Sylvie Bureau

Barbara Gouble

Jean Marc Audergon

Selma Sandrine Costa-Migeon Costa

Tozanli

ILLIAD project: Sustainable, local or localised, innovative food chains -application to apricot production

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ILLIAD (a French national project, 2012(a French national project, -2015) ) proposes a method to analyze the system sustainability of food chains. The sustainability of food systems has been defined in terms of their effects on environment, economics and society, until now. ILLIAD aims to propose a method that allow to take into account the ability of these food systems to perdure or develop, in the long run, and aims to access their ability to increase their positive effects on environment, economics and society.

Methodology to analyze the systemic sustainability of the food chain Four practical cases describing the three typical trajectories (Figure 1):

-the chain innovation / creation of a new chain (peach and apricot) (Figure 2) -the chain differentiation / development of distinctive products (rice and spelt) -the territorial embedding / strengthening interlinkages between economic activities (wheat and equestrian centers).

Tests/validations sub-task 3 : technical constraints of an orchard adapted to processing sub-task 1 : apricot sustainable food chain sub-task 2 : Identification of apricot lines suitable for processing A new sustainable apricot food chain

Apricot chain:

system sustainability 4 Project coordination: sandrine.costa@supagro.inra.fr

• Identification of the relevant quality traits in apricot (texture, composition). • Relationship between texture of fresh and processed fruit (Figure 3) / identification of physical, chemical, physiological and genetic factors related to this trait.

The expected results for apricot chain could be of great interest in defining both fresh and processed fruit ideotypes.

One hindrance for development of orchards dedicated to processing is the high cost of manpower. So, our project includes the experimental analysis of mechanical harvest of orchards (see poster Gouble et al.).

• Selection of apricot varieties according to fruit texture (mechanical stress), tree architecture (upright tree), fruit maturity (homogeneity) and agronomic traits (productivity). • Orchard management according to harvesting machine: distance between trees, trunk eight, width of aisles and irrigation system.

  UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon 2 Université d'Avignon et des Pays du Vaucluse, UMR408 Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale, F-84000 Avignon 3 INRA, Unité de Génétique et d'Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, F-84143 Montfavet 4 INRA, UMR1110 Marchés Organisations Institutions Stratégies d'Acteurs, F-34000 Montpellier 5 CHIEAM-IAMM, Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier, F-34000 Montpellier *Corresponding author: sylvie.bureau@avignon.inra.fr We acknowledge financial support from the ANR (French National Research Agency) under the Sustainable Food System program (Project ANR-11-ALID-006 ) and from the competitiveness clusters TERRALIA and Qualiméditerranée.

•

  Tests in new orchards: harvest and quality evaluation • Apricot processing at pilot scale • Acceptability of apricot by consumers • Definition and building of indicators (bibliography) • Understanding relationship between producer and consumer (experiments) • Evaluation of barriers to sustainable food chain development • Analysis of existing apricot food chains (// peach) • Proposition of new alternative marketing channels (// peach) • Design of the apricot processing chainFor the same initial firmness, very different textures can be obtained after cooking in a syrup (Figure3).

Figure 1 :

 1 Figure 1: Food chains studied in the ILLIAD project

Figure 3 :

 3 Figure 3: Firmness (Fmax in Newton) of processed halved apricots crushed with Kramer cell. Apricot halves were cooked in a syrup until 80°C in core. Means +/-SD of 3 measurements).


Mamadou Dia Sow

Clément Anne-Laure Le Gac

Lafon Placette

Alain Delaunay

Isabelle Le Jan

Régis R Fichot

Stéphane Maury

Marie Mirouze

Sophie Lanciano

Jorg Tost

C Lafonplacette

S Maury I

V Segura

C Chaparro

C Grunau

I Allona

Provost VII G Le

C Plomion

J Salse Viii

C Ambroise

S Gribkova10

S H Strauss

Clarifying the role of DNA methylation in tree phenotypic plasticity

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In a context of global climate change, trees as sessile and long lifespan organisms need to develop mechanisms enabling them to adapt and to survive. These last years, epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation have been proposed as a valuable resource since they can be triggered by the environmental conditions in a reversibleway. However, evidences for their role in tree phenotypic plasticity are still lacking (Bräutigam et al., 2013; Plomion et al., 2016). In this context, we develop different complementary approaches: i) A correlative approach with simultaneous analysis of methylome and transcriptome dynamics in the shoot apical meristem (center of shoot morphogenesis) of poplar in various environments (Gourcilleau et al., 2010; LafonPlacette et al., 2013; Bastien et al., 2015; Le Gac, 2017; LafonPlacette et al., 2017). ii) A reverse genetic approach, using RNAi clones of Populus tremula x alba (Zhu et al., 2013; Condé et al., 2017; Le Gac et al., in prep) hypo or hypermethylated and grown under environmental constraints. iii) A population approach, using natural populations from diverse geographic origins to explore microevolutive adaptation to local environment and phenotypic plasticity (Project 'EPITREE' ANR 20182021, S. Maury). Our previous data highlight a relationship between DNA methylation in the shoot apical meristem biomass productivity and a possible connection with phytohormone signaling in response to abiotic stress. New data will be also presented concerning the stability of the epigenetic modifications and their genetic diversity in populations. Altogether, our data provide new insights into how trees modulate their epigenomes to ensure developmental plasticity and adaptation in a changing environment.


Hedia Bourguiba

Jean Marc Audergon

Boris Krška

Tatyana Zhebentyayeva

Arnaud A Remay

' Onofrio

Craig A Ledbetter

Hiroyuki Iketani

Danilo Christen

Weisheng Liu

Genetic structure of a worldwide germplasm collection of Prunus armeniaca L. species

ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.


Christelle Lacroix

Benoit Borschinger

Luciana Parisi

Odile Berge

Charlotte Chandeysson

Caroline Guilbaud

Jean-François Bourgeay

Cindy E Morris

J.-F Bourgeay

Kiwifruit trees and ground covers host diverse Pseudomonas syringae communities

Keywords: population structure, Pseudomonas syringae, Actinidia deliciosa, ground covers

de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.