Between Vulnerability and Resilience: Study of Adult Adoptees' Parenthood

 andFamily, 63(1), 17-31.• Studies carried out on a population of adopted adults are rare and present most of the time their vulnerability. They show that adoptees present a poorer mental health (1) and a more insecure attachment (2) than the general population. They would also be less satisfied with their marital relationships (3).

• For any adult, parenthood is a crisis at the individual level but also at the couple's level. According to the bio-psycho-social model of parental stress, adjustment to parenthood would depend on the individual psychological variables and on the quality of the parents' relationship (4). Adoptees' features in terms of psychological and dyadic adjustments could therefore have a deleterious effect on their experience of parenthood.

• The rare studies carried out on adoptees' parenthood show that becoming a parent gets them back to their early experiences and changes their relationships with their parents (biological and adoptive.) A recent literature review details the specific issues faced by adoptees in the context of their parenthood (5). However, the existing works have important methodological biases (for instance: low number of participants, no control group, interest exclusively in the prenatal period).

• • Existing works present adoptees as more vulnerable as parents. Our results highlight adoptees' resilience. Despite significant differences in psychological and dyadic adjustments observed between the two groups, they have comparable scores regarding the parental experience.

• This can be explained by the fact that adoptees' adjustment scores remain in the norm. There would be no consequences on their parenthood. Moreover, other factors, such as their adoptive parents' parenting style, could act as protective factors (6).

• Our results regarding the importance of relational variables among adoptees are in line with those of Feeney, Passmore and Peterson (2007) (2) who show that adoptees were more sensitive to relational stressors than nonadoptees. This sensitivity might have a deleterious effect on parenthood.

• Future research will need to ensure a better male / female distribution in the samples; and focus on the long-term effects of the adoption pathway on the experience of parenthood.

  University, Laboratory LPCPP, EA 3278 Compare adoptees' and nonadoptees' experience of parenthood. Study the determinants of adoptees' experience of parenthood (psychological and relational variables) Motivations to Have Children Dyadic Coping Coparenting (integrity and conflicts) (1) Melero, S., & Sánchez-Sandoval, Y. (2017). Mental health and psychological adjustment in adults who were adopted during their childhood: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 77, 188-196. (2) Feeney, J. A., Passmore, N. L., & Peterson, C. C. (2007). Adoption, attachment, and relationship concerns: A study of adult adoptees. Personal Relationships, 14(1), 129-147.(3) Feigelman, W. (1997). Adopted adults: Comparisons with persons raised in conventional families. Marriage & Family Review, 25(3-4), 199-223. (4) Roskam, I., & Mikolajczak, M. (2015). Stress et défis de la parentalité. De Boeck Supérieur. (5) Despax, J., Bouteyre, E. (2019). La parentalité des adultes adoptés : une revue systématique de la littérature. Devenir, 31(3), 231-248. (6) Chen, Z. Y., & Kaplan, H. B. (2001). Intergenerational transmission of constructive parenting. Journal of Marriage

  Adoptees' Parental Educative Skills and Parental Stress are determined by their relational and psychological characteristics. • The characteristics of the marital relationship play a particulary important role among adoptees: 1. Adoptees' committed in a relationship present less Parental Stress than single adoptees (this difference was not find among nonadoptees) ; 2. Dyadic Coping plays a mediating role between Psychological Characteristics and Parental Stress for adoptees ; 3. Coparental Conflicts better predict Parental Educative Skills for adoptees than for nonadoptees (see the Figure below) : an interaction effect was found.