Sarra Melliti

Stéphane Reboulet
email: stephane.reboulet@univ-lyon1.fr

Ben Haj

Ali Nebiha

Mohammed Sabri Arfaoui

Fouad Zargouni

Lucia Memmi

Nebiha Ben

Haj Ali

Mohammed Sabri Arfaoui

Ammonoid and foraminiferal biostratigraphy from uppermost Valanginian to lowermost Barremian of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (northern Tunisia)

Keywords: Ammonoids, Foraminifera, Hauterivian, Jebel Boulahouajeb, Jebel Oust, Tunisia

de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

Introduction

In his monography on Mesozoic cephalopods of Tunisia, [START_REF] Pervinquière | Etudes de paléontologie tunisienne. I. Cépahalopodes des terrains secondaires[END_REF] provided a subdivision of the Early Cretaceous series. This important work was completed by [START_REF] Solignac | Etude géologique de la Tunisie septentrionale[END_REF] who focused his geological survey on the northern Tunisia. Since the middle part of the 20 th century, a succession of papers allowed to constraint the bio-lithostratigraphy of this interval using mainly ammonoids and foraminifera, and sometimes calpionellids [START_REF] Castany | Etude géologique de l'Atlas tunisien oriental[END_REF][START_REF] Bolze | Le sillon tunisien. XIX ème Congrès Géologique International[END_REF][START_REF] Jauzein | Contribution à l'Etude Géologique des Confins de la Dorsale Tunisienne (Tunisie septentrionale)[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Sur quelques ammonites du Valanginien de "l'Oued Guelta" (Tunisie)[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Eléments pour une biostratigraphie de l'Hauterivien du "Sillon Tunisien[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Neohoploceras solignaci, Ammonite nouvelle de l'Hauterivien de Tunisie[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Historique et actualisation du Crétacé inférieur de Tunisie septentrionale[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Biostratigraphie du Crétacé inférieur de la Tunisie nord-orientale[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF][START_REF] Busnardo | La série infracrétacée du Djebel Oust (Tunisie)[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | VI e Colloque Africain de Micropaléontologie, Livret-guide des excursions[END_REF][START_REF] Stranik | Biostratigraphie du Crétacé inférieur de l'Atlas Tunisien oriental[END_REF][START_REF] Donze | Les formations de la limite Jurassique-Crétacé en Tunisie septentrionale (Djebel Oust). Série lithologique ; résultats biostratigraphiques et paléogéographiques d'après les ammonites, les calpionelles et les ostracodes[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Le Berriasien de Tunisie. Succession des faunes d'Ammonites, de Foraminifères et de Tintinnoïdiens[END_REF][START_REF] Maamouri | Subdivisions microbiostratigraphiques du Crétacé inférieur du Djebel Oust (Tunisie septentrionale). Actes du VI Colloque Africain de Micropaléontlogie, Tunis (1974)[END_REF][START_REF] Salaj | Microbiostratigraphie du Crétacé et du Paléogène de la Tunisie septentrionale et orientale (Hypostratotypes tunisiens)[END_REF][START_REF] Salaj | Foraminifers and detailed microbiostratigraphy of the boundary beds of the lower Cretaceous stages in the Tunisian Atlas[END_REF][START_REF] Haj | Le Crétacé inférieur de la région du Krib : résultats biostratigraphiques et découpages lithologiques[END_REF][START_REF] Maamouri | Le Crétacé inférieur du Jebel Oust (Tunisie nord-orientale) : microstratigraphie -biozonation -aperçu sédimentologique[END_REF][START_REF] Haj | Les foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé (Hauterivien à Turonien inférieur) de Tunisie : systématique, biozonation et précisions stratigraphiques[END_REF], 2006[START_REF] Reboulet | Origination of Himantoceras (heteromorphic ammonoids) related to palaeoceanography and climatic changes during the Valanginian. 1 st International Meeting on Correlation of Cretaceous Micro-and Macrofossils, 16-18[END_REF]. Recently [START_REF] Haj | Northern Tunisian Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphic Approach Using Ammonites and Microfaunas: A Model for the Tethys Southern Margin[END_REF] compiled a synthesis presenting a correlation between the ammonoid and foraminifera zonal schemes for the Lower Cretaceous of northern Tunisia. Since [START_REF] Castany | Etude géologique de l'Atlas tunisien oriental[END_REF], the Jebel Oust locality (north-west of Zaghouan, 40 km South-East of Tebourba, Tunisia trough) has been considered as a reference for the Lower Cretaceous marine succession, and consequently numerous authors quoted previously focused on this section.

Due to its relative continuity and richness in micro and macrofauna, Salaj proposed, during the meeting of the working Group on Pelagic Facies in Urbino in 1989, the Jebel Oust section as a standard for marine Lower Cretaceous successions of the Tethyan realm (see [START_REF] Maamouri | Le Crétacé inférieur du Jebel Oust (Tunisie nord-orientale) : microstratigraphie -biozonation -aperçu sédimentologique[END_REF]. In his work on the Lansarine Chain (Tebourba area, northern Tunisia), [START_REF] Zargouni | Etude géologique de la chaîne de Lansarine (région de Tébourba, Atlas tunisien[END_REF] described and figured two sections for the Lower Cretaceous series: the Jebel Boulahouajeb and Tazega sections. The Jebel Boulahouajeb section appeared interesting for the Valanginian-Aptian interval due to its important thickness and richness in ammonoids that was also sampled by [START_REF] Solignac | Etude géologique de la Tunisie septentrionale[END_REF]. [START_REF] Zargouni | Etude géologique de la chaîne de Lansarine (région de Tébourba, Atlas tunisien[END_REF] underlined the presence in this section of several foraminifera, calpionellid and nannofossil taxa. Considering the literature on the stratigraphy of north Tunisia, it is important to note that, even in the works published during the last decades, the stratigraphic columns of the most sections were generally not detailed as they concerned the Lower Cretaceous period, and the sampling of macrofauna was very sparse. The data was often presented as a species list, and the ammonoids collected were generally not documented (rarely illustrated; as noted by [START_REF] Lehmann | Aptian (Lower Cretaceous) biostratigraphy and cephalopods from north central Tunisia[END_REF].

The aim of this work is to (1) establish a detailed biostratigraphic framework with both ammonoids and foraminifera of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, mainly for the Hauterivian stage including the characterization of its boundaries, (2) illustrate some ammonoid and foraminifera species of the studied section, and (3) establish correlations with the Jebel Oust reference section using mainly the ammonoid data. The Jebel Boulahouajeb section provides an ideal succession for this approach owing to the expanded, continuous well exposed outcrops and relatively abundant fossil records, in particular ammonoids which are relatively abundant and well preserved (see [START_REF] Melliti | Stratigraphie et paléobiodiversité des séries du Crétacé inferieur de la chaîne de Lansarine (Région de Tebourba)[END_REF][START_REF] Melliti | Upper Valanginian-Hauterivian ammonites and foraminiferal assemblages in Boulahouajeb (Lansarin Chain, Northeast Tunisia)[END_REF].

Geological setting

The Jebel Boulahouajeb section is located in northern Tunisia near Tebourba city, about 40 km west of Tunis (Fig. 1). The studied section belongs to the Lansarine Chain, delimited by the vast plain of the Medjerda valley to the south and east, and by the plain of the Oued Ettine to the north and north-west. The Mesozoic stratigraphy, palaeogeography, structures and tectonics of northern Tunisia were described by numerous authors as [START_REF] Burollet | Contribution à l'étude stratigraphique de la Tunisie centrale[END_REF][START_REF] Burollet | Structures and tectonics of Tunisia[END_REF], [START_REF] Bonnefous | Contribution à l'étude stratigraphique et micropaléontologique du Jurassique de Tunisie (Tunisie septentrionale et centrale, Sahel et zones des Chotts[END_REF], [START_REF] Zargouni | Etude géologique de la chaîne de Lansarine (région de Tébourba, Atlas tunisien[END_REF], [START_REF] Memmi | The transition from Jurassic to Cretaceous in northeast Tunisia: biostratigraphic details and distribution of facies[END_REF], [START_REF] Bobier | The post-Triassic sedimentary cover of Tunisia: seismic sequences and structure[END_REF], [START_REF] Rais | Le sillon tunisien : structuration synsédimentaire jurassique. Rift avorté et cicatrisé au Dogger supérieur-Malm, à la marge SE de la Téthys maghrébide[END_REF], [START_REF] Souquet | Séquences et cycles d'ordre 2 en régime extensif et transtensif : exemple du Crétacé inférieur de l'Atlas tunisien[END_REF], [START_REF] Chikhaoui | Blocs basculés au Crétacé inférieur dans la région du Kef (Tunisie nord-occidentale)[END_REF], [START_REF] Soussi | Le Jurassique inférieur et moyen de la Tunisie septentrionale; corrélations avec l'axe Nord-Sud et paléogéographie[END_REF], [START_REF] Kamoun | Triassic palaeogeography of Tunisia[END_REF], [START_REF] Bensalem | The Cretaceous-Paleogene transition in Tunisia: general overview[END_REF], [START_REF] Piqué | The Mesozoic-Cenozoic Atlas belt (North Africa): an overview[END_REF], [START_REF] Soussi | Nouvelle nomenclature lithostratigraphique « événementielle » pour le Jurassique de la Tunisie atlasique[END_REF], [START_REF] Boughdiri | Calpionellid zonation of the Jurassic-Cretaceous transition in North-Atlasic Tunisia. Updated Upper Jurassic stratigraphy of the "Tunisian trough" and regional correlations[END_REF], Ben [START_REF] Abdesselam-Mahdaoui | Nouvelles données biostratigraphiques sur les niveaux de passage Jurassique-Crétacé et les calcaires du Campanien dans le secteur de Hammam Zriba-Jebel Guebli (Tunisie septentrionale)[END_REF], 2011), [START_REF] Masrouhi | The evolution of the Lansarine-Baouala salt canopy in the North African Cretaceous passive margin in Tunisia[END_REF], Naji et al. (2018a,b). The Jebel Boulahouajeb section belongs the Tunisian trough ("sillon tunisien", [START_REF] Castany | Etude géologique de l'Atlas tunisien oriental[END_REF], a strongly subsiding basin from the Jurassic to Cretaceous time span. It corresponds to a deep marine palaeoenvironment characterized by pelagic-deep deposits. The Lower Cretaceous succession of this area is represented by very thick marly-limestone series with intercalation of some sandstone beds. Large and numerous diapiric intrusions of mainly evaporitic triassic material are also present [START_REF] Perthuisot | Diapirism in Northern Tunisia[END_REF][START_REF] Burollet | Structures and tectonics of Tunisia[END_REF]. [START_REF] Zargouni | Etude géologique de la chaîne de Lansarine (région de Tébourba, Atlas tunisien[END_REF] described the Hauterivian-Aptian interval of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, suggesting that this pelagic succession could start with the Valanginian; he noted the presence of a Triassic intrusion at its base. In northeastern Tunisia, the Valanginian-Aptian succession is named the M'Chergua Formation [START_REF] Ben Ferjani | Petroleum geology of Tunisia. Entreprise Tunisienne d'Activités Pétrolières[END_REF][START_REF] Burollet | Structures and tectonics of Tunisia[END_REF]. Recently, it was raised to the rank of Group and subdivided into four formations which are from the bottom up [START_REF] Haj | Synthèse stratigraphique et nomenclature pour le Crétacé inférieur de la Tunisie septentrionale[END_REF]: El Mergueb (Valanginian to lower Hauterivian), Kef En Nemour (upper Hauterivian to upper Barremian), Sidi Amor (uppermost Barremian to basal Aptian) and Oued Ellouz (Aptian) formations.

