text:
    No. 81-6361.
    Wiggins v. New Mexico Supreme Court Clerk et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


source: Caselaw Access Project

license: Public Domain

text:
    No. 81-6453.
    Mulder v. Iowa.
   Sup. Ct. Iowa. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6473.
    Chaka v. DeRobertis et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6480.
    Fields v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6497.
    Lewis v. Mississippi.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6518.
    Steerman v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6533.
    Aldridge v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6534.
    Cleveland v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6572.
    Williamson v. Florida Department of Corrections.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6581.
    Simms v. Patalinghug et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6582.
    Guichard v. Smith, Superintendent, Attica Correctional Facility, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6583.
    Lippert v. Illinois.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6597.
    Droke v. Goldsby, Clerk of General Sessions Court of Shelby County, Tennessee, et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6612.
    Arnold v. Ohio.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Lucas County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6621.
    Anderson v. Washington.
   Sup. Ct. Wash. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6628.
    Flenory v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6636.
    Williams v. Bradley et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6639.
    Marshall v. Coombe, Superintendent, Eastern New York Correctional Facility, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6659.
    No. 81-6899.
    Taylor v. United States; and Simmons v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 685 F. 2d 426.


text:
    No. 81-6669.
    Frias et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6674.
    Morgan v. Wyrick, Warden.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6681.
    Addicks v. Cupp, Superintendent, Oregon State Penitentiary.
   Ct. App. Ore. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6683.
    Tavassoli et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6687.
    Renfro v. Washington.
   Sup. Ct. Wash. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6689.
    Sturm v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6703.
    Weaver v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 4th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6706.
    Gatewood v. Oklahoma.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6707.
    Dickinson v. Vaughn.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6714.
    Barnett v. Alford, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6716.
    Lurz v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6717.
    Coda v. Marks et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6720.
    Park v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6722.
    Ebersole v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6723.
    Williams v. Yeager.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6726.
    Madrid v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6727.
    Chatfield v. Ricketts et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6733.
    Williams v. Touchton.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6734.
    Holden v. Commission Against Discrimination of Massachusetts et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6735.
    Battle v. Sutton.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6736.
    Donnell v. General Motors Corp. et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6739.
    Madon v. Long Island University et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6740.
    Holland v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6742.
    Demps v. Wainwright, Secretary, Florida Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6744.
    Wilson v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6745.
    Walton v. Jago.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6747.
    Thomas v. Arkansas.
   Sup. Ct. Ark. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6751.
    Lynn v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6753.
    Mungo v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6758.
    Cruz v. Hammock, Chairman of the New York State Department of Parole.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6759.
    Smith v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6761.
    Hutchison v. Ohio.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Montgomery County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6762.
    Gleicher v. Turner.
   Ct. App. D. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6763.
    Gleicher v. Hawkins.
   Ct. App. D. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6764.
    Gleicher v. Hinckley.
   Ct. App. D. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6766.
    Sudranski v. Veterans Administration.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6770.
    Fields v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6772.
    Howland v. Fairman, Warden.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6774.
    Freeman v. Louisiana.
   Sup. Ct. La. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6775.
    Jackson v. Kansas.
   Sup. Ct. Kan. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6778.
    Jerry v. Pennsylvania.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6781.
    Kaufman v. Children’s Home Society of New Jersey et al.
   Sup. Ct. N. J. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6784.
    Williams v. New Mexico.
   Sup. Ct. N. M. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6785.
    Doss v. Brewer, Warden.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6788.
    Brown v. Leavitt, Sheriff, Norfolk City Jail.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6789.
    Ford v. U-Haul Company of Los Angeles et al.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6790.
    Parker et al. v. Parratt, Warden, Nebraska Penal and Correctional Complex.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6791.
    Merrill v. Grounds, Judge of the Superior Court, Maricopa County, Arizona, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6792.
    Smith v. Estelle.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6794.
    Chagra v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6795.
    Jones v. Maryland.
   Ct. Sp. App. Md. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6796.
    Wilson v. Brown, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6798.
    Bostic v. Garrison et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6799.
    Jackson v. Seedco’s LBDO.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6800.
    Chaka v. Welch et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6801.
    Hawkins v. New York.
   Ct. App. N. Y. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6802.
    Pigee v. Israel, Superintendent, Waupun Correctional Institution, Waupun, Wisconsin.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6805.
    Thomas v. New Jersey.
   Super. Ct. N. J., App. Div. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6808.
    Carroll v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6809.
    Malloy v. New York.
   Ct. App. N. Y. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6811.
    Willey v. Michigan.
   Ct. App. Mich. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6814.
    Florian v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6815.
    Carter v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6816.
    Harrison v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6817.
    Dickerson v. Florida.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 2d Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6819.
    Albert v. Pennsylvania.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6822.
    Lorentzen v. Trustees of Boston College et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6824.
    Omernick v. LaRocque et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6826.
    Tyler et al. v. Bond, Governor of Missouri, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6829.
    Blount v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6830.
    Gadomski v. Common Pleas Court of Pennsylvania et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6832.
    Johnson v. Iowa.
   Sup. Ct. Iowa. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6833.
    Hazeem v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6834.
    Sanford v. Lippman, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6835.
    Veteto v. Payne.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6836.
    Wade v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6837.
    John v. Government of the Virgin Islands.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6840.
    Swinney v. Estelle, Director, Texas Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6841.
    Young v. New York.
   Ct. App. N. Y. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6842.
    Parez v. Hogan et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6843.
    Smith et al. v. Sowders, Superintendent, Kentucky State Penitentiary.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6846.
    Buie v. New York.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 2d Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6847.
    Harris v. Lezak.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6848.
    Balogh v. Hilton et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6850.
    Buthy v. New York.
   Ct. App. N. Y. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6852.
    Posey v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6855.
    Martinez v. Harris, Superintendent, Green Haven Correctional Facility, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6856.
    Contreras v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6859.
    Arellanes v. Hadden et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6860.
    Boag v. Chief of Police of Portland, Oregon, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6863.
    White v. Ohio.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Portage County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6864.
    Edwards v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 3d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6865.
    Reiter v. Crosier, Judge, 18th District Court, Johnson County, Texas.
   Sup. Ct. Tex. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6866.
    Settle et al. v. Espiefs, Trustee.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6867.
    Strader v. Bunch, Assistant Solicitor, Horry County, South Carolina, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6869.
    Thrailkill v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6874.
    Tunsil v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6876.
    Blue Thunder v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6877.
    Echols v. Anderson.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6879.
    Newton v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6880.
    Manypenny v. Arizona.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6884.
    Martin v. Sample et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6885.
    Martiato v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6886.
    Waskiewicz v. Shields, Chairman, Virginia State Parole Board.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6887.
    Lambdin v. Superintendent, California Correctional Institution.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6888.
    Fultz v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6890.
    Hedrick v. Allsbrook et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6892.
    Cooper v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6893.
    Long v. Balkcom, Warden, Georgia State Prison.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6895.
    Page v. Carlson et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6896.
    Long v. Sowders.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6897.
    Beals v. Keller.
   App. Ct. Ill., 4th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6900.
    Johnson v. United States District Court for the Northern District of Florida et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6901.
    Delic v. Hayward, Sheriff, et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6902.
    Clayborn v. Kentucky.
   Ct. App. Ky. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6906.
    Morgan v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6907.
    McLain v. Harris.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6910.
    Haliburton v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6911.
    Dammons v. Stephenson et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6913.
    Bernhard v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6914.
    Drucker v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6915.
    Weigang v. Smith, Attorney General.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6918.
    Knott v. Mabry, Director, Arkansas Department of Correction.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6919.
    Gunn v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6920.
    Fields v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6921.
    Barrow v. Louisiana.
   Sup. Ct. La. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6923.
    Wrenn v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6924.
    Syrovatka et al. v. Nebraska et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6925.
    McCulley et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6926.
    Martin v. Kiser.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6927.
    Severa v. Respond, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6928.
    Foster v. Greer, Warden, Menard Correctional Center.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6930.
    Din v. Long Island Lighting Co.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6931.
    Boles v. Guilford Technical Institute.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6932.
    Evans v. Washington.
   Ct. App. Wash. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6933.
    Humphries v. City of Chesapeake.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6934.
    Reyes-Perez v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6935.
    Malhotra v. Dow Chemical Co.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6939.
    Cornish v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6940.
    Feistman et al. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6941.
    Johanson et al. v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 1st App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6943.
    Erickson et ux. v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6944.
    Gibson v. New York.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 2d Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6945.
    McMillan v. Osborne et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6946.
    Wright v. Garrison, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6949.
    Walker v. United States.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6950.
    Adkins v. Bordenkircher, Superintendent, West Virginia State Penitentiary.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6951.
    Mintz v. Block, Sheriff, et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6954.
    Marsh v. Michigan.
   Ct. App. Mich. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6956.
    Welsh v. St. Joseph Hospital, Inc.
   Sup. Ct. N. M. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6957.
    Penix v. Taylor.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6958.
    Matthews v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6959.
    Williams v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6960.
    Johanning v. New Jersey.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6961.
    Johnson v. Baucum et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6962.
    Garza v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6963.
    Broadwell v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6964.
    Scott v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6965.
    Miller v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6967.
    Brown v. United States.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6969.
    Lace et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6971.
    Roberts v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6972.
    Pinero v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6973.
    Moussallie v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6975.
    Rudman v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6977.
    Vann v. Duckworth, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir.' Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6979.
    Shapiro v. United States Veterans Administration.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6980.
    Rubin v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6981.
    McKeown v. Pigg et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6982.
    Meddows v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 5th Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6984.
    Vinson v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6985.
    Ledbetter v. Regan, Secretary of the Treasury.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6986.
    Brown v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6987.
    Church v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6988.
    Buckmore v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6989.
    Montoya v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6990.
    Williford v. Estelle, Director, Texas Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6991.
    Goss v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6992.
    Kirby v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6993.
    Arredondo v. Estelle.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6995.
    Bhojwani v. Illinois State Board of Law Examiners.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6996.
    Velez v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6999.
    Comer v. Parratt, Warden.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-7000.
    Roe v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-7001.
    Wexler v. Lower Moreland Township Police Department et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-7002.
    Thompson-El v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-7003.
    Miller v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-7004.
    Conrad et al. v. United States.
   Ct. Cl. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-2.
    E. J. T. Construction Co., Inc., et al. v. United States ex rel. Billows Electric Co., Inc.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-6.
    Kypta v. McDonald’s Corp. et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-7.
    Heimbach, Orange County Executive, et al. v. Hudson Valley Freedom Theatre, Inc.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-9.
    No. 82-202.
    Saadon v. United States; and Ben-Natan v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 697 F. 2d 300.


