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Radiation Oncology/NSCLC/Randomized

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Randomized In process of being cross-linked ...

Primary surgery vs. primary RT

 * Medical Research Council/Hammersmith Hospital (1954-1958) -- RT vs Surgery
 * Randomized. 58 patients, no clinical or radiologic evidence of mediastinal involvement. Biopsy proven carcinoma. Arm 1) RT - using 8 MeV linac, 45 Gy in 4 weeks daily. Target + 2cm + hilar/mediastinal areas; vs. Arm 2) Surgery - pneumonectomy or lobectomy + hilar/mediastinal LND. However 13/30 weren't operable/refused. Histology squamous 64%, adenocarcinoma 3%, small cell/anaplastic 33%
 * 1963 PMID not available, doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(63)91444-2 --"THE TREATMENT OF CARCINOMA OF THE BRONCHUS A Clinical Trial to Compare Surgery and Supervoltage Radiotherapy" (Morrison R, Lancet. 1963. Mar 30; 281(7283):683-684)
 * Outcome: 1-year OS RT 64% vs. Surgery 43%; 2-year OS 14% vs. 27%; 4-year 7% vs. 23% (NS). By histology: squamous 6% vs. 30% (SS); small cell 10% both (NS)
 * Conclusion: In squamous cell tumors, surgical resection is significantly better than RT; no difference in small cell.

Limited resection vs. lobectomy

 * North American Lung Cancer Study Group 821, 1995 (1982-88)- PMID 7677489 — "Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for T1 N0 non-small cell lung cancer." Ginsberg RJ et al. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995 Sep;60(3):615-22
 * Randomized. 247/276 patients with peripheral pT1N0. Treated with limited resection (segmental resection or large wedge with 2cm margin)
 * Locoregional recurrence: limited resection 17% vs. lobectomy 6% (SS, 3x higher). Death rate: 39% vs. 30% (NS)
 * Tumor volume: lobectomy better, regardless of tumor size (<3 cm3, 3-8 cm3, 8-27 cm3)
 * Toxicity: perioperative morbidity, mortality, and late post-op pulmonary function comparable
 * Conclusion: Higher LR and death rate, without improved post-op function

Pre-op RT vs Surgery Alone

 * Nijmegen (The Netherlands)(1971-1976) -- Pre-op Mediastinal RT vs Surgery Alone
 * Randomized, pilot. 33 patients, clinical T1-2N0 NSCLC, mediastinoscopy LN-. Arm 1) Pre-op RT 20/5 to hilar, subcarinal, tracheo-bronchial, and paraesophageal LNs followed by surgery following Monday vs. Arm 2) Surgery alone. Either lobectomy or pneumonectomy
 * 1984 PMID 6378851 -- "Evaluation of short-course preoperative irradiation in the treatment of resectable bronchus carcinoma: long-term analysis of a randomized pilot-study." (Kazem I, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1984 Jul;10(7):981-5.) Minimum F/U 7 years
 * Outcome: 5-year OS pre-op RT 58% vs. surgery alone 43%; 5-year DSS 78% vs. 67% (NS); median OS 6 years vs. 2.5 years. R0 resection in pre-op 57% vs surgery only 28%
 * Subgroup analysis: If lobectomy, RT beneficial only during first year, then no difference. If pneumonectomy, RT beneficial during entire follow-up (5-year OS 66% vs. 42%).
 * Toxicity: 9% operative mortality (all patients in surgery only arm); delayed wound healing comparable
 * Conclusion: Pre-op RT well tolerated, and results are encouraging

 * Germany
 * Randomized. 196 operable patients. Arm 1) Pre-op RT 5500 RHD (Co-60) vs. Arm 2) Surgery only
 * 1975 PMID 173257 -- "[Results of a controlled clinical trial for evaluation of intensive preoperative irradiation in operable bronchial cancer (author's transl)] - [Article in German]" (Eichhorn HJ, Arch Geschwulstforsch. 1975;45(4):376-84.)
 * Outcome: No difference in annual survival. Significantly reduced LR rate
 * Toxicity: Post-op mortality and complications "a bit more favorable"
 * Conclusion: No difference

 * NCI Trial (1963-1966) -- Pre-op RT vs. Surgery only
 * Randomized. 17 institutions. 568 patients operable (no carina, no mediastinum/SCV, no chest wall invasion). Arm 1) immediate surgery vs. Arm 2) Pre-op RT, given as >40 Gy supravoltage
 * 1975 PMID 171057 -- "Preoperative irradiation of cancer of the lung: final report of a therapeutic trial. A collaborative study." (Warram J, Cancer. 1975 Sep;36(3):914-25.)
 * Outcome: 5-year OS pre-op RT 13% vs. surgery 16% (NS); 5-year RFS 11% vs. 14% (NS)
 * Toxicity: Post-op mortality in surgery alone 11%, not estimated for pre-op RT group
 * Conclusion: No difference

Surgery +/- adjuvant EBRT

 * Rome (Italy)(1989-1997)
 * Randomized. 104 patients with Stage I only. Surgery +/- RT (corrected 50.4/28 to bronchial stump and homolateral hilum; mean treated area 50 cm2)
 * 2002 PMID 11830308 -- "Adjuvant radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer with pathological stage I: definitive results of a phase III randomized trial." (Trodella L, Radiother Oncol. 2002 Jan;62(1):11-9.)
 * 5-year outcome: OS: RT 67% vs. observation 58% (p=0.048); LR: 2% vs. 23%
 * Toxicity: 11% acute toxicity; no long term clinical toxicity, 37% radiographic fibrosis
 * Conclusion: RT gave good results in LC, promising OS and DFS

 * Beijing (China) (1982-95)
 * Randomized. 366 pts, positive N1 or N2 nodes after surgery. Randomized to RT 60 Gy vs no further therapy. Field included bronchial stump, ipsilateral hilum, and most of the mediastinum; included SCLV for pts with upper mediastinal node involvement; mediastinum down to diaphragm for lower lobe primary.
 * 2000 PMID 10863061 — "A study of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized trial." Feng QF et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000 Jul 1;47(4):925-9.
 * 3-yr OS (51.9% vs 50.2%), 5-yr OS (42.9% vs 40.5%), not S.S. Trend toward improved OS in T3-4 and N1 pts receiving RT.
 * Comments: More pts with N2 disease in RT group (45% vs 27%)

 * GETCB (France)(1986-94)
 * Randomized. 728 pts (Stage I-III) randomized after resection to RT 60 Gy or observation.
 * 1999 PMID 10421262 — "A controlled study of postoperative radiotherapy for patients with completely resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Groupe d'Etude et de Traitement des Cancers Bronchiques." Dautzenberg B et al. Cancer. 1999 Jul 15;86(2):265-73.
 * 5-yr OS 30% (RT) vs 43% (Obs). Excess mortality due to increase in intercurrent deaths (31% vs 8%). More intercurrent deaths for higher dose per fraction. ON subgroup analysis, detrimental effect of RT significant in Stage I-II but not Stage III. No effect on local recurrences or distant mets.
 * Critique: included N0 patients, majority treated with Co-60, with fractions up to 2.5 Gy/fx

 * Graz (Austria)(1985-1995)
 * Randomized. 155 pts, pT1-3 pN0-2. Randomized to RT 50 Gy (if pN0) or 56 Gy (if pN1-2) vs no further treatment. Treatment included the bronchial stump + 2cm margin, ipsilateral hilum, and mediastinum; SCLV included for apical tumors. 2F AP/PA or 3F with off-cord after 42 Gy
 * 1997 PMID 9377958 Full text — "Postoperative radiotherapy in radically resected non-small cell lung cancer." Mayer R et al. Chest. 1997 Oct;112(4):954-9.
 * 5-yr outcome: OS: RT 30% vs observation 20% (NS). DFS: 20% vs. 16% (NS). LR 6% vs. 24% (SS)
 * Conclusion: Significant reduction in local recurrences, tendency to OS benefit

 * Medical Research Council (1986-93)
 * Randomized. 308 pts. Were pN1 or pN2. Randomized after surgery +/- RT 40 Gy in 15 fx.
 * 1996 PMID 8761382 — "The role of post-operative radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: a multicentre randomised trial in patients with pathologically staged T1-2, N1-2, M0 disease. Medical Research Council Lung Cancer Working Party." Stephens RJ et al. Br J Cancer. 1996 Aug;74(4):632-9.
 * Overall, no survival difference. On subgroup analysis, trend to survival benefit for N2 pts (21% vs 36% at 3 yrs, p=0.18). No benefit in N1 pts.

 * France (1985-91)
 * Randomized. 163 pts, T2N0. Randomized to RT 60 Gy or no further treatment.
 * 1996 PMID 8784014 — "Postresection irradiation for T2 N0 M0 non-small cell carcinoma: a prospective, randomized study." Lafitte JJ et al. Ann Thorac Surg. 1996 Sep;62(3):830-4.
 * No difference in survival, OS 44.2% (survival figures not given for each arm). No difference in local or distant mets.

 * Lung Cancer Study Group 773
 * Randomized. 230 pts. Resected squamous cell carcinoma, Stage II or III. Randomized to +/- RT 50 Gy to mediastinum.
 * 1986 PMID 2877397 — "Effects of postoperative mediastinal radiation on completely resected stage II and stage III epidermoid cancer of the lung." The Lung Cancer Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1986 Nov 27;315(22):1377-81.
 * Local recurrences were reduced: 20% vs 1% local failure, but overall treatment failures were the same.
 * Conclusion: Improved LR, but no effect on survival.

