Julien Aliquot

Sylvie Blétry

Yasser Showhan

Dorothée Sack

Mohammed Sarhan

Martin Gussone

Jan-Waalke Meyer

Imad Mussa

Michael Würz

Benjamin Michaudel

Jamal Haydar

Miquel Molist

at the North Necropolis in Palmyra

aRabe coveR pictuRe

From left to right: -Mishirfeh, royal tomb.

-Tell Gindaris, remains of building.

-Kherbet Al-Mataroon, stone relief. -Dja'de el mughara, wall painting.

-Tell Hassake, part of cathedral. Jeanine Abdul Massih, Mathilde Gelin 199

engliSh coveR pictuRe

Bostra exacavtion and researches of the Italian Mission on 2008

Raffaella Farioli Campanati 219

The Syro-German/Austrian Archaeological Mission at Palmyra in 2007

Waleed al-As'ad and Andreas Schmidt-Colinet 229

The Syro-German/Austrian Archaeological Mission at Palmyra in 2008

Waleed al-Asa'ad and Andreas Schmidt-Colinet 237

Introduction aux travaux archéologiques syriens à Mishirfeh

Michel Al-Maqdissi 347

Introduction aux travaux archéologiques syriens à Tell Sianu

Michel Al-Maqdissi 349

Rapport préliminaire sur les figurines en terre cuite trouvées à Tell Sianu

Eva Ishaq 353

Etude préliminaire des monnaies de la période classique trouvées à Tell Sianu

Khaled Kiwan 355

Tell Gindaris Ammar abdulrahman 357 Jean-Baptiste YOn would like to thank the Direction générale des Antiquités et les Musées de Syrie, its Directeur Général, Dr. Bassam Jammous, its Directeur des fouilles, Dr. Michel Maqdissi. Thanks to the permission liberaly granted to me, field work could take place and be successful.

In Palmyra, archeological institutions, represented by Walid As'ad, Director of Antiquities of Palmyra, have offered a lot of help. M. Khaled As'ad, former Director of Antiquities of Palmyra gave me useful informations. The Museum Team was a great assistance too.

As for most of French archaeological programms in the near East, the IGLS are greatly indebted to the Institut Français du Proche-Orient (IFPO), for its help and support. This year's mission was a very short one, mostly for a last checking of some inscriptions, before the final redaction of volume XVII/1 of Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie (Palmyra). It was thus possible to work in the depot and to do some photographs of inscriptions : Inv A 805, A 1127 and A 1405. The last two should be compared as they most certainly refer to the same official, a Roman soldier, called Titus Flavius Priscus, but they do not belong to the same console. One the site, some verifications were made on particular objects, permitting to complete the documentation on the epigraphy of Palmyra.

The field work has permitted as well, in collaboration with Prof. M. Gawlikowski, to make some new copies and photographs of Aramaic texts discovered on the northern wall by the Syrian Mission in 2002 and the years before. M. Khaled As'ad, then Director of Antiquities of Palmyra, had the kindness to show them to me at the time and to propose me a joint publication (Khaled As'ad, M. Gawlikowski and J.-B. Yon), of some 60 new inscriptions (mostly short epitaphs).

In the Museum was also seen a new bilingual caravan inscription, discovered by chance in the sector south of Agora. The Greek text is destroyed (the last two lines excepted).

The text is the following : « This statue of Haddûdan, son of Abgar ---, head of caravan, which was made by the caravan which came back from Karka with him, in his honour, in the month Adar, year 423. » (Aramaic)

The Greek text should have been written mostly along the same lines. The date (in Greek) has been restored accordingly. Adar 423 of the Seleucid era is March 112 AD. We have here one of the earliest caravan inscription and the earliest occurrence of the word for caravan (synodia). The significance of this discovery to the chronology of the agora (the stone itself may come from this area) is another matter, but it surely belongs to this discussion. The caravan leader Haddûdan does not seem to be known otherwise.

From

  right to left: -Tell Shir, area L-O 20-21. -Palmyra, area of tomb. -Tell Chuera, area K. -Qasr al-Hayr al-sharqi, secteur E. -Tell Afis, area of temples. Design and production: Mary OzOn Cover design: Mary OzOn All rights reserved Printed in the Press of the Ministry of Culture Damascus-Syria Chronique arChéologique en Syrie «Chronique archéologique en Syrie» is an archaeological and historical revue, published by Al-Bassel Centre for archaeological, and training and research-The Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums-Ministry of Culture in the Syrian Arab Republic. It aims to publish the excavations and investigations reports of the national, foreign and joint missions working in the archaeological sites in Syria, in order to contribute in publishing the latest discoveries and making the scientific subjects in the hands of the researchers.

