text:
Learning Theories/References

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http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikiversity:School_of_Education/Educational_Leadership

title: Learning Theories/References


text:
Jeep Liberty/Limited Slips/Detroit TrueTrac

The Detroit Truetrac 912A553 is a clutchless gear-based limited slip differential for the Chrysler 8.25" 29 spline axle. It works in the rear of 2002-2007 Jeep Libertys, but is incompatible with Dana 35C rear axle found in some 2002 Jeep Libertys and might be incompatible with the ESP system found in all 2006-2007 Jeep Libertys. Its gear-based carrier replaces the stock carrier. Ring and pinion gear set up is required.

There is also a version for the Jeep Liberty's front D30a. As with any other limited slip device installed in the front differential, it will make steering slightly stiffer and cause the steering wheel to spring back to center more quickly than usual.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Jeep Liberty/Limited Slips/Trac-Loc LSD

The Trac-Loc LSD is the factory limited slip option. While the Trac-Loc is better than an open differential, it will slip if a wheel is lifted during off roading, essentially resulting in an open differential.

title: Jeep Liberty/Limited Slips/Trac-Loc LSD


text:
Jeep Liberty/Drivetrain/Limited Slip/Auburn ECTED

The Auburn ECTED is an electric locker for the Jeep Liberty's Chrysler 8.25" rear axle. The benefits of an electrically controlled locker such as the ECTED are the ability to turn it on and off and the simpler installation when compared to an air locker.


text:
User talk:210.218.76.129

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. --hagindaz 23:46, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:210.218.76.129


text:
User talk:198.189.20.21

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. --hagindaz 23:47, 21 July 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:198.189.20.21


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Places/Diagon Alley

General Overview
Diagon Alley is the main wizarding shopping street in London. On this street we can find any number of shops specifically for wizards, including an apothecary, Eeylops Owl Emporium, Florean Fortescue's Ice Cream Parlor (which actually sounds like a nice place for Muggles as well), Flourish and Blott's bookstore, Gringotts Wizarding Bank, Madam Malkin's Robes for All Occasions, The Magical Menagerie pet store, Ollivanders: Makers of Fine Wands since 382 BC, and Quality Quidditch Supplies. The Leaky Cauldron pub, which serves as the gateway to Muggle London, backs onto this street, and the entrance to Knockturn Alley lies in this street as well. The merchants of Diagon Alley are well prepared for the annual influx of students needing to buy supplies for their year at Hogwarts.

Extended Description
Located behind the Leaky Cauldron pub, open to the sky, but somehow invisible to Muggles, Diagon Alley is an old-fashioned street lined with quaint buildings that house traditional shops serving the wizarding community. There are many more stores than are named; for instance, the first time he enters Diagon Alley in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry sees a shop selling cauldrons. The shop is never named, but presumably Harry does buy his cauldron there. Likewise, the store where he buys his telescope is unnamed.

Many of the stores in Diagon Alley have some significance to the series and some are visited repeatedly.

The Apothecary is never named, but presumably Harry must visit it each year for potion ingredients. He is initially quite intrigued by the available supplies, but apparently these become commonplace to him, as there is only one other time it is mentioned, in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, where it doesn't even merit a full sentence.

Eeylops' Owl Emporium is a store specializing in owls and supplies for them, which of course serve both as pets and as as a means of communications in the Wizarding world. In the first book, Harry receives an owl from Hagrid as a birthday present; this owl, Hedwig, remains Harry's companion through much of the series.

Florean Fortescue's Ice Cream Parlour plays a relatively minor role. Hagrid, on Harry's first visit to Diagon Alley, presents him with a large ice cream, which one supposes must have come from Fortescue's establishment. Harry spends a fortnight in Diagon Alley at the start of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, during which time he spends nearly every afternoon in Fortescue's. In the sixth book, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, we hear that Fortescue has vanished, and damage to his store indicates that he didn't leave willingly. It is assumed that he has been captured by Death Eaters.

Flourish and Blott's Bookstore is so overloaded with Spell books that it apparently takes magic to keep its shelves from tipping over. This is where Harry, Ron, and Hermione buy their school books most years. This is also the scene of a confrontation between Lucius Malfoy and Arthur Weasley which escalates to physical violence, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.

