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Spanish/Exercises/¿Qué hora es?

Welcome to the exercises related to lesson 7 of ¡Aprovéchalo! The answers can be found here. Also, try translating the dialogue at the top of the lesson page.

Telling the time
Write the following times in full Spanish.
 * 3:00
 * 4:00
 * 2:25
 * 9:10
 * 10:30
 * 6:15
 * 2:35
 * 7:45
 * 1:15am
 * 8:55pm

Time-related adverbs
Translate the following from English to Spanish and vice versa.

 * 1) Normalmente, cenamos a las siete.
 * 2) Occasionally, I play football, but I really like rugby.
 * 3) ¿Juegas al ajedrez a menudo?
 * 4) Sometimes I eat lettuce, but I never eat tomatoes.
 * 5) Por la noche, me gusta mucho comer arroz.
 * 6) I rarely have lunch at 1pm.
 * 7) Normalmente, almuerza a las dos.
 * 8) I usually play tennis at 3pm.

Reflexive verbs
Fill in the gaps in the following text. You might not need to put anything in the gap.

 * Hola. (1)____ llamo Milagros, y tengo dieciséis años. (2)____ vivo en un piso grande en Madríd, en España. Normalmente, (3)____ la mañana, (4)____ levanto a las seis (5)____ media. Luego, (6)____ peino y desayuno con Rosa (mi hermana). Después, (7)____ maquillamos. Nunca (8)____ duchamos por (9)___ mañana - me gusta bañarme por la noche.
 * Usualmente, a (10)____ cuatro (11)____ la tarde, practicamos (12)____ la natación. (13)____ gusta mucho nadar. Por la tarde, (14)____ relajo: me gusta leer (15)____ ver la tele, pero usualmente, no hay nada (16)____ hacer.

title: Spanish/Exercises/¿Qué hora es?


text:
Spanish/Answers/¿Qué hora es?

Dialogue

 * Raúl: Hi Sofía! What time is it?
 * Sofía: It's 8:50.
 * Raúl: Thanks. What do you normally do in the morning?
 * Sofía: I get up at 7:00. Then, I have a shower and eat breakfast. Usually, I leave at 8:00.
 * Raúl: Ah, ok. So, when do you have lunch?
 * Sofía: I normally have lunch at 1:00.
 * Raúl: Ok. Goodbye!
 * Sofía: See you!

Telling the time

 * 1) Son las tres.
 * 2) Son las cuatro.
 * 3) Son las dos y veinticinco.
 * 4) Son las nueve y diez.
 * 5) Son las diez y media.
 * 6) Son las seis y cuarto.
 * 7) Son las tres menos veinticinco.
 * 8) Son las ocho menos cuarto.
 * 9) Es la una y cuarto de la mañana.
 * 10) Son las nueve menos cinco de la noche.

Time-related adverbs

 * 1) Usually, we have dinner at 7:00.
 * 2) De vez en cuando, juego al futból, pero me gusta mucho el rugby.
 * 3) Do you often play chess?
 * 4) A veces, como lechuga, pero nunca como tomates.
 * 5) At night, I really like eating rice.
 * 6) Almuerzo raramente a la una.
 * 7) Usually, he has lunch at 2:00.
 * 8) Suelo jugar al tenis a las tres de la tarde.

Reflexive verbs

 * Hola. (1)____ llamo Milagros, y tengo dieciséis años. (2)____ vivo en un piso grande en Madríd, en España. Normalmente, (3)____ la mañana, (4)____ levanto a las seis (5)____ media. Luego, (6)____ peino, y desayuno con Rosa (mi hermana). Después, (7)____ maquillamos. Nunca (8)____ duchamos por (9)___ mañana - me gusta bañarme por la noche.
 * Usualmente, a (10)____ cuatro (11)____ la tarde, practicamos (12)____ la natación. (13)____ gusta mucho nadar. Por la tarde, (14)____ relajo: me gusta leer, (15)____ ver la tele, pero usualmente, no hay nada (16)____ hacer.

 * Me
 * 1) Por
 * Me
 * Y
 * Me
 * 1) Nos
 * 2) Nos
 * La
 * 1) Las
 * De
 * 1) Nos
 * Me
 * 1) Para
 * Me
 * 1) Para
 * 1) Para

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Spanish/Answers/¿Qué hora es?


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User:Devildope

Hello! I'm David from Antioch, Illinois and i am new to Wikibooks but I feel that i have a lot to contribute so if you have anything that you would like on the subjects of US History or US Government, or about such subjects as the object of my obsession: Go, please feel fre to ask me about them!--Devildope 18:55, 8 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Devildope


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User talk:Devildope

I would like to contribute on the subjects of Go and US History and US Government, compartative government is not one of my SUPER strong points but i would be happy to contribute in any way possible.

title: User talk:Devildope


text:
Talk:Turkish/I am...

Irregular verbs
"etmek" is not an irregular verb IMHO. "etmek" -> "ediorum" is like "gitmek" -> "gidiyorum". This is consonant softening.

The only irregular verb I know is: "yemek" -> "yiyorum"

Regards, --EikeWelk 03:02, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Seems like some effort has been put in to simplify things. While I understand its logic, I do not see the point in teaching wrong grammar such as "seyretiyorum" (it would be "seyrediyorum"). I think there is the need to mention the vowels here. --Seksen iki yüz kırk beş (discuss • contribs) 20:43, 13 June 2012 (UTC)

ders 2 deki bütün fiil çekimleri yalnış ingilizce geniş zaman yazmışsın. türkçeye şimdiki zamanda çevirmişsin millet yalnış öğreniyor.

Descriptive Essay
Describe yourself to someone who has never met Descriptive words  41.114.196.204 (discuss) 12:38, 25 February 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Turkish/I am...


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Go/Lesson 4: Life and Death

Life and Death refers to situations that one would get themselves into but have a bleak ending. Or do they? There is a reason that it is called "Life and Death" and not just "Death". Making good things out of life and death situations are key features in playing Go. This is a concept that allows you to protect your groups from being captured by your opponent, and likewise to capture their's. The ability to make eyes and the ability to escape to neighboring stones are all key concepts to learn when you study Go and in particularly life and death problems. Life and Death is one of the most important concepts in Go, and any serious player should not neglect it; losing a group can be dangerous as you may not have enough compensation to make up for your lost points. In order for a group to be live, it must be able to have at least 2 eyes.

= Outside liberties = In order to kill your opponent's group, you must first surround all of the outside liberties of a group. This is to prevent that group from escaping and connecting with another one to guarentee it's live status.

= Eyes =

An Eye is an internal liberty of a group. While in some contexts, it specifically refers to a point where the opponent's stone can be placed inside, it can also more broadly refer to the internal liberties as well. A group can not live with 1 eye alone.

False-eyes
False eyes appear as an eye, but it can be easily captured. It it usually because the remaining liberty of that chain. In a Capturing race, these false eyes are functionally the same as a 'real' eye, but in Life and Death, these do not contribute to a group's life and death status.

= Basic Eye shapes =

Rectangular 6
= Ko =

For more info, check out the ../Resources/ page.

title: Go/Lesson 4: Life and Death


text: User:Mjchael

title: User:Mjchael


text:
User:Iamunknown/orphan-talk-page

No longer necessary.

title: User:Iamunknown/orphan-talk-page


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Introduction to Psychology/References

Allen, J. J. B., Harmon-Jones, E., & Cavender, J. H. (2001). Manipulation of frontal EEG asymmetry through biofeedback alters self-reported emotional responses and facial EMG. Psychophysiology, 38, 685-693. (This article should be mentioned in the chapter on learning because it demonstrates how an individual can change behavior through reward feedback, in the chapter on biopsychology because it demonstrates how to take conscious control of selective regional cortical activation, and in the chapters on neuropsychology and because it demonstrates the association of one pattern of brain activation with specific emotional experience)

Drake, R. A., & Myers, L. R. (2006). Visual attention, emotion, and action tendency: Feeling active or passive. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 608-622. (cited in the Emotion chapter)

Harmon-Jones, E., Vaughn-Scott, K., Mohr, S., Sigelman, J., & Harmon-Jones, C. (2004). The effect of manipulated sympathy and anger on left and right frontal cortical activity. Emotion, 4, 95-101. (Motivation and Emotion chapter)

title: Introduction to Psychology/References


text:
User:Iamunknown/u

 * Projects
 * User:Iamunknown/orphan-talk-page

title: User:Iamunknown/u


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Introduction to Psychology/Motivation and Emotion

An ancient, simplistic view of emotion was that positive-negative was the most interesting dimension. Magda Arnold (1969; see references chapter of this book) argued that active-passive was a more powerful conceptualization. This links the topics of emotion and motivation.

