text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Archives/2008/May

Categorising my article
Hi

I originally wrote this article up (see link below) in Test-Wiki but it was deleted in time. Now I have put it in Wikibooks and need to categorise it into this grouping How-To Guides - Model Railways - Computer Control.

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Working_Rocrail_with_Hornby_Elite_DCC_Controller

The instructions for doing this are not very clear, especially for generating a new category, so if someone could please advise me or even amend the article to suit that would be appreciated.

Thanks, Robbie RAFHAAA96 (talk) 14:13, 1 May 2008 (UTC)
 * You will likely want to search through WB:AS to choose better categorizations. When you have done so, you can add them using at the bottom of the page.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:51, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Filling in the wikibook outline
Hi all!

I have just started a wikibook. It also means I am beginner.

my book is Computers & Society and I have just made book and chapter outline

I can only work on this few hours per day (real day job gets in the way)

I use placeholder text...

but am getting Wikibookean queries on this?

any other way to give outline structure to be filled in?

thanx in advance

--Михал Орела 11:20, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Those are probably from me. As long as you're planning to put some content there soon, just put a note on the talk page for the tagged module and/or remove the template. Creating modules with no content as a placeholder is mostly useless, and mildly annoying - they often get forgotten, leaving empty pages laying around being useless. As I say - if they're going to be filled with content, there's no problem.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:40, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Are you allowed to copy a page from wikipedia?
As a wikibooks is suppose to be self-contained. I'm considering copying a page(copy/paste) from wikipedia (at least a large part of it) rather then rewriting much of it myself on wikibooks. Would that be a copyright violation? SunCreator (talk) 17:29, 16 May 2008 (UTC)
 * No, I do that all the time. Wikipedia content is licensed under the GFDL.  In order to remain compliant with the GFDL though, you should write something like "imported text from Article " in the edit summary.  Another option is to log an import request on the Requests for Import.  When an admin sees it, it will be imported into transwiki space, and you will be told where to find it.  You can move it to where you want it from there and the edit history will be preserved.  You cannot, however, merge it with an existing module and preserve both edit histories.  So if you're starting from scratch, an import is a good way to go, but if you've already started, cut-n-paste + summary comment is better.  And BTW, sometimes imports fail if an article has more than 100 edits or so.  My recommendation: cut-n-paste+summary citation. --Jomegat (talk) 17:47, 16 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I would recommend that you always request an import for anything more than a paragraph. An admin can merge the page histories if you need to merge content into a pre-existing page. At the very least, a link to the Wikipedia article in the edit summary is required. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:20, 16 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you both. I will make a Requests for Import. SunCreator (talk) 18:56, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

WMF Board of Trustees Election, Suffrage
The elections committee has released a list of requirements for all wikimedians who wish to vote in the upcoming board elections. To vote, you must have at least 50 edits on one project since January 2008. I don't know when the cutoff date is. If you've been mostly inactive this year, but want the right to vote, you should make a few quick edits here and there to fill the requirement. Of course, Wikibooks benefits from every edit, so the more the merrier! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 23:39, 1 May 2008 (UTC)
 * The page with all the information is here: Board elections/2008/en. It's 50 edits between Jan 01 and June 01 (which gives people 1 month to comply), and 600 edits total prior to March 01. If you haven't met the march requirement, you're out of luck. However, you should make 50 good edits here anyway! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 23:53, 1 May 2008 (UTC)

Anyone know Greek?
At the page Writing_Adolescent_Fiction/Character_names/Greek, someone made an edit. It added the surnames "Res", and after the surname "Siannas", added "poutsogliftra": Siannaspoutsogliftra. What does this mean? The word "Siannaspoutsogliftra" gets no Google hits, but there are a few for the word "poutsogliftra" (nowhere telling you what the word means though). Is there anyone around here who speaks Greek? Cilantrohead (talk) 22:53, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

About being adminstrators and Wikibookians
I have known that no everyone can be adminstrators, but I'd like to know how. Also, in fact, what are wikibookians? Can I be one of them?

 * A wikibookian is a person who participates at Wikibooks. Anybody who comes here to author, edit, or even just to read is a "Wikibookian". Administrators are a rarer breed, however. To be an administrator, you must be elected. Create a nomination at WB:RFP for yourself, and people will vote on it. However, successful administrator candidates usually need some qualifications first:
 * Experience editing: You seem to have about about 10 edits so far, we typically like to see administrators with several hundred or even a thousand edits. We also like to see members who have been active here for a long time, such as several months. This way, we know that you will be familiar with all our policies. These numbers are just a guideline, not a strict requirement.
 * Experience in maintenance. There are lots of jobs to do here at Wikibooks, and since administrators are primarily used for maintenance tasks, we ask that candidates have experience with them. See Wikibooks maintenance for some idea of the jobs that need to get done around here. Vandal fighting, new page patrolling, book organization and categorization, and answering questions here on this and other discussion pages. If you demonstrate a need to be an administrator, we will elect you to be one.
 * I hope this answers your question. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 15:11, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Wikibookians are people who contribute to Wikibooks in some way, or can refer to someone whose a registered member of the Wikibooks community. You become a Wikibookian or a member of the Wikibooks community simply by contributing to Wikibooks. Administrators are Wikibookians with a few extra tools. A Wikibookian becomes an administrator by showing there willingness to have the extra tools and other Wikibookians showing there general willingness to let that person have the extra tools. Anyone can become an administrator provided those two things are true. --dark lama  15:33, 6 May 2008 (UTC)

Featured books/Nominations
I just wanted to draw people's attention to the three open nominations at Featured books/Nominations. That page hasn't been particularly active lately, and I want to make sure that people aren't forgetting about it entirely. Also, I do know that Wikibooks has been a little quiet lately. Hopefully, as the current semester draws to a close, things will pick up again. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 23:24, 6 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Does activity usually pick up over the summer? I'm never really sure. But yes, with less new books comes less FB nominations unfortunately. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 02:36, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

how to determine if content conforms to license?
I'm planning on publishing several wikibooks in physical book form, and I've read the terms of the license quite thoroughly - still is there a way to have someone view a PDF of the book to verify compliance with all license terms? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.119.237.32 (discuss • contribs)
 * I would be happy to view your PDFs to check them for compliance, and I'm sure other Wikibookians would be happy as well. If you upload them here to Wikibooks, it will have the dual benefit of allowing us to look at it, and other readers to download them as well. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 14:31, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

Introducing Myself
Hi my name's Robbie. I'm working on a book here about linguistics, and I generate graphics that can be used for language and writing topics. :) Robbiemuffin (talk) 23:52, 20 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Hi Robbie. I like the sound of "I generate graphics" - I'm sure folks will have requests from you on that front. I hope you enjoy contributing here. The language texts are some of our best, but there is of course always work to be done. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 00:25, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Hello Robbie, I've been watching some of the work you've been doing in your user space, and I'm very impressed! I take it you have wiki experience on some other project? Welcome to wikibooks, let us know if you need any help. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 00:50, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

How to categorize a book?
I've recieved a notice that my new page "animal taxonomy" needs to be categorized. How do I do so?

 * Add a suitable category at the end of the page for example Category:Taxonomy. You can find existing categories here Alphabetical_classification, although in your case I suspect it's suitable to create a new category. If you choice a new category click it's red link and save the page. SunCreator (talk) 12:40, 23 May 2008 (UTC)

Templates to expand images and formatting
I've created two templates (both of which probably need to be improved) to makr books that are light on formatting or images:, and. This way we can be more precise about certain requests then saying or. Also, I've written up a short "cheatsheet" for all these templates in one easy place: User:Whiteknight/Template Cheatsheet. For people who are confused about the templates or can't remember them all, I've found this to be a helpful resource to me. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 01:46, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Engineering bookshelf deprecation
I've taken the liberty tonight of deprecating the engineering bookshelf. It now redirects to Subject:Engineering. I'm going to fix up some of the double-redirects next. It's been a long term goal, not only of mine but of several other wikibookians, to deprecate all of the bookshelves and use the dynamically-updated subject pages instead. The engineering bookshelf is a personal pet project of mine, and so has progressed further then any of the others so far. Thus, I think it makes a good pilot for this initiative. Over the summer, as I have time and motivation, I would like to start increasing the quality of the remaining subject pages and deprecating additional bookshelves. I think it's going to be a much better solution for us in the long run, and I hope people agree. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 02:04, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Categories Overlapping
There's a little bit of a problem with the category system that we've been using, and for the most part we've been ignoring it. The problem is that both subject categories and books share a "namespace" when it comes to categorization. A book "X", and all it's subpages, will be in Category:X. This can overlap if X is a common name for the subject.

For instance, we have a book Calculus, but we also have a few books by other names that are about calculus-related topics. If we put all the subpages of Calculus and the books that are related into the same category, it's not useful as a navigational or organizational tool anymore.

