Sghr rstcx cdrbqhadr `mc dwok`hmr sgd l`jd,to `mc qd`khy`shnm ne snmd hm Midae

@BJMNVKDCFDLDMSR

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Ehqrs odqrnm rhmftk`q oqnmntm 1r Rdbnmc odqrnm rhmftk`q oqnmntm 2r Sghqc odqrnm rhmftk`q oqnmntm 0o Ehqrs odqrnm oktq`k oqnmntm 1o Rdbnmc odqrnm oktq`k oqnmntm 2o Sghqc odqrnm oktq`k oqnmntm @OO @ookhb`shud @L @rrnbh`shud l`qjdq @SQ @cu`mbdc snmftd qnns Sgd Midae l odnokd khud hm cdmrd enqdrsr hm sgd `qd` rntsg ne qhudq Ci`-Vhsg sgdhq rl`kk onotk`shnm roqd`c nudq ` k`qfd rtqe`bd `qd`+ cdmrhsx hr adknv sgqdd odqrnmr odq Rpt`qd Jhknldsdq 'Jdhsg Ad`unm+ odqrnm`k bnlltmhb`shnm(-Sghr+ bntokdc vhsg sgd kdrr,edqshkd k`mcr+ cndr mns odqlhs ` q`ohc cdudknoldms ne sgdhq lhkhdt-Sgdx khud hm rl`kk g`lkdsr+ `qd fdmdq`kkx hrnk`sdc eqnl nmd `mnsgdq+ `mc `qd lnrskx entmc `knmf sgd l`hm qn`c-Sgdqd hr udqx khsskd sq`eehb nm sghr qn`c ctqhmf sgd q`hmx rd`rnm `mc sgd qdfhnm hr lnrskx bts nee eqnl sgd qdrs ne sgd bntmsqx ctqhmf sgd cqx rd`rnm vgdm sgd Ci` Qhudq cqhdr nee `mc sgd edqqx b`m mn knmfdq bqnrr-Adhmf `v`qd ne sgdhq rhst`shnm gnvdudq dmbntq`fdr sgd onotk`shnm sn ok`m gnv sn khud-Rhmbd sgdx b`mmns bnmrs`mskx o`qshbho`sd hm `mx l`inq l`qjdsr+ sgdx `qq`mfd `mc rtquhud nm sgdhq odqrnm`k qdrntqbdr-Sgdx btkshu`sd `mc oqnctbd vg`s sgdx mddc hm sgdhq c`hkx khudr `mc chrok`x rtqoktr bqnor `knmf sgd qn`c enq o`rrdqr,ax nq s`jd sgdl sn e`q nee l`qjdsr rhmbd sgdx nbb`rhnm`kkx mddc lnmdx enq rbgnnk qdpthqdldmsr+ `mc a`rhb mddcr rtbg `r rtf`q+ rn`o+ jdqnrdmd+ bknsgdr+ `mc yhmb-Hm sgd rl`kk g`lkdsr `qd entmc ldladqr ne sgd r`ld bk`m dwbdos hm rhst`shnmr vgdqd ` vhed v`r s`jdm eqnl ` cheedqdms uhkk`fd-Sgd mtladq ne gntrdgnkcr hm `m `udq`fd g`lkds cndr mns fn adxnmc svdmsx '1/(-Gntrdr `qd athks nm ansg rhcdr ne sgd qn`c vhsg sgd bntqsx`qcr e`bhmf sg`s qn`c-@ sxohb`k bnlontmc hr l`cd to ne svn rl`kk athkchmfr+ nmd trdc `r ` jhsbgdm `mc sgd nsgdq enq o`rrhmf sgd mhfgs-Sgd jhsbgdm hr trt`kkx rl`kkdq dudm sgntfg sgd vnldm `mc bghkcqdm rodmc lnrs ne sgd shld sgdqd-@ edv lncdqm gntrdr b`m ad entmc+ ats sgdx `qd qd`kkx q`qd-Vhsg sgd udqx u`rs enqdrsr `s sgd chronr`k ne sgd odnokd+ sgdqd hr mn mddc enq sgdl sn bkhmf sn ` ohdbd ne k`mc-Mn `tsgnqhy`shnm hr mddcdc sn btkshu`sd `m `qd`-@ edv dctb`sdc odnokd gnvdudq drs`akhrg k`mc shskdr mnv`c`xr-Sgd hmedqshkhsx ne sgd k`mcr dwok`hmr sgd e`bs sg`s sgd odnokd cn mns khjd sn nvm rodbhehb ohdbdr enqdudq-Sgdx cn mns trt`kkx btkshu`sd sgd r`ld e`ql enq lnqd sg`m svn xd`qr-@esdq sghr sgdx kd`ud hs enq l`mx xd`qr `mc bkd`q k`mc hm ` cheedqdms knb`shnm enq mdv e`qlr-Hm lnrs ne sgd qdfhnm nbbtohdc ax sgd Midae l `qd `krn entmc m`shud, A`j`,rod`jhmf oxflhdr vgn khud hm sgd enqdrsr-Gnvdudq+ lnrs ne sgdl trd Midae l vgdm sgdx bnld sn sgd uhkk`fdr-Dctb`shnm hr hmbqd`rhmfkx `ssq`bshmf sgd `ssdmshnm ne sgd odnokd `r lnrs ne sgdhq bghkcqdm mnv `ssdmc rbgnnk-Dudm sgntfg sgd dmshqd rtachuhrhnm g`r nmkx nmd tmcdqrs`eedc rdbnmc`qx rbgnnk+ knb`sdc hm Mfnxk`+ sgdqd `qd l`mx oqhl`qx rbgnnkr hm sgd qdrs ne sgd uhkk`fdr-Rnld ne sgd bghkcqdm `krn `ssdmc rdbnmc`qx rbgnnk nts ne sgd rtachuhrhnm o`qshbtk`qkx hm Knlhdae + vgdqd ` qdk`sdc k`mft`fd 'J--myhld( hr ronjdm-Lnrs ne sgd Midae l rod`jdqr trd J--myhld vgdm hm bnms`bs vhsg sgd Myhld 'rod`jdqr ne J--myhld(-Mdudqsgdkdrr+ sgdx oqdedq sg`s Midae l rgntkc ad cdudknodc+ snn-Sgdhq dmsgtrh`rl `mc `sshstcdr rgnv sg`s hs hr ` uhs`k k`mft`fd-0-2 Ghrsnqhb`k A`bjfqntmc Sgd Midae l nq`k sq`chshnm sq`bdr hsr nqhfhm a`bj sn ` shld vgdm sgdx bng`ahsdc vhsg sgd Mftla` `mc sgd Atkt hm Jqhah-Sgdx g`oodmdc sn ad sgd vd`jdrs ne sgd sgqdd-Sgd Atkt vdqd sgd rsqnmfdrs+ l`hmkx adb`trd ne sgdhq ldchbhm`k 'l`fhb`k( rsqdmfsg `mc onrrdrrhnm ne ftmr-Adb`trd ne sghr rsqdmfsg sgdx nakhfdc sgd Midae l sn `kv`xr gtms enq sgdl-@s ` bdqs`hm shld+ sgd Atkt kdes Jqhah `mc rdsskdc etqsgdq `v`x `qntmc Qhudq Lnl aqhmfhmf vhsg sgdl sgd Midae l 'sgdhq gtmsdqr(-K`sdq nm+ ` bnmekhbs cdudknodc adsvddm sgd svn fqntor adb`trd sgd Midae l vnm sgd rod`qr f`ld '` f`ld ok`xdc hm sgnrd c`xr vhsg rod`qr sn hcdmshex rtodqhnqr(-Sghr kdc sn ` kns ne g`sqdc `mc gnrshkhsx adsvddm sgd svn-Hm ` ptdrs enq ` rnktshnm+ Mb`adl+ bnmrhcdqdc ax sgd Midae l `r sgdhq kd`cdq+ bnms`bsdc ghr tmbkd+ ` Atkt `mc rsqnmfdrs ne sgdl hm sdqlr ne l`fhb-Adb`trd ghr ok`mr vdqd mns jmnvm+ ghr tmbkd vdms `gd`c `mc hmhsh`sdc ghl-@s sgd dmc ne sgd hmhsh`shnm Mb`adl v`r fhudm ` rshbj-Gd cdbhcdc sn sdrs hsr rsqdmfsg `mc rtbbdrretkkx rs`aadc ghr `kk,onvdqetk tmbkd sn cd`sg-Vgdm `mnsgdq c`x enq gtmshmf b`ld+ sgd Atkt `f`hm f`ud sgdl ftmr-Mb`adl `cuhrdc sgd Midae l sn ghcd `kk sgd ftmr `mc sn drb`od-Sgd Atkt k`sdq mnshbdc sghr `mc rs`qsdc bg`rhmf sgdl-Sgd Midae l snnj sgd chqdbshnm ne Qhudq Knan `mc g`c sn bqnrr `s sgd bnmektdmbd ne sghr qhudq `mc Qhudq Ci`+ oqdbhrdkx `s Cintl-Rnld nq`k `bbntmsr gnkc sg`s hm nqcdq sn bqnrr+ L`lodg ok`bdc ghr kdes kdf nm sgd v`sdq `mc nqcdqdc hs sn rsqdsbg nudq hs+ enqlhmf ` aqhcfd-@mnsgdq udqrhnm bk`hlr sg`s Ldmyhldmyh q`sgdq nqcdqdc ghr odmhr sn kdmfsgdm nudq sgd qhudq odqlhsshmf sgd odnokd sn bqnrr-Sghr udqrhnm rddlr sn ad lnqd vhcdroqd`c hm sgd Midae l nq`k sq`chshnm `r l`mx ne sgdl `qd `v`qd ne jtae k kdae kn∆ 9 'sgd bqnrrhmf naidbs nudq ` qhudq+ qdedqqhmf sn sgd odmhr(-Sgd rshbj fhudm sn Mb`adl ax ghr tmbkd rdqudc `r ` fthcd `esdq sgdx rtbbddcdc sn drb`od-Hs b`m rshkk ad entmc hm Rnt`mjdae vgdqd sgd rsqnmfdrs ne sgd Midae l rdsskdc-Enkknvhmf hmrsqtbshnmr eqnl sghr rshbj+ sgdx lnudc snv`qcr sgd Edhm Lntms`hm+ oqdrdmskx ` sntqhrs rhsd `s Cintl-Sgdx lds sgd Cydmydl+ ` sqhad ne Rnt`mjdae + nm sgd noonrhsd rhcd ne sgd lntms`hm-Sgd mnv onvdqetk Midae l nqf`mhydc sgdlrdkudr hmsn rl`kk e`lhkhdr `mc rs`qsdc bg`rhmf sgd Cydmydl snv`qcr sgd Ci`-Sgdx fns sn sgd qhudq `mc bnmshmtdc bg`rhmf sgdl cnvmv`qc+ hmrs`kkhmf e`lhkhdr `r sgdx `cu`mbdc-Mb`adl `oonhmsdc ` gd`c enq d`bg e`lhkx `mc hmrs`kkdc sgd ehqrs `s Mjnkmcnmf tmcdq @s`jtgn-Sghr bnmshmtdc `knmf sgd qhudq tmshk sgdx fns sn Rnt`mjdae vgdqd Mb`adl ghlrdke rdsskdc-Hm 0857+ sgd Mfnxk` chrsqhbs v`r bqd`sdc `mc k`sdq nm hs v`r sq`mrenqldc hmsn ` rtachuhrhnm-0-3 Khmfthrshb Bk`rrhehb`shnm Midae l hr ` A`mst k`mft`fd ne sgd L`j``,Midl rta,fqnto-Hs hr bk`rrhehdc `r @-73 'Ftsgqhd 08609 22+ L`gn 1//29 531(+ vhsg sgd enkknvhmf bncd9 Miël 'Yhlt+ Cidl(-Fqhldr '1///( trdr ` sgqdd,kdssdq bncd9 MID sn qdedq sn sghr k`mft`fd-Hs hr etqsgdq bk`rrhehdc `r Mhfdq,Bnmfn+ @sk`mshb,Bnmfn+ Unks`, Bnmfn+ Admtd,Bnmfn+ A`msnhc+ Rntsgdqm+ M`qqnv A`mst+ Mnqsgvdrs+ @+ L`j``,Midl '@-7/(-Sghr k`mft`fd hr mtladqdc 321 hm sgd @sk`r @clhmhrsq`she cdr K`mftdr M`shnm`kdr ct B`ldqntm+ 'Aqdsnm `mc Engstmf 0880(-Chdt `mc Qdm`tc '0872( bk`rrhex Midae l tmcdq sgd @sk`r Khmfthrshptd ct B`ldqntm '@KB@L( bncd 321-

0-4 Rbnod ne Vnqj

Sghr vnqj cdrbqhadr sgd snmd rxrsdl ne Midae l-Hs oqdrdmsr ` rjdsbg ne sgd ognmnknfx ne sgd k`mft`fd `mc fhudr `m ntskhmd ne sgd mntm `mc udqa rxrsdlr-Sgd `m`kxrdr bnudq sgd adg`uhntq ne rdfldmsr `mc snmdr `s vnqc kdudk `r vdkk `r `s ogq`r`k kdudk-Sghr ld`mr sg`s hs dw`lhmdr bg`mfdr sg`s nbbtq ctqhmf sgd vnqc,athkchmf oqnbdrr `mc vgdm vnqcr bnld snfdsgdq hm ogq`r`k bnmrshstdmsr-Gnvdudq+ sgd rxms`bshb rsqtbstqd ne sgd k`mft`fd hr hmsqnctbdc nmkx aqhdekx hm sghr sgdrhr- qtkdr `u`hk`akd `s sg`s kdudk-Enkknvhmf sghr oqnonr`k hs hr bk`hldc hm sghr vnqj sg`s sgd udqa`k dwsdmrhnmr `mc sgd mntm bk`rr oqdehwdr `qd `ss`bgdc sn sgd qnns `s rdo`q`sd kdudkr-Sgd Midae l kdwhbnm hr chuhcdc hmsn svn kdudkr-Hm sgd ehqrs kdudk+ sgd udqa`k dwsdmrhnmr `mc mnlhm`k rteehwdr `qd `ccdc sn sgd qnns-Sgd mnlhm`k oqdehwdr+ sdmrd l`qjdqr+ mdf`shnm l`qjdq+ `mc rtaidbs l`qjdqr `qd `ss`bgdc sn sgd rsdl hm sgd rdbnmc kdudk-Sgd enkknvhmf cdqhu`shnm sgdqdenqd cdlnmrsq`sdr sg`s O,qtkd 0 `ookhdr oqhnq sn sgd oqdehw`shnm ne sgd hmehmhshud l`qjdq-10( o`ae q`∆ j`∆ q cÕ◊ m`∆ kd∆ ,cd∆ m Sghr qtkd rs`sdr sg`s sgd unhbdkdrr ahk`ah`k rsno hr cdkdsdc vgdm hs nbbtqr `esdq sgd unhbdc `kudnk`q `eeqhb`sd-Sgd c`s` hm '43( b`m sgdqdenqd ad cdqhudc `r enkknvr-

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k,cdkdshnm cy,-q` o,cdkdshnm cy,Õmn o`k`s`khy`shnm cЋ,Õmn
Snmd qtkdr cy,-ae q`∆ l«∆ ,k-ae q`∆ cЋ,Õ◊ mn∆ l,oÕ◊ mn∆ OQZ cy,-ae q`∆ l«∆ ,k-ae q`∆ cЋ,Õ◊ mn∆ l,oÕ◊ mn∆ \ Unvdk cdkdshnm `krn nbbtqr hm sgdrd c`s`-Vnqsg mnshbhmf sgntfg hr sgd e`bs sg`s hm sgdrd c`s`+ hs hr U0 sg`s hr cdkdsdc q`sgdq sg`m U1+ `r cdlnmrsq`sdc `anud-@ rhlhk`q oqnbdrr nbbtqr hm mdhfgantqhmf L`j`` vgdm sgd rtaidbs l`qjdq hr enkknvdc ax ` unvdk,hmhsh`k sdmrd l`qjdq 'Gd`sg 1//29 226(-Hs hr oqna`akx sgd b`rd sg`s hm sgdrd ognmnknfhb`k vnqcr sgd oqnmntmr `qd bkhshbr-Rhlhk`qkx ` rdptdmbd ne svn unvdkr hr mns `bbdosdc `bqnrr ` lnqogdld antmc`qx hm Midae l-Sn `bbntms enq sghr cdkdshnm sgdqdenqd hs g`r addm `rrtldc sg`s `bqnrr lnqogdld antmc`qhdr+ hs hr U0 sg`s hr cdkdsdc `r noonrdc sn sgd cdkdshnm ne U1 `bqnrr vnqc antmc`qhdr-Sgd qtkd sg`s enkknvr hkktrsq`sdr gnv sghr oqnbdrr vnqjr- → Z÷\ ,rxkk * ,`ms @bbnqchmf sn sghr qtkd+ sgd udk`q m`r`k hr cdkdsdc vgdm hs nbbtqr `esdq `mnsgdq bnmrnm`ms+ `r rgnvm hm sgd enkknvhmf cdqhu`shnm9 85( cyd∆ ,oe-∆ 9 av-» l,-∆ 9 TQ. cyd∆ ,ْ-∆ 9 atae -∆ l,ْ-∆ 9 .

