text:
User:Aya/Wikibooks/An analysis of wiki-based communication

An analysis of wiki-based communication

This is just an attempt to shift the more generalized areas of A critique of Wikibooks into a separate document. The word 'wiki' in the title should be considered synonymous with 'MediaWiki'. I may include other wiki systems over time.

Abstract
MediaWiki is a recent and popular implementation of the 'mind-map' concept. I've seen this as far back at the late 1980s, designed for use either as a personal database, or a means of explaining language. The success of the internet means this can now be done collaboratively with people from all over the world, but this introduces new problems.

With a single user editing the whole thing, they can use whatever terminology they desire, but when working with such systems collaboratively, shared language must be agreed upon. This is, in effect, the system-wide NPOV policy, which is arguably the only policy you really need. The effect of applying this policy to the definitions of words and concepts you might find in Wikipedia, you end up having no choice but to agreed to shared language.

Q&A

 * What are the problems with the use of language?

 * Obvious things like the existence of many incompatible languages and dialects thereof.

These have mostly been addressed by splitting wikis into language codes, but even within a single language code, many dialects exist. q.v. dispute on UK/US English, amongst various other arguments on Requests for new languages. When is a dialect considered unique enough to warrant its own language code?

 * Other problems with both written and spoken language

e.g. category logic errors, metaphor vs practical definition, meaningful statements.

Note that the use-mention distinction has already been pointed out somewhere in w:WP:MOS. In fact, this may already contain many solutions.

 * Intonation in spoken language

The practise of changing one's tone of voice when saying something, to hint at an alternate interpretation of what they are saying, doesn't translate well when written. I notice a lot of subtitled TV shows use the tokens '(!)' and '(?)' at the end of a sentence to imply a 'sarcastic' tone.

 * Body language

i.e. actually doing something rather than talking about something

The ultimate language, which if taken 'literally' lacks any ambiguity, although this is probably beyond the scope of a wiki.

 * Could a natural language ever evolve into the use of fully discrete concepts?

By which I mean, all ambiguity is removed.

Modern high-level computer programming languages are not far off, since they effectively let you define your own language of 'identifiers' to keep it meaningful. Low-level languages that use numbers to represent operations and data (verbs and nouns) might be more accurate.

I don't think this type conversation will ever become commonplace:

Fred: 287 10 1879? Bob: 3!

That is to imply that each number represents a fully discrete concept, although many geek-conversations do approach this level of disambiguation.

 * What are the conceptual differences between nouns, verbs, adjectives, etc?

It seems you can translate between them quite easily. Might be worth investigating Lojban to see what they came up with.

 * Are there examples of natural languages which do not have these distinctions?

I'm wondering about pictographic languages like the Kanji. Need to check this out.

Also, languages of other life-forms. Body language?

 * What exactly is the canonical mapping of English words to their referent?

e.g. OED, Brittanica, etc.

I use the term 'dictionary' to include 'encyclopedia'.

But what happens when competing dictionaries disagree, or provide alternate meanings that others do not? How can a paper dictionary ever be future-proof? Is an evolving dictionary like Wikipedia the only solution?

 * Are all the Mediawiki wikis actually trying to achieve the same thing in a different way?

e.g. scope overlap with Wiktionary/Wikipedia/Wikibooks

 * What words are dangerous?

An argument from w:Talk:Words to avoid even suggests that the verb 'to be' is dangerous, since it argues that other verbs are almost always more accurate. This may be true, but it's such a common verb, it's not practical to simply stop using it. Perhaps its meaning just needs to be tightened up. e.g.

 * X am/are/is Y

If 'X' and 'Y' represent concepts invented by people, which are generally well-defined to be objectively distinguisable regarding their accuracy. q.v. boolean algebra, set theory, etc.

If 'X' and 'Y' are, instead, commonly used words to represent philosophically undefinable concepts (e.g. truth, morality, etc.)

There ought to be some sort of measure of meaningfulness, based on how many other concepts are required to understand in order to understand it. q.v. concrete nouns.

 * Is X Y?

Again, depends on X and Y, but does this really mean:

 * Please define X in terms of Y, or Y in terms of X.

 * Should self-contradictory words be deprecated?

For example: the word 'atom', literally means 'indivisible'. Popularly, it means one of those things physicists keep banging on about, but those are not indivisible (metaphorically speaking, I guess). Therefore, just by using the word 'atom' in the latter sense, are you implicitly (and erroneously) saying that an atom is atomic? The flip side of this is you can quite correctly say "an atom is not atomic". Does it strike anyone that this might be somewhat confusing from a typographical perspective? Do we have some subconscious desire to deliberately obfuscate our language?

Completely unfounded assertions
For want of a better place for now.

 * The Wikimedia projects should define the MediaWiki software, not vice versa.

This is probably already true, but having investigated the latest betas of Mediawiki, I feel a case of feeping creaturism coming on shortly. I guess the project can cope, since it runs more off wetware than software.

 * Need better distinction between words and concepts.

Wikipedia has already bumped into this problem, and created disambiguation pages to solve it. I suspect in many cases of words and word-phrases, a disambiguation page is not necessary, but as the amount of discrete concepts increase on Wikipedia, so will its ambiguity.

Why couldn't a wiki contain a master index of concepts, then attach the various typographic and phonetic language 'codes' (i.e. written and spoken words) commonly used to refer to each concept. Problem is that in order to define the concepts, you need some language in which to do so. I guess real-life photos, sound-samples and other sensory cues could be substituted for text where possible, since they arguably provide more meaning than text in any case.

I argue that this is the only goal of language. It would seem that almost everyone agrees on the concepts of the universe, but merely argue about the language used to refer to them, and the boundaries of the conceptual cases that they cover. For example, the concept generally referred to by the word "God" could perhaps also be referred to by the words "the laws of physics", in that they both refer to a conceptual entity which is allegedly responsible for the creation of the universe. Does this mean that the two phrases may be used interchangably? Perhaps not, since the "God" concept implies something of a vaguely humanoid form, but if I apply this to the first sentence of the Old Testament (UK edition), I end up with:

 * In the beginning when the laws of physics created the universe, the earth was formless and desolate.

A physicist might argue that the earth did not exist at the beginnings of the universe, but I suppose the word "when" in that sentence could be reasonably argued not to read as "at the exact instant that", but rather "during the period when". Point is, it's arguably correct.

What if a physics student studying gravity was asked by student of religion:

 * What did you learn about today?

Allowing for a certain amount of metaphor, could he, in all honesty, reply:

 * And the Lord spake, "what goes up must come down".

Is this merely a translation of the same concepts into a different dialect of the English language?


text:
User talk:Nikai

Computer programming/Types got additions by AlMac effectively doubling the size of the article since you last worked on it. I just thought you might like to see what I did to it. AlMac 23:49, 17 July 2005 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Nikai


text:
Digital Music Composition

About This Book
This book will cover the composition of music in the digital domain, from the basic concepts behind synthesizers and sequencers to production techniques such as mixing, mastering and signal processing. The reader is assumed to have some knowledge of music, and at least a passing familiarity with computers, but is just learning to put the two together.

Specific examples will make use of Free software running on a Linux-based operating system. All the packages mentioned should be available in the standard repositories for Debian and its derivatives, such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint. You should be able to find and install them by name using a GUI package manager such as Synaptic.

Related Wikibooks
I found a couple of other wikibooks on related subjects. As of this writing, they are in a very unfinished state and appear to have been inactive for some years: Some of the material from these could be reused here.
 * Sound Synthesis Theory — just a few pages.
 * Sound in the Digital Domain — just one page.

Linux Information
For those needing help with basic sound setup on Linux, the wiki at linuxaudio.org seems like the best source of information. Other useful links are available on this page of the Ardour tutorial. And the Fedora Project Musicians’ Guide looks very useful as well.