 * Van Houtte (1966-1975)
 * 224 pts. N0. Randomized after resection to RT (60 Gy) vs observation.
 * 1980 PMID 6998936 — "Postoperative radiation therapy in lung cancer: a controlled trial after resection of curative design." Van Houtte P et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1980 Aug;6(8):983-6.
 * Survival was worse in the RT group: 5-ys OS 24% vs 43% (NS).

Surgery +/- adjuvant chemotherapy

 * CALGB 9633 (1996-2003) -- Surgery +/- paclitaxel and carboplatin
 * Randomized. Stopped early after interim analysis showed survival benefit. 344 patients (target 500). NSCLC, T2, pN0 by mediastinoscopy, resected with lobectomy/pneumonectomy. Arm 1) adjuvant paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 + carboplatin AUC 6 Q3W x4 cycles vs. Arm 2) observation. Primary endpoint OS
 * 2008 PMID 18809614 -- "Adjuvant Paclitaxel Plus Carboplatin Compared With Observation in Stage IB Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: CALGB 9633 With the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, and North Central Cancer Treatment Group Study Groups." (Strauss GM, J Clin Oncol. 2008 Sep 22. [Epub ahead of print]) Median F/U 6.2 years
 * Outcome: median OS chemo 7.9 years vs. observation 6.5 years (NS); 5-year OS 60% vs. 58% (NS); 5-year DFS 52% vs. 48% (NS). Subgroup analysis: survival difference for tumors >=4cm
 * Toxicity: Grade 3/4 neutropenia in 35%
 * Conclusion: Negative trial, adjuvant chemo should not be standard of care in Stage IB. Survival advantage for large tumors on subset analysis

 * International Adjuvant Lung Trial (IALT) (1995-2000) -- Surgery +/- cisplatin and vinca alkaloids
 * Randomized. Terminated early due to slow accrual. 1867 patients (target 3300). Stages I-III (Stage I 36%, Stage II 24%, Stage III 40%), complete resection. Arm 1) Adjuvant cisplatin with either etoposide (in 56%) or vinca alkaloid (vinorelbine, vinblastine, vindesine) x3-4 cycles. ~25% also received RT based on institutional preference.
 * 2004 PMID 14736927 — "Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with completely resected non-small-cell lung cancer." Arriagada R et al. N Engl J Med. 2004 Jan 22;350(4):351-60. Median F/U 4.7 years
 * Outcome: 5-year OS chemo 44% vs. 40% control (SS); DFS 39% vs. 34% (SS). Also benefit for local control, distant control. However, no OS benefit on Stage I subset analysis (HR 0.95, NS)
 * Toxicity: 1% died due to chemo effects
 * Conclusion: Cisplatin-based adjuvant chemo improves survival
 * 2006 PMID 16957145 -- "DNA repair by ERCC1 in non-small-cell lung cancer and cisplatin-based adjuvant chemotherapy." (Olaussen KA, N Engl J Med. 2006 Sep 7;355(10):983-91.)
 * Expression of ERCC1. 761 tumors analyzed. 44% positive, 56% negative
 * ERCC1 negative: 5-year OS 47% chemo vs. 39% control (SS). Median OS 56 months chemo vs. 40 months control (14 month benefit)
 * ERCC1 positive: 5-year OS 40% chemo vs. 46% control (NS). Median OS 50 months chemo vs. 55 months control (NS)
 * Conclusion: In completely resected NSCLC, patients with ERCC1- tumors benefit from cispaltin, while ERCC1+ tumors do not. ERCC1+ tumors have a better overall OS

 * NCI-Canada JBR.10 / INT (1994-2001) -- Surgery +/- cisplatin and vinorelbine
 * Randomized. 482 patients with Stage IB-II (T3 excluded), complete resection. Arm 1) Adjuvant cisplatin 50 mg/m2 and vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 Q4W x4 cycles vs Arm 2) observation. No RT given.
 * 5-years; 2005 PMID 15972865 — "Vinorelbine plus Cisplatin vs. Observation in Resected Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer." Winton T et al. N Engl J Med. 2005 June 23;352(25):2589-2597. Median F/U 5 years.
 * Outcome: Median OS chemo 7.8 years vs 6.1 years (SS); 5-year OS 69% vs 54%. Median RFS 61% vs. 49% (SS). Subgroup analysis showed no benefit for chemotherapy for Stage IB.
 * Conclusion: Improvement in overall survival

 * Adjuvant Navelbine International Trialist Association (ANITA) (1994-2000) -- Surgery +/- cisplatin and vinorelbine
 * Randomized. 840 patients. Stage IB-IIIA (36% IB, 24% II, 39% IIIA), complete resection. Arm 1) Adjuvant Cisplatin 100mg/m2 + Vinorelbine 30mg/m2 x4 cycles vs Arm 2) observation. Post-op RT not mandatory, and done according to each center's policy (given to 28%)
 * 6-years; 2006 PMID 16945766 -- "Adjuvant vinorelbine plus cisplatin versus observation in patients with completely resected stage IB-IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer (Adjuvant Navelbine International Trialist Association [ANITA]): a randomised controlled trial." (Douillard JY, Lancet Oncol. 2006 Sep;7(9):719-27.). Median F/U 6.3 years
 * Outcome: 5-year OS chemo 51% vs observation 43% (SS); decreased death by 21%. Median OS 5.5 years vs 3.6 years (SS). Median RFS 3.0 years vs 1.7 years (SS). No benefit for Stage IB on subgroup analysis (5-year OS 62% vs 64%, NS).  For Stage II, 52% vs. 39%; Stage IIIA 42% vs. 26%. If N0, 58% vs. 61% (NS); if N1 52% vs. 36%; if N2 40% vs. 19%
 * Toxicity: neutropenia 92%, febrile neutropenia 9%, toxic deaths 2%
 * Conclusion: Adjuvant vinorelbine/cisplatin extends survival
 * See also: Radiotherapy from the ANITA trial (discussed under PORT section)

 * Adjuvant Lung Project Italy (ALPI) (1994-1999) -- Surgery +/- MVP
 * Randomized, multi-institutional. 1209 patients with Stage I-IIIA. Treated with 1) surgery + adjuvant mitomycinC/vindesine/cisplatin (MVP) vs. 2) Surgery alone. 43% also received RT.
 * 2003 PMID 14519751 — "Randomized study of adjuvant chemotherapy for completely resected stage I, II, or IIIA non-small-cell Lung cancer." Scagliotti GV et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003 Oct 1;95(19):1453-61. Median F/U 5.4 years
 * Median OS: no difference; PFS no difference. Elective RT: Arm 1 65% vs. Arm 2 82%
 * Toxicity: only 69% received MVP x3 cycles
 * Conclusion: No difference in outcomes
 * Critique: MVP not a good regimen, with pulmonary toxicity of Mitomycin C

 * Japan JLCRG (1994-1997) -- Surgery +/- uracil-tegafur (UFT)
 * Randomized. 999 patients, pathologic Stage I adenocarcinoma. Arm 1) adjuvant oral uracil-tegafur (tegafur 250 mg/m2) x2 years vs. Arm 2) observation. Primary end point OS
 * 2004 PMID 15102997 -- "A randomized trial of adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur for adenocarcinoma of the lung." (Kato H, N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 22;350(17):1713-21.) Median F/U 6.1 years
 * Outcome: 5-year OS UFT 88% vs. observation 85% (p=0.047). Stage IA 89% vs. 90% (NS), Stage IB 85% vs. 74% (SS).
 * Toxicity: Grade 3 in 2%
 * Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy improves survival

 * Rome Tor Vergata (1988-1994) -- Surgery +/- cisplatin and etoposide
 * Randomized. 140 patients, Stage IB (pT2N0), sublobar (34%) or great resection. Arm 1) Adjuvant cisplatin 100 mg/m2 and etoposide 120 mg/m2 Q4W x6 cycles vs Arm 2) observation. Primary endpoint OS
 * 2006 PMID 16550600 -- "Postsurgical chemotherapy in stage IB nonsmall cell lung cancer: Long-term survival in a randomized study." (Roselli M, Int J Cancer. 2006 Aug 15;119(4):955-60.) Mean F/U 3.4 years
 * Outcome: 5-year OS chemo 62% vs. observation 42% (SS). If anatomic resection, 75% vs. 50% (SS)); if sublobar resection, 40% vs. 39% (NS)
 * Toxicity: Grade 3 in 18%
 * Conclusion: Adjuvant chemotherapy may improve long-term survival in Stage IB

 * Big Lung Trial (Surgical arm)
 * 2004 PMID 15200998 — "Chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer: the surgical setting of the Big Lung Trial." Waller D et al. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004 Jul;26(1):173-82.
 * Randomized to chemotherapy vs observation. 3 cycles of chemotherapy q3week. Multiple cisplatin-based regimens.
 * No survival benefit.