Gringotts Wizarding Bank is the one place where Wizards keep their money. Harry visits Gringotts in the first book, where he is astonished to find that his parents have left a large amount of money in the vaults for him, and further that quite a lot of it is actually in gold. Visiting again later, in company with the Weasley family, he is rather embarrassed to see how very little is in their vault, compared to what is in his. In Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, Harry determines that one of the Horcruxes is, in fact, stored in a deep vault at Gringotts. Harry and Professor Dumbledore between them have decided that the places where Voldemort had hidden his Horcruxes were all places of deep significance to Voldemort; while one would think that putting it away in a bank would be relatively pedestrian, the deep vaults are all used only by the very oldest of Wizarding families, so having possessions stored in one of them would be a clear indication of the age of the family. As we see throughout the series, Voldemort values ancestry more than nearly anything else; use of a deep vault serves to prove his claim of descent from an ancient Wizarding family.

The Leaky Cauldron pub backs onto Diagon Alley, and is the main connection between Diagon Alley and Muggle London. When Harry first sees the Muggle-side entrance, in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, he has a feeling that only he and Hagrid, among all those passing by, can actually see it. The Leaky Cauldron is apparently the destination grate associated with the address "Diagon Alley" on the Floo network; naming Diagon Alley as your destination, according to Mrs. Weasley in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, brings you to the Leaky Cauldron. Harry stays in the Leaky Cauldron for a fortnight before school starts in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, and overhears a rather important conversation there between Mr. and Mrs. Weasley. Most of the remaining visits, however, are quite abbreviated.

Madam Malkin's Robes for All Occasions is a shop selling wizard's robes, school uniforms, and general wizard wear. Harry meets Draco for the first time here, though we don't learn Draco's name until later. Harry and Hermione also have a run-in with Narcissa Malfoy and Draco in this store, in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.

The Magical Menagerie pet store, like Eeylops', offers pets and pet-related services tailored to the needs of wizards, but rather than centering on owls, has a much more varied selection. It is here that Ron looks for information about his rat, Scabbers, who has been looking poorly since they returned from Egypt in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, and it is here that Hermione buys her cat, Crookshanks. While we do see a number of interesting creatures in this store, we only visit it in this one book.

Ollivander's: Makers of Fine Wands since 382 BC, where Harry buys his first wand, is run by Mr. Ollivander. It is here that Harry learns that the core of his wand is a tail feather from the same phoenix that provided the core of Voldemort's wand, a revelation that leaves him feeling not a little uneasy. Ron's wand, in his fourth year, and Neville's, in his sixth, apparently come from Ollivander's store as well, though as Harry has no further need to visit the store, we don't see the inside of it again. We do hear, in the sixth book, that Ollivander himself has vanished, but that his store has not been damaged, leading to questions concerning his fate.

Quality Quidditch Supplies, a store that provides Quidditch supplies and racing brooms, plays a large part in Harry's imagination as it is the source of the racing brooms that he covets, particularly after he learns that he is a natural flyer. Harry first sees the Nimbus 2000 broom here, and the Firebolt; and it is from this store, we learn later, that the Firebolt Harry receives at Christmas in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban was purchased.

Analysis
Diagon Alley is the place to be for someone who wants to sell to the wizarding population. To a lesser extent, Hogsmeade, with Hogwarts School in close proximity, is a center of Wizarding commerce as well; but it is a sign that you have arrived as a retailer if you have a store front in Diagon Alley. Thus it is an indication of great things that the Weasley twins, having left school in the middle of their seventh year under rather a large cloud, were able to immediately open a shop in Diagon Alley. Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes is mentioned in passing in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, and in some detail during the next year.

In the information box at the top of this article, we do not name any permanent residents of Diagon Alley. Through the course of the first five books, if there are permanent residents, none are named, although we suspect Florean Fortescue and possibly Mr. Ollivander live over their shops. We learn at the start of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, however, that the Twins are living in an apartment over Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes. While this nominally makes them permanent residents, they don't stay there long; and as their residence constitutes something of a spoiler, we have elected not to place that in the info box.

In passing, we note that the film version of Diagon Alley was apparently inspired by a Muggle neighbourhood in York, called The Shambles.

Greater Picture
To a surprisingly large extent, Diagon Alley is a gauge of the health of the Wizarding world as a whole. As times get tense, it can be seen immediately in the actions of the crowds in the street (for instance, during Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince); and as Voldemort gains power, stores in Diagon Alley are shuttered or boarded up, and their occupants (notably Florean Fortescue and Mr. Ollivander) depart for places unknown. The same effect is seen in Hogsmeade, where some stores, like Zonko's Joke Shop, are suddenly and inexplicably vacant.