There are some related wikibooks here on wikibooks.org, but they all seem rather incomplete:
 * Sound specifics:
 * Configuring Sound on Linux
 * Linux Audio: A Guide For Beginner and Beyond
 * More general Linux information:
 * Linux Guide
 * Using Ubuntu Linux

Table of Contents

 * Introduction
 * Understanding Sound
 * Making Sound
 * Sequencing
 * Trackers and chiptunes

title: Digital Music Composition


text:
User talk:81.214.161.234

Please stop adding irrelevant links to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you continue, then you risk being blocked from editing Wikibooks. Thank you. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:08, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikibooks. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:07, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:81.214.161.234


text:
User talk:24.224.183.5

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:56, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:24.224.183.5


text:
Digital Music Composition/Introduction

What Is Digital Music?
In the context of this book, digital music refers to music made using digital hardware or software, typically with a computer workstation.

If you have heard music produced while you were alive, you have almost certainly heard music that has been produced digitally. Music in the digital domain is often associated with electronic music; however this is not always the case. The foundation of electronic music is based on work done in the analog domain, from analog synthesizers to tape loop manipulation. These techniques are still popular today, even though computer-based sequencing and sound modification / generation are industry standard. Computers are, however, regularly used to produce digital equivalents of analog instruments and effects, making the distinction increasingly less important.

Audio Versus Control
It is important to understand the distinction between two kinds of computer music data: audio samples and control data. Audio samples are direct digital representations of sound that you can actually hear, while control data consists of a sequence of commands, typically on a note-by-note level, that can be obeyed by a suitably-designed music instrument or other sound-production device. Working directly with audio gives you, in principle the greatest freedom to perform complicated transformations on the samples to produce sounds that no one has heard before.

But certain kinds of processing are easier with the control data; for example, feeding the same sequence of note commands to a different instrument, or to the same instrument with different settings, can produce an entirely different-sounding rendition of the same tune, without the need for a lot of processing. It is easy to speed up or slow down the tempo of the piece, simply by adjusting the timing of the notes; this can be done independently of changing the key of the piece by transposing all the notes up or down by a constant interval. Working with audio data, it is harder to apply these two effects separately; speeding up/slowing down the tempo also tends to raise/lower the pitch, unless you apply a lot of complicated processing of the sound.

By far the most common kind of control data system you will come across is called MIDI, which is short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface. Its usage is so firmly established that even music software applications running on a computer with no actual MIDI interfaces will still communicate with each other as though they were connected via MIDI. Standardization is a Good Thing.

Audio Files Versus MIDI Files
Corresponding to the two different kinds of music-related computer data, there are two families of file formats for holding the data. Files for holding audio samples tend to be separate from those for holding MIDI data; the only kinds of files that can hold both tend to be specific to particular music applications, and not common formats.

There is a variety of audio formats, such as .WAV, FLAC, MP3, Ogg Vorbis and of course the whole range of movie formats that include both video and audio tracks. For our purposes, the important question is whether the format is compressed or uncompressed, and particularly, if it is compressed, whether the compression is lossy or not. Lossy compression throws away information that the listener cannot hear, based on well-established psychoacoustic models of how human hearing works. Unfortunately, while this may be fine for a final delivery format, it is not good for an initial audio recording format, because it severely limits the kinds of processing you can perform. For example, you cannot use filtering to emphasize less-audible sounds if the audio encoding has already got rid of them! Thus, for raw audio capture, we want raw, uncompressed formats, or failing that, losslessly-compressed formats.

For MIDI, on the other hand, there is just one Standard MIDI File format. Thank goodness.

Brief History
Synthesized instruments began to appear relatively soon after music became recorded, in the early 20th century. The exact technology used varied, but the primary lesson to learn is that they used an oscillator to generate a tone at varying frequencies. Amplitude, when mapped out as a function of time, produce a waveform that tells a speaker what point to be at at a given instance. What an oscillator does is produce an indefinitely repeatable pattern that can be directed to the speaker. Through the combination of multiple oscillators, distortions of the waveform, and other techniques, unique sounds may be produced.

Digital technology works with bits, which have only a "on" and "off" state. So, to represent the waveform in computer memory, the waveform is divided into discrete samples, where each sample represents the amplitude of the waveform at a given moment in time. Sound streams use many bits for each of these variables, to achieve a very fine precision in the waveform's representation. Digitalization means that audible artifacts can appear if care is not taken to keep the sound at the highest level of precision possible, and a poor conversion to analog(which often occurs on computers with low-cost integrated sound) will always make what comes through the speakers sound weak and "tinny".

Early synthesizers had no standardized control mechanism; this led to problems and additional hassle in the studio. But after the advent of the MIDI standard in the 1980s, control was greatly simplified. MIDI is a digital protocol that allows one machine(such as a piano keyboard, or a computer) to control another over a cable, triggering the other machine's events. At first, that meant a hardware synthesizer, but much of the hardware used when MIDI was invented has been reduced to software versions today. MIDI files are simply sequences of MIDI events using the "General MIDI" (GM) standard instruments, whose actual sounds are up to interpretation by the playback mechanism; their derision by many is the result of GM's limitations. MIDI is showing its age today, but is still a commonplace and useful tool.

Samplers also appeared in the 1980s. These machines store recordings and play them back; the difference between them and tape recorders are that samplers allow for great variation in the manner of playback. Digital technology makes effects such as reversing, looping, instantaneous restarting, and variable playback speed easy to accomplish. Modern computer sound cards work like a sampler that the computer can control and feed data to on-the-fly. The first sampling computer was the Commodore Amiga, released in 1985. From this computer, tracking was born, introducing digital music composition to the home consumer and started a new generation of musicians and genres.

MIDI Basics
As should be apparent from above, MIDI is a rather important part of digital music production, so it helps to have a basic idea of what it is.

As mentioned above, MIDI is a sequence of commands to make sound, as opposed to representing actual sound itself. The main part of it is note-on and note-off commands: for a keyboard instrument, these represent keys being pressed and released, for a plucked string instrument, they would be the plucking and muting of strings, for wind instruments, the starting and stopping of blowing a note, and so on. Associated with each note command is a channel, which can have a number from 1 to 16, and a velocity, which might represent how hard the key is hit or the string is plucked, and is usually supposed to affect the loudness of the note (though this can depend on the instrument configuration). Different instruments receiving the same stream of MIDI commands could be configured to only listen to specific channel numbers, or a single instrument could be set up to produce different sounds on different channels at once; either way, you can play a whole set of instrument parts from a single MIDI command stream.

Of course, 16 channels isn’t a lot—perhaps sufficient to emulate a small band, not for an entire orchestra. This small number reflects the limitations of digital technology in the early 1980s, when MIDI was first formulated. However, there are ways around this, for example by running multiple concurrent MIDI streams, each driving a different set of instruments. This is not hard to do on a modern computer. Thus, in such ways, the venerable MIDI standard continues to remain useful, to the point where no proposal for a successor has managed to gain much support.

Besides note commands, there are also control-change commands to set values for controllers on each channel (e.g. vibrato depth and speed), and program-change commands to choose the instrument for each channel. There are also non-channel-specific messages, of which the most important is “all notes off”—very useful if, for some reason (software bug, congestion on the MIDI connection or whatever), you have managed to send a bunch of note-on commands without corresponding notes-off; sequencer programs will often have a “Panic” button which, when clicked, sends this command and silences the cacophony!

There is also a set of “system-exclusive” commands (commonly abbreviated “SysEx”), the meanings of which are up to the makers of the instruments. These could be used to set up the full range of synthesizer parameters, or even load actual sound data into the synthesizer.

title: Digital Music Composition/Introduction


text:
User talk:83.17.158.186

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 03:10, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:83.17.158.186


text:
User talk:Borbrav~enwikibooks

Thanks
Thanks for helping to fight vandalism by removing the link spam added by 81.214.161.234. We need more people like you, your contribution is greatly appreciated. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 03:20, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Chess problems
Before I do exponential amouts of damage to the Chess problems section, what do you think a "non-pathologically meaningless title" for Puzzles:Chess_problems:Chess_directmates:Fourteen-move_chess_directmate_1 and similar pages in that section be? --Borbrav 20:08, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That title isn't too bad by itself, though I'd be inclined to make it a little less redundant. Maybe Puzzles:Chess problems:Directmates:Fourteen-move directmate 1.  Hmm.... -- Smjg 10:30, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I see you've started moving them around a bit. Just a small suggestion: I tend to do it top-down.  That is, first move section pages, starting with those at the highest level, before moving the individual puzzle and solution pages within them.  That way, it will be quick and easy to update the navigation header while at each one.  True, there are also links from the section pages to the puzzles to update, but updating these later will be a little easier as there are fewer pages to update them on. -- Smjg 16:54, 8 November 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Borbrav. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Borbrav~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:59, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:41, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Borbrav~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Risk

Omelet
It's a valid spelling, just as grey and gray are both valid spellings.