Material and methods

Ammonoids

A preliminary study of macrofauna of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section was started by [START_REF] Melliti | Stratigraphie et paléobiodiversité des séries du Crétacé inferieur de la chaîne de Lansarine (Région de Tebourba)[END_REF] in the El Manar University of Tunis. This palaeontological material has been completed by further samplings made by Melliti, from 2013 to 2016. Sampling of macrofaunal specimens was carried out at fifty four beds. Due to the thickness of the section (873 m, see part 4.1), a bed by bed sampling was not possible for this preliminary study. The marly intervals were not sampled as the outcrop conditions were not favourable. The selected intervals were sampled for their content of pelagic (589 ammonoids representing 95% of macrofauna; 8 aptychi; 15 belemnites) and benthic macrofauna (1 bivalve and 6 echinoids); nautiloids (shells and rhyncholites) were not found.

Dissolution of the ammonoid shells is the norm and specimens are preserved as internal calcareous moulds. The ammonoid fauna is relatively well preserved, but the fragmentation of specimens can be frequent in some beds. The compaction of specimens is relatively important, particularly for the phragmocone. Consequently, some characteristics, such the whorl section, the strength of ribs and tubercules, and how they change between the inner and outer whorls, cannot be observed and compared for some specimens. The palaeontological material was reviewed and taxonomically identified at the University of Lyon (Reboulet and Melliti). The identification of ammonoids at specific level is sometimes difficult or impossible. Some data are here presented at the generic level and some specimens identified with doubt are indicated by a question mark. The material is stored in the palaeontological collections of the Observatory of Lyon at the Claude Bernard University of Lyon (France, Melliti's collection).

Foraminifera

One hundred and fifty four samples were collected in the Jebel Boulahouajeb section; most of them (75%) come from the marly beds. Spacing is variable and ranges from less than 5 m to 10 m as the section is very thick. In the laboratory, 300 gr of each sample were analyzed at the University of Tunis by Ben Haj Ali and Melliti. Marly sediments were soaked in tap water and H2O2. After twenty four hours, the samples were washed through a set of sieves (63 µm-500 µm). The sieve with mesh opening of 63 µm is recommended. Processed samples, once dried, were stored in closed small plastic bags. The microfaunal assemblage is represented by benthic and planktic foraminifera, ostracods (rare) and echinoid spines (frequent). It is necessary to note that planktic foraminifera were carried out only in the fine fraction. They have a well preserved calcitic test, unlike for the forms described in other sections of the northeastern Tunisia, which are represented by a pyritised test. Due to their very small size, their identification is often difficult. Even if planktic foraminifera are rare, they have been studied for their biostratigraphic interest. The benthic foraminifera are common to frequent in residus and were found in the coarse and fine fraction. Despite of their abundance, just a preliminary study of this group is presented here. The samples were examined under a binocular microscope with optics power twenty times; this magnification is not very adequate to recover easily very small planktic foraminifera. Specimens were mounted in one hundred and sixty cell-slides. Representative specimens illustrated were photographed using Scanning Electron Microscope. The selection of illustrated specimens is based on the stratigraphic importance of the index-species of planktic foraminifera and the importance of associated benthic foraminifera taxa.

Results

Description of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section

The Jebel Boulahouajeb section (JBH; 873 m in thickness) is composed by two complementary sections (sections JBH-A and JBH-B) from the M'Chergua Group (sensu [START_REF] Haj | Synthèse stratigraphique et nomenclature pour le Crétacé inférieur de la Tunisie septentrionale[END_REF], with abnormal contact of Triassic deposits at the base. On the well-exposed intervals, all beds have been identified and drawn on the field notebook (Melliti, Ben Haj Ali and Sabri Arfaoui); however, due to the important thickness of the section JBH-B, the drawn scheme was simplified. Outcrop conditions are sometime less favorable to make a precise observation as some marly-dominated intervals are more or less affected by scree-cover.

The section JBH-A (Fig. 2; 50 m. thick) starts with a metric bed of red sandstone, followed by an alternation of yellowish limestones and gray marls, attributed to the upper Valanginian.

The section JBH-B (Fig. 3ab; 823 m thick) starts after a lateral displacement of 10 m to north-west from the top of section JBH-A. About 20 m of limestone-marl alternations of the upper Valanginian are exposed at the base of the succession. The Hauterivian is represented by 783 m of thickness, including a 65 m gap of observation. The deposits are made of nodulous limestones, yellow in patina and grey colour when broken, and alternating grey marls. The succession is characterized by calcareous bundles that are limestone-dominated intervals (thick calcareous beds and reduction of marl-bed thickness); they are separated by thick marl-dominated intervals. Starting by a sandstone bed (JBH-B3; 3 m, ochre's color), the lower part of the section JBH-B is composed by two calcareous bundles named H1 (JBH-B5 to B20; 34 m) and H2 (JBH-B22 to B32; 27 m), separated by a marly interval. In the middle part of the section JBH-B, the marly interval is characterized by two calcareous bundles, named H3 (JBH-B86 to B97; 24 m) and H4 (JBH-B163 to B170; 28 m), and several more or less continuous sandstones or siltstones beds (above JBH-B32, JBH-B48-59-65-72-75, above JBH-B115, and JBH-B181). In the upper part of the section JBH-B, a succession of thick beds allows to recognize a fifth calcareous interval named H5 (JBH-B202 to B219; 26 m), knows as the "cornice of Jebel Boulahouajeb" of [START_REF] Zargouni | Etude géologique de la chaîne de Lansarine (région de Tébourba, Atlas tunisien[END_REF]. The uppermost part of the section JBH-B is represented by marls and grey limestones attributed to lowermost Barremian (20 m).

Ammonoids

Systematics

The ammonoid fauna of the studied section consists of thirty one genera grouped into fourteen families and nine super-families (Appendix 1), mainly using the classification proposed by [START_REF] Klein | Lower Cretaceous Ammonites I, Perisphinctaceae 1: Himalayitidae, Olcostephanidae, Holcodiscidae, Neocomitidae, Oosterellidae[END_REF], [START_REF] Vermeulen | Endemocerataceae: Pulchelliidae[END_REF], [START_REF] Klein | Lower Cretaceous Ammonites III. Bochianitoidea, Protancyloceratoidea, Ancyloceratoidea, Ptychoceratoidea[END_REF][START_REF] Klein | Lower Cretaceous Ammonites IV. Boreophylloceratoidea, Phylloceratoidea, Lytoceratoidea, Tetragonitoidea, Haploceratoidea including the Upper Cretaceous representatives[END_REF], and [START_REF] Klein | Lower Cretaceous Ammonites V, Desmoceratoidea[END_REF]. As the purpose is not to make a systematic revision, only palaeontological comments are made for some taxa and quantitative data are also given. Further information is available in the papers of [START_REF] Company | Los ammonites del Valanginiense del sector oriental de las Cordilleras Béticas (SE de España)[END_REF], [START_REF] Reboulet | Renouvellement des ammonites en fosse vocontienne à la limite Valanginien-Hauterivien[END_REF], [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF], [START_REF] Bulot | Les formations à ammonites du Crétacé inférieur dans le Sud-Est de la France (Berriasien à Hauterivien) : biostratigraphie, paléontologie et cycles sédimentaires[END_REF], [START_REF] Hoedemaeker | Ammonite distribution around the Hauterivian-Barremian boundary along the Río Argos (Caravaca, SE Spain)[END_REF][START_REF] Hoedemaeker | Genus Pseudothurmannia Spath, 1923 and related subgenera Crioceratites (Balearites) Sarkar, 1954 and C. (Binelliceras) Sarkar, 1977 (Lower Cretaceous Ammonoidea)[END_REF], [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF], [START_REF] Cecca | Latest Hauterivian (Early Cretaceous) ammonites from Umbria-Marche Apennines (Central Italy)[END_REF], [START_REF] Reboulet | Comments and proposals about the Valanginian-lower Hauterivian ammonite zonation of south-eastern France[END_REF], [START_REF] Busnardo | Le Crétacé inférieur de la Veveyse de Châtel (Ultrahelvétique des Préalpes externes; canton de Fribourg, Suisse)[END_REF], [START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF][START_REF] Company | Biotic changes linked to a minor anoxic event (Faraoni Level, latest Hauterivian, Early Cretaceous)[END_REF], [START_REF] Vermeulen | Etude stratigraphique et paléontologique de la famille des Pulchelliidae (Ammonoidea, Ammonitina, Endemocerataceae)[END_REF], [START_REF] Ettachfini | Les ammonites néocomiennes dans l'Atlas atlantique (Maroc) : biostratigraphie, paléontologie, paléobiogéographie et paléoécologie[END_REF], [START_REF] Vermeulen | Ammonites (Ancyloceratina, Turrilitina) nouvelles ou peu connues de l'Hauterivien supérieur[END_REF][START_REF] Vermeulen | L'Hauterivien supérieur et le Barrémien inférieur de la région de Seynes et Belvézet (Gard)[END_REF].

Neocomitids are rare to common and they occur in the lower part of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (section JBH-A, Fig. 2; section JBH-B, Fig. 3a). They are represented by Teschenites (12 specimens), Eleniceras (3 specimens), Lyticoceras (4 specimens; Figs. 4A and4B), Jeanthieuloyites (6 specimens) and Spitidiscus (31 specimens). Due to the relatively bad preservation of the material in these beds, the identification of species is difficult for the first three genera; only few Teschenites subflucticulus (Fig. 4C) have been recognized in beds JBH-A5 and A7. In this interval also occur Jeanthieuloyites keyserlingiformis (Fig. 4D), Jeanthieuloyites quinquestriatus (Fig. 4E) and Jeanthieuloyites solignaci (Figs. 4F and4G).