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Animal Care/Cat

General care
Cats are low-maintenance pets compared to dogs, and are quite suitable for households where everyone works full-time, although you might want to get two cats so that they can keep each other company during the day. A cat's psyche develops better if it has lots of attention from humans as a kitten from 6–16 weeks of age. Thus especially younger cats should not be left alone for long time periods. If you want a companionable cat, give your cat a lot of attention.

In the UK, most cats are allowed to go outside, but in the US, more cats are kept indoors. Cats derive much pleasure from exploring outside, and outdoor cats are less prone to obesity because they get more exercise and they are less likely than indoor cats to eat out of boredom—indoor cats need a lot of play and stimulation to prevent them from becoming neurotic or bored. However, cats kept indoors 100% of the time tend to live longer and suffer fewer injuries because they are less exposed to dangers like cars, dogs, parasites, sadistic humans, and fighting with other cats. Outdoor cats tend to keep down the rodent population but they also tend to keep down the songbird population. When deciding whether to allow your cat outdoors unsupervised, consider how much of a problem these dangers are in your neighbourhood. Consider also how close your neighbors' gardens are, as outdoor cats enjoy using the soft soil in planters and flower gardens as litterboxes. Also note that cats with health problems such as deafness are less able to take care of themselves, and that declawed cats should never be allowed outdoors because they cannot defend themselves or climb trees to escape a dangerous situation. Cats which are allowed outside should be routinely checked for scratches or other injuries which they may routinely acquire. Injuries, especially bites from another cat, are very prone to infection and need to be caught and treated as soon as possible. Keeping up to date on vaccinations is especially important for outdoor cats, as many contagious diseases such as feline leukemia are commonplace in the feral cat population.

Cats usually develop strong affection towards their host family. Some cats are shy and need some time to accept the presence of new people, though cats who have been treated well by humans can be very open minded towards new people. Domestic cats are partially gregarious animals. Some live in groups well and some do not. For domestic cats the group has a purely social function and unlike lions domestic cats do not hunt as a group.

Feeding and grooming
Feed your cat with good-quality commercial cat food, but do not consider cooking for your cat without veterinary guidance. Remember that cats are obligate carnivores, which means that they require meat protein to survive. They cannot survive on a vegetarian diet. There are cat foods which are formulated for cats with special dietary needs, such as cats with poorly functioning kidneys or the tendency to have urinary problems. Please consult a veterinarian before feeding your cat one of these diets. Cats should also have fresh water available at all times, although some cats may prefer to drink from a glass or tap instead of a bowl.

Long-haired cats may need to be groomed every day to prevent their fur from getting matted. Short-haired cats can handle most of their own grooming, but should still be brushed occasionally to remove hair.

Caring for kittens
Take your new cat to the vet to have it neutered and vaccinated. As well as preventing your cat from adding to the population of unwanted kittens, neutering helps prevent fighting, roaming, and some behavioral problems. Neutered males are much less likely to spray, and spayed females won't go into heat. Spaying also has health benefits; spayed females won't be susceptible to life threatening infections like pyometra and are less likely to get mammary cancer. Should one wish to adopt a kitten, it is easiest to care for one that has already been weaned, which occurs between 4 to 6 weeks of age. The ideal time for adoption is around twelve weeks, when the kitten has had time to learn from its mother and siblings. Older kittens learn to use a litter box reliably, to clean themselves, and to interact politely with other cats. Kittens which have time after weaning in the company of their mother and littermates are less likely to be aggressive or shy. However, sometimes a kitten is abandoned or the mother cat is unable to take care of it, and the kitten's owners have to step into the gap.

If one is taking care of a motherless kitten between birth and four weeks, one needs to take very good care of them or they will become sick. Fostering a very young kitten can be chancy; a veterinarian's advice is highly recommended. Kittens are born unable to see, hear, regulate their own body temperature, or even eliminate on their own, and require a lot of care in the first few weeks. All baby kittens need to be fed every 3–4 hours. They also need to be kept nice and warm or they will not eat. A good way to keep a baby kitten warm is to fill a soft drink bottle with the hottest water you can get, then surround that bottle with blankets and have the kitten sleep there. Baby kittens should be taken to a vet when they are between the ages of 2–3 weeks old. Kittens need to be played with but, like all babies, they can get in trouble and hurt themselves, so they need to be watched closely. Kittens can be litter box trained at the age of 2–3 weeks old. All you need to do is take something little so the kitten can get in (a little pie pan works great), and fill it with litter. Then when the kitten starts to "go", put the kitten in the litter box so it learns to "go" in there. Another approach that works is to place the kitten into the box and rub its front paws into the litter, so it learns to dig there. Most kittens only take a matter of days to learn; sometimes it takes longer, but it seems that the younger the kitten is, the easier it is for it to learn. It is common for younger kittens to have "accidents" for a while, since kittens' bladders are small and they may simply not make it to the litter box; or a kitten in a new home may lose its way and be unable to find the box. By three months old, litter box habits are usually well-established.

