text:
    No. 97-1607.
    Dixon v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


source: Caselaw Access Project

license: Public Domain

text:
    No. 97-1611.
    Cousino v. Elliott, Personal Representative of the Estate of Cousino, Deceased, et al.
   Ct. App. Mich. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7677.
    Wilson v. Rogers, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7762.
    Lomax v. City of Joplin, Missouri, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7822.
    Narron v. Vance et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7856.
    Franqui v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7857.
    Franqui v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8011.
    Bradford v. Cambra, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8015.
    McDonald v. Nevada.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8027.
    Sayman v. Nussbaum et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8028.
    McBride v. Texas.
   Ct. App. Tex., 3d Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8030.
    Sidden v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8034.
    Redd v. Marshall, Warden.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8036.
    Mark v. Evans, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8037.
    Nichols v. Holt, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8043.
    Hughes v. South Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. S. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8048.
    Hoffman v. Dal Bello.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8056.
    Jordan v. Rouse et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8059.
    Sather v. Washington.
   Ct. App. Wash. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8061.
    Alls v. Questcare, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8067.
    Charles v. Cain, Warden.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8071.
    Abidekun v. Commissioner of Social Services of the City of New York et al.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 2d Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8075.
    Denard v. Terhune, Director, California Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8082.
    Baruch v. Smith, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8084.
    Mikko v. Pitcher, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8087.
    Dove v. Davis, Chairman, Maryland Parole Commission, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8090.
    Angel v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8102.
    Branch v. Minnesota et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8107.
    Madej v. Illinois.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8129.
    Millson v. New York.
   Ct. App. N. Y. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8144.
    Volkova v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8151.
    Tellier v. Petrillo et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8177.
    Stokes v. Mississippi.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8187.
    Travis-Barker v. U. S. Bank of Washington.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8192.
    Martinez v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8194.
    Mendoza v. SSC&B Lintas, New York.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8196.
    Jones v. Mississippi.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8239.
    Englert v. United States.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8242.
    Fort v. Howes et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8272.
    Carter v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8280.
    Nelson v. Corbett et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8287.
    Ceminchuk v. Cohen, Secretary of Defense, et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8311.
    Richardson v. South Carolina.
   Ct. App. S. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8312.
    Bray v. West, Secretary of the Army.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8318.
    Tatlis v. Duncan, Warden.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8321.
    Orsini v. Arkansas.
   Sup. Ct. Ark. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8323.
    Landers v. Kansas.
   Ct. App. Kan. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8359.
    Aladekoba et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8360.
    Delgado v. Barreras, Warden.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8365.
    Evans v. Dalton, Secretary of the Navy, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8378.
    Rhoden v. Sundquist, Governor of Tennessee, et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8393.
    Brewer v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8406.
    Williams v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8414.
    Owens v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8418.
    Smith v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8419.
    No. 97-8532.
    Pastrano v. United States; and Mendiola v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: No. 97-8419, 129 F. 3d 611; No. 97-8532, 129 F. 3d 611 and 612.


text:
    No. 97-8421.
    Castro v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8422.
    Belhomme v. Widnall, Secretary of the Air Force.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8430.
    McCord v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8433.
    Cooper v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8436.
    Hardwell v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8438.
    Davenport v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8439.
    Damm v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8440.
    Finck v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8441.
    Hardeman v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8443.
    Hebert v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8445.
    Gangler v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8448.
    McCowan v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8449.
    Maass v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8454.
    Lacy v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8459.
    Sallas v. United States.
   C, A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8474.
    Reed v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8481.
    Atkins v. United States.
   C. A 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8483.
    Wynn v. United States.
   Ct. App. D. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8487.
    Queen v. United States.
   C. A 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8488.
    Mallett v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8491.
    Latouf v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8502.
    Gutierrez v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8504.

    Harris v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8505.
    Goode v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8508.
    Henderson v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8510.
    Self v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8512.
    Benitez v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8516.
    Enigwe v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8523.
    Sligh v. Runyon, Postmaster General.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8529.
    Nwaneri v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8538.
    Okoro v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8543.
    Udell v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8545.
    Ahmad v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8548.
    Hill v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8549.
    Graves v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1403.
    Manor et ux. v. Nestle Food Co.

   Sup. Ct. Wash. Certiorari denied.

Justice O’Connor took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 97-1414.
    Calderon, Warden v. McDowell.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma puperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1448.
    Ratelle, Warden, et al. v. Farmer.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8042.
    Dias v. Bogins.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Souter took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 97-1107.
    No. 97-1143.
    No. 97-1186.
    No. 97-6691.
    No. 97-6836.
    No. 97-6980.
    No. 97-7009.
    No. 97-7013.
    No. 97-7339.
    No. 97-7399.
    No. 97-7426.
    No. 97-7684.
    No. 97-7686.
    Laughlin et al. v. Perot et al., In re Richardson, Mizell v. United States, One Juvenile Male v. United States, Wee et ux. v. Andrews et al., Young v. United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, Johnson v. Vaughn, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Graterford, et al., Morris v. Bell, Warden, Lawrence v. Evans, Warden, White v. Sheesley, White v. Tate, Warden, Adams v. United States, Lowery v. United States,
   522 U. S. 1148;

522 U. S. 1118;

ante, p. 1005;

ante, p. 1007;

ante, p. 1007;

522 U. S. 1121;

522 U. S. 1122;

522. U. S.. 1149;

ante, p. 1007;

ante, p. 1009;

ante, p. 1009;

522 U.S. 1152; and

522 U. S. 1152. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    April 28, 1998
    No. A-801.
    McFarland v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   Application for certificate of probable cause and stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Scalia, and by him referred to the Court, denied.

Justice Stevens and Justice Ginsburg would grant the application for stay of execution.


text:
    No. 97-8397 (A-733).
    McFarland v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Scalia, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.

Justice Stevens and Justice Ginsburg would grant the application for stay of execution.


text:
    May 4, 1998
    No. D-1945.
    In re Disbarment of Sanborn.
   Thomas Herbert Sanborn, of Amherst, Ohio, is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1946.
    In re Disbarment of Blumenthal.
   Howard Earl Blumenthal, of Marina Del Rey, Cal., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days,, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1947.
    In re Disbarment of Krupa.
   Stanley Michael Krupa, of Middletown, Conn., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1948.
    In re Disbarment of Perlman.
   David H. Perlman, of Brooklyn, N. Y., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1949.
    In re Disbarment of Meyer.
   Stanley Marvin Meyer, of Merrick, N. Y., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1950.
    In re Disbarment of Boxer.
   Jeffrey Y. Boxer, of Wellesley, Mass., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. M-23.
    In re Doe.
   Further consideration of motion to unseal the petition for writ of certiorari lodged under seal deferred. [For earlier order herein, see 522 U. S. 946.]


text:
    No. M-67.
    No. M-68.
    No. M-69.
    No. M-70.
    Bruce v. United States; Farrakhan et al. v. N. Y. P. Holdings et al.; Greenberg v. Gordon et al.; and Engels v. Waldrup et al.
   Motions to direct the Clerk to file petitions for writs of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. 97-7385.
    No. 97-7386.
    No. 97-7387.
    No. 97-7388.
    In re Cooper; In re Cooper; In re Cooper; and In re Cooper.
   Motions of petitioner for reconsideration of order denying leave to proceed in forma pauperis [ante, p. 1018] denied.


