text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Maps

Semasiological maps of false friends

In contrast to the onomasiological maps with isoglosses used in dialectology, these semasiological maps show what one could call 'isosemes'. But note that the speech forms treated on this site are not dialects but standard languages, the territory of which can only be symbolized.

As such a symbol, territories of states or other official entities have been chosen where such exist (e.g. Russia for Russian, Serbia and Montenegro for Serbian, Bosnia and Herzegovina for Bosnian), notwithstanding the presence of speakers of other (Slavonic and non-Slavonic) languages in these territories.

In the cases of Sorbian and Kashubian, which lack official territories with clear-cut boundaries, the languages are symbolized by circles.

 * 1) *baba (R. баба, Pol. baba, Cr. baba, Bo. baba, Sb. баба, Bg. баба)
 * 2) [banka] (R. банка, Pol. bańka, Sln. banka, Cr. banka, Bo. banka, Sb. банка)
 * 3) *běli(zь)na (R. белизна, Blr. бялізна, Ukr. білизна, Pol. bielizna, Cr. bjelina, Bo. bjelina, Sb. белина, Mk. белина, Bg. белина)
 * 4) [bulka] (R. булка, Blr. булка, Ukr. булка, Pol. bułka, Bg. булка)
 * 5) *časъ (R. час, Blr. час, Ukr. час, Pol. czas, Cz. čas, Slk. čas, Sln. čas, Bo. čas, Sb. час, Mk. час, Bg. час)
 * 6) *čьrvьnь (Blr. чэрвень, Ukr. червень, Pol. czerwiec, Cz. červenec, Bg. червен (цвят 'color'))
 * 7) *dělo (R. дело, Cz. dělo)
 * 8) < Turkish divan (R. диван, Blr. дыван, Pol. dywan, Cz. divan, Slk. diván, Sln. divan, Cr. divan, Bo. divan, Sb. диван, Bg. диван)
 * 9) *doba (Pol. doba, Cz. doba, Slk. doba, Sln. doba, Cr. doba, Bo. doba, Sb. доба, Bg. доба)
 * 10) *dodatьnъ (Blr. дадатны, Ukr. додатний, Pol. dodatni, Cr. dodatni, Bo. dodatni, Sb. додатни)
 * 11) *duma (R. дума, Blr. дума, Ukr. дума, Pol. duma, Bg. дума)
 * 12) *Dunajь (R. Дунай, Pol. Dunaj, Cz. Dunaj, Slk. Dunaj, Sln. Dunaj, Cr. Dunaj, Bo. Dunaj, Sb. Дунај, Mk. Дунав, Bg. Дунав)
 * 13) *dvorьcь (R. дворец, Blr. дварэц, Ukr. двірець, Pol. dworzec, Cr. dvorac, Bo. dvorac, Sb. дворац, Mk. дворец, Bg. дворец)
 * 14) *dynja (R. дыня, Ukr. диня, Pol. dynia, Sln. dinja, Cr. dinja, Bo. dinja, Sb. диња, Mk. диња, Bg. диня)
 * 15) *godina (R. година, Blr. гадзіна, Ukr. година, Pol. godzina, Cz. hodina, Slk. hodina, Cr. godina, Bo. godina, Sb. година, Mk. година, Bg. година)
 * 16) *gora (R. гора, Blr. гара, Ukr. гора, Pol. góra, Cz. hora, Slk. hora, Sln. gora, Cr. gora, Bo. gora, Sb. гора, Bg. гора)
 * 17) *govorъ (R. говор, Blr. гаворка, Ukr. говір, Pol. gwar, Cr. govor, Bo. govor, Sb. говор, Bg. говор)
 * 18) [grad] (R. град, Pol. grad, Cz. hrad, Sln. grad, Cr. grad, Bo. grad, Sb. град)
 * 19) *jьgrati (R. играть, Blr. іграць, Ukr. грати, Pol. grać, Cz. hrát, Slk. hrať, Sln. igrati, Cr. igrati, Bo. igrati, Sb. играти, Mk. игра, Bg. играя)
 * 20) [kor] (Cr. kor, Bo. kor, Sb. кор)
 * 21) *kovъčegъ (R. ковчег, Sln. kovček, Cr. kovčeg, Bo. kovčeg, Sb. ковчег, Bg. ковчег)
 * 22) *krajь (R. край, Blr. край, Ukr. край, Pol. kraj, Cz. kraj, Slk. kraj, Sln. kraj, Cr. kraj, Bo. kraj, Sb. крај, Mk. крај, Bg. край)
 * 23) *krasьka (R. краска, Blr. краска, Bg. краска)
 * 24) *krěslo (R. кресло, Blr. крэсла, Ukr. крісло, Pol. krzesło, Cz. křeslo, Slk. kreslo, Bg. кресло)
 * 25) *květьnь (R. цветень, Ukr. квітень, Pol. kwiecień, Cz. květen)
 * 26) *lěkarьn- (Ukr. лікарня, Cz. lékárna, Slk. lekáreň, Sln. lekarna)
 * 27) *lěp- (Pol. lepiej, Cr. ljepše, Bo. ljepše, Sb. лепше)
 * 28) *lěto (R. лето, Blr. лета, Ukr. літо, Pol. lato, Cz. léto, Slk. leto, Sln. leto, Cr. ljeto, Bo. ljeto, Sb. лето, Mk. лето, Bg. лято)
 * 29) *lice (R. лицо, Pol. lico, Sln. lice, Cr. lice, Bo. lice, Sb. лице)