Kittens should be examined by a veterinarian and given their first shots, as well as being checked for parasites. Vaccination schedules vary regionally: the veterinarian will advise you on what is recommended and when to bring the kitten back for booster shots in the future. In many countries, the law stipulates that all domestic cats and dogs must be given rabies vaccinations.

Many veterinarians and humane organizations recommend spaying or neutering kittens in order to keep cat population in check (presuming they are not going to be bred as an adult). Since the average litter size is four kittens and cats can start having litters at five months, overpopulation is inevitable if domestic cats are not altered. Females should be spayed at 5 months of age, and males should be neutered at 6 months of age. Many veterinarians advise delaying neutering until the kitten is six months old because they believe that it affects the hormone levels and can cause problems. However, studies have found no difference in development or health between kittens spayed at 12 weeks and those spayed at six months and many vets perform early spaying on healthy kittens. Some studies show that a female kitten spayed before her first heat (which she may have as early as four months) has a much reduced rate of mammary cancer, and a male kitten neutered before he begins to "spray" (urine-marking) will be less likely to have behavior problems.

If a kitten is (gently) handled and played with consistently from a very young age, it will be much more willing to be held when it is older. This will make it much easier to put in a pet carrier, give pills, take to the veterinarian, and so forth. Cats that do not appreciate being picked up and held can often be very difficult to deal with in these situations. Kittens can also be socialized with dogs; if a kitten grows up with a friendly dog in its environment, it is much less likely to become intimidated and scratch a dog when it is adopted.

Urination problems
If a cat suddenly stops using its litterbox, a trip to the vet is in order, because this may be caused by a medical problem—if the cat finds it painful to relieve itself, it may associate the pain with the litterbox. More than one cat owner has refrained from taking a cat to the vet's office because of a "this cat is perfectly healthy" mentality. An animal doesn't have to look sick to be sick. It can also be a behavioural problem; for example, the cat may be resentful over the introduction of a new kitten to the household. Occasionally, one cat will bully another by "casually" sitting near the litter box, intimidating the victim so that it cannot get to the box. The reasons why cats stop using the litterbox for eliminations are large and varied, with too many to go into here. Your veterinarian may have some good suggestions, or you may need to contact a behaviorist.

An entire industry has grown up around getting cats to use the litterbox—different shapes and sizes of boxes with or without lids, a wide array of different litters (including special litter with an attractive smell for cats), even feline pheromones in a bottle (called Feliway).

Some things to try—change the size of the box, change its location (it may be too remote or in too busy an area), change the litter (both the kind and the frequency of dumping and replacing—most cats don't like strong odors associated with the box), add or remove a lid, add to the number of litterboxes (especially in a multicat household, where one cat may be blocking another from using a box), move the box away from its food and water, or even confine the cat into a small area with a clean box for a period of time (usually several weeks) to retrain it to use the box. Which of these solutions will work best for you depends on the individual situation—it frequently takes a bit of detective work.

It is also important to clean up the mess thoroughly, because if the cat can still smell it, it is likely to go there again. Don't use an ammonia-based cleaner, as this smells similar to urine. Citrus smells unpleasant to cats, so using a citrus-scented cleaner may help.

Note that punishing the cat for eliminating in the wrong place will have no effect unless you catch it in the act, as it won't understand that your punishment is connected to something it did hours ago. In particular, rubbing its nose in its mess will only serve to remind it that the spot smells like a litterbox.

Scratching problems
Another problem some people have with cats is that some cats sharpen their claws on the furniture. Often it is the owner's favourite chair that is clawed most, because the cat is responding to its owner's scent. Cats which are allowed to go outside are less likely to have this problem because they can sharpen their claws on trees, fences or other rough surfaces not found in the home. Try giving the cat a scratching post; you may have to try several to find one your cat likes, and a log of wood with the bark still on may work better than a commercial scratching post. Putting an owner's smell or cat mint on the scratching post may improve cats affection towards the post. Covering the furniture with aluminium foil may help discourage the cat. When the cat starts scratching furniture, shooting the cat with a small pressure water pistol is a very effective way to embarrass the cat and teach it to leave the furniture alone. The water pistol should only be used when the cat is doing something bad.