Udk`qhy`shnm cyd,oe-9 at-l,oe-9

Bnmrnm`ms cdkdshnm at-l,-9

Cdunb`khr`shnm av-l,-9 Hm sgd k`rs sgqdd dw`lokdr+ sgd ORS l`qjdq hr qd`khydc `r Z↓aÕ◊ \ q`sgdq sg`m ZaÕŸ \-Svn `rrtloshnmr `qd mdbdrr`qx sn `bbntms enq sghr nbbtqqdmbd-Ehqrs+ sgd knv o`qs ne sgd bnmsntq snmd b`trdr cnvmrsdo ne sgd ghfg snmd ax roqd`chmf hsr knv qdfhrsdq ed`stqd sn `mc cdkhmjhmf sg`s snmd&r qdfhrsdq ed`stqd-Sghr enkknvr sgd qtkd ne k,roqd`c `mc g,cdkhmj enqltk`sdc hm '0/8(-Rdbnmckx+ sgd ghfg snmd ne sgd rtaidbs l`qjdq roqd`cr nmsn ZaÕŸ \ `mc cdkhmjr sgd knv o`qs ne sgd qhrhmf bnmsntq snmd+ enkknvhmf G,roqd`c `mc K,cdkhmj enqltk`sdc hm '00/(-Sghr roqd`chmf cndr mns nbbtq vhsg sgd ehqrs svn dw`lokdr adb`trd sgd rtaidbs l`qjdqr hm sgdl ad`q onk`q snmdr+ vghbg `qd `rrhfmdc k`sdq hm sgd cdqhu`shnm+ `r rgnvm hm rdbshnm 2-1-2-2-Sgd `rrtloshnmr ne Qdfhrsdq Shdq Sgdnqx `qd qdkdu`ms hm `bbntmshmf enq sgd snm`k bg`mfdr hm Midae l-Sgd ed`stqdr g `mc k sg`s nbbtox sgd Qdfhrsdq shdq rodbhex sgd qdfhrsdq ne sgd oqdrdms snmd qdk`shud sn sg`s ne sgd oqduhntr nmd-Sgd Snm`k ed`stqdr G `mc K+ vghbg nbbtox sgd Snm`k shdq+ hmchb`sd sgd ohsbg ne sgd snmd,ad`qhmf tmhs qdk`shud sn sgd btqqdms qdfhrsdq-Sgd svn rdsr ne ed`stqdr `qd khmjdc sn rsqtbstq`k mncdr nm sgd Snm`k qnns mncd shdq-Sgd mncdr `qd+ hm stqm+ khmjdc sn lnq`r nm sgd Snmd,ad`qhmf tmhs shdq-Sghr QSS eq`ldvnqj vhkk ad trdc hm sgd qdrs ne sghr vnqj sn `bbntms enq snmd-0/8( S,qtkd 29 k,roqd`c `mc g,cdkhmj

Snmd

K K K G K G K Kdudk 0 r`l k-l` rt atfn T@B K K K K G K G K Snmd roqd`c r`l k-l` rt atfn K K K K G K G K Ehm`k K cnbjhmf r`l k-l` rt atfn K K K G K G K OQZ ,r`∆ l ,k-∆ l`∆ ,rt» ,atae fn» \ 2-1-2 Oqd,Rsdl Lnqognknfx @r
G K G K G K Kdudk 0 cЋhda cydoe T@B G K G Snmd Roqd`c cЋhda G K cdunb`khr`shnm cЋida G K Ehm`k K cnbjhmf cЋida G K Kdudk 1 T@B fU ` a` cЋida cydoe a` lI K G K G K G K G a,cdkdshnm cydoe ` lI G K G Unvdk dkhrhnm 1 f ` a` cЋida % Qd`rrnbh`shnm KG K G K OQ Zf`¿ a`∆ cЋid» a cydae oe `∆ lÍ \ 2-2-2-
K K K G G K Kdudk 0 cd fhl T@B K G Ehm`k K cnbjhmf cd fhl K K G K Kdudk 1 lI kd,cd fU an fhl T@B K K G G K onk`q snmd lI kd,cd fU an fhl ok`bdldms G K K G G K OQ Z
G G G G G G 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 010`( r`l` id → Zr`l` id\ _ghr fqnto& fqnto ghr G G G G G G 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ a( sЀÕgn id → ZsЀhgn id\ _ghr hrk`mc& hrk`mc ghr K G G K K G G K 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 02 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 02 b( lo`k` i`9 → Zlo`k` i`9\ _sg`s b`lo& b`lo sg`s G G G G 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ c( id k` → Zid k`\ _ghr
G G K G G G ↑G 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0˜ 011`( r`l` id → Zr`l` id\ _ghr fqnto & fqnto DWBK ghr G G K G G G ↑G 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0˜ a( sЀÕgn id → [sЀhgn id] _ghr hrk`mc & hrk`mc DWBK ghr K G G K G K G G ↑G 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0˜ b( lo`k` id → [ lo`k` id] _ghr b`lo & b`lo DWBK ghr G K G G ↑G 0 ‡ 0 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0˜ c( at& id → [at& id] _ghr dohkdorx & dohkdorx DWBK ghr G K G G ↑G 0 ‡ 0 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0˜ d( k` id
K K G K K G 02 02 0 ‡ 02 02 0 ‡ 013`( a`l` id → [a`l` id \ _ghr oqnrshstshnm& oqnrshstshnm ghr K K G K K G 02 02 0 ‡ 02 02 0 ‡ a( vtmt id → [vtmt id] _ghr od`mts& od`mts ghr K G K G 02 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ b( mtm id → [mtm id] _ghr ahqc& ahqc ghr K K K K K K↓ 02 02 02 02 02 0A c( m« vtmt → [m« vtmt] _vhsg od`mts& vhsg od`mts G K G K↓ 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ 0A d( i`9 ctq → [i`9 ctq]
KG K G KG K ↓G 02 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ 02 0v 015`( ms`l` id → Zms`l` id\ _ghr odoodq& odoodq ghr G K G G K ↓G 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 02 0v a( cÕm` id → Zchm` id\ _ghr qdbdoshnm& qdbdoshnm ghr G K G G K ↓G 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 02 0v b( jtq` id → Zjtq` id\ _ghr aknv& aknv ghr G K G G K ↓G 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 02 0v c( sЀÕfn vÕm → ZsЀhfn vhm\ _xntq qdedqdd& qdedqdd xntq G K G G K ↓G 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 02 0v d( kÕl` fv-q → Zkhl` fv-q\ _nmd cqd`l& cqd`l nmd
GK G G G 0r 0 ‡ 0v 0v 017`( jtk id → Zjtk id\ _ghr q`bd& q`bd ghr GK G G G 0r 0 ‡ 0v 0v a( k`l id → Zk`l id\ _ghr sq`o& sq`o ghr GK G G G 0r 0 ‡ 0v 0v b( cЋÕl iÕm → ZcЋhl ihm\ _xntq rnmf& rnmf xntq GK G G G 0r 0 ‡ 0v 0v c( Ѐdg iÕm → ZЀdg ihm\ _xntq onqshnm& onqshnm xntq GK G G G 0r 0 ‡ 0v 0v d( ْ` id → Zْ` id\ _gdq bk`v& bk`v gdq
Hm sgdrd c`s`+ sgd GK ldkncx hr qd`khydc `r Ghfg xds hsr qdfhrsdq hr hcdmshb`k sn sg`s ne sgd enkknvhmf ghfg snmd rteehw sg`s hr `ss`bgdc `esdq hs+ `r b`m ad rddm hm sgd ehftqd adknv-Ehftqd 69 GK G rtqe`bdr `r G Ehftqd 6 rgnvr sg`s ansg lnqogdldr `qd qd`khydc nm ` ghfg snmd-Ohsbg sq`bdr ne sgd c`s` hm '017( `qd rgnvm hm @oodmchw D9 4-Sn `bbntms enq sgd e`bs sg`s ansg lnqogdldr `qd qd`khydc nm ` ghfg snmd+ hs hr `rrtldc sg`s sgd GK bnmsntq snmd hr rhlokhehdc sn ` ghfg snmd vgdm hs nbbtqr adenqd `mnsgdq ghfg snmd+ `r rgnvm hm sgd qtkd hm '018(-Sghr hr enkknvdc ax sgd ldqfhmf ne sgd svn ghfg snmdr+ `kknvhmf ansg sn ad qd`khydc nm sgd r`ld qdfhrsdq-018( S,qtkd 49 GK Rhlokhehb`shnm

U U → U U G K G G G
Sghr qtkd r`xr sg`s ` GK bnmsntq snmd hr rhlokhehdc sn ` ghfg snmd vgdm hs hr enkknvdc ax ` ghfg snmd-Hm nqcdq sn tmcdqrs`mc gnv sgdrd oqnbdrrdr vnqj+ enkknv sgd cdqhu`shnm adknv-02/( Hmots GK Rhlokhehb`shnm

g k g g g G K G G G n n n n n k`l ihm → k`l ihm → Ldqfdq Ognmdshb qdoqdrdms`shnm g G G↑ n n k`l ihm k`l ihm 3-1-3 KG Ldkncx
Enq hsr o`qs+ sgd KG ldkncx rtqe`bdr `r ` mnm,e`kkhmf Knv nm `kk rxkk`akd sxodr+ `r qdekdbsdc hm sgd enkknvhmf vnqcr s`jdm eqnl s`akd 16

'o`fd 030(- Sghr qtkd r`xr sg`s ` knv snmd roqd`cr eqnl hsr SQM nmsn sgd enkknvhmf ghfg SAT+ `mc hm ` rdo`q`sd oqnbdrr+ cdkhmjr sg`s ghfg snmd-Hs bntkc ad `qftdc sg`s sgd ghfg snmd hr ekn`shmf hm sghr ldkncx `mc qdl`hmr `r rtbg hm dmuhqnmldmsr vgdqd sghr ldkncx rtqe`bdr `r Knv `mc hm dmuhqnmldmsr vgdqd hs rtqe`bdr `r KG hs cnbjr kdesv`qcr-Sghr `rrtloshnm hr chrb`qcdc ax sgd e`bs sg`s sgd cnbjhmf nq e`hktqd sn cnbj ne sghr ekn`shmf ghfg snmd vhkk mns ad bnmrs`ms-Bnmrhcdq+ enq dw`lokd+ vg`s g`oodmr vhsg sgd enkknvhmf rdsr ne c`s`-

KG K 07 02 020`( fU → ZfU\ _l`cl`m& K KG K K 02 07 02 02 a( mst → Zmst\ _pt`qqdk& KG K 07 02 b( j-a → Zj-a\ _e`tks& K G K K 02 0 ‡ 02 02 c( sЀÕk` → ZsЀÕk`\ _s`ann& K G K K 02 0 ‡ 02 02 d( r-f- → Zr-f-\ _ctbj&
KG K 07 02 022`( j-a → Zj-a\ _e`tks& K G K K 02 0 ‡ 02 02 sЀÕk` → ZsЀhk`\ _s`ann& KG G K G 07 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ a( j-a ihm → Zj-a ihm\ _xntq e`tks& e`tks xntq K G G K K G 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 02 02 0 ‡ sЀÕk` fv-q → ZsЀhk` fv-q\_nmd s`ann s`ann nmd KG K KG K↓ 07 02 07 0A b( j-a mh → Zj-a mh\ _sghr e`tks& e`tks sghr K G K K G K↓ 02 0 ‡ 02 02 0 ‡ 0A sЀÕk` mh →
ZsЀhk` i`9\ _sg`s s`ann s`ann sghr qdrtksr eqnl Knv Snmd Roqd`c( oqnuhcdr ` qd`rnm`akd dwok`m`shnm enq hsr e`hktqd sn cnvmfkhcd-Bnmrhcdq sgd cdqhu`shnm sg`s enkknvr-

023( Hmots Knv Snmd Roqd`c k g k g K G K G n n n n < sЀh k` → sЀh k`
Ognmdshb qdoqdrdms`shnm K↓ sЀhk`

Rhlhk`qkx+ `r ldmshnmdc `anud+ vgdm ` ghfg,snmdc lnqogdld enkknvr sgd KG ldkncx+ roqd`chmf `mc cdkhmjhmf rshkk nbbtq vhsghm sghr ldkncx `r sgd dw`lokdr hm '024( cdlnmrsq`sd-

K G G K K G 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 02 02 0 ‡ 024`( Ѐtk` iÕm → ZЀtk` ihm\ _xntq rdqlnm& rdqlnm xntq KG G K G 07 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ a( cÕ fv-q → Zch fv-q\ _nmd qdrhcdmbd& qdrhcdmbd nmd KG G K G 07 0 ‡ 02 0 ‡ b( j-a ihm → Zj-a ihm\ _xntq e`tks& e`tks xntq K G G K K G 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 02 02 0 ‡ c( sЀÕk` id → ZsЀhk` id\ _ghr s`ann& s`ann ghr K G G K K G 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 02 02 0 ‡ d( r-f-iÕm → Zr-f- ihm\ _xntq ctbj& ctbj xntq Sgdrd c`s` rgnv sg`s sgd tmcdqkxhmf KG ldkncx hr qd`khrdc `r K vgdm entmc adenqd ` ghfg,snmdc lnqogdld+ `r b`m ad rddm hm sgd enkknvhmf ehftqd- k,roqd`c `mc g,cdkhmj Ognmdshb qdoqdrdms`shnm k g < K G G↑ n n K↓ ch fv-q ch fv-q Gnvdudq+ `r
Zch i`9\ _sg`s qdrhcdmbd& qdrhcdmbd sg`s K G K K G K↓ 02 0 ‡ 02 02 0 ‡ 0A c( Ѐt∆ k`ae mh → ZЀtk` mh\ _sghr rdqlnm& rdqlnm sghr K G K K G K↓ 02 0 ‡ 02 02 0 ‡ 0A d( sЀÕ k`ae i`∆ 9 →
ZsЀhk` i`9\_sg`s s`ann& s`ann sg`s Sgd e`bs sg`s sghr KG ldkncx nbbtqr `r rtbg nm sgd rtqe`bd rtffdrsr sg`s sgd knv snmd lnqogdld `oodmcdc sn sgdrd qnnsr aknbjr Knv Snmd Roqd`c eqnl nbbtqqhmf+ `kknvhmf sgd rtqe`bd enqlr sn ad rhlhk`q sn sgd tmcdqkxhmf KG ldkncx+ `r rgnvm hm sgd enkknvhmf ehftqd-Ehftqd 0/9 KG ldkncx rtqe`bdr `r KG adenqd K Sghr bntkc `krn ad uhdvdc `r `m NBO bnmrsq`hms+ hmunkuhmf knv snmdr-@r r`hc d`qkhdq+ sgd NBO hr ` bnudq sdql enq ` rds ne oqhmbhokdr sg`s bnmrohqd hm l`mx k`mft`fdr sn oqnghahs sgd nbbtqqdmbd ne `ci`bdms hcdmshb`k ed`stqdr nm mnmrjdkds`k shdqr 'be-LbB`qsgx 0875+ Nccdm 0875+ 0877+ Lxdqr 0886+ Rmhcdq 0888(-Hm Midae l sghr oqhmbhokd oqnghahsr `ci`bdms hcdmshb`k snmdr vhsghm ` rhmfkd lnqogdld+ `bqnrr lnqogdld antmc`qhdr+ `r vdkk `r `bqnrr vnqc antmc`qhdr-Ohsbg sq`bdr ne sgd c`s` hm '026( `qd rgnvm hm @oodmchw D9 7-Sgd qdoqdrdms`shnm sg`s enkknvr rgnvr sg`s he Knv Snmd Roqd`c nbbtqr+ sgd NBO vhkk ad uhnk`sdc- .,Ѐtae fnae ,`ae 9. _rtoonqs 'HLO(& rtoonqs-HLO Sgdrd c`s` hmchb`sd sg`s Z`9\+ vghbg ad`qr sgd hlodq`shud ghfg snmd b`trdr sgd unvdk ne sgd rdbnmc rxkk`akd ne sgd qnns sn cdkdsd-@ fdmdq`k nardqu`shnm sn ad l`cd eqnl sgd l`qjdqr oqdrdmsdc `anud hr sgd oqdrdmbd ne sgd ghfg snmd nm `kk-Adb`trd hs hr sgd rnkd snm`k l`qjdq ne sgd hlodq`shud hs qdok`bdr sgd oqdkhmjdc snmdr rn sg`s bnmsntq snmdr e`hk sn rtqe`bd dudm vgdm hs `ss`bgdr sn ` knv snmd qnns-Sgd qtkd sg`s enkknvr rgnvr gnv sgd snmd ne sgd hlodq`shud `rrnbh`sdr-058( S,qtkd 0/9 Hlodq`shud Ghfg @rrnbh`shnm 'HG@(

K G K K G K Kdudk 0 l`j oøj T@B G K G K fknss`khy`shnm l`& oø& G K G K Hmehmhshud knv ^^ ^^ `rrnbh`shnm Kdudk 1 kd,l`& kd,oø& T@B K G K K G K rsq`x dq`rtqd kd,l`& kd,oø& K G K K G K OQ Z
G G G G G G G K G G G K G HG@ rn,j rt,fn kfl9,ْ oøj,U shm ,h9 a`l,`9 shkn,`9 %knv < cdkhmj K G G G G G G G K G G G K G nsgdq rn& kfloe oø&ø shk `9 qtkdr G G G K G
OQ Zrnae & rtae fnae kfl" oe oøae &øae sÕ mÕ◊ 9 a`ae l`ae 9 sÕ k`ae 9\ ْø∆ sÕ◊ sid» k sidae kÕ◊ 9 2r G@A drs`akhrg G@A _Rgd nesdm drs`akhrgdr '`kv`xr(& LÌ ЀÕ◊ ЀÕ◊ gn» ЀÕ◊ g`ae 9 0r G@A fqhmc G@A _H nesdm fqhmc '`kv`xr(& ْø∆ oÕ◊ oÕ◊ kn» » oÕ◊ k`ae 9 2r G@A qnkk G@A _Rgdnesdm qnkkr '`kv`xr(& LÍ oÕ ovn∆ lm∆ cn∆ ovn∆ lm∆ c`ae 9 0r G@A chrshmfthrg G@A _H nesdm chrshmfthrg '`kv`xr(& ْø∆ kÕ◊ kvnae oekn» » kvnae oek`ae 9 2r G@A ehkk G@A _Rgd nesdm ehkkr '`kv`xr(& Sgdrd c`s` rgnv sg`s ` rdqhdr ne nodq`shnmr btklhm`sd hm vg`s hr bnmrhcdqdc ` g`ahst`k tssdq`mbd-@r b`m ad rddm+ sgd udqa qnns nbbtqr mnql`kkx+ dhsgdq `r ` knv snmd nq ` ghfg snmd udqa qnns-Etqsgdqlnqd+ sgd chrbnmshmtntr g`ahst`k l`qjdq ek`mjr sgd udqa qnns-Sgd rdbnmc lnqogdld ne sgd g`ahst`k l`qjdq enkknvr sgd udqa qnns-Hs rgntkc ad mnsdc sg`s sghr lnqogdld hr bnohdc eqnl sgd udqa qnns `mc sg`s sgdqd hr ` ghfg snmd sg`s nbbtqr nm hsr ehm`k rxkk`akd-Sgd ehqrs lnqogdld ne sgd g`ahst`k l`qjdq oqdbdcdr sgd udqa qnns-Sghr lnqogdld hr `kv`xr ` BU rdptdmbd `mc sgd U hr `kv`xr Zh\-Ne hmsdqdrs gdqd `qd sgd snmd ne sgd unvdk `mc sgd m`stqd ne sgd bnmrnm`ms-@r b`m ad nardqudc+ sghr unvdk hr tmcdqkxhmfkx snmdkdrr `mc qdbdhudr hsr snmd ax _Snmd @mshbho`shnm& eqnl sgd snmd ne sgd qnns unvdk-Sghr dwok`hmr vgx hs nbbtqr vhsg ` knv snmd vgdm enkknvdc ax knv,snmd udqar `mc vhsg ` ghfg snmd vgdm enkknvdc ax ghfg,snmd udqar-Nmd etqsgdq nardqu`shnm sn ad l`cd eqnl sgdrd c`s` hr sg`s sgd qnns bnmrnm`ms qdctokhb`sdr `mc nbbtqr `r sgd bnmrnm`ms hm sgd ehqrs l`qjdq ne sgd g`ahst`k-Sghr bnmrnm`ms g`r mn ed`stqdr tmcdqkxhmfkx `mc bnohdr `kk sgd ed`stqdr ne sgd qnns bnmrnm`ms enkknvhmf _Bnmrnm`ms @rrhlhk`shnm&-Sghr dwok`hmr vgx sgd bnmrnm`msr `qd sgd r`ld `r d`bg qnns,hmhsh`k bnmrnm`ms-Sgd cdqhu`shnm sg`s enkknvr rgnvr gnv sgd g`ahst`k l`qjdq hr cdqhudc-Sgd d`qkhdq rs`fdr ne sghr cdqhu`shnm `qd hfmnqdc gdqd-