Eddie Harmon-Jones studied this issue with anger emotion. He asked whether it neurobiologically related to negative emotions or with active emotions. Is it more like the inaction of anxiety and depression or like the action tendencies associated with joy and love? Anger activates the left prefrontal cortex, like other action-oriented emotions (Harmon-Jones, Vaughn-Scott, Mohr, Sigelman, & Harmon-Jones, 2004).

This was supported by Drake and Myers (2006).

Related books

 * Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience/Motivation and Emotion
 * Motivation and Emotion


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Dutch/Lesson 17

Advanced level
Welcome to the first lesson of the advanced level of this course. You should have a pretty good understanding of Dutch grammar, a good basis in syntax and a considerable vocabulary by now. This means that you should be able to practice your Dutch on your own through books, websites, videos, TV programs etc. etc.

The advanced level will concentrate on a number of special topics that will deepen your command of the language. This part of the course is the least developed in terms of practice or cultural context and is more aimed at being a reference source for you to come back to when you run into things you do not quite understand when using your Dutch out there on your own.

Bijwoorden
We have seen two major groups of words in the Dutch language: naamwoorden (nouns, adverbs, pronouns etc.) and werkwoorden (transitive verbs, intransitives, copula's, auxiliaries). The third group that comprises all the rest is known as bijwoorden (adverbs) and again they occur in a number of forms. Unfortunately it is not possible to classify them quite as thoroughly as the other two groups. In fact it is a bit of a miscellaneous rest group, a kind garbage can into which anything is flung that does not fit in the other two.

We have already seen a few groups of words that fall under the denominator bijwoord in the more extensive sense of the word and we will examine a few more

 * 1) prepositional adverbs, like in, voor, mee, toe, heen, af etc.
 * 2) prepositions like in, op, bij, over, met, tot
 * 3) conjunctions (including subjunctions)
 * 4) modal adverbs (particles) like wel, maar, eens, ...
 * 5) adverbs of place and time, like nu, toen, dan or daar, waar
 * 6) interjections, like oh, hoi, ach, dag, nou

Prepositions and prepositional adverbs
Prepositions are often hard to translate exactly because which one is used in which case often differs between the languages.

Historically, prepositions developed from adverbs that were put before an object to clarify the meaning of a case ending. Later they supplanted the use of the case endings completely.

In Dutch many prepositions have an—often identical—adverbial form, the prepositional adverb, that occurs either as part of a separable verb or as the prepositional part of the pronominal adverb or simply by itself. As we have seen both of those compounds play a considerable role in Dutch grammar. Thus the separation between prepositions and adverbs is not as sharp in Dutch as it is in some other languages. In a sense Dutch is a rather adverbial language: adverbs play a major role.

Another role that prepositional adverbs sometimes play is that of complement of a copula (predicate):

 * De licht is aan en blijft aan
 * De bal is uit.

However, there are also prepositions that are just that: prepositions and not adverbs. They are historically from a later date and have often resulted from nouns or participles that got used as prepositions. They cannot be used to form pronominal adverbs, separable verbs or predicates.

Conversely, there are adverbs that never became prepositions, but they do get used to form compound verbs, pronominal adverbs and predicates, e.g. af:

 * pronominal adverb: eraf - er niet af
 * separable verb: afschieten - hij schoot af
 * predicate: het is nog niet af

Below is a list of the most common prepositions and prepositional adverbs to give an idea how they are used. The table gives an overview of the various roles that prepositions and their adverbs can play.

There is a number of forms that were formed by prefixing be- and often end in -(e)n, cf.

 * in - binnen
 * uit - buiten
 * over - boven
 * ne(d)er - beneden

English has a few comparable forms like before, between, beside, below and behind

IN, BINNEN
In translates mostly as its cognate in

 * hij woont in dat huis - he lives in that house
 * hij gelooft in spoken - he believes in ghosts

Its identical adverb in often occurs pronominal replacement: erin, daarin (in it, in there) etc. as well as in separable verbs as will be shown below.

Notice that Dutch does not have an equivalent of into but uses in as prepositional adverb to express the concept of movement 'into' something.

An alternative is to use binnen which often translates into inside

 * hij is binnen - he is inside
 * binnenlopen:
 * e.g. Hij liep het huis binnen. ‘’He entered the house.’’
 * binnen twee minuten - within two minutes

To emphasize movement naar can be added:

 * hij liep naar binnen - he walked in
 * hij liep er naar binnen - he entered it

Notice that Dutch grammar has no hangups about ending sentences in 'prepositions'. A word like binnen is not considered a preposition unless it actually precedes a noun. Otherwise it is an adverb and there is no law against ending a sentence in an adverb...

UIT, BUITEN
uit is represented by out of or from

 * uit dit erts wordt goud gewonnen - out of this ore gold is produced
 * hij komt uit Utrecht - he is from Utrecht

buiten usually means outside

 * buiten de stad - outside the city
 * hij is buiten - he is outside
 * hij ging naar buiten - he went ouside'

DOOR
door is a cognate of through and often corresponds to it:

 * Het licht valt door het raam. The light shines through the window.

In many cases the correct translation is by particularly when it is used with the passive voice:

 * Hij is door de wol geverfd. lit. He has been dyed by the wool. (He is a veteran, old hand.)

Together with heen the meaning is through and through or passage through:

 * Hij stak de naald door het vel heen. He stuck the needle (all the way) through the skin.

BIJ
Although the word is cognate of by it often is used rather differently. It indicates a location slightly to the side of something.

 * Schiphol ligt bij Amsterdam - Schiphol is near Amsterdam
 * bij de les blijven - stay with the lesson
 * bij slecht weer - in the case of bad weather
 * het is bij vijven - it is around five o'clock
 * hij bleef erbij - he stuck to it

OP
Although cognate of up it usually translates as on or upon

 * hij is op vakantie - he is on vacation
 * het boek ligt op de tafel - the book lies on the table.
 * op je gezondheid - a toast to you health (not : up your .. etc.)

NAAST
naast translates mostly into next to, beside

 * Jan en Elly wonen naast John en Heleen. Jan and Elly are the neighbors of John and Heleen.
 * Zij wonen ernaast.

OVER
over translates mostly as it identical cognate:

 * hij vloog over het koekoeksnest - he flew over the cuckoo's nest

It can also translate as about
 * hij praat veel over auto's. He talks a lot about cars.

BOVEN
boven translates as its cognate above

 * hij zette er een punt boven: he put a dot above it.

Its identical adverb usually means up, upstairs

 * hij is boven : he is upstairs

To indicate movement Dutch uses naar

 * hij liep naar boven - he went upstairs, he went up the hill etc.

TEGEN
tegen usually translates as against

 * hij was tegen dit wetsvoorstel - he opposed this proposition
 * de fiets stond tegen de muur - the bike stood against the wall

but:

 * hij zei tegen haar - he said to her

ZONDER
zonder means without

 * hij drinkt koffie zonder suiker

TEGENOVER
tegenover means on the opposite side of.

 * Het hotel staat tegenover het conferentiecentrum. The hotel is opposite the conference center.

VOOR
This preposition has two meanings, one corresponds to English for

 * Dat is voor jóú. That is for you

But with a different stress pattern is means before either in place or time or in favor of

 * Hij is vóór jou. He is before you (in line e.g.)
 * Hij stemde vóór de motie. He voted in favor of the motion

Used as an adverb, it often gets an ending -en:

 * Hij liep naar voren. He walked to the front.

ACHTER
Achter is mostly translated as behind. Some dialects, e.g. in Zeeland and West Flanders have a form bachten in the meaning of behind but it is not considered part of standard Dutch.

 * Hij stond achter de tafel. He stood behind the table.

As adverb it can also translate into back:

 * Hij keek naar achter. He looked back

In that meaning it often gets an ending -en:

 * Hij liep naar achteren. He walked to the back.

ACHTERIN
achterin translate mostly into in the back of

 * Achterin de auto liggen nog wat boodschappen - In the trunk of the car there a still a few groceries

It is often used as an adverb together with in:

 * Het lag achterin in de auto

ACHTEROP
achterop is mostly used to indicate the passenger seat of a bike and is used as an adverb. As a preposition it falls apart. (See lesson 23.)

 * achter op de fiets - on de back of the bike
 * met z'n meisie achterop - with his girl on the back

NE(D)ER, BENEDEN
The form beneden can be used as preposition in the meaning of below, under underneath, south of

 * beneden de rivieren - south of the rivers (i.e. Rhine, Meuse etc.)
 * beneden de Iridiumlaag vind je dinosaurusbotten - below the Iridium layer you find dinosaur bones

With naar it indicates downward movement:

 * hij viel naar beneden - he fell down

The form neer (<neder) is not used as a preposition but occurs as an adverb with the meaning of down in separable verbs.

BEZIJDEN
bezijden is comparable to besides but occurs mostly in the expression.

 * bezijden de waarheid - aside of the truth (i.e. not true)

BENEVENS
benevens is a rather formal alternative to naast (besides, next to).

