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Wikijunior:Kings and Queens of England/The Anglo-Saxons

Our history of the kings of England starts with the Anglo-Saxons, at the beginning of the 9th century. Because it was so long ago, the dates, and even the years are uncertain. At this point in time, England, as you know it, doesn't exist yet. The land was divided into several small kingdoms, and the people who live there were called Anglo-Saxons.

It was during this time, around the year 830, that the Vikings realized that England was a very interesting country to loot and plunder. Between 830 and 865 they came by more and more often, much to the dismay of the people living there. In 865 these Vikings formed a "Great Army". While their previous raids were aimed at looting and plundering, the Great Army was sent to actually conquer England. They were surprisingly good at that - in only three years they had conquered northern and eastern England. Even in the west, one by one the small kingdoms fell until only one of them remained independent. It was the kingdom of Wessex.

It's here that we find Alfred the Great, the first of the Kings and Queens of England.

Alfred the Great (871-899)

Alfred the Great was born around 850 in Wantage, in what is now Oxfordshire. Alfred was the fourth son of King Ethelwulf of Wessex. He became king of the southern Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex in 871, when his brother Ethelred I died.

When the Danish Vikings had conquered most of England, they finally came to Wessex. Alfred had only just been crowned, and now had to face the invaders at his borders. During a fierce series of battles, he managed to drive them from Wessex. Defeated, the Vikings retreated. However, seven years later they returned in full force. In May of 878, Alfred had to confront his enemies once more, and crushingly defeated them near Edington in Wiltshire. This victory earned him the name "the Great", making him the only English monarch called by that name.

With the Danes defeated, the way was cleared to unite England. By building a system of fortifications, the kingdom of Wessex managed to expand its borders. Alfred encouraged education, being educated himself, and improved the kingdom's laws. Under his guidance, the kingdom began to prosper.

Public life
Very little is known about what Alfred did during the short reigns of his two eldest brothers, but when his third brother, Ethelred, became king in 866, Alfred became active in public life. In particular, he worked hard to free England from the influence of the Danes, and Alfred was appointed as Ethelred's successor.

In 868, Alfred tried unsuccessfully to relieve the central English kingdom of Mercia from Danish influence. For nearly two years after, though, the Danes did not attack Alfred's native Wessex. At the end of 870 this era of peace ended, and the next period of time became known as "Alfred's year of battles." The Kingdom of Wessex fought nine battles in 870 and 871, winning some, and losing others. In April of 871, Ethelred died, and Alfred became king. The Danes then defeated the English in a battle, whilst Alfred was away burying his brother, the old king. The English were then beaten again under Alfred's command in May.

After that Alfred agreed to a peace, and for the next five years the Danes were busy in other parts of England. But in 876, the Danes, under a new leader, Guthrum, attacked Wareham and then went on to Exeter. Here Alfred blockaded them, and after the Danes lost many ships in a storm, the Danes retreated to Mercia. Then, in January 878, they suddenly attacked Chippenham, where Alfred was. Alfred himself then retreated to Athelney in Somerset.

There is a story that whilst he was hiding in the marshes of Athelney, Alfred was given shelter by an elderly peasant woman who didn't recognise who he was. She left him to watch some cakes she had left cooking on the fire. Preoccupied with the problems of the kingdom and the war against the Vikings, Alfred uncaringly let the cakes burn, and the peasant woman complained and also beat him when she returned. When some of his knights returned and called him "Your Majesty", she realised who Alfred was, and she apologised, but Alfred insisted that he was the one who had to apologise. This story shows Alfred was not only a hero, but also a humble one, with mistakes and faults.

In the middle of May, Alfred and the Danes met at the Battle of Edington in Wiltshire, which Alfred won. England became split into two, the far south-western parts being controlled by the Saxons under King Alfred, and the rest of England, including London, being controlled by the Danes. This part became known as the Danelaw. By 879, the Danes had been forced out of Wessex and much of Mercia. For the next few years there was peace, partly because the Danes were kept busy in Europe. Then, after a Danish uprising in East Anglia, which Alfred put down, he went on to take London in 885 or 886. Then in 892 or 893, the Danes attacked England again, but were ultimately repelled in 896 or 897, with only those Danes with connections to England remaining in East Anglia and Northumberland.

Marriage and children
In 868 Alfred married Ealhswith, daughter of Aethelred Mucill, who was ealdorman of the Gaini, a people who lived in Lincolnshire around the town of Gainsborough. She was the granddaughter of a former king of Mercia, and they had five or six children, one of whom was Ethelfleda, who was later queen of Mercia.

Death and legacy
After the Danes retreated, Alfred turned his attention to the royal navy, and ships were built according to the king's own designs. This is not, as some say, the beginning of the English navy, although both the Royal Navy and the United States Navy claim Alfred as the founder of their naval traditions. Alfred probably died in 899, though the year is not certain. How he died is unknown. He was originally buried in the Old Minster, then moved to the New Minster, and finally moved to Hyde Abbey in the year 1110.

Edward the Elder (899-924)
Edward the Elder was king of England after Alfred. He reigned from 899 to his death in 924. Edward the Elder was Alfred's son.

Edward was born between 868 and 877. He married Ecgwynn around 893, and they had a son Athelstan and a daughter who married Sihtric, the Danish King of York. However, Ecgwynn's status was not royal enough, and so, when Edward became king in 899, he set Ecgwynn aside and married Elflaed, a daughter of the ealdorman of Wiltshire. Their son was the future king Ethelweard. They had six daughters and possibly a son, Eadwine, who drowned in 933. Two daughters became nuns and the rest married quite well. Eadgifu married Charles III, "The Simple", who was King of France. Eadhild married Hugh "The Great", Duke of Paris. Eadgyth married the Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I. Aelfgifu was a wife of Conrad, King of Burgundy.

Edward married for a third time, in about 919, to Eadgifu, the daughter of the ealdorman of Kent. They had three sons and two daughters. In total Edward had about fifteen children from his three marriages, and he may have had an illegitimate child too.

As king, Edward spent his early reign fighting his cousin Aethelwald, son of Ethelred I. He also got rid of the Danelaw. He died in 924 and was buried at Winchester.

Ethelweard (924)
Ethelweard was born in Wessex around the year 904. He did not have a long reign. According to one version of the Anglo-Saxon chronicle, Ethelweard was appointed king on 17 July 924 after the death of his father, Edward the Elder. He died sixteen days later on 2 August 924. Some claim that he was killed on the orders of his half-brother Athelstan, who became the next king. Ethelweard never married. He was buried at Winchester.

Athelstan (924-939)
Athelstan was born around the year 895 and became king, first of Mercia, in 924 and then of Wessex in 925. He was the son of King Edward the Elder. Political alliances were high on Athelstan's agenda. A year after becoming king, he had a sister married to Sihtric, the Viking King of York. Sihtric died a year later, and Athelstan took the chance to capture Northumbria. This was a bold move, and made him the king of a larger territory than any Anglo-Saxon king before him, roughly equivalent to modern England, except for Cornwall. The rulers of the territories neighbouring Athelstan's then appear to have submitted to him at Bamburgh. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle noted that these included " Hywel, King of the West Welsh [that is, the Cornish], and Constantine II, King of Scots, and Owain, King of the people of Gwent, and Ealdred...of Bamburgh". Owain, King of Strathclyde, may well also have been present. Similar events are recorded along the western parts of Athelstan's domain. Because his realm covered most of modern-day England, except for Cornwall, Athelstan is generally regarded as the first king of England. He achieved considerable military successes over his rivals, including the Vikings, and extended his rule to parts of Wales and Cornwall. Although he established many alliances through his family, Athelstan never married and had no children of his own. He fostered Hakon, who later became known as Hakon the Good, King of Norway. Athelstan was religious and gave generously to the Church. When he died in 939 at Gloucester he was buried at Malmesbury Abbey rather than with his family at Winchester. He was succeeded by his younger half-brother, King Edmund I.

Edmund the Magnificent (939-946)
Edmund I, otherwise known as Edmund the Magnificent or Edmund the Deed-Doer, was born in 921 in Wessex. He was a son of Edward the Elder and half-brother of Athelstan, and succeeded to the throne when Athelstan died on 27 October 939.

Shortly after his proclamation as king he had to face several military threats. King Olaf I [of Dublin] conquered Northumbria and invaded the Midlands. However, when Olaf died in 942, Edmund reconquered the Midlands, and he reconquered Northumberland in 944. In 945 Edmund conquered Strathclyde in Scotland, but gave up his rights to territory to King Malcolm I of Scotland in exchange for a treaty of mutual military support. This ensured that the northern borders were safe. Edmund's reign also saw a revival of monasteries in England.

Edmund was murdered on 26 May 946 by Leofa, an exiled thief. He had been having a party in Pucklechurch, when he spotted Leofa in the crowd. When Leofa refused to leave, the king and his advisers fought Leofa. Both Edmund and Leofa were killed. He was buried at Glastonbury. Edmund was succeeded as king by his brother Edred. Later, two of Edmund's sons became kings of England – Edwy and Edgar – who you can read about below.

Edred (946-955)

King Edred or Eadred was born in Wessex around the year 923 and became King of England in 946. He was a son of King Edward the Elder. Like both of his older brothers, Edred enjoyed military success over the Vikings. He was a religious man, but his health was poor and he could barely eat his food. He died on 23 November 955 at Frome in Somerset, and was buried at Winchester Cathedral. He never married, and was succeeded by his nephew, Edwy.

Edwy the Fair (955-959)
Edwy All-Fair or Eadwig was born in Wessex around the year 941 and became King of England in 955 when the nobility chose him to succeed his uncle, King Edred. Edwy was the eldest son of King Edmund I. His short reign was marked by disputes with his family; the Thanes, who were the king's retainers; and the Roman Catholic Church. Frustrated by the king's impositions, and supported by Odo, the Archibishop of Canterbury, the Thanes of Mercia and Northumbria switched their allegiance to Edwy's brother Edgar in 957. Edwy was defeated in battle at Gloucester, but rather than see the country descend into civil war, an agreement was reached among the nobles by which the kingdom would be divided along the Thanes, with Edwy keeping Wessex and Kent in the south and Edgar ruling in the north. In the few remaining years of his reign, Edwy was a better king and made significant gifts to the Church. He died, however, at the age of 18 or 19 on 1 October 959. He was married to Elgiva, but the marriage was annulled. Edwy was succeeded by his brother and rival, Edgar, who reunited the kingdom. He was buried at Winchester Cathedral.