 * 30) *lipьnь (Blr. ліпень, Ukr. липень, Pol. lipiec, Cr. lipanj)
 * 31) *listъ (R. лист, Blr. ліст, Ukr. лист, Pol. list, Ka. lëst, Cz. list, Slk. list, Sln. list, Cr. list, Bo. list, Sb. лист, Mk. лист, Bg. лист)
 * 32) *listopadъ (R. листопад, Blr. лістапад, Ukr. листопад, Pol. listopad, USo. listopad, Cz. listopad, Slk. listopad, Sln. listopad, Cr. listopad, Bo. listopad, Sb. листопад, Mk. листопад, Bg. листопад)
 * 33) < Latin machina (R. машина, Pol. maszyna, Cr. mašina, Bo. mašina, Sb. машина)
 * 34) [majka] (R. майка, Blr. майка, Cr. majka, Bo. majka, Sb. мајка, Mk. мајка, Bg. майка)
 * 35) [masa] (R. масса, Blr. маса, Ukr. маса, Pol. masa, Cz. masa, Slk. masa, Sln. masa, Cr. masa, Bo. masa, Sb. маса, Mk. маса, Bg. маса)
 * 36) *matьka (R. матка, Blr. матка, Ukr. матка, Pol. matka, Cz. matka, Slk. matka, Mk. матка, Bg. матка)
 * 37) *mirъ (R. мир, Pol. mir, Ka. mir, Cz. mír, Cr. mir, Bo. mir, Sb. мир)
 * 38) *modrъ (Cr. modar, Sb. модар)
 * 39) *morkъ (R. мрак, Cz. mrak, Slk. mrak, Cr. mrak, Bo. mrak, Sb. мрак)
 * 40) *mǫžь (R. муж, Blr. муж, Ukr. муж, Pol. mąż, Cz. muž, Slk. muž, Sln. mož, Cr. muž, Bo. muž, Sb. муж, Mk. маж, Bg. мъж)
 * 41) *naglъ (R. наглый, Blr. наглы, Ukr. наглий, Pol. nagły, Cz. náhlý, Slk. náhly, Sln. nagel, Cr. nagao, Bo. nagao, Sb. нагао, Mk. нагло, Bg. нагъл)
 * 42) *nedělja (R. неделя, Blr. нядзеля, Ukr. неділя, Pol. niedziela, Cz. neděle, Slk. nedeľa, Sln. nedelja, Cr. nedjelja, Bo. nedjelja, Sb. недеља, Mk. недела, Bg. неделя)
 * 43) *obrazъ (R. образ, Pol. obraz, Sln. obraz, Cr. obraz, Bo. obraz, Sb. образ, Bg. образ)
 * 44) *(o)vokti (R. овощи, Ukr. овочі, Pol. owoce, Cz. ovoce, Slk. ovocie, Cr. voće, Bo. voće, Sb. воће)
 * 45) *pamętь (R. память, Cz. paměť, Cr. pamet, Bo. pamet, Sb. памет, Bg. памет)
 * 46) *pamętьnikъ (R. памятник, Ukr. пам’ятник, Pol. pamiętnik, Ka. pamiãtnik, Slk. pamätník, Bg. паметник)
 * 47) *pepelьnica (R. пепельница, Pol. popielniczka, Cz. popelník, Slk. popolník, Sln. Pepelnica, Cr. Pepelnica)
 * 48) *pokojь (R. покой, Blr. пакой, Pol. pokój, Ka. pòkùj, Cz. pokoj, Slk. pokoj, Sln. pokoj, Sb. покој, Mk. покој, Bg. покой)
 * 49) *polъdьnь (R. полдень, Blr. поўдзень, Ukr. південь, Pol. południe, Ka. pôłnié, Cz. poledne, Slk. poludnie, Sln. poldan, Cr. podne, Bo. podne, Sb. подне, Mk. пладне, Bg. пладне)
 * 50) *polъnoktь (R. полночь, Blr. поўнач, Ukr. північ, Pol. północ, Cz. půlnoc, Slk. polnoc, Sln. polnoč, Cr. ponoć, Bo. ponoć, Sb. поноћ, Mk. полноќ, Bg. полунощ)
 * 51) *pověstь (R. повесть, Blr. аповесць, Ukr. повість, Pol. powieść, Cz. pověst, Slk. povesť, Sln. povest, Cr. povijest, Bo. povijest, Mk. повест, Bg. повест)
 * 52) *(na) pravo (adv.) (R. направо, Blr. направа, Ukr. направо, Pol. na prawo, Ka. w prawo, Cz. napravo, Slk. napravo, Cr. pravo, Bo. pravo, Sb. право, Mk. (на)право, Bg. (на) право)
 * 53) *pravo (n.) (R. право, Blr. права, Ukr. право, Pol. prawo, Ka. prawo, Cz. pravo, Slk. pravo, Cr. pravo, Bo. pravo, Sb. право, Mk. право, Bg. право)
 * 54) *prosto (R. просто, Blr. проста, Ukr. просто, Pol. prosto, Ka. prosto, Cz. prostě, Slk. proste, Sln. prosto, Cr. prosto, Bo. prosto, Sb. просто, Mk. просто, Bg. просто)
 * 55) *pušьka (R. пушка, Pol. puszka, Sln. puška, Cr. puška, Bo. puška, Sb. пушка)
 * 56) *rano (R. рано, Pol. rano, Cr. rano, Bo. rano, Sb. рано)
 * 57) *razrędъ (Cr. razred, Sb. разред)
 * 58) *rěčь (R. речь, Blr. рэч, Ukr. річ, Pol. rzecz, Cz. řeč, Slk. reč, Sln. reč, Cr. riječ, Bo. riječ, Sb. реч, Mk. реч, Bg. реч)
 * 59) < Latin restauratio (Cr. restauracija, Sb. рестаурација)
 * 60) *rod(ьb)ina (R. родина, Blr. радзіна, Ukr. родина, Pol. rodzina, Cz. rodina, Slk. rodina, Sln. rodbina, Cr. rodbina, Bo. rodbina, Sb. родбина, Mk. родбина, Bg. родина)