  , Maison de l'Orient, Lyon, DGAM The mission in Palmyra (programme Inscriptions grecques et latines de la Syrie [IGLS]), from october 8th to 13th 2008, was highly successful. The IGLS are a programm of the team HiSoMA (CnRS-université Lyon II, Maison de l'Orient), heir to the Institut F.-Courby. It is under supervision of Dr. J.-Cl. Decourt and Dr. P.-L. Gatier.

eDiting committee of the Review

	Dr. Bassam JAMMOuS	Director General of Antiquities and Museums
	Dr. Ammar ABDuLRAHMAn	Editor Chief
	Dr. Michel AL-MAQDISSI	Member
	Mr. Mahmoud HAMOuD	Member
	Mr. Haytham HASAn	Member
	Ms. Mayassa Dib	Secretary
	All correspondences about edition, subscription or exchange
	Should be addressed to the following address:
	Chronique archéologique -Al-Bassel Centre for archaeological research and training -Tasabihji Building, Pakistan Str.,
		Damascus, Syria
		Tel.: 00963 (0) 11 4442747
		Fax: 00963 (0) 11 4413083
		E-mail: cas.dgam@gmail.com

contentS The 2008 Excavation at the Middle Paleolithic site of Wadi Mushkuna Rockshelter, Damascus Province, Syria

	nicholas J. Conard, Mohamed Masri, Knut Bretzke1, Hannes A. napierala1, Beatrix Welte1 and Andrew
	W. Kandel	1 3

The 2008 TDASP Survey in the Damascus Province, Syria and the refinement of models of Pa- leolithic landuse

	nicholas J. Conard, Mohamed Masri, Knut Bretzke, Hannes A. napierala, Beatrix Welte and Andrew W.
	Kandel	23

The 2007 -2008 season's excavations at Dederiyeh Cave, Afrin, Northwest Syria

	Takeru Akazawa, Sultan Muhesen, Youssef Kanjou, Yoshihiro nishiaki, Hiroto nakata, Minoru Yoneda,
	Osamu Kondo and Ken'ichi Tanno	31

Preliminary Report on the Tenth Season of Excavations at Tell Qaramel (Autumn 2008) Ryszard F. Mazurowski, Youssef Kanjou 39 DJA'DE

EL MUGHARA 2008 Découverte de nouvelles peintures vieilles de 11 000 ans Eric Coqueugniot 51 Shir/West Syria Results of the fourth and fifth seasons of excavations in 2008 Karin

Bartl, Jamal Ramadan, Wael al-Hafian

59 Excavations at Tell Seker al-Aheimar, Hassake: The 2008 Season Yoshihiro nishiaki 67 Atlas archéologique des sites pré-et protohistoriques de Syrie du Sud Etude préliminaire du site de Qarassa (Mohafazat de Suweida) Rapport des missions du 16 juillet au 3 août et du 4 septembre au 4 octobre 2007, et du 20 mai au 30 juin 2008

	Frank Braemer, Christophe nicolle, Michel al Maqdissi, Tara Steimer Herbet, Pierre Broutin, Alda
	Flambeaux, Khaled Abdo	75
	Tell El-Kerkh 2008
	Akira Tsuneki, Jamal Hydar	91
	The 2008 season of excavations at Tell Qarqur
	Katsuhiko O h n u m a	1 0 3

Rudolph H. Dornemann, Jesse Casana, Lee Maxwell 97 Syria-Japan Archaeological Joint Research In The Region of Ar-Raqqa, Syria, 2008

Raport On The Activities of The Polish-Syrian Mission To Tell Arbid, Hasake Governorate, Spring Season of 2008 Rafał Koliński 111 Tell Chuera 2008. -Summary of the excavation results

	Jan-Waalke Meyer	121

Preliminary Report on the 21th Season of Excavations at Tell Mozan-Urkesh (July-September 2008)

	Giorgio Buccellati, Marilyn Kelly-Buccellati	127

Rapport Preliminaire Sur Les Activtes de La Mission Syro-Belge de Tell Tweini Entre 2007 et 2008 sur Le Chantier A

	Joachim Bretschneider, Karel Van Lerberghe	133

Tell Feres al Sharqi, un site LC 1-5 dans le bassin du Khabur (Syrie) Synthèse provisoire au terme de trois campagnes (2006-2008)

J.D. Forest, R. Vallet 147

Rapport préliminaire de la campagne de l'automne 2008 de la mission de Tell Mohammed Diyab

	Christophe nicolle	159
	Excavations at Tall Bazi 2008
	Berthold Einwag, Adelheid Otto	171

LES MARGES ARIDES

DE LA SYRIE DU NORD Chronique d'une prospection géo-archéologique : 2006 B. Geyer, n. Awad, M. al-Dbiyat 175

4th Season of the Archaeological Middle-Euphrates Project in Syria (PAMES). Excavations in Tell Qubr Abu al-'Atiq: From the Early City to the Middle Assyrian Settlement Juan