I rather like using a mix of spellings just to drive home the point.

Especially in terms like "Denver omelet" and "Spanish omelet", the simple spelling is the norm.

AlbertCahalan 19:43, 13 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I'm inclined to agree with you. I suppose the page titles should always have redirects, one way or the other, and the choice of spelling in the text can on the whim of the author. As a rule of thumb I think that recipes that have a clear French origin (like the French omelette and Omelette du whatever) should use omelette, and recipes that don't have anything to do with France (Denver, Spanish, Japanese, Fritatta) should use omelet. risk

Wikijunior name vote
Please go to Wikijunior project name and vote for a name in the Wikimedia children's project. -- user:zanimum

Kiki
I think you should be bold and follow up on your suggestion of how to get the Kiki character into the wikijunior books --SV Resolution 18:55, 31 October 2005 (UTC).

cooknav v. recipe on seasonality cats
Yes, you're totally right. I space out pretty bad when I'm doing more than one similar update. I've fixed them. Kellen T 08:39, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Seasonality3.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Seasonality3.gif. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikibooks because of copyright law (see Wikibooks' Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikibooks are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information or giving false information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at the Study help desk. Thank you. Az1568(Talk) 20:53, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

Wikibooks/Logo
Hello Risk, how are you? I saw your Wikijunior logo submission, and I really like it a lot! For some reason, not maky people are submitting logos for Wikijunior, at least not as many as for Wikibooks. Are you planning on submitting a Wikibooks logo as well?

One thing that people were trying to avoid is different language projects from using different wording on the logo itself. If there is no text on the logo, there is no need for it to be localized for each project, which in turn can produce better cohesion between the various language projects. Would you mind uploading a version of your logo with no text on it? I dont know how uptight people are going to be about the text issue, but I would hate to see your great design lose because of that detail. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 23:37, 15 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Thank you, I'm glad you like it. I am thinking about submitting a design for wikibooks, but I'm little busy at the moment. That's also the reason I just submitted something I hacked together in photoshop, instead of taking the time to redo it properly in SVG. If I can find some time, I'll redo the logo in SVG and try to make a version without text. risk (talk) 15:39, 19 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Definitely take your time. We have not specified an end to the logo submission stage yet (i would like it to continue for another month or two at least). Also, while the final logo must be SVG, there is no reason why the logos in this stage must be in that format. We can always convert them as the process moves forward. Good luck on being busy, and I hope to see your Wikibooks submission! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 15:53, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

Template:SeasonalitySpec
Hi Risk,

I just did some changes on Template:Seasonality that merge the functionality of Template:SeasonalitySpec into it. The latter isn't used anywhere. Do you think there is a use for a separate template? --Swift (talk) 02:39, 12 December 2008 (UTC)
 * Hi, nice work. I guess I wasn't aware of default arguments in mediawiki templates when I made those. You're right that SeasonalitySpec can be deleted now. There may be a reference to it on one of the cookbook pages on how to use the templates. That'll need to be updated. risk (talk) 22:11, 15 January 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Risk


text:
User talk:84.242.95.3

Thanks
Thanks for helping to fight vandalism by removing the link spam added by 81.214.161.234. We need more people like you, your contribution is greatly appreciated. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 03:22, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:84.242.95.3


text:
Digital Music Composition/Tracking

What You Need

 * Audacity
 * Modplug Tracker (or another tracker program)

Make a sound

 * 1) Open Audacity.
 * 2) Generate "Silence" so you have something to start with.
 * 3) Change the view to "Samples." You can see how many samples make up the waveform on the lower status bar by rolling over the end of the waveform.  Note: if you are having trouble doing this, go to the View menu, then Set Selection Format to "samples (snap to samples)".  The number of samples you have selected will be displayed in the lower status bar.
 * 4) Cut down most of the silence. Zoom in.
 * 5) Repeat until you've cut the number of samples down to a power of 2 (64, 128, and 256 are good values.)
 * 6) Now select the "Draw" tool.
 * 7) Paint something with the mouse on the silence. A smooth, slow curve will sound "hollow" while a jumpy, irregular pattern will sound "noisy."
 * 8) Make sure your sound is on, but keep it turned low for the next part.  (This is so that if your sound wave sounds particularly unpleasant, your ears will be spared.)
 * 9) Shift-click on the Play button to loop-play your sound.
 * 10) . Save it when you're happy with it.

Import the sound

 * 1) Open Modplug.
 * 2) Click the Samples tab.
 * 3) "Open" your sound.
 * 4) Turn on "Loop" and set the loop length to the size of your sound.
 * 5) Your sound's ready for use; now you can enter the tracker.

title: Digital Music Composition/Tracking


text:
User:Chris Mounce~enwikibooks

Stuff I'll Forget

 * To redirect to pagename, use #REDIRECT pagename

title: User:Chris Mounce~enwikibooks


text:
Wikibooks talk:Templates

A combination of Test and joinus
While not strictly necessary I think it would be a good idea to have a "less harsh" version of Test that is somewhat combined with joinus. It would be targeted at anons that make a single sandbox-type edit. It should be fairly short, containing at a minimum: That might be a bit much to keep brief but I think if it's short and to the point and clear that they can 'redeem' themselves in a way might get us some useful contributors out of people doing random testing. Xerol Oplan (talk) 09:24, 25 May 2010 (UTC)
 * A suggestion that they register
 * A link/description to the sandbox
 * A brief statement outlining the facts that yes, you can edit the page, and this is considered disruptive, but you're not in trouble (which is what Test seems to convey) as long as you make constructive edits.

 * Perhaps something akin to Wikipedia's w:Template:Welcome-anon-vandal? --Pi zero (talk) 16:19, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

 * I like that in general, perhaps we can prune it down a little though. A WB-version draft is on my to-do list now. Xerol Oplan (talk) 20:52, 25 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Wikibooks talk:Templates


text:
Cookbook:Bean Spelt Oat Spread

| Vegan Cuisine | Breakfast

This spread consists of three base ingredients: mashed beans, oat flakes and raw spelt flour. It can be used as spread or can be fried as burgers.

Ingredients

 * 250 g mashed beans (white beans or kidney beans)
 * 150 g oat flakes
 * 150 g raw spelt flour
 * vegetable oil
 * Optional:
 * Salt
 * Garlic
 * Pepper
 * Herbs and spices
 * Seasoning mix (corn flour, salt, chili, onion, garlic, paprika, sodium glutamate) (e.g., Mexican Taco Seasoning Mix)

Procedure

 * 1) Take oat flakes, raw spelt, beans and some water and oil for the base substance.
 * 2) Mash the beans and mix the ingredients.
 * 3) Add the optional ingredients to taste.

