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User talk:Tab lt

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
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 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 13:40, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

How To Read The Silmarillion
In passing - I was not sure if you were aware of this book and whether it was of any interest/use to you? Not one of Wikibooks finest but could be relevant to refer to maybe. Thanks and regards -- Herby talk thyme 12:54, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tab lt


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User talk:210.10.164.139

Apologies - wrong IP page - please ignore the message - sorry -- Herby talk thyme 14:23, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:210.10.164.139


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User talk:194.154.22.51

Welcome to Wikibooks. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our collection. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 14:20, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Glaisher (discuss • contribs) 10:27, 24 January 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:194.154.22.51


text:
User talk:194.154.22.35

Attention:

This, is registered to RM Education Ltd and may be shared by multiple users. If the institution uses proxy servers, this IP address may represent many users at many physical computers.

For this reason, a message intended for one person may be received by another. Similarly, an innocent user may be blocked for another user's vandalism. If you are editing from this address and are frustrated by irrelevant messages, you can avoid them by creating an account for yourself. In some cases you may temporarily be unable to create an account due to efforts to deal with vandalism. Caution should be used when blocking this IP or reverting its contributions without checking - if a block is needed, administrators should consider a soft block

Welcome to Wikibooks. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our collection. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 14:20, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

Please note that this is a school IP address shared by many pupils. Thanks. --194.154.22.35 14:10, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:194.154.22.35


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User talk:62.172.213.137

Welcome to Wikibooks. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our collection. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thanks. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Urbane User (talk • contribs) 15:21, 26 Jan 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:62.172.213.137


text:
Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters

These are the major characters of Lord of the Rings. If you want, see the entire list

The Fellowship
The Fellowship of the Ring. The most prominently featured characters in the book The Fellowship of the Ring.
 * Aragorn
 * /Boromir/
 * Frodo
 * /Gandalf/
 * Gimli
 * Legolas
 * Merry
 * Pippin
 * Sam

Races

 * /Elves/
 * /Dwarves/
 * /Men/

Enemies

 * /Morgoth/
 * /Sauron/
 * /Saruman/
 * /Orcs/

Families

 * Baggins
 * Banks
 * Boffin
 * Bolger
 * Bracegirdle
 * Brandagamba
 * Brandybuck
 * Brockhouse
 * Burrowes
 * Burrows
 * Chubb
 * Chubb-Baggins
 * Cotton


text: Template:Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Character


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Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Meriadoc Brandybuck

Meriadoc Brandybuck, usually referred to as Merry, is featured throughout The Lord of the Rings, and was part of The Fellowship of the Ring.

Merry, a Hobbit, was born in the year 2982 of the Third Age.

A lover of boats and maps, Merry is described as one of Frodo's closest friends and is related to him several times over.

Merry accompanied Frodo on the Quest of Mount Doom. Captured by Orcs with his friend, Peregrin Took, they were separated from the rest of The Fellowship of the Ring, but escaped and became the first mortals for centuries to encounter the Ents of Fangorn Forest. Merry was present at the destruction of Isengard, and rode to the Battle of the Pelennor with the Rohirrim. There, he won great renown, for with Éowyn of Rohan he defeated and slew the Lord of the Nazgûl.


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User:Lazy-lump

About me
Hi, I'm Arthur; I live in England, and am currently doing some work on the Blender 'Noob to pro' wikibook.

Contact
Email, MSN and Google Talk: lazylumpster at gmail dot com

My website is at www.artyt.co.uk.

title: User:Lazy-lump


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ERP Internals/Data Tables/Supporting Tables

This list of tables covers the hundreds of small, simple, infrequently changed tables that support the major tables. They are documented here as if they are separate tables. For performance reasons, supporting tables are often stored as a single block rather than as individual tables.

 * Account Type
 * Accounts Payable Hold Reason
 * Accounts Payable Terms
 * Accounts Receivable Terms
 * Bank Account Type
 * Branch
 * Category
 * Contact Group
 * Contact Type
 * Contact Interaction Type
 * Country
 * Customer Type
 * Department
 * Employee Type
 * Fiscal Period
 * FOB
 * Gender
 * Item Type
 * Language
 * Marital Status
 * NAICS
 * Order Entry/Invoicing Hold Reason
 * Pay Frequency
 * Price List
 * Purchasing Hold Reason
 * Purchase Order Status
 * Quotation/Estimate Status
 * Salutation
 * Ship Via
 * State/Province
 * Supplier Type
 * UOM


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ERP Internals/Data Tables/Supporting Tables/Accounts Payable Terms

This table contains one record for every Accounts Payable Terms.

Used by: Accounts Payable

Key: Accounts Payable Term

Fields:
 * Accounts Payable Term
 * Due Days
 * Discount Days
 * Discount Percentage


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ERP Internals/Data Tables/Supporting Tables/Accounts Receivable Terms

This table contains one record for every Accounts Receivable Terms.

Used by: Accounts Receivable

Key: Accounts Receivable Term

Fields:
 * Accounts Receivable Term
 * Due Days
 * Discount Days
 * Discount Percentage


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ERP Internals/Data Tables/Supporting Tables/FOB

This table contains one record for every FOB possibility.

Used by: Order Entry/Invoicing, Quotation/Estimate

Key: FOB

Fields:
 * FOB


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ERP Internals/Data Tables/Supporting Tables/Ship Via

This table contains one record for every shipping method.

Used by: Order Entry/Invoicing, Quotation/Estimate

Key: Ship Method

Fields:
 * Ship Method


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User talk:85.180.83.253

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
 * The use of a username of your choice
 * The ability to view all your contributions via a "My contributions" link
 * Your own user page
 * Your own talk page which, if you choose, also allows users to send you messages without knowing your e-mail address
 * The use of your own personal watchlist to which you can add articles that interest you
 * The ability to rename pages.
 * The ability to upload images
 * The ability to customize the appearance and behavior of the website
 * The eligibility to become an administrator
 * The right to be heard in votes and elections
 * Your IP address will no longer be visible to other users.

We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

-- Herby talk thyme 17:36, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:85.180.83.253


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ERP Internals/Data Tables/Supporting Tables/UOM

This table contains one record for every UOM.

Used by: Inventory, Purchasing

Key: UOM

Fields:
 * UOM


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Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Frodo Baggins

Frodo Baggins is the primary protagonist in The Lord of the Rings. The novel depends crucially on his decisions and actions. Frodo was the son of Drogo Baggins and Primula Brandybuck, and the heir of Bilbo. Frodo was bearer of the One Ring on his journey to Mount Doom.

Childhood
Frodo, the child of the respectable Drogo Baggins and Primula Brandybuck, was born on 22 September of S.R. 1368 in the Third Age. Orphaned at an early age, he was adopted by Bilbo Baggins.


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ERP Internals/Data Tables/Supporting Tables/Accounts Payable Hold Reason

This table contains one record for every Accounts Payable Hold Reason.

Used by: Accounts Payable

Key: Hold Reason

Fields:
 * Hold Reason


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ERP Internals/Data Tables/Supporting Tables/Order Entry/Invoicing Hold Reason

This table contains one record for every Order Entry/Invoicing Hold Reason.

Used by: Order Entry/Invoicing

Key: Hold Reason

Fields:
 * Hold Reason


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ERP Internals/Data Tables/Supporting Tables/Purchasing Hold Reason

This table contains one record for every Purchasing Hold Reason.

Used by: Purchasing

Key: Hold Reason

Fields:
 * Hold Reason


text: Category:Book:Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Baggins


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ERP Internals/Data Tables/Maintenance

This table contains one record for every maintenance performed.