text:
    No. 82-10.
    Cincinnati Milacron Chemicals, Inc., et al. v. Blankenship et al.; Minster Machine Co. v. Knitz; and St. Vincent Hospital & Medical Center et al. v. Zak et al.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 69 Ohio St. 2d 608, 433 N. E. 2d 572 (first case); 69 Ohio St. 2d 460, 432 N. E. 2d 814 (second case); 69 Ohio St. 2d 471, 433 N. E. 2d 162 (third case).


text:
    No. 82-12.
    Chocallo, Administrative Law Judge v. Prokop, Chairwoman, Merit Systems Protection Board, et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Petition for certiorari and certiorari before judgment denied.


text:
    No. 82-13.
    Randolph v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-14.
    Shirley et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-16.
    Ball v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-17.
    Couch v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-20.
    Sanzo v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-21.
    Carswell v. Milgrim et al.
   Sup. Ct. Va. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-26.
    First State Bank of Miami v. Gotham Provision Co., Inc., et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-27.
    Marina Point, Ltd. v. Wolfson et al.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-30.
    Payne et al. v. Bobbie Brooks, Inc.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-31.
    Sabet v. American Express International Banking Corp.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-32.
    Levin v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-35.
    Reisner, dba Intermeccanica Automobili, et al. v. General Motors Corp. et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-36.
    Shields v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-37.
    Janowski et al. v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters Local No. 710 Pension Fund et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-40.
    Suncrest Environmental Resources Corp. v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-42.
    Baca et al. v. Walgreen Co.
   Sup. Ct. Kan. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-43.
    Asam v. Stanley, dba Poodle Palace, et al.
   Sup. Ct. Ala. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-44.
    Bothke v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-45.
    Miller v. Pennsylvania.
   Super. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-46.
    Catholic Bishop of Chicago v. F.E.L. Publications, Ltd.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-49.
    Federated Department Stores, Inc., dba I. Magnin v. Cancellier et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-50.
    Smith et al. v. Ahr.
   Sup. Ct. Mo. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 82-51.
    Leitch et ux. v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-58.
    Grand Faloon Tavern, Inc. v. Wicker, Chief of Cocoa Beach, Florida, Police Department, et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-64.
    Parmley v. State Bar of California et al.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-66.
    Mazaleski v. May.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 82-68.
    Swift Agricultural Chemicals Corp. v. Farmland Industries, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-69.
    Mid-America Regional Bargaining Assn. et al. v. Will County Carpenters District Council et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-70.
    Chin v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-71.
    Cochrane v. Marx et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-73.
    Craig et al. v. Barney et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-76.
    Shapiro v. Cooke, Chief Judge, Court of Appeals of New York, et al.
   Ct. App. N. Y. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 82-78.
    California v. Shirley.
   Sup. Ct. Cal. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-82.
    McKee et al. v. County of Ramsey et al.
   Sup. Ct. Minn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-83.
    Stepeny v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-85.
    Cavalier v. T. Smith & Son, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-89.
    Henry v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-90.
    Sargent v. Mayer.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 82-92.
    Piccolo v. United States.
   Ct. App. D. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-93.
    Stich v. National Transportation Safety Board et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-95.
    Nordasilla Corp. v. Norfolk Shipbuilding & Drydock Corp.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-96.
    Sinai Temple et al. v. Superior Court of California for the County of Los Angeles (Smotrich, Real Party in Interest).
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-100.
    Peat Manufacturing Co. v. National Labor Relations Board.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-102.
    Dawkins et al. v. Fenslage.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-104.
    Pension Plan of the Carpenters Pension Trust Fund for Northern California v. Brug.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-108.
    Tyler v. Hartford Fire Insurance Co. et al.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari before judgment denied.


text:
    No. 82-110.
    Orsini v. Connecticut.
   Sup. Ct. Conn. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-111.
    Provenzano v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-112.
    In re Neamon.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 82-113.
    Tutino v. New York.
   Ct. App. N. Y. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-115.
    Cervantes v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-119.
    American Laundry Press Co. et al. v. Rexrode.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-120.
    Greyhound Lines, Inc. v. Trailways, Inc., et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-123.
    Timmons v. Andrews et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-127.
    Jennings v. Arkansas.
   Sup. Ct. Ark. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-128.
    Runck et al. v. Phoenix Assurance Company of Canada et al.
   Sup. Ct. N. D. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-129.
    Dalton v. Employment Security Commission of North Carolina et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-133.
    Patel et al. v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-136.
    Ambassador College v. Geotzke et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-138.
    Howell v. Management Assistance, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-140.
    Suarez et al. v. Ohio.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Franklin County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-142.
    Newman et al. v. Tidwell, Judge, United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-143.
    Cole et al. v. Illinois.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-144.
    Harris et al. v. Research Federal Credit Union et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-147.
    Muzii v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-150.
    Retail Clerks Union Local 648 et al. v. Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation (Exxon Corp. et al., Real Parties in Interest).
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-153.
    Johnston et al. v. Nyberg et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-160.
    Jones v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-163.
    Interstate Commerce Commission v. City of Cherokee et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-165.
    Speed v. Goodner, a Minor, by her Guardian ad Litem, Hadley, et al.
   Sup. Ct. Wash. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-170.
    Fessler et ux. v. Redevelopment Authority of the City of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-171.
    Marine Terminals Corp. et al. v. Kelly.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-172.
    Tomargo v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-173.
    Washington State Charterboat Assn. v. Hoh Indian Tribe et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-176.
    Amada Enterprises, dba View Heights Convalescent Hospital, et al. v. National Labor Relations Board.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-180.
    Rasky v. Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc., aka CBS-WBBM, et al.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-182.
    Maldonado et al. v. Rodriguez et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-189.
    Warner et al. v. Sovereign News Co.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-190.
    McDermott v. Attorney General of the United States et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-199.
    Valerino v. Valerino.
   Ct. Sp. App. Md. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-203.
    No. 82-5159.
    Savoy et al. v. Massachusetts; and Aldoupolis v. Massachusetts.
   Sup. Jud. Ct. Mass. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 386 Mass. 260, 435 N. E. 2d 330.


