text:
Talk:Card and Magic Tricks

Great idea......a magic book!! Needs a'lot of work, though!

Buddpaul 01:18, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

I played around with working in color (a sort-of cover gone awry)......if someone wants to clean it up......be my guest! Buddpaul 19:35, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

I changed the color of the cover. I like that color.Buddpaul 20:56, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Introduction
I started an introduction......seemed appropriate. Buddpaul (talk) 18:43, 11 March 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Card and Magic Tricks


text:
Card and Magic Tricks/Stacked decks

The use of a stacked deck makes many things possible for the performing magician. Essentially, a stacked deck, as the name implies, is simply a deck with the cards set up in a predetermined order. A well-known stacked deck is known as the Eight Kings Chased stack.

Another common stack is called the Si Stebbins stack (or "stacking system").

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Card and Magic Tricks/Stacked decks


text:
User talk:64.180.51.206

Xania talk 01:29, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:64.180.51.206


text:
User:Buddpaul

I am here very rarely, but I do pop in at times. --Buddpaul (discuss • contribs) 19:33, 26 July 2021 (UTC)

Projects I'm involved in here:

 * Card and Magic Tricks

My Assorted Sandboxes
User:Buddpaul/SandboxA

title: User:Buddpaul


text:
Talk:Programming/LearnByExample/C

What exactly is "learn by example"? Buddpaul 01:54, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Programming/LearnByExample/C


text:
User talk:Buddpaul

Programming/LearnByExample
I've pasted a note on this wikibook to temporarily suspend deletion. The original author had requested deletion and most of the community agreed which was why I closed the vote. But I am in no hurry to delete so if you wish to change or suggest anything please let me know or edit the votes for deletion section for this wikibook. Xania talk 02:08, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The above book will be deleted in the next few days unless something is done to improve it. Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 11:45, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Everyone should have one!
Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 10:13, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

RE:Add book to subject pages
Hello Buddpaul, how are you?

To add a book to Subject:Performing Arts, you write on the front page of that book. Let me know if you have any other questions. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 22:17, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Twenty Questions For Twenty Preachers: An early 21st Century Perspective

 * Please hang in there with me.....I'm still working on that book.Buddpaul (talk) 17:32, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

Help!
Am I hallucinating, or is it that every time I hit "random book".....the same book on Aeronautics comes up??!Buddpaul (talk) 17:34, 24 September 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Buddpaul


text:
User talk:70.67.245.36

Cookbook:Naan
Webaware 02:38, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:70.67.245.36


text:
Clarinet/Clarinet Basics/Fingering

Basic Key fittings
Once you have assembled you new clarinet, you need to learn to place your hands in the correct places on the keys and holes in the instrument. As a start, put your right hand thumb under the piece of metal that sticks out of the lower clarinet section. This allows you to hold your clarinet when you are playing the instrument. With the clarinet resting on your right hand thumb, place your left hand thumb on the hole in the back of the instrument. Then take your left hand's first three fingers, and place them firmly on the holes of your clarinet's upper section. Afterwards, take your right hand and place your first three fingers over the three holes on the lower clarinet section. Make sure you have all your fingers firmly in place. If you blow in to your instrument with the correct embouchure (mouth positioning), it will produce the lower G note.

The notes
If you take all your fingers off of your clarinet, your instrument will produce a middle octave G. Practice tonguing this note several times before you are ready to move on to the next note.

Suggestions for learning notes
If you are learning to play the clarinet, I would consider purchasing a fingering chart for the references of the notes on the clarinet. Some notes may not speak because your mouth and your lungs are not yet fully developed. Stick to the middle C, D E, F, G, A, and B if you are beginning. The G note requires no fingers to play. Practice that note until it sounds reasonable, then move to the next. Reading music is a useful skill as it widens enormously the range of music you will be able to attempt, as well as allowing the novice clarinetist to use the many printed clarinet tutorial materials available, all of which require the ability to read music. Since the clarinet is most commonly a Bb instrument, the note that is written as 'C' actually sounds as 'Bb'; in the same way, all notes for the clarinet are written a whole tone sharper than they actually sound. This is for convenience in writing, and should not present any problems in practice for the novice clarinetist. However, it is important to be aware that when reading music written for 'C' instruments (where 'C' sounds as 'C'), it will be necessary to transpose.

Also remember to tongue every long note. Keep a good embouchure.

Kларинет/Прсторед

title: Clarinet/Clarinet Basics/Fingering


text:
Clarinet/Clarinet Basics/Fingering/Crossing the 'Break'

Crossing the break is a major step in a clarinetist's journey into accomplishing their instrument. The "break" is the end of the first register (called the chalumeau register) and the second register (called the clarion register). The first necessary thing a clarinetist must do is to know the notes that straddle the break.

 * The first note we will learn is the middle A. For this note, leave all keys unpressed except for the key right above where your left index finger should be. Pressing this key alone should produce an A.
 * For the next note, B-flat, finger the "A" but press at the same time the long key right above your left thumb. This key is called the register key. This key, pressed in conjunction with the "A" key, should produce a "B-flat." This is the end of the chalumeau register, and the last note before the break.
 * The next note, "B" is produced by fingering a low "E" and pressing the register key also. To review a low E, there are two ways to produce this note. Finger all holes and either the bottom right fork key, or the left pinky key.
 * To produce the next note, clarion C, finger a low F in conjunction with the register key. To review a low F, there are two ways: cover all holes plus either the top right fork key, or the center pinky key.

Players need to remember that when playing in the clarion register, they should keep their embouchure as free and open as the lower register. Don't "clamp down" when you get to the next register, because your tone will suffer, and it is easy to squeak this way. A good exercize to demonstrate this is to play a low F. Have someone come while you are playing the F and hold down the register key (so that the instrument goes up to a clarion C). If you feel yourself "clenching down" on your embouchure, you are playing incorrectly. You should feel no difference in your embouchure between the low F and the C.

Next, practice going between the notes that require only keys being pressed (such as B flat or A) and that of the basic notes ( such as C, D, E, F, and G.) After practicing this technique for at least five minutes, now try going from the middle and basic G (no fingers) to the upper C (requires both hands) If you do not yet know how to play an upper C, consult a fingering chart. In process of going from G to C, you simply put all your fingers down for the C, and lifting them up for the G. After you have mastered this, try moving on to another note, such as middle C, to upper C. After you accomplished C to C, move on to other notes that you think will challenge you. After you sit down and practice these transitions, it should seem seamless to you.


text:
User talk:76.16.128.81

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. Az1568(Talk) 04:19, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:76.16.128.81


text: Wikibooks talk:Arbitration

title: Wikibooks talk:Arbitration


text:
User talk:ConfusedGremlin

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

title: User talk:ConfusedGremlin


text:
American Literature/20th Century/Robert Frost

Introduction
Robert Lee Frost is the only poet to receive four Pulitzer Prizes for his work. He also received many honorary doctoral degrees, although he never actually earned a bachelor’s degree. An avid teacher and a gifted writer, he is one of America’s most admired poets of the Twentieth Century. He wrote in traditional poetic forms but with a twist—capturing the rhythms and vocabulary of ordinary speech. He was a great man and was very loyal too.