 * 61) *rokъ (R. рок, Pol. rok, Cz. rok, Sln. rok, Cr. rok, Bo. rok, Sb. рок, Mk. рок)
 * 62) *rossijьskъjь (R. российский, Blr. расейскі, Ukr. російський, Pol. rosyjski)
 * 63) *rujьnъ (Ka. rujan, Cz. říjen, Cr. rujan)
 * 64) *rusьkъjь (R. русский, Blr. рускі, Ukr. руський, Pol. ruski, Cr. ruski, Bo. ruski, Sb. руски)
 * 65) *sadъ (R. сад, Pol. sad, Cz. sad, Slk. sad, Sln. sad, Cr. sad, Bo. sad, Sb. сад)
 * 66) *sъborъ (R. сбор, Sln. zbor, Mk. збор)
 * 67) *šina < German Schiene (R. шина, Blr. шына, Ukr. шина, Pol. szyna, Ka. szina, Cr. šina, Bo. šina, Sb. шина, Mk. шина, Bg. шина)
 * 68) *sъkladъ (R. склад, Ukr. склад, Pol. skład, Cr. sklad, Bo. sklad, Sb. склад
 * 69) *sъklanjati (Cr. sklanjati, Bo. sklanjati, Sb. склањати)
 * 70) *sъklepъ (R. склеп, Ukr. склеп, Pol. sklep, Ka. sklep, Cz. sklep, Sln. sklep)
 * 71) *slověnьskъjь (R. словенский, Blr. славенскі, Ukr. словінський, Pol. słoweński, Ka. słowensczi, LSo. słowjeński, USo. słowjenski, Cz. slovenský, Slk. slovenský, Sln. slovenski, Cr. slovenski, Bo. slovenski, Sb. словенски, Mk. словенски, Bg. словенски)
 * 72) *slovo (R. слово, Blr. слова, Ukr. слово, Pol. słowo, Cz. slovo, Slk. slovo, Sln. slovo, Cr. slovo, Bo. slovo, Sb. слово, Bg. слово)
 * 73) *sъpręzati (Cr. sprezati, Bo. sprezati, Sb. спрезати)
 * 74) *sьrpьnь (Ukr. серпень, Pol. sierpień, Cz. srpen, Sln. srpen (mali, veliki), Cr. srpanj)
 * 75) *stolъ (R. стол, Blr. стол, Ukr. стіл, Pol. stół, Cz. stůl, Slk. stôl, Sln. stol, Cr. stol, Bo. sto, Sb. сто, Mk. стол, Bg. стол)
 * 76) *stolica (R. столица, Blr. сталіца, Ukr. столиця, Pol. stolica, Ka. stolëca, Cz. stolice, Slk. stolica, Sln. stolica, Cr. stolica, Bo. stolica, Sb. столица, Mk. столица, Bg. столица)
 * 77) *storna (R. страна, Ukr. сторона, Pol. strona, Ka. strona, Cz. strana, Slk. strana, Sln. stran, Cr. strana, Bo. strana, Sb. страна, Mk. страна, Bg. страна)
 * 78) *studьnь (R. студень, Blr. студзень, Cr. studeni)
 * 79) *štuka < German Stück (R. штука, Pol. sztuka, Cz. štuka, Cr. štuka, Bo. štuka, Sb. штука, Bg. щука)
 * 80) *šuma (Cr. šuma, Bo. šuma, Sb. шума, Mk. шума, Bg. шума)
 * 81) *sъ utra (R. с утра, Cr. sutra, Bo. sutra, Sb. сутра)
 * 82) *travьnь (Ukr. травень, Sln. traven (mali, veliki), Cr. travanj)
 * 83) *trudьnъ (R. трудный, Pol. trudny, Sln. truden, Cr. trudan, Bo. trudan, Sb. трудан, Bg. труден)
 * 84) *trupъ (R. труп, Pol. trup, Cr. trup, Bo. trup, Sb. труп)
 * 85) *utro (R. утро, Pol. jutro, Cr. jutro, Bo. jutro, Sb. јутро)
 * 86) *věkъ (R. век, Pol. wiek, Cz. věk, Sln. vek, Cr. vijek, Bo. vijek, Sb. век, Mk. век, Bg. век)
 * 87) *vonь(je) (R. вонь, Pol. woń, Cz. vůně)
 * 88) *vorgъ (R. враг, Blr. вораг, Ukr. ворог, Pol. wróg, Cz. vrah, Slk. vrah, Sln. vrag, Cr. vrag, Bo. vrag, Sb. враг, Mk. враг, Bg. враг)
 * 89) *verdьnъ (R. вредный, Pol. wredny, Sln. vreden, Cr. vrijedan, Bo. vrijedan, Sb. вредан, Mk. вреден, Bg. вреден)
 * 90) *vychodъ (R. выход, Blr. выхад, Ukr. вихід, Cz. východ, Slk. východ)
 * 91) *zapomьniti (R. запомнить, Blr. запомніць, Pol. zapomnieć, Cz. zapomenout, Sln. zapomniti, Mk. запомни, Bg. запомня)
 * 92) *zavodъ (R. завод, Pol. zawód, Cz. závod, Sln. zavod, Cr. zavod, Bo. zavod, Sb. завод, Mk. завод, Bg. завод)
 * 93) *žena (R. жена, Blr. жонка, Ukr. жінка, Pol. żona, Cz. žena, Slk. žena, Sln. žena, Cr. žena, Bo. žena, Sb. жена, Mk. жена, Bg. жена)
 * 94) *židъ (R. жид, Pol. Żyd/żyd, Cz. Žid/žid)
 * 95) *životъ (R. живот, Blr. жывот, Ukr. живіт, Pol. żywot, Ka. żëwot, Cz. život, Slk. život, Sln. život, Cr. život, Bo. život, Sb. живот, Mk. живот, Bg. живот)
 * 96) *zorkъ (Blr. зрок, Cz. zrak, Slk. zrak, Sln. zrak, Cr. zrak, Bo. zrak, Sb. зрак, Mk. зрак)