Adjuvant chemo vs. adjuvant chemo-RT

 * CALGB 9734 - post-op chemo +/- RT
 * Randomized. 37/44 patients. Completely resected Stage IIIA. Adjuvant paclitaxel x4 cycles, then 2-4 weeks later +/- RT. Closed early due to slow accrual
 * 2007 PMID 17311692 -- "A phase III study of surgical resection and paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy with or without adjuvant radiation therapy for resected stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B 9734." (Perry MC, Clin Lung Cancer. 2007 Jan;8(4):268-72.)
 * Outcome: Median DFS RT 1.4 years vs. no RT 2.8 years (NS); 1-year OS 72% vs. 74% (NS)
 * Conclusion: Small study, no improvement in outcome

 * INT 0115 ECOG EST 3590 / RTOG 91-05 - chemo/RT vs RT
 * Randomized. 488 patients. Stage II-IIIA. Cisplatin/etoposide x4 cycles + concurrent RT vs RT alone. Cisplatin 60 mg/m2, etoposide 120 mg/m2. RT 50.4/28
 * 2000 PMID 11071672 — "A randomized trial of postoperative adjuvant therapy in patients with completely resected stage II or IIIA non-small-cell lung cancer." Keller SM et al. N Engl J Med. 2000 Oct 26;343(17):1217-22.
 * Outcome: median OS 3.2 years vs. 3.2 years (NS). In-field recurrence 13% vs. 12% (NS)
 * Toxicity: treatment-related mortality RT 1.2% vs. CRT 1.6%
 * Conclusion: No difference in recurrence or survival.

Set Up

 * University of Toronto (2008-2009) -- abdominal compression vs Body fix immobilization
 * Randomized. 24 patients, 25 lesions (16 upper lobe, 2 middle lobe, 7 lower lobe), medically inoperable Stage I NSCLC or pulmonary mets. All patients underwent 4D-CRT with free breathing, Bodyfix, and abdominal compression plate (ACP). After sim randomized to immobilization with Arm 1) Bodyfix or Arm 2) ACP. CBCT acquired before and after each treatment
 * 2010 PMID 20189669 -- "A comparison of two immobilization systems for stereotactic body radiation therapy of lung tumors." (Han K, Radiother Oncol. 2010 Feb 26. [Epub ahead of print])
 * Outcome: Both Bodyfix and ACP reduced sup-inf (4.6 mm vs 4.0 mm vs 5.3 mm) and overall tumor motion (5.3 mm vs 4.7 mm vs 6.1 mm) compared to free-breathing (SS). ACP further reduced sup-inf (SS) and overall tumor motion (SS) compared to Bodyfix
 * Toxicity: ACP faster to set up and more comfortable by patients (SS)
 * Conclusion: Abdominal compression superior to Bodyfix in immobilization and patient comfort

Induction Chemo vs Induction Chemo-RT

 * German GLCCG (1995-2003) -- Induction cisplatin/etoposide then concurrent chemo-RT then surgery vs. induction cisplatin/etoposide then postop RT
 * Randomized. 524 patients with NSCLC Stage IIIA (33%) or resectable IIIB (67%). Arm 1) Induction cisplatin 55 mg/m2 + etoposide 100 mg/m2 x3 cycles, then concurrent RT 45/30 in 1.5 Gy BID with carboplatin 100 mg/m2 + vindesine 3mg, followed by surgery vs. Arm 2) Same induction, followed by surgery, followed by RT (54/30 if R0, 68.4/38. Surgery after 4-6 weeks. Primary endpoint PFS
 * 2008 PMID 18583190 -- "Effect of preoperative chemoradiation in addition to preoperative chemotherapy: a randomised trial in stage III non-small-cell lung cancer." (Thomas M, Lancet Oncol. 2008 Jul;9(7):636-648. Epub 2008 Jun 24.)
 * Outcome: Surgery chemo 59% vs. chemo-RT 59%; mediastinal downstaging 29% vs. 46% (SS). Median PFS (primary endpoint) 10.0 months vs. 9.5 months (NS).
 * Toxicity: If pneumonectomy (35% in both groups), worse mortality 14% vs. 6%
 * Conclusion: Preop chemo-RT increases mediastinal downstaging, but doesn't improve survival. After induction, pneumonectomy should be avoided

Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation (PCI)

 * German Multicenter (1994-2001)
 * Terminated early due to slow accrual after benefit of adjuvant chemo shown.  Randomized. 112 patients with operable Stage IIIA NSCLC based on mediastinoscopy staging. Arm 1) primary resection + adjuvant RT 50-60 Gy vs. Arm 2) preoperative chemo (cisplatin/etoposide x3 cycles) + concurrent chemo-RT (cisplatin/etoposide RT 45 Gy in 1.5 Gy BID) + definitive surgery + PCI 30/15
 * 2007 PMID 17971598 -- "Prophylactic cranial irradiation in operable stage IIIA non small-cell lung cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: results from a German multicenter randomized trial." (Pottgen C, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Nov 1;25(31):4987-92.)
 * 5-year outcome: brain first failure PCI 8% vs no PCI 35% (SS); any brain failure 9% vs. 27% (SS)
 * Toxicity: no difference; slightly decreased neurocognition in both groups compared to age-matched controls
 * Conclusion: PCI effective in preventing brain mets after trimodality therapy

RT vs. Placebo

 * VA Lung Group (VALG) -- RT vs. placebo vs. chemotherapy
 * Randomized, 3 arms. 800 patients. Localized but inoperable (mostly due to bulky disease). KPS 80-100 33%, KPS 50-70 55%. Arm 1) RT vs. Arm 2) placebo (lactose) vs. Arm 3) chemo (not reported here). RT given: orthovolatage in 90% (200-260 kV), Cobalt-60 in 10%. Target dose 40-50 Gy, but 33% received <40 Gy (2/3 died, 1/3 medical complications)
 * 1968 PMID 4170866 -- "The survival of patients with inoperable lung cancer: a large-scale randomized study of radiation therapy versus placebo." (Roswit B, Radiology. 1968 Apr;90(4):688-97.)
 * Outcome: Median OS: RT 4.6 months vs. placebo 3.7 months (NS); 1-year survival: RT 18% vs. placebo 14% (p=0.05).
 * Long-term survivors (top 25%): RT 10 monts vs. 7.6 months (SS). Better survival if longer symptomatic prior to diagnosis, suggesting slower rate of growth
 * Conclusion: RT does not impact median OS, but improves long-term survival

Concurrent Chemo-RT +/- Induction Chemo

 * CALGB B39801 (1998-2002) -- Induction carboplatin/paclitaxel -> chemo-RT vs chemo-RT
 * Randomized. 366 patients with unresectable Stage III NSCLC. Randomized to Arm 1) Concurrent carboplatin (AUC=2)/paclitaxel (50 mg/sq m) with RT 66 Gy. Arm 2) Induction with carboplatin(AUC=6)/paclitaxel (200 mg/sq m) x2 cycles, then concurrent chemo-RT as Arm 1
 * 2007 PMID 17404369 -- "Induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy compared with chemoradiotherapy alone for regionally advanced unresectable stage III Non-small-cell lung cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B." (Vokes EE, J Clin Oncol. 2007 May 1;25(13):1698-704.)
 * Outcome: MS induction 12 months vs. no induction 14 months (NS); 2-year OS 29% vs. 31% (NS)
 * Toxicity: Induction chemo neutropenia (20% Grade 3-4), no difference between concurrent CRT arms
 * Conclusion: Addition of induction chemo added toxicity without survival benefit.
 * Comment: Low survival compared to other trials, possibly due to lower chemo dose due to using carboplatin and not cisplatin.

Chemo-RT +/- chemotherapy consolidation

 * Hoosier Oncology Group (2002-2006) -- Chemo-RT +/- docetaxel
 * Randomized. Stopped early due to interim analysis of futility. 147/203 patients with stage IIIA-B, FEV1 >=1 L, wt loss <5%. Concurrent RT 59.4 Gy with cisplatin/etoposide, then if no progression Arm 1) docetaxel 75 mg/m2 x3 cycles vs. Arm 2) observation
 * 2008 PMID 19001323 -- "Phase III study of cisplatin, etoposide, and concurrent chest radiation with or without consolidation docetaxel in patients with inoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: the Hoosier Oncology Group and U.S. Oncology." (Hanna N, J Clin Oncol. 2008 Dec 10;26(35):5755-60. Epub 2008 Nov 10.)
 * Outcome: Median OS docetaxel 1.8 years vs. observation 1.9 years (NS)
 * Toxicity: Grade 3+ febrile neutropenia 11%, pneumonitis 10%, hospitalization 29% vs. 8%, death 5%
 * Conclusion: Consolidation with docetaxel increased toxicity with no impact on survival

 * SWOG 0023 (2001-2005) -- Chemo-RT and adjuvant docetaxel +/- adjuvant gefitinib
 * Randomized. Closed early after worse survival with gefitinib. 243/672 patients, Stage III NSCLC. Concurrent cisplatin 50 mg/m2 + etoposide 50 mg/m2 + RT 61 Gy, then docetaxel 75 mg/m2 x3 cycles. If no progression, randomized Arm 1) gefitinib 250 mg/d vs. Arm 2) placebo until progression, toxicity or 5 years
 * 2008 PMID 18378568 -- "Phase III trial of maintenance gefitinib or placebo after concurrent chemoradiotherapy and docetaxel consolidation in inoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: SWOG S0023." (Kelly K, J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 20;26(15):2450-6. Epub 2008 Mar 31.) Median F/U 2.2 years
 * Outcome: median OS gefitinib 1.9 years vs. placebo 2.9 years (SS)
 * Toxicity: death rate gefitinib 2% vs. placebo 0%
 * Conclusion: Gefitinib didn't improve survival; decreased survival result of tumor progression and not gefitinib toxicity