text:
    No. 97-7647.
    No. 97-8195.
    In re Litzenberg; and In re Litzenberg.
   Motions of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied. See this Court’s Rule 39.8. Petitioner is allowed until May 26, 1998, within which to pay the docketing fees required by Rule 38(a) and to submit petitions in compliance with Rule 33.1 of the Rules of this Court.


text:
    No. 97-8257.
    No. 97-8618.
    In re Johnson; and In re Green.
   Petitions for writs of habeas corpus denied.


text:
    No. 97-8541.
    In re Verbeck.
   Petition for writ of mandamus and/or prohibition denied.


text:
    No. 97-1230.
    City of West Covina v. Perkins et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of Sixty-seven Cities, Counties, and Towns Within California for leave to file a brief as amici curiae granted. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 97-1418.
    Bank of America National Trust and Savings Assn. v. 203 North LaSalle Street Partnership.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Motions of American College of Real Estate Lawyers, American Council of Life Insurance, and American Bankers Association et ai. for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 97-315.
    Manges et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1181.
    Parker et al. v. Wakelin et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1236.
    Patterson v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters, Local 959.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1249.
    Road Sprinkler Fitters Local Union No. 669, United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada, AFL-CIO v. “Automatic” Sprinkler Corporation of America et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1265.
    Murphy et al. v. Sofamor Danek Group, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1271.
    Viswanathan v. Fayetteville State University Board of Trustees et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1397.
    Derzack et vir v. Allegheny County Children and Youth Services.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1411.
    North Texas Steel Co., Inc. v. R. R. Donnelley & Sons Co.
   Ct. App. Ind. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1417.
    Altai, Inc. v. Computer Associates International, Inc.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1425.
    Roberts v. Unidynamics Corp. et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1426.
    Crawford & Co. v. Sonnier.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1430.
    Scandinavian Health Spa, Inc. v. Franklin.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1431.
    Lindsay, Executor of the Estate of Sosa, Deceased v. Jefferson County et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1433.
    UIS, Inc. v. Interkal, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1445.
    Rolleston v. Cherry, Executor of the Estate of Sims, Deceased.
   Ct. App. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1446.
    Baeza et al. v. NACCO Industries, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1452.
    Freedom Communications, Inc., dba The Monitor v. Mancias, Judge, 93rd Judicial District Court of Hidalgo County, Texas, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1510.
    Skuratowicz v. Tracy, Tax Commissioner of Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1522.
    Schneider v. Celestino et vir.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Lucas County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1545.
    Rheams v. Marquette University et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1554.
    Snyder v. DeWoskin, Trustee.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1563.
    Luem v. Billetter.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1571.
    Rosman et al. v. Gulf Industries, Inc., et al.
   Ct. App. La., 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1576.
    Achusi v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1614.
    Jamieson et ux. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1628.
    Coolman v. United States et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1629.
    Cox et al. v. United States et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1637.
    Santucci v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-5586.
    Lewis v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-6494.
    Gillard v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7727.
    Venegas v. Henman, Warden.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8074.
    Elmore v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8098.
    Parks v. United States District Court for the Southern District of Indiana.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8110.
    Maciel v. Terhune, Director, California Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8112.
    Evans v. Hartwig, Warden.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8113.
    Evans, aka Evans-Bey v. Washington, Director, Illinois Department of Corrections.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8116.
    Cunningham v. Wood, Superintendent, Washington State Penitentiary.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8118.
    Poullard v. Louisiana.
   Sup. Ct. La. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8123.
    Walkoviak v. District Court of Texas, Harris County.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8126.
    Quintero v. Lee, Warden.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8131.
    Lindsey v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8132.
    Foley v. Brummett et al.
   Ct. App. Ky. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8133.
    Warren v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8134.
    Gornick v. Page, Warden.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8136.
    Anderson v. Prelesnick.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8140.
    Williams v. Anderson, Warden, et al.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Richland County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8141.
    Cuthbert v. District Court of Appeal of Florida, Fifth District, et al.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8148.
    Consalvo v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8152.
    Hutchins v. Georgia Department of Corrections et al.
   Ct. App. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8161.
    Esposito v. New York.
   App. Term, Sup. Ct. N. Y., 9th and 10th Jud. Dists. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8165.
    Fink v. Buena Park Police Department et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8166.
    Shaughnessy v. School Administrative Unit No. 30.
   Sup. Ct. N. H. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8172.
    O’Hare v. Goss et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8173.
    Barrier v. Johnson et al.; and Barrier v. Marin General Hospital et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8213.
    Beitzel v. Lazaroff, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8224.
    Anderson v. Edwards, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8252.
    Hunter v. Bowersox, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8308.
    Perry v. Internal Revenue Service et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8348.
    Simons v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8362.
    J. G. v. Department of Children and Family Services.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 4th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8370.
    Sharp v. Lock, Superintendent, Central Missouri Correctional Center, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8372.
    Harris v. Norris, Director, Arkansas Department of Correction.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8379.
    Carter v. Curran, Attorney General of Maryland, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8384.
    Scales v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8395.
    Lucero v. Kerby.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8432.
    Lewis v. Immigration and Naturalization Service et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8437.
    Glover v. McCaughtry, Warden.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8442.
    Doss v. Mississippi.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8469.
    Nunez v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8492.
    Johnson v. Wyoming.
   Dist. Ct. Wyo., Laramie County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8503.
    Haase v. Connecticut.
   Sup. Ct. Conn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8506.
    Hamilton v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8517.
    Franklin v. United States.
   C. A. Armed Forces. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8524.
    Sasnett v. Endicott, Superintendent, Columbia Correctional Institution.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8553.
    Phillips v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8555.
    Zerebnick v. Beckwith Machinery Co.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8557.
    Bolden v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8567.
    Anderson v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8569.
    Bryan v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8575.
    Tinker v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8582.
    Wronko v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8585.
    Crompton v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8587.
    Sancho v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8589.
    Roberson v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8590.
    Stokes v. United States.
   G. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8591.
    Palmer v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8594.
    Swint v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8595.
    Pizza v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8596.
    Salazar v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8598.
    Miglio v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8600.
    No. 97-8603.
    Key v. United States; and Jarrett v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 133 F. 3d 519.


text:
    No. 97-8612.
    Tamez v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8613.
    Adesida v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-49.
    Portland General Electric Co. v. Columbia Steel Casting Co., Inc.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of Edison Electric Institute for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Motion of National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1127.
    No. 97-1198.
    No. 97-6862.
    No. 97-7025.
    No. 97-7114.
    No. 97-7434.
    No. 97-7520.
    No. 97-7626.
    No. 97-7748.
    No. 97-7809.
    Hotchkiss v. Supreme Court of the United States et al., Moore v. City of Westminster et al., In re Rowe, Gilmour v. Rogerson, Warden, et al., Dixon v. Marion Police Department et al., In re Pearson, Al-Amin v. Seiter, Warden, Washington v. Diesslin, Western Regional Director, Colorado Department of Corrections, et al., Griffin v. Charlotte Memorial Hospital and Medical Center et al., Hartsell et al. v. United States,
   522 U. S. 1149;

ante, p. 1006;

522 U. S. 1106;

522 U. S. 1122;

522 U. S. 1125;

ante, p. 1003;

ante, p. 1026;

ante, p. 1029;

ante, p. 1030; and

ante, p. 1030. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    May 13, 1998
    No. 97-1657.
    Continental Micronesia, Inc. v. National Mediation Board et al.
   C. A.. 9th Cir. Certiorari dismissed under this Court’s Rule 46.1.


text:
    May 14, 1998
    No. 97-8689 (A-817).
    Muniz v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Scalia, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.

