author: Per Curiam. Justice Stevens,

text:
    NETHERLAND, WARDEN v. TUGGLE
    No. A-209.
    Decided September 1, 1995
   Per Curiam.

Applicant asks that we vacate a stay of execution granted Tuggle by the Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. Because we agree with applicant that the stay was improvidently entered, we grant his application to vacate, provided that the stay shall remain in effect until September 20,1995, to allow Tuggle’s counsel opportunity to seek a further stay in this Court.

On June 29, 1995, the Court of Appeals issued an opinion vacating the District Court’s grant- of habeas relief, finding all of Tuggle’s constitutional claims to be without merit. Tuggle v. Thompson, 57 F. 3d 1356. The court stayed the issuance of its mandate on August 2, however, and granted Tuggle a 30-day stay of execution pending the filing of a timely petition for certiorari in this Court; then on August 25 it extended the stay of execution for the full 90 days allowed to file a certiorari petition in this Court.

Both actions of the court were taken by summary order without opinion or discussion. Nothing indicates that the Court of Appeals even attempted to undertake the three-part inquiry required by our decision in Barefoot v. Estelle, 463 U. S. 880, 895-896 (1983). See also Maggio v. Williams, 464 U. S. 46, 48 (1983) (per curiam); Autry v. Estelle, 464 U. S. 1, 2-3 (1983) (per curiam). There is no hint that the court found that “four Members of th[is] Court would consider the underlying issue sufficiently meritorious for the grant of certiorari” or that “a significant possibility of reversal” existed. Barefoot, supra, at 895. We think the inescapable conclusion is that the Court of Appeals mistakenly believed that a capital defendant as a matter of right was entitled to a stay of execution until he has filed a petition for certiorari in due course. But this view was rejected in Autry, supra, at 2, and Maggio, supra, at 48.

Accordingly, the application to vacate the stay of execution is granted.

Justice Stevens,

with whom Justice Ginsburg joins,

dissenting.

Because there is no support in the record for the conclusion that the Court of Appeals abused its discretion when it granted a stay of execution to enable respondent Tuggle to file a petition for certiorari, I respectfully dissent. The fact that the respondent has substantial grounds for challenging the constitutionality of his death sentence is demonstrated both by the issuance of a writ of habeas corpus by the District Court and by the 19-page opinion filed by the Court of Appeals. Tuggle v. Thompson, 57 F. 3d 1356 (CA4 1995). Promptly after that opinion was announced, respondent filed a motion for a stay of execution supported by an explanation of why “the three-part inquiry,” ante this page, described in Barefoot v. Estelle, 463 U. S. 880, 895-896 (1983), warranted that relief. It is disrespectful to the Court of Appeals to assume that its grant of that motion did not implicitly endorse the reasoning in respondent’s moving papers.

The stay of execution would merely have given respondent the opportunity to seek the review in this Court that has been authorized by Congress and our Rules. In my opinion it is both unwise and unfair to require a death row inmate who has acted diligently at all stages of his litigation to prepare and file a petition raising substantial claims more promptly than other litigants. I would deny the warden’s application.

Justice Souter would deny the application to vacate stay of execution.

Justice Breyer, for reasons stated in the first paragraph of Justice Stevens’ dissent, votes to deny the application.


source: Caselaw Access Project

license: Public Domain

text:
    May 30, 1995
    No. 94-1139.
    Government Employees Insurance Co. et al. v. Duane.
   C. A. 4th Cir. [Certiorari granted, 513 U. S. 1189.] Writ of certiorari dismissed under this Court’s Rule 46.1.


text:
    No. - - -.
    Conner v. Norfolk Southern Corp. et al.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file petition for writ of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. - - -.
    No. - - -.
    Goetz et al. v. Crosson et al.; and Lonchar v. Thomas, Warden.
   Motions for leave to proceed informa pauperis without affidavits of indigency executed by petitioners denied.


text:
    No. D-1537.
    In re Disbarment of Wagner.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1061.]


text:
    No. 94-1244.
    Behrens v. Pelletier.
   C. A. 9th Cir. [Certiorari granted, 514 U. S. 1035.] Motion of respondent for leave to proceed further herein in forma pauperis granted. Motion for appointment of counsel granted, and it is ordered that Samuel T. Rees, Esq., of Los Angeles, Cal., be appointed to serve as counsel for respondent in this case.


text:
    No. 94-8631.
    In re Judd.
   Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied. See this Court’s Rule 39.8. Petitioner is allowed until June 20, 1995, within which to pay the docketing fee required by Rule 38(a) and to submit a petition in compliance with Rule 33 of the Rules of this Court.


text:
    No. 94-1745.
    No. 94-8700.
    In re Mandanici; and In re Verdone.
   Petitions for writs of mandamus denied.


text:
    No. 94-8706.
    In re Snyder.
   Petition for writ of prohibition denied.


text:
    No. 94-1785.
    Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Lundy.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 93-9026.
    Stevens v. Wisconsin.
   Sup. Ct. Wis. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 93-9237.
    Kerr v. Wisconsin.
   Sup. Ct. Wis. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-78.
    Michigan v. Asher.
   Ct. App. Mich. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1317.
    Sugrue v. Brown, Secretary of Veterans Affairs, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1320.
    Vail et al. v. Brown, Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1334.
    Alex v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1412.
    Fuentes v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1540.
    Cheeves et al. v. Southern Clays, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1567.
    Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation v. Yakima Indian Nation et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1625.
    Herron v. Tennessee Board of Regents et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1626.
    Jones v. Alabama.
   Ct. Crim. App. Ala. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1627.
    Society of Financial Examiners v. National Association of Certified Fraud Examiners et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1630.
    National Amusements, Inc. v. Town of Dedham.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1632.
    Cades v. H & R Block, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1636.
    Boyajian et al. v. Olfacto-Labs et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1638.
    Ho v. State Bar of California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1640.
    Sherwin-Williams Co. v. Eastern Mountain Platform Tennis, Inc.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1655.
    Miller v. State Bar of California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1656.
    Farmers Insurance Co., Inc. v. Jabbour.
   Sup. Ct. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1657.
    Hogue et al. v. United Olympic Life Insurance Co. et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1658.
    Amcast Industrial Corp. et al. v. Detrex Corp.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1661.
    Ashland Inc. v. Kentucky Revenue Cabinet.
   Ct. App. Ky. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1662.
    Musslewhite v. State Bar of Texas.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1663.
    Berryman et ux. v. Credit Adjusters.
   Ct. App. Minn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1670.
    Hendry Corp. et al. v. National Council on Compensation Insurance.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1671.
    Scales v. George Washington University.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1672.
    Shumate v. NCNB Corp.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1680.
    Wilson v. California Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1698.
    Schriro, Director, Missouri Department of Corrections, et al. v. Heaton et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1699.
    Aladdin, Individually and as Administratrix of the Estate of Aladdin, Deceased, et al. v. Grumman American Aviation Corp. et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1708.
    NLFC, Inc. v. Devcom Mid-America, Inc.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1710.
    Ellis v. Sennholz.
   Ct. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1713.
    Harper v. Ohio.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Montgomery County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1727.
    Calhoun v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Co. et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1730.
    Losson et vir v. Losson.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1733.
    Turner, aka Foutz v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1746.
    DeBlase et al. v. CIGNA Individual Financial Services Co. et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1754.
    Reeves v. AcroMed Corp. et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1773.
    Sherman v. Berlin et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1788.
    Burns v. United States et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1793.
    Smith v. Colorado.
   Ct. App. Colo. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1803.
    United Food & Commercial Workers International Union, AFL-CIO, et al. v. John Morrell & Co.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1810.
    Nemelka v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-7580.
    Bahm v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-7789.
    DeBardeleben v. Quinlan et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8009.
    Buell v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8265.
    Hern v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8273.
    Hudspeth v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8279.
    Ramos v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8379.
    Martin v. Louisiana.
   Sup. Ct. La. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8511.
    Banda v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8690.
    Scott v. Calderon, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8692.
    Phelps v. Indiana.
   Ct. App. Ind. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8693.
    Bilyeu v. Rather et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8698.
    McDonald v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8705.
    Douglass v. Estate of Douglass.
   Sup. Ct. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8709.
    Gilliam v. County of Los Angeles et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8712.
    Martin v. Peters et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8714.
    Meriwether v. Whitley, Warden.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8720.
    Sullivan v. Love, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Huntingdon, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8723.
    Stewart v. Murphy et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8725.
    Brannon v. LaMaina; and Hinte v. Shupe.
   Sup. Ct. Del. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8733.
    Vinson v. Groose, Superintendent, Jefferson City Correctional Center.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8734.
    Watson v. Monroe, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8738.
    Kirkpatrick v. Candee, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8740.
    Thomas, aka Thompson v. Artuz, Superintendent, Green Haven Correctional Facility.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8742.
    Abdul-Alim v. New Jersey et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8747.
    Pate v. Hargett, Superintendent, Mississippi State Penitentiary.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8749.
    Hopkins v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8758.
    Glover v. Mitchell.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8759.
    Ganey v. McDade.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8761.
    Sheng v. Nintendo of America, Inc.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8775.
    Wallace, aka Cole v. Wallace.
   App. Ct. Ill., 4th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8789.
    Burdine v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8799.
    Carter v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8823.
    Carpino v. Demosthenes et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8905.
    Markham v. Michigan.
   Ct. App. Mich. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8957.
    Fry v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8966.
    Saldana v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8981.
    McFarland v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8982.
    Jimenez v. Lewis, Director, Arizona Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9011.
    Hernandez v. Singletary, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9013.
    Carrier v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9014.
    No. 94-9045.
    York v. United States; and York v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 47 F. 3d 425.


