text:
Mac OS X Tiger/Installing Tiger

=Introduction= Getting a new version of the Mac OS feels like christmas for most Mac fans. As soon as you finish installing, you'll see an immediate increase in speed and discover lots of cool new features. But if you feel daunted by the task of installing Tiger and are putting it off, this appendix is made for you! It lays out in plain English what you need to do, and will let you get installation over with in about a half hour.

=Types of Installations= Before you begin, you should pick how you're going to install Tiger. There are four choices, although depending on your current configuration, you won't be able to choose all of them. The choices are:

 * Upgrade Install - An Upgrade Install takes a copy of Mac OS X 10.2 or 10.3 (Jaguar or Panther) and turns it into a copy of Tiger, by going under the hood and modifying only what's been changed since your current Mac OS version. It eliminates all extra installation headaches... but upgraded copies of Mac OS X tend to be slightly buggier than copies installed via either of the two methods below.
 * Archive and Install - Archive and Install shrink-wraps your current OS, be it an early version of Mac OS X or even (heaven forbid) Mac OS 9, stores it in a folder, and puts a fresh copy of Tiger in its place. Among Mac users who are "in the know", this is the most popular choice. You will need to tie up a few loose ends afterwards, though, so weigh the extra hassle against the slightly inferior reliability of an Upgrade Install.
 * Erase and Install - Erase and Install completly obliterates the hard drive you install Tiger on and starts fresh - it's like getting a new Mac. Obviously, you'll want to make sure that any important files are backed up first.
 * Basic Install - A Basic Install puts a copy of Mac OS X on a blank hard drive. If your hard drive isn't blank, then you can't choose this option.

=Pre-Installation To-Do List= Before you install Tiger, make sure you've done these five simple things.

You don't need to do this if you are doing the Erase and Install option.
 * 1) Printing this Appendix - You can't connect to the Internet while installing Tiger, so it's important that you print this Appendix before installing so you can refer to it as you go. It's very simple to do this; in almost all web browsers, choose File > Print and press the blue Print button in the dialog box that appears.
 * 2) Checking the Weather - Yes, you read that right. You should check the weather before you install Tiger and make sure conditions are good. High winds, snow, or thunder could knock out power to your house, and a power outage during installation is not a good thing.
 * 3) Plugging In - If the computer you're installing Tiger on is a laptop, plug it in, since installing Tiger will consume a lot of power.
 * 4) Repairing Permissions - This trouble-shooting procedure essentially smooths out any wrinkles that may have formed over time in the UNIX underpinnings of your current Mac OS, prepping it for being moved, deleted, or upgraded. The process of repairing permissions is simple and potentially beneficial. To Repair Permissions:
 * 5) Open Disk Utility in the Applications > Utilities folder.
 * 6) Select your internal Hard Drive in the sidebar along the left.
 * 7) Click the "Repair Disk Permissions" button.
 * 8) Enter your administrator credentials.
 * 9) When the repairs are complete, quit the Disk Utility.
 * 1) Backing Up - It's a good idea to back up your important files before installing Tiger. While the chance that something goes wrong during installation is tiny, it's not worth the risk when you can easily back up. Have every user of your Mac burn a copy of their entire Home folder to a CD or DVD before you install, or do it for them. While CD Burning is described in Chapter 4, here's a quick tutorial on backing up a home folder:
 * 2) Open System Preferences' CDs & DVDs pane and make sure that your Mac is set up to "Ask what to do" when you insert a blank CD or DVD (depending which you intend to back up on to).
 * 3) Log into the user you want to back up's account.
 * 4) Insert a Blank CD into your disc drive.
 * 5) Open the Users folder on your main hard drive.
 * 6) Drag the user's home folder onto the Blank CD's icon on the Desktop or in the Finder window's sidebar.
 * 7) Choose "Burn Disc..." from the Finder window and follow the dialog boxes' instructions.
 * 8) Repeat steps 2-6 for all other users.

=Installation=

The Tiger Box
Tiger comes in a little black box with a big chrome "X" logo on the front. Open up the box and take a peek inside. You'll find:

 * The Tiger Disc - A black DVD in a paper sleeve.
 * A Trial Version of iWork - A small gift from Apple, this is Apple's iWork productivity suite, minus the secret code included with the boxed version that keeps it running past 30 days.
 * A card or two advertising some other Apple products.
 * Another card explaining how to buy an AppleCare warranty for Tiger.
 * A hard copy of the license agreement you agree to when you install Tiger.
 * An "Installation and Setup Guide", which is similar to this guide, only not nearly as well-written and helpful.
 * A black "Getting Started" booklet, essentially an illustrated list of new features in Tiger.

Starting the Installer
Take the black Tiger DVD out of its protective paper sleeve and put it in your Mac's DVD drive.

It should appear on your Desktop as a special black disc. The disc contains PDF versions of some of the printed material in the Tiger box, an "Install Mac OS X" application, and a folder called "Xcode Tools".

Double-click on the "Install Mac OS X" application, and the Installer Starter application opens.

Click the Restart button, and your computer will shut down and restart from the DVD in your drive. This is a slow and laborious process due to the fact that CDs spin much slower than hard drives, so don't panic if your computer takes a very long time to start.

The Introduction and License
After selecting a language, the first thing you'll see is a simple welcome page. Click the continue button at the bottom. The next thing you see is the contract you agree to by installing Mac OS X. Read it if you'd like to, press "Continue", and say that you agree. Remember that you have a hard copy of this contract, or "license agreement", which came in the Tiger box.

Choosing a Destination
The next step is choose the volume (disk) you want to install Tiger on. Most of the time, this will be your computer's internal hard drive, which is usually called "Macintosh HD". Click the disk so that it's circled and click the "Options..." button.

Choosing an Installation Type
On this sheet, you must select which type of Installation you wish to perform. The choices were explained at the beginning of this guide.

 * Upgrade Install - If you want to perform an Upgrade Install, make sure that "Upgrade Mac OS X" is selected and click OK. You'll need to be currently running Jaguar or Panther in order to do this, otherwise this option won't appear.

 * Archive and Install - If you want to Archive and Install, select "Archive and Install" from the list. You then must choose whether or not you wish to copy all of your settings into Tiger, which you probably do. Click OK.

 * Basic Install - If you want to perform a Basic Install, select "Install Mac OS X" from the list and press OK. If you already have a copy of Mac OS X on your hard drive, this option won't appear.

 * Erase and Install - If you want to Erase and Install, select "Erase and Install" from the list and press OK. yeah

Customizing the Installation
Now you must choose exactly what gets installed. You have two options: go with Apple's picks, or pick and choose components yourself. We'll assume you want to pick the components yourself, since it's generally worthwhile.

Click the "Customize" button. You'll be given a list of components with checkboxes for toggling each one on and off.

 * Essential System Software - This is the stuff that will be installed no matter what. That includes the Tiger system and all of the extra apps that come with it, like Dashboard and Automator.
 * Printer Drivers - Printer Drivers are the bits of software that let your Mac connect to various printer models. By clicking the flippy triangle next to this item, you'll see specific brands that you can choose to install or ignore. Without printer drivers for a brand, you can't install any of that brand's printers without going hunting on the Internet for drivers. If you're squeezed for disc space, you might want to skip the brands you don't think you'll use, but otherwise, it's generally a good idea to have all of these drivers handy.
 * Additional Fonts - Another good pick, you probably already have these fonts installed in your current version of the Mac OS, although you won't have them under Tiger if you uncheck this box. Fonts take up next to no space, and having a few extra fonts handy will help you spice up your documents and presentations a bit.
 * Language Translations - Clicking the flippy triangle next to this item reveals a list of languages that you can use Tiger in. Removing the translations you think you're least likely to need will save disc space and speed up your installation. Please note, however, that it's fun to try using a computer in an obscure language from time to time, so you may want to leave a few extra translations in just for fun.
 * X11 - This is a tool that lets UNIX nerds run certain graphical UNIX applications under Mac OS X. It isn't covered in this wikibook, and if you don't know what it is, you definitely don't need it.

Leap of Faith
At this point, it's time to make up your mind once and for all.

If you want to install Mac OS X, click "Install" or "Upgrade" (the wording depends on which Installation type you chose). Once you do this, you cannot quit the installer. Make sure that if you have a laptop, it's plugged in. If you don't want to install Mac OS X, you can return to your current Mac OS by choosing "Quit" from the Installer menu in the menu bar, clicking "Startup Disk", choosing your system folder, and clicking "Restart".

Your Mac's Turn
Once you press install, your Mac will get to work on copying, moving, deleting, and modifying all of your system files, slowly building a copy of Tiger on your hard drive. This process takes fifteen minutes to a half hour, so go ahead and make yourself a snack while you wait.

Finishing
When Tiger is finished installing, restart your computer.

=The Setup Assistant= Depending on how you installed Tiger, you may be serenaded by a little program called the "Setup Assistant" when using Tiger for the first time. After the snazzy introduction movie finishes playing, this app will guide you through the process of setting up your Mac.

Setting up Mail
=Post-Installation To-Do List= As soon as your Mac comes to, you'll probably want to explore Tiger's new features immediately. However, you'll have to do two things first.

Run Software Update
Choose  > Software Update to add the latest updated features, bug fixes, and security enhancements to your copy of Tiger.