Luis Montero Fenollós, Shaker al-Shbib, Ignacio Márquez Rowe, Francisco Caramelo

181 Tell Afis 2008 Field Season Preliminary Report Stefania Mazzoni 187 La Mission Conjointe Syro-Française de L'Oronte: Premiere et deuxième campagnes (2007 et 2008)

	Michel Al-Maqdissi, Dominique Parayre et Martin Sauvage	193

Notes préliminaires sur l'étude du système défensif méridional de Cyrrhus. Campagnes 2007-2008

Aports À L'Étude de La Periode Neolitique À La Vallé de L


Samantha Azevedo-Vannson

Laurent Remusat

Laurette Piani

Frédéric Danoix

Hugues Leroux

Sylvain Ber- Nard

Jean-Christophe Viennet

Sylvain Pont

Raphaele Danoix

Maximilien Verdier-Paoletti

Roger Hewins

Mathieu Roskosz

OLIVINE OF CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES AND RESERVOIR OF NEBULAR HYDROGEN

Introduction:

Olivine is a nominally anhydrous mineral usually depleted in water unless formed in a high pressure and temperature environment [1] . Several studies have found 10 to 100 times more water in olivine of carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites than on Earth [2,3] . In the meantime, Shimizu et al. [4] detected less than 15 ppm of hydrogen in silicate minerals in chondrules of Semarkona (LL3), QUE 97008 (L3.05) and DOM 08006 (CO3).

Two main reservoirs of hydrogen, with distinct isotopic compositions, could likely contribute to chondrule mineral hydrogen content: the molecular gas of the protosolar nebula with a low D/H [5] and water ice. The D/H ratio of water in solar system objects exhibit variations related to the distance to the star. Part of the water can thus have a presolar origin (high D/H ratio) and another part can result from re-equilibration with the H2 of the disk [6] . Water ice accreted on the parent body of hydrated meteorites like carbonaceous chondrites. Due to asteroid internal heating, , ice melted and water percolated leading to aqueous alteration of its components. Both matrices and chondrules were affected. As a consequence, aqueous alteration could have contributed to the water budget of chondrules' olivine as well, therefore making the deconvolution of pre-accretionnary and post-accretionnary contributions difficult.

Samples and Methods: Three carbonaceous chondrites showing different alteration degrees were investigated: Paris (CM2.7 to CM2.9), Aguas Zarcas (CM2) and Mukundpura (CM2). Three polished sections were prepared in epoxy and carbon coated. Hydrogen content and isotopic composition of olivine in type I (FeO-poor) and type II (Feo-rich) chondrules and isolated olivine were analyzed by Cameca SIMS IMS 1280 HR2 (CRPG, Nancy) and by Cameca NanoSIMS 50 (MNHN, Paris) using an O-primary beam from a Hyperion radio-frequency plasma source in both cases. Olivine crystals isolated in the matrix are thought to be fragments of chondrules ejected during their formation. Thus, like the chondrule olivine, they have crystallized in the protoplanetary disc a few million years after the Solar System formation.

4 tips were prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) milling using a Thermofisher Helios G4 UXe DualBeam Xenon plasma FIB, and analysed by atom probe tomography (APT) using a Cameca LEAP 4000XHR instrument. The hydrogen contents (concentration, spaciation) were compared with those of anhydrous San Carlos olivine prepared and analysed in the same conditions with the same instruments.

Results: Olivine of carbonaceous chondrites contain large and variable amounts of non-labile hydrogen as attested by SIMS and atom probe tomography. The isotopic composition of this hydrogen varies between the signature of H2 in the disk (D/H ~ 26 ± 7×10 -6 [5] ) and water ices (D/H > 156×10 -6 [7] ). The D/H ratios of Paris olivine cover a wide range of values (99 to 151×10 -6 ) and are not correlated to Mg#. Mg-rich olivine of Aguas Zarcas also show this large variability (77 to 151×10 -6 ). However, the D/H ratios is more homogeneuous around 115 ± 10×10 -6 when the iron content is above 40%. The olivine of Mukunpura, the most altered chondrite, have homogeneous isotopic compositions around 134 ± 7×10 -6 .

Discussion: With increasing degree of aqueous alteration on the parent body, the hydrogen content and D/H of olivine tends to be more homogeneous; D/H ratio of hydrogen in olivine tends to become isotopically akin to terrestrial mantle water [START_REF] Hallis | Annual Meeting of The Meteoritical Society 2022[END_REF] . Despite the marks of some aqueous activity in these chondrites, the isotopic variabilities measured in Paris and Mg-rich Aguas Zarcas olivine might be an heritage of the different sources (ice or hydrogen of the protoplanetary disk) of hydrogen that embedded solid precursors during olivine formation.

Acknowledgments:

This work was supported by the European Research Council via the ERC project HYDROMA (grant agreement No. 819587).