Justice Stevens and Justice Ginsburg would grant the application for stay of execution.


text:
    May 15, 1998
    No. 97-288.
    Lewis et vir, Individually, as Parents, as Next Friends, and as Administrators of the Estate of Lewis, Deceased v. Brunswick Corp.
   C. A. 11th Cir. [Certiorari granted, 522 U. S. 978. ] Writ of certiorari dismissed under this Court’s Rule 46.1.


text:
    May 18, 1998
    No. D-1846.
    In re Disbarment of Jackson.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 521 U. S. 1148.]


text:
    No. D-1872.
    In re Disbarment of Manns.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 522 U. S. 979.]


text:
    No. D-1911.
    In re Disbarment of Houston.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 522 U. S. 1104.]


text:
    No. D-1912.
    In re Disbarment of Gupton.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 522 U. S. 1104.]


text:
    No. D-1915.
    In re Disbarment of Speers.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 522 U. S. 1104.]


text:
    No. D-1918.
    In re Disbarment of Bouldin.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 522 U. S. 1145.]


text:
    No. D-1951.
    In re Disbarment of Breeze.
   Robert A. Breeze, of San Diego, Cal., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1952.
    In re Disbarment of Stewart.
   Hudson Cary Stewart, of Los Angeles, Cal., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1953.
    In re Disbarment of Chittim.
   Clayton A. Chittim, Jr., of Grandview, Mo., is suspended from the .practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1954.
    In re Disbarment of Williams.
   Ricky Edwin Williams, of Tampa, Fla., is suspended from the' practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. M-65.
    No. M-71.
    Anti-Monopoly, Inc. v. Hasbro, Inc.; and In re Doe.
   Motions for leave to file petitions for writs of certiorari under seal denied.


text:
    No. M-72.
    Marshall v. Federal Express.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file petition for writ of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. 96-1693.
    Hopkins, Warden v. Reeves.
   C. A. 8th Cir. [Certiorari granted, 521 U. S. 1151.] Motion of respondent for leave to file a supplemental brief after argument granted.


text:
    No. 96-8732.
    Edwards et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. [Certiorari granted, 522 U. S. 931.] Motion of petitioner Joseph Tidwell to reconsider order denying certiorari on Question 2 [522 U. S. 931] denied.


text:
    No. 97-918.
    Lovilia Coal Co. et al. v. Harvey et al.,
   ante, p. 1059. Motion of respondent Harvey for attorney’s fees denied without prejudice to refiling in the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit. Motion of petitioners to defer consideration of motion for attorney’s fees denied.


text:
    No. 97-930.
    Buckley, Secretary of State of Colorado v. American Constitutional Law Foundation, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. [Certiorari granted, 522 U.S. 1107.] Motion of Council of State Governments et al. for leave to file a brief as amici curiae granted.


text:
    No. 97-1121.
    City of Chicago v. Morales et al.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. [Certiorari granted, ante, p. 1071.] Motion of petitioner to dispense with printing the joint appendix granted.


text:
    No. 97-1485.
    Coates, Director, Massachusetts Division of Marine Fisheries, et al. v. Strahan.

   C. A. 1st Cir. The Solicitor General is invited to file a brief in this case expressing the views of the United States.


text:
    No. 97-7615.
    Whitfield v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Motion of petitioner for reconsideration of order denying leave to proceed informa pauperis [ante, p. 1044] denied.


text:
    No. 97-8309.
    Martinez et al. v. Dobra (two judgments).
   C. A. 6th Cir. Motions of petitioners for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied. See this Court's Rule 39.8. Petitioners are allowed until June 8, 1998, within which to pay the docketing fee required by Rule 38(a) and to submit a petition in compliance with Rule 33.1 of the Rules of this Court.


text:
    No. 97-8186.
    No. 97-8667.
    No. 97-8727.
    No. 97-8735.
    No. 97-8736.
    No. 97-8747.

    In re Stein; In re Sanders; In re Chesteen; In re Flynn; In re Gibson; and In re Price.
   Petitions for writs of habeas corpus denied.


text:
    No. 97-8270.
    No. 97-8304.
    No. 97-8330.
    No. 97-8581.
    No. 97-8614.
    In re Adams; In re Williams Lewis; In re Richards; In re Keeper; and In re Bailey.
   Petitions for writs of mandamus denied.


text:
    No. 97-8237.
    In re Hughley.
   Petition for writ of prohibition denied.


text:
    No. 96-1793.
    Cedar Rapids Community School District v. Garret F., a Minor, by His Mother and Next Friend, Charlene F.
   C. A. 8th. Cir. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 97-1536.
    Arizona Department of Revenue v. Blaze Construction Co., Inc.
   Ct. App. Ariz. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 97-475.
    El Al Israel Airlines, Ltd. v. Tsui Yuan Tseng.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Motions of International Air Transport Association and Air Transport Association of America for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Certiorari granted limited to Question 1 presented by the petition.