Some cat owners declaw their cats. However, if the cats ever find themselves on their own again, their ability to defend themselves and hunt for food becomes much more limited if they have been declawed. Some owners will have only the cats' front claws removed, so that the back claws remain available for defense in such a situation. Still, declawing cats is considered by many to be cruel. The Humane Society of the U.S. opposes declawing "when done solely for the convenience of the owner and without benefit to the animal." Claws and front paws are very important tools for cats. The front claws are as important for cats as fingers are for humans. Compared to human anatomy, declawing is the amputation of all fingers and toes past the last knuckle. In addition to being less able to defend itself, the declawed cat frequently experiences trouble walking. Declawing cats is illegal in many countries. If the cat's claws cause much trouble, an alternative is to glue nail caps known as "Purrdy Paws" onto the cat's claws. These do interfere with the cat's ability to defend itself, as such they are recommended for indoor cats, and will fall off after a few weeks (along with the outer sheath of the claws).

Aging and Illness
The following is a list that a cat owner can do to take care of their sick or aging cat.
 * Provide easy access to favorite napping places and litter boxes.
 * Monitor relationship with other cats or pets.
 * Monitor food and water intake.
 * Customize interactive playtime to accommodate a cat's physical condition.
 * Visit the veterinarian regularly.
 * Educate other family members on how to handle your cat.
 * Brush and groom the cat daily.
 * Check for new lumps and bumps.
 * Provide an escape from people and other animals.

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Animal Care/Dog

This book deals with obtaining and maintaining a dog. For more general information, see the Wikibook Dogs

Breeds
For average owners, the importance of the breed is in understanding for what purpose the dog was bred and how that purpose relates to its life as a pet. Herding dogs often get a reputation for nipping, because that is the way they control animals they are herding. Retrievers require lots of regular active running and chasing. Lap dogs love to be in your lap. Dalmatians are coach dogs. As decorative as they are, if they will not have an opportunity for regular exercise, you should choose some other dog. If you like an active dog, you shold get a bigger dog. If you like a more laid-back dog, get a lap dog.

Acquiring a pet dog
You can buy a dog from a reputable dog breeder, if you are motivated to adopt by the desire for a specific type of dog or if you wish to minimize the uncertainty that often accompanies a shelter dog. You can find an article in the penny saver fro a dog for sale, and they are usually cheaper than buying from a breeder. You will also pay significantly more for the privilege, but welcoming a well-bred, healthy and trained dog into your home is quite a privilege, indeed! The extra cost is often small compared to the treatment of the symptoms of a genetic disorder.

Keep in mind that good, reputable breeders do not breed every cycle and may even lose money when they do have a litter. Costs they assume include
 * health and genetic testing of the mother,
 * getting the mother together with a genetically appropriate father who is also tested for health and genetic problems,
 * medical care for the mother during pregnancy and birth (including a caesarian if necessary),
 * medical and routine care for the puppies (even sick ones) for at least 8–10 weeks,
 * microchipping of each puppy, and
 * caring for any puppy that becomes homeless during its lifetime.

Buying a dog from a pet store is not recommended, as these dogs are often poorly socialized, receive no training, and are commonly weaned from their mothers and siblings too early (often 5 weeks). You usually don't knowwere they came from and how the owner before them treated them. If you ever see a dog in a pet store, and want to take them home and care for them, consider the following:

 * Puppies require a great deal of attention and time;
 * Training is a tedious and occasionally frustrating process;
 * Puppies normally learn bite inhibition from their mothers and littermates between 5 and 10 weeks of age so you will have to do the teaching;
 * Pet stores commonly (some would say "always") stock animals bred in puppy mills or non-reputable breeders, in unsanitary, dangerous and inhumane conditions—and every puppy mill dog purchase perpetuates the existence of puppy mills.

Many animal welfare charities recommend adopting a dog from an animal shelter, rather than buying one at a store or from a breeder. Getting an adult dog from a shelter avoids surprises in such things as the size and temperament of your pet. They are often neutered and housetrained, too!

Keeping your dog healthy
The best way to keep a dog healthy is to let him have plenty of exercise, and not to overfeed him. You should be able to feel only a slight padding of flesh over the dog's ribs and the "waist", just in front of the hind legs, should curve up noticeably from the chest. Also, his belly shold curve in, not out for most breeds.

