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American Literature/20th Century/Theodore Dreiser

Theodore Herman Albert Dreiser (August 27, 1871 – December 28, 1945) was an American naturalist author known for dealing with the gritty reality of life. He was born in Terre Haute, Indiana, to Sarah and John Paul Dreiser, a strict Catholic. John, his father, was a German immigrant and Sarah was from the Mennonite farming community near Dayton, Ohio; she was disowned for marrying John and converting to Catholicism. Theodore was the twelfth of thirteen children (the ninth of the ten surviving). The popular songwriter Paul Dresser (1859–1906) was his older brother. From 1889–1890, Theodore attended Indiana University before flunking out. Within several years, he was writing for the Chicago Globe newspaper and then the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. After proposing in 1893, he married Sara White on December 28, 1898. They ultimately separated in 1909, but were never formally divorced.

Works

 * The Financier
 * Sister Carrie: a Novel
 * The Titan
 * Twelve Men


text:
Category:Language user templates

See Userboxes for documentation of userboxes.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Language user templates


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Template talk:Userbox

Userbox
 * This page should be protected as it is set to original standards. -Dr. K 18:35, 14 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I think it should only be semi-protected. Arlen22 (talk) 14:28, 14 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Userbox


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User talk:199.8.16.1

Please note that I have deleted your recently created page John Holt because it is not a book. Wikibooks is a project for the creation of text books and modules like that on John Holt should be created on Wikipedia which is for encyclopaedic articles.

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
 * The use of a username of your choice
 * The ability to view all your contributions via a "My contributions" link
 * Your own user page
 * Your own talk page which, if you choose, also allows users to send you messages without knowing your e-mail address
 * The use of your own personal watchlist to which you can add articles that interest you
 * The ability to rename pages.
 * The ability to upload images
 * The ability to customize the appearance and behavior of the website
 * The eligibility to become an administrator
 * The right to be heard in votes and elections
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We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

Xania talk 18:39, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:199.8.16.1


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User talk:Ronald.branson~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

The pages you have recently created don't appear to be suitable for Wikibooks. This project is for the creation of text books and encyclopedic articles should be created on Wikipedia.

Xania talk 18:40, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ronald.branson. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ronald.branson~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:41, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:26, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ronald.branson~enwikibooks


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Template talk:Userbox-r

Userbox-r

 * Protect because it is set to original standards and to stop vandalization before it occurs. -Dr. K 18:44, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Userbox-r


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User talk:Alexsmail

Welcome to alexsmail discussion page
The best way to contact me is through contact post http://alexsmail.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_6851.html of my blog.

Wikimania 2011
In my blog I put some lections from Wikimania 2011. You can find more through the links there. alexsmail (discuss • contribs) 00:31, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

Good luck! --Panic 19:33, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Thanks! I've posted a message on discussion page of your book Object oriented programming. Take a look.

User page
"Hobbies: chess, math, reading (primarly philosophy book and science fiction)" to "Hobbies: chess, math, reading (primarily philosophy and science fiction books)"

I'm also a fan of SiFi and Fantasy books check Books read, SF & Fantasy Books, their authors and my rates, if you have some favorites tell me about it :) it's becoming hard to find any good ones. Have you taken a look into the C++ Programming book ? --Panic 22:57, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
 * First of all, thank you for your notice, it is fixed now. I saw your page. There are many author that I don't know. I suppose this is fantasy. I don't like it. From the author I saw, I was surprised to see Dante Alighieri. Does he write Science fiction or fantasy? Fairy tails are also thought to be prototype of fantasy... Stanislaw Lem and Isaac Asimov I love them much and read many books they wrote. Harry Harrison have interesting books too, but have not interesting books too. I like SiFi of 70-80's. They are good. The latest one has much of rubbish. I suppose, you've already read this classic. (Again, I am not reading fantasy and I distinguish them). I can recommend you to read brothers Strugatsky books. They are Russian writers and not very popular abroad Russia. If you'll find their books, I recommend you to read it. I'll just note few of them: "The bug in an ant hill", "Waves extinguish a wind" (continue of the first one), "Picnic on a roadside", "Monday begins on Saturday" (while it is defined as SiFi, I think it is on the border between SiFi and fantasy) and much more. I suppose you've read Oruel's "1984". I recommend you also to read Nabakov (while it is not SiFi or fantasy).

I've just created new page m:b:en:Wikibooks/User:Alexsmail/What to read? So you can see books that I'm going to read their. (I warn you, there is no SiFi or fantasy their.). I haven't taken a look into the C++ Programming book yet. alexsmail 15:21, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I have examined the C++ Programming book, see my comment in Talk:C++ Programming. alexsmail 16:37, 19 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Can't find your post, probably I already replied to it some time ago. Keep an eye on C++ Programming/Editor's TOC for anything you can add. --Panic 23:04, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Russian translation
Unfortunately I know no Russian whatsoever, but the people in Category:User ru-1, Category:User ru-2, or Category:User ru-3 might be able to help you. If there's no one active on those lists you might want to check the analogous categories on wikipedia (see Wikipedia's babel page). Good luck. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 16:09, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Thank you anyway! alexsmail 18:52, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

Re: help requested
I started translating your book at A scientific perspective of philosophy. Take a look and tell me what do you think about.

--vitalij 12:32, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Thank you! It is looks fine. When I'm translating back to Russian, I do understand the text. I will keep eye on your work. Unfortunately, I can't help you with the style in English, since my level of English is not that great. alexsmail 12:09, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I had to clean up the text and develop more the examples you did because before it was understandable only to phisicists while we would like to speak with philosophers!
 * --vitalij 09:12, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't want to lose the physic part of the book. If you can, add more parts. It is great, but don't lose the existing parts. You can remove the formulas, but don't avoid the physics explanations. They are not really physics, but popular scientific (научно-популярные) information. alexsmail 13:53, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I will copy this conversation to the discussion page. Lets continue talking about this there. alexsmail 13:57, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

cleanning up
Panic thank you for cleanning up my page! alexsmail 19:43, 17 September 2007 (UTC)

Check out the Science Fiction Literature book
I hadn't noticed it before, seems a cool project... --Panic (talk) 08:18, 25 February 2010 (UTC)
 * Not really for me. alexsmail (talk) 22:04, 13 May 2010 (UTC)

Important Note
The best way to contact me is through contact post http://alexsmail.blogspot.com/2009/03/blog-post_6851.html of my blog.

Wikimania 2011
In my blog I put some lections from Wikimania 2011. You can find more through the links there. alexsmail (discuss • contribs) 00:31, 19 December 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alexsmail


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User talk:Kool92

Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window that will insert this, too; it looks like part of a signature.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck!

-- xixtas talk 19:38, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

P.S. I see you have contributed to Wikijunior the Human Body. Thank you for your contribution.

title: User talk:Kool92


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User:Sboehringer

I am a contributor to the following books:

 * Puzzles
 * WikiJunior Human Body

title: User:Sboehringer


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User talk:Sboehringer

I see you have contributed to Wikijunior the Human Body. Thank you for your contribution. -- xixtas talk 19:42, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

What is Wikijunior
What is Wikijunior" is proposed as a policy and has been included on the Wikibooks Policies and Guidelines Voting page. Please take time to comment and express your opinion in the referendum. -- xixtas talk 02:20, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sboehringer


text:
Wikijunior:Human Body/Contributing

Guidelines
When working on this project, remember that it's aimed at children. It's more important to be understood than to be precisely accurate on every detail. Use technical vocabulary when you need to, but don't use big words where simpler language would work. When you have to use an uncommon or technical word, list it in the glossary of basic terms and define it. Giving definitions when such words are used is generally a good idea as well.

It also helps to make the article "speak" to the reader, than just make it encyclopedic and be precise on every detail. For young editors, it's best to make the article speak to them so the young reader can understand the body part. As said above, make sure to use simple words the young reader can understand. If you have too big of a word, and you don't know how to simplify it, you can look it up online or in a thesaurus.

Please, if you can contribute to this book, do so. Many sections are in need of help. You can work on almost anything including this page, but if you want to make some significant changes please bring them up on the discussion page. You are welcome to create modules for additional parts of the body.

Try to restrict discussion to the main discussion page so that people can actually see your message without having to check specific pages.

