text:
    No. 94-8729.
    No. 95-880.
    No. 95-6905.
    No. 95-7280.
    No. 95-7376.
    No. 95-7419.
    No. 95-7429.
    No. 95-7642.
    No. 95-7719.
    No. 95-7776.
    Bennis v. Michigan, Tatum et al. v. Columbia Natural Resources, Inc., et al., Esparza v. Elliott, Warden, et al., Sikora v. Doe et al., Haman v. King et al., Nasim v. Warden, Maryland House of Correction, et al., Bowles v. Minnesota, Simpson v. Cristino Rivera Mining Co. et al., Wright, aka Denvers v. United States, In re Kennedy,
   516 U. S. 442;

516 U. S. 1158;

516 U. S. 1122;

516 U. S. 1148;

516 U. S. 1162;

516 U. S. 1177;

516 U. S. 1162;

ante, p. 1109;

516 U. S. 1164; and

516 U. S. 1157. Petitions for rehearing denied.


source: Caselaw Access Project

license: Public Domain

text:
    April 25, 1996
    No. 95-8717 (A-873).
    Brewer v. Ward, Warden.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Breyer, and by him referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    April 26, 1996
    No. 95-1430.
    Rogers et al. v. Desiderio et al.
   App. Ct. Ill., 3d Dist. Certiorari dismissed under this Court's Rule 46.1.


text:
    April 29, 1996
    No. 94-2016.
    Independent Life & Accident Insurance Co. v. Harrington, as Administratrix of the Estate of Casey, Deceased.
   Sup. Ct. Ala. Certiorari dismissed under this Court’s Rule 46.


text:
    No. 94-2081.
    United States Surgical Corp. v. Ethicon, Inc., et al.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc., ante, p. 370.

Justice Breyer took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.


text:
    No. 95-7711.
    Rhodes v. United States.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Bailey v. United States, 516 U. S. 137 (1995).


text:
    No. D-1613.
    In re Disbarment of Jones.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 985.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1645.
    In re Disbarment of Schouman.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1107.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1648.
    In re Disbarment of Swano.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1108.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1650.
    In re Disbarment of Gerdeman.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1108.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1651.
    In re Disbarment of Piper.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1108.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1652.
    In re Disbarment of Allen.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1108.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1654.
    In re Disbarment of Kelleher.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1108.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1674.
    In re Disbarment of Mims.
   Larry Mims, of Chicago, Ill., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1676.
    In re Disbarment of Summers.
   Robert L. Summers, of Millersport, Ohio, is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. M-57.
    No. M-58.
    McElrath v. Phillips; and Abrams v. Urban Homeowners’ Corporation of New Orleans.
   Motions to direct the Clerk to file petitions for writs of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. 95-1111.
    Estate of Menna et al. v. St. Agnes Medical Center,
   516 U. S. 1172. Motion of respondent for damages denied.


text:
    No. 95-8273.
    In re Bertasavage.
   Petition for writ of prohibition denied.


text:
    No. 95-1402.
    Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Estate of Hubert, Deceased, C & S Sovran Trust Co. (Georgia) N. A., Co-Executor.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 95-1352.
    Edwards et al. v. Balisok.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 95-711.
    Gussin v. Nintendo of America, Inc.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-815.
    Globe Newspaper Co. v. United States et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1099.
    Russell et ux. v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, as Conservator for First American Savings Bank.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1119.
    City of Blue Springs et al. v. Kincade.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1193.
    Saraco et al. v. United States et al.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1204.
    Skepton v. Reich, Secretary of Labor.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1206.
    Corces v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1222.
    Shak v. Tanaka et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1226.
    Kelley, Attorney General of Michigan, et al. v. Department of Justice et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1234.
    Dixon et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1267.
    Wilburta T. Holden Living Trust v. Joint City-County Board of Tax Assessors.
   Ct. App. Ga. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1354.
    Liu v. New York City Police Department et al.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 1st Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1357.
    Jones et ux. v. Garcia et ux.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1362.
    Tam v. Continental Insurance.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1364.
    Smith v. Glenolden Borough et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1365.
    Archexpo Commerce & Industry Centre et al. v. International Ambassador Programs, Inc.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1369.
    Rodime PLC v. Quantum Corp.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1372.
    Auvil et al. v. CBS “60 Minutes” et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1375.
    Gill v. Territory of Guam.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1378.
    Furrer et ux. v. Brown et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1380.
    Harris v. City of Virginia Beach et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1384.
    Smith & Nephew Dyonics, Inc. v. Violette.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1387.
    Atlantic Richfield Co. v. Beck et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1388.
    St. Paul Mercury Insurance Co. et al. v. B & D Mechanical Contractors, Inc.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1389.
    Allard, Chapter 7 Trustee of the Estate of Chomakos, et al. v. Flamingo Hilton.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1398.
    Alsberg, dba Alsberg Brothers Boatworks v. Robertson, Chapter 7 Trustee.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1403.
    Struck v. Kennebec County, Maine, et al.
   Sup. Jud. Ct. Me. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1410.
    Dart et ux. v. Dart et al.
   Cir. Ct. Mich., Ingham County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1411.
    Walsh v. Ivkovich.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1412.
    Brown et al. v. Plywood Panels, Inc.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1416.
    Stramel v. Stone.
   App. Ct. Ill, 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1422.
    Secakuku, Chairman, Hopi Tribal Council of the Hopi Indian Tribe, for and on Behalf of the Hopi Indian Tribe v. Hale, President of the Navajo Nation, for and on Behalf of the Navajo Nation.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1424.
    Vanyo v. Fargo Women’s Health Organization, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1443.
    Stork Brabant B. V. et al. v. D’Almeida et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1451.
    Class of Gutierrez et al. v. Santa Ana Unified School District et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App.

Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1457.
    Hutton v. Colorado.
   Ct. App. Colo. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1490.
    Metcalfe v. Kelly, fka Metcalfe.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 3d Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1506.
    Ifill v. District of Columbia et al.
   Ct. App. D. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1548.
    Gaston v. Viclo Realty Co. et al.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 1st Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1549.
    Zhadanov v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1563.
    Genish v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1582.
    Jensen v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1588.
    Jespersen v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7203.
    Green v. Housing Authority of New Orleans.
   Ct. App. La., 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7506.
    Dobyne v. Alabama.
   Sup. Ct. Ala. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7645.
    Coley v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7675.
    Stine v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7690.
    Collado v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7744.
    Baker v. Maryland.
   Cir. Ct. Harford County, Md. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7974.
    McFarland v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8017.
    Burress v. Unitarian-Universalist Society of Sacramento, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8031.
    Franklyn v. Vista del Mar et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8038.
    Hayes v. Spears, Warden, et al.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8042.
    Smith v. McBride, Superintendent, Westville Correctional Center.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8043.
    Russell v. Norris, Director, Arkansas Department of Correction.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8045.
    Ramer v. Johnson et al.
   Sup. Ct. Okla. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8057.
    Marks v. Herring, Commissioner, Alabama Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8059.
    Minetti v. Local 9, International Longshoremen and Warehousemen Union, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8063.
    Bogan v. Sessions, Attorney General of Alabama, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8067.
    Gucikova v. Chrost.
   App. Ct. Mass. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8068.
    Hill v. San Mateo County Youth and Family Services Division.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8069.
    Hill v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 3d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8073.
    Dale v. Champion, Warden.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8074.
    Green v. Mellon Bank, N. A.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8075.
    Hamilton v. Fragoso et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8076.
    Jaffer v. Board of Managers of the Revere Condominium.
   Ct. App. N. Y. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8077.
    Johnson v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8078.
    Nobles, aka Sharif v. Welborn, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8080.
    White v. Zimmers, Clerk, Court of Common Pleas of Ohio, Montgomery County.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Montgomery County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8081.
    Ramos v. Bunnell, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8084.
    Nash v. Lacombe et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8085.
    Scott v. United States District Court for the District of Nevada et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8090.
    Hurst v. Supreme Court of California et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8091.
    Graham v. Turpin, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8094.
    Kornahrens v. Moore, Director, South Carolina Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8101.
    Olsen v. Sabal Marketing, Inc., et al.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8103.
    Morrow v. Georgia.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8111.
    Steeves v. Benson et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8112.
    Larrabee v. New York.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 4th Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8113.
    Shabazz v. Oklahoma.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8114.
    Anderson v. Davis et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8116.
    Al-Wahhab v. Virginia et al. (two judgments).
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8124.
    Balele v. Klauser, Secretary, Department of Administration, et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8125.
    Abraham v. Adcock et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8130.
    Swartz v. Iowa.
   Ct. App. Iowa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8132.
    Sims v. Illinois.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8135.
    Sedano v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8148.
    Idemudia v. Consolidated Rail Corporation.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8150.
    McGuffey v. Gwinnett County School System et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8177.
    D’Ambrosio v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8190.
    Johnson v. New York et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8191.
    Mullholand v. Harris Corp.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8218.
    Wyldes v. Hundley, Warden.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8250.
    Pitsch v. Michigan Attorney Grievance Commission.
   Sup. Ct. Mich. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8257.
    Steinberg v. Steinberg.
   Sup. Ct. Va. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8258.
    Seehan v. Iowa.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8284.
    Caton v. Clarke, Director, Nebraska Department of Correctional Services.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8308.
    Davis v. Pennsylvania.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8359.
    Elrod v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8368.
    No. 95-8460.
    Simmons v. United States; and Sanchez v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 74 F. 3d 1251.