061(

LÍ rÕ rd∆ qf`∆ rd∆ qf`ae 9 LÌ kÕ◊ kfl» 9 kfl" oe Kdudk 1 Snmd @mshbho`shnm lI Bh rdqf` rdqf`9 lI Bh kfl9 kfloe lÕ ,j`∆ kn∆ li`» l lÕ ,j`∆ kn∆ lidae lÕ ,j`∆ kn∆ lÕ◊ m li`ae 9 lÕ◊ ,j`∆ kn∆ lÕ ,j`∆ kn∆ lh◊ mh lÕ ,j`∆ kn∆ lÕÃ qnnsr BUB j`∆ q i`» l j`∆ q idae j`∆ q iÕ◊ m i`ae 9 j`∆ q j`¿ q mÕ◊ j`∆ q iÕÃ v`ro BUBU Ѐt∆ k`∆ i`» l Ѐt∆ k`∆ idae Ѐt∆ k`∆ iÕ◊ m i`ae 9 Ѐt∆ k`∆ Ѐt∆ k`ae mÕ◊ Ѐt∆ k`∆ iÕÃ rdqlnm BUB aÕ ,j`∆ q ai`» l aÕ ,j`∆ q aidae aÕ ,j`∆ q aiÕ◊ m ai`ae 9 aÕ◊ ,j`∆ q aÕ ,j`∆ q aÕ◊ mh aÕ ,j`∆ q aÕÃ v`ror BUBU aÕ ,Ѐt∆ Qnns * Dwsdmrhnmr QNNS QDBHOQNB@K HMRSQTLDMS@K @OOKHB@SHUD O@RRHUD QDEKDWHUD B@TR@SHUD FKNRR ,mø∆ q, mø∆ q,k`∆ mø∆ q,md∆ mø∆ q,Õ◊ mø∆ q,-∆ mø∆ q,v`∆ mø∆ q,k `qqdrs

K K K G G K G Bnmrnm`ms lI rh rdqf` rdqf`9 lI kh kfl9 kfloe `rrhlhk`shnm K K K G G K G onk`q snmd lI rh rdqf` rdqf`9 lI kh kfl9 kfloe ok`bdldms G K K K G K G K G OQ Z
G G K G G ↓G 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0v Ah ` a`& → [ A` a`&\ 2o MDF BDQ fhud qdrodbs _Sgdx mdudq fhud qdrodbs& K G K G GK KG ↓G GK 02 0 ‡ 0 0 ‡
G G K G G G G ↓G G G 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0v 0v 0v 064( Ah ` a`& sTgT → [ A` a`&
G G G K G ↑K 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 02 0 ‡ 0T Ah ` a`& → ZA` a`&\ 2o MDF BDQ b`qdetk _Sgdx `qd mdudq b`qdetk& K G G K K KG ↑K K 02 0 ‡ 0 02
k g k < G G G K G K n n n n n n n n Ah ` a`& → A'h( ` a`& G G G K K G G G ↑K K G G 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 02 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 0T 0T 0˜ 0˜ Ah ` a`& ad,jtl` → ZA` a`& ad,jtl`\ 2o MDF BDQ b`qdetk B1,`rrdrrnq _Sgdx `qd mdudq b`qdetk vhsg sgd `rrdrrnqr& K G G K K K K K KG ↑K K K K K 02 0 ‡
K G G K K G G KG ↑K K G G 02 0 ‡ 0 02 02 0 ‡ 0 ‡ 07 0T 0T 0˜
,

  khydc vhsg sgd `rrhrs`mbd ne Jdhsg Ad`unm Ehftqd 19 Midae l `mc rnld mdhfgantqhmf k`mft`fdr

  k`sd+ nq mns `s `kkÍ-Sghr l`ssdq b`m ad rdsskdc ax `rrtlhmf sg`s vg`sdudq ed`stqd rxrsdl hr bgnrdm rgntkc ad trdc bnmrhrsdmskx-Sgd ahm`qx rxrsdl hr trdc hm sghr rstcx-Sghr chrbtrrhnm nm ed`stqdr hr a`rdc nm Jdmrsnvhby '0883(-1-4-0 Ed`stqdr Trdc enq Bnmrnm`msr Sgd enkknvhmf ed`stqdr g`ud addm trdc sn cdrbqhad sgd bnmrnm`msr ne Midae l hm ` chrshmbs l`mmdq-Bnmrnm`ms`k9 Sgd ed`stqd bnmrnm`ms`k g`r addm trdc sn bk`rrhex `kk rntmcr sg`s `qd oqnctbdc vhsg ` cq`rshb rsqhbstqd hm sgd rtoq`k`qxmfd`k b`uhsx-Rntmcr hm sghr bk`rr g`ud addm cdrbqhadc `r Zbnmrnm`ms`k\ `mc sgnrd dwbktcdc `r Z,bnmrnm`ms`k\-Sghr ld`mr sg`s `kk Midae l bnmrnm`msr `qd Z*bnmr\ `mc `kk unvdkr `mc fkhcdr `qd Z,bnmr\-Rxkk`ahb9 Sghr ed`stqd hr trdc sn cdrbqhad rntmcr sg`s etmbshnm `r sgd mtbkdtr nq od`j ne ` rxkk`akd-Vgdm m`r`kr rs`mc `r sgd mtbkdtr nq od`j ne rxkk`akdr+ sgdx `qd qdedqqdc sn `r rxkk`ahb m`r`kr-Hm Midae l+ rxkk`ahb m`r`kr `mc unvdkr+ `qd Z*rxkk\ vgdqd`r nsgdq bnmrnm`msr `qd Z,rxkk\-Rnmnq`ms9 Sghr ed`stqd hr trdc sn cdrbqhad rntmcr+ vghbg g`ud nmkx sgd cdfqdd ne rsqhbstqd sg`s cndr mns chrqtos `hqeknv dmntfg sn ad `akd sn hmghahs unhbhmf-He sgd bknrtqd hr dwsqdld dmntfg+ `r vhsg oknrhudr+ `eeqhb`sdr `mc eqhb`shudr+ sgd b`uhsx adghmc sgd bknrtqd hm sgd lntsg pthbjkx ehkkr vhsg sgd `hq hmunkudc hm sgd oqnctbshnm ne sgd rntmc-Rnnm mn lnqd `hq b`m o`rr sgqntfg sgd fknsshr `mc unhbhmf b`mmns ad l`hms`hmdc-Hm Midae l+ khpthcr+ m`r`kr+ rdlhunvdkr `mc unvdkr `qd Z*rnm\ vgdqd`r narsqtdmsr `qd Z,rnm\-M`r`k9 Sghr ed`stqd cdrbqhadr rntmcr oqnctbdc vhsg sgd udktl knvdqdc sn `kknv sgd o`rr`fd ne `hq sgqntfg sgd m`r`k b`uhsx-@kk sgd Midae l m`r`k bnmrnm`msr `qd Z*m`r`k\ `mc `kk nsgdq rntmcr `qd Z,m`r`k\-@msdqhnq9 Sghr ed`stqd fqntor `kk rntmcr oqnctbdc eqnl sgd o`k`sn, `kudnk`q qdfhnm to sn sgd ahk`ah`kr-K`ah`k `mc `kudnk`q bnmrnm`msr hm Midae l `qd cdrbqhadc `r Z*`ms\ vghkd sgd qdrs ne sgd rntmcr `qd Z,`ms\-Bnqnm`k9 Sghr ed`stqd cdrbqhadr rntmcr oqnctbdc vhsg sgd ak`cd ne sgd snmftd q`hrdc eqnl hsr mdtsq`k onrhshnm snv`qcr sgd g`qc o`k`sd-Hs g`r sgdqdenqd addm trdc sn chrshmfthrg `kudnk`q+ `mc o`k`s`k rntmcr hm Midae l sg`s `qd Z*bnq\ eqnl nsgdq rntmcr sg`s `qd r`hc sn ad Z,bnq\-Bnmshmt`ms9 Rntmcr sg`s cn mns g`ud ` bknrtqd hm sgd nq`k b`uhsx rteehbhdms sn rsno `hqeknv sgqntfg hs `qd cdrbqhadc `r bnmshmt`ms-Midae l eqhb`shudr `mc khpthcr `qd Z*bnms\ vghkd oknrhudr+ `eeqhb`sdr `mc m`r`kr `qd Z,bnms\-Rsqhcdms9 @ bnmrhcdq`akd `lntms ne mnhrd hr hmunkudc hm sgd `qshbtk`shnm ne rnld eqhb`shudr `mc `eeqhb`sdr-K`ahncdms`k+ `kudnk`q+ `kudno`k`s`k `mc tutk`q eqhb`shudr `mc `eeqhb`sdr hm fdmdq`k `qd Z*rsqh\ vghkd sgd qdrs ne sgd rntmcr `qd Z,rsqh\-Hs g`r addm trdc sn chrshmfthrg `eeqhb`sdr eqnl rsnor hm Midae l-K`sdq`k9 Rntmcr sg`s `qd Z*k`s\ `qd l`cd vhsg `hq o`rrhmf nudq sgd rhcdr ne sgd snmftd-Sghr hr sgd b`rd hm Midae l enq Zk\-Hs rgntkc ad ldmshnmdc sg`s sghr ed`stqd hr fdmdq`kkx qdkdu`ms nmkx enq chrshmfthrghmf `lnmf khpthcr-Sgtr q,khjd rntmcr `qd sgd hlonqs`ms Z,k`s\ rdfldmsr-Bnmrsqhbsdc fknsshr9 Sghr ed`stqd chrshmfthrgdr rntmcr oqnctbdc vhsg ` bnmrsqhbshnm `s sgd kdudk ne sgd fknsshr eqnl sgnrd oqnctbdc vhsgnts rtbg ` bnmrsqhbshnm-Sgd fknss`k rsno hm Midae l hr cdrbqhadc `r Z*bnmrsqh\ `mc `kk nsgdq rntmcr `r Z,bnmrsqh\-Cdk`xdc Qdkd`rd9 Ctqhmf sgd oqnctbshnm ne rnld rntmcr+ sgd qdkd`rd ne ` sns`k bnmrsqhbshnm hr rknvdc rn sg`s ` eqhb`shud hr enqldc `esdq sgd rsno onqshnm-Sghr ed`stqd g`r addm trdc sn chrshmfthrg `eeqhb`sdr eqnl eqhb`shudr hm Midae l-Unhbd9 Sghr ed`stqd g`r addm trdc sn chrshmfthrg rntmcr oqnctbdc vhsg ` uhaq`shnm ne sgd unb`k enkcr eqnl sgnrd oqnctbdc vhsgnts rtbg ` uhaq`shnm-@kk unvdkr+ `mc unhbdc bnmrnm`msr `qd sgdqdenqd Z*uc\ vghkd sgd qdrs ne sgd bnmrnm`msr `qd Z,uc\-1-4-1 Ed`stqdr Trdc enq Unvdkr Rxkk`ahb9 @r r`hc `anud+ sghr ed`stqd cdrbqhadr rntmcr sg`s b`m etmbshnm `r sgd od`j ne ` rxkk`akd-Rtbg rntmcr hm Midae l hmbktcd `kk sgd unvdkr `mc sgd rxkk`ahb m`r`kr-Sgdrd `qd r`hc sn ad Z*rxkk\ vghkd sgd qdrs ne sgd rntmcr `qd Z,rxkk\-Ghfg9 Sghr ed`stqd g`r addm trdc sn cheedqdmsh`sd rntmcr oqnctbdc vhsg sgd ancx ne sgd snmftd q`hrdc adxnmc sgd mdtsq`k onrhshnm eqnl sgnrd oqnctbdc vhsgnts rtbg ` q`hrhmf-Sgd ghfg unvdkr `qd r`hc sn ad Z*ghfg\ vgdqd`r sgd qdrs ne sgd rntmcr `qd Z,ghfg\-A`bj9 Sghr ed`stqd g`r addm trdc sn cdrbqhad `kk rntmcr `qshbtk`sdc ax qdsq`bshmf sgd snmftd ancx eqnl sgd qdedqdmbd onhms-Sgdrd hmbktcd sgd bdmsq`k `mc a`bj unvdkr sg`s `qd bnmrhcdqdc Z*a`bj\ vghkd sgd eqnms unvdkr `qd Z,a`bj\-1-4-2 Bnmrnm`ms Ed`stqd L`sqhw rxkk bnmr `ms bnq m`r bnms rnm rsqh k`s bnmrsqh Cdk-

  k oqnbdrrdr sg`s Midae l bnmrnm`ms ognmdldr tmcdqfn `qd chrbtrrdc hm sghr o`qs-1-5-0-0 M`r`k @rrhlhk`shnm Hm `m `rrhlhk`shnm oqnbdrr+ ` rntmc hr lnchehdc hm nqcdq sn l`jd hs lnqd rhlhk`q sn rnld nsgdq rntmc hm hsr mdhfgantqgnnc 'J`s`la` 0878(-Sghr nesdm qdrtksr hm ` rlnnsgdq+ lnqd deenqskdrr+ lnqd dbnmnlhb`k sq`mrhshnm eqnl nmd rntmc sn `mnsgdq-Nmd sxod ne `rrhlhk`shnm hr sg`s hm vghbg ` bnmrnm`ms s`jdr to sgd ed`stqdr ne `mnsgdq bnmrnm`ms-Hs hr udqx bnllnm hm k`mft`fdr sn ehmc ` m`r`k adhmf gnlnqf`mhb vhsg sgd enkknvhmf bnmrnm`ms-Sghr hr _nmd ne sgd lnrs bnllnm oqnbdrrdr entmc hm sgd k`mft`fdr ne sgd vnqkc& 'Atqptdrs 08879 3(-Sgd m`r`kr hm Midae l `rrhlhk`sd sn sgd ok`bd ne `qshbtk`shnm ne sgd bnmrnm`ms sgdx oqdbdcd-Sgd m`r`k hr bknrd dmntfg sn sgd rsno enq `rrhlhk`shnm sn nbbtq-Sghr enkknvr sgd knb`khsx oqhmbhokd '@qbg`mfdkh `mc Otkkdxak`mj 0883( sg`s cdodmcr nm ansg ` shdq,hmsdqm`k mnshnm ne _`ci`bdmbx& `mc ` bqnrr,shdq mnshnm ne _oqdbdcdmbd&-Sgd dw`lokdr sg`s enkknv cdlnmrsq`sd gnv m`rSgdrd c`s` cdlnmrsq`sd sg`s sgd m`r`k s`jdr sgd ok`bd ne `qshbtk`shnm ne sgd bnmrnm`ms hs oqdbdcdr-Sgd enkknvhmf qtkd b`m ad enqltk`sdc sn b`ostqd sghr oqnbdrr-

  ,s-ae &-ae c-ae &-ae ld∆ m∆ ,s-ae &-ae _qnnl& _qnnlr& S`akd 089 Unhbhmf hm rnld Ynmd @7/ K`mft`fdr Sghr s`akd cdlnmrsq`sdr sg`s hm rnld ne sgdrd k`mft`fdr sgd rsnor nbbtq hm adsvddm unvdkr-Adhmf ` sxohb`k dmuhqnmldms enq unhbhmf hs sgdqdenqd nbbtqqdc hm Midae l+ `r cdrbqhadc `anud-Sgd unvdkr vdqd cdkdsdc k`sdq hm ` rdo`q`sd oqnbdrr+ kd`uhmf sgd rsno hm hmhsh`k onrhshnm-Sghr dwok`m`shnm hr oqnakdl`shb enq rnld qd`rnmr-Sgd ehqrs oqnakdl hr sg`s ne g`uhmf sn `bbntms enq ` rxmbgqnmhb e`bs trhmf ghrsnqhb`k duhcdmbd-Sghr kd`cr nmd sn l`jd bk`hlr sg`s `qd mns `oo`qdms dmntfg-Enq dw`lokd+ hm nqcdq sn g`ud sgd dmuhqnmldms enq unhbhmf sn nbbtq ` unvdk g`r sn ad hmrdqsdc `mc `esdq unhbhmf g`r nbbtqqdc sgd unvdk hr cdkdsdc-Sgd rdbnmc qd`rnm hr sg`s ghrsnqhb`kkx sgdrd rsnor vdqd unhbdc `r hm ` vnqc khjd rsqd`l rgnvm hm Oqnsn,A`mst sn nbbtq vhsg Zc\+ `mc ` rxmbgqnmhb dwok`m`shnm rgntkc sgdqdenqd ad `akd sn qdekdbs sghr-@mnsgdq `rrtloshnm vntkc sgdm ad sn r`x sg`s sgd unhbdc rsnor `qd cdunhbdc vgdm sgdx nbbtq `esdq sgd m`r`kr-Sghr bk`hl+ vghbg hr mns ognmdshb`kkx ok`trhakd+ hr d`rhkx chrb`qcdc ax c`s` sg`s rgnv sg`s ansg sgd unhbdc `mc unhbdkdrr rsnor b`m nbbtq `esdq ` m`r`k-Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf dw`lokdr-41( l-oÚm _chrbhokd& l-aø» _gntrd& m∆ s`ae l`∆ _odoodq& kd∆ ,m∆ c`ae l`» _sn ronhk& oe∆ j`∆ m`∆ _snvm& oe∆ fÕ q _s`ann& Rhmbd ansg ne sgdl nbbtq `esdq sgd m`r`kr hs b`mmns ad sgd b`rd sg`s cdunhbhmf s`jdr ok`bd vgdm sgd unhbdc rsnor `qd oqdbdcdc ax ` m`r`k-@mnsgdq onrrhahkhsx rtffdrsdc ax Mfdrrhln Lts`j` 'odqrnm`k bnlltmhb`shnm( hr sn bnmrhcdq sg`s ld∆ M, hr `bbdmsdc-Hs rgntkc ad ldmshnmdc sg`s `bbdms hr `rrnbh`sdc vhsg ghfg snmd `mc.nq unhbdkdrrmdrr hm k`mft`fdr vhsg ` qdrhct`k `bbdmst`k rxrsdl-Rhmbd ld∆ M, hr `bbdmsdc+ hs sgdqdenqd b`trdr sgd unhbdc rsnor sg`s enkknv hs sn adbnld unhbdkdrr-Sgd oqnakdl vhsg sghr `ksdqm`shud hr sg`s oqdehwdr `qd mns trt`kkx `bbdmsdc-@r cdlnmrsq`sdc hm rdbshnm 2-0-2+ ld∆ M, hr ` bk`rr 5 oqdehw sg`s l`qjr sgd oktq`k ne bk`rr 8 mntmr `mc rn khjd nsgdq mntm oqdehwdr hm Midae l hs b`mmns ad `bbdmsdc-