Kochbuch/ Brotaufstrich aus Bohnen, Dinkel und Hafer

title: Cookbook:Bean Spelt Oat Spread


text:
User talk:69.50.184.220

Please stop adding irrelevant links to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you continue, then you risk being blocked from editing Wikibooks. Thank you. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 12:04, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:69.50.184.220


text:
User talk:203.145.132.252

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 12:16, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:203.145.132.252


text:
User talk:193.82.98.8

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 12:30, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:193.82.98.8


text:
User talk:Kajolus

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 12:56, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

thank you for the welcome. will try to help as much as time permits...--Kajolus 08:29, August 12, 2005 (UTC)

EverQuest
I'm glad to see that this is progressing slowly and steadily. Thank you for continuing to improve Wikibooks. You might want to address the question raised on Talk:EverQuest. I'll help with the infrastructure work, such as transwikification, and with copy editing but I defer to those with the expertise on matters of content. You might be able to encourage that other editor to contribute as well. Uncle G 03:44:11, 2005-08-23 (UTC)

Thank you Uncle G :) especially for the offer, to help with transwiki/reformatting... am still learning...--Kajolus 10:59, September 8, 2005 (UTC)

Copyright problem with Image:EQ1 Planes of Power flags en.jpg
--Derbeth 12:48, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Speed Deamon
Heh, I'm not speedy, just had a few hours to devote to EQ without access to EQ. I'll go in spurts. You've done a good job setting this up. Tendiin 10:10, 10 May 2006 (UTC)
 * same here really. sometimes I do have a bit of time at hand, which I would gladly devote to the wikibook. especially, as there are quite a few EQ related sites either disappearing, or not being updated anymore, or being sold to IGE/ZAM/Yantis or combinations... :-/ and thank you. yes, we did well so far, but I also believe, that we can do better. the cleaning up of the FAQ section was a great example, that 4 eyes see more than 2...--Kajolus 15:40, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Hmm, the main EQ page has transwikified.... I didn't see any discussion of it... and of course the time I was able to spend on the work was during coffee and lunch, at work, through a firewall that disallows my access to the stratwiki or whatever it is. Guess that is it for me. Tendiin 11:41, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * darn...here a quote from the new discussion page I just posted a few mins ago "what surprised me though was, that I wasn't aware of the change (did I miss something here?). was there an announcement? I always though that things like that should at least be announced on the discussion page i.e. (no vote necessary really from my PoV, but not even an annnouncement?)." now, that I see your post here, it seems, I am not the only one who didn't see it coming... I will ask the guys over on the strat. wiki... :-( what makes me kind of sad is, that finally there seems somebody (you, Tendiin) who is able to put in a bit work regularly, and now he might not be able to anymore...sugar :-/ --Kajolus 12:24, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

 * To make matters worse, I was just going to suggest that we re-tool some because we weren't really working on a book atm, mostly on a strat guide. So I was going to talk to you about making it more book like. Tendiin 14:17, 11 May 2006 (UTC)
 * lol. oh well...anyhow, am off now (haven't heard anything from the strategy wiki guys yet btw) --Kajolus 15:39, 11 May 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kajolus


text:
Talk:Computer Programming/Procedures and functions

Programming independence from language
"The page is "off topic" - Computer programming should be independent of programming lanugage"

RPG
In my opinion, the structure of language can be so different or similar, that a person writing about programming, who only knows a group of languages with similar structure, cannot help but describe computer programming using human language and examples that are foreign to other programming environments. Thus it is really important in any such text to reference what languages this text is relevant to. AlMac 13:52, 18 July 2005 (UTC)

Programming:RPG
Well done. Just one observation: there is actually a WikiBook called Programming:RPG - which might be more suited for your text.

Or prehaps you want to try a side by site chapter. See

 * Programming:Ada
 * Computer_programming
 * Programming:Python

They are difficult to make but when finished very rewarding. i.E. I very much like the Computer programming/Statements Chapter.

If you do the beginning I fill in the Programming:Ada pages.

--Krischik 18:33, 21 July 2005 (UTC)


text:
Consciousness Studies/The Philosophical Problem/Appendix

Gauss's Analysis of Curved Surfaces - The Origin of the Metric Tensor
It became apparent at the start of the nineteenth century that issues such as Euclid's parallel postulate required the development of a new type of geometry that could deal with curved surfaces and real and imaginary planes. At the foundation of this approach is Gauss's analysis of curved surfaces which allows us to work with a variety of coordinate systems and displacements on any type of surface.

Suppose there is a line on a surface. The length of this line can be expressed in terms of a coordinate system. A short length of line Ds in a two dimensional space may be expressed in terms of Pythagoras' theorem as:

D s2 = D x2 + D y2 Suppose there is another coordinate system on the surface with two axes: x1, x2, how can the length of the line be expressed in terms of these coordinates? Gauss tackled this problem and his analysis is quite straightforward for two coordinate axes:

Figure 1:

It is possible to use elementary differential geometry to describe displacements along the plane in terms of displacements on the curved surfaces:

DY = Dx1dY/dx1 + Dx2dY/dx2

DZ = Dx1dZ/dx1 + Dx2dZ/dx2

The displacement of a short line is then assumed to be given by a formula, called a metric, such as Pythagoras' theorem

DS2 = DY 2 + DZ2

Or some other metric such as the metric of a 4D Minkowskian space:

DS2 = -DT 2 + DX2 + DY2 + DZ2

This type of analysis can be extended to any number of dimensions. It is then possible to express the short length, Ds, in terms of the coordinates. The full algebraic analysis is given at the end of this appendix. In 3D the expression for the length is:

Ds2 = SS (dX/dxi dX/dxk + dY/dxi dY/dxk + dZ/dxi dZ/dxk) DxiDxk

(for i=1 to 3 and k=1 to 3)

and so, using indicial notation:

Ds2 = gikDxiDxk

Where

gik = (dx/dxi dx/dxk + dy/dxi dy/dxk + dz/dxi dz/dxk)

If the coordinates are not merged then Ds is dependent on both sets of coordinates. In matrix notation:

Ds2 = gDxDx

becomes:

Where a, b, c, d stand for the values of gik.

Which is:

(Dx1a + Dx2c) Dx1 + (Dx1b + Dx2d) Dx2 = Dx12a + 2Dx1Dx2(c + b) + Dx22d

So:

Ds2 = Dx12a + 2Dx1Dx2(c + b) + Dx22d

Ds2 is a bilinear form that depends on both Dx1 and Dx2. It can be written in matrix notation as:

Ds2 = DxT A Dx

Where A is the matrix containing the values in gik. This is a special case of the bilinear form known as the quadratic form because the same matrix (Dx) appears twice; in the generalised bilinear form B = xTAy (the matrices x and y are different).

If the surface is a Euclidean plane then the values of gik are:

Which become:

So the matrix A is the unit matrix I and:

Ds2 = DxT I Dxand:

Ds2 = Dx12 + Dx22

Which recovers Pythagoras' theorem.

If the surface is derived from Ds2 = -DY2 + DZ2 then the values of gik are:

Which becomes:

Which allows the original 'rule' to be recovered i.e.: Ds2 = -Dx12 + Dx22

The Space-Time Interval
The fundamental assumption of modern relativity theory is that the space-time interval is invariant. The space-time interval is given by the following equation rather than Pythagoras' theorem:

Ds2 = - Dt2 + Dx12 + Dx22 + Dx32

The origin of the negative sign in front of Dt is of considerable interest. It could originate from an assumption that time is imaginary, that time is real and the metric has a negative sign for time, or that time is mixed real and imaginary with a Pythagorean metric.

Imaginary Time
Suppose that Pythagoras theorem applied to the space-time interval and:

Ds2 = D t 2 + Dx12 + Dx22 + Dx32

gik = (dt/dxi dt/dxk + dx/dxi dx/dxk + dy/dxi dy/dxk + dz/dxi dz/dxk)

For a flat surface dt/dx0 = dx/dx1 = dy/dx2 = dz/dx3 = 1 and all other coefficients are zero therefore:

'g' =

Which means that the time interval must be imaginary if the assumption of relativity is to be supported i.e.: Dt 2 = (DT Ö -1) 2

So that Ds2 = Dt2 + Dx12 + Dx22 + Dx32 becomes Ds2 = - DT2 + Dx12 + Dx22 + Dx32

This form of time is not supported in General Relativity Theory

Real Time
If real time is used then the expressions for each displacement along each coordinate axis remain the same e.g.:

DT = Dx1dT/dx1 + Dx2dT/dx2 + Dx3dT/dx3 + Dx4dT/dx4

etc.

But when they are combined the formula Ds2 = - DT2 + Dx12 + Dx22 + Dx32 is used instead of Pythagoras' theorem (see above for a fully worked example in 2D). This results in the following metric tensor:

'g' =

Where g00 is given by -1 times (dt/dx0) 2.

