Hélène Fargeon

Jean-Luc Dupuy

Nicolas Martin

François Pimont

Climate change impact on wildfires: where do the greatest uncertainties lie ?

Climate change impact on wildfire danger: where do the greatest uncertainties lie?

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  Photo : Lluis Gene


Concentration by vacuum evaporation

Results

Indirect method

Results

direct method

Conclusion Perspectives

Results

Indirect method

Results

direct method

Conclusion Perspectives

STLOpen

Need of a direct analysis of the deposit

Development of a device to recover the deposits formed in the evaporator

1,5 ratio 

Context

Objectives Strategy

Results

Indirect method

Results

direct method

Conclusion Perspectives

  fouling and the type of deposit formed might be different in an evaporator compared to an heat-exchanger Cleaning procedures have to be adapted to the evaporators

  of TN and ash in the evaporator linear evolution of TN and ash contents with the concentration factor TN: Total Nitrogen

16

  Fouling of the pilot-scale evaporator and formation of insolubles in the highly concentrated products Concentration of hydrochloric acid whey in a falling-film evaporator • Quantitative determination of the components: Presence of citrate and calcium + phosphate ion and TN • FTIR spectroscopy: lactose not detected direct method: analysis of the deposit formed  Determination of the nature of the deposit formed:

STLOpen Days 19-21 March 2019

•

  Few data on fouling of evaporators during processing of wheys

	• Most are from industrial case studies
	• Not controlled operating conditions

What are the compounds implied in the fouling deposit during vacuum concentration of wheys ? Objectives and strategy Use of a specific experimental procedure

	o at pilot scale
	o applied to a fouling product: hydrochloric acid whey
	o determination of the nature of the deposit according to 2 methods:
	indirect method		direct method
	mass balance on the concentrates	analysis of the deposit
	Context	Objectives Strategy	Results Indirect method	Results direct method	Conclusion Perspectives

STLOpen Days 19-21 March 2019 Pilot-scale evaporator

			 3 calandria in series (1 tube/calandria)
			 1 electrical heating/calandria
			 1 condenser
			constant evaporation T°C
	60°C	60°C	60°C
	tubular heat
	exchanger
	20°C
	70 kg.h -1		concentrate
	liquid
	140 liters
	Several successive runs to produce concentrates at
	different concentration factors	(Silveira et al., 2015)
				5

single-effect evaporator Evaporation

rate of 27 kg.h -1 Context Objectives Strategy Results Indirect method Results direct method Conclusion Perspectives boiler calandria STLOpen Days 19-21 March 2019 6 Composition of hydrochloric acid whey lactose ash proteins dry matter (5.9 %) Dry matter (% w/w) calcium 2.5 % sodium 0.6 % potassium 2.5 % magnesium 0.2 %

chloride 5.2 % Inorganic phosphate 3.3 % citrate

2.4 % water (94.1 %) pH 4.57 Context Objectives Strategy

12 Deposit in the evaporator Insolubles in the concentrate

		Ion reactions in hydrochloric acid whey
			during vacuum concentration
	Concentrate at CF 7.6 : pH = 3.44
	H 2 PO 4	-	+ Ca 2+	Ka=21	CaHPO 4
	HCit 2-H 2 Cit -		+ Ca 2+ + Ca 2+	Ka=876 Ka=28	CaHCit	CaCit -	Saturation conditions	Ca 3 Cit 2
	Ka values from (Holt, Dalgleish and Jenness, 1981)
	Molar ratio Ca/Cit	0.8	3.2

STLOpen Days 19-21 March 2019

	Recovery device for fouling deposits
			 BTCI
	Context	Objectives Strategy	Results Indirect method	Results direct method	Conclusion Perspectives	13

STLOpen Days 19-21 March 2019

		Experimental procedure
					pilot-scale evaporator
	initial acid whey	concentration up to CF 6	rinsing with softened water	dismantling the device	deposit recovery and analysis
						Characterisation of the initial
					whey and the final concentrate
			Context	Objectives Strategy	Results Indirect method	Results direct method	Conclusion Perspectives	14

STLOpen Days 19-21 March 2019

  Compositions of the final concentrate and deposit

	initial acid whey	35.5 % DM CONCENTRATE	in the evaporator losses of calcium and citrate
		pH 3.93		DEPOSIT
				TN  6.38 (g.kg -1 )	150.0
				calcium (g.kg -1 )	121.7
				citrate (g.kg -1 )		453.3
		Ca/Cit mole =1.3	phosphate (g.kg -1 )	64.1
		 1.5 (Ca 3 Cit 2 )	magnesium (g.kg -1 )	0.2
		Context	Objectives Strategy	Results Indirect method	Results direct method	Conclusion Perspectives	15

STLOpen Days 19-21 March 2019

	Conclusions & perspectives


Mathieu Buoro

Julien Papaix

Cyril Piou

Etienne Prévost

Investigating the demogenetic responses of exploited Atlantic salmon populations to climate change

niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

INVESTIGATING THE DEMOGENETIC RESPONSES OF EXPLOITED ATLANTIC SALMON POPULATIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE Mathieu Buoro, Julien Papaïx, Cyril Piou and Etienne Prévost