text:
    No. 96-1963.
    McKenney et al. v. Williams, Deceased, by Williams.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-740.
    Schwalbe et al. v. Walker.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1145.
    Connick v. United States, on Behalf of the Assassination Records Review Board.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1195.
    Aerospace Corp. v. Campbell.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1248.
    Callaway County Ambulance District v. Peeper.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1267.
    Professional Pilots Federation et al. v. Federal Aviation Administration.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1275.
    Alvord v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1280.
    Kawerak Reindeer Herders Assn. v. Williams et al.
   G. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1294.
    Chiaramonte v. Fashion Bed Group, Inc.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1310.
    Cutcliffe et al. v. Jenne, Sheriff, Broward County, Florida.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1317.
    West Bend Co. v. Sunbeam Products, Inc.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1368.
    Avant! Corp. et al. v. Cadence Design Systems, Inc.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1376.
    City of Florence et al. v. Chipman, Administrator of the Estate of Black, Deceased, et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1378.
    South Dakota et al. v. SDDS, Inc.
   Sup. Ct. S. D. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1422.
    County of Thurston et al. v. Stabler et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1455.
    Bradford v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1456.
    Bok v. Mutual Assurance, Inc.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1458.
    Eastern Natural Gas Corp. et al. v. Aluminum Company of America.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1459.
    Lorillard, Inc. v. Horowitz et ux.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1468.
    Cameron et al. v. Anheuser-Busch, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1470.
    City of Columbus v. Jones et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1478.
    Korotki v. Attorney Services Corp. et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1479.
    Diaz, Personal Representative of the Estate of Diaz, and on Behalf of Diaz et al. v. CCHC-Golden Glades, Ltd., et al.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 3d Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1481.
    Liberty National Life Insurance Co. v. Day.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1483.
    Burnsides et al. v. MJ Optical, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1487.
    Plaisance Dragline & Dredging Co., Inc. v. Verdin.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1491.
    Estate of Braunstein et al. v. Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Inc. et al.
   App. Div., Sup, Ct. N. Y. 1st Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1495.
    Davenport v. Coady, Judge, District Court of Nebraska, Thayer County, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1496.
    Rawson v. Tosco Refining Co.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1501.
    Francisco Acosta v. Texas.
   Ct. App. Tex., 10th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1503.
    Midland Export, Ltd. v. Elkem Holding, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1508.
    Havner et ux., on Behalf of Their Minor Child, Havner, et al. v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., et al.
   Sup. Ct. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1516.
    Berg v. Shapiro et al.
   Ct. App. Colo. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1518.
    Youssef et ux. v. Morrison Entity et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1523.
    Mattei, Individually and as Executor of the Estate of Mattei, Deceased, et al. v. Mattei.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1526.
    Matsumoto et al. v. Gotcher et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1530.
    Brown v. Spectacor Management Group.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1533.
    McDuffie, dba D & M Contracting Co. v. First Union National Bank.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1534.
    Hunt v. Hawthorne Associates, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1537.
    Berg v. Dentists Insurance Co.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1539.
    Jackson v. Office of Disciplinary Counsel.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1540.
    Walker v. Michigan Public Service Commission et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1544.
    M. A. v. Colorado, in the Interest of K. A., a Child.
   Ct. App. Colo. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1546.
    Munkatchy v. Texas.
   Ct. App. Tex., 14th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1547.
    Johnson v. Illinois et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1548.
    Bavaro et al. v. Pataki, Individually and as Governor of New York, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1551.
    Russell v. Plano Bank & Trust.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1555.
    Arkansas Christian Educators Assn. et al. v. Ozarks Unlimited Resources Cooperative et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1556.
    Polis v. Weld et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1572.
    Dugas v. Clamont Energy Corp. et al. (two judgments).
   C. A. 5th. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1577.
    Brandt et al. v. Gygax Realtor et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1581.
    Alaska Center for the Environment et al. v. Armbrister, Director, Office of Planning and Program Development, Region 10, Federal Highway Administration, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1588.
    Kreuzer v. Brown.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1590.
    Joligard v. Findler et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1591.
    Damer v. State Bar of California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1597.
    Gamb v. Hilton Hotels Corp.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1601.
    Jones et al. v. United States et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1602.
    In re Bisbee.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1603.
    Total Foods et al. v. Alix.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1612.
    Woo v. Pennsylvania.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1613.
    Lewis v. Textron Automotive Interiors et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1617.
    Bayliss et al. v. City of Tulsa et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1622.
    Greene v. Citibank, N. A., et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1644.
    Hashimoto v. Dalton, Secretary of the Navy.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1648.
    Derbigny v. Glickman, Secretary of Agriculture.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1653.
    Alvarez et al. v. Dade County, Florida.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1654.
    Weissman v. Cohn, Lifland, Perlman, Hermann & Knopf et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1655.
    Guillory v. Revis et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1659.
    Hawkins v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1670.
    Hastings v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1673.
    Walters v. Metzger et al.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1675.
    Sommers v. McKinney et al.
   Super. Ct. N. J., App. Div. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1676.
    Salvo v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1678.
    Rahman, aka Grant v. Maryland.
   Ct. Sp. App. Md. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1707.
    Bradstreet v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1713.
    Rummel v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1716.
    Russell v. United States.
   C. A. Armed Forces. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1722.
    Compuware Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board.
   C. A. 6th. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1727.
    Biscoe v. United States.
   C. A. Armed Forces. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1736.
    Flibotte v. Pennsylvania Truck Lines, Inc.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-6032.
    Washington v. Pennsylvania.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7395.
    Powell v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7404.
    Brown v. Pennsylvania.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7782.
    Antonio Jimenez v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7817.
    Pratt v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7821.
    Hutchins v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7946.
    Viray v. Beneficial California, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7959.
    Lewis v. Keane, Superintendent, Sing Sing Correctional Facility.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8150.
    Byers v. Minnesota.
   Sup. Ct. Minn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8174.
    Collins v. Pennsylvania.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8178.
    Amrine v. Bowersox, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8180.
    Reynolds v. Pennsylvania.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8181.
    Parker v. Ward, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8182.
    Simon v. Colorado Compensation Insurance Authority et al.
   Sup. Ct. Colo. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8183.
    Shabazz v. Oklahoma.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8184.
    Rogers v. Finesilver et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8198.
    West v. Southwestern Bell Telephone Co.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8203.
    Morgan v. Rabun et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8210.
    Turner v. Champion, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8211.
    Vaughn v. Thompson et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8212.
    Smith v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8216.
    Mullen v. Cooper, Warden.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8218.
    Johnson v. Oklahoma.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8220.
    Terrall v. City of Reno, Nevada, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8223.
    Beasley v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8225.
    Boddie v. Gianger et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8228.
    Frescas v. Loral Vought Systems Corp.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8236.
    Dumas v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8244.
    Gaerttner v. Love et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8245.
    Foreman v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 4th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8246.
    Rothman v. University of Massachusetts Medical Center.
   Sup. Jud. Ct. Mass. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8248.
    Stephen v. United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8250.
    Longcrier v. Layton City, Utah.
   Ct. App. Utah. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8254.
    Wolde-Giorgis v. Delecki et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8255.
    Tunstall v. Somerville et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8256.
    Smith v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8262.
    Glover v. Cain, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8265.
    Cunningham v. Woods, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8266.
    Aziz v. Schriro, Director, Missouri Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8268.
    Jeffress v. Johnston et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8269.
    Clark v. St. Paul Police Department, Sued as City of St. Paul Police.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8274.
    Mahdavi v. One Hundred State, County, and City Officials et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8275.
    Nicholas v. Miller et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8278.
    Tesoro v. Colorado.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8281.
    Miller v. Hugl et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8286.
    Singleton v. Matthews et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8288.
    Billemeyer v. Missouri et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8289.
    Harris v. Taylor et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8298.
    Lynch v. Office of the Mayor of New York.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8299.
    Labankoff et al. v. United States Bankruptcy Court et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8302.
    Lambrix et al. v. Singletary, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8303.
    Jorgenson v. Ratelle, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8306.
    Porter v. Idaho.
   Sup. Ct. Idaho. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8307.
    Righter v. Delaware.
   Sup. Ct. Del. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8315.
    Saavedra v. Thomas, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8316.
    Kendrick v. Angelone, Director, Virginia Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8317.
    Johnson v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8320.
    Ponce-Bran v. Sacramento Natural Foods Cooperative, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8324.
    Wainwright v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8329.
    Roberts v. Champion, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8335.
    Crase v. Huskey, Warden.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8340.
    Johnson v. Martin et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8343.
    Arvie v. McHugh et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8352.
    Ruff v. Federal Express Corp. et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8353.
    McFarlin v. Trent, Warden.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8356.
    Villegas Lopez v. Arizona.
   Super. Ct. Ariz., Maricopa County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8368.
    Clark v. Kentucky.
   Sup, Ct. Ky. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8385.
    Raulerson v. Georgia.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8408.
    Thompson v. New Jersey.
   Super. Ct. N. J., App. Div. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8423.
    Todd v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8424.
    Wilkerson v. Prunty, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8450.
    Meyers v. Clinton, President of the United States, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8451.
    Price v. Barreras, Warden.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8455.
    Levy v. Fairfax County, Virginia.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8458.
    Clark v. Synstelien.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8472.
    Johnson v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8475.
    Salinas Brito v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8477.
    Paz-Delgado v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8484.
    Traina v. Nixon, Attorney General of Missouri, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8494.
    Wexler v. City of Phoenix, Arizona.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8501.
    Dumers v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8513.
    Banks v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8519.
    Dixon v. Stewart, Director, Arizona Department of Correction, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8521.
    Frazier v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8526.
    Wood v. Cook, Director, Oregon Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8530.
    Laessig v. Vaughn, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Graterford, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8531.
    Johnson v. Hill, Warden.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8544.
    Viray v. Steuer.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8550.
    Foster v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8560.
    Tolbert v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8566.
    Coombs v. Maine.
   Sup. Jud. Ct. Me. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8568.
    Brown v. Anderson, Superintendent, Mississippi State Penitentiary.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8583.
    Anderson v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8584.
    Anderson v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8588.
    Szloboda v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8599.
    Lawrence v. Parke, Superintendent, Indiana State Prison, et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8601.
    Loeun v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8609.
    Garcia Trevino v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8615.
    Blodgett v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8621.
    No. 97-8645.
    Benaventa Gamez v. United States; and Antonio Davila v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 129 P. 3d 611 and 612.