Edgar the Peaceable (959-975)
King Edgar was born around the year 942 in Wessex. He was the younger son of King Edmund I. Because of his peaceful reign Edgar is known as "the Peaceable". He was a stronger king than his elder brother, Edwy, from whom he took the kingdoms of Northumbria and Mercia in 958. Edgar was named as King of England north of the Thames by a group of Mercian nobles in 958, but officially succeeded when Edwy died in October 959. Edgar was crowned at Bath, but not at the start of his reign. His coronation was in 973, and was planned as the culmination of his reign. The symbolic coronation was an important step, and six other kings of Britain, including the kings of Scotland and of Strathclyde, came and gave their allegiance to Edgar shortly afterwards at Chester. Edgar married twice, first to Ethelfled, and later to Elfrida. He had several children. When he died on 8 July 975 at Winchester he left two sons, both of whom became kings of England. His eldest son, Edward, by his first wife, succeeded him on his death, and a second son, called Ethelred, by his second wife, succeeded his half brother. Edgar was buried at Glastonbury Abbey. There is some belief that Edgar married his mistress, Wulfryth, in between his other two wives, and that she produced a daughter, Eadgyth, who became the Abbess at Wilton.

Edward the Martyr (975-978)
King Edward the Martyr was born around the year 962 in Wessex. He succeeded his father Edgar as King of England in 975, but was murdered after a reign of only a few years in 978. As the murder was attributed to "irreligious" opponents, whereas Edward himself was considered a good Christian, he was made a Saint, Saint Edward the Martyr, in 1001. He never married.

Edward's kingship was contested by a group of nobles led by his stepmother, Queen Elfrida, who wanted the king to be her infant son, Ethelred, who later became king and is now known as Ethelred the Unready. Edward, however, had more support, and was confirmed king by the council of nobles known as the Witan.

At the time a great famine was raging through the land and violent attacks were stirred up against monasteries by noblemen who were looking to get and keep control of the lands which Edward's father King Edgar had given to them. Many of these monasteries were destroyed, and the monks forced to flee, but the king stood firm with archbishop Dunstan in defence of the Church and the monasteries. Because of this, some of the nobles decided to remove him and replace him with Ethelred.

Death and legacy
On 18 March 978 the king was hunting with dogs and horsemen near Wareham in Dorset. During this trip the king decided to visit Ethelred who was being brought up in the house of his mother Elfrida at Corfe Castle nearby. King Edward went alone. Whilst still on his horse in the lower part of the castle, his stepmother, Elfrida, offered Edward a glass of mead, and while he was drinking it, he was stabbed in the back by one of the queen's party. Ethelred himself was then only ten years old, so was not involved in the murder. An alternative account claims that Elfrida herself committed the murder.

Immediately following the murder, the body of the murdered king slipped from the saddle of his horse and was dragged with one foot in the stirrup until it fell into a stream at the base of the hill on which Corfe Castle stands. The stream was later found to have healing properties, particularly for the blind. The queen then ordered the body to be hidden in a nearby hut. A woman who was blind from birth lived in the hut. During the night, she suddenly received her sight. The church of St Edward at Corfe Castle now stands on the site of this miracle. At dawn the queen ordered King Edward's burial in a marshy place near Wareham. A year after the murder however, a pillar of fire was seen over the place where the body was hidden, lighting up the whole area. This was seen by some of the inhabitants of Wareham, who raised the body. Immediately a clear spring of healing water sprang up in that place. Accompanied by what was now a huge crowd of mourners, the body was taken to the church of the Most Holy Mother of God in Wareham and buried at the east end of the church. This took place on 13 February 980. Other miracles also became attributed to King Edward.

Edward was officially made a saint by the All-English Council of 1008, presided over by the Archbishop of Canterbury. King Ethelred ordered that the saint's three feast days should be celebrated throughout England. Shaftesbury Abbey was rededicated to the Mother of God and St Edward. Shaftesbury was renamed "Edwardstowe" only reverting to its original name after the Reformation of the Monasteries under the reign of King Henry VIII many centuries later. Many miracles were recorded at the tomb of St Edward including the healing of lepers and the blind.

During the sixteenth century, St. Edward's remains were hidden so as to avoid desecration during the Reformation. In 1931, they were discovered. They were later placed in a church in Brookwood Cemetery, in Woking, Surrey. The church is now named St Edward the Martyr Orthodox Church.

Ethelred the Unready (978-1013, 1014-1016)

Ethelred the Unready was born around the year 968 in Wessex and died in 1016. He was King of England between 978 and 1013, and then again between 1014 and 1016. He is also known as King Ethelred II. His nickname "The Unready" does not mean that he was ill-prepared, but comes from the Anglo-Saxon unræd meaning "without counsel" or "indecisive". This could also be interpreted as a pun on his name, Æðelræd, which may be understood to mean "noble counsel". Ethelred became king when he was aged about 10 after the death of his father, King Edgar, and the murder of his half-brother King Edward.

Conflict with the Danes
England had experienced a long period of peace after the reconquest of the Danelaw. However in 991 Ethelred was faced with a Viking fleet larger than any since Guthrum's a century earlier. This fleet was led by Olaf Trygvasson, a Norwegian with ambitions to reclaim his country from Danish domination. After initial military setbacks, Ethelred was able to agree to terms with Olaf, who returned to Norway to try to gain his kingdom with mixed success. While this agreement won him some time, England soon faced further Viking raids. Ethelred fought these off, but in many cases followed the practice of earlier kings, including Alfred the Great, in buying them off by payment of what was to become known as Danegeld. However, on 13 November 1012, Ethelred ordered the massacre of the Danes living in England. This drew an angry response which led to Sweyn Haraldsson leading a series of determined campaigns to conquer England. He succeeded in this, deposing Ethelred, who fled to Normandy, where he sought the protection of his brother-in-law, Robert of Normandy. However, Sweyn died shortly afterwards, and in February 1014, Ethelred returned as king.

Marriage and children
Ethelred's first marriage was to Ælflaed, daughter of Thored, the ealdorman of Northumbria; she was the mother of four sons, including Edmund Ironside (later King Edmund II). In 997, he married Ælfgifu, daughter of ealdorman Aethelberht, who gave him two sons. His third and final marriage, in 1002, was to Emma of Normandy, whose grandnephew, William I of England, would later use this relationship as the basis of his claim on the throne.

Death and legacy
Ethelred died on 23 April 1016, in London, where he was buried. He was succeeded by his son, Edmund Ironside. Despite the steady stream of Viking attacks, Ethelred's reign was far from the disaster described by chroniclers writing well after the event. Ethelred introduced major reforms to the machinery of government in Anglo-Saxon England, and is responsible for the introduction of Sheriffs. The quality of the coinage, always a good indicator of the prevailing economic conditions, remained very high during his reign.

Edmund Ironside (1016)

Edmund II was born sometime between 988 and 993. He was king of England from 23 April 1016 until his death later that year on 30 November. He was nicknamed "Ironside" for his efforts to fend off the Danish invasion led by King Canute. After the death of Ethelred the Unready, although he succeeded to the throne, Edmund had little support from the London nobility, whilst Canute enjoyed greater support, particularly from the Southampton nobility.

When Edmund recovered Wessex from Canute's previous invasion in 1015, Canute responded by laying siege to London, a siege won by Edmund. Despite the victory, conflict continued until Edmund was defeated on 18 October by Canute at Ashingdon in Essex. After the battle the two kings negotiated a peace in which Edmund kept Wessex while Canute held the lands north of the River Thames. In addition, they agreed that when one of them died, their kingdom would be ceded to the one still alive. On 30 November 1016, King Edmund II died of natural causes, either in Oxford or London. His kingdom was therefore ceded to Canute who then became king of England. Edmund was buried at Glastonbury Abbey in Somerset. Edmund's two children by his wife Ældgyth, Edward and Edmund, both escaped to Hungary.


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Vedic Mathematics/Useful links

Here is a list of some useful links on Vedic Maths:

 * Vedic Mathematics: A new edition (1992) of the book that started it all (originally printed in 1965) on Google Books.
 * Free Training on Vedic Mathematics and Tutorials on Vedic Maths
 * Slide Shows and Video Tutorials on Vedic Maths
 * Downloadable and physical e-book on Vedic Math by Vali Nasser
 * link title
 * PowerPoint Slides on Vedic Maths.
 * A Vedic Maths Tutorial.
 * Vedic Mathematics Academy.
 * Nuggets from Vedic Mathematics.
 * Learn to multiply up to 19 X 19 in an hour with this free tutorial Enjoy!.
 * Research book on Vedic math to gain insight in speed math, Trachtenberg system &Vedic system.Enjoy!.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Vedic Mathematics/Useful links


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A-level Mathematics/Advanced/Advanced Statistics

Two complementary wikibooks are targeted to Statistics:
 * The Handbook of Descriptive Statistics;
 * Statistics.


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Cookbook:Kebab

Kebab (Turkish: kebap) means "grilled meat", originally from Persia. There are two types of kebab:
 * Döner kebab is a type of kebab, preparation method and associated dishes brought by Turkish immigrants into Berlin. Made from lamb (or beef in some areas) and sliced into thin slices and often served with pita and salad. Nowadays popular in Australia and many European countries, including Germany, the United Kingdom and Ireland, Finland, and Scandinavia.
 * Shish kebab is an older variation, was eaten as long ago as in ancient Persia, is kebab (mostly fish and livestock meat) prepared on sticks (skewers). Popular and the most consumed fast-food in Iran.

title: Cookbook:Kebab


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Cookbook:Döner Kebab

| Meat recipes

Döner kebab (döner kebap in Turkish) literally means "rotating grilled meat" (any type of meat applies). They were first developed in Bursa. Authentic Turkish döner is made with bread, salad and meat from lamb; regardless, mostly beef or a mix of beef and lamb is used in Europe. Although frozen kebab is available at convenience stores, they don't match fresh home-made kebab and may not be consistent with your taste and spicing. This article has the recipe for a complete European-style pita kebab. In Azerbaijani it is pronounced as dönər.

Meat

 * 2 kg (4½ lb) ground beef or other minced meat
 * 11–12 tsp chicken salt/season salt
 * 6 tsp black pepper (amount depends on taste preference)

Iskender-style dressing

 * 2–3 dl (⅘–1¼ cups) plain yogurt
 * 1–3 cloves garlic, chopped
 * 1 pinch salt
 * 1 tsp basil
 * 1–1½ tsp black and/or white pepper
 * Green-, lemon-, or red pepper (optional)
 * Chile pepper or powder (optional)
 * Cayenne pepper (optional)
 * Tabasco sauce (optional)

Tomato sauce dressing

 * 1 can (70 g / 2½ oz) tomato purée
 * ½–1 tsp salt
 * ½–1½ tsp white pepper
 * ½–1½ tsp black pepper
 * 1 tsp basil
 * 1 pinch oregano
 * Ketchup (amount depends on preference)

Serving

 * Pita bread
 * Salad (see notes)
 * Rice
 * Chips/French fries

Meat

 * 1) Mix all the ingredients into a farce-like chunk.
 * 2) Use a mixer or your hands to get air out of the chunk.
 * 3) Optionally, make a hole in the chunk with a knife so that excess fat can drain out.
 * 4) Wrap it tightly in aluminium foil, using more than 2 layers of foil to prevent rupture.
 * 5) Put it into the oven and set the temperature to 100 °C (210 °F). Let it cook for 4 hours. Note that 4 hours applies even if you scale down the recipe. Let's say, if you want a 1 kg chunk (half of the original portion), you should NOT leave it for 2 hours; 4 hours apply for every size. The idea is that it gets cooked slowly.
 * 6) When it is done, remove it from the oven, open the foil, and let it cool down. If you did everything correctly, you should be able to use a shredder or a knife to cut it in thin slices.

