Abigaïl Fallot

Jean-François Le Coq

Julio Cesar Salinas

Teresa Aguilar

Romy Cronenbold

Roberto Vides-Almonacid

Tahia Devisscher

Building a shared

ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

With OSPC, the overview of dynamics situates the landscape within the wider national context and facilitates a consensus in the formulation of a shared problem at the landscape level:

HOW TO ENSURE THE QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY OF WATER FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION AND PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES FOR A SHORT AND LONG-TERM, IN A CONTEXT OF WEAK WATER GOVERNANCE, AGRICULTURAL AND CATTLE RANCHING EXPANSION AND DEMOGRAPHIC GROWTH, CONSIDERING DRY PERIODS ARE BECOMING MORE PROLONGED & INTENSE?

The situational analysis highlights trade-offs on development opportunities and threats on natural resources at different scales of intervention With PARDI, we get a refined and systemic representation of actors logics and their consequences on resource dynamics within the landscape. It emphasizes the need for better coordination between authorities so as to avoid perverse incentives; and makes explicit the link between deforestation and water quality, and consequently the unsustainability of current practices.

The multiscale historical profile deepens the understanding of the influence of events at regional and national levels on the landscape locally. It namely identifies the role of new laws and national re-distribution processes, on land and water management in the SES. Through a learning-by-sharing process, the analysis of SES dynamics around a specific and collectively recognized problem (here on water security), helped to define a shared representation of the landscape and integrate different types of knowledge.

A consensus on solutions is not ensured. But gathering persons that usually don't meet and exchange their viewpoints is already an achievement. Existing participatory process and consolidated local organization (here, the FCBC) facilitate the successful application of the articulated methods.. Though qualitative and relying much on stakeholders' perceptions and their interpretation, they complement an evidence-based approach, allowing to identify knowledge gaps and discuss priority research needs.

Discussion

Situational analysis (OSPC)

Agricultural frontier

Abigail Fallot ¹ 4 , Jean-François Le Coq 1 5 , Julio Cesar Salinas 2 , Teresa Aguilar 1 , Romy Cronenbold 2 , Roberto Vides-Almonacid 2 , Tahia Devisscher 3 ¹Centre International de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), France 2 Fundación para la Conservación del Bosque Chiquitano (FCBC), Bolivia 3 Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI)-Oxford, U-K 4 Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE), Costa Rica 5 Universidad Nacional (UNA), Costa Rica Building a shared representation of the landscape as a socio-ecological system and visualizing the challenges of climate-smart agriculture

• Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) refers to a still little delineated set of proposals for improving rural land use practices and disseminating solutions to food insecurity, low climatic resilience, and high greenhouse gas emissions. CSA addresses these sustainability issues principally at the landscape scale.

• As previously observed in many development and innovation projects of the last decades, such proposals are not always accepted, solutions sometimes fail to be sustainable over time or to address local priorities. These difficulties often highlight the lack of a shared vision by the actors of their landscape, where an intervention is considered to improve natural resource management practices.

• We assume that the applicability of knowledge on climate vulnerability and CSA options, depends on its integration within a representation of the socio-ecological system (SES) of the landscape.

Introduction

To account for the diversity of viewpoints in the SES and promote a shared understanding of how the landscape functions around a problem faced by all.

  Research developed in the ECOADAPT project, funded by the European Commission Aguilar et al. 2014. Análisis participativo de las dinámicas socio-ecológicas de la Cuenca Zapocó en Bolivia. <hal-01091946>. CMP 2007. Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation, version 2.0. Conservation Measures Partnership. Etienne et al. 2011. ARDI: a co-construction method for participatory modeling in natural resources management. Ecology and Society 16(1):44. Resilience Alliance, 2010. Assessing Resilience in Social-Ecological Systems : Workbook for Practitioners. Salinas, J.C., Vides, R., Justiniano, H., Valdes, A., Sanin, N. , Cronenbold, R., Flores, J., Anivarro, R., Pacheco, N., 2013. Aplicación de los Estándares Abiertos para la Práctica de la Conservación en un Bosque Seco Tropical de Bolivia. Poster at IUFROLAT, 2013, San José de Costa Rica. Participatory conceptual modeling allows to build a shared vision of the Zapocó basin landscape. As a way to strengthen local stakeholders' reflexive and abstraction capacity, it enables innovative solutions and may reduce tensions on resources. Thus promoting a local stakeholders' learning process contributes to create Climate Smart landscapes. Possible next steps : implementation of specific identified measures necessary to improve local SES dynamics; further exploration to understand these dynamics in the longer run.

  communities 'Patron' and 'Peon' are de-coupled Payment for labour Political power linked to economic power in hands of old 'patrones' of the private sector Consolidation of communities Establishment of cooperatives and development of infrastructure in communities with support from the Church Leadership and financial support from the Catholic Church Narco influence on the livestock sector Adoption of neo-liberal policies and economic expansion 1992 Indigenous March Conversion to indigenous communities: identity change, new expectations and interests, land tenure security access to funds, local participation in dev planning Support from NGOs, reg