text:
    No. 82-208.
    Kolojay v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-210.
    City of Fort Worth, Texas v. Garris.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-216.
    Mirkin v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-223.
    Cortinas v. Peoples Security Bank of Maryland et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-225.
    Manning v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-232.
    Del Rio Flying Services, Inc. v. Manje et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-244.
    Gardner v. Bradenton Herald, Inc.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-249.
    Century Forest Industries, Inc. v. DuraWood Treating Co., a Division of Roy O. Martin Lumber Co., Inc.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-255.
    Park Place, Inc. v. City of Cleveland et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-257.
    Resende v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-264.
    Graviss et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-279.
    Martin v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-285.
    Wyler et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-295.
    Plater v. United States.
   Ct. Cl. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-297.
    Melli v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-307.
    Mastrangelo v. United States Parole Commission et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-318.
    Stroom v. Carter.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-320.
    Harrington et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-321.
    Paulk v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-324.
    Collins v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-339.
    Martell v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5002.
    Walters v. Jago.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5003.
    David L. v. New York.
   Ct. App. N. Y. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5004.
    Blaine v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5005.
    Bryant v. United States (two cases).
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5006.
    Borrelli v. Cuyler et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5007.
    Brown v. Leavitt et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5008.
    Gauvain v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5009.
    Lawson v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5011.
    Jolivette v. City of Lafayette et al.
   Sup. Ct. La. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5013.
    Mazur v. New Jersey.
   Super. Ct. N. J., App. Div. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5015.
    Ward v. Ohio.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Hancock County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5017.
    Sellers v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5018.
    Williams v. United States District Court for the Western District of Tennessee.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5019.
    Beachboard v. Bell, Secretary of Education.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5021.
    Bumgardner v. Thomas et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5023.
    Perry v. New Jersey.
   Super. Ct. N. J., App. Div. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5025.
    Rosario v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5026.
    Barbee v. Ruth et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5027.
    Hudak v. Curators of the University of Missouri et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5031.
    Wilson v. Sowders et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5032.
    Peister v. United States.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5034.
    Degraffenreid v. Orr et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5035.
    Holt v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5036.
    Bryan v. U. S. Office of Personnel Management et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5037.
    Ellery v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5039.
    Stoddard v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5040.
    Gish v. Gagnon.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Summit County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5042.
    Parker et al. v. Myers et al.
   Sup. Ct. S. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5043.
    Newell v. Mizell et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5044.
    McMurry v. United States.
   Ct. Cl. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5047.
    Harris v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5048.
    Harris v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5049.
    Brawer v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5050.
    Breese v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5051.
    Judd v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5052.
    Bamond et al. v. Schweiker, Secretary of Health and Human Services.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5054.
    Ortiz v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5055.
    Morales v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5056.
    Antonelli v. Lippman et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5057.
    Fields v. Schweiker, Secretary of Health and Human Services.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5058.
    Blair v. South Carolina.
   Sup. Ct. S. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5060.
    S. D. S. v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 3d Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5061.
    Wojie v. Hutson et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5062.
    Hussein et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5063.
    Decker, Administrator v. United States et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5065.
    Mayes v. Rose, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5066.
    Dance v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5067.
    Cameron v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5068.
    Dawson et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5069.
    Stokes v. Arthur et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5070.
    Wall v. Mississippi.
   Sup. Ct. Miss. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5072.
    Hankerson et al. v. Ohio.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5075.
    Jones v. Missouri.
   Ct. App. Mo., Western Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5076.
    Borrelli v. Ciccitto et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5077.
    Borrelli v. Cavanaugh et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5078.
    Camillo v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5079.
    Lynch v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5081.
    Holsey v. Maryland Parole Commission.
   Ct. App. Md. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5091.
    Beard v. Oklahoma.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5095.
    Smith v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5097.
    Peacock v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5099.
    Eccleston v. Henderson, Superintendent, Auburn Correctional Facility, et al.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5101.
    Barbour v. Stephenson et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5103.
    Whited v. United States.
   Ct. Cl. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5106.
    Pirolli v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5107.
    Sanders v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5110.
    Glenn v. Texas.
   Ct. Crim. App. Tex. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5111.
    Brayton v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5113.
    Glenn v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 2d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5114.
    Alvarez-Rodriguez v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5117.
    Banks v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5118.
    Bringloe v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5120.
    King v. Pennsylvania.
   Sup. Ct. Pa. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5121.
    Ball v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5122.
    Haddix v. Ohio Liquor Control Commission.
   Sup. Ct. Ohio. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5123.
    Kralowec v. Prince George’s County, Maryland.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5124.
    Ferguson v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5125.
    Frezzell v. Zimmerman et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5127.
    Robinson v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5130.
    United States ex rel. Woods v. DeRobertis et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5132.
    Dickey v. California.
   App. Dept., Super. Ct. Cal., Los Angeles County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5134.
    Tomlin v. McDaniel et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5135.
    Rucker v. Regan, Secretary of the Treasury, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5138.
    Rodziewicz v. Degnan, Attorney General of New Jersey, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5140.
    Nademi v. Immigration and Naturalization Service.
   C. A. 10th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5141.
    Brawner et al. v. Mlekush et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5142.
    Drummond v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5143.
    Clark v. Chrysler Corp.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5144.
    Gornick v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5145.
    Gaines v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5149.
    Lysiak v. First Securities Insurance et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5150.
    Royster v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5151.
    Rabb v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5152.
    Nesby v. Rose, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5153.
    McLain v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5154.
    Root v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5155.
    Smith v. Franzen, Director, Illinois Department of Corrections.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5156.
    Perry v. Carlson, Director, Federal Bureau of Prisons, et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5158.
    Cobb v. Sun Papers, Inc.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5161.
    Lynn v. Austin, Warden.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5162.
    Farber v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5163.
    Braggs v. Rose, Warden, et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5164.
    Jones v. Rose, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5165.
    Barber v. Texas.
   Ct. App. Tex., 4th Sup. Jud. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5167.
    Carter v. Anderson, Warden.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5171.
    White v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5173.
    Howard-Arias v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5174.
    Crawford v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5176.
    Haefner v. County of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5178.
    Glen-Archila v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5180.
    Palmere v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5187.
    Quinones v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5189.
    Carmack v. Illinois.
   App. Ct. Ill., 3d Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5195.
    In re Marshall.
   Ct. App. D. C. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5198.
    Dillenschneider v. Samuelson, Postmaster, Brockton, Massachusetts.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5199.
    Olden v. New York.
   App. Div., Sup. Ct. N. Y., 3d Jud. Dept. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5205.
    Underwood v. Lagan.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5206.
    Gidden v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5208.
    Schafer v. United States.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5212.
    Castranova v. United States.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5219.
    Huff v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5220.
    Hunter v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5226.
    Kirk v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5227.
    Dickerson v. Johnson, Administrator, Veterans Administration, et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Cer-tiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5233.
    No. 82-5254.
    Gifford v. United States; and Gifford v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied. Reported below: 679 F. 2d 902.


text:
    No. 82-5243.
    Alexander v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5245.
    Farmer et al. v. United States.
   Ct. App. D. C. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5246.
    Livingston v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5248.
    Long v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5256.
    Davis v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5257.
    Black v. Triple U. Enterprises.
   Ct. App. Ohio, Cuyahoga County. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5258.
    Thibodeaux v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5261.
    Allen v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5267.
    Matthews v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5270.
    Sales v. Harris, Superintendent, Greenhaven Correctional Facility.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5282.
    Royster v. Ballantine Books, a Division of Random House, Inc.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5289.
    Dawson et al. v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5291.
    Genovese v. United States.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5297.
    Thomas v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5299.
    Wiley v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5303.
    Edwards v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5309.
    Lipscomb v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5310.
    James v. United States.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5316.
    Conlon v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5322.
    Attia v. Internal Revenue Service.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5327.
    Adams v. United States.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-1963.
    Citronelle-Mobile Gathering, Inc., et al. v. United States.
   Temp. Emerg. Ct. App. Certio-rari denied.

Justice O’Connor took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 81-2231.
    McLeod v. Chilton et al.
   Ct. App. Ariz. Certiorari denied.

Justice O’Connor took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 81-2015.
    Churchill Area School District v. Hoots et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Motion of Pennsylvania School Boards Association for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2022.
    Missouri et al. v. Liddell et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Motion of respondents Craton Liddell et al. for leave to proceed informa pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2040.
    Moore v. Moore.
   Super. Ct. Ga., Fulton County. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed informa pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2164.
    Bordenkircher, Superintendent, West Virginia Penitentiary v. Adkins.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed informa pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2184.
    Parratt, Warden v. Ford.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2206.
    Alabama v. Dickerson.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed informa pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2285.
    Connecticut v. Ostroski.
   Sup. Ct. Conn. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2307.
    Illinois v. Townes.
   Sup. Ct. Ill. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2309.
    Wainwright v. Roberts.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Motion of respondent for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2046.
    Schenberg et al. v. Bond, Governor of Missouri, et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Motion of New Jersey Motor Vehicle Agents Association for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.