text:
    No. 95-8383.
    Sussman v. New York.
   App. Term, Sup. Ct. N. Y., 9th and 10th Jud. Dists. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8384.
    Cairnes v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8406.
    Knight v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8407.
    Grennier v. Nagle et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8411.
    Okayfor v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8419.
    McCormack v. Thompson, Superintendent, Oregon State Penitentiary.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8432.
    Barnett v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8439.
    Gibson v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8440.
    Pratt v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8442.
    Bradford v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8444.
    Brown v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8456.
    Monreal v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8467.
    Padilla v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8471.
    Bratton v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8475.
    Rose v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8480.
    Caballero Ybarra v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8486.
    Renelus v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8489.
    Brown v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8490.
    Alexander v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8498.
    Greenidge v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8503.
    Rodriguez v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


author: Justice Scalia,

text:
    No. 95-856.
    Janklow, Governor of South Dakota, et al. v. Planned Parenthood, Sioux Falls Clinic, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Motion of National Right to Life Committee, Inc., for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.

Memorandum of Justice Stevens, respecting the denial of the petition for certiorari.

The Court’s opinion in United States v. Salerno, 481 U. S. 789 (1987), correctly summarized a long established principle of our jurisprudence: “The fact that [a legislative] Act might operate unconstitutionally under some conceivable set of circumstances is insufficient to render it wholly invalid.” Id., at 745.

Unfortunately, the preceding sentence in the Salerno opinion went well beyond that principle. That sentence opens Part II of the opinion with a rhetorical flourish, stating that a facial challenge must fail unless there is “no set of circumstances” in which the statute could be validly applied. Ibid.; post, at 1178. That statement was unsupported by citation or precedent. It was also unnecessary to the holding in the case, for the Court effectively held that the statute at issue would be constitutional as applied in a large fraction of cases. See 481 U. S., at 749-750.

While a facial challenge may be more difficult to mount than an as-applied challenge, the dicta in Salerno “does not accurately characterize the standard for deciding facial challenges,” and “neither accurately reflects the Court’s practice with respect to facial challenges, nor is it consistent with a wide array of legal principles.” Dorf, Facial Challenges to State and Federal Statutes, 46 Stan. L. Rev. 235, 236, 238 (1994). For these reasons, Salerno’s rigid and unwise dictum has been properly ignored in subsequent cases even outside the abortion context. Accordingly, there is no need for this Court affirmatively to disavow that unfortunate language, in the abortion context or otherwise, until it is clear that a federal court has ignored the appropriate principle and applied the draconian “no circumstance” dictum to deny relief in a ease in which a facial challenge would otherwise be successful. I thus concur in the denial of this petition.

Justice Scalia,

with whom The Chief Justice and Justice Thomas join,

dissenting.

In this case, the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth .Circuit declared unconstitutional a South Dakota law which requires a physician to notify a pregnant minor’s parent of an impending abortion 48 hours before the abortion is to be performed. The court’s basis for the invalidation was that “a large fraction of minors seeking pre-viability abortions would be unduly burdened by [the] statute, despite its abuse exception,” Planned Parenthood, Sioux Falls Clinic v. Miller, 63 F. 3d 1452, 1463 (1995) (emphasis added).

This decision is questionable enough that we should, since the invalidation of state law is at issue, accord review. Among other things, it rested upon the court’s belief that “it seems, South Dakota’s abuse exception will sometimes result in parental notification, even if after-the-fact.” Id., at 1461. That reasoning is inconsistent with our holding in Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, 497 U. S. 502, 514 (1990), another case involving a parental notification provision, that “ft]he Court of Appeals should not have invalidated the Ohio statute on a facial challenge based upon a worst-case analysis that may never occur.” The Eighth Circuit’s holding is also dependent on the questionable conclusions (1) that “parental-notice provisions, like parental-consent provisions, are unconstitutional without a Bellotti-type bypass,” 63 F. 3d, at 1460, see Bellotti v. Baird, 443 U. S. 622 (1979), and (2) that the South Dakota law’s exception for abused and neglected minors did not satisfy the need for a bypass procedure, 68 F. 3d, at 1460-1468.

Beyond these issues, however (or, more accurately, preceding them), is another question that virtually, cries out for our review. In United States v. Salerno, 481 U. S. 739 (1987), summarizing a long established principle of our jurisprudence, we observed:

“A facial challenge to a legislative Act is, of course, the most difficult challenge to mount successfully, since the challenger must establish that no set of circumstances exists under which the Act would be valid. The fact that [a legislative Act] might operate unconstitutionally under some conceivable set of circumstances is insufficient to render it wholly invalid, since we have not recognized an ‘overbreadth’ doctrine outside the limited context of the First Amendment.” Id., at 745.

It has become questionable whether, for some reason, this clear principle does not apply in abortion cases. As I observed three Terms ago in a case very similar to this one, we have sent mixed signals on the question — seemingly employing an overbreadth approach in Roe v. Wade, 410 U. S. 113 (1973), but explicitly rejecting that approach in such later abortion cases as Ohio v. Akron Center for Reproductive Health, supra, at 514, and Rust v. Sullivan, 500 U. S. 173, 183 (1991). In dissenting from denial of certiorari in Ada v. Guam Soc. of Obstetricians & Gynecologists, 506 U. S. 1011, 1013 (1992), I expressed my view that “[t]he Court did not purport to change this well-established rule ... in Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pa. v. Casey, 505 U. S. 833 (1992).” Since then, two Members of the Casey majority have expressed their view that Salerno is “inconsistent with Casey.” See Fargo Women’s Health Organization v. Schafer, 507 U. S. 1013, 1014 (1993) (O’Connor, J., joined by Souter, J., concurring).

In this case — after reviewing the incompatible pronouncements of the Court’s opinions on this subject, and remarking that “even the Justices of the Supreme Court dispute Casey’s effect,” 63 F. 3d, at 1457—the Court of Appeals concluded, in effect, that Salerno had been chewed up by the “ad hoc nullification machine” which is our abortion jurisprudence, Madsen v. Women’s Health Center, Inc., 512 U. S. 753, 785 (1994) (SCALIA, J., dissenting). The court decided that Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pa. v. Casey, 505 U. S. 833 (1992), without so much as alluding to the facial-challenge rule, “effectively overruled Salerno for facial challenges to abortion statutes,” 63 F. 3d, at 1458. This holding conflicts head on with a post-Casey decision of the Fifth Circuit. In Barnes v. Moore, 970 F. 2d 12, cert. denied, 506 U. S. 1021 (1992), the Fifth Circuit rejected a facial challenge to the Mississippi Informed Consent to Abortion Act. In the process, it said that “[b]ecause the plaintiffs are challenging the facial validity of the Mississippi Act, they must ‘establish that no set of circumstances exists under which the Act would be valid,’” 970 F. 2d, at 14, adding that “we do not interpret Casey as having overruled, sub silentio, longstanding Supreme Court precedent governing challenges to the facial constitutionality of statutes,” id., at 14, n. 2. The split between the Fifth and Eighth Circuits is unmistakably clear. The Third Circuit has also weighed in on this question (albeit in dictum), siding with the Eighth Circuit. See Casey v. Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pa., 14 F. 3d 848, 863, n. 21 (1994).