Remove Previous System
if you chose to Archive and Install, then your old Mac OS is sitting in a folder called "Previous System". Drag this folder into the Trash and empty the Trash to remove your previous OS once and for all.

title: Mac OS X Tiger/Installing Tiger


text:
User:Jphillips66

Eh, I know a little about a lot. I have made all too few contributions, but mainly just formatting clean up and organization, generally in areas of interest to me.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Jphillips66


text:
Orthopaedic Surgery/Musculoskeletal Tumours

 * Introduction
 * Nomenclature
 * Staging of Tumours
 * Evaluation of Tumours
 * Clinical Evaluation
 * Radiological Evaluation
 * Laboratory Studies
 * Biopsy of Tumours
 * Surgical Procedures
 * Adjuvant Therapy
 * Radiation Therapy (link to wiki textbook)

 * Soft-Tissue Tumours
 * Introduction
 * Tumours of Fibrous Tissue
 * Calcifying Aponeurotic Fibroma
 * Fibromatosis
 * Palmar and Plantar Fibromatosis
 * Extra-Abdominal Desmoid Tumour
 * Nodular Fascitis
 * Malignant Fibrous Soft-Tissue Tumours
 * Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
 * Tumours of Fatty Tissue
 * Lipomas
 * Liposarcomas
 * Tumours of Neural Tissue
 * Neurilemmoma
 * Neurofibroma
 * Neurofibrosarcoma
 * Tumours of Muscle Tissue
 * Leiomyosarcoma
 * Rhabdomyosarcoma
 * Vascular Tumours
 * Haemangioma
 * Haemangiopericytoma
 * Angiosarcoma
 * Synovial Disorders
 * Ganglion
 * Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
 * Giant Cell Tumour of Tendon Sheath
 * Synovial Chondromatosis
 * Synovial Sarcoma
 * Other Rare Sarcomas
 * Epitheloid Sarcoma
 * Clear Cell Sarcoma
 * Alveolar Cell Sarcoma
 * Post-Traumatic Conditions
 * Haematoma
 * Myositis Ossificans

 * Bone Tumous
 * Introduction
 * Bone-Producing Tumours
 * Osteoid Osteoma
 * Osteoblastoma
 * Osteosarcoma
 * High-Grade Intramedullary Osteosarcoma
 * Parosteal Osteosarcoma
 * Periosteal Osteosarcoma
 * Chondrogenic Lesions
 * Chondromas
 * Osteochondroma
 * Chondroblastoma
 * Chondromyxoid Fibroma
 * Intramedullary Chondrosarcoma
 * Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
 * Fibrous Lesions
 * Fibrous Lesions
 * Fibrous Lesions
 * Fibrous Lesions
 * Histiocytic Lesions
 * Benign and Atypical Histiocytoma of Bone
 * Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma
 * Notochordal lesions
 * Fibrous Lesions
 * Fibrous Lesions
 * Fibrous Lesions
 * Haematopoietic Tumours
 * Lymphoma
 * Myeloma
 * Multiple Myeloma
 * Solitary Myeloma
 * Osteosclerotic Myeloma
 * Tumours of Unknown Origin
 * Giant Cell Tumour
 * Ewing's Tumour
 * Admantinoma
 * Tumour-Like Conditions
 * Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
 * Unicameral bone Cyst
 * Histiocytosis X
 * Fibrous Dysplasia
 * Osteofibrous Dysplasia
 * Paget's Disease
 * Metastatic Bone Disease
 * Osteomyelitis


text:
Talk:Developing A Universal Religion/Present Day Religions/Christianity

Please note that the text has been modified. (See History page for details.) One of the details removed included the following:

"Almost all of the information we have about Jesus and his life was written by proselytizing followers several decades after his death, and the veracity of the text is considered suspect."

This has been repeated here because it refers to an Endnote.

(Please email me if you would like to be sent a .pdf copy of the original text.)

David Hockey 16:59, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Denominations
I think three branches is really stretching things thin. There are certainly types of Christians who do not fit any of those three categories.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations

List_of_Christian_denominations

Also, there are Christian Denominations that do not believe in the relatively new theological construct of Sin, for instance.

Prometheuspan 03:49, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

The goal of Christianity goes beyond personal transformation
Christianity is different. Christians claim that their leader is alive -- in fact, God. So we do seek personal transformation, but as a byproduct of God's presence. Many Christians content themselves with "being a good person and going to a good place when I die", but misunderstand God's intention.

Although being a "better" person is good, trying to be so based on rules of behavior has failed spectacularly. In fact that is the very core of what is popularly called Phariseeism. Jesus came to put an end to humankind's independence from God. We can't be virtuous apart from ongoing fellowship with God, even if we have an exhaustive (and exhausting) set of rules. The reason is because our inmost being when in rebellion against God's moment-by-moment leadership lacks the power and purity to choose well. Selfishness always reemerges.

The Bible, Christianity's authoritative statement, says that we began in close relationship and ongoing communication with God, acknowledging God's lordship, or mastery. We rejected God's direction and disobeyed, forsaking the place we were designed by God to occupy, and Jesus came to restore us to that place of tremendous priviledge.

Jesus came with the intention not to make us good, but to make us His. Once His, He will personally lead us and then our choices will be transformed. Jesus said, "apart from Me you can do nothing," and "Come to Me . . . take my yoke upon you and learn from Me . . ." indicating a personal partnership with God is essential to God's plan for us.

I've written a small book called The Big Picture that I'm considering submitting that lays out my response as a Christian to the "big" questions. It deals with this more thoroughly.


text:
User talk:Boneheadmx~enwikibooks

Hey boneheadmx, just letting you know that I'm trying to get the economics and intro to economics books deleted, but I'm putting a link to Political Economy on the Economics bookshelf. DettoAltrimenti 17:55, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

The politcal economy module is starting to look pretty good. Let me know if you need any help with it. DettoAltrimenti 18:50, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Unfortunately I don't know much about political economics- actually before I looked it up, I didn't really know what it was. If you'd like to help me out, my plans are pretty much to get rid of these books: Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Introduction to Economics, and Principles of Economics, and consolidate them into 4 new books: Principles of Microeconomics, Principles of Macroeconomics, Microeconomic Theory and Macroeconomic Theory. These 4 books correspond to the 4 most common college economics classes. Before moving any material around, though, I'd like to create some kind of skeleton for the books, and decide exactly what should be included in each book. Apart from that, I'd like to categorize different aspects of economics, and decide which subjects should get an entire book, and which subjects should be included in one book. My ongoing "list" of economic subjects can be foud here: http://dettoaltrimenti.pbwiki.com/FrontPage Any feedback on my list would be greatly appreciated. Thanks, DettoAltrimenti 20:58, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

The cover and contents looks good! You seem to have a knack for knowing the order in which topics should go in a book. Before the new year, I'm going to try and start the 'principles of macroeconomics' book, and pull the information for macroeconomics, intro to economics, and principles of economics. I would really appreciate any help putting the TOC in order and making sure I'm covering all the topics I need to. DettoAltrimenti 18:55, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

hey how do you put the template things you have in your wikipedia profile. like the this person is a drummer thing? --Nemo The Pyro 01:20, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

So....i just copy paste? or get the code from the source...? Sorry, im usually goo dwith computers but this doesnt make sense...oh and btw, how do i sign up for classes? --Nemo The Pyro 05:04, 17 May 2006 (UTC)

Uh huh okay i got that...what about for wikipedia? --Nemo The Pyro 04:59, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

Hi there, my name is Martin M. Elissetche. I'm a PhD student at the University of Maryland and the creator of a social science dictionary located at www.socialsciencedictionry.org. I wanted to know if I could place a copy of your book on my web site or whether you prefer if I just link to it. Please let me know what you think at info@socialsciencedictionary.org. Cheers, m.

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Boneheadmx. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Boneheadmx~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:03, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:40, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Boneheadmx~enwikibooks


text:
Talk:History of Literature

When I came across this book it was only contrasting American literature with literature from Europe. A study of literature through the ages should seek to include literature from all over the world in all of its major forms.

Sorry about all the saves in the history. I keep forgetting I'm not the only one looking at this.

title: Talk:History of Literature


text:
Cookbook:Simple Chocolate Cheese Pie

| Dessert

Chocolate cheese pie is a quick and tasty dessert that's easy to make using simple ingredients.

Ingredients

 * 8 ounces (225 g) cream cheese
 * ¼ cup (60 ml) unsweetened cocoa powder
 * ¼ cup (60 g) powdered sugar
 * 8 ounces (225 g) nondairy whipped topping
 * 1 ready-made graham cracker crumb crust

Procedure

 * 1) Melt the cream cheese, and cool slightly. Transfer to a mixing bowl.
 * 2) Mix in the cocoa powder and powdered sugar.
 * 3) Fold in the whipped topping.
 * 4) Pour mixture into the into ready-made crust
 * 5) Cover and place in a refrigerator/freezer. Remove when solid.
 * 6) Serve.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Fresh fruit, such as blueberries and cherries, make a nice addition.
 * Melted caramel makes a nice touch when drizzled on top.
 * Use fudge or melted chocolate bars in place of the cocoa.

title: Cookbook:Simple Chocolate Cheese Pie


text:
Cookbook talk:Simple Chocolate Cheese Pie

Simple Chocolate Cheese Pie authors and history
= From Wikipedia:Talk:Simple Chocolate Cheese Pie = i need to just delete this page. its said it is in the wrong place and moving it is more of a hassle then it is worth
 * 2005-12-17 11:59:26 User:Jnothman (nomination for deletion)
 * 2005-12-17 11:57:44 User:Jnothman m (rv blanking)
 * 2005-12-16 00:34:07 User:Larquitte m (moved Chocolate Cheese Pie to Simple Chocolate Cheese Pie)
 * 2005-12-16 00:28:44 User:Larquitte m
 * 2005-12-15 22:53:37 User:Sycthos m (move)
 * 2005-12-15 16:38:22 User:Larquitte m
 * 2005-12-15 16:36:07 User:Larquitte m
 * 2005-12-15 16:35:40 User:Larquitte m
 * 2005-12-15 16:35:18 User:Larquitte m
 * 2005-12-15 16:32:45 User:Larquitte m
 * 2005-12-15 16:31:43 User:Larquitte m
 * 2005-12-15 16:30:07 User:Larquitte m
 * 2005-12-15 01:28:12 User:Pagrashtak (template: move to Wikibooks Cookbook)
 * 2005-12-14 18:17:01 User:Larquitte m
 * 2005-12-14 18:16:36 User:Larquitte


text: User talk:84.69.125.196

title: User talk:84.69.125.196


text:
User talk:88.106.248.101

Please stop. If you continue to blank pages, you will be blocked from editing.

title: User talk:88.106.248.101


text: User talk:218.248.11.133

title: User talk:218.248.11.133


text:
User talk:Crucible Guardian~enwikibooks

A-Level Mathematics
Could you indicate which areas of the C1 module you feel need further work? Aleksev 21:22, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Crucible Guardian. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Crucible Guardian~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:06, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:49, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Crucible Guardian~enwikibooks


text:
Concurrent Clean

Concurrent Clean is a general-purpose purely functional programming language. This Wikibook is meant to be a companion Part I of Functional Programming in Clean. "Concurrent" refers to Clean's ability to run the same process on several computers, similar to Ada. The language is often just referred to as Clean.