Justice Brennan would grant certiorari.


text:
    No. 81-2088.
    Pinto v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Brennan would grant certio-rari.


text:
    No. 81-6881.
    McClain v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Brennan would grant certiorari.


text:
    No. 81-2095.
    Clancy et al. v. Jartech, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of petitioners for leave to enlarge questions presented for review denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2198.
    Chemical Manufacturers Assn. et al. v. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Powell took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 81-2226.
    Procter & Gamble Manufacturing Co. et al. v. National Labor Relations Board.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Powell took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 81-2279.
    Best et al. v. United Virginia Bank/National et al.
   Sup. Ct. Va. Certiorari denied.

Justice Powell took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 81-2211.
    McDonald v. Hamilton Electric, Inc. of Florida.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice White would grant certiorari.


text:
    No. 81-6494.
    Stawicki v. Wisconsin.
   Ct. App. Wis. Certiorari denied.

Justice White would grant certiorari.


text:
    No. 81-2215.
    H. L. Moore Drug Exchange, a Division of Levitt Industries, Inc. v. Eli Lilly & Co.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Motion of petitioners to defer consideration of the petition for writ of certiorari denied. Certiorari denied.

Justice O’Connor took no part in the consideration or decision of this motion and this petition.


text:
    No. 81-2218.
    United States ex rel. Lapin v. International Business Machines Corp.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Blackmun and Justice Stevens took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 81-2224.
    Curtis et al. v. Lewis.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Powell would grant certiorari.


text:
    No. 81-2237.
    North American Philips Consumer Electronics Corp. et al. v. Atari, Inc., et al.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice White took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 82-169.
    Cenco Inc. v. Seidman & Seidman.
   C. A. 7th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice White took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 81-2252.
    Honda Motor Co., Ltd., et al. v. Dorsey et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Motion of Product Liability Advisory Council of the Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association of the United States, Inc., for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2266.
    Turoso et al. v. Cleveland Municipal Court et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Brennan and Justice Marshall would grant the petition for writ of certiorari and vacate the convictions.


text:
    No. 81-2272.
    Happy Day, Inc., et al. v. Kentucky.
   Cir. Ct. Ky., Campbell County. Certiorari denied.

Justice Brennan and Justice Marshall would grant the petition for writ of certiorari and vacate the convictions.


text:
    No. 81-2299.
    Harry’s Hardware, Inc. v. Parsons, Superintendent of Police, et al.
   Sup. Ct. La. Certio-rari denied.

Justice Blackmun would grant certiorari.


text:
    No. 81-2322.
    Fisher v. City of Tucson.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Blackmun would grant certio-rari.


text:
    No. 81-2366.
    Figueredo et al. v. South Florida Beverage Corp.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 3d Dist. Certiorari denied.

Justice Blackmun would grant certiorari.


text:
    No. 81-2306.
    Local 66, Boston Teachers Union, AFT, AFL-CIO v. Boston School Committee et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Motions of American Federation of Teachers, AFL-CIO, A. Philip Randolph Institute, and University Centers for Rational Alternatives, Inc., for leave to file briefs as amici curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2316.
    Board of Education of the North Little Rock, Arkansas, School District, et al. v. Davis et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Rehnquist would grant certiorari for the reasons set forth in his dissent from denial of certiorari in Board of Education of North Little Rock v. Davis, 454 U. S. 904 (1981). JUSTICE Marshall took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


author: Justice Brennan and Justice Marshall,

text:
    No. 81-5634.
    No. 81-6536.
    No. 81-6711.
    No. 81-6777.
    No. 81-6861.
    No. 81-6976.
    No. 81-6978.
    No. 82-5001.
    No. 82-5020.
    No. 82-5086.
    No. 82-5088.
    No. 82-5090.
    No. 82-5093.
    No. 82-5147.
    No. 82-5170.
    No. 82-5183.
    No. 82-5188.
    Tison v. Arizona (two cases). Autry v. Texas. Hill v. Arkansas. Cape v. Zant, Superintendent, Georgia Diagnostic Classification Center. Whitley v. Virginia. Ruiz et al. v. Arkansas. Smith v. Balkcom, Warden, Georgia State Prison. Smith v. Georgia. Adams v. Florida. Messer v. Zant, Warden. Johnson v. Tennessee. Brooks v. Zant, Warden, Georgia Diagnostic and Classification Center. Mason v. Morris. Singleton v. Arkansas. Blazak v. Arizona. Evans v. MacDougall, Director of Arizona Department of Corrections, et al. Breedlove v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Ariz.;

Ct. Crim. App. Tex.;

Sup. Ct. Ark.;

Super. Ct. Ga., Butts County;

Sup. Ct. Va.;

Sup. Ct. Ark.;

C. A. 11th Cir.;

Sup. Ct. Ga.;

Sup. Ct. Fla.;

Super. Ct. Ga., Butts County;

Sup. Ct. Tenn.;

Super. Ct. Ga., Butts County;

Sup. Ct. Va.;

Sup. Ct. Ark.;

Sup. Ct. Ariz.;

C. A. 9th Cir.; and

Sup. Ct. Fla. Certiorari denied. Reported below: No. 81-5634, 129 Ariz. 526, 633 P. 2d 335 (first case), 129 Ariz. 546, 633 P. 2d 355 (second case); No. 81-6536, 626 S. W. 2d 758; No. 81-6711, 275 Ark. 71, 628 S. W. 2d 284; No. 81-6861, 223 Va. 66, 286 S. E. 2d 162; No. 81-6976, 275 Ark. 410, 630 S. W. 2d 44; No. 81-6978, 660 F. 2d 573, 671 F. 2d 858, and 677 F. 2d 20; No. 82-5001, 249 Ga. 228, 290 S. E. 2d 43; No. 82-5020, 412 So. 2d 850; No. 82-5088, 632 S. W. 2d 542; No. 82-5170, 131 Ariz. 598, 643 P. 2d 694; No. 82-5188, 413 So. 2d 1.

Justice Brennan and Justice Marshall,

dissenting.

Adhering to our views that the death penalty is in all circumstances cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U. S. 153, 227, 231 (1976), we would grant certiorari and vacate the death sentences in these cases.


text:
    No. 81-2326.
    Sovereign News Co. v. Corrigan et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Brennan and Justice Marshall would grant the petition for writ of cer-tiorari and vacate the judgment.


text:
    No. 81-2336.
    Linnas v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Motion of American East European Ethnic Conference for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2376.
    Mertz et al. v. Denny.
   Sup. Ct. Wis. It appearing the judgment below is not final, the petition for writ of certiorari is denied.


text:
    No. 81-2388.
    Canino v. United States.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Blackmun took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 82-194.
    International Rectifier Corp. v. Cohen et al.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Blackmun took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 81-6828.
    Thompson v. Scurr, Warden, Iowa State Penitentiary; and Long v. Brewer, Warden, Iowa State Penitentiary.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Brennan and Justice Marshall would grant certiorari.

Reported below: 668 F. 2d 999 (first case); 667 F. 2d 742 (second case).


author: Justice Marshall,

text:
    No. 81-6660.
    Newlon v. Missouri.
   Sup. Ct. Mo. Cer-tiorari denied.

Justice Marshall,

with whom Justice Brennan joins,

dissenting.

Adhering to my view that the death penalty is under all circumstances cruel and unusual punishment forbidden by the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments, I would vacate the judgment of the Supreme Court of Missouri insofar as it left undisturbed the death sentence imposed in this case. However, even if I believed that the death penalty could constitutionally be imposed under certain circumstances, I would grant certiorari and vacate the death sentence imposed here.

On August 4, 1978, petitioner Rayfield Newlon was indicted in St. Louis County, Mo., for capital murder. The evidence at trial was that Newlon, along with two others, Franz Williams and Walter West, agreed to rob a “convenience” store. Petitioner and Williams entered the store while West parked the car in front of the building. During the attempted robbery, the proprietor of the store, Mansfield Dave, was shot twice with a sawed-off shotgun. Newlon and Williams then ran from the store. Dave died from the gunshot wounds.

There was disputed testimony at trial as to whether New-lon or Williams fired the shots. West testified that petitioner had done the shooting, though there was considerable question whether West could possibly have seen what was happening inside the store from his position across the street. In a videotaped statement made prior to trial, Newlon said that he had gone to the back of the store to get a soda and to divert Dave’s attention, and that while he was there, Williams had fired the shots. Newlon testified at trial and again denied responsibility for the shooting.