The first Spitidiscus (identified with doubt) occurs in JBH-B7; the lowest occurrences (LO) of Spitidiscus lorioli (Figs. 4H and4I) and Spitidiscus meneghini (Figs. 4J, 4K, 4L) are recorded in beds JBH-B9 and B10, respectively; only one Spitidiscus rawsoni (Fig. 4M) have been found in bed JBH-B30. Even though Himantoceras is characterized by a crioconic shell, this genus should be assigned to the Neocomitinae (the phyletic relation has been shown by [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | Diversification des ammonoïdes hétéromorphes : l'exemple des Himantoceras. Evolution et changements paléoenvironnementaux au Valanginien[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | Origination of Himantoceras (heteromorphic ammonoids) related to palaeoceanography and climatic changes during the Valanginian. 1 st International Meeting on Correlation of Cretaceous Micro-and Macrofossils, 16-18[END_REF] and not to the Ancyloceratids as kept by [START_REF] Klein | Lower Cretaceous Ammonites III. Bochianitoidea, Protancyloceratoidea, Ancyloceratoidea, Ptychoceratoidea[END_REF]. One specimen of Himantoceras cf. trinodosum (Fig. 4N) has been found in bed JBH-B4.

Olcostephanids are common to frequent in some beds. Among Olcostephanus (62 specimens), Olcostephanus densicostatus (Figs. 5A and5B) has been identified in the section JBH-A (Fig. 2). Jeannoticeras jeannoti (2 specimens; Fig. 5C) has been recorded in beds JBH-B20 and B21 (Fig. 3a).

Oosterellids are rare and this family is represented by three species of Oosterella (8 specimens; Figs 2 and 3a): Oosterella ondulata (Fig. 5D), Oosterella cultrata (Fig. 5E) and

Oosterella cultrataeformis.

Holcodiscids are very rare and only three specimens of Avramidiscus intermedius (Fig. 6A) have been found at the uppermost part of the section JBH-B (beds JBH-B232 and B234; Fig. 3b).

Barremitids are mainly represented by Plesiospitidiscus (50 specimens): Plesiospitidiscus fasciger (Figs. 6B and6C) have been sampled in beds JBH-B18 and B20 (Fig. 3a); the middle part of the section JBH-B is characterized by Plesiospitidiscus subdifficilis (Figs. 6D and6E; Fig. 3b). In this interval, one Abrytusites neumayri (Fig. 6F) has been recorded. Other genera of this family occur in the upper part of the section JBH-B with one Barremites gr. cassida (Fig. 6G), two Montanesiceras cf. dimboviciorensis and two Valdedorsella? uhligi (Fig. 6H).

Pulchelliids are very rare in the section JBH-B and only five specimens of Discoidellia have been recorded (Fig. 3b): Discoidellia cf. couratieri (Figs. 6I and6J) and Discoidellia favrei.

Haploceratids, with Neolissoceras grasianum (Fig. 7A), mainly occurs in the section JBH-A and in the lowermost part of the section JBH-B (13 specimens; Figs. 2 and3a); only one specimen has been sampled in the middle part of the section JBH-B (bed JBH-B163; Fig. 3b).

Phylloceratoids are represented by Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) with 16 specimens (Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) tethys, Fig. 7B; Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) ponticuli)

and Phyllopachyceras with 31 specimens (Phyllopachyceras winkleri, Fig. 7C;

Phyllopachyceras infundibulum, Figs. 7D and7E) which are more frequent in the lower part rather in the upper part of the section JBH-B (Figs. 2 and3ab). This last species has not been found in the section JBH-A (Fig. 2); it seems that the first specimen (identified with doubt) occurs in bed JBH-B9 (Fig. 3a).

Lytoceratids (61 specimens) are represented by Lytoceras subfimbriatum (Figs. 7F and7G); the genus Lytoceras is relatively common (Figs. 2 and3ab).

Crioceratitids are represented by Balearites (69 specimens) and Pseudothurmmania (161 specimens) which are relatively abundant, particularly in beds JBH-B163 and B202, respectively (Fig. 3b). In this work, the opinion of [START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF] is followed:

Balearites balearis, Balearites binelli, Balearites krenkeli and Balearites angulicostatus could constitute a phylogenetic lineage. These species were included in the genus Criocertaties by these authors. More recently, the first three species were considered as belonging to Balearites by [START_REF] Vermeulen | Ammonites (Ancyloceratina, Turrilitina) nouvelles ou peu connues de l'Hauterivien supérieur[END_REF]. However, these both teams have a different conception of the genus Balearites; for [START_REF] Vermeulen | Ammonites (Ancyloceratina, Turrilitina) nouvelles ou peu connues de l'Hauterivien supérieur[END_REF], some species of Pseudothurmannia should be included in Balearites, and these authors do not consider angulicostatus as a Balearites. Taking into account their new data and observations, Matamales and Company (personnal communication, 2017) suggest that the group/lineage balearis-binelli-krenkeliangulicostatus should belong to the genus Balearites. According to [START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF], the evolutionary trend of this group is towards "a stronger ornamentation and a clear differenciation between main and intermediate ribs in the middle ontogenetic stages". The ornamentation of B. balearis is characterized in the middle stages by uniform and dense ribs lacking distinct umbilical tubercules. In bed JBH-B92 (Fig. 3b), three specimens have been identified as B. cf. balearis (Fig. 8A). The second member of the lineage is B. binelli (Figs.

8B to 8E); it differs in the appearance of ribs bundles rising from well-defined umbilical bullae. B. binelli seems relatively frequent as fifteen specimens have been sampled in bed JBH-B163 and numerous Balearites sp. ind. found in this bed probably belong to this species.

The next species of the group is B. krenkeli; a clear differentiation between main and intermediate ribs from quite early ontogenetic stage can be observed. One specimen belonging to bed JBH-B195 is identified with doubt to this species (Fig. 8F). Balearites angulicostatus is the last species of this lineage and the ancestor of Pseudothurmannia forms [START_REF] Hoedemaeker | Ammonite distribution around the Hauterivian-Barremian boundary along the Río Argos (Caravaca, SE Spain)[END_REF][START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF]. In the studied section, two specimens are identified as Balearites cf. angulicostatus (Figs. 8G and8H) in bed JBH-B195. In their work, Company et al. (2003) recognized four species of Pseudothurmannia. These authors observed the consecutive appearance of Pseudothurmannia ohmi, Pseudothurmannia mortilleti and Pseudothurmannia picteti; this evolutionary trend is towards a more involute coiling. They noted that P. ohmi "differs from its ancestor anguliscostatus in having the whorls always in touch and having definitively lost the initial trituberculate stage". In the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, P. mortilleti (Figs. 9A to 9E) is well represented and co-occurs with Pseudothurmannia pseudomalbosi (Figs. 9F, 9G and 10A). Just above this stratigraphic interval, one specimen of P. picteti (Fig. 10B) has been recorded (bed JBH-B219, Fig. 3b). P. ohmi has not been recognized. Taking into account the stratigraphic distribution of the last Balearites and first P. mortilleti found in beds JBH-B195 and JBH-B202, respectively, P. ohmi should take place in this interval (from top JBH-B195 to base JBH-B202) in which first specimens of Pseudothurmannia sp. ind. have been sampled (bed JBH-B200); indeed, according to the distribution of species given by [START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF], Balearites (balearisbinelli-krenkeli-angulicostatus group) and Pseudothurmannia (ohmi-mortilleti-picteti group) do not coexist (no overlapping of their ranges). The identification at the specific level was not possible for the three specimens of Sornayites found in this part of the section JBH-B characterized by numerous Pseudothurmannia.

Emericiceratids (2 specimens: Honnoratia cf. thiollieri; Paraspiticeras sp. ind., Fig. 10C), Leptoceratoidids (4 specimens: Hamulinites sp. ind.; Sabaudiella simplex, Fig. 10D) and Hamulinids (2 specimens: Anahamulina lorioli; Amorina?) are very rare and restricted in the upper part of the section JBH-B (Fig. 3b). Bochianitids (5 specimens: Bochianites neocomiensis) have been found in the section JBH-A and in the lowermost part of the section JBH-B (Figs. 2 and3a).

Biostratigraphic implications

According to the stratigraphic distributions of ammonoid taxa of the studied section (Figs. 2 and3ab), the whole Hauterivian stage is represented in the Jebel Boulahouajeb section. Most of the Hauterivian zones of the Standard zonation [START_REF] Hoedemaeker | Report on the 1 st International Workshop of the IUGS Lower Cretaceous Ammonite Working Group, the "Kilian Group[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | Report on the 6 th International Meeting of the IUGS Lower Cretaceous Ammonite Working Group, the Kilian Group[END_REF] have been recognized. All of these are interval zones and their lower boundary is identified by the LO of the index-species (their upper boundary is identified by the base of the next zone). The main references concerning the stratigraphic distribution of taxa allowing to characterize the zones are indicated.

The section JBH-A belongs to the Criosarasinella furcillata Zone (Fig. 2), of Valanginian age, taking into account the occurrence of Teschenites sp. ind., T. subflucticulus [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | Comments and proposals about the Valanginian-lower Hauterivian ammonite zonation of south-eastern France[END_REF] and J. keyserlingiformis [START_REF] Avram | Representatives of the Family Holcodiscidae SPATH, 1924 (Ammonitina) in Romania[END_REF]. This interval is also marked by the occurrence of Eleniceras sp. ind., O. densicostatus, O. ondulata, J. quinquestriatus and J. solignaci; these taxa are present in the uppermost part of the Valanginian, but they are also known in the lowermost part of the Hauterivian [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF]. The Hauterivian is not characterized here due to the absence of Spitidiscus and P.

unfundibulum.

The Valanginian-Hauterivian boundary can be drawn in the lowermost part of the section JBH-B (Fig. 3a), and is placed at the base of bed JBH-B7 in which a specimen of Spitidiscus sp. ind. has been found. When Acanthodiscus or Breistrofferella are absent (Acanthodiscus radiatus is the index-species of the first zone of the Hautervian stage), the LO of Spitidiscus can be used to characterize the base of the Hauterivian [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF][START_REF] Busnardo | Le Crétacé inférieur de la Veveyse de Châtel (Ultrahelvétique des Préalpes externes; canton de Fribourg, Suisse)[END_REF]. Just below bed JBH-B7, a specimen of H. cf. trinodosum has been recorded in bed JBH-B4. According to [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF] see also [START_REF] Reboulet | Comments and proposals about the Valanginian-lower Hauterivian ammonite zonation of south-eastern France[END_REF], H. trinodosum is restricted to the upper Valanginian. [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF] found in the lowermost part of the A.

radiatus Zone (La Charce section, France) a (or few?) specimen(s) of Himantoceras identified as H. cf. trinodosum. This/these specimen(s) could correspond to Himantoceras n. sp. 2, taxa described by [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF] and located in the basal part of the A. radiatus Zone (only three specimens found in the Les Sias section, France). Consequently, H. trinodosum should be restricted to the upper Valanginian. The A. radiatus Zone is characterized by the occurrences of S. lorioli, S. meneghini and P. infundibulum [START_REF] Bulot | Les formations à ammonites du Crétacé inférieur dans le Sud-Est de la France (Berriasien à Hauterivien) : biostratigraphie, paléontologie et cycles sédimentaires[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF]; all or a part of these taxa are recorded in beds JBH-B9 and B10. The assemblage of the interval JBH-B8 to B10 is also characterized by Teschenites sp. ind., O. cultrata and O. cultrataeformis. The bed JBH-B9 could correspond to the middle part of the A. radiatus Zone as the range of these Oosterrelid species ends in the lower part of this zone in SE France and the range of P. unfundibulum starts in its upper part [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF].

