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Madame Bovary/Chapter One

Chapter One

We were in class when the head-master came in, followed by a "new fellow," not wearing the school uniform, and a school servant carrying a large desk. Those who had been asleep woke up, and every one rose as if just surprised at his work.

The head-master motioned us to sit down. Then, turning to the class-master, he said to him in a low voice—

"Monsieur Roger, here is a pupil whom I recommend to your care; he'll be in the second. If his work and conduct are satisfactory, he will go into one of the upper classes, as becomes his age."

The "new fellow," standing in the corner behind the door so that he could hardly be seen, was a country lad of about fifteen, and taller than any of us. His hair was cut square on his forehead like a village chorister's; he looked reliable, but very ill at ease. Although he was not broad-shouldered, his short school jacket of green cloth with black buttons must have been tight about the arm-holes, and showed at the opening of the cuffs red wrists accustomed to being bare. His legs, in blue stockings, looked out from beneath yellow trousers, drawn tight by braces, He wore stout, ill-cleaned, hob-nailed boots.

We began repeating the lesson. He listened with all his ears, as attentive as if at a sermon, not daring even to cross his legs or lean on his elbow; and when at two o'clock the bell rang, the master was obliged to tell him to fall into line with the rest of us.

When we came back to work, we were in the habit of throwing our caps on the ground so as to have our hands more free; we used from the door to toss them under the form, so that they hit against the wall and made a lot of dust: it was "the thing."

But, whether he had not noticed the trick, or did not dare to attempt it, the "new fellow," was still holding his cap on his knees even after prayers were over. It was one of those head-gears of composite order, in which we can find traces of the bearskin, shako, billycock hat, sealskin cap, and cotton night-cap; one of those poor things, in fine, whose dumb ugliness has depths of expression, like an imbecile's face. Oval, stiffened with whalebone, it began with three round knobs; then came in succession lozenges of velvet and rabbit-skin separated by a red band; after that a sort of bag that ended in a cardboard polygon covered with complicated braiding, from which hung, at the end of a long thin cord, small twisted gold threads in the manner of a tassel. The cap was new; its peak shone.

"Rise," said the master.

He stood up; his cap fell. The whole class began to laugh. He stooped to pick it up. A neighbor knocked it down again with his elbow; he picked it up once more.

"Get rid of your helmet," said the master, who was a bit of a wag.

There was a burst of laughter from the boys, which so thoroughly put the poor lad out of countenance that he did not know whether to keep his cap in his hand, leave it on the ground, or put it on his head. He sat down again and placed it on his knee.

"Rise," repeated the master, "and tell me your name."

The new boy articulated in a stammering voice an unintelligible name.

"Again!"

The same sputtering of syllables was heard, drowned by the tittering of the class.

"Louder!" cried the master; "louder!"

The "new fellow" then took a supreme resolution, opened an inordinately large mouth, and shouted at the top of his voice as if calling someone in the word "Charbovari."

A hubbub broke out, rose in crescendo with bursts of shrill voices (they yelled, barked, stamped, repeated "Charbovari! Charbovari"), then died away into single notes, growing quieter only with great difficulty, and now and again suddenly recommencing along the line of a form whence rose here and there, like a damp cracker going off, a stifled laugh.

However, amid a rain of impositions, order was gradually re-established in the class; and the master having succeeded in catching the name of "Charles Bovary," having had it dictated to him, spelt out, and re-read, at once ordered the poor devil to go and sit down on the punishment form at the foot of the master's desk. He got up, but before going hesitated.

"What are you looking for?" asked the master.

"My c-a-p," timidly said the "new fellow," casting troubled looks round him.

"Five hundred lines for all the class!" shouted in a furious voice stopped, like the Quos ego*, a fresh outburst. "Silence!" continued the master indignantly, wiping his brow with his handkerchief, which he had just taken from his cap. "As to you, 'new boy,' you will conjugate 'ridiculus sum'** twenty times."

Then, in a gentler tone, "Come, you'll find your cap again; it hasn't been stolen."

Quiet was restored. Heads bent over desks, and the "new fellow" remained for two hours in an exemplary attitude, although from time to time some paper pellet flipped from the tip of a pen came bang in his face. But he wiped his face with one hand and continued motionless, his eyes lowered.

In the evening, at preparation, he pulled out his pens from his desk, arranged his small belongings, and carefully ruled his paper. We saw him working conscientiously, looking up every word in the dictionary, and taking the greatest pains. Thanks, no doubt, to the willingness he showed, he had not to go down to the class below. But though he knew his rules passably, he had little finish in composition. It was the cure of his village who had taught him his first Latin; his parents, from motives of economy, having sent him to school as late as possible.

His father, Monsieur Charles Denis Bartolome Bovary, retired assistant-surgeon-major, compromised about 1812 in certain conscription scandals, and forced at this time to leave the service, had taken advantage of his fine figure to get hold of a dowry of sixty thousand francs that offered in the person of a hosier's daughter who had fallen in love with his good looks. A fine man, a great talker, making his spurs ring as he walked, wearing whiskers that ran into his moustache, his fingers always garnished with rings and dressed in loud colours, he had the dash of a military man with the easy go of a commercial traveller.

Once married, he lived for three or four years on his wife's fortune, dining well, rising late, smoking long porcelain pipes, not coming in at night till after the theatre, and haunting cafes. The father-in-law died, leaving little; he was indignant at this, "went in for the business," lost some money in it, then retired to the country, where he thought he would make money.

But, as he knew no more about farming than calico, as he rode his horses instead of sending them to plough, drank his cider in bottle instead of selling it in cask, ate the finest poultry in his farmyard, and greased his hunting-boots with the fat of his pigs, he was not long in finding out that he would do better to give up all speculation.

For two hundred francs a year he managed to live on the border of the provinces of Caux and Picardy, in a kind of place half farm, half private house; and here, soured, eaten up with regrets, cursing his luck, jealous of everyone, he shut himself up at the age of forty-five, sick of men, he said, and determined to live at peace.

His wife had adored him once on a time; she had bored him with a thousand servilities that had only estranged him the more. Lively once, expansive and affectionate, in growing older she had become (after the fashion of wine that, exposed to air, turns to vinegar) ill-tempered, grumbling, irritable. She had suffered so much without complaint at first, until she had seem him going after all the village drabs, and until a score of bad houses sent him back to her at night, weary, stinking drunk. Then her pride revolted. After that she was silent, burying her anger in a dumb stoicism that she maintained till her death. She was constantly going about looking after business matters. She called on the lawyers, the president, remembered when bills fell due, got them renewed, and at home ironed, sewed, washed, looked after the workmen, paid the accounts, while he, troubling himself about nothing, eternally besotted in sleepy sulkiness, whence he only roused himself to say disagreeable things to her, sat smoking by the fire and spitting into the cinders.

When she had a child, it had to be sent out to nurse. When he came home, the lad was spoilt as if he were a prince. His mother stuffed him with jam; his father let him run about barefoot, and, playing the philosopher, even said he might as well go about quite naked like the young of animals. As opposed to the maternal ideas, he had a certain virile idea of childhood on which he sought to mould his son, wishing him to be brought up hardily, like a Spartan, to give him a strong constitution. He sent him to bed without any fire, taught him to drink off large draughts of rum and to jeer at religious processions. But, peaceable by nature, the lad answered only poorly to his notions. His mother always kept him near her; she cut out cardboard for him, told him tales, entertained him with endless monologues full of melancholy gaiety and charming nonsense. In her life's isolation she centered on the child's head all her shattered, broken little vanities. She dreamed of high station; she already saw him, tall, handsome, clever, settled as an engineer or in the law. She taught him to read, and even, on an old piano, she had taught him two or three little songs. But to all this Monsieur Bovary, caring little for letters, said, "It was not worth while. Would they ever have the means to send him to a public school, to buy him a practice, or start him in business? Besides, with cheek a man always gets on in the world." Madame Bovary bit her lips, and the child knocked about the village.

He went after the labourers, drove away with clods of earth the ravens that were flying about. He ate blackberries along the hedges, minded the geese with a long switch, went haymaking during harvest, ran about in the woods, played hop-scotch under the church porch on rainy days, and at great fetes begged the beadle to let him toll the bells, that he might hang all his weight on the long rope and feel himself borne upward by it in its swing. Meanwhile, he grew like an oak; he was strong on hand, fresh of colour.

When he was twelve years old his mother had her own way; he began lessons. The cure took him in hand; but the lessons were so short and irregular that they could not be of much use. They were given at spare moments in the sacristy, standing up, hurriedly, between a baptism and a burial; or else the cure, if he had not to go out, sent for his pupil after the Angelus*. They went up to his room and settled down; the flies and moths fluttered round the candle. It was close, the child fell asleep, and the good man, beginning to doze with his hands on his stomach, was soon snoring with his mouth wide open. On other occasions, when Monsieur le Cure, on his way back after administering the viaticum to some sick person in the neighbourhood, caught sight of Charles playing about the fields, he called him, lectured him for a quarter of an hour and took advantage of the occasion to make him conjugate his verb at the foot of a tree. The rain interrupted them or an acquaintance passed. All the same he was always pleased with him, and even said the "young man" had a very good memory.

*A devotion said at morning, noon, and evening, at the sound of a bell. Here, the evening prayer.

Charles could not go on like this. Madame Bovary took strong steps. Ashamed, or rather tired out, Monsieur Bovary gave in without a struggle, and they waited one year longer, so that the lad should take his first communion.

Six months more passed, and the year after Charles was finally sent to school at Rouen, where his father took him towards the end of October, at the time of the St. Romain fair.