Not yet linked to the corresponding pages

 * 1) [papa]
 * 2) < French adresse
 * 3) *agoda
 * 4) < Algier
 * 5) *angelьskъjь
 * 6) *babьka
 * 7) *batogъ
 * 8) *blagъ
 * 9) *besěda
 * 10) *blǫdъ
 * 11) *bogatyrь
 * 12) *bolěje
 * 13) *borъ
 * 14) *brakъ
 * 15) *bьrati
 * 16) *bъrzъ
 * 17) *bujьnъ
 * 18) *bystrъ
 * 19) < French cheque
 * 20) *choldъ
 * 21) *chudъ
 * 22) *chyba
 * 23) < Latin colonia
 * 24) < Latin criminalista
 * 25) [deva]
 * 26) *dětę
 * 27) [dob]
 * 28) < Latin doctor
 * 29) *doiti
 * 30) *elьcha
 * 31) [federacija]
 * 32) [glava] < *golva
 * 33) *grěšiti
 * 34) *gorodъ < *gordъ
 * 35) *grobъ
 * 36) [grudast]
 * 37) *gubiti
 * 38) [harbuz]
 * 39) *čajьka
 * 40) [časny]
 * 41) *čelověkъ
 * 42) [četvьrtь] < *četvьrtъ
 * 43) *čьrstvъ
 * 44) *čitati
 * 45) *čǫti
 * 46) *izъchodъ
 * 47) *izъkusьstvo
 * 48) [žinka]
 * 49) *žito
 * 50) [žizn]
 * 51) [je]
 * 52) [jel]
 * 53) *ěti
 * 54) škaf
 * 55) *kalъ
 * 56) [kit]
 * 57) *kъnęzь < Germanic kuningaz
 * 58) *kolesa
 * 59) *kolo
 * 60) *korica
 * 61) *krasьnъ
 * 62) [krik]
 * 63) [kuča]
 * 64) *lěkarьstvo
 * 65) [len]
 * 66) *ličьnъ
 * 67) *ljubiti
 * 68) [ljulka]
 * 69) *ložьko
 * 70) [lug]
 * 71) [luk]
 * 72) [luka]
 * 73) *lyž(ьv)i
 * 74) [meč]
 * 75) [med]
 * 76) [mesny]
 * 77) *město
 * 78) *městjaninъ
 * 79) < Mexico
 * 80) < Latin motor
 * 81) *obъchodъ
 * 82) *obyvatělь
 * 83) *ochotьnikъ
 * 84) *olovo
 * 85) [arat’]
 * 86) < Greek organon
 * 87) *otьcь
 * 88) *otъkazъ
 * 89) *otrokъ
 * 90) *palьcь
 * 91) [para]
 * 92) Petrograd
 * 93) *pisačь
 * 94) *pisarь
 * 95) [pisati]
 * 96) *pisьcь
 * 97) *pisakъ
 * 98) *pismo
 * 99) *pivьnica
 * 100) [pod]
 * 101) *poganь
 * 102) [plot]
 * 103) *ponosъ
 * 104) *posъlъ
 * 105) *postělь
 * 106) [proba]
 * 107) *prostakъ
 * 108) *prozъvikje
 * 109) *pьsъ
 * 110) [pupa]
 * 111) *razъbojь
 * 112) *razъsъkazъ
 * 113) < Latin relatio
 * 114) *rusъ
 * 115) *rychlъ
 * 116) *sinь
 * 117) *skoro
 * 118) [slivki]
 * 119) *sloušati
 * 120) *slyšěti
 * 121) *smetana
 * 122) *sьrbъ
 * 123) *sьrbьskъjь
 * 124) *serda
 * 125) *stavьka
 * 126) *stěna
 * 127) [sto]
 * 128) *strojь
 * 129) [stul]
 * 130) [sučestvovati]
 * 131) [svět]
 * 132) *tǫča
 * 133) *tykva
 * 134) *ǫgъlъ
 * 135) *urod-
 * 136) *urokъ
 * 137) *veselьje
 * 138) [*vektь]
 * 139) *viděti
 * 140) [vlast] < *volstь
 * 141) *vozъ
 * 142) *vrěmę < *vermę
 * 143) *vygoda
 * 144) *za
 * 145) [zabyti]
 * 146) *zachodъ
 * 147) *zachvatъ
 * 148) *zakazъ
 * 149) *zanosъ
 * 150) *zapachъ
 * 151) [zdanie]
 * 152) *sъgnělъ
 * 153) *zlodějь
 * 154) *znojь
 * 155) *zьrno

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Maps


text:
User talk:Taliesen~enwikibooks

--George D. Bozovic talk 16:38, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Taliesen. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Taliesen~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:45, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:35, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Taliesen~enwikibooks


text: Template:False Friends of the Slavist/Mono


text: Template:False Friends of the Slavist/MonoSimple


text:
Wikijunior:Kings and Queens of England

Contents

 * 1) Introduction
 * 2) The Anglo-Saxons (871–1016)
 * 3) The Danes (1016–1042)
 * 4) The Anglo-Saxons, again (1042–1066)
 * 5) The Normans (1066–1154)
 * 6) The Plantagenets (1154–1399)
 * 7) The House of Lancaster (1399–1461, 1470–1471)
 * 8) The House of York (1461–1470, 1471–1485)
 * 9) The Tudors (1485–1603)
 * 10) The Stuarts (1603–1649, 1660–1714)
 * 11) The Hanoverians (1714–1901)
 * 12) The House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (1901–1917)
 * 13) The House of Windsor (1917 onwards)
 * 14) Future monarchs

Read the whole book on one page here.

title: Wikijunior:Kings and Queens of England


text:
Template:False Friends of the Slavist/MonoHead

thumb|120px|[[Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/|Discussion |Wikipedia]]

()
(c. native speakers)


text:
Wikijunior:Kings and Queens of England/The Normans

In this chapter we take a look at the Normans. The Normans came to power after invading England in 1066, and they continued in power until 1154 when the throne passed through the female line to the Plantagenets. There were four Norman kings – William I, William II, Henry I and Stephen and, briefly, one female ruler – Matilda. We look at these in turn below.