The Crioceratites loryi Zone is not directly characterized as the index-species has not been found. In the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, the highest occurrence (HO) of S. meneghini and S. lorioli (in bed JBH-B11) is used to put the lower boundary of this zone at the base of bed JBH-B12 (Fig. 3a). Even if [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF] noted the occurrence of S. meneghini in the lowermost part of the C. loryi Zone, it seems that these both species of Spitidiscus are mainly restricted in the A. radiatus Zone (see [START_REF] Bulot | Les formations à ammonites du Crétacé inférieur dans le Sud-Est de la France (Berriasien à Hauterivien) : biostratigraphie, paléontologie et cycles sédimentaires[END_REF].

The Lyticoceras nodosoplicatum Zone has been recognized with the LO of Lyticoceras sp.

ind. in bed JBH-B20 (Fig. 3a). The fact that this taxa co-occurs with P. fasciger, in bed JBH-B20, and J. jeannoti, in beds JBH-B20 and 21, allows to characterize the lowermost part of the zone (the Olcostephanus variegatus Horizon; [START_REF] Bulot | Les formations à ammonites du Crétacé inférieur dans le Sud-Est de la France (Berriasien à Hauterivien) : biostratigraphie, paléontologie et cycles sédimentaires[END_REF]. Lyticoceras sp. ind. and S. rawsoni have been found in beds JBH-B24 and B30, respectively; according to [START_REF] Bulot | Les formations à ammonites du Crétacé inférieur dans le Sud-Est de la France (Berriasien à Hauterivien) : biostratigraphie, paléontologie et cycles sédimentaires[END_REF] and [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF] these both taxa are restricted to the L. nodosoplicatum Zone.

The Subsaynella sayni and Plesiospitidiscus ligatus Zones have not been identified as the interval from the top of JBH-B30 to the base of JBH-B86 has not been sampled for macrofauna (Fig. 3a). Consequently, the upper boundary of the L. nodosoplicatum Zone is provisionnaly placed at the top of bed JBH-B30.

The Balearites balearis Zone is well identified in the studied section. Its base is placed at the base of bed JBH-B92 in which several specimens of Balearites sp. ind. and B. cf. balearis have been recorded (Fig. 3b). Two specimens identified with doubt to the genus Balearites have been found in beds JBH-B86 and B89. This interval is also characterized by the occurrence of P. subdifficilis and D. cf. couratieri; according to [START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF], the LO of these two latter species are at the base of the B. balearis Zone. These observations could be in favour to place the base of this zone at bed JBH-B86. However, even if the acme of D. couratieri occurs in the B. balearis Zone [START_REF] Vermeulen | Nouvelle tripartition de la famille des Pulchelliidae (Ammonoidea) illustrée par la description de trois espèces des Alpes de Haute Provence[END_REF], the LO of D. couratieri is in the lower part of the P. ligatus Zone [START_REF] Vermeulen | Etude stratigraphique et paléontologique de la famille des Pulchelliidae (Ammonoidea, Ammonitina, Endemocerataceae)[END_REF]. Due to the difficulty in identifying the different species of Plesiospitidiscus and considering that their stratigraphic distribution is not well known around the interval of the P. ligatus Zone, it is preferable not to put the base The Pseudothurmannia ohmi Zone is well characterized. Its lower boundary is placed at the base of bed JBH-B200 where one specimen of Pseudothurmannia sp. ind. has been recorded (Fig. 3b). As observed by [START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF] for the SE Spain, the HO of L. subfimbriatum and P. subdifficilis are recorded in the lower part of the zone of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section; a comparison with their work can also be done for V.? cf. uhligi, M. cf. dimboviciorense and D. favrei that are sampled in the P. ohmi Zone of the studied section.

The base of the Pseudothurmannia mortilleti Subzone is placed at the base of bed JBH-B202

where its index-species first occurs. Its range is similar to that of P. pseudomalbosi; this is in accordance with the data of [START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF]. The lower boundary of P. picteti Subzone is put at the base of bed JBH-B219. This subzone is difficult to characterize as there is a large stratigraphic interval (65 m in thickness) without observation.

The Hauterivian-Barremian boundary is provisionaly placed at the base of bed JBH-B232 where the LO of A. intermedius is recorded (Fig. 3b), even if this species first occurs in the uppermost part of the P. picteti Subzone as observed by [START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF]. The base of the Barremian stage is also characterized by the presence of B. gr. cassida found in bed JBH-B234.

Foraminifera

Systematics

The micropaleontological study of planktic foraminifera is based essentially on the work of [START_REF] Moullade | Zones de Foraminifères du Crétacé inférieur mésogéen[END_REF], [START_REF] Caron | Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera[END_REF], [START_REF] Premoli-Silva | Practical manual of Cretaceous Planktonic foraminifera[END_REF], [START_REF] Haj | Les foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé (Hauterivien à Turonien inférieur) de Tunisie : systématique, biozonation et précisions stratigraphiques[END_REF]2006), [START_REF] Haj | Northern Tunisian Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphic Approach Using Ammonites and Microfaunas: A Model for the Tethys Southern Margin[END_REF]Appendix 2). Their determination is often difficult due to the very small size of the studied specimens; the problem of the identification of the lowermost Cretaceous planktic foraminifera was also noted by [START_REF] Cecca | Hauterivian-Barremian chronostratigraphy based on ammonites, nannofossils, planktonic foraminifera and magnetic chrons from the Mediterranean domain[END_REF] and [START_REF] Coccioni | Planktonic foraminifera from the Lower Cretaceous of Río Argos sections (southern Spain) and biostratigraphic implications[END_REF]. As also underlined by these authors for this interval in Italy and Spain respectively, the planktic foraminiferal assemblages of the Boulahouajeb section is poorly diversified; this was also observed in north-west Tunisia by [START_REF] Haj | Les foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé (Hauterivien à Turonien inférieur) de Tunisie : systématique, biozonation et précisions stratigraphiques[END_REF] and Ben Haj Ali and Memmi (2013). In the studied section (Fig. 11), Favusellids are represented by Favusella hoterivica (Figs. 12A and12B). Praehedbergellids are composed by two genera: Gorbachikella, represented by Gorbachikella kugleri (Figs. 12C and12D), Gorbachikella anteroapertura (Fig. 12E) and Gorbachikella grandiapertura, and Praehedbergella represented by Praehedbergella sigali (Figs. 12F to 12H). Planktic foraminifera occur only in the upper part of the section (Fig 11). They are rare to very rare but P. sigali is more abundant in the upper part of its range. The low abundance of the small planktic forms in the Valanginian and Hauterivian stages is also noted by [START_REF] Coccioni | Planktonic foraminifera from the Lower Cretaceous of Río Argos sections (southern Spain) and biostratigraphic implications[END_REF].

Benthic foraminifera are represented by thirty six taxa, which constitute the main part of the assemblages (Fig. 11). Their palaeontological study is based on [START_REF] Moullade | Zones de Foraminifères du Crétacé inférieur mésogéen[END_REF][START_REF] Neagu | Monographie de la faune des Foraminifères éocrétacés du couloir de la Dîmbovicioara, de Codlea et des Monts Persani (Couches de Carhaga)[END_REF], and [START_REF] Holbourn | Valanginian to Barremian benthic foraminifera from ODP Site 766 (Leg 123, Indian Ocean)[END_REF]. In the studied section, calcareous taxa are represented by nine genera (Lenticulina, Dentalina, Frondicularia, Marginulinopsis, Catharina, Ramulina, Marginulina, Spirillina and Gavelinella) including twenty two species/taxa. The agglutinated foraminifera, that are generally less frequent, are composed by five genera (Dorothia, Marsonella, Ammodiscidus, Bathysiphon and Rhizimina) including fourteen species/taxa. A poor assemblage of benthic foraminifera is recorded in the upper Valanginian interval (6 samples; from JBH-B1 to B6) that is characterized by the occurrence of rare Lenticulina roemeri (Fig. 12I). A moderate diversification is observed in the lower Hauterivian of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section. A stronger increase of number of taxa is recorded from the lowermost part of the upper Hauterivian (from level JBH-B76 to the top of the section). The foraminiferal succession for the studied Hauterivian section is subdivided into nine assemblages based on changes in the composition of dominant taxa and on occurrences of species with biochronological interest: Lenticulina eichenbergi (Fig. 12J), Dorothia lilliformis (Fig. 12K), Lenticulina multicella (Fig. 12L), Dorothia praehauteriviana (Fig. 12M), Lenticulina ouachensis ouachensis (Fig. 12N), Dorothia kummi (Fig. 12O), Dorothia zedlerae (Fig. 12P), Lenticulina rotulata (Fig. 12Q) and Gavellinella barremiana (Fig. 12R). These index-species are accompanied by other abundant benthic species (Fig. 11).

Biostratigraphic implications

The planktic foraminifera zonation adopted in this work (Fig. 11) corresponds to the local zonal scheme established by [START_REF] Haj | Les foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé (Hauterivien à Turonien inférieur) de Tunisie : systématique, biozonation et précisions stratigraphiques[END_REF] and [START_REF] Haj | Northern Tunisian Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphic Approach Using Ammonites and Microfaunas: A Model for the Tethys Southern Margin[END_REF].

Contrary to [START_REF] Maamouri | Le Crétacé inférieur du Jebel Oust (Tunisie nord-orientale) : microstratigraphie -biozonation -aperçu sédimentologique[END_REF], benthic foraminifera are not used here to define foraminiferal subzones because the occurrence and distribution of the group is highly controlled by local ecological conditions (see [START_REF] Moullade | Zones de Foraminifères du Crétacé inférieur mésogéen[END_REF].

No planktic forms have been observed in the uppermost Valanginian-lower Hauterivian of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section. This could be partly explained by the difficulty to identify specimens due to their small size. [START_REF] Salaj | Foraminifers and detailed microbiostratigraphy of the boundary beds of the lower Cretaceous stages in the Tunisian Atlas[END_REF] and [START_REF] Haj | Les foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé (Hauterivien à Turonien inférieur) de Tunisie : systématique, biozonation et précisions stratigraphiques[END_REF] see also [START_REF] Haj | Northern Tunisian Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphic Approach Using Ammonites and Microfaunas: A Model for the Tethys Southern Margin[END_REF] have noted that the LO of planktic foraminifera are respectively at the base of the lower Hauterivian and the base of the upper Hauterivian. The low diversification of the lowermost Cretaceous foraminiferal planktic assemblages and their scarceness [START_REF] Coccioni | Planktonic foraminifera from the Lower Cretaceous of Río Argos sections (southern Spain) and biostratigraphic implications[END_REF][START_REF] Cecca | Hauterivian-Barremian chronostratigraphy based on ammonites, nannofossils, planktonic foraminifera and magnetic chrons from the Mediterranean domain[END_REF][START_REF] Robaszynski | Foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé : commentaire de la zonation Europe-Méditerranée[END_REF] could also explain why these microfossils have not been found in this interval of the studied section.