Radiosensitization
Metoclopramide
 * Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo (1995-1998) -- observation vs metoclopramide
 * 2010 PMID 20165821 -- "CT Density in Lung Cancer Patients After Radiotherapy Sensitized by Metoclopramide : A Subgroup Analysis of a Randomized Trial." (Dale E, Strahlenther Onkol. 2010 Feb 22. [Epub ahead of print])
 * Randomized. Trial stopped prematurely due to financial difficulties. 30 patients enrolled, 16 analyzable, NSCLC stage IIIA/IIIB. RT 60/33. Arm 1) observation vs Arm 2) concurrent metoclopramide 2mg/kg TIW. Analysis of CT density
 * Outcome: Lung density increased with dose (SS). Patients on metoclopramide less increase in tissue density (SS)
 * Conclusion: Metoclopramide and large radiation dose seemed to protect against fibrosis development

Metastatic

 * Japan WJTOG 3405
 * Randomized. 172 chemo-naive patients, age <=75, Stage IIIB/IV NSCLC or postop recurrence, with EGRF mutation (exon 19 deletion or L858R point mutation). Arm 1) Gefitinib 250 mg QD vs Arm 2) cisplatin 80 mg/m2 and docetaxel 60 mg/m2 Q3W x 3-6 cycles. Primary endpoint PFS
 * 2009 PMID 20022809 -- "Gefitinib versus cisplatin plus docetaxel in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (WJTOG3405): an open label, randomised phase 3 trial." (Mitsudomi T, Lancet Oncol. 2009 Dec 18. [Epub ahead of print])
 * Outcome: Median PFG gefitinib 9 months vs. cisplatin/docetaxel 6 months (SS)
 * Toxicity: Myelosuppression, alopecia, and fatigue more frequent in cisplatin/docetaxel group, but skin toxicity, liver dysfunction, and diarrhoea more frequent in the gefitinib group. Two patients (2%) developed interstitial lung disease
 * Conclusion: Patients with EGFR mutations have longer PFS on gefitinib than on cisplatin/docetaxel

Amifostine

 * RTOG 9801 -- Induction -> concurrent chemo-AHFX RT +/- amifostine
 * Randomized. 243 patients with unresectable NSCLC (II-IIIB). Induction paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC6 x2 cycles, then concurrent chemo-RT. RT 69.6/58 @ 1.2 GY BID with concurrent paclitaxel 50 mg/m2 and carboplatin AUC2. During chemo-RT Arm 1) placebo vs. Arm 2) amifostine 500 mg IV (72% received it per protocol)
 * 2005 PMID 15800308 -- "Randomized trial of amifostine in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and hyperfractionated radiation: radiation therapy oncology group trial 98-01." (Movsas B, J Clin Oncol. 2005 Apr 1;23(10):2145-54.)
 * Outcome: Grade 3+ acute esophagitis AM 30% vs no AM 34% (NS); patient reported dysphagia significantly better with AM (p=0.02). But, AM higher acute nausea (SS), vomiting (SS), CV toxicity (SS), and infection/neutropenia (SS). No difference in QOL
 * Survival: AM 17.3 months vs. no AM 17.9 months (NS)
 * Conclusion: Amifostine did not significantly reduce grade 3+ esophagitis, though patient self-assessment suggested an advantage

title: Radiation Oncology/NSCLC/Randomized


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WebObjects/Overview/History

The contents of this wikibook are out of date and have now moved to http://wiki.objectstyle.org/confluence/display/WO/Home.

WebObjects was initially created at Next. There was a framework called DBKit, which provided a way to abstract legacy databases to an object-relational graph. This framework later became the Enterprise Objects Framework.

EOF was used to build nibware, runnable applications for NextStep/OpenStep that were built with Project Builder and which used interfaces that were designed in Interface Builder. If this sounds familiar, it is because the ideas from that time have only been refined, and not fundamentally changed, to become the Cocoa frameworks for applications running on Mac OS X today.

WebObjects was built on top of DBKit/EOF to provide a way to create applications for the World Wide Web. The first versions of WebObjects were created at Next around the latter half of 1992.

(This information can be fleshed out and corrected when the information from the 2007 WWDC is more widely available.)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: WebObjects/Overview/History


text:
File:EOF 1.1 Intro small.png

Summary
Screen shot from introduction to EOF 1.1, created by Next Computer, Inc. This product is no longer sold, the products derived from it are being given away with the system by Apple Computer, Inc, and the screen shot is being used as historical commentary only.

title: File:EOF 1.1 Intro small.png


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User talk:Terriekearney

Hello and welcome to wikibooks. I noticed you uploaded several images for use with the management book. I would like to ask that you please indicate what license you are using for these images, for without licenses it is necessary for us to assume that they are copyright violations (and thus delete them).

If you know how you can tag them yourself, or you can tell me or someone else what license the images are under (if they're US government images, they're PD; if you took them off some random website, they probably don't belong here; if you took the picture you can license it however you want but preferably under a free license like the GFDL).

Thank you for your time.

Mattb112885 (talk) 02:29, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Images
Thanks for uploading Image:Asche.jpg and Image:Asch.png. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikibooks because of copyright law, and requires that we maintain a strict copyright policy. The image that may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and status.

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikibooks are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information or giving false information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask another Wikibookian at the help desk. Thank you.  – Urbane'''   (Talk)   (Contributions)  14:22, 29 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Also could you please add license and source information to image:Explosion.jpg. Thanks Urbane   (Talk)   (Contributions)

Image copyright problems
Thanks for uploading image(s) to Wikibooks. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about what Wikibooks includes because of copyright law, and requires that we maintain a strict copyright policy. Some or all of your uploaded files may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and status. The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Please take the time to read Media to learn more about what copyright information is required to satisfy our requirements and remember to include this important information for every file that you upload in the future as well. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask another Wikibookian at the help desk.

To find the files in question, use (unlicensed|untagged)

Thanks! '''– MBA ( Bot talk | Mike talk | owner | block ) 01:21, 21 September 2007 (UTC)

 * This is an automated message. Please ignore it if you've already provided license information for all your uploads.

title: User talk:Terriekearney


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Wikijunior:World War II/Template

Three templates are available:
 * Event Template
 * Device (vehicle, weapon, ship, plane) Template
 * Person Template

title: Wikijunior:World War II/Template


text: Wikijunior:World War II/Template/Event Template


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User:Sazai

Sazai is originally from rural Illinois. These days she's working on her BFA in New York City. However, most of the things she knows that are important didn't come from a formal education, rather an undying thirst for knowledge.

title: User:Sazai


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WebObjects/EOF/Modeling/Inheritance

Entity inheritance is a way to take advantage of the object-relational mapping layer between the EOEntity objects and the table structure in the database to provide flexibility. This flexibility can also become a source of problems, so care must be taken when using this feature. There are many tricks available from the flexibility this feature provides.

There are three kinds of entity inheritance that represent different ways to map a table or tables to an entity or entities.

Single-Table Inheritance
In single-table inheritance, a single table can be used for more than one entity. The most sure way to do this is to use a column, or a set of columns, that have ordinal values.

An example would be:

One can create two entities. In one entity, called "Cars", the external name would be "Sellables" and there would be a restricting qualifier saying that "objType = 1". For another entity, called "Planes", the external name would also be "Sellables" and there would be a restricting qualifier saying that "objType = 2".

When instances of the Cars or the Planes entity are created, one must make sure to set the objType attribute. It is often simplest to have custom EO classes for the entities that can handle the initiation reliably.

title: WebObjects/EOF/Modeling/Inheritance


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Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Antonin Dolohov

Overview
Antonin Dolohov is a Death Eater with a long, pale, twisted face who was convicted of the brutal murders of Gideon and Fabian Prewett and imprisoned in Azkaban.

Goblet of Fire
When Harry was viewing Albus Dumbledore's memories in the Pensieve, he saw a session where Igor Karkaroff was naming Death Eaters while trying to bargain for a shorter sentence. One of the names he provided was that of Dolohov; Bartemius Crouch, who was presiding over the Wizengamot at that point, said that they had already apprehended Dolohov.

Order of the Phoenix
Dolohov broke out of the wizard prison with Bellatrix Lestrange, Augustus Rookwood, and seven other convicted Death Eaters.

In the Battle at the Department of Mysteries, Dolohov and Jugson had cornered Hermione, Harry, and Neville, and Hermione Silenced him when he tried to call out their location to bring the other Death Eaters. After Jugson had been Petrified, Dolohov seriously injured Hermione with a curse in the form of a streak of purple flame, broke Neville's wand and nose, and ended up Petrified by Harry. Later re-animated, he was in the battle in the room of the Veil, where he defeated Alastor Moody and almost defeated Sirius Black before he was again Petrified by Harry.

Half-Blood Prince
When Lord Voldemort, or Tom Riddle as he is then known, is seen in Albus Dumbledore's memories returning to Hogwarts to apply for the job of teacher of Defence Against the Dark Arts, Dumbledore asks him about his "friends" waiting for him in Hogsmeade. Dolohov is one of the friends mentioned by name, along with Mulciber, Nott, and Evan Rosier.

Deathly Hallows
Dolohov appeared during the Death Eater meeting at the Malfoy Manor where he sat next to Yaxley and seemed supportive when he delivered good news.