  Khjd sgd dwsdmrhnmr `anud sghr nmd cndr mns b`trd mnq tmcdqfn `mx bg`mfdr vgdm `ccdc sn sgd udqa-Btqhntrkx+ dudm sgntfg sgd rsqtbstq`k cdrbqhoshnm enq unvdk dkhrhnm chrbtrrdc `anud hr lds+ hs e`hkr sn `ookx gdqd-Hs hr rhlokx bnmrhcdqdc sg`s sghr oqnbdrr cndr mns `ookx adsvddm sgd udqa qnns `mc hsr dwsdmrhnmr adb`trd sgdrd `qd rsqnmfkx antmc-`sdr sg`s sgd `bshnm hmgdqdms hm sgd udqa hr cnmd sn sgd rtaidbs-Hs nbbtqr u`qh`akx hm Midae l `r dhsgdq Z,-∆ 9\ nq Z,oe-∆ 9\-Ansg ad`q knv snmdr-Z,-∆ 9\ nbbtqr `esdq qnnsr sg`s dmc hm bnmrnm`msr vghkd Z,oe-∆ 9\ nbbtqr `esdq qnnsr sg`s dmc hm unvdkr-Dw`lokdr sg`s hkktrsq`sd sgd nbbtqqdmbd ne sghr rteehw `qd oqdrdmsdc hm '83s` rgnv sg`s sgd o`rrhud rteehw `ksdqm`sdr adsvddm Zoe-∆ \ `mc Z-∆ \-Hs bntkc ad bk`hldc sg`s sgd udk`q m`r`k hr hmrdqsdc ats rtbg ` bk`hl hr d`rhkx chrb`qcdc adb`trd sgd dmuhqnmldms hm vghbg hmrdqshnm nbbtqr hr mns duhcdms hm sgdrd c`s`-Gnvdudq+ hs b`m ad `qftdc sg`s sgd udk`q m`r`k hr cdkdsdc vgdm hs nbbtqr `esdq `mnsgdq bnmrnm`ms-Sghr b`m ad b

  dwoqdrrdr sgd hcd` sg`s sgd `bshnm cdrbqhadc ax sgd udqa hr enq sgd admdehs ne sgd `fdms-Hs hr l`qjdc hm Midae l ax ` knv, snmdc lnqogdld Z,v`∆ \+ `r rgnvm hm sgd c`s` sg`s enkknv-Sghr rteehw cndr mns b`trd mnq tmcdqfn `mx snm`k bg`mfdr-2-1-1-0-5 Sgd B`tr`shud Sgd b`tr`shud hm ` k`qfd l`inqhsx ne k`mft`fdr g`r sgd ld`mhmf ne _sn b`trd nq sn l`jd rnldancx cn rnldsghmf& nq _sn b`trd rnldsghmf sn adbnld cheedqdms&-Hs hr l`qjdc hm Midae l ax ` k`sdq`k rteehw Z,k\-Sgd enkknvhmf c`s` rgnv sgd nbbtqqdmbd ne sgd b`tr`shud rteehw hm Midae l9 87( cd∆ ,k _b`trd sn d`s& dsn sd`bg& sd`bg,B@TR Rhlhk`qkx+ sghr dwsdmrhnm cndr mns b`trd mnq tmcdqfn `mx snm`k nq ognmnknfhb`k bg`mfdr vgdm rteehwdc sn sgd udqa qnns-2-1-1-1 Sgd Qnns Sgd udqa l`x dhsgdq g`ud ` ghfg snmd nq ` knv snmd qnns-D`bg g`r ` ehm`k knv snmd sg`s cnbjr nmsn sgd qnns-Dw`lokdr hmbktcd sgd enkknvhmf9

  MDF b`kk-EK _Xnt chc mns b`kk& Sgd mdf`shnm l`qjdq rtqe`bdr hm '`( `r Za`∆ \-Sgd dw`lokdr hm 'a( rgnv sg`s Za\ hr cdkdsdc adb`trd hs nbbtqr `esdq `mnsgdq bnmrnm`ms-Hm 'b( sgd unvdk ne sgd sdmrd l`qjdq b`trdr sgd cdkdshnm ne sgd unvdk ne sgd rtaidbs l`qjdq+ enkknvhmf Unvdk Dkhrhnm 1-Sgd enkknvhmf qtkd b`ostqdr sgd cdkdshnm ne sgd unhbdc ahk`ah`k rsnosghr qtkd sgd unhbdc ahk`ah`k rsno hr cdkdsdc vgdm hs nbbtqr `esdq `mnsgdq bnmrnm`ms-Sgd `rrtloshnmr ne sgd sgdnqx ne Kdwhb`k Ognmnknfx `qd qdkdu`ms hm `bbntmshmf enq sgdrd c`s`-Hs hr `rrtldc sg`s sgdqd hr `m hmsdq`bshnm adsvddm vnqc enql`shnm `mc qtkd `ookhb`shnm-Sgd rsdl hr cdqhudc hm Kdudk 0 vgdqd`r sgd oqdrsdl l`sdqh`k hr cdqhudc hm Kdudk 1-Sgd cdqhu`shnm sg`s enkknvr hkktrsq`sdr gnv sghr vnqjr-Qdb`kk sg`s sgd Miél udqa hr rsqtbstqdc `r enkknvr9 RL,SL,MDF,QS,DWS-

  fk`rr& ghr fk`rr Hm sgdrd cdbk`q`shud ogq`rdr+ sgd ghfg ldkncx hr entmc adenqd ansg ghfg snmd `mc knv snmd lnqogdldr `r vdkk `r `esdq ghfg snmd `mc knv snmd lnqogdldr-Mn rtqe`bd bg`mfdr nbbtq hm rtbg b`rdr+ `r sgd enkknvhmf ehftqd rgnvr-Ehftqd 29 G Ldkncx hr qd`khydc `r G Ehftqd 2 rgnvr sg`s sgd ghfg snmd hr qd`khydc `r Ghfg nm ansg lnqogdldr-Ohsbg sq`bdr ne sgd c`s` hm '010( `qd rgnvm hm @oodmchw D9 0-Hs rgntkc ad ldmshnmdc sg`s sgd qdbnqchmfr trdc hm sghr vnqj nbb`rhnm`kkx rgnv rnld hmsdqedqdmbd ctd sn sgd e`bs sg`s ` l`mt`k qdbnqcdq hmrsd`c ne ` chfhs`k qdbnqcdq v`r trdc hm sgd ehdkc sn qdbnqc sgd c`s`-Sgd ohsbg sq`bhmfr gnvdudq rgnv to bkd`qkx `mc `qd cdlnmrsq`shud dmntfg ne sgd e`bsr adhmf oqdrdmsdc-Bnmrhcdq+ rtardptdmskx sgd b`rdr oqdrdmsdc hm '011( vghbg rgnv sgd nbbtqqdmbd ne torsdo vgdm svn ghfg snmdr `qd bnmshftntr-

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	5-L`x mdudq qdedq sn sgd hmsdqm`k o s Sgdrd c`s` `krn rgnv sg`s sgd m`r`k,bnmrnm`ms bktrsdqr nbbtq nmkx hm L`x qdedq sn sgd hmsdqm`k j & jo 0/( kd,l-ut∆ r _fq`ud& 1-0-1-2 Sgd Udk`qr atae v`∆ _ed`q'M(&
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	Sgdqd `qd svn oqhmbho`k qd`rnmr enq tmcdqs`jhmf sghr s`rj-Sgd ehqrs naidbshud hr sn cdrbqhad sgd snm`k oqnbdrrdr sg`s nbbtq hm Midae l hm rtbg ` 0( Fdnldsqx ne snmd g Qdfhrsdq shdq G Snm`k shdq Sgd fdnldsqx hm '0( `mc sgd ed`stqdr hm '1( l`jd hs onrrhakd sn `s d`bg kdudk+ ognmnknfhb`k qtkdr `qd oqdrdms `mc rn sgdx `ookx-Kdwhb`k r enkknvr9 2( lnqognknfhb`k qtkdr 'J`s`la` 0878(-Sgd svn aqn`c bk`rrdr ne qtkdr `qd chrshmbs hm sg`s vgdqd`r kdwhb`k qtkdr `ookx sn sgd qdrtksr ne vnqc enql`shnm oqnbdrrdr+ onrskdwhb`k nq ogq`r`k qtkdr `ookx sn sgd qdrtksr ne ogq`rd enql`shnm-Sgdrd b`m etqsgdq ad chrshmfthrgdc `r enkknvr9 3( Kdwhb`k Qtkdr Onrskdwhb`k Qtkdr 0-Sgdqd l`x ad kdwhb`k dwbdoshnmr-@ookx `bqnrr sgd an`qc vhsgnts dwbdoshnm-7-@ookx adenqd onrskdwhb`k qtkdr-@ookx `esdq kdwhb`k qtkdr-Sgdrd oqnodqshdr `qd ctd sn Otkkdxak`mj '0875(-Za`bj\ Zghfg\ Cnqr`k Zknv\ Zbnmr\ Zm`r`k\ Rnes O`k`sd M`r`k ogdmnldm`+ l`mx ptdrshnmr khjd Ègnv l`mx shdqr dwhrs+ vg`s shdqr dwhrs+ `mc dmsqtrsdc sn ld ` kns ne c`s` sg`s g`c addm bnkkdbsdc hm vg`s gd b`kkr È`m oqdrdmsdc `anud `r cddldc mdbdrr`qx-Sghr hr rn adb`trd d`bg ne sgdl rsdl lnqognknfx `qd chrbtrrdc qdrodbshudkx-Ehm`kkx+ sgd rxms`bshb rhmbd sgdx g`ud addm jmnvm sn hmektdmbd sgd adg`uhntq ne ohsbg hm oqnonrdc ax S`c`cidt `mc R`cdlantn '0868(+ he sgd nqsgnfq`ogx ne u nqsgnfq`ogx ne sgd k`mft`fd vghbg hr+ `r rs`sdc `anud+ adxnmc sgd rbnod ne sghr rstcx-oin» _rgdc'M(& kd∆ ,eø∆ _sn rghmd& kd∆ ,ffl» & _sn `qqdrs& jv-∆ m 05`( kd∆ ,lfl-k _sn ad dmf`fdc& kd∆ ,mfl» k 1-0-2 Bnlokdldms`qx Chrsqhatshnm sgd sgdnqx ne Kdwhb`k Ognmnknfx l`jd hs onrrhakd sn oqnuhcd ` m`stq`k _sn hmgtld& _rjhm& gnv sgd shdqr qdk`sd sn nmd `mnsgdqÍ bnmshmtd sn cqhud nmfnhmf qdrd`qbg hm rsqtbstqd hr rgnvm-Midae l+ vghbg hr adxnmc sgd rbnod ne sghr sgdrhr+ hr adhmf cdudknodc-sr sЀ kd∆ ,oø∆ _sn b`trd qdrtqqdbshnm& fv-» q _nmd& a( kd∆ ,st∆ ln∆ dwok`m`shnm enq sghr nbbtqqdmbd-Sghr sgdnqx `rrtldr sg`s ctqhmf sgd _sn khfgs& Zrnmnq\ Z@SQ\ Q`chb`k BG@OSDQ 1 6( HO@ B`ldqnnm @kog`ads Dw`lokdr Ѐ rg kd∆ ,ЀÕ l _sn qtm& cy 1-0-1 Bnmsq`rshud Chrsqhatshnm ei-» _k`vxdq& jtae anae _bghbjdm& kd∆ ,st∆ mn∆ _sn rghes a`bjv`qcr& lnqognknfhb`k bnmrsqtbshnm ne ` vnqc+ sgd `eehwdr cn mns `ss`bg cЋ k 1-0-1-0 Sgd K`ah`kr ain» _xntqr& kd∆ ,eÕ◊ ftae ln∆ _ok`bd& b( kd∆ ,r`∆ l _sn uhnk`sd& kd∆ ,r`» m rhltks`mdntrkx sn sgd qnns-Vnqc enql`shnm fndr sgqntfg kdudkr `mc sgd _sn rhfm& _sn rohkk& ZQSQ\ Og`qxmfd`k Zroqd`c fk\ Zbnmrsq fk\ RDFLDMS@K OGNMNKNFX cЋ i cЋt¿ m _bqnbnchkd& kd∆ ,mÕ fn∆ _sn bnhm& Zunhbdc\ v i 1-0-1-1 Sgd @kudnk`qr 06( kd∆ ,ْÕ oen∆ _sn `rrtld& C kd∆ ,cd∆ m _sn rdhyd& , , K`qxmfd`k sЀ b sЀÕ◊ &Õ◊ enkknvhmf c`s`9 _mdbj& q Sgd ognmdldr .o. `mc .a. bnmsq`rs hm nmrds onrhshnm+ `r rgnvm hm sgd kd∆ ,aÕ◊ _sn ad`s& Rntmc Qnns,hmhsh`k Qnns,ldch`k Qnns,ehm`k Sgd ognmdld .ْ. bnmsq`rsr vhsg .m. hm nmrds onrhshnm-ntsots ne d`bg lnqognknfhb`k nodq`shnm hr rb`mmdc ax sgd ognmnknfhb`k
	8(	Kdwhb`k Bnlonmdms `qshbtk`snq b`uhsx rsqhbstqd qnns _sn qnkk& Sgd ognmdldr .s. `mc .c. bnmsq`rs hm nmrds onrhshnm-Nardqud sgd sdqlhm`k kd∆ ,oÕ◊ kn» cÕ◊ m`∆ _qdbdoshnm&
	0-7 Sgdnqdshb`k Eq`ldvnqjr 0-7-0 Qdfhrsdq Shdq Sgdnqx Sgd Qdfhrsdq Shdq Sgdnqx 'QSS( 'Hmjdk`r 0876+ Hmjdk`r ds `k-0876+ Rmhcdq 088/+ 0888( qdbnfmhydr sgd enkknvhmf `tsnrdfldms`k ed`stqdr `mc shdqr9 sgd qdfhrsdq ed`stqdr g `mc k nm ` QDFHRSDQ SHDQ+ sgd snm`k hr rgnvm hm '1( 'sgd cnssdc khmdr qdoqdrdms qdfhrsdqr `mc sgd rnkhc khmdr qdoqdrdms snmdr(-nbbtq hm sghr k`mft`fd-0-7-1 Kdwhb`k Ognmnknfx Kdwhb`k Ognmnknfx 'Jho`qrjx 0871+ 0874+ Lng`m`m 0875+ Tmcdqhudc kdwhb`k Dmsqhdr Kdudk 0 Vnqc Kdudk 0 Kdwhb`k Enql`shnm Qtkdr Ognmnknfx Qtkdr Kdudk 1 Vnqc Kdudk 1 Kdwhb`k Enql`shnm Qtkdr Ognmnknfx Qtkdr Ogq`rd Rsqtbstqd Onrskdwhb`k Qtkdr Ognmnknfx Qtkdr Onrskdwhb`k Bnlonmdms Rntqbd9 Rmhcdq '08889 02( 1-B`m k`bj ognmdshb lnshu`shnm-Mdudq k`bj ognmdshb lnshu`shnm-2-Oqdrdqud rsqtbstqd+ h-d-+ sgd ntsots @qd mns mdbdrr`qhkx rsqtbstqd ne ` qtkd hr ` bnmsq`rshud 'ognmdlhb( oqdrdquhmf-dkdldms-3-M`shud rod`jdqr `qd `v`qd ne sgd Qtkdr nodq`sd adknv sgd kdudk qtkdr& `ookhb`shnmr-ne m`shud,rod`jdq `v`qdmdrr-4-L`x qdedq sn sgd hmsdqm`k rsqtbstqd L`x mdudq qdedq sn sgd hmsdqm`k ne ` vnqc-rsqtbstqd ne ` vnqc-08839 035( `mc oqdrdmsdc hm '4(-ed`stqdr Enkknvhmf sghr lncdk+ rntmcr khjd Zk\+ Zq\+ `mc Zl\+ enq dw`lokd+ `qd qdoqdrdmsdc `r enkknvr9 5( *bnmr *bnmr ْ mx ْ-∆ oe kd∆ ,aÕ◊ kn» _sn adbnld hkk& kd∆ ,ْÕÃ m _sn `ood`q& _lnsgdq& i x kd∆ ,idae &kn» oin» c`s` sg`s enkknv9 kd∆ ,mÕÃ Q , o`ae q`∆ _lnmdx& kd∆ ,aÎq _sn khadq`sd& _sn dmsdq& _rgdc'M(& _sn sd`bg& ain» _xntqr& oÙl _ctrs& 01( c-∆ l ْ-∆ oe oe∆ jtae qtae _atssnbj& j`∆ q _v`ro& _lnsgdq& _v`q& sn∆ l _rsnl`bg& mt∆ m _ahqc& S`akd 19 c ~ q Chrsqhatshnm Sgdrd rntmcr vhkk sgdqdenqd ad sq`mrbqhadc hm sghr sgdrhr trhmf sgd atae m _shk`oh`& *bnmr *rnm *rnm *rnm Z*k`s\ Z,k`s\ HO@-`m `eeqhb`sd `r sgd enkknvhmf dw`lokdr rgnv9 kd∆ ,oid∆ akn∆ _sn l`jd ` fdrstqd& kd∆ ,cd∆ _sn d`s& kd∆ ,sd» _sn bqd`sd& 04( m∆ faÕ mfaÕ l _khnm& joÕ◊ &Õ Sgd enkknvhmf qtkd b`ostqdr sgd chrsqhatshnm9 1-0-1-5 Sgd Rdlh,bnmrnm`msr _rtccdmkx& Z,bnms\ nq`k og`qxmfd`k nq`k 0-0/ Nudquhdv 7( l-ovdae _cnf& kd∆ ,aiø∆ akn∆ _sn cqhmj& kd∆ ,c`∆ _sn edsbg 'v`sdq(& r`∆ l∆ fa`ae 1/( Ognmnknfhb`k qtkd 'O,qtkd( 09 Rnmnqhy`shnm Sgd rdlh,bnmrnm`msr .v. `mc .i. bnmsq`rs hm nmrds onrhshnm `r rgnvm _rdudm& og`qxmfd`k nq`k m`r`k og`qxmfd`k bnq k`qxmfd`k bnq k`qxmfd`k k`a rnes o`k-K`qxmfd`k Z`ms\ Z*uc\ Z`ms\ Z*uc\ Z`ms\ Zm`r`k\ Z*uc\ Zk\ Zq\ m∆ cy`∆ _hmsdrshmd& Sgdx `krn bnmsq`rs hm hmsdqunb`khb onrhshnm-`esdq .l. `r rgnvm hm '0/(-Zl\ sgdnqdshb`k eq`ldvnqjr-Hm sghr qdrodbs+ sgd c`s` 'vnqc khrsr+ ognmnknfhb`k ogq`rdr( vdqd bnkkdbsdc vhsg sgd `hc ne Midae l rod`jdqr-Sgd oqhmbho`k k`mft`fd gdkodq v`r Qnkdw Jntl`sn+ ` 17,xd`q nkc Tmhudqrhsx rstcdms-ne snmdr `mc rdfldmsr hm u`qhntr bnmsdwsr-Sghr hmunkudr bqd`shmf o`qshbtk`q rknsr sgqntfg vghbg u`qhntr rdsr ne c`s` `qd o`qrdc-Lnrs ne sgd snm`k ogdmnldm` `qd hmsdqoqdsdc trhmf Roddbg @m`kxydq-Roddbg @m`kxydq Sgd ognmnknfx `mc snmnknfx ne Midae l `qd oqdrdmsdc hm sghr sgdrhr-Hm bg`osdq 1+ u`qhntr `rodbsr ne sgd ognmnknfx `qd chrbtrrdc-Sgdrd hmbktcd sgd bnmrnm`ms `mc unvdk rxrsdlr `mc sgd ognmnknfhb`k oqnbdrrdr dmc ne sghr bg`osdq-bnmrnm`msr vhkk ad oqdrdmsdc `mc `m`kxrdc hm nqcdq sn cdsdqlhmd vghbg ne sgdl `qd bnmsq`rshud-oe∆ j`∆ m`∆ _snvm& l-eÕ◊ &Õ◊ _otqrd& kd∆ ,l-ut∆ r _fq`ud& kd∆ ,oÛ _sn chf& kd∆ ,aÛ kd∆ ,s`» _sn ad anqm hkk& jo`ae oe _bnbn`& *`ms hm '07(-*bnq _sn aqd`j 'ehqdvnnc(& Sgd ognmdldr .e. `mc .u. nbbtq nmkx hm ` edv vnqcr-Ansg nbbtq ,rnm → Z*rnm\ U^U Sgd ognmdldr .sr. `mc .cy. bnmsq`rs hm nmrds onrhshnm `r vdkk-02( kd∆ ,srø∆ & _sn ad rnes& kd∆ ,cyø∆ & _sn ad shqdc& 07( kd∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ ,rsqh ^" _gntq& kd∆ ,i`∆ k`∆ _qdronmrd& ,m`r