In his argument on summation, the prosecutor stressed that even if Newlon did not fire the shots, he was still guilty of capital murder as an accomplice of Williams. The trial judge instructed the jury as follows with respect to the elements of capital murder:

“If you find and believe from the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt:
“First, that on or about April 24, 1978, in the County of St. Louis, State of Missouri, the defendant or another caused the death of Mansfield Dave by shooting him, and
“Second, that the defendant or another intended to take the life of Mansfield Dave, and
“Third, that the defendant or another knew they were practically certain to cause the death of Mansfield Dave, and
“Fourth, that the defendant or another considered taking the life of Mansfield Dave and reflected upon this matter coolly and fully before doing so, and
“Fifth, that the defendant acted either alone or knowingly and with common purpose together with another in the conduct referred to in the above paragraphs, then you will find the defendant guilty of capital murder.” (Emphasis added.)

The jury returned a guilty verdict.

A separate sentencing hearing was then held before the same jury. Under Missouri law the death penalty may be imposed for capital murder if the trier of fact finds aggravating circumstances that warrant the imposition of death and the absence of sufficient countervailing mitigating circumstances. Mo. Rev. Stat. §565.012 (1978). In this case the jury was instructed to consider two aggravating circumstances alleged by the prosecution. First, it was instructed to decide whether petitioner murdered Mansfield Dave for the purpose of receiving money. Second, it was instructed to decide whether the murder involved “depravity of mind and ... as a result thereof. . . was outrageously or wantonly horrible or inhuman.” See § 565.012(2)(7). The jury found the second alleged aggravating circumstance to be applicable and imposed the death sentence. On appeal the Missouri Supreme Court affirmed, with two judges dissenting. 627 S. W. 2d 606 (1982).

Even accepting, arguendo, the prevailing view that there are circumstances in which the death sentence may constitutionally be imposed, I would grant certiorari and set aside the sentence imposed in this case. First, the Missouri Supreme Court’s decision is inconsistent with this Court's decision last Term in Enmund v. Florida, 458 U. S. 782 (1982). Enmund established that a State may not punish by death one “who neither took life, attempted to take life, nor intended to take life.” Id., at 787. The Court observed:

“For purposes of imposing the death penalty, En-mund’s criminal culpability must be limited to his participation in the robbery, and his punishment must be tailored to his personal responsibility and moral guilt. Putting Enmund to death to avenge two killings that he did not commit and had no intention of committing or causing does not measurably contribute to the retributive end of ensuring that the criminal gets his just deserts.” Id., at 801.

We concluded that death is a disproportionate penalty for one who neither killed nor intended to kill.

The instructions in the guilt phase of petitioner’s trial were impermissible under Enmund. A reasonable juror might have understood from the instructions that petitioner could be found guilty of capital murder even if he neither killed Dave nor intended to kill him. The instructions told the jury that it could find petitioner guilty as an accomplice if it found that Williams killed Dave with the requisite intent and that petitioner knowingly assisted Williams in the attempted robbery. Given the conflict in the evidence as to who fired the shots, it is not unlikely that the jury’s verdict was in fact premised on a finding that petitioner acted as Williams’ accomplice. In any event, since the jury’s guilty verdict may have been based solely on the theory of accomplice liability, and since such liability does not provide a constitutionally sufficient basis for the death penalty, petitioner’s death sentence must be set aside. See, e. g., Stromberg v. California, 283 U. S. 359, 367-368 (1931). At the very least, the judgment upholding the sentence should be vacated and remanded for reconsideration in light of our decision in Enmund, which was announced five months after the Missouri Supreme Court’s decision in the instant case.

Even if the trial judge had properly charged in the guilt phase of the trial that petitioner could be convicted as an accomplice only if he intended to take life, imposition of the death sentence would still have been improper because the instructions in the punishment phase of the trial permitted the jury to impose the death sentence solely on the basis of the conduct and mental state of the principal. The sole aggravating circumstance found by the jury — that the murder involved “depravity of mind and ... as a result thereof . . . was outrageously or wantonly horrible or inhuman” — did not include a finding that petitioner’s conduct involved “depravity of mind.” The jury was required to find only that the murder itself involved “depravity of mind.” It is irrational to sentence an accomplice to death on the ground that the principal’s conduct evidenced “depravity of mind.” The State must prove that the accomplice himself deserves the death penalty, and it cannot do so simply by attributing to him the conduct and mental state of the principal. “[Punishment must be tailored to [the defendant’s] personal responsibility and moral guilt.” Enmund v. Florida, supra, at 801. Because the jury did not find that petitioner’s actions demonstrated that he was more culpable than any other murderer, “[t]here is no principled way to distinguish this case, in which the death penalty was imposed, from the many cases in which it was not.” Godfrey v. Georgia, 446 U. S. 420, 433 (1980) (plurality opinion).

Petitioner’s death sentence should also be set aside because the sentencing standards applied in this case completely failed to “channel the sentencer’s discretion by ‘clear and objective standards’ that provide ‘specific and detailed guidance,’ and that ‘make rationally reviewable the process for imposing a sentence of death.’” Godfrey v. Georgia, 446 U. S., at 428 (footnotes omitted). The jury in Godfrey was instructed, in the terms of the Georgia statute, that it could impose the death sentence if it found that the offense was “outrageously or wantonly vile, horrible or inhuman in that it involved torture, depravity of mind, or an aggravated battery to the victim.” Id., at 422. A plurality of this Court held that the discretion of the sentencer has to be narrowed when it is instructed to consider this alleged aggravating circumstance, since “[a] person of ordinary sensibility could fairly characterize almost every murder as ‘outrageously or wantonly vile, horrible and inhuman.’” Id., at 428-429. The plurality recognized that “[tjhere is nothing in these few words, standing alone, that implies any inherent restraint on the arbitrary and capricious infliction of the death sentence.” Id., at 428. Since the jury in Godfrey had not been given any narrowing construction of the open-ended statutory language, the plurality concluded that the death sentence had to be vacated.

The death sentence imposed here must be vacated for the same reason. The aggravating circumstance found applicable by the jury here — that the murder “involved depravity of mind and ... as a result thereof . . . was outrageously or wantonly horrible or inhuman” — is almost identical to that found applicable by the jury in Godfrey. Here, as in Godfrey, the sentencer was not provided with any narrowing construction of the statute to channel its discretion; the judge “gave the jury no guidance concerning the meaning of any of [the statute’s] terms,” id., at 429, and indeed refused a request by the jury for an explanation of the statutory language. As a result, the decision whether the defendant would live or die was similarly left to “the uncontrolled discretion of a basically uninstructed jury.” Ibid.

The Missouri Supreme Court made an unconvincing attempt to distinguish Godfrey on the ground that that decision “rests on its unique facts.” 627 S. W. 2d, at 621. The court explained at some length why, in its view, Newlon’s conduct was more culpable than Godfrey’s. Id., at 621-622. This distinction of Godfrey clearly cannot withstand scrutiny. As the plurality stated in Godfrey, a State must “define the crimes for which death may be the sentence in a way that obviates ‘standardless [sentencing] discretion.’” 446 U. S., at 428, quoting Gregg v. Georgia, 428 U. S. 153, 196, n. 47 (1976) (opinion of Stewart, Powell, and Stevens, JJ.) (brackets supplied in Godfrey). It is the discretion of the sentencer that must be channeled. In capital murder cases in the State of Missouri, only the trier of fact may impose a sentence of death; if the trier of fact imposes a life sentence or cannot agree on the appropriate sentence, the death penalty may not be imposed. Mo. Rev. Stat. § 565.006(2) (1978). Since under Missouri law the trier of fact is the sentencer, it is the discretion of the trier of fact — in this case, the jury— that must be channeled. The impermissibly vague and broad instructions given to the jury here cannot be cured by distinctions drawn by the Missouri Supreme Court on appeal. Nothing that the Missouri Supreme Court can say about its own view of the record can change the fact that the critical sentencing decision was left to “the uncontrolled discretion of a basically uninstructed jury.” Godfrey v. Georgia, supra, at 429. See Zant v. Stephens, 456 U. S. 410, 424-428 (1982) (Marshall, J., dissenting); Brooks v. Georgia, 451 U. S. 921 (1981) (Marshall, J., dissenting from denial of certiorari); Godfrey v. Georgia, supra, at 436-437 (Marshall, J., concurring in judgment).

Finally, I would grant certiorari and vacate the death sentence on the additional ground that the prosecutor’s improper arguments to the jury denied petitioner a fair sentencing proceeding. The prosecutor’s arguments at the sentencing proceeding dealt only briefly with the facts of the case as they related to the aggravating and mitigating circumstances submitted to the jury. As Judge Seiler set forth in greater detail in his dissenting opinion below, 627 S. W. 2d, at 633-634, the thrust of the prosecutor’s remarks concerned wholly extraneous matters. For example, the prosecutor argued that the death penalty should be imposed on petitioner because there was no one on death row in Missouri; because the jury would be cowardly if it imposed the lesser sentence of life without parole for 50 years; and because anything but a death sentence was forever subject to change. The prosecutor also suggested to the jury that the death penalty was appropriate solely because the defendant had been convicted of capital murder; and that the availability of post-trial procedures relieved the jury of the full responsibility for its decision.