Sauce

 * 1) Combine all the ingredients for the sauce(s) you are making.
 * 2) Mix well.

Serving
There are several ways and styles to serve döner. Here are a few:
 * Sandwich-style: Slice the pita bread from the middle, then layer the salad, kebab, and dressings like you would do with a hamburger.
 * Reel-kebab: The roll wrap for a reel-kebab can be done using the same technique as for burritos (using pita bread).
 * Kebab pizza: Simply prepare a pizza and top it with kebab.
 * Kebab with rice: Fill roughly over a half of a plate with kebab, and the rest with cooked rice. Dress with ketchup or any of the sauce recipes mentioned in this article.
 * Kebab with chips: Same as kebab with rice except that the rice has been replaced by chips (a.k.a French fries).

Notes, tips, and variations

 * If you want, you can add other spices to the meat like chili, cayenne, garlic, BBQ sauces, etc.
 * A salad consisting of tomatoes, pickles, cucumbers, and Chinese cabbage with mayonnaise is probably the most common salad eaten with kebab in Europe. There are tons of variations, of course. If you want a healthy choice, make sure you balance the cereals class (pita), meat class (kebab), and vegetable class (salad) well! You can also add chile peppers, jalapeño, red onions and such for the salad to fit your taste!

title: Cookbook:Döner Kebab


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User talk:Joystick Game

Redirects
Can you stop making nonsense redirects like Contens? And stop blanking part of Blender 3D: Tutorial Links List. --Derbeth talk 12:45, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * If you once again vandalise page by moving or link spam, I will block you without any further warnings. --Derbeth talk 12:51, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I blocked you for one week. If you think about yourself and decide you want to serious contributions, come back after that time. --Derbeth talk 13:08, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Joystick Game
This page was simply a copy+paste of another page that had already been deleted. Reproducing material that has been deleted is against policy, and this new page has been deleted. I see also that you have had other problems in the past with following policy here. If you continue to do things the way you have been, you will be blocked indefinately. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 14:43, 30 October 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joystick Game


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Georgia Water/Best Practices/Conservation/Leaks

Measuring Water Losses

 * Computer models to assess water loss
 * Metering flows, by zone
 * Recording systems

Pressure Management

 * Pressure vs leakage relationships
 * Economics of pressure management

Upgrading the Water Distribution System

 * Leak detection and location
 * Repair methods
 * Rehabilitation methods

Operations and Staffing

 * Staffing needs and qualifications
 * Education and training


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User talk:Vkniranjan~enwikibooks

Copyright problem with Image:Rampage.jpg
--Derbeth talk 18:21, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Vkniranjan. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Vkniranjan~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:50, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:38, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vkniranjan~enwikibooks


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User talk:Davidh

Image:TreeDiagram.png
Why have you tagged this image as fair use? --Derbeth talk 18:37, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Copyright problem with Image:Tree.PNG
Derbeth talk 10:45, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Davidh


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User:Stbalbach~enwikibooks

See also my main user account at Wikipedia: Stbalbach

title: User:Stbalbach~enwikibooks


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User:Wilcley~enwikibooks

This is me trying to learn the details of editing Wiki:

title: User:Wilcley~enwikibooks


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Orthopaedic Surgery/Principles of Fractures

New trends in fracture care follow from new understanding about the biology of the fracture callus. The goal of anatomic restoration of the articular surface and early motion following fracture stabilization remains a priority.


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Orthopaedic Surgery/Bone Injury and Repair

Present day understanding of fracture healing has resulted in new approaches to fracture stabilization employing indirect reduction techniques and implant designs toward the goal of avoiding detrimental impact on the biology of the fracture hematoma. Intra-medullary rods and locking plates provide fixation for diaphyseal fractures without direct exposure of the fracture site. The goal is to restore length, correct angulation and malrotation and provide sufficient stability to enable early motion. Rigid fixation and anatomic reapproximation are no longer pursued when this can be expected to compromise the blood supply and soft tissue envelope of the fracture. Anatomic restoration of intra-articular fractures remains a priority, arthroscopic, computer navigation and fluoroscopic techniques continue to be developed to enable this to be accomplished in a less invasive fashion.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14753151

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=15517851

Damage to the microstructure of the skeleton occurs on a daily basis. Through the processes of remodeling the living skeleton of all large land based vertebrates is able to adapt to specific kinds of stress and repair fatigue failure of the microstructure occurring as a result of daily activity. From an evolutionary standpoint this is metabolically efficient as it enables a less robust skeleton be maintained to meet the needs of the organism. A lighter frame allows for lower energy demands for locomotion.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=14565590

Consider a woman in east Africa who survives by preparing rice on a daily basis which she sells earning enough to have rice to eat and to buy rice for the next day. She must walk several miles to get water for cooking the rice, several more miles to gather firewood and several more to buy more rice. Her most valued possession is the aluminum pot in which she cooks the rice. The availability of plastic jugs has facilitated the process by allowing children to efficiently fetch water.

The demands on the skeleton for survival in this way are significantly greater than what is required to survive in modern society. Technology (the plastic jug) and collective enterprise (children with the help of the light weight jugs) enable productivity sufficient for survival with a lower net demand on the skeleton.

It is in this environment that we have evolved. Life in modern society in which the technology and collective existence has lead to a diminished role for the skeleton day to day, has also lead to an increased longevity.

The problems we encounter clinically therefore relate to the lack of daily triggers to skeletal remodeling and the long run result of skeletal insufficiency as we approach the limit of our longevity especially for women whose skeletal mass is smaller to begin with.

Osteocytes are the most abundant bone cell. They descend from osteoblasts and remain connected within the bone matrix by gap junctions within their canalicular network. Originally proposed by Frost in 1964 they are considered to have a mechanosensory role and thereby play an important role in functional adaptation


text:
User talk:Craignewland

Blank pages
I noticed that you are erasing pages. You made three blank pages: Orthopaedic Surgery:Fractures and Dislocations:Principles of Fractures, Orthopaedic Surgery:Fractures and Dislocations:Upper Arm and Elbow, and Orthopaedic Surgery:Introduction.

Do you want to delete the pages, or were you trying to move them? --Kernigh 03:36, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Craignewland


text:
Greek Mythology/Gods/Hades

Hades ("unseen"), the god of the underworld, was the oldest son of the Titans Cronos and Rhea. He had three older sisters, Hestia, Demeter, and Hera, as well as two younger brothers, Poseidon and Zeus. After the Olympian gods, led by Zeus, overthrew the Titans, the three brothers drew lots to determine where each would rule. Zeus got the sky, Poseidon got the seas, and Hades received the underworld, the unseen realm to which the dead go upon leaving the world.

Hades ruled the House of the Dead, also called Hades. Besides Heracles, the only other living persons who ventured to the Underworld were all heroes: Odysseus, Aeneas (accompanied by the Sibyl), Orpheus, and Theseus.

He is married to Persephone, daughter of Demeter, who spends half of each year in the underworld and half in the upper world. Some depictions of Hades say that he tricked her, by offering her pomegranate seeds from one of the trees of his realm. By doing this she would be trapped to Hades forever as no man may have food from the underworld and then leave. Though a detail he may have forgotten was how the other gods would react. It is said that many other gods were angered by this and so it was agreed upon that Persephone would stay in the underworld for half the year while being let out for the rest of the year. While she is in the underworld her mother (Demeter) mourns her giving earth winter.

Misconceptions
Contemporary depictions of Hades sometimes depict him as an evil god. His actual depiction in Greek myth is much more nuanced.

title: Greek Mythology/Gods/Hades


text:
Cookbook:Bran Muffins

| Bread | Breakfast Recipes

A delicious bran muffin recipe that makes an excellent breakfast.

Ingredients

 * 1 cup (240 ml) natural wheat bran
 * ¾ cup (180 ml) cultured buttermilk
 * 1 egg
 * 2 tablespoons margarine
 * 1 cup (240 ml) all-purpose flour
 * 1 teaspoon baking powder
 * ½ teaspoon baking soda
 * ½ teaspoon salt
 * ½ cup (120 ml) brown sugar

Equipment

 * Mixing bowl
 * Muffin cups, greased or lined
 * Measuring cup
 * Oven

Procedure

 * 1) Stir wheat bran and buttermilk together in a mixing bowl.
 * 2) Cream together egg, brown sugar and margarine in another mixing bowl.
 * 3) Combine remaining ingredients in a third bowl. Add to batter, and stir just to moisten.
 * 4) Fill muffin cups ¾ full.
 * 5) Bake at 400°F (200°C) for 15 to 20 minutes.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * For bran raisin muffins, add 1 cup raisins.
 * If you do not want to buy store-bought cultured buttermilk, you can make your own by adding 1 tablespoon lemon juice or vinegar to 1 cup of milk. Let it sit for five minutes before using.
 * Tastes best when still warm.

title: Cookbook:Bran Muffins


text:
Cookbook:Oatmeal Muffins

| Bread |Breakfast

A delicious muffin recipe that makes an excellent breakfast.

Ingredients

 * 1 cup (240 ml) rolled oats
 * 1 cup (240 ml) cultured buttermilk
 * 1 egg
 * ¼ cup (60 ml) margarine
 * 1 cup (240 ml) all-purpose flour
 * 1 teaspoon baking powder
 * ½ teaspoon baking soda
 * ¼ teaspoon salt
 * ¾ cup (180 ml) brown sugar
 * ¼ cup (60 ml) coconut

Procedure

 * 1) Stir rolled oats and buttermilk together in a mixing bowl.
 * 2) Combine flour, coconut, brown sugar, baking powder, baking soda, and salt in another mixing bowl. Stir together to mix. Make a well in the center.
 * 3) Add egg and margarine to oat mixture. Mix well.
 * 4) Pour all at once into flour mixture. Stir just to moisten.
 * 5) Fill muffin cups ¾ full.
 * 6) Bake at 400°F (200°C) for 15–20 minutes.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Oatmeal raisin muffins: Add ½ cup (120 ml) raisins.
 * Blueberry oat muffins: Omit coconut and fold in 1 cup (240 ml) frozen blueberries before filling muffin cups.

title: Cookbook:Oatmeal Muffins


text:
Wikibooks:Health science bookshelf

The health science Wikibooks are still being developed. Some books are being expanded almost daily by expert authors, others are not yet being written. Pages where nothing has been written yet contain external links to relevant (and preferably non-commercial) websites.