It would now be impossible for any of us to remember anything about him. He was a youth of even temperament, who played in playtime, worked in school-hours, was attentive in class, slept well in the dormitory, and ate well in the refectory. He had in loco parentis* a wholesale ironmonger in the Rue Ganterie, who took him out once a month on Sundays after his shop was shut, sent him for a walk on the quay to look at the boats, and then brought him back to college at seven o'clock before supper. Every Thursday evening he wrote a long letter to his mother with red ink and three wafers; then he went over his history note-books, or read an old volume of "Anarchasis" that was knocking about the study. When he went for walks he talked to the servant, who, like himself, came from the country.

*In place of a parent.

By dint of hard work he kept always about the middle of the class; once even he got a certificate in natural history. But at the end of his third year his parents withdrew him from the school to make him study medicine, convinced that he could even take his degree by himself.

His mother chose a room for him on the fourth floor of a dyer's she knew, overlooking the Eau-de-Robec. She made arrangements for his board, got him furniture, table and two chairs, sent home for an old cherry-tree bedstead, and bought besides a small cast-iron stove with the supply of wood that was to warm the poor child.

Then at the end of a week she departed, after a thousand injunctions to be good now that he was going to be left to himself.

The syllabus that he read on the notice-board stunned him; lectures on anatomy, lectures on pathology, lectures on physiology, lectures on pharmacy, lectures on botany and clinical medicine, and therapeutics, without counting hygiene and materia medica—all names of whose etymologies he was ignorant, and that were to him as so many doors to sanctuaries filled with magnificent darkness.

He understood nothing of it all; it was all very well to listen—he did not follow. Still he worked; he had bound note-books, he attended all the courses, never missed a single lecture. He did his little daily task like a mill-horse, who goes round and round with his eyes bandaged, not knowing what work he is doing.

To spare him expense his mother sent him every week by the carrier a piece of veal baked in the oven, with which he lunched when he came back from the hospital, while he sat kicking his feet against the wall. After this he had to run off to lectures, to the operation-room, to the hospital, and return to his home at the other end of the town. In the evening, after the poor dinner of his landlord, he went back to his room and set to work again in his wet clothes, which smoked as he sat in front of the hot stove.

On the fine summer evenings, at the time when the close streets are empty, when the servants are playing shuttle-cock at the doors, he opened his window and leaned out. The river, that makes of this quarter of Rouen a wretched little Venice, flowed beneath him, between the bridges and the railings, yellow, violet, or blue. Working men, kneeling on the banks, washed their bare arms in the water. On poles projecting from the attics, skeins of cotton were drying in the air. Opposite, beyond the roots spread the pure heaven with the red sun setting. How pleasant it must be at home! How fresh under the beech-tree! And he expanded his nostrils to breathe in the sweet odours of the country which did not reach him.

He grew thin, his figure became taller, his face took a saddened look that made it nearly interesting. Naturally, through indifference, he abandoned all the resolutions he had made. Once he missed a lecture; the next day all the lectures; and, enjoying his idleness, little by little, he gave up work altogether. He got into the habit of going to the public-house, and had a passion for dominoes. To shut himself up every evening in the dirty public room, to push about on marble tables the small sheep bones with black dots, seemed to him a fine proof of his freedom, which raised him in his own esteem. It was beginning to see life, the sweetness of stolen pleasures; and when he entered, he put his hand on the door-handle with a joy almost sensual. Then many things hidden within him came out; he learnt couplets by heart and sang them to his boon companions, became enthusiastic about Beranger, learnt how to make punch, and, finally, how to make love.

Thanks to these preparatory labours, he failed completely in his examination for an ordinary degree. He was expected home the same night to celebrate his success. He started on foot, stopped at the beginning of the village, sent for his mother, and told her all. She excused him, threw the blame of his failure on the injustice of the examiners, encouraged him a little, and took upon herself to set matters straight. It was only five years later that Monsieur Bovary knew the truth; it was old then, and he accepted it. Moreover, he could not believe that a man born of him could be a fool.

So Charles set to work again and crammed for his examination, ceaselessly learning all the old questions by heart. He passed pretty well. What a happy day for his mother! They gave a grand dinner.

Where should he go to practice? To Tostes, where there was only one old doctor. For a long time Madame Bovary had been on the look-out for his death, and the old fellow had barely been packed off when Charles was installed, opposite his place, as his successor.

But it was not everything to have brought up a son, to have had him taught medicine, and discovered Tostes, where he could practice it; he must have a wife. She found him one—the widow of a bailiff at Dieppe—who was forty-five and had an income of twelve hundred francs. Though she was ugly, as dry as a bone, her face with as many pimples as the spring has buds, Madame Dubuc had no lack of suitors. To attain her ends Madame Bovary had to oust them all, and she even succeeded in very cleverly baffling the intrigues of a port-butcher backed up by the priests.

Charles had seen in marriage the advent of an easier life, thinking he would be more free to do as he liked with himself and his money. But his wife was master; he had to say this and not say that in company, to fast every Friday, dress as she liked, harass at her bidding those patients who did not pay. She opened his letter, watched his comings and goings, and listened at the partition-wall when women came to consult him in his surgery.

She must have her chocolate every morning, attentions without end. She constantly complained of her nerves, her chest, her liver. The noise of footsteps made her ill; when people left her, solitude became odious to her; if they came back, it was doubtless to see her die. When Charles returned in the evening, she stretched forth two long thin arms from beneath the sheets, put them round his neck, and having made him sit down on the edge of the bed, began to talk to him of her troubles: he was neglecting her, he loved another. She had been warned she would be unhappy; and she ended by asking him for a dose of medicine and a little more love.

title: Madame Bovary/Chapter One


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Talk:Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists/Introduction to Partial Differential Equations

Why not introduce with simple mathmatical notions: ODE's reverse ordinary differential operators, PDE's reverse partial differential operators? Fephisto 11:07, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

I'm not entirely sure what you mean by that. I have seen concepts of operators but they're rarely taught, and only for linear equations.

Ben pcc 17:20, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

To put it bluntly, this article is wrong. It confuses the distinction between PDEs and ODEs with some very specific usage of them. Whether the variables themselves are actually discrete or not in the real world, they are modelled as continuous before ANY derivative is taken (whether partial or not). When the dynamics of real world phenomena are simulated on a computer, they are made to be discrete in various ways no matter whether they are based on PDE theory or ODE theory. ODEs have no such connection to discrete entities and the real world media need not be continuous for it to have variables that can be described by a PDE.

One way in which ODEs and PDEs DO differ is that ODEs only have one independent variable and PDEs have many. You use PDEs to effectively turn multivariate systems into multiple ODEs each of which treats all variables, except one, as constant. 86.5.179.220 (discuss) 20:17, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Scienceshow/Physics

Physics demonstration experiments and hands-on activities

Numbers used in headings are the numbers used in various databases for indexing the subjects.

Please add new guides to the main Guide index so they don't end up as stubs on this page.

=Mechanics=

Linear Momentum & Collisions (1N)

 * Amorphous Metal balls bouncing.

Properties of Matter (1R)
=Fluid Mechanics=

Surface Tension 2A
the ratio of total force acting on the surface of water to the area.
 * Capillary Pressure in small tubes

Dynamics of Fluids 2C
=Oscillations & Waves=

Standing waves

 * Flame Tube
 * Coffee Cup and its two tones

Sound Reproduction 3E
=Thermodynamics=

Heat and the First Law 4B

 * Gravesande Ring

Pressure

 * Vacuum Cannon

Entropy and the Second Law 4F
=Electricity & Magnetism=

High Voltage generators

 * Van de Graaff Generator
 * Wimshurst Generator
 * Lifter
 * Anti-static Gun

Capacitance 5C

 * Leiden Jar

Resistance 5D

 * Human Electric Wire
 * Pickle Lamp

Magnetic Material 5G

 * Curie Temperature

Ferrofluids

 * ../Guides/Ferrofluid/

Magnetic Fields and Forces 5H

 * /Gauss Cannon

Eddy currents

 * ../guides/Spinning Disk with Magnet/Spinning Disk with Magnet
 * ../Guides/Magnetic Induction in a Tube/Magnetic Induction in a Tube

Electromagnetic Radiation (5N)
=Optics=
 * Absorption, Transmission and Reflection of Light and Heat

The Eye (6J)
Eyes make us capable of glancing this beautiful world.

Modern Optics (6Q)
=Modern Physics=

Relativity (7F)
=Astronomy=

Cosmology (8C)
=Equipment=

Mechanical (9C)
=Resources on the net=
 * High School Teachers at CERN
 * Pendulum

title: Scienceshow/Physics


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Talk:Advanced Mathematics for Engineers and Scientists/Parallel Plate Flow: Easy IC

Negative Constant
It isn't /completely/ arbitrary, because one needs to rule out that they might equal a positive constant or zero, leaving only the negative constant case shown in this module. Well, it /can/ be a positive or zero constant; but this leaves you with the trivial solution. Fephisto 11:29, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

In context, how the constant is described is arbitrary. -k2 will work, so will k or k2 or k-300. Leaving out the negative sign would lead to complex numbers which nobody seams to like.

Ben pcc 04:42, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

I'm talking about clarifying the k>0 for your -k^2 used, and the reason behind this without losing generality.