Used by: Service Management

Key: Transaction Number

Fields:
 * Transaction Number (a unique number assigned by the ERP package)
 * Unit Number
 * Date
 * Type
 * Hours
 * Notes

title: ERP Internals/Data Tables/Maintenance


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Miskito/Links

Miskitu bila ra
TEXTS IN MISKITO

(B) = bilingual (Miskito plus another language) (Tr) = translation (i.e. the main link is a text in Miskito, which is the Miskito translation of a text in another language)

 * Leyendas mayagnas, miskitas y creole de Nicaragua I (B)
 * Leyendas mayagnas, miskitas y creole de Nicaragua II (B)
 * Leyenda del Río Coco · Wangki Awala Aisbuni Takan Ba Sturka (B)
 * Sukia (Chamán) (B)
 * Nahki tilba ai bila baikra tikan ba - Cómo perdió la voz el danto (Tr)
 * Matis smatkira lupia - story (no translation)
 * Un himno a la identidad: Moskitia Painkira (B)
 * Ta upla almuk nani blasi plakinka ba dahra aisi sa (Tr)
 * Indian tawanka promotorka nani ba asla takan nahki ta tukbi, karna dauki, tawan ba pawanka ra brih wapaya dukiara - CEJUDHCAN
 * Brih wapaia laka, kaina sunaia, bara raika tawan aisaia upla nani raika sida mapara (Tr)
 * La wapni mankan No. 462. Apahkaia laka brih pakaia bara tanka wal brih impakaia unta dusa nani dukiara - Reglamento Forestal (Tr) + alternative location
 * Liksan kuntri aiskara 2006 ra (Tr)
 * Nicaragua kuntrikara la papaskra nani: La no. 445 (Tr)
 * Kuntri iliksanka Nani, 2006 manka ra (Tr)
 * Kaisa yawan nani aisaia tankira ra kulkanka ra miskaia warkka daukaia ba dukia ra (Tr?)
 * Upla sut Raitka nani ba Tasba aiska laka ba Bapuia · Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Miskito (Tr) + a plain text version
 * Prah bila  nani pat lua kaya tanka ba no. 11 - UNICEF document about the rights of indigenous children; no exact translation found but see here
 * The Way To God (Tr)
 * Rilidian kuninkira tnata aimakanka ba pat baila sa! - "Watchtower" Jehova's Witnesses website, with several Miskito pages (Tr)
 * Nahki nu takaya raid God warkka dadaukra kum (Tr)
 * ¿Dia muni shars manas bara sa? - ¿Por Qué Existen Tantas Iglesias? (Tr)
 * Informe de Proyecto de Electificación (contains fairly extensive Miskito text)
 * La celebración de la muerte (contains Miskito text)

Miskitu bila wals
LISTEN TO MISKITO

 * Gospel Recordings Network: Miskito — sound recordings

Miskitu bila dukiara
RESOURCES FOR AND ABOUT THE LANGUAGE

(T) = contains Miskito text

 * Ethnologue
 * Miskito und ihre Sprache - Miskitos and their language: in English except for the title (T)
 * Wikipedia article on the Miskito language (stub)
 * Wikipedia article on the Misumalpan languages
 * Wikipedia article on Miskito grammar
 * A grammar of the Miskito language
 * Lengua Miskito (PROEL: Promotora Española de Lingüística) — short page containing several errors
 * Wikipedia article on the Miskito language (typological overview)
 * Diccionario Miskito by Danilo Salamanca
 * Miskitu - Ulwa - Spanish - English dictionary
 * Covert clause structure in the Miskitu noun phrase
 * Mediated Intertextuality in Pretend Play among Nicaraguan Miskitu Children (T)
 * A Lexicographic Study of Ulwa by Thomas Michael Green
 * Dictionary of the Ulwa Language (includes sentences translated into Miskito)
 * Bibliography

Miskitu nani dukiara
ABOUT THE MISKITO PEOPLE

 * Wikipedia article on the Miskito people
 * Wikipedia article on the Mosquito Coast
 * Wikipedia article on La Mosquitia
 * Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte, Nicaragua en la América Central
 * La Nación Moskitia en Internet
 * Miskito Indian
 * 1681 account
 * Honduran Miskitos
 * Royal ark : Mosquitos
 * Cuentos y leyendas de Nicaragua

title: Miskito/Links


text:
Template:Miskito/Related

Related page template for Miskito language course
 * parameter 1: page name
 * parameter 2: page title
 * ../

title: Template:Miskito/Related


text:
User talk:209.244.189.20

Welcome to Wikibooks. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our collection. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 19:24, 26 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:209.244.189.20


text:
Miskito/Pronunciation

awu travil apu

Vowels
There are only three vowels in Miskito: a, i and u.

According to Miskito grammars, there is a difference between long and short vowels. Any of the three vowels can be either short or long. The difference seems to be important because some words are distinguished by vowel length, such as:

On the other hand, there is some uncertainty about the length of vowels in many words, and it is not usual to mark vowel length consistently in writing. We will mark long vowels with a circumflex accent (â, î, û) only in words that need to be differentiated form similar words having a short vowel.

Consonants
Miskito has the following consonants:

Semivowels and diphthongs
When the semivowels y and w stand between a consonant and a vowel (forming a diphthong), they are generally written as i and u respectively, although there is considerable variation on this point in written Miskito. So for example laih far, au yes, yaura whom, tiara (or tyara) young, etc.

Y is often, and w usually, preferred preceding a vowel, so kwakaia to open, swiaia to leave. W is sometimes found between two consonants, although here too it alternates with u, e.g. yakwra (or yakura) tall, high.

Some uses are simply conventional, such as the spelling -aia (not -aya) in the infinitive suffix.

Accent and aspiration
Words are generally accented on their first syllable.

Accented syllables may be aspirated. Aspiration consists of the devoicing of vowels and of any following liquid (l, r) or nasal (m, n, ng) consonants or semivowels (i, u).

Aspiration is indicated in writing by the letter h at the end of the aspirated syllable. For example:

In written Miskito we find a degree of variation regarding the indication of aspiration, and pairs such as dara or dahra report, lupia or luhpia small, karna or karhna strong, tough. In some instances aspiration may also have a grammatical function: for example, the monosyllabic participles in -i of some verbs may be aspirated in some cases, e.g. bri or brih having, wi or wih going. Compare also wal two, walhwal four.

Reading practice
Try reading the following text out loud for practice. For the meaning of the text see the end of Lesson 10.

title: Miskito/Pronunciation


text:
Animal Behavior/Ch5

<< Contents page | |<< Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 | Chapter 6 >>|

Chapter 5. Phylogeny and Behavior

 * Darwin's Finches

<< Contents page | |<< Chapter 4 | Chapter 5 | Chapter 6 >>|

title: Animal Behavior/Ch5


text:
ERP Internals/Data Tables/Unit

This table contains one record for every unit being maintained.

Used by: Service Management

Key: Unit ID

Fields:
 * Unit ID (a unique number assigned by the ERP package)
 * Description
 * Manufacturer
 * Serial Number
 * Location
 * Accumulated Operating Hours
 * Purchase Date
 * Maintenance Schedule
 * Notes

title: ERP Internals/Data Tables/Unit


text:
Physics Exercises/Derivative Table

Some standard derivatives used in physics
$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\tan\theta=\sec^2\theta$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\cot\theta=-\csc^2\theta$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\sec\theta=\sec\theta \tan\theta$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\csc\theta=-\csc\theta \cot\theta$$

$$\frac{d}{dx}e^x=e^x$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\sin k\theta=k\cos k\theta$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\cos k\theta=-k\sin k\theta$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\sqrt{\theta}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{\theta}}$$

$$\frac{d}{dx}e^{kx}=ke^{kx}$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\ln\theta=\frac{1}{\theta}$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\sin^{-1}\theta=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\theta^2}}$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\cos^{-1}\theta=-\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-\theta^2}}$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\tan^{-1}\theta=\frac{1}{1+\theta^2}$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}e^{i\theta}=ie^{i\theta}$$, where $$i=\sqrt{-1}$$

The following deal with the variable, $$\theta$$, and a function, $$\delta$$, of $$\theta$$, and are examples of the chain rule in action.

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\sin\delta=(\cos\delta)\frac{d}{d\theta}\delta$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\delta^4=(4\delta^3)\frac{d}{d\theta}\delta$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\theta^3\delta=3\theta^2\delta+(\theta^3)\frac{d}{d\theta}\delta$$

$$\frac{d}{d\theta}\theta^2\delta^2=2\theta\delta^2+(2\theta^2\delta)\frac{d}{d\theta}\delta$$

title: Physics Exercises/Derivative Table


text:
Econometric Theory/Statistical Concepts

This section introduces some statistical concepts that will be useful later in this course. The contents are shown without proof and that can be found in many excellent books on that subject.

title: Econometric Theory/Statistical Concepts


text:
Talk:Developing A Universal Religion/Present Day Religions/Buddhism

Buddha was born in Nepal not in India


text:
User:Bealevideo~enwikibooks

I hope I can make some useful contributions to Wikibooks. I am interested in video and imaging technology. In 1998 I made a web page on a consumer video camera which was popular for several years, the BealeCorner TRV900 Page. -John Beale

title: User:Bealevideo~enwikibooks


text:
Econometric Theory/Sample Points, Sample Space and Events

The population or the sample space refers to the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment that is random. If you toss a coin there are two possible outcomes: head (H) or tail (T). If you toss two coins, there are four outcomes: HH, HT, TH and TT, where the first letter refers to the outcome of the first tossing and the second to that of the second tossing. Each outcome is called a sample point.