Life
Frost was born March 26, 1874 in San Francisco, California. When his father died during his childhood, he moved with his mother and sister to Massachusetts. He attended Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1892 but dropped out after a short time, working as a teacher and a factory worker.

Frost sold his poem “My Butterfly: An Elegy” to The Independent of New York in 1894. The next year he married Elinor Miriam White, his high school friend. The two of them taught school until 1897 when Frost entered Harvard University. He studied there two years and then moved to a farm in New Hampshire that his grandfather bought for him. He went back to teaching to support the family.

In 1912 Frost and his family moved to England, where he met Ezra Pound, who was one of the first people to review Frost’s work, and other notable poets. He published a book of poetry entitled A Boy’s Will in 1913. He moved back to New Hampshire in 1915 and spent the remainder of his career as a professor in colleges in New Hampshire, Massachusetts, and Vermont, including the prestigious Amherst College. During his years as a professor he continued to write poetry and plays.

Frost died January 29, 1963 in Boston, Massachusetts.

Style
Frost’s work is noted for its conversational style and tone. In fact several of his poems are written as dialogues. In “The Death of the Hired Man,” for instance, a husband and wife are discussing a farm laborer who has returned, despite the husband’s begrudging attitude. In this excerpt The wife, Mary, reveals that the hired man considers their place his home:

 * “Warren,” she said, “he has come home to die:
 * You needn’t be afraid he’ll leave you this time.”

 * “Home,” he mocked gently.

 * “Yes, what else but home?
 * It all depends on what you mean by home.
 * Of course he’s nothing to us, any more
 * Than was the hound that came a stranger to us
 * Out of the woods, worn out upon the trail.”

 * “Home is the place where, when you have to go there,
 * They have to take you in.”

 * “I should have called it
 * Something you somehow haven’t to deserve.”

Although he generally used traditional meters and rhyme schemes—unlike many of his contemporaries, who used modernist techniques—Frost attempted to employ smoothly flowing language such as one might employ in everyday life, as he does in the last stanza of his well-known poem “The Road Not Taken”:

 * I shall be telling this with a sigh
 * Somewhere ages and ages hence:
 * Two roads diverged in a wood, and I
 * I took the one less traveled by,
 * And that has made all the difference.

He avoided the stereotypical poetic language with its archaic and overly formal words, and used colloquial words and phrases, self-conscious narration, and the tone of a rural philosopher. For example, in “The Pasture” Frost’s narrator address the reader with an invitation, as noted in the first stanza:

 * I'm going out to clean the pasture spring;
 * I'll only stop to rake the leaves away
 * (And wait to watch the water clear, I may):
 * I sha'n't be gone long. You come too.

Frost also balanced seriousness and humor, believing that humor was a perfect vehicle for conveying serious ideas. That humor can take a dark and subtle form, as in his poem about the end of the world, entitled “Fire and Ice,” in which Frost employs extreme understatement:

 * Some say the world will end in fire;
 * Some say in ice.
 * From what I've tasted of desire
 * I hold with those who favor fire.
 * But if it had to perish twice,
 * I think I know enough of hate
 * To know that for destruction ice
 * Is also great
 * And would suffice.

The real theme of the poem, of course, is that both passion and hatred are destructive forces in the world, and the almost trivial tone of the narrator drives the idea home more strongly than a straightforward telling would do.

Frost’s works are generally set in rural places and contain details of the natural surroundings. Elements of rural life, such as rock walls (fences), birch trees, horses, and cows are prominent in his poetry and are often used metaphorically or symbolically. These lines from “After Apple-picking” are typical of his rural settings and props that he employed:

 * My long two-pointed ladder’s sticking through a tree
 * Toward heaven still,
 * And there’s a barrel that I didn’t fill
 * Beside it, and there may be two or three
 * Apples I didn’t pick upon some bough
 * But I am done with apple-picking now.

The poem is about the way that a day of hard work sticks with us so much that even our unconscious mind replays it in our dreams.

Awards and Honors
He received the Bollingen Prize for Poetry in 1963.
 * Frost won four Pulitzer Prizes for Poetry for:
 * New Hampshire: A Poem with Notes and Grace Notes in 1924
 * Collected Poems in 1931
 * A Further Range in 1937 and
 * A Witness Tree in 1943.
 * He received honorary degrees from Berkeley, Yale, Harvard, Oxford, Cambridge, among others.
 * He was the Poet Laureate of the United States (Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress) from 1958 to 1959 and was named Poet Laureate of Vermont in 1961.
 * He read “The Gift Outright” at the Inauguration of John F. Kennedy in 1961.

Works

 * Selected books of poetry
 * A Boy's Will (David Nutt, 1913; Holt, 1915).
 * North of Boston (David Nutt, 1914; Holt, 1914).
 * Mountain Interval (Holt, 1916).
 * New Hampshire (Holt, 1923; Grant Richards, 1924).
 * A Further Range (Holt, 1936; Cape, 1937).
 * Steeple Bush (Holt, 1947).
 * You Come Too (Holt, 1959; Bodley Head, 1964)
 * Plays
 * A Way Out: A One Act Play (Harbor Press, 1929).
 * The Cow’s in the Corn: A One Act Irish Play in Rhyme (Slide Mountain Press, 1929).
 * A Masque of Reason (Holt, 1945).
 * A Masque of Mercy (Holt, 19477).


text:
User talk:24.23.170.252

Cookbook:Fried Eggs
Webaware 08:08, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:24.23.170.252


text:
Talk:Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Major Events/Ginny Weasley

Section on OotP
I think the first paragraph in this section is very tacky, and needs re-writing. -58.175.34.124 10:46, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, feel free... Chazz (talk) 23:08, 25 September 2007 (UTC)


text:
Cookbook:Pasties

| Meat recipes | Cuisine of the United Kingdom

A pasty (Cornish: pasti, hoggan, incorrectly written as pastie) is a type of pie, originally from Cornwall, in the United Kingdom. It is a baked savory pastry case traditionally filled with sliced meat and vegetables. The ingredients are uncooked before being placed in the unbaked pastry case. Pasties with traditional ingredients are specifically called Cornish pasties. Traditionally, pasties have a semicircular shape, achieved by folding a circular pastry sheet over the filling. The circular edge is then crimped to form a seal.