The books on Radiation Oncology and Emergency Medicine are in a more advanced stage of development.

Pages marked as [DEV] are under development and do not yet contain (sufficient) useful material. Books which are currently online or being written are marked as [ACT]. Note: Please change [DEV] and [ACT]] to development stages.

For discussion about this page or section, please use the 'discussion' option (above).

Basic Medical Sciences

 * Anatomy
 * Biochemistry
 * Consciousness studies
 * Genetics
 * Histology
 * Human Anatomy
 * Human physiology
 * Human physiology (Wikipedia link-book)
 * Microbiology
 * Molecular Biology
 * Neuroscience
 * Pathology
 * Pharmacology
 * Corposcindosis (Split Body Syndrome) The Effects of Thoracic Sympathectomy in Humans

Dentistry

 * Dental Case Files

Medicine

 * Emergency Medicine [ACT]
 * Guide to Clinical Examination
 * Hepatology [DEV]
 * Immunology [DEV]
 * Introduction to Dermatolgy
 * Radiation Oncology [ACT]
 * Pediatrics [DEV]
 * Psychiatry [DEV]
 * Radiology [DEV]
 * Basic Physics of Nuclear Medicine
 * Diagnostic Radiology
 * Online Osirix Documentation
 * Speech-Language Pathology [DEV]
 * Clinical Anaesthesia
 * Patient Handouts

Allied health professions

 * Physiotherapy Assessment

Surgery

 * General Surgery [ACT]
 * Neurology and Neurosurgery
 * Orthopaedics [DEV]
 * Manual of Surgery
 * The Ossicle - Otolaryngology Review
 * Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery
 * Corposcindosis - (Split Body Syndrome) The Effects of Thoracic Sympathectomy in Humans

Alternative Medicine

 * Ayurveda
 * Traditional Chinese Medicine
 * Ethnomedicine
 * Homeopathy

Books for Medical Students

 * Gamsat Guide
 * Guide to Clinical Examination
 * Test Prep for USMLE Step 1
 * Test Prep for USMLE Step 2

Miscellaneous Books

 * Back Pain Self-Help Guide on Back Pain, written by patients
 * Blepharitis FAQ
 * Body Piercing
 * Field Remedies
 * Food science
 * Genital Self Examination
 * Nutrition
 * Occupational Health
 * Pharmacy
 * Rosacea
 * Veterinary Medicine
 * Sexual Health

Related Books

 * Computational Biology
 * Jehovah's Witness Informed Consent
 * Demystifying Depression
 * First Aid
 * General Biology
 * Handbook of Genetic Counseling
 * Health Informatics
 * Home Remedies
 * How To Search/PubMed
 * Introduction to medical statistics
 * Organic Chemistry
 * Stuttering
 * Stuttering Therapy
 * What You Should Know About Medicines

de:Regal:Medizin

title: Wikibooks:Health science bookshelf


text:
Category talk:Book:Japanese/meta

I guess "Category:Japanese maintenance" or construction or like is more suitable than current "Category:Japanese meta". Because this category just intends to contain non-content pages and this means that "meta" here is not in the sense of metawikimedia... or maybe I'm wrong. - Marsian 12:12, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Meta seems clear to me since the Japanese meta category includes pages that contain information about pages that are about Japanese. But if it conflicts with some other usage of the word meta, go ahead and change it. -ToothingLummox 08:16, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi. Thanks for your explanation. It seems category renaming isn't needed at the moment. I think I was too anxious. - marsian 09:49, 26 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Book:Japanese/meta


text:
Template:Health science bookshelf

Health Science B iology  —Human Physiology —P re -C linical M edicine (Basic Sciences) —Medical Physiology —Biochemistry —Neuroscience Immunology —Pharmacology —USMLE Step 1 —C linical M edicine  —Surgery —Orthopaedics —Emergency Medicine —Radiation Oncology —Diagnostic Radiology Speech —A Textbook of Community Medicine —Osirix —USMLE Step 2 —G eneral M edical I nterest  —First Aid —Depression —Genetic Counselling —Jehovah's Witness Informed Consent —Computational Biology —Stuttering —Home Remedies —Consciousness studies —P re -M edical S ubjects  —General Biology —Organic Chemistry General Chemistry All Health science books...
 * See also Wikiversity School of Medicine
 * See also Wikiversity School of Pharmacy

title: Template:Health science bookshelf


text:
User:Vildricianus

Hullo.

Wiktionary is mine abode.

title: User:Vildricianus


text:
XML - Managing Data Exchange/XPath/Exercises

XPath Chapter => XPath

XPath Answers => Answers

Below are exercises you can do to hone in on your XPath skills. Use the tree.xml file and xsl-tree.xsl to do the following:

XPath Tree Example
Modify and copy the xsl-tree.xsl file and rename the copies, indicating the question number.

 * Print the name attribute of every bigBranch element with thickness set as ‘thick’.
 * Print the name of the parent of each bigBranch.
 * Print the color of all leaves with a color attribute.

XPath Chapter => XPath

XPath Answers => Answers


text:
Lojban/Numbers

The numbers zero to nine in Lojban:

 * 0=no
 * 1=pa
 * 2=re
 * 3=ci
 * 4=vo
 * 5=mu
 * 6=xa
 * 7=ze
 * 8=bi
 * 9=so

The hexadecimal numbers from A to F:

 * A=dau
 * B=fei
 * C=gai
 * D=jau
 * E=rei
 * F=vai

Numbers 10 to 999 are constructed by combining these digits without spaces: pano is 10, vore is 42, binoso is 809, and so on.

Numbers 1000 onward may have a comma or period in them. This too is represented in Lojban, as ki'o, which is used with spaces. Thus 7530 may be ze ki'o mucino instead of zemucino.

When there is a three-zero sequence (000) after the comma, ki'o may be used to represent it preceded by the comma. Thus 1000 may be pa ki'o intead of panonono. This is also used to construct larger sequences, such as ki'o ki'o (million) ki'o ki'o ki'o (billion) and so on.

Decimals are handled with pi, which is quite simply a decimal point in the form of a word. cipivo is 3.4, sopixa is 9.6, etc.
 * pi is actually a unit point. Therefore, if one is working with the hexadecimal system when pi is used, it is a hexadecimal point.

The constant Pi (about: 3.14159), is expressed in Lojban as pai.

To use numbers as sumti, the article li is used. So li muvozeci is "the number 5473." To say more than one number without them combining to one number, insert li before each one. so bi ze is 987, whereas li so li bi li ze is "nine, eight, seven."

title: Lojban/Numbers


text:
Mac OS X Tiger/Appendix C

=Introduction= Since Apple's current CEO Steve Jobs took control of the company in 1997, Apple has made just a few "families" of Macintosh computers at any given time. These families are "revised" every so often, with new features added and prices reduced. Occasionally, families are added, removed or replaced.

This appendix provides a quick look at all recent Mac models that use G4, G5, or Intel Core chips. It's not intended to be a comprehensive guide, but sums up what each model and revision is capable of.

A very useful reference application for all Mac models and other Apple Hardware is MacTracker, available free at http://www.mactracker.ca/.

=Families=

iMac
The iMac was first released on August 15, 1998 with a G3 PowerPC processor, and a CRT display. The current revision, introduced in September 2006, uses an Intel Core 2 Duo processor and comes with either a 17", 20", or 24" LCD display.

Technical Specifications

 * 17", 20",or 24" Widescreen LCD display at resolutions of 1440x900 or 1680x1050 respectively
 * 1.83GHz or 2.0GHz, with 2MB shared L2 cache, Intel Core 2 Duo CPU
 * 512MB (single SO-DIMM) 667MHz DDR2 SDRAM
 * 160GB or 250GB SATA Hard Drive
 * Slot-loading 8x Dual-Layer DVD-RW 'Super Drive'
 * PCI-Expressed based ATI Radeon X1600 Graphics Card with 126MB or 256MB GDDR3 memory
 * Included Airport and Bluetooth Capabilities
 * Built-in iSight Camera

MacBook
The MacBook is the consumer level laptop replacing the previous iBook Line. It was announced on May 16, 2006.

Technical Specifications
 * 13.3" Glossy Widescreen LCD display with a native resolution of 1280x800
 * 1.83GHz or 2.0GHz, with 2MB shared L2 cache, Intel Core 2 Duo CPU
 * 512MB (single SO-DIMM) 667MHz DDR2 SDRAM
 * 80GB SATA Hard Drive
 * Slot-loading 8x/24x DVD-ROM/CD-RW 'Combo Drive'
 * Intel GMA 950 graphics processor with 64MB shared memory
 * Included Airport and Bluetooth Capabilities
 * Built-in iSight Camera

MacBook Pro
The MacBook Pro was the professional level laptop replacing the discontinued PowerBook line. The 15.4" model was announced at the Macworld Expo in San Francisco on January 10, 2006, and a 17" version was released on May 16, 2006.

Technical Specifications
 * 15.4" or 17" Widescreen LCD display with respective native resolutions of 1440 × 900 and 1680 × 1050
 * 2.0GHz, 2.16GHz or 2.33GHz, with 2MB shared L2 cache, Intel Core 2 Duo CPU
 * 1GB (single SO-DIMM) 667MHz DDR2 SDRAM
 * 80GB SATA Hard Drive
 * Slot-loading 8x Dual-Layer DVD-RW 'Super Drive' (4x Write speed and support for only Single-Layer write and Double-Layer read on 15.4" Model)
 * PCI-Expressed based ATI Mobility Radeon X1600 Graphics Card with 126MB or 256MB GDDR3 memory
 * Included Airport and Bluetooth Capabilities
 * Built-in iSight Camera

Mac mini
The Mac mini was introduced with a PowerPC G4 at the Macworld Expo in San Francisco on January 11, 2006, while the updated version with either an Intel Core Duo or Core Solo CPU was released February 28, 2006.

Technical Specifications
 * 1.66GHz or 1.83GHz, with 2MB shared L2 cache, Intel Core Duo CPU
 * 512MB (single SO-DIMM) 667MHz DDR2 SDRAM
 * 60GB or 80GB SATA Hard Drive
 * Slot-loading 8x/24x DVD-ROM/CD-RW 'Combo Drive' or 8x DVD+R DL/DVD±RW/CD-RW double-layer 'SuperDrive'
 * Intel GMA 950 graphics processor with 64MB shared memory
 * Included Airport and Bluetooth Capabilities

Mac Pro
The Mac Pro was the final part of Apple's transition to Intel Processors, replacing the Power Macintosh Models. It was shown at the World Wide Developers Conference on August 7, 2006 in San Jose.