Let them have at all times a plentiful supply of clean water. When giving baths, use shampoo made for dogs; human shampoos can strip protective oils from hair and irritate skin. Breeds of dogs with long hair need regular combing out and may need a professional groomer.

Feed your dog a complete and balanced dog food. Dogs have different nutritional needs than people and some common human foods can kill dogs through poisoning (chocolate) or intestinal blockage (corn on the cob).

Canine distemper is liable to attack dogs from four months to four years old. It prevails most in spring and autumn. The disease generally manifests itself by a dullness of the eye, husky cough, shivering, loss of appetite and energy, and occasional fits. Because distemper is infectious and incurable, affected dogs should be isolated from healthy dogs. Fortunately, an effective vaccine exists and should be administered to all puppies.

Dogs can get worms from eating wild animals, living or dead, and from eating the droppings of other dogs. Watch the stool for signs of worms and bring a stool sample whenever you take the dog to the veterinarian or if you suspect a problem.

To administer medicine to a dog, try wrapping a pill in bacon, cheese or some other treat. Give the dog a treat or two without the pill first and the dog will be more likely to swallow it quickly. Or, if you and the dog trust each other, simply push the pill down the throat past the tongue and clamp the dog's jaws shut. It will usually swallow the pill. (This method is normally used only by vets and professionals)

Naming your new dog
With so many possible names, people find it difficult to decide on a single name for their pet. They are not restricted by concerns that the dog's classmates would tease it about its name, which would be an issue with children, so any name is possible. For dog names, people have used the names of pop-culture icons; the names of countries, states, regions, or mountains; the names of movie stars and cartoon characters; old classic dog names such as Rex, Spot, or Fido (based on the Latin word fidus, which means fidelity); and modern classics such as Benji and Scooby-Doo, among many other sources. Some people enjoy inventing clever word-play names.

In general, there are no rules about dog names, although there are practical considerations. If a dog has a commonly used name, calling its name in a public place with other dogs present can cause multiple dogs to come running. For calling a dog at any time or giving commands, a short name is easier to use, although most owners whose dogs have long names end up giving them shorter nicknames anyway (for example, Scooby-Doo might be called Scooby, Scoo, or Doo on a regular basis). Some pedigree organisations do have rules in place for dogs of the breed they control. For example the Dutch Samoyed pedigree dictates a specific letter each which has to be used as the first letter of all dogs of the breed born in that year.

The main considerations that you should take when naming you dog are to:
 * avoid names that sound like commands
 * avoid names that sound like other names (don't name your dog Pete when your child's name is Peter)
 * avoid generic names like "Dog"
 * keep the name short (preferably of one or two syllables)
 * try to use "hard" consonants and vowels

For an overview of how pedigreed dogs are sometimes named, see "Championship titles and registered names" in Dog show.

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Animal Care

Table of Contents

 * General Information
 * /Introduction/
 * /Basic care/
 * /Why take care of an animal?/
 * /Comparison/ - Which animal is right for me?
 * /Emergencies/
 * Animal Caretaking Guides
 * /Bearded Dragon/
 * /Cat/
 * /Cockatoo/
 * /Dog/ or Dog Care (2 books needing a merger)
 * /Freshwater aquarium fish/
 * /Goldfish/
 * /Guinea pig/
 * /Hamster/
 * /Land hermit crab/
 * /Lizard/
 * Marine Aquaria
 * /Nile Monitor/
 * /Rabbit/
 * /Snake/
 * /Turtle/
 * Titan stick insect
 * /flight with your animal/

Related Books on Animal Husbandry

 * Beekeeping
 * Raising Cattle
 * Raising Chickens
 * Training the Search and Rescue Dog
 * Subject:Animal care

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title: Animal Care


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Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Cetaceans

1. In what way is the Cetaceans family different from most other sea life?
The Cetacean family is different from most other sea life because Cetaceans are mammals. This means :
 * A: They give birth to live babies. The largest whale is the Blue Whale and its newborn baby will be up to 7 meters long and weigh up to 2700 kg, (about as much as two cars).
 * The large whale mothers move to warm tropical waters to give birth and spend about six months there so their babies can grow a layer of fat (blubber) to help them survive the cold frigid waters where they live for the other six months. While in the warm waters the adult whales do not eat at all.