Create or request an article
You are encouraged to create an article on an interesting part of the body. Note however that not all articles will make it into the final published version, though they will all be available on this live online version. If you would like someone else to write a page about a part of the body, add your suggestion to the Article Stubs list. When creating stub articles please use the Wikijunior Human Body/Stub Template.

Major questions
Consider using these questions as headings in each article:

 * What does a [body part] look like?
 * What are the parts of the [body part]?
 * What is the function of the [body part]?
 * How does the [body part] interact with other parts of the body?
 * How can you keep your [body part] healthy?

title: Wikijunior:Human Body/Contributing


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User:Panic2k4/Books Read

Books read, SF & Fantasy Books, their authors and how I rank them
Rates are from 1-10: (?) = can't remember, (Q) = quit in the middle, (8-9) - you shouldn't die without reading those, (5-7) - pretty cool, (3-4) - mediocre

My rating is based on many factors, most important to me is the level of imagination or new concepts a work introduces without getting turned into dreamscapes. Secondly how intelligent the author is in advancing the plot in a plausible way without boring the reader to death. I don't like mundane story lines or overcomplicated concepts or very convoluted mental or moral dilemmas, if pieces don't fit well together I will not like it, I'm willing to turn off the reality/science verifier if the history is entertaining, a capacity one must have if one enjoys only books and has a good imagination.

I have read many more books I will try to tag the ones I remember or came across with a "?" until I revisit the text and rate it. Also if I quit ("q") a book it was because the history was boring or very confusing or just didn't catch my interest I will rate the work as for what I did read so classification may be off by one point above what I would rank it if I spent the time to really find out. I rarely skip to the end of the book in that event, if I quit its because I just don't care what happens next. This is important as low ranking books if finished indicate a good plot line.

Other similar pages
User:Alexsmail keeps a similar page in User:Alexsmail/What to read if anyone else does have and maintain a similar page let me know about it...

J.R.R. Tolkien (9) - (born January 3, 1892 – died September 2, 1973)
The Hobbit (8) The Lord of the Rings Book 1 (8) The Lord of the Rings Book 2 (9) The Lord of the Rings Book 3 (7)

Alan Dean Foster (9)
The I Inside (9) Space Opera (8) Aliens Vs Predator - War (7) The Man Who Used The Universe (7) The Chronicles of Riddick (7) The Dig (6) Interlopers (6) Kingdoms of Light (5) Life Form (5) Humanx Commonwealth : Midworld (5) Humanx Commonwealth : The Howling Stones (7) Codgerspace (5) Cyber Way (4) Into the Out Of (4) Slipt (3Q) To the Vanishing Point (5) The Black Hole (6) The Last Starfighter (6) Quozl (5Q) The Tessellated Tetrahexahedral Yellow Rose of Texas (5) Impossible Places [Short Story Collection] (4Q) Kingdoms of Light (5) Krull (6)

The Damned 01 - A Call to Arms (4) The Damned 02 - The False Mirror (5)

Spellsinger 01 - Spellsinger (6) Spellsinger 02 - The Hour of the Gate (6) Spellsinger 03 - The Day of the Dissonance (5) Spellsinger 04 - The Moment of The Magician (4) Spellsinger 05 - The Paths Of The Perambulator (4) Spellsinger 06 - The Time Of The Transferance (5) Spellsinger 07 - Chorus Skating (5) Spellsinger 08 - Son Of Spellsinger(5)

Flinx 01 - For Love Of Mother-Not (8) Flinx 11 - Running from The Deity (6)

The Founding of the Commonwealth 3 - Diuturnity's Dawn (6)

Taken trilogy 1 - Lost and Found (6) Taken trilogy 2 - The Light-Years Beneath My Feet (6) Taken trilogy 3 - The Candle of Distant Earth (5)

Icenggger Trilogy 1 - Icenggger (7) Icenggger Trilogy 2 - Mission to Moulokin (6) Icenggger Trilogy 3 - The Deluge Drivers (7)

Robert Lynn Asprin (8) - (born June 28, 1946 – died May 22, 2008)
Tambu (7) The Cold Cash War (5) Myth 01 - Another Fine Myth (8) Myth 02 - Myth Conceptions (8) Myth 03 - Myth Directions (8) Myth 04 - Hit or Myth (?) Myth 05 - MythIng Persons (?) Myth 06 - Little Myth Marker (?) Myth 07 - MYTH Inc Link (?) Myth 08 - Myth-Nomers and Im-Pervections (?) Myth 09 - MYTH Inc in Action (?) Myth 10 - Sweet Myth-tery of Life (?) Myth 11 - Myth-ion Improbable (?)

Orson Scott Card (8)
The Ender saga 01 - Ender's Game (8) The Ender saga 02 - Speaker for the Dead (6) The Ender saga 03 - Xenocide (4Q) The Ender saga 04 - Children of the mind (Q)

The Tales of Alvin Maker 01 - Seventh Son (4Q)

A Planet Called Treason (7)

Frederik Pohl (8) - (born November 26, 1919 – died September 2, 2013)
Plague of Pythons (7) Black Star Rising (5) The Coming of the Quantum Cats (4Q) Heechee 01 - Gateway (6) Heechee 02 - Beyond the Blue Event Horizon (8) Heechee 03 - Heechee Rendevous (6) Eschaton 01 - The Other End of Time (7) Eschaton 02 - The Siege Of Eternity (5) Eschaton 03 - The Far Shore Of Time (6) The World at the End of Time (8)

Larry Niven (8)
and Jerry Pournelle - The Mote in God's Eye (8) and Jerry Pournelle - The Gripping Hand (7) Jerry Pournelle, and Michael Flynn - Fallen Angels (5Q) Footfall (6) Ringworld (8) The Ringworld Engineers (7) The Ringworld Throne (6) Ringworld's Children (5) and Jerry Pournelle, and Steven Barnes - The Legacy of Heorot (6) and Jerry Pournelle, and Steven Barnes - The Dragons of Heorot aka Beowulf's Children (6)

R. A. Salvatore (8)
Dark Elf Trilogy - 1 Homeland (8) Dark Elf Trilogy - 2 Exile (8) Dark Elf Trilogy - 3 Sojourn (7) Icewind Dale trilogy - 1 The Crystal Shard (7) Icewind Dale trilogy - 2 Streams of Silver (7) Icewind Dale trilogy - 3 The Halfling's Gem (8) The Hunter's Blades - 1 The Thousand Orcs (4Q)

Richard Kadrey (8)
Butcher Bird (8) - (free ebook)

Dave Duncan (8)
Man of His Word 1 - Magic Casement (8) Man of His Word 2 - Faery Lands Forlorn (8) Man of His Word 3 - Perilous Seas (8) Man of His Word 4 - Emperor and Clown (8) A Handful of Men 1 - The Cutting Edge (8) A Handful of Men 2 - Upland Outlaws (7) A Handful of Men 3 - The Stricken Field (8) A Handful of Men 4 - The Living God (8) Kings Blades 1 - The Gilded Chain (4Q) Shadow (5Q) A Rose Red City (6)

Frank Herbert (8)
Destination Void 1 - Destination Void (5Q) Whipping Star 1 - Whipping Star (6) Whipping Star 2 - The Dosadi Experiment (6) Hellstrom's Hive (6) The Green Brain (6) Escape Felicity (7) The Santaroga Barrier (8)

Raymond E. Feist (8)
The Riftwar Saga 1+ - Magician (Expanded Ed.) (7) The Riftwar Saga 2 - Silverthorn (7) The Riftwar Saga 3 - A Darkness at Sethanon (6) Legends of the Riftwar 3 - Murder in LaMut (5Q) The Serpentwar Saga 1 - Shadow of a Dark Queen (8) The Serpentwar Saga 2 - Rise of a Merchant Prince (8) The Serpentwar Saga 3 - Rage of a Demon King (7) The Serpentwar Saga 4 - Shards of a Broken Crown (8) Conclave of Shadows 1 - Talon of the Silver Hawk (7) Conclave of Shadows 2 - King of Foxes (6) Conclave of Shadows 3 - Exile's Return (7) and Janny Wurts - The Empire Trilogy 1 - Daughter of the Empire (8) and Janny Wurts - Empire 2 - Servant of the Empire (6) and Janny Wurts - Empire 3 - Mistress of the Empire (7) The Riftwar Legacy 1 - Krondor: The Betrayal (6) The Riftwar Legacy 2 - Krondor: The Assassins (6) The Riftwar Legacy 3 - Krondor: Tear of the Gods (6) Darkwar 1 - Flight of the Nighthawks (7) Darkwar 2 - Into a Dark Realm (7)