In the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, only five planktic foraminifera species have been recorded in the upper Hauterivian-lowermost Barremian interval. The first bioevent (JBH-B37 at the lowermost part of the upper Hauterivian) is characterized by the LO of Favusella hoterivica.

The F. hoterivica Interval Range Zone is identified by the LO of the index-species [START_REF] Van Hinte | The Cretaceous time scale and planktonic foraminiferal zones[END_REF]. In the Cretaceous Mediterranean zonal scheme based on planktic forminifera, [START_REF] Sigal | Essai de zonation du Crétacé méditerranéen à l'aide des foraminifères planctoniques[END_REF] indicated that "Caucasella gr. hauterivica-kugleri" first occurs at the base of the upper Hauterivian (see also [START_REF] Caron | Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera[END_REF]. In Tunisia (Jebel Oust area), F. hoterivica first occurs at the base of the Hauterivian [START_REF] Salaj | Foraminifers and detailed microbiostratigraphy of the boundary beds of the lower Cretaceous stages in the Tunisian Atlas[END_REF]. For [START_REF] Maamouri | Le Crétacé inférieur du Jebel Oust (Tunisie nord-orientale) : microstratigraphie -biozonation -aperçu sédimentologique[END_REF], the "Globuligerina hoterivica Zone" characterizes the Hauterivian stage. According to Coccioni and Premoli-Silva (1994), the "mean range" of "C. hauterivica" starts at the base of the Hauterivian (synthetic data); however these authors indicated that the LO of this species in SE Spain is at the base of "Thurmanniceras" pertransiens Zone (base of the Valanginian).

According to Ascoli (1988 in Robaszynski and[START_REF] Robaszynski | Foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé : commentaire de la zonation Europe-Méditerranée[END_REF], the LO of F. hoterivica could be lower, in the middle-late Berriasian in the NW Atlantic margin of North America. In the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, only a short part of the stratigraphic range of F. hoterivica is recorded corresponding to the lower part of the upper Hauterivian. Consequently, it is not really possible to identify this zone in the studied section.

The second set of bioevents concerns the LO of three species belonging to Gorbachikella: G. kugleri, G. anteroapertura and G. grandiapertura in levels JBH-B73, B91, B109, respectively. As previously evoked, the range of "Caucasella gr. hauterivica-kugleri" would start at the base of the upper Hauterivian [START_REF] Sigal | Essai de zonation du Crétacé méditerranéen à l'aide des foraminifères planctoniques[END_REF]. In north Tunisia, BouDagher-Fadel et al. (1995) indicated that G. kugleri occurs in the Hauterivian and its range goes up to the lower Aptian. [START_REF] Haj | Les foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé (Hauterivien à Turonien inférieur) de Tunisie : systématique, biozonation et précisions stratigraphiques[END_REF] recorded the LO of G. kugleri at the base of the upper Hauterivian and she defined the G. kugleri Interval Zone that characterized this substage (see also [START_REF] Haj | Northern Tunisian Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphic Approach Using Ammonites and Microfaunas: A Model for the Tethys Southern Margin[END_REF]. When [START_REF] Boudagher-Fadel | Gorbachikella from the Hauterivian, Barremian-Aptian of Tunisia[END_REF] described the new species G. grandiapertura and G. anteroapertura they did not provide their stratigraphic distribution; the authors indicated that G. grandiapertura ranges in Tunisia from Hauterivian to Barremian, and G. anteroapertura ranges from the upper Hauterivian to lower Aptian. For [START_REF] Haj | Les foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé (Hauterivien à Turonien inférieur) de Tunisie : systématique, biozonation et précisions stratigraphiques[END_REF], these two species allow to characterize the G. kugleri Zone. Refering to the zonal scheme of this author, the LO of G. kugleri in the Jebel Boulahouajeb section is used to indicate the base of the G. kugleri Zone that is also characterized by G. grandiapertura and G. anteroapertura (Fig. 11).

The third bioevent in the planktic distribution of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section is the LO of Praehedbergella sigali in level JBH-B221. For [START_REF] Sigal | Essai de zonation du Crétacé méditerranéen à l'aide des foraminifères planctoniques[END_REF], "Hedbergella sigali" first occurs at the base of the Barremian (see also [START_REF] Caron | Cretaceous planktonic foraminifera[END_REF]. It is the index-species of the first planktic foraminifera zone of this stage; this interval zone was defined by [START_REF] Moullade | Etude stratigraphique et micropaléontologique du Crétacé inférieur de la "fosse vocontienne[END_REF]. For [START_REF] Maamouri | Le Crétacé inférieur du Jebel Oust (Tunisie nord-orientale) : microstratigraphie -biozonation -aperçu sédimentologique[END_REF], H. sigali should be put in synonymy with Hedbergella tuschpsensis; its LO is recorded at the base of the Barremian and this defined the base of the H. tuschpsensis Interval Zone. According to [START_REF] Coccioni | Planktonic foraminifera from the Lower Cretaceous of Río Argos sections (southern Spain) and biostratigraphic implications[END_REF], the "mean range" of "H. sigali" starts at the base of the Barremian (synthetic data); however, these authors indicated that this species first occurs at the base of "T." pertransiens Zone in SE Spain. [START_REF] Robaszynski | Foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé : commentaire de la zonation Europe-Méditerranée[END_REF] underlined that H. sigali is rare in the Valanginian and becomes more frequent during the Hauterivian and Barremian. More recently, Premoli-Silva et al. ( 2017) confirmed that H. sigali is already present in the upper Hauterivian of SE Spain. [START_REF] Haj | Les foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé (Hauterivien à Turonien inférieur) de Tunisie : systématique, biozonation et précisions stratigraphiques[END_REF] was the first to recognize the P. sigali Zone as the first zone of the Barremian in Tunisia (see also [START_REF] Haj | Northern Tunisian Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphic Approach Using Ammonites and Microfaunas: A Model for the Tethys Southern Margin[END_REF]. In the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, a similar observation is done; the base of the P. sigali Zone is placed in the uppermost part of the Hauterivian where the LO of its index-species is recorded.

Discussion

Integrated biostratigraphy: ammonoid and foraminifera zonations

The callibration of the ammonoid and planktic foraminifera zonations proposed here is restricted to the upper Hauterivian-lowermost Barremian of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (Figs. 3 and 11). The LO of G. kugleri and G. anteroapertura are in the upper part of the S. sayni-P. ligatus Zones. G. grandiapertura first occurs in the lowermost part of the B. balearis (Sub-)Zone. These three foraminifera species also occur in the P. ohmi Zone. So, they characterize the upper Hauterivian as observed in other Tunisian sections by [START_REF] Boudagher-Fadel | Gorbachikella from the Hauterivian, Barremian-Aptian of Tunisia[END_REF], [START_REF] Haj | Les foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé (Hauterivien à Turonien inférieur) de Tunisie : systématique, biozonation et précisions stratigraphiques[END_REF], and Ben Haj Ali and Memmi (2013). Taking into account the ammonoid distributions of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, the base of the Barremian is placed at bed JBH-B232 (LO of A. intermedius), and so the LO of P. sigali (JBH-B221) is recorded in the upper part of the P. ohmi Zone (P. picteti Subzone). However, the Hauterivian-Barremian boundary could be lowered at level JBH-B221 where the LO of P. sigali is recorded. Indeed, as the ammonoid Taveraidiscus hugii (index-species of the first Barremian zone) has not been found, this boundary can be placed between the HO of Pseudothurmannia (in bed JBH-B219; this genus is restricted in the uppermost part of the Hauterivian; [START_REF] Busnardo | Le Crétacé inférieur de la Veveyse de Châtel (Ultrahelvétique des Préalpes externes; canton de Fribourg, Suisse)[END_REF][START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF][START_REF] Hoedemaeker | Genus Pseudothurmannia Spath, 1923 and related subgenera Crioceratites (Balearites) Sarkar, 1954 and C. (Binelliceras) Sarkar, 1977 (Lower Cretaceous Ammonoidea)[END_REF] and the LO of A. intermedius (bed JBH-B232). In this interval, ammonoid species with a biostratigraphic interest as D. favrei and B. cf. dimboviciorensis are rare and they can occur in the P. ohmi and T. hugii Zones. The proposal to put the base of the Barremian stage at level JBH-B221 could be supported considering that P. sigali is the index-species of the first Barremian zone in Tunisia. However, as previously evoked, the LO of P. sigali is placed lower in other areas of the Tethyan realm (base of the Valanginian in Spain). Consequently, the Hauterivian-Barremian boundary is kept at the base of bed JBH-B232.

Correlations: Jebel Boulahouajeb and Jebel Oust sections

The Jebel Boulahouajeb section is correlated with the Jebel Oust section (Fig. 13) that is considered as the reference section for the northern Tunisian lower Cretaceous series (see Introduction chapter). This correlation is made using the biostratigraphic data (ammonoids and foraminifera), and the lithologic changes.