Technical Specifications
 * Dual 2.0GHz, 2.66GHz, or 3.0GHz, with 4MB shared L2 cache per processor, 64-bit Intel Xeon CPUs (based on the Intel Core 2 design)
 * 512MB (single SO-DIMM) 667MHz DDR2 SDRAM
 * 250MB SATA2 Hard Drive
 * x16 DVD-RW 'SuperDrive'
 * NVIDIA GeForce 7300 GT graphics with 256MB memory

iBook
The iBook was a line of laptop computers sold by Apple Computer between 1999 and 2006. It was targeted at the consumer and education markets, with fewer features and lower prices than the PowerBook, and more recently, the MacBook Pro. The MacBook replaced the iBook line in May 2006.

iBook G3

 * iBook (June 21,1999) – First iBook (Tangerine, Blueberry)
 * 12.1-inch Active-matrix TFT Display (800x600 max resolution)
 * PowerPC G3 300 MHz
 * 66 MHz bus
 * 32 Megabyte|MB RAM (soldered to logic board)
 * Expandable to 544 MB (288 MB specified by Apple)
 * 4 MB ATI Rage Mobility AGP 2x
 * 3.2 Gigabyte|GB Hard Disk (ATA-33 Controller)
 * CD-ROM
 * USB, Ethernet
 * Airport (802.11b, optional)
 * Mac OS 8.6
 * iBook SE (February 16, 2000) – Minor addition to existing line (Graphite)
 * 366 MHz
 * 64 MB RAM (soldered to Logic Board)
 * Expandable to 576 MB (320 MB specified by Apple)
 * Mac OS 9.0.2
 * 6 GB Hard disk
 * (Other Specifications Same as iBook)
 * iBook Firewire/SE (September 13, 2000) – Major revision (Graphite, Indigo, Key-lime)
 * 12.1-inch Active-matrix TFT Display (800x600 max resolution)
 * G3 366/466 MHz
 * 64 MB RAM
 * 8 MB ATI Rage 128 Mobility AGP 2x
 * 10 GB Hard Disk (ATA-66 Controller)
 * CD-ROM/4x DVD-ROM
 * USB, Firewire, Video Out (through a special 3.5mm cable), Ethernet
 * Airport (802.11b, optional)
 * Mac OS 9.0.4
 * (Other Specifications same as iBook and iBook SE)

The original iBook design was discontinued in May 2001, in favor of the new "Dual USB" iBooks.

iBook G4

 * iBook G4 (October 22, 2003) – Major revision, processor switch
 * 12-inch or 14-inch Active-matrix TFT Display (1024x768 max resolution)
 * G4 800/933 MHz/1 GHz
 * 256 MB RAM
 * 30/40/60 GB Hard Disk
 * Slot-load Combo (CD-RW/DVD-ROM)
 * USB 2.0, Firewire 400, Video Out, Ethernet 10/100
 * Airport Extreme (802.11g, optional)
 * Mac OS X v10.3 "Panther"

 * iBook G4 Early 2004 (April 19, 2004) - Minor revision
 * G4 1.0/1.2 GHz
 * Slot-load SuperDrive (DVD-R) Built to Order Option
 * (Other Specifications Same as iBook G4)

 * iBook G4 Late 2004 (October 19, 2004) – Minor revision
 * G4 1.2/1.33 GHz
 * 30/40/60 GB Hard Disk
 * Slot-load Combo (DVD/CD-RW)/SuperDrive (DVD-R/CD-RW)
 * AirPort Extreme Standard
 * (Other Specifications Same as iBook G4 Early 2004)
 * The three models are: M9623LL/A (12-inch, 1.2 GHz, combo drive), M9627LL/A (14-inch, 1.33 GHz, combo drive), M9628LL/A (14-inch, 1.33 GHz, super drive)
 * Originally shipped with Mac OS X v10.3 Panther but with the release of Mac OS X v10.4 Tiger, all current iBooks shipped with the more up-to-date operating system.

 * iBook G4 Mid 2005 (July 26, 2005 to May 16 2006) – Minor revision and the last PowerPC iBooks
 * Still a G4 PowerPC
 * M9846LL/A: (Retail $999) 1.33 GHz; 12-inch display; 40 GB hard disk; Slot-Load Combo Drive DVD-ROM/CD-RW
 * M9848LL/A: (Retail $1299) 1.42 GHz; 14-inch display; 60 GB hard disk; Slot-Load SuperDrive DVD±RW/CD-RW
 * While the 14-inch display is bigger it is the same resolution as the 12-inch.
 * Both models now feature: 512 MB memory (expandable to 1.5 GB) at 333 MHz; ATI Mobility Radeon 9550 graphics processor with 32 MB video RAM; Sudden Motion Sensor (parks the hard drive head if the iBook is dropped); scrolling trackpad; Bluetooth 2.0+EDR
 * Both have a bus at a 10:1 ratio (133 MHz or 142 MHz).
 * (Other Specifications Same as iBook G4 Late 2004)

PowerBook
Apple's professional level machine. G4 versions of the PowerBook came in two primary flavors: a Titanium model, and an Aluminum model.

title: Mac OS X Tiger/Appendix C


text:
Mac OS X Tiger/Utilities/Grapher

Grapher, an app that’s new in Tiger, is like your average high school graphing calculator on steroids. Not only can it create garden-variety 2D graphs, but also highly complex 3D ones, as well. Unlike most graphing calculators, the graphs that are created do not need to be functions. For example, one can enter as an equation $$y^2=x^3-x$$ and get the graph:

title: Mac OS X Tiger/Utilities/Grapher


text:
User:Morgan695~enwikibooks

Hello.

title: User:Morgan695~enwikibooks


text:
Talk:Modern Greek/Reading Exercises/Reading 01

=ύφασμα and αρκετός=

Untitled
Can anyone explain the difference between ύφασμα and αρκετός?--Bcrowell 18:53, 19 February 2006 (UTC)
 * D'oh! Thanks, Andreas, I was just confused! --Bcrowell 06:01, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

=βοερού= I'm hoping this question will turn out to be significantly less stupid than my last one. I want to produce my own translation of the Cavafy poem, since I don't know of any public-domain English translations. Is βοερού a form of an adjective βοερός? I can't find a βοερός in any dictionary -- is it archaic?
 * Βοερός : αυτός που παράγει ή εκπέμπει δυνατή βοή, γεμάτος θόρυβο
 * from: http://www.asxetos.gr/
 * Here is another Cavafy poem with this word: http://cavafis.compupress.gr/kavgr230.htm
 * Try various declension forms in Google and you will find more examples Andreas 01:08, 23 February 2006 (UTC)
 * The meaning here is noisy Andreas 01:21, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

=translation=

Does λόγος have a religious connotation here, or does it just mean the power of speech?

 * Here "είχε λόγο" means "his word counted" (= he had the power to influence decisions)
 * --83.146.62.97 09:26, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

My translation
This is a more literal translation (I'm not a poet, and English is not my mother tongue):

In the back of the noisy coffeehouse, bent over the table, an old man sits there, a newspaper in front of him, companionless.

And in the despair of the miserable old age, he thinks how little he enjoyed the years when he had strength, and beauty, and a say.

He knows he's very old; he can feel it and see it. Still the time when he was young seems like yesterday. What a short time, what a short time.

And he contemplates what a trick Prudence has played on him; how he trusted her -- what folly! -- and how she lied when she said, "Tomorrow. You have a lot of time."

He remembers the passions he controlled, and the joys he passed by. Those lost opportunities mock him now for his brainless knowledge.

But all that thinking and remembering made him dizzy, and he falls asleep in the coffeehouse, bent over the table.

Στου καφενείου
This seems a preposition combined with a genitive case. This would be non-standard Modern Greek as far as I can determine. Can someone explain this strange usage? JorisvS
 * The forms στον, στην etc are not words by themselves but contractions. The phrase is a contraction of Σε του καφενείου ... το μέσα μέρος which is a variation of σε το μέσα μέρος του καφενείου. This is a standard construction in Modern Greek.

If this is a normal construction, why do even teachers of Modern Greek in Greece tell that after a preposition (σε is most definitely one) only the accusative case can be used? JorisvS

- Google: "στού" 159,000; "στης" 84,000; "στων" 34,000. Andreas 14:17, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Με μιαν ...: The accusative of μια is μια, not μιαν in Modern Greek. This either is archaic or dialectal.
 * μιαν is a variant (accusative only) used before vowel, Google: 186,000, same as έναν, 1,940,000
 * These are other example that modern Greek is not standardized.Andreas 14:17, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Well, on this we can easily agree. JorisvS

From the commonness of the construction, I do not understand why none of my books intented for learning Greek (also the ones written and used in Greece) do not even mention it at all. One would expect to find it, because of the commonness of it. Can anyone clarify this for me? Related to this was my (unanswered) question above: "If this is a normal construction, why do even teachers of Modern Greek in Greece tell that after a preposition (σε is most definitely one) only the accusative case can be used?". In "Στου καφενείου" it is clearly combined with the genitive. Can anyone fill this in for me too? JorisvS


text:
User:Barry Desborough

Please look me up on [WikiMedia]

I'm a proponent of The Case for an Online Wiki for Children.

Trying sketching out a new project. See Wikijunior:Life and Wikijunior:Life/Structure plan

My scribble pad

title: User:Barry Desborough


text:
Football (Soccer)/The Trophies And Cups

International Competitions
In football there are many competitions and championships. Here is a collection of the major international competitions in the world of football.

FIFA World Cup
This is the biggest achievement (competition) in football internationally. It takes place every four years and thirty-two teams play this major event. The qualifying rounds take place for each confederation three years before the World Cup. The 2022 World Cup was held in Qatar, Argentina defeated France by 4 penalties to 2 to lift the trophy. The bidding for the next World Cup is held before the nearest World Cup, (usually, three years before). For example, the bid for 2014 World Cup was held just after the 2010 World Cup. Brazil is the only team to win five World Cups, creating the record for winning the most World Cups in history. There have been twenty-two world cups, and the most recent was Argentina's win in the 2022 World Cup, hosted in Qatar. It was established in 1930 where it took place in Uruguay.

FIFA Confederations Cup(Abolished 2019)
This is the collection of the teams where the winners of the confederation tournaments, the hosts and the world cup winners qualify for a single tournament. It also takes place every four years like the World Cup. Brazil and France are the only countries that have won the cup twice. The most recent Confederations Cup was held in June 2017 in Russia, where Germany beat Chile 1-0 to win the cup.

UEFA European Football Championship
Also known as Euro, this championship is most watched in Europe (internationally). It is held every four years (two years before the next World Cup to happen). The qualification of this championship consists of nine groups with top two teams from each group, the best third place, and the winners of a play-off between the other third place going to the next main group phase and so on. Germany and Spain have won the most titles, 3. The most recent championship was won by Italy in 2021, with a score of 4-3 in a penalty shootout over England.