About Clean

1.1 The Language Reference Manual

The language manual can be found at the Documentation page of the Clean website.

Programming in Clean

2.1 Getting Started

The Clean compiler can be found here. Please register, as requested, though it is not necessary (you can click on "Download clean" on the left.) The .7z package is the quickest to download for Windows programming, if you have 7-zip. Then, get Part I of Functional Programming in Clean; get the 1-up PDF version if you plan to study from the computer.

Unzip the package in the directory of choice, and start the Clean IDE. It will ask to integrate into your operating system (basically, being put into the registry so Windows recognizes it exists); click "Yes." To make a "hello world" program, select File->New File and select your file name, in this case "hello.icl". The file name MUST be the same as the module name. Then, type:

module hello

import StdEnv

Start = "Hello, world!"

The name after "module" must even be the same case as the name hello.icl; Clean is case sensitive, i.e. "start =" doesn't work, "while Start =" does. "import StdEnv" loads the standard library, and is required in every Clean program; other libraries can be loaded as well. Both top lines are implied in Clean source code seemingly lacking them. "Start =" defines what is actually executed.

Now a project must be made. Select File->New Project, and name your project hello.prj, only that will work. After that, click on the hello.icl window so that it is active, and select Project->Set Main Module. Now, on the toolbar, select the Update and Run icon (it looks like a window flying to the right.) It will create a DOS terminal with "Hello, world!" displayed. Press any key to exit.

2.2 Answers to Examples in Functional Programming in Clean, Part I

 * Chapter 1
 * Chapter 2
 * Chapter 3
 * Chapter 4
 * Chapter 5
 * Chapter 6

title: Concurrent Clean


text:
Wikibooks:Study help desk/Archive (March 2005-June 2006)

Question on which template to use on image for copyright
Image in question: File:HornWagnerLongCall.png. I generated this image of this music - do I release this into the public domain (template "PD-self")? Richard Wagner, long dead, has released this into the public domain according to current law - should I use template "PD" instead? Or should I use both templates? Ross Uber 01:54, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Where to report wiki spammers?
221.196.142.68 has spammed 3 sites with commercial links and am not sure  what is the procedure?

 * You can report all vandalism on the vandalism in progress page. If you have time, then you can try dealing with it yourself if you want.  Leave the user a message on their talk page asking them to stop.  If they continue, give them a second, then a third warning.  If they still continue to vandalize after the third warning, then you can report them to an administrator, and they will probably block their IP address. -Frazzydee 16:51, 24 Oct 2004 (UTC)

Stick of Butter
Copied from Cookbook:butter: I don't understand the term sticks for butter, how many grammes or ounces is this?

1 stick butter 	 1/2 cup  	 4 ounces  	 113.4 grams  	 8 tablespoons

http://whatscookingamerica.net/Q-A/BritishEquiv.htm

--Eibwen 20:59, 25 Sep 2004 (UTC) The term 'stick' describes butter and margarine as packaged in the United States: One package is one pound of butter,  wrapped (in waxed paper or just paper, sometimes aluminium foil) in 1/4 pound (4 oz.) blocks, 4-to-a-package, the four blocks or sticks are additionally wrapped in a nice shiny commercial package. The term 'cube' of butter refers to the same (4 oz. weight/8 packed, level tablespoonsfull) of butter as well. We use lots of packaging in the U.S., alas. One advantage to the sticks-type packaging is that there are markings on the side (of the sticks wrapping-paper) that show measurements... to measure 4 tablespoosnfull, one cuts on the line marked 4 tablespoons.Pedant

Dial-by-letter
I have noticed some phone numbers which contain letters, like "1-800-THE-BOOK". What are these numbers and how can I dial them from Europe? It looks like an American custom, right?

Possible answer:

The 1 indicates to a local land line telephone in the US that you would like to use your default long distance carrier to make a call or you can replace the first numeral one with a code for a different long distance carrier. (For my cell phone the 1 is optional because there is only one carrier.) In short, the 1 tells your telephone network that you want to call a land line outside the area code your own cellphone is located in (i.e. long distance call)

The next three numbers are the area code and in your example is "800" which is a special area code meaning that the recipient of the call will pay the toll charges in the U.S. and Canada. Typically businesses pay for an 800 number that is forwarded to one of their regular business lines or to a call center.

The letter system is a standard. There is a picture on wikipedia under telephone. Q and Z are not part of the system but they are on my cell phone. Most european cell phones (mobile phones) have the letters on their number keys, as well as many new land-line phones. (Cell phones need them so you can type in text messages a.k.a. SMS messages)

2 a b c 3 d e f 4 g h i 5 j k l 6 m n o 7 p (q) r s 8 t u v 9 w x y (z)

NOTE: In the US, "0" or Operator was also "Z" on some rotary dial phones.

To dial 1-800-THE-BOOK:

You know it's a US number, so dial the international access code in your country (i.e. the number you have to dial so the network knows you're making an international call. e.g. "00" in Germany, different for other countries), then the country code ("1" for the U.S. (*) ), followed by the area code (city code, but often refers to several cities), which is 800, followed by the numeric equivalent of each letter as described in the previous answer.

(*) Please note that this is a different "1" from the "I'd like to make a long distance call"-1 (long distance prefix). From outside the U.S. you always have to specify an area code, so there's no need for a long distance prefix. Instead, this "1" tells your local telefone network in which country the called phone is located.

THE-BOOK would then be 843-2665

Most 1-800 numbers cannot be dialed from outside the United States, try to find the alternate number. I got this from the Barnes and Noble website:

''Please call 1-800-THE-BOOK (1-800-843-2665) between 7 a.m. and 11 p.m. ET, 7 days a week, and we'll answer your questions. If you are calling from outside the United States, dial 201-272-3651.''

I found that many companies (ATT, for example) have their 800 numbers available locally - i.e., ATT's collect call number here is 1-800-CALL-ATT; in Germany and the Netherlands, it was something similar - a toll-free city code followed by CALL-ATT

I've found that 1-800 numbers work from the UK, but they're not free. In most cases, a female voice (i assume recorded by the carrier such as AT&T) informs you that 'calls to this number may not be free'.

Maybe the reason Barnes & Noble have a different number is because they pay per-incoming-call on the freephone number? James Booker 10:57, 2 Sep 2004 (UTC)

King Lear
What is the source of the devils Edgar makes reference to in King Lear? Is it available online?

They're generally references to Old Testament Devils, I don't quite remember the exact names but some of them at least can be looked up in the Catholic Encylopedia

Self-Help
I have the feeling that there should be some good PD or otherwise reusable self-help references available, not only pre-1915 (some of those are already in Wikibooks) but also by caring people who want to get out the good word; help for addicts, for one. Does anyone know of such resources? Perhaps via a local community center / support group? Sj 22:18, 12 Aug 2004 (UTC)

Music Scores
This may be a MediaWiki question, but I was wondering if it is possible to use lilypond formatting to create music excerpts withing a document similar to how it is possible to do math markup. I found one project, WikiTeX, That seems to have added this functionality onto MediaWiki. Would anyone know if this could be added to WikiBooks? It would make things incredibly easier. Thanks!

 * See: Music markup and http://wikisophia.org/wiki/Wikitex#Music . I have no idea why this is not a standard feature yet (its real neat; click on the sheet music to listen to it!). Respond to my recent Wikitech-l post about this so that the developers know this is important. --mav 06:28, 14 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Inclusion of new public domain material
I am currently writing in the school of philosophy and I would like to include links to classic works which are, no doubt, in the public domain. For example, I would like to include an excerpt from Hesiod's Theogony, translated by Hugh G. Evelyn-White (died 1924). What I would like to know is if I should make a copy of the whole book and include it in wikibooks, or just copy the excerpt, or include a link to an external page where the book can be found. Thank you very much for your attention, (Alex beta 23:47, 27 Mar 2005 (UTC))

 * I'm not certain, but I assume you should copy the whole book into Wikisource, include the excerpt into your book, with a link to the document on wikisource. --Lbs6380 00:51, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you very much, (Alex beta 23:30, 29 Mar 2005 (UTC))

Hosting your own Wiki
Is there a step-by-step guide on how to create and host your own Wiki using MediaWiki software? --206.45.175.211 02:20, 2 Jul 2005 (UTC)

 * Get the latest mediawiki package and unpack it on your webdir. Access your website using the browser and go to the directory on your site where you unpacked mediawiki. It will give you instructions on how to go on. If you have problems, remember that google is your friend...

Centering a heading properly
Headings in the form ==Table of Contents== don't line up with titles in  tags outside of = headings. Is there a way around this, other than the ugly hack of using six &nbsp's? Also, the "Add new question" link above is broken.