The Salerno question could not be more sjquarely presented. The Court of Appeals explained that “[t]he critical issue in this case is . . . what is the standard for a challenge to the facial constitutionality of an abortion law?” 63 F. 3d, at 1456 (emphasis added). It specifically acknowledged that “Planned Parenthood cannot meet the Salerno test.” Id., at 1457. Had the Court of Appeals not concluded that the Salerno rule has been selectively (and sub silentio) nullified in abortion cases, respondents’ facial challenge quite simply would have failed.

Justice Stevens’ memorandum in support of the denial of this petition provides even stronger reasons than I have why it should be granted. Justice Stevens asserts that Casey could not possibly have been contrary to the “no set of circumstances” rule because, contrary to the repeated statement of our cases, that rule never existed. For that head-snapping proposition, he relies upon no less weighty authority than a law review article by Michael C. Dorf. According to that author, The Chief Justice’s statement on behalf of the Court in Salerno was not only “wrong” but “draconian.” Dorf, Facial Challenges to State and Federal Statutes, 46 Stan. L. Rev. 235, 238, 239 (1994); see ante, at 1176. But if that is so, if Salerno is a dead letter even outside of the abortion context, all the more reason to grant certiorari and make that clear. For the courts of appeals regularly enforce that supposed dead letter, often in cases in which its “draconian” character prevents the facial challenge from succeeding. See, e. g., Chemical Waste Management, Inc. v. United States Environmental Protection Agency, 56 F. 3d 1434, 1437 (CADC 1995) (“We discern at least one scenario where the off-site rule would be procedurally valid. . . . While this hypothetical scenario may not be common, it is sufficient to establish that petitioners’ facial challenge must fail”); United States v. Mena, 863 F. 2d 1522, 1527 (CA11 1989) (“[T]he defendants have simply failed even to suggest ‘that no set of circumstances exists under which the Act would be valid.’ Such is the defendant’s burden in a case challenging the facial validity of a congressional enactment on other than first-amendment grounds”); Roulette v. Seattle, 78 F. 3d 1425, 1430 (CA9 1996) (“Plaintiffs have conceded that ‘the city may prevent individuals or groups of people from sitting or lying across a sidewalk in such a way as to prevent others from passing.’ The Seattle ordinance plainly may be applied to such cases, and plaintiffs’ facial substantive due process challenge therefore fails”) (citation omitted); Government Suppliers Consolidating Servs., Inc. v. Bayh, 975 F. 2d 1267, 1283 (CA7 1992); Dean v. McWherter, 70 F. 3d 43, 45 (CA6 1995); National Treasury Employees Union v. Bush, 891 F. 2d 99, 101 (CA5 1989) (“[B]eeause not every application of the Order would be invalid, the Order is facially valid”); Jordan v. Jackson, 15 F. 3d 333, 343-344 (CA4 1994); Giusto v. INS, 9 F. 3d 8, 10 (CA2 1993).

Finally, I cannot let pass without comment Justice Stevens’ suggestion that Fifth Circuit panels might, in future abortion cases, ignore the clear language of Salerno, and the Fifth Circuit’s own decision in Barnes, “given intervening statements by Members of this Court” — by which he means the memorandum of Justice O’Connor, joined by Justice Souter, concurring in the Court’s order of April 2, 1993, denying (without opinion) the application for stay and injunction pending appeal in Fargo Women’s Health Organization v. Schafer, supra. See ante, at 1176, n. 2. That the Fifth Circuit might give such authoritative effect to this two-Justice concurrence is certainly true; courts of appeals, no less than practitioners, sometimes count votes instead of following cases. But I am surprised to find that practice endorsed by Justice Stevens, who has hitherto taken a dim view of separate writings appended to discretionary (and unexplained) denials, calling “all opinions dissenting from the denial of certiorari” “totally unnecessary” and “examples of the purest form of dicta.” Singleton v. Commissioner, 439 U. S. 940, 944-945 (1978) (Stevens, J., respecting denial of certiorari). More fundamentally, I find it hard to understand why one who believes that Salerno’s “no set of circumstances” rule is nothing more than unwise, rigid, and inaccurate dictum, ante, at 1175, would not seize upon this opportunity “affirmatively to disavow” it, ante, at 1176, instead of hoping that the courts of appeals will be induced to abandon it by reading the tea leaves of concurring opinions. Today’s denial serves only one rational purpose: It makes our abortion ad hoc nullification machine as stealthful as possible.

For the foregoing reasons, I dissent from the Court’s denial of the petition for certiorari.

       See, e. g., Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pa. v. Casey, 505 U. S. 833, 895 (1992) (statute facially invalid as “substantial obstacle” to exercise of right in “large fraction” of cases); id., at 972-973 (Rehnquist, C. J., concurring in judgment in part and dissenting in part) (arguing that “no circumstance” dictum should have led to different result); Kraft Gen. Foods, Inc. v. Iowa Dept. of Revenue and Finance, 505 U. S. 71, 82 (1992) (Rehnquist, C. J., dissenting) (arguing that tax statute was facially valid because it would be constitutional under certain facts); INS v. National Center for Immigrants’ Rights, Inc., 502 U. S. 183, 188 (1991) (applying appropriate rule: “That the regulation may be invalid as applied in [some] cases, . . . does not mean that the regulation is facially invalid”); Bowen v. Kendrick, 487 U. S. 589, 602 (1988) (statute facially invalid under Establishment Clause only if, inter alia, law’s “primary effect” is advancement of religion, or if it requires “excessive entanglement” between church and state); id., at 627, n. 1 (Blackmun, J., dissenting) (pointing out and agreeing with majority’s failure to apply “no circumstance” dictum); Shaffer v. Heitner, 433 U. S. 186 (1977) (examining facial validity of state statute permitting exercise of personal jurisdiction over defendant without reference to whether statute was constitutional as applied to petitioner).
      These cases, along with other decisions and the holding in Salerno itself (that the- challenged Act was constitutional in most circumstances, not merely one), should have braced the dissent against the minor risk of whiplash from the “head-snapping” observation, post, at 1180, that our “doctrinal pattern is somewhat more complex” than Salerno’s “no circumstance” language suggests, Fallon, Making Sense of Overbreadth, 100 Yale L. J. 853, 859, n. 29 (1991) (citing cases).

       In all likelihood, the decision of the Fifth Circuit applying the “no circumstance” test would have been decided the same way even if that court had utilized the “large fraction” test applied by the Eighth Circuit in this case. See Barnes v. Moore, 970 F. 2d 12, 14 (CA5 1992) (noting that the provisions at issue were “substantially identical” to provisions upheld in Casey).

      Furthermore, it is not at all clear to me, given intervening statements by Members of this Court, see Fargo Women’s Health Organization v. Schafer, 507 U. S. 1013, 1014 (1993), that subsequent Fifth Circuit panels would follow Barnes’ application of the “no circumstance” test, providing yet another reason to deny the petition in this case.

       South Dakota Codified Laws § 34-23A-7 (1994 rev.) provides, in relevant part:
      “No abortion may be performed upon an unemancipated minor or upon a female for whom a guardian has been appointed because of a finding of incompetency, until at least forty-eight hours after written notice of the pending operation has been delivered in the manner specified in this section. The notice shall be addressed to the parent at the usual place of abode of the parent and shall be delivered personally to the parent by the physician or an agent. In lieu of such delivery, notice may be made by certified mail addressed to the parent at the usual place of abode of the parent with return receipt requested and restricted delivery to the addressee, which means a postal employee can only deliver the mail to the authorized addressee. If notice is made by certified mail, the time of delivery shall be deemed to occur at twelve o’clock noon on the next day on which regular mail delivery takes place, subsequent to mailing.”

       South Dakota Codified Laws §34-23A-7 (1994 rev.) sets forth the following exceptions to its notice requirement:
      “No notice is required under this section if:
      “(1) The attending physician certifies in the pregnant minor’s medical record that, on the basis of the physician’s good faith clinical judgment, a medical emergency exists that so complicates the medical condition of a pregnant female as to necessitate the immediate abortion of her pregnancy to avert her death or for which a delay will create serious risk of substantial and irreversible impairment of a major bodily function and there is insufficient time to provide the required notice; or
      “(2) The person who is entitled to notice certifies in writing that he has been notified; or
      “(3) The pregnant minor declares, or provides information that indicates, that she is an abused or neglected child as defined in §26-8A-2 and the attending physician has reported the alleged or suspected abuse or neglect as required in accordance with [state law]. In such circumstances, the department of social services, the state’s attorney and law enforcement officers to whom the report is made or referred for investigation or litigation shall maintain the confidentiality of the fact that she has sought or obtained an abortion and shall take all necessary steps to ensure that this information is not revealed to her parents.”