text:
    No. 94-9018.
    McNeil v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9019.
    Lee v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9020.
    Cochran v. Department of Veterans Affairs et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9021.
    Baker v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9023.
    No. 94-9046.
    Graves v. United States; and Carlos Torres v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 45 F. 3d 1423.


text:
    No. 94-9025.
    Reece v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9026.
    Starley v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9032.
    Chapman v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9033.
    Shorter v. United States.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9034.
    Randle v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9035.
    Gamboa Rodriguez v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9037.
    Colon v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9039.
    Crosby v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9040.
    Branscomb v. Norris, Director, Arkansas Department of Correction.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9041.
    Monson, aka Barr v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9050.
    Frushon v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9051.
    Hundley v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9054.
    Scott v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9056.
    Poplawski v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9058.
    Ortiz-Reynel v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9062.
    Nichols v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9064.
    Jordan v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9069.
    Pierson v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9070.
    Nelson v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9072.
    Ingraham v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9077.
    Burdette v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9079.
    Elizondo Alvarez v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9082.
    Tearl v. Smith, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9084.
    Wright v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9094.
    Wheeler et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9099.
    Gonzalez v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9101.
    Henry v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9102.
    Harris v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9103.
    Fair v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9104.
    Garza v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9105.
    Hunter v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9106.
    Herrera et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9111.
    Oliveras-Perez v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9119.
    Gilbert v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9120.
    Gallardo v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9123.
    Gardner v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


author: Justice Scalia,

text:
    No. 94-1450.
    Lawson et al. v. Murray et al.
   Sup. Ct. N. J. Certiorari denied.

Justice Scalia,

concurring.

Last Term’s decision in Madsen v. Women’s Health Center, Inc., 512 U. S. 753 (1994), has damaged the First Amendment more quickly and more severely than I feared. In this case the New Jersey courts asserted the power to enjoin residential picketing by antiabortion demonstrators that was explicitly found to have been peaceful and in violation of no state statute or rule of common law. It is one thing for the courts to enforce by injunction a general, content-neutral state law (civil or criminal) against all residential picketing, or to enjoin particular individuals from continuing residential picketing that they have conducted in an unlawful manner (e.g., with the accompaniment of violence). It is quite another thing for the courts to enjoin particular individuals from conducting lawful residential picketing that they have conducted in a lawful manner in the past. That is an unconstitutional prior restraint.

Respondents are Elrick Murray, an obstetrician-gynecologist who performs abortions, and his wife. The two petitioners planned a demonstration at respondents’ residence on Sunday, January 20, 1991. On the appointed day, they and 56 other picketers met two policemen near respondents’ house; received instruction from the policemen in basic picketing protocol; and were escorted to the sidewalk running in front of respondents’ house and 10 neighboring houses. The protesters, carrying signs, walked in a single-file loop on the sidewalk past respondents’ house; the picketing lasted about an hour, and “[n]o instances of trespass, violence or disorderly conduct were reported.” App. to Pet. for Cert. 90a (App.).

In February 1991, respondents filed suit against petitioners and others in state court, seeking damages and injunctive relief for various common-law torts: invasion of privacy (including interference with the use and enjoyment of respondents’ residence), intentional infliction of emotional distress, interference with contractual relations, and others. The Chancery Division of the trial court entered a temporary restraining order. After a hearing on the merits, the trial court denied respondents damages on the ground that respondents had not made out any of their tort claims. See id., at 92a-97a. The court then went on to make the following rulings, which converted the proceeding from a tort suit for damages and injunctive relief into a proceeding for imposition of a judicial prior restraint:

“In addition to these claims, this court must also consider equitable principles when determining the appropriateness of injunctive relief.
“Plaintiffs have a privacy interest irrespective of their potential tort claim. . . .
“It can operate to limit First Amendment rights, even where the intrusion is not tresspatory [sic] or otherwise obstructed.
“The Court of equity has the inherent authority to balance that interest against First Amendment rights.
“In other words, this court does not accept defendants’ position that no injunction can issue unless a crime or an expressed tort has been committed.” Id., at 97a (emphases added; citations omitted).

The court then “balanced” the equities and, on the strength of Frisby v. Schultz, 487 U. S. 474 (1988), found that respondents’ interests in residential privacy justified an injunction restraining “defendants and all persons in active concert or participation with them . . . from picketing in any form . . . within 300 feet” of respondents’ home. App. 106a.

The Appellate Division and the New Jersey Supreme Court affirmed. When petitioners sought certiorari we granted their petition, vacated the judgment, and remanded for reconsideration in light of our decision in Madsen. See Lawson v. Murray, 513 U. S. 802 (1994). On remand, the New Jersey Supreme Court affirmed the trial court’s injunction in part and modified it in part. The court acknowledged (as it had stated even more clearly in its first opinion) that the injunction was “not imposed to remedy unlawful conduct,” 138 N. J. 206, 225, 649 A. 2d 1253, 1263 (1994), but rejected petitioners’ claim that the injunction therefore constituted an invalid prior restraint. In the alternative, the court relied on an asserted “captive audience” exception to the prior restraint doctrine. See id., at 226, 649 A. 2d, at 1263.

Although I dissented in Madsen, I do not believe that the opinion for the Court in that case “approve[d] issuance of an injunction against speech . . . even when there has been found no violation, or threatened violation, of a law.” 512 U. S., at 804 (Scalia, J., dissenting) (emphasis in original). To the contrary, the Court did obeisance to the venerable principle that “[injunctions . . . are remedies imposed for violations (or threatened violations) of a legislative or judicial decree,” id., at 764 (citing United States v. W. T. Grant Co., 345 U. S. 629 (1953)), no matter how little that principle was honored in application. See also 512 U. S., at 765 (“[Injunctions .. . afford more precise relief than a statute where a violation of the law has already occurred”); id., at 765, n. 3 (“Under general equity principles, an injunction issues only if there is a showing that the defendant has violated, or imminently will violate, some provision of statutory or common law, and that there is a cognizable danger of recurrent violation”) (internal quotation marks omitted).