This recipe is from Cornish Recipes, Ancient & Modern, 22nd Edition, The Cornwall Federation of Women's Institutes 1965. First collected & published by Edith Martin, Tregavethan, Truro, 1929, for The Cornwall F.of W. I.

Ingredients

 * 1 medium swede (rutabaga, yellow turnip) or similar root vegetable, peeled, cut into chunks, and then thinly sliced
 * 4 large potatoes, prepared same as the swede
 * 4 medium onions, halved and thinly sliced
 * 2 pounds (900 g) beef round (skirt), sliced across the grain into roughly 1x2 cm strips
 * Pastry for Cornish Pasties
 * 1 tbsp plain flour (optional)
 * 1 tbsp milk (optional)
 * Salt to taste
 * Pepper to taste

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat oven to 400°F 200°C Gas Mark 6.
 * 2) Lightly dust the prepared meat in seasoned flour (optional but makes a thicker gravy of the enclosed juices).
 * 3) Divide the pastry into 4 equal portions. Roll each into circles.
 * 4) Layer meat and vegetables on one half of each pastry circle to within 1 inch of the edge. Season generously.
 * 5) Brush milk onto the edge of the pastry circles (optional).
 * 6) Bring the other half of the dough over the top of the mixture.
 * 7) Pinch and twist to seal the dough around the edges.
 * 8) Make a couple of small slashes in the top of the pastry to allow steam to escape.
 * 9) Brush pasties with the remaining milk (optional).
 * 10) Use pastry trimmings to make the intended eater's initial(s) on one end of the pasty. This is the Cornish housewife's traditional way of making and identifying individual pasties to suit each family member e.g. less seasoning for young children or more meat for a hard-working son or anaemic daughter. Also, it enabled tin-miners and fishermen to identify their pasties if they had had to put them down somewhere half-eaten to attend to some urgent work.
 * 11) Place the pasties on a lightly-greased baking tray (or a double thickness of aluminium foil directly onto the oven shelf).
 * 12) Bake for about 45 minutes on the middle shelf of the preheated oven.
 * 13) Best taken with a pint of bitter or stout or a large mug of strong tea.

Tips, notes, and variations

 * Try adding sweet-corn or different types of beans.
 * To rewarm, place on a cookie sheet in the oven and make a tent with foil over them so only the inside is heated, and not the pie crust. By a campfire, just lay on a hot rock or on a plate tilted towards the fire; before long they are warm and ready to eat.
 * Use a pie crust that doesn't crumble too easily, or the whole thing will fall apart.

Variants

 * Apple variant: Add peeled and thinly sliced apples sprinkled with soft brown sugar.
 * Broccoli variant: Parboil, drain, and salt the broccoli. Fill pastries well with the broccoli. A little cheddar cheese is good in this, instead of salt.
 * Chicken variant: Add diced breast and leg meat, and continue as above.
 * Date variant: Chop some stoned dates, and fill well.
 * Eggy variant: Add diced green or smoked bacon (back is best), fresh parsley, and 1–2 eggs, according to size of pasty. Top-crimp from each end, and funnel beaten egg in before closing.
 * Pork variant: Add pork, potatoes, onion, a pinch of salt, and fresh sage or thyme.
 * Sorrel variant: Scald sorrel leaves, fill pasty, and serve with sugar and cream.
 * Jam variant: Any kind of jam can be used. Make the pasties smaller than normal, otherwise a lot of jam is needed!
 * Mackerel variant: Allow 1 or 2 mackerels for each pasty, cleaned and boiled as normal. Skin and bone them, lay on pasty, fill with fresh parsley, lightly season and close. Herring are good as well.
 * Windy variant: A method of using the pastry remnants. Just make an empty pasty, but omit the steam slit, split open while still hot and fill with jam, cheese and chutney, or whatever takes your fancy!

title: Cookbook:Pasties


text:
User talk:Srg101~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:47, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Srg101. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Srg101~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:47, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:32, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Srg101~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:K b asher

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:47, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:K b asher


text:
User talk:Aneeshmohamed

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:48, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aneeshmohamed


text:
User talk:Oduma

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:48, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Oduma


text:
User talk:MarieC~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:48, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called MarieC. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name MarieC~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:28, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:14, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:MarieC~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Jorend~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:48, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jorend. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jorend~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:21, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:06, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jorend~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Castroroy

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:49, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Castroroy


text:
User talk:Noplain~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:49, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Noplain. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Noplain~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:33, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:18, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Noplain~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Angellica~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:49, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Angellica. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Angellica~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:58, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:32, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Angellica~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Jeffq

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:49, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jeffq


text:
User talk:Adam17861

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 10:57, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Adam17861


text:
User talk:Iggbins

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 12:30, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Iggbins


text:
User talk:Think outside the box~enwikibooks

User:Think outside the box

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Think outside the box. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Think outside the box~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:50, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:35, 19 April 2015 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Neojaga

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 12:44, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Neojaga


text:
User talk:Missionary

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 12:44, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Missionary


text:
User talk:Desie

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 12:45, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Desie


text:
User talk:Gahrons

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 13:00, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gahrons


text:
User talk:Bookshelf~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!--Sundance Raphael 13:06, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bookshelf. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bookshelf~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:04, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:40, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bookshelf~enwikibooks


text:
Minix 3/Memory Management

Minix2 is supposed to have a 'simple' memory manager, because a) it is intended for a single user, and b) it is supposed to run on an 8088, which does not support virtual memory. The memory manager has a posix memory interface - i.e. it is used when the functions fork or exec is called.

Here is some discussion about some terms bandied about memory managers.

1. First fit algorithm a memory manager allocates memory so the most basic parameter would be the requested size. The mm can search a list of non-allocated memory blocks, until it finds a contiguous block of unallocated memory that is larger than the requested size, split it into a block for use of the requested size, and a smaller unused block which is the rest of the block. Then the requested size block is returned for usage.

The algorithm "best fit", searches a list of unused blocks, until the nearest larger or equal sized block is found, and returned , but the problem with this algorithm is that the unused part of the block that is returned to the free list tends to be small and useless.

One important aspect of any free memory allocation algorithm, is that once the used block is returned, it must be compared with adjacent blocks to see if they are also unused, and merged with the block before and /or after to keep the free block sizes as large as possible. If this is not done, free block sizes quickly become too small to use for some requests.