 * B: They feed their babies milk. The baby will drink 400 liters of milk and gain 90 kg a day for the first seven months of its life.
 * C: They have warm blood. A blue whale’s heart is the size of a small car and its aorta (the main heart artery) is the diameter of a basketball.
 * D: They breathe air just like us. This means that they must hold their breath while under the water. A Sperm Whale can hold its breath for 30 minutes. When they want to breathe they come to the surface, blow out moist air from their lungs and snatch a new breath. Their nostrils are called blowholes. Baleen whales have two blowholes and toothed whales one blowhole. The whale hunters could tell what sort of whale it was by the shape of the spout blown out.
 * E: They have some hair on their bodies. You may not easily see the hair on a whale but most have small whiskers on the chin.

In addition to the characteristics of mammals listed above, cetaceans differ from other sea life in other ways as well. One of these differences between a cetacean and a fish is the shape of the tail. The tail of a fish is vertical and moves from side to side when the fish swims. The tail of a cetacean – called a "fluke" – is horizontal and moves up and down.

Baleen Whales
The baleen whales, also called whalebone whales or great whales, are one of two suborders of the Cetacea (whales, dolphins and porpoises). Baleen whales, rather than having teeth, have baleen plates which hang from the upper jaw and are used for filtering food from water. This distinguishes them from the toothed whales. Baleen is a type of hair but stiff like a soft fingernail. It grows from the roof of the mouth in two rows and is used to filter out food from water. The whale is able to take in a huge mouthful of water and then squeeze its mouth shut and squeeze out the water while straining out the food. Baleen whales feed on tiny creatures called krill and need lots of these to fuel their bodies. Most of the big whales are baleen whales, e.g. Blue whale, humpback whale and fin whale. Krill is one of their major foods, which they strain through their baleen.

Baleen whales are generally larger than toothed whales, and females are larger than males. This group includes the Blue Whale, the largest animal species that has ever lived. Baleen whales have two blowholes, causing a V-shaped blow whereas toothed whales have a single blowhole.

Toothed Whales
The toothed whales have teeth because they feed on creatures much larger than krill, such as squid, fish seals and even other whales. These whales are the dolphins and porpoises, the killer whale and the giant sperm whale.

Dolphins and porpoises mainly feed on fish and may hunt in groups called pods.

Killer whales eat seals, fish, dolphins and even blue whales. They are called the Wolves of the Sea.

The sperm whale is the largest toothed whale. It will eat fish and octopus but its favourite food is giant squid that live in the deep ocean. A sperm whale has been known to dive to 3200 meters looking for squid.

3. In what way have Whales and Dolphins been a benefit to man?
In some cultures, whales provide meat for both pets and for humans. Whales also provide oil for fuel, perfumes, and other products. Entire communities were established devoted to whaling. Although whaling is now illegal in most parts of the world, whales continue to provide benefits to man. They are a major tourist attraction in areas where they are common, and an entire industry has sprung up to bring people to see the whales.

There are many stories of dolphins protecting shipwrecked sailors against sharks by swimming circles around the swimmers. Because of their high capacity for learning, dolphins have been employed by humans for any number of purposes. Dolphins trained to perform in front of an audience have become a favorite attraction at many aquariums, for example SeaWorld. Such places may sometimes also provide an opportunity for humans to interact very closely with Dolphins. Dolphin/Human interaction is also employed in a curative sense at places where dolphins work with autistic or otherwise disabled children. The military has employed dolphins for various purposes from finding mines to rescuing lost or trapped persons.

==4. Explain how it is that a Whale which breeds in the warm waters of the tropics can also survive the ice cold water of the Antarctica where they go to feed, (considering the whale is a warm blooded mammal like humans).== Whales have a very thick layer of fat beneath their skin called blubber. Blubber is a very effective insulator, much like a wet suit which is used for keeping divers warm when they swim in cold waters. Blubber is far more effective than a wet suit because it is so thick. In fact, blubber can comprise up to 50% of the body mass of some cetaceans during some points in their lives. Blubber also serves as a source of energy, and whales metabolize (burn) fat to generate heat internally and thus warm themselves. People metabolize fat too when they shiver (shivering serves the same purpose - to warm us up).

5. Memorize the following Scriptures concerning whales

 * a. Genesis 1:21

 * b. Ezekiel 32:2

 * c. Job 7:12

 * d. Matthew 12:40

6. Write and read to a group, or tell from memory, the story of Jonah.
If you are teaching this honor to your unit, you can have them retell the story (and act it out) for worship at a campout or at a regular meeting. You can also have your Pathfinders tell the story during regular church service if your church has a time allotted for "Children's Story". Alternately, you can have them write it out and read it back to you (or to the group).