The ammonoid zonation of the Jebel Oust section was made by [START_REF] Memmi | Biostratigraphie du Crétacé inférieur de la Tunisie nord-orientale[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF]; it is not complete for some intervals as some zones were not recognized by the author and the boundaries between some zones are not defined. Memmi (1989, p. 64) underlined that her zonal scheme is based on the zonation established for SE France and SE Spain; however she quoted authors who have worked on the Tithonian to lowermost Hauterivian. For the Hautervian, it seems that Memmi (1989) mainly used the zonal scheme established by [START_REF] Moullade | Les zones d'ammonites du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien vocontiens[END_REF] and [START_REF] Thieuloy | Les ammonites boréales des formations néocomiennes du Sud-Est français (Province subméditerranéenne)[END_REF] for SE France; the correlation between this former zonal scheme and a more recent version is established by [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF]their Table 1). [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] replaced the A. radiatus Zone by the Breistrofferella castellanensis Zone used by [START_REF] Company | Los ammonites del Valanginiense del sector oriental de las Cordilleras Béticas (SE de España)[END_REF]. Her zonal scheme included the J. jeannoti Zone, now considered as the second subzone of the C. loryi Zone in the standard zonation [START_REF] Reboulet | Report on the 6 th International Meeting of the IUGS Lower Cretaceous Ammonite Working Group, the Kilian Group[END_REF]. [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] considered that the S. sayni and P. ligatus Zones should be separated but the author grouped them as she was not able to distinguish them in the Jebel Oust section, and also in other northern Tunisian sections (see [START_REF] Memmi | Biostratigraphie du Crétacé inférieur de la Tunisie nord-orientale[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF]. For the uppermost Hauterivian, [START_REF] Memmi | Biostratigraphie du Crétacé inférieur de la Tunisie nord-orientale[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] considered the "Balearites balearis-Pseudothurmannia angulicostata Zone". For this interval, she recognized in some sections (as Jebel Bou Kornine) ammonoid assemblages with both index-species and also "Crioceratites krenkeli and Pseudothurmannia mortilleti". The B. balearis Zone was introduced by [START_REF] Busnardo | Crétacé inférieur : échelles biostratigraphiques[END_REF]. In [START_REF] Haj | Northern Tunisian Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphic Approach Using Ammonites and Microfaunas: A Model for the Tethys Southern Margin[END_REF], the Hauterivian zonal scheme of [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] was slightly modified with the introduction of the B. balearis Zone; however, the B. castellanensis Zone and the S. sayni-P. ligatus Zone are kept. For the lower Barremian, [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] did not use the zonal scheme established by [START_REF] Busnardo | Rapport sur l'étage Barrémien. Colloque sur le Crétacé inférieur (Lyon, septembre 1963)[END_REF] see also [START_REF] Sornay | Barrémien. Lexique Stratigraphique International[END_REF][START_REF] Roger | (coord.), Les étages français et leurs stratotypes[END_REF] for the stratotype of Angles section (France) and she replaced the "Nicklesia pulchella Zone" by her "Holcodiscus caillaudi Zone". For the upper Barremian, [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] used the "Silesites seranonis-Barremites strettostoma Zone" that corresponds to the "Silesites seranonis Zone" of [START_REF] Busnardo | Rapport sur l'étage Barrémien. Colloque sur le Crétacé inférieur (Lyon, septembre 1963)[END_REF]. This latter author subdived this zone in three subzones recognized by [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] in the Jebel Oust section. For the northern Tunisia, Ben Haj Ali and Memmi (2013) used the Barremian zonal scheme of [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF].

Ammonoid taxa with a biostratigraphic interest for the Jebel Oust locality have been reported on the redrawn section (Fig. 13). Unfortunately, it was impossible to check the identifications of this material; the ammonoids studied by [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] are not illustrated, except for few taxa occurring around the lower-upper Valanginian and Valanginian-Hauterivian boundaries [START_REF] Memmi | Sur quelques ammonites du Valanginien de "l'Oued Guelta" (Tunisie)[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Remarques sur les Oosterella (Ammonoidea) du "sillon tunisien" oriental[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Neohoploceras solignaci, Ammonite nouvelle de l'Hauterivien de Tunisie[END_REF] and, for the moment, the Memmi's collection is not accessible.

The interval around the Valanginian-Hauterivian boundary in the Jebel Oust section is relatively well characterized by assemblages allowing to [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] to define the uppermost zone of the Valanginian, the "Teschenites callidiscus Zone" (= T. callidiscus Subzone of the C. furcillata Zone in the standard zonation), and the first zone of the Hauterivian, the "B. castellanensis Zone" (= A. radiatus Zone in the standard zonation). Even if this latter index-species has not been found, [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] put the base of the Hauterivian stage at the first bed of Formation 5 (but no ammonoid sampled in this bed; Fig. 13). The genus Oosterella is well represented around the boundary and [START_REF] Busnardo | La série infracrétacée du Djebel Oust (Tunisie)[END_REF] defined a "Oosterella interval" corresponding to Formations 4e, 5 to 7 (see also [START_REF] Memmi | VI e Colloque Africain de Micropaléontologie, Livret-guide des excursions[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Biostratigraphie du Crétacé inférieur de la Tunisie nord-orientale[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF][START_REF] Maamouri | Le Crétacé inférieur du Jebel Oust (Tunisie nord-orientale) : microstratigraphie -biozonation -aperçu sédimentologique[END_REF]. In SE France, oosterellids are more represented in the upper Valanginian but they also occur in the lowermost Hauterivian (mainly in the A. radiatus Zone; Reboulet, 1996, and references therein). The LO of P.

infundibulum is recorded at the top of Formation 5 of the Jebel Oust section; Memmi (1989, p. 71) suggested that the LO of this species could be in her "B. castellanensis Zone". In SE France, the same observation is made and the LO of P. infundibulum is recorded in the upper part of the A. radiatus Zone [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF]. The correlative datum (key horizon) for the Jebel Boulahouajeb and Jebel Oust sections is placed at the base of bed JBH-B7 (near the base of the calcareous bundle H1) and the first bed of Formation 5, respectively.

The C. loryi Zone was not recognized in the Jebel Oust section [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF]. The author underlined (p. 46 and 72) that a fault occurs between the formations 7 ("B. castellanensis Zone") and 8 ("Olcostephanus (Jeannoticeras) jeannoti Zone"). In the current standard zonation, J. jeannoti is the index-species of the second subzone of the C. loryi Zone. In SE France, the LO of J. jeannoti is in the upper part of the C. loryi Zone and its HO is in the lowermost part of the L. nodosoplicatum Zone [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | Comments and proposals about the Valanginian-lower Hauterivian ammonite zonation of south-eastern France[END_REF]. Consequently, the lower part of Formation 8 of the Jebel Oust section in which J. jeannoti occurs is correlated with the upper part of the C. loryi Zone and the lowermost part of the L. nodosoplicatum Zone of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section where J. jeannoti has been also found (beds JBH-B20 and B21); thus, the upper part of Formation 8 should belong to the L. nodosoplicatum Zone (see below).

The L. nodosoplicatum Zone was not clairly identified in the Jebel Oust section; this zone was not separated from the S. sayni and P. ligatus Zones. [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] probably used these zones sensu [START_REF] Moullade | Les zones d'ammonites du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien vocontiens[END_REF] or sensu [START_REF] Thieuloy | Les ammonites boréales des formations néocomiennes du Sud-Est français (Province subméditerranéenne)[END_REF]. Bulot et al. (1993, p. 46) recognized two successive populations of Subsaynella: S. sayni and Subsaynella mimica (see also [START_REF] Thieuloy | Ammonites du Crétacé inférieur du Sud-Est de la France : 1. Nouvelles espèces à valeur stratigraphique pour le Valanginien et l'Hauterivien[END_REF]. In the first interval, they identified an assemblage made of "true" S. sayni, Cruasiceras cruasense and Abrytusites juliani. Consequently, the base of the S. sayni Zone sensu [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF] was lowered and C. cruasense became the indexspecies of the first horizon of this zone; these authors underlined (p. 50) that S. mimica, classically identified to S. sayni, was considered in literature as the index-species to place the base of the S. sayni auctorum Zone (see [START_REF] Moullade | Les zones d'ammonites du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien vocontiens[END_REF][START_REF] Busnardo | Crétacé inférieur : échelles biostratigraphiques[END_REF]Hoedemaecker et al, 1990). In the second interval, [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF] identified an assemblage characterized by S. mimica (= S. sayni auctorum), P. ligatus sensu stricto (= sensu d'Orbigny; not sensu [START_REF] Moullade | Les zones d'ammonites du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien vocontiens[END_REF] and S. rotula. Thus, the base of the P. ligatus Zone sensu [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF] was lowered and its top was defined by the LO of B. balearis; P. ligatus sensu lato (= sensu [START_REF] Moullade | Les zones d'ammonites du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien vocontiens[END_REF] occurs higher in the P. ligatus Zone sensu [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF].

Among ammonoids found by [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] in the lowermost part of Formation 9, there are "Neocomites gr. nodosoplicatus", S. sayni, Abrytusites juliani, P. ligatus and Spitidiscus rotula. This author probably used the occurrence of "Neocomites gr. nodosoplicatus" to characterize the lower part of Formation 9 to the L. nodosoplicatum Zone. However, it is difficult to use this assemblage of five taxa for correlations with the Jebel Boulahouajeb section. Indeed, according to the stratigraphic distribution of ammonoids given by [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF] for the interval around the lower-upper Hauterivian boundary in SE France, all these five species cannot co-occur together. A. juliani can be found with "true" S. sayni in the lowermost part of the S. sayni Zone sensu [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF], and S. rotula co-occurs with "true" P. ligatus in the lower part of the P. ligatus Zone sensu [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF]. Therefore, the identification of some species made by [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] must be interpreted differently. As L. nodosoplicatum is only present in the lower part of the L. nodosoplicatum Zone sensu [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF], it can be considered here that the specimen(s) identified by Memmi as "N. gr. nodosoplicatus" could correspond to Lyticoceras claveli or Lyticoceras kiliani, that occur in the upper part of this zone in SE France [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF][START_REF] Bulot | Les formations à ammonites du Crétacé inférieur dans le Sud-Est de la France (Berriasien à Hauterivien) : biostratigraphie, paléontologie et cycles sédimentaires[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | Comments and proposals about the Valanginian-lower Hauterivian ammonite zonation of south-eastern France[END_REF], or to C. cruasense, that occurs in the lower part of the S. sayni Zone in SE France [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF][START_REF] Bulot | Les formations à ammonites du Crétacé inférieur dans le Sud-Est de la France (Berriasien à Hauterivien) : biostratigraphie, paléontologie et cycles sédimentaires[END_REF]. In this case, P. ligatus and S. rotula were probably also misidentified at the specific level (the identification of these taxa is difficult, more particularly to distinguish the different species of Plesiospitidiscus). Consequently, according to this new interpretation, the lower part of Formation 9 in the Jebel Oust section could belong to the S. sayni Zone. However, the lowermost part of Formation 9 could belong to the L. nodosoplicatum Zone as the assemblage described by [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] is located around 35 meters above the base of this formation. For this reason, the stratigraphic interval corresponding to the upper part of Formation 8 and lower part of Formation 9 is correlated with the calcareous bundle H2 of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section in which the boundary between the L. nodosoplicatum and S. sayni Zones is placed (at the top of JBH-B30). This correlation is also supported by the lithologic change observed above; from the base to the top of Formation 9 of the Jebel Oust section, the sedimentation becomes more marly as observed in the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (between beds JBH-B32 and B86). It is interesting to note that in SE France (Vocontian basin), the limestone-marl alternations are mainly characterized by thick calcareous beds and thinner marly interbeds in the lower Hauterivian, and it is the opposite in the lower part of the upper Hauterivian for which marly interbeds are generally thicker, with relatively thin calcareous beds in the S. sayni Zone (see [START_REF] Ferry | La modulation eustatique du signal orbital dans les sediments pélagiques[END_REF][START_REF] Bulot | Les formations à ammonites du Crétacé inférieur dans le Sud-Est de la France (Berriasien à Hauterivien) : biostratigraphie, paléontologie et cycles sédimentaires[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF].