What I would like to do is change major-subject categories to have some kind of prefix, like "Category:Subject-X". Book subpages could still be in "Category:X", like usual. This won't really take much effort to implement, we would change the behavior of, and then update all the dynamic lists in the Subject namespace. This way we won't have to worry about category name collisions anymore, and all the details will be hidden in templates that people are already mostly using. If nobody has strong opinions about this, I want to try to make this change next week. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 16:47, 9 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Why wouldn't we have all modules of the book go in Category:Calculus (book) instead? This is a standard method which is used everywhere I've seen this overlap occur. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 17:30, 9 May 2008 (UTC)
 * That's a good possibility too. I suggest doing it "Category:Foo (Subject)" or something similar instead for 3 reasons:
 * We can hide all the details inside, and no authors will really need to deal with it.
 * If we wanted to make it standard, we would have to add "(book)" to the categories in every single book (and there are at least 1100 of them, depending on how you count). If we don't keep it standard for all, then we're left with another hack-job and there's no sense making any changes at all.
 * We would have to update all documentation to tell authors to use "Category:BOOKNAME (book)", and then ensure that this was happening when we patrol.
 * I'm fine with either way, we can employ bots to do it on the book-end like you suggest. I would prefer a method that doesn't put any work or strain on our authors, since the barrier to entry around here is already high enough without having to worry about your book's category. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 17:55, 9 May 2008 (UTC)
 * How about renaming books to be more descriptive instead? Calculus isn't a descriptive name, it doesn't say who the audience is for, is it an introduction to Calculus, an advanced calculus book, how much coverage does it include, etc.? Using a descriptive book name would remove overlap between subject categories names and book categories as well. Its not like you'd goto a bookstore and find a textbook named just "Calculus" --dark lama  18:48, 9 May 2008 (UTC)
 * This really isn't an appealing solution to me. It requires that we rename books, as many as several hundred that are currently using common names. It also means that we will have to require new authors to avoid common names for their books, when it has been our de facto policy not to place any requirements on a book's title. We would have to police new books to ensure they weren't named after an existing or potential topic. A solution that requires us to do a large amount of work and requires new authors to jump through more hoops before they can start a new book is decidedly not a good solution. Changing the names of the subject categories, on the other hand, requires us to modify and modify (probably by bot) several dozen Subject: pages. This is easier to execute immediately, requires far less maintenance, and won't cause additional hassle for new book authors. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 21:07, 9 May 2008 (UTC)
 * And on another note, I have two books named "Calculus" (one has a subtitle), a book called "Fortran", a book called "Algebra", etc. Ordinary books do use common names. Also, it's easier for a user to search for "Calculus" then "Introduction to calculus". --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 21:10, 9 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I think its easier to search for books by subject than it is by title. I don't think Category:Subject-X and Category:BOOKNAME (book) are good conventions to use. Another solution might be to enable case-sensitivity of the first letter as is done on Wiktionary, so that Category:calculus would be different from Category:Calculus, than we could require all subject categories be completely lowercase. --dark lama  21:31, 9 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Now that IS a good alternative solution. It has the benefit that we can do most of the modifications in the template (use the #lc: magic word so we don't even need to fix any pages), and we guarantee that no collisions will ever happen because Book titles must have a capital first-letter. It also had the added benefit of fixing the non-standard way we've been capitalizing subject names so far: Some are "Title Caps" and some are "First caps". Using #lc: for all of them would completely remove these issues. I'm in favor of this proposal. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 14:47, 10 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Good thing I read this just after I cleaned up Category:Social Sciences and Category:Social sciences! Νεοπτόλεμος ( talk | email | contribs ) 14:52, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

Another possible solution: Check out what I've done with Category:History. Each book gets its own category- for example, History of Spain is in Category:History of Spain. This category is then put in Category:European History, along with other national histories. The book European History is in this category as well as pages, while the other books get their own subcategories. So, all the pages in, say Intermediate Algebra would go into Category:Intermediate Algebra, while all the pages in Algebra go into Category:Algebra, of which Category:Intermediate Algebra would be a sub-category. Νεοπτόλεμος ( talk | email | contribs ) 15:02, 10 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure I see the use here, it's like including one book as a subcategory of another book. Plus, if you try to set up a subject page to list just the main pages of a book, you're going to include all the subpages as well. This organization would suggest that a book like Abstract Algebra was a subset of the Algebra book when the exact opposite relationship is true.
 * Also, consider if we have two books, X and Y, with Category:Y being a subcategory of Category:X. If we delete book X for whatever reason, the category system for Book Y gets all messed up. This creates a level of interdependence between books when we've traditionally tried to make books monolithic and independent. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 15:14, 10 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Allowing lowercase titles is probably the worst option, IMO.  would break many links, and is generally not useful here. I don't see what's wrong with having Category:Name (book) where there is a conflict against a category used for the subjects (and only where such conflict exists - there's no need to avoid a conflict where one doesn't exist).  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 16:28, 10 May 2008 (UTC)
 * You're right, I was under the impression that Category:Calculus and Category:calculus would be different pages, but they apparently arent. With this realization, a capitalization-based scheme is obviously not acceptable.
 * As for making "Category:BOOKNAME (book)", it requires us to change the de facto way that our books have been categorized since the very beginning of Wikibooks, and the possibility is there that we will have to recategorize 1000 books (plus all subpages) or more. Plus, we will have to write documentation to require new book authors to use this new scheme, and we will have to include a check for proper categorization when new books are created. In short, it puts the burden on the book authors, a group of people who's life we should be striving to make easier, not harder. Any system that decreases the usability of this site for the common author really isn't an acceptable one. Now, if we could find a way to abstract out the details into a template like or something, then it wouldn't be as big a deal. Still, we would have to go through every single page on wikibooks and include this template to make it work ubiquitously. Plus, there are lots of books that use header templates to include categories automatically, and those will need to be edited manually. I think it's just a lot of work. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 18:43, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

i want to do a small beginning project in c-language.plzz any one suggest me

Green on Black Style
Hi, can someone create a green(fond) on black(background) style that is better for intensive reading. Thanks for your attention and hope someone can help!

 * Hi:  I am not sure that I like the colours but the usual way would be to put the whole page in    tags, and to include a style expression for the font.   If you copy this code line into the sandbox and Preview it, it will give the result below...

 * All the text of the page goes here...

 * All the text of the page goes here...

 * ...a bit tough to read maybe...also, the Opera browser has choices of syles for viewing, and if it is just for your own viewing, they say that you can make your own stylesheet in Wiki.  If I got your intention wrong, just add a comment below.   All the best. Armchair (talk) 12:17, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I'd also recommend the style features in Opera. The above text is probably not great for intensive reading but I'm sure other combinations would work. --ЗAНИA [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]]talk 21:43, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
 * You can edit your .css to create a custom style. The CSS book has info you may find helpful in doing so. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:36, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

Automatic Book Outline Tool
I've been hard at work for the last few days (as any RC patroller will probably tell you) working on a new JavaScript-based tool for designing and outlining new books. User:Mike.lifeguard did a quick beta test for me yesterday, from which I got a lot of good feedback. I have made a lot of improvements, and would like to get more feedback from a wider audience. Eventually, if things seem to work well, I would like to turn this into a gadget and actively promote it as a way for new users to easily and methodically create new books.

To install the gadget, add the following three lines to your personal monobook script:

import_script('User:Whiteknight/gadgetscore.js'); import_script('User:Whiteknight/categorize.js'); import_script('User:Whiteknight/designer3.js');

Once these lines are added, do a hard reset in your browser (probably by pushing ctrl + f5, or similar), and go to User:Whiteknight/Visual Book Designer. This is the page where the form is located, although I have it set up as a template so it could be transcluded into other pages as well if desired.

The tool uses a visual outlining interface. You start with the main page of the book, and you can add subpages or headings. To those headings and subpages you can add more subheadings and sub-subpages, etc. The tool recurses so you can add as many levels of detail as you can fit on your screen. This means you have the flexibility to make Book/Page, Book/Chapter/Page, Book/Section/Chapter/Page, ... Once you have your outline, the tool has the ability to convert the outline into wikitext. It also has an AJAX interface where it can open an edit window automatically to save the generated text to the specified pages. You can add categorization templates too. Basically, it has a lot of features, and I would like people to play around with them. I would love to hear any and all feedback about this. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 22:58, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I've fixed it up so IE7 works reasonably well. There are a few bugs in IE that I can't quite dig out yet, but you should be able to get the idea about what this script does. I've also tested, and it works 90% in Safari. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 01:30, 25 April 2008 (UTC)

 * Looks great to me. I wonder if we should consider pointing new users towards this tool from the welcome template/help pages etc. I think that as long as people can figure out how to use it properly, it'll result in books which are better structured, which is definitely a good thing. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:35, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I've already turned it into a gadget, which is the first step in making it usable. There are still a few issues to iron out when it comes to differences between browsers, however. I definitely intend for this, or some other similar tool, to become a primary landing point for new users. This is similar to some of the custom tools that Commons uses to faciliate it's new users. We have a long way to go before this is good enough for ubiquitous use, but it's a first step along that road. Thanks for the input, mike! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 23:20, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * WK, the basic idea is a very good one, I think this could become very useful (especially for people who have difficulty understanding the naming convention, this does it for them so that they'll learn what it's all about!). Is it possible to put a link to preview what the page will look like from the menu on the top? (next to edit, save, etc.) For someone who hasn't used it before, previews are nice to know what each function does / will look like when finished.
 * I didn't test it, but I presume that if you make a sub-page to a sub-page, those are all created too? I'd imagine it'd be pretty difficult to get those in a preview since the mediawiki software isn't set up that way.
 * I think it's also pretty confusing having two different "save" functions, one which saves the book 'for real' and one which is a temporary save; would it be possible to change the latter labels so that it is clearer that these saves aren't permanent? Just my three cents, overall though I'm impressed. Regards, Mattb112885 (talk to me) 23:47, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the feedback matt! A preview button would be a nice addition, and I could probably add a button for it pretty quickly. You're also right that having two functions to "save" is probably not intuitive. Maybe I could include the temporary save/load functions in a separate menu?
 * I'm also working on a function to "automate", using AJAX to perform edits on all pages in the outline in one button click. I'm hesitant to add this feature until we get the "delete this book" function for admins. One mistake creating a book could leave a very large mess for admins to deal with otherwise. needless to say, there is a lot of work to be done on this. Thanks for the feedback! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 00:04, 13 May 2008 (UTC)
 * mw:Extension:Nuke would do that nicely. Also, there is a gadget for scripted deletion. I think there is somewhat less potential for disruption here than you think. Pages can be cleaned up easily, and first-time users of the script will likely be careful for fear of making a mess. I suppose malicious use to create many bad pages is a possible, but again easily dealt with. I wouldn't worry too much about holding back on TEH POWAAH with this script. If it's too much, we can restrict use later. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 03:04, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

Manual on Salt Lake Methods
Hi, I am Peri Coleman, completely new to Wiki-anything. I have been nagging away at anyone who cared to listen for some years about the need for a "Standard Methods" book for analyses of hypersaline brines. At the recent 10th International Society for Salt Lake Research triennial, held in Salt Lake City this month (May 08) a number of delegates agreed on the need and suggested to me that Wiki would be the place for it - Wikibooks in particular. So here I am, learning rather rapidly. I plan to get the basic outline up, then the various members of ISSLR will be approached to fill in the methods with which they are most familiar. Any pointers will be greatfully received.