When Harry, Ron, and Hermione escape from the Weasley wedding and head for Tottenham Court Road, they are tracked there by two Death Eaters, Dolohov and Thorfinn Rowle. Rowle is Stunned by Harry from the concealment of his Invisibility Cloak; Dolohov is Petrified by Hermione. They both then have their memory modified by Hermione.

In the first part of the battle of Hogwarts, as Harry, Ron and Hermione make their way invisibly through the Entrance Hall on their way to the Shrieking Shack, they pass Dolohov who is dueling with Dean Thomas. Peeves drops a Snargaluff pod on Ron's head. Distracted by this, Dolohov is Petrified by Parvati Patil, who is also there dueling with Travers. In an interview after the publication of the final book, the author stated that it was Dolohov who killed Remus Lupin in the Battle of Hogwarts.

When Harry heads for the Forbidden Forest to meet Voldemort, Dolohov is one of the two guards that he follows; the other is Yaxley. He is later seen in the final battle being defeated by Filius Flitwick.

Strengths
He seems to be a very skilled wizard in terms of dueling and the Dark Arts. He was powerful enough to defeat Moody and Remus on separate occasions and almost defeated Sirius Black before Harry hit him with a spell from behind.

Weaknesses
He has been known to be somewhat easily distracted on a few occasions.

Relationships with Other Characters
Dolohov and Yaxley seem to be friends, as they are seen acting friendly toward one another.

Analysis
Dolohov has been serving the Dark Lord for at least forty years, as seen by Dumbledore's memory of Tom Riddle's interview for the teaching position at Hogwarts. Seeing as how most of the other Death Eaters who were around back then were the fathers of many of the current Death Eaters, it's possible that the Dolohov in the memory wasn't Antonin. If the two Dolohovs are the same person this would make Antonin at least sixty by the time we meet him and likely even older, yet his hair is still full of color, and he is never described as being elderly unlike Nott who is about the same age, and is said to be stooped. Unfortunately however we are given no evidence for or against them being the same or separate individuals.


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User talk:Sazai

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. --AdRiley 07:01, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Japanese Wikibook
Are you still interested in revamping the Japanese wikibook?--Balloonguy 10:54, 31 August 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sazai


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User talk:Stahle

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. --AdRiley 07:02, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stahle


text:
User talk:Drieux

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. --AdRiley 07:03, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Drieux


text:
User talk:Joseph romeo~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. --AdRiley 07:03, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Joseph romeo. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Joseph romeo~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:18, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:06, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joseph romeo~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Sriram.Ravula

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. --AdRiley 07:04, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sriram.Ravula


text:
User talk:Dreulandb

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. --AdRiley 07:04, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dreulandb


text:
User talk:PianoplayerPaul

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. --AdRiley 07:04, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:PianoplayerPaul


text:
User talk:Gyrofrog

Welcome message
Hello, welcome to Wikibooks!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck!

You might also be interested to read our Cookbook policy page and talk to other Cookbook editors. Webaware talk 08:54, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gyrofrog


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User:Genma~enwikibooks/monobook.css

.code .input pre {padding:0; border: none; line-height: 1.5em; margin:0;} .code .result pre {border:0; padding:0.2em; margin: 0.3em; background-color: #DDDDFF;} .code .input pre:before {content: "\003E \0020";}

title: User:Genma~enwikibooks/monobook.css


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Atlas Shrugged/Things

This page summarizes some significant things from the novel—from symbols to laws to songs to legends.

Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule
The Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule is passed by the National Alliance of Railroads in section 145, allegedly to prevent "destructive competition" between railroads. The rule gives the Alliance the authority to forbid competition between railroads in certain parts of the country. It was crafted by Orren Boyle as a favor for James Taggart, with the purpose of driving the Phoenix-Durango out of Colorado.

Bracelet
The very first thing made from Rearden metal is a bracelet. The bracelet is used to illustrate Rand's theory of sex.

The bracelet symbolizes the value created by Hank Rearden's long struggle to invent Rearden metal. When he gives it to Lillian Rearden as a present in section 121 she says, "It's fully as valuable as a piece of railroad rails." However, Lillian fully grasps the significance of the gift; her snide remark is her way of denigrating her husband's ethos.

In section 161, Lillian wears this bracelet at a party thrown on her anniversary. She makes fun of it all night long, and when Dagny Taggart hears Lillian say she would gladly trade it for a common diamond bracelet, Dagny takes her up on it.

Lillian later asks for it back upon realizing her power over her husband was slowly diminishing. Dagny declines the offer.

At the end of the book, the bracelet is one of the very few things Dagny takes with her when she finally departs New York and gives up the futile effort to preserve her company.

The bracelet appears in sections 121 and 161.

Cigarettes with Dollar Sign
Cigarettes stamped with a golden dollar symbol $ (instead of a brand name) turn up from time to time in the story. Rand used cigarettes as a metaphor for humanity's conquest of fire. To Rand, cigarettes are a symbol of humanity's first great technological achievement. In Atlas Shrugged,

"He produced a package of cigarettes and extended it to her [...] It was a plain white package that bore, as a single imprint, the sign of the dollar [...] There was no printing on the package, no trade name, no address, only the dollar sign stamped in gold. The cigarettes bore the same sign."

Ayn Rand chose a cigarette to represent money and capitalism partially because of its connotation of fire, and the significance of that to themes of Atlas Shrugged.

In the early 1970s Rand’s health began to give way. An enthusiastic smoker, she was diagnosed with lung cancer. For Rand, smoking was a Promethean symbol of creativity, inventiveness, profit-making, all she most admired: "When a man thinks, there is a spot of fire alive in his mind – and it is proper that he should have the burning point of a cigarette as his one expression," one of the goodies explains in Atlas Shrugged.

[After her death] a six-foot-high floral dollar sign was erected by her open coffin in the funeral home.

Equalization of Opportunity Bill
A bill designed by the Looters that proposes to limit the number of businesses any one person can own to one. It is aimed primarily at Hank Rearden, who uses Rearden Ore to guarantee Rearden Steel a supply of iron ore. By passing this Bill, the Looters can seize Rearden's other businesses for themselves, and then deny him the iron he needs to run his steel mills.

The Looters claim the Bill is meant to give a chance to the little guy.

The Equalization of Opportunity Bill appears in section 161.

Halley's Fifth Concerto
Richard Halley disappeared after he had written only four concertos. In section 112, Dagny Taggart, an enthusiastic fan of Halley's music, hears an unfamiliar theme being whistled by a brakeman on the Taggart Comet. She asks him what it is; he responds by telling her that it is Halley's Fifth Concerto. When Dagny says Halley only wrote four concertos, the brakeman says he made a mistake and denies knowing what the song was.

Later, Dagny calls Mr. Ayers to find out if Halley wrote a fifth concerto. Ayers says Halley did not.

Halley's Fifth Concerto is mentioned in sections 112, 114 and 152.

Halley's Fourth Concerto
The last thing Richard Halley wrote before he disappeared. It is a song of rebellion and defiance that seemed to say agony and suffering were not necessary. Its main theme is the Greek myth of Phaethon. However, Phaethon succeeds in riding his father's chariot. Dagny Taggart listened to this piece in section 141.

It is mentioned in section 152.

Heaven's In Your Backyard
A film. Mort Liddy wrote the score, using a bastardized version of Halley's Fourth Concerto. It is mentioned in section 161.

John Galt legends
Since everyone across the country is asking, "Who is John Galt?", it is not surprising that some people have come up with answers. A number of John Galt Legends are told, each of which, ironically, turns out to be true, at least symbolically.

 * Legend one (section 161): A spinster at Lillian Rearden's party tells Dagny the story.  John Galt was a man of inestimable wealth who found the sunken island of Atlantis while fighting the worst storm ever wreaked upon the world.  The sight was so beautiful that, having seen it, he could never go back to the world, so he sank his ship and took his fortune down with him.

 * Legend two : John Galt found the elixir of life on the top of a mountain and was never seen again.

Francisco d'Anconia claims that the spinster told the truth.

The actual John Galt was a man who created something of inestimable value, a new motor, and who discovered the secret to what was wrong with the world while fighting the most evil social philosophy ever put into practice. The world he envisioned was so beautiful that he refused to live in the world that was, and disappeared, taking the secret of his motor with him.

Atlantis, the Isles of the Blessed, is a place where no one could enter except those who had the spirit of a hero. Described in these terms, it is the same as Galt's Gulch. Galt describes the reality of the situation as the story that is "concretely true" implying the others are true in a metaphorical sense.

National Alliance of Railroads
An industry group formed to promote the welfare of the industry as a whole, requiring members to sacrifice their individual interests for the common good. Orren Boyle has friends on the National Alliance of Railroads, and he gets them to support the Anti-dog-eat-dog Rule, which uses a string of pretenses to drive the Phoenix-Durango out of Colorado.

The National Alliance of Railroads is mentioned in sections 131, 145 and 146.

National Council of Metal Industries
An industry group that uses political pull to get its way. James Taggart has friends on the National Council of Metal Industries, and he gets them to support legislation that will hurt Rearden Steel and help Associated Steel.

The National Council of Metal Industries is mentioned in section 131.