This requirement makes the "quick fit" algorithm, more complicated to implement than simple "first fit" : quick fit is where lists of free blocks are kept according to size range, but when blocks are returned, these lists aren't useful for finding the adjacent free blocks, which may be listed in a different size range.

There is also "worst fit", where the largest free block is chosen always.

First three algorithms are described in The Art of Computer Programming, vol. 1 by D.E. Knuth.

title: Minix 3/Memory Management


text:
User talk:147.31.4.47

Welcome to Wikibooks. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our collection. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 13:35, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:147.31.4.47


text:
User talk:86.127.163.227

This IP address has been blocked from editing Wikibooks for 2 hours because of the addition of spam and vandalism to Wikibooks pages. Xania talk 13:42, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:86.127.163.227


text:
User talk:83.31.240.235

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
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We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

-- Herby talk thyme 14:15, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:83.31.240.235


text:
User talk:207.74.115.23

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 15:24, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:207.74.115.23


text:
User:Freshacconci

Freshacconci at Wikipedia

title: User:Freshacconci


text:
Horticulture/Acer

Maples are trees or shrubs in the genus Acer. There are approximately 125 species, most of which are native to Asia, but several species also occur in Europe, northern Africa, and North America. Maples are variously classified in a family of their own, the Aceraceae, or (together with the Hippocastanaceae) included in the family Sapindaceae. Modern classifications, including the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification, favor inclusion in Sapindaceae.

The word Acer is derived from a Greek word meaning "sharp" (referring to the characteristic points on the leaves) and was first applied to the genus by the French botanist Joseph Pitton de Tournefort in 1700.

Description
Maples are mostly trees growing to 10–40 m (30–130 feet) in height. Others are shrubs less than 10 m tall with a number of small trunks originating at ground level. Most species are deciduous, but a few in southern Asia and the Mediterranean region are evergreen.

Maples are distinguished by opposite leaf arrangement. The leaves in most species are palmately veined and lobed, with 3-9 veins each leading to a lobe, one of which is in the middle. A small number of species differ in having palmate compound, pinnate compound, pinnate veined or unlobed leaves.

Several species, including the Paperbark Maple (../Acer griseum/), Manchurian Maple (../Acer mandshuricum/), Nikko Maple (../Acer maximowiczianum/), and Three-flowered Maple (../Acer triflorum/), have trifoliate leaves. One species, the Boxelder (../Acer negundo/), has pinnately compound leaves that may be simply trifoliate or may have five, seven, or rarely nine leaflets. The Hornbeam Maple (../Acer carpinifolium/), has pinnately-veined simple leaves that resemble those of hornbeams (../Carpinus/ spp.).

The flowers are regular, pentamerous, and borne in racemes, corymbs, or umbels. They have five sepals, five petals about 1 to 6 mm long, 12 stamens about 6–10 mm long in two rings of six, and two pistils or a pistil with two styles. The ovary is superior and has two carpels, whose wings elongate the flowers, making it easy to tell which flowers are female. Maples flower in late winter or early spring, in most species with or just after the leaves appear, but in some before them.

Maple flowers are green, yellow, orange or red. Though individually small, the effect of an entire tree in flower can be striking in several species. Some maples are an early spring source of pollen and nectar for bees.

The distinctive fruit are called samaras or "maple keys". These seeds occur in distinctive pairs each containing one seed enclosed in a "nutlet' attached to a flattened wing of fibrous, papery tissue. They are shaped to spin as they fall and to carry the seeds a considerable distance on the wind. Seed maturation is usually in a few weeks to six months of flowering, with seed dispersal shortly after maturity. Most species require stratification in order to germinate, and some seeds can remain dormant in the soil for several years before germinating.

Most maples freate extensive but shallow root systems, and tend to create very dry shade near the tree, so underplanting can be difficult.

Ecology
Maples tend to grow both as pioneer species and as subcanopies to larger trees. Most cast very dense shade, limiting undergrowth and underplanting.

Horticulture
Maples are planted as ornamental or shade trees by homeowners, businesses and municipalities. The Norway Maple (../Acer platanoides/) is especially popular as it is fast-growing and extremely cold-resistant, though is also an invasive species in some regions. Other maples, especially smaller or more unusual species, are popular as specimen trees.

Numerous maple cultivars that have been selected for particular characteristics are usually propagated by grafting. Japanese Maple (../Acer palmatum/) alone has over 1,000 cultivars, most of which were selected in Japan. Some delicate cultivars are usually grown in pots and rarely reach heights of more than 50-100 cm.
 * Cultivars

Maples are a popular choice for the art of bonsai. Japanese Maple, Trident Maple (../Acer buergerianum/), Amur Maple (../Acer ginnala/), Field Maple (../Acer campestre/) and Montpellier Maple (../Acer monspessulanum/) are popular choices and respond well to techniques that encourage leaf reduction and ramification, but most species can be used.
 * Bonsai

Maple collections, sometimes called aceretums, occupy space in many gardens and arboreta around the world including the "five great W's" in England: Wakehurst Place Garden, Westonbirt Arboretum, Windsor Great Park, Winkworth Arboretum and Wisley Garden. In the United States, the aceretum at the Harvard University-owned Arnold Arboretum in Boston, Massachusetts is especially notable. In the number of species and cultivars, the Esveld Aceretum in Boskoop, Netherlands is the largest in the world.
 * Collections

Commercial uses
Maples are important as source of syrup and wood. The Sugar Maple (../Acer saccharum/) is tapped for sap, which is then boiled to produce maple syrup or made into maple sugar or maple candy. Syrup can be made from closely-related species as well, but their output is inferior.

Some of the larger maple species have valuable timber, particularly Sugar Maple in North America, and Sycamore Maple in Europe. Sugar Maple wood, often known as "hard maple", is the wood of choice for bowling pins, bowling alley lanes, drums and butcher's blocks. Maple wood is also used for the production of wooden baseball bats, though less often than ash or hickory.

Some maple wood has a highly decorative wood grain, known as flame maple and quilt maple. This condition occurs randomly in individual trees of several species, and often cannot be detected until the wood has been sawn, though it is sometimes visible in the standing tree as a rippled pattern in the bark. Maple is considered a tonewood, or a wood that carries sound waves well, and is used in numerous instruments such as guitar and the drums.

As they are a major source of pollen in early spring before many other plants have flowered, maples are important to the survival of honeybees that play a commercially-important role later in the spring and summer.
 * Agriculture

Pests, Diseases, and other Problems
Maples are affected by a number of fungal diseases. Several are susceptible to Verticillium wilt caused by ../Verticillium/ species, which can cause significant local mortality. Sooty bark disease, caused by ../Cryptostroma/ species, can kill trees which are under stress due to drought. Death of maples can also be caused more rarely by ../Phytophthora/ root rot and ../Ganoderma/ root decay. Maple leaves in late summer and autumn are commonly disfigured by "tar spot" caused by ../Rhystima/ species and ../Powdery Mildew/ caused by ../Uncinula/ species, though these diseases do not usually have an adverse effect on the trees' long-term health.