 * Welcome to wikibooks, remember to sign with ~ so we know who is talking. You might want to look at Help:Contributing to Wikibooks. Red4tribe (talk) 11:09, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Looks like you've got a great start on this book. I look forward to seeing it fleshed out! – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 11:49, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Hello!
I'm Robert, user:AtlantisEndevour, and am a contributor to wikipedia as well. I am currently working on the welding book, as it is my trade, and pretty well the only thing that I know enough about to write a book on..
 * Looks like a good start there. If you need help with anything in particular come on back. I'd suggest reading the naming policy for when you start creating subpages for that book. If you end your posts to discussion pages, it will turn that into a signature with a timestamp so conversations are easier to follow. The signature can be customized in Special:Preferences. ~ turns into → – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 01:09, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

revolving field theory for induction motor

 * This message will be archived normally

sir, please supply me the material for " revolving field theory for induction motor " as i am not able to find it on the net..

 * Stepper motors use a revolving magnetic field. Also, three-phase motors use a revolving magnetic field. See three-phase,  three-phase electric power,  stepper motor, Practical Electronics/Stepper Motors, Basic Electrical Generation and Distribution. --DavidCary (talk) 03:22, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

Opening a pdf file
I have tried to open the Blender3D: Noob to Pro.pdf several times on more than one computer and it won't open. I am just clicking on the icon to open it. What am I doing wrong?

Thanks.
 * That should work just fine. Can you please provide any error messages that you receive when trying to open the file? – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:04, 18 May 2008 (UTC)

Hello from new user
Hi, I am Carlo Milanesi, I am Italian, and a new en.wikibooks author, but long time author of it.wikipedia and it.wikibooks. I wrote a complete book in Italian in it.wikibooks, and I am translating it into English for en.wikibooks as Optimizing C++. As I am not a native English speaker, I ask for collaboration to improve the text readability.

--Carlo.milanesi (talk) 17:06, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Very glad that you joined. Your english seems very good, I would not suspect you of being an Italian. There is an Italian book right now, for people who wish to learn Italian. I am looking forward to see how you translate things, it is something I am personally not very good at. Welcome! Red4tribe (talk) 20:14, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Welcome to en.wikibooks! I've seen your new book, and it's very cool! I'll definitely be watching your progress. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 22:53, 29 May 2008 (UTC)

Template column help.
I'm trying to extend the template Template:Chess Position so that there are some options below the diagram in 2 columns in the same way as shown here w:Template:Infobox chess opening. Problem is I don't understand how to align columns. I've tried putting in the top '''! colspan="2"''' but then the column sections at the bottom are not neatly aligned, but rather stretch the box to the right. I've create a test version here(Template:Chess_PositionTest), please experiment! SunCreator (talk) 10:23, 18 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Anyone? SunCreator (talk) 22:36, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I'll take a look at it a little later, I hope that I understand what you want exactly. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 22:38, 22 May 2008 (UTC)

Alphabetical_classification/All_Books
In the "0 - 9" section, the phrase "DynamicPageList: No results!" appears a number of times, presumably because no book titles start with 0, 4, 7, or 9. This is a bug, right? Hoogli (talk) 21:10, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Yes and no. It's the default behavior when the page list returns no entries. There is a way to suppress errors, however, so that you dont see those ugly error messages. I'll work on that now. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 21:38, 20 May 2008 (UTC)

How do I trigger an email to an email list when someone edit the wiki book ?
I like to have the email mailing list users notified when book is edited. Is this possible ?

T.J Yang

 * Not with wikibooks' tools, but you could set up a scheduled script to fetch your Special:Watchlist every day/hour. Kellen T 18:48, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Double spacing
Is there a reason why Wikibooks doesn't show double spacing between the end of a sentence and the start of the next sentence? There should be double spaces after a full stop ('period' for Americans). This makes it easier to read a page especially one which is full of text. I have just tried to add extra spacing to an article but on making the changes I noticed that the spaces don't appear. --ЗAНИA talk 00:49, 18 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I think that's a function of most browsers. Back when I was first learning HTML I remember reading that browsers collapse all white space into a single space.  I could be wrong of course. --Jomegat (talk) 02:32, 18 May 2008 (UTC)
 * See w:Wikipedia:MOS. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:04, 18 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Some say that a slight improvement can be had by using justified text for the page.  Although it does not address the specifics of double-spacing, the slight spreading of text over the page width sometimes helps a bit. Regards,Armchair (talk) 13:02, 25 May 2008 (UTC)

Rescuing and forking off the cookbook
For background: the cookbook was once one of our most successful collaborations, and in some ways helped us learn how Wikibooks should work. However, activity on the cookbook has been slowly decreasing over the last couple years. I'm guessing that has a lot to do with a lot of reasons, but the four that I can think of off hand are (1) User:Kellen is not very active any more, (2) there are a lot of websites out there allowing recipe sharing now, (3) the cookbook above all other books has served as a "dump" for the Wikipedians (who despise recipes as unencyclopedic), and (4) it's a big mess and no-one has dared clean it up.

I was a bit alarmed by this discussion, but after thinking about it for a few weeks, I think I might have an idea. Kellen has a good point about remaking the cookbook as a textbook about cooking methods, ingredients, etc. Deleting all the recipes seems a bit over the top.

I propose we transwiki the recipes of the cookbook to Wikiversity. There we could poll for yumminess, collect/collate/rate infinite numbers of variations on each recipe, and link it into other Wikiversity content related to availability of local foods, etc. The cookbook, as textbook, could then have content related to the history and "basics" of a recipe, and allow the back and forth of "whose mom's meatloaf recipe is the best" take place on Wikiversity (where participation is at least as important as content).

My agenda is just this: I want to do outreach for the cookbook through churches and folks I know in the restaurant industry. It would be a lot easier to sell if we could have "research projects" where people try recipes, rate them, and make improvements towards recipes they don't like.

I eagerly await your fruity missiles :) -- SB_Johnny | PA! 22:55, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Forking is fine, but reducing the cookbook to only "basic" recipes doesn't sound so hot to me. I think a decrease in contributions is not a good reason to discourage recipes or to reduce its size. Maybe the cookbook has reached a point where there is enough coverage that there isn't much left to add, but variations. The cookbook could become a multi-wiki project if that is what's wanted, but I don't think anything needs to change in its scope or coverage. People seem to still be contributing to it, and someone may come a long at some point with the motivation to take over where Kellen left off. Nothing has to change here in order for the cookbook to be forked on another project and for you to achieve what you wish on WV, this isn't a WB issue, but a WV issue. --dark lama  23:29, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I don't have a clear idea of what your fork concept entails would it be a duplication of content (no deletion), and then reformat the relevant parts of it on Wikiversity? I don't see a particular need for this as the content can be referenced here and extended there and later synchronized, (I think I remember some proposal, not on Wikibooks, of Darklama on a similar solution for translation that addresses a similar synchronization problem, but can't find the link), but most of this we already do it here with articles on Wikipedia, we transwiki them here completely, partially (with attribution), or link to them and at least I try to maintain both (on Wikipedia I don't edit articles, but use the discussion pages to reference updates,etc...). One should keep in mind that one of the problems with forking is that it not only fragments the work but the contributors, and increases work for all, even to users, ultimately the optimal outcome of a fork is a merge and that is even more work...
 * Moving the content out of Wikibooks doesn't seem to me the best path and the rational that it would fix the problem of new contributions is debatable. As a user it would upset me since I'm not and active on Wikiversity and so having the content forked there would have some impact, since I do use that book from time to time.
 * The expressed needs to have a "research project" does seem suitable to Wikiversity but if it is not, you can even do it on your and other participants user space, since ultimately the content would be volatile and intended to be merge to the book.
 * I haven't contributed content to that particular book, only minor edits but I would support any decission that users that have/are working on it to reformat or even fork the book (on the Wikibooks project) if no loss of content occurs. I strongly object to deletion of useful content from the Wikibooks project. For the rest the users that are willing to do the work and have been doing it should have a free hand on implementing any changes they come to agree upon. --Panic (talk) 03:29, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I do like the idea of the cookbook becoming more textbook-like, it's been a little bit of a sore thumb because it stands out as such a large example of a book which isn't textbook-like but is allowed to stay here anyway. I think the cookbook is great and valuable, but if it sets a bad example for new books and leads new authors into thinking the wrong things, then it hurts us more then it helps. That said, I definitely do not want to delete it.
 * The point about there being an infinite number of recipes is also a problem, because it's a violation of our requirements that books have a finite scope. If I make a recipe and add paprika to it then I have a second recipe which is almost exactly the same except for a small variation. Trying to be a mere collection of recipes, then, is not good for the cookbook to do.
 * Better would be to talk about how to cook and cooking utensils/techniques, and use select recipes as examples of those ideas. It's the same way we show particular programs as examples of vague computer science topics.
 * Doing it this way, a central narrative with copious examples, would seem to suggest a massive reorganization. For one, it probably doesn't need it's own namespace if it's going to have a more concrete organizational structure like ordinary books. As a collection of unrelated articles a namespace is fine, but as a traditional textbook about cooking this method is far less then ideal and probably would encourage people to write articles instead of chapters.
 * I'm also not interested in "moving" content to Wikiversity, although I am highly interested in "Sharing" content. If WV could use it's magic to rate and improve recipes, WB could discuss them. It would be a great way for us to work together. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 15:05, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Whiteknight, can't find a policy that defines that books must have a finite scope. I understand the intention but don't see how it would be enforcible, and it wouldn't be a good wording for a scope limiting policy, a book on mathematics, physics, languages (even computer languages) could suffer the same problem of never ending additions of "recipes", examples and updates. --Panic (talk) 18:26, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