         See also Webster v. Reproductive Health Services, 492 U. S. 490, 524 (1989) (O’Connor, J., concurring in part and concurring in judgment) (“[S]ome quite straightforward applications of the Missouri ban on the use of public facilities for performing abortions would be constitutional and that is enough to defeat appellees’ assertion that the ban is facially unconstitutional”). Justice Stevens’ memorandum in support of the denial of certio-rari says that the Salerno rule “has been properly ignored in subsequent cases even outside the abortion context.” Ante, at 1175. If he means by this that the rule has consistently been ignored, the statement is proved false by the eases cited here in text, where the rule was both recited and followed. (And there are other post-Salerno cases reciting and applying the rule outside the abortion context, see, e. g., Anderson v. Edwards, 514 U. S. 143, 155-156, n. 6 (1995), and Reno v. Flores, 507 U. S. 292, 301, 309 (1993).) If, on the other hand, Justice Stevens merely means that the Salerno rule has sometimes “been ignored,” though it has other times been applied, then he makes a good case for granting, rather than denying, certiorari.

       While we are in the process of adopting Professor Dorf’s revisionist view of Salerno, we could also embrace his modest proposal for what ought to replace the rule described in that case. His proposal is not, curiously enough, the regime that Justice Stevens suggests, but rather total elimination of the distinction between facial and as-applied challenges. Dorf, Facial Challenges to State and Federal Statutes, 46 Stan. L. Rev. 235, 294 (1994).


text:
    No. 95-1572.
    Allen v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Motion of Michael Allen, personal representative of the estate of Albert A. Allen, to be substituted as petitioner in place of Albert A. Allen, deceased, denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7761. No. 95-7978.
    Calhoun v. Huskisson et al., Lemon v. Johnson, Warden,
   516 U. S. 1180; and

516 U. S. 1184. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    April 30, 1996
    No. 95-928.
    Atherton et al. v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, as Receiver for City Savings, F. S. B.
   C. A. 3d Cir. [Certiorari granted, ante, p. 1133.] Writ of certio-rari dismissed as to Gordon E. Allen and Peter R. Kellogg under this Court’s Rule 46.1.


text:
    May 2, 1996
    No. A-894.
    Calderon, Warden, et al. v. California First Amendment Coalition et al.
   D. C. N. D. Cal. Application for stay pending appeal, presented to Justice O’Connor, and by her referred to the Court, denied.


text:
    May 3, 1996
    No. 95-1699.
    Ampex Corp. v. Frymire et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari dismissed under this Court’s Rule 46.1.


author: Justice Stevens,

text:
    No. 95-8836 (A-890).
    Felker v. Turpin, Warden.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice Kennedy, and by him referred to the Court, granted. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted. The parties shall submit briefs limited to the following questions: “(1) Whether Title I of the Anti-Terrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (Act), and in particular § 106(b)(3)(E), 28 U. S. C. § 2244(b)(3)(E), is an unconstitutional restriction of the jurisdiction of this Court. (2) Whether and to what extent the provisions of Title I of the Act apply to petitions for habeas corpus filed as original matters in this Court pursuant to 28 U. S. C. § 2241. (3) Whether application of the Act in this case is a suspension of the writ of habeas corpus in violation of Art. I,' § 9, cl. 2 of the Constitution.” The parties’ briefs are to be filed with the Clerk of this Court and served upon opposing counsel on or before 2 p.m., Friday, May 17, 1996. Reply briefs, if any, may be filed with the Clerk of this Court and served upon opposing counsel on or before 2 p.m., Tuesday, May 28,1996. The Solicitor General is invited to file a brief expressing the views of the United States. Briefs may be submitted in compliance with this Court’s Rule 33.2 to be replaced as soon as possible with briefs prepared under Rule 33.1. Rule 29.2 does not apply. Oral argument is set for Monday, June 3, 1996, at 10 a.m.

Justice Stevens,

with whom Justice Soutee, Justice Ginsburg, and Justice Breyer join,

dissenting.

In my opinion, it is both unnecessary and profoundly unwise for the Court to order expedited briefing of the important questions raised by the petition for certiorari and application for a writ of habeas corpus. Even if the majority were right that this petition squarely presents substantial constitutional questions about the power of Congress to limit this Court’s jurisdiction, our consideration of them surely should be undertaken with the utmost deliberation, rather than unseemly haste. Accordingly, I respectfully dissent from the entry of the foregoing order.


text:
    No. 95-8845 (A-895).
    Williams v. Calderon, Warden.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Application for stay of execution of sentence of death, presented to Justice O’Connor, and by her referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    May 13, 1996
    No. 95-1087.
    London et al. v. Concha et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari dismissed under this Court’s Rule 46.


text:
    No. 95-851.
    University of Houston et al. v. Chavez.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Seminole Tribe of Fla. v. Florida, ante, p. 44.


text:
    No. 95-7750.
    Adams v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Bailey v. United States, 516 U. S. 137 (1995).


text:
    No. 95-7831.
    Olds v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Bailey v. United States, 516 U. S. 137 (1995).


text:
    No. 95-8128.
    Carter v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Bailey v. United States, 516 U. S. 137 (1995).


text:
    No. A-733 (95-8566).
    Youngs v. Wheless, Bankruptcy Judge, United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Application for stay, addressed to Justice Stevens and referred to the Court, denied.


text:
    No. A-820.
    James v. Collins.
   Application for preliminary injunction, addressed to Justice Stevens and referred to the Court, denied.


text:
    No. D-1587.
    In re Disbarment of Genins.
    [For earlier order herein, see 515 U. S. 1185.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1655.
    In re Disbarment of Tanner.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1144.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1656.
    In re Disbarment of Markovitch.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1144.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1657.
    In re Disbarment of Dameron.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1169.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1660.
    In re Disbarment of Tighe.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1169.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1677.
    In re Disbarment of Witt.
   Ralph H. Witt, of Atlanta, Ga., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1678.
    In re Disbarment of Hirsh.
   Stuart H. Hirsh, of Los Angeles, Cal., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1679.
    In re Disbarment of Brown.
   David M. Brown, of Sherman Oaks, Cal, is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why. he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1680.
    In re Disbarment of Calvert.
   David Ross Calvert, of Englewood, Colo., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. M-61.
    No. M-62.
    Hoesterey v. City of Cathedral City et al.; and Jardine v. Brown, Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
   Motions to direct the Clerk to file petitions for writs of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. 95-853.
    M. L. B. v. S. L. J., Individually and as Next Friend of the Minor Children, S. L. J. and M. L. J., et ux.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. [Certiorari granted, ante, p. 1118.] Motion of petitioner to dispense with printing the joint appendix granted.


text:
    No. 95-865.
    United States v. Winstar Corp. et al.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. [Certiorari granted, 516 U. S. 1087.] Motion of respondent Glendale Federal Bank, FSB, for leave to file a supplemental brief after argument denied.


text:
    No. 95-1748.
    Aaron v. Public Utilities Commission of California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Motion of petitioner to expedite consideration of petition for writ of certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7587.
    No. 95-7589.
    Shieh v. Kakita et al. Shieh v. Krieger et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir.; and

C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of petitioner for reconsideration of order denying leave to proceed in forma pauperis [ante, p. 343] denied.


text:
    No. 95-7588.
    Shieh v. United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of petitioner for reconsideration of order denying leave to proceed in forma pauperis [ante, p. 343] denied.


text:
    No. 95-7693.
    Jones v. American Civil Liberties Union Foundation et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Motion of petitioner for reconsideration of order denying leave to proceed in forma pau-peris [ante, p. 1118] denied.


text:
    No. 95-8785.
    Kaczynski v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of petitioner to expedite consideration of petition for writ of certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8633.
    In re Day.
   Petition for writ of habeas corpus denied.


text:
    No. 95-8209.
    No. 95-8251.
    No. 95-8281.
    In re Williams; In re Cordova; and In re Reeves.
   Petitions for writs of manda-mas denied.


text:
    No. 95-1647.
    In re Bio-Recovery, Inc.
   Petition for writ of prohibition denied.


text:
    No. 95-1441.
    Blessing, Director, Arizona Department of Economic Security v. Freestone et al., on Behalf of Their Minor Children.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 95-1081.
    Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc., et al. v. Director, Office of Workers’ Compensation Programs, Department of Labor, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari granted limited to Questions 1 and 2 presented by the petition.