You want to avoid getting the trivial solutions:

 * u_t=u_xx
 * u(0,t) = 0
 * u(1,t) = 0
 * T'/T=(d^2X/dx^2)/X=A^2 (say A>0)
 * (d^2X/dx^2)-AX = 0 -> X=0, thus we don't assume the constant is positive because we aren't looking for the trivial solution
 * (d^2X/dx^2)/X=-A^2 -> X!=0 which is a non-trivial solution, which is what we're looking for. Fephisto 10:51, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

"If we took A = 0, the solution would have just been u(y, t) = 0, which would satisfy the BCs and the PDE but couldn't possibly satisfy the IC. So, we take k = nπ instead, where n is any integer. So far: [...]"

In this first example you don't construct series, you determine that A is not zero and so k = nπ. n is later identified. No trivial solution; the IC picks n.

Ben pcc 17:22, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

You're right, in this case the IC takes care of it. I took my PDE class with a bunch of engineers, so it was rather cookbookish: check that the sln. with k>0, k<0, k=0. Fephisto 03:16, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Sides are Constant Proof
Fephisto, I'm afraid I removed your proof because it was wrong. Look:

 * $$\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \left(\frac{T'(t)}{\nu T(t)}\right) = \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \left(\frac{Y''(y)}{Y(y)}\right)\,$$

 * $$\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \left(\frac{T'(t)}{\nu T(t)}\right) = 0\,$$

 * $$\frac{T'(t)}{\nu T(t)} = f(y)\,$$

The integration performed with respect to t produces a constant with respect to t, in other words a function of y.

Thanks for the many fixes. I always thought it was spelled "independant". I'll be careful not to use "unkown" also.

Ben pcc 00:51, 7 January 2007 (UTC)

Spelling is pretty minor, don't worry about it.

Huh, I'm kind of skeptical of this whole thing now, because the above proof I gave you is the /exact/ proof my old textbook gave me (I had, in fact, copied it directly from there). And, no offense, I trust the textbook more than you. Let me sit back and think about it for a bit. Fephisto 02:58, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * $$\frac{\partial}{\partial t} \left(\frac{T'(t)}{\nu T(t)}\right) = \frac{d}{dt} \left(\frac{T'(t)}{\nu T(t)}\right),$$

Since we have defined T as a function solely of t, correct? From that step the rest follows. Fephisto 03:02, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

Ahhh, ok, I see. You take a partial derivative which later becomes a ordinary derivative (but couldn't take total to begin with). I'll notate it right now. I did always kind of feel unsatisfied saying "the sides are obviously equal to a constant".

Ben pcc 18:13, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Can't the proof be simplified to just taking $$\frac{d}{dt}$$ of both sides to begin with, instead of partialing and then reducing to a $$\frac{d}{dt}$$? I think this simplifies the proof a bit, so I'll go ahead and change that now. Fephisto 20:39, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

I'm not sure if it's correct. t and y are related via u, so taking a total derivative would require application of the chain rule, wouldn't it?

Or maybe not, since they're both independant variables. Not sure. Oh well.

Ben pcc 19:14, 4 February 2007 (UTC)


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PHP Programming/PHP Data Objects

PHP Data Objects, also known as PDO, is an interface for accessing databases in PHP without tying code to a specific database. Rather than directly calling mysql_, mysqli_, and pg_ functions, developers can use the PDO interface, simplifying the porting of applications to other databases.

How do I get it?
The PHP Data Objects extension is currently included by default with installations of PHP 5.1. It is available for users of PHP 5.0 through PECL, but does not ship with the base package.

PDO uses features of PHP that were originally introduced in PHP 5.0. It is therefore not available for users of PHP 4.x and below.

Differences between PDO and the MySQL extension
PHP Data Objects has a number of significant differences to the MySQL interface used by most PHP applications on PHP 4.x and below:

 * Object-orientation. While the mysql extension used a number of function calls that operated on a connection handle and result handles, the PDO extension has an object-oriented interface.
 * Database independence. The PDO extension, unlike the mysql extension, is designed to be compatible with multiple databases with little effort on the part of the user, provided standard SQL is used in all queries.
 * Connections to the database are made with a Data Source Name, or DSN. A DSN is a string that contains all of the information necessary to connect to a database, such as 'mysql:dbname=test_db'.

PHP Data Objects usage example
For more information on data source names and the elements in a DSN string for a specific PDO driver (such as MySQL and PostgreSQL), see PHP: PDO Drivers - Manual

title: PHP Programming/PHP Data Objects


text:
Talk:Principles of Economics

Dear Contributing Author
''Welcome! I'll get right to business, this text is designed to be a comprehensive and easy-to-read text on economics for the beginner. That's not to say that this text is watered-down or dumbed-down in any way. The goal is to create a rich text that is approachable for individuals with NO economic background. In other words, this text should be the ideal for introducing students to economics and possess enough material to validate it as a strongly comprehensive representation of economic knowledge. But, we want to keep it basic. This means:''

 * assume no previous economics knowledge
 * assume no extensive mathematical background
 * i.e. explain thoroughly math tools and concepts(see the note on math below)

''That's really it for the serious stuff regarding this text. If you have questions please ask other contributors; otherwise read on for more information about how I think we ought to organize this text.''

Thank you!

- Yunzhong Hou - Main Author and Illustrator

- Endless melee - Initial Author

Comprehensive
Principles of Economics is designed to be a very competitive text on economic theory. That is, a text designed to compete with expensive economics textbooks widely used in universities for introductory or lower-division economics courses. But the scope of Basic Economics will hopefully extend beyond that of those texts and become the best text available as an introduction to economics.

In order to achieve this effect, Principles of Economics must be very comprehensive. It should include all but the most specific and more difficult of economic facets and detail them on a basic level. The idea is to introduce the concepts in such a way that the student/reader can choose to pursue further study on the material presented in other, more advanced texts, or if they do not choose to do so, they will still walk away with an improved and useful understanding of that material.

Bottome Line: introduce economic material. Introduce A LOT of economic material. Make it simple and useful. Period.

Mathematics
Because Principles of Economics is an introductory text to the field, we are going to assume a multitude of readers, some with heavy mathematical backgrounds and some without. The way we ought to handle this dilemma by introducing concepts initially on a basic and math-friendly level and then gradually explaining them in greater detail and with more complex math models later on so that novice economists and expert economists can both take something away from Principles of Economics. I also think Principles of Economics ought to possess a dedicated math appendix that will cover the most basic algebra concepts on through calculus and (hopefully) linear algebra as applied to economic models, especially those presented in the text. Also, we are free to assume that the reader is highly proficient in elementary math, graphical mathematics and the Cartesian coordinate system.

It wouldn't be out of the question, however, to include in the dedicated math appendix some refreshers on graphing along with the algebra. Furthermore, some basic calculus could be explained in an advanced section of the math appendix, but this should only be included when the time comes that it is essential to include it.

Bottom Line: Math is the economist's friend. So let's make sure that we can provide mathematical applications that will enlighten both the math-prone and the math-averse.

Making Contributions
One aspect that Wikibooks can allow for over other wikis is the ability to rephrase things in different ways so as to enhance the reader's understanding. Basically I think it's a good idea to add onto topics if you think you can phrase it in a way that will compliment the current material. I really don't think chopping up and revising a topic until it fits nicely into a three-sentence synopsis that explicitly defines the subject in a manner that only makes sense to those already familiar with the concept does much of anything but embellish the pride of the savvy and alientate the curious students without any knowledge of the subject. That is to say:
 * If you think a concept is discussed on too-basic a level, add a section (preferably near the bottom) for more advanced students
 * If you think a concept is discussed on too-advanced a level, add a section (preferably near the top) for more novice students

Study Materials
Principles of Economics should be no different than its non-gratis counterparts in that it should contain helpful study materials like:
 * end of chapter summary
 * practice questions
 * practice tests
 * real-world examples and applications
 * chapter objectives
 * key terms
 * quality diagrams

It would also be great to have some solid real-world data, but this can be time-consuming to gather and organize so is not as expected as the other tools, but it is however equally, if not more, desired. As long as we have some tools for the student and they are, above all things, consistent from chapter to chapter, then Principles of Economics ought to have a worthwhile chance contending in the market for introductory economics textbooks.

Bottom Line: while the study enhancement materials are second to the actual content, they are an important component and should be utilized uniformly.

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Remove template?
Should we remove the template from the modules of this book? I assume we should, and that no one has taken the time. Is there a good reason we are using it here? Thanks, --Jcarroll (talk) 04:25, 23 December 2008 (UTC)

Orphaned page
Principles of Economics/Quota is not linked to by this book. Please link to it, merge it and mark it with, or mark it for deletion with. -- Adrignola talk contribs 15:59, 7 August 2009 (UTC)

Chapter structure
Will this book have a traditional 'section/chapter' structure? Right now most of the content seems loosely organized under 'models', not as a progressive developmental text book. Would the primary maintainer welcome reorganization? Jcress410 (discuss • contribs) 01:42, 6 April 2011 (UTC)

how could we get an compiled doc or pdf version of the book?

Chapter Texts
It's best when it's chaptered, I think...

We Need a Unit/Chapter Organization System
Although I don't always agree with the consensus on tradition before change, I felt a traditional chapter/unit categorization system will work best for this book. Right now, I noticed that the section on Production Possibility Frontier is an extension of the Specialization and Gains from Trade page rather than what comes before. As a result, I found myself having to explain the PPF to the reader when it should have been explained before that page. Can the organizer, please, use a unit/chapter system instead of this?

Musical Inquisit (discuss • contribs) 09:01, 12 July 2019 (UTC)

Economics
Theory of demand and supply 197.250.197.243 (discuss) 11:40, 8 August 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Principles of Economics


text:
User talk:86.17.115.119

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 13:24, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:86.17.115.119


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AQA A-Level Physics/Particles and Anti-particles

The idea of mass and energy
Einstein's most famous equation is $$E = mc^2$$. Although this equation is quite well known, not many people really understand what it means. To truly understand the significance of Einstein's work, we have to understand a few things about the history of Physics.