text:
    No. 97-8622.
    Davis v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8623.
    Decator v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8628.
    No. 97-8651.
    Young v. United States; and Young v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied. Reported below: 134 P. 3d 365.


text:
    No. 97-8640.
    Bobtail Bear v. United States.
   C.' A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8643.
    Glass, aka Bellecourt v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8650.
    Wulff v. Office of Personnel Management.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8653.
    Goodwin v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8657.
    Thatsaphone v. Weber, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8661.
    Soto-Silva v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8663.
    Peden v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8664.
    Reese v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8671.
    Bunn v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8679.
    Florez v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8680.
    Heinsohn v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8682.
    Figueroa-Lopez, aka Lopez v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8684.
    Rothwell v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8687.
    Liporace v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8697.
    Leandre v. United States.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8699.
    Cunningham v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8704.
    Harms v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8705.
    Halpin v. Singletary, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8714.
    Lussier v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8716.
    McGhee v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8719.
    Espiritu Villegas v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8720.
    Brown v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8725.
    Berry v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8726.
    Cavanaugh v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8730.
    Turner, aka Branham v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8734.
    Sjogren v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8737.
    Dye v. Wisconsin.
   Ct. App. Wis. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8739.
    Dunn v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8743.
    Johns v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8748.
    Powers v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8749.
    Sablan v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8751.
    Vann v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8755.
    Anderson v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8756.
    Cabrera v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8765.
    Pirina Argueta v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8782.
    Cannon v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1262.
    Calderon, Warden v. Fields.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1441.
    Bell, Warden v. Groseclose.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1442.
    Bell, Warden v. Rickman.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1509.
    Stewart, Director, Arizona Department of Correction, et al. v. Carriger.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed informa pauperis granted. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1302.
    Colorado Compensation Insurance Authority et al. v. Simon et al.
   Sup. Ct. Colo. Motion of respondents for leave to proceed informa pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1320.
    Davis et al. v. City of Hollywood.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Motion of Donald J. Jaret for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1346.
    Cabral v. Healy Tibbits Builders, Inc.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of Southern California-Nevada Regional Council of Carpenters et al. and Inland Boatmen's Union of the Pacific, Columbia River Region, for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8193.
    McDonald v. Illinois.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certio-rari before judgment denied.


text:
    No. 97-9101 (A-865).
    Carter v. Bush, Governor of Texas, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Scalia, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari before judgment denied.


text:
    No. 96-9086.
    No. 97-969.
    No. 97-1171.
    No. 97-1200.
    No. 97-1222.
    No. 97-1260.
    Stouffer v. Oklahoma, In re Sai, Oddino v. Oddino et al., Wherry v. Iowa Supreme Court Board of Professional Ethics and Conduct, Phinney v. First American National Bank et al., Clements v. Babcock & Wilcox Co. et al., Stetler v. Sanders et al., Wright v. Mass Transit Administration, Buchbinder v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Delgado v. United States, Savage v. Michigan, Ward v. Ravenswood Village Nursing Home, Rudd v. Forrest et al., Pellegrino v. South Dakota et al., Teffeteller v. Grimes, Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Florida, et al., In re Patzlaff, Patzlaff v. E. Steeves Smith, P. C., Ventimiglia v. Watter et al., English v. Page, Warden, MacKenzie v. Owens et al., Ball v. United States, Patterson v. Merit Systems Protection Board, Spindle v. Tillery, Berkowitz v. State of Israel et al., Donovan v. Strack, Superintendent, Fishkill Correctional Facility, Hazel v. United States,
   522 U. S. 831;

ante, p. 1019;

ante, p. 1021;

ante, p. 1021;

ante, p. 1046;

ante, p. 1023;

No. 97-1282.

No. 97-1306.

No. 97-1339.

No. 97-5217.

No. 97-6420.

No. 97-6769.

No. 97-6797.

No. 97-7502.

No. 97-7515.

No. 97-7542.

No. 97-7543.

No. 97-7553.

No. 97-7613.

No. 97-7616.

No. 97-7699.

No. 97-7770.

No. 97-7775.

No. 97-7776.

No. 97-7909.

No. 97-8243.

ante, p. 1059;

ante, p. 1006;

ante, p. 1024;

522 U. S. 882;

522 U. S. 1054;

522 U. S. 1080;

ante, p. 1025;

522 U. S. 1138;

ante, p. 1026;

ante, p. 1019;

ante, p. 1027;

ante, p. 1027;

ante, p. 1028;

ante, p. 1029;

522 U. S. 1152;

ante, p. 1030;

ante, p. 1012;

ante, p. 1062;

ante, p. 1032; and

ante, p. 1066. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    No. 97-471.
    Kansas Public Employees Retirement System v. Blackwell, Sanders, Matheny, Weary & Lombardi et al.,
   522 U. S. 1068. Motion for leave to file petition for rehearing denied.


text:
    No. 97-8272 (A-864).
    Carter v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division,
   ante, p. 1099. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Scalia, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Petition for rehearing denied.


text:
    May 22, 1998
    No. 97-1296.
    Hall v. First Union National Bank of Florida et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari dismissed under -this Court's Rule 46.1.


text:
    May 26, 1998
    No. D-1639.
    In re Disbarment of Farrell.
   Motion 'to renew motion to váeate denied. [For earlier order herein, see, e. g., 519 U. S. 802.],


text:
    No. M-73.
    No. M-75.
    Moore v. Parke, Superintendent, Indiana State Prison; and King v. Bryant et al.
   Motions to direct the Clerk to file petitions for writs of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. M-74.
    Hampton v. Missouri.
   Motion for leave to. proceed informa pauperis without an affidavit of indigency executed by petitioner denied.


text:
    No. 97-826.
    No. 97-829.
    No. 97-830.
    No. 97-831.
    No. 97-1075.
    No. 97-1087.
    No. 97-1099.
    No. 97-1141.
    AT&T Corp. et al. v. Iowa Utilities Board et al.; and AT&T Corp. et al. v. California et al.; MCI Telecommunications Corp. v. Iowa Utilities Board et al.; and MCI Telecommunications Corp. v. California et al.; Association for Local Telecommunications Services et al. v. Iowa Utilities Board et al.; Federal Communications Commission et al. v. Iowa Utilities Board et al.; and Federal Communications Commission et al. v. California et al.; Ameritech Corp. et al. v. Federal Communications Commission et al.; GTE Midwest Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission et al.; U S WEST, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission et al.; and Southern New England Telephone Co. et al. v. Federal Communications Commission et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. [Certiorari granted, ante, p. 1089.] Motion of local exchange carriers regarding oral argument granted. Two hours are allotted for oral argument; the first hour is limited to the jurisdictional issue, and the second hour is limited to the nonjuris-dietional issues. Divided argument is granted with respect to the jurisdictional issue to be divided as follows: petitioners/cross-respondents, 30 minutes; state respondents/cross-petitioners, 15 minutes; private respondents/eross-petitioners, 15 minutes. Motion of respondent California for divided argument and for additional time for oral argument denied.