The Federal Constitution does not, of course, directly require that an injunction issue only in such circumstances. But where injunctions that prohibit speech are concerned, the Free Speech and Free Press Clauses of the First Amendment impose that requirement indirectly. All speech-restricting injunctions are prior restraints in the literal sense of “ ‘administrative and judicial orders forbidding certain communications when issued in advance of the time that such communications are to occur.’ ” Alexander v. United States, 509 U. S. 544, 550 (1993) (emphasis deleted). Precedent shows that a speech-restricting “injunction” that is not issued as a remedy for an adjudicated or impending violation of law is also a prior restraint in the condemnatory sense, that is, a prior restraint of the sort prohibited by the First Amendment.

In Organization for a Better Austin v. Keefe, 402 U. S. 415 (1971), the state courts enjoined the petitioner from distributing literature or picketing anywhere within the city limits, on the same ground that the New Jersey courts expressed here: “[T]he public policy of the [State] strongly favored protection of the privacy of home and family” from the speech activities. Cf. 138 N. J., at 224, 649 A. 2d, at 1263 (“[T]he injunction was entered pursuant to the [trial] court’s authority to grant equitable relief to enforce a valid public policy of this State” protecting residential privacy). We held the injunction to be an unconstitutional prior restraint, reasoning that “the injunction operates, not to redress alleged private wrongs, but to suppress [speech] on the basis of previous publications.” 402 U. S., at 418-419 (emphasis added). Keefe relied on Near v. Minnesota ex rel. Olson, 283 U. S. 697 (1931), the foundation case in this area, where we struck down a state-court order that enjoined a newspaper from publishing malicious, scandalous, or defamatory material. We found the order to be an unconstitutional prior restraint, observing that the statute that authorized the order “is not aimed at the redress of individual or private wrongs,” id., at 709, and that “the object of the statute is not punishment, . . . but suppression,” id., at 711. See also id., at 715; Hirsh v. Atlanta, 495 U. S. 927 (1990) (Stevens, J., concurring in denial of stay) (distinguishing injunc-tive relief against “a class of persons who have persistently and repeatedly engaged in unlawful conduct” from “a naked prior restraint against ... a group that did not have a similar history of illegal conduct”).

The very episode before us illustrates the reasons for this distinction between remedial injunctions and unconstitutional prior restraints. The danger that speech-restricting injunctions may serve as a powerful means to suppress disfavored views is obvious enough even when they are based on a completed or impending violation of law. Once such a basis has been found, later speech may be quashed, or not quashed, in the discretion of a single official, who necessarily knows the content and viewpoint of the speech subject to the injunction; the injunction is enforceable through civil contempt, a summary process without the constitutional protection of a jury trial; and the only defense available to the enjoined party is factual compliance with the injunction, not unconstitutionality, see In re Felmeister, 95 N. J. 431, 445, 471 A. 2d 775, 782 (1984); In re Carton, 48 N. J. 9, 16, 222 A. 2d 92, 96 (1966). But the threat to the First Amendment becomes positively alarming when violation of the law is not even a necessary prelude to this expansive discretion — when the defendant’s prior speech (and proposed future speech) has been expressly found not to constitute a crime or common-law tort, and the only basis for the injunction is a nebulous “public policy” of the State enforced by an inherent equitable power. See 138 N. J., at 225, 649 A. 2d, at 1263. This is by definition a policy of enjoining in advance speech that the State does not punish after the fact— that is to say, a policy narrowly tailored to nothing but the suppression of lawful speech. And even that damning assessment assumes, of course, that such a “public policy” even exists in state law, which is highly questionable here. The New Jersey courts have given equitable relief against residential picketing npt viola-tive of state law only in this case and another recent casé involving abortion protesters. See Boffard v. Barnes, 136 N. J. 32, 642 A. 2d 338 (1994). The temptation in cases involving issues of social controversy — precisely the cases where the First Amendment’s protections are most needed — will always be for judges to discern a “policy” against whatever-speech-looks-bad-at-the-moment.

Even our Madsen decision was, as I read it, unwilling to invite such consequences by cutting prior-restraint doctrine loose from the requirement that injunctions be remedial. The prior-restraint argument advanced by petitioners in that case was summarily rejected in a footnote with the observation that

“[n]ot all injunctions that may incidentally affect expression ... are ‘prior restraints’ .... Here petitioners are not prevented from expressing their message in any one of several different ways; they are simply prohibited from expressing it within the . . . zone [covered by the injunction]. Moreover, the injunction was issued not because of the content of petitioners’ expression, . . . but because of their prior unlawful conduct.” Madsen, 512 U. S., at 764, n. 2 (emphasis added).

The New Jersey Supreme Court read this footnote to mean that even an injunction not imposed to remedy or prevent unlawful conduct may nonetheless be valid, depending on an assessment of “factors” such as content neutrality and availability of alternative channels of communication. See 188 N. J., at 221-226, 649 A. 2d, at 1261-1263. But such factors determine the validity of subsequent restraints, see, e. g., Simon & Schuster, Inc. v. Members of N. Y. State Crime Victims Bd., 502 U. S. 105, 116 (1991); Ward v. Rock Against Racism, 491 U. S. 781, 791 (1989), and to make them conclusive of the validity of prior restraints as well would destroy the doctrine that prior restraints are specially disfavored, see Patterson v. Colorado ex rel. Attorney General of Colo., 205 U. S. 454, 462 (1907) (Holmes, J.); Nebraska Press Assn. v. Stuart, 427 U. S. 539, 598 (1976) (Brennan, J., concurring in judgment). The presence of such validating factors is a necessary and sufficient condition for the constitutionality of a subsequent punishment, but merely a necessary condition for the constitutionality of a prior restraint, which requires in addition that it be remedial. It is improper to attribute a different meaning to the ambiguous Madsen footnote, which after all appeared in an opinion that elsewhere purported to honor the requirement that speech-restricting injunctions be remedial.

The principal ground for the decision below, then, does not apply Madsen but expands it, and contracts the First Amendment pari passu. I think i,t of vital importance that Madsen quickly be limited to what it said, rather than what it did. I nonetheless do not vote to grant certiorari here, for two reasons: The alternative ground for the court’s decision (existence of a “captive audience” exception to the doctrine of prior restraint), while a highly questionable basis for a discretionary injunction power, presents no clear conflict with the decisions of other courts and could prevent us from reaching the Madsen issue. And clarification of Madsen is in any event unlikely to occur in another case involving the currently disfavored class of antiabortion protesters. Accordingly, I concur in the denial of certiorari.

       In K-T Marine, Inc. v. Dockbuilders Local Union 1456, 251 N. J. Super. 107, 597 A. 2d 540 (1991), the Appellate Division affirmed an injunction against residential picketing by a union. There, however, the injunction issued because the trial judge found that “tortious activity . . . had taken place and would continue unless the court interceded.” Id., at 110, 597 A. 2d, at 542.


text:
    No. 94-1498.
    Illinois v. Salazar.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed informa pauperis granted. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1652.
    Chambers et al. v. Pelfrey.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


author: Justice Thomas,

text:
    No. 94-1532.
    Parking Association of Georgia, Inc., et al. v. City of Atlanta, Georgia.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.

Justice Thomas,

with whom Justice O’Connor joins,

dissenting.

Motivated by a desire to improve the attractiveness of its downtown region, the Atlanta City Council passed an ordinance requiring certain existing surface parking lots to include landscaped areas equal to at least 10% of the paved area and to have at least one tree for every eight parking spaces. The ordinance covers some 350 parking lots; petitioners estimate that compliance with the landscaping requirements will cost approximately $12,500 per lot, for a total of $4,375,000. Additionally, parking lot owners will lose revenue due to lost parking spaces and lost advertising dollars: The trees allegedly will obscure existing advertising signs and cause petitioners to lose contracts worth about $1,636,000.