../Aphids/:
 * ../Drepanaphis acerifoli/
 * ../Drepanosiphum platanoides/
 * ../Periphyllus aceris/
 * Norway Maple Aphid: ../Periphyllus lyropictus/
 * Boxelder Aphid: ../Periphyllus negundinis/—on ../Acer negundo/
 * Black Willow Aphid: ../Pterocomma simthiae/
 * Woolly Alder Aphid: ../Prociphilus tessellatua/

../Scale Insects/: ../Hoppers/ ../Psyllids/ ../Whiteflies/ ../Mealybugs/ ../Bugs/ ../Thrips/ ../Flies/ ../Beetles/: ../Weevils/ ../Caterpillars/: ../Wasps/ ../Mites/
 * Sweetgum Scale: ../Diaspidiotus liquidumbaris/
 * Calico Scale: ../Eulecanium cerasorum/
 * Terrapin Scale: ../Lecanium nigrofasciatum/
 * Japanese Scale: ../Leucapsis japonica/
 * Obscure Scale: ../Melanaspis obscura/
 * Gloomy Scale: ../Melanaspis tenebricosus/
 * Maple Phenacoccus: ../Phenacoccus acericola/
 * Cottony Maple Scale: ../Pulvinaria innumerabilis/
 * Cottony Cushion Scale: ../Icerya purchasi/
 * Cottony Hydrangea Scale: ../Pulvinaria hydrangeae/
 * Cottony Maple Leaf Scale: ../Pulvinaria acericola/
 * European Fruit Lecanium Scale: ../Lecanium corni/
 * Horse Chestnut Scale: ../Pulvinaria regalis/
 * Indian Wax Scale: ../Ceroplastes ceriferus/
 * Oystershell Scale: ../Lepidosaphes ulmi/
 * Putnam’s Scale: ../Diaspidiotus ancyllus/
 * Walnut Scale: ../Quadraspidiotus juglansregiae/
 * Leafhopper: ../Alebra albostriella/
 * Rose Leafhopper: ../Edwardsiana rosa/
 * Japanese Leafhopper: ../Orientus ishidae/
 * Maple Leafhopper: ../Alebra albostriella/
 * Potato Leafhopper: ../Empoasca fabae/
 * Boxelder Psyllid: ../Cacopsylla negundinis/
 * Mulberry Whitefly: ../Tetraleurodes mori/
 * Comstock Mealybug: ../Pseudococcus comstocki/
 * Maple Mealybug: ../Phenacoccus acericola/
 * Boxelder Bug: ../Leptocoris trivittatus/
 * Fourlined Plant Bug: ../Poecilocapsus lineatus/
 * Birch Lacebug: ../Corythuca pallipes/
 * Western Boxelder Bug: ../Leptocoris rubrolineatus/
 * Pear Thrips: ../Taeniothrips inconsequens/
 * Ocellate Leaf Gall Maker: ../Cecidomyia ocelaris/
 * Gouty Veingall Midge: ../Continaria negundinis/
 * Maple Gouty Veingall Midge: ../Dasineura communis/
 * Asian Longhorn Beetle: ../Anoplophora glabripennis/
 * Flatheaded Borer: ../Chrysobothris femorata/
 * Metallic Borer: ../Dicerca divaricata/
 * Twig Pruner: ../Elaphidionoides villosus/
 * Sugar Maple Borer: ../Glycobius speciosus/
 * Japanese Beetle: ../Popillia japonica/
 * Asiatic Garden Beetle: ../Maladerma castanea/
 * Black Twig Borer: ../Xylosandrus compactus/
 * Flatheaded Appletree Borer: ../Chrysobothris femorata/
 * Pole Borer: ../Parandra brunnera/
 * Twig Pruner: ../Elaphidionoides villosus/
 * Twobanded Japanese Weevil: ../Callirhopalus bifasciatus/
 * Asiatic Oak Weevil: ../Cyrtepistomus castaneus/
 * ../Phyllobius oblongus/
 * ../Chionodes negundella/ - feeds exclusively on ../Acer negundo/, North America
 * Brown-tail (../Euproctis chrysorrhoea/), Europe
 * ../Bucculatrix/ leaf-miners including:
 * ../Bucculatrix demaryella/
 * ../Bucculatrix thoracella/
 * Buff-tip (../Phalera bucephala/) - recorded on Norway Maple, Europe
 * ../Coleophora alniella/ - recorded on Red Maple
 * Coxcomb Prominent (../Ptilodon capucina/) - recorded on Norway Maple, Europe
 * The Dun-bar (../Cosmia trapezina/), Europe
 * The Engrailed (../Ectropis crepuscularia/), Europe
 * Feathered Thorn (../Colotois pennaria/), Europe, Middle East
 * Grey Dagger (../Acronicta psi/) - recorded on Norway Maple, Europe
 * The Miller (../Acronicta leporina/) - recorded on Norway Maple, Europe, North America
 * Mottled Pug (../Eupithecia exiguata/) - recorded on Sycamore Maple, Europe and Asia, Near East
 * Mottled Umber (../Erannis defoliaria/), Europe and Asia, Near East
 * November Moth (../Epirrita dilutata/), Europe, Near East
 * Pale November Moth (../Epirrita christyi/), Europe
 * The Satellite (../Eupsilia transversa/), Europe
 * Setaceous Hebrew Character (../Xestia c-nigrum/), Europe
 * Svensson's Copper Underwing (../Amphipyra berbera/), Europe
 * The Sycamore (../Acronicta aceris/), Europe
 * Winter Moth (../Operophtera brumata/), Europe, West Asia, North America
 * American Dagger Moth: ../Acronicta americana/
 * Greenstriped Mapleworm: ../Anisota rubicunda/
 * Oriental Moth: ../Cnidocampa flavescens/
 * Skeletonizer: ../Epinotia aceriella/
 * Linden Looper, Basswood Looper: ../Erannis tiliaria/
 * Saddled Prominent Caterpillar: ../Hemerocampa guttivitta/
 * White-marked Tussock Moth: ../Hemerocampa leucostigma/
 * Gypsy Moth: ../Lymantria dispar/
 * Forest Tent Caterpillar: ../Malacosoma disstria/
 * Leaf Stalk Borer: ../Nepticula sercoptera/
 * Brown Tail Moth: ../Nygmia phaeorrhoea/
 * Bruce Spanworm: ../Operophtera bruceata/
 * Maple Leaf Cutter: ../Paraclemensia acerifoliella/
 * Carpenterworm Borer: ../Prionoxystus robiniae/
 * Leopard Moth Borer: ../Zeuzera pyrina/
 * American Plum Borer: ../Euzophera semifuneralis/
 * Bagworm: ../Thyridopterix ephemeraeformis/
 * Boxelder Leafroller: ../Archips negundamus/
 * Boxelder Leafminer: ../Caloptilia negundella/ - on Boxelder
 * Carpenterworm: ../Prionoxystus robiniae/
 * Cecropia Moth Caterpillar: ../Hyalophora cecropia/
 * Eastern Tent Caterpillar: ../Malacosoma americanum/
 * Fall Cankerworm: ../Alsophila pometaria/
 * Fall Webworm: ../Hyphantria cunea/
 * Filament Bearer Caterpillar: ../Nematocampa limbata/
 * Fruittree Leafroller: ../Archips argyrospila/
 * Hickory Tussock Moth: ../Halisodota caryae/
 * Imperial Moth Caterpillar: ../Eacles imperiales/
 * Io Moth Caterpillar: ../Automeris io/
 * Leopard Moth Borer: ../Zeuzera pyrina/
 * Linden Looper: ../Erannis tiliaria/
 * Luna Moth Caterpillar: ../Actias luna/
 * Maple Leafcutter: ../Paraclemensia acerifoliella/
 * Polyphemus Moth Caterpillar: ../Antheraea polyphemus/
 * Puss Caterpillar: ../Megalopyge opercularis/
 * Redhumped Oakworm: ../Symmersia canicost/
 * Yellownecked Caterpillar: ../Datana ministra/
 * Filament Bearer Caterpillar: ../Nematocampa limbata/
 * Boxelder Twig Borer: ../Proteoteras willingana/
 * Hackberry Leaf Slug: ../Norape ovina/
 * Hag Moth Caterpillar: ../Phobetron pithecium/
 * Spotted Tentiform Leafminer: ../Phyllonorycter blancardella/
 * Maple Leafminer: ../Phyllonorycter aceriella/
 * Maple Trumpet Skeletonizer: ../Calastega aceriella/
 * Maple Twig Borer: ../Proteoteras aesculana/
 * Orangehumped Mapleworm: ../Symmersia leucitys/
 * Spring Cankerworm: ../Paleacrita vernata/
 * Threelined Leafroller: ../Pandemis limitata/
 * Pigeon Tremex Borer: ../Tremex columba/
 * Gall Mite: ../Aceria elongatus/
 * Gall Mite: ../Aceria modestus/
 * Gall Mite: ../Eriophyes acericola/
 * Gall Mite: ../Eriophes calacerus/
 * Gall Mite: ../Eriophyes negundi/
 * Maple Spider Mite: ../Oligonychus aceris/
 * Gall Mite: ../Phyllocoptes aceris-crumena/
 * Maple Bladdergall Mite: ../Vasates quardipedes/
 * Maple Spindlegall Mite: ../Vasates aceriscrumena/