 * benevens de aandelen is er het huizenbezit - besides the stocks is there the real estate

ONDER
onder is the cognate of under and has similar applications:

 * de hond ligt onder de tafel - het dog lies under the table

It can also be used in the meaning of among:

 * onder professoren - in the circle of professors

Used as adverb it can get an ending -en

 * Het is van onderen wit. It is white on the bottom side.

MET/ME(D)E

met usually means with.

 * hij gaat met zijn vrouw naar Canada - he goes to Canada with his wife

Its adverbial form is mee (or originally: mede).

NAAR, TOT, TOE, HEEN, WEER
naar translates mostly as to or at:

 * hij kijkt naar het schilderij - he looks at the painting
 * hij kijkt ernaar - he looks at it.
 * hij gaat naar Kaapstad - he is going to Cape Town

In the sense of to rather than at naar is often reinforced by adding the adverb toe:

 * hij gaat naar Kaapstad toe

In pronominal replacement the addition is mandatory:

 * hij gaat ernaartoe

Alternatively, however, one can say:

 * hij gaat erheen - he is going there

heen is an adverb that indicates movement. It does not occur as preposition but there are separable verbs:

 * heengaan - to leave (usually permanently)

 * hij ging heen - he left

Its opposite is weer (from: we(d)er- that means back or again)

 * heen en weer - back and forth

It occurs in separables like:

 * weerkeren
 * hij keerde weer - he came back
 * de wederkomst - the second coming

It is related to with as in withstand and forms inseparable verbs as in English:

 * weerstaan - withstand

toe is the adverbial form of the preposition tot that mostly means until or to:

 * dit is geldig tot het eind van de maand - this is valid until the end of the month
 * dit dient tot versterking van de dijk - this serves to reinforce the dyke
 * dit is waartoe het dient - this is the purpose it serves

Another meaning of toe is closing, narrowing. Somewhat archaic is:
 * doe dat eens toe - please would you close that

It also occurs in expressions like:
 * af en toe - occasionally, now and then

and it occurs in a separable verb like:

 * zich toespitsen - become more acute - coming to climax
 * e.g. Het geweld spitst zich toe. The violence is exacerbating.

A leftover of the old case system are expressions like

 * tot bloedens toe -- until blood was flowing
 * tot vervelens toe -- ad nauseam

Notice that the verb appears as a genitive case: bloedens, vervelens. Although uncommon this genitive is still somewhat productive.

TUSSEN
tussen means mostly between

 * tussen Maryland en Noord-Carolina ligt Virginia. Between Maryland and North Carolina lies Virginia

VAN, AF
van translates mostly into of and from:

 * van verse tomaten is een heerlijke soep te bereiden - a delicious soup can be made of fresh tomatoes
 * het westen van het land - the west of the country
 * hij komt van ver - he comes from far
 * hij viel van zijn stoel - he fell off his chair

When a downwards motion or fall is implied as in the latter case, the adverb af (cognate of off) can be added:

 * hij viel van de trap - he fell off the stairs
 * hij viel eraf - he fell off
 * het water komt van die berg af - the water comes from that mountain
 * het komt ervanaf - it comes off of it

af does not occur as proposition, but is part of separable verbs:

AAN
aan has various translations such as to, at, on or is implied in an English verb. It typically implies a touching or reaching until contact is made.

 * Zij plakten een affiche aan de muur - They stuck a poster on the wall
 * Hier komt deze laag aan de oppervlakte - Here this layer reaches the surface
 * Aan deze feiten valt niet te twijfelen - These facts can not be doubted
 * Er valt weinig aan te doen - There is little we can do about it
 * Wat is er aan de hand? - What is at hand? What is happening?
 * Hij zit aan het schilderij - He is touching the painting
 * Hij zit eraan - He is touching it
 * Nergens aan zitten! - Hands off!

A prepositional object with aan replaces an indirect object:
 * Hij gaf hem een book - He gave him the book
 * Hij gaf een boek aan hem - He gave a book to him

af is the opposite of aan in:
 * af en aan - off and on

But uit can also be the opposite:

 * Is het licht aan of uit? - Is the light on or off?

OM
om can mean around:

 * hij deed een nieuwe band om de velg - he put a new tire around the rim
 * om de burcht ligt een gracht - there is a moat around the castle

In this meaning it is often reinforced with heen:

 * er ligt een gracht om de stad heen
 * er ligt een gracht omheen

It can also have less literal meaning of about, because of, for:

 * dit werd om onduidelijke redenen afgelast - this was cancelled for unclear reasons

There are separable verbs:

 * omdoen - wrap around
 * e.g. Zij deed een sjaal om. She put a shawl around her neck.

Under German influence om can also imply change, inversion.

 * hij liet zich ompraten - he allowed himself to be persuaded to change his mind
 * wegomlegging - detour

LANGS
langs evokes a parallel position or motion and is mostly translated by along.

 * langs de rivier loopt een weg - there is a road along the river
 * hij liep erlangs - he passed by it

MIS
As in English this adverb conveys the meaning of 'wrong', 'flawed'. It is not used as a preposition. Its antonym is raak.

title: Dutch/Lesson 17


text: Dutch/Vocabulary/School

title: Dutch/Vocabulary/School


text:
Dutch/Vocabulary/Landscape

Dutch/vocabulary/landscape

Quizlet
You can also practice this material with flashcards at Quizlet

title: Dutch/Vocabulary/Landscape


text:
Dutch/Vocabulary/Family

Dutch/Vocabulary/familie

 * de vader - father
 * de pa . papa - dad
 * de moeder - mother
 * de ma, mama - mam
 * de broer - brother
 * de zus, zuster - sister
 * de tweeling - twin
 * de tweelingbroer -twin brother
 * de zoon - son
 * de dochter - daughter
 * de kleinzoon - grandson
 * de kleindochter - granddaughter
 * de opa - grandad
 * de oma - granma
 * de grootvader - grandfather
 * de grootmoeder - grandmother
 * de oom - uncle
 * de tante - aunt
 * de neef – male cousin, nephew
 * de nicht – female cousin, niece
 * de achterkleinzoon - greatgrandson
 * de overgrootmoeder- greatgrandmother
 * de betovergrootvader - greatgreatgrandfather

title: Dutch/Vocabulary/Family


text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2007/February

Page Protection Updated
I just wanted to let all admins know that the page protection mechanism has been updated, and there are now more options available when you protect a page. I recommend that all admins check out these new options. We might need to update the text of Administrators to account for this. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 00:18, 23 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Expiry of protections is pretty cool, but I definitely think we need to warn about using the cascade feature here. I don't see it as having much use at Wikibooks and it could prove a bit dangerous. -within focus 00:59, 24 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with you pretty much, cascading protection might be useful in some circumstances, but should not be used often. expiry times should likely become the norm, protection against temporary vandalism, protection during flame or edit wars, etc. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 02:21, 24 January 2007 (UTC)

 * reset

On this topic I found this one interesting and worth sharing. Could well be useful m:Talk:Small_Wiki_Monitoring_Team in the context stated? -- Herby talk thyme 14:12, 2 February 2007 (UTC)

Request: page protection

 * Please create and protect Link title. It has been deleted [ ten times]. --Iamunknown 07:06, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Done.--Az1568(Talk) 07:09, 3 February 2007 (UTC)

Panic's Block
I have decided to unblock Panic and reblock him for 2 weeks because: 1. the original block was 2 weeks 2. the 6 month block was without community approval or good reason 3. I believe the block given by SBJohhny was fair and so we should abide by his original block. I have done this without community approval but feel it necessary because of considerable arguements. I feel this is the middle ground given views on Wikibooks at the moment. I also believe that this action is being bold and that others may revert it if they feel strongly but please make sure you explain yourself clearly as present actions seem to be personal attacks on Panic. Feel free to flame me for this but it's what I believe is right. Xania talk 12:39, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Very bad and hypocritical move on your part but I left you a message explaining why on your talk page. Blocks are absolutely not actions to be bold about. The community can handle it now. -within focus 13:57, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Page consolidation
I want to merge this page with WB:VIP, and have a single source where users can get in touch with administrators. We had talked about this issue before and we all got sidetracked on it. I want to do this either today or tomorrow (i actually have alot of time in these next few days), if everybody is interested. I'm going to start a similar project on the staff lounge soon, to reorganize it all. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 14:11, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I've created a basic outline of my plan at User:Whiteknight/Admin. This page consolidates WB:AN, and WB:VIP. It also posts necessary links to relevant policy documents, and other discussion areas relevant to administration. Comments, suggestions, are welcome. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 18:47, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

Sockpuppet watch
Panic has been making a bunch of sockpuppets and then using them disruptively. At least some of the IPs he's been using have turned out to be Open Proxies. I'm not entirely sure what to do about it, but we should keep an eye out, and perhaps hardblock the IPs used as well.