An event is a subset of a sample space. If we want to list all sample points with the occurrence of at least one H, we have HH, HT and TH. Any events are called mutually exclusive if, for any one trial of the experiment, the occurrence of one event implies the non-occurrence of the other event. For instance, if we got a head on one occasion, we could not simultaneously get a tail. Note: To say that any 2 events are independent means something else entirely.

Events are exhaustive if there is no other possible event. For instance, the events two heads (HH), one head and one tail (HT and TH), and two tails (TT) are all possible outcomes if tossing the coin twice. Thus, the list of events is exhaustive.


text:
Cookbook:Ozark Pudding

| American cuisine | Southern U.S. cuisine | Vegetarian Cuisine | Dessert

Ozark pudding is a baked cake-type pudding that apparently originated in the Ozark region of the USA.

Ingredients

 * 2 eggs, well-beaten
 * 4 tablespoons flour
 * 1½ cups brown sugar
 * 3 teaspoons baking powder
 * ½ teaspoon salt
 * 2 teaspoons vanilla
 * 2 cups chopped apples
 * 1 cup chopped nuts

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat oven to.
 * 2) Blend all ingredients together, starting with eggs and ending with nuts.
 * 3) Grease casserole dish, pour in casserole.
 * 4) Bake for about 35 minutes.
 * 5) Top with whipped cream or ice cream.

title: Cookbook:Ozark Pudding


text:
8th Grade Science/Section 1: Models of the Atom

= As You Read =
 * Explain how scientists discovered subatomic particles.
 * Explain how today's model of the atom developed.
 * Describe the structure of the nuclear atom.
 * Vocab: element, electron, proton, neutron, and electron cloud.
 * Think about the different models of the atom, draw them and compare between them.
 * Names: |John Dalton, Ernest Rutford, James Chadwik, J. J. Thomson, Niels Bohr

= First Thoughts = Do you like mysteries? Are you curious? Don't be embarrassed! Humans have alway been curious. Someone always wants to know something that is not easy to detect or to see what can’t be seen. For example, people began wondering about matter more than 2,500 years ago. Some of the Greek philosophers thought that matter was composed of tiny particles. They reasoned that you could take a piece of matter, cut it in half, cut the half piece in half again, and continue to cut again and again. Eventually, you wouldn’t be able to cut any more. You would have only one particle left. They named these particles "atomos," a term that means "indivisible." Another way to imagine this is to picture a string of beads. If you keep dividing the string into pieces, you eventually come to one single bead.

Describing the Unseen
The Greek philosophers didn’t try to prove their theories by doing experiments as scientists now do. Their theories were the result of reasoning, debating, and discussion - not of evidence or proof. Today, scientists will not accept a theory that is not supported by experimental evidence. But even if the Greek philosophers had experimented, they could not have proven the existence of atoms. People had not yet discovered much about what is now called chemistry, the study of matter. The kind of equipment needed to study matter was a long way from being invented. Even as recently as 500 years ago, atoms were still a mystery.

= Different Atomic Theories =

Dalton's Atomic Theory
One of the first published theories of the atom was proposed by John Dalton, an English chemist born in 1766. His theory had five main points to it. 1.) Elements are made of tiny parts called "atoms." 2.) The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element, and are distinguishable by their atomic weight. 3.) All atoms of a given element are identical. (Now known to be false - see the section on Isotopes [coming soon].) 4.) Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of another element to form chemical compounds. A given compound will always have the same relative numbers of different atoms. 5.) Atoms can neither be created nor divided by a chemical reaction, merely grouped together in different ways.

Discovering The Electron
The news of Crooke’s experiments excited the scientific community of the time. But many scientists were not convinced that the cathode rays were streams of particles. Was the greenish glow light, or was it a stream of charged particles? In 1897, J.J. Thomson, an English physicist, tried to clear up the confusion. He placed a magnet beside the tube from Crooke’s experiments. Light cannot be bent by a magnet, so the beam couldn’t be light. Therefore, Thomson concluded that the beam must be made up of charged particles of matter that came from the cathode.

Thomson then repeated the CRT experiment using different metals for the cathode and different gases in the tube. He found that the same charged particles were produced no matter what elements were used for the cathode or the gas in the tube. Thomson concluded that cathode rays are negatively charged particles of matter. How did Thomson know the particles were negatively charged? He knew that opposite charges attract each other. He observed that these particles were attracted to the positively charged anode, so he reasoned that the particles must be negatively charged.

These negatively charged particles are now called "electrons." Thomson also inferred that electrons are a part of every kind of atom because they are produced by every kind of cathode material. Perhaps the biggest surprise that came from Thomson’s experiments was the evidence that particles smaller than the atom do exist.

Thomson's Atomic Model
Some of the questions posed by scientists were answered in light of Thomson’s experiments. However, the answers inspired new questions. If atoms contain one or more negatively charged particles, then all matter, which is made of atoms, should be negatively charged as well. But all matter isn’t negatively charged. How can this be explained? Could it be that atoms also contain some positive charge? The negatively charged electrons and the unknown positive charge would then neutralize each other in the atom. Thomson came to this conclusion and included positive charge in his model of the atom.

Using his new findings, Thomson revised Dalton’s model of the atom. Instead of a solid ball that was the same throughout, Thomson pictured a sphere of positive charge. The negatively charged electrons were spread evenly among the positive charge. This is modeled by a ball of clay. The positive charge of the clay is equal to the negative charge of the electrons. Therefore, the atom is neutral. It was later discovered that not all atoms are neutral. The number of electrons within an element can vary. If there is more positive charge than negative electrons, the atom has an overall positive charge. If there are more negative electrons than positive charge, the atom has an overall negative charge. Kent-Meridian High School- Austin Shelfoe

Rutherford's Experiments
A model is not accepted in the scientific community until it has been tested and the tests support previous observations. In 1906, Ernest Rutherford and his coworkers began an experiment to find out if Thomson’s model of the atom was correct. They wanted to see what would happen when they fired fast-moving, positively charged bits of matter, called alpha particles, at a thin film of a metal such as gold. Alpha particles come from unstable atoms. Alpha particles are positively charged, and so they are repelled by particles of matter which also have a positive charge.

A source of alpha particles was aimed at a thin sheet of gold foil that was only 400 nm thick. The foil was surrounded by a fluorescent screen that gave a flash of light each time it was hit by a charged particle."I had observed the scattering of alpha particles, and... it was as if you had fired a 15-inch naval shell at a piece of tissue paper and the shell came right back and hit you... it was then that I had an idea of an atom with a minute massive centre, carrying a charge." Source: Rutherford et al., Project Physics Unit 5 Text, 1971

= A New Model of the Atom =

Most models of atomic structure are very difficult to comprehend, especially at introductory levels. Kreswell has suggested a more visually intuitive atomic model enabling a deeper understanding of how nature works at it most fundamental level.

See: A New Model of the Atom


text:
User:Flameviper~enwikibooks

Hello. I'm the Wikipedia user known as Flameviper. I may never use this account again, but it was reccomended that I register this account as a preventative measure.

Note
As I said before, I will most likely never return to this account to check on it. As thus, I reccomend contacting me through my Wikipedia talk page because any messages left for me here will most likely never be recieved. Thank you.

title: User:Flameviper~enwikibooks


text:
ERP Internals/Data Tables/Shareholder/Shareholder Person

This table contains one record for every person at every shareholder.

Used by: Share Manager

Key: Shareholder Number, Person Number

Fields:
 * Shareholder Number
 * Person Number (a unique identifier assigned by the user)
 * Last Name
 * First Name
 * Job Title
 * Department
 * Title (Mr/Ms/Mrs/etc.)
 * Address 1
 * Address 2
 * City
 * State/Province
 * Country
 * Zip/Postal Code
 * Business Telephone
 * Telephone Extension
 * Home Telephone
 * FAX
 * Mobile
 * Pager
 * E-mail
 * Language
 * Notes


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Accounts Payable/Functions/Find a Supplier

This function is used when the user doesn't know the supplier's number or name but does know some information about the supplier. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the suppliers that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases.