Justice O’Connor took no part in the consideration or decision of these motions.


text:
    No. 97-8325.
    In re Turner.
   Motion of petitioner for reconsideration of order denying leave to proceed in forma pauperis [ante, p. 1071] denied.


text:
    No. 97-8862.
    No. 97-8886.
    No. 97-8931.
    In re Bouie; In re Robinson; and In re Bell.
   Petitions for writs of habeas corpus denied.


text:
    No. 97-1472.
    Haddle v. Garrison et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 97-1322.
    Hoffman et al. v. Hunt, Governor of North Carolina, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1336.
    Charles v. Charles.
   Sup. Ct. Conn. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1340.
    United Automobile, Aerospace & Agricultural Implement Workers of America, AFL-CIO, CLC v. Performance Friction Corp. et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1344.
    No. 97-1582.
    Burgo v. General Dynamics Corp.; and General Dynamics Corp. v. Burgo.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 122 F. 3d 140.


text:
    No. 97-1354.
    Barnes v. Levitt, Chairman, Securities and Exchange Commission.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1371.
    Duffy v. Wolle et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1453.
    Kuiper et al. v. American Cyanamid Co.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1557.
    Plain v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1566.
    Deteresa v. American Broadcasting Cos., Inc., et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1568.
    Clynes et ux., as Parents and Next Friends of Clynes v. Ft. Zumwalt School District et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1570.
    Commissioner of Revenue of Massachusetts v. National Private Truck Council, Inc.
   Sup. Jud. Ct. Mass. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1573.
    Elisabeth H. et al. v. Connecticut Department of Children and Families et al.
   Sup. Ct. Conn. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1574.
    Contaminated Soil Consultants, Inc. v. Joseph Smith & Sons, Inc.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1586.
    Hufnagel v. Medical Board of California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1587.
    Krippene, Individually and as Executrix of the Estate of Krippene, Deceased v. Board of Commissioners of Chatham County, Georgia, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1589.
    Ernst & Young v. Commissioner of Insurance of Michigan.
   Ct. App. Mich. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1592.
    Colerain Hills Investment Co. v. Board of Revision of Hamilton County et al.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Hamilton County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1599.
    Golden v. City of Gulfport et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1600.
    Bayer v. Stanford University School of Medicine/Medical Center et al.
   Ct. App. Cal-., 6th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1609.
    Osei-Afriyie v. Ampofoh.
   Sup. Ct. Del. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1615.
    Propst, Individually and as Representative of the Estate of Chambers, Deceased v. Kingry et al.
   Ct. App. Tex., 12th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1619.
    Gangopadhyay v. Gangopadhyay.
   Cir. Ct. Raleigh County, W. Va. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1621.
    Halpern v. Bristol Board of Education.
   Sup. Ct. Conn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1624.
    McGraw v. Booth.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari


text:
    No. 97-1640.
    Hinchliffe et al. v. Prudential Home Mortgage Co., Inc.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1643.
    Phillips et al. v. City of Harvey et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1665.
    Kaimowitz v. City of Orlando.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1696.
    Berger et al. v. Cuomo, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1699.
    Travellers International AG v. Trans World Airlines, Inc.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1711.
    Darnell v. First Federal of Alabama et al.
   Ct. Civ. App. Ala. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1712.
    In re O’Regan.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1715.
    Bevard v. Farmers Insurance Exchange.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1725.
    Member Services Life Insurance Co., dba Member Service Administrators, as Third Party Administrator of the Liberty Glass Co. ERISA Qualified Employee Benefit Plan v. American National Bank & Trust Company of Sapulpa, Guardian, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1726.
    Criffield v. United States.
   C. A. Armed Forces. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1729.
    Titus et al. v. Guzzey.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 3d Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1753.
    Sanchez v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1770.
    Yen v. National Labor Relations Board et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7320.
    Thompson v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7948.
    Staton v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-7997.
    Smith-Stewart v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8016.
    Nobles v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8026.
    Ledesma Aguilar v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8341.
    Williams v. Moore, Director, South Carolina Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8345.
    Robertson v. Georgia.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8355.
    Jackson v. Singletary, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8357.
    Dolenc v. Sobina, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Somerset, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8358.
    Darden v. Alameda County Network of Mental Health Clients et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8367.
    Gooden v. Faulkner County Sheriff’s Department et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8371.
    Hozaifeh v. Texas.
   Ct. App. Tex., 14th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8373.
    Herrera v. Keating, Governor of Oklahoma, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8375.
    Garlick v. Gomez, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8380.
    Roche v. Montana.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8387.
    Clewis v. Texas.
   Ct. App. Tex., 14th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8398.
    Maalouf v. Bunker et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8402.
    Bernard v. New York City Health and Hospital Corp.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8405.
    Rodriguez Delgadillo v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8409.
    Wilson v. Stewart, Superintendent, McNeil Island Corrections Center.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8410.
    Boyce v. Woods, Attorney General of Arizona.
   Sup. Ct. Ariz. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8411.
    Bagley v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8420.
    Quarterman v. Quarterman.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8426.
    Jackson v. Ray.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8428.
    Ide v. Lehman, Secretary, Washington Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8429.
    Moran v. Moran, aka Braun, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8431.
    Mangrum v. Heilig-Meyers Furniture Co. et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8434.
    DeYoung v. Georgia.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8452.
    Davis v. Singletary, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8456.
    Hughes v. Anderson, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8457.
    Walton v. Joslin et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8463.
    Burgess v. South Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. S. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8482.
    Clermont v. Maryland.
   Ct. App. Md. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8485.
    Osunlana v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8552.
    Ashiegbu v. Siddens.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8554.
    Parker v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8565.
    Anderson v. Texas.
   Ct. App. Tex., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8576.
    West v. Keane, Superintendent, Sing Sing Correctional Facility, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8577.
    Brown v. Metro-North Commuter Railroad.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8579.
    Lateef v. Virginia Parole Board.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8637.
    Ruiz v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certio-raxi denied.


text:
    No. 97-8647.
    Hill v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8652.
    Allen v. Oregon.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8659.
    McQuown v. Safeway, Inc.
   Sup. Ct. Va. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8665.
    Rosado v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8692.
    McQuown v. Safeway, Inc.
   Sup. Ct. Va. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8693.
    No. 97-8766.
    Parker v. United States; and Parker v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied. Reported below: 133 F. 3d 322.