George R. Stewart (8) - (born May 31, 1895 – died August 22, 1980)
Earth Abides (8)

Isaac Asimov (7) - (born January 2, 1920 – died April 6, 1992)
The Caves of Steel (7) Foundation 1 - Prelude to Foundation (5) Robots in Time 1 - Predator (5) Robots in Time 2 - Marauder (6) Robots in Time 3 - Warrior (5) Robots in Time 4 - Dictator(6) Robots in Time 5 - Emperor (4) Robots in Time 6 - Invader (5) The Gods Themselves (4)

Andre Norton (7) - (born February 17, 1912 – died March 17, 2005)
Beast Master 01 - The Beast Master (6) Beast Master 02 - Lord of Thunder (6) Galactic Derilict (7) Star Soldier (6) Operation Time Search (6) Cat's Eye (6) Dark Piper (4Q) Flight in Yiktor (4) Time Traders 1 - The Time Traders (6) - (free ebook) Time Traders 3 - The Defiant Agents (5) - (free ebook) Time Traders 4 - Key Out of Time (5) - (free ebook) Time Traders 1 (omnibus), The Time Traders & Galactic Derelict (6) Time Traders 2 (omnibus), The Defiant Agents & Key Out of Time (5) Pax Astra 1 - The Stars Are Ours! (7) Pax Astra 2 - Star Born (6) Forerunner 2 - Ordeal in Otherwhere (6) Forerunner 3 - Forerunner Foray (6)

Roger MacBride Allen (7)
Hunted Earth 1 - The Ring Of Charon (7) Hunted Earth 2 - The Shattered Sphere (7) Caliban 1 - Isaac Asimov's Caliban (7) Caliban 2 - Isaac Asimov's Inferno (7) Caliban 3 - Isaac Asimov's Utopia (7) Chronicles of Solace 03 - The Shores of Tomorrow (5Q) The Torch of Honor (4Q)

Joe Haldeman (7)
Tool of the Trade (7) Guardian (4Q)

Dave Freer (7)
The Forlorn (7) and Eric Flint - Rats, Bats and Vats (6)

David Gemmell(7)
Morningstar (7)

David Weber (7)
Honor Harrington 01 (7) Honor Harrington 02 (7) Honor Harrington 03 (6) Honor Harrington 04 (?) Honor Harrington 05 (?) Honor Harrington 06 (?) Honor Harrington 07 (?) Honor Harrington 08 (?) Honor Harrington 09 - Ashes of Victory (5)

Bahzell 1: Oath of Swords (5) Bahzell 2: The War God's Own (5) Bahzell 3: Wind Riders Oath (4)

Robert Anson Heinlein (7)
I Will Fear No Evil (4Q) The Puppet Masters (5) And He Built A Crooked House (6) The Star Beast (7)

William R. Forstchen (7)
Into the Sea of Stars (7) The Lost Regiment 01 - Rally Cry! (7)

Neal Stephenson (7)
The Diamond Age (Or) a Young Lady's Illustrated Primer (7)

David Brin (7)
and Gregory Benford - Heart of the Comet (7) The Uplift War (7) The Practice Effect (6)

Jack Vance (7)
The Many Worlds of Magnus Ridolph aka The Brains of Earth (5) Tschai aka Planet of Adventure (7) Maske: Thaery (4Q) The Demon Princes (7) (collection of Star King, The Killing Machine, The Palace of Love, The Face and The Book of Dreams) Dying Earth 1 - The Dying Earth (4) Dying Earth 2 - The Eyes of the Overworld (5) Dying Earth 3 - Cugel's Saga (5)

Christopher Rowley (7)
Bazil Broketail 1 - Bazil Broketail (7) Bazil Broketail 2 - A Sword For a Dragon (6) Bazil Broketail 3 - Dragons of War (6) Bazil Broketail 4 - Battledragon (6) Bazil Broketail 5 - A Dragon at World's End (7) Bazil Broketail 6 - Dragons of Argonath (7) Bazil Broketail 7 - The Dragon Ultimate (5) Vang 1 - The Military Form (5) Vang 2 - The Battlemaster (6)

Poul Anderson (7) - (born November 25, 1926 – died July 31, 2001)
The Man Who Counts aka War of the Wing-Men (5) Trader to the Stars - includes "Hiding Place", "Territory", "The Master Key" (6) Satan's World (5) The Shield of Time (7) Starfarers (4Q) Brain Wave (6) Fire Time (5) Terran Empire - Let the Spacemen Beware AKA The Night Face (period of Dominic Flandry) (5) Dominic Flandry 1 - Ensign Flandry (7) Dominic Flandry 2 - A Circus of Hells (7) Dominic Flandry 3 - The Rebel Worlds (6) Dominic Flandry 4 - A Knight of Ghosts and Shadows (6) Dominic Flandry 5 - A Stone in Heaven (6) Dominic Flandry Collection 1 - Agent of the Terran Empire (5) Dominic Flandry Collection 2 - Flandry of Terra (6) Time Patrol 01 - The Guardians of Time (6) Time Patrol 02 - Time Patrolman (6)

Aaron Allston (6)
Doc Sidhe - Doc Sidhe (6) Doc Sidhe - Sidhe-Devil (6)

Christopher Anvil (6)
Interstellar Patrol 1 - Interstellar Patrol (5) Interstellar Patrol 2 - The Federation of Humanity (6) Pandora’s Legions (4)

Clive Barker (6)
Imajica 01 - The Fifth Dominion (6) Imajica 02 - The Reconciliation (6)

Dafydd ab Hugh (6)
and Brad Linaweaver - Doom 01 - Knee Deep In The Dead (6) and Brad Linaweaver - Doom 02 - Hell on Earth (6) and Brad Linaweaver - Doom 03 - Infernal Sky (6) and Brad Linaweaver - Doom 04 - Endgame (6)

Philip Jose Farmer (6) - (born January 26, 1918 – died February 25, 2009)
Riverworld 1 - To Your Scattered Bodies Go (5) Riverworld 2 - The Fabulous Riverboat (4) World of Tiers 1 - The Maker of Universes (6) World of Tiers 2 - The Gates of Creation (5) World of Tiers 3 - A Private Cosmos (6) World of Tiers 4 - Behind the Walls of Terra (6) World of Tiers 5 - The Lavalite World (5) World of Tiers 6 - More Than Fire (6) World of Tiers - Red Orc's Rage (4Q)

Jerry Pournelle (6)
Janissaries 1 - Janissaries (6) with Roland Green - Janissaries 2 - Clan and Crown (6) with Roland Green - Janissaries 3 - Storms of Victory (5)

Walter Michael Miller, Jr. (6) - (born January 23, 1923 – died January 9, 1996)
A Canticle for Leibowitz (6)

Spider Robinson (6)
Callahan's Secret (6) Telempath (4)

Jim Czajkowsk aka James Rollins aka James Clemens (6)
Ice Hunt (6)

Julian May (6)
The Saga of the Pliocene Exiles 1 - The Many-Coloured Land (6) The Saga of the Pliocene Exiles 2 - The Golden Torc (5)

Robert Louis Stevenson (6)
Treasure Island (6)

Terry Brooks (6)
Original Shannara Trilogy 01- The Sword Of Shannara (5) Original Shannara Trilogy 02 - The Elfstones of Shannara (6)

C. S. Lewis (6) - (born November 29, 1898 – died November 22, 1963)
Ransom Trilogy 01 - Out of the Silent Planet (6)

Harry Harrison (6)
Deathworld 1 (6) Deathworld 2 (6) Deathworld 3 (5) Planets 1 - Planet of the Damned (5) Planets 2 - Planet of No Return (6) War with the Robots (3Q)

Greg Bear (6)
Blood Music (6) The Forge of God (4) Darwin's Children (4Q) Moving Mars (5Q) Hegira (5Q)