Accounts Payable/Functions/Find a Supplier


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Accounts Payable/Functions/Find an Invoice

This function is used when the user doesn't know the invoice number but does know some information about the invoice. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the invoices that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Accounts Payable/Functions/Find an Invoice


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Accounts Receivable/Functions/Find a Customer

This function is used when the user doesn't know the customer's number or name but does know some information about the customer. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the customers that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Accounts Receivable/Functions/Find a Customer


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Accounts Receivable/Functions/Find an Invoice

This function is used when the user doesn't know the invoice number but does know some information about the invoice. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the invoices that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Accounts Receivable/Functions/Find an Invoice


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Bond Manager/Functions/Find a Bondholder

This function is used when the user doesn't know the bondholder's number or name but does know some information about the bondholder. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the bondholders that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Bond Manager/Functions/Find a Bondholder


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Contacts/Functions/Find a Contact

This function is used when the user doesn't know the contact's number or name but does know some information about the contact. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the contacts that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Contacts/Functions/Find a Contact


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Human Resources/Functions/Find an Employee

This function is used when the user doesn't know the employee's number or name but does know some information about the employee. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the employees that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Human Resources/Functions/Find an Employee


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Inventory/Functions/Find an Item

This function is used when the user doesn't know the item's number or description but does know some information about the item. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the items that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases •	Depending on the AccountPro module you are importing data for, the import module can import selected fields for: •	Customer Lists •	Product Lists •	Vendor Lists •	Employee Lists •	Equipment Lists •	Sales Commission Salespersons or Employees •	Accounts Receivable Transactions •	Sales Commission Transactions

Inventory/Functions/Find an Item


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Job Costing/Functions/Find a Job

This function is used when the user doesn't know the job's number or description but does know some information about the job. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the jobs that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Job Costing/Functions/Find a Job


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Order Entry/Functions/Find a Customer

This function is used when the user doesn't know the customer's number or name but does know some information about the customer. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the customers that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Order Entry/Functions/Find a Customer


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Order Entry/Functions/Find an Invoice

This function is used when the user doesn't know the invoice number but does know some information about the invoice. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the invoices that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Order Entry/Functions/Find an Invoice


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Payroll/Functions/Find an Employee

This function is used when the user doesn't know the employee's number or name but does know some information about the employee. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the employees that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Payroll/Functions/Find an Employee


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Purchasing/Functions/Find a Supplier

This function is used when the user doesn't know the supplier's number or name but does know some information about the supplier. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the suppliers that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Purchasing/Functions/Find a Supplier


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Quotation/Functions/Find a Contact

This function is used when the user doesn't know the contacts's number or name but does know some information about the contact. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the contacts that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Quotation/Functions/Find a Contact


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Quotation/Functions/Find a Customer

This function is used when the user doesn't know the customer's number or name but does know some information about the customer. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the customers that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Quotation/Functions/Find a Customer


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Quotation/Functions/Find a Quote/Estimate

This function is used when the user doesn't know the quote/estimate's number or description but does know some information about the quote/estimate. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the quote/estimates that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases.

Quotation/Functions/Find a Quote/Estimate


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Share Manager/Functions/Find a Shareholder

This function is used when the user doesn't know the shareholder's number or name but does know some information about the shareholder. They enter what they know and the ERP displays all the shareholders that match the criteria. This function becomes more and more useful as the size of the enterprise increases

Share Manager/Functions/Find a Shareholder


text:
User talk:81.157.242.120

Blocked

 * [[Image:Octagon-warning.svg|left|30px]]You have been blocked from editing Wikibooks for a period of 1 week as a result of your disruptive edits. You are free to make constructive edits after the block has expired, but please note that vandalism (including page blanking or addition of random text), spam, deliberate misinformation, privacy violations, or personal attacks will not be tolerated. Az1568(Talk) 05:27, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:81.157.242.120


text:
User talk:222.152.254.198

Regarding edits made during January 27 2007
Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. If this is an IP address, and it is shared by multiple users, ignore this warning if you did not make any unconstructive edits. Az1568(Talk) 05:45, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:222.152.254.198


text:
Miskito/Lexicon

Explanation
The table below is an initial lexical "source inventory". It represents a preliminary inventory of possible candidates for inclusion in the eventual lexicon (vocabulary) of the course. It is the not necessarily the case that a given item will end up in the course: that will be decided on an item-by-item basis as the development of the course unfolds. Thus, in the process of developing the lessons the present inventory serves as a checklist.

The present list was produced in a rather primitive manner through intuitive judgments about likelihood of each word's usefulness or importance. That is why it only represents a preliminary inventory! The procedure followed was to go through a Miskito-Spanish dictionary selecting some entries and copying these into a Word file. In the next step, the words selected were copied manually into a second file containing a four-column table (as below): the first three columns (Miskito, Spanish, part of speech) were taken from the source dictionary entries, and the fourth column (semantic field) was added.

Using Microsoft Word's sorting functions, from this tabulation we can mechanically generate four tables, ordered alphabetically by each of the four columns, giving us a Miskito-Spanish list, a Spanish-Miskito list, a list ordered by parts of speech and a thematic (semantic) list. Once these lists have been produced they may be used to review the resulting inventory checking for possible "defects". For example: using the thematic list we couild see what items have been entered for the semantic category "animals" and see whether this set of items looks like a sensible, balanced selection, whether any obvious items have been overlooked, whether any item has been accidentally placed in the wrong category, etc. etc. Referring back to the source dictionary, we can then attempt to correct and improve the inventory.

The reason why this table lists Spanish rather than English glosses is simply that it was decided to copy the glosses fairly mechanically from the source dictionary at this point. Translating the glosses might possibly have introduced a margin of error or confusion because of different possible translations and the possibility of misunderstandings. Authors using this list will therefore need some knowledge of Spanish to use this resource (sorry about that).

Warning: There may still be mistakes or inappropriate choices in this list, which is only intended as a rough checklist and working aid. Therefore the information shown here should never be taken on trust when developing the lessons, but rechecked against fuller sources (especially the source dictionary).

title: Miskito/Lexicon


text: Template:Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Family


text:
Guide to The Lord of the Rings/Characters/Bilbo Baggins

Baggins

Overview
Bilbo Baggins is the main character in The Hobbit. Bilbo is also a supporting character in The Lord of the Rings, being a ring-bearer. He is a hobbit of The Shire and lives in a hobbit-hole known as Bag End. Bag End was a luxurious home built by Bilbo's father, Bungo Baggins for Bilbo's mother, Belladonna Took. Bilbo lived a comfortable life in his neighborhood in The Shire, not interested in any adventures taking him away from his village, until he was hired by Thorin and Company on the Quest of Erebor, where he went on an adventure to reclaim the dwarves' lost treasure. On the way, under the Misty Mountains, he found the One Ring and kept it for decades until he gave it up to Frodo for it to be destroyed, since the only thing stopping Sauron was the ring being away from him.

The Hobbit
Bilbo played a major role in this book, being the protagonist. He was invited by Thorin and Company to be their burglar on an adventure to Erebor to reclaim The Lonely Mountain from the dragon, Smaug. When the dwarves from Thorin and Company arrived at Bilbo's home, he wasn't too keen on going on any adventures but when the next day arrived and he found out that the dwarves had left and were waiting at an inn. This is where he changed his mind. The first thing Bilbo did as burglar was investigate a light in the forest. He finds trolls and attempts to pickpocket one. He was caught and as the dwarves came to see what was taking so long they were saved by Gandalf keeping them arguing until it became daylight and they turned to stone. In the trolls' lair Bilbo finds a sword perfect for him, which he later names Sting.Bilbo Baggins.

Bilbo and the company stop and Rivendell and go to the Misty Mountains from there. Where he and the company fell down a trap. Bilbo loses the company and bumps his head. He finds himself in a dark tunnel and finds a small ring, the One Ring. At the time he thought it was just a normal ring, he put it in his pocket. He encounters a creature named Gollum. They play a game of riddles, if Bilbo won, Gollum would show him the way out. Bilbo won, but he asked a rather unfair question. Gollum discovers that his ring is gone. Gollum believes Bilbo stole it. He chases Bilbo but when Bilbo puts on the ring. Gollum doesn't notice him. He vanished.

Bilbo finds his way out and is reunited with the company. They stopped for the night near a small group of pine trees when wargs (wolves) find them. They climb up the trees to escape. Gandalf uses his magic to set fire to pine cones and he threw them at the wargs. The wargs fled and they were rescued by eagles.