text:
    No. 97-8711.
    Rawles v. Herzog et al.
   Super. Ct. N. J., App. Div. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8713.
    Marks v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8722.
    Pineiro v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8723.
    Berry v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8728.
    Baker v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8732.
    Phillips v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8746.
    Linney v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8750.
    Wilson v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8761.
    Turner v. Virginia.
   Sup. Ct. Va. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8764.
    Buckley v. Borg, Warden.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8773.
    Ruotolo v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8777.
    Norwood v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8779.
    Mays v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8783.
    Anderson v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8784.
    Carbarcas-A v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8786.
    Wrubel v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8788.
    Perkins v. United States.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8789.
    Levine v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8791.
    Plath v. Moore, Director, South Carolina Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8796.
    Davis v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8797.
    Garcia v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8798.
    Duncan v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8807.
    Jones v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8808.
    Langley v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8814.
    Jenkins v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8815.
    Wallace v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8825.
    Marin-Castaneda v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8826.
    Lugman v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8827.
    Claiborne v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8831.
    Fuentes v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8832.
    Gutierrez-Alba, aka Cardona-Elias v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8833.
    Fajemirokun v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8835.
    Harper v. Corcoran, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8838.
    Carter v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8844.
    Alberto Munoz v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-8849.
    Shepherd v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1408.
    Florida v. Gonzalez.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1569.
    Calderon, Warden v. Bloom.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1562.
    Whitner v. South Carolina; and Crawley v. South Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. S. C. Motion of National Association of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Counselors et al. for leave to file a brief as amiei curiae granted. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 328 S. C. 1, 492 S. E. 2d 777 (first judgment).


text:
    No. 97-1579.
    Zenith/Kremer Waste Systems, Inc., et al. v. Western Lake Superior Sanitary District.
   Sup. Ct. Minn. Motions of Waste Management of Minnesota, Inc., National Solid Wastes Management Association, and BFI Waste Systems of North America, Inc., for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-1749 (A-717).
    Dedhia v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Application for stay, addressed to Justice Kennedy and referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 97-6954.
    No. 97-7474.
    No. 97-7493.
    No. 97-7512.
    No. 97-7611.
    No. 97-7675.
    No. 97-7877.
    No. 97-7896.
    Johnson v. Kalokathis, Novosad v. New Mexico Board of Pharmacy et al., Hall v. Shelby County Government et al., In re Alston, In re Follett, Thompson v. Nixon, Attorney General of Missouri, et al., Cargill v. Turpin, Warden, Ali-Bey v. Department of Justice et al., Murray v. University of Maryland Medical Systems, Cooper v. Prunty, Warden, et al., McQuown v. Safeway, Inc., Powell v. Department of the Air Force, In re Flowers,
   522 U. S. 1121;

ante, p. 1025;

522 U. S. 1026;

ante, p. 1019;

522 U. S. 1106;

ante, p. 1050;

ante, p. 1080;

ante, p. 1052;

No. 97-7901.

No. 97-7968.

No. 97-8130.

No. 97-8185.

No. 97-8500.

ante, p. 1081;

ante, p. 1052;

ante, p. 1064;

ante, p. 1084; and

ante, p. 1071. Petitions for rehearing denied.


author: Justice Ginsburg

text:
    UNITED STATES v. CABRALES
    No. 97-643.
    Argued April 29, 1998
    Decided June 1, 1998

      Ginsburg, J., delivered the opinion for a unanimous Court.

      Malcolm L. Stewart argued the cause for the United States. With him on the briefs were Solicitor General Waxman, Acting Assistant Attorney General Keeney, Deputy Solicitor General Dreeben, and Daniel S. Goodman.

      John W. Rogers, by appointment of the Court, 522 U. S. 1106, argued the cause and filed a brief for respondent.

         Steven Wisotsky and Lisa B. Kemler filed a brief for the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers as amicus curiae urging affirmance.

   Justice Ginsburg

delivered the opinion of the Court.

This case presents a question of venue, specifically, the place appropriate for trial on charges of money laundering in violation of 18 U. S. C. § 1956(a) (1) (B) (ii) (conducting a financial transaction to avoid a transaction-reporting requirement) and §1957 (engaging in a monetary transaction in criminally derived property of a value greater than $10,000). The laundering alleged in the indictment occurred entirely in Florida. The currency purportedly laundered derived from the unlawful distribution of cocaine in Missouri. The defendant, respondent 'Vickie S. Cabrales, is not alleged to have transported funds from Missouri to Florida. Nor is she charged, in the counts before us, with participation in the Missouri cocaine distribution that generated the funds in question. In accord with the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, we hold that Missouri is not a proper place for trial of the money-laundering offenses at issue.

I

In a three-count indictment returned in the United States District Court for the Western District of Missouri, Ca-brales, as sole defendant, was charged with the following offenses: conspiracy to avoid a transaction-reporting requirement, in violation of 18 U. S. C. §§ 371, 1956(a)(1)(B)(ii) (Count I); conducting a financial transaction to avoid a transaction-reporting requirement, in violation of §1956 (a)(l)(B)(ii) (Count II); and engaging in a monetary transaction in criminally derived property of a value greater than $10,000, in violation of § 1957 (Count III). The indictment alleged that, in January 1991, Cabrales deposited $40,000 with the AmSouth Bank of Florida and, within a week’s span, made four separate withdrawals of $9,500 each from that bank. The money deposited and withdrawn was traceable to illegal sales of cocaine in Missouri.

Cabrales moved to dismiss the indictment in its entirety for improper venue. On recommendation of the Magistrate, the District Court denied the motion as to Count I, the conspiracy count, based on the Government’s assertions that Ca-brales “was present in Missouri during the conspiracy, lived with a conspirator in Missouri, and participated in various activities in Missouri in furtherance of the conspiracy.” App. to Pet. for Cert. 11a, 14a-15a. Also on the Magistrate’s recommendation, the District Court granted the motion to dismiss Counts II and III, the money-laundering counts, because the deposit and withdrawals occurred in Florida and “[n]o activity of money laundering... occurred in Missouri.” Id., at 11a, 14a.

On the Government’s appeal, the Eighth Circuit affirmed the District Court’s dismissal of the money-laundering counts. 109 F. 3d 471, as amended, 115 F. 3d 621 (CA8 1997). The conspiracy charge was not part of the appeal, and that count remains pending in the Missouri District Court. 109 F. 3d, at 472, n. 2, as amended, 115 F. 3d 621.

The Court of Appeals first recounted law that is not in doubt: “Both Rule 18 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and the Constitution require that a person be tried for an offense where that offense is committed,” 109 F. 3d, at 472; also, the site of a charged offense “ ‘must be determined from the nature of the crime alleged and the location of the act or acts constituting it,’ ” ibid, (quoting United States v. Anderson, 328 U. S. 699, 703 (1946)). “Continuing offenses,” the Court of Appeals recognized, those “begun in one district and completed in another,” 18 U. S. C. § 3237(a), may be tried “ ‘in any district in which such [an] offense was begun, continued, or completed.’” 109 F. 3d, at 472 (quoting §3237(a)).

But “Cabrales was not accused of a ‘continuing offense,’ ” the Eighth Circuit said, ibid.; “[s]he was charged with money laundering, for transactions which began, continued, and were completed only in Florida,” ibid. “That the money came from Missouri is of no moment,” the Court of Appeals next observed, for “Cabrales dealt with it only in Florida.” Ibid. The money-laundering counts “inelude[d] no act committed by Cabrales in Missouri,” the Eighth Circuit emphasized, nor did “the [GJovernment charge that Cabrales transported the money from Missouri to Florida.” Ibid.