7. Successfully draw a Baleen Whale and identify where the following body parts are

 * a. Baleen Plates: These are the "strainers" in a baleen whale's mouth.
 * b. Blowhole: A cetacean breaths through this little hole in the top of its head.
 * c. Dorsal Fin: The fin on the top of many cetaceans.
 * d. Ear: These are hard to see because they're so small, but cetaceans all have them on the sides of their heads.
 * e. Eye: The better to see you with!
 * f. Throat Pleats: These are the folds in a baleen whale's throat and allow the whale's throat to expand when it fills its mouth with water to filter its food through its baleen.
 * g. Flukes: The tail.
 * h. Flippers: The fins on the side.
 * i. Genital Slit: The reproductive organ of a female cetacean.
 * j. Median Notch: The notch in the middle of the trailing edge of the fluke.
 * k. Peduncle: The part of the body to which the fluke is attached.


text:
Intermediate Algebra/Chapter1Test

Chapter 1 Test
 {Solve the following problems as indicated:}

{Evaluate if $$a = 3$$, $$b = -5$$ , and $$c = 2$$ $$ab^2+a(b-c)-bc^2=$${ 74_15 }
 * type="{}"}

{A bike wheel has a circumference of 50 inches. What is the length of its diameter to the nearest hundredth? Use $$C = \pi d$$ and $$\pi \approx 3.14$$ { 15.92 inches (i)|15.92inches (i)|15.92 inch (i)|15.92inch (i)|15.92 in (i)|15.92in (i)|15.92 "|15.92"|15.92_15 }
 * type="{}"}

{Classify each of the following as natural numbers(N), integers(Z), rationals(Q), or irrationals(I). When possible, list all classifications for that number:}

{$$\sqrt{49}$$ +N +Z +Q -I
 * coef="3"}

{$$-3.84$$ -N -Z +Q -I
 * coef="1"}

{$$6 - (-3)$$ +N +Z +Q -I
 * coef="3"}

{$$ \frac{2 \times 5}{4} + \frac{3}{2} $$ +N +Z +Q -I
 * coef="3"}

{State the property illustrated in each of the following statements:}

{$$2(x + 3) = 2x + 6$$ { Distributive (i) _15 } Property
 * type="{}" coef="1"}

{$$5y - 4 = -4 + 5y$$ { Commutative (i) _15 } Property of { Addition (i) _15 }
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{$$3m + (2 + m) = (3m + 2) + m$$ { Associative (i) _15 } Property of { Addition (i) _15 }
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{$$a \cdot \frac{1}{a} = 1$$ { Inverse (i) _15 } Property of { Multiplication (i) _15 }
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{Simplify the following expressions:}

{ $$3y(4 + 6x) - 2(y - 6)=$${ 18xy + 10y + 12 (i)|18xy+10y+12 (i)|10y + 18xy + 12 (i)|10y+18xy+12 (i) _15 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$2(a - 5) + 3a=$${ 5a - 10 (i)|5a-10 (i)|5(a - 2) (i)|5(a-2) (i) _15 }
 * type="{}"}

{ $$5[c + 3(2c - 1)]=$${ 35c - 15 (i)|35c-15 (i)|5(7c - 3) (i)|5(7c-3) (i) _15 }
 * type="{}"}

{Melvin buys several books stamps, each stamp costs $0.39 and each book contains one dozen stamps (the cost of one book is equal to the price per stamp times the total number of stamps in it.) He pays a total of $24.80 ($1.40 sales tax is included in the final price). How many books of stamps did Melvin buy? { 5_15 }
 * type="{}"}

{$$|3y - 4| + 5 = 10$$ y∈{{ -1/3_15 },{ 3_15 }}
 * type="{}" coef="2"}

{Solve the following inequalities:}

{$$2y - 4 > 3$$ y > { 7/2|3 1/2|3.5_15 }
 * type="{}"}

{$$-7x < 35 + 3x$$ x > { -7/2|-3 1/2|-3.5_15 }
 * type="{}"}

{$$\frac{32}{-x - 2}\ > 4$$ x < { -10_15 }
 * type="{}"}

{All students at Central High School need a minimum of 40 credits to pass each year. Jack takes seven courses in one year, one of which is worth four credits. What must the minimum credit value of each of the other six courses be if Jack plans to pass this year? { 6_15 }
 * type="{}"}

title: Intermediate Algebra/Chapter1Test