The group traveled to Beorn's house where they rested, after being taken in by Beorn and his animal servants. Beorn learned about their story and gave a large number of provisions to help their quest. Beorn also lent several ponies to be used until the group reached Mirkwood. However, Beorn did not fully trust the dwarves, so Bilbo saw Beorn giving careful watch to see that his ponies were unharmed. Eventually the company reached Mirkwood, where the ponies were let go (to several of the dwarves discontent) and Gandalf left the group as well, warning them, "Do not stray off the path."

The Company began to follow the path through the treacherous forest. Eventually the provisions ran low and the Company was forced to send Bilbo up a tree to see where the forest ended. Bilbo climbed up a tree, where a rewarding breeze of cool air and butterflies met him. Bilbo only saw more forest, so when he reluctantly climbed back down, he did not see that the forest ended. He reported his findings to the dwarves, where they met the news with ill comfort, angry that the dwarves were fatter than Bilbo and so could not climb the trees to feel cool air or see the butterflies. Eventually the last provisions were eaten. The Company then came upon the Enchanted River. Bilbo saw a boat on the other side, leading the dwarves to retrieve it. A deer came out of nowhere when all the dwarves were on the other side. A dwarf shot it where it died, on the other side. The dwarves hoped for venison for dinner when Bilbo realized that Bombur was drowning. The dwarves fished him out, where he was asleep, but the boat was knocked away, ending the hope for venison.

While wandering down the path, the dwarves saw lights in the forest. Deciding that they would rather leave the path then starve to death they headed after the lights. As soon as they got to the lights, they went out and one of their party fell asleep. This happened twice. On the third time all of them fell asleep.

When Bilbo awoke in the night, he was alone. He cursed the dwarves for leaving the path and discovered that spiders had captured his companions. Bilbo was forced to find his lost companions and cut through the cocoons the spiders had formed around his companions. He distracted the spiders by improvising several insulting songs to irritate the spiders, who left their domain to find the insulter and eat him. Bilbo killed a few by throwing stones at a few spiders and he killed more via his sword. They never found his since he use the Ring to turn invisible. After freeing the dwarves, he led them into a charge against the spiders, where Bilbo killed dozens of the arachnids with the help of the Ring and his sword.

After traveling through Mirkwood Forest they had been taken prisoner by Wood-elves, who believed that the company had "assaulted" the elves while they were partying (the bright lights the company had seen in the forest). Shortly after, the travelers had gone to Lake Town, a small town occupied by men. Here is where Smaug would frequently attack, though he had not been seen in many years. The group had fended off the Dragon until Bard shot the Black Arrow at the single bare spot on the dragon's jewel encrusted underbelly. Killing it and sending him to rot at the bottom of the lake, and destroying part of Lake Town. Here, after Thorin Oakenshield reclaimed the mountain, the Battle of the Five Armies took place. Beorn, the Beorning chieftain, joined the travelers in their fight against an army of orcs.

After the battle, a soldier sent by Gandalf to search for him found Bilbo. Then Gandalf takes him to Thorin, who was lying on a bed, dying. Thorin apologizes to Bilbo about how Thorin cursed Bilbo, and Thorin then praised Bilbo's beliefs, that food and drink is valued higher than gold or treasure. Bilbo later attends Thorin's funeral. After the funeral, Dain offers him his one-fourteenth share of the treasure, which Bilbo turns down, receiving only two small chests, one with gold, and the other laden with silver. Bilbo traveled back with the wood-elf host that participated in the Battle of Five Armies. Bilbo traveled with the wood-elves down to Mirkwood, and then went to Beorn's house with Gandalf. Then Bilbo set out with Gandalf to where Bert, Tom, and William turned to stone. They dug up some of the buried treasure the dwarves buried earlier, in which Bilbo offered most of it to Gandalf to use to aid the peoples of Middle-Earth. Bilbo eventually made it back to Hobbiton, where he witnessed an auction selling most of his possessions to the other hobbits. His relatives, the Sackville-Baggins were...vexed to see Bilbo alive since they wanted to live in Bag End so badly. Bilbo had to buy back his sold possessions in order to avoid quarreling. Eventually, Balin and Gandalf visited him, where they reported the current news of Middle-earth.

The Fellowship of the Ring and The Return of the King
On September 22, a farewell Birthday Party was held in his honour, where he announced his intention to leave the Shire, to the shock of his family and friends. Immediately afterwards, he put on his ring and disappeared, as a joke on his neighbours. He returned to his house where he was confronted by his friend Gandalf, who tried to persuade him to leave the ring for Frodo.

Bilbo initially agreed, but then became hostile and accused Gandalf of trying to steal the ring for his own benefit, which he referred to as his "precious." Horrified by Bilbo's outburst, Gandalf stood to his full height and ordered Bilbo to leave it behind. Immediately Bilbo returned to his senses, apologising and admitting that the Ring had been troubling him lately. After a moment of inner struggle, Bilbo finally dropped the ring to the ground, becoming the first ring-bearer to give up the ring on his own will. Bilbo and Gandalf bid each other goodbye, and Bilbo left the Shire for his journey.

On the same day, Bilbo left the One Ring and his home of Bag End in the possession of his relative, Frodo Baggins who was eager to be his own master despite the loss of Bilbo, for he was not yet ready to leave the Shire. After his departure, Bilbo accompanied three dwarves to Dale and the Lonely Mountain, before finally settling in Rivendell. There, he met Aragorn and Elrond.

Between TA 3003 and TA 3018, Bilbo worked on the written account of his adventures, in a book that would later be known as the Red Book of Westmarch. He also studied the Elvish language and compiled a three-volume history of the Elder Days, which he called Translations from the Elvish. He composed the poem All that is Gold Does Not Glitter for Aragorn as well as a much longer poem about Eärendil during his stay at Rivendell.

In October 3018, Frodo arrived at Rivendell. Bilbo learnt that his nephew was on a quest to destroy the One Ring so he gave him the sword Sting and for protection his mithril shirt. However, he remained in Rivendell while Frodo travelled south. After Frodo returned, Bilbo had noticeably aged, partially freed from the Ring's effect, although he continued to desire it.


text:
Template:Miskito/New page log

New page log template for Miskito language course
 * parameter 1: name (e.g. "Lesson 1", "Introduction"...)
 * parameter 2: title (of the page)
 * parameter 3: signature/date stamp

title: Template:Miskito/New page log


text:
User talk:Blonkm

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 08:50, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Blonkm


text:
User talk:Yhevhe

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 08:50, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yhevhe


text:
User talk:Odhiambo

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
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 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 08:50, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I am here. Thank you very much. Odhiambo 04:14, 28 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Odhiambo


text:
User talk:Fraterm~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 08:50, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Fraterm. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Fraterm~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:10, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:59, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fraterm~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Gforce

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 08:50, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gforce


text:
User talk:Bealevideo~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 08:50, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bealevideo. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bealevideo~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:02, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:37, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bealevideo~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Rricci~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 08:50, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Rricci. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Rricci~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:39, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:26, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rricci~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Labyrum

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 08:50, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Labyrum


text: Miskito/Abbreviations

title: Miskito/Abbreviations


text:
Welsh/Numbers

=Welsh Number System= Welsh, being a Celtic language, traditionally used the base 20 (vigesimal) system. This system is common among adults, but not so common among children (who now use the newer base 10 system).

Vigesimal System
Using a base of 20 means that numbers start counting again when you reach 20 instead of the modern (and common) 10. A few vestiges of this type of system exist in English (e.g Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg Address: Four score and seven years ago...) as well as in other languages (French 80 quatre-vingts, lit. four twenties)

The numbers (1-20):

(Note deunaw literally means "two nines" - 18)

From this point, we count the same, only adding ar hugain (on twenty) at the end

- This system repeats itself until 60 (note, 50 on its own is often called Hanner cant - half a hundred), and on again until 80

 * Trigain - 60
 * Pedwar Ugain - 80

When we get to 100, we use cant. This time, we use cant a/ac, thus:

 * Cant ac un - 101
 * Cant ac un ar hugain - 121 (literally One hundred and one on twenty)

Further numbers

 * Mil - 1000
 * Deg Mil - 10,000
 * Can Mil - 100,000
 * Miliwn - 1 Million
 * Biliwn - 1 Billion

Decimal System
As Welsh language education took off, the difficulties of using a base 20 number when trying to teach children maths became apparent (three score and eleven minus three, anyone?), so a decimal system in common with other Indo-European languages was set up to make the teaching in Welsh simpler. This system has become common among the younger generation, in the same way the metric system has taken hold in the UK as a whole. The decimal system is very simply sum-of-parts: 34 is "three 10 four" tri deg pedwar, 20 is "two 10" dau ddeg.

title: Welsh/Numbers


text:
Talk:Haskell/Archive 2

Move to Haskell wiki?
I'd like to start discussion as to whether we should move to the Haskell wiki.