Mixed Real and Imaginary Time
There is a third possibility that is not generally discussed. The 'plane' in figure 1 is a plane in the observer's coordinate system and the surface has its own coordinate system. If the time coordinate on the surface were 'imaginary' and that on the plane were real (or vice versa) then using Pythagoras' theorem:

Ds2 = Dt2 + Dx12 + Dx22 + Dx32

where t equals (kt), k being a constant that is yet to be determined. In flat space-time g00 is given by (dt/dx0) 2. But t is imaginary so g00 equals -1. This then gives exactly the same metric tensor as the assumption of real time.

'g' =

The Modern Formulation of the Metric Tensor
The modern formulation uses the following mathematical expression for the space-time interval:

s2 = gmn xnxm

where the values of s, x represent tiny displacements in each of the four coordinate axes and 'g' is the metric of the space. It is assumed that g00 is opposite in sign to the other constants on the principle diagonal (i.e.: real or mixed real and imaginary time are assumed). With this assumption the expression becomes:

s2 = x12 + x22 + x32 - x42

The expansion is shown below. In matrix notation this is:

(Where t is time in metres, i.e.:c times time in secs). The numbers -1,1,1,1 are the values of the combinations of differential coefficients that were described above.

Evaluating the first matrix multiplication this becomes:

Which resolves to: s2 = x12 + x22 + x32 - t2

Which is the metric of space-time and applies to quite large values of s,x and t in the absence of accelerations and strong gravitational fields. Notice how the computation is more like a squared norm than a simple square and carries with it the physical implication of a product of a vector with its reflection (!).

The metric is normally expressed in differential form so that it can be used with a curved space-time and with displacements that are not measured relative to the origin.

ds2 = dx12 + dx22 + dx32 - dt2

Or, equivalently:

ds2 = dt2 - dx12 - dx22 - dx32

Full analysis of the constants in Gauss' analysis
DY = Dx1dY/dx1 + Dx2dY/dx2

DY2 = (Dx1dY/dx1 + Dx2dY/dx2)2

DY2 = Dx1dY/dx1 * Dx1dY/dx1 + Dx1dY/dx1 * Dx2dY/dx2 + Dx1dY/dx1 * Dx2dY/dx2 + Dx2dY/dx2 * Dx2dY/dx2

DY2 = Dx1Dx1dY/dx1 dY/dx1 + Dx1Dx2dY/dx1dY/dx2 + Dx1Dx2dY/dx1dY/dx2 + Dx2Dx2dY/dx2dY/dx2

And

DZ = Dx1dZ/dx1 + Dx2dZ/dx2

DZ2 = (Dx1dZ/dx1 + Dx2dZ/dx2)2

DZ2 = Dx1dZ/dx1 * Dx1dZ/dx1 + Dx1dZ/dx1 * Dx2dZ/dx2 + Dx1dZ/dx1 * Dx2dZ/dx2 + Dx2dZ/dx2 * Dx2dZ/dx2

DZ2 = Dx1Dx1dZ/dx1 dZ/dx1 + Dx1Dx2dZ/dx1dZ/dx2 + Dx1Dx2dZ/dx1dZ/dx2 + Dx2Dx2dZ/dx2dZ/dx2

Therefore:

DY2 + DZ2 =

(dY/dx1dY/dx1 + dZ/dx1dZ/dx1)Dx1 Dx1

+ (dY/dx2Y/dx1 + dZ/dx2dZ/dx1)Dx2Dx1

+ (dY/dx1dY/dx2 + dZ/dx1dZ/dx2)Dx1 Dx2

+ (dY/dx2dY/dx2 + dZ/dx2dZ/dx2)Dx2 Dx2

For a flat surface

dY= dx2 and dZ= dx1 so dY/dx2 = 1 and dZ/dx1 = 1 also dY/dx1 = 0 and dZ/dx2 = 0.

Ds2 = DY2 + DZ2 = (0 + 1)Dx1 Dx1+ (0 + 0)Dx2Dx1 + (0 + 0)Dx1 Dx2+ (1 + 0)Dx2 Dx2

so Ds2 = DY2 + DZ2 = Dx12 + Dx22

Which recovers Pythagoras' theorem.

However in the most general case the small intervals may not be related by Pythagoras' theorem:

Suppose

Ds2 = -DY2 + DZ2

So, as before:

DY = Dx1dY/dx1 + Dx2dY/dx2

DY2 = Dx1Dx1dY/dx1 dY/dx1 + Dx1Dx2dY/dx1dY/dx2 + Dx1Dx2dY/dx1dY/dx2 + Dx2Dx2dY/dx2dY/dx2

DZ = Dx1dZ/dx1 + Dx2dZ/dx2

DZ2 = Dx1Dx1dZ/dx1 dZ/dx1 + Dx1Dx2dZ/dx1dZ/dx2 + Dx1Dx2dZ/dx1dZ/dx2 + Dx2Dx2dZ/dx2dZ/dx2

So:

-DY2 + DZ2 =

(-(dY/dx1dY/dx1) + dZ/dx1dZ/dx1)Dx1 Dx1

+ (-(dY/dx2Y/dx) + dZ/dx2dZ/dx1)Dx2Dx1

+ (-(dY/dx1dY/dx2) - dZ/dx1dZ/dx2)Dx1 Dx2

+ (-(dY/dx2dY/dx2) - dZ/dx2dZ/dx2)Dx2 Dx2


text:
Physical Activity

This book contains advice about physical exercise, tips and warnings etc. This advice is not tailored to any particular individual and it is strongly recommended that you use your common sense, as well as moderation at all times. It is advisable to visit a doctor before embarking upon some thing new. Importantly, always use moderation.

Chapters

 * /Aerobic Exercise/ - This chapter is an introduction to what Aerobic Exercise is, why it is important, and how to calculate target heart rate ensuring you are performing the exercise safely. It then gives examples of many types of Aerobic exercises and how to perform them.
 * /Strength Training/ - This chapter deals with different types of strength, how to train for a particular type of strength, and safety issues concerning strength training.
 * /Sports/ - This chapter details sports! Sports are an important and fun part of physical activity. It will give a brief over-view of various sports, and exercise techniques to improve in those sports.
 * /Injury/ - This deals with injury, injury prevention, and techniques for dealing with injuries.
 * /Nutrition/ - Physical activity is important, but to perform at peak levels one must also know the nutrition. This chapter is a basic overview of nutritional concepts, and deals with issues of weight loss and body image.

Guides and appendices

 * /Back Exercises/
 * /Improving Your Vertical Jump/
 * /Pulldown Exercise/
 * /Running a Marathon/
 * /Skateboarding X-treme/
 * /Planche/

title: Physical Activity


text:
Talk:Japanese/Kana chart

Incomplete
This chart is incomplete. It is missing certain compound characters and voiced characters. - 67.169.44.125
 * Could you point out which ones? - Sik0fewl 16:38, 18 July 2005 (UTC)
 * According to one of the training programs Kye and wi for example are used. It also lists different Romaji transliterations of the voiced form of chi, namely dzi in stead of ji. The last character of katakana ローマ字 (Romaji) isn't even listed at all. I would say this table needs some work. I suggest you take a look at Katakana, which lists several updates to this table. Redge 13:55, 18 October 2005 (UTC)
 * "Used" is a relative term. "wi" and "we" are occasionally used for their old-fashioned look, and of course appear in older literature. Not sure what you mean about "kye".
 * You won't find 字 in the table because it's kanji, not katakana.
 * You're right, the missing "foreign sound" katakana should be added.
 * There are several Romanization conventions, and we shouldn't try to cram them all into one table. The contributors to this wikibook have adopted a convention that they judged to be best.
 * -ToothingLummox 08:25, 19 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Perhaps it is simply a matter of Slime Forrest and this wikibook using different standards, but it's frustrating of having to decide between the lessons you learn here and the ones rehearsed in Slime Forrest. Anyway, Forrest lists キエ as kye in stead of ki e, is what I ment. Excuse me for jumping to conclusions here. Redge 09:10, 20 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I tried the game just a few minutes but it seems that I don't have enough time to find (nor patience to wait for it) キエ as kye. Probably it's キェ (small ェ, not large エ). Er..., if the game uses "kye" for キエ (not キェ), it's simply wrong. キエ is "kie".
 * Although this is my personal feeling, I don't think it's a good idea to practice *typing* ヰ and ヱ so many times (even in a few minutes play, I was made to type them several times). If you are able to read them, that's enough. In what occasion do you need to type them? At least I've hardly used them. Perhaps just two or three times, including now. In fact, they are so rarely used that the old version of ATOK I use did not know "wi" and "we" for ヰ and ヱ, thus I had to find them from character table it includes (ATOK is one of Romaji to Kanji converters; it's possible newer versions know them). Well, if you're going to study Japanese classic literature, the ability might be useful, but if not... - Marsian / talk 10:12, 20 October 2005 (UTC) mod. Marsian / talk 10:34, 20 October 2005 (UTC)