Petitioners sought injunctive and declaratory relief on the ground that the Atlanta ordinance was an uncompensated taking of property in violation of the Fifth Amendment. The state trial court ruled in favor of the city. In a divided opinion, the Supreme Court of Georgia affirmed. 264 Ga. 764, 450 S. E. 2d 200 (1994). The court held that the ordinance was neither a physical nor a regulatory taking. The court relied on Agins v. City of Tiburon, 447 U. S. 255 (1980), to conclude that the ordinance was constitutional because it “advances legitimate governmental interests and leaves the plaintiffs with an economically viable use in their property.” 264 Ga., at 766, n. 3, 450 S. E. 2d, at 203, n. 3. The court distinguished Dolan v. City of Tigard, 512 U. S. 374 (1994), which requires a showing of rough proportionality between the conditions imposed and the impact of the owner’s development, on the ground that although the city of Tigard had not made an ‘“individualized determination that the required dedication is related both in nature and extent to the impact of the development,’ ” 264 Ga., at 766, n. 3, 450 S. E. 2d, at 203, n. 3 (quoting Dolan, supra, at 391), the city of Atlanta had made a “legislative determination” with regard to many landowners, 264 Ga., at 766, n. 3, 450 S. E. 2d, at 203, n. 3, thus placing this case outside the reach of Dolan.

The lower courts are in conflict over whether Dolan’s test for property regulation should be applied in eases where the alleged taking occurs through an Act of the legislature. In addition to the court below, at least one other court has relied upon the “legislative” character of state action to conclude that Dolan was inapposite and that the less stringent Agins standard should be applied. See Harris v. Wichita, 862 F. Supp. 287, 294 (D. Kan.1994). Other courts, however, have applied Dolan to cases involving alleged legislative regulatory takings. In Trimen Development Co. v. King Cty., 124 Wash. 2d 261, 877 P. 2d 187 (1994), the Washington Supreme Court applied Dolan to an ordinance similar to the one at issue here. A King County Council ordinance required that developers seeking to build housing either dedicate land for public parks or pay a fee. Despite the fact that the ordinance was clearly a “legislative enactment,” the court applied Dolan’s rough proportionality test. 124 Wash. 2d, at 274, 877 P. 2d, at 194. See also Manocherian v. Lennox Hill Hospital, 84 N. Y. 2d 385, 393, 643 N. E. 2d 479, 483 (1994), cert. denied, 514 U. S. 1109 (1995) (applying Dolan to alleged legislative taking).

It is hardly surprising that some courts have applied DolapJs rough proportionality test even when considering a legislative enactment. It is not clear why the existence of a taking should turn on the type of governmental entity responsible for the taking. A city council can take property just as well as a planning commission can. Moreover, the general applicability of the ordinance should not be relevant in a takings analysis. If Atlanta had seized several hundred homes in order to build a freeway, there would be no doubt that Atlanta had taken property. The distinction between sweeping legislative takings and particularized administrative takings appears to be a distinction without a constitutional difference.

Although Dolan purports to be an exception to Agins, the logic of these two cases appears to point in different directions. The lower courts should not have to struggle to make sense of this tension in our case law. In the past, the confused nature of some of our takings case law and the fact-specific nature of takings claims has led us to grant certiorari in takings cases without the existence of a conflict. See Dolan, supra, at 383 (observing that certiorari was granted because the Oregon Supreme Court allegedly had misapplied Nollan v. California Coastal Comm’n, 483 U. S. 825 (1987)). Where, as here, there is a conflict, the reasons for granting certiorari are all the more compelling.

Because the petition poses a substantial federal question concerning regulatory takings and because there is confusion in the lower courts, I would grant certiorari.


text:
    No. 94-1629.
    Tabas et al. v. Tabas et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Motion of American Institute of Certified Public Accountants for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1649.
    Ellman v. Davis, Warden.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Motion of the parties to defer consideration of petition for writ of certiorari denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1743.
    Mallard Bay Drilling, Inc., et al. v. Watterson.
   Ct. App. La., 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Breyer took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 94-9443 (A-908).
    Mann v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Scalia, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1240.
    No. 94-1376.
    No. 94-1459.
    No. 94-7436.
    No. 94-7959.
    No. 94-8006.
    No. 94-8097.
    No. 94-8137.
    No. 94-8140.
    No. 94-8160.
    No. 94-8186.
    No. 94-8376.
    No. 94-8425.
    No. 94-8568.
    Whittlesey v. Office of Hearings and Appeals, Social Security Administration, Ilic v. Liquid Air Corp., Duenas v. Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services, McCright v. Borg, Warden, Okoro v. United States, Mason v. Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County, Young v. Nuclear Regulatory Commission et al., In re Hollingsworth, Amaral v. Rhode Island Hospital Trust et al., Lewis v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, Azubuko v. Chief Adult Probation Officer et al., Early v. United States, Glant v. Florida Bar, Chapman v. Abrahamson, Warden,
   514 U. S. 1063;

514 U. S. 1064;

514 U. S. 1051;

514 U. S. 1020;

514 U. S. 1027;

514 U. S. 1053;

514 U. S. 1068;

514 U. S. 1062;

514 U. S. 1055;

514 U. S. 1069;

514 U. S. 1070;

514 U. S. 1075;

514 U. S. 1086; and

514 U. S. 1077. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    June 5, 1995
    No. 94-1398.
    United Mine Workers of America, AFL-CIO v. Peabody Coal Co.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated-, and case remanded for further consideration in light of North Star Steel Co. v. Thomas, ante, p. 29.


text:
    No. - - -.
    No. - - -.
    Herrera v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division; and Gonzales v. United States.
   Motions to direct the Clerk to file petitions for writs of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. - - -.
    Clinton v. North Carolina.
   Motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis without an affidavit of indigency executed by petitioner denied.


text:
    No. D-1488.
    In re Disbarment of Jones.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 513 U. S. 1073.]


text:
    No. D-1549.
    In re Disbarment of Jan.
   It is ordered that Joseph M. Jan, of Toledo, Ohio, be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1550.
    In re Disbarment of Diuguid.
   It is ordered that John P. Diuguid, of Bethesda, Md., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1551.
    In re Disbarment of Weeks.
   It is ordered that Timothy Weeks, of Newark, N. J., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1552.
    In re Disbarment of Cacioppo.
   It is ordered that Richard K. Cacioppo, of Woodland Hills, Cal, be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1553.
    In re Disbarment of Brown.
   It is ordered that Michael A. Brown, of Newton, Mass., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1554.
    In re Disbarment of Offner.
   It is ordered that Lawrence J. Offner, Jr., of Union, Mo., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. 94-9205.
    In re Vey.
   Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied. See this Court’s Rule 39.8. Petitioner is allowed until June 26, 1995, within which to pay the docketing fee required by Rule 38(a) and to submit a petition in compliance with Rule 33 of the Rules of this Court.


text:
    No. 94-1660.
    American Airlines, Inc. v. Lockwood.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Motion of American Intellectual Property Law Association for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certio-rari granted.