This Court’s decisions speak of the “‘vital importance to the defendant and to the community that any decision to impose the death sentence be, and appear to be, based on reason rather than caprice or emotion.’” Beck v. Alabama, 447 U. S. 625, 637-638 (1980), quoting Gardner v. Florida, 430 U. S. 349, 357-358 (1977) (opinion of Stevens, J.). The Court has also emphasized that juries may not be given standardless discretion to impose capital sentences. See, e. g., Woodson v. North Carolina, 428 U. S. 280, 302 (1976) (opinion of Stewart, Powell, and Stevens, JJ.). In this case the trial judge allowed the prosecutor to exhort the jury to depart from the statutory sentencing standards and to impose the death sentence based on entirely improper considerations. I believe the prosecutor’s remarks, which invited an unreasoned imposition of the death sentence, so far exceeded the bounds of proper argument as to deprive petitioner of the fair sentencing proceeding guaranteed by the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments. Cf. Donnelly v. DeChristoforo, 416 U. S. 637, 645 (1974) (suggesting that prosecutorial remarks in closing argument may be sufficiently prejudicial to deprive the defendant of his constitutional right to a fair trial).

For these reasons, I dissent from the denial of certiorari.

       “Do you know how many people are on death row in this State? None. We’ve got the death penalty, but how many are there? None. Mr. New-lon will be the first one, if you put him on death row.”

       “As sure as he sits there, he doesn’t think you have the guts to do it. . . . Once again, I hope you have the courage to do that because it’s tough.”

      “[W]hat assurances do you have that he’ll be there fifty years? The legislature could change the law. All it says is no parole. It doesn’t say it can’t be commuted. There’s no assurance of that at all.”

       “[I]f somebody is guilty of capital murder, the ultimate crime, why should they get anything other than death?”

       “Now, if you say he deserves the death penalty, under the law, Judge Ruddy must review it and if he agrees, then his decision is reviewed by the Supreme Court.”


text:
    No. 81-6854.
    No. 81-6891.
    Davis v. Georgia. Jones v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Ga.; and

Sup. Ct. Fla. Certio-rari denied. Reported below: No. 81-6891, 411 So. 2d 165.

Justice Marshall,

with whom Justice Brennan joins,

dissenting.

I continue to adhere to my view that the death penalty is unconstitutional in all circumstances. I would therefore grant certiorari and vacate the death sentences on this basis alone. However, even if I believed that the death penalty could constitutionally be imposed under certain circumstances, I would grant certiorari in these cases to resolve a substantial question left open by this Court’s decision in Bullington v. Missouri, 451 U. S. 430 (1981): whether, on re-sentencing, the prosecution may be given a second chance to prove a statutory aggravating circumstance that it failed to prove in the prior capital sentencing proceeding.

We held in Bullington that the Double Jeopardy Clause is fully applicable to capital sentencing proceedings that are patterned after trials on the question of guilt or innocence. The state law considered in Bullington, like the state law in each of these cases, provides that the death penalty may be imposed only after a trier of fact finds at least one statutory aggravating circumstance. The determination by the trier of fact is made at a separate sentencing hearing at which evidence is presented in aggravation and mitigation of punishment. To obtain a death sentence the prosecution must prove the existence of one or more aggravating circumstances beyond a reasonable doubt. The trier of fact is instructed to identify the aggravating circumstance or circumstances it finds applicable. We concluded in Bullington that “[b]ecause the sentencing proceeding at [Bullington’s] first trial was like the trial on the question of guilt or innocence, the protection afforded by the Double Jeopardy Clause to one acquitted by a jury is also available to him, with respect to the death penalty, at his retrial.” Id., at 446 (footnote omitted). Like an acquittal, a decision not to impose the death penalty is absolutely final. “Having received ‘one fair opportunity to offer whatever proof it could assemble,’ the State is not entitled to another.” Ibid., quoting Burks v. United States, 437 U. S. 1, 16 (1978).

In the instant cases, petitioners were convicted of capital murder and were then sentenced to death following separate sentencing hearings authorized by state statutes similar to the one involved in Bullington. In each case, the prosecution failed to prove one or more statutory aggravating circumstances, but the trier of fact found at least one other aggravating circumstance and recommended a sentence of death. In each case the sentence was later vacated. On remand, new sentencing proceedings were held and death sentences were again imposed, but this time they were based at least in part upon aggravating circumstances that the prosecution had been unable to prove at the first sentencing proceedings. In each case, the State Supreme Court upheld the sentence, rejecting the argument that the Double Jeopardy Clause bars the imposition of the death sentence on the basis of a statutory aggravating circumstance that the prosecution previously had failed to prove.

The conclusion of the state courts in these cases is at odds with that of another state court of last resort. In State v. Silhan, 302 N. C. 223, 267-271, 275 S. E. 2d 450, 480-483 (1981), the North Carolina Supreme Court noted that the prosecution’s effort to prove the existence of statutory aggravating circumstances at the sentencing proceeding is, for double jeopardy purposes, analogous to the prosecution’s effort to prove the crimes charged at the guilt-innocence phase of a criminal trial. Moreover, the court observed, a determination that an aggravating circumstance does not apply is analogous to a determination that the accused is not guilty of an offense. Since the Double Jeopardy Clause protects a defendant from being retried for an offense of which he has been acquitted, it should also protect him from being resen-tenced to death on the basis of an aggravating circumstance that a jury previously found inapplicable. The court concluded that the Double Jeopardy Clause, therefore, precludes the State from relying, at a new sentencing hearing, on an aggravating circumstance that the jury found inapplicable at the first sentencing hearing.

In Bullington this Court made clear that double jeopardy principles which apply to determinations of guilt or innocence also apply to capital sentencing proceedings at which the prosecution must prove the existence of statutory aggravating circumstances. Bullington did not address whether and to what extent the Double Jeopardy Clause precludes a second effort to prove an aggravating circumstance that the State failed to prove in a prior proceeding. There is disagreement on this question in the state courts, and the question is sufficiently important to warrant this Court’s review.

       In No. 81-6891, the sentencing judge found that two of the aggravating circumstances alleged by the prosecution were not supported by the evidence. In No. 81-6854, the sentencing judge’s failure to submit to the jury an aggravating circumstance rested on finding that it was not supported by the evidence. Under Ga. Code Ann. §§ 17-10-30(b) and (c) (1982), the sentencing judge “shall” submit to the jury any statutory aggravating circumstance “supported” and “warranted by the evidence.” Because such a submission is required where the evidence is sufficient, see Williams v. State, 237 Ga. 399, 228 S. E. 2d 806 (1976), the trial judge’s decision not to submit a particular aggravating circumstance to the jury was necessarily based on a conclusion that there was insufficient evidence to support a jury verdict finding that circumstance to be applicable. Under the Double Jeopardy Clause, a dismissal for insufficient evidence constitutes a judgment of acquittal that bars reprosecution. Burks v. United States, 437 U. S. 1, 10-11 1978); Fong Foo v. United States, 369 U. S. 141 (1962).

       In No. 81-6854, petitioner Davis’ conviction was affirmed by the Supreme Court of Georgia, but his death sentence was vacated because of the trial court’s failure to make clear to the jury that it might in its discretion recommend a life sentence even if it found the existence of a statutory aggravating circumstance. 240 Ga. 763, 243 S. E. 2d 12 (1978). In No. 81-6891, the Supreme Court of Florida reversed petitioner Jones’ conviction because of the trial court’s error in denying the defense’s motion for a psychiatric examination to determine Jones’ sanity at the time of the alleged offense. 362 So. 2d 1334 (1978).


text:
    No. 82-67.
    Chapman v. Cardarelli et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Certiorari denied.

Justice Brennan and Justice Marshall would grant the petition for writ of certiorari and vacate the conviction.


text:
    No. 82-106.
    Glen Corp. et al. v. O.C. Associates et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Motion of Continental Mortgage Investors, Debtor, for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-125.
    Chancellor et al. v. Superior Court of California for the County of Orange (Baker, Real Party in Interest).
   Ct. App. Cal., 4th App. Dist. Motion of respondent Mark Jay Baker for leave to proceed in forma pauperis granted. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-200.
    Widgery v. United States.
   C. A. 8th Cir. Motion of petitioner to defer consideration of the petition for writ of certiorari denied. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5096.
    Quince v. Florida.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. Cer-tiorari denied.

Justice Marshall,

with whom Justice Brennan joins,

dissenting.