Pros:
 * Haskell syntax highlighting!
 * Closer to the hub of the Haskell community. Corollaries:
 * Easier for newbies to find us.
 * Easier for potential contributors to find us.
 * Easier to import content already on the Haskell wiki.
 * We could potentially change the code to the wiki or install new plugins etc if we wanted to. (Automate the 'next page', 'prev page' links? Etc.)

Cons:
 * The bother of letting everyone know we're moving
 * The bother of moving itself
 * I'm sure there's going to be some MediaWiki export/import tool somewhere, though.

DavidHouse 15:33, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It would be tricky for sheer reason of licensing issues. For example, after bugging Hal all this time, I'm not sure I really want to bother him again to ask about the simple permissive license.  We've received a lot of contributions from a lot of users and would have to get everyone aboard.  For what it's worth, I personally agree to dual license my stuff under the simple permissive license.  I do agree that the Haskell syntax highlighting would be nice to have, though, as would having this be a Haskell.org product.  Then again, Wikibooks has a specific focus on creating textbooks, one single cohesive narrative.  The Haskell wiki is perhaps not the most appropriate venue for that, culturally.  Well... I guess that's a pretty weak argument on my part :-) -- Kowey 17:36, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Could we have some arrangement whereby we have a subwiki of the Haskell wiki which is seperately licensed? Or maybe even a seperate wiki? I think the benefits of moving to haskell.org are worth it. DavidHouse 13:41, 8 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmm... I'm still quite hesitant about this. As an alternative, would it be possible to have a haskell.org address that automatically pops up here?  The user types in http://haskell.org/wikibook and winds up getting served by wikibooks?  What if we had Haskell markup? (Edit 18:13 - I meant what if we also had Haskell syntax highlighting on wikibooks?)  I get the feeling that moving would entail a certain amount of pain and confusion (for example, what will happen if we delete our content here and post a 'so long, folks!'  It seems the wikibooks people would just restore the content and we'd have two "competing" wikibooks, a bit like Spanish wikipedia and the other unofficial site from the early days.  (That being said, if we did move, sooner would be better than later, and I personally would migrate to the haskell.org version). -- Kowey 15:05, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Note, I've posted a message on the Staff lounge asking for input from the wikibooks community at large. This might enrich the deliberations a bit, maybe get some useful insight into making these kinds of decisions.  -- Kowey 18:12, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Title of this book
Aww, what's wrong with Functional Programming with Sexy Types? If it is inaccurate (for example, the sexy features are not really used in day-to-day Haskell), I would understand. But are there any other objections to the use of "Sexy"? -- Kowey 06:12, 23 October 2006 (UTC)

Wikibook intro
Hmm... i dunno, I'm not sure I like what I wrote... how could we improve this? For starters, can we get rid of my enjoy-the-ride cliché and find a nicer way to end this intro? -- Kowey 07:38, 31 August 2006 (UTC)

Table of Contents: the 3 tracks
The relative amounts of content between the two tracks is becoming ridiculous. I prepared a new contents page, thoughts? DavidHouse 15:33, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I went ahead and changed this. Complain if you don't like it. DavidHouse 13:59, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I think it's an improvement. It looks kinda clunky though (not to say the old one was any better).  We could think about simplifying it a bit more, finding ways to make it sleeker, easier to navigate -- Kowey 15:00, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It's fine. I think the "clunky" comes from the fact that some names span multiple lines. While this cannot be avoided, you can indent them or use * as separators. I changed things to use *, yell if that's no good.

"Beginner's track"
The ordering of lessons matters!

Pedagogical: Risks and Benefits
This paper, The Risks and Benefits of Teaching Purely Functional Programming in First Year might be especially interesting to us, of course, depending on what our goals are.

One of the things that this paper suggests, which I think we agree with, is that IO should be introduced earlier rather than later, though the monadic stuff should be avoided (at least in the beginning). We certainly don't want the reader to treat IO as magical, we just need to explain it differently. Another thing which resonated is that we need to be careful about higher order functions. That kind of stuff is hard to wrap your head around if you're a newbie. The paper says that students get  and   rather easily, but   is a whole other story. I can certainly relate to that. While higher order functions have always made "sense" to me, I recall that  was very difficult for me to understand until I actually tried to build large programs. -- Kowey 12:58, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

Problems in the ordering of the lessons
If you go to "Elementary Haskell :: More on Functions" and click on "Next Page" at the bottom, you're taken to "Elementary Haskell :: Pattern Matching", but in the Table of Contents, the lesson "Elementary Haskell :: Higher-order functions and Currying" lies between these two. Also, the "Elementary Haskell :: Pattern Matching" lessons instructs you to "recall" the lesson on type declaration, but this lesson only appears much later on in "Intermediate Haskell :: Type Declarations". - Nebu Pookins 10:49, 6 October 2006 (GMT-5)

 * Thanks for your comments. I have attempted to fix things by reordering some stuff, namely:
 * Noted stuff above
 * Removed Haskell/A Miscellany of Types - I think this stuff is now better covered by Haskell/Type basics and maybe the standard library
 * Move control structures and pattern matching so that it is earlier - This stuff seems way easier than higher order functions and currying, and it's useful immediately, whereas the function stuff will need to sink in for a while before the reader really knows what to do with it -- Kowey 23:55, 6 October 2006 (UTC)

Proposal: Split the chapter "Variables and functions"
Hi,

I'm new here and I really like what you people are doing. I have a suggestion and I'm interested in knowing what people here think of it. My proposal is that the chapter called "Variables and functions" be split into two separate chapters.

The first of the chapters would be called something like "evaluating expressions" (which would work for those already programmers) or "using haskell as a calculator" (which would be more suited to those who aren't programmers already). In here readers would be guided through the process of using ghci to do simple arithmetic, string manipulations, boolean algebra and calling simple built-in functions. For some people who only want to use Haskell as a beefed-up calculator such a chapter would be ideal. At the end of the chapter we could deal with more complicated expressions - thereby laying down the motivation for the next chapter.

The next chapter "writing functions". I purposely omitted the word 'variable' because the word carries a lot of intellectual baggage from other programming languages that don't apply to Haskell which might set readers to the wrong track.

-- Newhoggy 12:50, 5 November 2006 (UTC)

 * It might be worth trying. I just recently noticed Haskell/Beginning which seems somewhat similar to the approach that you propose.  It would also be worth seeing how Hal does it in Haskell/YAHT and figuring out if it does what we're looking  for. Perhaps you should try and see.  The worst that can happen is that we discuss and renegociate.  If you're not willing to commit to an entire chapter overhaul, you could experiment by making subpages on your own user page... -- Kowey 08:14, 6 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks Kowey. I've decide to work on another article instead User:Newhoggy/UTF8_for_Haskell -- Newhoggy 11:56, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

More rearranging
I've made the following three changes. I think it's worth discussing because this is the basic stuff, so it's important to get the pedagogical bits right:
 * Moved recursion and more about lists from Haskell Basics down to Elementary Haskell - recursion's a pretty deep concept, and the student can get away with not knowing about it for a while yet
 * Moved Haskell/Type declarations up to the end of Haskell Basics - if we're going to talk about types, we might as well give the student a way to work with them. Also, it makes it a bit easier to talk about IO below
 * Moved Haskell/Simple input and output out from Intermediate Haskell to Haskell Basics - IO should really come early on so that people who have programmed before don't think that doing a simple Hello World is hard stuff or that you need crazy monadic stuff. Moving it up early also means we can offer more hands off stuff, writing complete programs from the get-go. -- Kowey 02:04, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Chapter organization
While names like "Wider Theory" or "Haskell Performance" do what they should, I think they're a bit dull. I'd really like to have shiny names, like "Fun with Types". Here are some proposals. The intended contents is also noted. Besides, every chapter could get an introductory section accessible via the TOC. The names of these subchapters can be picked to match the chapters intensions to allow for funnier chapter names. Apfelmus 12:39, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

 * "Advanced Haskell"
 * Currently a refuge for stuff that doesn't fit anywhere else. Possible independence movements:
 * * "The Awkward Squad" (Concurrency, IO, Exceptions, operational semantics)

 * "Wider theory"
 * = "Program correctness", "Formal program manipulation" , "To denote or not to denote", "Meaning, the Meany", "Devoting to Denotation"
 * intro = "Why does my program work?", "What does my program do?", "Help, my program doesn't work!" (sneaky, because the chapter should not cover debugging)
 * Intended to contain methods to reason about program semantics/correctnes and their adherence to a specification. Also includes the systematic derivation of programs from their specification. In a wider sense, relations to logic and dependent types might go here, too. I'm not sure what to do with category theory, but it certainly is a framework for denotational semantics.