Before Einstein wrote down his equation, our understanding of the world was based mainly on ideas from the theories of motion and gravitation that were written down by Sir Isaac Newton. These ideas, along with theories on heat and light that were worked out in 19th century, make up what we call Classical Physics.

Newton's theory was a powerful tool for making predictions about the positions of the planets and the trajectories of cannon balls. In Newton's theory the motion of objects could be measured with reference to a universal reference frame that was the same for everyone, irrespective of their relative motion. Also, time was assumed to pass at the same rate for everyone everywhere. In addition to this, energy was thought of as something that was passed from one object to another but the mass of any particular object had nothing to do with its motion or how much energy it had.

In Einstein's theory the mass of an object is intimately connected with its energy. In fact, mass and energy turn out to be different ways of looking at the same thing. In Einstein's universe mass can change into energy and energy can change into mass. Just how much energy we can get from a certain amount of mass is given by Einstein's famous formula $$E=mc^2$$.

The Play Dough Idea
Imagine that something like a car, is made of play dough. Now, when you have play dough you can rip bits off and make other things out of it. Now, imagine that when the play dough is made into something, it goes hard and you have a solid object, but when it's soft, it's easy to model into other things. That's kind of like how energy works when you're talking about particles.

Basically, energy and mass are interchangeable, and anything that has mass has an energy amount, which is larger, associated with that mass. This broke free of the Newtonian ideas, as he said objects at rest have no energy associated with them.

Particles
Now, you may be thinking about why particles are so important. Who cares if something super-small exists and does x, y and z ? Well, lots of people—and you too will find it important because it describes something which is interesting because it's happening millions of times around you in a split second!

Now, if you remember the original things were the proton, the neutron and the electron, which are what the majority of all atoms (except anti-hydrogen) are made out of. Now, you think of these being the only particles there are, but, unfortunately, there's lots of other kinds of particles which are smaller and do all kinds of crazy things! In this bit, we've got a lot to go into, but it's all very easy stuff, and if you remember one key rule, you'll be fine.

 * These concepts were created by humans, and are understood by them.

Anti-particles
These lovely things sound like they're straight out of Star Trek, but they're nowhere near as complicated when you think about it. They're basically the reverse image of the normal particle, and have similar properties and have a similar structure, but they're the mirror image.

Have you ever heard in maths where if you do +1 and add it with -1? Well, that's how it happens with particles and antiparticles. Now.. are you ready to get into the nitty-gritty of the particles? It's not hard, i promise you.


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User talk:Npettiaux

Hello Npettiaux, welcome to wikibooks!

I got your message about the matlab book, and to be honest, I am completely unconvinced that the name should be changed. Expense is hardly justification against the use of matlab, and the fact that octave is free does not necessarily make it a better value. The two programs, while they share the same core language, are very different, and matlab has a large number of features, plug-ins, addons, and toolboxes that octave simply can't match. A book dedicated to "Matlab and Octave", would likely contain a small shared section about the language itself, and very large sections about the other features of matlab that don't pertain to octave.

I would far prefer the creation of a separate "Octave Programming" book to a renaming of the matlab book to "Matlab and Octave Programming". If you would like to create such a new book, I would certainly like to help. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 14:09, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Programming/LearnByExample
Please see Votes_for_deletion for some ideas about how the book might be improved. Basically they seem to want more 'commentary' or that good parts of the book are copied to other more suitable books that already exist. As the decision by the community was 'delete' any changes would need to be made soon otherwise an Administrator may decide to delete the book as per the discussion. Xania talk 14:29, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * The above book will be deleted in the next few days unless something is done to improve it. Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 11:44, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

Octave Template
I'm going to throw together a quick template for use with octave differences. I'll create the template here: Template:MATLAB/Octave. you can insert this template into the book by typing:

Where " " will be an optional explanation that you can add for clarity. Give me about 5 minutes to put it together, and check it out. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 15:39, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Npettiaux


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AQA A-Level Physics/Particles and Anti-particles/Constituents of the particle

You may have learnt that matter is made up out of three types of particles; protons and neutrons in the nucleus and electrons orbiting around outside. You might think that these particles are the basic building blocks for all matter. While it is true that the electrons cannot be broken down into any smaller particles, it is possible to smash up protons and neutrons into smaller bits. For this reason we say that the electron is a fundamental particle and that protons and neutrons are not fundamental.

The electron belongs to the family of fundamental particles called Leptons. These small particles typically have very small masses. The proton and the neutron belong to a family of heavier particles called Baryons.

What makes up the proton and the neutron?
Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller, fundamental particles known as quarks. Just like all of the other baryons, protons and neutrons consist of three quarks. The three quarks add together to make the baryon, so in the case of a neutron we require the charges on the quarks to cancel out. In the case of the proton the charges must add up to give e.

To keep things simple in Particle Physics, we can call the proton charge +1 and give each quark a fractional charge as shown in the table below.

Explaining the properties of quarks
The first thing you'll be unfamiliar with is the term Baryon Number.This is a term that's basically either as "yes" or "no", and it's called boolean, so yes is +1 and no is 0. If there's an anti-particle, the number will be -1.

Anti-particles exist, and so do anti-quarks! They're represented with what's known as a bar, which is drawn above the shorthand name, so for instance, we have $$\bar{u}$$ for a u-bar, an anti-up-quark! So, let's look at how a proton is made of quarks! Look:

An example of calculating quarks
A proton, is made up of 3 quarks, and so is a neutron, because it's a pretty big particle in comparison to others. So, we remember from before that a proton is a baryon, and it must therefore have a baryon number of +1 and a charge of +1. So, let's start off.

$$U$$ = Charge of +2/3 and a baryon number of 1/3. So, we add that to:

$$D$$ = Charge of -1/3 and a baryon number of 1/3, so we have... $$ +2/3 + -1/3 = +1/3$$ charge and a baryon number of 2/3.

$$U$$ = Charge of +2/3, so we add that to the +1/3 of U + D, and we get +1 (the charge of a proton) and a baryon number of +1!


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Ada Programming/Attributes/'To Address

Description
System'To_Address (X) is a GNAT specific attribute with the same purpose of function System.Storage_Elements.To_Address. The only difference is that it can be used in preelaborated units where non-static calls are not allowed. X is a value of that type System.Storage_Elements.Integer_Address (an implementation-defined integer type), and note that this attribute is not applied to the type of X but always to package System.

Example
Using the standard Ada To_Address function:

Sensor' use .To_Address (16#0FF2_1234#);

Using the GNAT specific To_Address attribute:

Sensor' use ' (16#0FF2_1234#);

Wikibook

 * Ada Programming
 * Ada Programming/Libraries/System.Storage_Elements

GNAT Reference Manual

 * GNAT Implementation Defined Attributes: To_Address

|To_Address

title: Ada Programming/Attributes/'To Address


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Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Bc4

Black's second move 2...Bc5 was reffered as "Boi variation" in this page, but in the wikipedia, its name is "classical défence". As "classical defence" seems more plausible, I keep it. Thanks to indicate sources which refer to Boi variation.

horyon 17:24, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

For future reference in the Berlin http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~goeller/urusov/perreux/index.html E5ricky 02:16, 19 October 2007 (UTC)


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Talk:SPM/Installation on Windows

Anyone understands why I'm getting these errors?

>> spm fmri ??? Operands to the || and && operators must be convertible to logical scalar values.

Error in ==> spm>local_clc at 1875 if str2num(version('-release'))~=14 || ~isdeployed,

Error in ==> spm at 462 local_clc, spm('SetCmdWinLabel')

>> spm ??? Operands to the || and && operators must be convertible to logical scalar values.

Error in ==> spm at 1367 if str2num(version('-release'))==14 && isdeployed,

Error in ==> spm_defaults at 101 defaults.segment.estimate.priors = char(...

Error in ==> spm at 313 spm_defaults;

>>

I'm running Matlab, R2006a/b (windows)

quick hack:

on lines, 1367 1875

change: if str2num(version('-release'))~=14 || ~isdeployed, to: if ~isdeployed,

 * The command "version -release" return "2006b", but "2006b" is a string, not a number. Your quick hack is OK. --Stanislav Kozlovsky 22:33, 4 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:SPM/Installation on Windows


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User talk:Bobabobabo~enwikibooks

Block
You have been blocked for a short period pending review of your activities on Wikipedia -- Herby talk thyme 18:21, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Indefinite Block
Your account has been reviewed and it has been decided by admins that the block should be made indefinite in view of your background on Wikipedia -- Herby talk thyme 15:05, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bobabobabo. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bobabobabo~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:03, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:40, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bobabobabo~enwikibooks


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User:Djwildchild~enwikibooks

"Wikibooks Topics" "Wikibooks"

title: User:Djwildchild~enwikibooks


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Talk:Scienceshow

It might be a good idea to add an overview section to each experiment guide. There is no place where the reader can come in and see at a glance what an experiment is about. -- Jelmer

I've added a section on 'experimental equipment' because I think this is something which we will need at some point in the future. There is a lot of equipment which requires special handling, which is used in more than one experiment, so it seemed sensible to give this it's own section. To show what I mean, i've added a section on how to clean Vandegraaff machines. -- Jelmer

Should this book continue?
Since the initially good idea about this wikibook on scienceshows apparently never caught on with the anticipated collaboration we hoped to have around it, the book now is in a rather unfinished and messy state. The book contains plenty of half made pages with little real information and many pages we started out making contain experiments that are not accesible without specialized equipment such as liquid nitrogen. If nobody here argues strongly in favor of keeping this book, I will start cleaning up and deleting messy pages after june 1st to leave only a few pages once I have completed. --KristianMolhave (talk) 19:53, 3 May 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Scienceshow


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Scienceshow/Equipment

This section contains handling instructions for certain pieces of experimental equipment.