H. G. Wells (6)
Food of the Gods (4)

Anne McCaffrey (6)
Dinosaur Planet (5) Dinosaur Planet: The Survivors (6)

James P. Hogan (6)
Giants 1: Inherit The Stars (6) Giants 2: The Gentle Giants Of Ganymede (5) Giants 3: Giants' Star (5)

Piers Anthony (6)
Of Man and Manta 01 - Omnivore (6) Of Man and Manta 02 - Orn (4) Of Man and Manta 03 - 0x (5) Apprentice Adept 01 - Split Infinity (5) Apprentice Adept 02 - Blue Adep (4) Apprentice Adept 03 - Juxtaposition (3) Apprentice Adept 04 - Out of Phaze (4) Apprentice Adept 05 - Robot Adept (4) Apprentice Adept 06 - Unicorn Point (5) Apprentice Adept 07 - Phaze Doubt (4) Xanth 01 - A Spell for Chameleon (6) Xanth 02 - The Source of Magic (5) Xanth 03 - Castle Roogna (5) Xanth 04 - Centaur Aisle (5) Xanth 05 - Ogre, Ogre (6) Xanth 06 - Night Mare (5) Xanth 07 - Dragon on a Pedestal (5) Xanth 08 - Crewel Lye (4) Xanth 09 - Golem in the Gears (4) Xanth 10 - Vale of the Vole (4) Xanth 11 - Heaven Cent (4) Xanth 12 - Man from Mundania (4) Xanth 13 - Isle of View (4) Xanth 14 - Question Quest (4) Incarnations of Immortality 01 - On A Pale Horse (6) with Mercedes Lackey - If I Pay Thee Not In Gold (6) Minionette 1 - Chthon (6)

William C. Dietz (6)
Legion 04 - By Force of Arms (5) Sam McCade 02 - Imperial Bounty (6) Prison Planet (6)

Ben Bova (6)
Hour of the Gremlins (5) collection: Gremlins, Go Home! (with Gordon Dickson) (1974), Hour of the Horde and Wolfling Colony (5Q) Voyagers 2 - The Alien Within (4) Asteroid Wars 01 - Precipice (5) Asteroid Wars 02 - Rock Rats (6) Asteroid Wars 03 - The Silent War (6)

Lawrence Watt-Evans (6)
Dûs 1 - The Lure of the Basilisk (5) Dûs 2 - Seven Altars of Dusarra (6) Dûs 3 - Sword of Bheleu (6) Dûs 4 - Book of Silence (5)

War Surplus 1 - The Cyborg and the Sorcerers (5) War Surplus 2 - The Wizard and the War Machine (5)

Ethshar 1 - The Misenchanted Sword (6) Ethshar 2 - With a Single Spell (6) Ethshar 3 - The Unwilling Warlord (6) Ethshar 4 - The Blood of a Dragon (5) Ethshar 5 - Taking Flight (4) Ethshar 6 - The Spell of the Black Dagger (6) Ethshar 7 - Night of Madness (6) Ethshar 8 - Ithanalin's Restoration (5) Ethshar 9 - The Spriggan Mirror (6) (selfpublished to the WEB - free ebook)

Philip K. Dick (6) - (born October 16, 1928 – died November 2, 1982)
Second Variety (4) A Maze of Death (4Q) VALIS (2Q) The Man In The High Castle (3Q) Vulcan's Hammer (6)

A. E. van Vogt (6) - (born April 26, 1912 – died January 26, 2000)
Slan (6) The Silkie (4Q) The World of Null-A (revised edition) (4Q) The Voyage of the Space Beagle (4) The Battle Of Forever (6) Recruiting Station (5)

E. E. 'Doc' Smith (6)
Masters of Space (5) The Galaxy Primes (4Q) Spacehounds of IPC (4) Skylark 1 - The Skylark of Space (6) Skylark 2 - Skylark Three (5) Skylark 3 - Skylark of Valeron (4) Skylark 4 - Skylark DuQuesne (4) Lensman 1 - Triplanetary (3Q) Lensman 2 - First Lensman (5) Lensman 3 - Galactic Patrol (4) Lensman 4 - Gray Lensman (4) Lensman 5 - Second Stage Lensmen (4) Lensman 6 - Children of the Lens (4) Lensman - Masters of the Vortex aka The Vortex Blaster (5) (see David A. Kyle for more Lensman Universe adventures)

Kevin J. Anderson (6)
Saga of Seven Suns 1 - Hidden Empire (6) Saga of Seven Suns 2 - A Forest of Stars (6) Saga of Seven Suns 3 - Horizon Storms (6) Saga of Seven Suns 4 - Scattered Suns (6) Saga of Seven Suns 5 - Of Fire and Night (6) Saga of Seven Suns 6 - Metal Swarm (5) Gamearth 1 - Game Earth (4Q) Assemblers of Infinity (6) Ignition (5Q) Resurrection Inc. (5Q)

David A. Kyle (5)
The Dragon Lensman (5) (based in the Lensman series Universe by E. E. 'Doc' Smith)

William Gibson (5)
Count Zero (5Q)

Michael Crichton (5) - (born October 23, 1942 – died November 4, 2008)
The Andromeda Strain (5) Prey (5)

L. E. Modesitt Jr (5)
The Forever Hero 01 - Dawn For a Distant Earth (5) The Forever Hero 02 - The Silent Warrior (5) The Forever Hero 03 - The Endless Twilight (4)

Samuel R. Delany (5)
Nova (5) The Fall of the Towers, Omnibus(4Q) Babel-17 (4Q)

C.J. Cherryh (5)
The Pride of Chanur (5)

Steve Alten (5)
Domain (5)

L Ron Hubbard (5)
Battlefield Earth (5)

Hal Clement (5)
Mission of Gravity (5)

Murray Leinster (5)
Med Ship (5)

Stephen Baxter (5)
The Time Ships (5) Manifold 2 - Space (4) Manifold 3 - Origin (1Q) Xeelee 01 - Raft (5Q)

Tom Godwin (5)
The Survivors aka Space Prison (5) - (free ebook)

Cyril M. Kornbluth (5)
The Little Black Bag (5)

Eric Nylund (5)
Halo II (5)

Peter F. Hamilton (5)
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John Varley (5)
Millennium (5) Gaea 1 - Titan (5) Gaea 2 - Wizard (5) Gaea 3 - Demon (5)

Clifford D. Simak (5)
Cosmic Engineers (4) Destiny Doll (5)

David Drake (5)
Cross the Stars (5) (free ebook)

John Scalzi (5)
Old Man's War (5) Old Man's War:The Ghost Brigades (4Q) Old Man's War:The Last Colony (4)

Eric Flint (5)
Eric Flint & David Drake - Belisarius 1 - An Oblique Approach (5) Eric Flint & David Drake - Belisarius 2 - In the Heart of Darkness (5) Eric Flint & David Drake - Belisarius 3 - Destiny's Shield (5)

Jack Adrian, pen name of Christopher Lowder (5)
Deathlands 1 - Pilgrimage to Hell (5) Deathlands 2 - Red Holocaust (5Q)

A. Bertram Chandler (4)
The John Grimes story 7 - Big Black Mark (4Q) Spartan Planet (4)

Algis Budrys (4)
Blood and burning (4Q)

Robert Silverberg (4)
Across A Billion Years (4Q)

C. J. Cherryh (4)
Cyteen (4Q)

Kurt Vonnegut Jr (4)
The Sirens of Titan (4)

Theodore R Cogswel (4)
The Wall Around the World (4)

Karel Capek (3)
War with Salamanders (3)

Other authors/titles
Enterprise 01 - Broken Bow (7) Enterprise 02 - By the Book (7) Enterprise 03 - What Price Honor (6) Enterprise 04 - Shockwave (5) Enterprise 05 - Surak's Soul (6) Enterprise 06 - The Expanse (7) Enterprise 07 - Daedalus (7) Enterprise 08 - Daedalus's Children (7) Enterprise 09 - Rosetta (6) Enterprise 10 - Last Full Measure (5) Enterprise 11 - The Good That Men Do (6) Enterprise 12 - Kobayashi Maru (7) Aliens Vs Predator 1 - Prey (7) Aliens Vs Predator 2 - Hunter's Planet (5) Aliens Vs Predator 3 - War (7) Aliens Vs Predator 4 - Genocide (5) Tom Clancy, Neal Stephenson, J. K. Rowling (5), ST SCE (4), Edgar Rice Burroughs (5), ST TNG, ST DS9, ST TOS (5), John Milton, Douglas Adams, Dante Alighieri, Plato, ST Voy, Star Trek - TNG - The Beginning, Harry Turtledove, Brian Bradd, John Wyndham, ST Misc, Terry Pratchett, Stanislaw Lem (5), Perry Rhodan (5), Jules Verne (6), John Steakley,

title: User:Panic2k4/Books Read


text:
User talk:157.228.31.49

Regarding edits made during April 14 2007
Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. If this is an IP address, and it is shared by multiple users, ignore this warning if you did not make any unconstructive edits. Az1568(Talk) 20:29, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:157.228.31.49


text:
Cookbook talk:Indian Butter Chicken I

Coriander, where for art though?
Coriander is metioned in the procedure but it is not in the Ingredients list. What is right? or how mutch? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.65.83.42 (talk • contribs) 2007-04-15T06:33:52.