Bolded sounds
Why are some of the letters (both Katakana and Hiragana) for certain sounds bolded?
 * Your question is answered in the notes accompanying the table. Redge 13:55, 18 October 2005 (UTC)

Breaking up the girl
I really like this table, but how about revamping it still. I'm unsure about the benefit of listing the kana together and find the romaji stands out too much with it in bold. It still needs some distinction but the kana in bold might not render very well for everyone. --Swift (talk) 08:44, 12 June 2008 (UTC)

 * The reasoning to have the kana in bold was ridiculous. This is a kana chart and should be used as a reference, and not as a tutorial.  This could go into the actual hiragana/katakana pages, where the information is easily assimilated than in this crowded table.

 * I'm not sure how to revise the chart other than making two separate charts. --Retropunk (talk) 19:11, 14 June 2008 (UTC)

 * "The reasoning ... was ridiculous." Ouch. I apologise for failing seeing things the same way as you do. Perhaps we can try to see where the other is coming from before calling things ridiculous?
 * I would sincerely be interested in learning for what sort of situations such a reference would be of great use. Since all seem agreed that learning the syllabaries should be one of the first steps, I'd expect that rather than needing to look up the sound to find the kana character, the student might on occasion wish to find which sound a character makes. In such cases, highlighting the character being looked for would make sense.
 * I might experiment with splitting these tables up on seperate pages and then just transcluding them here. --Swift (talk) 17:01, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

 * Roomaji is a poor reference to show something is pronounced. This chart shouldn't be used as such.  It should be used as a lookup/reference to remind the student on the consonant+vowel, y-medial compound, and other special characters.  It should not be used as a tutorial.
 * Furthermore, this chart shouldn't be making special notes on how often a word starts with characters and/or how often the character is used within the language's vocabulary. This information should be used within other means.  Jamming too many concepts onto this chart is going to ruin its use.  --Retropunk (talk) 00:27, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree that romaji is a poor reference to show pronunciation. I don't think I was arguing otherwise.
 * I agree that the table shouldn't be intended as a tutorial. I didn't suggest that it be one.
 * I simply asked in which situations a student might wish to refer to a table indexed by romaji, given that learning the syllabaries would be one of the first steps. --Swift (talk) 15:23, 27 June 2008 (UTC)
 * My biggest problem isn't the roomaji. I was just stating that roomaji isn't a good source to show a sound of a kana character.  My problem is the combination of bolding the roomaji and the kana.  The former to help the user focus on the roomaji characters and the latter to illustrate infrequent characters.  The latter is not needed.  It could go elsewhere, like individual kana pages. --Retropunk (talk) 17:29, 27 June 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Japanese/Kana chart


text:
Cookbook:Cuisine of Venezuela

Popular recipes include mainly the following:

 * Arepa
 * Hallaca
 * Pabellón criollo
 * Cachapa
 * Chivo en coco
 * Empanada
 * Mandoca
 * Pisillo de chigüire
 * Asado negro
 * Mondongo
 * Bollo pelón
 * Chicharrón
 * Pisca Andina
 * Perico
 * Arroz con coco (Rice with Coconut)
 * Beef Tongue with Chiles, Corn and Tomato (Lengua de Res)

Snack Foods
 * Arepita
 * Tequeño
 * Tostón

Sweets
 * Majarete
 * Bienmesabe
 * Dulce de leche
 * Dulce de lechoza
 * Quesillo (Similar to Flan)

Beverages
 * Papelón con limón
 * Chicha
 * Ponche Crema
 * Leche de Burra

title: Cookbook:Cuisine of Venezuela


text:
User:MichTheWeird~enwikibooks

How To Eat has been moved to here. Thank you.

Any comments or questions to me will be mvoed to the talk page.

title: User:MichTheWeird~enwikibooks


text:
Japanese/Lessons/Assembling simple sentences

To form a Japanese sentence, you just need to remember few simple rules:
 * Personal pronouns are mostly omitted, or replaced with names:
 * すき　だ - I like it/you
 * ほんだくん　が　すき　だ - I like you (when talking to Honda-kun)
 * A normal (full) sentence always ends with a verb (even if it is an attributive verb, usually called verbal adjectives or the Japanese true adjective; we will discuss this more thoroughly later) and, optionally, special sentence-ending particles (mostly used to convey emotions and emphasis) after it. One verb alone may be treated like a full sentence. No other parts of speech can form a sentence alone. To end a sentence which does not have any action, and simply describes qualities of objects ("a person is sitting" is not a description of a quality, but rather a continuous action), copula verb で　ある (or any of its forms, including だ) must be used.
 * すごい - It's great
 * いく　ぞ - I am going
 * これ　は　ほん　だ - This is a book
 * Note that there are some exceptions when another particles are overtaking the だ copula (this note only applies to this only copula verb form; other で　ある forms do not have such exceptions) functions (for example, だ　か cannot end sentence, か is considered to possess verbal functions in this case).
 * それ　は　ほん　か - Is that a book?
 * Another exception is that the subject of the sentence may sometimes be placed right after the end of a sentence (after the verb with all sentence-ending particles), but no particles may be added afterwards. This construction although rarely used, is acceptable in spoken language for emphasizing the person you are talking to or talking about:
 * すごい　ねえ, ほんだくん - It's great, Honda-kun!
 * If you want to give focus to an object or expression, put a が after it. If you want to give focus to what an object or expression does (to an action), put a は after it:
 * ぼく　は　いく　ぞ - I'm *going*
 * ぼく　が　いく　ぞ - It's *me*, who is going
 * わたし　は　あなた　が　きらい　だ - I hate you.
 * Time of the events is usually put at the beginning of the sentence:
 * きょう　とうきょう　に　いく - Today I am going to Tokyo.


text:
ETF Mapping

ETF is a direct port of a Quake III mod called Q3F (which has ceased in development) to Enemy Territory. This wikibook covers the use of entities in ETF map making. It is seemingly adapted from the Q3F Map Entity Documentation.

Table of Contents

 * /Overview/
 * /Examples/
 * /References/
 * /Entity Definition File/
 * /More to explore/

title: ETF Mapping


text:
User talk:217.132.167.23

Please stop adding irrelevant links to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you continue, then you risk being blocked from editing Wikibooks. Thank you. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 01:55, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:217.132.167.23


text:
User talk:151.203.10.192

Please stop removing content from Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you want to experiment, please use the sandbox. Thank you. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:22, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:151.203.10.192


text:
Cookbook:Banana Caramel Dessert

This dessert appears to be loosely based on or derived from banoffee pie. It combines bananas and caramel sauce with pre-made dough for convenience. The ingredients are simple, the time it takes to prepare is short, and the dessert is simply delicious!