text:
    No. 95-7452.
    Lynce v. Mathis, Superintendent, Tomoka Correctional Institution, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted limited to Question 1 presented by the petition.


text:
    No. 95-847.
    Gambino v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-965.
    Stern v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1036.
    Menken et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1040.
    Alabama v. Seeley.
   Ct. Grim. App. Ala. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1075.
    Chavez v. University of Houston et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1084.
    No. 95-1496.
    Alaska v. Babbitt, Secretary of the Interior, et al.; and Alaska Federation of Natives v. United States et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 72 F. 3d 698.


text:
    No. 95-1103.
    Wapnick et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1109.
    Murdock v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1121.
    Calvo v. United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1162.
    Sumpter v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1233.
    Cost Control Marketing & Sales Management of Virginia, Inc., et al. v. Cisneros, Secretary of Housing and Urban Development.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1240.
    Campbell v. Louisiana.
   Sup. Ct. La. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1243.
    Plunk v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1246.
    Smith v. Runyon, Postmaster General.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1249.
    Chiles, Governor of Florida, et al. v. United States et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1259.
    Holmes, dba Holmes Bi-Rite Supermarket v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1266.
    Alexander v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1275.
    LeFevre et al. v. Brown, Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1288.
    All American Asphalt et al. v. Hyles et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1344.
    Chavez v. Housing Authority of the City of El Paso.
   Ct. App. Tex., 8th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1373.
    Lebron v. National Railroad Passenger Corporation (AMTRAK).
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1405.
    Lamb v. Citibank, N. A.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1408.
    Carter v. Montana Department of Transportation et al.
   Sup. Ct. Mont. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1418.
    Perego et al. v. King Instrument Corp.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1419.
    Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma v. Hoover.
   Sup. Ct. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1423.
    Cully v. St. Augustine Manor et al.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Cuyahoga County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1426.
    Estate of Hansen v. City of New Haven.
   App. Ct. Conn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1432.
    National Association of Review Appraisers & Mortgage Underwriters, Inc., et al. v. Appraisal Foundation et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1434.
    Hughes Salaried Retirees Action Committee et al. v. Administrator, Hughes Non-Bargaining Retirement Plan.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1435.
    Graven Auction Co., Inc., et al. v. Fink, Trustee.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1437.
    Smith v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1452.
    Singer v. Sheriff, Fulton County, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1456.
    Sparky’s Waterfront Saloon, Inc. v. Cosmopolitan, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1459.
    Irons v. Karceski et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1461.
    Petitte Brothers Mining Co., Inc., et al. v. Connors, Trustee, United Mine Workers of America 1950 Pension Plan, et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1462.
    St. Louis County, Missouri v. Kornblum.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1463.
    Thomason v. Prince George’s County, Maryland.
   Ct. Sp. App. Md. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1464.
    Hazen v. Cooper et al.
   Ct. App. Tex., 14th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1465.
    Village of Depew v. Gummo.
   C.' A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1470.
    Central States, Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Fund v. Sherwin-Williams Co.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1471.
    Motley v. Marathon Oil Co.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1473.
    Praxair, Inc. v. Florida Power & Light Co. et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1474.
    New Mexico Department of Human Services et al. v. Joseph A. et al., by Their Next Friend, Wolfe, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1479.
    Wherehouse Entertainment, Inc., et al. v. McMahan & Co. et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1486.
    Holmes v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1502.
    Fox v. Hinson, Administrator, Federal Aviation Administration.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1518.
    Florida v. Frazier.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 4th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1519.
    Young v. Office of Personnel Management.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1520.
    Arizona et al. v. Hook et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1536.
    Florida v. Dupont.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 2d Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1541.
    Hennessey v. Blalack et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1545.
    Sutton v. Gibson et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1550.
    Weinberg v. Management Company Entertainment Group et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1570.
    Fried v. Pennsylvania.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1577.
    Conley et al. v. Eugene.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1580.
    Smith et ux. v. New Hampshire Board of Licensure for Land Surveyors et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1597.
    Smith v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1600.
    CenTra, Inc., et al. v. Chandler Insurance Co., Ltd., et al.
   Sup. Ct. Neb. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1604.
    Kletzelman v. Capistrano Unified School District et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1606.
    Bennett v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1617.
    Thomas v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1618.
    Gowin v. Dade County Auto Tag Office, Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1620.
    Shrader v. North Carolina et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1627.
    Ramos v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1632.
    Soares v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1645.
    Jackson v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1652.
    Dyson v. City of Pawtucket et al.
   Sup. Ct. R. I. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1655.
    Tate v. United States.
   C. A. Armed Forces. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1660.
    Nordvik et ux. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1663.
    Catalfo v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1667.
    Baker et ux. v. Internal Revenue Service.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-6992.
    Morrow v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7262.
    Jackson v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7317.
    Hooper v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7434.
    Mitchell v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7436.
    Jackson v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7505.
    Davis v. Mississippi.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7621.
    Wolfe v. Montana Department of Corrections and Human Services.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7720.
    Williams v. Love, Superintendent, State Correctional Institution at Huntingdon, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7728.
    DeBarr v. Nevada.
   Sup. Ct. Nev. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7777.
    Morris v. King, Director, Office of Personnel Management, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7801.
    Ponder v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7863.
    Pryce v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7886.
    Hawkins v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7968.
    Kailey v. Norton, Attorney General of Colorado, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8146.
    Moon v. Thomas, Warden.
   Super. Ct. Butts County, Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8149.
    Lowe v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8152.
    Mulazim v. Nuckles.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8158.
    Cotner v. Oklahoma et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8166.
    House v. Tennessee.
   Sup. Ct. Tenn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8189.
    Wheeler v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8192.
    Oden v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8196.
    Willis v. Bell, Rosenberg & Hughes et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8197.
    Rashi v. Conley et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8198.
    Stephen v. Hewitt et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8199.
    Hanus et vir v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. et al.
   Ct. App. Neb. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8202.
    Harvey v. Hamill et al.
   Sup. Ct. Del. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8213.
    Tedder v. Johnson, Warden.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8214.
    Riker v. Nevada.
   Sup. Ct. Nev. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8215.
    Roberts v. Hanks, Superintendent, Wabash Valley Correctional Institute.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8216.
    Wesley v. Jenkins, Chief of Police, Odessa, Texas, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8217.
    Boyd v. North Carolina.
   Super. Ct. N. C., Surry County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8219.
    Taylor v. Hanks, Superintendent, Wabash Valley Correctional Institute.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8221.
    Hoyett v. Jones, Commissioner, Alabama Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8223.
    Dwyer v. Sparks.
   Sup. Ct. Colo. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8226.
    In re Bethea.
   Ct. Common Pleas of Dauphin County, Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8227.
    Igbo v. Church of Jesus Christ of Latterday Saints et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8228.
    Melancon v. Rader, Warden.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8230.
    Jeffress v. Suter, Clerk, Supreme Court of the United States.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8232.
    Nunez v. Costello, Superintendent, Midstate Correctional Facility, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8233.
    Lancour v. Moore, Director, South Carolina Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8236.
    Jones v. Washington, Director, Illinois Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8239.
    Sprankle v. Sprankle.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 2d Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8240.
    Johnson-Bey v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8243.
    Bell v. Brookshire, Sheriff, Ector County, Texas, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8247.
    Craig v. Montana.
   Sup. Ct. Mont. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8249.
    Roberson v. Suarez Corp. et al.
   Ct. App. Tex., 12th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8252.
    Brown v. United States Congress et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8254.
    Tafoya v. Zavaras, Executive Director, Colorado Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8255.
    Thompson v. New Jersey et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8256.
    Tedder et vir v. Pace et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8259.
    Olenick v. New York Telephone et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8260.
    Paster v. Tensas Basin Levee District.
   Ct. App. La., 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8268.
    Luken v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8275.
    Windelberg v. Thompson, Warden.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8278.
    Smith v. Nuth, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8285.
    Shabazz v. Oklahoma.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8289.
    Thomas v. Evans.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8290.
    Yeoman v. Dilley et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8293.
    Stevens v. City of Lincoln, Arkansas.
   Sup. Ct. Ark. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8294.
    Pickle v. Dutton, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8298.
    Dawson v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8306.
    Harvey v. Washington, Director, Illinois Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8315.
    Jeter v. Dixon et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8324.
    Swendra v. Woodford, Judge, Jefferson County District Court, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8341.
    Polur v. Grievance Committee for the Southern District of New York.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8352.
    Augustin v. Florida.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 2d Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8360.
    Dilworth v. Illinois.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8363.
    Hosier v. Wolff et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8364.
    Emery v. Plantier, Superintendent, New Jersey Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8392.
    Robinson v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8422.
    Lyman v. Hopkins, Warden.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8424.
    Linton v. Alaska.
   Ct. App. Alaska. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8428.
    Malloy v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8434.
    Usher v. Duncan, Warden.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8447.
    Darden v. Barnett, Superintendent, Eastern Correctional Institution.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8463.
    Washington v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8464.
    Trippet v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8473.
    Neal v. Cooper, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8476.
    Price v. McDade, Superintendent, Harnett Correctional Institution, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8477.
    Walls v. North Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. N. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8485.
    Palacios v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8488.
    West v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8491.
    Dukes v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8493.
    DeYoung et ux. v. Lorentz, Judge, District Court of Kansas, 31st District.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8495.
    Hoyett v. Jones, Commissioner, Alabama Department of Corrections, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8496.
    D’Amario v. Pine, Attorney General of Rhode Island.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8497.
    Herrera v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8506.
    Ables v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8507.
    Fields v. Thompson, Warden.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8508.
    Hinojosa v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8512.
    Ivy v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8513.
    Jones v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8514.
    Bounds v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8527.
    Green v. Morton, Administrator, New Jersey State Prison, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8529.
    Gallipeau v. Rhode Island.
   Sup. Ct, R. I. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8530.
    Virta v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8531.
    Fauls v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8541.
    Ayala-Allende v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8542.
    Smith et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8543.
    McIntyre v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8544.
    Rangel-Ibarra v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8548.
    Kissane v. Trippett, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8557.
    Simmons v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8558.
    Vickaryous v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8561.
    Diaz v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    James v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8571.
    Vahosky v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8572.
    Silks v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8574.
    Bradley v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8579.
    McCutcheon v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8581.
    Flynn v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8582.
    Hairston v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8584.
    Collins v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8587.
    Allen v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8593.
    Moore v. Virginia.
   Sup. Ct. Va. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8595.
    Brewer v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8600.
    Barron v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8602.
    Roggy v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8604.
    Saulsberry v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8606.
    Ross v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8609.
    Kelley v. New York.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 2d Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8610.
    Little v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8614.
    Hickok v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8615.
    Dunn v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8619.
    Grant v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8621.
    Coto v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8626.
    Cole v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8628.
    Frost v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8629.
    Abdul Hakeem v. New York.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 1st Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8643.
    Giles v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8644.
    Duquette v. Wisconsin.
   Ct. App. Wis. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8646.
    Yarnell v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8648.
    Justice v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8650.
    Atkinson v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