 * Good catch, thanks! I've added it as a tablespoon of ground coriander, based on a quick look at other recipes on the Intaweb. Webaware talk 10:18, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Yeah some of the recipes that includes coriander powder we don't even know how much of it should we add. Goku (discuss • contribs) 15:39, 23 August 2022 (UTC)

Rename and make disambiguation page?
I noticed that there are several recipes for butter chicken in the cookbook, so I think it would be a good idea to rename this as a variation and then make Cookbook:Butter Chicken a disambiguation page per Cookbook:Policy. Thoughts? -- Nostriker (discuss • contribs) 22:05, 22 January 2022 (UTC)

Thanks that is a great idea Goku (discuss • contribs) 15:36, 23 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Indian Butter Chicken I


text:
Talk:C Programming/Arrays and strings

I updated this module to reflect that fact that some compiler do array bounds checking in simple cases: Comeau's compiler does, for one, and it's likely that others using the EDG front-end can also do so. -- James Dennett 22:11, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

wchar_t strings?
It seems that the book doesn't touch the wchar_t datatype and it's use as UCS strings at all. As the need to support other character sets and strings beyond unicode increases, this book would benefit a lot if it delved into the subject --Mecanismo 10:30, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

i want the flowcharts basic. please send to my id ra_ravi26@yahoo.in.

how the compiler search the perticular elemnt in two or multi dimensional array????
can u providethe info about the compiler process of finding the exact element in muti dimentional array.... Example int a[2][2] inthat i want the value of the [1][0] ...how the compiler process & finds the value internally???? IF THE ANSWER KNOW PERFECTLY,KINDLY SHARE UR ANSWER TO DIS MAIL ADDRESS srikanth4b9@gmail.com

title: Talk:C Programming/Arrays and strings


text: Talk:Instructional Technology/Instructional Design is science, philosophy or technology?


text:
User talk:Joecool94~enwikibooks

Human Body
You are listed as either an interested participant or voted for "Human Body" for Wikijunior New Book of the Quarter. This message is to let you know that we are starting work on Human Body because it was selected for 2nd quarter 2007. -- xixtas talk 02:23, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

Wikijunior:World War II
You are listed as either an interested participant or at one time voted for "World War II" for Wikijunior New Book of the Quarter. This message is to let you know that we are starting work on World War II because it was selected for 3rd quarter 2007. -- xixtas talk 23:44, 11 July 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Joecool94. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Joecool94~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:17, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:05, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joecool94~enwikibooks


text:
Wikibooks talk:Bots

Is there a list
Is there a list of account that have the bot flag on, available to the common Wikibookian ? --Panic 02:31, 15 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Special:Log/makebot lists all bot flag changes Special:Listusers can list current bot flags. For accounts available for mass edit requests, try Category:Wikibookians who are bots (Although I think they have all the same accounts. There's no central place for requests for help with (semi-)automated edits, save WB:SL, so far as I know. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 04:30, 4 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Txs for the info. --Panic 12:00, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

Votes and/or discussion
- The only change I'd make is to clarify the sysop bot section. If I use AWB under Mike.lifeguard to do deletions without a flag is that ok? I think it should be - if I wanted a bot flag for those deletions, it'd need the extra discussion and approval at WB:RFA, but without the flag they're subject to the full scrutiny of normal deletions, so the tool used shouldn't matter. If the actions were to be "hidden" by a bot flag, then some prior discussion would be in order. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 04:36, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I think you need a bot account that has been through RfA to take "admin" actions using a bot (I seem to recall being told that running a bot on an existing admin account was not ok). -- Herby talk thyme 12:04, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

 * That's my impression too - that using a bot for admin actions under an existing admin account isn't ok. But I think it should be - if the account is not bot-flagged (since the changes would be subject to the same scrutiny as any of your other admin actions). – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:40, 4 October 2007 (UTC)

 * For what I remember of discussions on the problem, is that all bot action without the bot flag do appear in the changes log. So the main objection is not the use but the length or periodicity of the bot's actions, some admins do use scripts (that's a kind of bot), so the remaining problem is not to clutter the logs and keep a low number on errors. --Panic 23:31, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm of the impression that using an automated admin script is perfectly fine. In fact, I suspect (although cannot prove and refuse to make any such allegations) that certain users are already using such a script. Common tasks that would benefit from automation include mass-deletions (such as images, or books with large numbers of pages that have been VfD'd) or open proxy blocking (blocking large ranges at once). If you run such a script and dont tell anybody, what would be the difference from how things are now? If anything, we should encourage people to announce what tools they are using, so those tools can be opened to public scrutiny and reliability tests. I would say I am generally against giving such an admin-bot a flag, just because we do want all admin tasks to be easily viewable and verifiable. In fact, in lieu of a policy stating that such admin-scripts cannot be used, I would say that such tools should be cultivated and encouraged. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 00:06, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Comment Is this proposal still running? If not what about a merge or coming to a consensus with the unstable branch... --Panic (talk) 05:16, 26 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I will rename the thread to only discussion and leave it running as there was no announcement of a vote and no one seems willing to support what seems an adoption proposal (since the objective of the vote can only be implied). --Panic (talk) 00:33, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

One small issue
I really like the current text of the proposal as-is. It's simple and really gets across the point that the bot flag is really not a big deal. One small point I noticed (and I still this proposal anyway) is that it's a little bit unclear about where the bot flag comes from. It says no real vote is required, but does that mean, as I think it should, that granting and revoking the bot flag is done at the discretion of bureaucrats only. It's a small issue, really, so I still support this. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 23:14, 21 October 2008 (UTC)

 * Why not let admins give and revoke the bot flag like we do now with the patrol and rollback flag? Would take some load off bureaucrats. --dark lama  01:39, 22 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately, that decision hasn't really borne any fruit - we still have only a handful of patrollers/rollbackers. Given admins may flag themselves for temp jobs, I don't see the need to make it an admin-settable bit. As well, bots can actually do damage; I'd like to think our bureaucrats are trusted to protect the community from such mishaps.
 * As well, can we try to keep conversation in one place? I chose WB:AA since it had the background info there. It'll be easier for everyone to see and evaluate what's going on with respect to the proposal if things are consolidated. — Mike.lifeguard | talk 03:53, 22 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I guess I didn't answer Andrew's question. Yes, the intent is that bureaucrats will simply grant the flag in uncontroversial cases. For cases which aren't obviously good or bad, the community should consider the request. Recall that I'm proposing the unstable version, not this one. — Mike.lifeguard | talk 03:58, 22 October 2008 (UTC)

Draft of the unstable branch is up for approval as policy
The process is taking place here Policies and guidelines/Vote/Bots. The proposed text for adoption is the October 24 2008, as a policy, motion started by User:Mike.lifeguard. --Panic (talk) 18:02, 26 October 2008 (UTC)

Global bots
This policy says nothing about whether global bots are automatically approved or even whether global bots are allowed at all. (I suspect the community would be against it due to past apprehensions about interwiki linking, but this should be clarified). See Bot policy for the relevant details that need to be addressed. -- Adrignola talk contribs 04:37, 9 December 2009 (UTC)

Important: maintenance operation on September 1st
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Important: maintenance operation on October 27
This is a reminder of a message already sent to your wiki.