Taggart Comet
The Taggart Comet is Taggart Transcontinental's flagship train. It runs from New York to San Francisco, and has never been late until the later part of the book, when the entire world is in the process of collapse. In the final chapter, Eddie Willers makes a futile last effort to get the Comet back on track, which ends with his being stranded in the middle of the desert with the broken-down train.

The Taggart Comet appears in sections 112, 113 and 152.

The future
See Bertram Scudder.

The Heart Is A Milkman
The Heart is a Milkman is a novel being written by Balph Eubank. It is about the central fact of human existence, frustration. Eubank says he will dedicate it to Lillian Rearden.

It is mentioned in section 161.

The Octopus
A newspaper editorial written by Bertram Scudder. It is anti-Rearden and is described as badly written, being merely a string of insults.

The Vulture Is Molting
A best-selling novel that captures the spirit of the times, The Vulture Is Molting is "A penetrating study of a businessman's greed. A fearless revelation of man's depravity." The book is mentioned in section 141 as one of the artifacts of popular culture that depresses Dagny Taggart with its baseness.

title: Atlas Shrugged/Things


text:
Talk:Control Systems/System Metrics

You totally forgot gain and phase margins, two of the most important metrics.

Hi it is stated in the Control Systems book that

"Proper Systems A proper system is a system where the degree of the denominator is larger than or equal to the degree of the numerator polynomial. A strictly proper system is a system where the degree of the denominator polynomial is larger then (but never equal to) the degree of the numerator polynomial.

It is important to note that only proper systems can be physically realized. In other words, a system that is not proper cannot be built. It makes no sense to spend alot of time designing and analyzing imaginary systems."

So depending on what is explained here the transfer function "s" or "s/1" which is equal to a diffentiator is an improper system. So does that mean that we can not phsically realize a differentiator?

I hope you can clarify this because I am also hesitant.

Regards,

title: Talk:Control Systems/System Metrics


text:
User talk:69.114.215.48

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 14:31, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:69.114.215.48


text:
User talk:125.20.39.114

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 14:35, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:125.20.39.114


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Wikiversity 2

Wikiversity
I'm proposing the deletion of all Wikiversity pages and their related pages on this project as having been transwiki to a more appropriate wiki. From what I understand 6 months to move everything was originally requested and 6 months ended on Feb 15th, 2007. One Wikiversity custodian (thats an admin for anyone unfamiliar with Wikiversity terminology), I talked to about it, is satisfied that everything of importance has been imported. --dark lama  03:48, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Comment - proceed with caution as it appears that some people are still contributing to the Wikiversity pages here, e.g. . Webaware talk 09:03, 30 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment - I do agree this should go (and having been saying so for sometime). However can we get Johnny's views on whether this is now OK - I know he had some dates a while back for this to become possible -- Herby  talk thyme 12:29, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment -- I wish we could have gotten the "scrapbook" concept off the ground for this kind of thing, since a lot of the old WV material can probably be incorporated into other books or made into "substantial" stubs for topics where there is no other textbook. A lot of it really is fodder for the dustbin though, and as far as people still contributing to WV materials here on wikibooks, they shouldn't be doing so, and perhaps we should come up with a template message to alert contributors about the new project. The only thing I'd ask is that people do a search on wikiversity before marking for delete, and if nothing along the lines of the topic already exists on wv, maybe leave me a not on my talk page so I can import it (Special:Import is enabled from Wikibooks, and I am an admin a Custodian there.-- SB_Johnny | talk 13:57, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment - A two phase transition process could be used. The first phase could involve speedy deleting all pages which haven't had any recent activity and minimizing the main Wikiverity page and include the usual impending doom notice on it. Also add impending doom notice to all pages which still have activity on it and try to notify the contributors. The second phase would involve deleting what remains of it after contributors have been notified and any wanted material has been imported to Wikiversity, merged into an existing book or turned into a more appropriate textbook. --dark [[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]] lama 14:17, 7 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Request: An attempt was made to mark Wikiversity pages when they were copied to Wikiversity. When the Wikiversity pages are deleted, if any additional Wikiversity pages are found that are not marked as having been moved to Wikiversity, please list them at v:Wikiversity:Import and give us a chance to import the pages before they are deleted. --JWSurf 16:06, 22 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep - Wikiversity is being linked by many external sites to wikibooks domain. Academic papers, like this one link here. What could be made is blanking the pages with a link to the new location. --Javier Carro 05:35, 1 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Comment. I just tried to import Wikiversity to v:Wikiversity:Wikiversity and learned that there is a bug in the page import function. Apparently the bug prevents all of the page history from being imported if the page has a long history of edits. I was told that it might be much later this year before the bug is fixed. Until we can capture the full history of the Wikiversity page at the Wikiversity website, please do not delete this one page. I agree with, Javier: rather than delete the Wikiversity page why not make it a soft redirect to another page such as www.wikiversity.org? --JWSurf 17:12, 10 May 2007 (UTC)
 * If I understand correctly, this isn't exactly a "bug", but rather an intended limit. I'd like to ask a bug request that allows re-import from "all versions later than...", so that multi-stage imports could be performed without overstressing the servers. I'm guessing they just want to avoid people trying to export/import extremely long-historied pages such as Main Page, which might have hundreds of thousands of edits. -- SB_Johnny | talk 10:10, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Comment - I would lean towards keeping at least the page Wikiversity. It seems to me that it shows that there is some historical significance of Wikiversity at Wikibooks, and also, if updated could allow for and encourage greater collaboration between the two projects. However, it does seem like more than one or two considerate and thoughtful pages on Wikiversity may not be in Wikibook's best interest. --Remi 05:53, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * How about renaming the main Wikiversity page to Wikiversity, and move these "historical" pages out of the main namespace? The discussion on the talk page of Talk:Wikiversity is very critical in terms of the history of Wikiversity, and the relationship between Wikiversity and Wikibook.  This seems to be a huge deal right now with some of the other language Wikibooks projects, where arguments seem to be going on to define this difference, and the full impact of Wikiversity hasn't been explored in as much depth as it has with en.wikiversity.  Certainly a major disclaimer/warning notice ought to be on the top of this page, letting people reading the page know it really is an historical page and not a current active part of Wikibooks.  I do agree that this page in particular perhaps ought to be saved here too for the reason that the links to user accounts (while many of the same users did create accounts on Wikiversity using the same name), would put the user names into the correct context.  Also, most of the links (especially on the talk page) are made in context with Wikibooks and not Wikiversity.  I see that some of the links have been changed to Wikiversity for content that was Wikiversity related, but the point still holds.  Similar historical pages about Wikibooks on Wikipedia still exist at Wikipedia.  --Rob Horning 17:50, 30 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Getting it out of the main namespace seems reasonable to me, especially considering the state of the current page. The page "Wikiversity" isn't exactly a book. --Remi 15:19, 2 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Comment - Ok, If I understand correctly, the consensus so far seems to be to keep the main page for "historical" reasons, delete everything that has been marked as having already been imported to Wikiversity, and than delete everything else once the Wikiversity custodians have imported everything else that might be wanted? --dark lama  12:23, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I think you're reading it about right there :). -- SB_Johnny | talk 13:30, 2 June 2007 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Reggy

Reggy
POV, original research. Webaware talk 03:09, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The author, User:Ohadaloni, has indicated on my talk page that he/she will review NPOV and original research policies. Webaware talk 04:02, 19 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete - This reads more like a blog than a textbook. --Jomegat 04:15, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete - Violates NPOV, OR. --17:00, 19 June 2007 (UTC) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Xixtas (talk • contribs).
 * Delete - clearly not a textbook Mike.lifeguard 00:40, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete The content of this so-called textbook is not textbook quality material. Fo that reason, this book should go.--Sir James Paul 12:05, 27 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete - not textbook material --Panic 15:09, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

title: Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Reggy


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Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Evolution Theory For Kids

Evolution Theory For Kids
More like Evolution Theory For Schizophrenics, this is more POV and original research from the author of Reggy and Jaccuse. Webaware talk 03:48, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The author, User:Ohadaloni, has indicated on my talk page that he/she will review NPOV and original research policies. Note also w:User:Ohadaloni, which appears to be the original source of this page. Webaware talk 04:02, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The author has now posted this on the book's talk page:
 * This textbook is locally abandoned
 * This textbook is now being developed at theora.com/msdb/etfk
 * A copy might see its way back to wikibooks once it reaches the level of accuracy desired by wikibooks guidelines
 * Webaware talk 13:00, 21 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete - More of the same. --Jomegat 04:15, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete - Not a book. A collection of personal musings, perhaps. Still, not appropriate for Wikibooks or Wikijunior. -- xixtas talk 17:00, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep - This page itself is not a textbook, but is instead a planning page for textbooks. Planning pages are valuable resources to any author, and so I don't think that we should delete these pages on sight. However, since we can't keep it in the main module namespace, we really should move it to User:Ohdaloni's user namespace instead. If the author intends to use these pages to write textbooks, we should encourage that (and simply correct the mistake of these pages being created in the wrong place). --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 18:43, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * move to userpage. ditto what whiteknight said. Hoogli 19:19, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Move to userpage. Agree with Whiteknight on this one. PurplePieman 23:18, 19 June 2007 (UTC)
 * If you guys want to move it, shouldn't it go on the book's talk page instead of in user space? --Jomegat 01:22, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Either place might be acceptable. Either way, it's acceptable as meta-content, even if it isnt acceptable as book content. I think the user-space is the better choice because it's personal notes, and not really intended as part of a discussion. I won't argue with it if people want to move it to the talk page instead. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 02:38, 20 June 2007 (UTC)
 * delete - ravings of a lunatic, or a really really bad attempt to plan a wikibook. I guess I'm not feeling charitable today. I suppose if it's actually going to be used as meta-content, then it could be moved to talk or user namespaces (although I don't think this looks like it will yield anything worthwhile) Mike.lifeguard 00:38, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete Like the other work from this user, this is not textbook material.--Sir James Paul 12:07, 27 June 2007 (UTC)
 * delete - I was going to vote keep, sharing Whiteknight view, but after reading a bit of the text I came to the conclusion that most of it doesn't make any sense or is even useful to be moved to another work. --Panic 15:06, 27 June 2007 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Diophantus~enwikibooks