title: Horticulture/Acer


text:
Wikijunior:Bugs/Insects Intro

Introduction
The first signs of life on Earth appeared in the oceans around 3,500 million years ago. Arthropods were the first creatures to emerge from the oceans to live on land about 420 million years ago.

Smaller groups of arthropods are called classes. Insects form the Class Insecta, the most successful group of arthropods. Classes are divided into groups called orders. For example, butterflies belong to the Order Lepidoptera and beetles belong to the Order Coleoptera.

Orders are made up of families. Ladybug beetles are in the Family Coccinellidae. Families are made up of groups called genera which are divided into even smaller groups called species. When people refer to a specific kind of insect, they are usually thinking of a species, such as the Monarch Butterfly.

What do they look like?
An insect’s body is has three main parts: the head, thorax, and abdomen. Eyes, mouthparts, and antennae are located on the head. Legs and often wings are on the thorax. Females have an ovipositor at the tip of the abdomen for laying eggs. Some insects have a pair of sensory organs called cerci at the tip of the abdomen. A hard outer covering called an exoskeleton protects the soft inner parts.

Most adult winged insects have two pairs of wings. Flies have only one pair of wings for flying and a pair of club-shaped halteres for balance. The hard, armor-like fore wings of beetles cover and protect the hind wings used for flying. Experts who study insects (entomologists) use the various arrangements of veins in the wings for identification.

How do they defend themselves?
Insects were the first animals to take to the air. Their ability to fly helped them evade enemies more easily and find food and mates more efficiently. Most insects have the advantage of being able to fold their wings back along the body. This gives them a wider range of small places to hide from predators. Today, the only insects that cannot fold back their wings are dragon flies and mayflies.

Unlike birds, insects need to warm up their flight muscles. They do this by vibrating their wings or basking in the sun before takeoff.

What stages of metamorphosis do they go through?
Because the exoskeleton is hard and cannot stretch, insects must shed (molt) several times as they grow. Many insects have four growth stages—egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The larva is an active feeding stage. The pupa is an inactive resting stage. During the pupal stage, the larva is transformed into an adult. This kind of development is called complete metamorphosis. Butterflies, flies, beetles, and bees undergo complete metamorphosis. Scientists believe the pupal stage evolved millions of years ago from a need to survive long periods of cold. Today 85% percent of all living insect species develop through complete metamorphosis.

Other insects have only three stages—egg, larva, and adult, with no pupal stage. This is known as simple or incomplete metamorphosis. Grasshoppers undergo simple metamorphosis. Their young are called nymphs and often resemble small adults. Dragonflies and mayflies are aquatic insects. Their offspring are called naiads or water nymphs.

How do insects affect people?
Insects are seen as pests by most people. Some destroy crops and carry diseases that harm animals and human beings. Others are beneficial and most are harmless. Honey, silk, waxes, oils, natural medicines, and dyes are among the many useful products from insects. Without pollinators, such as bees, many plants would be unable to produce fruit and seeds and so would die out. Predacious insects, such as lady bugs, help control harmful aphid populations. In some countries, crickets, grasshoppers, and caterpillars provide nutritious food for humans.

title: Wikijunior:Bugs/Insects Intro


text:
User talk:Adreamsoul~enwikibooks

Late - certainly - but Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 18:13, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Adreamsoul. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Adreamsoul~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:55, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:29, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Adreamsoul~enwikibooks


text:
Talk:XForms/Formatting a date

Output and dates
The XForms 1.0 Recommendation says that ([output]) is, like other form controls, responsible for converting the lexical (XML) values to localized, presentation values.

