text:
    [565 U.S. 23]
    DAVID BOBBY, WARDEN, Petitioner v ARCHIE DIXON
    565 U.S. 23, 132 S. Ct. 26,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 328,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7926
    [No. 10-1540]
    Decided November 7, 2011.
   OPINION OF THE COURT

[565 U.S. 24]

Per Curiam.

Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, a state prisoner seeking a writ of habeas corpus from a federal court “must show that the state court’s ruling on the claim being presented in federal court was so lacking in justification that there was an error well understood and comprehended in existing law beyond any possibility for fairminded disagreement.” Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 103, 131 S. Ct. 770, 178 L. Ed. 2d 624 (2011). The Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit purported to identify three such grievous errors in the Ohio Supreme Court’s affirmance of respondent Archie Dixon’s murder conviction. Because it is not clear that the Ohio Supreme Court erred at all, much less erred so transparently that no fair-minded jurist could agree with that court’s decision, the Sixth Circuit’s judgment must be reversed.

Archie Dixon and Tim Hoffner murdered Chris Hammer in order to steal his car. Dixon and Hoffner beat Hammer,

[565 U.S. 25]

tied him up, and buried him alive, pushing the struggling Hammer down into his grave while they shoveled dirt on top of him. Dixon then used Hammer’s birth certificate and Social Security card to obtain a state identification card in Hammer’s name. After using that identification card to establish ownership of Hammer’s car, Dixon sold the vehicle for $2,800.

Hammer’s mother reported her son missing the day after his murder. While investigating Hammer’s disappearance, police had various encounters with Dixon, three of which are relevant here. On November 4, 1993, a police detective spoke with Dixon at a local police station. It is undisputed that this was a chance encounter— Dixon was apparently visiting the police station to retrieve his own car, which had been impounded for a traffic violation. The detective issued Miranda warnings to Dixon and then asked to talk to him about Hammer’s disappearance. See Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436, 86 S. Ct. 1602, 16 L. Ed. 2d 694 (1966). Dixon declined to answer questions without his lawyer present and left the station.

As their investigation continued, police determined that Dixon had sold Hammer’s car and forged Hammer’s signature when cashing the check he received in that sale. Police arrested Dixon for forgery on the morning of November 9. Beginning at 11:30 a.m. detectives intermittently interrogated Dixon over several hours, speaking with him for about 45 minutes total. Prior to the interrogation, the detectives had decided not to provide Dixon with Miranda warnings for fear that Dixon would again refuse to speak with them.

Dixon readily admitted to obtaining the identification card in Hammer’s name and signing Hammer’s name on the check, but said that Hammer had given him permission to sell the car. Dixon claimed not to know where Hammer was, although he said he thought Hammer might have left for Tennessee. The detectives challenged the plausibility of Dixon’s tale and told Dixon that Tim Hoffner was providing them more useful information. At one point a detective told

[565 U.S. 26]

Dixon that “now is the time to say” whether he had any involvement in Hammer’s disappearance because “if Tim starts cutting a deal over there, this is kinda like, a bus leaving. The first one that gets on it is the only one that’s gonna get on.” App. to Pet. for Cert. 183a. Dixon responded that, if Hoffner knew any thing about Hammer’s disappearance, Hoffner had not told him. Dixon insisted that he had told police everything he knew and that he had “[n]othing whatsoever” to do with Hammer’s disappearance. Id., at 186a. At approximately 3:30 p.m. the interrogation concluded, and the detectives brought Dixon to a correctional facility where he was booked on a forgery charge.

The same afternoon, Hoffner led police to Hammer’s grave. Hoffner claimed that Dixon had told him that Hammer was buried there. After concluding their inter view with Hoffner and releasing him, the police had Dixon transported back to the police station.

Dixon arrived at the police station at about 7:30 p.m. Prior to any police questioning, Dixon stated that he had heard the police had found a body and asked whether Hoffner was in custody. The police told Dixon that Hoffner was not, at which point Dixon said, “I talked to my attorney, and I want to tell you what happened.” State v. Dixon, 101 Ohio St. 3d 328, 331, 2004-Ohio-1585, 805 N.E.2d 1042, 1050. The police read Dixon his Miranda rights, obtained a signed waiver of those rights, and spoke with Dixon for about half an hour. At 8 p.m. the police, now using a tape recorder, again advised Dixon of his Miranda rights. In a detailed confession, Dixon admitted to murdering Hammer but attempted to pin the lion’s share of the blame on Hoffner.

At Dixon’s trial, the Ohio trial court excluded both Dixon’s initial confession to forgery and his later confession to murder. The State took an interlocutory appeal. The State did not dispute that Dixon’s forgery confession was properly suppressed, but argued that the murder confession was admissible because Dixon had received Miranda warnings

[565 U.S. 27]

prior to that confession. The Ohio Court of Appeals agreed and allowed Dixon’s murder confession to be admitted as evidence. Dixon was convicted of murder, kidnaping, robbery, and forgery, and sentenced to death.

The Ohio Supreme Court affirmed Dixon’s convictions and sentence. To analyze the admissibility of Dixon’s murder confession, the court applied Oregon v. Elstad, 470 U.S. 298, 105 S. Ct. 1285, 84 L. Ed. 2d 222 (1985). The Ohio Supreme Court found that Dixon’s confession to murder after receiving Miranda warnings was admissible because that confession and his prior, unwarned confession to forgery were both voluntary. State v. Dixon, supra, at 332-334, 805 N.E.2d, at 1050-1052; see Elstad, supra, at 318, 105 S. Ct. 1285, 84 L. Ed. 2d 222 (“We hold today that a suspect who has once responded to unwarned yet un-coercive questioning is not thereby disabled from waiving his rights and confessing after he has been given the requisite Miranda warnings”).

Dixon then filed a petition for a writ of habeas corpus under 28 U.S.C. § 2254 in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio. Dixon claimed, inter alia, that the state court decisions allowing the admission of his murder confession contravened clearly established federal law. The District Court denied relief, but a divided panel of the Sixth Circuit reversed. Dixon v. Houk, 627 F.3d 553 (2010).

The Sixth Circuit had authority to issue the writ of habeas corpus only if the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision “was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law,” as set forth in this Court’s holdings, or was “based on an unreasonable determination of the facts” in light of the state court record. § 2254(d); see Harrington, 562 U.S., at 100, 131 S. Ct. 770, 178 L. Ed. 2d 624. The Sixth Circuit believed that the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision contained three such egregious errors.

First, according to the Sixth Circuit, the Miranda decision itself clearly established that police could not speak to Dixon on November 9, because on November 4 Dixon had refused to speak to police without his lawyer. That is plainly wrong.

[565 U.S. 28]

It is undisputed that Dixon was not in custody during his chance encounter with police on November 4. And this Court has “never held that a person can invoke his Miranda rights antici-patorily, in a context other than ‘custodial interrogation.’ ” McNeil v. Wisconsin, 501 U.S. 171, 182, n. 3, 111 S. Ct. 2204, 115 L. Ed. 2d 158 (1991); see also Montejo v. Louisiana, 556 U.S. 778, 795, 129 S. Ct. 2079, 173 L. Ed. 2d 955 (2009) “If the defendant is not in custody then [.Miranda and its progeny] do not apply”).

Second, the Sixth Circuit held that police violated the Fifth Amendment by urging Dixon to “cut a deal” before his accomplice Hoffner did so. The Sixth Circuit cited no precedent of this Court—or any court—holding that this common police tactic is unconstitutional. Cf., e.g., Elstad, supra, at 317, 105 S. Ct. 1285, 84 L. Ed. 2d 222 (“[T]he Court has refused to find that a defendant who confesses, after being falsely told that his codefendant has turned State’s evidence, does so involuntarily”). Because no holding of this Court suggests, much less clearly establishes, that police may not urge a suspect to confess before another suspect does so, the Sixth Circuit had no authority to issue the writ on this ground.

[565 U.S. 29]

Third, the Sixth Circuit held that the Ohio Supreme Court unreasonably applied this Court’s precedent in Elstad. In that case, a suspect who had not received Miranda warnings confessed to burglary as police took him into custody. Approximately an hour later, after he had received Miranda warnings, the suspect again confessed to the same burglary. This Court held that the later, warned confession was admissible because “there is no warrant for presuming coercive effect where the suspect’s initial in-culpatory statement, though technically in violation of Miranda, was voluntary. The relevant inquiry is whether, in fact, the second [warned] statement was also voluntarily made.” 470 U.S., at 318, 105 S. Ct. 1285, 84 L. Ed. 2d 222 (footnote omitted).