 * You're right, the passage that I was referring to is actually part of What is Wikibooks/Unstable, which is not yet policy. Regardless, the scope is just one problem from many that could justify deletion of the cookbook under it's condition. So far we've avoided the issue for many reasons, but that doesn't mean it's really the model for aspiring textbook authors. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 21:33, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Well, what I had in mind was more what Whiteknight was referring to: judging by my experiences over the years and the most recent discussions by the main editors, it seems the recipes have been a distraction from the core goal (keep in mind that the vast majority of them are transwikis kicked our way by the wikipedian deletionist cabal, bless their hearts). As an "outreach project", it would be a bit easier to point to one project as a starting point, and the cookbook as it is now is not such a great thing to point to. Adding a bit of paprika/lemon juice/marijuana/whatever is probably a minor thing, but not necessarily a trivial thing to the person who comes up with the idea. Wikiversity's scope is much more slanted towards community participation than end results, and while we of course want as much participation as we can get on Wikibooks, we're really aimed at an end result (i.e. textbooks). My hope is that this could take advantage of the strengths of both projects and communities by enticing people to edit and contribute in the "come what may" atmosphere on Wikiversity, and use the Wikibooks cookbook as a textbook (to be improved as often as possible and necessary). -- SB_Johnny | PA! 23:07, 10 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I'm against any moving of the recipes to Wikiversity (why move it to a virtually dead project?) or making it more textbook like. It's a cookbook and that's what's good about it.  It still needs massive improvement.  Creating a Cookbook recipe (or any type of wiki book or article) is very difficult.  Wiki software and markup is not user-friendly and creating attractive pages is not easy.  I'm talking personally here and I have many years experience of the IT industry so if I find it difficult and time-consuming to make good wiki pages then ordinary non-geek editors probably won't even try.  Look at some of the other cooking and recipe websites out there.  Notice how they incorporate far more images, animated flash pictures and instant conversion from American measurements to standard metric measurements.  Notice how some of them include alternative recipes on the same page and how the presentation of the whole page is clutter-free and easy to read (why do Wikibook pages have to have the annoying wiki bar on the left, another bar at the top and then a copyright section at the bottom - so much wasted space and not relevent for people unless they are editors as opposed to readers).  We need to get the opinions of those who 'read' the Cookbook rather than the very small number of people who edit on Wikibooks (and rarely on the cookbook). --ЗAНИA [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]]talk 22:44, 11 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with most of what you've said. However I don't understand why you would think that anyone who contribute to other books, cannot be a reader, or doesn't read the cookbook. While I can agree that the opinions of readers need to be considered, I don't agree with the implication that people can't be both readers and contributors, that there opinions don't represent the views of a reader, or that anyone whose responded so far doesn't read the cookbook. --dark lama  01:50, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * My point was that we need the views of the readers. Most views and decisions on Wikibooks are expressed by us (the editors) but the vast majority of people who visit Wikibooks visit only to read (the same applies to all wikies, us editors are probably only a small part)--ЗAНИA [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]]talk 20:49, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * I would disagree with what Xania said about Wikiversity. Wikiversity isn't a "dead project" by any means. By my measurements, WV has edits at about 1/3 the frequency as Wikibooks does. It's also significantly younger then WB is, and is growing at a steady rate that is similar to the growth Wikibooks experienced when it was the same age. Of course, Wikibooks hasn't been particularly lively in recent months either, maybe we're becoming the "dead project".
 * As for the stuff about the user interface, I agree, although it's an issue that affects more books then just the cookbook. The user interface is significantly more cluttered then it needs to be for either readers or writers. A solution may be to create a javascript that removes, for people who are not logged in) a number of unnecessary links and tabs from the main interface. That could be something we discuss in more detail at the Feature Requests page.
 * The issue about difficulty editing wikitext is well-understood, but there is nothing that we can do about it from our end. The developers are going to have to create a better editing interface if we are going to have it at all. There are, I think, some things that we could try to do locally like creating better templates or boiler-plate text for Cookbook pages that insert all the necessary templates and categories automatically.
 * Regardless, the cookbook really isn't a "textbook" as most of our other books are, and while I don't disagree that recipes have their place here as examples, the cookbook should really be a textbook first and a recipe book second. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 15:27, 12 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I wasn't trying to dis wikiversity (well reading what I wrote it appears that I was). The aim of Wikiversity has been explained to me many times but I still don't see the need for it and defining the difference between text books and courses seems unnecessary - if editors have trouble knowing where to put their work and understanding the differences then there's little hope for ordinary editors.  Can we have a good definition of 'text book' please? I'd assumed it was simply an instructional book which includes text.  --ЗAНИA [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]]talk 20:52, 12 May 2008 (UTC)
 * My definitions to explain the differences goes something like:
 * Wikipedia explains what something is
 * Wikibooks explains how something is done
 * Wikiversity explores why and the many ways how something can be done
 * Wiktionary defines what something means
 * Wikisource documents something previously published
 * --dark lama  21:17, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

Help: Typo
I'm working on the book Real analysis and in several places, I have misspelt Riemann as Reimann. Is there any efficient way to fix this?

SPat (talk) 13:11, 15 May 2008 (UTC) SPat (talk) 10:11, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure what you're looking for, but most likely you'll have to do it the long way: go into every page and edit it manually (use CTRL+F to look for your misspelling before you edit it, so you know where it is and so on). Mattb112885 (talk to me) 01:32, 24 May 2008 (UTC)
 * If there are many misspellings, I can have my bot fix them en masse for you. If it's just a few places, you're faster to do it by hand. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:33, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
 * It's ok, that's not as bad as bad as I thought. In fact, I've noticed that few other authors have made the same mistake

New here
I am new.

 * Welcome, remember to sign with ~ so we know who is talking. Red4tribe (talk) 22:42, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Just joined up, hello
I'm Gaston Weisz, a psychologist. I have contributed a little to the introduction to psychology book. I'm curious who else is collaborating on the project.

 * Welcome, remember to sign with ~ so we know who is talking. I'm not sure with the project. It doesn't seem to be listed anywhere, sometimes it is. It doesn't appear(just by looking through a few history pages) that anyone is currently working on it. Red4tribe (talk) 22:58, 27 May 2008 (UTC)

Special:UncategorizedPages
Some fault here it now ends at MediaWiki Developer's Handbook/Add Button and goes into numbers. I've been checking this for a while for any Opening theory in chess and I found there is at least one page that should be shown but it is not, hence an error. SunCreator (talk) 23:00, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

 * The listing of that and many other special pages are cached. Any recently changes won't show up in the list until the next update. --dark lama  23:07, 12 May 2008 (UTC)
 * That's not the issue as page that was missing was created 3 May 2008 and cache shows 10 May 2008. SunCreator (talk) 23:13, 12 May 2008 (UTC)
 * In that case you should report it as a bug on bugzilla. --dark lama  14:03, 14 May 2008 (UTC)

 * What page are you talking about? It's possible that the page is in a hidden category. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 14:51, 14 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Go here Notice it's in alphabetic order you got UncategorizedPages beginning with the letters K, L, M on that page and A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J on the proceeding eight pages then after M it skips to numbers. Missing are all UncategorizedPages beginning with the letters N,O,P,Q,R,S,T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z. SunCreator (talk) 14:06, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

I have reported this as 14170. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:11, 18 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Thank you, I've created a test page that should show up when it's working. Opening_theory_in_chess/UncategorizedPage. SunCreator (talk) 07:16, 19 May 2008 (UTC)
 * It seems the issue is that only the first 5000 are shown. SunCreator (talk) 15:29, 26 May 2008 (UTC)

Dictionary extensions for the Firefox browser
Hi again,

Can anybody help with this problem?

As you know, the Firefox browser has a switch-on / switch-off spell-check for use in editing windows like Wiki. It is limited however, to the common language as opposed to encyclopaedic knowledge.

Does anybody know of an extension to spell-check HTML and Wikitext? In fact, is there a secret stash of dictionary add-ons anywhere for Wiki interests?

If so, it would help to clear the redlining which routinely results when tables or HTML is used in the editing of Wiki pages.

Thanks in advance for any help that users can provide. Armchair (talk)

 * I don't know of any such thing, but I would be interested if you could find one. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 20:44, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

Skin!!
I don't like the skin I recently chose. OK....I need to pick a new one.....fine. But, when I go to my preferences page, the (supposed to be) hypertext word "Skin" won't allow me to click on it. Notably, the "hand" only appears on words that have 5 characters or more......grrrrrrrrr. I need my list of choices moved to the right, or something. Can someone help....I'm trapped in my skin!!!!!!!!Buddpaul (talk) 18:56, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * You cannot click on the Skin tab in my preferences? I can't think of anything that would cause such an error, except on your end. Anyone else? – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 20:32, 28 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Which skin did you select? --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 20:43, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Um.....the ugly one. Honestly, I can't remember the name.  There's the column to the extreme left.  Then there's the "main" column in the middle of the page.  I can't click on the first 4 letters of any word in that center column....only on the 5th letter of any word (or any other letter to the right of the 5th letter).  Guess what?  "Skin" only has 4 letters.  How can I modify the layout of my preferences pages WITHOUT actually going TO my preferences page?  Buddpaul (talk) 20:57, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Okay, try clicking on this link. It should open the preferences window using the "normal" skin. Change your skin, and click "Save". Let me know if that works for you. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 21:02, 28 May 2008 (UTC)

You're a genius WhiteKnight.....a total genius! Thank you. BTW: why is "Chic" so darned ugly?? :)         Buddpaul (talk) 21:07, 28 May 2008 (UTC)


text: Category:Top-importance chess articles

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Top-importance chess articles


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. d4/2...exd4/3. c3/3...dxc3

=Danish Gambit Accepted= The Danish Gambit Accepted is popular among club players, but not so popular at the highest level. That is because, it is easy for black to fall into one of the many traps on this line, but if black knows what to do, white can get no more than equality out of the opening.

White has two main options from this position:
 * 4. Bc4 - Double Danish Gambit
 * 4. Nxc3 - Single Danish Gambit

Although it may have been known earlier, Danish player Severin From essayed the gambit in an 1867 Paris tournament and he is usually given credit for the opening. The Danish gambit was popular with masters of the attack including Alexander Alekhine, Frank Marshall, Joseph Henry Blackburne, and Jacques Mieses, but as Black's defenses improved it lost favor in the 1920s. Today it is rarely played in top-level chess.

White will sacrifice one or two pawns for the sake of rapid development and attack. With care, Black can accept one or both pawns safely, or simply decline the gambit altogether.

Theory table
'''1. e4 e5 2. d4 exd4 3. c3 dxc3'''


text: Dutch Empire/Print Version

title: Dutch Empire/Print Version


text:
User talk:131.111.143.235

(Red4tribe (talk) 20:19, 15 May 2008 (UTC))

title: User talk:131.111.143.235


text:
User talk:SpeedEvil

Welcome to Wikibooks, SpeedEvil!

title: User talk:SpeedEvil


text:
System Monitoring with Xymon/Administration Guide/Compiling on CentOS

Installing the OS
First obtain a disk image from the Centos 6.2 Mirrorlist. This guide is for 6.2/isos/i386/CentOS-6.2-i386-minimal.iso.

