source: Caselaw Access Project

author: Mr. Justice McLEAN

license: Public Domain

text:
    Richard Charles Downes, Plaintiff in error, v. William S. Scott, Defendant.
    The second section of the act of the 29th of May, 1830, providing, that “ if two or more persons be settled Upon the same quarter-section-, the same may be divided between the two first actual settlers, if by a north and south, or east and west, ’line the .settlement or improvement of each can. be included in a half-quarter-section,'” refere only to tracts of land containing one hundred and sixty acres, and does not opérate upon one containing only one hundred and thirty-three acres. Therefore,‘where tenants in common of a tract of one hundred and thirty-three acres applied to a State court for a partition under the above act, the judgment of that court cannot be reviewed by this court, when brought up by writ of error pnder the twenty-fifth section of the judiciary act, because the right asserted does nbt arise' under an act of Congress.
    ■The writ of error must be dismissed.
    ~ This-case- was brought up from the Ninth Judicial District Court of the State of Louisiana,, by a writ of error issued under the twenty-fifth section of the judiciary act. ' . .

      Mr,- Crittenden, for the defendant in error,
    moved to dismiss the writ for the following reasons. Because, —

      1st. Said writ of error is directed to the “ Judge of the Ninth Judicial District Cóíiift AT the State of Louisiana,” when in truth no writ of error lies from this to that court.

      2d. Said writ Is forvalleged error in a judgment of the said Distfict Court of Louisiana, when in truth this court hqs no jurisdiction-to judge of or correct said error if it exists, and ho power té reverse said judgment upon writ of error.,
    3d. That the record filed in . this casé, or what purports to be such, is not duly certified, or legally authenticated and verified, — the certificate of “ John T. Mason, clerk of the Ninth District Court, Parish of Madisón, La.,1” being no'evidence of the truth or verity of any record which this court has power to judge of on writ of error.
    4th. The subject-matter of said suit and judgment, and the parties thereto, were proper matters and subjects of the jurisdiction of the courts .of . the State of Louisiana, and there is .nothing therein to give this court any cognizance or right to. revise-or reversé said judgment, and the same is final and conclusive.
    The motion was argued by Mr.. Crittenden, for the-defendant in error, and Mr. Mason (Attorney-General), for the plaintiff in error.
   Mr. Justice McLEAN

delivered the opinion of the court. -

This writ of error brings before us á judgment of the Supreme Court of Louisiana, under the twenty-fifth section of the judiciary act of 1789.

On the 15th of June, 1837, a patent was issued ,by the United States to Elijah Evans and Levi Blakeley for one hundred and thirty-three acres and eight-hundredths of an acre, being lots numbered one and three of section six in township sixteen of range thirteen east, in* the district of lands subject to Salé at Ouachita, Louisiana. The patentees having settled upon the above tract, ¡and each having made improvements thereon, claimed a preemptive right under the act.of the 29th of May, 1830¡- The second section of that act provides, — “ That if two or more persons be settled upon the same quarter-section, the same may be divided between. the two first actual settlers, if by a north and south, or east and west, line the settlement or improvement of each can be included in a half-quarter-section.”

The plaintiff applied, by petition, to the Ninth District Court of Louisiana for a partition of the above tract, which, it seems, was submitted-to a jury, and on the trial of which “the judge charged the jury that the act of Congress , of May 29th, 1830, entitled * An act to giant preemption rights to settlers on the public lands,’ was not applicable to the case before the court and jury ; that the said act had no binding force as to the dividing or partitioning lands granted to settlers on the same quarter-section or fractional quarter-section after issuing a patent therefor, but that such division and partition must be in conformity with the laws of Louisiana and the principles of equity and justice.” To whieh^charge an exception was taken, and on which an appeal was prosecuted to the Supreme Cohrt of the. Stated which affirmed the judgment of the District ilourt.

How the parties to this stiit became interested. in the tract of land above patented does not appear from the record. In the petition and answer, they are represented as owners of the premises, and they are treated as such by the District and Supreme Courts of Louisiana.

The second section of the preemption law above cited refers tea quarter of a section, which contains one hundred and sixty acres ; and as the tract of which partition is demanded is less than a quarter, it does not come within the law. Had application been made for a division of the tract to the proper department of the government, before the emanation of the patent, it could not, as we suppose, have "been considered as coming within the act, so as to authorize a partition and a patent to each of the claimants. A patent having been issued to the claimants for the tract jointly, as tenants in common, and they having conveyed the land, which has become vested in the parties to this record, it is now. a question on what principle a division shall be made.

. If the parties entitled to the preemptive right might have applied for a partition under the act of Congress, but preferred taking the patent as issued, it is difficult to perceive how the present claimants could go behind the patent, in the assertion of a right which was waived by those with whom it originated. The patent vested in the patentees a joint interest- as tenants in common, and the same interest was conveyed through their grantees down to the present owners. k It does not appear, and the court cannot presume, that any greater or different right was conveyed than that which is shown on the face of the patent.

In this view, we think the decision of the Louisiana court was correct. It directed a partition on equitable principles, under the local law, reserving to each claimant his improvements'. And it appears from the facts in the case, that this/scould not be done by straight lines running north and south or east and west.

As the right asserted in this case by the plaintiff ’does not arise under an act of Congress, this court has no jurisdiction by the twenty-fifth section.

There seems to have been no allowance of the writ of error, and it was- directed to the. District instead of the Supreme Court of Louisiana. As this court- can only revise the judgment of the highest court in, the State which can exercise jurisdiction in the case, the writ of error should be directed to such court; unless the record shall have been, transmitted to an inferior tribunal. But, independently-of these irregularities, we think that this court ¡láve no jurisdiction under the act of Congress-; and on this ground this suiFis dismissed.