text:
    No. 94-8729.
    Bennis v. Michigan.
   Sup. Ct. Mich. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 94-1457.
    DeCell & Associates, Inc. v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1509.
    Smollen v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1519.
    David Lipscomb University v. Steele et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1628.
    Gould v. Smith, Trustee of Miami Center Liquidating Trust, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1651.
    Simmons v. Hinson, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1675.
    City of Upper Arlington et al. v. Vittitow et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1676.
    North Carolina v. Pendleton.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1677.
    Lehtinen et ux. v. Harstad.
   Ct. App. Minn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1681.
    Blue Cross & Blue Shield Assn. v. Hubbard et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1686.
    SGS Control Services, Inc. v. International Ore & Fertilizer Corp.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1735.
    Savoy v. Cascade County Sheriff’s Department et al.
   Sup. Ct. Mont. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1748.
    Luker v. Akro Corp.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1761.
    In re Hudnall.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1776.
    No. 94-1787.
    No. 94-1789.
    North Rockland Central School District v. Consolidated Rail Corporation; Erie County v. Consolidated Rail Corporation; and New York State Board of Equalization and Assessment et al. v. Consolidated Rail Corporation.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1791.
    Fredericks v. Wright et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1828.
    Longfellow v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1839.
    Warshay et ux. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1855.
    Green v. Connecticut.
   App. Ct. Conn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-7872.
    Coleman v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-7904.
    Fero v. Kerby.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8104.
    Morrell, as Guardian ad Litem for Long et al. v. Britt, Secretary, North Carolina Department of Human Resources, et al.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8222.
    Lowe v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8232.
    Johnson v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8282.
    Dean v. Nebraska.
   Sup. Ct. Neb. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8314.
    McCullough v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8377.
    Chase v. Mississippi.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8380.
    No. 94-8755.
    Bennett v. United States; and Dixon v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 44 F. 3d 1364.


text:
    No. 94-8388.
    Sedor v. Runyon, Postmaster General.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8659.
    Davis v. Government of the Virgin Islands.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8774.
    Harris v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8777.
    Sledge v. Tennessee.
   Ct. Grim. App. Tenn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8778.
    Vohra v. Sikand Engineering Associates et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8779.
    Pintor v. Orange County, California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8780.
    Williams v. Runyon, Postmaster General.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8781.
    Miller v. White, Warden.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8782.
    Wheat v. Caspari, Superintendent, Missouri Eastern Correctional Center.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8786.
    Adams v. Moore, Director, South Carolina Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8791.
    Jackson v. Louisiana.
   Ct. App. La., 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8793.
    Scalice v. Massey et al.
   Sup. Ct. Wash. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8795.
    Patterson v. Mohs, Associate Warden.
   Ct. App. Minn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8800.
    Thomas v. Zimmerman, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Waymart, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8802.
    Swain v. Virginia.
   Sup. Ct. Va. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8803.
    Phillips v. Ganjoo et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8808.
    Hicks v. Michigan.
   Sup. Ct. Mich. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8810.
    Farr v. White, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8815.
    Jensen v. Berg et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8820.
    Lee v. Pruett, Warden.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8821.
    Martinez-Sandoval v. Kirsch et al.
   Ct. App. N. M. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8822.
    Kitchens v. Beckham.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8824.
    Pink v. Jones, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8825.
    Whitsitt v. Franchise Tax Board of California.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8828.
    Thompson v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8829.
    Cancel v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8830.
    Azubuko v. Murdoch et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8831.
    Brown v. Singletary, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8833.
    Marten v. Department of Veterans Affairs.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8835.
    Lathan v. Missouri.
   Ct. App. Mo., Eastern Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8841.
    McEaddy et al. v. Brooks et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8843.
    Sibay v. Crestar Financial Corp. et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8854.
    Akbar v. United States et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8856.
    Ignacio v. Brown, Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8874.
    Bartlett v. Dragovich et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8889.
    Okpala v. United States Customs Service et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8906.
    Keenum v. Makel, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8946.
    Smith v. South Carolina.
   Ct. Common Pleas of Anderson County, S. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8983.
    Jermyn v. Pennsylvania.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9017.
    Tobias v. Texas.
   Ct. App. Tex., 2d Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9057.
    No. 94-9100.
    Barbaris v. United States; and Gray v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 47 F. 3d 1162.


text:
    No. 94-9061.
    Watson v. Mitchell, Superintendent, Eastern Correctional Facility.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9117.
    Cruz v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9121.
    Raineri v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9124.
    Leisure v. Nuth, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9134.
    Cunningham v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9135.
    Bland v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9139.
    Love v. Pennsylvania.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9140.
    Nunez-Carreon v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9144.
    Perrin v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9145.
    Lopez v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9149.
    Rogers v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9153.
    Faiz v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9154.
    Friedman v. Shalala, Secretary of Health and Human Services, et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9155.
    Wade v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9156.
    Valenteen v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9161.
    Douglas v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9162.
    Gilley v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9163.
    Pendergrass v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9164.
    Hernandez-Fundora v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9168.
    Adams v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9170.
    Washpun v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9171.
    Walsh v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9173.
    Soto-Olivas v. United States; and France v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9176.
    Proffit v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9181.
    Martinez-Cano v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9183.
    Villot v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9206.
    Aziz v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9209.
    Meloncon v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9210.
    Antonelli v. Getty.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9216.
    Hammoude v. United States.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9218.
    Gilbert v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9222.
    Smith v. Drug Enforcement Agency et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9223.
    Martin v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9225.
    Gallego v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9238.
    Reed v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-7810.
    A. St. P. C. v. B. C.
   Sup. Ct. La. Motion of American Coalition for Abuse Awareness et al. for leave to file a brief as amici curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1580.
    No. 94-8045.
    No. 94-8261.
    No. 94-8702.
    No. 94-8726.
    Cossett et al. v. Clinton et al., In re Solimine, Coleman v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, Tschuor v. United States, In re Visintine,
   514 U. S. 1097;

514 U. S. 1062;

514 U. S. 1072;

514 U. S. 1092; and

514 U. S. 1081. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    No. 94-5856.
    Jacobs v. Missouri, Gonzalez v. Ocean County Board of Social Services et al.,
   513 U. S. 969; and

No. 94-7402.

513 U. S. 1170. Motions for leave to file petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    June 12, 1995
    No. 94-1518.
    Doctor’s Associates, Inc., et al. v. Casarotto et ux.
   Sup. Ct. Mont. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Allied-Bruce Terminix Cos. v. Dobson, 513 U. S. 265 (1995).


text:
    No. - - -.
    No. - - -.
    No. - - -.
    Swisher v. Texas Workers’ Compensation Commission et al.; Marian v. Scott et al.; and Arnette v. Allstate Insurance Co.
   Motions to direct the Clerk to file petitions for writs of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. D-1530.
    In re Disbarment of Windheim.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1060.]


text:
    No. D-1533.
    In re Disbarment of Shreve.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1060.]


text:
    No. D-1555.
    In re Disbarment of Feit.
   It is ordered that Michael A. Feit, of Albany, N. Y., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1556.
    In re Disbarment of Warter.
   It is ordered that J. Christopher Warter, of South Bend, Ind., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1557.
    In re Disbarment of Hilgendorf.
   It is ordered that George M. Hilgendorf, of Fort Collins, Colo., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. 120,
    Orig.
    New Jersey v. New York.
   Motion of the Special Master for compensation and reimbursement of expenses granted, and the Special Master is awarded a total of $84,531.74 to be paid by the parties equally. [For earlier order herein, see, e. g., 514 U. S. 1125.]


text:
    No. 94-1527.
    No. 94-1531.
    Barr Laboratories, Inc. v. Burroughs Wellcome Co.; and Novopharm, Inc., et al. v. Burroughs Wellcome Co.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. The Solicitor General is invited to file a brief in these cases expressing the views of the United States.


text:
    No. 94-9395.
    In re Mahn.
   Petition for writ of habeas corpus denied.


text:
    No. 94-9059.
    In re Raitport.
   Petition for writ of mandamus denied.


text:
    No. 94-8804.
    In re Sato.
   Petition for writ of mandamus and/ or prohibition denied.