UEFA Nations League

The UEFA Nations League is a new biennial international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the member associations of UEFA, the sport's European governing body. The first tournament began in September 2018, following the 2018 FIFA World Cup. The four group winners from League A will qualify for the finals, to be played at a yet to be decided European city in June 2019. Four nations, one from each League, will also qualify for the UEFA Euro 2020 finals .According to the approved format (prior to Kosovo becoming UEFA member), the now 55 UEFA national teams (including Kosovo) will be divided into four divisions (called "Leagues"): 12 teams in League A, 12 teams in League B, 15 teams in League C, and 16 teams in League D. In each league, four groups are formed (three or four teams in each group) and play each other both home and away.

AFC Asian Cup
This is the main competition for Asian countries, although, Australia are also permitted and won the championship one time.The AFC Asian Cup is an international association football tournament run by the Asian Football Confederation. It is the second oldest continental football championship in the world after Copa América. The winning team becomes the champion of Asia.

CAF Africa Cup of Nations
This is the main competition for the CAF (African) countries. It is held every two years in January/February in the same year as UEFA European Championship Finals and Summer Olympics between 16 teams of Africa. It is the biggest international African teams' achievement. The latest cup, held during February 2022 in Cameroon, was won by Senegal for the first time.

CONMEBOL Copa América
This is the main competition for the CONMEBOL internationally. It consists of all the teams in the CONMEBOL. There is no fixed interval, so it changes frequently as to when it is going to take place. The most recent champion is Argentina (15th times) defeating Brazil after a 1-0 victory in 2021. Argentina & Uruguay holds the record for the most wins (15 time winners). Uruguay's most recent Copa America win was in 2011.

CONCACAF Gold Cup
This is the main competition in the CONCACAF region. Mexico currently holds the record for most wins with 8 titles. They are followed by the United States, the most recent champions, with 6 titles and Canada with 1. There is no fixed interval for this, also.

OFC Nations Cup
The OFC Nations Cup is an international association football tournament held among the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC) member nations. It was held every two years from 1996 to 2004; before 1996 there were two other tournaments held at irregular intervals, under the name Oceania Nations Cup. No competition was held in 2006, but in the 2008 edition, which also acted as a qualification tournament for the 2009 FIFA Confederations Cup and for a play-off for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, the New Zealand national football team emerged as winners.

Club competitions
A football club or a soccer league of a certain country consists for small leagues as shown in The Leagues And Teams. These teams are known as football clubs. Here is a list of major club competitions.

FIFA Club World Cup
Known as Intercontinental Cup before 2000, this is the only title which consists of the best top clubs from all six confederational titles (only four described below). The latest title was won by Chelsea in 2022. The FIFA Club World Cup had been hosted in Morroco 2023. The title was won by Real Madrid in a 5-3 situation vs Al Hilal

UEFA Champions League and Europa league
The biggest clash of the European league winners, the Champions League. 32 teams qualify for a round robin, then 16 qualify from each group, then quarter-finals, the semi-finals and then the finals.

Another major trophy, the Europa League, comprises 48 teams just like the Europa League, alas, third-place champion league teams join the tie for the progression of the round of 16, quarter, semis and finals. Real Madrid CF are the current Champions League title holders, whilst Atlanta BC are the current Europa League title holders ( 2024 ). Real Madrid currently holds the most champions league titles at 15.

AFC Champions League
The AFC Champions League, commonly known as the Asian Champions League, is an annual continental club football competition organized by the Asian Football Confederation. Introduced in 2002, the competition is a continuation of the Asian Club Championship which had started in 1967.

CAF Champions League
The CAF Champions League is not as prestigious as the UEFA's. It is also played like the UEFA's but instead 8 teams are in a group phase after a lot of qualifying leg rounds. The latest champions were Mamelodi Sundowns of South Africa in 2016, with this being their first trophy and their second appearance in the final since 2001. The winner of the competition qualifies for the FIFA World Club  Cup. The most dominant side in the competition are Al-Ahly with 7 titles, closely followed by local Egyptian rivals Al-Zamalek with 5 titles.

CONMEBOL Copa Libertadores
The most watched national clubs' league other than UEFA as it is also prestigious like the UEFA's. As of 2018-2019 the current champions are River Plate from Argentina.

CONCACAF Champions League
The CONCACAF Champions League is an annual continental club football competition organized by CONCACAF for the top football clubs in North America, Central America, and the Caribbean. The winner of the CONCACAF Champions League qualifies for the FIFA Club World Cup. The tournament is officially known as the Scotiabank CONCACAF Champions League, since February 2015, due to sponsorship by Scotiabank.

OFC Champions League
The OFC Champions League, also known as the O-League, is the premier men's club football competition in Oceania. It is organized by the Oceania Football Confederation (OFC), Oceania's football governing body. It has been organized since 2007 under the current format, following its predecessor, the Oceania Club Championship. Twelve OFC Champions League titles have been won by teams from New Zealand, with Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia being the only Pacific nations to have won the competition.

title: Football (Soccer)/The Trophies And Cups


text:
User:Hpetwe~enwikibooks

Hi, I'm Hpetwe and am new to Wikibooks. I'm also a part of many other Wikimedia projects.

title: User:Hpetwe~enwikibooks


text:
Coding Divert Sockets

This book serves as an introduction to coding divert sockets. Feel free to add.

 * /Introduction/ [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * /What Are They?/ [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * /Can I Use Them?/ [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * /How Do They Work?/ [[Image:25%.svg]]
 * /Your First Divert Socket/ [[File:00%.svg]]
 * /Before You Begin/ [[File:00%.svg]]
 * /Preparing the Divert Socket/
 * /Using the Divert Socket/
 * /Cleaning Up/

title: Coding Divert Sockets


text:
Coding Divert Sockets/Introduction

Divert sockets are one of the many thinly documented APIs of Linux and BSD kernels. A simple wake up call is all you need to conquer the power of divert sockets and use it in your application.

In this wikibook, you will learn what are divert sockets, when you can use them, how, and why you should. Plus, you will learn how to set IPFW rules and gain a basic understanding of using raw IP sockets.

The more aware you are of networking, the easier it will be to understand the power of divert sockets.

What Are They? >>

title: Coding Divert Sockets/Introduction


text:
Coding Divert Sockets/What Are They?

A divert socket is a special socket that is bound to a divert port where the IPFW or other filter sends matching link level incoming/outgoing packets for processing in a user space process. Divert sockets allow you to send packets in a similar fashion raw IP sockets do, where they enter or re-enter IP packet processing.

Divert sockets are particularly useful when, for example, an application to act as a router with use of a divert rule linked to a divert socket to receive and re-inject re-routed packets into the network stack, or a packet capture application using a tee rule linked to a divert socket for capturing data at interrupt time resolution; with no concern for the link level (Ethernet, 802.11, etc.) headers.

Since divert sockets stop packets from continuing up the network stack, data can be modified before it reaches its destination without having the destination host know that the packet was modified.

Think of it as a libpcap that allows you to stop packets before they get to their destination and send raw packets, only without the bloat of libpcap.

< < Introduction | Can I Use Them? > >

title: Coding Divert Sockets/What Are They?


text:
XML - Managing Data Exchange/Recursive relationships/Exercises

Exercises

 * Create a schema describing one team in a relay race. The information needs to describe the runners in the race as well as from whom the runner received the baton. Create an XML file containing sample data for this schema and populate it with at least four runners. Make sure the XML document is well formed and valid.

 * Each state has many life insurance sales people, and each region (North, South, East, West) of the state has one regional head salesperson. A salesperson can only sell in one region and can only have one head salesperson he/she is working under. Create a schema to describe this relationship. Create an XML document and populate it with data for two states. Make sure the XML document is well formed and valid. Each state should have data for at least two regions, and each region should have at least three salesman, including the region head. Each salesperson should be uniquely identified by a number. Each state shoud be uniquely identified by its two letter abbreviation.

 * A restaurant has many appetizers on its menu. A restaurant may also create a sampler dish which is a conglomeration of smaller portions of select appetizers. Create a schema to describe this relationship. Create an XML document and populate it with enough appetizers to create at least two sampler groups. Make sure the XML document is well formed and valid.


text:
Coding Divert Sockets/Can I Use Them?

Though it might not be the question you really wanted to ask, it is definitely worthy of note before continuing.

Not all kernels are built with divert sockets and a compatible packet filter, and they are required to get divert sockets working. In case either or both of them are missing, you will need to recompile your kernel with IPDIVERT and IPFW enabled.

Note: If you have a preference for a different packet filter—other than the IPFW—it is possible as long as the filter supports divert/tee rules. Be sure to check out your packet filter's documentation on whatever rule you'd like to link to your divert socket(s) and how to do them. (If you would like to add to this book how to link a packet filter rule with a divert socket that isn't the IPFW, your contributions are greatly welcome.)

< < What Are They? | How Do They Work? > >

title: Coding Divert Sockets/Can I Use Them?


text:
Introspector/RDF/Processor/CWM

prefixes: dc: "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" introspector: "http://rx4rdf.liminalzone.org/Users/SfNet/mdupont/projects/introspector/ontology/output/rdf/" mysite: "http://rx4rdf.liminalzone.org/Users/SfNet/mdupont/output/rdf/"

mysite:http://rx4rdf.liminalzone.org/Users/SfNet/mdupont.html a: {http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text} dc:creator: {bnode:Users_SfNet_mdupont} dc:title: "This is my first page"

introspector:inline_process_path_named_output introspector:path_attached_to_inline_process_affecting_parent_directory_ "output"

{bnode:Users_SfNet_mdupont} {http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/mbox}: {mailto:mdupont777@yahoo.com}

title: Introspector/RDF/Processor/CWM


text:
XML - Managing Data Exchange/The one-to-one relationship/Exercises

XML

=4. The one-to-one relationship=

Exercise 1

 * 1) Create an XML schema to describe the most popular restaurant in a city. Use either the all order indicator or the choice order indicator in your schema.  Check that it is well-formed and valid.
 * 2) Using the schema, create an XML document and populate it with data for one city that has a most popular restaurant as well as two or more other restaurants. Check that it is well-formed and valid.
 * 3) Write an XML style sheet to display the most popular restaurants sorted by name if the restaurant is located in a city with population > 5,000.

Exercise 2

 * 1) Create and XML schema to represent the most popular professors at a university. Include first name, last name, and years teaching.
 * 2) Using the XML schema, create and XML document and populate it with data about a university and its most popular professor. Use at least three universities and two professors at each university.
 * 3) Write and XML style sheet to display the most popular professors at each school sorted by the professor names.


text:
Cookbook:Chocolate Chocolate Chip Muffins

| Breakfast Recipes

A deliciously sweet muffin recipe that makes an excellent breakfast.