/Vandegraaff Cleaning/

title: Scienceshow/Equipment


text:
Scienceshow/Equipment/Vandegraaff Cleaning

Vandegraaffs are notoriously tricky devices to use, which has led to some teachers abandoning them in the classroom. However, if you keep your machine in good condition it should not give you any problems. This is a guide on how to repair a non-functioning vandegraaff machine. First, the operational mechanism will be described, then the various steps for repairing it will be explained.

This guide was written with the Frederiksen Vandergraaff in mind, but the advice given here applies equally well to other machines.

Operational mechanism
The vandegraaff works by separation charges via the triboelectric effect. Charge is sprayed from a metal mesh underneath the bottom roller to the belt. It is then discharged onto a second mesh on the top roller, which is inside the collector sphere. The charge is then stored on the collector sphere.

Troubleshooting
There are two basic things which may fail in this mechanism: either the charges are not being transported on the belt, or they are lost as fast as they are accumulated on the collector. To distinguish between these two cases, connect a wire to ground and hold it next to the belt. If you hear a hissing sound of charges going from the belt to the wire, the belt is charged. Do not touch the belt with the wire as this may damage the belt.

If there is no charge on the belt, there are again two possibilities. Either the belt is losing its charge because it is conductive, or it is not being charged at all. In the first case, the belt needs to be cleaned. In the second case, the rollers need to be cleaned, and the mesh needs to be repaired.

If there is charge on the belt, it is being lost in the collector. In this case, the collector and supporting posts needs to be cleaned.

Repairing the mesh
The mesh is non-functioning if it is either touching the roller or if there are small pieces of wire sticking out above it. In either case, remove the rollers and belt, and adjust the mesh. It is very important that the mesh is a uniform distance away from the belt. Use nail clippers or precision pliers to cut the mesh to size.

Cleaning the rollers
Clean the rollers by removing the rollers and belt from the machine. Remove any oil or grease which is sitting on the outside of the rollers with a leather cloth soaked in petrol. Be careful when replacing the rollers, as the ball bearings of the axle on which the roller rests are also oiled.

Cleaning the belt
The most important thing about cleaning the belt is that any trace of oil and grease is removed. This can be done by cleaning the belt in turpentine or pure petrol. Use a leather rag to clean the belt, and dry it with a blow dryer afterwards. Be sure to put to blow dryer on a non-heating setting to avoid igniting the chemicals.

After the belt is cleaned in this way, powder it lightly with talcum powder, then apply the blow drier again to prevent any excess talcum powder from remaining.

Cleaning the collector
The collector must be absolutely free from anything which may act as a point for corona discharges - i.e. any hairs, pieces of dust, etcetera. It is important to remove these from the inside of the sphere as well! Clean the collector with a leather rag soaked in petrol.

Cleaning the supporting posts
The support posts are made of plastic, which means that the cannot be cleaned with alcohol. Do not use window cleaner on the support posts. Instead, clean them with a towel soaked in petrol or turpentine.

Operational tricks
If after this troubleshooting the VDG still doesn't work, there are a few operational tricks. First of all, try blowing hot air into the machine (especially at the mesh). If this area operates at a higher temperature it will release more charges.

Second of all, reduce the humidity in the room. This may be done by pouring some liquid nitrogen on the floor, which will cause any water in the air to condense onto nearby surfaces.


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User:GreyCat/monobook.js

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Template:Comparison tables

 This page includes comparison tables which can be big and complex.

While it's perfectly all right to view them in their complete state, it is recommended to install a comparison tables extension that would allow to select particular columns of interest for comparison. /Templates

title: Template:Comparison tables


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Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Isle of Arran

Isle of Arran
I don't think there is any doubt in my mind that this should be deleted but there is quite a bit of content. If you look at the history this is better served already by Wikitravel, however (in my view) the content is too great to be speedy'd. Delete neutral is my vote -- Herby  talk thyme 14:58, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Yeah, I saw that too. I'd say keep though... 10,000 wikibooks on geography seems perfectly OK with me. -- SB_Johnny | talk 15:25, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Geography - fine, Travel - ? My view is not at all fixed tho -- Herby talk thyme 15:51, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I originally tagged it because the book had been superseded by . I won't vote yet, but I'm inclined to delete it given this case. --Iamunknown 16:29, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Delete. It's a great book and the differences between geography and travel are quite slim but people are unlikely to look on Wikibooks for a travel guide given that Wikitravel have a huge range of travel articles.  And it should probably be deleted now that Wikitravel has a good guide to the island and because no edits have been made for some time. Xania 19:56, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * In light of recent comments I'm withdrawing my vote. Now Keep. Xania 12:49, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep. To be fair (and terribly honest), I dont think many people are going to look on wikibooks for anything. Of course, this isnt due to anything except our own lack of public noteriety (or perhaps that recognition of our project is eclipsed by the public recognition of wikipedia). The word "textbook", poorly defined as it is, could certainly allow for a small book about an obscure part of scotland. The book may not be a blockbuster, but i don't think that's grounds for deletion. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 23:29, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Comment I have a feeling i originally wrote this book before i found wikitravel, and after i transferred most of the contents to wikitravel forgot about it. I always thought wikibooks would be a nice place to store travel guides to places - a snap shot of an area with a history included, but i imagine this discussion has been engaged and lost a long time ago. As I was a little too close to this page i'm going to sit this vote out. Pluke 23:31, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * If we delete this, what shall we do with the London 'travel guide' --London-- ?Pluke 18:11, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I do agree - changing vote to neutral! -- Herby talk thyme 18:15, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Previous discussion about london - Pluke 18:25, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Comment I only voted Delete because I thought that travel guides weren't allowed on Wikibooks. Personally I think that Wikibooks is the ideal places for such guides (although that would therefore compete with Wikitravel). Xania 23:53, 7 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Keep - I don't know where this rush to push content to other Wiki projects comes from, but I would have to agree almost completely with the comment by Whiteknight above. This book does not violate any of the established policies of Wikibooks.  The only grounds I can see to remove this book is if the original author has made a request for its deletion and there are not other substantial contributors.  If this is done better on Wikitravel, I'm glad that project is doing so well.  That still doesn't require that we move any similar books to that or any other project, particularly because it isn't a Wikimedia project.  --Rob Horning 20:04, 9 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm confused about whether or not I wish to support or object the deletion. I dislike what has happened here at Wikibooks in the past, specifically the repeated forking of content to strategywiki, to wikiversity, and now it seems like at wikipedia. (More on that at another time, if you wish.) As the criteria for inclusion is stated now, free-content textbooks, I really disagree with retaining this book. But the things, almost anything can be used as a textbook, especially in college classrooms. And I think the being created only if there exists a class given at an accredited university and designed and capable of being used therein metric espoused by Jimbo on the wikibooks-l mailing list is hogwash. It is so incredibly subjective and difficult to define as to render it nearly useless in discussing wikibook textbooks, except to point out its glaring subjectivity. Like I said, delete seems at first glance the only acceptable way of dealing with this, as it is not really a textbook. But since a textbook is a book used for learning in a classroom, it certainly could qualify as a textbook. Therefore it would be keep. Sigh. I don't know. Cheers, Iamunknown 17:54, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * It's not hard for me to imagine a class in a local Scotland college that teaches about the local economy, or the local society, etc. For instance, as a Philadelphia native, I can tell you that philadelphia area colleges teach classes on philadelphia area subjects: local economy, local history, local geography, local immigration patterns, etc. This book follows in a similar vein, and I can't imagine why we would vote to delete it, except, perhaps, on grounds that this particular Island is not notable (at least not to many of the non-scotish wikibookians who have commented above). However, to the best of my knowledge, wikibooks doesnt have any notability criteria (unless we borrow from WP). Like Rob pointed out above, before the current wave of admins came in, it generally was policy to keep WMF projects self-contained in the sense that material could be freely transwikied between WMF projects, but it was not acceptable to transwiki material out of WMF projects, especially if the target location was not GFDL-based. In light of the strategy-wiki moves, I think we need to reconsider this. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 00:06, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I am beginning to resent this inclusion metric. I know it was (I think?) suggested by Jimbo on the mailing list, and I think it has little merit. Not that I disagree with your conception of a class at a local Scotland college; I do, and am now more inclined to keep. What I dislike, however, is that has been used in the past (from what archives I have read through) as a defense for many books, but an attack upon other books. And of course, it seems the ones that were attacked most were the game guides, jokebook, et. al. I disagree with this improper, inappropriate and unfair use. It is a double standard. On the one hand, it is used for as a defense for non-game guide wikibooks which are inhernetly slightly more innocuous than game guides; on the other hand, it has been used as an attack on game-guides. The metric must either require proof for or against it, and one cannot require proof for it to qualify for inclusion in some cases and then require proof against it to qualify for deletion in other cases. --Iamunknown 18:28, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