Adhering to my view that capital punishment is unconstitutional under all circumstances, I would grant certiorari and vacate the death sentence on this basis alone. However, even if I believed that the death penalty could constitutionally be imposed under certain circumstances, I would grant certiorari because the decision below undermines a critical premise of this Court’s conclusion that Florida’s capital sentencing procedures adequately guard against the “arbitrary or capricious” imposition of death sentences. Proffitt v. Florida, 428 U. S. 242, 253 (1976) (opinion of Stewart, Powell, and Stevens, JJ.).

Petitioner pleaded guilty to burglary and felony murder in the first degree. As part of the plea bargain, petitioner waived his right to a sentencing recommendation by a jury and agreed that the sentence would be determined solely by the trial judge. After conducting a sentencing hearing, the judge found three aggravating circumstances and one mitigating circumstance. The judge found as aggravating circumstances that the murder was heinous, that it was committed for pecuniary gain, and that it was committed during the commission of a rape. He found as a mitigating circumstance that “[t]he capacity of the defendant to appreciate the criminality of his conduct or to conform his conduct to the requirements of law was substantially impaired.” Fla. Stat. §921.141(6)(f) (1981). The judge concluded, however, that this mitigating circumstance was “not entitled to a great deal of weight,” and was outweighed by the aggravating circumstances. Accordingly, he imposed the death sentence. Petitioner appealed to the Florida Supreme Court, contending that the trial court erred in giving too little weight to the mitigating circumstance.

In its decision affirming the death sentence, the Florida Supreme Court declined to make an independent evaluation of the evidence concerning aggravating and mitigating circumstances. The court explained that its statutory duty to review death sentences does not require it to make such an evaluation:

‘“Our sole concern on evidentiary matters is to determine whether there was sufficient competent evidence in the record from which the judge . . . could properly find the presence of appropriate aggravating or mitigating circumstances. If the findings of aggravating and mitigating circumstances are so supported, . . . and if the death sentence is not disproportionate to others properly sustainable under the statute, the trial court’s sentence must be sustained even though, had we been triers and weighers of fact, we might have reached a different result in an independent evaluation.’” 414 So. 2d 185, 187 (1982), quoting Brown v. Wainwright, 392 So. 2d 1327, 1331 (Fla.) (footnote omitted), cert. denied, 454 U. S. 1000 (1981).

Applying its deferential standard of review, the court affirmed the death sentence on the ground that “[t]he trial judge was not unreasonable in failing to give great weight” to petitioner’s diminished capacity. 414 So. 2d, at 187. In the court’s view it was significant that “[t]he trial judge clearly did not ignore every aspect of the medical testimony as the judge did in Huckaby v. State, 343 So. 2d 291 (Fla.), cert. denied, 434 U. S. 920 .. . (1977).” Ibid.

The decision below undermines a fundamental premise of this Court’s decision in Proffitt v. Florida upholding Florida’s death penalty statute. The Florida statute, which was enacted in response to Furman v. Georgia, 408 U. S. 238 (1972), provides for automatic review by the Florida Supreme Court of all death sentences. Fla. Stat. §921.141(4) (1981). In rejecting a constitutional challenge to the statute, this Court assumed in Proffitt that the Florida Supreme Court’s obligation to review death sentences encompasses two functions. First, death sentences must be reviewed “to ensure that similar results are reached in similar cases.” 428 U. S., at 258 (opinion of Stewart, Powell, and Stevens, JJ.); see also id., at 251, 253 (same). In addition,

“the evidence of the aggravating and mitigating circumstances is reviewed and reweighed by the Supreme Court of Florida ‘to determine independently whether the imposition of the ultimate penalty is warranted.’ Songer v. State, 322 So. 2d 481, 484 (1975). See also Sullivan v. State, 303 So. 2d 632, 637 (1974).” Id., at 253 (same) (emphasis added).

On the basis of this understanding of the Florida Supreme Court’s duty to review death sentences, this Court concluded that the risk of “arbitrary or capricious” imposition of death sentences was “minimized by Florida’s appellate review system.” Ibid. The Florida Supreme Court subsequently confirmed this Court’s understanding of the standard of review when it stated that its “responsibility [is] to evaluate anew the aggravating and mitigating circumstances of the case to determine whether the punishment is appropriate.” Harvard v. State, 375 So. 2d 833, 834 (1977) (emphasis added), cert. denied, 441 U. S. 956 (1979).

This is no longer a correct statement of Florida law. The decision below indicates that the Florida Supreme Court now employs a far more restricted standard of review in capital cases. So long as “sufficient competent evidence,” 414 So. 2d, at 187, supports the death sentence, the Florida Supreme Court will uphold the sentence even if its “independent evaluation” would “have reached a different result.” Ibid.

In light of the Florida Supreme Court’s abandonment of its previously recognized duty to make an independent determination of whether a death sentence is warranted, the constitutionality of the Florida death penalty statute should be reappraised by this Court. It is simply no longer the case that “evidence of the aggravating and mitigating circumstances is reviewed and reweighed by the Supreme Court of Florida ‘to determine independently whether the imposition of the ultimate penalty is warranted.’” 428 U. S., at 253 (opinion of Stewart, Powell, and Stevens, JJ.) (citation omitted). Therefore, even if I believed that the death penalty could constitutionally be imposed under certain conditions, I would grant certiorari to decide whether Florida’s death penalty statute, as reinterpreted by the Florida Supreme Court, “serves to assure that sentences of death will not be ‘wantonly5 or ‘freakishly’ imposed.” Id., at 260, quoting Furman v. Georgia, supra, at 310 (Stewart, J., concurring).

       Since the statute does not specify the standard of review, the Court relied in Proffitt on Florida Supreme Court decisions interpreting and applying the mandatory review provision.

       There can be little doubt that the joint opinion of Justices Stewart, Powell, and Stevens placed particular emphasis on the independent evi-dentiary review performed by the Florida Supreme Court. The opinion stresses that the Florida Supreme Court “has not hesitated to vacate a death sentence when it has determined that the sentence should not have been imposed.” 428 U. S., at 253. In one of the eases cited in support of this assertion, Halliwell v. State, 323 So. 2d 557, 561 (1975), the Florida Supreme Court stated: “As required by statute, we have weighed both the aggravating and the mitigating circumstances as shown in the record, and we conclude that the death penalty is not warranted.” (Emphasis added.)


text:
    No. 81-202.
    National Association for the Advancement of Colored People et al. v. Claiborne Hardware Co. et al.,
   458 U. S. 886. Motion for leave to file petition for rehearing denied.

Justice Marshall took no part in the consideration or decision of this motion.


text:
    No. 81-5036.
    Rogers v. New York,
   454 U. S. 898. Motion for leave to file petition for rehearing denied.


text:
    No. 81-1882.
    Town of Chino Valley et al. v. City of Prescott,
   457 U. S. 1101. Petition for rehearing denied.

Justice O’Connor took no part in the consideration or decision of this petition.


text:
    No. 80-1798.
    No. 80-1808.
    No. 81-91.
    No. 80-2100.
    No. 80-2134.
    No. 81-395.
    Woelke & Romero Framing, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board et al., Pacific Northwest Chapter of the Associated Builders & Contractors, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board et al., Oregon-Columbia Chapter, Associated General Contractors of America, Inc. v. National Labor Relations Board et al., Rogers et al. v. Lodge et al., Foremost Insurance Co. et al. v. Richardson et al., United Steelworkers of America, AFL-CIO-CLC v. Sadlowski et al.,
   456 U. S. 645;

456 U. S. 645;

456 U. S. 645;

458 U. S. 613;

457 U. S. 668; and

457 U. S. 102. Petitions for rehearing denied.


text:
    October 12, 1982
    No. 82-240.
    Theoharous v. Deer Run Shores Property Owners Assn., Inc.
   Appeal from Super. Ct. Conn., Small Claims Sess., dismissed for want of jurisdiction. Treating the papers whereon the appeal was taken as a petition for writ of certiorari, certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5204.
    Wayland v. Registry of Deeds, Salem, et al.
   Appeal from C. A. 1st Cir. dismissed for want of jurisdiction. Treating the papers whereon the appeal was taken as a petition for writ of certiorari, certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-245.
    Jalifi v. Industrial Commission of Arizona et al.
   Appeal from Ct. App. Ariz. dismissed for want of substantial federal question.

Justice White would note probable jurisdiction and set case for oral argument.


text:
    No. 82-288.
    Kleiner et al. v. Sanderson et al.
   Appeal from Sup. Ct. Mich, dismissed for want of substantial federal question.

Justice Blackmun and Justice Stevens would note probable jurisdiction and set case for oral argument.


author: Justice O’Connor,

text:
    No. 81-6782.
    Mack v. Oklahoma.
   Ct. Crim. App. Okla. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and certiorari granted. Judgment vacated and case remanded for further consideration in light of United States v. Johnson, 457 U. S. 537 (1982).