Ingredients

 * 2 bananas, peeled and sliced
 * 1 tablespoon vanilla extract
 * 2 tablespoons melted butter
 * 1 refrigerated can of cinnamon rolls
 * 1 cup caramel sauce
 * 2–3 cups vanilla ice cream (optional)

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C).
 * 2) In a small bowl, toss bananas, vanilla, and melted butter until bananas are well coated.
 * 3) On a cookie sheet, unroll 2 cinnamon rolls, leaving the two triangles attached to form a square. Place ¼ of the banana mixture in the center of each pair of rolls.
 * 4) Bake for 11 to 13 minutes, or until the pastry is golden brown.
 * 5) Heat the caramel topping and drizzle over dessert. Serve warm, with ice cream if desired.

title: Cookbook:Banana Caramel Dessert


text:
User talk:Scientia~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:33, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Scientia. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Scientia~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:43, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:28, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Scientia~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Ensiform~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:50, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ensiform. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ensiform~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:08, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:56, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ensiform~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:CyberSkull

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:53, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

We ♥ Katamari
I do not know how to say this politely, so I ask as best I can, why are you working on this? Wikibooks is not a site for game guides, this is a place for instructional books, educational works, annotated public domain books, things which can be used in a classroom. Try as hard as I can, I can think of very few situations where what you are doing can be used to educate. Nmontague 01:59, 6 October 2005 (UTC)
 * What are you talking about? I just reorganized the article, that's all. ~ Dread Lord C y b e r S k  u  l  l  ✎☠ 00:42, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Yes, you worked on it, but you did so on a thing that should not be on this site in the first place. Further, your sub-pages were formated incorrectly, proper form is to use We ♥ Katamari/Cleaning or We ♥ Katamari:Cleaning not Cleaning (We ♥ Katamari)  Nmontague 01:00, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * I just used the established formatting there. I will correct it to the prefered formatting then. As for the actual information there, that is something you should take up with the CVG group. If you could please point me to the policy that forbids game guides? Dread Lord C y b e r S k  u  l  l  ✎☠ 01:03, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * It's a part of the policy of being an educational resource, a textbook. You'd have to reach pretty damned far to convince me there is an educational use for a game guide.  Nmontague 20:49, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * See also: Final Fantasy VI and Computer and video games bookshelf. Dread Lord C y b e r S k  u  l  l  ✎☠ 20:59, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

 * Jimbo Wales has stated on various occasions that this is not a site for game guides, that people keep adding them is a problem for everyone at the site - because that is not something that Wikibooks covers. Those things get transferred to other sites or deleted.  Nmontague 21:35, 7 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:CyberSkull


text:
User talk:Janet Thomson

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:54, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Janet Thomson


text:
User talk:Bjoern~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:55, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bjoern. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bjoern~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:59, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:39, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bjoern~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Lgreen~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. (Donovan|Geocachernemesis|Interact) 02:55, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Lgreen. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Lgreen~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:22, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:11, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lgreen~enwikibooks


text:
Keeping a Journal

Some Ways to Keep a Meaningful Journal
Anyone, at any moment, could walk up to you and tell you the meaning of life. For everyone it may be different, but regardless of this fact, if the very next person you were to hold a conversation with were to divulge to you the secret meaning of the universe, chances are you probably wouldn’t understand it at the time. Meaning is a product of contemplation, and contemplation is something of an aging process; things that start out as simply memorable mature into encounters that are truly meaningful.

A good journal is like a roadmap, a golden thread through the labyrinth of one’s own personal past. A journal that is kept well and tended well will be fruitful, whereas one that is neglected and kept up out of a false sense of obligation, without any real thought put into it, will not yield any fruit to its writer.

In any Barnes & Noble, Border’s, or even artsy boutique, blank books are a popular item for sale. People like blank books, people buy blank books, but do people use blank books? For me, getting to the very last page of any sort of notebook, no matter what it’s filled with, is a very special moment. At that moment, I come to the realization that what’s in the front of the book is probably mature, so that I can read back over what I’ve written in the beginning and see how my attitude has changed. A good journal will be rewarding in the writing process and also (especially!) during the re-reading process. Remember, a journal is for you, and no-one else but you! So, there's no excuse not to be as honest as possible!

Keeping a journal can improve your happiness, according to academic research, although what you write is important. Negative events in your life may be best written about in analytical fashion, i.e. as an attempt to identify why events unfolded as they did (because writing analytically will increase awareness about external factors that caused the negative event, and thus suppress negative personal feelings). Positive events, on the other hand, might be better off when left unanalyzed, because analyzing could give the journaler awareness of external factors which contributed to the success). It might be better instead for the writer to simply record the feelings of the moment and attempt to relive the positive events.

One of the most important things for a prospective journaler to remember is that the real value of a journal is the record being created; a proper journal can serve as a set of minutes to life, and so it comes down to the writer to decide what events are worth noting. Even entries that seem incredibly mundane, filled with details that don't seem to change much from day to day can be interesting years later, and the real key can be establishing a habit of introspection and recollection at the end of each day. That way, when something that is out of the ordinary and calls for real consideration occurs, the writer already has a set time and method to confront the issue.

Exercise
Now that everyone is good and inspired, here are a few tips to get started: At the end of each day, pick one thing that sticks out in your mind. This thing can be a situation, a person, a feeling, or any other kind of observation. Pick something that is meaningful to you, and reflect honestly on it—half a page is a good starting length, but eventually you’ll come to have a certain sense of when an entry is completed. At first this may seem difficult, but there are only 2 key points here- being perceptive, and being honest.

The writing part of keeping a journal is not a time-consuming ordeal-- IF the entry is something that you keep at the back of your mind throughout the whole day. The cultivation of this attitude is one more beneficial side effect of keeping a journal. Every day is at least a little bit different, and it is these differences, and moreover our reactions to these differences, that shape how we live life and experience the world.

Keeping a diary
In order to keep a diary, you must set aside time each day to do so. An ideal time to do this is just before you go to bed. As well as adding the events of the day to your journal, the most important things you could write are your feelings and how events have made you feel. This can be useful to look back upon, and honest, open diary entries can help you through difficult times.

title: Keeping a Journal


text:
User talk:Gtrmp

Just to let you know, I'm planning to start working on some stuff for the Quest for Glory series or filling in some overall information, if you'd like to help or split up how we do things, that'd be cool. I'm thinking of starting with Quest for Glory IV and providing an outline for the quests and areas in the game.--BigCow 05:07, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gtrmp


text:
User:BigCow~enwikibooks

Wikipedia: w:User:BigCow

Mainly working on:

Final Fantasy VI -> Just about finished, needs media content and tables

Quest for Glory -> Wide scope of project since there are 5 games in the series, overview and tips may be best.

Chrono Trigger -> Best game ever, exhaustively researched and evaluated by now, largely want a clear and complete guide. All the info is there, but it could use some more media content and perhaps some more introduction/explanation. Importing the character pages might help too.

title: User:BigCow~enwikibooks


text:
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title: User:Cryptic/standard.js


text:
User:Cryptic/standard.css

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title: User:Cryptic/standard.css


text:
Handbook of Descriptive Statistics/Measures of Distribution Shape/Skewness

A normal curve is bilaterally symmetrical. Skewness is a measure of departure from a normal curve. The coefficient of skewness is a statistical measure of asymmetry of a curve. The coefficient of skewness in a normal curve is zero.


text:
User talk:Cryptic

Please place messages on my talk page on Wikipedia; I'll see them much, much sooner. —Cryptic (talk) 07:04, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cryptic


text: Template:User ja

title: Template:User ja


text: Template:User ja-1

title: Template:User ja-1


text:
Transwiki:Buying snowboards

Snowboards and Snowboarding gear can be tricky as there are hundreds of different types and technologies. Of all the boardsports, including skateboarding and surfing, snowboarding probably has the most varied gear, with so much science into each model.

Board
The board you buy depends on your weight, height, and type of riding you plan to do. For freestyle, especially rails, the board's length should come up to your chin or lower. Pipe and freeride is often a little long, between the nose and chin. An alpine board can come in many lengths, from the height of your nose to taller than you. However, more important in choosing a board is your weight. Each board is designed for a different weight range so check the statistics for recommended weight on different boards.

Also, it is important to check the flex of the board (usually you can find this out through salespersons or manufacturer's description of the board). A beginner would want a flexier board. The heavier your are, the stiffer you want it too be. Also, pipe riders, freeriders, and alpine riders would want a stiffer board. Rail riders should keep their board rather flexy.