Can't these books be offered in an easily downloadable format?
I think it'd be really useful and in the interests of Wikibooks to offer each book as a pdf or text file or ebook or similar with an easy link in the top right of the table of contents of each book or something. Sure its important that people get the most up to date version and to contribute what they can online, but for the essentially complete texts, like the conciousness studies one, I think it'd be a good idea to offer the book as a download

 * Creating PDF's requires some effort. I think the better solution is to make printable versions of books (they're automatically updated) like in How To Build A Computer or Programming:Python. --Derbeth talk 08:59, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * The best solution would be to suggest to the MediaWiki foundation that they update their software to include a "Print this page and all sub-pages" feature. This would allow you to print a book, a unit, a chapter, a section, etc. of any book formatted using the slash convention. The next step would be to allow it to output to .pdf, .odw, or .rtf. Just my 2 cents. --Aaronsama 16:11, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

 * You know, if you let something to be done automatically, many errors may occur. Creating print versions of book does not take long - and you have to take into consideration, that most books don't use slash convention. Also many people think this naming style is not good. I think for practical reasons manual creation of printed versions is the only possiblity. It's not as hard as it looks like. --Derbeth talk 17:26, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

 * For books that don't follow the slash convention, one could create a sub-page for "This book on one Web page." This would be a compound document that transcluded all the other pages, in the order they appear in the TOC, in a form like this:

 * 1) Appendix: GNU Free Documentation License

 * However, it would also be good to put a page break (which would render on the printer, but not on the screen; is there a code for this?) between sub-pages, and suppress module TOCs when they're redundant. Also, this should be done only once the module structure has stabilized, since that is the one type of change that would require a manual update to this page. (However, it would probably be possible to create a bot to make this type of page out of a TOC page, and perform updates.) Seahen 22:04, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Special character input
Why doesn't Wikibooks have a menu at the bottom of the edit page for inserting special characters (diacritic marks, greek/cyrillic letters, etc.) like Wikipedia and Wiktionary do? More importantly, how can I get that feature added? --Aaronsama 16:14, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Done. --Derbeth talk 17:26, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Wow. That was probably my easiest IT experience ever. Thanks! --Aaronsama 20:44, 1 December 2005 (UTC)

Asking a question
Good Morning Staff WiKi-Books,Iam a member of the,WiKipedia group and the Wiktionary group My question is this a place for a book Iam writing Iam on chapter 12# its Called A Wizards Tail.Small parts of my book are on theses two groups of mine that I spoke of the body of the work from one caratior from the book is on my blog site vary highly read by all the reason Iam asking is I do not see a place for wizards or witches stories  that I could fine,   Thank You User]Jackhagrit.

 * Hello and welcome. Wikibooks is not a suitable place for fiction work. As it is written in WB:WIN, we reccomend you Fiction Wikicity. --Derbeth talk 23:45, 4 December 2005 (UTC)

Old Books
Does anyone upload old books whose copyrights has expired or who are in the public domain? If not, why not?

 * Wikisource is proper place for ready books. --Derbeth talk 09:59, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

Setting Up a text on the bookshelf
Once my book/curriculum is ready to go... how do I designate it to a category on the bookshelf... as well... how does one get a category added to the bookshelf... Mfinney
 * You could always just be bold and add it yourself. I'm not sure there is a specific process you have to go through to add a book to a shelf. If you are really worried about it, perhaps just ask on that shelf's talk page. -- LV (Dark Mark) 21:56, 6 December 2005 (UTC)
 * There's a difference between a Category and a bookshelf. See Bookshelves for more. Uncle G 00:23, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

Song
Is it OK to post articles about self-made poet/poem/song lyric in wikibooks? Is this policy also affects/applies on other language of wikibooks? Borgx 01:45, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I am sorry, but Wikibooks is not a place for original research of this type. What is Wikibooks states that Wikibooks is not a free web host. I am sorry. Perhaps one example of a poem in a Literature or Language Studies book. Other than that, I am not sure it will be allowed. Regards, LV  (Dark Mark) 16:04, 13 December 2005 (UTC)

 * By itself, I would have to say no. There is a new project proposal on the Wikimedia Meta Wiki called WikiScores that could use your support if you are interested in this concept.  I especially like the Lilipond proposal as an addition to Media Wiki, which would allow you to edit a score and then have the MediaWiki software generate a PNG file which would display the traditional notation for some music, together with perhaps generation of a Midi file as well.

 * There is no problem if you publish a Wikibook about folk music (keeping in mind the GFDL restriction and that all contributions have copyright clearance) that happens to have perhaps a few original songs as a sort of example, but Lord Voldemort is correct that this is not a forum for simply publishing poetry or music. If you want to write a textbook that covers music theory with some original musical examples to demonstrate styles, that would be not only welcome but encouraged.  Or examples of types of poetry that could be used in a textbook.  Keep in mind that this is much harder to write than you may think to start out with.

 * As far as other language versions of Wikibooks, the policies are very similar but on some of the more obscure languages there may be quite a bit more lattitude (like Tongan or Maori). A critical component there is that Wikimedia projects are also trying to help preserve the linguistic culture of those languages, especially when there are very few speakers.  In those cases, an original composition may be the only way to get content in that language except for translations from other languages.  For more widespread langauges like French or German, you will find Wikibooks (and other Wikimedia project) policies to be very similar to the English websites with just a few exceptions based on cultural issues like the German prohibition of a swastika, or French cultural heritage issues.  --Rob Horning 01:30, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

copying permission?
[No question from anon]
 * Did you have a question about copying Wikibooks? -- LV (Dark Mark) 16:29, 16 December 2005 (UTC)

Help, what online program, course/school or self study books would you have to recommend to me. I am interested in the IT Program and I have read your article. Can I purchase an online course or self study books from Wikibooks? Or do you recommend a local IT tech school. Thank you, Mark Hodgson hodgi63@hotmail.com--152.163.100.195 08:16, 18 December 2005 (UTC)

We are still in the process of trying to set up printed materials here, and this is an ongoing discussion in a number of areas. You can help participate with this discussion on this page: Wikibook Press. With Wikijunior moving towards its final stages of completion on a couple of book modules, including some grant requirements on money already spent that needs a physical printing as one requirement, this is going to be be done sooner than later, most likely some time in the early part of 2006.

As far as "purchasing" an on-line course covering something from Wikibooks, you are free to do that without charge and can freely copy anything with no restriction, as long as you follow the requirements of the GNU Free Documentation License. This is a general license very much similar in philosophy and spirit to the GNU General Public License that is used by computer software like the GNU/Linux operating system, and you don't even have to tell us if you are using it, although a quick note to the author is generally appreciated, especially for things like Wikibooks where we really don't know who is using the stuff we have written. Everything here on Wikibooks has been written entirely by volunteers who simply love learning and education for learning's sake, and have some unique knowledge they want to share with the rest of the world. I hope that you enjoy your experience here on Wikibooks. --Rob Horning 03:02, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Can someone use this photo?
Hi I'm new to here, mainly on the en and commons wikipedia's, but I've got a great cut out which I think would work really well with a kids book. I have a fully layered PSD file as well which can be used to make a cover or something in a Reptiles book. Anyway thanks, --Fir0002 08:01, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I am not aware of any current Wikibook that could use this photo. However, storing it on Commons is a good way to make the photo available to Wikibooks.

 * Here is a suggestion: Commons:Image:Pobblebonk cutout.jpg is only categorised in Commons:Category:GFDL. Try searching Commons to for a category or gallery with similar images, and put your frog there. That way, it will be easier for other users to find this frog when they want one. --Kernigh 18:42, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Can I add photos of objects?
If I go to a museum, and take a photograph of one of their paintings or sculptures, can I post that photograph? If I visit an archaeological or historical site and take photographs, can I add those photos to the Wiki Commons or to a Wikibook? Or does the institution or organization retain rights to control printed reproductions of the objects and locations? Andrew Watt 14:12, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

''I got an answer to my own question over on the Commons. No, I probably can't add phots of paintings or sculptures, and while I can add pictures of public views of important buildings, I probably can't take photos of buildings or ruins within an archaeological site or a historical but open-air museum. Institutions seem to retain some reproduction rights over materials in their collections.'' -Andrew Watt 10:32, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

Ethical cooking
Is it ethical for wikibooks to list recipe for cooking unusual meat?Midori-me 02:30, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

 * There has been some very heated discussions about this issue in the past on the Votes for deletion page, particularly for things like Placenta and Human flesh. My own opinion on this is that they should not be in Wikibooks, but that is something that is best saved on the VfD (Votes for Deletion) page to express the specifics of that thought.  If you think something is inappropriate for Wikibooks, please read Deletion policy and try to follow the various suggestions on that policy page.  Even though it is written as a suggested policy, it is pretty much the current procedure for getting things accomplished here on Wikibooks.  We try to discuss things like this as a community and attempt to remove controvercial content when it comes up.  Another place to look for guidelines on something like this is What is Wikibooks, which is often cited during VfD discussions.  You can also bring this to the attention of the Wikibooks community at the Staff Lounge.  --Rob Horning 04:20, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Separate accounts
I recently got a wikipedia account...do i need a separate wikibooks account? Can't the be under the same one? 70.26.230.177 15:46, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * No, unfortunately you have to register for a new account here at Wikibooks. You can use your same name from Wikipedia if it is available though. For example, I use the same name here and at WP. A lot of us do. It's just easier that way. Hope this helps. Cheers. -- LV (Dark Mark) 16:30, 28 December 2005 (UTC)
 * There is some discussion at http://bugzilla.wikimedia.org/ which is the best place to send requests for changes to the underlying MediaWiki software (which this sort of request would definitely require). Try to search for an existing bug report and add a "vote" to increase its priority, or simply add a new bug request if you can't seem to find it.  There are some developers who will help you find a similar bug report and try to merge them together if you are having difficulty trying to find your way around the site.  Discussion about trying to have a common login for all Wikimedia accounts has been discussed for some time, and there are good and bad things about having it come together, along with some technical issues like multiple people having the same user name but on seperate projects and deciding who "gets" the common account after the merger.  The #1 problem right now is simply to get somebody to write the software that would create a common database for all Wikimedia projects, which is proving to be tougher than it would first seem.  For now, most people who are active on multiple projects simply use the same user name to keep things simple when possible.  --Rob Horning 01:25, 29 December 2005 (UTC)
 * 57 -- I voted for it. There are now 77 votes, I am "xkernigh" --Kernigh 17:58, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

Providing a PDF version of a book.
People are beginning to modify the text of Religions And Their Source (and maybe some of the companion Parts to the series). This is great and was hoped for.

However, differing opinions are replacing original statements and making some parts difficult to follow. When I, or another reader/administrator (thanks again, kwhitefoot) find them, we can move appropriate parts of the additions to the discussion page (and leave a note saying that this has been done). This may become too time-consuming to continue, and the series may become useless as a text to promote discussion and learning if this is not continued. (I have placed a note on the Introduction pages of the series asking for opinions to be placed in the discussion page, but this is not being done.)