German Wikibooks had this sort of problem about a month ago, and pat of their solution was to semi-protect the pages in the book the puppeteer was interested in. -- SB_Johnny | talk 17:12, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Disruptive is a bit of a overstatement, can you provide evidence of any disruptive behavior ? --Cinap(se) 19:10, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Hi Panic :). -- SB_Johnny | talk 19:22, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Open proxies are used by people for many reasons. I know it's Wiki policy to block these on sight (although I refuse to perform such tasks) they are a lifeline for people who lives in countries where Wiki sites are blocked or monitored extensively.  Panic shouldn't be creating these accounts if he's going to use them to "disrupt" the project (the above comment is hardly disruptive though) but I know I'd be doing the same thing if I was blocked and there was no possibility of being unblocked. Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 21:39, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * This is hardly the place to argue about the policy on open proxies. Panic shouldn't be creating sockpuppets for any reason, he has been blocked from editing by general community concensus. That block applies to his person, not just to his primary account. All anybody wants from Panic, all anybody has ever wanted, is a little understanding and demonstration of good faith. People became very upset about Panic's actions, and he refuses to even allow for some wrongdoing on his part. Some people asked for an apology, that didn't happen. Now, all we want to hear is "I understand there were problems in the past, I will try to avoid such problems in the future". Instead of even providing such a non-commital statement as that, Panic decided to create these sock puppets to "prove" that he doesn't need to follow the rules, or be civil in order to edit here. Breaking a behavioral norm to prove a point (even if it isn't hard-coded into policy) is disruptive behavior, and is a remarkably bad-faith alternative to a very easy solution. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 21:58, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Wikibooks_talk:Blocking_Policy will be a better place, but "he" must point something out, there was not community consensus in several instances, "he" didn't particularly approve User:Whiteknight interpretation of consensus and Sock puppets only prove that it can be easily subverted (also not the proper place but had to be said).
 * "His" patience (not "his" good faith) as "he" hasn't yet done anything wrong, may have run out but as "he" sees people referring to "his" situation as "a party" and talking about consecutive or even permanent block, a demonstration that it will not solve the problem was in order. --Cinap(se) 22:35, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

 * This is not the place to spew your soapbox. You've been blocked nonetheless. -within focus 23:57, 22 February 2007 (UTC)

What happened to ARM ?
What happened to ARM ? The discussion at Talk:ARM/Introduction leads me to suspect there there used to be a page ARM/Introduction, but it has been (accidentally?) deleted. Is it possible for an admin to dig around in the archives and "un-delete" that page? And check the other red links at ARM, and un-delete them as well? (Although I suspect most of *those* red links were never created in the first place). --DavidCary 01:37, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

I did some digging around for you. The original text of the page was a copy+paste copyright violation, and was deleted for legal reasons. We can't undelete the text of that page, because it's illegal. Unfortunately, you would do much better to just start rewriting it from scratch. I'll look around at some of the other pages, and see what I can find. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 01:44, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you, Whiteknight, for checking it out. Looks like we will rewrite it from scratch. I have no doubt it will end up better than that other non-shareable version. --DavidCary 18:19, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

I'm taking a break...
After the sheer insanity of the past few days, I'm feeling a bit fried, and need to take a break for a few days. Since I don't think there will be much support for unblocking Panic this week, I assume my absence won't be a problem as far as the moderation goes.

I have, however, asked a friend and fellow administrator from commons (Cool_Cat) to talk to him in my stead, since I think a truly outside point of view would be helpful here. Aside from being willing to become meat for the grinder, she is also better versed in copyright stuff than I am (most commons admins are... I'm the ignoramus of the lot around there). I'll check in, but for the most part I really need a week afk, because this has become way too much work! I think she's planning to start "from scratch" rather than readin through all the garbage, so please be patient.

Panic has said that he will not use sockpuppets outside of the puppets' user spaces, and I think we should take him at his word on that. In the meantime, I'm switching his block to indefinite (since that's the reality now), but I hope to appeal that block sometime soon. -- SB_Johnny | talk 02:15, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

 * And an update on that: Panic is no longer blocked. If this yields no results, I will of course reblock, but I hope that won't be needed. -- SB_Johnny | talk 03:02, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Panic cannot be unblocked based on his most recent actions as well as the community decision to keep him blocked until he completes a resolution process. I have notified Az1568. -within focus 03:06, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm sorry that this has taken such a toll on you, Johnny. I really am. But I have to say that I oppose non-binding mediation as a method to solve this issue at this time. It has gone far beyond that. Whatever the next stage of resolution process it needs to be community sanctioned, fair, thorough and binding. Also, important decisions (like whether to unblock Panic, an action that was previously agreed to by community consensus in a very public forum) should not be made by a few individuals on IRC. There is no easy way out, and particularly this easy way out is destined for failure. One more failed attempt to resolve this issue is the last thing the community needs. I cannot see any resolution that some party or parties would not object to and various parties have already demonstrated their willingness to ignore previous mediation agreements and attempts at mediation. -- xixtas talk 15:03, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Alternate proposal
Since I do not want to criticize and not offer alternatives, I would suggest:
 * using binding arbitration instead.
 * using the existing proposed arbitration process in a trial run.
 * Cool Cat be asked to be an arbitrator.
 * Others be asked to join as arbitrators. A few people I can think of who are either uninvolved or only peripherally involved are Derbeth, Herby, Robin, Iamunknown, myself and Az1568.

As for myself, I would be willing to be one of several arbitrators if people would have me. I realize that some would think I've been too involved to arbitrate this but I believe I can be fair. My interest has always been in doing the right thing. -- xixtas talk 15:03, 25 February 2007 (UTC)

Request for block of User:Panic2k4
Sorry it's come to this, but Panic is violating the WB:CIVIL policy on too many fronts now, and it's time to call an end to it. The three blocks I imposed on him were for "trolling", by which I mean trying to get someone involved in an argument with him rather than being productive (such as contributing to Wikibooks), having a conversation with someone else, or just trying to avoid the person doing the trolling.

This has gone over the top this past week, Examples include:
 * Using sockpuppet accounts without identifying them as such (and of course using them to go around a block).
 * Naming sockpuppet accounts for the purpose of making personal attacks (User:NoJonny, User:WithoutFocus, User:FallenKnight)
 * Composing a fictional story on his talk page which clearly implies that I am an evil person who gets his kicks out of oppressing innocent people
 * Making legal threats against me

Until today, I was offering to moderate with Panic in the hopes that he might agree to get along, but I'm not willing to do that now. Unless someone else wants to try (which I don't recommend), I think he should be permanently blocked. -- SB_Johnny | talk 00:00, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Given the feeling around here and Panic's recent actions which definitely overstep being civil I am willing to block Panic very soon. I would be interested in hearing what people think should be an appropriate length for such a ban.

(Xania had asked for opinions on IRC, and recorded the responses below. I was there, and he is reporting correctly.-- SB_Johnny | talk
 * user:Xania - 1 month ban
 * User:SBJohnny - indefinite ban (to be unblocked if Panic agrees to change and addresses the previous problems)
 * User:Darklama - indefinite ban until such time as there is community consensus is unblock him and he has addressed all previous problems.
 * User:Az1568 - indefinitie ban (to be unblocked if Panic agrees to change and addresses the previous problems)
 * User:Withinfocus - Infinite, but we can call it indefinite if we want. This is much more than a six-month issue now. Panic adds little to no value to the community here anymore and I'd say I would find him impossible to work with here. Maybe in a long time he can try talking to the community again.
 * User:xixtas - I never agreed that Panic should be unblocked. His block should resume until he fulfills the stipulations the community has set for him. But not necessarily for the reasons described above.

I have now blocked Panic indefintely. Please can someone check that the block was made correctly as I usually mess up somehow. Panic's block can be reveresed at any time if he changes his ways, agrees to work with others and there is community approval. --Xania talk 14:57, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * In light of Panic's recent comments in response to questions posed by Whiteknight, I would support the unblocking of Panic once again. I'd like to hear what other Wikibooks users and administrators think about this. Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 00:24, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * How many rounds does this need to go? If you're going to take action on something then stick with it. His most recent block occurred two days ago and was set to infinite. People need to take a break and stop scrambling for new solution after new solution. I don't support an unblock whatsoever and don't think this issue should even be discussed for at least two weeks to a month. The more switch toggling that happens the less useful the block tool becomes and with things like this it has little worth. This is not a game. Leave it be for a little while until something new and substantial actually happens. In this short a time period and by what I've seen Panic say, not much has happened and there's no reason to change the block. -within focus 00:53, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Panic's recent comments have certainly been a good (and surprising) change in attitude, and I do agree that there is progress being made. However, I agree with Matt that the block tool is not a toy, nor something to be taken lightly. People need to step back and cool off from the issue because it is through rash decisions that mistakes are made. I don't necessarily think however that a month needs to go by before we start making changes (sorry withinfocus).
 * Give it a week, and if everybody is cool and calm by then, we can work to get the block lifted. A week of everybody being nice and good-natured will be a good sign that the problems are all solved and that we can get back to business as usual. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 03:36, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I think we need to wait... Panic's current attitude is indeed promising, but has he acknowledged what it is about his behavior that has cause harm in the past? How can he avoid that behavior if he's either unaware of it or thinks there's nothing wrong with it? While I certainly support as speedy a resolution as possible, the issue needing to be resolved is not the block, but the issues that brought the block about. -- SB_Johnny | talk 13:00, 2 March 2007 (UTC)

Administration Rights? Transwikis...
Among other things, I am interested in developing Introduction to Psychology. It seems the best way to do that would be to integrate a variety of articles from Wikipedia, at least to start.