William I (1066-1087)
William I, also known as William the Conqueror and William the Bastard was born around the year 1028 in Falaise in Normandy, in what is now Northern France. He was the only son of Robert the Magnificent, Duke of Normandy, and his mistress Herleva. William was also the grandnephew of Queen Emma, the wife of King Ethelred the Unready and later wife of King Canute of England. William became Duke of Normandy aged seven, when his father died in 1035. With responsibility thrust on him so young, William had his fair share of guardians as well as would-be assassins. William had to learn to deal with physical threats from an early age, and three of his guardians died trying to protect him. When William was 15, King Henry I of France made him a knight, and by the time he turned 19 he was himself successfully dealing with threats of rebellion and invasion. With the assistance of King Henry, William finally secured control of Normandy by defeating the rebel Norman barons at Caen in the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes in 1047.

The Norman Conquest of England
In 1066 the Anglo-Saxon king, King Edward the Confessor, died. William, who was Edward's cousin, claimed that Edward, who had no children himself, had named him heir during a visit to France and that the other claimant to the throne, Harold Godwinson, had pledged to support William when he was shipwrecked in Normandy; though William's tale may well not be true. After a meeting of England's leading nobles approved it, Harold was crowned on 5 January. William, however, obtained the Pope's support for his cause. He built an invasion fleet of around 600 ships and an army of 7000 men. He landed at Pevensey in Sussex on 28 September 1066 and assembled a prefabricated wooden castle near Hastings as a base. This prompted Harold to respond immediately and in haste rather than await reinforcements in London.

King Harold Godwinson was in the north of England and had just defeated another rival, King Harald Hardrada of Norway, who was supported by Harold Godwinson's own brother Tostig. Harold marched an army of similar size to William's 250 miles in 9 days to challenge him in battle at Senlac, which later became known as the Battle of Hastings. This took place on 14 October 1066. According to some accounts, perhaps based on an interpretation of the Bayeux Tapestry which commemorates the Norman victory, Harold was killed by an arrow through the eye, and the English forces fled giving William victory. It is more likely that Harold was cut down by swords. Unable to enter London immediately, William travelled to Wallingford, and this is where the first set of Anglo-Saxon noblemen surrendered to William's will. The remaining Anglo-Saxon noblemen surrendered to William at Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire and he was acclaimed King of England there. William was then crowned on Christmas Day 1066 in Westminster Abbey.

Overcoming Resistance
Although the south of England submitted quickly to Norman rule, resistance continued, especially in the North for six more years until 1072. Harold's illegitimate sons attempted an invasion of the south-west peninsula. Uprisings occurred in the Welsh Marches and at Stafford, and there were separate attempts at invasion by the Danes and the Scots. The last serious resistance to Norman rule came with the Revolt of the Earls in 1075. It is estimated that one fifth of the people of England were killed during these years by war, massacre or starvation. During William's reign, ownership of nearly all land, and titles to religious and public offices in England were given to Normans. Many surviving Anglo-Saxon nobles emigrated to other European kingdoms. He also ordered many castles, keeps and moats, among them the Tower of London, to be built across England to ensure that the rebellions by the English people or his own followers would not succeed. His conquest also led to Norman French replacing English as the language of the ruling classes, for nearly 300 years.

Domesday Book
In December 1085, in order to find out the true extent of his new dominions and to maximise taxation, William commissioned the Domesday Book (pronounced "doomsday book"), which was a survey of England's productive capacity similar to a modern census. It was completed in August 1086. The name "Domesday", which is the Middle English spelling of "Doomsday", only came about in the 12th century to emphasise the book's definitiveness and authority (the analogy refers to the Christian notion of a Last Judgement). The Domesday Book is really two independent works. One, known as Little Domesday covers the English counties of Norfolk, Suffolk and Essex. The other, Great Domesday, covers the rest of England, except for lands in the north that would later become Westmorland, Cumberland, Northumberland and County Durham (partly because some of these lands were under Scottish control at the time). There are also no surveys of London, Winchester and some other towns. In each county the list opened with the holding of the king himself (which had possibly formed the subject of separate inquiry); then came those of the churchmen and religious houses; next were entered those of the lay tenants-in-chief (barons); and last of all those of women, of the king's serjeants (servientes), of the few English thegns who retained land, and so forth. Apart from the wholly rural portions, which constitute its bulk, Domesday contains entries of interest concerning most of the towns, which were probably made because of their bearing on the tax-raising rights of the Crown therein.

Children
In 1053 William married his cousin Matilda of Flanders, against the wishes of the pope, Leo IX. He was 26, she was 22. William and Matilda had four male children. The first-born was Robert Curthose and the second was William. The third was called Richard, who died in 1085 whilst William I was alive, and the last was Henry. William I and Matilda also had a number of daughters, but it is not known exactly how many there were.

Death and Legacy
William died at the age of 60, at the Convent of St Gervais, near Rouen, France, on 9 September, 1087. He died from injuries to his abdomen after he fell off a horse at the Siege of Mantes and was buried in St. Peter's Church in Caen, Normandy, but only after his fat body exploded as a number of bishops tried to prod it into the stone tomb that had been prepared for him. This created a foul smell and made the mourners leave. When King William I died he divided his lands and riches among his three remaining sons. The eldest, Robert, became Duke of Normandy; the second, William, became King of England; the youngest, Henry, received silver, but he was to become king later, after William II died.

William II (1087-1100)
William II was born in Normandy sometime between the years 1056 and 1060. He was nicknamed "Rufus", which is Latin for "red", perhaps because of his red-faced appearance. He was the second son of William the Conqueror and was King of England from 1087 until 1100, with powers also over Normandy, and influence in Scotland. He was less successful in extending his control in Wales.

Power struggles
The division of William the Conqueror's lands into three parts presented a dilemma for those nobles who held land on both sides of the Channel. Since William Rufus and Robert were natural rivals, these nobles worried that they could not hope to please both of them, and thus ran the risk of losing the favour of one ruler or the other (or both of them). The only solution, as they saw it, was to unite England and Normandy once more under one ruler. They therefore revolted against William in favour of Robert in the Rebellion of 1088, under the leadership of the powerful Bishop Odo of Bayeux, who was a half-brother of William the Conqueror. Robert failed to appear in England to rally his supporters, and William won the support of the English with silver and promises of better government, and defeated the rebellion, thus securing his authority. In 1090 he invaded Normandy, crushing Robert's forces and forcing him to give up a portion of his lands. In 1091, Henry, William's younger brother, attempted to depose William. After this Robert and William made up their differences and William agreed to help Robert recover lands lost to France. Later Robert appointed William to rule Normandy on his behalf when Robert went away on the First Crusade in 1096.