Hello, welcome to Wikibooks!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! Mattb112885 (talk to me) 16:06, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Diophantus. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Diophantus~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:09, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:53, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Diophantus~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:24.115.93.96

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 16:09, 4 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:24.115.93.96


text:
Cookbook talk:Sauerkraut Pierogi Filling

Recipe name
Why is the title called "Pierogie"? The Polish spelling does not have the "e" at the end, and neither does the English prononciation. As a reference I am also citing the wikipedia article of Pierogi which is titled without the "e" at the end. Maybe its just a spelling mistake? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 74.122.4.148 (talk • contribs) 2007-07-05T04:31:28.

 * I'll fix that when I get around to fixing the article - its naming is poor at present, and it needs some copy editing. Webaware talk 00:07, 5 July 2007 (UTC)


text:
Using POSper

POSper is a point of sale application designed for touch screens. Supports ESC/POS ticket printers, customer displays and barcode scanners. It is multiuser and has a great backoffice with a product entry form, reports and charts.

Contents

 * Introduction
 * Installation guide
 * Equipment configuration
 * Quick tour
 * User guide
 * Administrator guide
 * Developer guide
 * Left Menu

title: Using POSper


text:
Using POSper/Introduction

POSper is a point of sale system for retail trade and restaurants. The new 'Coffeeshop Mode' supports businesses selling goods and serving tables at the same time. POSper is designed to operate with a touchscreen so that a keyboard and mouse are not required for normal operation. On the other hand, it is possible to interact fully with the application using a keyboard and mouse without the use of a touchscreen. The main application window is focused on the sales operation.

The restaurant management features includes a visual display of tables which includes a visual cue to indicate which tables are occupied or free. It is easy to set up this layout to correspond to the physical layout of the restaurant.

In 'coffeeshop mode' the user can easily switch between retail mode and restaurant mode.

POSper supports numerous devices, e.g. ESC/POS ticket printers like the popular Epson TM 88 series, customer displays like Epson DM-D110/210 and compatibles, barcode readers for fast article entry, scales, and card readers.

POSper is Java based and can run on any PC system independent of the operating system.

The heart of POSper is a relational database where all products and transactions are being stored. The POSper teams commitment to support open standards guarantees long term compatibility to other systems which may want to connect to POSper like ERP systems, backoffice applications, etc.

POSper takes advantage of Hibernate which allows to use any database supported by Hibernate like  MySql, PostGreSQL, Oracle, HSQLDB, and many others.

The system is fully internationalised and currently supports Spanish, English, German and Portuguese. Other languages can be added easily. If you want to contribute to translations please contact the POSper team.

For system security and accounting the system allows for the creation of multiple user accounts. Accounts are assigned roles in order to determine their capabilities. The default roles are:

 * Administrator
 * Manager
 * User
 * Guest

but roles can be altered and new roles can be defined. There are administration options to manage users, set passwords and configure other aspects of the application.

The system can fully be managed from the user interface provided the user has been granted the proper rights. There are management options to make closings, to manage products and to manage the organization of products into categories.

Of course there are reports and charts of products, closings and sales.

One of the most important strengths of POSper is its configurability. It can be adapted in many aspects like layout, features, discounts, taxes, reports, devices, and more.

title: Using POSper/Introduction


text:
Using POSper/Installation guide

Step 1. Install java
POSper is an application developed in java and to execute it you will need the java runtime enviroment from Sun Microsystems versions 1.6 or greater. To install the java runtime enviroment follow the instructions of the link http://java.com/en/download/index.jsp.

If you are going to use a serial or USB device like ticket printer or cash drawer you must in addition download RXTX 2.1.7 from http://rxtx.qbang.org. Other than mentioned in the RXTX install instructions the RXTX library for your system can be placed in the POSper install directory. This is a safe way to retain the RXTX library when you ugrade your Java version. The RXTXserial.jar file is already present in libs.

Step 2. Download and unpack POSper
Download the last version of the binary package of POSper from Sourceforge. Extract the files to an empty folder.

Step 3. Configure and run it!
Refer to the file readme.txt in the directory you've POSper extracted to. Follow the instructions.

When running POSper for the first time you will be asked a password that allows you to create a new database. This password is always 'setup' and cannot be changed. It exists only for safety reasons to avoid an existing database to be overwritten in case of database or network errors. Never enter this password when a database should already exist.

Setting up your Program in Windows
1. Once you have unzipped POSper into your folder, find the file called "posper.exe” (it will look like a gear in a program window). Right-Click on it and select “Create Shortcut”. Then drag that Short-cut onto your desktop.

2. The Short-cut that you just pasted onto your desktop is the icon that you double-click on to open your program. Before you go ahead and Double-click on it run the configuration program config.exe which allows you to choose another than the default HSQL database - see readme.txt.

3. Follow instructions in "Setting up your program : Common" below

Setting up your Program in Linux
0. These instructions assume you're using Nautilus.

1. Once you have unzipped POSper into your folder, find the file called "posper". It looks like a piece of paper with a grey gear on top.

2. Right click it and select "make link"

3. Drag 'n' drop this link to your desktop, which you can now doubleclick to run POSper. Before you go ahead and Double-click on it run the configuration program config.exe which allows you to choose another than the default HSQL database - see readme.txt.

4. Follow instructions in "Setting up your program : Common" below

Setting up your Program in Mac OS X
First make sure that you are running the latest version of Java. It can be obtained from the Apple Developer website.

0. Unzip the POSper folder into your Applications directory. Instructions in readme.txt that refer to Linux are also valid for MAC OS X.

1. To configure POSper, double clik on "config" and follow the instructions.

2. The next time you want to use POSper double-click on the file "posper" You can create a shortcut by dragging this file to your dock.

Database configuration
IMPORTANT: Before you proceed to the setup described in 'Setting up your Program : Common', you need to decide which database system to use and go through the configuration steps below.

POSper uses hibernate to store the application data including but not limited to products, sales, and users. Hibernate supports a wide variety of database systems such as HSQLDB, PostgreSQL, and MySQL.

It is strongly recommended to use a production grade database like PostgreSQL or MySQL for productive systems!

To configure the database go to the configuration panel in POSper or run the file "config.exe" in windows or "config" in linux.

The database configuration section is at the top in the "Database" section.

Driver library: Is the file provided by the database engine vendor that contains the JDBC driver that allows java programs to comunicate with the database.

Driver class: Is the java class name that implements the JDBC driver. This name is also defined by the database engine vendor.

URL: Is the connection string that uses JDBC to localize JDBC, the driver, and the database.

User: The name of the database user.

Password: The password of the database user.

HSQLDB
The default configuration of POSper uses HSQLDB for data storage. The HSQLDB library is distributed with the binary package of POSper and you do not have to worry about the database configuration if you want to use this database.

HSQLDB is a simple SQL relational database engine, potentially less efficient than other database engines.

PostgreSQL
To use POSper with PostgreSQL you must have a PostgreSQL server running and the JDBC driver for PostgreSQL. To download the server and the JDBC driver follow the link http://www.postgresql.org/download.html. After the database server is installed and running you have to create an empty database for POSper and a database user with privileges to connect to this database. For further assistance with this process, reference the PostgreSQL documentation.

The JDBC driver file for PostgreSQL is named "postgresql-.jdbc3.jar" and the class name is "org.postgresql.Driver".

An example of a database configuration using PostgreSQL as database engine is:

Driver library: postgresql-8.0.309.jdbc3.jar Driver class: org.postgresql.Driver URL: jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5432/posper User adrian Password: adrian

With these parameters a PostgreSQL database server is in localhost listening in the 5432 port and with an empty database called posper. The user adrian has privileges to connect to this database.

MYSQL
To use POSper with MySQL is very similar as PostgreSQL, you must have a MySQL server running and the MySQL Connector/J. To download the MySQL server and the MySQL Connector/J follow the link http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/. To install MySQL follow the link http://dev.mysql.com/doc/. After the database server is installed you must create an empty database for POSper and a database user with privileges to connect to this database. For further assistance with this process, reference the MySQL documentation.

It is recommended to download the MySQL Tools along with the MySQL Server. The tool MySQL Administrator is very helpful in creating an empty schema and setting up the users if you're not familiar with command line MySQL.

Note that Oracle has declared End Of Life for MySQL Tools and replaced them by MySQL WorkbBench. While WorkBench is a great program it lacks some features MySQLAdministrator had: scheduled backups and the ability to backup InnoDB databases in one transaction are only available in the commercial version (sad story).