How is it that I can gain rights to Transwiki items from Wikipedia? Do I need admin rights or could I simply be granted just that privilege? I don't believe I am already able to transwiki with my privileges as they stand. I was looking on the request for administartor rights page and the administrator page and did not see any references to transwiking. I also looked at Transwiki and pages to be transwikied.

So if the community trusts me, for the sake of efficiency I would like to be granted rights to transwiki pages from Wikipedia. If I need to request admin rights, then I will do that, but I thought I would check it out here first. Thanks. --Remi 07:27, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * If the pages are coming from wikipedia, we have a special tool called "Import", that allows us to bring pages from wikipedia to wikibooks, while preserving the page history. Only administrators have the ability to use import, however.
 * Towards the top of this page there is a heading "Requests for Import", and you can list the pages you want to bring over, and the admins here will take care of it for you. If you are frustrated by how slow we do it, you can nominate yourself for adminship at WB:RFA. Good luck with your project! --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 14:12, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Better yet, use WB:RFI to make the request... a couple of us keep a close eye on it. -- SB_Johnny | talk 15:02, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * What's the rational for making Import an administrator privilege? Is there a danger in allowing non-admins to do this? -- Jim Thomas 16:54, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I have no idea, to be honest with you, it's a software thing. Ask the developers why they wanted it this way. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 18:27, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I think there are some bandwidth issues where the developers are concerned that if too many non-admins start to pull pages between projects, that the whole server farm could collapse. While an individual admin might experiment a few times, they quickly tire of the experimentation and only do requests or page imports where there is a geunine need.  It does suck up quite a bit of bandwidth in the server farm in order to do a real page import.  In addition, the tool was experimental and tempermental, and the developers didn't think that the page import tool was "ready for prime time".  In fact, I didn't get to use it at all until Wikiversity finally was approved and the number of pages that needed to be imported was so large that the developers felt that Wikiversity was a good pilot project to see how it would affect the current server configuration.  --Rob Horning 21:46, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

 * The tool actually still is quite tempermental, and is prone to hicupping half-way through an import. One advantage of having the other admin tools handy is so that you can delete the half-imported pages before trying again (though I've learned through experience to check #wikimedia-tech on irc before retrying... if they're talking about problems with squids (or any gastropods for that matter), don't bother trying again for a while). -- SB_Johnny | talk 22:47, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Another Strange thing with import: Was just transwikiing Transwiki:Gypsy moth, and got the "wikimedia is having problems" page. I went to the page to see how much of the history had been brought over, and it was only up to October '06. I then reloaded that page and it was up to November. Reloaded a third time and the entire history was there. Just another thing to keep an eye on, I guess :). -- SB_Johnny | talk 15:46, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

Integrating Transwikis
If I had two or more articles transwikied here from Wikipedia that need to be integrated together for a chapter, how would I go about doing that properly? Thanks. --Remi 22:22, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't know. I'd like to know the proper way to integrate transwikied pages into an existing Wikibook chapter.  I ended up moving a transwikied page, chopping it down to the essentials that I needed, and transcluding it into my chapter.  I anticipate the future need to split a transwikied page into multiple parts, but have no idea how to cobble that together. I'm coming to the opinion that it would be a lot easier to just paste the history into the talk page. The current import approach appears to assume that you are using a Wikipedia article as a starting point rather than as a source of additional information. -- Jim Thomas 22:55, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

A deletion request
I am not active in most areas currently - this was placed on my talk page -- Herby talk thyme 07:42, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

''Hi! I think these unsourced images can be deleted now. The uploader seems to have left the project (his last edit was on 23 December, 2005). Thanks, KFP 15:55, 22 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Image:Snowcub.jpg (tagged November 21)
 * Image:Manulkitten.jpg (tagged January 10)
 * Image:Ocelotkitten.jpg (tagged January 10)
 * Image:Cheetahcub.jpg (tagged January 10)
 * Image:Cloudcub.jpg (tagged January 10)
 * Image:Tigercub.jpg (tagged January 10)
 * Image:Servalkitten.jpg (tagged January 10)
 * Image:Caracalkitten.jpg (tagged January 10)
 * Image:Jaguarcub.jpg (tagged January 10)
 * Image:Panthers.jpg (tagged January 14)
 * Image:Swiftcheetah.jpg (tagged January 14)
 * Image:Cloudedleopard.jpg (tagged January 14)
 * Image:Manul.jpg (tagged January 14)
 * Image:Sandcat.jpg (tagged January 14)
 * Image:Rustyspottedcat.jpg (tagged January 14)
 * Image:European wild cat.jpg (tagged January 14)
 * Just please don't delete the links in any pages to these images. I am in contact with John Burkitt (who, I think, is the uploader of all the images) via e-mail and am working with him to see if anything can be done with these images. --Iamunknown 02:52, 28 January 2007 (UTC)
 * So... Anyone? Image:Snowcub.jpg has been tagged as lacking source information for more than three months and all others have been tagged for over a month. --KFP 23:49, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

CommonsTicker

 * Would an administrator consider looking into creating a CommonsTicker page for Wikibooks? I would, but an administrator must set it up. Go to m:User:Duesentrieb/CommonsTicker to read the instructions. If one is created, I will definitely add it to my watchlist. --Iamunknown 01:31, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

Standard Meta Templates
Would it be possible to have a update made to the common.css page so that Meta's standard sister projects infoboxes like Meta work properly? The one's on the commons and wikipedia seem most up to date, as they also include class="messagebox standard-talk" which is missing at Meta. The unicode font table loading order for those two also seem to be the best for multilingual needs. Thanks. // Fra nkB 21:10, 19 February 2007 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Nimur

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window that will insert this, too; it looks like part of a signature.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! Webaware talk 00:38, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nimur


text:
User:Hoogli

I'm no longer active on wikibooks.

title: User:Hoogli


text:
JET Database/Contributors

Individuals

 * User:Webaware - NSW, Australia

title: JET Database/Contributors


text:
User talk:203.148.177.215

Regarding edits made during April 9 2007
Please take care not to replace Wikibooks pages with blank content. Blank pages are harmful to Wikibooks because they have a tendency to confuse readers. If it is a duplicate article, please redirect it to an appropriate existing page. If the page has been vandalised, please revert it to the last legitimate version. If you feel that the content of a page is inappropriate, please edit the page and replace it with appropriate content. If you believe there is no hope for the page, please see the deletion policy for how to proceed. If page is no longer useful, insert delete to its top. Thanks for contributing to Wikibooks! If this is an IP address, and it is shared by multiple users, ignore this warning if you did not make any unconstructive edits. Az1568(Talk) 01:08, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:203.148.177.215


text:
Talk:C++ Programming/About the Book/Authors

The contributors here want to avoid conflict with you. If they want to remove their names, they can remove them. 3rd parties have added names to author pages before. I don't see anything wrong with it in this case. -- xixtas talk 01:21, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * This is not about conflict, I will not act against any other author, I have stated so, but this is a legal document, consider it as a requirement to take responsibility for what you claim (you sign your posts, you log into wikibooks), so the option is open to anyone to claim their rights and subscribe to the GFDL, but they must do it themselves, any author has legal options to request to be forcefully listed if prevented (this is not what I'm doing) and to have erroneous/conflicting claims resolved, this may include copyright disputes. --Panic 01:32, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * You have no authority to grant other peoples rights over this work or make legal decisions for them. --Panic 01:41, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I'll support you in requesting other authors to sign the page, but probably not the complete list you have added, another point is that are now 4 authors listed on this page. --Panic 01:52, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Of all the wrong-headed things you have done, this may be the wrong-headedest. This page confers no special privileges or obligations (not already transferred by the edit histories here) and these are not legal signatures. (Although I agree that it is a legal document.) It is recognition, plain and simple, and that you would deprive others who have invested freely of their time, talent and knowledge of that small amount of recognition is both mean and uncivil in my view. I will not engage in an edit war with you, but I will support anyone who agrees that additional Wikibookians should be credited with their contributions on this page and acts to recognize them. -- xixtas talk 02:44, 9 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't agree with the "wrong-headed things" bit but I understand you seeing them as such.
 * I agree that this page confers no special privileges on Wikibooks no obligations in general, but it legally informs users of right owners and it is were authors grant rights under the GFDL.
 * Legal signature is a simplification, as you make a change when you edit, you get attribution and the intention of any change on this page is clear if performed to ascertain authorship of the work and validate the GFDL.
 * This is not a recognition, the listed authors aren't recognizing anything, they are informing others of the claim of authorship of the work and granting some of their rights to the FSF under the GFDL, it is up to other right owners to make sure no one infringes on their rights (but not an obligation).
 * I will support and welcome any author that wishes to add himself to this page. --Panic 02:56, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