As the Ohio Supreme Court’s opinion explained, the circumstances surrounding Dixon’s interrogations demonstrate that his statements were voluntary. During Dixon’s first interrogation, he received several breaks, was given water and offered food, and was not abused or threatened. He freely acknowledged that he had forged Hammer’s name, even stating that the police were “welcome” to that information, and he had no difficulty denying that he had anything to do with Hammer’s disappearance. State v. Dixon, 101 Ohio St. 3d, at 331, 805 N.E.2d, at 1049. Prior to his second interrogation, Dixon made an unsolicited declaration that he had spoken with his attorney and wanted to tell the police what had happened to Hammer. Then, before giving his taped confession, Dixon twice received Miranda warnings and signed a waiver-of-rights form which stated that he was acting of his own free will.

The Ohio Supreme Court recognized that Dixon’s first interrogation involved “an intentional Miranda violation.” 101 Ohio St. 3d, at 334, 805 N.E.2d, at 1052. The court concluded, however, that “as in Elstad, the breach of the Miranda

[565 U.S. 30]

procedures here involved no actual compulsion” and thus there was no reason to suppress Dixon’s later, warned confession. Ibid, (citing Elstad, 470 U.S., at 318, 105 S. Ct. 1285, 84 L. Ed. 2d 222).

The Sixth Circuit disagreed, believing that Dixon’s confession was inadmissible under Elstad. because it was the product of a “deliberate question-first, warn-later strategy.” 627 F.3d, at 557. In so holding, the Sixth Circuit relied heavily on this Court’s decision in Missouri v. Seibert, 542 U.S. 600, 124 S. Ct. 2601, 159 L. Ed. 2d 643 (2004). In Seibert, police employed a two-step strategy to reduce the effect of Miranda warnings: A detective exhaustively questioned Seibert until she confessed to murder and then, after a 15- to 20-minute break, gave Seibert Miranda warnings and led her to repeat her prior confession. 542 U.S., at 604-606, 616, 124 S. Ct. 2601, 159 L. Ed. 2d 643 (plurality opinion). The Court held that Seibert’s second confession was inadmissible as evidence against her even though it was preceded by a Miranda warning. A plurality of the Court reasoned that “[u]pon hearing warnings only in the aftermath of interrogation and just after making a confession, a suspect would hardly think he had a genuine right to remain silent, let alone persist in so believing once the police began to lead him over the same ground again.” 542 U.S., at 613, 124 S. Ct. 2601, 159 L. Ed. 2d 643; see also id., at 615, 124 S. Ct. 2601, 159 L. Ed. 2d 643 (detailing a “series of relevant facts that bear on whether Miranda warnings delivered midstream could be effective enough to accomplish their object”). Justice Kennedy concurred in

[565 U.S. 31]

the judgment, noting he “would apply a narrower test applicable only in the infrequent case ... in which the two-step interrogation technique was used in a calculated way to undermine the Miranda warning.” Id., at 622, 124 S. Ct. 2601, 159 L. Ed. 2d 643.

In this case, no two-step interrogation technique of the type that concerned the Court in Seibert undermined the Miranda warnings Dixon received. In Seibert, the suspect’s first, unwarned interrogation left “little, if anything, of incriminating potential left unsaid,” making it “unnatural” not to “repeat at the second stage what had been said before.” 542 U.S., at 616-617, 124 S. Ct. 2601, 159 L. Ed. 2d 643 (plurality opinion). But in this case Dixon steadfastly maintained during his first, unwarned interrogation that he had “[n]othing whatsoever” to do with Hammer’s disappearance. App. to Pet. for Cert. 186a. Thus, unlike in Seibert, there is no concern here that police gave Dixon Miranda warnings and then led him to repeat an earlier murder confession, because there was no earlier confession to repeat. Indeed, Dixon contradicted his prior unwarned statements when he confessed to Hammer’s murder. Nor is there any evidence that police used Dixon’s earlier admission to forgery to induce him to waive his right to silence later: Dixon declared his desire to tell police what happened to Hammer before the second interrogation session even began. As the Ohio Supreme Court reasonably concluded, there was simply “no nexus” between Dixon’s unwarned admission to forgery and his later, warned confession to murder. 101 Ohio St. 3d, at 333, 805 N.E.2d, at 1051.

Moreover, in Seibert the Court was concerned that the Miranda warnings did not “effectively advise the suspect that he had a real choice about giving an admissible statement” because the unwarned and warned interrogations blended into one “continuum.” 542 U.S., at 612, 617, 124 S. Ct. 2601, 159 L. Ed. 2d 643. Given all the circumstances of this case, that is not so here. Four hours passed between Dixon’s unwarned interrogation and his receipt of Miranda rights, during which time he traveled from the police station to a separate jail and back again; claimed

[565 U.S. 32]

to have spoken to his lawyer; and learned that police were talking to his accomplice and had found Hammer’s body. Things had changed. Under Seibert, this significant break in time and dramatic change in circumstances created “a new and distinct experience,” ensuring that Dixon’s prior, unwarned interrogation did not undermine the effectiveness of the Miranda warnings he received before confessing to Hammer’s murder. 542 U.S., at 615, 124 S. Ct. 2601, 159 L. Ed. 2d 643; see also id., at 622, 124 S. Ct. 2601, 159 L. Ed. 2d 643 (Kennedy, J., concurring in judgment) (“For example, a substantial break in time and circumstances between the prewarning statement and the Miranda warning may suffice in most circumstances, as it allows the accused to distinguish the two contexts and appreciate that the interrogation has taken a new turn”).

The admission of Dixon’s murder confession was consistent with this Court’s precedents: Dixon received Miranda warnings before confessing to Hammer’s murder; the effectiveness of those warnings was not impaired by the sort of “two-step interrogation technique” condemned in Seibert; and there is no evidence that any of Dixon’s statements was the product of actual coercion. That does not excuse the detectives’ decision not to give Dixon Miranda warnings before his first interrogation. But the Ohio courts recognized that failure and imposed the appropriate remedy: exclusion of Dixon’s forgery confession and the attendant statements given without the benefit of Miranda warnings. Because no precedent of this Court required Ohio to do more, the

[565 U.S. 33]

Sixth Circuit was without authority to overturn the reasoned judgment of the State’s highest court.

The petition for a writ of certiorari and respondent’s motion to proceed in forma pauperis are granted. The judgment of the Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit is reversed, and the case is remanded for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

It is so ordered.

      . In the Sixth Circuit’s view, the Ohio Supreme Court’s contrary conclusion that Dixon’s confession was voluntary “was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding.’’ § 2254(d)(2). The Sixth Circuit did not, however, purport to identify any mistaken factual finding. It differed with the Ohio Supreme Court only on the ultimate characterization of Dixon’s confession as voluntary, and this Court’s cases make clear that “the ultimate issue of 'voluntariness’ is a legal question.’’ Miller v. Fenton, 474 U.S. 104, 110, 106 S. Ct. 445, 88 L. Ed. 2d 405 (1985); see also Arizona v. Fulminante, 499 U.S. 279, 287, 111 S. Ct. 1246, 113 L. Ed. 2d 302 (1991). This Court therefore addresses the question the Sixth Circuit should have addressed: whether the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision “was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States.’’ § 2254(d)(1).

      . The only case the Sixth Circuit cited on this issue was Mincey v. Arizona, 437 U.S. 385, 98 S. Ct. 2408, 57 L. Ed. 2d 290 (1978). Mincey involved the “virtually continuous questioning of a seriously and painfully wounded man on the edge of consciousness’’ who was in a hospital’s intensive care unit and who “clearly expressed his wish not to be interrogated’’ while in a “debilitated and helpless condition.’’ Id., at 399-401, 98 S. Ct. 2408, 57 L. Ed. 2d 290. There is simply nothing in the facts or reasoning of Mincey suggesting that any of Dixon’s statements were involuntary.