The recent XForms 1.1 working draft ([XForms 1.1 output]) goes further, with an explicit example of handling dates in output.

Even so, some XForms user agents still do not handle date formatting, so if your XForms processor supports XBL, here's how you can teach it to follow the appearance attribute.

A declarative way of doing this
Here's an example of how to use Mozilla binding to make xf:output do this automatically. To cause a date to be displayed in a human-readable format, you just use bind to declare its type as xsd:dateTime, and you use the appearance attribute to control the formatting.

It really ought to be something that XForms processors do already since converting XML lexical representation to human-readable presentation is the contract of form controls.

Markup for your XHTML+XForms Page
  ...      ...

date.js
Get this file from http://delete.me.uk/2005/03/iso8601.html It converts between JavaScript date objects and ISO 8601 date lexical representation.

output.css
@namespace xf url(http://www.w3.org/2002/xforms); @namespace mozType url(http://www.mozilla.org/projects/xforms/2005/type);

xf|output[mozType|typelist~="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"][appearance='compact'] { -moz-binding: url('bindings.xml#output-compact-dateTime'); }

xf|output[mozType|typelist~="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"][appearance='full'] { -moz-binding: url('bindings.xml#output-full-dateTime'); }

xf|output[mozType|typelist~="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"][appearance='minimal'] { -moz-binding: url('bindings.xml#output-minimal-dateTime'); }

xf|output[mozType|typelist~="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime"] { -moz-binding: url('bindings.xml#output-dateTime'); }

xf|output[mediatype="text/html"] { -moz-binding: url('bindings.xml#output-text-html'); }

bindings.xml

var span = document.getAnonymousElementByAttribute(this, "anonid", "content"); if (span) { var date = new Date; date.setISO8601(this.stringValue); var str = date.toLocaleString; // crock for removing "Monday, " if present; not I18N. var idx = str.indexOf("day, "); if (idx != -1) { str = str.substring(idx+5); }	   span.textContent = str; }	 return true;

 var span = document.getAnonymousElementByAttribute(this, "anonid", "content"); if (span) { var date = new Date; date.setISO8601(this.stringValue); var str = date.toLocaleString; // crock for removing "Monday, " if present; not I18N. var idx = str.indexOf("day, "); if (idx != -1) { str = str.substring(idx+5); }	   span.textContent = str; }	 return true;

var span = document.getAnonymousElementByAttribute(this, "anonid", "content"); if (span) { var date = new Date; date.setISO8601(this.stringValue); span.textContent = date.toLocaleString; }	 return true;

 <html:span anonid="content" />

<implementation implements="nsIXFormsUIWidget"> <![CDATA[ var span = document.getAnonymousElementByAttribute(this, "anonid", "content"); // too bad JavaScript doesn't have a locale-based way of doing this if (span) { var date = new Date; var todayYear = date.getYear; var todayMonth = 1+date.getMonth; var todayDay = date.getDate; date.setISO8601(this.stringValue); var month = 1+date.getMonth; var day = date.getDate; var year = date.getYear; var hour = date.getHours; var minute = date.getMinutes; var second = date.getSeconds; if (hour < 10) hour = "0" + hour; if (minute < 10) minute = "0" + minute; if (second < 10) second = "0" + second; if (todayYear == year && todayMonth == month && todayDay == day) { span.textContent = hour + ":" + minute + ":" + second; } else { if (month < 10) month = "0" + month; if (day < 10) day = "0" + day; if (year > 100) year = year - 100; if (year < 10) year = "0" + year; // I18N Alert! span.textContent = month + "/" + day + "/" + year + " " + hour + ":" + minute + ":" + second; }	 }	  return true;]]>

<binding id="output-text-html" extends="chrome://xforms/content/xforms.xml#xformswidget-base"> <html:div xmlns:html="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <html:span anonid="content" /> </html:div>

<implementation implements="nsIXFormsUIWidget">

var span = document.getAnonymousElementByAttribute(this, "anonid", "content"); span.innerHTML = this.stringValue;

title: Talk:XForms/Formatting a date


text:
Wikijunior:New Book of the Quarter/2007-2nd Quarter Vote

Voting for the Wikijunior New Book of the Quarter is open from now until April 1st, 2007 00:01 UTC. The winning New Book of the Quarter will become the next Wikijunior project and will influence the future direction of Wikijunior.

Adaptations
This book will cover amazing adaptations that allow animals to survive in their own way.

(New Title Suggestion Last Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Klingoncowboy4 02:48, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Comments:

Alphabet
A version of the traditional alphabet primer.

(Renominated with 3 votes in the 1st Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Klingoncowboy4 18:30, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 18:59, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Comments:

Biomes
Give children an understanding of the variety of environments on Earth.

(New Title Suggestion Last Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Klingoncowboy4 02:48, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Kfasimpaur 23:31, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Comments:

I have a fair amount of existing content on this subject that I would be willing to contribute. Kfasimpaur 23:31, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Electricity
To explain the physics, history, applications, components, and modern significance of electricity and related subjects.

(New Title Suggestion Last Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Klingoncowboy4 02:48, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Elocina 00:04, 16 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) Kohan 19:18, 31 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 4) WietsE 18:33, 6 February 2007 (UTC)

Comments:

Elementary Mathematics
The scope of this series of Wikibooks is to provide an elementary knowledge of mathematics to which children can build upon.

(New Title Suggestion Last Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Herraotic 20:20, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Comments:

We would start from the beginning book aimed at parents or a preparatory school, explaining how to introduce numbers, giving several pages for the child to write the numbers. I think it is important that negative numbers should be immediately introduced though this is tentative. Operators can then be introduced after the child understands what numbers mean, an analogy such as money in a purse can be used and many others. Addition will be first introduced, the most effective algorithm will be used (in the UK most schools use only one, the column method, although I have heard there are many in the USA). Subtraction will soon be used and both the former algorithms will be concentrated on in questions until the child has gained a firm grasp. Multiplication will be introduced after this and many visual perspectives will be used to explain this, due to the lack of children in the UK actually knowing how to mentally do multiplication, a whole chapter will be dedicated to this with mental processes of multiplying certain numbers and a timetable being used (for the written method of multiplication, only one algorithm will be used as for most other operators). Prime numbers will then be introduced and their significance will be explained. After studying these many times, shapes will be introduced (for the sake progression I won't explain this part) then after this graphs and most other basic handling data sections will be explained. All of what was learned will be highlighted in several tests and implemented in all aspects of questions. This is followed by a big section about division (not highlighted). In this relatively small segment which I have touched upon it will probably scatter over 5 books or 20 booklets.
 * To offer a depiction of how these series of books would be structured I will briefly explain a concept here:

Although I would like for the books to be appropriate for their age I would not want to barrier young children progressing quickly and not to deter adults studying to affirm their knowledge or learn what they might of not. Note: Mathematics series of textbooks. -- Herraotic 19:38, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Fifth Grade Math
(Renominated with 4 votes in the 1st Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Klingoncowboy4 18:30, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Comments:

Fun With Nature
This project will focus on teaching kids about nature.