My attention was called to this page when I was reading the talk page history of WB:OWN. I decided to add myself, having previously contributed to the book. But when I glanced at this discussion page, I noticed Panic's statement above about authors adding themselves. I thought I might point out that Darklama seems to have added his name (along with a few others) in this diff, but which was subsequently taken down by Panic. Given the hot button issue this seems to have been in the past I don't think I will add his name, but it seemed to me this was an accident and should be pointed out. Thenub314 (talk) 06:44, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Darklama and I have already discussed the subject but I will always be open to talk with him about the issue, in any case I have noticed that you have been interested in the discussion about ownership and authorship, and did add yourself to this authors list. That I'm invested part.
 * I remind you that by doing so you are claiming ownership over the work (with all the legal implications), a quick check I made sees that in the year 2010 you did 4 edits none of them of a copyrightable nature.
 * 1 December 2010
 * 16 August 2010
 * 16 August 2010
 * As an author and copyright holder to this work I can't remember any extensive contribution that would grant you the right to claim shared authorship or ownership over the content. Please validate your claim (US Copyright Law/Copyrightable Works - Author), thanks. --Panic (talk) 13:45, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Well I was mostly thinking of my work in 2009 when I added my name. But perhaps our ideas of what is extensive differ, or about what is independently copyrightable.  Exactly how much of a contribution is necessary, in your opinion, to be copyrightable?  Perhaps none of my contributions will fit the bill. Thenub314 (talk) 16:39, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

 * IANAL but I've explored the subject extensively. There is a small distinction in what is copyrightable and claiming authorship/ownership over all the book's content. I can quote in any work parts of copyrightable material without gaining any control over them. adding copyrightable material to a work doesn't automatically makes one a co-author.
 * An author (or copyright owner), deals with terms like "significant amount" or "noticeable contribution" in a work and has responsibility over it (one becomes liable), this starts as one claims ownership over a work.
 * The US copyright law is extremely diffuse, in general it states that an author must have made a substantial contribution to qualify for authorship. In other words do you feel that you have contributed as much or near as much as other authors, it is fundamentally intuitive that authorship credit should be given where credit is due. This article, by real lawyers may provide further insight on the subject Copyright Ownership: The Joint Authorship Doctrine. When I have the time I'll look in your 2009 contributions.
 * If you have the time and interest take a look in this paper or search around.
 * My interest here is to protect my own rights over my own contributions and work (reuse), get the due recognition, provide a clear licensing for distribution and reuse and keep some control over aggregation with other works. It can also serve to provide a streamlined way to relicense it (untested, and dependent of the specific copyright law). It would be impossible otherwise to establish co-authorship and keep a list of the required attributions or undo them. --Panic (talk) 18:43, 2 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I do not mean to step on your own rights a contributor, the recognition you deserve for putting in a lot of hard work. Much more then I, and most probably much more than any other contributor.  At the same time it would seem inappropriate to me to grant anyone sole authorship over the book, which would allow for the copyright holder to resuse  the text without any acknowledgement of wikibooks, or the work of the other contributors. This too would be a simple but untested matter of releasing the text under a different license. When I read through the past conversations you pointed out to me and there was a lot of discussion of this page, I realized I would like to have my work acknowledged in some small way, and perhaps this was less automatic then I thought if someone felt that I was not an author in the legal sense and there was a sole author for the work. Thenub314 (talk) 22:43, 2 December 2010 (UTC)
 * For reference I was thinking of this edit. Thenub314 (talk) 16:50, 2 December 2010 (UTC)

 * Looking only to that contribution I can say that it is welcomed but I don't see it as sufficient for claiming co-authorship over the book, in the specific case of source code the subject is different (they are stand alone creative works, even if aggregated to the book) they share most of the issues we have in the project with images (regarding licensing and re-usability), that is why I added the specific disclaimer to the author/license page. Any source contributed to this work if not clearly indicating a special license will fall under the public domain (public domain is a state that you lose any ownership right, even the right of attribution, hypothetically anyone to claim authorship over your work then, only the state as manager of the public space/goods can then act on to enforce that moral right of recognition). --Panic (talk) 18:43, 2 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Also, I have changed the the Authors template used in this page for two reasons. First we cannot require more from other users contributions then those outlined requirements outlined in the terms of use.  Since it is conceivable that the editors never counter the Authors page, or even the TOC, and they simply follow a link to somewhere in the middle of the book and leave a contribution there, there cannot be any indication that have accepted the additional terms that source code they write will be in the public domain.  As a more minor point, removing remarks about source code makes the template more general to use in other books. Thenub314 (talk) 22:37, 4 December 2010 (UTC)
 * I have also read about this and come to different conclusions. Specifically there are, generally speaking two criteria for deciding if a creative work is a "joint work" and that the coauthors share joint copyright.
 * Each author understands they are creating a joint work.
 * To be a co-author you must have made a copyrightable contribution.
 * Specifically, in Intellectual Property Margreth Barrett writes:
 * "While one party may considerably less copyrightable expression to the work then the other and still be considered a joint author, …"

 * Perhaps notably for wikibooks she also comments that "While it is not necessary that all the authors work at the same time, or that they even know one another each party must intend to contribute to a unitary whole, and thus crate a joint work."

 * While I am not a layer either, there is also a good case for considering the entire book to be a derivative work of whomever started the work. In which case the ramifications are very different.   In any case the size of the contribution is considered circumstantial evidence of ownership at best, and should best be left up to a court to decide if it ever becomes an issue.

 * As I stated above, you are confusing copyright (over copyrightable material) and authorship, granted that you can only claim authorship over something that is copyrightable (that you have intellectual property over) but they are not the same. For instance the inclusion of the attributed works here doesn't grant those authors co-authorship on this work (it does depends on the quantity, I as knowledgeable of the content ratio of the works I can make that affirmation even if it is an aggregation/derivation).
 * The quote you give lacks context, you can be an author and have no ownership over a work (work for hire), you can sell rights, you can make contractual agreements explicitly granting co-authorship or authorship (for example ghostwriting) even a publisher can be a co-author (see the article I gave you above).
 * The last bit is exactly correct, ultimately in case of dispute only a court can resolve it, that is the reason of the reply above, authorship/ownership must be claimed to be actionable. That is also important as I state above to defend the continued use of the licenses granted to Wikibooks. Only the owners of the rights can defend the work (Wikimedia/FSF will not/can not substitute the owner in case of violation).
 * That was the function the draft provided a way to reach mutual understanding on this subjects.
 * PS: I'm against copyright/intellectual property in general, but in a world of lemonades one must know how to squeeze a lemon.  --Panic (talk) 23:01, 2 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Well, I really don't think I am confusing the matter, but there is really no way to resolve our different interpretations of the situation. I understand that works for hire are a different matter, but they are not so much at issue in this situation.  If you'd like more context to what she wrote the relevant section of her book is available on google books here and these quotes were taken from pages 172-173. I am personally of the opinion that, as we all know contributing to wikibooks that we are creating a joint collaborative work, then as soon as someone leaves any non-trivial contribution they are to be considered an author.  But perhaps we should seek a wider community input and discuss it in the reading room? For the most part our discussion isn't very specific to this book.  I would gladly take my name down if the consensus is that I have the wrong idea of what it means to be an author. Thenub314 (talk) 00:06, 3 December 2010 (UTC)

 * In fact, I have taken my name down because I don't want to seem unnecessarily combative. Panic, I had misunderstood the statement "I will support and welcome any author that wishes to add himself to this page." to mean I was welcome to add it, and I had not realized I wouldn't be considered an author.  I certainly have not contributed "much or near as much as other authors".  So it is better to leave the situation as it was until (if ever) the situation becomes clarified.