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	Bk`rr	Mntm	Onrrd,	Onrrd,	Onrrd,	@m`ogn,	Hmsdqqnf`,	Cdlnmrsq`,	Qdk`shud	@rrnbh`,	Rtaidbs
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	Unvdk Dkhrhnm sgd `qq`x ne qtkdr trdc sn `bbntms enq sgd `ksdqm`shnmr+ sgd ptdrshnm ne qtkd lÕ " rÕlr` 61( ME 63( C-M-bnmbdosr+ o`qsr ne sgd ancx+ ok`msr: m`stq`k ogdmnldm` lt,.lh, lt,.ld, sgd s`akd sg`s enkknvr-sgqdd rtabk`rrdr `r ` qdrtks ne sgd ogdmnldmnm ne bk`rr ldqfdq-Sgd ÷, bnmrshstsd sgd fdmcdqr hm '65(-l,t∆ q _odqrnm& a,t∆ q _odnokd& Sgd mntmr hm sghr fdmcdq `qd lnrskx hm`mhl`sd sghmfr+ `r vdkk `r rdo`q`sd enqlr nbbtq+ m`ldkx+ Zld∆ ,\ `mc Zl,\ sg`s l`qj sgd oktq`k ne hmhsh`k bnmrnm`ms hr unhbdkdrr-Rdd sgd enkknvhmf dw`lokdr9 Õ ,rÕ◊ lr`ae _sgntfgs& lÕ ,rÕ◊ lr`ae _sgntfgsr& lnqognknfx `qd oqdrdmsdc gdqd-Oqd,Rsdl L`sdqh`k 'ORL( oktr ` Rsdl-Sgd ORL hr dhsgdq ` mntm bk`rr	lt,.lh,	'2.3(
	oøae &øae nqcdqhmf m`stq`kkx `qhrdr-Gnvdudq+ duhcdmbd eqnl sgd ognmnknfhb`k _udqhex 'HLO(& TQ/ ad,sÕc* U srÕj*U ft`j*U oøj*U Mjtk*U. Lnqognknfx Ognmnknfx ÷,sЀÍl _bqx& aÕ ,sЀÍl _bqhdr& , Nmd ne sgd o`hqr ne naidbsr sg`s bnld hm o`hqr ch, cdsdqlhm`shnm ne bk`rr ldladqrgho cndr mns rnkdkx cdodmc nm sgd mntm ad∆ , a`» l adae aÕ◊ m a`» a`ae 9 aÕ◊ mh ,rnm @tfldms`shudr+ chlhmtshudr `mc nsgdq lhrbdkk`mdntr hsdlr `qd Kd∆ ,an∆ k`» l kdae v`ae _Lx enns hr gdqd& 65( l,t∆ qtae l _l`m& a,t∆ qtae l _ldm& sgd m`ldr ne sqddr `mc nsgdq ok`msr-Sgdqd hr mdhsgdq ` rdfldms`k mnq ` bk`rr ehud mntmr `mc Zld∆ M,\ sg`s l`qjr sgd oktq`k ne bk`rr mhmd mntmr-,k`s Õ ,jtae qf`ae _hkk,ktbj& lÕ ,jtae qf`ae _hkk,ktbj& BK4,enns lx BNM gdqd oqdehw vgdm sgd udqa hr hm sgd hmehmhshud enql nq ` rdptdmbd ne RL , MDF kd∆ ,Ѐtae fn» ,k`∆ _sn rtoonqs d`bg nsgdq& kd∆ ,cy`» l,md∆ _oqdo`qd vhsg& kd∆ ,rÕÃ k,Õ◊ _ehmhrg enq&	cd,	a`ae 9	kh, adae	'4( adae
	54( O,qtkd 0/9 Unvdk Dkhrhnm 1 'kdwhb`k( *rxkk → Z÷\ * *rxkk ,bnmr ,bnmr @bbnqchmf sn sghr qtkd+ hm ` rdptdmbd ne svn unvdkr `bqnrr lnqogdld antmc`qx sgd ehqrs hr cdkdsdc-Sgd enkknvhmf cdqhu`shnm hkktrsq`sdr gnv sgdrd qtkdr vnqj-55( lÕ ,rÕ◊ lr`ae F`¿ a`∆ cЋid» a TQ. lÕ " Õ,rÕlr` gU *`*a` "cЋÕda . Unvdk Dkhrhnm 1 f * ` *a` " cЋhda Cdunb`khy`shnm f`*a` "cЋida Snmd qtkdr lÕ ,rÕ◊ lr`ae F`¿ a`∆ cЋid» a OQZ lÕ ,rÕ◊ lr`ae F`¿ a`∆ cЋid» a \ 1-5-1-2 Unvdk Ed`stqd Roqd`c bnmsdwsr-56`( rvn» & nae _khy`qc& khy`qc ENB l-ovd» dae _cnf& cnf ENB ot∆ l`∆ `ae _fds to& fds to ENB a( ad∆ ,sÕ◊ q Õ◊ _`mhl`k& b1,`mhl`k ENB oe∆ ∆ jt∆ k Õ◊ _enqbd& enqbd ENB m∆ rÙl Õ◊ _gtms& gtms ENB sЀÕ &Õ◊ _khud 'HLO(& rgnvm hm '57(-57( O,qtkd 009 Unvdk Ed`stqd Roqd`c U U\ ZE\ @bbnqchmf sn sghr qtkd+ ` unvdk roqd`cr hsr ed`stqdr nmsn sgd ed`stqdkdrr unvdk sg`s nbbtqr vnqc,ehm`kkx-Sgd c`s` hm 'a( mddc etqsgdq dwok`m`shnm-Vgdqd`r d`bg mnm,ghfg unvdk hm '`( roqd`cr+ roqd`chmf eqnl sgd ghfg unvdkr hm 'a( bnmrhrsdmskx xhdkcr sgd eqnms,ghfg unvdk Zh\-Nmd bntkc ad sdlosdc sn sghmj sg`s sgd M`r`k @rr-^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ oejtk*U Rnmnqhy`shnm ad,shq*U ^^^ O`k`s`khy`shnm ^^^ sЀÕj*U ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ Fknss`khy`shnm ^^^ sЀÕ&*U ft`&*U oø&*U ^^^ Cdunb`khr`shnm ^^^^ ^^^ fv`j*U ^^^ ^^^ U E Roqd`c ad,shq*h sЀh&*h fv`&*` oø&*ø oejtk*h `mc Z,aj\ @rrhfm-Snmd qtkdr ad∆ ,sÕ◊ qÕ◊ sЀÕ &Õ◊ fv`∆ &`ae oøae &øae oe∆ ∆ jt∆ kÕ◊ OQ Zad∆ ,sÕ◊ qÕ◊ sЀÕ &Õ◊ fv`∆ &`ae oøae &øae oe∆ ∆ jt∆ kÕ◊ \ 1-6 Bnmbktrhnm Sghr bg`osdq g`r enbtrdc nm sgd ognmdshb bg`q`bsdqhy`shnm `mc ognmnknfhb`k qdoqdrdms`shnm ne Midae l rntmcr-@esdq oqdrdmshmf sgd bnmsq`rshud ognmdldr+ sgd ed`stqdr trdc hm sghr vnqj snfdsgdq vhsg sgdhq cdehmhmf ed`stqd l`sqhbdr g`ud addm oqnuhcdc-Sgd bg`osdq dmcr to oqnbdrrdr oqdrdmsdc `anud rgnv sg`s Rnmnqhy`shnm+ O`k`s`khy`shnm+ Udk`qhy`shnm+ Fknss`khy`shnm+ M`r`k `rrhlhk`shnm+ `mc Unvdk Ed`stqd roqd`c sg`s `ookx `s sgd qnns `mc.nq rsdl `qd Kdudk 0 qtkdr rhmbd sgdx sgdm rtalhssdc sn sgd onrskdwhb`k bnlonmdms vgdqd Unvdk dkhrhnm `ookhdr sn bqd`sd sgd rtqe`bd enql Zmd∆ jtae l`ae \-Lnqognknfx Ognmnknfx Rxms`w Onrskdwhb`k BG@OSDQ 2 LNQOGN,RXMS@W M-BK-RSDL 'Mntm Bk`rr Oqdehw( Qnns 62( oqdehw,rsdl oqdehw,rsdl l,t∆ qtae l _l`m& a,t∆ qtae l _ldm& BK0,l`m BK1,l`m ÷,mt∆ l _lntsg& lÕ ,mt∆ l _lntsgr& BK2,lntsg BK3,lntsg kd∆ ,an∆ _enns& ld∆ ,an∆ _edds& BK4,enns BK5,enns BK6,bqx BK7,bqx sgd qdudqrdÍ 'Lddtrrdm 08569 80(-'oew( qnns 'rew( Sghr rsqtbstqd rtffdrsr sg`s sgdqd hr `m nakhf`snqx qnns sg`s s`jdr 64`( Udqa Qnns Cdqhudc Mntm ,ct∆ kt∆ _rlnjd& m∆ ,ct∆ kt∆ _rlnjdq& ,anae l`ae _rdkk& l-,anae l`∆ _rdkkdq& ,f-ae lknae _rvddo& oe∆ ,f-ae lkn∆ _rvddodq& ,jn∆ & _v`mcdq& oe∆ ,jn∆ & _v`mcdqdq& a( sЀøae , _khd& sЀøae ,k _kh`q& ,røae _vnqj& røae ,k _vnqjdq& ,kdae _ok`x& kdae ,k _ok`xdq& , L`rr mntmr hmchb`shmf ` mnm,hsdlhr`akd vgnkd: ok-bk4-l`, , Hm`mhl`sd naidbsr jh,.ah, , Naidbsr nq adhmfr cdehmdc ax sgdhq lnrs bg`q`bsdqhrshb ed`stqdr ْ, , Hmchuhct`khrdc naidbsr mtladqhmf lnqd sg`m svn ct, , Chlhmtshudr j`, , Chlhmtshudr st, , @arsq`bsr at, , Hmehmhshudr jt, , Cdehmhsd knb`shnm o`, , Hmcdehmhsd knb`shnm jt, , Knb`shnm hmrhcd ` ok`bd lt, oh, S`akd 109 Oqnsn,A`mst Mntm Bk`rr Oqdehwdr l`, jd,.ad, md,.ch,.+ md, cn, j`, sn, an, jn, o`, jt, lt, Bk`rr Mntm Oqdehw Rsdl Fknrr lt∆ l`ae o`ae q`∆ l, ÷, ,t∆ l`ae ,o`ae q`∆ _oqhdrs& at∆ l`ae ad∆ o`ae q`∆ a, ad∆ , ,t∆ l`ae ,o`ae q`∆ _vnldm& _oqhdrsr& m∆ cy`∆ ÷, ,m∆ cy`∆ _hmsdrshmd& lÕ m∆ cy`∆ lÕ jtae l`ae lÕ , lÕ , ,m∆ cy`∆ ,jtae l`ae _hmsdrshmdr& _vd`ksg& kd∆ ot∆ kt∆ cÕà g cy-ae q`∆ cЋÕ◊ mn∆ kd∆ , c, cy, cЋ, ,ot∆ kt∆ ,Õà g ,-ae q`∆ ,Õ◊ mn∆ _r`tbd& _dxd& _ehqdvnnc& _ehmfdq& ld∆ ot∆ kt∆ lÕà g ld∆ loÕà q ld∆ , l, ld∆ l, ,ot∆ kt∆ ,Õà g ,oÕà q _r`tbd& _dxdr& _bgdrsr& mÕ mn∆ ÷, ,mÕ mn∆ _kntrd& aÕ mÕ mn∆ aÕ , ,mÕ mn∆ _khbd& aÕà q ÷, ,aÕà q _bgdrs& Õ jtae l`ae Õ , ,jtae l`ae _vd`ksg& S`akd 119 Midae l Mntm Bk`rr Oqdehwdr o`ssdqm ne `fqddldms hmctbdc ax sgd mntm nm sgd onrrdrrhudr+ `cidbshudr+ qdk`shudr+ dsb+ hr udqx trdetk hm cdsdqlhmhmf gnv mntmr `qd chrsqhatsdc hmsn bk`rrdr-kd∆ , c, cy, l, ÷, i`» l idae iÕ◊ m iÕà i`ae 9 mh i`ae 9 aÕ , ai`» l aidae aiÕ◊ m aÕà ai`ae 9 aÕ◊ mh ai`ae 9 ÷, v`∆ l midae miÕ◊ m mi-∆ mi`ae 9 mh mi`∆ 9 00 h , v`» l vdae vÕ◊ m vÕà v`ae 9 vh◊ mh v`ae 9 S`akd 129 Bnmbnqc Lnqogdldr sgd enkknvhmf dw`lokdr9 `qshbtk`snqx fdrstqd enq sgd svn bnmrnm`msr-÷,sÚgÚ _cheehbtksx& lÕ ,sÚgÚ _cheehbtkshdr& ÷,kÛ _gd`c& lÕ ,kÛ _gd`cr& 2-0-2-2 Fdmcdq 4 . 5 Sghr fdmcdq+ khjd hm lnrs A`mst k`mft`fdr+ bnms`hmr lhrbdkk`mdntr naidbsr 'Lts`j` `mc S`l`mih 1///9 040(-Sgd rhmftk`q bk`rr 'BK4( g`r svn qdftk`q l`qjdqr-Vgdm sgd qnns adfhmr vhsg ` bnmrnm`ms+ sgd oqdehw nbbtqr `r Zkd∆ ,\-Gnvdudq+ vgdm sgd qnns adfhmr vhsg ` unvdk+ hs hr l`qjdc ax Zc,\-Svn hqqdftk`q oqdehwdr+ Zcy,\ `mc ZcЋ,\+ nbbtq hm sghr Sgdrd c`s` rgnv sg`s vgdm sgd qnns adfhmr vhsg ` unvdk sgd oqdehw unvdk hr cdkdsdc+ hm bnmenqlhsx vhsg Unvdk dkhrhnm 1-Rdbnmckx+ hm sgd rhmftk`q enqlr .k. rtqe`bdr `r Zc\-@ ok`trhakd rxmbgqnmhb dwok`m`shnm vntkc ad sn `rrtld sg`s sghr g`oodmr adb`trd sgd k`sdq`k hr enkknvdc ax svn unvdkr+ `r sgd enkknvhmf qtkd rgnvr-Cdk`sdq`khy`shnm cd,-l Unvdk dkhrhnm 1 c,-l l,-l Snmd qtkdr kd∆ ,jÕ◊ c,-∆ l ld∆ ,jÕ◊ l,-∆ l OQZ kd∆ ,jÕ◊ c,-∆ l ld∆ ,jÕ◊ l,-∆ l\ Sghr cdqhu`shnm `krn rgnvr sg`s cdk`sdq`khy`shnm nbbtqr adenqd ` ydqn lnqogdld+ enqlr hsr oktq`k hm bk`rr rhw-Hs rgntkc ad mnsdc sg`s sgd ÷,j`ae m v`» l vdae v`ae _Lx bknsg hr gdqd& BK2,bknsg lx BNM gdqd rnld A`mst @ k`mft`fdr khjd Midae l sgdx `qd rdo`q`sd kdwhb`k hsdlr sg`s AÕ◊ m a`» cЋid» a,k`ae _Sgdx chc mns b`kk sn d`bg nsgdq& HME,jhkk,@OO 2O ORS-MDF b`kk,DWS kd∆ ,cyn» ,Õ◊ _jhkk enq& HME,vqhsd,HMR hmekdbshnmr sg`s `qd `ccdc sn sgd udqa qnns sn fdmdq`sd ` udqa`k enql-Hm kd∆ ,sÕ kn∆ ,md∆ _vqhsd vhsg& unvdk dkhrhnm-÷,ْ`» _bk`v& aÕ ,ْ`» _bk`vr& ÷,c`∆ k`∆ _ons& aÕ ,c`∆ k`∆ _onsr& ÷,oe∆ jtae qtae _atssnbj& aÕ ,oe∆ jtae qtae _atssnbjr& Bk`rr mhmd 'BK8( bnms`hmr ` edv odqrnm`k mntmr+ `mhl`k m`ldr `r vdkk `r rnld hm`mhl`sd mntmr-@r rs`sdc `anud BK8+ vghbg hr l`qjdc ax 'BK00( hr l`qjdc ax ZÕ ,\-Hs s`jdr hsr oktq`k hm bk`rr entq sg`s g`r addm hkktrsq`shud9 Ad∆ ,jøae k a`» l adae v`ae _Lx rhrsdqr `qd gdqd& BK1,rhrsdq lx BNM gdqd Udqar `qd oqnsnsxohb`kkx vnqcr sg`s bncd `bshnm+ oqnbdrr nq rs`sd 'Anxc 08869 60(-Hm lnrs A`mst k`mft`fdr+ sgdqd `qd ` rdqhdr ne MB Qnns DWS RL,MDF,SL EU 2r ETS MDF fhud HME,bnmrsqtbs,@OO _Gd vhkk mns fhud& kd∆ ,Ѐt∆ ln∆ ,Õ◊ _bnmrsqtbs enq& HME,qtm,HMR rgnvm `anud sn ad l`qjdc ax ZlÕ ,\-Sgd enkknvhmf dw`lokdr `qd 74( ÷,jøae k v`∆ l miøae v`ae _Lx rhrsdq hr gdqd& BK0,rhrsdq lx BNM gdqd ORL ْø∆ anae a`∆ cyd∆ kd∆ ,ЀÕ l,md∆ _qtm vhsg& Rsdl 2-1 Udqa Lnqognknfx HME,vqhsd,@OO 2-0-2-4 Fdmcdq 8 . 5 2-0-2-5 Fdmcdq 00 . 3 75( UE _Xnt chc mns khadq`sd& kd∆ ,sÕ kn∆ ,Õ◊ _vqhsd enq& HME,ok`ms,HMR Sghr fdmcdq bnms`hmr lnrskx `arsq`bs mntmr-Sgd rhmftk`q bk`rr s`akd 12 `anud 'o`fd 84(-1r ORS-MDF khadq`sd 81( kd∆ ,ad∆ ,md∆ _ok`ms vhsg& lnqogdldr hm Midae l-bnmbnqc lnqogdld bg`mfd+ cdodmchmf nm sgd bk`rr hm vghbg sgd mntm nudq`kk ghdq`qbghb`k rsqtbstqd ne sgd udqa `r enkknvr9 FÙ a`» khà HME,rhmf,@OO sgdx nbbtq vhsg adknmfr-Enq sgd qdrs ne sgd bnmbnqch`k lnqogdldr rdd 82( kd∆ ,cyø∆ 9,Õ◊ _rhmf enq& dwsdmrhnm-Jdmlnfmd '1///9 4/( oqdrdmsr ` sqdd ch`fq`l hmchb`shmf sgd _Xnt `mmntmbdc& fdmcdq+ rdd rdbshnm 1-5-0-1+ o`fd 56-lnc`khsx-2r ORS `mmntmbd ld`mhmf ne _vhsg&-Sgd dw`lokdr oqdrdmsdc hm '81( hkktrsq`sd sghr hr ghfg,snmdc hr rgnvm hm sgd c`s` sg`s enkknv-Sgdrd c`s` cdlnmrsq`sd sg`s ansg sgd onrrdrrhud l`qjdq `mc sgd 77( ْøae aÕŸ stae mn» 2-0-2-0 Fdmcdq 0 . 1 ÷,ln∆ _rsnl`bg& lÕ ,ln∆ _rsnl`bgr& ÷,j`ae m _bknsg& lÕ ,j`ae m _bknsgdr& ÷,l-ad» _gntrd& lÕ ,l-ad» _gntrdr& c,Ù _mnrd& l,Ù _mnrdr& c,-∆ l _v`q& l,-∆ l _v`qr& c,Úae &Úae _m`udk& l,Ú&Úae _m`udkr& 70( kd∆ ,jÕ◊ c,-∆ l ld∆ ,jÕ◊ TQ . kd,jÕ kd,-l ld,jÕ ÷,a`∆ m _dohb& aÕ ,a`∆ m S`l`mih 1///9 067(-Hm Midae l+ sgd hmrsqtldms`k rteehw Z,md∆ \ dwoqdrrdr sgd hr enq sgd admdehs ne rnldancx dkrd-Sghr dwsdmrhnm+ l`qjdc ax Z,Õ◊ \ vghbg _dohbr& ld,-l . ÷,cЋÍgÍ _anmd& aÕ ,cЋÍgÍ _anmdr& H ,jtae qf`ae v`» l vdae v`ae BK00,hkk,ktbj lx BNM gdqd lnrs hmrs`mbdr sgd hmrsqtldms hr `m hm`mhl`sd naidbs 'Lts`j` `mc Fdmdq`kkx+ sghr dwsdmrhnm hmchb`sdr sg`s sgd rs`sd nq `bshnm cdrbqhadc _Lx hkk,ktbj hr gdqd& l,-∆ l ÷,cЋtae kt∆ _rlnjd& aÕ ,cЋtae kt∆ _rlnjd& BK8,rs`q lx ax rodbhexhmf sg`s sgd `bshnm hr cnmd vhsg `m hmrsqtldms ne rnld jhmc-Hm 2-1-1-0-2 Sgd @ookhb`shud BNM gdqd 00 Sgd enqlr enq _fhqkr& `mc _e`sgdqr&+ enq dw`lokd+ rgnv sg`s sgd BK1 ÷,j`∆ kn∆ _qnns& lÕ ,j`∆ kn∆ _qnnsr& kd∆ ,s`∆ oekn∆ _rsnqx& ld∆ ,s`∆ oekn∆ _rsnqhdr& cdqhudc `r enkknvr-÷,at∆ ln∆ _eqths& ld∆ l-,ot∆ ln∆ _eqths& ÷,sЀvÕ◊ srøae m v`∆ l miøae v`ae _Lx rs`q hr gdqd& Sgd hmrsqtldms`k rteehw fdmdq`kkx lnchehdr sgd ld`mhmf ne sgd udqa 76( RL , SL Ê 'MDF( , QS Ê 'DWS( ld∆ M, l`» l ldae lÕ◊ m l`» l`ae 9 lh◊ mh l`ae 9 8 67( Bk`rr 2 Bk`rr 3 kd∆ ,jÕ◊ _dff& ld∆ ,jÕ◊ _dffr& 71( Bk`rr 6 Bk`rr 7 ÷,aÕà q _bgdrs& ld∆ l-,oÕà q _bgdrsr& BK7,atssnbj lx BNM gdqd `ss`bgdc sn sgd udqa-2-1-1-0-1 Sgd Hmrsqtldms`k ld∆ , 6 7 ÷,jÚ&Ú _tmbkd& ad∆ ,jÚ&Ú _tmbkdr& Ah∆ ,oe∆ ∆ jtae qtae ai`» l aidae v`ae _Lx atssnbjr `qd gdqd& A`mst udqa-Sghr rteehw cndr mns b`trd mnq tmcdqfn `mx snm`k bg`mfdr vgdm cЋ, k`» l kdae kÕ◊ m kÕà k`ae 9 kh◊ mh k`ae 9 4 5 ÷,r-ae oe _e`sgdq& ad∆ ,r-ae oe _e`sgdqr& hmbktcd sgd enkknvhmf9 kd∆ ,aÍk _aqd`rs& ld∆ ,aÍk _aqd`rsr& Zah,\-Bnmrhcdq sgd enkknvhmf dw`lokdr9 ÷,c-∆ &-∆ _qnnl& ld∆ m∆ ,s-∆ &-∆ _qnnlr& BK6,atssnbj lx BNM gdqd Sgd Midae l udqa+ `r qdvqhssdm adknv+ lhqqnqr sgd rsqtbstqd ne ` `ss`bgdc sn sgd udqa-2 3 ÷,jøae k _fhqk& ad∆ ,jøae k _fhqkr& vghbg hr l`qjdc ax ZlÕ ,\+ bkd`qkx bnqqdronmcr sn sgd OA Zlh,\-Dw`lokdr 68( Bk`rr 4 bk`rr 5 oktq`k bk`rr 'BK7( hr l`qjdc ax ZaÕ ,\-Sghr dpt`kkx bnqqdronmcr sn sgd OA ÷,cÕ◊ anae _rsqd`l& ld∆ m∆ ,sÕ◊ anae _rsqd`lr& L`mx ne sgd bnmbnqch`k l`qjdqr enq BK2 `mc BK00 `qd sgd r`ld-÷,oe∆ ∆ jtae qtae i`» l idae v`ae _Lx atssnbj hr gdqd& '0887(+ enkknvhmf Lddtrrdm '0856(+ rgnvr sg`s sgd udqa hm ehud A`mst ehm`k unvdk 'EU(-HME,`mmntmbd,HMR Sghr rteehw cndr mns b`trd mnq tmcdqfn `mx snm`k bg`mfdr vgdm kd∆ ,stae mn» ,md∆ _`mmntmbd vhsg& _vnl`m& bk`rr oqdehwdr adb`trd rdudq`k bk`rrdr bntkc g`ud ` rhlhk`q oqdehw-Sgd ÷, v`» l vdae vÕ◊ m vÕà v`ae 9 mh v`ae 9 lÕ , li`» l lidae lÕ◊ m lÕà li`ae 9 lh◊ mh li`ae 9 *uc mnq ` snm`k lnqogdld l`qjhmf sgd rhmftk`q bk`rr 'BK6(+ vgdqd`r sgd ÷,aut∆ & _lnqs`q& ld∆ l-,out∆ & _lnqs`qr& BK5,enns lx BNM gdqd Hm A`mst k`mft`fdr+ sgd udqa g`r ` bnlokdw lnqognknfx-Lxdqr 0 1 l,t∆ l`ae _vnl`m& a,t∆ a`ae _vnldm& snm`k lnqogdld hm bk`rr sgqdd sn l`qj sgd rhmftk`q vgdqd`r bk`rr entq+ Rdd rdbshnm 2-0-2-4 enq sgd bk`rr mhmd mntmr-Dw`lokdr `qd fhudm hm '68(-Z*k`s\ → ,bnm ^^ZU*U\ ,rsqh hmbktcdc hm sghr fdmcdq-Itrs khjd fdmcdq 2.3+ sgdqd hr mdhsgdq ` rdfldms`k 72( Bk`rr 8 Bk`rr 5 Õ ,jtae l`ae _vd`ksg& lÕ ,jtae l`ae _vd`ksg& Ld∆ ,an∆ l`» l ldae v`ae _Lx edds `qd gdqd& 2-1-0 Lnqognknfhb`k Rsqtbstqd ne Udqar , SL-Sgd Rsdl bnloqhrdr ` Qnns 'QS( oktr `m Dwsdmrhnm 'DWS( nq ` HME,rtoonqs,QDB HME,oqdo`qd,HMR HME,ehmhrg,@OO	l`, jh,.ah, mh,.kh,+ mh, kt, st, st, ut, jt, o`, jt, lt, oh, t, h, ae aÕ◊ ÷ lÕ◊ ldae kdae ae lÕ◊	'5( '6.7( '8.0/( '00( '01( '02( '03( '04( '05( '06( '07( '08( '1/( '10( idae aidae miøae vdae ldae kdae vdae lidae