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Server switch
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Bots need to upgrade to Pywikibot 6.6.1
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Thanks, Legoktm (talk) 18:02, 22 September 2021 (UTC)

Your wiki will be in read only soon

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The Wikimedia Foundation tests the switch between its first and secondary data centers. This will make sure that Wikipedia and the other Wikimedia wikis can stay online even after a disaster. To make sure everything is working, the Wikimedia Technology department needs to do a planned test. This test will show if they can reliably switch from one data centre to the other. It requires many teams to prepare for the test and to be available to fix any unexpected problems.

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Unfortunately, because of some limitations in MediaWiki, all editing must stop while the switch is made. We apologize for this disruption, and we are working to minimize it in the future.

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MediaWiki message delivery 01:21, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

Your wiki will be in read-only soon
<section begin="server-switch"/>

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title: Wikibooks talk:Bots


text:
Rhetoric and Composition/Comma Splice

 Editing symbols: cs

What is a comma splice?
"Comma splice" is the term commonly used to describe two independent clauses (basically, clauses that express a complete thought and could stand on their own as full sentences) joined by a comma rather than other accepted punctuation approaches, such as a comma with a coordinating conjunction, a period, or a semi-colon. Like the run-on sentence, they may have a coordinating conjunction (and, or, nor, but, for, so yet) between them but not the comma that needs to accompany the coordinating conjunction when separating two independent clauses.

Examples of comma spliced sentences

 * Every day, millions of children go to daycare with millions of other kids, there is no guarantee that none of them are harboring infectious conditions.
 * Many daycares have strict rules about sick children needing to stay away until they are no longer infectious, enforcing those rules can be very difficult.
 * Daycare providers often undergo extreme pressure to accept a sick child "just this once," the parent has no other care options and cannot miss work.

Fixing comma spliced sentences
Once you find a comma spliced sentence and notice where the two independent clauses are "spliced," you can then decide on how best to separate the clauses:
 * You can make two complete sentences by inserting a period. This is the strongest level of separation.
 * You can use a semicolon between the two clauses if they are of equal importance; this allows your your reader to consider the points together.
 * You can use a semicolon with a transition word to indicate a specific relation between the two clauses;however, use this sparingly.
 * You can use a coordinating conjunction following the comma, and this also will indicate a relationship.
 * Or, you can add a word to one clause to make it dependent.

Examples of fixed comma spliced sentences
Notice how the sentences above have been punctuated in the following examples.

 * Every day, millions of children go to daycare with millions of other kids. There is no guarantee that none of them are harboring infectious conditions.
 * Many daycares have strict rules about sick children needing to stay away until they are no longer infectious; however, enforcing those rules can be very difficult.
 * Many daycares have strict rules about sick children needing to stay away until they are no longer infectious, but enforcing those rules can be very difficult.
 * Daycare providers often undergo extreme pressure to accept a sick child "just this once" because the parent has no other care options and cannot miss work.

Learn more under "commas with two independent clauses" at Rhetoric and Composition/Commas.

title: Rhetoric and Composition/Comma Splice


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Outdoor Industries/Dairying

2. What considerations are made when selecting a calf?
The best approach is a holistic one, by taking a close look at the genetics of the calf and the environment. Both of these factors have an effect on the final phenotype. Maternal and paternal characteristics are important as well as the heritability of these traits. When selecting a calf don't always select on appearance. Know that the calf is going to be used for before selection. Characteristics differ between dairy and beef calves.

Machine Milking
Milking machines are used to extract milk from cows when the herd is larger than about 4 cows. The milking unit is the portion of a milking machine for removing milk from an udder. It is made up of a claw, four teatcups, long milk tube, long pulsator tube, and pulsator. The claw is a manifold which connects the short pulse tubes and short milk tubes from the teatcups to the long pulse tubes and long milk tubes. Claws are commonly made of stainless steel or plastic. Teatcups are composed of a rigid outer shell (stainless steel or plastic), which holds a soft inner liner or inflation. Transparent sections in the shell may allow viewing of liner collapse and milk flow. The annular space between the shell and liner is called the pulsation chamber.

Milking machines work in a way that is different from hand milking or calf suckling. Continuous vacuum is applied inside the soft liner to withdraw milk from the teat by creating a pressure difference across the teat canal (or opening at the end of the teat). Vacuum also helps keep the machine attached to the cow. The vacuum applied to the teat causes congestion of teat tissues (accumulation of blood and other fluids). Atmospheric air is admitted into the pulsation chamber about once per second (the pulsation rate), to allow the liner to collapse around the end of teat and relieve congestion in the teat tissue. The ratio of the time that the liner is open (milking) and closed (massaging or resting) is called the pulsation ratio.

The four streams of milk from the teatcups are usually combined in the claw and transported to the milkline or collection bucket (usually sized to the output of one cow) in a single milk hose. Milk is then transported (manually in buckets) or with a mechanical pump to a central storage vat or bulk tank. Milk is refrigerated on the farm in most countries either by passing through a heat-exchanger or in the bulk tank.

In the photo above is a bucket milking system with the stainless steel bucket visible on the far side of the cow. The two rigid, stainless steel teatcup shells applied to the front two quarters of the cow are visible. The top of the flexible liner is visible at the top of the shells as are the short milk tubes and short pulsation tubes extending from the bottom of the shells to the claw. The bottom of the claw is transparent to allow observation of milk flow. When milking is completed the vacuum to the milking unit is shut off, and the teatcups are removed.

Milking machines keep the milk enclosed and safe from external contamination. The interior 'milk contact' surfaces of the machine are kept clean by a manual or automated washing procedure implemented after milking is completed. Milk contact surfaces must comply with regulations requiring food grade materials (typically stainless steel and special plastics and rubber compounds) and are easily cleaned.

Most milking machines are powered by electricity but, in case of electrical failure, there can be an alternative means of motive power, often an internal combustion engine, for the vacuum and milk pumps. Milk cows cannot tolerate delays in scheduled milking without serious milk production reductions.

7. Know eight parts of a milking machine.
The descriptions of these parts can be found in requirement 6 above.
 * 1) Claw
 * 2) Teatcups
 * 3) Short milk tubes
 * 4) Long milk tube
 * 5) Short pulse tubes
 * 6) Long pulsator tube
 * 7) Pulsator
 * 8) Collection bucket

8. What is mastitis? What steps can be taken to prevent mastitis?
Mastitis is the inflammation of the mammary gland. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection from Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E. coli, or Mycoplasma. It can have many causes, including by poor milking practices, poorly fitting teatcups, faulty milking equipment, and freezing. It can be spread to other cows when bedding is shared between an afflicted cow and a healthy cow. It can be prevented by vaccination.

Mastitis
Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary glands. It has been covered in the previous requirement.

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is more commonly known as mad cow disease. The infectious agent in BSE is believed to be a specific type of misfolded protein called prion. Misfolded prion proteins carry the disease between individuals and cause deterioration of the brain. Different theories exist for the origin of prion proteins in cattle. Two leading theories suggest that it may have jumped species from the disease scrapie in sheep, or that it evolved from a spontaneous form of "mad cow disease" which has been seen occasionally in cattle for many centuries.

Cattle, like most other food animals, are normally herbivores. In nature, cattle eat grass or grains. In modern industrial cattle-farming, various commercial feeds are used, which may contain ingredients including antibiotics, hormones, pesticides, fertilizers, and protein supplements. The use of meat and bone meal as a protein supplement in cattle feed was widespread in Europe prior to about 1987. Worldwide, soybean meal is the primary plant-based protein supplement fed to cattle. However, soybeans do not grow well in Europe, so cattle raisers throughout Europe turned to the less expensive animal byproduct feeds as an alternative. A change to the rendering process in the early 1980s may have resulted in a large increase of the infectious agents in the cattle feed. A contributing factor seems to have been a change in British laws that allowed a lower temperature sterilization of the protein meal.