This small book was created in 2005 and since then little work has been done. Much of the information is either out-of-date, poorly-written or lacks detail. At least one page has been tagged as work needed for quite some time. In addition it's a travel book which never was a Wikibooks thing although we often looked the other way as there were no non-commercial alternatives. Now, however, there is Wikivoyage so this book should either be deleted or transfered to Wikivoyage (can we transwiki to WV yet?).--ЗAНИA talk 22:08, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Wikivoyage already has a much more complete page on the Isle of Arran (Isle of Arran) Liam987  01:25, 16 March 2013 (UTC)
 * I wrote this originally, Wikivoyage has now taken over Pluke (discuss • contribs) 09:20, 17 March 2013 (UTC)

 * Comment I can't see Pluke in the history. However, I do not oppose deletion.--Abramsky (discuss • contribs) 20:04, 8 April 2013 (UTC)


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a.stub { color: #798da9; }

img { vertical-align: middle; border: 1px solid #AAAAAA; background-color: #000000; } img:hover { background-color: #FFFFFF; }

/* @media screen, projection { */ p { margin: .4em 0 .5em 0; line-height: 1.5em; } /* } */ p img { margin: 0; }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { color: #c0c0c0; background: none; font-weight: normal; margin: 0; padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .17em; } h1 { font-size: 188%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080; } h1 .editsection { font-size: 53%; } h2 { font-size: 150%; border-bottom: 2px solid #000080; } h2 .editsection { font-size: 67%; } h3, h4, h5, h6 { border-bottom: none; font-weight: bold; } h3 { font-size: 132%; } h3 .editsection { font-size: 76%; font-weight: normal; } h4 { font-size: 116%; } h4 .editsection { font-size: 86%; font-weight: normal; } h5 { font-size: 100%; } h5 .editsection { font-weight: normal; } h6 { font-size: 80%; } h6 .editsection { font-size: 125%; font-weight: normal; }

.editsection { float: right; margin-left: 5px; }

ul { line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; margin: .3em 0 0 1.5em; padding: 0; list-style-image: url(bullet.gif); } ol { line-height: 1.5em; margin: .3em 0 0 3.2em; padding: 0; list-style-image: none; } li { margin-bottom: .1em; } dt { font-weight: bold; margin-bottom: .1em; } dl { margin-top: .2em; margin-bottom: .5em; } dd { line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 2em; margin-bottom: .1em; }

fieldset { background: transparent; border: 1px solid #000040; margin: 1em 0 1em 0; padding: 0 1em 1em; line-height: 1.5em; } legend { padding: .5em; font-size: 95%; background: transparent; border: 1px solid #000040; } form { border: none; margin: 0; }

/* Colors of edit input elements */ textarea { width: 100%; padding: .1em; color: #87ceeb; background : #000000; }

input.historysubmit { padding: 0 0.3em 0.3em 0.3em !important; font-size: 94%; cursor: pointer; height: 1.7em !important; margin-left: 1.6em; }

input[type="radio"], input[type="checkbox"] { border:none; background-color: #000016; color: grey; }

select { background-color: grey; border: 1px solid #000980; color: #000016; vertical-align: top; }

option { color: #000016; }

abbr, acronym, .explain { border-bottom: 1px dotted #000040; color: black; background: #000020; cursor: help; } q { font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; } /* disabled for now blockquote { font-family: Times, "Times New Roman", serif; font-style: italic; }*/ code { color: gray; background-color: #000020; font-family: Courier, "Courier New"; font-size: 0.9em; } pre { padding: 1em; border: 1px dashed #00AAAA; color: gray; background-color: #000020; line-height: 1.1em; overflow: auto; }

/* @media screen, projection { */ #siteSub { display: none; } #jump-to-nav { display: none; } /* } */

font-size: 84%; line-height: 1.2em; margin: 0 0 1.4em 1em; color: #7d7d7d; width: auto; } span.subpages { display: block; }
 * 1) contentSub, #contentSub2 {

/* Some space under the headers in the content area */ color : #c0c0c0; margin-bottom: .6em; } color : #c0c0c0; margin-bottom: .3em; } .firstHeading { margin-bottom: .1em; }
 * 1) bodyContent h1, #bodyContent h2 {
 * 1) bodyContent h3, #bodyContent h4, #bodyContent h5 {

/* user notification thing */ .usermessage { background-color: #000716; border: 1px solid #502b00; color: #678232; font-weight: bold; margin: 2em 0 1em; padding: .5em 1em; vertical-align: middle; } text-align: center; font-size: 95%; padding: 0 .9em; } margin: 0; padding: 0; } .error { color: red; font-size: larger; } .errorbox, .successbox { font-size: larger; border: 2px solid; padding: .5em 1em; float: left; margin-bottom: 2em; color: #000; } .errorbox { border-color: red; background-color: #fff2f2; } .successbox { border-color: green; background-color: #dfd; } .errorbox h2, .successbox h2 { font-size: 1em; font-weight: bold; display: inline; margin: 0 .5em 0 0; border: none; }
 * 1) siteNotice {
 * 1) siteNotice p {

border: 1px solid #352f5f; color: #00AAAA; background-color: #000000; padding: 5px; margin-top: 1em; clear: both; }
 * 1) catlinks {

/* emulate center */ .center { width: 100%; text-align: center; } margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; } /* small for tables and similar */ .small, .small * { font-size: 94%; } table.small { font-size: 100%; }
 * .center * {

.toc, .mw-warning { background: #000020; border: 1px solid #000080; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; } .toc h2 { display: inline; border: none; padding: 0; font-size: 100%; font-weight: bold; } .toc #toctitle, .toc .toctitle { text-align: center; } .toc ul { list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; margin-left: 0; padding-left: 0; text-align: left; } .toc ul ul { margin: 0 0 0 2em; } .toc .toctoggle { font-size: 94%; }
 * toc,
 * 1) toc h2,
 * 1) toc #toctitle,
 * 1) toc .toctitle,
 * 1) toc ul,
 * 1) toc ul ul,
 * 1) toc .toctoggle,

.mw-warning { margin-left: 50px; margin-right: 50px; text-align: center; }

/* images */ div.floatright, table.floatright { clear: right; float: right; position: relative; margin: 0 0 .5em .5em; border: 0; } div.floatright p { font-style: italic; } div.floatleft, table.floatleft { float: left; clear: left; position: relative; margin: 0 .5em .5em 0; border: 0; /* margin: .3em .5em .5em 0; border: .5em solid white; border-width: .5em 1.4em .8em 0; } div.floatleft p { font-style: italic; } /* thumbnails */ div.thumb { background: #000020 !important; border: 1px solid #000080 !important; margin-bottom: .5em; color: #C0C0C0; width: auto; }

div.thumbinner { border: 1px solid #ccc; padding: 3px !important; background-color: #000020; border: 1px solid #000080; font-size: 94%; text-align: center; overflow: hidden; color: #C0C0C0; } html .thumbimage { border: none; } html .thumbcaption { background: #000000 !important; color: #C0C0C0; border: none; text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px !important; font-size: 94%; } div.magnify { float: right; border: none !important; background: none !important; } div.magnify a, div.magnify img { display: block; border: none !important; background: none !important; } div.tright { clear: right; float: right; border-width: .5em 0 .8em 1.4em; } div.tleft { float: left; clear: left; margin-right: .5em; border-width: .5em 1.4em .8em 0; } img.thumbborder { border: none; } .hiddenStructure { display: none; speak: none; } img.tex { vertical-align: middle; } span.texhtml { font-family: serif; }

/* table standards */ table.rimage { float: right; position: relative; margin-left: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: center; } .toccolours { border: 1px solid #aaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; } div.townBox { position: relative; float: right; background: white; margin-left: 1em; border: 1px solid gray; padding: .3em; width: 200px; overflow: hidden; clear: right; } div.townBox dl { padding: 0; margin: 0 0 .3em; font-size: 96%; } div.townBox dl dt { background: none; margin: .4em 0 0; } div.townBox dl dd { margin: .1em 0 0 1.1em; background-color: #f3f3f3; }

.special li { line-height: 1.4em; margin: 0; padding: 0; }

/* Page history styling */ /* the auto-generated edit comments */ .autocomment { color: gray; } margin-left: 1.4em; margin-right: .4em; } font-weight: bold; } border: 1px solid white; } background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px dashed #aaa; }
 * 1) pagehistory span.user {
 * 1) pagehistory span.minor {
 * 1) pagehistory li {
 * 1) pagehistory li.selected {

background: url("/skins-1.5/monobook/external.png") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 13px; } .link-https { background: url("/skins-1.5/monobook/lock_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 16px; } .link-mailto { background: url("/skins-1.5/monobook/mail_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; } background: url("/skins-1.5/monobook/news_icon.png") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; } .link-ftp { background: url("/skins-1.5/monobook/file_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; } .link-irc { background: url("/skins-1.5/monobook/discussionitem_icon.gif") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 18px; } .link-audio { background: url("/skins-1.5/monobook/audio.png") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 13px; } .link-video { background: url("/skins-1.5/monobook/video.png") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 13px; } .link-document { background: url("/skins-1.5/monobook/document.png") center right no-repeat; padding-right: 12px; }
 * 1) bodyContent a.external,
 * 2) bodyContent a[href ^="gopher://"] {
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="https://"],
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="mailto:"],
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="news://"] {
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="ftp://"],
 * 1) bodyContent a[href ^="irc://"],
 * 1) bodyContent a.external[href $=".ogg"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".OGG"],
 * 2) bodyContent a.external[href $=".mid"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".MID"],
 * 3) bodyContent a.external[href $=".midi"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".MIDI"],
 * 4) bodyContent a.external[href $=".mp3"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".MP3"],
 * 5) bodyContent a.external[href $=".wav"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".WAV"],
 * 6) bodyContent a.external[href $=".wma"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".WMA"],
 * 1) bodyContent a.external[href $=".ogm"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".OGM"],
 * 2) bodyContent a.external[href $=".avi"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".AVI"],
 * 3) bodyContent a.external[href $=".mpeg"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".MPEG"],
 * 4) bodyContent a.external[href $=".mpg"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".MPG"],
 * 1) bodyContent a.external[href $=".pdf"], #bodyContent a.external[href $=".PDF"],
 * 2) bodyContent a.external[href *=".pdf#"], #bodyContent a.external[href *=".PDF#"],
 * 3) bodyContent a.external[href *=".pdf?"], #bodyContent a.external[href *=".PDF?"],