Ingredients

 * 1 ¾ cup (250 g / 8.8 oz) all-purpose flour
 * 1 cup (80 g / 2.8 oz) chocolate chips
 * ¾ cup (175 g / 6.2 oz) granulated sugar
 * ⅓ cup (40 g / 1.4 oz) cocoa, sifted if lumpy
 * 1 tablespoon baking powder
 * ½ teaspoon salt
 * 1 egg
 * 1 cup (250 ml / 8.5 oz) milk
 * ⅓ cup (80 ml / 2.7 fl oz) cooking oil
 * 1 teaspoon vanilla

Procedure

 * 1) Combine all-purpose flour, chocolate chips, sugar, cocoa, salt, and baking powder in a mixing bowl. Create a well in the center.
 * 2) Beat egg in a small bowl. Add milk, cooking oil, and vanilla. Stir and pour into well. Stir until just moistened.
 * 3) Grease 12 muffin cups with cooking spray. Fill cups ¾ full.
 * 4) Bake at 400°F (205°C) for 20 minutes until a skewer inserted into the center tests clean.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * These taste best when still warm.
 * If you don't have cooking spray, use paper liners.
 * Try adding white chocolate shavings on top, or even white chocolate chips.


text:
Cookbook:Banana Chip Muffins

| Bread | Breakfast

A muffin with a cake texture and wonderful banana taste.

Ingredients

 * 1 ¾ cup (250 g / 8.8 oz) all-purpose flour
 * ½ cup (110 g / 3.9 oz) granulated sugar
 * 1 tablespoon baking powder
 * ½ cup (40 g / 1.4 oz) semisweet chocolate chips
 * 1 egg
 * ¼ cup (60 ml / 2 fl oz) cooking oil
 * ¼ cup (60 ml / 2 oz) milk
 * 1 cup (250 g / 8.8 oz / 3 ea.) mashed ripe bananas

Procedure

 * 1) Measure flour, sugar, baking powder, salt and chocolate chips into a mixing bowl. Make a well in the center.
 * 2) Beat egg in a small mixing bowl until frothy. Mix in cooking oil, milk and banana.
 * 3) Pour into well in flour mixture. Stir just to moisten—the batter will be lumpy.
 * 4) Fill greased muffin cups ¾ full. Bake at 400 °F (205 °C) for 15 to 20 minutes.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * These muffins taste best when still warm.

title: Cookbook:Banana Chip Muffins


text:
Cookbook:Chunky Cran Apple Bran Muffins

| Breakfast Recipes

A tasty muffin recipe with apple chunks and dried cranberries.

Ingredients

 * ¾ cup (180 g) natural wheat bran
 * ¾ cup (180 g) milk
 * 1 ½ cup (360 g) all-purpose flour
 * 1 ½ teaspoon baking powder
 * 1 ½ teaspoon cinnamon
 * ¾ teaspoon salt
 * ¼ teaspoon baking soda
 * ⅛ teaspoon cloves
 * ¾ cup (180 g) brown sugar
 * ⅓ cup (80 ml) vegetable oil
 * 1 egg
 * 1 ½ cup (360 g) chopped, peeled apples
 * ½ cup (120 g) dried cranberries

Procedure

 * 1) Combine bran and milk into a mixing bowl. Let rest for 5 minutes.
 * 2) Combine flour, baking powder, cinnamon, salt, baking soda and nutmeg in another mixing bowl.
 * 3) Stir brown sugar, cooking oil, and egg into the bran mixture. Stir in dried ingredients, apples and cranberries.
 * 4) Spoon batter into greased muffin cups.
 * 5) Fill muffin cups ¾ full. Bake at 400°F (200°C) for 15 to 20 minutes, or until tester comes out clean.

Notes, tips and variations

 * For an optional topping, add 2 teaspoons of granulated sugar and ¼ teaspoon of cinnamon to the batter when they are in the muffin cups.
 * These taste best when still warm.

title: Cookbook:Chunky Cran Apple Bran Muffins


text:
User talk:Dolive35

I will think about it. Gerard Foley 00:53, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Typos on collaboration of the month
Fix whatever is needed. My spelling was never realy good.

--Krischik T 19:11, 24 April 2006 (UTC)

Freedom of Information Act 2000
What is this book exactly about? Why are you pasting text from government websites? --Derbeth talk 11:47, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Acetone peroxide synthesis
I have proposed the acetone peroxide synthesis for deletion. What do you think? Ewen 14:13, 13 November 2006 (UTC)

Biodiesel
Hi... this was marked as copyvio from another website, so it was deleted (the warning template was on the page for a long time before deletion). -- SB_Johnny | talk 12:39, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Chemical synthesis
The commonly available chemicals which were included in the explosives recipes are not nearly as safe/reliable/useful as laboratory chemicals, so I have re-written the method to be based on lab chemicals. Ewen 14:52, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dolive35


text:
Coding Divert Sockets/How Do They Work?

Divert Socket Anatomy
Divert sockets are quite similar to raw IP sockets. One major difference between them is instead of binding to an IP address, like raw IP sockets, divert sockets bind to a programmer-defined divert port. The IPFW program or other packet filter is used to match packets you want the socket to receive, and once a match is found, it can divert or tee the packet.

Is there a tee socket?
Nope. Teeing is a process in which a copy of the packet is sent to your divert socket, meanwhile diverting stops the packet completely from continuing up the network stack and requires the application reinject it into the network stack. Teeing is generally a good idea if you want to just capture packets.

Receiving
Receiving incoming and outgoing packets happen through either one of the read, recv, and recvfrom calls. In the latter function, the address port returned is a tag set by the packet filter. IPFW, in this case, would set the port to the rule number of the matching rule that diverted the packet. As for the IP address field, incoming packets will trigger setting the IP address returned to the device that received the packet. The BSD name of the device is placed in the last 8 bytes of the address, assuming it fits. Otherwise, the IP address is simply set to INADDR_ANY when outgoing packets are received, and the last 8 bytes of the returned address are null.

Sending
Sending packets works just as it does with raw IP sockets. You may send packets through the socket by using either of the write, send, or sendto calls. In the latter case, a destination address of INADDR_ANY will cause the packet to be treated as an outgoing packet. Any other address will cause the packet to be treated as an incoming packet.

Error checking on raw packets
When a raw packet enters IP processing, little error checking is done (just as in raw IP sockets.) If you send a packet with a bad IP checksum, it will be sent with a bad IP checksum and will report no error. If you send a packet with an incorrect datagram length, the packet will be dropped and errno will be set to EINVAL. It is your job to make sure there is no mistake when sending your packet, or it will forever be lost in the mighty depths of the Internet.

send or sendto to send packets?
Send is much easier to work with, but it does not allow you to explicitly choose which device will receive the packet you want to send. If you're clueless, you want send, save yourself a couple debug sessions.

< < Can I Use Them? | Your First Divert Socket > >

title: Coding Divert Sockets/How Do They Work?


text:
Cookbook:Apple Streusel Muffins

| Bread | Breakfast

A delicious muffin recipe filled with apples.

Streusel topping

 * ½ cup brown sugar
 * ¼ cup all-purpose flour
 * ½ tsp cinnamon

Batter

 * ¼ cup butter or margarine, softened
 * 1 ½ cups all-purpose flour
 * 1 ½ tsp cinnamon
 * ½ cup white granulated sugar
 * 1 tbsp baking powder
 * 1 tsp salt
 * 1 egg
 * ⅔ cup (180 ml) milk
 * ¼ cup (60 ml) cooking oil
 * 1 grated apple

Streusel topping

 * 1) Combine brown sugar, flour, and cinnamon in a mixing bowl.
 * 2) Cut in until mixture resembles coarse crumbs. Set aside.

Batter

 * 1) Combine softened margarine/butter, flour, cinnamon, sugar, and baking powder in a mixing bowl. Make a well in the center.
 * 2) Beat egg, milk, and oil in a small bowl. Stir in apple. Pour into well. Stir until just moistened.
 * 3) Fill standard muffin cups ¾ full with batter. Sprinkle streusel topping over the batter.
 * 4) Bake at 400 °F (200 °C) for 15 to 20 minutes or until golden.

Notes, tips and variations

 * The muffins taste best when still warm.

title: Cookbook:Apple Streusel Muffins


text:
User:Sean WI~enwikibooks

General Information
 * First Name: Sean
 * Country: United States of America
 * State: Wisconsin
 * Birthdate: September 1986
 * Height: 183 cm Weight: 79 kg
 * School: University of Wisconsin, Madison
 * Field: Cartography

title: User:Sean WI~enwikibooks


text:
User:G O T R~enwikibooks

Go Here to see my user page

title: User:G O T R~enwikibooks


text:
Orthopaedic Surgery/Preoperative Evaluation

Prevention of iatrogenic injury is the first goal of planning, management, and execution of surgery. This harkens back to the founding principles of medicine as set forth by Hippocrates whose words are used by Galen in their latin translation "primum non nocere". "Above all, not knowingly to do harm."

The process for preparing a patient for surgery can be taken as three different processes. One for elective same day surgery, one for emergency same day surgery, and one for inpatients. Each involves a coordinated effort by nursing, primary care physicians, specialty consultants anesthesiology and the operating room coordinator and staff. The weakest link will cause the whole chain to fail.

A case flow board is a mainstay of all operating rooms and keeps a running visual display of what is going on in each room, what resources are available, and for many operating rooms this is tracked by computer and displayed graphically facilitating in principle the role to the nurse who is typically "running the board". Depending upon how busy the emergency room is, it may be efficient to have a designated trauma room which is released for overflow patients if it happens to be unused, for example the room might be scheduled no more than 24 hours in advance. It may be efficient of not to schedule an operating room with block time made available to surgeons with a predictable steady volume of cases. The goal is to have cases run in the time predicted avoid being bumped and minimize turnover time.

Turnover time can have several meanings. Time out of the room, to next patient in the room is one definition.

As a patient is prepared for the operating room then undergoes surgery it is necessary to coordinate the activities of all concerned with aspects of the patients care. The operating room works from a schedule and "pulls" the cases that are scheduled for the next day, working from the surgeons "case card" to know what to pull. Lack of precision as to what specific case is to be done, pulling the wrong card. The card for a given case has a tendency to stagnate unless the card is updated after each case. If the wrong equipment is pulled the case will take longer, the surgeons concentration will be distracted.

Patients undergo baseline screening typically in pre-anesthesia testing, and then more specifically directed diagnostic testing which becomes increasingly elaborate with age and the anticipated physiologic stress that will occur with the surgery. All patients want to know that all has been done to optimize their chance of a successful outcome.

Obsesity, Cardiac and Pulmonary risk, peripheral vascular disease, familial history of anesthetic complication, all the ducks need to be in a row before the surgery can take place. When the system fails it can happen in a number of ways. An indicated test not done or the result ignored, a complication may then occur. The failure to recognize the problem in advance of the surgery is intolerable. Then again sometimes a test ordered in the name of being thorough may lead to results that then require further perhaps more invasive tests and or unnesessary.