 * I was using generalization to explain my point of view (that doesn't need to be the same as yours). Ultimately it comes to that, a personal assessment on how relevant ones contributions are in relation to the book, the necessity to claim rights over those contributions and so sign it, taking personal responsibility for them, it only becomes an issue when rights over the work are exerted, especially if there is money involved (hardly the case here).
 * I have made several contributions, in equal stand to the one you listed, to several works but never considered them as granting me author status over them. We aren't specifically talking in exerting any rights but only in claiming them. This was one of the reasons I chose this project to contribute to.
 * An erroneous or intentionally false claim if made is meaningless but actionable upon, a copyright violation.
 * One of the previous discussions we had involving several Wikibookains (but not the general community) was specifically about this type of author pages, claims were made that this format reinforces the license, for instance, I (and at least another Wikibookian) defended that the GFDL requires a clear agreement to it, that is not provided or guaranteed by the submit statement, especially outside of the Wikimedia project, in stand alone form, and recognized the technical limitations of the edit history to provide usable and reliable information. The CC-BY-SA 3.0 is more lax in that, even if it indicates that attributions should be performed as the authors requires, one reason why it was adopted was the removal of the necessity to include a verbose copy of thelicense. --Panic (talk) 01:36, 3 December 2010 (UTC)


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Big Dipper, Cassiopeia, and the North Star

 * Northern Hemisphere: These stars and constellations can be seen from anywhere north of the tropics in the Northern Hemisphere (they are more difficult to see in the tropics, and the North Star cannot be seen at all from the Southern Hemisphere). The North Star never appears to move at all, and it can be found due north. The Big Dipper and Cassiopeia will rotate around the North Star (also known as Polaris, since it is directly above the North Pole). When drawing the diagram, be sure to include the seven stars in the Big Dipper, the five in Cassiopeia, and the North Star. Make sure that the two stars at the end of the Big Dipper's "bowl" point to the North Star. Cassiopeia should be shaped like a somewhat flattened "W".

/Transcluded Modules


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Stars/Southern Cross, Orion and Scorpio

The Southern Cross, Scorpio, and Orion are not really located very close to one another. It would be possible to draw them all on a single diagram, but since Orion is on the other side of the sky from the other two, you'd end up drawing an awful lot of sky. Therefore, it should be acceptable to draw these three on independent diagrams.
 * Southern Hemisphere:

|


text:
C++ Programming/Programming Languages/C++/Code/Statements/Scope

Scope
In any language, scope (the context; what is the background) has a high impact on a given action or statement validity. The same is true in a programming language.

In a program we may have various constructs, may they be objects, variables or any other such. They come into existence from the point where you declare them (before they are declared they are unknown) and then, at some point, they are destroyed (as we will see there are many reasons to be so) and all are destroyed when your program terminates.

We will see that variables have a finite life-time when your program executes, that the scope of an object or variable is simply that part of a program in which the variable name exists or is visible to the compiler.

Global scope
The default scope is defined as global scope, this is commonly used to define and use global variables or other global constructs (classes, structure, functions, etc...), this makes them valid and visible to the compiler at all times.

Local scope
A local scope relates to the scope created inside a compound statement.


text:
Greek Mythology/Beasts/Cyclops/Polyphemus

Polyphemus (In Greek: Πολύφημος) was a cyclops portrayed in the Odyssey and the Aeneid. After capturing Odysseus and several of his men, Polyphemus held them to capture in a cave, along with the cyclops' sheep and goats. He sealed the cave shut with a massive stone. During the ordeal, Polyphemus killed and ate six of the sailors. On the second day, Odysseus made the cyclops drunk, claiming his name was "Nobody", before five men drove a small sharpened stake into Polyphemus' only eye, blinding him. The cyclops called for help and other cyclops came to his aid; but when he said "Nobody" had hurt him, the cyclops took it to mean that nobody had hurt him, so they left him alone.

The next day, when Polyphemus rolled away the stone to let out his flock, Odysseus and his men clung to the fur of the flocks underbelly. Checking the animals, backs with his hands, Polyphemus did not find the men.

Yet after they have escaped and were on their ship, Odysseus called to the blind cyclops and told him who he really was. Polyphemus, in rage, hurled a great stone into the sea, nearly sending Odysseus' ship onto land. They sailed further out and again Odysseus mocked the cyclops. Yet Odysseus did not know that Polyphemus was the child of Poseidon, who would torment Odysseus' voyage.

In the Aeneid, it tells of Aeneas' encounter with the cyclops, seeing his wounds:

Polyphemus, lived on berries and roots, and walked with a cane. He went to the sea often to wash out his eye-socket. One time, he heard the sounds of Aeneas' ships oars as they rowed nearby; but in fear, they hurriedly rowed away.


text:
Mazda Guide/Protege 5/Installing Aftermarket Stereo

What You Need

 * Wiring Harness
 * You can pick these up at most electronics stores
 * Mounting Harness / Pocket
 * You can order these from Mazda (BJ1H-66-9M0) or find them elsewhere

Steps (Single DIN)

 * 1) Connect your wiring harness to your new stereo's wiring harness
 * 2) * Don't forget to connect extra wiring from the ground and +battery if you plan on adding any amps
 * 3) * My wiring harness was missing pins for 11 and 12, so I going to have to buy an extra pin for 12 and insert it myself, until then I will just do without the illumination functionality.
 * 4) Remove the factory stereo or remove your old aftermarket stereo
 * 5) Slide the stereo sleeve (that metal frame thing that came with your stereo) into the mounting harness, it should be fairly snug
 * 6) Now slide your mounting harness into the hole in the dash, this should also be quite snug
 * 7) * My mounting harness had small clips around the edges that snapped into place, i had to give it a few shoves for it to snap into place
 * 8) Use a flathead screwdriver to depress the tabs on the sleeve to keep the sleeve in place (it shouldn't move around afterwards)
 * 9) * Just visually inspect which tabs to depress, whichever ones would most help keep it in place
 * 10) Now connect the wires and wiring harness to your stereo, including the auxiliary input wires if you have any
 * 11) * remember to thread the aux wires through to somewhere first
 * 12) * try and get the bulk of the wiring tucked down behind the pocket
 * 13) * connecting the antenna wire last seems to work best
 * 14) now slide the new stereo into the sleeve, it will snap once it is in place
 * 15) * if it seems like the stereo won't go any further and its sticking out, this is probably because the rubber tab at the back of the stereo is not lined up with the hole in the back, pull the stereo out a little then press on the bottom part only (to lift the bottom up) or the top part only (to push the top down).
 * 16) put the trim around your new stereo, turn on the car and try 'er out

Steps (Double DIN)

 * 1) Connect your wiring harness to your new stereo's wiring harness
 * 2) Remove the factory stereo or remove your old aftermarket stereo
 * 3) Plug in the new stereo and pop it in

Images

 * [[Image:Mazda Guide-Protege 5-Installing Aftermarket Stereo-pins.jpg]]
 * Pin 1: Green / Orange - Rear Right Speaker (-)
 * Pin 2: Green - Rear Right Speaker (+)
 * Pin 3: Brown - Rear Left Speaker (-)
 * Pin 4: Brown / White - Rear Left Speaker (+)
 * Pin 5: White - Front Right (-)
 * Pin 6: Red - Front Right (+)
 * Pin 7: Black / White - Front left (-)
 * Pin 8: Black / Brown - Front Left (+)
 * Pin 9: Black - Ground (see note below)
 * Pin 10: Pink / Black - Switched power, connect to red wire in aftermarket harness.
 * Pin 11: White / Blue - Dimmer, not typically used for an aftermarket radio
 * Pin 12: Green / Black - Illumination, thanks twizyours
 * Pin 13: Blue / Red - Constant Power aka Battery aka Memory, connect to yellow wire in aftermarket harness.
 * [[Image:Mazda Guide-Protege 5-Installing Aftermarket Stereo-harness.jpg|640px]]
 * [[Image:Mazda Guide-Protege 5-Installing Aftermarket Stereo-finished1.jpg|640px]]
 * [[Image:Mazda Guide-Protege 5-Installing Aftermarket Stereo-finished2.jpg|640px]]
 * [[Image:Mazda Guide-Protege 5-Installing Aftermarket Stereo-finished3.jpg|640px]]
 * [[Image:Mazda Guide-Protege 5-Installing Aftermarket Stereo-finished4.jpg|640px]]
 * Aux Input cables are located in the glove box (3.5mm + USB)
 * [[Image:Mazda Guide-Protege 5-Installing Aftermarket Stereo-finished5.jpg|640px]]


text:
Proteomics/Proteomics and Drug Discovery/Virtual Libraries

This Section:

=Virtual Compound Libraries=

One of the first steps in in-silico drug design is the determination of the structure of a protein to be targeted, which facilitates the discovery of sites on a given protein that could serve as potential drug targets. These sites can either be active sites, allosteric regulation sites, regions of subunit attachment, or areas known to function in protein-protein or protein-small-molecule interactions.

While protein structures and drug target sites are being determined, the other half of the in silico drug discovery process is carried out. In this phase, chemists create or add to databases of potential drug leads; these virtual drug libraries will then be used for virtual library screening, or VLS. This is the process of docking and scoring potential drugs into predicted target sites.