Boot from the CD and when the boot menu shows up hit tab and append "linux text". That means hit the tab key, space bar and then linux text.

 * Skip media test
 * OK to welcome screen
 * OK to English
 * OK to us keyboard layout
 * Partition disk(s), for the most part it will be
 * /boot with 100MB
 * swap with 1024MB
 * / with remainder of disk (also enable force to be primary partition)
 * OK to use GRUB
 * OK - no kernel options needed
 * OK leaving no GRUB password
 * OK to use default boot loader configuration
 * Use /dev/sda or /dev/hda to use the MBR part of the disk for the boot loader
 * Default ethernet device settings are DHCP
 * OK for system to use UTC and New York time zone
 * Root password - make it good!
 * Select Basic Server for the set of software

Now you have the minimal packages for working with a CentOS system.

Obtaining the package and installing it
Starting with root...

yum -y install yum-priorities yum -y install wget httpd make vim nano man yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel libpng-devel openssl-devel openldap-devel rrdtool-devel libtirpc-devel wget http://packages.sw.be/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.2-2.el6.rf.i686.rpm rpm -i rpmforge-release-*.rpm yum -y install fping yum -y update echo "all done with yum"
 * 1) first line is tools that are not included in minimal install

Now reboot with the new kernel

Once you've rebooted we've got to get to configuring. Let's start by changing the ServerTokens directive in httpd.conf

nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Change ServerTokens OS to ServerTokens Major

Add a user for Xymon to use. A popular user is xymon.

Make this easier and enable copy and paste

XYMONUSER=xymon echo $XYMONUSER

The echo should spit out changethis or whatever you want your Xymon user to be.

echo "helo" > /var/www/html/index.html ln -s /etc/init.d/httpd /etc/rc3.d/S83httpd /etc/init.d/httpd start useradd $XYMONUSER passwd $XYMONUSER

Make sure you pick a good password!

chmod o+rx /usr/sbin/fping chmod go+rx /home/$XYMONUSER yum check-update su - $XYMONUSER cd ~ wget http://iweb.dl.sourceforge.net/project/xymon/Xymon/4.3.10/xymon-4.3.10.tar.gz tar -xzf xymon*tar.gz cd xymon*

Now compiling Xymon...

./configure.server

I found fping in /usr/sbin/fping Do you want to use it [Y/n] ? y

Do you want to be able to test SSL-enabled services (y) ? y

Do you want to be able to test LDAP servers (y) ? y Enable experimental support for LDAP/SSL (OpenLDAP 2.x only) (y) ? y

What userid will be running Xymon [xymon] ? $XYMONUSER

At this point accept the defaults until you see...

What group-ID does your webserver use ? apache The rest will use default except the name of the host and IP address. These two options will vary depending on the host's destined network installation. Now compile the code:

make

Now exit out to become root and finish with...

cd /home/$XYMONUSER/xymon* make install

Groundwork Configuration
Let's stop those crawlers at the door!

echo -e User-agent: *"\n"Disallow: / > /var/www/html/robots.txt mkdir -p ~$XYMONUSER/server/www echo -e User-agent: *"\n"Disallow: / > ~$XYMONUSER/server/www/robots.txt

You will need to take the configuration from the Xymon created xymon-apache.conf and place it in the Apache HTTPD running configuration.

cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf.orig cat /home/$XYMONUSER/server/etc/xymon-apache.conf >> /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

and also add some more configuration to httpd.conf around line 292 and 595 (under the Redirect comment)

nano /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

DocumentRoot "/home/xymon/server/www" RedirectMatch ^/robots.txt$ /xymon/robots.txt

Now test the new httpd.conf and restart Apache HTTPD to those configurations.

apachectl configtest apachectl graceful

Create a user for the administrative scripts on Xymon and we're done working with Apache.

htpasswd -c /home/$XYMONUSER/server/etc/xymonpasswd YOURUSERNAME

Next we'll want to steal the Xymon startup script and use it to start Xymon upon entering run level 3.

cd /etc/init.d wget http://iam8up.com/xymon-initd/xymon chmod 755 xymon ln -s /etc/init.d/xymon /etc/rc3.d/S70xymon

YOU ABSOLUTELY MUST MODIFY /etc/init.d/xymon and will probably only need to change STARTBIN, STARTDIR and USERNAME as this example shows:

STARTBIN=Xymon.sh STARTDIR=/home/xymon USERNAME=xymon

Now you want to open the firewall to allow this viewer to see Xymon's web page outputs.

nano /etc/sysconfig/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --destination-port 80 -j ACCEPT

This can go a lot of places, but this works

 * 1) cat /etc/sysconfig/iptables
 * 2) Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
 * 3) Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
 * filter
 * INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
 * FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
 * OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]

-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp --destination-port 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited -A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited COMMIT

SELinux causes a lot of problems for me. You can do it the right way, but this guide is just to get it working.

Disable it for now echo 0 >/selinux/enforce

Disable it upon boot

nano /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=permissive

You will need NTP for a time based application =)

yum -y install ntp cd /etc/rc3.d/ ln -s /etc/init.d/ntpd S11ntpd ntpdate time.iam8up.com /etc/init.d/ntpd start clock -w

Make it so that Xymon has the capability of reading /var/log/messages

chgrp $XYMONUSER /var/log/messages chmod g+r /var/log/messages

Installation Completion
You should have a Xymon server with basic configuration ready to go. You can either reboot to confirm you have a working init script or just start it with

/etc/init.d/xymon start

Wait about 5 seconds for Xymon to do it's initial run and you should be able to browse to your server at http://servername.com/xymon/

Important Network Information
I personally disable SELinux and the firewall on my installations. I have a dedicated firewall and a strong hate for SELinux. I suggest installing security software - at the very least DenyHosts.

If you want to run Xymon under SELinux, here is one recipe System_Monitoring_with_Xymon/Selinux.


text: Template:Dutch Empire

title: Template:Dutch Empire


text:
User talk:92.11.23.151

(Red4tribe (talk) 20:55, 15 May 2008 (UTC))

title: User talk:92.11.23.151


text:
User talk:Tinytabi

Welcome, Tinytabi!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. -within focus 20:55, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tinytabi


text: User talk:72.188.156.201

title: User talk:72.188.156.201


text: User talk:141.157.79.50

title: User talk:141.157.79.50


text: User talk:216.186.97.1

title: User talk:216.186.97.1


text:
Trainz/External Links

Missing a KUID?
Then start with this site:  which uses the power of a bot to search out kuids far and wide on the over four hundred Trainz dedicated websites and tells you not only what site, but which page (i.e. a full url to the page) to goto to find that missing kuid.

Auran & N3V Games Trainz Links
Auran Holdings Pty. Ltd. continues on as a business entity, leasing rights to N3V Games, which currently develops, publishes, and manages the web holdings for Auran. These are private business arrangements that are no one else's business, but consequently, both company names are still in prominent use in the Trainz world.

 * with information on each title and a link to the service packs download page.
 * Among other things, this https (secure internet) portal is where you check your account, register, update your email, subscriptions, etc., and submit service tickets.

 * , a large community and huge source of information on all things Trainz. The beating heart of Trainzdom and Trainz-think where you might find some declaiming about almost anything but non-Trainz topics.
 * The place to go for user-to-user help for your technical hitches, latest screenshots and community views.
 * You can bet that within minutes of a new upgrade release, somewhere around the world Trainzers are awake and soon a bevy of regular veteran Trainzers will be downloading installing it, so it is EXTREMELY unlikely you will see a problem first.
 * In Trainz there are few problems encountered by just one, that haven't been experienced by the many—unless it's a new one the many are suddenly experiencing from a new software upgrade—in which case there will be a rush to share the experience and kvetch about it.

 * Remember to use the search function before asking simple questions in a new thread. Such should be posted to the forum for the version of Trainz you are currently having an issue in.

 * Registration required for posting and advanced functions, but basic viewing is open to everyone.

 * Once logged in you can wade through the almost 100,000 items taking your pick. TRS2006 users may wish to just use CMP.
 * — more often known as the Trainz Wiki, this knowledge resource infopedia is a wiki about Trainz matters, especially content references and a bit of new user help, with a smattering of tutorials on other subjects, particularly content creation.

 * — providing the Trainz Asset Creation Studio (19.2MB), some textures, tutorials and help files. Also the place to obtain the 3D Studio Max plug-ins, Content Dispatcher and various source files.

 * Autodesk . The company and site for 3DS Max. Offers resources, documentation, plug-ins, service packs and the highly rated 3D modelling software, but bring a big wallet. Introductory prices start at about $2,500 (US dollars) and require yearly renewals and individually priced extensions. (i.e. for professionals, not hobbyists)

Content Creation Essentials

 * from Turbosquid — Latter day home of the popular 3D content creation program that built and over half the assets on the Trainz DLS. Discreet may have sold out to Autodesk, and a casual hobbiest paying out several thousand a year for a supported version of  is unrealistic, but Discreet made a very generous deal with, and you can still take advantage of this free promotion!

 * — Home of the increasingly popular open source, 3D content creation suite BLENDER.

 * — Site for all things 3D Canvas.

Content Creation Tutorials

 * — offering plenty of tutorials including the famous HOG/MicroDEM method of creating computer-generated terrain.
 * World of Trainz tutorials. — Once called 'Essential for any beginner', PhilC closed this site down in early 2014 and publicly announced he was done hosting content and providing asset updates. Nor would he be turning his inventory of locomotives to carry on providing. Phil had possibly the most useful tutorials around, with examples in, , and . PhilC, thanks for many years of service to the Trainz community.

Trainz Content Downloads

 * An automatic download site with everything from standard to animated scenery. High detailed drivable over the road trucks, military vehicles, and even motorcycles. Specialized train locomotives and cars.

 * A site providing some Trainz content and a small number of tutorials by a prolific early Trainz asset creator. Most of his content is built in on the DLS. Author search #1942 or tafweb in CM. Unfortunately, age and health have affected him and his 'Good Stuff'.