      . Seibert was not decided until after the Ohio Supreme Court’s opinion in this case, but was issued before this Court denied Dixon’s petition for certiorari seeking review of the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision. It is thus an open question whether Seibert was “clearly established Federal law’’ for purposes of § 2254(d). See Smith v. Spisak, 558 U.S. 139, 143, 130 S. Ct. 676, 175 L. Ed. 2d 595 (2010). It is not necessary to decide that question here because Seibert is entirely consistent with the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision. Thus, if Seibert was clearly established law, the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision was not “contrary to’’ or “an unreasonable application of’ Seibert. § 2254(d). And if Seibert was not clearly established law, Seibert's explication of Elstad further demonstrates that the Ohio Supreme Court’s decision was not contrary to or an unreasonable application of Elstad.

      . The Sixth Circuit also concluded that “the Ohio Supreme Court erroneously placed the burden of proof on Dixon to prove that his confession was coerced.” Dixon v. Houk, 627 F.3d 553, 558 (2010). But the Ohio Supreme Court clearly said that ‘the state carries the burden of proving voluntariness.” State v. Dixon, 101 Ohio St. 3d 328, 332, 2004-Ohio-1585, 805 N.E.2d 1042, 1050. That the court’s opinion discusses the absence of evidence of coerciveness alongside the affirmative evidence of voluntariness in no way indicates that the court shifted the burden onto Dixon.


source: Caselaw Access Project

author: Justice Scalia

license: Public Domain

text:
    [565 U.S. 34]
    ERIC GREENE, aka JARMAINE Q. TRICE, Petitioner v JON FISHER, SUPERINTENDENT, STATE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION at SMITHFIELD, et al.
    565 U.S. 34, 132 S. Ct. 38,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 336,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 8077
    [No. 10-637]
    Argued October 11, 2011.
    Decided November 8, 2011.

      APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL ARGUING CASE
    Jeffrey L. Fisher argued the cause for petitioner.
    Ronald Eisenberg argued the cause for respondents.
   OPINION OF THE COURT

[565 U.S. 35]

Justice Scalia

delivered the opinion of the Court.

Under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AE-DPA), a federal court may not grant habeas relief to a state prisoner with respect to any claim that has been “adjudicated on the merits in State court proceedings” unless the state-court adjudication “resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of,

[565 U.S. 36]

clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1). We consider whether “clearly established Federal law” includes decisions of this Court that are announced after the last adjudication of the merits in state court but before the defendant’s conviction becomes final.

I

In December 1993, petitioner Eric Greene and four co-conspirators robbed a grocery store in North Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. During the robbery, one of the men shot and killed the store’s owner. The five were apprehended, and two of them confessed to taking part in the robbery. Greene did not confess, but he was implicated by the others’ statements.

When the Commonwealth sought to try all of the co-conspirators jointly, Greene sought severance, arguing, inter alia, that the confessions of his nontestifying codefendants should not be introduced at his trial. The trial court denied the motion to sever, but agreed to require redaction of the confessions to eliminate proper names. As redacted, the confessions replaced names with words like “this guy,” “someone,” and “other guys,” or with the word “blank,” or simply omitted the names without substitution.

A jury convicted Greene of second-degree murder, robbery, and conspiracy. He appealed to the Pennsylvania Superior Court, arguing that severance of his trial was demanded by the rule announced in Bruton v. United States, 391 U.S. 123, 88 S. Ct. 1620, 20 L. Ed. 2d 476 (1968), that the Confrontation Clause forbids the prosecution to introduce a nontestify-ing codefendant’s confession implicating the defendant in the crime. The Pennsylvania Superior Court affirmed the conviction, holding that the redaction had cured any problem under Bruton.

Greene filed a petition for allowance of appeal to the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, raising the same Bruton claim. While that petition was pending, we held in Gray v. Maryland, 523 U.S. 185, 195, 118 S. Ct. 1151, 140 L. Ed. 2d 294 (1998), that “considered as a class,

[565 U.S. 37]

redactions that replace a proper name with an obvious blank, the word ‘delete,’ a symbol, or similarly notify the jury that a name has been deleted are similar enough to Bruton’s unredacted confessions as to warrant the same legal results.” The Pennsylvania Supreme Court granted the petition for allowance of appeal, limited to the question whether admission of the redacted confessions violated Greene’s Sixth Amendment rights. After the parties filed merits briefs, however, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court dismissed the appeal as improvidently granted.

Greene then filed a federal habeas corpus petition in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, alleging, inter alia, that the introduction of his nontesti-fying codefendants’ statements violated the Confrontation Clause. Adopting the report and recommendation of a Magistrate Judge, the District Court denied the petition. It concluded that since our decision in Gray was not “clearly established Federal law” when the Pennsylvania Superior Court adjudicated Greene’s Confrontation Clause claim, that court’s decision was not “contrary to,” or “an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law.” 28 U.S.C. § 2254(d)(1).

A divided panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit affirmed. Greene v. Palakovich, 606 F.3d 85 (2010). The majority held that the “clearly established Federal law” referred to in § 2254(d)(1) is the law at the time of the state-court adjudication on the merits. Id., at 99. The dissenting judge contended that it is the law at the time the conviction becomes final. Id., at 108. We granted certiorari. 563 U.S. 917, 131 S. Ct. 1813, 179 L. Ed. 2d 772 (2011).

II

Section 2254(d) of Title 28 U.S.C., as amended by AEDPA, provides:

“An application for a writ of ha-beas corpus on behalf of a person in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State court shall not be granted with respect to any
[565 U.S. 38]
claim that was adjudicated on the merits in State court proceedings unless the adjudication of the claim—
“(1) resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, as determined by the Supreme Court of the United States; or
“(2) resulted in a decision that was based on an unreasonable determination of the facts in light of the evidence presented in the State court proceeding.”

The issue here pertains to the first exception. We have said that its standard of “contrary to, or involv[ing] an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law” is “difficult to meet,” because the purpose of AE-DPA is to ensure that federal habeas relief functions as a “ ‘guard against extreme malfunctions in the state criminal justice systems,’ ” and not as a means of error correction. Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 102-103, 131 S. Ct. 770, 178 L. Ed. 2d 624 (2011) (quoting Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 332, n. 5, 99 S. Ct. 2781, 61 L. Ed. 2d 560 (1979) (Stevens, J., concurring in judgment)).

In light of that objective, and relying upon the text of the provision, we held last Term, in Cullen v. Pinholster, 563 U.S. 170, 131 S. Ct. 1388, 179 L. Ed. 2d 557 (2011), that review under § 2254(d)(1) is limited to the record that was before the state court that adjudicated the prisoner’s claim on the merits. We said that the provision’s “backward-looking language requires an examination of the state-court decision at the time it was made.” Id., at 182, 131 S. Ct. 1388, 179 L. Ed. 2d 557. The reasoning of Cullen determines the result here. As we explained, § 2254(d)(1) requires federal courts to “focu[s] on what a state court knew and did,” and to measure state-court decisions “against this Court’s precedents as of ‘the time the state court renders its decision.’ Ibid. (quoting Lockyer v. Andrade, 538 U.S. 63, 71-72, 123 S. Ct. 1166, 155 L. Ed. 2d 144 (2003); emphasis added).

Greene resists that conclusion by appealing to our decision in Teague v. Lane, 489 U.S. 288, 109 S. Ct. 1060, 103 L. Ed. 2d 334 (1989). Teague held that a prisoner seeking federal ha-beas relief may rely on new

[565 U.S. 39]

constitutional rules of criminal procedure announced before the prisoner’s conviction became final. Id., at 310, 109 S. Ct. 1060, 103 L. Ed. 2d 334 (plurality opinion); see also Penry v. Lynaugh, 492 U.S. 302, 313, 109 S. Ct. 2934, 106 L. Ed. 2d 256 (1989) (affirming and applying Teague rule). Finality occurs when direct state appeals have been exhausted and a petition for writ of certiorari from this Court has become time barred or has been disposed of. Griffith v. Kentucky, 479 U.S. 314, 321, n. 6, 107 S. Ct. 708, 93 L. Ed. 2d 649 (1987). Greene contends that, because finality marks the temporal cutoff for Teague purposes, it must mark the temporal cutoff for “clearly established Federal law” under AE-DPA.

The analogy has been rejected by our cases. We have explained that AEDPA did not codify Teague, and that “the AEDPA and Teague inquiries are distinct.” Horn v. Banks, 536 U.S. 266, 272, 122 S. Ct. 2147, 153 L. Ed. 2d 301 (2002) (per curiam). The retroactivity rules that govern federal habeas review on the merits—which include Teague—are quite separate from the relitigation bar imposed by

AEDPA; neither abrogates or qualifies the other. If § 2254(d)(1) was, indeed, pegged to Teague, it would authorize relief when a state-court merits adjudication “resulted in a decision that became contrary to, or an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law, before the conviction became final.” The statute says no such thing, and we see no reason why Teague should alter AED-PA’s plain meaning.