(New Title Suggestion Last Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Klingoncowboy4 02:48, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 12:55, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Comments:

Human Body
Wikijunior Human Body would concentrate on the individual organs of the body and their respective organ systems. The questions will be relevant and interesting to kids.

(Renominated with 6 votes in the 1st Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Klingoncowboy4 18:30, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Herraotic 20:47, 14 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) Elocina 00:02, 16 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 4) Lilyrr007 18:04, 28 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 5) Urbane User (Talk)   (Contributions)  10:29, 3 February 2007 (UTC)
 * 6) xixtas  talk 03:25, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

Comments:

 * This book belongs to the minority which can essentially suffice to the requests of parents educating their children and to educational institutions serving a free usable textbook for Biology. --Herraotic 20:47, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Transportation
This book would describe various modes of transport

(Renominated with 4 votes in the 1st Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Klingoncowboy4 18:30, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 18:59, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

Comments:

World Religions
(Renominated with 5 votes in the 1st Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Lilyrr007 18:04, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

Comments:

World War II
(Renominated with 7 votes in the 1st Quarter)

Votes:

 * 1) Klingoncowboy4 18:30, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 2) Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 18:59, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 3) Urbane User (Talk)  # (Contributions)  18:22, 17 January 2007 (UTC)
 * 4) WietsE 18:34, 6 February 2007 (UTC)
 * 5) xixtas  talk 03:25, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

Comments:


text:
User talk:67.84.91.127

Welcome!
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User talk:85.75.76.191

Xania talk 19:07, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:85.75.76.191


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User:TheUg~enwikibooks

About
Name’s Eugene (Evgenij) Kravtsov, born in Dubna, Russia. One year in University of Dubna with the management major. Had to move to U. S., where I currently and temporarily live and work.

Areas of Interest and/or Expertise
Humanitarian sciences, mostly history, sociology, philosophy and language studies. Exact sciences, mostly in relation to practical problems, both technical, and socially controversial, such as nuclear energetics. Arts and culture, especially architecture, city planning and related sociogenesis (for instance, avid protester of American suburban sprawl, poor planning, and inherent issues). Sports, particularly Association code of football (soccer), yachting, winter sports, general training, sports physiology, thrauma prevention and rehabilitation.

title: User:TheUg~enwikibooks


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User talk:Beam Of Mystery

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Easy Guide to Famous Artists
This book as been nominated for deletion. If you wish to prevent its deletion, please comment at Votes for deletion. Webaware talk 07:24, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

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User talk:Mattciv

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 19:33, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

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text:
User:Beam Of Mystery

Hi, I'm the Beam Of Mystery!

=Edits I've made on Wikibooks=

Before Registering
Created Easy Guide to the Internet and made some minor edits.

Post Registration
Continued Editing Easy Guide to the Internet.

title: User:Beam Of Mystery


text:
Horticulture/Epimedium

Epimedium, also known as Barrenwort, Bishop's Hat, Fairy Wings, Horny Goatweed, or Yin Yang Huo (Chinese: 淫羊藿), is a genus of about 25 species of herbaceous flowering plants in the family ../Berberidaceae/. They are native to southern Europe, and central, southern and eastern Asia.

Description
Epimediums are low-growing perennials which form dense colonies over time through spreading rhizomes. The leaves are basal, evergreen or deciduous, 2-3 ternate or pinnately compound, held upright on slender but stiff petioles

The flowers are held on delicate racemes or panicles, perfect, bisexual, 4 petals and 8 sepals are distinct and in imbricate rows. The flowers of many species and cultivars have a "spidery" appearance.

Species
About 25 species, including: There are also numerous hybrids grown in the garden.
 * ../Epimedium acuminatum/
 * ../Epimedium alpinum/
 * ../Epimedium diphyllum/
 * ../Epimedium grandiflorum/
 * ../Epimedium leptorrhizum/
 * ../Epimedium perralderianum/
 * ../Epimedium pinnatum/
 * ../Epimedium pubigerum/
 * ../Epimedium sagittatum/
 * ../Epimedium sempervirens/
 * ../Epimedium setosum/
 * ../Epimedium sutchuenense/

Growing conditions
Many species, hybrids, and cultivars are grown for ornament, particularly as ground covers for partial shade. They prefer a well-drained, humus-rich soil, but are somewhat adaptable to poorer soils if the drainage is good.

Epimediums need little or no maintenance, but many gardeners cut down the previous year's foliage (even on evergreen species) because the old foliage hides the flowers on many species and cultivars. For this purpose the foliage needs to be cut (not pulled), and care should be taken not to disturb the new growth, which is quite tender. Late freezes can also cause damage to new growth, so some shelter (such as conifer branches) should be applied if a hard freeze is expected.

Uses
The evergreen species are particularly good at keeping down weeds; and most species have attractively colored new foliage in spring. One of the more popular cultivars is the Persian barrenwort E. x versicolor 'Sulphureum' (a hybrid of E. grandiflorum x E. pinnatum ssp. colchicum), also known as the Bicolor barrenwort, which produces soft yellow flowers in the spring.

Many species of Epimedium are reported to have aphrodisiac qualities. According to legend, this property was discovered by a Chinese goat herder who noticed sexual activity in his flock after they ate the weed. It is sold as a health supplement, usually in raw herb or pill form and sometimes blended with other supplements. The "active ingredient" in Epimedium is icariin, which can be found in standardized extracts to be from 5% up to 60% potent. Strengths above that are usually reserved for lab use.

In addition to this mechanism, it also acts as a mild PDE-5 inhibitor. PDE-5 is an enzyme which is produced in a 'negative feedback" loop. As more blood flows to the genitals, PDE-5 metabolizes the nitric oxide almost as fast as it is being produced to keep it in check. If the body does not produce enough of this enzyme, damage to the erect penis could result from too hard of an erection. This is called priapism. Viagra, a popular pharmaceutical, works by blocking the production of the PDE-5 enzyme. Horny Goat Weed produces small amount of PDE-5 inhibitors within safe levels.

Pests and diseases
../Weevils/:
 * Black Vine Weevil: ../Otiorhynchus sulcatus/

title: Horticulture/Epimedium