Those who want to follow the basic justification for the facts and ideas presented may like to read the original, unmodified, version of the text. I have a PDF version of this. Is it possible and permissible, for this PDF version to be offered by Wikibooks? If yes, then can someone tell me what to do to make it accessible. Thanks. David Hockey 14:58, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * How much space does PDF version occupy? I think if it is reasonably large, there would be no problem with uploading it to Wikibooks. Click "Upload file", upload PDF and link to it using  [[Media:filename.pdf]]  (haven't used it but should work). BTW, how did you create this PDF version? If you did it manually, you might want to read Help:Print versions to learn how to create automatically-updated print version. --Derbeth talk 20:10, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Derbeth. I tried what you wrote and I think that it worked. This is what I used: PDF file. But I see that an Adobe logo was included in the file page. Presumably Adobe includes that automatically. Is this image likely to cause trouble, or do they want people to include it?  (The PDF file is just over 1.3MB. I made the PDF file using Adobe Distiller about three years ago to send the book to the printer.) David Hockey 21:11, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * One thing: don't link to PDF like this:  [[Image:file.pdf]] . This causes entire PDF to be downloaded when loading this page ;-) Use  Image:file.pdf  - this will link to description page - or  [[Media:file.pdf]]  for direct download link.
 * And PDF icon - it is automatically generated by MediaWiki software, so no problem. --Derbeth talk 22:09, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Again, thanks, Derbeth. I have made the change. (And I am relieved that the PDF icon is put in by MediaWiki.)
 * One last thing. When I click through to the PDF Image page and then click on the file it either comes back with:
 * “The page cannot be displayed,” or nothing, although the Windows flag in the top right corner begins waving (and continues to do so, even through a full game of Spider Solitaire). I assume that this is because someone at Wiki is working with files, and will try again in a few hours.  David Hockey 14:54, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * For me, everything works fine. You must have met some temporary server problems. --Derbeth talk 18:57, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes. The PDF file downloads OK if I use another computer. Thanks. David Hockey 01:06, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

can i write information from book i purchased to make it available to all
Hello .I first like to appreciate your efforts for making books available to those who cannot purchase.I would like to contribute by adding information from books I purchased.for example I got Software Engineering book by roger pressman with me. Can I write the information in that book here so that persons who cannot purchase it can read it here?. It would be very much useful to persons in need.

 * You cannot repeat exactly what is written there, but you can use information from this book to write your own work. --Derbeth talk 19:22, 3 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Try to read up on the concept of Fair-Use. The best thing you can do is to perform scholarly research, including making references to earlier books like the one that you mentioned.  That is called a citation, and is encouraged as a matter of fact.  If you have ever written a term paper for a class report, try to keep the citations at a similar sort of standard.  If the text you are referring to is available under a copyleft license, you can add the whole text into Wikisource, but it seems unlikely given the history of the textbook publishing industry, and specifically that particular author.  Keep in mind that ideas can't be copyrighted (well... as long as the judge understands copyright in that manner).  If you express the idea from a textbook like this in a new way, that is considered an original composition. --Rob Horning 15:07, 4 January 2006 (UTC)

sebab-akibat
Can you explain for me about sebab-akibat?? What that mean and when we can use these words? Thank you for the answer.

 * I'm not entirely sure of what you are talking about. I did find this short explanation here: Wikt:id:Wiktionary:Klasifikasi Tesaurus, but I don't speak that language.  Any other takers on trying to translate these words and put them into a cultural context?  --Rob Horning 17:32, 10 January 2006 (UTC)

Heat Treatment
i m mech engr. n working as heat treatment engr, i m doing working on case hardening (Cyaniding). but unfortunately i m not getting the result. material is SCr4, req case depth is 0.5 ~ 0.8mm, bath temp is 900Ċ, given time 3hrs, hardness req HRC 58~62 on case and 45~55 on core, bath's chemical composition is 30% NaCN, 40%Na2CO3, 30% NaCl,

I have test for checking the case depth from lab, the result comes, "FULL HARD NO CASE DEPTH FOUND" i have hardened the material 5 times on different temperatures, (800 ~ 920Ċ) but every time the result come "FULL HARD NO CASE DEPTH FOUND" PLEASE HELP ME —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 80.92.52.205 (talk • contribs) 20:29, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

English as a Foreign Language
Hi:

I would like to produce an interactive course to learn English as a Foreign Language. Because I work with multimedia and in order to make use of all these fantastic possibilities I was wondering if wikibooks provides the alternative to upload swf files, mov and flv files, apart from images and sound. Thank you. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Mrossetti (talk • contribs) 20:24, 21 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Because it is not a PNG, GIF, JPG, or SVG image, what you probably want to use is Wikimedia Commons. Commons is a repository of free (like GNU Free Documentation License) images and other multimedia, for use in all Wikimedia projects, including English Wikibooks. You upload to Commons, and it works as if you uploaded to every Wikimedia project.

 * However, Commons seems to only allow ogg files (see http://www.xiph.org). So I was surpised to find a MIDI file, File:wikinewstop.mid. I am posting to Commons:Project:Village pump to ask Commons if they allow swf, mov, or flv. Note, however, that you should use NO file formats with patents in the United States - this means that MPEG is not allowed, because we do not want to force users to pay MPEG licensing fees. --Kernigh 01:31, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I found Commons:Project:File types, which says what to use. Ogg is on the list, but swf, mov, and flv are not. If you want to use them, they compress reasonably, and they are not encumbered by US patents, then maybe you should ask the Commons:Project:Village pump. --Kernigh 01:47, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

"Open-content" vs. "free"?
Why does Wikibooks refer to itself as open-content, rather than free as does Wikipedia? I think free is clearer as well as more striking. If you don't buy that argument, I think we should follow the convention set by Wikipedia. Anyway, any insight into how it got that way, and/or how to go about changing it? --Tetraminoe 08:21, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Our motto in the logo is already "Think free. Learn free." though this is wrong and should be changed to "Think freely. Learn freely.". --Kernigh 20:39, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * But it would be too long then. I'm not free software or free-something fanatic, so open vs. free is irrelevant problem for me. But I wonder if "fee books" would explain newcomers what Wikibooks is. If you think so - no problem, change "open content" to "free". --Derbeth talk 22:32, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * If Wikipedia is the free encyclopedia, and Wikinews is the free news site... But I'll admit that "free" and "open content" are mixed pretty, well, freely. But I still think "free" is more consistent as well as better. --Tetraminoe 11:57, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I would personally prefer Open-content to Free. I think the terminology is best understood with respect to software, and thats where the concept really took off. Often to retain interest in their products, companies offer older versions free and charge a fee for their latest/newest versions. The software, old or new, is not available for tinkering, and that makes it proprietary. They retain the copyright!! On the other hand, most of linux-based software or all of wikipedia/wikibooks is open-content, and therfore subject to modifications by anyone. One of the criteria for modifying the content is to keep it open-content and that forms the basis for GFDL - the copyleft concept! Therefore material that is free need not be open-content but that which is open-content is necessarily free. This made me realise that contents in both wikipedia and wikibooks are open-content and not just free.

 * BDB 14:41, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Jokebooks
Werent there jokebooks on this site?

 * The big Cheese in charge of all of the Wikimedia projects didn't like the Jokebook as a Wikibook. It has been renamed currently, but I reconnected the redirect of Jokebook to get you back there.  This has been in an ongoing discussion within the Wikibooks community about what to do with this particular Wikibook, and I suspect more changes are going to happen with that particular Wikibook for the moment.  --Rob Horning 17:09, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Where To Put
I'm trying to find the category to put my new Wikibook Football (Soccer). Where shall I put it? I'm confused. Please help. --Mastermind 007 13:48, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Maybe ? --Derbeth talk 13:59, 28 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I did not see this thread, but I put the book in and Category:Games. --Kernigh 19:17, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

Will files uploaded here automatically be placed on Commons?
I upload a LOT of photos here at wikibooks, and on alot of them i go and ask the owners for license permission, so i would really like the work i do to be available to all the projects. Will the files I upload here be placed in the commons database automaticaly or do I need to upload them there as well?

—Basejumper123

 * No, no, no, please never ever upload any images both to Commons and any other project. If you want an image to be re-used, upload it to commons and mark with NowCommons all local copies. Image on Commons is simply available everywhere, so there is no need to waste server space for redundant copies on Wikibooks. And, of course, if you upload images to Wikibooks, they are not uploaded to Commons. You have to enter Commons site (and create there an account if your still haven't). --Derbeth talk 07:35, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

 * There is a cleanup project to move images that are under a free license (Creative Commons or GFDL) to Commons, but that is going to take manual intervention, and not done automatically. Your help is welcome to sort these images out and to move them to Commons if you have time.  --Rob Horning 01:44, 16 February 2006 (UTC)

PDF files
How can i place pdf files inside a text as a picture? (I want to use worksheets that I design, and to add tests and other teacher resources to the end of my project Introduction to Physical Science) --Basejumper123 23:13, 11 February 2006 (UTC)

Question
Is this site a reliable an edited one?
 * Your question does not make gramatical sense, but if you are asking if this site is reliable the answer is (for the most part) YES. Although all research, writing, editing, and administration is voulenteer work, this site is protected from truly nonsensical content by the sysops and beauracrats. The work here is baseline passable. Work that is unnacebtable to the wikibook standards are deleted or cleaned up. Access is open to all who do not abuse the privilage of open content. Please proofread your questions in the future. If you are a native speaker of another language, you may ask questions on the board in other languages.

--Basejumper123 00:12, 18 February 2006 (UTC)

Contents Bar
Hy there,

this site uses a Contents Bar.

How can i create one of those ?

Miguel Albano

 * Very good question. This Wikibook is using a template to add this bar.  To see how that is done, look at  for more details.