Greene alternatively contends that the relevant “decision” to which the “clearly established Federal law” criterion must be applied is the decision of the state supreme court that disposes of a direct appeal from a defendant’s conviction or sentence, even when (as here) that decision does not adjudicate the relevant claim on the merits. This is an implausible

[565 U.S. 40]

reading of § 2254(d)(1). The text, we repeat, provides that habeas relief

“shall not be granted with respect to any claim that was adjudicated, on the merits in State court proceedings unless the adjudication of the claim . . . resulted in a decision that was contrary to, or involved, an unreasonable application of, clearly established Federal law . . . .” (Emphasis added.)

The words “the adjudication” in the “unless” clause obviously refer back to the “adjudicat[ion] on the merits,” and the phrase “resulted in a decision” in the “unless” clause obviously refers to the decision produced by that same adjudication on the merits. A later affirmance of that decision on alternative procedural grounds, for example, would not be a decision resulting from the merits adjudication. And much less would be (what is at issue here) a decision by the state supreme court not to hear the appeal—that is, not to decide at all.

Ill

The Third Circuit held, and the parties do not dispute, that the last state-court adjudication on the merits of Greene’s Confrontation Clause claim occurred on direct appeal to the Pennsylvania Superior Court. 606 F.3d, at 92, and n. 1. The Pennsylvania Superior Court’s decision predated our decision in Gray by nearly three months. The Third Circuit thus correctly held that Gray was not “clearly established Federal law” against which it could measure the Pennsylvania Superior Court’s decision. 606 F.3d, at 99. The panel then concluded (and the parties do not dispute) that the Pennsylvania Superior Court’s decision neither was “contrary to,” nor “involved an unreasonable application of,” any “clearly established Federal law” that existed at the time. Id., at 106. Consequently, § 2254(d)(1) bars the federal courts from granting Greene’s application for a writ of habeas corpus.

[565 U.S. 41]

We must observe that Greene’s predicament is an unusual one of his own creation. Before applying for federal habeas, he missed two opportunities to obtain relief under Gray: After the Pennsylvania Supreme Court dismissed his appeal, he did not file a petition for writ of certiorari from this Court, which would almost certainly have produced a remand in light of the intervening Gray decision. “Where intervening developments . . . reveal a reasonable probability that the decision below rests upon a premise that the lower court would reject if given the opportunity for further consideration, and where it appears that such a redetermination may determine the ultimate outcome of the litigation, [an order granting the petition, vacating the judgment below, and remanding the case (GVR)] is, we believe, potentially appropriate.” Lawrence v. Chater, 516 U.S. 163, 167, 116 S. Ct. 604, 133 L. Ed. 2d 545 (1996) (per curiam). See, e.g., Stanbridge v. New York, 395 U.S. 709, 89 S. Ct. 2033, 23 L. Ed. 2d 655 (1969) (per curiam) (GVR in light of Bruton). Nor did Greene assert his Gray claim in a petition for state postconviction relief. Having forgone two obvious means of asserting his claim, Greene asks us to provide him relief by interpreting AE-DPA in a manner contrary to both its text and our precedents. We decline to do so, and affirm the judgment of the Court of Appeals.

It is so ordered.

       Whether § 2254(d)(1) would bar a federal habeas petitioner from relying on a decision that came after the last state-court adjudication on the merits, but fell within one of the exceptions recognized in Teague, 489 U.S., at 311, 109 S. Ct. 1060, 103 L. Ed. 2d 334 (plurality opinion), is a question we need not address to resolve this case.


text:
    No. 11-82.
    Mississippi State Conference of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, et al., Appellants v. Haley Barbour, Governor of Mississippi, et al.
    565 U.S. 972, 132 S. Ct. 542,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 343,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7807.
    October 31, 2011.
   Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi. Judgment affirmed.


text:
    No. 10-1450.
    Sonic-Calabasas A, Inc., Petitioner v. Frank Moreno.
    565 U.S. 973, 132 S. Ct. 496,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 343,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7728.
    October 31, 2011.
   On petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of California. Petition for writ of certiorari granted. Judgment vacated, and case remanded to the Supreme Court of California for further consideration in light of AT&T Mobility LLC v. Concepcion, 563 U.S. 333, 131 S. Ct. 1740, 179 L. Ed. 2d 742 (2011).

Same case below, 51 Cal. 4th 659, 121 Cal. Rptr. 3d 58, 247 P.3d 130.


text:
    No. 10-1499.
    L. Perrigo Company, Petitioner v. Augustine Gaeta, et ux., Individually and as Guardian ad Litem for A. G., a Minor.
    565 U.S. 973, 132 S. Ct. 497,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 343,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7720.
    October 31, 2011.
   On petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. Petition for writ of certiorari granted. Judgment vacated, and case remanded to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit for further consideration in light of PLIVA, Inc. v. Mensing, 564 U.S. 604, 131 S. Ct. 2567, 180 L. Ed. 2d 580 (2011).

Same case below, 630 F.3d 1225.


text:
    No. 11-5942.
    Akeem Muhammad, Petitioner v. George Sapp, et al.
    565 U.S. 973, 132 S. Ct. 501,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 343,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7674.
    October 31, 2011.
   Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied, and petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit dismissed. See Rule 39.8. As petitioner has repeatedly abused this Court’s process, the Clerk is directed not to accept any further petitions in noncriminal matters from petitioner unless the docketing fee required by Rule 38(a) is paid and petition submitted in compliance with Rule 33.1. See Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 506 U.S. 1, 113 S. Ct. 397, 121 L. Ed. 2d 305 (1992) (per curiam).


text:
    No. 11-5972.
    Allen Glenn Thomas, Petitioner v. Texas Department of Criminal Justice Board, et al.
    565 U.S. 973, 132 S. Ct. 544,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 343,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7676.
    October 31, 2011.
   Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied, and petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Texas, Eleventh District, dismissed. See Rule 39.8. As petitioner has repeatedly abused this Court’s process, the Clerk is directed not to accept any further petitions in noncriminal matters from petitioner unless the docketing fee required by Rule 38(a) is paid and petition submitted in compliance with Rule 33.1. See Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 506 U.S. 1, 113 S. Ct. 397, 121 L. Ed. 2d 305 (1992) (per curiam).


text:
    No. 11-6143.
    Byron Elroy Crutcher, Petitioner v. Nevada.
    565 U.S. 973, 132 S. Ct. 514,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 344,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7664.
    October 31, 2011.
   Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied, and petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Nevada dismissed. See Rule 39.8. As petitioner has repeatedly abused this Court’s process, the Clerk is directed not to accept any further petitions in noncriminal matters from petitioner unless the docketing fee required by Rule 38(a) is paid and petition submitted in compliance with Rule 33.1. See Martin v. District of Columbia Court of Appeals, 506 U.S. 1, 113 S. Ct. 397, 121 L. Ed. 2d 305 (1992) (per curiam).

Same case below, 127 Nev. 1128, 373 P.3d 907.


text:
    No. 11-6265.
    Otha Eric Townsend, Petitioner v. Sharon Jacks.
    565 U.S. 974, 132 S. Ct. 520,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 344,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7641.
    October 31, 2011.
   Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied, and petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit dismissed. See Rule 39.8.

Same case below, 417 Fed. Appx. 577.


text:
    No. 11-6657.
    Muhammad Jalal-Deem Akbar, Petitioner v. Brian Jett, Warden.
    565 U.S. 974, 132 S. Ct. 539,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 344,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7642.
    October 31, 2011.
   Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied, and petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit dismissed. See Rule 39.8.

Same case below, 429 Fed. Appx. 627.


text:
    No. 11M37.
    Yong I. Lee and Chun S. Chang, Petitioners v. Central Presbytery of the Korean Presbyterian Church of America.
    565 U.S. 975, 132 S. Ct. 542,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 344,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7719.
    October 31, 2011.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file a petition for writ of certiorari out of time denied.