/* disable interwiki styling */ color: #36b; background: none; padding: 0; }
 * 1) bodyContent a.extiw,
 * 2) bodyContent a.extiw:active {

color: #36b; }
 * 1) bodyContent a.external {

.plainlinks .urlexpansion {display: none !important;} .plainlinks a {background:none !important; padding:0px !important;} .plainlinks a.external.text:after {display: none !important;} .plainlinks a.external.autonumber:after {display: none !important;}

.portlet { border: none; margin: 0 0 .5em; padding: 0; float: none; width: 11.6em; overflow: hidden; } .portlet h4 { font-size: 95%; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; } .portlet h5 { background: transparent; padding: 0 1em 0 .5em; display: inline; height: 1em; text-transform: lowercase; font-size: 91%; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; } .portlet h6 { background: #ffae2e; border: 1px solid #2f6fab; border-style: solid solid none solid; padding: 0 1em 0 1em; text-transform: lowercase; display: block; font-size: 1em; height: 1.2em; font-weight: normal; white-space: nowrap; } .pBody { font-size: 95%; background-color: #000000; border: 1px solid #000980; color: #C0C0C0; border-collapse: collapse; padding: 0 .8em .3em .5em; } .portlet h1, .portlet h2, .portlet h3, .portlet h4 { margin: 0; padding: 0; } .portlet ul { line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: square; list-style-image: url(bullet.gif); font-size: 95%; } .portlet li { padding: 0; margin: 0; }

/* @media screen, projection { */ #p-logo { background: url(http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/Wikipedia-logo-en-Gold.png) no-repeat; position: absolute; /*needed to use z-index */ top: 8px; left: 0px; height: 0px; width: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 150px 150px; overflow: hidden; } #p-logo h5 { display: none; } #p-logo a,  #p-logo a:hover { display: block; height: 155px; width: 12.2em; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-position: 35% 50% !important; text-decoration: none; } /* } */ /*
 * the navigation portlet

/* @media screen, projection { */ #p-navigation { position: relative; z-index: 3; } #p-navigation a { display: block; } #p-navigation li.active a, #p-navigation li.active a:hover { display: inline; } /* } */ background-color: #000000; color: #C0C0C0; }
 * 1) p-nav, #p-navigation {

background-color: #000000; border: 1px solid #000040; padding-right: 0; }
 * 1) p-nav .pBody, #p-navigation .pBody {

background-color: #000000; border: 1px solid #000040; }
 * 1) p-community .pBody {

text-decoration: none; font-weight: bold; }
 * 1) p-navigation li.active a, #p-navigation li.active a:hover {

/* @media screen, projection { */ #p-search { position: relative; z-index: 3; } /* } */ input.searchButton { background : #000000; color : #0048ff; margin-top: 1px; font-size: 95%; background : #000000; border-top: 2px solid #002222; border-left: 2px solid #002222; border-right: 2px solid #008080; border-bottom: 2px solid #008080; color : #162756; } background : #000000; color : #0048ff; padding-left: .5em; padding-right: .5em; font-weight: bold; background : #000000; border-top: 2px solid #002222; border-left: 2px solid #002222; border-right: 2px solid #008080; border-bottom: 2px solid #008080; color : #162756; } width: 10.9em; margin: 0; font-size: 95%; border: 1px inset !important; color: #a6afd0; background : #000000; } background: #333451; color: Black; } padding: .5em .4em .4em .4em; text-align: center; background: #000000; border: 1px solid #000666; }
 * 1) searchGoButton {
 * 1) searchInput {
 * 1) p-search {
 * 1) p-search .pBody {

/* /* @media screen, projection { */ #p-personal { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; z-index: 0; } #p-personal { width: 100%; white-space: nowrap; padding: 0; margin: 0; border: none; background: none; overflow: visible; line-height: 1.2em; } #p-personal h5 { display: none; } #p-personal .portlet, #p-personal .pBody { z-index: 0; padding: 0; margin: 0; border: none; overflow: visible; background: none; } /* this is the ul contained in the portlet */ #p-personal ul { border: none; line-height: 1.4em; color: #2f6fab; padding: 0 2em 0 3em; margin: 0; text-align: right; list-style: none; z-index: 0; background: none; cursor: default; } #p-personal li { z-index: 0; border: none; padding: 0; display: inline; color: #2f6fab; margin-left: 1em; line-height: 1.2em; background: none; } #p-personal li a { text-decoration: none; padding-bottom: .2em; background: none; } #p-personal li a:hover { background: #000020; } /* the icon in front of the user name, single quotes in bg url to hide it from iemac */ li#pt-userpage, li#pt-anonuserpage, li#pt-login { background: url(user.gif) top left no-repeat; padding-left: 20px; text-transform: none; } /* } */ text-transform: lowercase; } font-weight: bold; }
 * the personal toolbar
 * 1) p-personal ul {
 * 1) p-personal li.active {

/*Page Actions*/ /* @media screen, projection { */ #p-cactions { position: absolute; top: 1.3em; left: 11.5em; margin: 0; white-space: nowrap; width: 76%; line-height: 1.1em; overflow: visible; background: none; border-collapse: collapse; padding-left: 1em; list-style: none; font-size: 95%; } #p-cactions ul { list-style: none; } #p-cactions li { display: inline; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: none; padding: 0 0 .1em 0; margin: 0 .3em 0 0; overflow: visible; background: white; } #p-cactions li.selected { border-color: #fabd23; padding: 0 0 .2em 0; font-weight: bold; } #p-cactions li a { background-color: #fbfbfb; color: #002bb8; border: none; padding: 0 .8em .3em; position: relative; z-index: 0; margin: 0; text-decoration: none; } #p-cactions li.selected a { z-index: 3; padding: 0 1em .2em!important; background-color: white; } #p-cactions .new a { color: #ba0000; } #p-cactions li a:hover { z-index: 3; text-decoration: none; background-color: white; } #p-cactions h5 { display: none; } #p-cactions li.istalk { margin-right: 0; } #p-cactions li.istalk a { padding-right: .5em; } #p-cactions #ca-addsection a { padding-left: .4em; padding-right: .4em; } /* offsets to distinguish the tab groups */ li#ca-talk { margin-right: 1.6em; } li#ca-watch, li#ca-unwatch, li#ca-varlang-0, li#ca-print { margin-left: 1.6em; } #p-cactions .pBody { font-size: 1em; background-color: transparent; color: inherit; border-collapse: inherit; border: 0; padding: 0; } /* } */ display: none; } text-transform: lowercase; }
 * 1) p-cactions .hiddenStructure {
 * 1) p-cactions li a {

/* /* @media screen, projection { */ #p-tbx, #p-lang { position: relative; z-index: 3; } /* } */  background: #000040; }
 * the remaining portlets
 * 1) p-tbx {

background-color: #000000; border: 1px solid #000040; }
 * 1) p-tbx .pBody {

background: #000040; }
 * 1) p-tb {

background-color: #000000; border: 1px solid #000040; }
 * 1) p-tb .pBody {

/* "Languages" nav box */ background: #000040; }
 * 1) p-lang {

background-color: #000000; border: 1px solid #000040; } /* TODO: #t-iscite is only used by the Cite extension, come up with some * system which allows extensions to add to this file on the fly */ color: #999; } /* margin: .6em 0 1em 0; padding: .4em 0 1.2em 0; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; background-color: #000000; color: #c0c0c0; border-top: 1px solid #ff8f00; border-bottom: 1px solid #ff8f00; text-align: center; font-size: 90%; } display: inline; margin: 0 1.3em; } margin: 0 8px; position: relative; top: -2px; /* Bump it up just a tad */ } float: right; height: 1%; } float: left; height: 1%; }
 * 1) p-lang .pBody {
 * 1) t-ispermalink, #t-iscite {
 * footer
 * 1) footer {
 * 1) footer {
 * 1) footer li {
 * 1) f-poweredbyico, #f-copyrightico {
 * 1) f-poweredbyico {
 * 1) f-copyrightico {

/* js pref toc */ margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; clear: both; } background-color: #f0f0f0; color: #000; } /* @media screen, projection { */ #preftoc li { margin: 1px -2px 1px 2px; float: left; padding: 2px 0 3px 0; border: 1px solid #fff; border-right-color: #716f64; border-bottom: 0; position: relative; white-space: nowrap; list-style-type: none; list-style-image: none; z-index: 3; } /* } */ font-weight: bold; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: none; cursor: default; top: 1px; padding-top: 2px; margin-right: -3px; } top: 2px; } display: block; color: #000; padding: 0 .7em; position: relative; text-decoration: none; } cursor: default; text-decoration: none; } padding-top: 2em; clear: both; } margin: 0; border: 1px solid #aaa; clear: both; padding: 1.5em; background-color: #F9F9F9; color: #000000; } .prefsection { border: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; } .prefsection fieldset { border: 1px solid #aaa; float: left; margin-right: 2em; } .prefsection legend { font-weight: bold; } .prefsection table, .prefsection legend { background-color: #F9F9F9; } /* @media screen, projection { */ .mainLegend { display: none; } /* } */ div.prefsectiontip { font-size: x-small; padding: .2em 2em; color: #666; } .btnSavePrefs { font-weight: bold; padding-left: .3em; padding-right: .3em; }
 * 1) preftoc {
 * 1) preftoc li {
 * 1) preftoc li.selected {
 * 1) preftoc > li.selected {
 * 1) preftoc a,
 * 2) preftoc a:active {
 * 1) preftoc li.selected a {
 * 1) prefcontrol {
 * 1) preferences {