 * "Fun With Types"
 * = "Types: reloaded", "Types: extended"
 * intro =
 * Currently describes the manifold extensions to Haskell's type system. I'm not sure, but I think that in the long term, they need a (separate?) chapter showing how to put them to good use, i.e. "Program/Library design".

 * "Haskell Performance"
 * = "Haskell in Space and Time", "Space and Time", "Running Haskell", "Haskell on the Machine"
 * intro = "Help, my program is slow!"
 * Contains everything related to the actual execution of Haskell programs (execution times, how to decrease them, memory, evaluation order, ...)

Practical Haskell
Hi.. I've been invited to integrate my work into this project and I am interested. I have to warn you all that I am new to wikibooks however...

Anyway, the way my thinking has been going is toward building a standard repertoire of programs which are used over and over again but shown with different user-interfaces for example or modified in different ways using library bindings (or perhaps adding hs-plugins or making interfacing to databases even)... In theory, I think such an approach will make it very easy for people to pick up a new binding if they've already  been thru the tutorial for another one. Also it should allow for an easy separation of general haskell parts of the examples from those which are specific to the binding in question.

I already have a start of the tutorial along with a rough draft of the overall format here (Please scroll down until you reach the first link on the page)

Also, i have a version of bouncing ball implemented using openGL bindings that kpreid from #haskell on freenode casually offered.

Anyway, I think integrating that format into this wikibook could be a serious modification... so i want to reach out to see how others feel about that approach..

What i'm thinking is everything under "Tutorials" might get sort of swallowed and integrated into this over-arching format.

I made this a sub-section to try to keep it organized... Once integration of my project into this wikibook is well underway (if ever), I'll just delete this section and everything underneath it as I suspect it will become osbolete and I imagine its preferable to keep the talk page relevant.. Instead maybe We'll just have a sort of suggested policy posted about this part of the wikibook. If you want to title your reply to this section, please use 4 = signs on either side of the title..

--LordBrain 02:43, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah, I take it this means you saw my note on HaWiki? Glad you're with us in any case. We've known for some time now that we needed a Practical Haskell section, but have been concentrating more on the basics and the advanced stuff. So having somebody really care about the Practical Haskell session makes me happy.

 * Note that wikibooks and wikipedia in general have a culture of boldness, that is, if you think something is the right thing to do, or even worth trying, go ahead and do it! Maybe put something on the discussion page to let people know why, but overall, just doing it makes things go very fast. The worst that can happen is that somebody would object on the discussion page, and we would have to discuss a bit to reach consensus.  I don't think Haskell wikibookians are revert-war inclined, but who knows?

 * That being said, we sometimes hang out on #haskell, me as kowey, and DavidHouse as dmhouse, and if you feel like bouncing off a couple of ideas or for stra-te-gerising (you know, big picture, what are we really trying to do stuff), that's a good place to find us.

 * Welcome! -- Kowey 06:43, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

 * P.S. Another note. Interestingly, Haskell/Write Yourself a Scheme in 48 Hours also has a hands-on task oriented approach.  Don't know how that fits in, but potential food for thought. -- Kowey 06:45, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Yet Another Haskell Tutorial
I did a horrible job importing the LaTeX, but here it is: Haskell/YAHT (note: solutions are HTML commented. I would like to add a switch to my script so that I can output the solutions into a separate file, but that's for another day) -- Kowey 21:32, 21 October 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, have cleaned up the import somewhat. Now it even has solutions and working internal links.  One of admins is somewhat concerned about copyright issues though, and has advised me not to do anything until I can get Hal to do something about the license.  Perhaps if I got him to put the text of the Haskell.org simple permissive license (or the GFDL), that should satisfy them.

 * Yay! Copyright issues resolved! -- Kowey 21:45, 3 November 2006 (UTC)

Announcement to the Haskell mailing lists
Hi all. I think at some point we should send a message to the Haskell mailing list: haskell@haskell.org, that outlines:

 * What the Wikibook is
 * Some brief history
 * Our current project status
 * Our goals
 * A request for more contributors

I'd like to drum up some ideas about this. What do people think to the above outline? Did I miss anything? Also, what is the history of the Haskell wikibook? Who started it?

Finally, I think we should hold off sending an email until we reach some kind of acceptable 'beta' version of the Wikibook. This should include:

 * Most of the introductory chapters complete or at least nearing completion; all done to a high standard and not 'hacked together'.
 * Some flesh in the intermediate chapters
 * Ideas for extensions, should suitably qualified contributors happen upon the wikibook.
 * A professional look, including consistent typographical conventions and use of templates. Perhaps it's also worth starting to think about a logo or opening graphic.

Thoughts? 86.143.51.96 16:37, 6 September 2006 (UTC). Sorry, that was me, forgot to log in. DavidHouse 19:28, 9 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Not a bad idea, but I'm not sure it'll do much good; most of those interested seem to be working on stuff on the Haskell wiki and other textbooks on Haskell. --maru (talk) contribs 02:40, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

 * At the very least, I would like to wait until the YAHT import is complete. Still waiting for Hal to send me the sources -- Kowey 04:33, 7 September 2006 (UTC)
 * If you think that's necessary, sure. Let us know when it's in. DavidHouse 19:41, 10 September 2006 (UTC)

 * And re: History, I started the wikibook in 2004, just a stubful of wikipedia content, back when I had no idea what I was talking about. Paul Johnson added the first real content, and then I added my monadic stuff, DavidHouse came on board and from that point, we started getting substantial "outside" contributions like Haskell/GUI. At least, that's how I remember it.  We can always look in the histor(ies) to get a clearer idea.  -- Kowey 04:41, 7 September 2006 (UTC)

Computer_programming table
If some one has the time please think about populating the Computer_programming table with the missing Haskell information.--Panic 16:43, 7 November 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Haskell/Archive 2


text:
Econometric Theory/Probability Density Function (PDF)

Probability Mass Function of a Discrete Random Variable
A probability mass function f(x) (PMF) of X is a function that determines the probability in terms of the input variable x, which is a discrete random variable (rv).

A pmf has to satisfy the following properties:

P(X = x_i) & \mbox{for } i = 1, 2, \cdots, n \\ 0 & \mbox{for } x \ne x_i \end{cases} $$
 * $$ f(x) =\begin{cases}

 * The sum of PMF over all values of x is one:

\sum_i f(x_i)= 1. $$

Probability Density Function of a Continuous Random Variable
The continuous PDF requires that the input variable x is now a continuous rv. The following conditions must be satisfied:

$$ f(x) \ge 0 $$ $$ \int_{- \infty}^{\infty} f(x) \, dx = 1 $$ $$ \int_{a}^{b} f(x) \, dx = P(a \le x \le b) $$
 * All values are greater than zero.
 * The total area under the PDF is one
 * The area under the interval [a, b] is the total probability within this range

Joint Probability Density Functions
Joint pdfs are ones that are functions of two or more random variables. The function

$$ \begin{align} f(X \in A, Y \in B) & = \int_{A} \, \int_{B} f(x,y) \, dx \, dy \\ & = 0, \mbox{if } x \notin A \mbox{ and } y \notin B \\ \end{align} $$

is the continuous joint probability density function. It gives the joint probability for x and y.