Same case below, 403 Ill. App. 3d 1098, 373 Ill. Dec. 146, 993 N.E.2d 146.


text:
    No. 11M38.
    Yong I. Lee, Petitioner v. Central Presbytery of the Korean Presbyterian Church of America.
    565 U.S. 975, 132 S. Ct. 542,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 344,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7897.
    October 31, 2011.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file a petition for writ of certiorari out of time denied.

Same case below, 403 Ill. App. 3d 1098, 373 Ill. Dec. 146, 993 N.E.2d 146.


text:
    No. 11M39.
    Jerry Michael Smith, Petitioner v. Richard Kirkland, Warden, et al.
    565 U.S. 975, 132 S. Ct. 542,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 344,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7905.
    October 31, 2011.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file a petition for writ of certiorari out of time denied.

Same case below, 407 Fed. Appx. 150.


text:
    No. 11-5980.
    Steve Starbala, et ux., Petitioners v. Homecomings Financial Network, Inc.
    565 U.S. 975, 132 S. Ct. 542,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 345,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7910.
    October 31, 2011.
   Motion of petitioners for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied. Petitioners are allowed until November 21, 2011, within which to pay the docketing fee required by Rule 38(a) and to submit a petition in compliance with Rule 33.1 of the Rules of this Court.

Same case below, 125 Conn. App. 901, 10 A.3d 1109.


text:
    No. 10-1445.
    Thomas C. Temperly, Petitioner v. Indiana.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 496,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 345,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7916.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Indiana, Second District, denied.

Same case below, 933 N.E.2d 558.


text:
    No. 10-1448.
    Varughese Adackamangal Varughese, aka Varughese Varughese, Petitioner v. Eric H. Holder, Jr., Attorney General.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 496,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 345,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7915.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.

Same case below, 629 F.3d 272.


text:
    No. 10-1535.
    John D. Villanueva, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 497,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 345,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7865.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 410 Fed. Appx. 638.


text:
    No. 10-10352.
    Vern Odell Crawford, aka Odell V. Crawford, aka O’Dell Crawford, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 496,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 345,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7733.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 407 Fed. Appx. 738.


text:
    No. 10-10784.
    Donald Miller, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 496,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 345,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7821.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 634 F.3d 841.


text:
    No. 10-10954.
    Philip W. McClure, Petitioner v. Oregon Department of Corrections, et al.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 542,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 345,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7791.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Oregon denied.


text:
    No. 10-11137.
    Otis Parkes, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 497,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 346,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7823.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 10-11143.
    Terrell Maurice Mars, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 497,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 346,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7721.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.

Same case below, 419 Fed. Appx. 913.


text:
    No. 10-11193.
    Lisa Jo Chamberlin, Petitioner v. Mississippi.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 497,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 346,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7887.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Mississippi denied.

Same case below, 55 So. 3d 1046.


text:
    No. 10-11211.
    Kofi Kyei, Petitioner v. Oregon Department of Transportation, et al.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 498,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 346,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7892.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-2.
    Stryker Corporation, et al., Petitioners v. Margaret J. Bausch.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 498,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 346,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7909.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit denied.

Same case below, 630 F.3d 546.


text:
    No. 11-80.
    Gila River Indian Community, Petitioner v. G. Grant Lyon.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 498,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 346,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7722.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 626 F.3d 1059.


text:
    No. 11-113.
    Avery Doninger, Petitioner v. Karissa Niehoff, et al.
    565 U.S. 976, 132 S. Ct. 499,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 346,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7814.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.

Same case below, 642 F.3d 334.


text:
    No. 11-131.
    Barr Laboratories, Inc., et al., Petitioners v. Cancer Research Technology Limited, et al.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 499,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 346,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7709.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied.

Same case below, 625 F.3d 724.


text:
    No. 11-156.
    William R. Rhodes, et al., Petitioners v. E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 499,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 347,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7899.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 636 F.3d 88.


text:
    No. 11-174.
    Garden Grove Unified School District, Petitioner v. C.B., a Minor, By and Through His Guardian ad Litem, Alexis Baquerizo.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 500,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 347,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7833.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 635 F.3d 1155.


text:
    No. 11-211.
    Live Gold Operations, Inc., Petitioner v. Paula T. Dow, Attorney General of New Jersey.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 500,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 347,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7810.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit denied.

Same case below, 650 F.3d 223.


text:
    No. 11-216.
    Daniel Carrera, et al., Petitioners v. Commercial Coating Services International, Limited, et al.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 501,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 347,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7904.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 422 Fed. Appx. 334.


text:
    No. 11-223.
    Edward Tinsley, Petitioner v. Angela Q. Barksdale.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 502,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 347,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7804.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals denied.


text:
    No. 11-231.
    Downing/Salt Pond Partners, L.P., Petitioner v. Rhode Island, et al.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 502,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 347,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7886.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit denied.

Same case below, 643 F.3d 16.


text:
    No. 11-242.
    Brandon Dale Woodruff, Petitioner v. Texas.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 502,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 347,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7788.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Texas, Sixth District, denied.

Same case below, 330 S.W.3d 709.


text:
    No. 11-243.
    Juan J. Salazar, et al., Petitioners v. City of Maywood, California, et al.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 502,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 348,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7878.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 414 Fed. Appx. 73.


text:
    No. 11-244.
    Paramount Contractors and Developers, Inc., Petitioner v. City of Los Angeles, California.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 502,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 348,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7829.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 434 Fed. Appx. 662.


text:
    No. 11-248.
    Santiago Meza-Corano, et al., Petitioners v. Eric H. Holder, Jr., Attorney General.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 503,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 348,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7914.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-253.
    Ariel King, Petitioner v. Michael Pfeiffer.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 507,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 348,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7780.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Special Appeals of Maryland denied.

Same case below, 194 Md. App. 730 and 194 Md. App. 733.


text:
    No. 11-255.
    Edward Tinsley, Petitioner v. Angela Q. Barksdale.
    565 U.S. 977, 132 S. Ct. 508,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 348,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7715,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals denied.

Same case below, 17 A.3d 1197.


text:
    No. 11-259.
    Edward H. Flint, Petitioner v. Churchill Downs Inc., et al.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 509,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 348,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7762.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-261.
    Charles Podaras, Petitioner v. City of Menlo Park, California, et al.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 510,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 348,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7813.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 427 Fed. Appx. 614.


text:
    No. 11-264.
    Christopher P. Borst, Petitioner v. Missouri.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 510,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 348,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7732.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Missouri, Western District, denied.

Same case below, 337 S.W.3d 95.


text:
    No. 11-267.
    Geoffrey Todd Krasner, Petitioner v. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, et al.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 543,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 349,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7837.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-268.
    Mitch Hayden, Petitioner v. Pontiac Police Officer Dwight Green.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 543,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 349,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7867.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 640 F.3d 150.


text:
    No. 11-270.
    Robert E. Poles, Petitioner v. Brooklyn Community Housing and Services, et al.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 511,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 349,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7828.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-273.
    David Torgerson, et al., Petitioners v. City of Rochester, Minnesota.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 513,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 349,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7902.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 643 F.3d 1031.


text:
    No. 11-276.
    Connie Lee Leon, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 514,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 349,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7883.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 416 Fed. Appx. 357.


text:
    No. 11-285.
    Charles R. Noel, et al., Petitioners v. Carlos Artson, et al.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 516,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 349,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7803.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 641 F.3d 580.


text:
    No. 11-286.
    Samson Primm, Petitioner v. Ohio.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 516,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 349,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7765.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Ohio, Cuyahoga County, denied.


text:
    No. 11-291.
    Alexander Gabay, Petitioner v. Matthew Cate, Secretary, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 517,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 350,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7772.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 418 Fed. Appx. 649.


text:
    No. 11-294.
    Kentucky, Petitioner v. Robert Cobb.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 518,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 350,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7747.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Kentucky denied.


text:
    No. 11-308.
    Richard E. Thomas, et al., Petitioners v. Edward Alcoser, et al.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 518,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 350,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7890,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeal of California, First Appellate District, denied.


text:
    No. 11-309.
    Nicholas P. Tides, et al., Petitioners v. The Boeing Company.
    565 U.S. 978, 132 S. Ct. 518,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 350,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7880.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 644 F.3d 809.


text:
    No. 11-310.
    Adolfo Sandor Montero, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 519,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 350,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7825.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 409 Fed. Appx. 738.


text:
    No. 11-319.
    Alejandro Fox, Petitioner v. Bakery, Confectionery, Tobacco Workers and Grain Millers International Union, Local No. 24, AFL-CIO, et al.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 521,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 350,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7741.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 428 Fed. Appx. 767.


text:
    No. 11-320.
    James Linn Higerd, Petitioner v. Florida.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 521,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 350,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7794.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District, denied.