The Government urges that, in conflict with the Eighth Circuit, other Courts of Appeals “have held that venue for money laundering offenses is proper in the district in which the funds were unlawfully generated, even if the financial transaction that constitutes the laundering occurred wholly within another district.” Pet. for Cert. 9-10 (citing United States v. Heaps, 39 F. 3d 479, 482 (CA4 1994); United States v. Beddow, 957 F. 2d 1330, 1335-1336 (CA6 1992); United States v. Sax, 39 F. 3d 1380, 1390-1391 (CA7 1994); United States v. Angotti, 105 F. 3d 539, 544-545 (CA9 1997)). We granted certiorari to resolve the conflict, 522 U. S. 1072 (1998), and now affirm the Eighth Circuit’s judgment.

r — 1

Proper venue in criminal proceedings was a matter of concern to the Nation’s founders. Their complaints against the King of Great Britain, listed in the Deelai’ation of Independence, included his transportation of colonists “beyond Seas to be tried.” The Constitution twice safeguards the defendant’s venue right: Article III, § 2, cl. 3, instructs that “Trial of all Crimes . . . shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed”; the Sixth Amendment calls for trial “by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed.” Rule 18 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, providing that “prosecution shall be had in a district in which the offense was committed,” echoes the constitutional commands.

We adhere to the general guide invoked and applied by the Eighth Circuit: “[T]he locus delicti must be determined from the nature of the crime alleged and the location of the act or acts constituting it.” Anderson, 828 U. S., at 703. Here, the crimes described in Counts II and III are defined in statutory proscriptions, 18 U. S. C. §§ 1956(a)(l)(B)(ii), 1957, that interdict only the financial transactions (acts located entirely in Florida), not the anterior criminal conduct that yielded the funds allegedly laundered.

Congress has provided by statute for offenses “begun in one district and completed in another”; such offenses may be “prosecuted in any district in which [the] offense was begun, continued, or completed.” 18 U. S. C. § 3237(a). The Government urges that the money-laundering crimes described in Counts II and III of the indictment against Cabrales fit the § 3237(a) description. We therefore confront and decide this question: Do those counts charge crimes begun in Missouri and completed in Florida, rendering venue proper in Missouri, or do they delineate crimes that took place wholly within Florida?

Notably, the counts at issue do not charge Cabrales with conspiracy; they do not link her to, or assert her responsibility for, acts done by others. Nor do they charge her as an aider or abettor in the Missouri drug trafficking. See 18 U. S. C. §2 (one who aids or abets an offense “is punishable as a principal”). Cabrales is charged in the money-laundering counts with criminal activity “after the fact” of an offense begun and completed by others. Cf. § 3 (“Whoever, knowing that an offense against the United States has been committed, ... assists the offender in order to hinder or prevent his... punishment, is an accessory after the fact,” punishable not as a principal, but by a term of imprisonment or fine generally “not more than one-half the maximum . . . prescribed for the punishment of the principal^]”).

Whenever a defendant acts “after the fact” to conceal a crime, it might be said, as the Government urges in this case, that the first crime is an essential element of the second, see Brief for United States 9, and that the second facilitated the first or made it profitable by impeding its detection, see id., at 14. But the question here is the place appropriate to try the “after the fact” actor. As the Government recognizes, it is immaterial whether that actor knew where the first crime was committed. See Tr. of Oral Arg. 5-6. The money launderer must know she is dealing with funds derived from “specified unlawful activity,” here, drug trafficking, but the Missouri venue of that activity is, as the Eighth Circuit said, “of no moment.” 109 F. 3d, at 472.

Money laundering, the Court of Appeals acknowledged, arguably might rank as a “continuing offense,” triable in more than one place, if the launderer acquired the funds in one district and transported them into another. Id., at 473. But that is tellingly not this ease. In the counts at issue, the Government indicted Cabrales “for transactions which began, continued, and were completed only in Florida.” Id., at 472. Under these circumstances, venue in Missouri is improper.

The Government identified Hyde v. United States, 225 U. S. 347 (1912), and In re Palliser, 136 U. S. 257 (1890), as the two best cases for its position that money launderers can in all eases be prosecuted at the place where the funds they handled were generated. See Tr. of Oral Arg. 6. Neither decision warrants the ruling the Government here seeks.

In Hyde, the defendants were convicted in the District of Columbia of conspiracy to defraud the United States. Although none of the defendants had entered the District as part of the conspiracy, venue was nevertheless appropriate, the Court ruled, based on the overt acts of a eo-eonspirator there. 225 U. S., at 363. By contrast, the counts at issue in this case allege no conspiracy. They describe activity in which Cabrales alone, untied to others, engaged.

In re Palliser concerned a man who sent letters from New York to postmasters in Connecticut, attempting to gain postage on credit, in violation of then-applicable law. The Court held that the defendant could be prosecuted in Connecticut, where the mail he addressed and dispatched was received. 136 U. S., at 266-268. The Palliser opinion simply recognizes that a mailing to Connecticut is properly ranked as an act completed in that State. Cf. 18 U. S. C. § 3237(a) (“Any offense involving the use of the mails ... is a continuing offense and ... may be ... prosecuted in any district from, through, or into which such . . . mail matter . . . moves.”); United States v. Johnson, 323 U. S. 273, 275 (1944) (consistent with the Constitution “an illegal use of the mails . . . may subject the user to prosecution in the district where he sent the goods, or in the district of their arrival, or in any intervening district”). Cabrales, however, dispatched no missive from one State into another. The counts before us portray her and the money she deposited and withdrew as moving inside Florida only.

Finally, the Government urges the efficiency of trying Cabrales in Missouri, because evidence in that State, and not in Florida, shows that the money Cabrales allegedly laundered derived from unlawful activity. Although recognizing that the venue requirement is principally a protection for the defendant, Reply Brief 10, the Government further maintains that its convenience, and the interests of the community victimized by drug dealers, merit consideration.

But if Cabrales is in fact linked to the drug-trafficking activity, the Government is not disarmed from showing that is the ease. She can be, and indeed has been, charged with conspiring with the drug dealers in Missouri. If the Government can prove the agreement it has alleged, Cabrales can be prosecuted in Missouri for that confederacy, and her money laundering in Florida could be shown as overt acts in furtherance of the conspiracy. See 18 U. S. C. § 371 (requiring proof of an “act to effect the object of the conspiracy”). As the Government acknowledged, the difference in the end result “probably ... would be negligible.” Tr. of Oral Arg. 52; see United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Mánual § IB 1.3 (Nov. 1995) (providing for consideration of “Relevant Conduct” in determining sentence).

* * *

We hold that Missouri is not a place of proper venue for the money-laundering offenses with which Cabrales is charged. For the reasons stated, the judgment of the Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit is

Affirmed.

      The Declaration reeited among injuries and usurpations attributed to the King: “transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences.” The Declaration of Independence, para. 21 (1776). A complaint of the same tenor appeared earlier, in the 1769 “Virginia Resolves.” See Blume, The Place of Trial of Criminal Cases: Constitutional Vicinage and Venue, 43 Mich, L. Rev. 69, 64 (1944). Parliament had decreed that colonists charged with treason could be tided in England. See 16 Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Period to Year 1803, pp. 476-510 (T. Hansard ed. 1813). In response, the "Virginia House of Burgesses unanimously passed a resolution condemning the practice of sending individuals “beyond the Sea, to be tried” as “highly derogatory of the Rights of British subjects.” Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1766-1769, p. 214 (J. Kennedy ed. 1906).

       Cf. United States v. Lanoue, 187 F. 3d 656, 661 (CA1 1998) (stating that crime of being a felon in possession of a firearm, in violation of 18 U. S. C. § 922(g)(1), occurs only where the firearm is actually possessed).