text:
    No. 94-464.
    Norfolk Southern Railway Co. v. North Carolina Railroad Co.
   Ct. App. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1420.
    Ventre v. Johnson, Administrator, General Services Administration.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1497.
    O’Malley v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1525.
    Barnyak v. Pennsylvania.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1544.
    Sanidad et al. v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1616.
    Wicks v. Mississippi Employment Service et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1650.
    Al-Kelani, Inc., et al. v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Receiver for Audubon Federal Savings & Loan Assn.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1682.
    Attul v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1683.
    Delta Airlines, Inc. v. National Union Fire Insurance Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1687.
    LeRoy v. Illinois Racing Board et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1688.
    Maitland et al. v. Mitchell et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1693.
    Southern Crown, Inc. v. Board of Adjustment of the City of Dallas.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1694.
    Beazley v. Georgia State Bar.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1704.
    Zerman v. Greene et al.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1707.
    Williamson et al. v. Sacred Heart Hospital of Pensacola et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1711.
    Steigman et al., Personal Representatives of the Estate of Droze v. Danese et al.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1712.
    Romero et ux. v. Thomson Newspapers (Wisconsin), Inc., et al.
   Sup. Ct. La. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1715.
    Bussey et al. v. Owens.
   Ct. App. D. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1721.
    Town of Smithtown et al. v. Walz et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1732.
    Duvall v. City of Santa Monica.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1753.
    Manufacturas Internacionales Ltda et al. v. Manufacturers Hanover Trust Bank Co. et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1771.
    Daniel v. City of Tampa, Florida, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1779.
    Michael Q. Jones, Inc. v. County of Tuolumne et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 5th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1797.
    Light et al. v. Parkway C-2 School District et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1813.
    Marsoner v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1860.
    Patten v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1873.
    Mandacina v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1875.
    Ross v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1878.
    Kruckel v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1883.
    Hope v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8192.
    Haley v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8194.
    B. H. v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8230.
    Monroe v. Florida Legislature et al.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8463.
    Correales-Valencia v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8467.
    Edwards v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8481.
    Burgess v. Georgia.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8487.
    Palermo et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8510.
    Badeaux v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8516.
    Greer v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8525.
    Gutierrez-Romero v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8587.
    Levi v. United States.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8675.
    Blackston v. Becker, Judge, United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8678.
    Mejia-Herrera v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8722.
    Roberts v. Singletary, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8844.
    Busch v. Nix et al.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8846.
    Jacobs v. Supreme Court of Missouri.
   Sup. Ct. Mo. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8847.
    Jennings v. Reynolds, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8848.
    Reed v. Shelby County Government et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8852.
    McGautha v. Jackson County, Missouri.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8858.
    Poole v. Wood, Commissioner, Minnesota Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8860.
    Rome v. Kyle, Chairman, Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles (FT).
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8863.
    Fairchild v. Norris, Director, Arkansas Department of Correction.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8865.
    Laird v. Cragin Federal Bank.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8869.
    Evans v. Brigano, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8872.
    Estrella v. Sanders, Warden.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8873.
    Chatfield v. Norton, Attorney General of Colorado.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8876.
    Pursche v. City of Irving, Texas, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8880.
    Stokes v. Ferrell et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8883.
    Bailey v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8890.
    Schmidt v. Iowa et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8891.
    Bailey v. Hawaii.
   Sup. Ct. Haw. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8901.
    Colby v. Town of Henniker, New Hampshire.
   Super. Ct. N. H., Merrimack County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8902.
    Jimenez Monteon v. Gomez, Director, California Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8904.
    Jones v. Roadway Express, Inc.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8908.
    Jones v. Young, Warden.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8909.
    Moore v. New York.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y, 4th Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8910.
    McArthur v. Alabama.
   Ct. Crim. App. Ala. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8914.
    Adams v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8916.
    Javidi v. Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8917.
    Sylvis v. Wilson, Governor of California, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8922.
    Brecheen v. Reynolds, Warden.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8927.
    Jones et al. v. North Woodland Hills Community Assn.
   Ct. App. Tex., 14th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8928.
    Nwanze v. Woody et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8934.
    Brown v. Perrin et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8938.
    Hays v. Arends et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8947.
    Rose v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9002.
    Martin v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9043.
    Robinson v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9044.
    Eggar et al. v. City of Livingston.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9065.
    Friedman v. Board of Bar Examiners of Massachusetts.
   Sup. Jud. Ct. Mass. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9074.
    Knapp v. Leonardo, Superintendent, Great Meadow Correctional Facility.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9081.
    Sevey v. Angelone et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9083.
    Williams v. Illinois.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9110.
    Sparrow v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9125.
    Young v. Pennsylvania.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9141.
    Murray v. Delo, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9151.
    Horton v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9160.
    Butler v. Richards et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9172.
    Ward v. United States.
   C. A. Armed Forces. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9180.
    Kirkland v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9186.
    Thomas v. United States.
   C. A. Armed Forces. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9188.
    Flores v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9198.
    Giraldo v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9200.
    Jackson v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9203.
    Wang v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9221.
    Olivas-Rivera v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9229.
    Rosa Behety et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9237.
    Ramires v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9285.
    Brennan v. Florida et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1569.
    Texas v. Riley.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1749.
    No. 94-1750.
    Jones et al. v. National Football League et al.; and Dusbabek et al. v. National Football League et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Motion of Public Citizen Inc. for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8270.
    Peterkin v. Pennsylvania.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Motion of petitioner for leave to amend the petition for writ of certiorari granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 93-9240.
    No. 94-1229.
    No. 94-7996.
    No. 94-8144.
    No. 94-8251.
    No. 94-8252.
    No. 94-8398.
    No. 94-8537.
    Crawford v. Zant, Warden, Caulfield v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Shows v. Dyal et al., Stow v. Horan et al., Garcia v. Florida, Half-Day v. Perot et al., In re Rogers, Hicks v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, Russell v. United States, Echavarria-Olarte v. Reno, Attorney General,
   514 U. S. 1082;

514 U. S. 1016;

514 U. S. 1053;

514 U. S. 1069;

514 U. S. 1085;

514 U. S. 1072;

514 U. S. 1107;

514 U. S. 1088;

No. 94-8581.

No. 94-8611.

514 U. S. 1089; and

514 U. S. 1090. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    No. 94-1475.
    Pri-Har v. United States,
   514 U. S. 1052. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed further herein in forma pauperis granted. Petition for rehearing denied.


text:
    June 14, 1995
    No. 94-9508 (A-918).
    Fearance v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Scalia, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied. Justice Stevens and Justice Ginsburg would grant the application for stay of execution in order to consider the petition for writ of certiorari in the ordinary course of proceedings. See Clark v. Collins, 502 U. S. 1052 (1992) (Stevens, J., dissenting).


text:
    June 15, 1995
    No. 94-8569 (A-940).
    Griffin v. Delo, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center,
   514 U. S. 1119. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Thomas, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Petition for rehearing denied.


text:
    June 19, 1995
    No. 93-676.
    Carpenter v. United States.
   C. A. Armed Forces. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Ryder v. United States, ante, p. 177.


text:
    No. 93-966.
    Clark v. United States; Danielson v. United States; Dorman v. United States; Kovac v. United States; Prive v. United States; and Taitano v. United States.
   C. A. Armed Forces. Certiorari granted, judgments vacated, and cases remanded for further consideration in light of Ryder v. United States, ante, p. 177.


text:
    No. 94-48.
    King Fisher Marine Service, Inc. v. Perez et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Gutierrez de Martinez v. Lamagno, ante, p. 417.


text:
    No. 94-434.
    Missouri et al. v. Jenkins et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Missouri v. Jenkins, ante, p. 70.


text:
    No. 94-886.
    Jackson et al. v. Culinary School of Washington, Ltd., et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Wilton v. Seven Falls Co., ante, p. 277.


text:
    No. 94-944.
    Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Schmitz et al.; Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Keller et al.; and Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Rice et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari granted, judgments vacated, and cases remanded for further consideration in light of Commissioner v. Schleier, ante, p. 323.


text:
    No. 94-1045.
    Director, Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs, Department of Labor v. Rambo et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Metropolitan Stevedore Co. v. Rambo, ante, p. 291.