Same case below, 54 So. 3d 513.


text:
    No. 11-321.
    Adolfus O’Brian Giles, Petitioner v. Wal-Mart Stores East, LP.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 521,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 351,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7743.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.

Same case below, 426 Fed. Appx. 816.


text:
    No. 11-325.
    Daniel B. Allison, II, former Attorney of Record for the Estate of Mary V. Allison, Donor, Deceased, Petitioner v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 522,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 351,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7870.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 403 Fed. Appx. 866.


text:
    No. 11-328.
    Thomas Stine, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 522,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 351,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7827.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied.

Same case below, 417 Fed. Appx. 979.


text:
    No. 11-330.
    Alexander Robert Brown, Petitioner v. North Carolina.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 522,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 351,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7782.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Superior Court of North Carolina, Wake County, denied.


text:
    No. 11-331.
    Douglas Paul Marcello, Petitioner v. Internal Revenue Service.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 523,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 351,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7805,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 414 Fed. Appx. 560.


text:
    No. 11-346.
    American Central City, Inc., Petitioner v. Joint Antelope Valley Authority, et al.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 525,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 351,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7912.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Nebraska denied.

Same case below, 281 Neb. 742, 807 N.W.2d 170.


text:
    No. 11-351.
    Bashir Noorzai, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 526,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 351,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7727.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.

Same case below, 422 Fed. Appx. 54.


text:
    No. 11-352.
    Gayle Oppliger, et al., Petitioners v. United States.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 526,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 351,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7826.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 637 F.3d 889.


text:
    No. 11-353.
    United States ex rel. Thomas Ubl, Petitioner v. IIF Data Solutions, Inc., et al.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 526,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 352,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7787.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 650 F.3d 445.


text:
    No. 11-361.
    Rudolph Alexander, Petitioner v. Ohio State University College of Social Work, et al.
    565 U.S. 979, 132 S. Ct. 528,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 352,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7907.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 429 Fed. Appx. 481.


text:
    No. 11-366.
    Justin Ringgold-Lockhart, et al., Petitioners v. Myer J. Sankary, et al.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 528,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 352,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7757.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-370.
    Colt Allen O’Connell, Petitioner v. Maggie Miller-Stout, Superintendent, Airway Heights Corrections Center.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 528,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 352,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7816.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-371.
    Nick C. Tran, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 528,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 352,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7755.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 433 Fed. Appx. 227.


text:
    No. 11-387.
    Douglas E. Leightey, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 534,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 352,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7855.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.

Same case below, 432 Fed. Appx. 836.


text:
    No. 11-392.
    Frank M. Lombard, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 534,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 352,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7730.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit denied.

Same case below, 424 Fed. Appx. 5.


text:
    No. 11-5253.
    Lamarr Fletcher, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 498,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 352,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7843.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5328.
    Paramore Sanborn, Petitioner v. Phil Parker, Warden.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 498,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 353,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7726.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 629 F.3d 554.


text:
    No. 11-5551.
    Anael Vasquez-Diaz, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 499,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 353,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7882.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 430 Fed. Appx. 576.


text:
    No. 11-5552.
    Lawrence E. Waldren, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 499,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 353,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7820.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 431 Fed. Appx. 374.


text:
    No. 11-5606.
    Nikiforos Kalfountzos, Petitioner v. United States Railroad Retirement Board.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 499,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 353,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7759,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 427 Fed. Appx. 612.


text:
    No. 11-5925.
    Juan Ramon Aguilar, Petitioner v. M. S. Adams, Warden.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 500,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 353,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7906.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5926.
    Shawncey Blake, Petitioner v. San Francisco Police Department, et al.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 500,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 353,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7819.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5927.
    Mary Kay Baden, Petitioner v. City of Wheaton, Illinois, et al.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 500,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 353,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7766,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit denied.

Same case below, 420 Fed. Appx. 628.


text:
    No. 11-5932.
    Stephen A. Mitchell, Petitioner v. Carol R. Howes, Warden.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 501,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 353,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7868.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5936.
    David Derringer, Petitioner v. Arizona, et al.
    565 U.S. 980, 132 S. Ct. 501,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 354,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7754,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5937.
    David Schied, Petitioner v. Ronald Ward, et al.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 501,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 354,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7769,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5943.
    Lakesha Norington, Petitioner v. Keith Butts, Superintendent, Pendleton Correctional Facility.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 501,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 354,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7750,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5953.
    Joseph Murray, Petitioner v. District of Columbia Department of Employment Services, et al.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 503,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 354,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7800.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the District of Columbia Court of Appeals denied.

Same case below, 12 A.3d 1173.


text:
    No. 11-5958.
    Noel Clark, Jr., Petitioner v. Craig Coffee.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 503,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 354,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7775.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5960.
    Ron Joseph Meyers, Petitioner v. Minnesota.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 503,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 354,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7908.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Minnesota denied.


text:
    No. 11-5962.
    Donald Joe Jelani, Petitioner v. Greg Province, Warden.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 503,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 354,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7845,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 423 Fed. Appx. 774.


text:
    No. 11-5963.
    Wallace C. Jones, Jr., Petitioner v. Florida.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 503,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 354,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7806,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the District Court of Appeal of Florida, Third District, denied.

Same case below, 63 So. 3d 772.


text:
    No. 11-5965.
    Carl Johnson, Petitioner v. Richard Brown, Superintendent, Wabash Valley Correctional Facility.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 504,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 355,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7793.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5967.
    Kenneth Wayne Dollery, Petitioner v. Texas.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 504,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 355,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7802.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Texas, Ninth District, denied.


text:
    No. 11-5969.
    Cynthia Lynn Wallace, Petitioner v. Kentucky.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 504,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 355,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7729.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Kentucky denied.


text:
    No. 11-5971.
    Chauncey Williams, Petitioner v. Virginia, et al.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 504,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 355,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7799.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Virginia denied.


text:
    No. 11-5974.
    Jerry Law, Petitioner v. J. Tim Ochoa, Warden.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 504,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 355,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7786.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5983.
    James Belcher, Petitioner v. Kenneth S. Tucker, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 543,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 355,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7888.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.

Same case below, 427 Fed. Appx. 692.


text:
    No. 11-5989.
    Jack Van de Viver, Petitioner v. Dale Artus, Superintendent, Clinton Correctional Facility.
    565 U.S. 981, 132 S. Ct. 504,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 355,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7749.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5993.
    Anthony L. Marlar, Petitioner v. Timothy Riley, Warden.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 504,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 355,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7753.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 432 Fed. Appx. 182.


text:
    No. 11-5995.
    Theodore Grange, Petitioner v. Southeastern Mechanical Services, Inc.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 505,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 356,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7778.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 427 Fed. Appx. 269.


text:
    No. 11-5997.
    David R. Moreno, Petitioner v. James A. Yates, Warden.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 505,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 356,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7790.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-5999.
    Ricardo Gonzalez, Petitioner v. Kenneth S. Tucker, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 543,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 356,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7891.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.

Same case below, 629 F.3d 1219.


text:
    No. 11-6011.
    Cynthia Clanton, Petitioner v. Schlegel Systems, Inc., et al.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 505,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 356,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7784,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6013.
    Ereedius Gross, Petitioner v. Burl Cain, Warden.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 505,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 356,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7796.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 426 Fed. Appx. 259.


text:
    No. 11-6015.
    David Schied, Petitioner v. Scott Snyder, et al.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 505,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 356,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7918,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6021.
    Robert Sapanara, Petitioner v. Todd Thomas, Warden.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 505,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 356,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7777.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6023.
    Lafair Smith, Petitioner v. Michael Bowersox, Superintendent, South Central Correctional Facility.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 506,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 356,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7896.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6027.
    Mark Manzella, Petitioner v. Dave Dormire, Superintendent, Jefferson City Correctional Center.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 506,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 357,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7809,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6038.
    Jesse Lee Carter, Petitioner v. Hugh K. Campbell.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 506,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 357,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7854,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Virginia denied.


text:
    No. 11-6042.
    Jesse Collins, Petitioner v. City of Jacksonville, Florida.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 506,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 357,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7817.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Florida denied.