author: Chief Justice Rehnquist,

text:
    No. 95-879.
    City of Edmond et al. v. Robinson et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Chief Justice Rehnquist,

with whom Justice Scalia and Justice Thomas join,

dissenting.

I dissent from the denial of certiorari. Petitioners identify a division between the Courts of Appeals about whether a city violates the First Amendment when its seal includes as one component a religious symbol, in particular a Latin cross. Compare 68 F. 3d 1226 (CA10 1995) and Harris v. City of Zion, 927 F. 2d 1401 (CA7 1991) (finding an Establishment Clause violation), with Murray v. City of Austin, 947 F. 2d 147 (CA5 1991) (finding no violation), cert. denied sub nom. Derden v. McNeel, 508 U. S. 960 (1992). Their petition also suggests — though it does not expressly raise — a serious question about respondents’ standing to press their First Amendment claim.

The Court of Appeals observed that neither party disputed respondents’ standing, but correctly observed that “[standing” was always necessary. 68 F. 3d, at 1229, n. 6. Last Term, we pointed out that “[t]he question of standing is not subject to waiver: ‘We are required to address the issue even if the courts below have not passed on it, and even if the parties fail to raise the issue before us.’ ” United States v. Hays, 515 U. S. 737, 742 (1995) (quoting FW/PBS, Inc. v. Dallas, 493 U. S. 215, 230-231 (1990)) (citation omitted).

The Court of Appeals noted respondents had standing under its decision in Foremaster v. City of St. George, 882 F. 2d 1485, 1490 (CA10 1989), cert. denied, 495 U. S. 910 (1990). 68 F. 3d, at 1229, n. 6. In Foremaster, the Court of Appeals inquired whether a plaintiff challenging a city logo containing a depiction of the local Mormon temple alleged a direct injury when he alleged that he was “confronted by the logo on a daily basis.” 882 F. 2d, at 1491. Reviewing our decision in Valley Forge Christian College v. Americans United for Separation of Church and State, Inc., 454 U. S. 464 (1982), the court held that “an allegation of direct personal contact with the offensive action alone” alleged a direct injury, and that it was not necessary for a plaintiff to allege also that “he has altered his behavior as a consequence” of the offensive action. 882 F. 2d, at 1490.

The only factual statement as to what injury respondents in the present case might have suffered is that “[pjlaintiffs are non-Christians who live or work in Edmond.” 68 F. 3d, at 1228. Mere presence in the city, without further allegations as to injury, quite clearly fails to meet the standing requirements laid down in cases such as Valley Forge. There, we said:

“Although respondents claim that the Constitution has been violated, they claim nothing else. They fail to identify any personal injury suffered by them as a consequence of the alleged constitutional error, other than the psychological consequence presumably produced by observation of conduct with which one disagrees. That is not an injury sufficient to confer standing under Art. Ill . . . .” 454 U. S., at 485.

The Foremaster court acknowledged that there was disagreement among the Courts of Appeals about whether Valley Forge allowed standing to a plaintiff alleging direct injury by being exposed to a state symbol that offends his beliefs. 882 F. 2d, at 1490; see also Freedom From Religion v. Zielke, 845 F. 2d 1463 (CA7 1988) (finding this allegation insufficient); Saladin v. City of Milledgeville, 812 F. 2d 687 (CA11 1987); Hawley v. City of Cleveland, 778 F. 2d 736 (CA6 1985) (finding it sufficient), cert. denied, 475 U. S. 1047 (1986). Because there are serious arguments on both sides of this question, the Courts of Appeals have divided on the issue, and the issue determines the reach of federal courts’ power of judicial review of state actions, I would take this opportunity to consider it.

For these reasons, I would grant the petition for certiorari and request the parties to address the additional question whether respondents showed an injury in fact sufficient to give them standing to raise their claim of violation of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment.


text:
    No. 95-1273.
    No. 95-1468.
    Rockefeller et al. v. Powers et al.; and Powers et al. v. Rockefeller et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Motion of William Powers et al. to defer consideration of petitions for writs of certiorari denied. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 74 F. 3d 1367.


text:
    No. 95-1284.
    Norwest Corp., fka Northwest Bancorporation, et al. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Breyer took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 95-1438.
    Curry v. E-Systems, Inc.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Breyer took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 95-1407.
    Maryland v. Gadson.
   Ct. App. Md. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1431.
    Midwest Motor Express, Inc., et al. v. Central States, Southeast and Southwest Areas Pension Fund.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Motion of Regular Common Carrier Conference for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1467.
    Pillsbury Co., Inc. v. Port of Corpus Christi Authority.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Motion of Port of Houston Authority for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1556 (A-825).
    Califorrniaa v. Clinton, President of the United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Application for stay, addressed to Justice Breyer and referred to the Court, denied. Certiorari before judgment denied.


text:
    No. 95-1566.
    Crane Vessel Titan 5, in Rem and Its Claimant, Far Eastern Marine Exploration Drilling Co. v. Entron, Ltd., et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Motions of Chernomor-neftegaz and Maritime Law Association of the United States for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7782.
    Lewis v. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Motion of petitioner to amend petition for writ of certiorari denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1031.
    No. 95-1213.
    No. 95-1252.
    No. 95-6375.
    No. 95-7083.
    No. 95-7222.
    No. 95-7252.
    No. 95-7322.
    No. 95-7373.
    No. 95-7417.
    No. 95-7464.
    No. 95-7469.
    No. 95-7478.
    No. 95-7496.
    No. 95-7522.
    Ghent v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission et al., Deloatch v. Hughes, Mates v. Occupational Safety and Health Administration et al., Pourzandvakil v. Humphrey, Attorney General of Minnesota, et al., Blackston v. Reno, Attorney General of the United States, et al., Gorman v. McAninch, Warden, Lawson v. Chater, Commissioner of Social Security, Echols v. American Fork Investors et al., Guest v. Illinois, Arteaga v. United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Strowski v. Bank of America, Gumm v. Ohio, Rodriguez v. Wolf, Judge, District Court of Appeal of Florida, First District, et al., Covillion v. New Hampshire et al., Watkis v. West, Secretary of the Army, et al., In re Lorenz, Smiddy v. Singletary, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections, Nuss v. Office of Personnel Management, Bennett v. Texas, Ramey v. Ashland Oil, Inc., Sherman v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, Rodriguez v. Florida, Johnson v. Welby et al., Smith v. Richardson, Commissioner of Internal Revenue, Jackson v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division, Sudranski v. Brown, Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Stephens v. Cain, Warden, Guzman Zayas v. Brown, Secretary of Veterans Affairs, Wallace v. Smith, Warden, et al., Bergmann v. McCaughtry, Warden, Tamakloe v. United States,
   516 U. S. 1172;

ante, p. 1120;

ante, p. 1105;