 * UK site offering UK content downloads. Also includes some of the finest tutorials (by P. Hobbs), hints & tips and GMAX macros.

 * Website representing the professional TPR team. The TPR web board membership is over 5,000 users.

 * Site offering payware and freeware downloads including the Marias Pass-X route amongst several well engineered professional grade routes with new assets. An N3V Games/Auran partner since 2004.

 * A UK site offering DLS downloads and related tutorials.

 * A Slovakian site offering downloads, galleries and forums.

 * Popular, well organized site offering many downloads, some tutorials, links and a few DivX clips.

 * Australian Trainz site with freeware downloads and several useful tutorials.

 * German site with several CDPs for download and a collection of tutorials, mainly in German.

 * US website with downloads, screenshots and updates of ongoing projects.

 * Site with an enourmous collection of custom content as well as tutorials, links and news upcoming projects.

 * Home to the Murchison layouts. Includes downloads and screenshots. Sir Gibby is another iconic Trainz content creator notable not only for narrowgauge, but many scenery and trackside assets.

DEM Related Links

 * DEM means Digital Elevation Model(s)
 * Site of the freeware mapping software, used to open, convert, crop and modify DEMs, satellite imagery and vector data.

 * — The Trainz terrain generation tool that produces your *.gnd files.

 * — useful latitude/longitude conversion tool for those working with Terrain maps and DEM models.

 * — Home of the TransDEM software by Dr. Roland Ziegler, aka Geophil, #126773. The sophisticated application used for getting Digital Elevation Data and Vector overlays into Trainz.

 * Valuable resource for digital elevation data.

 * Valuable US and much non-US resources for digital elevation data.
 * Login required, a bit more complicated than the previous USGS site.

Other Useful Links

 * — Site offering information and updates on the huge narrowgauge project.

 * — Description and screenshots of custom content.

 * — A site offering the Basemap CDPs and instructions on how to use them.

 * — Site offering information on Glasgow Trainz projects.

name="">Razorback-Railway-Classic-Map-and-TS2012, accessdate=2014-0419 had Layouts and activities for TRS2004 (SP4) and TRS2006 (SP1). (This great railway project is likely dead as of March 2014. jenolan (#59904) seems to have lost his interest in upgrading the vast content resources for Trainz to the newest versions though fans have undertaken that task with his permission.
 * — former famed Australian Fantasy Railway website<ref

 * News, reviews and articles of anything related to virtual railroads.

 * — A special site that makes Thomas the Tank engine-style content for Trainz on a route to match. Got little kids in the family?... start here!

 * — Technical and operational tutorials, tips and tricks and utilities for Trainz. A computer professional, Shane practically lives on the Auran forums helping others. Also keeps download links for Service Packs and hotfixes.

title: Trainz/External Links


text:
Trainz/Using Content Creator Plus (CCP)

Content Creator Plus (CCP) is a Trainz database importer program that is included with TRS2006 and later releases. As it has been updated, some of the bugs that plagued the early version have been ironed out and advancements have been made in its usefulness. In essence, the CCP software requires definitions of assets to comply with Trainz standards, and provides fields for filling in and specifying the parameters which define which type asset the asset is (s) and sub-classifications and which Containers that KIND and category-class require. This 'scripts' the user into proper definition, formulation, and assembly of a complete simple or complicated by forcing definition of required s needed by that type asset. Many older Trainz assets can be successfully translated into newer Trainz releases and still exist on the DLS. Many of those were mal-specified however, resulting in a translation problem that the TrainzUtil utility cannot resolve, creating a Trainz Error. Many times such errors are simple typos, or elements no longer used in the Trainz data model schema. These can be fixed using simple tools, most often, just a plain ordinary like the ubiquitous  editor.

CCP now serves the purpose of:

 * Creating a folder for a new asset.
 * Creating a config.txt file for a new asset.
 * Checking assets for errors and reporting them.
 * Allowing the user to edit the config.txt file as they wish, adding containers and tags as need be.

A config.txt may still require manual editing for various reasons, one being the fixing of faulty assets. CCP is accessed from CMP or directly from the Trainz installation folder.

To use the CCP efficiently, it is essential to have the Content Creation Guide (CCG) at hand. For an asset to work correctly, CCP needs to be used with knowledge of Kinds of assets.

Notes and References

 * Notes

 * References or Footnotes

title: Trainz/Using Content Creator Plus (CCP)


text:
User talk:Hpfanforever~enwikibooks

heyy y'all. may anme is ali!!

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Hpfanforever. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Hpfanforever~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:17, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:02, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hpfanforever~enwikibooks


text:
K-12 School Computer Networking/Introduction

Introduction
Welcome to the K-12 School Computer Network wiki book!

Who is this book for?
This book is specifically targeted for the average K-12 school technical coordinator. The book is also useful for any educator interested in understanding the technology that envelops the school environment. Just as you do not need to be an auto mechanic to drive a car, it does help to understand the basics of its operation.

Where does this come from?
This book is the effort of a multiple sessions of a course taught at Teachers College, Columbia University titled "Managing Educational Technology Resources". The authors are graduate students at Teachers Colleges and this book is an integral part of their course work.

Many of the students are either practicing technical coordinators in K-12 schools or are training with that goal in mind. This book is intended as a resource for K-12 technical coordinators in the field. Please leave comments and post ideas for new sections -- and of course, add content of your own. The course at Teachers College is password protected, but you can leave comments that you don't feel belong here in the instructor's technology blog: Technology on a Shoestring.

Why this book?
As an instructor with more than twenty years of experience, one of the clearest lessons I've learned is that the closer an assignment comes to meeting a real situation, the better the resulting learning. It's one thing to ask a student to write as if the instructor was a member of the public or to have another student fill that role; it's entirely different when there really is a public – you are that public.

As for why Wiki Books, the answer is that this may be the best possible location to expose this information to the largest number of people.

When will it be done?
The first edition will start in June and complete at the end of July. This will certainly not complete the book, but it should provide enough information as to make it useful. Generally, the course on Managing Educational Technology Resources is taught every other semester and during the summer. The first classes will focus on the basic writing with following classes adding extra materials and multimedia content.

What does it cover?
Yes, there are books here on Wiki Books that cover ICT in education and various aspects of instructional technology. While valuable, they do not address the issues school technical coordinators have in putting all these elements together. Perhaps there is the assumption that technical coordinators are essentially the equivalent of a corporate network administrator. Yes, the firewalls and Ethernet cabling may be the same, but the meager school budgets and the unique environment of the school make the application of networking technology radically different from that experienced by the average corporate network administrator.


text:
Talk:HyperText Markup Language/Standard Attributes List

This is a layout of the attribute pages:

== Description ==

put the description in here

== Tags ==

put the tags that use the attribute here

== Link ==

Any links

This is not final of course, but it is a start. --Grich (talk) 01:51, 16 May 2008 (UTC)


text:
User talk:71.51.120.193

(Red4tribe (talk) 03:22, 16 May 2008 (UTC))

title: User talk:71.51.120.193


text: User talk:200.181.138.58

title: User talk:200.181.138.58


text:
K-12 School Computer Networking

K-12 School Networking: An Online Resource for the Technical Coordinator

Table of contents

 * /Introduction/
 * /Methodology/

 * 1) Introduction to School Computer Networking
 * 2) Understanding a Network
 * 3) Computer Operating Systems
 * 4) Designing a Network
 * 5) Specialized Services
 * 6) Elements of Network Infrastructure
 * 7) Vendor Relationships
 * 8) Server Types and Roles
 * 9) Security Fundamentals
 * 10) Understanding Malware
 * 11) Spam, Phishing & Hoaxes
 * 12) Firewalls
 * 13) Backup Strategies
 * 14) Text-based Communications
 * 15) Disaster Planning
 * 16) School Websites
 * 17) Blogs & Wikis
 * 18) Troubleshooting Strategies
 * 19) Remote Control
 * 20) Fundamentals of the Internet
 * 21) Staff Relations
 * 22) Effective use of Volunteers
 * 23) Career Strategies
 * 24) Educational Grant Writing for Technology
 * 25) Distance Learning
 * 26) Multimedia
 * 27) Search Engine
 * 28) Quality Control
 * 29) Computer Based Communications
 * 30) Netbooks in Schools
 * 31) WIFI in Schools
 * 32) Digital Citizenship
 * 33) Teaching and Technology
 * 34) Free/Open Source Software and Learning/Course/Content Management Systems

title: K-12 School Computer Networking


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User:Nillerdk

Kyselo
Sauerteigsuppe, Riesengebirgesuppe

http://www.chefkoch.de/forum/2,58,256247/Sauerteigsuppe.html http://www.cot.cz/zobrazcl.php?id=5156

Rødbede
Opskrifter og lidt baggrund: http://www.landbrugslauget.dk/Forside/gamleNyhedsbreve/2005_43.htm

200 gram sukker ½ liter eddike 3-4 hele nelliker 8 sorte peberkorn. 2-3 laurbærblade 1 hel stang vanilje - flæk den og skrab frøene ud, og kog stang og frø med i lagen Evt. skiver af peberrod og chilikapsler

Tarhonya
Fry dry tarhonya in a pot with a bit of oil. After app. 5 minutes or when the tarhonya start to to turn brown, cover with cold water (2 volume units of water per 1 unit tarhonya) and continue heating. Don't stir anymore at all. When starting to boil, add salt to water and let simmer with lid on low heat until all water is absorbed. Fits letscho well.

Tarhonya is a traditional staple food which was made at home in large amounts by pressing the dry dough of flour, eggs and salt through a coarse sieve onto a big table (taking care that the small irregular balls didn't stick together). The tarhonya was then allowed to dry on the table (in the winther near the fire place, in the summer outside) and when completely dry, packed in sacks for storage. Tarhonya is today seldomly made at home, but can be bought in any Hungarian food store.