.preferences-login { clear: both; margin-bottom: 1.5em; }

.prefcache { font-size: 90%; margin-top: 2em; }

div#userloginForm form, div#userlogin form#userlogin2 { margin: 0 3em 1em 0; border: 1px solid #aaa; clear: both; padding: 1.5em 2em; background-color: #f9f9f9; float: left; }

div#userloginForm table, div#userlogin form#userlogin2 table { background-color: #f9f9f9; }

div#userloginForm h2, div#userlogin form#userlogin2 h2 { padding-top: 0; }

div#userlogin .captcha, div#userloginForm .captcha { border: 1px solid #bbb; padding: 1.5em 2em; background-color: white; }

font-size: 85%; }
 * 1) userloginprompt, #languagelinks {

font-size: 85%; line-height: 1.2; padding-top: 2em; }
 * 1) login-sectiontip {

width: 12em; }
 * 1) userlogin .loginText, #userlogin .loginPassword {

font-weight: bold; }
 * 1) userloginlink a, #wpLoginattempt, #wpCreateaccount {

/* @media screen, projection { */ /* tabs: border on the a, not the div */ * > html #p-cactions li { border: none; } * > html #p-cactions li a { border: 1px solid #aaa; border-bottom: none; } * > html #p-cactions li.selected a { border-color: #fabd23; } /* footer icons need a fixed width */ * > html #f-poweredbyico, * > html #f-copyrightico { width: 88px; } * > html #bodyContent, * > html #bodyContent pre { overflow-x: auto; width: 100%; padding-bottom: 25px; } /* } */

display: inline; margin-bottom: 0; }
 * html #footer {margin-top: 0;}
 * html #column-content {
 * html div.editsection { font-size: smaller; }
 * 1) pagehistory li.selected { position: relative; }

/* Mac IE 5.0 fix; floated content turns invisible */ float: none; } position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; } margin-left: 13.2em; } .redirectText { font-size: 150%; margin: 5px; }
 * > html #column-content {
 * > html #column-one {
 * > html #footer {

.printfooter { display: none; }

.not-patrolled { background-color: #ffa; } div.patrollink { font-size: 75%; text-align: right; } span.newpage, span.minor, span.searchmatch, span.bot { font-weight: bold; } span.unpatrolled { font-weight: bold; color: red; }

span.searchmatch { color: red; } .sharedUploadNotice { font-style: italic; }

span.updatedmarker { color: black; background-color: #0f0; }

table.gallery { border: 1px solid #ccc; margin: 2px; padding: 2px; background-color: white; }

table.gallery tr { vertical-align: top; }

table.gallery td { vertical-align: top; background-color: #f9f9f9; border: solid 2px white; } /* Keep this temporarily so that cached pages will display right */ table.gallery td.galleryheader { text-align: center; font-weight: bold; } table.gallery caption { font-weight: bold; }

div.gallerybox { margin: 2px; }

div.gallerybox div.thumb { text-align: center; border: 1px solid #ccc; margin: 2px; }

div.gallerytext { overflow: hidden; font-size: 94%; padding: 2px 4px; }

table.gallery img { background-color: #FFFFFF; }

span.comment { font-style: italic; }

span.changedby { font-size: 95%; }

.previewnote { text-indent: 3em; color: #c00; border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa; padding-bottom: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; }

.previewnote p { margin: 0; padding: 0; }

.editExternally { border: 1px solid gray; background-color: #ffffff; padding: 3px; margin-top: 0.5em; float: left; font-size: small; text-align: center; } .editExternallyHelp { font-style: italic; color: gray; }

li span.deleted, span.history-deleted { text-decoration: line-through; color: #888; font-style: italic; }

.toggle { margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em; }

/* Classes for EXIF data display */ table.mw_metadata { font-size: 0.8em; margin-left: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; width: 300px; }

table.mw_metadata caption { font-weight: bold; }

table.mw_metadata th { font-weight: normal; }

table.mw_metadata td { padding: 0.1em; }

table.mw_metadata { border: none; border-collapse: collapse; }

table.mw_metadata td, table.mw_metadata th { text-align: center; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; padding-left: 0.1em; padding-right: 0.1em; }

table.mw_metadata th { background-color: #f9f9f9; }

table.mw_metadata td { background-color: #fcfcfc; }

table.collapsed tr.collapsable { display: none; }

/* filetoc */ ul#filetoc { text-align: center; border: 1px solid #aaaaaa; background-color: #f9f9f9; padding: 5px; font-size: 95%; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; }

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title: User:Whiteknight/myskin.css


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nc3/3...Bb4

= Nimzo-Indian Defence =

3...Bb4
3...Bb4 introduces the Nimzo-Indian Defence. Black develops their dark-squared bishop as actively as possible and pins the white knight. If not handled properly, this pin can cause problems for White for several reasons. The most positionally significant of these is that the pin nullifies White's control of the e4 square. White would like to play e4 at some point, but Black's knight on f6 dominates the square for now, since the c3 knight cannot recapture when pinned. Consequently, Black may be able to install their knight on e4 or otherwise use the square for his own purposes if White does not fight for it.

A second implication of the pin is that Black is threatening to exchange bishop for knight and double White's pawns. The resulting position would be unbalanced, with White trying to open the position to utilize the power of his two bishops, and Black working to keep the position closed and exploit White's pawn weaknesses. White must decide how they feel about this prospect when choosing their next moves.

The Nimzo-Indian Defence is quite popular and there are a number of systems available to each side. White's fourth move options are listed below. Note that perhaps the most obvious move, 4. Bd2, breaking the pin and eliminating Black's threat to double White's pawns, is not among them. This is not because 4.Bd2 loses immediately; it does not. However, it is rarely seen in top level chess because it is far less ambitious than White's other choices.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4'''


text:
User:GreyCat/Comparison tables

Comparison tables extension is a short JavaScript extension to ease the burden of viewing pages with comparison tables.

How does it help?
Some pages include so-called comparison tables. They usually have a long list of features, one per row, and long list of comparable items with these features, one per column. As tables grow, new comparable items appear, and, finally, such giant table doesn't seem to fit on any screen, while usually user that references such table just wants to see 2 or 3 columns.

With comparison tables extension installed, any page that has a comparison table would have a selector with checkboxes that one can use to select which columns are of interest. Selected columns instantly appear, unselected columns instantly disappear. It's that simple. Also, you'll get rid of those yellow notice boxes.

How to install
Installation is quick: document.write(' '); Note that if you're using skin other than default "Vector", you should add this code to .js file used in your skin, i.e. use monobook.js page for Monobook skin, etc. You can find a full list of personal .js files for every skin in MediaWiki manual personal scripts description.
 * 1) Make sure you have a user account in Wikibooks and you're logged in.
 * 2) Add the following code into your your vector.js page:

How to use this extension in pages
Generally, it's very simple to add this extension to any page:

 * 1) All tables that should be a comparison-enabled should have a.
 * 2) Add a template   to the top of the page. It serves both as a notice for readers and as a flag that enables the extension while a reader views such page. Otherwise, the extension just does nothing and doesn't interfere with any other scripts workflow.

Credits, support, license
The comparison tables extension was developed by GreyCat. Feel free to contact if any question arises.

The source code for extension is is available under GPL at User:GreyCat/comparison.js.

title: User:GreyCat/Comparison tables


text:
Autonomous Technology-Assisted Language Learning/Packages/Lyrics

 * find foreign-language song with interesting lyrics
 * find lyrics on Internet
 * use WordChamp to check meaning of unknown words of lyrics
 * add meaning for unknown words not included in WordChamp
 * learn to recite and/or sing song with lyrics
 * perform in class along with recording of song or as solo or group performance
 * create website (e.g.,. using Google Docs) of songs with links to lyrics
 * see http://www.vanbasco.com/ for Karaoke player (recommended by Norma Scagnoli)


text:
Autonomous Technology-Assisted Language Learning/Packages/Poems

(similar to Lyrics package)

 * find foreign-language poem on Internet
 * use WordChamp to check meaning of unknown words
 * add meaning to WordChamp using online bilingual dictionary for unknown words not included in WordChamp
 * learn to recite poem
 * recite in class, solo or group
 * create website (e.g.,. using Google Docs) of poems with links to lyrics


text:
User:Ezratrumpet

Ezratrumpet

title: User:Ezratrumpet


text:
User talk:Ezratrumpet

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

Xania 22:29, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ezratrumpet


text:
User talk:81.178.124.26

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
 * The use of a username of your choice
 * The ability to view all your contributions via a "My contributions" link
 * Your own user page
 * Your own talk page which, if you choose, also allows users to send you messages without knowing your e-mail address
 * The use of your own personal watchlist to which you can add articles that interest you
 * The ability to rename pages.
 * The ability to upload images
 * The ability to customize the appearance and behavior of the website
 * The eligibility to become an administrator
 * The right to be heard in votes and elections
 * Your IP address will no longer be visible to other users.

We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

Xania 22:30, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:81.178.124.26