In all sections studied by [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF], the S. sayni and P. ligatus Zones have not been separated. The author (p. 72) underlined that both index-species have been found in same beds, as recorded in the uppermost part of Formation 9 at Jebel Oust (Fig. 13) and she suggested that a condensation cannot be excluded. This hypothesis appears unlikely for most of northeastern Tunisian sections, often characetrized by dilated series. A misidentification of some taxa could be an alternative; thus, new interpertations of identification can be proposed here for the specimens located in the uppermost part of Formation 9 and three biostratigraphic implications can be evoked as follows (a to c). a) If the identification of S. sayni made by [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] is correct, that of P. ligatus is wrong (see above); in this case, this interval could correspond to the S. sayni Zone (its upper part). b) If her identification of P. ligatus is correct, the specimen(s) identified as S. sayni by [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] could be interpreted here as S. mimica (see above), for which the LO is in the upper part of the S. sayni Zone sensu [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF] and its HO is in the lower part of the P. ligatus Zone sensu [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF] in SE France [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF][START_REF] Bulot | Les formations à ammonites du Crétacé inférieur dans le Sud-Est de la France (Berriasien à Hauterivien) : biostratigraphie, paléontologie et cycles sédimentaires[END_REF]. Consequently, the uppermost part of Formation 9 (represented by two thick calcareous beds) could belong to the lower part of the P. ligatus Zone and the base of this calcareous interval could be correlated with the base of bed JBH-B86 in the Jebel Boulahouajeb section where the sedimentation becomes more calcareous (bundle H3). c) The specimens of S. sayni located in the uppermost part of Formation 9 could belong to Discoidellia. Indeed, [START_REF] Vermeulen | Sur quelques espèces de Pulchelliidae (Ammonoidea, Ammonitina) de l'Hauterivien et du Barrémien du Sud-Est de la France[END_REF] evoked the great morphological affinities between some species of Discoidellia and Subsaynella, and their phyletic relation. Taking into account the stratigraphic distribution of Discoidellia [START_REF] Vermeulen | Nouvelle tripartition de la famille des Pulchelliidae (Ammonoidea) illustrée par la description de trois espèces des Alpes de Haute Provence[END_REF][START_REF] Vermeulen | Sur quelques espèces de Pulchelliidae (Ammonoidea, Ammonitina) de l'Hauterivien et du Barrémien du Sud-Est de la France[END_REF], this genus can occur in the B. balearis Zone with Plesiospitidiscus. The specimen(s) of P. ligatus occuring in the uppermost part of Formation 9 can be correspond to the P. ligatus sensu lato, for which the distribution ends in the lowermost part of the B. balearis Zone according to [START_REF] Bulot | Le cadre stratigraphique du Valanginien supérieur et de l'Hauterivien du Sud-Est de la France: définition de biochronozones et caractérisation de nouveaux biohorizons[END_REF]. These ammonites could be also misidentified and could correspond to P. subdifficilis that occur in the B. balearis Zone (Figs. 3b and 13). Consequently, the couple of calcareous beds located in the uppermost part of Formation 9 could belong to the lower part of the B.

balearis Zone and could be correlated with the couple of calcareous beds JBH-B163 and B170 (bundle H4). In this case, the lithologic changes seem more similar in both sections than those observed in the previous attemp of correlations. [START_REF] Memmi | Biostratigraphie du Crétacé inférieur de la Tunisie nord-orientale[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] has not used the B. balearis Zone in her zonal scheme of the northeastern Tunisian area; she considered the "B. balearis-P. angulicostata Zone" (see above). In the zonation of the Jebel Oust section, [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] indicated the "P.

angulicostata Zone" (= P. ohmi Zone in the standard zonation) for Formation 11 in which she found the index-species and P. mortilleti. This allows to correlate the couple of calcareous beds of this formation with the couple of calcareous beds JBH-B202 and B219 of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section as this bundle H5 mainly belongs to the P. mortilleti Subzone.

Consequently, Formation 10 (no ammonoid sampling) is correlated with the interval belonging to the B. balearis Zone in the Jebel Boulahouajeb section.

Above the calcareous bundle of the P. ohmi Zone, the sedimentation becomes more argillaceous and a thick marly interval occurs in both sections. In the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, the Hautervian-Barremian boundary is placed in the uppermost part of this interval (bed JBH-B232 corresponding to the base of T. hugii Zone), while [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] placed this boundary at the base of Formation 12. The author indicated the "H. caillaudi Zone" for this formation despite the lack of the index-species. [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF] underlined that the assemblage of this zone is very poor; among few identified taxa, she recognized the genus Valdedorsella. In the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, the LO of Valdedorsella? uhligi is at the top of P. mortilleti Subzone (top of the calcareous bundle H5). So, the Barremian age of Formation 12 of the Jebel Oust section is probably given by the planktic foraminiferal Hedbergella sigali Zone reported by Memmi and[START_REF] Memmi | VI e Colloque Africain de Micropaléontologie, Livret-guide des excursions[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF].

Classically, this zone is considered as the first zone of the Barremian in Tunisia (see above and [START_REF] Haj | Les foraminifères planctoniques du Crétacé (Hauterivien à Turonien inférieur) de Tunisie : systématique, biozonation et précisions stratigraphiques[END_REF], but some authors as [START_REF] Coccioni | Planktonic foraminifera from the Lower Cretaceous of Río Argos sections (southern Spain) and biostratigraphic implications[END_REF] In the Jebel Oust section, Formation 13 (around 100 m in thickness, mainly represented by thick calcareous beds) corresponds to the Barremian bundle of the literature ("Barre barrémienne", [START_REF] Memmi | Biostratigraphie du Crétacé inférieur de la Tunisie nord-orientale[END_REF][START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF]. According to this author, it is placed in the "Hemihoplites feraudi Subzone" of the "Silesites seranonis-Barremites strettostoma Zone" (upper Barremian), even if these index-species have not been found in this part of the section.

The author found only two species of ammonoids: "Silesites vulpes" and "Ancyloceras trispinosum" (see Fig. 12 in [START_REF] Memmi | Le Crétacé inférieur (Berriasien-Aptien) de Tunisie. Biostratigraphie, Paléogéographie et Paléoenvironnements[END_REF]). In the Jebel Boulahouajeb section, there is also a thick calcareous bundle (around 200 m of limestone-marl alternations; only the first beds are represented here) that could be correlated with Formation 13. The zonal scheme is not established for this calcareous bundle of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section; only the basal part of this interval belongs to the lower Barremian (bed JBH-B232 and above).

In comparaison with the Jebel Oust section, the study of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section provided a more detailed lithological succession of the uppermost Valanginian-lowermost Barremian interval of the northern Tunisia, a more complete sampling of macrofauna, a greater set of data on the ammonoid distributions and assemblages, and a greater illustration of this fauna. Contrary to the Jebel Oust section where the boundaries between several ammonoid zones were not identified, the work on the Jebel Boulahouajeb section allowed to update the zonal scheme for the north Tunisia with the recognition of most of the zones of the standard zonation (Mediterranean Province; see [START_REF] Reboulet | Report on the 6 th International Meeting of the IUGS Lower Cretaceous Ammonite Working Group, the Kilian Group[END_REF]. Consequently, it appears that the Jebel Boulahouajeb section could be considered as a good reference section for the Tunisian trough, at least for the Hauterivian interval.

Conclusion

The study of ammonoids and foraminifera from the uppermost Valanginian to lowermost Barremian of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section of the northern Tunisia has led to three majors 3-Correlations between the Jebel Boulahouajeb and Jebel Oust sections are proposed using mainly the ammonoid zonal schemes. The Jebel Boulahouajeb section has to be considered more complete in the lithologic succession, and in the distributions and assemblages of ammonoids. Therefore, it could be a new reference section of the Tunisia trough for the studied interval (mainly Hauterivian).

Figure captions

Number of ammonoids:

Olcostephanus densicostatus 5 Olcostephanus sp. ind.

1 5m v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v
20m v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v *

  of the B. balearis Zone at the LO of P. subdifficilis. The lower boundary of Balearites binelli Subzone is placed at the base of bed JBH-B163 where its index-species occurs. It is difficult to identify the upper boundary of this subzone. The lower boundary of Balearites angulicostatus Subzone is drawn at the LO of B. cf. anguliscostatus sampled in bed JBH-B195. In this bed, there is also B. krenkeli?; the specimen probably represents the end of the range of the species. Indeed, according to Company et al. (2003), B. anguliscostatus and B. krenkeli co-exist in a short stratigraphic interval of the lowermost part of the B. angulicostatus Subzone. Thus, the B. krenkeli Subzone can be provisionaly assigned to the interval from the top of bed JBH-B170 (just above the range of B. binelli) to the base of bed JBH-B195 (just below the LO of B. cf. angulicostatus).

  and Premoli-Silva et al. (2017) have recorded this index-species in the Valanginian and Hauterivian of SE Spain. Consequently, Formation 12 could belong to the uppermost Hauterivian (P. picteti Subzone) considering that the base of Barremian is put at the base of bed JBH-B232 with the LO of A. intermedius. It can be added that the upper part of Formation 12 could correspond to the lowermost Barremian in the case of the Hauterivian-Barremian boundary at the Jebel Boulahouajeb section could be lowered at the level JBH-B221 where the LO of P. sigali is observed (see part 5.1).

  of the ammonoid zones of the standard zonation (Mediterranean Province) have been identified and well characterized by their diversified assemblages: for the uppermost Valanginian, C. furcilla Zone; for the lower Hauterivian, A. radiatus, C. loryi and L. nodosoplicatum Zones; for the upper Hauterivian, B. balearis and P. ohmi Zones (with their subdivisions in four and three subzones, respectively); for the lowermost Barremian, T. hugii Zone. The S. sayni and P. ligatus Zones have not been recognized as the lower part of the upper Hauterivian has not been sampled for macrofauna. 2-The planktic foraminiferal fauna, observed only in the upper Hauterivian and lowermost Barremian, is poorly diversified. Distributions of some species are similar to those recorded in some previous studies done in Tunisia, but not in accordance with data from other Tethyan areas.

Fig. 1 .

 1 Fig. 1. Geographic map of north Tunisia with location of the Jebel Boulahouajeb and Jebel Oust sections.

Fig. 2 .

 2 Fig. 2. Jebel Boulahouajeb section (section JBH-A), Tunisia, lithology and ammonoid distribution; upper Valanginian stage (Criosarasinella furcillata Zone p.p.).

Fig. 3 .

 3 Fig. 3. Jebel Boulahouajeb section (section JBH-B), Tunisia, lithology and ammonoid distribution; Fig. 3a: Hauterivian stage (from Acanthodiscus radiatus Zone to Plesiospitidiscus ligatus Zone p.p.) and its lower boundary (Valanginian Criosarasinella furcillata Zone p.p. recognized); Fig. 3b: Hauterivian stage (from P. ligatus Zone p.p to Pseudothurmannia ohmi Zone) and its upper boundary (Barremian Taveraidiscus hugii Zone p.p. recognized). Abbreviations: up. Val.: upper Valanginian; Bar.: Barremian; H1 to H5: calcareous bundles (limestone-dominated intervals separated by thick marly-dominated intervals).