Soybean meal is cheap and plentiful in the United States. As a result, the use of animal byproduct feeds was never common, as it was in Europe. However, U.S. regulations only partially prohibit the use of animal byproducts in feed. In 1997, regulations prohibited the feeding of mammalian byproducts to ruminants such as cows and goats. However, the byproducts of ruminants can still be legally fed to pets or other livestock such as pigs and poultry such as chickens. In addition, it is legal for ruminants to be fed byproducts from some of these animals. A proposal to end the use of cow blood, restaurant scraps, and poultry litter (fecal matter, feathers) in January 2004 has yet to be implemented, despite the efforts of some advocates of such a policy, who cite the fact that cows are herbivores, and that blood and fecal matter could potentially carry BSE.

Foot and Mouth Disease
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), sometimes called hoof-and-mouth disease, is a highly contagious and sometimes fatal viral disease of cattle and pigs. It can also infect deer, goats, sheep, and other bovids with cloven hooves, as well as elephants, rats, and hedgehogs. Humans are affected only very rarely.

Foot-and-mouth disease is characterized by high fever that declines rapidly after two or three days; blisters inside the mouth that lead to excessive secretion of stringy or foamy saliva and to drooling; and blisters on the feet that may rupture and cause lameness. Adult animals may suffer weight loss from which they do not recover for several months as well as swelling in the testicles of mature males, and in cows, milk production can decline significantly.

One of the difficulties in vaccinating against FMD is the huge variation between viral strains. There is no cross-protection between strains (meaning that a vaccine for one strain won't protect against any others) and in addition, two strains within a given strain may have nucleotide sequences that differ by as much as 30% for a given gene. This means that FMD vaccines must be highly specific to the strain involved. Vaccination only provides temporary immunity that lasts from months to years.

Rinderpest
Rinderpest (RP) is an infectious viral disease of cattle, domestic buffalo, and some species of wildlife, it is commonly referred to as cattle plague. It is characterized by fever, oral erosions, diarrhea, lymphoid necrosis, and high mortality. In German, Rinderpest means cattle-plague. It can be prevented by vaccination. Effective control of rinderpest has been established and by the end of 2010, the FAO plan to have eradicated it completely.

Blackleg
Blackleg is an infectious bacterial disease of sheep and cattle, caused by Clostridium chauvoei bacteria. It is found all over the world. A symptom of blackleg is characteristic swellings which make a cracking sound under pressure. Blackleg vaccine gives immunity against it. Burning the upper layer of soil to eradicate left-over spores is the best way to stop the spread of blackleg from diseased cattle.

Foot Rot
Foot rot, or infectious pododermatitisis, is a hoof infection that is commonly found in sheep and cattle. As the name suggests, it rots away the foot of the animal, more specifically the area between the two toes of the infected animal. It is extremely painful and contagious. It can be treated with a series of medications but if not treated the whole herd can become infected. The cause of the infection in cattle is two anaerobic bacteria (grow without oxygen), Fusobacterium Necrophorum and Bacteroides Melaninogenicus. Both bacteria are common to the environment in which cattle live and the Fusobacterium is present in the rumen and fecal matter of the cattle themselves. Usually there is an injury to the skin between the hooves that allows the bacteria to infect the animal. Another cause of foot rot may high temperatures or humidity causing the skin between the hooves to crack and let the bacteria infect the foot. This is one of the reasons that foot rot is such a major problem in the summer. Foot rot is easily identifiable by its appearance and foul odor. Treatment is usually with an antibiotic medication, and preventing injury to the feet is the best way to prevent foot rot.

10. Know the meaning of the following terms

 * a. Concentrates:
 * b. Crude protein:
 * c. Cull:
 * d. Dry period:
 * e. Lactating:
 * f. Lactation cycle or period:
 * g. Oxytocin: Oxytocin is a hormone which causes the smooth muscle layer of band-like cells surrounding the alveoli to squeeze the newly-produced milk into the duct system. Oxytocin is necessary for the milk ejection reflex, or let-down to occur.


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Milk a cow

Historically, the milking and the processing took place close together in space and time: on a dairy farm. People milked the animals by hand; on farms where only small numbers are kept, hand-milking may still be practiced. Hand-milking is accomplished by grasping the teats (often pronounced 'tits') in the hand and expressing milk by either squeezing the fingers, progressively, from the udder end to the tip or by squeezing the teat between thumb and index finger then moving the hand downward from udder towards the end of the teat. This is repeated, using both hands for speed. Both methods result in the milk that was trapped in the milk duct being squirted out the end into a bucket that is supported between the knees (or rests on the ground) of the milker, who usually sits on a low stool.

Traditionally the cow, or cows, would stand in the field or paddock while being milked. Young stock, heifers, would have to be trained to remain still to be milked. In many countries the cows were tethered to a post and milked. The problem with this method is that it relies on quiet, tractable beasts, because the hind end of the cow is not restrained. In cold countries where cows are kept in barns, at least for the winter if not throughout the year, they are still tethered only by the neck or head, particularly where they are kept in small numbers.

|


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User talk:ChanYingWai

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Good luck! Mattb112885 (talk) 03:42, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:ChanYingWai


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User talk:ShaneM

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User talk:Roschkr

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Good luck! Mattb112885 (talk) 03:44, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Roschkr


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Relashio

Overview
Relashio is a spell that is used to release an object from another object that is binding it, like chains.

Extended Description
If used underwater, this spell creates a jet of boiling water. Harry used this spell underwater when he is attacked by Grindylows in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire as a part of the Second Task.


text:
User talk:Panther 56

Image copyright problem with Image:Marozi3.jpg
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User talk:Defstut

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User talk:EricD2001

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User talk:KOoba1

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User talk:Jfb4497

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text:
Biblical Studies/New Testament Commentaries/The Gospel of John/Chapter 19

Anonymity in John 19 We have mention of Christ, Mary, Mary wife of Clopas, Mary Magdalene, Pontius Pilate, Nicodemus, and Joseph of Arimathea in John 19. All of these people were, to a lesser or greater degree, supporters and / or followers of Christ. The name-dropping of these supporters is quite rampant in this chapter, but as for those opposed to Christ, we have only the vague titles of "the Jews" and "the chief priests." Caesar is mentioned briefly, but only in an invocation by the chief Jewish priests. Why all this anonymity? I'm not sure of the reason, but I would like to point out that the anonymity is an indicator of political motivations. If the author of John was Gentile and anti-Semitic, it would have been more effective for him/her to name specific Jews to polarize his audience, in addition to the already negative portrayal of the Jews and chief priests. The fact that he/she does not do this suggests one of two things: 1) he/she did not know the names of those priests and officials involved or 2) he / she was less actively anti-Semitic than he / she could have been, which is an encouraging thought. After Jesus' arrest, He appeared in front of multiple Jewish leaders, who eventually passed him off to the Romans because according to Jewish law, they had "no right to execute anyone" (18:31). Pushing the decision on the Romans, the Jews were using the Romans as a means to execute Jesus, while avoiding the penalty of their own law. Even Pilate, a Roman leader, had trouble punishing an innocent man. He looked toward the people and encouraged them to free Jesus on the basis that he found "no basis for a charge against him" (18:38).

Here are the charges:

•	SEDITION

•	TAX EVASION

•	IMPERSONATING A KING

•	IMPERSONATING THE MESSIAH

•	IMPERSONATING GOD

“This man is a wizard, shaman, warlock, and an insurrectionist. He is stirring up the people telling them not to pay taxes to Caesar, and claiming to be the Messiah, the King of the Jews.”

Pilate said he finds "no basis for a charge against" Jesus. As Pilate hears that Jesus is the Son of God, he is "afraid" (19:8), and tries to set him free (v. 12). Yet he shows his true alliance to the government as the Jews bring the Roman law into focus by basically calling Pilate disloyal. The fact of the matter remains, Caesar himself had warned Pilate twice that another rebellion and bloodletting in the Jewish community would result in his punishment (Smith). Pilate therefore had a very interesting decision to make. Does he execute a man that some consider to be a prophet? This in itself may cause a rebellion. Or does he defy the Jewish law and set him free? Caiphus and the Jewish community at large would surely be outraged. Either way, Pilate felt deep concern regarding this decision. This is probably the main reason he wished to debate with the chief priests on the nature of Jesus' punishment. Even at this point, Pilate is still uncomfortable with punishing an innocent man, especially the Son of God (see 19:35), and the text concludes Pilate's fight to free Jesus by saying that he "Finally handed Him over," thus showing that it wasn't a willing choice, but one made through time and pressure.