Justice O’Connor,

with whom Justice Rehnquist joins,

dissenting.

By its action today, the Court vacates the judgment of the state court and remands this case in light of United States v. Johnson, 457 U. S. 537 (1982). Because I believe that Johnson is not applicable to the present case, I respectfully dissent.

The petitioner in this case was convicted in Oklahoma state court of robbery with a firearm, Okla. Stat., Tit. 21, §801 (1981). The petitioner did not testify at trial, and his trial counsel orally requested a jury instruction cautioning the jury to draw no inference from petitioner’s failure to testify at trial. The instruction was not given. While petitioner’s direct appeal to the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals was pending, this Court announced its decision in Carter v. Kentucky, 450 U. S. 288 (1981). In Carter, we held that a failure to give a requested instruction on a defendant’s failure to testify is a violation of the defendant’s Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination, made applicable to the States by the Fourteenth Amendment. See Malloy v. Hogan, 378 U. S. 1, 6 (1964). The Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals determined that Carter was not to be given retroactive effect. The petitioner now argues that our recent decision in United States v. Johnson, supra, requires that the Oklahoma judgment be vacated.

In Johnson, we were faced with deciding whether Payton v. New York, 445 U. S. 573 (1980), was to be applied retroactively to a defendant whose appeal was pending when Payton was announced. The majority in Johnson decided, as a general proposition, that “a decision of this Court construing the Fourth Amendment is to be applied retroactively to all convictions that were not yet final at the time the decision was rendered.” 457 U. S., at 562. The Court’s opinion in Johnson stated that it was intended to “leave undisturbed our precedents in other areas” and “expressed] no view on the retroactive application of decisions construing any constitutional provision other than the Fourth Amendment.” Ibid, (footnote omitted). The constitutional violation in this case involves the Fifth Amendment privilege against self-incrimination, which was not covered by the Court’s holding in Johnson.

I would not extend our holding in United States v. Johnson to cases arising under the Fifth Amendment without plenary review and full consideration of the appropriate principles. The court below will be understandably confused by the Court’s action in vacating the judgment, and remanding to determine the applicability of a decision that by its explicit terms is restricted to the Fourth Amendment.

I respectfully dissent.


text:
    No.-.
    Hull v. City of Duncanville.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file the petition for writ of certiorari denied.


text:
    No.-.
    Oklahoma v. Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railroad Co.
   Motion to direct the Clerk to file the petition for writ of certiorari denied.


text:
    No. A-281.
    Filipas et al. v. Lemons.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Application for farther extension of time within which to file a petition for writ of certiorari, presented to Justice O’Con-nor, and by her referred to the Court, is granted and the time for filing a petition for writ of certiorari is extended to and including November 26, 1982.


text:
    No. A-283.
    Mashpee Tribe et al. v. Watt, Secretary of the Interior, et al.
   D. C. Mass. Application for stay, addressed to Justice Marshall and referred to the Court, denied.


text:
    No. A-294.
    McDonald v. Braniff Airways, Inc., et al.
   Bkrtcy. Ct. N. D. Tex. Application for stay, addressed to Justice Brennan and referred to the Court, denied.


text:
    No. 81-802.
    City of Lockhart v. United States et al.
   D. C. D. C. [Probable jurisdiction noted, 455 U. S. 987.] Motion of the Solicitor General for divided argument denied.


text:
    No. 81-1314.
    W. R. Grace & Co. v. Local Union 759, International Union of the United Rubber, Cork, Linoleum & Plastic Workers of America.
   C. A. 5th Cir. [Certiorari granted, 458 U. S. 1105.] Motion of the Solicitor General for leave to participate in oral argument as amicus curiae and for divided argument granted.


text:
    No. 81-1636.
    Florida v. Brady et al.
   Sup. Ct. Fla. [Certiorari granted, 456 U. S. 988.] Motion of Western Growers Association for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted.


text:
    No. 81-2101.
    Pennhurst State School and Hospital et al. v. Halderman et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. [Certiorari granted, 457 U. S. 1131.] Motion of respondents Halderman et al. to dismiss the writ of certiorari as improvidently granted is denied.


text:
    No. 82-227.
    No. 82-282.
    Providence Journal Co. v. Home Placement Service, Inc., et al. McCain et al. v. Lybrand et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir.; and

D. C. S. C. The Solicitor General is invited to file briefs in these cases expressing the views of the United States.


text:
    No. 82-287.
    Arizona et al. v. Ash Grove Cement Co. et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Motion of petitioners to defer consideration of the petition for writ of certiorari granted. Motion of respondents for leave to file typewritten supplemental brief in opposition to petition for writ of certiorari denied. Justice O’Connor took no part in the consideration or decision of these motions.


text:
    No. 82-392.
    Monex International, Ltd., et al. v. Commodity Futures Trading Commission et al.
   C. A. 6th Cir. Motion of petitioners for simultaneous consideration of this case with No. 82-24, Federal Trade Commission v. Francis Ford, Inc., denied.


text:
    No. 82-5419.
    No. 82-5420.
    In re Conrad et al.; and In re Conrad et al.
   Petitions for writs of habeas corpus denied.


text:
    No. 82-88.
    In re Rice.
   Petition for writ of mandamus denied.


text:
    No. 82-5104.
    In re Robinson.
   Petition for writ of mandamus and/or certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-5240.
    No. 82-5264.
    In re Demos; and In re Sims.
   Petitions for writs of mandamus and/or prohibition denied.


text:
    No. 82-11.
    Mennonite Board of Missions v. Adams.
   Appeal from Ct. App. Ind. Probable jurisdiction noted.


text:
    No. 81-1843.
    Illinois v. Andreas.
   App. Ct. Ill., 1st Dist. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 81-2169.
    Haring, Lieutenant, Arlington County Police Department, et al. v. Prosise.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 82-52.
    Arizona Governing Committee for Tax Deferred Annuity and Deferred Compensation Plans et al. v. Norris.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 82-256.
    Michigan v. Long.
   Sup. Ct. Mich. Cer-tiorari granted.


text:
    No. 81-2245.
    No. 81-2276.
    No. 82-38.
    Nevada v. United States et al.; Truckee-Carson Irrigation District v. United States et al.; and Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe of Indians v. Truckee-Carson Irrigation District et al.
   C. A. 9th Cir. Certiorari granted, cases consolidated, and a total of one hour allotted for oral argument. Reported below: 649 F. 2d 1286 and 666 F. 2d 351.


text:
    No. 81-1985.
    Edward J. DeBartolo Corp. v. National Labor Relations Board et al.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Motion of American Retail Federation for leave to file a brief as amicus curiae granted. Certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 82-34.
    No. 82-226.
    American Paper Institute, Inc. v. American Electric Power Service Corp. et al.; and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission v. American Electric Power Service Corp. et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari granted, cases consolidated, and a total of one hour allotted for oral argument.

Justice O’Connor took no part in the consideration or decision of these petitions.

Reported below: 219 U. S. App. D. C. 1, 675 F. 2d 1226.


text:
    No. 81-6756.
    Tuten v. United States.
   Ct. App. D. C. Motion of petitioner for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and certiorari granted.


text:
    No. 81-1784.
    American Cyanamid Co. v. Oil, Chemical & Atomic Workers International Union et al.
   C. A. D. C. Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2331.
    Pennsylvania et al. v. Delaware Valley Citizens’ Council for Clean Air et al.
   C. A. 3d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2371.
    Amis v. Internal Revenue Service et al.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2384.
    General Longshore Workers, ILA, Locals 1418 et al. v. Bentz, Acting Regional Director of the Fifteenth Region of the National Labor Relations Board, et al.
   C. A. 5th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-2391.
    Knapp v. United States.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6462.
    Lopez v. Florida Parole and Probation Commission.
   Dist. Ct. App. Fla., 1st Dist. Certio-rari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6812.
    Hydaburg Cooperative Assn. et al. v. United States.
   Ct. Cl. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6851.
    Garrett v. Missouri.
   Sup. Ct. Mo. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6868.
    Platshorn v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 81-6936.
    Pinson v. California.
   Ct. App. Cal., 3d App. Dist. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-54.
    McCabe v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   C. A. 2d Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-57.
    Hobson v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-59.
    Brock v. United States.
   C. A. 11th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-72.
    Wilkinson v. United States.
   C. A. 4th Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-74.
    Antelman v. DeCataldo, Revenue Agent, et al.
   C. A. 1st Cir. Certiorari denied.


text:
    No. 82-79.
    D’Ambrosio v. Board of Education of the Warren Hills Regional School District.
   Super. Ct. N. J., App. Div. Certiorari denied.