The function

$$ \begin{align} p(X \in A, Y \in B) & = \sum_{X \in A} \sum_{Y \in B} p(x, y) \\ & = 0, \mbox{if } x \notin A \mbox{ and } Y \notin y \\ \end{align} $$

is similarly the discrete joint probability density function

Marginal Probability Density Function
The marginal PDFs are derived from the joint PDFs. If the joint pdf is integrated over the distribution of the X variable, then one obtains the marginal PDF of y, $$ f(y) $$. The continuous marginal probability distribution functions are:

$$ f(x) = \int_{y}^B f(x,y) dy $$

$$ f(y) = \int_{x}^A f(x,y) dx $$

and the discrete marginal probability distribution functions are

$$ p(x) = \sum_{y \in B} p(x, y) $$

$$ p(y) = \sum_{x \in A} p(x, y) $$

Conditional Probability Density Function
$$ f(x \mid y) = P(X = x, Y = y) = \frac{f(x,y)}{f(y)} $$

$$ f(y \mid x) = P(Y = y, X = x) = \frac{f(x,y)}{f(x)} $$


text: Miskito/Syllabus

title: Miskito/Syllabus


text:
User:Cramer~enwikibooks

aloha!

title: User:Cramer~enwikibooks


text:
Talk:Welsh/Numbers

all discussion on this page is at Talk:Welsh Kijog 12:04, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Welsh/Numbers


text:
User talk:169.244.174.12

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 14:16, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:169.244.174.12


text:
Freistil/Index/Beginner

This page lists all texts with difficulty in chronological order:

title: Freistil/Index/Beginner


text:
Template:Freistil/Go

Freistil/

title: Template:Freistil/Go


text:
Freistil/A

A

title: Freistil/A


text:
Freistil/M

M

title: Freistil/M


text:
ERP Internals/Data Tables/Bank Check

This table contains one record for every check issued for every bank account.

Used by: Bank Reconciliation, Accounts Payable

Key: Bank Account Number, Check Number

Fields:
 * Bank Account Number
 * Check Number (same as the number that appears on the printed check)
 * Date Issued
 * Amount
 * Currency
 * Status (Void/Outstanding/Cleared)
 * Date Cleared

title: ERP Internals/Data Tables/Bank Check


text:
ERP Internals/Data Tables/Bank Deposit

This table contains one record for every deposit made to every bank account.

Used by: Bank Reconciliation, Accounts Receivable

Key: Bank Account Number, Deposit Date

Fields:
 * Bank Account Number
 * Deposit Date
 * Amount
 * Currency
 * Status (Void/Outstanding/Cleared)
 * Date Cleared

title: ERP Internals/Data Tables/Bank Deposit


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Social Insurance Number

A unique number issued by the Canadian government to its citizens to identify them for reporting purposes. See also Social Security Number.


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Social Security Number

A unique number issued by the United States government to its citizens to identify them for reporting purposes. The number is a 9-digit number as of 2009, and is predicted to be exhausted within 75 years without any change. See also Social Insurance Number.


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Production Period

In manufacturing, the planning period for production. Commonly, a production period is a week but it can shorter or longer depending on the size and type of manufacturer.


text:
Miskito/How

Simple, practical instructions or check lists for basic tasks.

Start a new page
If you are starting a new page in the course, please follow these steps before doing anything else. Details on how to carry out each step is given in the subsections below.

 * 1) Please list yourself as on the Authors and contributors page (unless you already have).
 * 2) Register the page on the New page log (located on the Project History page).
 * 3) Place the page in the Table of contents page (unless it's already there).
 * 4) Open/create the new page, and place standard navigation links, course logo and page title at the top using the Template:Miskito_title template (you will need to set its parameters).

What you need to decide in order to begin
Decide the following first:
 * the page's name: This is the name used by the system, and will consist of Miskito/ followed by one or more words, e.g. Miskito/Lesson 34, Miskito/Links, Miskito/Grammar notes.
 * the page's title: This is the heading appearing at the top of the page (with the course logo) and also in the table of contents and on some other pages, e.g. the title of the Miskito/Links page is Miskito links and bibliography, and that of Miskito/Lesson 1 is Nini Mary sa.
 * the page's position in the course's page sequence and the table of contents (i.e. between which two existing pages you will place the new page).

Once you have decided these three things, you are ready to do the following.

Register the page on the new page log
Go to New page log, open the edit window of the section, scroll down to the bottom of the list and add a new line with the new page's data, following the instructions given on that page. This will create an entry looking like this:
 * If the new page's name is Miskito/AAA and its title will be BBB, then register the page by writing the following line at the bottom of the list:

(Note: If you find this confusing, you may find it easier to use the preceding entry on the page as a model and just replace the data as necessary.)

You can now open the new page by clicking on the link your entry has created. However, before doing that, please add the page to the course's table of contents first so that readers can see it is there...

Place the page in the table of contents
(If the page you are creating is already listed in the table of contents, skip this step.)

Open the course's Table of contents and after studying the course's organisation (if you haven't already done this), decide where the new page will go. Now edit the entry for the new page into appropriate section of the table of contents. To do this: This will create an entry on the table of contents page looking like this: This will automatically generate the following entry:
 * If the new page is not a lesson, and if as before the new page's name is Miskito/AAA and its title will be BBB, then write the following line at the relevant position in the list of chapters:
 * If the new page is not a numbered lesson, supposing the new lesson is Lesson N (where N is a number), the title (a Miskito sentence) is BBB, and the English translation of the title is CCC, then insert the following line at the relevant position in the list of lessons:

(Note: If you find this confusing, you may find it easier to use the preceding entry on the page as a model and just replace the data as necessary.)

Create the page
The result at the top of the new page will look like this:
 * Click on either of the two links your entries have already generated (in the table of contents or the new page log) to open up an editing window for the new page.
 * Insert standard navigation links, the course logo and the page's title at the top of the page. This is much easier than it sounds...
 * If it is not a lesson and the page's title is BBB, and the names of the preceding and following chapters' pages are Miskito/XXX and Miskito/YYY respectively, then just write the following at the top of the new page:

which will generate the following:
 * If it is a lesson, then suppose the number of the lesson is N, BBB is its Miskito title and CCC its English translation, M is the preceding lesson number and O the following lesson number. Then you write this at the top of the page:

(Note: If you find this confusing, you may find it easier to open another page (a chapter of a lesson as the case may be) and taking its top line as a model, just replace the data as necessary.)
 * Now save the page, and you are ready to open it again and start placing some content there.

Write a point
A standard lesson consists of several "points" followed by a vocabulary and review activity. Each point consists of model sentences, commentary and a practice exercise. For details on these elements, please read other pages such as Lesson Structure and the Layout Guide.

Here is a dummy "point" which you may wish to copy and use as a starter when writing up each point in a lesson. To use this, open up the section (DUMMY POINT) in edit mode (click on the Edit link on the right), copy everything in the edit window, then paste it into your lesson page. Flesh out the content, putting your material in place of the items IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Where there are three of something, you can have any number you like of them.

Write a vocabulary/review section
Again, other pages give details on how to write this section. Here is a dummy section to help in writing up lessons. To use it, open up the section ("Vocabulary and review") in edit mode (click on the Edit link on the right), copy everything in the edit window, then paste it into your lesson page. Flesh out the content, putting your material in place of the items IN CAPITAL LETTERS. Where there are three of something, you can have any number you like of them, of course.

Once you have decided on the full content of the lesson's vocabulary, you should incorporate it into the general vocabulary page. While this is not an automatic process, it is quite easy and some of the steps can be performed semi-automatically, i.e. using computer tools to make it easier. The steps are as follows:
 * 1) Open the word list page (NOT the general vocabulary page just mentioned, which should not be edited directly). This is where the complete vocabulary is stored in alphabetic order; open its editing window.
 * 2) Copy and paste the entire existing contents of the editing window (Ctrl-A) to a Microsoft Word file (or any other programme capable of alphabetically sorting a list). There's no need to save the file, just keep the window open.
 * 3) Now open in another window the new vocabulary section you are incorporating, again in edit mode, and copy and paste the list of vocabulary items there appending it at the end of (or anywhere else you like, actually) the word document you have temporarily created. (Note: you may take the column-separator lines as well if you like: (" | width=33% valign="top"| "). If so, no problem, just delete them again after you do the sort.)
 * 4) Now select the whole list in your word processor page and sort it alphabetically. (On my computer this is done from the Table menu, even though there's no need to make a table for it to work!) If the column separators are there, delete them now.
 * 5) Copy and paste the whole page back into the editing window of the course's general word list window, replacing the previous version of the list, and save.

title: Miskito/How


text:
User:Kijog/sandbox

style="text-align: center; background: #ffffff; border: solid 10px #cff2ce" rules="all" ! style="background-color: #cff2ce; height: 50px; text-align: center" colspan="" | Spanish •

title: User:Kijog/sandbox