Much of William's reign was spent feuding with the church; after the death in 1086 of Lanfranc, who was the Italian-Norman Archbishop of Canterbury, William delayed appointing a new archbishop while keeping some of the church's money for himself, and it was only whilst William was seriously ill in 1093 that he appointed another Norman-Italian, Anselm of Bec, as the next Archbishop. All this led to a long period of animosity between church and state. William and Anselm disagreed about many things, and the English clergy, who relied on the king for their living, were unable to support Anselm publicly. William called a council at Rockingham in 1095 to bring Anselm to heel but the churchman appealed to Rome. In October 1097, Anselm went into exile, taking his case to the Pope. The new pope was Pope Urban II who was not in a position to make further royal enemies. The Emperor of Germany supported an antipope, and Urban came to an agreement with William. William recognised Urban as pope and Urban accepted William's position in his disputes with Anselm. William kept the income from archbishopric of Canterbury as long as Anselm remained in exile, and Anselm remained in exile until the reign of William's successor, Henry I.

William argued with the Scottish king, Malcolm III, forcing him to pay homage in 1091 and seizing the north-western county of Cumbria in 1092. At the Battle of Alnwick on 13 November 1093 Malcolm and his son were slain. William gained effective control of the Scottish throne after Malcolm's death, when he backed a man called Edgar to become king, a position he filled from 1097 to 1107. On the home front William had a number of disputes with the Norman nobles. In 1095, William had to lead an army against the earl of Northumbria. Another noble, William of Eu, was also accused of treachery and blinded and castrated. In the same year William II also led an unsuccessful campaign into Wales. He tried again in 1097 with an equal lack of success. He went to Normandy in 1097 and from then until 1099 campaigned in France, enjoying some limited success. At the time of his death he was planning to occupy Aquitaine in south-western France.

Death and Legacy
William II was killed whilst hunting in the New Forest on 2 August 1100. The circumstances remain unclear. During the hunt, the party spread out as they chased their prey, and William, in the company of Walter Tirel (or Tyrell), Lord of Poix, became separated from the others. It was the last time that William was seen alive. William was found the next day by a group of local peasants, lying dead in the woods with an arrow piercing his lungs. William's body was abandoned by the nobles at the place where he fell, because the law and order of the kingdom died with the king, and they had to flee to their English or Norman estates to secure their interests. Legend has it that it was left to a local charcoal-burner named Purkis to take the king's body to Winchester Cathedral on his cart. A stone known as the Rufus Stone marks the spot where some believe he fell.

According to the writers in the years after the event, William's death was not murder. Walter and William had been hunting together when Walter let loose a wild shot that, instead of hitting the stag he aimed for, struck William in the chest. Walter tried to help him, but there was nothing he could do. Fearing that he would be charged with murder, Walter panicked, leapt onto his horse, and fled, ending up in France. As William II never married, and so had no legitimate heir, the next king was his brother, Henry.

Henry I (1100-1135)
Henry I of England was born sometime between May 1068 and May 1069, probably in Selby, Yorkshire. He was the fourth son of William the Conqueror, and he was King of England from 1100 to 1135. He became known as Henry Beauclerc because of his scholarly interests, and by the nickname "Lion of Justice" because of the legal reforms he made. Henry I became king after the death of his brother, William II, which happened when his older brother, Robert Curthose, who was meant to succeed William II, was away on the First Crusade. It was Robert's absence, along with his poor reputation among the Norman nobles, that allowed Henry to take the throne. After being accepted as king by the leading barons, Henry was crowned three days later. He was able to keep the support of the barons by issuing the Charter of Liberties, which promised the barons certain rights. His reign is noted for Henry I's political skills, improvements in the machinery of government, the integration of the divided Anglo-Saxon and Normans within his kingdom, and his reuniting of the dominions of his father. Henry I was probably the first Norman ruler to be fluent in the English language.

Henry's reign
In 1101, a year after Henry became king, his older brother, Robert, invaded England in an attempt to become king. They agreed a peace in the Treaty of Alton, in which Robert accepted Henry as King of England and returned peacefully to Normandy. In return Henry agreed to pay Robert 2000 marks each year. Four years later, though, Henry took an army across the English Channel. In 1106, he defeated his brother's Norman army decisively at Battle of Tinchebray. He imprisoned his brother Robert, and claimed the Duchy of Normandy as a possession of England, as a result reuniting his father's lands.

Henry tried to reduce his problems in Normandy by marrying his eldest son, William Adelin, to the daughter of Fulk V, Count of Anjou, who at the time was an enemy of Henry's. Eight years later, after William's death, Henry married his daughter Matilda to Fulk's son, Geoffrey Plantagenet. This later led to the two countries uniting under the Plantagenet kings.

Henry needed money to strengthen his position, and this led to more central government. Henry also made a number of legal reforms, including the Charter of Liberties, and restoring many of the laws of King Edward the Confessor.

Henry was also known for some brutal acts, most notably in 1119, after King Henry's son-in-law, Eustace de Pacy, and Ralph Harnec, the constable of Ivry, who had taken each other's children prisoner, agreed to release them. Eustace blinded Harnec's son, after which Harnec demanded vengeance. King Henry therefore allowed Harnec to blind and mutilate Eustace's two daughters, who were also Henry's own grandchildren. Eustace and his wife, Juliane, were outraged and threatened to rebel. Henry arranged to meet his daughter, only for Juliane to draw a crossbow and attempt to kill her father. She was captured and confined to the castle, but escaped by leaping from a window into the moat below. Some years later Henry made it up with his daughter and son-in-law.