 * Writing templates can be tricky because there are some more unique syntax issue that go into them which are beyond the scope of basic editing here. For some further in depth content about template writing, see meta:Help:Template

 * Still, these templates are pretty cool, and add some good eye candy to pages, making it easier for people reading the content to know what else is available. There are many different styles to do this, so look around on Wikibooks to get an idea on how to do this.  --Rob Horning 13:22, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Where to put my book?
What bookshelf does my book Coding Divert Sockets belong in? --ness

 * In an attempt to help out new users...especially as Wikibooks grows and the difficulty increases in deciding exactly where a new Wikibook ought to be put in various categories, I created the Card Catalog Office to help with the classification of new books. Ultimately I want to see all new Wikibooks put in a simple request for classification and a team of volunteers who like to classify stuff to go through the effort of adding a Wikibook to the various bookshelves, with cross references as appropriate.  This whole project is just starting, however, and we are not quite prepared to deal with all of the requests that are likely to come that way at the moment.

 * For the moment, I would likely suggest the Information technology bookshelf if this is going to be more hardware oriented or perhaps Computer software bookshelf under the Linux sub-section if this is just an API documentation book. At the moment, we suggest the original authors try to do a best fit for these books at the moment, but the bookshelves are often in flux with content moving from one to the other.  We are also trying to do Library of Congress classification as well as Dewey Decimal for subject grouping, but that is going to be another very interesting effort by itself.  Thanks for your interest. --Rob Horning 18:55, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

bending moment
A beam carries a mass of 180kg at its center of 2.5m with a maximum bending moment not exceeding 90KN/m.Calculate its mass in tonnes--Adex walex 08:34, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

 * This problem is poorly worded and probably incomplete. A specified maximum bending moment probably has no relation to the beam's actual mass in tonnes unless you specify a handbook, regulatory requirement or engineering safety factor with which to size the beam.   I suggest you add a freebody diagram to explain the problem adquately, better define your nomenclature and vocabulary, and place it the engineering help desk at Wikiversity:School of Engineering:Help Desk.  Lazyquasar 22:28, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

future of fuel cell and adsorption techiniques
hi i am interested to know which field is having a greater scope in the coming future.whether it is the fuel cell or the adsorption technology.

 * There are so many factors that go into a question like this that you really can't come up with a difinitive answer. I have seen technologies with a huge potential, such as VRML, go totally bust due to either a mistake in the way it was implemented, lousy marketing, or legal difficulties that keep it from getting developed completely.  Video Laser Discs are another example that didn't take off as a mass consumer product until it was retooled as a DVD with considerable thought into how it would be put together and getting the significant interested parties agreeing on what the real requirements were.  Fuel cells are definitely in this situation right now, as even the application of fuel cell technology is being debated right now.  Is it going to power automobiles?  Cell phones? Houses?  And what fuel is it going to use?  Hydrogen?  Natural Gas (aka Methane)?  Alcohol?  Gasoline? (yes, that is being discussed by some fuel cell researchers.)

 * To answer a question like this, you also need to pare down the question to what is really being asked here. There are energy collection and energy distribution issues related to what the future is going to bring with this as well, including vested interests that may or may not want to see significant changes in the current energy distribution infrastructure as well.  This is where a legal framework needs to be considered as government entities who support one technology over another are going to see different rates of progress for a giving tech as it is being researched.  And it is possible that something like fuel cell research could be overshadowed by yet another energy production technology in the future, like a successful consumer-grade fusion cell or even more exotic energy production ideas like a practical zero-point energy cell (in theory something like a D-cell battery that could power your house, car, and everything you could use for an entire lifetime.)

 * If I had to make a guess, I would suggest as an approach to this topic to instead look at where the money is being spent. Discount heavily government spending and concentrate on energy production techniques that require private investment alone avoiding any goverment spending.  And especially look for changes in R&D spending for that technology compared to itself, not the rest of related energy concepts.  It is not a perfect method, but generally people are only going to be putting their money into something they feel is going to have a realistic chance of making some money back.  Time has also shown that the people who really make money off of a technology are not those who take the first steps, but usually groups that sees the mistakes made by those who came before and come in a little bit later... just not too much later.  This can be either a new start-up or an established company, although start-ups tend to have more flexability.  --Rob Horning 11:27, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

Bookshelfing
How exactly do I add a book to a bookshelf? I'm just curious, mainly. Eagleguy125 22:40, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm actually in the middle of trying to build an infrastructure to get this accomplished. By far the best way to get started after you have created a new Wikibook is to add the book to Template:New, which will get the attention of the rest of the Wikibooks regulars that you have created this Wikibook.  This also acts as an advertisement on the main page to hopefully bring other people who are interested in this topic into your new book projects.

 * Ideally, once the book has been added to this list of new Wikibooks, there will be a group of people who like to catalog stuff that would go and put this new Wikibook onto the proper bookshelf and classify the Wikibook. At the moment we are still lacking in people who are interested in doing this task (at least in large numbers) so you may have to go through the effort of adding it to a bookshelf yourself.  To do this, find the bookshelf that you think is most appropriate for the content you are writing, and add it to the list.  This is a case of helping to be bold and simply make changes around here because it is useful and needed.  I know that is intimidating for a new user, which is why we are trying to make it easier.

 * One other approach that you can do is to add the template markup tag of   somewhere inside of the main page of your Wikibook.  This automatically adds this Wikibook to Category:Not linked Wikibooks, which is monitored by the administrators of Wikibooks and alerts interested helpers for Wikibooks to put the book on a bookshelf.  This may take a couple of weeks before your book is put on a shelf, but it will eventually happen once this template has been put onto your project.

 * If you are really interested in helping out with classifying Wikibooks and help organizing the bookshelves on a larger level, I would recommend that you get involved with the Card Catalog Office, which will eventually be the central place to both search for and classify Wikibooks onto bookshelves. --Rob Horning 02:24, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

How do I go back older version
I am newbie, (self evident in the question lol) I made a change to a table of content and then when I pressed on the link, the content or text was gone? So how do I get it back. I tried FAQ bud did not seem to find my answer. I can get to history but don't se a revert link.

What I did to fix my blunder was to go back in history find the content and then copy and past into newly titled page.

I also tryed to find info on changing location and name of pages or moduels but the FAQ with that title was blank?

The book I am working on is "go" in games. I added "Foundational concepts:" I then was going to add content to what was already existing but that vanished.

I tried irc chat but the I could not connect through ezchat for firefox always an error.--Mystic Philosopher 19:00, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Ok I figured it out you press on "move" tab when you want to change a name. Why did I not see that before? Lol Oh well at least things are ok now. Hay I am learning as I go. --Mystic Philosopher 20:47, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Unlike with some wiki software, MediaWiki does not give you a revert link. However, you can revert pages using the following procedure. --Kernigh 16:42, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Go to the history. For example, [ history of Wikibooks:Sandbox].
 * Click on the date of an old version, such as "05:31, 25 March 2006". You are now looking at the old version.
 * Click "edit this page". You will see: WARNING: You are editing an out-of-date revision of this page. If you save it, any changes made since this revision will be lost.
 * In the "Summary" field, type a reason like "revert vandalism" or "revert mistake" or "rv". This is to tell other users (who see the history) that you are doing a revert.
 * Click "Save page".

 * Remember, when you look at an old version, and click "Edit this page", it shows you the old version, allowing you to save it again. --Kernigh 16:42, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Organic Chemistry
I WANT COMPLETE INFORMATION ABOUT BASIC CONCEPTS USED FOR ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.LIKE CONJUGATION HYPER CONJUGATION & TAUTOMERISM. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 202.87.99.74 (talk • contribs) 12:49, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

 * The Organic Chemistry book might be difficult to navigate, but tautomerism is mentioned in their "Ketones and Aldehydes" chapter. --Kernigh 16:48, 29 March 2006 (UTC)

Top 1000 SCIENTISTS
I was regularly referring to this book. I am a science teacher. I see it has been deleted. May I ask the reasons. JS 10th April

See Talk:Top 1000 Scientists from the begining of time to 2000 AD by Philip Barker. --Hagindaz 08:48, 11 April 2006 (UTC)

I looked through the list, and the talk page is gone PCU123456789 (talk) 00:43, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

math book titles matching their immediate category name
if, for example, i wish to add a new book on algebraic number theory entitled "Treatise on algebraic number theory", am i obligated to put it under a certain sub-category of 'mathematics', such as 'number theory'?

also, it is confusing for me to encounter a book named after a category, such as a book entitled 'number theory' or 'algerba', when most printed books do not have titles that exactly match their subject category!

so, to summarise, my questions are two-fold:

 * 1) do i have to put a book under a certain agreeable categorical structure?
 * 2) why are almost all math books that i have encountered in wikibooks have their titles as same as the immediate category name they belong?  eg. a book entitled 'A-level mathematics' belonging to 'A-level mathematics'.
 * --Mmmooonnnsssttteeerrr 03:21, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I am convinced that there is no one perfect cataloging system, especially for books. In part because of this, I'm trying to go through and even establish a reasonable cataloging system for all of the Wikibooks, but first I have to identify what content has already been written.  I thought that was going to be an easy task, but it has proven to be a much harder task to accomplish than I originaly thought.  How we are going to catalog Wikibooks is currently up for debate, and a few different systems are being proposed, most of which are based on our current bookshelf system.  This was a very flat cataloging system, and has broken down due to the growth and size of Wikibooks, including the "addition" of the "department" level to our bookshelf system.  However this is still largely in flux.  If this bookshelf system is a mess, the categories on Wikibooks are much worse off and in a dire need of practically a complete overhaul.

 * Little thought has gone into the full depth on how we are going to use categories, although categories have been used for both within individual books, such as the Cookbook and how it uses categories, as well as trying to catalog the "front page" of each Wikibook to some sort of consistant category scheme. These have been thrown into sometimes whimsical categories, and not really grouped together in a logical and consistant manner, just as you have pointed out.  Some of these categories have been established like the Category:A-level by a group that has a specific goal in mind for some of the content here on Wikibooks, and trying to tailor the needs of their particular school system for the content in one of their Wikibooks.