Fig. 4 .

 4 Fig. 4. Ammonoids from the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (sections JBH-A and JBH-B), Tunisia. Scale bar: 1 cm; black arrow: end of phragmocone; SC: Silicone cast. A, Lyticoceras sp. ind., JBH-B20, Lyticoceras nodosoplicatum Zone. B, Lyticoceras sp. ind., JBH-B24, L. nodosoplicatum Zone. C, Teschenites subflucticulus, JBH-A5, Criosarasinella furcillata Zone. D, Jeanthieuloyites keyserlingiformis, JBH-A2, C. furcillata Zone. E, Jeanthieuloyites quinquestriatus, JBH-A7, C. furcillata Zone. F, G, Jeanthieuloyites solignaci, JBH-A7, C. furcillata Zone. H, I, Spitidiscus lorioli, JBH-B9, Acanthodiscus radiatus Zone. J (SC), K (SC), Spitidiscus meneghini, JBH-B10, A. radiatus Zone. L (SC), Spitidiscus meneghini,

Fig. 6 .

 6 Fig. 6. Ammonoids from the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (section JBH-B), Tunisia. Scale bar: 1 cm; black arrow: end of phragmocone; SC: Silicone cast. A (SC), Avramidiscus intermedius, JBH-B232, Taveraidiscus hugii Zone. B (SC), Plesiospitidiscus fasciger, JBH-B18, Crioceratites loryi Zone. C, Plesiospitidiscus fasciger, JBH-B20, Lyticoceras nodosoplicatum Zone. D, Plesiospitidiscus subdifficilis, JBH-B86, Subsaynella sayni-Plesiospitidiscus ligatus Zones. E, Plesiospitidiscus subdifficilis, JBH-B163, Balearites balearis Zone, Balearites binelli Subzone. F, Abrytusites neumaryi, JBH-B163, B. balearis Zone, B. binelli Subzone. G, Barremites gr. cassida, JBH-B234, T. hugii Zone. H, Valdedorsella? uhligi, JBH-B215, Pseudothurmannia ohmi Zone, Pseudothurmannia mortilleti Subzone. I, Discoidellia cf. couratieri, JBH-B86, S. sayni-P. ligatus Zones. J, Discoidellia cf. couratieri, JBH-B89, S. sayni-P. ligatus Zones.

Fig. 7 .

 7 Fig. 7. Ammonoids from the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (section JBH-B), Tunisia. Scale bar: 1 cm; black arrow: end of phragmocone. A, Neolissoceras grasianum, JBH-B10, Acanthodiscus radiatus Zone. B, Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) tethys, JBH-B10, A. radiatus

Fig. 8 .

 8 Fig. 8. Ammonoids from the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (section JBH-B), Tunisia. Scale bar: 1 cm; black arrow: end of phragmocone; SC: Silicone cast. A, Balearites cf. balearis, JBH-B92, Balearites balearis Zone and Subzone. B, C, D, E, Balearites binelli, JBH-B163, B. balearis Zone, B. binelli Subzone. F (SC), Balearites krenkeli?, JBH-B195, B. balearis Zone, Balearites angulicostatus Subzone. G, H, Balearites cf. angulicostatus, JBH-B195, B. balearis Zone, B. angulicostatus Subzone.

Fig. 9 .

 9 Fig. 9. Ammonoids from the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (section JBH-B), Tunisia. Scale bar: 1 cm; black arrow: end of phragmocone; SC: Silicone cast. A, B, C, D, E, Pseudothurmannia mortilleti, JBH-B202, Pseudothurmannia ohmi Zone, P. mortilleti Subzone. F (SC), G (SC), Pseudothurmannia pseudomalbosi, JBH-B202, P. ohmi Zone, P. mortilleti Subzone.

Fig. 10 .

 10 Fig. 10. Ammonoids from the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (section JBH-B), Tunisia. Scale bar: 1 cm; black arrow: end of phragmocone. A, Pseudothurmannia pseudomalbosi, JBH-B202, Pseudothurmannia ohmi Zone, Pseudothurmannia mortilleti Subzone. B, Pseudothurmannia picteti, JBH-B219, P. ohmi Zone, P. picteti Subzone. C, Paraspiticeras sp. ind., JBH-B161, Balearites balearis Zone and Subzone. D, Sabaudiella simplex, JBH-B215, P. ohmi Zone, P. mortilleti Subzone.

Fig. 11 .

 11 Fig. 11. Jebel Boulahouajeb section (section JBH-B), Tunisia, lithology and Hauterivian foraminifera distribution.

Fig. 12 .

 12 Fig. 12. Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM) micrographs of selected foraminifera from the Jebel Boulahouajeb section (section JBH-B), Tunisia; the scale bar is indicated in brackets. A, Favusella hoterivica (50 μm), JBH-B76. B, F. hoterivica (50 μm), JBH-B109. C, Gorbachikella kugleri (50 μm), JBH-B91. D, G. kugleri (10 μm), JBH-B231. E, Gorbachikella anteroapertura (10 μm), JBH-B172. F, Praehedbergella sigali (50 μm), JBH-B221. G, P. sigali (50 μm), JBH-B 225. H, P. sigali (10 μm), JBH-B236. I, Lenticulina roemeri (100 μm), JBH-B2. J, Lenticulina eichenbergi (100 μm), JBH-B44. K, Dorothia lilliformis (100 μm), JBH-B31. L, Lenticulina multicella (100 μm), JBH-B94. M, Dorothia praehauteriviana (100 μm), JBH-B59. N, Lenticulina ouachensis ouachensis (100 μm), JBH-B120. O, Dorothia kummi (100 μm), JBH-B111. P, Dorothia zedlerae (100 μm), JBH-B156. Q, Lenticulina rotulata (100 μm), JBH-B205. R, Gavelinella barremiana (50 μm), JBH-B224.

C

  . furcillata p.p.

Acknowledgements

Lucia Memmi, deceased in 2015, was geologist at the "Office National des Mines" of Tunisia.

She worked on the preliminary study of the macrofauna of the Jebel Boulahouajeb section during the Master of Melliti (2012; university of Tunis). The authors acknowledge Professor Miguel Company (University of Granada, Spain) for his point of view on the identification of several ammonoid specimens and his helpful comments on the script. We are grateful to Natalie Caughtry (stratigrapher, geoconsulting CGG, United Kingdom) for correcting the English. We thank the reviewers Mohamed Benzaggagh (University of Moulay Ismail, Morocco) and Ignacio Arenillas (University of Zaragoza, Spain) for their comments, and Damien Delvaux for his editorial assistance.

Appendix 1 -Systematic of ammonoids

This appendix presents the list of ammonoid taxa found in the Jebel Boulahouajeb section; the index-species used for the zonation and other taxa evoked in the text have been added. The classification is mainly based on [START_REF] Klein | Lower Cretaceous Ammonites I, Perisphinctaceae 1: Himalayitidae, Olcostephanidae, Holcodiscidae, Neocomitidae, Oosterellidae[END_REF], [START_REF] Vermeulen | Endemocerataceae: Pulchelliidae[END_REF], [START_REF] Klein | Lower Cretaceous Ammonites III. Bochianitoidea, Protancyloceratoidea, Ancyloceratoidea, Ptychoceratoidea[END_REF][START_REF] Klein | Lower Cretaceous Ammonites IV. Boreophylloceratoidea, Phylloceratoidea, Lytoceratoidea, Tetragonitoidea, Haploceratoidea including the Upper Cretaceous representatives[END_REF], and [START_REF] Klein | Lower Cretaceous Ammonites V, Desmoceratoidea[END_REF]; some short comments are made for some taxa.

Criosarasinella furcillata THIEULOY

Himantoceras THIEULOY; see [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | Diversification des ammonoïdes hétéromorphes : l'exemple des Himantoceras. Evolution et changements paléoenvironnementaux au Valanginien[END_REF][START_REF] Reboulet | Origination of Himantoceras (heteromorphic ammonoids) related to palaeoceanography and climatic changes during the Valanginian. 1 st International Meeting on Correlation of Cretaceous Micro-and Macrofossils, 16-18[END_REF]; included in Ancyloceratoidea by Klein et al. (2007, p. 31) Himantoceras trinodosum THIEULOY Himantoceras n. sp. 2; see [START_REF] Reboulet | L'évolution des ammonites du Valanginien-Hauterivien inférieur du bassin vocontien et de la plate-forme provençal (S-E de la France) : relations avec la stratigraphie séquentielle et implications biostratigraphiques[END_REF] Teschenites THIEULOY Teschenites callidiscus (THIEULOY); included in Neocomites (Teschenites) by Klein (2005, p. 315) Teschenites subflucticulus REBOULET; included in Neocomites (Teschenites) by Klein (2005, p. 320) Eleniceras BRESKOVSKI; included in Endemoceratinae by Klein (2005, p. 351) ? Endemoceratinae SCHINDEWOLF

Acanthodiscus UHLIG

Acanthodiscus radiatus (BRUGUIERE)

Breistrofferella THIEULOY

Breistrofferella castellanensis (D'ORBIGNY)

Lyticoceras HYATT

Lyticoceras claveli BUSNARDO & THIEULOY

Lyticoceras kiliani REBOULET & ATROPS

Lyticoceras nodosoplicatum (KILIAN & REBOUL)

Cruasiseras BUSNARDO

Cruasiseras cruasense TORCAPEL

Spitidiscinae VERMEULEN & THIEULOY

Jeanthieuloyites COOPER

Jeanthieuloyites keyserlingiformis AVRAM & GRADINARU

Jeanthieuloyites quinquestriatus BESAIRIE

Jeanthieuloyites solignaci (MEMMI)

Spitidiscus KILIAN; this genus is included in Desmoceratidae by Busnardo et al., 2003 (p. 49)

Spitidiscus lorioli (KILIAN)

Spitidiscus meneghinii (RODIGHIERO)

Spitidiscus

Balearites balearis (NOLAN)

Balearites binelli (ASTIER); included in Binelliceras by Klein et al., 2007 (p. 50) Balearites krenkeli (SARKAR); included in Crioceratites by Klein et al., 2007 (p. 42) Balearites angulicostatus (D'ORBIGNY); included in Crioceratites by Klein et al., 2007 (p. 36) Pseudothurmannia SPATH; the opinion of [START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF] and the classification of Klein et al. (2007, p. 54) are here followed: the type species designated by [START_REF] Company | Ammonite biostratigraphy of the uppermost Hauterivian in the Betic Cordillera (SE Spain)[END_REF] Gorbachikella grandiaptura BOUDAGHER-FADEL ET AL.

Gorbachikella kugleri (BOLLI)

Praehedbergella sigali (MOULLADE) Gorbachekilla kugleri

Alphabetic benthic foraminifera list