Marriages and Children
In 1100 Henry married Edith, daughter of King Malcolm III of Scotland. Since Edith was also the niece of Edgar Atheling, whose son was the King Edgar that William II installed on the throne of Scotland, the marriage united the Norman line with old Anglo-Saxon line of kings. The marriage greatly displeased the Norman barons and to try to please them Edith changed her name to Matilda upon becoming queen. Henry I had two children by Edith-Matilda, who died in 1118 - Matilda, who was born in February 1102, and William Adelin, who was born in November 1103. William died when the White Ship was wrecked off the coast of Normandy in 1120. In 1121, Henry I married for a second time. His new wife was Adeliza, daughter of Godfrey I of Leuven, Duke of Lower Lotharingia and Landgrave of Brabant, but there were no children from this marriage. Although King Henry I had only two legitimate children, is famed for holding the record for the largest number of acknowledged illegitimate children born to any English king, with the number being around 20 or 25.

Death and Legacy
Henry visited Normandy in 1135 to see his young grandsons. He took great delight in his grandchildren, but soon argued with his daughter and son-in-law and these disputes led him to stay in Normandy far longer than he originally planned. It was here that he died of food poisoning from eating foul lampreys in December 1135 at St. Denis le Fermont in Normandy. His body was returned to England and buried at Reading Abbey, which Henry had founded 14 years before.

Left without legitimate male heirs after his son William died, Henry made his barons swear to accept his daughter Empress Matilda, who was also the widow of Henry V, the Holy Roman Emperor, as his heir. However her sex and her remarriage into the House of Anjou, an enemy of the Normans, allowed Henry's nephew, Stephen of Blois, to come to England and claim the throne with popular support.

Stephen (1135-1141, 1141-1154)
Stephen was born around the year 1096 in Blois in France. He was the son of Stephen, Count of Blois, and Adela, daughter of William the Conqueror. He was the last Norman King of England, and reigned from 1135 to 1154, when he was succeeded by his cousin, Henry II, the first of the Angevin or Plantagenet Kings. At around the age of 10, Stephen went to be brought up at the English court of his uncle, King Henry I. After marrying a daughter of the Count of Boulogne, who was called Matilda, he became joint ruler of Boulogne in 1128. After Henry I died in 1135, Stephen seized the throne before Empress Matilda, Henry I's daughter, could become queen.

The Anarchy
Once Stephen was crowned, he gained the support of most of the barons as well as Pope Innocent II. The first few years of his reign were peaceful, but by 1139 he was seen as weak and indecisive, setting the country up for a civil war against Matilda, commonly called The Anarchy. In February 1141 Stephen fought the Battle of Lincoln against Robert, the first Earl of Gloucester and Empress Matilda's half-brother, and Ranulph de Gernon, the second Earl of Chester. Stephen was defeated, captured and imprisoned at Bristol by Empress Matilda, who became England's ruler under the title "Lady of the English". See below for more on Empress Matilda. Empress Matilda did not keep control for long though. She soon was forced out of London, and after her ablest lieutenant, the Earl of Gloucester, was captured, Matilda was forced to release Stephen. Stephen regained his throne in November 1141, and by December 1142, he was besieging Matilda at Oxford, but she managed to escape.

In 1147, Empress Matilda's son, Henry, decided to help his mother by raising a small army and invading England. Rumours of this army's size terrified Stephen's supporters, although in truth the force was very small. However, Henry was defeated twice in battle, and with no money to pay his soldiers, Henry asked his uncle Robert, the first Earl of Gloucester for help but was turned away. Maud was finally forced to return to France, following the death of Robert of Gloucester.

Children
Besides Eustace, Stephen and his queen, Matilda, had two other sons, Baldwin, who died sometime before 1135, and William, who became Count of Mortain and Boulogne and Earl of Surrey or Warenne. They also had two daughters, Matilda and Marie of Boulogne. In addition to these children, Stephen had at least three illegitimate children.

Death and Legacy
Stephen kept an uneasy hold on the throne for the rest of his life. In 1150 Stephen stepped down as ruler of Boulogne, and in 1151, his son and heir Eustace took over. However, Eustace died in 1153, and it was after this that he agreed a compromise with Empress Matilda so that her son Henry would be the next king of England. On 25 October 1154 Stephen died in Dover. He was buried in Faversham Abbey, which he had founded in 1147. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle said this about Stephen's reign:

 * "In the days of this King there was nothing but strife, evil, and robbery, for quickly the great men who were traitors rose against him. When the traitors saw that Stephen was a good-humoured, kindly, and easy-going man who inflicted no punishment, then they committed all manner of horrible crimes . . . And so it lasted for nineteen years while Stephen was King, till the land was all undone and darkened with such deeds, and men said openly that Christ and his angels slept".

The Chronicle said of The Anarchy, "this and more we suffered nineteen winters for our sins".

Matilda (or Maud) (1141)

Empress Maud is the title by which Matilda, the only daughter and second child of King Henry I of England, is known. This is because Matilda was a very common name at the time, and this way we can tell her apart. Matilda is the Latin form of the name "Maud". She was the first ever female ruler of England.

Life
Matilda (also later known as the 'Empress Maud'), daughter of Henry I, was the only remaining legitimate heir to the throne after her brother William Atheling drowned in the White Ship disaster of 1120. At the age of eight, she was sent to Germany as the future bride of Henry V, the Holy Roman emperor. They married when she was 12. Matilda was involved in government from a young age – for example, left in charge of affairs in Italy in her husband's absence. When Henry died in 1125, Matilda returned to England, keeping the title 'empress' – an indication of her innate arrogance. In 1127, the English nobles swore to accept her as Henry I's successor, but her marriage the following year to Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou, didn't help her cause: the Angevins and Normans were long-time enemies. Her failure to win over many leading nobles forced them into the arms of her cousin Stephen, who was proclaimed king on Henry's death. She did have one key supporter, her half-brother Robert of Gloucester, and at his suggestion, she crossed the Channel in 1139 in pursuit of her claim. The ensuing civil war tore England apart for the next 14 years. Matilda's main chance to seize the crown came after Stephen was captured at Lincoln in 1141 – she declared herself 'Lady of the English' and was elected queen at Winchester on 8 April. But she alienated potential support in London by her arrogance and by her refusal to consider a demand for tax cuts. In less than three months, she was chased out of town. After Stephen was restored to the throne, Matilda evaded capture twice: at Winchester by riding away astride a horse; and at Oxford Castle by crossing ice and snow in white clothing. In 1148, finally realising that she would never truly be queen, she retreated to Normandy. When her son – hitherto known as 'Henry FitzEmpress' – became king as Henry II, in 1154, she ruled the duchy in his absence. She died 13 years later, in Rouen.