516 U. S. 1051;

516 U. S. 1125;

ante, p. 1106;

ante, p. 1106;

516 U. S. 1161;

516 U. S. 1176;

516 U. S. 1177;

ante, p. 1106;

516 U. S. 1177;

516 U. S. 1178;

516 U. S. 1178;

516 U. S. 1149;

No. 95-7538.

No. 95-7564.

No. 95-7605.

No. 95-7638.

No. 95-7658.

No. 95-7712.

No. 95-7714.

No. 95-7722.

No. 95-7772.

No. 95-7785.

No. 95-7789.

No. 95-7878.

No. 95-7881.

No. 95-7934.

No. 95-8120.

No. 95-8164.

516 U. S. 1170;

ante, p. 1107;

516 U. S. 1163;

ante, p. 1109;

ante, p. 1109;

516 U. S. 1180;

ante, p. 1123;

516 U. S. 1180;

516 U. S. 1180;

ante, p. 1124;

ante, p. 1110;

ante, p. 1143;

ante, p. 1124;

516 U. S. 1183;

ante, p. 1126; and

ante, p. 1127. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    No. 95-7637.
    McDonald v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division,
   516 U. S. 1179. Motion for leave to file petition for rehearing denied.


text:
    May 14, 1996
    No. 95-638.
    Bankers Trust Co. v. Procter & Gamble Co.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari dismissed under this Court’s Rule 46.1.


text:
    May 20, 1996
    No. 94-1247.
    Hospitality Investments of Philadelphia, Inc. v. Pennsylvania State Police, Bureau of Liquor Control Enforcement; Nighttime Concepts, Inc. v. Pennsylvania State Police, Bureau of Liquor Control Enforcement; and Hospitality Investments of Philadelphia, Inc. v. Pennsylvania State Police, Bureau of Liquor Control Enforcement.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Certiorari granted, judgments vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of kb Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island, ante, p. 484.


text:
    No. 95-685.
    Anheuser-Busch, Inc., et al. v. Schmoke, Mayor of Baltimore City, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of kk Liquormart, Inc. v. Rhode Island, ante, p. 484.


text:
    No. 95-1531.
    St. Ledger et al. v. Kentucky Revenue Cabinet et al.
   Sup. Ct. Ky. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Fulton Corp. v. Faulkner, 516 U. S. 325 (1996).


text:
    No. A-874.
    Troni et ux. v. NYNEX et al.
   Bkrtcy. Ct. S. D. N. Y. Application for stay, addressed to The Chief Justice and referred to the Court, denied.


text:
    No. A-892.
    In re Troni et ux.
   Bkrtcy. Ct. S. D. N. Y. Application for stay, addressed to The Chief Justice and referred to the Court, denied.


text:
    No. D-1643.
    In re Disbarment of Stanley.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1107.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1653.
    In re Disbarment of Bastine.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1108.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1658.
    In re Disbarment of Bruckner.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1169.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1661.
    In re Disbarment of Reeves.
    [For earlier order herein, see 516 U. S. 1170.]
   Disbarment entered.


text:
    No. D-1681.
    In re Disbarment of Biederman.
   David Arnold Biederman, of Clifton, N. J., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. M-60.
    Morgan v. United States.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file petition for writ of certiorari out of time denied.


text:
    No. 84,
    Orig.
    United States v. Alaska.
    [For earlier order herein, see, e. g., 474 U. S. 1044.]
   Report of the Special Master received and ordered filed. Exceptions to the Report, with supporting briefs, not to exceed 75 pages, may be filed within 75 days. Replies, if any, not to exceed 75 pages, may be filed within 60 days after receipt of the other party’s exceptions. Sur-reply briefs, if any, not to exceed 30 pages, may be filed within 30 days after receipt of the other party’s reply.


text:
    No. 95-8730.
    No. 95-8754.
    No. 95-8804.
    In re Greene; In re Randall; and In re Cayton.
   Petitions for writs of habeas corpus denied.


text:
    No. 95-8479.
    In re Tucker.
   Petition for writ of mandamus denied.


text:
    No. 95-8625.
    In re Crowder.
   Petition for writ of mandamus and/or prohibition denied.


text:
    No. 95-1425.
    No. 95-1460.
    Abrams et al. v. Johnson et al.; and United States v. Johnson et al.
   Appeals from D. C. S. D. Ga. Probable jurisdiction noted, cases consolidated, and a total of one hour allotted for oral argument. Reported below: 922 F. Supp. 1556.