text:
    No. - - -.
    Bess v. Cisneros, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file petition for writ of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. D-1485.
    In re Disbarment of Jacobs.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 513 U. S. 1055.]


text:
    No. D-1527.
    In re Disbarment of Herkenhoff.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1060.]


text:
    No. D-1529.
    In re Disbarment of Spivak.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1060.]


text:
    No. D-1536.
    In re Disbarment of Stern.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1061.]


text:
    No. D-1538.
    In re Disbarment of Maiolo.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1061.]


text:
    No. D-1541.
    In re Disbarment of Bell.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1081.]


text:
    No. D-1543.
    In re Disbarment of Young.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1081.]


text:
    No. D-1545.
    In re Disbarment of Potts.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1106.]


text:
    No. D-1558.
    In re Disbarment of Rosengarden.
   It is ordered that Morton Charles Rosengarden, of Deerfield, Ill., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1559.
    In re Disbarment of Crewell.
   It is ordered that Ted Henry Crewell, of Dallas, Tex., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1560.
    In re Disbarment of Washington.
   It is ordered that Edward Vincent Washington, Jr., of Montclair, Cal., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. 94-8951.
    Wilkinson v. Missouri.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis denied. Petitioner is allowed until July 10, 1995, within which to pay the docketing fee required by Rule 38(a) and to submit a petition in compliance with Rule 33 of the Rules of this Court.


text:
    No. 94-8667.
    In re Smith.
   Petition for writ of mandamus denied.


text:
    No. 94-8945.
    In re Spychala.
   Petition for writ of prohibition denied.


text:
    No. 94-1592.
    Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers et al. v. Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad Co. et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 94-1809.
    Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., et al. v. Epstein et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of Business Roundtable for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari granted limited to Question 1 presented by the petition.


text:
    No. 94-9088.
    Neal v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 94-693.
    Hernandez v. Texas State Board of Dental Examiners et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-999.
    Downey et al. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1041.
    Hawkins et ux. v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1339.
    Maltby v. Winston et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1407.
    Pennsylvania v. Bull.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1417.
    Woodall et al. v. Reno, Attorney General, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1482.
    Clouser et al. v. Glickman, Secretary of Agriculture, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1533.
    Floyd v. Collin County Community College District et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1541.
    Bey et al. v. Bisbee.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1558.
    Equal Employment Opportunity Commission v. Francis W. Parker School.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1579.
    Collins, on Behalf of Shufelt v. Duggan.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 3d Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1581.
    Regions Bank of Louisiana, Successor in Interest of Secor Bank, et al. v. Internal Revenue Service.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1605.
    Mitchell v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1611.
    Haitian Refugee Center, Inc., et al. v. Christopher, Secretary of State, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1668.
    Rahn v. Drake Center, Inc.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1709.
    Thomas v. Baxter.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1717.
    Greer et ux. v. Landmark Bancshares of Illinois, Inc., et al.
   App. Ct. Ill., 5th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1725.
    Crane Co. v. United States ex rel. Rabushka et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1729.
    O’Quinn v. Kline.
   Ct. App. Tex., 14th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1731.
    Rowland, Governor of Connecticut, et al. v. Juan F. et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1736.
    Todd et al. v. Florida.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1737.
    K. R. B. v. Stephenson et al.
   Ct. App. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1739.
    National Paint & Coatings Assn. et al. v. City of Chicago.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1742.
    Osborne et ux. v. Power et al.
   Sup. Ct. Ark. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1751.
    Williams v. Capps Trailer Sales et al.
   Ct. Civ. App. Ala. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1752.
    Garrett et al. v. Gilless et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1755.
    Koupal, By and Through His Mother and Next Friend, Koupal v. Sioux Falls School District.
   Sup. Ct. S. D. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1757.
    Kleenwell Biohazard Waste & General Ecology Consultants, Inc. v. Nelson, Chairman, Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1759.
    Ellington et al. v. Superior Court of California, County of Los Angeles, et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1762.
    Moretti v. Dinice et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1765.
    Inn of Miami Airport, Inc. v. Perren-Vibes Music, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1766.
    Michigan v. Hensick.
   Ct. App. Mich. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1767.
    Sullivan et ux. v. City of Memphis.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1768.
    Capitol Indemnity Corp. v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1769.
    Murphy v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1774.
    Leslie v. Long Beach Prosecutor et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1775.
    Caver v. Gerace, Administrator, Louisiana Department of Employment Securities, et al.
   Ct. App. La., 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1777.
    Ball et al. v. Gasho et ux.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1781.
    Attorney R v. Mississippi Bar.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1782.
    Wiston XXIV Limited Partnership v. Balcor Pension Investors V.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1783.
    Scariano v. Justices of the Supreme Court of Indiana et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1784.
    Amato v. Louisiana Commissioner of Securities et al.
   Ct. App. La., 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1792.
    Unified School District No. 244 et al. v. Kansas et al.
   Sup. Ct. Kan. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1794.
    Davis, Individually and as Next Friend of Davis, a Minor, et al. v. Ficano, Sheriff, Wayne County, et al.
   Ct. App. Mich. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1795.
    Yardarm Restaurant, Inc. v. City of Pompano Beach.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 4th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1798.
    Home of Faith, dba Ambassador Manor South, et al. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1805.
    City of New Orleans et al. v. Louisiana Debating & Literary Assn. et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1814.
    Burns v. Reed.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1834.
    Alper et al. v. Florida Bar.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1852.
    Alley v. General Electric Capital Corp.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1899.
    Perez-Aguilera v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-6703.
    Kimbro v. Velten et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-7239.
    Henderson v. Baird et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-7412.
    Moddon v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8010.
    Broxton v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8131.
    Ledbetter v. Edwards, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8179.
    Gillespie v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8507.
    No. 94-8512.
    Outten v. Delaware; and Shelton v. Delaware.
   Sup. Ct. Del. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 650 A. 2d 1291.


text:
    No. 94-8566.
    Willis v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8853.
    Quesinberry v. Murray, Director, Virginia Department of Corrections.
   Sup. Ct. Va. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8888.
    Scott v. Singletary, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8935.
    Carrillo et al. v. Illinois.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8939.
    Jerome v. Bidders Inc., dba Satellite Motel.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8941.
    Alexander v. Johnson et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8948.
    Oriakhi v. West et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8953.
    Woodall v. Hill, Sheriff, Sedgwick County, Kansas, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8954.
    Vohra v. California Workers’ Compensation Appeals Board et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8958.
    Schwarz v. Interpol et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8959.
    Schwarz v. Church of Scientology International et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8962.
    Stuart v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8964.
    Page v. Angelone, Director, Virginia Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8968.
    Weinstein v. Weinstein.
   Sup. Ct. N. J. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8970.
    Calhoun v. Washington.
   Ct. App. Wash. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8971.
    Homo v. Town of Henniker.
   Sup. Ct. N. H. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8973.
    Thinh Van Cao v. Massachusetts.
   Sup. Jud. Ct. Mass. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8975.
    Pietri v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8978.
    Wood v. Arizona.
   Sup. Ct. Ariz. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8986.
    Rogers v. Cuyson et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8987.
    Smith v. Carroll et al.
   Ct. App. Tex., 14th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8991.
    Mincey v. Thomas, Warden.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8992.
    Jones v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8993.
    Noel v. White et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8994.
    Melinie v. Cain, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8995.
    Brewer v. Voinovich, Governor of Ohio, et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8998.
    Viges v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-8999.
    Brigaerts v. Gomez, Director, California Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9003.
    Wilson v. Circuit Court of Alabama, Jefferson County.
   Sup. Ct. Ala. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9016.
    McDonald v. Luchirini et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9024.
    Germany v. Zavaras, Executive Director, Colorado Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9027.
    De la Rosa v. Scully, Superintendent, Green Haven Correctional Facility.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9028.
    Herbst v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9029.
    Clark v. O’Sullivan, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9030.
    Arnold v. Boatmen’s Trust Co.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9031.
    Bethea v. Abramajtys, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9049.
    Fontan v. Ieyoub, Attorney General of Louisiana.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9052.
    Fottler v. Ainsworth et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9053.
    Haburn et al. v. United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9063.
    Morgan v. MacDonald et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9075.
    Spencer v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9113.
    Henry v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9136.
    Boyden v. Rubin et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9147.
    Romero v. Tansy, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9179.
    Rattler v. Office of Personnel Management, Retirement Operations Center.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9190.
    Freeman v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9192.
    Green v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9194.
    Harbin v. Maryland Motor Vehicle Administration.
   Cir. Ct. Prince George’s County, Md. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9196.
    Galvan v. Carothers, Superintendent, Lemon Creek Correctional Center, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9202.
    Burns v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9208.
    Battie v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9226.
    Sargent v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9235.
    Mark v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9236.
    Rosario v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9241.
    Spencer v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9244.
    Christie v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9248.
    Jamerson v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9249.
    Jones v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9251.
    Sabini v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9252.
    Carrera Seguame v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9254.
    Robinson v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9256.
    Wexler v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9259.
    Walker v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9260.
    Williamson v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9262.
    Murphy v. Angelone, Director, Virginia Department of Corrections.
   Sup. Ct. Va. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9267.
    Carroll et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9268.
    Arroyo-Angulo v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9271.
    Lucas v. Swinson, Warden.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9273.
    Lockett v. Mississippi.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9274.
    Lockett v. Mississippi.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9280.
    No. 94-9321.
    Morris v. United States; and Malone v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 46 F. 3d 410.