When a patient is confronted by a surgery it is taken as the most risky part of their hospital experience and therefore a period when all efforts focus on minimizing the risk. At the same time the operating room is a limited resource which tends to be in high demand and thus cases go on time and end on time, to avoid overutilization or underuse which also is detrimental to efficient practice.

http://web.archive.org/20011109195604/www.geocities.com/everwild7/noharm.html

http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/115/suppl_2/96S

Cardiac Risk Assessment


text:
User talk:Sean83~enwikibooks

Copyright problem with Image:Xml host.png
--Derbeth talk 10:43, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Sean83. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Sean83~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:40, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:28, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sean83~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Lukner~enwikibooks

If there is a particular biology topic that you are interested in, let me know. --JWSurf 13:56, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Lukner. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Lukner~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:12, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lukner~enwikibooks


text:
Template:False Friends of the Slavist/MapConstructor

Semasiological map for


text:
User:Adam7davies~enwikibooks

cy:Defnyddiwr:Adam7Davies

title: User:Adam7davies~enwikibooks


text:
User:Joystick Tutorial

Game Tutorial

Joystick Game

The Game Engine is a very complicadet high Level in Blender! You must know, that because of that it´s very important that you know a very good english!

Okay, lets start!

First of all open your Blender! When you have opened it, you see a Square! Delete with ”Entf”! Then you push the Space Button on your “Keybord”! Then pops up a menu! The highest Word on this Menu is “Add”! Go with your mouse on it! Than pops another menu up! The highest Word here is “Mesh”! Go with your mouse on it! Now pops another Menu up! The highest Word here is “Plane”! Now push “Enter”! Now you have a Plane! Now we want to create a Character for the Game! This Character won´t be so big! It’s a simple Ball! To make this Character we go the same Way as we dit with the Plane! Can you remember? Lets do it again! First push the Space Button, than go with your mouse on Add, then Mesh but now we don´t choose Plane, no this Time we choose ”UVShpere”! When you have klickt it, comes the Number “32”! But we want the Number 16! Now, to change the Number, simply click on the Number! Now, if you have changed the Number, push the “Enter” Button! Now you have the Character for the Game! Oh my God, I forgot to tell you what kind of Game we are making here! A PS2 Game! Ok, now we want to controll the Charakter, with the Joystick! Impossible? No that’s really possible! I show you how possible it is! First push the Button “F4”! This is the Brain of the Game! Now you see 3 Times 3 Buttons! Sel, Act Link! This are called “Sensors”! But we want just the Act Button to be working! To do this just klick on Sel and Link! Now, in the Bottom of this 3 Words, you see the Word Add! Klick it! Now you see the Word “Always”! We want to change it in to Joystick! The real Sensor! Now its becoming interesting! Now, we need to connect the Sensors wit the Controllers! To do this just click the Gold little Button next to the Sensors and let the mouse clickt and move the mouse until the little Gold Botton bevor the Controllers! If you reached the little Gold Button let the mouse free! Now you have a black Line from the Sensors until the Controllers! This is the Connection! Now, next of the Sensors Buttons you see the Controllers! In the Bottom of the Controllers you see again the Word Add! Klick it! If you klickt Add comes the Word “and”! The Connection! Let it like that! Now, next to the Controllers you see “Aquators”! Now klick ones again the Word Add! If you have it klickt, comes the Word “Motion”! Now, in the Bottom of Motion you can make the Speed of the Charakter! There are 3 Places you can put the Speed! But we use only the first, and the 2.! In the first one we write -20! In the 2. we write 20! This is the Speed!

Well done! You´ve made a PS2 Game

Make some day your own PS2 Game

Good Luck

title: User:Joystick Tutorial


text:
User talk:Joystick Tutorial

Game Tutorial

Joystick Game

The Game Engine is a very complicadet high Level in Blender! You must know, that because of that it´s very important that you know a very good english!

Okay, lets start!

First of all open your Blender! When you have opened it, you see a Square! Delete with ”Entf”! Then you push the Space Button on your “Keybord”! Then pops up a menu! The highest Word on this Menu is “Add”! Go with your mouse on it! Than pops another menu up! The highest Word here is “Mesh”! Go with your mouse on it! Now pops another Menu up! The highest Word here is “Plane”! Now push “Enter”! Now you have a Plane! Now we want to create a Character for the Game! This Character won´t be so big! It’s a simple Ball! To make this Character we go the same Way as we dit with the Plane! Can you remember? Lets do it again! First push the Space Button, than go with your mouse on Add, then Mesh but now we don´t choose Plane, no this Time we choose ”UVShpere”! When you have klickt it, comes the Number “32”! But we want the Number 16! Now, to change the Number, simply click on the Number! Now, if you have changed the Number, push the “Enter” Button! Now you have the Character for the Game! Oh my God, I forgot to tell you what kind of Game we are making here! A PS2 Game! Ok, now we want to controll the Charakter, with the Joystick! Impossible? No that’s really possible! I show you how possible it is! First push the Button “F4”! This is the Brain of the Game! Now you see 3 Times 3 Buttons! Sel, Act Link! This are called “Sensors”! But we want just the Act Button to be working! To do this just klick on Sel and Link! Now, in the Bottom of this 3 Words, you see the Word Add! Klick it! Now you see the Word “Always”! We want to change it in to Joystick! The real Sensor! Now its becoming interesting! Now, we need to connect the Sensors wit the Controllers! To do this just click the Gold little Button next to the Sensors and let the mouse clickt and move the mouse until the little Gold Botton bevor the Controllers! If you reached the little Gold Button let the mouse free! Now you have a black Line from the Sensors until the Controllers! This is the Connection! Now, next of the Sensors Buttons you see the Controllers! In the Bottom of the Controllers you see again the Word Add! Klick it! If you klickt Add comes the Word “and”! The Connection! Let it like that! Now, next to the Controllers you see “Aquators”! Now klick ones again the Word Add! If you have it klickt, comes the Word “Motion”! Now, in the Bottom of Motion you can make the Speed of the Charakter! There are 3 Places you can put the Speed! But we use only the first, and the 2.! In the first one we write -20! In the 2. we write 20! This is the Speed!

Well done! You´ve made a PS2 Game

Make some day your own PS2 Game

Good Luck

Images
Please add copyright information to images you upload - see WB:ICT. Have you copied Image:Grass.jpg from another website? You should know it is forbidden. Another case is Image:554.jpg - do you really need it? Please also don't paste text into image descriptions, articles are for texts and images are for images. --Derbeth talk 23:12, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

What are you trying to do on here
At present your edits do not seem consistent with someone either writing a new wikibook or looking to contribute to an existing wikibook. May I ask what you are looking for from wikibooks? At present, if you continue the way you're going, you will soon be blocked from the site, Jguk 13:09, 21 February 2006 (UTC)

Stop uploading unnecessary images
Concerning Image:37822949.jpg, Image:39904819 dino bbc body203.jpg, Image:Debs & Leo March 2002.jpg...

You are uploading images to Wikibooks that seem irrelevant. Your images lack copyright information and are not used in any Wikibook; your image descriptions say that the images are for a joystick game tutorial, when in fact your images are completely irrelevant. Its likely that we will delete these images soon.

Please stop uploading images that have no relevance to Wikibooks. Wikibooks is a web site for developing free textbooks and instructional materials, it is NOT your personal image server. --Kernigh 23:53, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joystick Tutorial


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French/Grammar/Adjectives

Just like articles, French adjectives also have to match the nouns that they modify in gender and plurality.

Spelling
Most adjective changes occur in the following manner:
 * Feminine: add an -e to the masculine form
 * un garçon intéressant --> une fille intéressante
 * un ami amusant --> une amie amusante
 * un camion lent --> une voiture lente
 * Plural: add an -s to the singular form
 * un garçon intéressant --> des garçons intéressants
 * une fille intéressante --> des filles intéressantes

Pronunciation
Generally, the final consonant is pronounced only when it comes before an -e. Most adjectives, such as those above, are affected by this rule.
 * Masculine Pronunciation: intéressan, amusan, len
 * Feminine Pronunciation: intéressant, amusant, lent

List
Adjectives that are used frequently before nouns. These are: + sometimes placed after a noun, and may change in meaning
 * affreux (affreuse)
 * autre
 * beau (belle)
 * bon(ne) +
 * court(e) +
 * dernier (dernière) +
 * gentil (gentille)
 * grand(e) +
 * gros(se) +
 * haut(e)
 * jeune +
 * joli(e)
 * large
 * long(ue)
 * mauvais(e)
 * méchant(e) +
 * meilleur(e)
 * nouveau (nouvelle)
 * pauvre
 * petit(e)
 * vieux (vieille)
 * vilain(e)

When these adjectives appear before an indefinite plural noun, they will change the article associated with it:
 * des garçons courageux / de beaux garçons

Changes in meaning
When "grand" goes before a noun, it means "great". However, when it goes after the noun, it means "tall".

Likewise, when "pauvre" goes before a noun, it means "unfortunate". When it comes after the noun, it means financially "poor".

This rule works most of the time, but be careful, "pauvre" can mean "financially poor" even when used before the nouns.

Beau, nouveau, and vieux
These three adjectives behave differently when placed before a singular masculine noun starting with a vowel or silent h:

Possessive adjectives
A possessive adjective tells us who owns/possesses something. So, you might say, "my house", "their family" or "his dogs". The same is done in French. However unlike English, in French we use different possessive adjectives dependent not only the person who owns the object (my car vs your car etc.) but also dependent on the gender and number. E.g. If I only have one dog, I would say, "mon chien" but if I have lots of dogs, I would say, "mes chiens".

Furthermore in English, we say "her car" when the owner of the car is a woman and "his car" when the owner is a man. In French, they say "sa voiture" even if the owner is a male. It is not the owner who determines the gender of the possessive adjective but the object owned. The following possessive adjectives are in the order of: masculine object, feminine object, plural (several of the object).

First person singular - mon, ma, mes Second person singular (informal) - ton, ta, tes Third person singular - son, sa, ses

First person plural - notre, notre, nos Second person plural (and polite form) - votre, votre, vos Third person plural - leur, leur, leurs

Note: Exception. When a feminine noun starts with a vowel or silent 'h', you should utilize "Mon" instead of "Ma". Example: Mon ami = ok Ma amie = error! Mon amie = ok.

Demonstrative adjectives
Demonstrative adjectives identifies a specific object relative to the speaker. In English, demonstrative adjectives are words like, "this" and "these".

There are four adjectives that demonstrate a specific object in French:

 * Ce garçon (masculine) - this/that boy
 * Cet ami (masculine before vowel or silent h) - this/that friend
 * Cette fille (feminine) - this/that girl
 * Ces enfants (plural) - these/those children

title: French/Grammar/Adjectives


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