text:
    No. 95-946.
    Baldassaro v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1129.
    Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1145.
    Diaz v. Department of the Air Force.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1155.
    Schusterman et ux. v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1293.
    Target Sportswear, Inc. v. United States.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1308.
    V-1 Oil Co., Inc., dba V-1 Propane v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1319.
    Hughes & Luce et al. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1400.
    Carter et al. v. Helmsley-Spear, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1484.
    Amphitheater Public Schools et al. v. Aitken.
   Sup. Ct. Ariz. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1489.
    Goddard v. Kansas Director of Taxation on Assessment of Marijuana and Controlled Substances Tax.
   Ct. App. Kan. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1494.
    Stanley v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1495.
    Berkeley v. Home Insurance Co.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1501.
    King v. Clayton County Commission et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1505.
    Bass, Surviving Spouse of Bass, Deceased, et al. v. National Super Markets, Inc.
   Sup. Ct. Mo. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1507.
    Iadarola v. New York (two judgments).
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 2d Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1510.
    Cassity, dba C & B Trucking v. Kentucky Transportation Cabinet.
   Sup. Ct. Ky. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1511.
    Kemmerer et al. v. ICI Americas, Inc.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1513.
    Martinez v. Oklahoma.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1515.
    Gerasolo et al. v. Adherence Group, Inc.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1522.
    De Los Santos v. Cambridge Tankers, Inc.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1526.
    Springer v. City of Bend.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1527.
    Haney, by Next Friend, Guardian of His Property, Haney, et al. v. City of Cumming et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1529.
    Voigt v. Savell et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1535.
    Newton v. Board to Determine Fitness of Bar Applicants, Supreme Court of Georgia.
   Sup. Ct. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1537.
    Brobston v. Insulation Corporation of America.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1543.
    Campbell v. Texas.
   Ct. App. Tex., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1551.
    Hinchliffe et ux. v. Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1552.
    Aronson v. Brown, Secretary of Veterans Affairs, et al.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1555.
    Connor v. Flynn.
   Sup. Ct. N. J. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1561.
    Kobayashi v. Nakamura.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1565.
    Carson v. Waterfront Commission of New York Harbor.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1578.
    Kelly v. Penson.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1584.
    CSX Transportation, Inc. v. Castro.
   Ct. Sp. App. Md. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1587.
    Moretti v. City of Hackensack.
   Super. Ct. N. J., App. Div. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1589.
    Hall et ux. v. Indiana Department of Revenue et al.
   Sup. Ct. Ind. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1607.
    Willis v. Georgia Department of Public Safety et al.
   Ct. App. Ga. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1616.
    Eames et ux. v. Small Business Administration.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1629.
    Clement v. Florida Bar.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1657.
    Davis v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1658.
    Bartley v. Thompson, Governor of Wisconsin.
   Ct. App. Wis. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1664.
    Heller v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1678.
    Schutterle v. United States et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1692.
    Shaw v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1704.
    Gray v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1706.
    Sever v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1713.
    Gaylor et al. v. United States et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1718.
    Claassen v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-6304.
    Marshall v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7022.
    Capers et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7236.
    Lee v. Pennsylvania.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7952.
    Amey v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-7962.
    Pope v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8082.
    Cudal v. Office of Personnel Management.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8138.
    Paje v. Office of Personnel Management.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8143.
    Sandoval v. Office of Personnel Management.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8153.
    Burt v. Illinois.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8224.
    De Guzman v. Office of Personnel Management.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8282.
    Aleali v. Merkle, Warden.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8283.
    Crawley v. Pennsylvania.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8297.
    Faunce v. White, Warden.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8302.
    Helms v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8303.
    Derryberry v. Cain, Warden.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8305.
    Fabian v. Shade.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8307.
    Funai v. Frisoli.
   Super. Ct. Mass., Middlesex County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8309.
    Jedrzejewski v. Menacker.
   Ct. Sp. App. Md. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8314.
    Jacques v. Rhode Island.
   Sup. Ct. R. I. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8316.
    Stitt v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8317.
    McNelton v. Nevada.
   Sup. Ct. Nev. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8320.
    Buc-Hanan v. California.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8322.
    Treadway v. California et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8327.
    McGeshick v. Choucair et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8329.
    Simpson, as Next Friend to Tony L. et al. v. Childers et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8332.
    Miller v. AmSouth Bancorporation, N. A.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8334.
    Shabazz v. Parsons et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8336.
    Vrba v. Milton S. Katz & Associates et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8337.
    Madden v. Savage et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8338.
    Bruellisauer v. Colorado.
   Ct. App. Colo. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8340.
    Miller v. Oklahoma.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8342.
    Phillips v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8344.
    Britt v. Wells et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8349.
    Smith v. Pittsburgh Police Department et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8351.
    Thornbrugh v. Brett, Judge, United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8354.
    Crooms v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8356.
    Gold v. Morrison-Knudsen Co. et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8358.
    Depperman v. Local 1199, Drug, Hospital and Health Care Employees Union, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8362.
    Hernandez v. Van Oss, Judge, Superior Court of California, San Joaquin County, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8379.
    Weber v. Wood, Commissioner, Minnesota Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8382.
    Tracy v. Chief of the National Guard Bureau et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8385.
    Brooks v. Wichita Falls State Hospital.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8393.
    Mills v. Singletary, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8416.
    Nave v. Bowersox, Superintendent, Potosi Correctional Center.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8421.
    Jackson v. Ohio.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Cuyahoga County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8435.
    Wornum v. Massachusetts.
   Sup. Jud. Ct. Mass. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8468.
    Cooper v. Connecticut.
   App. Ct. Conn. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8505.
    Abbott v. Oregon.
   Ct. App. Ore. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8528.
    Slaton v. Miller, Superintendent, Correctional Industrial Complex, Pendleton, Indiana.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8554.
    McClelland v. Johnson, Director, Texas Department of Criminal Justice, Institutional Division.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8605.
    Sanchez v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8616.
    Delgado v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8617.
    Gonzalez v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8618.
    David v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8624.
    Abdullah v. Groose, Superintendent, Jefferson City Correctional Center.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8627.
    Hope v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8635.
    Schwarz v. Patent and Trademark Office.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8661.
    Howard v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8663.
    Mattos v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8667.
    Ciapponi v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8670.
    Truesdale v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8673.
    Huffman v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8679.
    Rourke v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8683.
    Burks v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8684.
    Chambers v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8685.
    Shaffer v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8689.
    Butterfly v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8695.
    Smith v. Kuhlmann, Superintendent, Sullivan Correctional Facility.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8708.
    Malone v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-8715.
    Aguirre v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1244.
    Ruvalcaba v. City of Los Angeles et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of Police Misconduct Lawyers Referral Service for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1329.
    Mock et ux. v. Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Resources.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Motions of Washington Legal Foundation et al. and Pacific Legal Foundation for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1514.
    California et al. v. Federal Communications Commission et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied. Justice O’Connor took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 95-887.
    No. 95-1123.
    No. 95-1296.
    No. 95-7824.
    No. 95-7868.
    No. 95-8003.
    Waymer v. United States, Godby v. Electrolux Corp., Talley v. Flathead Valley Community College et al., Banks v. California et al., Burley v. McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Co., Sartin v. Virginia et al.,
   ante, p. 1119;

ante, p. 1120;

ante, p. 1121;

ante, p. 1142;

ante, p. 1143; and

ante, p. 1125. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    May 28, 1996
    No. 94-1838.
    OXY USA Inc. v. Continental Trend Resources, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and ease remanded for further consideration in light of BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore, ante, p. 559.


text:
    No. 95-771.
    Ford Motor Co. v. Sperau et al.
   Sup. Ct. Ala. Motion of Business Council of Alabama for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore, ante, p. 559.


text:
    No. 95-1072.
    Combustion Engineering, Inc. v. Johansen et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore, ante, p. 559.


text:
    No. 95-1414.
    Apache Corp. v. Moore et al.
   Ct. App. Tex., 7th Dist. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of BMW of North America, Inc. v. Gore, ante, p. 559.


text:
    No. 95-8396.
    Peeples v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted, judgment vacated, and case remanded for further consideration in light of Bailey v. United States, 516 U. S. 137 (1995).


text:
    No. D-1682.
    In re Disbarment of Bramhall.
   Richard Arthur Bramhall, Jr., of York, Pa., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1683.
    In re Disbarment of Clinard.
   William Faulkner Clinard, of Germantown, Ohio, is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1684.
    In re Disbarment of Bloomfield.
   Gerald R. Bloomfield, of Albuquerque, N. M., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1685.
    In re Disbarment of Reilly.
   Paul G. Reilly, Jr., of New York, N. Y., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. D-1686.
    In re Disbarment of Jones.
   Lester V. Jones, of Hydes, Md., is suspended from the practice of law in this Court, and a rule will issue, returnable within 40 days, requiring him to show cause why he should not be disbarred from the practice of law in this Court.


text:
    No. M-63.
    Levario v. State Bar of Texas et al.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file jurisdictional statement and for transfer denied.


text:
    No. 95-728.
    Warner-Jenkinson Co., Inc. v. Hilton Davis Chemical Co.
   C. A. Fed. Cir. [Certiorari granted, 516 U. S. 1145.] Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and for divided argument granted to be divided as follows: 25 minutes, petitioner; 25 minutes, respondent; 10 minutes, the Solicitor General.


text:
    No. 95-992.
    Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., et al. v. Federal Communications Commission et al.
   D. C. D. C. [Probable jurisdiction noted, 516 U. S. 1110.] Motion of the Solicitor General for divided argument granted.


text:
    No. 95-1340.
    Hughes Aircraft Co. v. United States ex rel. Schumer.
   C. A. 9th Cir. The Solicitor General is invited to file a brief in this case expressing the views of the United States.


text:
    No. 95-7894.
    No. 95-7895.
    Shieh v. Hathaway et al. Shieh v. Ebershoff et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir.; and

C. A. 9th Cir. Motions of petitioner for reconsideration of order denying leave to proceed in forma pauperis [ante, p. 1132] denied.


text:
    No. 95-8836 (A-890).
    Felker v. Turpin, Warden.
   C. A. 11th Cir. [Certiorari granted, ante, p. 1182.] Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and for divided argument granted.


text:
    No. 95-8796.
    In re Sisk.
   Petition for writ of habeas corpus denied.


text:
    No. 95-8387.
    No. 95-8453.
    In re Spellman; and In re James.
   Petitions for writs of mandamus denied.


text:
    No. 95-8448.
    No. 95-8454.
    In re Flynn; and In re Maxwell.
   Petitions for writs of prohibition denied.


text:
    No. 95-1181.
    Dunn et al. v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 95-1608.
    McKenna, Director, Ramsey County Department of Property Records and Revenue, et al. v. Twin Cities Area New Party.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 95-1598.
    Young et al. v. Harper.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 94-1230.
    Fraidin v. Weitzman et al.
   Ct. Sp. App. Md. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1337.
    Liberty Mutual Insurance Co. v. Chemstar, Inc., et al. (three judgments).
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 94-1890.
    Honda Motor Co., Ltd., et al. v. Oberg.
   Sup. Ct. Ore. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-433.
    Wolfberg et ux. v. Greenberg.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-563.
    Construction and Laborers’ Union Local No. 324 et al. v. Murray.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 95-1297.
    Pierce v. Iowa-Missouri Conference of Seventh-day Adventists.
   Sup. Ct. Iowa. Certiorari denied.