Wikipedia:User:Nillerdk

Commons:User:Nillerdk

title: User:Nillerdk


text:
User:PMarmottant/Physics at smaller scales

Microscopic scales found in fluids
$$ d \sim 0.1 \;\mathrm{nm}$$ $$ d \sim (1/\rho)^{1/3}\sim(kT/P)^{1/3}\sim 3 \;\mathrm{nm}$$ $$ \lambda = k T/\sqrt{2}\pi \delta^2 P\simeq 61 \; \mathrm{nm}$$, with $$\pi\delta^2$$ the effective collision cross-section.
 * Distance between molecules in a liquid:
 * Distance between molecules in a gas:
 * Free mean path between collisition in a gas, air at ambient pressure:

Size of objects of interest embedded in a liquids, example of biological elements

 * Protein, lipid molecule of the membrane: 1 nm
 * Virus: 10 nm
 * Cell: 1-10 μm

Hierarchy of forces
The surface to volume ratio increases when the size decreases.
 * Size of the object: $$l^1$$
 * Surface: $$l^2$$
 * Volume and mass: $$l^3$$

Importance of forces, as a function of distance $$d$$ or object size $$l$$ The effects at the beginning of the table become increasingly present when down-sizing.

Insects can walk on water
A contact line occurs on the legs of these insects. The leg surface is hydrophobic, and therefore the surfaced is curved downwards, which creates an upward tension force.

The typical leg diameter is l, and we can estimate the intensity of the forces:

 * Capillary force scales like $$ \sigma \pi l$$, with $$\sigma$$ the surface tension, a force per unit length whose value is $$\sigma=70.10^{-3} \mathrm{N/m}$$
 * Weight scales like $$ \rho g l^3$$

Therefore weight is comparable to the capillary force at the characteristic leghtscale:

 * $$l^*=\sqrt{\frac{\sigma}{\rho g}}\simeq 3 \, \mathrm{mm}$$

Below this length capillary forces are preponderant.

Smaller but stronger
How many times can you lift people of your size?

The structure of muscles is universal in the animal kingdom, with similar fibers of diameter $$l_0$$. Each fiber can exert a maximum force $$f$$. The number of fibers is $$\scriptstyle l^2/l_0^2$$
 * Muscular force exerted by a muscle therefore scales like
 * $$F\sim P l^2\,$$

with $$\scriptstyle P=f/l_0^2$$ the maximum stress exerted by a fiber. It is a "Natural" constant, independent of the size. It can be evaluated for human beings as $$\scriptstyle P\sim F/l^2=100\; \mathrm{N}/10\;\mathrm{cm}^2\simeq 10^4 \;\mathrm{N}$$, where we computed the typical force exerted by a muscle divided by its typical section area.
 * The weight scales like
 * $$W \sim \rho g l^3\,$$

The number of people you can lift is therefore
 * $$N=\frac{F}{W}=\frac{P}{\rho g l}=\frac{H}{l}$$

with $$H\simeq 1 \; \mathrm{m}$$ a constant independent of size.

Humans (l~1m) can lift 1 people Small ants (l~1mm) can lift 1000 people!

Note, that this force is used by a particuliar species of ants to jump. These ants strike their mandibules on the ground with a force that is 300 times its own weight, and propell themselves up to 10cm in height .


text:
File:LibraryWindowButton.png

Licensing
/Images

title: File:LibraryWindowButton.png


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File:MontageWindowButton.png

Licensing
/Images

title: File:MontageWindowButton.png


text:
File:NewProjectButton.png

Licensing
/Images

title: File:NewProjectButton.png


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File:SaveProjectButton.png

Licensing
/Images

title: File:SaveProjectButton.png


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Licensing
/Images

title: File:OpenProjectButton.png


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Celestia/Star Database Format

See also this page on GitHub.

The stars.dat file contains information about stars in a binary format. The byte order is little-endian. The format is as follows:

A 14-byte file header: 8-byte character string  "CELSTARS" 2-byte unsigned integer  version number = 0x0100 4-byte unsigned integer  number of records in file

Followed by records of length 20 bytes of the form: 4-byte unsigned integer  Hipparcos catalog number (=0 for Sol) 4-byte floating point    x-coordinate in light years 4-byte floating point    y-coordinate in light years 4-byte floating point    z-coordinate in light years 2-byte signed integer    absolute magnitude * 256 2-byte unsigned integer  spectral class

The x, y and z coordinates are calculated as follows

$$\left(\!\begin{array}{c}x \\ y \\ z\end{array}\!\right) =\left(\begin{array}{ccc} 1 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & \cos\epsilon & \sin\epsilon \\ 0 & -\sin\epsilon & \cos\epsilon\end{array}\right) \left(\!\begin{array}{c} d \cos\theta\sin\phi \\ d \cos\phi \\ -d \sin\theta\sin\phi\end{array}\!\right)$$

where d is the distance in light years, θ = RA + 180°, φ = Dec − 90° and ε = 23.4392911°.

Spectral class
The spectral class is written as four hexadecimal digits 0xKTSL.

The K digit represents the kind of object, these are: K=0  normal star K=1  white dwarf K=2  neutron star K=3  black hole

The T digit represents the spectral type. It has different meanings depending on whether the object is a normal star or a white dwarf. This digit is ignored when the object is a neutron star or black hole.

normal stars           white dwarfs - T=0  spectral type O         spectral type DA T=1   spectral type B         spectral type DB T=2   spectral type A         spectral type DC T=3   spectral type F         spectral type DO T=4   spectral type G         spectral type DQ T=5   spectral type K         spectral type DZ T=6   spectral type M         unknown spectral type D T=7   spectral type R         spectral type DX T=8   spectral type S T=9   spectral type N T=a   spectral type WC T=b   spectral type WN T=c   unknown spectral type T=d  spectral type L T=e   spectral type T T=f   spectral type C

The S digit represents the spectral subtype. This digit is ignored for neutron stars and black holes. S=0  spectral subtype 0 S=1  spectral subtype 1 S=2  spectral subtype 2 S=3  spectral subtype 3 S=4  spectral subtype 4 S=5  spectral subtype 5 S=6  spectral subtype 6 S=7  spectral subtype 7 S=8  spectral subtype 8 S=9  spectral subtype 9 S=a  unknown spectral subtype

The L digit represents the luminosity class. This digit is only relevant for normal stars. L=0  luminosity class Ia-O L=1  luminosity class Ia L=2   luminosity class Ib L=3   luminosity class II L=4   luminosity class III L=5  luminosity class IV L=6   luminosity class V L=7   luminosity class VI (also written as prefix sd) L=8  unknown luminosity class

Thus a star of spectral type G2V uses the number 0x0426.

Old format
Prior to version 1.4.0, Celestia used a slightly different stars.dat format.

A 4-byte file header of the form: 4-byte unsigned integer  number of records

Followed by records of length 25: 4-byte unsigned integer  Hipparcos catalog number 4-byte unsigned integer  HD catalog number 4-byte floating point    Right Ascension in degrees 4-byte floating point    Declination in degrees 4-byte floating point    Parallax (in milliarcseconds?) 2-byte signed integer    Apparent magnitude * 256 2-byte unsigned integer  Spectral class 1-byte unsigned integer  Parallax error * 200

Note that for current versions of Celestia, the HD catalog numbers are stored in the hdxindex.dat file.

title: Celestia/Star Database Format


text:
User talk:203.214.87.151

(Red4tribe (talk) 10:54, 16 May 2008 (UTC))

title: User talk:203.214.87.151


text:
User:Graviphoton (usurped)

hi

title: User:Graviphoton (usurped)


text: User talk:202.67.76.77

title: User talk:202.67.76.77


text:
Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...d5/2. g3

Hello. I don't know how to mess with the formatting on this page, but it seems that the "Nf6" link actually links to d5. I'm pretty sure the link is correct (d5 is a common response in this opening), but the labelling is wrong. I would change it myself, but I don't know how.


text: Category:High-importance chess articles

title: Category:High-importance chess articles


text:
Talk:Prolog/Input and Output

I'm a newbie in prolog, so please check for correctness. --Zslevi (talk) 13:34, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Prolog/Input and Output


text:
User:PMarmottant/Fluid dynamics equation

The motion of fluid is described by applying the fundamental law of mechanics, known as Newton's second law, not on a point particle but on a fluid.

Fluid particle

A fluid particle is a volume, large enough to contain smooth the molecular variations, but small compared to the system size. It is has mesoscopic character, intermediate between a microscopic (molecular) and macroscopic description. A continuum approach is possible.

In liquids the fluid particle size an be larger than molecules and smaller than micrometric channels.

In gases the mean free path $$\lambda$$ can be not smaller than the microsystem size, a specific approach is necessary.

The continuum approach allows to define, as a function of the position in space $$\mathbf{r}$$ and the time $$t$$:
 * $$\rho (\mathbf{r},t)$$, the mass density (unit kg/m^3)
 * $$\mathbf{u}(\mathbf{r},t)$$, the velocity (unit m/s)

Mass conservation
It writes
 * $$\frac{\partial \rho}{\partial t} + \nabla \cdot (\rho \mathbf{v}) = 0$$

For incompressible fluids (which is almost the case with liquids, and gases at velocities small in front of the speed of sound), $$\rho=\mathrm{cst}$$, and mass conservation implies a specific flow field that is divergence free,  $$\scriptstyle div(\mathbf{v})=0$$.

Forces within a fluid

Two kind of forces are present in a fluid:
 * Isotropic normal force: the pressure. They provide a component
 * $$d\mathbf{f}=-p\, \mathbf{n}\,dS$$on a small element of surface $$dS$$, $$\mathbf{n}$$ being the outward normal to volume element.

 * Shear forces: due to internal friction they provide a component
 * $$d\mathbf{f}=\mathbf{\tau}\, .\, \mathbf{n}\, dS$$, with $$\mathbf{\tau}$$ the shear stress tensor.

For a Newtonian fluid the shear stress tensor components are given by
 * $$\tau_{ij}=\mu\left(\frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x_j}+\frac{\partial u_j}{\partial x_i} \right)$$

where $$\mu$$ is the viscosity.

Navier-Stokes equation
For a Newtonian fluid the Navier-stokes equation writes
 * $$\rho \left(\frac{\partial \mathbf{v}}{\partial t} + \mathbf{v} \cdot \nabla \mathbf{v}\right) = -\nabla p + \mu \nabla^2 \mathbf{v} + \mathbf{f}$$

The second term on the left hand side comes from the inertia of the fluid. It is a non-linear term that produces history dependent effect very present at the human scale or larger scale:
 * swirls, tornados
 * turbulence
 * propulsive forces

However at small scales inertia is damped by viscous effects (second term on the right) that are preponderant. The Reynolds number provides an estimation of the ratio inertial forces/viscous forces: if the typical velocity of the fluid is $$u$$, and the typical size $$l$$
 * $$R\!e=\frac{\rho u l}{\mu}$$.