 * I know this isn't the answer that you were looking for, but the point is that we need some volunteers to help out with this task here on Wikibooks, and any assistance to trying to find a solution and answer is greatly appreciated. There are some interested Wikibooks participants who want to deal with this issue, so I think there will be some more clear guidelines in the future.  --Rob Horning 12:41, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

how to sort search results by word count?
how to sort search results by most to least number of words?

--Mmmooonnnsssttteeerrr 03:32, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

 * You might want to look at Special:Specialpages, and in particular look at the following search pages:

 * Special:Shortpages
 * Special:Longpages
 * Special:Ancientpages
 * Special:Newpages

 * I will warn you however, going to the extremes of Wikibooks in this manner is not going to give you very much interesting content, as these pages are mainly used to identify problem modules rather than being used to actually find something interesting to read. Still, if this is what you are looking for, here it is.  --Rob Horning 13:20, 16 April 2006 (UTC)

Everquest Wikibook moved for no reason
The Everquest wikibook was moved for absolutely no reason, to an unofficial site. Why was this done, and why is the person who did this an admin? He or she is abusing their power and this move was completely unnecessary.
 * It's not a textbook. New policies around these here parts. Sorry. -- LV (Dark Mark) 00:16, 18 May 2006 (UTC)

 * It is too bad that such a harsh attitude was presented for this user. If there is a legitimate reason why you don't think something should have been deleted, but it was, users should be pointed to the Votes for undeletion page and recommend that they plea their case for undeletion to the Wikibooks community.  This includes arguing over the value of some particular content as a textbook or not, or if it might have violated other policies as well.  Or to suggest ways to make something more "textbook" like.  --Rob Horning 12:47, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I wasn't trying to be harsh... but when people come around shouting "admin abuse", "desysop them", and the like, I am less likely to react in a coddling way. But yes, they should have been pointed to VfU from the module page... Sorry. -- LV (Dark Mark) 21:20, 16 June 2006 (UTC)
 * and now strategywiki is down (for two days now). what can be done now?--Kajolus 07:41, 11 July 2006 (UTC)
 * I won't belabor this point, but I think I can say "see, I told you so!" Moving the content to an external wiki has its own problems, and it was done too quickly without really thinking through the issues or if the Strategy Wiki was necessarily the best place to put it.  Please make a request for undeletion page and raise this issue again to note that there is value to this sort of content.  Potentially we could undelete the content even temporarily and allow you to move the content to yet another Wiki that might prove to be more stable, like Wikia, even if it shouldn't be permanently on Wikibooks.  --Rob Horning 12:20, 11 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you Rob, I just put it up for the vote.--Kajolus 15:42, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

Character attacks from One Piece
There was recently a traswiki of this information from wikipedia as preferable wikibook material. It was deleted around a brief timeframe a few days ago, most likely speedied. Why was this module speedied..? And without any previous discussion prior to said deletion..? -K' 20:07, 19 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Wikibooks is not for Wikipedia's leftovers. It is a place for textbooks. Not just anything WP doesn't want. If you want it back, I can move it to your userspace. Just let me know. -- LV (Dark Mark) 14:38, 20 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Answer the question. Why was this article speedied..? No policy page restricts against the transwiki of information to its proper project. The ineptitude demonstrated by the lack of any discussion on a talkpage, much less a proper notification validates this deletion as extremely ill-concieved. Your evasion of the question is surprising and something I did not appreciate.-K' 19:03, 20 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry, no need to get worked up though. You stated it came from Wikipedia. Well, it shouldn't have. It was incorrectly sent here. Nothing "restricts against the transwiki of information to its proper project", however, WB is not the proper project. Wikibooks is for textbooks. It is not just a storehouse for random lists of information. It isn't just for anything WP sends us. We do control our own content. Things that violate What is Wikibooks may be deleted. I didn't evade any question. Again, if you would like a copy, just let me know and I can move it to a space of your own. Thanks. -- LV (Dark Mark) 02:08, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not worked up in the least. If the purpose of deletion is a incorrect transwiki, then a note should have been posted. That is not outlined in the speedy deletion criteria. I would probably support a proper deletion of this module, but that's not germane to this conversation. -K' 14:51, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

Strange question

 * 1) My question is that how do i becme a Wikiversity student . Suppose i want to be a part of School of Engineering. How do i do that.
 * 2) Secondly what is a user talk page and watchlist.
 * I would be highly greatful to all those who are going to help me in the above two questions
 * Thanking you sincerely,
 * Deepu 00.02 20 May 2006 (UTC)
 * For (1) I don't think wikiversity is taking students yet, but I could well be wrong. You might have better luck asking at Talk:Wikiversity
 * For (2) (a) a user talk page is the "discussion" page for a particular user. If you have an account on wikibooks, you can get to your own user talk page by clicking the "my talk" link in the upper right hand corner. If you want to look at other users' talk pages, you can usually click their name in a signature, then select "discussion" from the menu at the top of the page. (Also, you can correctly sign your name using four tildes, like this ~ )
 * For (2) (b) a watchlist is a way for you to monitor changes to specific pages. If you have an account on wikibooks, you can add items to your watchlist by clicking "watch" from the menu at the top of the page. You can get to your watchlist by clicking "my watchlist" from the upper right of the page.
 * Kellen T 17:53, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

wikiversity

 * 1) is the wikiversity a fairly new establishment on wikipedia?
 * 2) how do i become a student and become engaged in courses?
 * -- —The preceding unsigned comment was added by anonymous (talk • contribs).

 * I don't think wikiversity is taking students yet, but I could well be wrong. You might have better luck asking at Talk:Wikiversity Kellen T 17:58, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Responding to this from somebody who has been on Wikibooks for some time:
 * Wikiversity is not really that new of a project. It has been going in one form or another for about two years now, although all of that as a sub-project on Wikibooks.  See Wikiversity and if you really care to, look at the history tab to see how long ago the first edits really were.
 * As far as becoming a student, there have been a couple of courses that were started on Wikiversity with a teacher/student model being used and instruction being offered, usually through either e-mail or IRC channels. These unfortunately have been done on a completely ad-hoc basis and are more the exception rather than the rule at present with Wikiversity.  Right now most of the effort for Wikiversity is going into the organization aspects of it, and trying to present a formal proposal to the Wikimedia Foundation board to become a full Wikimedia sister project.  In one of the largest user interst surveys done to date, it was accepted by the body of Wikimedia users but has hit some serious red tape in terms of obtaining the final approval.  I think there is some value to this in the sense that the mission of Wikiversity is being clarified and (hopefully) Wikiversity won't go through the headaches that Wikibooks is currently facing in terms of its mission.
 * I believe that Wikiversity, once fully established and promoted, will become a huge run-away success. Stay in touch and watch Wikiversity receive its formal launch some time this summer.  There will be Wikiversity classes being taught this fall.  --Rob Horning 04:29, 3 June 2006 (UTC)

 * While we're at it. Wikiversity is linked to Wikibooks and has nothing to do with Wikipedia apart from the fact they're both run by the Wikimedia Foundation. Wikipedia is it's best known project, but that doesn't mean it precedes over all other wiki projects in either the Wikimedia Foundation or elsewhere. Please see Wiki and Wikipedia to see the difference between the two. - 131.211.210.16 12:35, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

audio books
Hi,

after a brief search I can find no mention of audio books.

Is there a section which is available for audio books?

Is there any ongoing (or should there be) an ongoing project to create audio books from the written for those with reduced site, those who want to learn something while commuting, or those who wish to hear a book for, say, language learning reasons?

update
well after some more searching - I found an article where wikinews interviews Hugh McGuire about librivox - so it looks like someone is already doing something like this - it would be good if they cooperate with wikibooks as well. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by anonymous user (talk • contribs).

 * One thing to keep in mind here is that if you see a need, like making printed versions of Wikibooks (PDFs) or audio books, help us by creating the content. Things like this don't get created spontaneously, but need somebody to actually hunker down and make it.  Wikinews in particular has been in the forefront of creating audio content, where there was even some talk about creating a 24-hour Wikinews broadcast channel of Wikinews stories.  That may happen in the future still.  As for audio Wikibook, you might want to help us out by creating something like PDF Versions that instead is for audio books.  I would recommend that you use .ogg (Ogg Vorbis) files simply because you don't have the patent issues of MP3s.

 * This is a cool idea, but it won't happen unless you are willing to help us out. --Rob Horning 12:03, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Abusive Article
How does one report an abusive article?

The following article, Wifi:Building an antenna, has no content, only a list of links to a site that is itself berift of content, cantaining not much more that advertising links.

It appears to be an attempt to co-opt WikiBooks to drive click-through advertising revenue.

 * Thanks for report, this was a simple spam, I reverted it. --Derbeth talk 19:04, 5 June 2006 (UTC)

RSS Feed for an entire book
Is it possible to either browse recent changes for an entire book and/or get an RSS feed for an entire book? I'm basically looking to setup a watchlist for the entire book's namespace. Alternatively, is it possible to filter the top level Recent Changes by namespace (i.e. only show Programming:WebObjects and below)?
 * No, there is no possibility of an RSS feed, but you can use Related changes function. --Derbeth talk 11:18, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

Wikibooks: Wikijunior: Wikiprimary?
As an elementary school teacher, I am always looking for resources that are well-written, engaging, content-rich, non-fiction that is written for K-2 readers.

How would I go about starting a project like this? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by MarvyMommy (talk • contribs).

 * I would recommend that you simply try to start a brand new Wikibook that would demonstrate the idea you would like to start up. Perhaps it can be folded into Wikijunior or be something entirely different like the Wikiprimary that you are suggested.  To do this, please read Help:How to start a book, that goes into some depth about the process of writing a whole new Wikibook.

 * One problem that I've seen by my particiation on Wikijunior is that dropping the grade level down to early reading levels is quite difficult for many adults, and K-2 grade levels I would imagine is especially difficult. It can be done, but this is a gift for prose that does require some extra work, and writing even a couple of sentances for this age group can be from my perspective just as difficult as writing a whole page of content for adults.