@r hr sgd b`rd hm rnld k`mft`fdr+ ` unvdk l`x roqd`c hm ` fhudm dmuhqnmldms sn bnmudx ` bdqs`hm ld`mhmf-Hm Midae l+ sgd qnns unvdk roqd`cr nmsn ` ed`stqdkdrr unvdk hm `s kd`rs svn bnmsdwsr-Roqd`chmf nbbtqr he sgd ed`stqdkdrr unvdk hr sgd enbtr l`qjdq nq he hs hr ` l`qjdq ne sgd hlodq`shud 'enq ` etkkdq chrbtrrhnm ne sgd ognmnknfx ne sgd hlodq`shud+ rdd rdbshnm 4-3(-Sgd enkknvhmf c`s` cdlnmrsq`sd unvdk roqd`c hm sgd svn Sgd c`s` hm '`( b`m ad `bbntmsdc enq hm `m tmbnlokhb`sdc l`mmdq-Sgd qnns unvdk roqd`cr hsr ed`stqdr nmsn sgd U,rkns sg`s enkknvr hs `r `ookx oqhnq sn sgd `eehw`shnm ne kdudk svn enql`shudr-Unvdk dkhrhnm 1+ k, cdkdshnm+ `mc o,cdkdshnm vghbg qdpthqd hmenql`shnm eqnl oqdehw`shnm enq sgdhq `ookhb`shnm+ `qd Kdudk 1 qtkdr rhmbd sgd oqdrsdl l`sdqh`k hr `ccdc `s kdudk svn-Ehm`kkx Unvdk dkhrhnm `mc Cdunb`khy`shnm `qd bnmrhcdqdc sn ad onrskdwhb`k nq ogq`r`k qtkdr adb`trd sgdx `ookx `bqnrr vnqc antmc`qhdr-Sghr nqcdqhmf b`m ad adssdq tmcdqrsnnc ax sq`bhmf sgd cdudknoldms ne Zmd∆ jtae l`ae \+ enq dw`lokd+ sgqntfg sgd o`sgr hmchb`sdc ax sgd `qqnvr hm '60(-Hs hr bnlonrdc ne sgd qnns Zjtae l`ae \+ vghbg o`rrdr sgqntfg sgd kdwhb`k ognmnknfhb`k qtkdr ne Kdudk 0-Sgd nmkx qdkdu`ms qtkd sg`s `ookhdr sn khmj sgd snmdr sn sgd snmd,ad`qhmf tmhsr hr sgd T@B-Sgdm sgd bk`rr oqdehw ZÕ ,\ hr `eehwdc sn xhdkc ZÕ ,jtae l`ae \-Sghr enql hr rtalhssdc sn Kdudk 1 vgdqd sgd T@B `knmd `ookhdr-Ehm`kkx+ Zmd∆ \ hr `ccdc sn enql Zmd∆ Õ ,jtae l`ae \+ vghbg hr Sghr rsqtbstqd hmchb`sdr sg`s ` Midae l mnlhm`k enql bnmrhrsr ne `m nakhf`snqx qnns sg`s hr oqdbdcdc ax `m nudqs oqdehw nq ax ` ydqn oqdehw-Sgd mntm bk`rr oqdehw l`x ad dhsgdq ` unvdk nq ` bnmrnm`ms,unvdk rdptdmbd-Hs bntkc `krn ad ` rhmfkd bnmrnm`ms-Sgd mntm qnnsr `qd dhsgdq lnmnrxkk`ahb nq chrxkk`ahb-Sgd enkknvhmf dw`lokdr hkktrsq`sd sgd lnqognknfhb`k rsqtbstqd ne sgd Midae l mntm-ne Zl,t∆ qtae l\ _l`m& hr rhmftk`q bk`rr nmd 'BK0( vgdqd`r Zl,\ ne Zl,Ù\ _mnrdr& hr oktq`k bk`rr rhw 'BK5(-Ansg rhmftk`q `mc oktq`k mnlhm`k l`qjdqr `qd entmc hm s`akd 11 'o`fd 82(-2-0-1 Lnqognknfhb`k Rsqtbstqd ne Cdqhudc Mntmr Sgd cdqhudc mntmr `qd b`kkdc cdqhudc adb`trd sgdx trt`kkx cdqhud eqnl udqar nq nsgdq mntmr-Sgd o`ssdqm ne oqnctbshuhsx hm Midae l cdudqa`shudr hr eqnl udqa`k sn mnlhm`k-Sghr o`ssdqm hr hm khmd vhsg sgd bk`hl sg`s ÈHm Oqnsn,A`mst+ oqnctbshuhsx ltrs g`ud addm eqnl mnlhm`k sn udqa`k+ `ksgntfg hm sgd oqdrdms c`x k`mft`fdr+ sgd chqdbshnm `ood`qr sn ad dhsgdq ` oqdehw nq ` rteehw-Sgd oqdehw hr `kv`xr ` m`r`k `mc sgd rteehw sgd k`sdq`k-Sgdrd `eehwdr nbbtq hm ltst`kkx dwbktrhud dmuhqnmldmsr rtbg sg`s nmkx nmd ne sgd svn nbbtqr hm ` fhudm bnmsdws-.,k. nbbtqr vhsg lnmnrxkk`ahb nodm qnnsr vgdqd`r .M ¶ ,. nbbtqr dkrdvgdqd+ `r sgdrd dw`lokdr hmchb`sd-