text:
    No. 94-9283.
    Smith v. United States.
   Ct. App. D. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9284.
    Christopher v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9286.
    Garcia-Rico v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9295.
    Ford et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9297.
    Miller v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9308.
    Washington v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9309.
    Vasquez v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9311.
    Bright v. Maryland Division of Correction et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9312.
    Friedman v. Board of Registration in Medicine et al.
   App. Ct. Mass. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9316.
    Reavis v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9319.
    Scott et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9320.
    McCullough v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9325.
    Webster v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9326.
    Daniels v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9336.
    Moreno-Hernandez v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9343.
    Gutierrez v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9345.
    Nidiffer v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9346.
    McClinton v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9348.
    Waldemer v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9354.
    Addison v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9355.
    Aflleje-Torres v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9369.
    Basden v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1612.
    Michigan v. Bellew.
   Sup. Ct. Mich. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1786.
    New York v. Reyes.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 1st Jud. Dept. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1644.
    No. 94-9087.
    Doe et al. v. Kirchner; and Baby Richard, a Minor, by His Guardian ad Litem, O’Connell v. Kirchner et al.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Motions of Yale University Child Study Center et al., Governor of the State of Illinois, arid Paul Simon et al. for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Motion of Catholic Adoptive Parents Association for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae in No. 94-9087 granted. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 164 Ill. 2d 468, 649 N. E. 2d 324.


text:
    No. 94-1695.
    Carriere et al. v. Grey Wolf Drilling Co. et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Breyer took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 94-1705.
    Beadle v. City of Tampa et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Motions of National Jewish Commission on Law and Public Affairs et al., General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists et al, Advocates International, Agudath Israel of America, and American Jewish Congress et al. for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1719.
    MountainWest Financial Corp., fka SCFC ILC Inc., dba MountainWest Financial v. Visa U. S. A. Inc.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Motions of American Council on Consumer Awareness et al., American Financial Services Association, and Center for Public Interest Research et al. for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9614 (A-946).
    Fearance v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Scalia, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9695 (A-965).
    Fearance v. Scott, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Scalia, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1413.
    No. 94-8035.
    No. 94-8242.
    No. 94-8248.
    No. 94-8277.
    No. 94-8294.
    No. 94-8299.
    No. 94-8375.
    No. 94-8402.
    No. 94-8464.
    No. 94-8617.
    No. 94-8656.
    Baker, Legally Incapacitated Person by Baker, Guardian, et al. v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., Davis v. First Worthing Management, In re Califorrniaa, Hili v. Hili, Etheridge v. Department of the Treasury, In re Snavely, Solis v. Circle K Corp. et al., Frusher v. Baskin-Robbins Ice Cream Co. et al., Roland v. Stalder et al., In re Litzenberg, In re Wilson, Mason et al. v. United States; and Mason v. United States,
   514 U. S. 1065;

514 U. S. 1054;

514 U. S. 1081;

514 U. S. 1114;

514 U. S. 1098;

514 U. S. 1106;

514 U. S. 1098;

514 U. S. 1114;

514 U. S. 1115;

514 U. S. 1106;

514 U. S. 1081; and

514 U. S. 1100. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    June 21, 1995
    No. 94-9734 (A-971).
    Griffin v. Missouri et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Thomas, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.

Justice Stevens, Justice Ginsburg, and Justice Breyer would grant the application for stay of execution, pending the District Court’s consideration of petitioner’s claims for relief under 42 U. S. C. § 1983, for the reasons expressed in the opinions of Chief Judge Richard S. Arnold and Circuit Judge Morris Sheppard Arnold, dissenting from denial of rehearing en banc in the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit.


text:
    No. 94-9735 (A-972).
    Griffin v. Bowersox, Acting Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Thomas, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-9736 (A-973).
    Griffin v. Bowersox, Acting Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Thomas, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.

Justice Stevens, Justice Ginsburg, and Justice Breyer would grant the application for stay of execution.


text:
    June 23, 1995
    No. 94-9773 (A-986).
    Lonchar, as Next Friend to Lonchar v. Thomas, Warden.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Kennedy, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari dismissed for want of jurisdiction.


text:
    June 26, 1995
    No. 94-140.
    Porat v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of United States v. Gaudin, ante, p. 506.


text:
    No. 94-1268.
    Joint School District No. 241 et al. v. Harris, on Her Own Behalf and on Behalf of Her Two Children, Butler and Harris, et al.; and Citizens Preserving America’s Heritage, Inc., et al. v. Harris, on Her Own Behalf and on Behalf of Her Two Children, Butler and Harris, et al.
    No. 94-1314.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and cases remanded with directions to dismiss as moot. United States v. Munsingwear, Inc., 340 U. S. 36 (1950). Reported below: 41 F. 3d 447.


text:
    No. S-1.
    Anderson v. Kentucky.
   Ct. App. Ky. [Certiorari granted, 371 U. S. 886.] It appearing that petitioner died April 6, 1994, the writ of certiorari is dismissed as moot.


text:
    No.-.
    J. M. v. Illinois.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file petition for writ of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. D-1528.
    In re Disbarment of Evans.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1060.]


text:
    No. D-1534.
    In re Disbarment of Doyle.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1061.]


text:
    No. D-1540.
    In re Disbarment of Whitehair.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1080.]


text:
    No. D-1544.
    In re Disbarment of Pritzker.
   Disbarment entered. [For earlier order herein, see 514 U. S. 1081.]


text:
    No. D-1561.
    In re Disbarment of Fusilier.
   It is ordered that R. Richard Fusilier, of Los Angeles,.Cal., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1562.
    In re Disbarment of Barlow.
   It is ordered that Dennis Michael Barlow, of Nutley, N. J., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1563.
    In re Disbarment of Robertson.
   It is ordered that Gerald Decatur Robertson, of Reston, Va., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1564.
    In re Disbarment of Muraski.
   It is ordered that Anthony Augustus Muraski, of Ann Arbor, Mich., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1565.
    In re Disbarment of Gould.
   It is ordered that David Francis Gould, of Bangor, Me., be suspended from the practice of law in this Court and that a rule issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.