 * Having a child going into kindergarten this fall, I would appreciate as well the ability to give my daughter the chance to have some more non-fiction reading content. I support the concept in general, and I would like to offer a general word of encouragement to get something like this started.  --Rob Horning 12:16, 15 June 2006 (UTC)

Firefox extension building - need to have website respond with data
I'm starting to get down the basics of XUL and XML, but I'm still hazy on how to retrieve data from for example http://www.imdb.com/ReleasedInYear?year=2006&country=Netherlands

Does such a site have to be in a RSS or XML format (in which case this doesn't work unless you can convert it before use) or is it possible? And how would I select just the films with a certain release date from the list? I already perused the XML Wikibook, but so far I found the info here and elsewhere on the web with regard to info retrieval unclear. Any help is much appreciated. - 131.211.210.16 12:31, 16 June 2006 (UTC)

 * If I was programming this in perl, I would use the HTML::Parser from LWP (libwww-perl). If I have time, then I should add LWP to the Programming:Perl book... but I see that you are programming in Firefox, not Perl.

 * The URL that you gave is not in RSS or XML but in HTML 3.2. You can still use the Document Object Model to extract info from it. First you need to grab the document object. In JavaScript, you can use  to obtain a window, then   to obtain the document. However, this has the side effect of opening a pop-up window.

 * The answer seems to be to use XMLHttpRequest. Though that sounds like you can only get XML, the page at http://kb.mozillazine.org/XMLHttpRequest says otherwise. I have not tried this, but try creating an XMLHttpRequest object and GET the url, then using the  property as the document, even though it is really an HTML document. I do not know if this works. --Kernigh 02:02, 18 June 2006 (UTC)


text:
Wikijunior:Ancient Civilizations/Goths

Who were the Goths?
The Goths were a Germanic tribe that later formed two branches, the Ostrogoths and the Visigoths. The Goths are believed to have immigrated to Poland in the first century A.D. from Gotland. They later moved by the Black Sea in what is now the Ukraine. The Gothic People greatly influenced later Roman culture.

When did they live?
The Goths lived from the 2nd century to the 6th century. During the 5th and 6th centuries, the Goths were divided into the Visigoths and the Ostrogoths.

What country did they live in?
They are theorized to have originated in southern Scandinavia. But they quickly expanded into general Europe and into the Roman Empire. After the Empire's fall they split into two groups, Visigoths and Ostrogoths, who later went on to populate Western Europe —Germany, France, Spain— and Eastern Europe —around the black sea— respectively.

What did their buildings look like?
Gothic Architecture started in Northern France. It had great success in 1200 A.D. Gothics were well known for their churches. The churches were tall and thin with pointed arches. The walls were massive to carry weight. Inside the church there were tall stain glassed windows. Figures of saints, animals, and flowers were painted on the stained glass windows. Frescos (done in plaster that are put onto walls and ceiling) were painted on them.

What did they eat?
They ate mostly sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, rabbits and chickens that they raised for their meat. They would also hunt deer and elk for food. They also ate some plant based foods such as wheat, barley, rye, cabbages, and turnips.

What did they wear?
Goths wore a Sagum, an open robe or cloak that looks like those worn by ancient Roman soldiers. These cloaks were fastened using a thorn or a spina, a spike made out of bone. They also wore furs blankets, coats and warm clothes made from animals they hunted or raised and then skinned.

What did their writing look like?
By the 4th century CE, the Goths were becoming Christianized. At this time, the Goths wrote their language using their version of the Futhark alphabet, but it was deemed to be a pagan invention. Instead, Bishop Wulfila (or Ulfilas), a Greek missionary responsible for the conversion of the Goths to Christianity, took the Greek alphabet, added letters from Latin and Futhark alphabets, and created a new alphabet to write the Gothic language.

Note that there are two letters that don't stand for any sounds. This is because they were adopted from Greek only for their numeric value. The Classical Greek alphabet doubled as a number system, and each letter had a number associated with it. The Gothic alphabet continued this tradition, and so in the case of Gothic, the first row of letters have numeric values of 1 to 9, the second row from 10 to 90, and the third row from 100 to 900.

The Goths spoke a Germanic language, and it is unique not only in that it is the earliest documented Germanic language, but also in that it is the only language in a completely separate branch of the Germanic family unrelated to any other surviving Germanic languages.

In most of Europe, the Gothic alphabet and language slowly faded into obscurity by the 9th century CE. The Gothic language survived in the Crimea but it too became extinct around the 17th century CE.

What did they believe?
The ancient Goths were originally pagan, but converted to Christianity by the 4th century CE.

Are some of them famous even today?
They are famous in the present because of the brilliant things and culture they gave us. Studying ancient civilizations like the Goths can help us to understand other culture and can help us in the future.

What is left of them today?
Gothic ancestry can be found in North Africa, Southern Europe, Scandinavia, and Poland.

Wikijunior Alte Zivilisationen/ Goten

title: Wikijunior:Ancient Civilizations/Goths


text:
Concurrent Clean/AnswersCH1

2. Write a function that takes two arguments, say n and x, and computes their power, xn. Use this to construct a function that squares its argument. Write a program that computes the square of 128.

Answers:

module exercicio02 import StdEnv

quadrado n x = n ^ x

Start = quadrado 2 7

3. Define the function isum :: Int -> Int which adds the digits of its argument. So, isum 1234 = 10 isum 0 = 0 isum 1001 = 2 You may assume that isum is applied to an argument which is not negative.

Answers:

module exercicio04 import StdEnv

isum :: Int -> int isum 1234 = 10 isum 0   = 0 isum 1001 = 2

Start = isum 0

4. Use the function isum to check whether a number can be divided by 9.

5. Define a function Max with two arguments that delivers the maximum of the two.

6. Define a function Min that has two arguments that delivers the minimum of the two.

7. Define a function MaxOfList that calculates the largest element of a list.

8. Define a function MinOfList that calculates the smallest element of a list.

9. Define a function Last that returns the last element of a list.

10. Define a function LastTwo that returns the last two elements of a list.

11. Define a function Reverse that reverses the elements in a list.

12. Define a function Palindrome which checks whether a list of characters is a palindrome, i.e. when you reverse the characters you should get the same list as the original.

title: Concurrent Clean/AnswersCH1


text:
Arimaa/Multi-Piece Swarming Attacks

Objectives and Risks
Swarming attacks are highly dangerous attempts to smother the opponent and/or control an enemy trap with a large number of pieces. This type of attack is only rarely seen in the opening phase of the game, but many players will use this attack if an opportunity arises to blockade an enemy Elephant or work towards a win by immobilization. If a swarming attack is attempted during the opening phase, the attacking play will often either fail miserably and lose a considerable number of pieces in rapid succession, or will succeed brilliantly when the defender is crushed under the weight of the attack.

'Note: For simplicity, many examples below will assume that the Gold player is attacking the c6 trap. Naturally, the same theories can apply equally to attacks on all 4 traps.'

Reasons to use a Multi-Piece Swarming Attack:
 * to smother the enemy so that an entire wing is effectively immobilized
 * to establish a space advantage, possibly controlling the center
 * to blockade the enemy Elephant, possibly with the intention of freeing the attacking Elephant from the c6 trap
 * to create long-term goal threats from burrowed and advanced Rabbits

Summary of risks (assuming Gold attacks the c6 trap):
 * If a swarming attack fails, and attacking Elephant is lured away by a counter-attack, the weaker pieces in the swarm will suffer high casualty rates, especially the Rabbits.
 * If a Camel is used to secure b6, it may be taken hostage.
 * The swarming player's goal defense and/or home trap defense will be weakened due to the high number of pieces required in a swarm attack.
 * The attacking Elephant may become blockaded on d6, possibly with friendly Rabbits locked into the d5 and e5 squares.

Ideal Placement of Pieces
A swarming attack often begins with the Gold Elephant on d6. The Elephant may have to get comfortable on that square, because it will often be pinned there for many moves.

It is absolutely essential for Gold to control the b6 square if a swarming attack has any chance of success. A strong piece can be lodged onto b6, or less commonly, a weak piece can be secured on the square by blockading the entire position, preventing the defender from accessing b6. An exception occurs if the enemy Elephant is located on b6, for example in a hostage situation. Because the attacker cannot take the b6 square, it is often best to attempt a blockade, including an attacker on c6. If the attacker succeeds in controlling b6 or blockading the enemy Elephant, it is sometimes possible to rotate the Gold Elephant off d6 in order to pursue the Silver Horses or Camel.

If the attacker can create goal threats, it is beneficial to have a very strong piece on c7. The Elephant should not be stationed on c7 unless there is a very compelling reason, such as a powerful goal threat.

Defensive Systems and Counter-Attacks
In order to understand the best defensive techniques, it is essential to understand the objectives of the attacking player. If the Gold Elephant is pinned on d6 with a Rabbit framed on c6, and a defending Horse is positioned on b6, then Silver can build a sturdy defense by placing the Silver Elephant on c5.

There are only three obvious strategies for the attacker in that situation:
 * 1) Use the Camel to control b6 or drag the horse to the home trap with the idea of luring the Silver Elephant away from c5.
 * 2) Move the Camel to b6 in the hopes of it being taken hostage, then attacking the enemy Elephant with a swarm of potential blockaders.
 * 3) Repeatedly drag defending Rabbits and other small piece towards the c3 trap to gain material and soften Silver's goal and trap defenses.

These positions can be difficult and it is beneficial to study example games in order to learn the strategies.

While it is tempting to counter-attack against the f3 trap - which may be weakened - and/or advance Rabbits against a Swiss-cheese goal defense, actual practice suggests that the defender's best chances may lie in the proper defense of c6 rather than an immediate counter-attack. If Gold can be stopped cold so that the attackers are completely prevented from having any hopes of controlling the c6 trap, the Gold position will often become hopeless and Silver can slowly and safely proceed to build a powerful advantage. Ideally, after the c6 attack is thwarted and the counter-attack begins, Gold will have no choice but to withdraw the Elephant from d6 and suffer massive losses.

title: Arimaa/Multi-Piece Swarming Attacks