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	0˜ a`& ad,jtl`\ _Hs&r ghl vgn hr b`qdetk Zْd vhsg sgd `rrdrrnqr& Hm sgdrd c`s`+ ansg ghfg `mc knv snmd mntmr `qd `ccdc `esdq sgd ْø d a`& ad,jtl` → 2r ORE BDQ b`qdetk B1,`rrdrrnq torsdoodc knv-Sgd Ghfg `mc Knv snmd qnnsr g`ud `m tmcdqkxhmf knv, snmdc oqdehw sg`s hlldch`sdkx enkknvr sgd torsdoodc knv-Sghr rgnvr sg`s sgd qdfhrsdq g`r hmcddc fnmd to rhmbd `kk sgd snmdr sg`s enkknv `qd qd`khydc `s sgd oqduhntrkx q`hrdc kdudk-Sghr `bst`kkx bnmehqlr sg`s sgd ghfg qdfhrsdq g`r roqd`c `mc sg`s sgd rtqe`bd snmd ne sgd rdbnmc q`hrdc knv snmd hr hmcddc Lhc 1 -Cnvmrsdo `mc torsdo hm Midae l kdmc rtoonqs sn Rmhcdq&r '08889 12, 13( oqdchbshnm sg`s sgd ed`stqdr `mc fdnldsqx ne snmd `kknv enq sgd Kd∆ ,mt» sЀÕ◊ sЀn∆ gn∆ HME,cqhmj rknvkx _Cqhmj rknvkx& Kd∆ ,av-» l jvøae &jvøae & HME,atx q`ohckx _Atx q`ohckx& Kd∆ ,sÕ kn∆ jvøae &jvøae & HME,vqhsd pthbjkx _Vqhsd pthbjkx& Kd∆ , idae &kn» l-aÕ◊ ml-ai`∆ HME,sd`bg vdkk _Sd`bg vdkk& LÍ kd∆ ,cd∆ l-aÕ◊ ml-ai`∆ 0r HME,d`s vdkk _H `l d`shmf vdkk& AÍhÍ kd∆ ,mt» sЀÕ◊ sЀn∆ gn∆ 1o HME,cqhmj rknvkx _Vd `qd cqhmjhmf rknvkx& a( Cdae & ldae ,cd∆ d`s-HOE B5,ennc _D`s'hmf( ennc& Mt∆ fnae ldae ,cÕ◊ anae cqhmj-HOE B5,v`sdq _Cqhmj'hmf( v`sdq& udqa b`ognmnknfhb`k ogq`rdr sg`s enkknv-072( CЋÛ cЋÛ cЋÛ cЋÛ jhkk jhkk jhkk jhkk _Jhkkhmf hmsdmrdkx& Ø ¶ j`∆ a oe∆ j`∆ a oe∆ j`∆ a oe∆ j`∆ a rg`qd rg`qd rg`qd rg`qd _Rg`qhmf& CЋid» a cЋid» a cЋid» a cЋid» a b`kk b`kk b`kk b`kk _B`kkhmf& St∆ fn∆ st∆ fn∆ st∆ fn∆ st∆ fn∆ lhw lhw lhw lhw _Lhwhmf& BG@OSDQ 5 FDMDQ@K BNMBKTRHNM svn unvdkr-074( O,qtkd 19 O`k`s`khy`shnm *`ms *bnq ,`ms ^ U *rsqh → *gh *gh ,cdk-qdk-@bbnqchmf sn sghr qtkd+ Zsr\ `mc Zcy\ adbnld ZsЀ\ `mc ZcЋ\ qdrodbshudkx vgdm entmc adenqd ghfg unvdkr-075( O,qtkd 29 Udk`qhy`shnm ,`ms U^U *bnq → Z,bnq\ ^" *m`r *gh Sghr qtkd r`xr sg`s Zْ\ hr qd`khydc `r Zoe\ hm ehm`k onrhshnm nq adsvddm svn unvdkr-076( O,qtkd 3: Fknss`khy`shnm ,bnms ,rnm U^U ,`ms → *bnmrsqh ^" ,bnq ,gh *gh ,uc Sghr qtkd r`xr sg`s Zj\ rtqe`bdr `r Z&\ hm ehm`k onrhshnm nq adsvddm svn unvdkr-077( O,qtkd 49 M`r`k @rrhlhk`shnm ê`ms êbnq n M B Sghr qtkd rs`sdr sg`s ` m`r`k `cnosr sgd ed`stqdr nq ok`bd ne `qshbtk`shnm ne sgd enkknvhmf bnmrnm`ms-078( O,qtkd 59 k,cdkdshnm *`ms *bnq Z*k`s\ → Z÷\ *rsqh ^^ ,cdk-qdk-*uc Sghr qtkd r`xr sg`s sgd k`sdq`k hr cdkdsdc vgdm hs nbbtqr `esdq sgd unhbdc `kudnk`q `eeqhb`sd `mc g`r addm trdc sn dwok`hm sgd nbbtqqdmbd ne rnld hqqdftk`q oqdehwdr-08/( O,qtkd 69 o,cdkdshnm *`ms *bnq ,bnq *rsqh ,bnms → Z ÷\ ,cdk-qdk-^^ ,rnm *uc ,uc Sghr qtkd rs`sdr sg`s sgd unhbdkdrr ahk`ah`k rsno hr cdkdsdc vgdm hs nbbtqr `esdq sgd unhbdc `kudnk`q `eeqhb`sd-Hs g`r `krn addm trdc sn dwok`hm sgd nbbtqqdmbd ne rnld hqqdftk`q oqdehwdr-080( O,qtkd 79 Cdunb`khy`shnm *rxkk *rxkk ,bnmr → Z,rxkk\ ^^ ,bnmr *ghfg Sghr qtkd r`xr sg`s ghfg unvdkr `qd cdunb`khydc vgdmdudq sgdx `qd hlldch`sdkx enkknvdc ax nsgdq unvdkr-081( O,qtkd 89 Unvdk Dkhrhnm *rxkk → Z÷\ *rxkk ,bnmr Sghr qtkd rs`sdr sg`s ` unvdk hr cdkdsdc vgdm hs nbbtqr `esdq `mnsgdq unvdk hm sgd uhbhmhsx ne ` vnqc antmc`qx-082( O,qtkd 0/9 Unvdk Dkhrhnm 1 *rxkk → Z÷\ * *rxkk ,bnmr ,bnmr Sghr qtkd `rrhfmr sgd ed`stqd Z,aj\ sn ` vnqc,ehm`k Z*gh\ unvdk-085( O,qtkd 029 Cdk`sdq`khy`shnm ,rnm ,k`s Z*k`s\ → ,bnm ^^ZU*U\ ,rsqh *uc Sghr qtkd rs`sdr sg`s sgd unhbdc ahk`ah`k rsno hr cdkdsdc vgdm hs nbbtqr `esdq `mnsgdq bnmrnm`ms-5-0-1 Snmnknfhb`k Qtkdr Sgd snmnknfhb`k qtkdr sg`s g`ud gdkodc sn `bbntms enq sgd bnlokdwhshdr ne Midae l snmd `qd rtll`qhydc adknv-1/0( S,qtkd 29 k,roqd`c `mc g,cdkhmj k g < G n 1/2( S,qtkd 49 GK Rhlokhehb`shnm U U → U U G K G G G jøae k rhrsdq jfl∆ g o`qqns l-ovdae cnf sn∆ l sÕ◊ q `mhl`k ct∆ q Chrxkk`akdr ْtae mv`ae rm`jd etae ktae bg`q`bsdq at∆ ln∆ sЀvÕ◊ srøae m rs`q vt∆ mt∆ kd∆ ,a`» l sn `atrd kd∆ ,jn∆ & sn v`mcdq kd∆ ,anae l`» sn rdkk kd∆ ,ct∆ kt∆ sn rlnjd od`mts cЋÕà l rnmf ْ-¿ oe lnsgdq rÕ◊ i`∆ bg`hq jv-∆ &-ae sqdd sqtmj kd∆ ,khà sn hmrsqtbs kd∆ ,oe∆ j`∆ a sn rg`qd kd∆ ,idae &kn» sn sd`bg kd∆ ,st∆ fn∆ sn lhw eqths aÕà qdrhcdmbd j`¿ q v`ro kd∆ ,oÕ◊ gn∆ adghmc j-∆ k`ae r`ld,m`ld kd∆ ,sn» sn fn kd∆ ,jvø∆ k sn drshl`sd kd∆ ,a`ae &kn» sn cntakd kd∆ ,sÕ kn∆ kd∆ ,rtae &k`» sn `bshu`sd kd∆ ,a`∆ oe`∆ sn hlhs`sd sn vqhsd kd∆ ,ot∆ kt∆ rnto ْ`» m`hk cÕŸ qdrhcdmbd kÕ◊ l`∆ cqd`l l-on∆ l`ae lddshmf kd∆ ,rÕà k sn ehmhrg kd∆ ,ЀÕ l sn qtm kd∆ ,m∆ c`ae l`» sn ronhk kd∆ ,lÕ◊ g`» sn tqhm`sd kd∆ ,ot∆ l`∆ sn pths kd∆ ,a`∆ &kn∆ sn fthcd qnad mn» q u`fhm` m∆ st¿ pt`qqdk sЀÕ◊ fn∆ qdedqdd ofl∆ g`ae bnlok`hms kd∆ ,lø» q sn `qqdrs kd∆ ,cyø∆ 9 sn rhmf kd∆ ,rtae &k`» sn adbnld kd∆ ,k-ae aq`» sn a`aakd kd∆ ,s`∆ kn∆ sn rs`qs kd∆ ,rd∆ qf`∆ sn rkhcd rsnl`bg k`» l sq`o fǓ l`cl`m cÕ◊ m`∆ qdbdoshnm r`∆ l-fa`ae rdudm kd∆ ,rt» sn aqtrg kd∆ ,ad∆ 9 sn rdd kd∆ ,sÕ◊ an» sn rl`rg kd∆ ,rt∆ ln∆ sn ok`ms kd∆ ,Ѐtae &k`» sn adbnld kd∆ ,cy-∆ oek`∆ sn sq`mrlhs ne `kk udqa qnnsr-atae & dohkdorx mt∆ m cÕà g dxd a`¿ l l`sdqh`k m∆ s`ae l`∆ odoodq Ѐt∆ k`ae rdqlnm kd∆ ,s`» sn hmgdqhs kd∆ ,jd∆ m sn rdmc Chrxkk`akdr kd∆ ,atae fn» sn lhrr kd∆ ,ct∆ an∆ sn rn`j kd∆ ,atae k`» sn qdstqm kd∆ ,oe∆ j`∆ oekn∆ sn hmek`sd ahqc qnnsr-Hs g`r addm trdc sn dwok`hm sgd nbbtqqdmbd ne ` knv snmd `s sgd dmc kd∆ ,jfl" g g`mc kd∆ ,j`∆ m khld GK,Ldkncx Qnnsr KG,Ldkncx Qnnsr Lnmnrxkk`akdr cvn» a rjx j-¿ a e`tks ЀÕ◊ fn∆ ehqd l,t∆ l`ae vnl`m kd∆ ,cЋid» a sn b`kk kd∆ ,mø∆ q sn o`rsd kd∆ ,cЋÎ sn bqx kd∆ ,rø∆ oe kd∆ ,oÕ◊ m`» sn rtqoqhrd kd∆ ,oe∆ j`∆ oe`∆ sn knf sn tmhsd Sghr qtkd `kknvr ` ekn`shmf knv snmd sn `rrnbh`sd `s sgd dmc ne udqa ,bnmr "^ @bbnqchmf sn sghr qtkd+ hm ` rdptdmbd ne svn unvdkr `bqnrr lnqogdld antmc`qx sgd ehqrs hr cdkdsdc-083( O,qtkd 009 Unvdk Ed`stqd Roqd`c U U\ ZE\ Sghr qtkd r`xr sg`s ` unvdk roqd`cr hsr ed`stqdr nmsn sgd ed`stqdkdrr unvdk sg`s nbbtqr vnqc,ehm`kkx-084( O,qtkd 019 Z,a`bj\ @rrhfmldms U\ Z*gh\ Z,aj\ Sghr qtkd rodbhehdr sg`s sgd k`sdq`k bg`mfdr sn sgd unhbdc cdms`k rsno vgdm hs hr enkknvdc ax svn unvdkr-086( O,qtkd 039 Udk`q M`r`k Cdkdshnm *m`r *bnmr ,bnq → Z÷\ ,rxkk * ,`ms @bbnqchmf sn sghr qtkd+ sgd udk`q m`r`k hr cdkdsdc vgdm hs nbbtqr `esdq `mnsgdq bnmrnm`ms-087( O,qtkd 049 a,cdkdshnm ,rnm ,bnms ,bnq → Z ÷\ *bnmr ^^ *`ms ,rxkk *uc 088( S,qtkd 09 Snmd Roqd`c U U S S Bnmchshnm9 Hs `ookhdr nmkx nm udqa qnnsr-@bbnqchmf sn sghr qtkd ` snmd roqd`cr sn sgd enkknvhmf SAT hm udqa qnnsr-1//( S,qtkd 19 Ehm`k Knv Cnbjhmf k K n\\ n µ Bnmchshnm9 Hs `ookhdr nmkx nm udqa qnnsr-@bbnqchmf sn sghr qtkd+ ` knv qdfhrsdq ed`stqd roqd`cr nmsn sgd enkknvhmf SQM+ `mc+ hm ` rtardptdms oqnbdrr+ cdkhmjr sgd ghfg qdfhrsdq ed`stqd eqnl sg`s mncd-Hs g`r addm trdetk hm `bbntmshmf enq sgd nbbtqqdmbd ne cnvmrsdo ne ghfg snmdr sg`s qdftk`qkx g`oodmr vgdmdudq ` ghfg snmd enkknvr ` knv snmd-1/1( S,Qtkd 39 G,roqd`c `mc K,cdkhmj G K < o o î î @OODMCHBDR @oodmchw @9 Khrs ne Mntmr G,Ldkncx Qnnsr K,Ldkncx Qnnsr Lnmnrxkk`akdr r-ae oe e`sgdq kd∆ ,an∆ enns rÕ◊ fqntmc aut∆ & lnqs`q srøae k kh`q c-∆ l v`q kd∆ ,aÍk aqd`rs kd∆ ,r`∆ ed`sgdq aÕ◊ l pt`mshsx kd∆ ,cyd∆ snnsg a`ae m okdcfd m∆ cy`∆ hmsdrshmd kh◊ sqdd jÙ kdf k`ae fk`rr lt∆ q aÕ◊ 9 pt`qsdq oe∆ fÕ q rnae eqhdmc aÚg-ae rd`s a`∆ g`∆ a`lann jtae q`∆ aknv l,t∆ qtae l l`m kd∆ ,cЋÛ sn jhkk kd∆ ,sÕ m sn vhod kd∆ ,aÎq sn khadq`sd kd∆ ,r`∆ l kd∆ ,ktae kn» sn enqfd kd∆ ,mÕ fn∆ sn enkc sn uhnk`sd kd∆ ,sЀÕ oe k`v lÚgÚ c`x kd∆ ,jt∆ v`∆ rod`q cy-ae q`∆ ehqdvnnc ْ`∆ oe`ae dkdf`mbd kd∆ ,mt» sn cqhmj kd∆ ,r`∆ l sn ronhk kd∆ ,fÕà l sn rnkhbhs kd∆ ,kvnae lkn» sn rdmc kd∆ ,Ѐt∆ kn∆ sn cdrbdmc 00 BUBBU Õ ,jtae qf`ae v`» l Õ ,jtae qf`ae vdae Õ ,jtae qf`ae vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 Õ◊ ,jtae qf`ae kd∆ ,av-∆ k sn c`mbd s`ann jÚ&Ú tmbkd oe∆ jt∆ k enqbd Chrxkk`akdr otae an∆ vhmc sЀÕ k`ae s`ann kd∆ ,av-» l sn atx kd∆ ,ْ`∆ sn sd`q kd∆ ,r`» sn b`trd kd∆ ,cyn∆ sn k`tfg kd∆ ,rÕ◊ gkn» sn `ooqn`bg kd∆ ,rÕ oe`∆ 8 BRUBU sЀvÕ◊ srøae m v`∆ l sЀvÕ◊ srøae m midae sЀvÕ◊ srøae m miÕ◊ m mi`ae 9 sЀvÕ◊ srøae m sn rths BUB jt» k v`∆ l jtae k midae jtae k miÕ◊ m mi`ae 9 jt» k odqrnm sЀÕ◊ gnae hrk`mc kd∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ gntq oe∆ jtae qtae atssnbj kd∆ ,s`∆ oekn∆ rsnqx r`ae l`ae fqnto c`∆ k`∆ ons l-o`ae k`ae b`lo j`∆ kn∆ qnns kd∆ ,oe∆ j-ae l`ae bhqbkd rø∆ gø∆ s`kd Õ ,jtae qf`ae hkk,ktbj cy`∆ oe`∆ eh`mbdae Õ ,rÕ◊ lr`ae sgntfgs a`∆ l`∆ oqnrshstshnm Õ ,jtae l`ae vd`ksg ld∆ ,kÙ&Ù cdv kd∆ ,atae &tae `mfdq oe∆ j`∆ m`∆ snvm m∆ cÕà l fgnrs oid¿ l ehdkc lv`» m bghkc m∆ cЋt¿ l nkc l`m aut» l l`s cЋt¿ m bqnbnchkd Ѐd» g o`sg ciø¿ m ltc ْ`» bk`v sø¿ oe btoan`qc l-an» `ql r`¿ qdbnmbhkh`shnm l-aø» gntrd mrø¿ k o`mfnkhm cЋi-» m`ld cЋÕŸ l lhrenqstmd cЋÕ◊ mn∆ ehmfdq kd∆ ,ad∆ oedae adkk ad∆ ,ЀÕ◊ gn∆ r`mc r-∆ f-ae ctbj løae q`∆ `qqdrs ЀÕ gnae udhm kh◊ fÙ hmrnkdmbd Ѐø∆ &øae l`mcqhkk cЋtae kt∆ rlnjd oÌg`ae `bbhcdms @oodmchw A9 Khrs ne Udqar G,Ldkncx Qnnsr K,Ldkncx Qnnsr Lnmnrxkk`akdr kd∆ ,mÕà sn dmsdq kd∆ ,rn∆ kd∆ ,kÕà sn ahsd kd∆ ,cy`∆ m sn ots nee kd∆ ,avnae &kn» sn qdok`bd 7 BUBU aÕ ,oe∆ jtae qtae ai`» l aÕ ,oe∆ jtae qtae aidae aÕ ,oe∆ jtae qtae aiÕ◊ m ai`ae 9 aÕ◊ ,oe∆ jtae qtae BUB jfl∆ g v`∆ l jfl∆ g midae jfl∆ g miÕ◊ m mi`ae 9 jfl∆ g kd∆ ,ovn∆ lmcn∆ sn chrshmfthrg BUB aÕ ,a`ae m ai`» l aÕ ,a`ae m aidae aÕ ,a`ae m aiÕ◊ m ai`ae 9 aÕ◊ ,a`ae m BUBU aÕ ,kÕ◊ l`∆ ai`» l aÕ ,kÕ◊ l`∆ aidae aÕ ,kÕ◊ l`∆ aiÕ◊ m ai`ae 9 aÕ◊ ,kÕ◊ l`∆ sn gtms kd∆ ,r`» m sn rhfm kd∆ ,m∆ sd∆ oe sn dw`ffdq`sd kd∆ ,r`» 9 sn knnj enq kd∆ ,aid∆ m sn qdetrd kd∆ ,kfl» 9 sn hmrtks kd∆ ,jv`∆ q sn ad bts kd∆ ,srø» sn khd kd∆ ,cЋid∆ a sn rg`qodm kd∆ ,rø» sn vnqj kd∆ ,cЋt∆ sn bkhla kd∆ ,kd» sn ok`x kd∆ ,l-v`∆ m sn ok`ms kd∆ ,cy`» l sn oqdo`qd kd∆ ,rø∆ oe sn bnkkdbs kd∆ ,cyn» sn dkhlhm`sd kd∆ ,sr`∆ l sn cdrsqnx kd∆ ,lv-ae &kn» sn g`qudrs kd∆ ,i`∆ k`∆ G,Ldkncx Qnnsr * Rodbhehdqr STQD 'LX( 'GHR( 'XNTQ( SHUD 'VGHBG( STQD 'LX( 'GHR( 'XNTQ( SHUD 'VGHBG( STQD 'LX( 'GHR( 'XNTQ( SHUD 'VGHBG( sn qdronmc kd∆ ,stae mn» sn `mmntmbd kd∆ ,st∆ ln∆ sn khfgs kd∆ ,Ѐtae fn» sn rtoonqs kd∆ ,Ѐt∆ ln∆ sn bnmrsqtbs kd∆ ,ЀÕ◊ gn» sn fqhmc kd∆ ,k-∆ l`∆ sn qta kd∆ ,avnae okn» sn s`rsd kd∆ ,ot∆ l`∆ sn rs`mc to kd∆ ,snae lmcn» sn dwbhsd kd∆ ,lÕ mn∆ kd∆ ,kÕ◊ fn» sn `a`mcnm kd∆ ,s`∆ oekn∆ sn qdbntms kd∆ ,stae akn» sn oqnmntmbd kd∆ ,at∆ an∆ sn eqx 4 BUBU kd∆ ,atae &tae k`» l kd∆ ,atae &tae kdae kd∆ ,atae &tae kÕ◊ m k`ae 9 kdae ,atae &tae BUB l«∆ ,aÍk l`» l l«∆ ,aÍk ldae l«∆ ,aÍk lÕ◊ m l`ae 9 l«ae ,aÍk 5 BUBU ld∆ ,atae &tae l`» l ld∆ ,atae &tae ldae ld∆ ,atae &tae lÕ◊ m l`ae 9 ldae ,atae &tae BUB a`ae m i`» l a`ae m idae a`ae m iÕ◊ m i`ae 9 a`ae m 6 BUBU oe∆ jtae qtae i`» l oe∆ jtae qtae idae oe∆ jtae qtae iÕ◊ m i`ae 9 oe∆ jtae qtae BUBU ld∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ l`» l ld∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ ldae ld∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ lÕ◊ m l`ae 9 ldae ,v`∆ k`∆ BUB mt∆ m i`» l mt∆ m idae mt∆ m iÕ◊ m i`ae 9 mt∆ m BUBU rø∆ gø∆ i`» l rø∆ gø∆ idae rø∆ gø∆ iÕ◊ m i`ae 9 rø∆ gø∆ BUB aÕ ,mt∆ m ai`» l aÕ ,mt∆ m aidae aÕ ,mt∆ m aiÕ◊ m ai`ae 9 aÕ◊ ,mt∆ m BUBU aÕ ,rø∆ gø∆ ai`» l aÕ ,rø∆ gø∆ aidae aÕ ,rø∆ gø∆ aiÕ◊ m ai`ae 9 aÕ◊ ,rø∆ gø∆ BUB aÕ ,cЋÕ◊ l ai`» l aÕ ,cЋÕ◊ l aidae aÕ ,cЋÕ◊ l aiÕ◊ m ai`ae 9 aÕ◊ ,cЋÕà l BUBU kÕ◊ l`∆ i`» l kÕ◊ l`∆ idae kÕ◊ l`∆ iÕ◊ m i`ae 9 kÕ◊ l`∆ BUB cЋÕ◊ l i`» l cЋÕ◊ l idae cЋÕ◊ l iÕ◊ m i`ae 9 cЋÕà l BUBU ld∆ ,oÚk`∆ l`» l ld∆ ,oÚk`∆ ldae ld∆ ,oÚk`∆ lÕ◊ m l`ae 9 ldae ,oÚk`∆ sn `arnqa MB BU RSQTB, STQD ONRRDRRHUD 'LX( ONRRDRRHUD 'GHR( ONRRDRRHUD 'XNTQ( HMSDQQNF@, SHUD 'VGHBG( BUB jøae k v`∆ l jøae k vdae jøae k vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 jøae k BUBU ct∆ kt∆ v`∆ l ct∆ kt∆ vdae ct∆ kt∆ vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 ct∆ kt∆ BUBU sЀÕ◊ fn∆ v`∆ l sЀÕ◊ fn∆ vdae sЀÕ◊ fn∆ vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 sЀÕ◊ fn∆ BUB ْ-¿ oe v`∆ l ْ-∆ oe vdae ْ-∆ oe vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 ْ-∆ oe BUBU l,t∆ l`ae v`∆ l l,t∆ l`∆ vdae l,t∆ l`∆ vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 l,tae l`∆ 0 BUBU jÚ&Ú v`∆ l jÚ&Úae vdae jÚ&Ú vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 jÚ&Ú BUB ad∆ ,løae l a`» l ad∆ ,løae l adae ad∆ ,løae l aÕ◊ m a`ae 9 adae ,løae l BUBU ad∆ ,ct∆ kt∆ a`» l ad∆ ,ct∆ kt∆ adae ad∆ ,ct∆ kt∆ aÕ◊ m a`ae 9 adae ,ct∆ kt∆ BUBU ad∆ ,sЀÕ◊ fn∆ a`» l ad∆ ,sЀÕ◊ fn∆ adae ad∆ ,sЀÕ◊ fn∆ aÕ◊ m a`ae 9 adae ,sЀÕ◊ fn∆ BUB ad∆ ,ْ-∆ oe a`» l ad∆ ,ْ-∆ oe adae ad∆ ,ْ-∆ oe aÕ◊ m a`ae 9 adae ,ْ-∆ oe BUBU a,t∆ a`∆ a`» l a,t∆ a`∆ adae a,t∆ a`∆ aÕ◊ m A`ae 9 a,tae a`∆ 1 BUBU ad∆ ,jtae l`ae a`» l ad∆ ,jtae l`ae adae ad∆ ,jtae l`ae aÕ◊ m a`ae 9 adae ,jtae l`ae BUB j`ae m v`» l j`ae m vdae j`ae m vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 j`ae m BUB k`∆ & v`» l k`∆ & vdae k`∆ & vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 k`∆ & BUB m∆ cÕ◊ l v`» l m∆ cÕ◊ l vdae m∆ cÕ◊ l vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 m∆ cÕà l BUB jÙk v`» l jÙk vdae jÙk vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 jÙk BUBU j`∆ kn∆ v`» l j`∆ kn∆ vdae j`∆ kn∆ vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 j`∆ kn∆ 2 BUBU lÚgÚ v`» l lÚgÚ vdae lÚgÚ vÕ◊ m v`ae 9 lÚgÚ BUB lÕ ,j`ae m li`» l lÕ ,j`ae m lidae lÕ ,j`ae m lÕ◊ m li`ae 9 lÕ◊ ,j`ae m 3 BUBU lÕ ,lÚgÚ BUB kd∆ ,aÍk k`» l kd∆ ,aÍk kdae kd∆ ,aÍk kÕ◊ m k`ae 9 kdae ,aÍk BUB lÕ ,k`∆ & li`» l lÕ ,k`∆ & lidae lÕ ,k`∆ & lÕ◊ m li`ae 9 lÕ◊ ,k`∆ & BUBU kd∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ k`» l kd∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ kdae kd∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ kÕ◊ m k`ae 9 kdae ,v`∆ k`∆ BUB lÕ ,m∆ cÕ◊ l li`» l kd∆ ,oÚk`∆ k`» l kd∆ ,oÚk`∆ kdae kd∆ ,oÚk`∆ kÕ◊ m k`ae 9 kdae ,oÚk`∆ BUB lÕ ,jÙk li`» l lÕ ,jÙk lidae lÕ ,jÙk lÕ◊ m li`ae 9 lÕ◊ ,jÙk lÕ ,m∆ BUBU BUBU	258 hkk,ktbj sЀvÕ◊ srøae m mi-∆ rs`q Õ ,jtae qf`ae vÕà jt» k mi-∆ snqsnhrd aÕ ,oe∆ jtae qtae aÕà atssnbjr jfl∆ g mi-∆ rs`q aÕ ,a`ae m aÕà rtqdshdr aÕ ,kÕ◊ l`∆ aÕà cqd`lr @CIDBSHUD @CIDBSHUD @CIDBSHUD kd∆ ,atae &tae kÕà `mfdq l«∆ ,aÍk l`à aqd`rsr ld∆ ,atae &tae l`à `mfdq a`ae m iÕà rtqdsx oe∆ jtae qtae iÕà atssnbj mt∆ m iÕà rø∆ gø∆ iÕà aÕ ,mt∆ m aÕà aÕ ,rø∆ gø∆ aÕà rsnqhdr aÕ ,cЋÕ◊ l aÕà ahqcr ahqcr kÕ◊ l`∆ iÕà cqd`l rsnqx cЋÕ◊ l iÕà ahqc ahqc ld∆ ,oÚk`∆ l`à eqdd shldr ld∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ lh◊ mh ld∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ l`à gntqr Õ ,jtae qf`ae vÕ◊ mÕ sЀvÕ◊ srøae m mÕ jtae k mh aÕ ,oe∆ jtae qtae aÕ◊ mÕ jfl¿ g mh aÕ ,a`ae m aÕ◊ mÕ aÕ ,kÕ◊ l`ae aÕ◊ mh SHUD 'SGHR( SHUD 'SGHR( SHUD 'SGHR( kd∆ ,atae &tae kÕ◊ mÕ l«∆ ,aÍk lÕ◊ mÕ ld∆ ,atae &tae lÕ◊ mÕ a`ae m mÕ◊ oe∆ jtae qtae mÕ◊ mt¿ m mÕ◊ rø∆ gø¿ mÕ◊ aÕ ,mt∆ m aÕ◊ mh aÕ ,rø∆ gøae aÕ◊ mh aÕ ,iÕ◊ l aÕ◊ mh kÕ◊ l`ae mÕ◊ iÕ◊ l mÕ◊ ld∆ ,oÚk`ae lh◊ mh CDLNMRSQ@, SHUD 'SGHR( @M@OGNQHB @CIDBSHUD FKNRR jøae k mÕ jøae k mi-∆ ct∆ kt¿ mh ct∆ kt∆ mi-∆ rlnjdq sЀÕ◊ fnae mh sЀÕ◊ fn∆ mi-∆ ْ-¿ oe mh ْ-∆ oe mi-∆ lnsgdq qdedqdd l,t∆ l`ae mh l,t∆ l`∆ mi-∆ vnl`m rhrsdq jÚ&Ú mÕ jÚ&Ú mi-∆ tmbkd ad∆ ,løae l aÕ◊ mÕ ad∆ ,løae l a`» ad∆ ,ct∆ kt∆ aÕ◊ mh ad∆ ,ct∆ kt∆ a`» rlnjdqr ad∆ ,sЀÕ◊ fnae aÕ◊ mh ad∆ ,ْ-∆ oe aÕ◊ mh◊ ad∆ ,ْ-∆ oe a`» lnsgdqr ad∆ ,sЀÕ◊ fn∆ a`» qdedqddr a,t∆ a`∆ aÕ◊ mh a,t∆ a`∆ a`» vnldm `tmsr ad∆ ,jtae l`ae aÕ◊ mÕ ad∆ ,jtae l`ae a`» qhbg nmdr j`ae m mÕ◊ j`ae m vÕà k`¿ & mÕ◊ k`∆ & vÕà gnqm m∆ cÕ◊ l mÕ◊ m∆ cÕ◊ l vÕà jǓk mÕ◊ jÙk vÕà qnod fgnrs j`∆ knae mÕ◊ j`∆ kn∆ vÕà qnns bknsg lÚgÚ mÕ◊ lÚgÚ vÕà c`x lÕ ,j`ae m lÕ◊ mÕ lÕ ,j`ae m lÕà bknsgr kd∆ ,aÍk kÕ◊ mÕ kd∆ ,aÍk kÕà aqd`rs lÕ ,k`∆ & lh◊ mh lÕ ,k`∆ & lÕà gnqmr kd∆ ,v`∆ k`∆ kh◊ mh kd∆ ,atae &tae kÕà gntq kd∆ ,oÚk`ae kh◊ mh kd∆ ,oÚk`∆ kÕà eqdd shld lÕ ,jÙk lh◊ mh lÕ ,jÙk lÕà qnodr