The MySQL Connector/J package contains the JDBC driver that POSper needs to connect to the MySQL database server. The driver library file is named "mysql-connector-java--bin.jar" and the driver class name is "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver". To obtain this package, visit: http://www.mysql.com/products/connector/j/

Once you have downloaded MySQL Connector/J package, unzip the contents and place it in the same folder where POSper resides. For your convenience the connector mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar is already included in the POSper distribution and you can use it with MySQL 5.0 or greater.

An example of a database configuration using MySQL as database engine is:

Driver library: mysql-connector-java-5.0.8-bin.jar Driver class: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver URL: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/posper User: adrian Password: adrian

With these parameters a MySQL database server is in localhost listening on the 3306 port and with an empty database called posper. The user adrian must have privileges to connect to this database.

Setting up the mySQL Database for utf8 Code Tables

utf8 is used in many Arabic, Eastern and Asian environments.

So, if for instance, you want to input Chinese characters you need to reconfigure POSper and mySQL.

You can then input western characters and utf8 characters encodings into POSper :

Procedure (for LINUX sects) :

Database Setup and Configuration (before running Posper) :

 * Logon into your mySQL Query Browser and configure

CREATE DATABASE posperdb CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_bin;

then make use of the database :

USE posperdb;

don't forget to check whether this has been successful or not.

 * Lookup the mySQL configuration file my.conf, it's probably in /etc/mysql/

and edit my.conf, as root, the section after [mysqld]:

[mysqld]

default-character-set=utf8

 * In the POSper DATABASE configuration edit the url :

jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/posperdb?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8

Tested with POSper 1.0-851, Ubuntu 10.04 32 & 64 Bit Desktop, Java 1.6.0_22

Sources I have used and I found useful to read on :

 * http://wiki.openbravo.com/wiki/OpenbravoPOS_FAQ#Right-to-left_language_support_.28Arabic_and_Hebrew.29

 * http://confluence.atlassian.com/display/DOC/Configuring+Database+Character+Encoding

 * http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/en/sql-syntax-server-administration.html

Setting up your Program : Common
1. You'll see the splash screen with a status bar telling you each step of startup as it happens.

2. You will then see the Opening Screen for “POSper”. Now click on “Admin”.

3. You should now see your sales window. On the left side of the Screen are some menus for you to select from. Under “Administration”, click “Stock”, and then “Taxes”. By default, "no tax" and a sample tax of 5% are available.

4. If you need to add more taxes, click the new button (shows as a star on a piece of paper, third from the right). Then choose a unique id, name the tax, and pick a percent.

5. Once you are finished adding any taxes you need, click on the save button (the floppy disk, first button from the right).

6. Go back now under “Administration”, and click “Stock” again.

7. Now click the button that says “Categories.”

8. You will be brought to a screen very much like the Tax screen. Here is where you categorize your food items. Under “ID”, it always needs a number. I suggest making each category an increment of 100. So for example, I will type “100” in the “ID” and then under the “Category”, I will type in “Coke Cans”. Then the next, “200”, and “Little Debbies.” Figure out how you want to categorize your food items and then make your categories. You can also add pictures for each category. Make sure you save after each category.

9. After you have made all of your categories, you will need to type in your products. “Administration”, then “Stock”, then “Products”.

10. Once again, each item must have it’s own unique number. For instance, for “Mr. Pibb”, type in a Reference like 101, and for “Mello Yellow”, a Reference like 102.

11. For Buy price, try and figure out how much each individual item costs you, if you do not know, type in some number below what you are selling it at. Either way, you need to type in a number to make the program happy. (Ex. For Coke 20 oz bottles, a case of 24 costs $15.05. So I divide $15.05 by 24 and end up with .627, so I then type “.627” into the “Buy Price” (You can give it as many digits as you like, and it will figure it out).

12. For “Sell price”, enter the amount that you intend to sell the item at. So for Coke, that number would be “1.00”. Immediately it will fill in two of the boxes for you. Now Beside “Tax”, select the appropriate tax (for instance "no tax") and for “Category” select the category you wish for the item to be in for ex. “Coke Bottles”.

13. To save the product click the icon with the flower on it.

14. Repeat step 12 to 15 for each product you'd like to add.

15. Click "maintenance" and then "users" in the administration panel. Note that POSper provides 4 default users : "Guest", "Admin", "Manager" and "Employee" (each has permissions consistent with their name). You can delete these default users if you want to customize all four roles, or you can leave some or all of the defaults intact.

16. To add a new user, click the icon with the flower on it. Type in the name under “Name”, and then select their role. If you want the user to be active, make sure the visible checkbox is on. If it isn't, they won't show up in the login menu. Role provides permissions to the new user. A Guest is only able to make sales. An Employee can have a password and can perform sales, refunds, and payments. A manager is able to do all of this and also has access to reporting. An admin has access to all the functionality in the system.

17. Setup is now complete and the system is ready to go!

NOTE: Once you have followed all the steps above run POSper. It will now populate the database for you, and you're off and running.

title: Using POSper/Installation guide


text:
User:Arsharpe/drafts/berlingo service manual

=Disclaimer=

Information presented here is for guidance only. No responsibility is accepted by this website or its contributors for its accuracy or impact of using such information. If you are not confident, or feel that you cannot complete any work listed here safely, then seek professional advice.

=General Servicing=

Before doing any significant work on the Berlingo the high voltage and 12v battery should be isolated...

=Fault Finding=

A very slight (almost imperceptable) shudder can be felt around 5-10 mph while accelerating or decellerating.

It is important to not drive the vehicle for more than about 5 miles after the first shudder is felt. Continuing to drive for any distance other than obsolutely necessary could result in very expensive damage to the motor commutator. Left uncheck this will progress to juddering at low speed and eventually the van will completely stop after about 10 miles.

Arsharpe/drafts/berlingo_brushes

=Required Tools=
 * EvLite for battery watering.
 * Torx set ??

=Maximising Range=

Current Consumption
Each accessory draws a certain amount of current and, to a small extent, will therefore affect the maximum range of the vehicle.

Techniques
Because the energy lost from drag is not linear with speed, the slower a vehicle travels the less overal energy is used. This can affect the range by as much as ?? %.

Low Stress Driving Near Maximum Range
Driving upto the maximum range can be stressful experience. The following process will allow you to make good progress and automatically takes into account the affect of rain, slightly binding brakes, hills, etc and minimises the risk of not reaching your destination.

 * Determine the optimum maximum range prior to required trip.
 * Plan the trip
 * Monitor energy usage during the trip

Determining the Optimum Maximum Range
Prior to starting the actual long trip, if you have not already done so, determine the maximum range of your vehicle at the optimum conditions of slow speed and in dry conditions as follows:
 * Choose 3 representative circular routes of about 15, 5 and 2 miles
 * Start with a fully charged vehicle
 * Reset the odometer
 * Drive around the representative route several times at 35 mph to use up most of the charge.
 * Then drive around the successively smaller routes to use up most of the remainder without being stranded.


text:
User:Elementalish

You can find my main profile at Wikipedia.

title: User:Elementalish


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Arts and Crafts/Stamps (Australia)

11. Relate the theme presented in the stamps, by expressing in an essay of one hundred words how this theme affects your life.
Australia


text:
User talk:207.172.139.126

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
 * The use of a username of your choice
 * The ability to view all your contributions via a "My contributions" link
 * Your own user page
 * Your own talk page which, if you choose, also allows users to send you messages without knowing your e-mail address
 * The use of your own personal watchlist to which you can add articles that interest you
 * The ability to rename pages.
 * The ability to upload images
 * The ability to customize the appearance and behavior of the website
 * The eligibility to become an administrator
 * The right to be heard in votes and elections
 * Your IP address will no longer be visible to other users.

We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

-Mike.lifeguard 00:45, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:207.172.139.126


text:
User talk:129.97.84.207

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
 * The use of a username of your choice
 * The ability to view all your contributions via a "My contributions" link
 * Your own user page
 * Your own talk page which, if you choose, also allows users to send you messages without knowing your e-mail address
 * The use of your own personal watchlist to which you can add articles that interest you
 * The ability to rename pages.
 * The ability to upload images
 * The ability to customize the appearance and behavior of the website
 * The eligibility to become an administrator
 * The right to be heard in votes and elections
 * Your IP address will no longer be visible to other users.

We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

-Mike.lifeguard 00:48, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for your help with vandalism
Thanks for reverting deletion of How to solve the Rubik's Cube. If you're going to stick around and help out, we'd love to have you. It'd be a good idea to register an account (see above) if you're going to do that. -Mike.lifeguard 00:48, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:129.97.84.207


text:
User talk:155.99.1.97

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
 * The use of a username of your choice
 * The ability to view all your contributions via a "My contributions" link
 * Your own user page
 * Your own talk page which, if you choose, also allows users to send you messages without knowing your e-mail address
 * The use of your own personal watchlist to which you can add articles that interest you
 * The ability to rename pages.
 * The ability to upload images
 * The ability to customize the appearance and behavior of the website
 * The eligibility to become an administrator
 * The right to be heard in votes and elections
 * Your IP address will no longer be visible to other users.

We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

-Mike.lifeguard 00:50, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:155.99.1.97


text:
User talk:Maxcip

Hello, welcome to Wikibooks!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! -Mike.lifeguard 00:56, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Maxcip


text:
User talk:Elementalish

Hello, welcome to Wikibooks!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! -Mike.lifeguard 00:57, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Elementalish