A key aim of current ecological research is to predict whether and how populations will be able to respond to environmental change. However, our predictive ability is still limited by the complexity of environments, organisms life cycle and especially by the challenges of teasing apart evolutionary change from more 'plastic' responses to environmental perturbation. Simulation studies provide a powerful tool for disentangling eco-evolutionary processes and investigating interactive, synergistic effects among multiple factors in order to fully understand the resilience of populations in the face of various scenarios of climate change. Using, an Individualbased model, we investigate the demogenetic consequences of environmental change scenarios on an exploited population of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Our results show that increasing flow amplitude and water temperature in freshwater, and poor oceanic growth conditions resulting from environmental change drove mainly demographic consequences and phenotypic responses, such as a shift towards a multiple-sea-winter life history accompanied by a decline in population size. Effects of environmental change were also contrasted with fisheries strategies impacts to investigate whether fisheries induced evolution and how selective fisheries can promote adaptation to climate change. We show that increased selective fishing against multiple-sea-winter fish mainly induced an evolutionary effect in the form of a lower maturation threshold in females, increasing the proportion of one sea-winter fish. The maturation threshold of males was not modified by selective fishing due to their earlier reproduction and return after a single winter at sea, thereby avoiding most of the selective effects of fishing.

Avec le soutien de :

Colloque de l'AFH, Ifremer Nantes, 2017


Bacterial EVs and health


domain: sdv shs

text:
Florjan Bombaj

Dominique Barjolle

Jean-Marc Touzard

Myslym Osmani

Meat value chain dynamics in the Albanian mountains areas: what issues prevent the development of the traditional mountains products?

Materials and Methods

Conclusions

Bibliography

Combining statistics and preparatory discussions with local actors and regional specialists, the selection of villages was done according to the number of families in each village, herd size evolution, proximity and ties with the three dairies in the territory. Different publications and diagnostic results on a mountain territory in northern Albania were consulted for the comparison between the two territories.

Introduction Results

Stage 1 -National value chain analysis. At the national level we used several documents, including reports, databases, papers and other scientific data.

No market information system in place

The majority of meat producers are small subsistence farms. The national meat value chain it is not profitable to them.

High production costs and no technical improvements that boost the productivity.

The very poor structuring of the two value chains for the two territories gives very little market power to the farmers.

Bad markets' functioning may prevent positive effect of any setting-up and registration of GI for these local products.

"XV EAAE Congress -Towards Sustainable Agri-Food Systems: Balancing between Markets and Society"

Florjan

  Meat value chain dynamics in the Albanian mountains areas. What issues prevent the development of the traditional mountainsproducts?

Stage 2 -•

 2 Vithkuq value chains analysis in several steps: a) exploratory phase with literature research and choice of the study area; b) sample characterization. c) fieldwork phase Stage 3. Results analysis and workshop with the local actors and breeders. The results were discussed during a workshop with the concerned actors. Stage 4 -Meat value chain analysis of the Hasi district in northern Albania. of Bovine and Ovine Meat, Albania, 2000-2013 The meat value chain SWOT analysis of the Hasi district The meat value chain SWOT analysis of Vithkuq In the Albanian mountains' territories the livestock production is dominant. They have strong potential for developing GI for their products. Since 2012, great efforts are made to better valorise a few local products in northern Albania in the Hasi region.Another PhD-project has developed participative research in a mountain territory with a strong past and present pastoral activity. Vithkuq is well known for a high reputation of its dairy and meat products. The meat production is increasing constantly.• Meat consumption in Albania is already 43.4 kilograms per capita.VC Links• Local meat is limited and expensive.• No link between the Albanian farmers and the meat processing industry.Imports• In the value chain of meat there are also slaughtering and processing enterprises. • The majority of raw meat is imported. of slaughtered animals is often much too low resulting in low profitability; the reasons are the demand for very young animals and the unavailability of cheap feed

Bombaj F., Barjolle D., Anthopoulou T., Michaud G. (2017). Family farming in the Albanian mountainous areas: local agro pastoral farming systems and market integration perspectives. Natural Resource Economics Review, 15/03/2017, Special Issue, p. 41-52.

Bombaj, F., Barjolle, D., Touzard, J. M., & Osmani, M. (2016). Farming system and market integration in southern Albania. Between territorial resource management issues and informal value chain challenges. In 149th Seminar, October 27-28, 2016, Rennes, France (No. 245169). European Association of Agricultural Economists.

Bombaj, F., Barjolle, D., Anthopoulou, T. (2016). Sheep breeding system in Southern Albania between political transition and market integration. Paper presented at the "7 th International Conference on Localized Agri-food Systems", Stockholm, Sweden (8 May 2016).

Garnier A. (2015). Pratiques d'élevage et agro-biodiversité paysagère dans le Has albanais. Montpellier (France): CIHEAM-IAMM. 118 p. (Master of Science, n. 144).


Provide the missing bugs in a functionalized infant formula?

Bugs grow and get tougher