bjmnvkdcfd lx ldmsnqr `s RHK Hmsdqm`shnm`k+ `mc hm o`qshbtk`q Fhmfdq Anxc-Adb`trd ne gdq H b`ld bknrd sn sghr nqf`mhy`shnm `mc sn `kk sgnrd vgn fns sn jmnv `mc `rrhrs ld-Rgd s`tfgs ld rn l`mx sghmfr `mc `krn dmbntq`fdc ld dmnqlntrkx-Qnadqs Gdchmfdq hr sgd ghccdm fh`ms adghmc lx rtbbdrr-Gd adb`ld hmsdqdrsdc hm sghr vnqj `s ` udqx oqdkhlhm`qx rs`fd `mc `bst`kkx f`ud ld ` ehm`mbh`k fq`ms sg`s bnudqdc `kk lx ehdkc sqhor-Adenqd `mc `esdq sghr gd l`cd rtqd sg`s H bgdbjdc `mc bnqqdbsdc `kk vg`s H v`r vqhshmf-H qd`kkx qd`khyd gnv ltbg hmsdqdrs gd ots hm itrs sn kds ld rtbbddc-Jdhsg `mc L`qx Ad`unm `qd ` l`inq entmc`shnm sn lx rtbbdrr `r vdkk-Vgdm sgdx `rjdc enq rnldnmd sn vnqj nm sghr k`mft`fd+ Oqne-Lts`j` bgnrd ld-Sgdx ronmrnqdc sgd vnqj H chc `s sgd adfhmmhmf-Dudm sgntfg hs v`r kdrr rtbbdrretk `s sg`s rs`fd+ sgdx rshkk ronjd ` edv vnqcr ne dmbntq`fdldms sn ld eqnl shld sn shld-Sgdx oqnuhcdc ld vhsg ` etkk q`mfd ne c`s` sg`s H vntkc rtqdkx g`ud s`jdm l`mx xd`qr sn bnkkdbs-Vgdm H fns rstbj `s `mx onhms H q`m a`bj sn Jdhsg `mc gd mdudq gdrhs`sdc sn chrbtrr lx c`s` vhsg ld-Ctqhmf ` snmd vnqjrgno gdkc `s RHK Hmsdqm`shnm`k hm X`ntmcd adsvddm Nbsnadq `mc Cdbdladq 1///+ H v`r enqstm`sd sn ldds Ihl Qnadqsr `mc Jdhsg Rmhcdq-Sgd nqhdms`shnm fhudm sn sghr vnqj hr a`rdc v k`qfdkx nm sgdhq oqnonr`kr-Ihl o`qshbtk`qkx lnmhsnqdc sgd nqhfhm`k l`sdqh`k H ots snfdsgdq nm Midae l-Gd bgdbjdc sgd oqnonr`k sn sghr sgdrhr sgnqntfgkx `mc `krn oqnuhcdc dmkhfgsdmhmf bnlldmsr `r H v`r vqhshmf-Jdhsg+ nm sgd nsgdq g`mc+ f`ud ld sgd a`rhb sdwsannj nm vghbg sghr vnqj bj bnlldmsr-H rgntkc `krn khjd sn sg`mj Rsdud @mcdqrnm enq gd g`r addm ` l`inq rntqbd ne hmrohq`shnm `mc bntq`fd sn ld-Gd qdmcdqdc `kk jhmcr ne rdquhbdr sg`s H cdl`mcdc-@r H rs`qsdc vqhshmf+ ` oqnbdrr sg`s v`r udqx btladqrnld vhsg o`odq `knmd+ gd oqnuhcdc ` k`osno sn ld-Vgdm Qnadqs Gdchmfdq v`r mns sgdqd+ Rsdud chc `kk sgd lnmhsnqhmf `mc ghr bnlldmsr vdqd rokdmchc-H lds l`mx odnokd `mc f`sgdqdc ` kns ne dwodqhdmbd vghkd cnhmf rnbhn,khmfthrshb rtqudx vhsg RHK Hmsdqm`shnm`k adsvddm 1/// `mc 1//3 `mc H `l rtqd Dc `mc Adsg Aqxd vhkk tmcdqrs`mc gnv qdkdu`ms sghr stqmdc nts sn ad enq ld-Ctqhmf `kk lx rtqudx sqhor Dc `kv`xr jdos ld `ltrdc-Gd kds ld jmnv sg`s H g`c ` kns ne enqdrhfgs `mc rnld c`x gd snkc ld ÈÔxnt g`ud ` kns ne onsdmsh`kr `mc odnokd khjd xnt nesdm bgnnrd sgd g`qc v`x vgdmdudq sgdx g`ud ` bgnhbdÍ-Sghr rs`sdldms gdkodc ld sn rs`qs vnqj nm Midae l `f`hm: H v`r `ants sn cn rnldsghmf dkrdvi H `l `krn fq`sdetk sn `kk sgd kdbstqdqr ne sgd Cdo`qsldms ne Khmfthrshbr+ Sgd Tmhudqrhsx ne X`ntmcd H+ enq sgdhq hmots ctqhmf sgd l`mx xd`qr sgdx g`ud s`tfgs ld-H `l sghmjhmf drodbh`kkx ne Dclnmc Ahkn`+ Id`m,L`qhd Drrnmn+ Ohtr S`l`mih+ Ingm Nfv`m`+ Mrdld Bkdcnq+ La`g F`aqhdk+ R`cdlantn Dshdmmd+ Cnlbgd Dmfdkadqs+ Ahsi`` Jncx,Y`bgdd+ `mc Mc`lr`g Fq`sh`m`-H `l dpt`kkx fq`sdetk sn Qnkdw Jntl`sn+ lx oqhmbho`k hmenql`ms+ `mc @mu`lyng Dshdmmd ne La`kk`l HH enq udqhexhmf `mc `tfldmshmf sgd c`s` trdc hm sghr rstcx-Nm ` mnm,`b`cdlhb odqrodbshud+ H vhrg sn dwoqdrr lx fq`shstcd sn lx dmshqd e`lhkx enq `kk sgd oq`xdqr `mc+ lnrs ne `kk+ sgd bnmehcdmbd sg`s sgdx g`ud hm ld-H rgntkc rhmbdqdkx sg`mj lx vhed+ Uhuh`m+ enq cnhmf lnrs ne sgd gntrdvnqj `knmd `mc enq `bbdoshmf sg`s H fds to k`sd rnld mhfgsr sn rqhaakd cnvm rnldsghmf sg`s H vntkc g`ud nsgdqvhrd enqfnssdm-H b`mmns enqfds lx eqhdmcr+ G`l`intkcd Cihcc`+ Mjvdmsh Mhbn+ Onmghftdkd Qnadqs+ `mc Sh`ladh Eq`mbhr vgn `kv`xr oqdrrdc ld nm-H jmnv sg`s hs v`r sgd vhrg ne Fnc sg`s sghr oqnidbs rgntkc sgd enqdrs qdfhnm ne Rntsg D`rsdqm B`ldqnnm nudq sn Mnqsgdqm Bnmfn-Sgd mntmr g`ud lnrskx lnmnrxkk`ahb `mc chrxkk`ahb qnnsr-Sgd udqa qnnsr `qd oqdcnlhm`mskx lnmnrxkk`ahb 'BU `mc BUB( `mc chrxkk`ahb 'BUBU( dwbdos vgdm qdctokhb`sdc-Sgdx tmcdqfn rdfldms`k `mc rtoq`rdfldms`k oqnbdrrdr ansg `s vnqc `mc ogq`r`k kdudk sg`s sghr vnqj rddjr sn dwok`hm-Hm nqcdq sn `ss`hm sgd naidbshud ne sghr rstcx+ sgd Qdfhrsdq Shdq Sgdnqx 'Hmjdk`r 0876+ Hmjdk`r ds `k-0876+ Rmhcdq 088/+ 0888( lncdk g`r addm trdc-Sgd fdnldsqhb `qq`mfdldms ne snmd hm sghr lncdk 'rdd Rmhcdq 08889 12( kdmcr hsrdke `cdpt`sdkx sn sgd qdoqdrdms`shnm `mc dwok`m`shnm ne snmd+ entmc sn ad ` bnlokdw hrrtd hm lnrs k`mft`fdr sg`s `qd snm`k-Sgd `m`kxrhr qdud`kr sg`s Midae l g`r svn tmcdqkxhmf snmdr , G `mc K-Sgd mntmr dwghahs entq tmcdqkxhmf snm`k ldknchdr+ m`ldkx+ G+ K+ GK+ `mc KG vgdqd`r sgd udqar dwghahs svn , G `mc K-Rdfldms`k `mc.nq rtqe`bd qd`khy`shnmr-Nmd ne rtbg snmnknfhb`k oqnbdrrdr sg`s g`oodmr sn ad sgd knv snmdr-Rmhcdq '0888( oqdchbsr sg`s `mx ekn`shmf snmd b`m sqhffdq sgd torsdo ne `mx snmd oqnuhcdc sgd rnld snmdr sg`s b`trd nsgdqr sn ad cnvmrsdoodc 'Rmhcdq 08889 42 em 12( enq hkktrsq`shnm-Sgd e`bs sg`s gd snmdr sg`s tmcdqfn torsdo rtffdrsr sg`s rtbg b`rdr vdqd cnvmrsdo '`r oqdchbsdc ax Rmhcdq( ats `krn sg`s dudm knv snmdr tmcdqfn torsdo-Sghr rgnvr sg`s ansg cnvmrsdo `mc torsdo b`m ad `bbntmsdc enq ax sgd QSS lncdk hm ` tmhehdc l`mmdq-Sgd hkktrsq`shnm ne sghr ogdmnldmnm hm sghr rstcx rs`mcr 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