Construction of Virtual Compound Libraries
In traditional drug discovery, a practice known as target-oriented synthesis (TOS) is used. This approach, brought about by the cost of synthesizing new compounds, focuses on modifying existing chemicals to find a variant that will match a target site. Also due to the cost of synthesizing novel compounds, traditional drug leads have been synthesized based on ease of synthesis, rather than pharmacological value. However, the advent of recent leaps in informational technology advancements have facilitated the construction of virtual compound libraries. By acting as huge repositories of molecular data and their respective characteristics, these libraries allow us to actually carry out a molecular interaction experiment without the actual and sometimes significant expense of wetlab materials. This in silico approach obviously expedites the process as well, ideally geared towards a streamlined process. As virtual drug libraries and virtual library screening are becoming more widespread, there is a shift to diversity-oriented synthesis. It is much cheaper to create many new classes of drugs in silico, as only the ones that dock and score adequately will need to be synthesized. The trade off in terms of cost and time between traditional and contemporary methods cannot be understated.

Two main categories of drug libraries exist. The first type consists of a general and diverse range of chemical compounds. These types of libraries are used for discovering new types of drug leads for specific applications. Having a diverse range of novel compounds allows new drug leads to be found; in some cases, these leads can end up being more effective inhibitors than ones that are currently used in marketed drugs (Anderson). The other type of library, rather than being “broad” and “shallow,” is “narrow” and “deep.” These libraries are composed of a much narrower range of compounds; however, many different conformation and variations of this narrow range are included. Stereochemistry is one of the major variables used in creating variations of existing structures to add to such databases. For example, a compound that might not otherwise dock effectively to a protein, might have a tautomer that docks very well. The vast majority of the compounds in these libraries are small organic molecules, which have always been the premier substances in traditional drug discovery (Anderson). The reasons for the widespread use of small organic compounds in drug discovery, both in silico and in vitro/in vivo are: such compounds are much easier to fit into protein drug target sites during VLS; they are much easier to synthesize after successful virtual screening, assuming they do not currently exist; they typically have better ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) profiles than many larger, more complex compounds. It is hypothesized that the total drug space exceeds 10^100 compounds, and that figure does not include stereochemical variants (Anderson). So the use of small organic compounds in virtual libraries provides a subset of the total chemical space, albeit a subset that is still almost too large to be completely screened for every targeted protein.

As these data bases grow exponentially in size, they can be expected to become rate limiting factors due to modern computational limitations. For this reason, new approaches are being developed aimed at making the search process itself more effective and efficient. One if these tools, known as shape signatures, can be used in predicting molecular shape similarity or complementarity to a specific ligand or receptor, by analyzing the volume of the ligand and the target active site volume and relating it to such variables as electrostatic factors. A series of probability distributions are generated, from which geometric principles are applied to provide comparison between drug and target (Meek).

Virtual Library Screening
The computational approaches behind the virual screening associated with these Virtual Compound Libraries can be ligand-based, such as is seen with typical pharmacophore queries, or structure based, based on structural similarities between potential ligands, as is exhibited within drug target docking analyses (Lengauer). Also, quantitative relationships pertaining to structure and activity can also be utilized in developing virtual screening algorithms (Kapetanovic).

Various computationally intelligent algorithmic methods are employed to add new compounds to virtual libraries, or to generate hit candidates which can be subsequently tested towards hopefully becoming a drug lead candidate. These methods may simply randomly assemble atomic groups into larger structures, or they may adapt existing structures. Often, existing chemicals have parameters such as side groups, chemical modifications, and stereochemistry modified, creating new compounds in the process. Also, incremental construction, pertaining to ligand rigidity and partial structure, as opposed to complete structure, can be employed to optimize these algorithms in computing the potential molecular interactions taking place. In general, the more molecular flexibility is permitted, the greater number of pharmacophores are generated, since a greater amount of molecular interaction is permitted.

Due to the large volume of chemical space contained in even the narrowest of virtual compound libraries, multidimensional methods of applying compounds to targets have started to take hold. These methods go through a series of 'weeding' techniques based on factors of ever-increasing stringency. The first step of such a process would apply known limiting factors to the database as a whole. These factors may include unmanageable molecular size, structures known to induce toxicity, cytochrome P450 activation, or factors known to limit solubility. Once these initial limitations removed the first set of unsuitable compounds, the second level of screening would be applied. The second dimension utilizes 'molecular topology', which in simplest form is merely a method to assign functional and behavioral characteristics to a structural element. This could include solubility, polarity, and ability to form hydrogen bonds. The selectivity in this step would be based on either comparison with know in vivo ligands or the functionality of the known target site. The third dimension uses, appropriately enough, three dimensional models of the molecules are used to determine possibility of binding to the rough model of a target site. In the final, fourth dimension of the screening method, docking and scoring of the molecules left in the library is begun. This is based on all the factors in the previous dimensions but on a much more sophisticated scale. The structure of the target site is compared to a potential hit and all possible interactions are manifested mathematically to generate the final list of top scoring products. This method of virtual screening allows for less analysis time as the least fit molecules do not undergo rigorous screening. Instead, their obvious deficiencies for the drug target are used to eliminate them from time consuming scoring methods (Bleicher).

Pharmacophores, which are sets or patterns of chemical groups known to interreact in identical fashion around the same receptor site, are often conserved in deriving new compounds from existing ones, aiding in future predictions of drug to target interactions (Lengauer). Furthermore, compounds that belong to classes of known drug leads, designating the fact that they showed positive signals in in-silico and in-vivo tests, may be put into focused libraries (Bleicher). These databases modify compounds slightly to product many similar, yet slightly different, structures in an effort to expand classes of known pharmacological value. The sheer amount of potential molecular interactions possible, given all possible variables in the biological world, necessitates the use of modern computation.


text:
User talk:89.8.15.118

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 12:36, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:89.8.15.118


text:
Cookbook:Ice Cream

Ice cream is a type of frozen dairy-based dessert. As a general category, it can also include a variety of dairy-based and dairy-free frozen desserts.

Composition
Basic ice cream, as the term is used in English, is typically composed of a mixture of milk and cream, with added sweetener(s) and flavorings. It may also contain additional ingredients swirled into the mixture for added flavor and texture, as well as various gums and stabilizers to affect texture and mouthfeel.

Production
To produce ice cream, the sweetened dairy mixture must be frozen while being agitated. This agitation prevents the formation of large undesirable ice crystals, as well as aerates the mixture to produce a softer texture. Ice cream can be made at home using one of a variety of commercially-available ice cream makers.

Similar frozen desserts
Sorbet is a frozen dessert, usually made from a fruit juice or purée, containing no dairy and low fat.

Sherbet is similar to sorbet, with the addition of a small amount of dairy for a creamier texture.

Soft serve is a variety of ice cream with a high air content, typically extruded from a nozzle and served in a swirl. It is rarely commercially available in supermarkets, instead being sold by specialized vendors.

Frozen yogurt is ice cream, where a significant proportion of the milk and cream are replaced with yogurt. As a result, it has a tangier flavor.

Frozen custard is similar to traditional ice cream, with the addition of eggs that are cooked with the milk and cream to form a custard. This custard is then flavored and frozen.

Kulfi is a South Asian frozen dessert, sometimes also referred to as "Indian ice cream". It is made from milk that has been reduced, and it is not agitated like most ice creams. As a result, it is richer and denser.

Gelato is an Italian frozen dessert. It has less fat and less incorporated air than ice cream.

Uses and derivations
Vanilla ice cream is often served with a variety of other desserts, such as pies, brownies, and various warm desserts. Ice cream is also a key component of other desserts, like ice cream sandwiches, ice cream cakes, and baked alaskas.

title: Cookbook:Ice Cream


text:
User:Drum guy

Welcome, I'm "Drum guy".

I use unified login, and my main account is on the English Wikipedia; it would be great if you could contact me there.

Many thanks!

Useful Page: Wikibooks_for_Wikipedians

title: User:Drum guy


text:
User talk:Ehm1883

Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window that will insert this, too; it looks like part of a signature.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 14:53, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

Naming
Please use the correct naming procedure for new pages. Pages such as Main Contents and Main Contents/Country for example must become subpages of the book (Croation I imagine) thanks -- Herby talk thyme 14:53, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ehm1883


text:
Category:Norwegian recipes

Recipes from Norway.

title: Category:Norwegian recipes


text: Honda Nighthawk/Maintenance

title: Honda Nighthawk/Maintenance


text:
Talk:Operating System Design/Scheduling Processes/SPN

This algorithm is known as the shortest job first (SJF). Therefore, I suggest to change the name of the page to "Shortest Job First" algorithm.


text: User:MithrandirMage

title: User:MithrandirMage


text:
User talk:64.45.104.194

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 17:17, 9 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:64.45.104.194