At small scales $$R\!e\ll1$$, and the second term $$\mathbf{v} \cdot \nabla \mathbf{v}$$ can be neglected, the Navier-Stokes equation becomes the Stokes equation. This equation is linear and easier to solve.
 * $$\rho \frac{\partial \mathbf{v}}{\partial t} = -\nabla p + \mu \nabla^2 \mathbf{v} + \mathbf{f}$$

The velocity field solution of these equations is linear in applied stresses meaning:
 * the solution is unique (whereas the full Navier-Stokes equation gives rise to turbulence and instabilities)
 * the solution is reversed when the forces are reversed: it is impossible to create a fluid "diode" at small scales

It can also be shown that the solution minimizes the total dissipated power.

Boundary conditions
The equations of motions can be solved when boundary conditions are given at the surface of the fluid.

For usual liquids
there is a no-slip boundary condition, $$\mathbf{u}=\mathbf{0}$$at the surface

For gases, and for some non-wetting liquids
For gases, the Knudsen number compares the mean free path to the typical lengthscale of the flow.
 * $$Kn=\frac{\lambda}{l}$$

For $$Kn<0.003$$ the continuum approach still holds with no slip at the interface. For $$Kn>0.01$$ a molecular approach is necessary. For intermediate numbers $$0.003<Kn<0.01$$, Navier-Stokes still holds but there is a slip at the solid surface, defined by the Navier length $$L_s$$, such that the slip velocity of the fluid is
 * $$u_s=L_s\frac{\partial u_x}{\partial z}$$

with $$z$$ the distance to the surface. Usually $$L_s\simeq \lambda$$

For liquids, the debate is still open...


text:
Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. Nf3/1...d5/2. c4

dc
Wikipedia and this youtube video say White should not take the pawn. Both give a line different from the one presented here. Xodó (talk) 00:55, 8 April 2009 (UTC)


text: Category:Mid-importance chess articles

title: Category:Mid-importance chess articles


text: Category:Low-importance chess articles

title: Category:Low-importance chess articles


text:
User:Raya Yunakova

I'm 3 year student at Technical University of Sofia. This page is under construction.

title: User:Raya Yunakova


text:
User:PMarmottant/BookMicrofluidics

Prologue
This book will deal with the basic physical principles involved in microfluidics. We hope it will provide a background knowledge to consult more specialized books or article.

Table of Contents

 * 1) http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:PMarmottant/Introduction
 * 2) http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:PMarmottant/Physics_at_smaller_scales
 * 3) http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:PMarmottant/Fluid_dynamics_equation
 * 4) http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:PMarmottant/Hydraulic_resistance_and_capacity
 * 5) http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:PMarmottant/Capillary_effects

title: User:PMarmottant/BookMicrofluidics


text: Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...e6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nc6


text: Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6

title: Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...d6


text:
Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...c5

The theory table for Panov-Botvinnik Attack is wrong. Why does Black play Nf6 twice? Chinhnt2k3 (discuss • contribs) 12:34, 9 February 2011 (UTC)


text: Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. g3


text: User talk:66.60.226.100

title: User talk:66.60.226.100


text: User talk:Trustinme

title: User talk:Trustinme


text: User talk:Trustinme2

title: User talk:Trustinme2


text:
User talk:208.57.65.217

Join Us!
-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:49, 16 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:208.57.65.217


text:
Chess/Algebraic notation

Algebraic notation is used to record and describe the moves in a game of chess. It is now standard among all chess organizations and most books, magazines, and newspapers.

Naming squares on the board
Each square of the chessboard is identified with a unique pair of a letter and a number. The vertical files are labeled a through h, from White's left to White's right. Similarly, the horizontal ranks are numbered from 1 to 8, starting from White's home rank. Each square of the board, then, is uniquely identified by its file letter and rank number. The white king, for example, starts the game on square e1. The black knight on b8 can move to a6 and c6. Chess notations are a way to determine any unique point on the board.

Naming the pieces
Each type of piece (other than pawns) is identified by an uppercase letter, usually the first letter in the name of that piece in whatever language is spoken by the player recording.
 * K for king
 * Q for queen
 * R for rook
 * B for bishop
 * N for knight (since K is already used).

Pawns are not indicated by a letter, but by the absence of such a letter—it is not necessary to distinguish between pawns for normal moves, as only one pawn can move to any one square.

Notation for moves
Each move of a piece is indicated by the piece's letter, plus the coordinate of the destination square. For example Be5 (move a bishop to e5), Nf3 (move a knight to f3), c5 (move a pawn to c5—no initial in the case of pawn moves).

Notation for captures
When a piece makes a capture, an x is inserted between the initial and the destination square. For example, Bxe5 (bishop captures the piece on e5). When a pawn makes a capture, the file from which the pawn departed is used in place of a piece initial. For example, exd5 (pawn on the e-file captures the piece on d5).

Disambiguating moves
If two (or more) identical pieces can move to the same square, the piece's initial is followed by (in descending order of preference):
 * 1) the file of departure if they differ;
 * 2) the rank of departure if the files are the same but the ranks differ;
 * 3) both the file and rank if neither alone uniquely defines the piece (after a pawn promotion, if three or more of the same piece are able to reach the square).

For example:

 * With two knights on g1 and d2, either of which might move to f3, the move is indicated as Ngf3 or Ndf3, as appropriate.

 * With two knights on g5 and g1, the moves are N5f3 or N1f3.

 * With three knights on e1, g5, and g1, the moves are Nef3, N5f3, or Ng1f3.

As above, an x may be used to indicate a capture: for example, Nexf3, N5xf3, and Ng1xf3.

Pawn promotion
If a pawn moves to its last rank, achieving promotion, the piece chosen is indicated after the move, for example f8Q, f8B, or f8(Q). The use of f8=Q is discouraged for technical reasons.

Castling
Castling is indicated by the special notations O-O (or 0-0) for kingside castling and O-O-O (or 0-0-0) for queenside castling.

Check and checkmate

 * A move which places the opponent's king in check usually has the notation "+" added.
 * Double check is sometimes represented "++".
 * Checkmate can likewise be indicated "#" (some use "++" or "mate" instead).

End of game
The notation 1-0 at the end of the moves indicates that white won, 0-1 indicates that black won, and ½-½ indicates a draw. Often there is no special indication of how a player won (other than checkmate, see above), so simply "1-0" or "0-1" may be written to show that one player resigned. Sometimes the word "Resigns" (or "White resigns" or "Black resigns" as appropriate) is used to show this.

Example
1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5 Nf6 4.O-O. Moves may be interspersed with text. When the score resumes with a black move, an ellipsis (...) takes the place of the white move, for example:

 * 1.e4 e5
 * 2.Nf3
 * Black now defends his pawn'''
 * 2...Nc6
 * 3.Bb5 Nf6
 * 4.O-O

An ellipsis is also used when a score starts with a Black move (when the score is not of a complete game but starts from a diagrammed position). However, helpmates usually use an opposite convention; Black moves first by default and White moves are indicated with an ellipsis if no Black move precedes.

 * Please note: There is no space between the period and the term. When correct algebraic notation is used, a .txt file may be renamed with the .pgn extension to create a working .pgn file that can be loaded by any modern chess program that reads .pgn files.

Regarding specific moves
The following short-hand notations are sometimes used to comment single moves:

Regarding specific positions
The following short-hand notations are sometimes used to describe the annotator's view of the balance of strength between White and Black, in respect to a specific position on the board:

Future reading
This page covers algebraic notation use on Wikibooks, for a detailed general usage see Wikipedia's Algebraic notation.

title: Chess/Algebraic notation


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Chess/Opening theory table

This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.

A chess opening theory table or ECO (Encyclopedia of Chess Openings) table presents lines of moves, typically (but not always) from the starting position. Notated chess moves are presented in the table from left to right. Variations on a given line are given horizontally below the parent line.

Theory tables on Wikibooks
Theory tables are a way of representing chess variations from a position in a quick reference manner. Chess opening books sometimes make extensive use of them to represent a good amount of information in a compact form. Here on Wikibooks the compactness is not so useful, but the quick reference manner can help the chess player familiar with theory tables quickly locate the information required.

Arrangement
Chess opening theory tables are commonly published in opening books with annotations by experienced chess players. These tables are typically arranged in a compact manner to allow experienced players to see variations from a position quickly. Usually, the table indicates that either White or Black has equal, slightly better, or better chances at the end of the variation. Sometimes, this information is distilled down to mere symbols or the percentage of games (usually tournament games) where White won – no information is usually given on what the assessment is based on or how to proceed in the game.

Notation
Typically, each table has a heading indicating the moves required to reach the position for which the table provides an analysis. The first row provides the move numbers with subsequent row representing different variations. White half-moves are shown above black half-moves. Ellipses (...) represent moves that, for the variation, are identical to the variation above. Bold type indicates that another variation is considered elsewhere – usually in another table. A dash (-) indicates that the variation transposes to a variation elsewhere. Transpositions are common in chess – a given position can often be reached by different move orders – even move orders with more or fewer moves.

It is common to add notes regarding whether a certain variation is considered better for White or for Black. This is done at the end (i.e. to the right) of every variation, using shorthand notation regarding specific positions. For instance, the remark += (or +/=) indicates that White has a slight advantage. If reversed (=+ or =/+) this would be true for Black instead.

Example 1
'''1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e5'''

Example 2
1.e4 Nf6

Shortcomings
Chess opening theory books that provide these tables are usually quite large and difficult for beginners to use. Because the table entries typically do not include the themes or goals involved in a given line, beginners will either try to memorize the tables (not an easy task) or simply drown in the detail. Chess Opening Theory aims to bridge this gap by providing this type of information at the end of each line.

External sources of chess theory tables

 * Aleksandar Matanovic, editor, Encyclopaedia of Chess Openings, 5 volumes (Belgrade: Šahovski informator)

title: Chess/Opening theory table


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User talk:Hristina Malakova68

Welcome to Wikibooks, Hristina Malakova68!

title: User talk:Hristina Malakova68