Same case below, 54 So. 3d 973.


text:
    No. 11-6044.
    Jose Fernando Colon, Petitioner v. Fred Burnett, Warden, et al.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 506,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 357,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7894.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6045.
    Amilcar Rodriguez, Petitioner v. Illinois.
    565 U.S. 982, 132 S. Ct. 506,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 357,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7857.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Appellate Court of Illinois, First District, denied.

Same case below, 405 Ill. App. 3d 1202, 375 Ill. Dec. 699, 997 N.E.2d 1010.


text:
    No. 11-6047.
    Jeanne Marie Soja, Petitioner v. California.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 507,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 357,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7812.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeal of California, Sixth Appellate District, denied.


text:
    No. 11-6051.
    Billy E. Parker, Petitioner v. Justin Jones, Director, Oklahoma Department of Corrections.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 507,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 357,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7900.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 423 Fed. Appx. 824.


text:
    No. 11-6054.
    Barbara Springs, Petitioner v. New York City Board of Education, et al.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 507,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 357,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7901,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6055.
    Benjamin Roberson, Petitioner v. Mississippi.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 507,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 358,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7779.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Mississippi denied.

Same case below, 61 So. 3d 204.


text:
    No. 11-6058.
    Javier Ortiz, Petitioner v. Pennsylvania, et al.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 507,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 358,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7863.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6059.
    John Ronald Espie, Petitioner v. Steven Rivard, Warden.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 508,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 358,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7830.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6062.
    Patrick W. Carey, Petitioner v. Tom Roy, Commissioner, Minnesota Department of Corrections, et al.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 508,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 358,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7864,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6063.
    Michael Lee Davis, Petitioner v. Rick Thaler, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 508,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 358,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7856,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6069.
    Helen Mansor-Hopkinson, Petitioner v. La Maison Management, LLC, et al.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 508,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 358,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7846.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Superior Court of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Office, denied.


text:
    No. 11-6070.
    Robert T. Pritchard, Sr., et ux., Petitioners v. Dow Agro Sciences, et al.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 508,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 358,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7731.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit denied.

Same case below, 430 Fed. Appx. 102.


text:
    No. 11-6071.
    Stephen Gerard Brandon, Petitioner v. Rick Thaler, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Correctional Institutions Division.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 509,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 359,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7789.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6072.
    Ronald Brown, Petitioner v. McDonalds USA, LLC, et al.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 509,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 359,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7831.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 430 Fed. Appx. 700.


text:
    No. 11-6074.
    Malachi Antonio Byrd, Petitioner v. Virginia.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 509,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 359,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7795.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Virginia denied.


text:
    No. 11-6077.
    Randy Morris, Petitioner v. Cindi Curtin, Warden.
    565 U.S. 983, 132 S. Ct. 509,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 359,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7876.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6078.
    Lena Michelle Miniard, Petitioner v. Supreme Court of Ohio, et al.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 509,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 359,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7744.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6081.
    Manuel Chapa, Petitioner v. Lynn Cooper, Warden.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 510,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 359,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7713.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6084.
    William E. Singleton, Petitioner v. William R. Byars, Jr., Director, South Carolina Department of Corrections, et al.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 510,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 359,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7877.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 447 Fed. Appx. 431.


text:
    No. 11-6086.
    Burlin C. Webb, Petitioner v. Patricia S. Oney, Judge, Court of Common Pleas of Ohio, Butler County, et al.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 510,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 359,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7884.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6090.
    Michael Anthony Evans, Petitioner v. Adrienne Hernandez, et al.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 510,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 360,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7808.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Texas, Thirteenth District, denied.


text:
    No. 11-6091.
    Manuel Perez, Petitioner v. William Lee, Superintendent, Green Haven Correctional Facility.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 511,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 360,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7838.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6098.
    Kenneth Ray Bivert, Petitioner v. California.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 511,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 360,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7871.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of California denied.

Same case below, 52 Cal. 4th 96, 127 Cal. Rptr. 3d 261, 254 P.3d 300.


text:
    No. 11-6101.
    Gil Jones, Petitioner v. Maryland State’s Attorney Office.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 511,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 360,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7869.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 432 Fed. Appx. 262.


text:
    No. 11-6102.
    Jonathan Lewis, Petitioner v. Florida, et al.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 511,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 360,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7852.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District, denied.

Same case below, 58 So. 3d 264.


text:
    No. 11-6104.
    Nikiforos Kalfountzos, Petitioner v. City of Sacramento, California, et al.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 511,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 360,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7768,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6107.
    Judith Tompson, Petitioner v. Massachusetts Department of Mental Health.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 512,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 360,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7781,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Appeals Court of Massachusetts denied.

Same case below, 76 Mass. App. 586, 924 N.E.2d 747.


text:
    No. 11-6108.
    Robert Juarbe, Petitioner v. Burl Cain, Warden.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 512,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 360,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7767.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6109.
    Kenneth Junier, Petitioner v. Mark Conrad, et al.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 512,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 361,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7746.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Appeals Court of Massachusetts denied.

Same case below, 79 Mass. App. 1113, 945 N.E.2d 438.


text:
    No. 11-6110.
    Clay Alexander, Petitioner v. Tom Clements, Executive Director, Colorado Department of Corrections, et al.
    565 U.S. 984, 132 S. Ct. 512,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 361,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7797.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 424 Fed. Appx. 738.


text:
    No. 11-6111.
    Vincent Artis, Petitioner v. New York.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 512,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 361,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7725.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Appellate Division, Supreme Court of New York, Second Judicial Department, denied.

Same case below, 77 App. Div. 3d 848, 909 N.Y.S.2d 381.


text:
    No. 11-6114.
    Luis Rocha, Petitioner v. Adrian Feinerman.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 512,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 361,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7824.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6115.
    Young Bok Song, Petitioner v. James Welch, et al.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 513,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 361,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7862.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 430 Fed. Appx. 213.


text:
    No. 11-6116.
    Michael A. Singleton, Petitioner v. Ten Unidentified United States Marshals.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 513,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 361,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7885,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of South Carolina denied.


text:
    No. 11-6118.
    Tron Manuel Littlejohn, Petitioner v. Cecilia R. Reynolds, Warden.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 513,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 361,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7736.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 430 Fed. Appx. 215.


text:
    No. 11-6127.
    Gary D. Easley, Petitioner v. California, et al.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 513,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 361,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7792.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 425 Fed. Appx. 583.


text:
    No. 11-6130.
    Brian Kim, Petitioner v. Lydia C. Hense, Warden.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 515,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 362,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7714.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6131.
    David Jackson, Petitioner v. Marcus Hardy, Warden.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 515,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 362,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7853.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6135.
    Ronald Mitchell, Petitioner v. Karen Gershen, et al.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 516,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 362,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7785.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit denied.

Same case below, 466 Fed. Appx. 84.


text:
    No. 11-6136.
    Mohammad Norouzian, Petitioner v. Truman Medical Center, Inc.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 515,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 362,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7911.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6137.
    Daniel Szmania, Petitioner v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 515,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 362,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7783.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Washington, Division 2, denied.

Same case below, 160 Wash. App. 1002.


text:
    No. 11-6139.
    Ricky Alonzo Evans, Petitioner v. Harold W. Clarke, Director, Virginia Department of Corrections.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 515,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 362,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7718.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 428 Fed. Appx. 236.


text:
    No. 11-6140.
    Tami Carnley, Petitioner v. David Morgan, Sheriff, Escambia County, Florida.
    565 U.S. 985, 132 S. Ct. 513,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 362,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7858.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Florida denied.

Same case below, 60 So. 3d 1054.


text:
    No. 11-6141.
    Debra Feldman, Petitioner v. Twentieth Century Fox, et al.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 514,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 362,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7847.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6142.
    Ricky H. Hammontree, Petitioner v. Robert Horel, Warden.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 514,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 363,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7752.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6150.
    Kenneth Eugene Reeves, Petitioner v. Florida.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 515,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 363,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7716.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fifth District, denied.