The width of the board should match your boots, taking the angle positions and stance of your boots into account. For freeride as little of the boot should stick over the board as possible, about 1cm max on the toeside (including the slant up that many boot manufactuers use. Alpine boards want about nothing sticking out.  For freestyle, it is more lenient, but still try to maintain less than 1cm over the board. bitch

Bindings
Strap Bindings are a little easier to choose than boards. Just make sure that the ankle strap is comfy, it fits your boots, and that its stiffness is compatible with your riding style. Carbon fiber reinforced bindings are generally for the advanced riders. There are also many little features on the bindings such as toestraps (which go around toes instead of over them), adjustable toe ramps and heelcups, extra high highbacks, and so forth. These are mostly preferences so ask the salesperson about them and see if it fits your riding.

Boots
Above all, boots should be comfortable. That is the number one thing to worry about so try them out in the store like you would for any other shoe. Also, boots, like everything snowboarding wise, have different stiffness. Ask the salesperson about different models. As usual, flexier gear is for beginners or rail riders. For sizing, it is recommended that the boots fit with little extra room and should be a little tight. One boot manufacturer known as ThirtyTwo has a liner that molds to your foot with body heat or using specially deisgned ovens as many retailers. Therefore it is often recommended that you go from a half size to one whole size smaller on those boots, as the molding will give you extra room after a couple days boarding.

title: Transwiki:Buying snowboards


text:
Transwiki talk:Buying snowboards

This article was transwikied from Buying snowboards. —Cryptic (talk) 07:28, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

The history of the article there was:
 * 01:35, 1 April 2005 Korath ( per vfd)
 * 19:16, 21 January 2005 Sam Hocevar m (spelling)
 * 12:02, 21 January 2005 Sam Hocevar m (spelling)
 * 21:40, 14 December 2004 Wikimol (unresolved ->  )
 * 09:22, 7 December 2004 Hn m (Add unencyclopedic tag)
 * 03:06, 7 December 2004 Rtechnix
 * 03:05, 7 December 2004 Rtechnix

title: Transwiki talk:Buying snowboards


text:
Slovio/Asking questions

Question words
Asking questions in Slovio can be done either by adding the word li to the beginning of otherwise affirmative sentence, or by using one of the question words.

Dialogue
 ! TIP Question words Please take a look at this dialogue:
 * kak = how
 * sxto = what
 * kai = what kind
 * gdem = where (movement)
 * kto = who
 * gda = when
 * pocx = why
 * zakj = why (slovenian?)

Vocabulary

 * zdrav - hello
 * cxutijsx - you feel (How are you?)
 * cxutijm - I feel
 * dobruo - well
 * derzxijsx - you hold
 * vo - in
 * ko - to
 * tvoi - your
 * ruk - hand
 * to - this
 * brosxur - brochure
 * turistju - tourist
 * interesju - interesting
 * ti - you (2nd person singular)
 * putovajsx - you travel
 * idijm - I go
 * Praga - Prague
 * idijt - he/she/it goes
 * so - with
 * te - you (instrumental case)
 * nikto - nobody
 * putovajm - I travel
 * samuo - alone
 * idijsx - you go
 * ibo - because
 * krasju - beautiful
 * da - yes
 * ja - I
 * tozxe - also
 * hcejm - (I) want
 * Cxehju Republik - Czech Republic
 * putovat - to travel
 * sledju - next
 * mesiac - month

title: Slovio/Asking questions


text:
Emulation/MSX

About MSX
MSX was a standardized computer architecture developed by ASCII corporation and Microsoft that was regionally popular in a number of locations during the 1980's. In particular it was the dominant computer standard in some countries of East Asia, and South America. It also saw some limited use in the education systems of the communist eastern bloc, including the Soviet education system. An MSX computer was even installed on the space station MIR. Because of this, a number of different manufacturers made MSX computers, and the MSX sports a diverse and historically significant software library.

 * MSX Standards
 * MSX
 * MSX2
 * MSX2+
 * MSX TurboR
 * Other MSX lines
 * Zemmix (South Korean MSX based game console line)

Common MSX Emulators

 * BlueMSX - Portable and open source emulator.
 * openMSX - Portable and open source emulator. Includes an open source alternative BIOS capable of booting some games.
 * fMSX - Portable MSX emulator.
 * Nintendo Virtual Console - Commercial emulator for specific officially licensed games. MSX emulation is available for Wii and Wii U only, and will likely be discontinued in the near future as of 2021.
 * BrMSX|BrMSX - Emulator for running on DOS based host computers. Development stopped in mid 2000's.

Alternatives to Emulation
Modern hardware reimplementations of MSX hardware such as 1chipMSX exist.

Dumping an MSX cartridge
Many, if not most, ROM images of MSX games and BIOSes are available on the internet. However, their legal status is doubtful (see MAME), some may have security issues, and somehow many have corrupt data. This is a guide on dumping your own ROM images.

If you would like to dump a cartridge which starts at boot time (like many games) there is an extra difficulty. There is no software solution for circumventing this. However, there are slot expanders (expands one slot to four slots) which allow you to turn off cartridges during boot. If you do not have such a thing, you can insert it after boot which can be dangerous (blown up computers have been reported) or modify the hardware.

How the latter can be done depends on the cartridge. However, one type is very well documented. It was common practice to disable the game in Konami SCC cartridges as the sound chip could be used.

Opening a Konami Cartridge
Peel off the sticker at the bottom left and right. At both sides, you will find a square hole. Insert a screwdriver in one of the holes, and loosen the notch which is located at the bottom. Try to open the cartridge a little such that the notch isn't working any more. Insert another screwdriver in the gap you have made. Follow the same procedure for the other hole and force the cartridge open.

Disabling Slot Select
This method disables the entire cartridge, so any SCC sound chip that is on-board won't work any more, but can be enabled again using the switch we will add.

Cut the Slot Select line. It runs from pin 4 of the connector. If it is an SCC cartridge, it runs to pin 10 of the SCC. Connect the Slot Select signal at the cartridge side +5V using an 3.3K - 10K resistor. Make a switch over the cut line.

Disabling Chip Select on SCC cartridge
This method has the advantage that the Konami SCC can still be used without having to switch on the cartridge; only the ROM is disabled.

The largest IC on the board is the SCC. The long flat thing is the D/A converter, which is really a resistor array. The smaller IC is the ROM, which has the RC code printed on it.

Find the CS line from the SCC to the ROM. It's easy to locate because there is a condensor connected to it. It runs from pin 8 on the SCC to the ROM, pin number:

 * pin 20 if it is a 1 megabit ROM (28 pins IC)
 * pin 24 if it is a 2 megabit ROM (32 pins IC), Nemesis 3 and Space Manbow
 * unknown if it is a 4 megabit ROM, Metal Gear 2: Solid Snake

Cut the line between the condensor and the ROM. Now, this is important because it is often forgotten: connect the CS of the ROM with resistor (3.3K - 10K) to the +5V. Make a switch over the cut line to be able to re-enable the ROM.

title: Emulation/MSX


text:
Talk:Emulation/MSX

This article was transwikied from Dumping MSX ROM cartridges. —Cryptic (talk) 09:48, 19 July 2005 (UTC)

The history of the article there was:
 * 18:03, 8 June 2005 196.204.149.243 (→Disabling Slot Select)
 * 09:10, 8 May 2005 Richard W.M. Jones (rv)
 * 18:31, 7 May 2005 212.38.144.97 (→Saving the ROM image)
 * 23:49, 2 April 2005 Korath ({{Move to Wikibooks}} per vfd)
 * 21:09, 19 December 2004 Richard W.M. Jones (Vote for deletion)
 * 17:53, 4 December 2004 CanisRufus m (RedWolf - bypassing redirect: ROM)
 * 03:33, 28 August 2004 Ht1848 m (typos)
 * 21:31, 23 August 2004 Seanyoung (creat)

title: Talk:Emulation/MSX


text:
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title: User:Serge/Experimental front page


text:
File:Constudtimeslit.gif

The right hand half of the image (the apparatus) is used with permission of the copyright holder. The left half is free for distribution and copying under GFDL.

Gerhard Paulus, one of the scientists who performed this experiment kindly provided part of the picture. Gerhard Paulus wrote: "One of my students made a beautiful figure putting spatial and temporal double slit in context. I attach it. You can use it either directly or change it in a way you believe it is more accessible to your audience." (2nd June 2005)

/Images

title: File:Constudtimeslit.gif