Women in Jesus' Family and their Presence at the Cross John 19: 25 states, "Meanwhile, standing near the cross of Jesus were his mother, and his mother's sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene." While women are present at the crucifixion in all the other Gospels, all have different lists of which women were present (except for Luke, whose Gospel doesn't contain a list at all). It is quite interesting that the narrator of John had Jesus' mother appear only at the beginning of His ministry and at the end. D. Moody Smith says that her appearance at the crucifixion is similar to "her presence in the upper room, with Jesus' brothers, after the Ascension" in Acts 1:14 (Smith 359). There are examples of Jesus' brothers that became disciples and missionaries after the risen Jesus appeared to them (1 Cor 15:7) and 1 Cor 9:5 are two such examples). Since the Gospel of John doesn't contain an infancy narrative, the readers of John don't see Mary "venerated" or become a disciple of Jesus like she is in both Matthew, Luke, and Acts.  The narrator of John includes Mary's presence at the crucifixion while showing Jesus wanting to provide for his mother: in John 19: 26-27, Jesus presents "the disciple whom he loved" to his mother saying "here is your son" and presents his mother with the disciple saying "here is your mother."  It is possible that narrator of John "knew a tradition that placed the mother of Jesus at the foot of the cross, and this fact occasioned his construction of this narrative in which she is linked most closely to the Beloved Disciple, the model disciple and witness who takes her to his home" (Smith 360).

This strange episode in 26-27 is also significant because it seems to show Jesus circumventing the traditional model of the brothers taking care of the mother after the oldest child's death, but instead Jesus is giving care of his mother over to one of his disciples. Many Catholics point to this passage as evidence that Mary may have in fact stayed a perpetual virgin and did not mother the other children of Joseph. Though it is possible to take such an interpretation of this passage, there are other passages in the New Testament that make it difficult. Others have tried to claim that the mother being referred to in the passage is actually Mary Magdalene and that Jesus is talking to his son whom he fathered with Mary. Obviously this view is a rather dramatic departure from the actual content of the chapter. John clearly identifies her as "Jesus' mother" and later that the beloved disciple took her "into his home" which clearly identifies the disciple as a man. People who hold this view though, would say that John deliberates misrepresents the situation because Jesus' life with Mary was somewhat secret and could not be openly expressed. Both of these views seem to be reading into the text things that are not there, but it is true that all translation of ancient text require some degree of interpretation and it is not possible to rule them out as possibilities.

"It is Finished!" In John 19 Jesus' last words seem to express triumph over defeat. In verse 11 Jesus states: "You would have no authority over Me, unless it had been given you from above; for this reason he who delivered Me up to you has the greater sin."(NAS) Jesus is pointing to Satan as the one who rules the earth and ruled over Pilate. It is important to note, however, that Pilate's actions are not without sin.. Pilate is believed to have come from Scotland, he ruled from 26 to 36 AD. The Jewish Encyclopedia says, “His administration was characterized by corruption, violence, robberies, ill treatment of the people, and continuous executions without even the form of a trial…Pilate looted “funds from the sacred treasury in order to provide for the construction of an aqueduct”…when the citizens protested he sent among the crowds disguised soldiers carrying concealed daggers, who massacred a great number, not only of the rioters, but of casual spectators…Pilate's last deed of cruelty, and the one which brought about his downfall, was the massacre of a number of Samaritans who had assembled on Mount Gerizim to dig for some sacred vessels.” http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=312&letter=P&search=pilate

Jesus mentions that the one who handed him over to Pilate--Caiaphas, not Judas--has the greater sin. This implies that there is certainly a lesser sin, and it has been done by Pilate. This also predicts this overcoming just as the rest of previous chapters in John. However, what is interesting in John is that it has no mention of the veil of the temple being torn after Jesus gives up his spirit. This veil was used to "serve as a partition between the holy place and the holy of holies" mentioned in Exodus 26:33.It was used in Jerusalem and was the center of religious Jewish life where animal sacrifices and worship were performed in order to make anointment for people's sins. In all the synoptic gospels this account was mentioned as well as an earthquake in Matthew. This tearing of the veil was a historic catastrophe to the people at this time, so why did the author of John leave this significant event out? One belief is that the author left this piece of evidence out to emphasize the next verses. In John 19: 31-37 the Jews are said to break the bones of the other men who were crucified, but not Jesus' because He was already dead. (v.31-33) Then in verse 34, Jesus is pierced in the side with a spear and blood and water came out. Many believe the blood is a symbolism of sacrifice and the water is of purification. With that said, in verse 35 it states: "And he who has seen has borne witness, and his witness is true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also may believe." (NAS)This seems to be a reoccurring theme in John, for the author to educate and almost "evangelize" his readers. Then, we have again another theme in John that Jesus was not a sacrifice but a ransom and the ransom was paid to Satan. Jesus saved us from the land of Death by presenting himself alive as a sinless man. Satan was smugly confident that he could make Jesus sin by nailing him to a cross and blaming it on the Father making Yah into just another blood thirsty pagan God. This was the last temptation. Jesus could have called down 70,000 angels, but by refusing he went to the point of death without sinning and died a sinless man. Satan had the right to kill every sinner, but he did not have the right to kill a sinless man and when he did he fell under the curse of God. His throne was toppled. Chapter 19:31-42:

Jesus' body bears witness to his identity and his fulfillment. When the soldiers find Jesus dead one of them stabs him to be sure he is dead, and out comes a sudden flow of blood and water (v. 34). There is some uncertainty as to where the water and blood came out. Did it flow from beneath His skin or from a deeper source? It is the fact of death, not the cause of death that the author was more concerned about. The significance of this flow is that Jesus is the Passover sacrifice. Furthermore, Jesus used both blood and water as significant symbols in his teaching, and this gives us guidance for their significance. Water symbolizes purification, the Spirit, and salvation. Blood symbolizes Jesus' death, which brings life to the world (6:53-56). From these relations it would seem that in this flow of blood and water "John saw a symbol of the fact that from the Crucified there proceed those living streams by which men are quickened and the church lives" (Dodd 1953:428)

Another important part in these last verses is the fact that none of the soldiers did break his bones coincidently just as scripture had earlier prescribed it to be: " Break none of his bones". Now, the fact being that they knew they were fulfilling scripture or not is a whole other matter, but is unlikely since it said that they only did not break his legs since he was already dead. Still, the fact that things like this happen and fulfill scripture is interesting. Also, the fact that Nicodemus, the one who had originally come in the dark because he did not believe, came back at the end to show his respects to Jesus is a sign of coming full circle in John. It is also a character that is specific to this gospel as well.

These chapters are essential in the Gospel of John because of the death of Jesus which is the central theological theme of this Gospel has been misunderstood by the writers of the other new Testament books who mistake Jesus for the goat of the atonement or the bull. It is important to note that the death is expressed much different than the rest of the New Testament. Most noteworthy is the lack of elaborate account of Jesus' trial before Jewish authorities.

At Their Second Meeting, Pilate Angers the Rogues by saying He Plans  to Release Yahshuah

When the rogues met the second time with Pilate, Pilate said, “First you brought this man accusing him of trying to overthrow your nation and Caesar. I examined him and found him to be harmless, and I told you it is no crime for a fool to claim to be a king. Then you took him to Antipas, who as near as I can tell, did not find any crimes in him either, but sent him back dressed as a king, to show that he too thinks he is a harmless fool. Under Roman law, being a fool is not a crime. Therefore, here is what I will do. I will have him scourged, and since it is the Passover feast, when I usually release a prisoner, I will release him.” The rogues all cried out at once. “No, execute this Yahshuah and release to us the other Yahshuah, the son of Abba, (Barabbas). Barabbas was a robber and an Israeli extreme patriot who had been arrested for murder and causing a riot in Jerusalem. Pilate said, “But this Yahshuah of the Galil has committed no crime.” They cried, “Impale him. Impale him!” He has blasphemed against our nation claiming he is the son of Adonai.”


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