Same case below, 57 So. 3d 874.


text:
    No. 11-6155.
    Amir H. Sanjari, Petitioner v. Alison Gratzol.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 514,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 363,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7770.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Indiana, Fourth District, denied.


text:
    No. 11-6156.
    Patrick L. Richardson, Petitioner v. James Walker, Warden.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 514,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 363,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7872.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6161.
    Carlton George Black, Petitioner v. Eric H. Holder, Jr., Attorney General.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 516,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 363,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7776.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6170.
    Gary William Hallford, Petitioner v. J. Mendez, et al.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 516,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 363,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7798,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 422 Fed. Appx. 621.


text:
    No. 11-6171.
    Ronald E. Mitchell, Petitioner v. Missouri.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 516,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 363,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7849.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Missouri, Western District, denied.

Same case below, 337 S.W.3d 68.


text:
    No. 11-6172.
    Kirk John Northup, Petitioner v. Cody W. Ginsel, Warden, et al.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 517,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 363,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7761.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6175.
    William Hill, Petitioner v. Kenneth S. Tucker, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 543,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 364,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7739.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6177.
    Mark A. Gleason, Petitioner v. Matthew Cate, Secretary, California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation, et al. (two judgments).
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 517,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 364,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7834.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6185.
    John Carlo Manigaulte, Petitioner v. C.W. Post of Long Island University.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 517,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 364,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7889,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6188.
    David L. Joe, Petitioner v. Walgreens Co./ILL, et al.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 517,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 364,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7711.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 413 Fed. Appx. 928.


text:
    No. 11-6189.
    Michael Harrison, Petitioner v. Ray Lawler, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Huntingdon, et al.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 517,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 364,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7859.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6191.
    Jorge Ibarra-Perez, Petitioner v. Millicent Warren, Warden.
    565 U.S. 986, 132 S. Ct. 518,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 364,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7764.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6203.
    Scott Patrick McKinstry, Petitioner v. California.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 518,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 364,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7842.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeal of California, Fifth Appellate District, denied.


text:
    No. 11-6214.
    Daniel Lee Maxson, II, Petitioner v. Jeffrey Woods, Warden.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 518,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 364,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7866.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6235.
    Jose Bermudez, Petitioner v. James Conway, Superintendent, Attica Correctional Facility, et al.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 519,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 365,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7835.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6236.
    Antonio Blanchard, Petitioner v. Illinois.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 519,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 365,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7818.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Appellate Court of Illinois, First District, denied.

Same case below, 405 Ill. App. 3d 1195, 375 Ill. Dec. 696, 997 N.E.2d 1007.


text:
    No. 11-6238.
    Stephen Richards Barker, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 519,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 365,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7763,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6243.
    Daniel W. Dumont, Petitioner v. Morgan Stanley & Co., et al.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 519,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 365,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7738.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6249.
    Richard Romero, Petitioner v. Stuart J. Ryan, Warden.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 519,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 365,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7848.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 441 Fed. Appx. 425.


text:
    No. 11-6259.
    Ronald Christmas, Petitioner v. Illinois.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 520,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 365,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7895,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Appellate Court of Illinois, First District, denied.

Same case below, 406 Ill. App. 3d 1206, 376 Ill. Dec. 172, 998 N.E.2d 714.


text:
    No. 11-6260.
    Roger Stevenson, Petitioner v. April Shoup, et al.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 520,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 365,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7851.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 421 Fed. Appx. 312.


text:
    No. 11-6267.
    Rossi Wade, Petitioner v. Walter Peterson.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 520,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 365,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7873.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 416 Fed. Appx. 354.


text:
    No. 11-6269.
    Randy Wilkins, Petitioner v. Ray Hobbs, Director, Arkansas Department of Correction.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 520,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 366,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7850.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Arkansas denied.

Same case below, 2011 Ark. 169.


text:
    No. 11-6274.
    Eddie Bigham, Petitioner v. Kenneth S. Tucker, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 543,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 366,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7898.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Florida denied.

Same case below, 63 So. 3d 748.


text:
    No. 11-6275.
    Michael Allen, Petitioner v. Kenneth S. Tucker, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 544,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 366,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7861.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6279.
    Linart Randolph, Petitioner v. McKither Bodison, Warden.
    565 U.S. 987, 132 S. Ct. 520,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 366,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7881,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 431 Fed. Appx. 227.


text:
    No. 11-6284.
    Leonard J. Porto, III, Petitioner v. City of Laguna Beach, California, et al.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 521,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 366,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7712.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 422 Fed. Appx. 594.


text:
    No. 11-6296.
    Claudio Occhione, Petitioner v. J. Randolph Babbitt, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 521,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 366,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7771.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 434 Fed. Appx. 255.


text:
    No. 11-6312.
    Mary Amerson, Petitioner v. City of Des Moines, Iowa.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 521,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 366,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7844.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Iowa denied.

Same case below, 801 N.W.2d 32.


text:
    No. 11-6326.
    Henry Davis, Petitioner v. Blaine Lafler, Warden.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 522,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 366,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7756.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6327.
    Terrell Dubois, Petitioner v. Maine.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 522,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 367,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7875.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Judicial Court of Maine denied.


text:
    No. 11-6328.
    Bruce Cunningham, Petitioner v. Kenneth S. Tucker, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 522,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 367,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7815.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6331.
    William Cecil Thornton, Petitioner v. California.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 522,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 367,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7836.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeal of California, Fourth Appellate District, Division One, denied.


text:
    No. 11-6340.
    Matthew Skamfer, Petitioner v. William Pollard, Warden.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 523,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 367,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7917.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6342.
    Devino Patera Putney, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 523,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 367,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7717.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 377 Fed. Appx. 302.


text:
    No. 11-6348.
    Lawrence Williams, Petitioner v. Wisconsin.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 523,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 367,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7839.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals of Wisconsin, District I, denied.

Same case below, 332 Wis. 2d 805, 798 N.W.2d 320.


text:
    No. 11-6361.
    Rex I. Hatfield, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 523,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 367,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7774.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit denied.

Same case below, 423 Fed. Appx. 648.


text:
    No. 11-6363.
    Jamar Dewayne Greer, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 523,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 367,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7811.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 418 Fed. Appx. 608.


text:
    No. 11-6373.
    Damon Hudson, Petitioner v. Blaine Lafler, Warden.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 524,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 368,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7822,
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 421 Fed. Appx. 619.


text:
    No. 11-6381.
    Elizabeth Webster, Petitioner v. Eric K. Shinseki, Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
    565 U.S. 988, 132 S. Ct. 524,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 368,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7879.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit denied.

Same case below, 428 Fed. Appx. 976.


text:
    No. 11-6382.
    Christopher Eugene Brown, Petitioner v. Georgia.
    565 U.S. 989, 132 S. Ct. 524,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 368,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7832.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the Supreme Court of Georgia denied.

Same case below, 289 Ga. 259, 710 S.E.2d 751.


text:
    No. 11-6388.
    Jamin Mazyck, Petitioner v. Robert M. Stevenson, Warden.
    565 U.S. 989, 132 S. Ct. 524,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 368,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7760.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit denied.

Same case below, 431 Fed. Appx. 225.


text:
    No. 11-6396.
    Edward Goodman, Petitioner v. John Kerestes, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Mahanoy.
    565 U.S. 989, 132 S. Ct. 524,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 368,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7840.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6398.
    Darrell J. Harper, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 989, 132 S. Ct. 524,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 368,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7723.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6407.
    Dennis Horton, Petitioner v. John C. Thomas, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Chester, et al.
    565 U.S. 989, 132 S. Ct. 525,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 368,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7893.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6416.
    Ruben Lee Russell El-Amin, Petitioner v. United States.
    565 U.S. 989, 132 S. Ct. 525,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 368,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7903.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6418.
    Abraham Yaacov, Petitioner v. Terry Tibbals, Warden.
    565 U.S. 989, 132 S. Ct. 525,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 369,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7874.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6419.
    Joseph Vargas, Petitioner v. Terry Gonzalez, Acting Warden.
    565 U.S. 989, 132 S. Ct. 525,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 369,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7737.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6429.
    Edward T. Collier, Petitioner v. Kenneth S. Tucker, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al.
    565 U.S. 989, 132 S. Ct. 525,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 369,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7860.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit denied.


text:
    No. 11-6458.
    Wade Robertson, Petitioner v. William C. Cartinhour, Jr.
    565 U.S. 989, 132 S. Ct. 526,
    181 L. Ed. 2d 369,
    2011 U.S. LEXIS 7773.
    October 31, 2011.
   Petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit denied.

Same case below, 429 Fed. Appx. 1.