Death and Legacy
She retired to Rouen, in Normandy. She intervened in the arguments between her eldest son Henry and her second son Geoffrey, but peace between the brothers was brief. Geoffrey rebelled against Henry twice before his sudden death in 1158. Maud died at Rouen on 10 September 1167, and was buried in the cathedral there. Her epitaph reads, "Here lies the daughter, wife and mother of Henry".


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Ukrainian

Слов’янські фальшиві друзі в українській мові

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Ukrainian


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Russian

Ложные друзья слависта в русском языке

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Russian


text: False Friends of the Slavist/Belarusian

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Belarusian


text:
User talk:63.19.97.30

Hi,

The names of the pages you are crating are not acceptable. This is probably someone elses mistake. It looks like you are following the links on the Mario Bros. 3 page. Whoever crated that page got them wrong. I have fixed them so please refresh the page and use the new links. Thanks, Gerard Foley 23:27, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:63.19.97.30


text:
Talk:Drugs:Fact and Fiction/General

Neutral Point of View
I don't know where to start with this section at all. This is deliberately taking on the viewpoint that it is acceptable to experiment with drugs. There are acceptable realms for pharmaceutical experimentation, and clinical trials for many drugs. Of course this is my point of view that I feel needs to be addressed as well, but there is no reason to conduct amature clinical trials on drugs with well known side effects that are used in the often illicit drug trade. Encouraging people to conduct these amature clinical trials is going to simply get people killed, especially when some substances have no known safe limits.

They might as well conduct amature nuclear fission research in their backyard as well, for all the good it is going to do for them and their neighbors. --Rob Horning 03:48, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * It is acceptable to experiment with drugs, if you research into it before doing so. There are plenty of sites on the net that set out recommended threshold doses, experiences, side effects (Good and bad), and health effects. Comparing it to nuclear fission is asinine as thats extreme exaggeration.

 * This article is telling users to use things responsibly instead of experimenting without proper knowledge. - Floydian 07:49, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

I agree with Rob that this article has a huge problem. However taking on the viewpoint that it is not acceptable to experiment with drugs is also not a NPOV. I've tried to add my 5c although I hate this article. I've seen my cousin and the son of a friend ruin their lives because of drugs. But censorship is not the answer, and thats what deletion would do. Lets try pad this rubbish with some facts, and hopefully scare anybody off from actualy trying. The facts behind drugs should be enough to scare people off. --User:Mig77

 * There is a reason why drug research is heavily monitored and controlled by formal certification by the FDA (& DEA) in the USA, and similar agencies in other countries. This is a very dangerous proposition, and many of the chemicals that are used in the production of drugs (even recreational drugs) can be very hazardous.  Meth lab cleanup is increasingly a huge issue, where many police officers have been coming down with fatal illnesses due to improper handling of the materials after a drug bust.  This usually takes some very specialized training and the proper cleanup of a single meth lab can cost millions of dollars.  House fires are common and even explosions that rip out a building with significant damage to neighboring buildings and homes.  And other drug processing (like cocaine) is also equally dangerous, but not done as often on a local level.

 * If you could clean up some of the "red-flags" (words like "dangerous" and the "strong enforcement" which will only alienate rather than inform). It could concievably be worked into the article. --Mig77 10:52, 9 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It is for that reason I compare what is happening with experimental drug use to nuclear fission research, as they are both equally dangerous from this standpoint. Fine, this is a POV, but experimentation even on the level that is suggested by this article is contrary to laws and even common sense based on a lifetime of certified medical personnel that have to deal with the unfortunate consequences of this sort of experimentation.  Very few of the people who are going to try and follow the guidelines on this page are realistically going to follow recommended threshold doses, as the recommended dose is absolutely none for most of these drugs.  And unfortunately there is a large body of research material which is available to a bonified medical researcher simply due to the number of individuals who try this experimentation at home, usually with disasterous results.  --Rob Horning 05:29, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Sorry Rob, but I think your comparison to nuclear-fission is rubbish. Firstly a drug user generaly harms only himself. Granted the manufacture may be dangerous, but would you then support the "abuse" of legal drugs, manufactured by a large multinational pharmasutical company, formaly certified by the FDA (& DEA). I took a hint about your medical personel comment and added a section. I think were making progress, but it still sickens me. --Mig77 10:52, 9 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I said nothing about large pharmasutical companies and that is a seperate issue that has seperate political implications. The current drug patent laws ensure that only the largest drug companies are going to be involved with these trials.  There is no reason why a small group of doctors and nurses working out of a small-town hospital couldn't do the same thing except for BS regulations designed to support large drug companies.  Legal experimentation should be available for people who are interested, but it ought to be done according to strict scientific criteria, not the whimsical notions of a random drug user.  BTW, I feel the same way about nuclear fission research, and think there are many things that could be developed with nuclear materials which aren't, simply because too many people are irrationally scared of the "boogyman" of use of the word "nuclear".  Some regulations are necessary, but I think the current arrangements are way too far. As far as drug users only harming themselves, that is a big heap of rubbish in itself.  Besides the permanent damage that they do to themselves that their familes and "loved ones" have to deal with in terms of after effects, long term risks of exposure to these drugs can be a nightmare as well.  And pregent women who ingest many of these illicit drugs give their unborn babies a hellish introduction to this world.  If you want to see something scary, try to look at a newborn baby who is already addicted to cocaine or meth, and then suggest that drug use only affect the person who uses the drugs. For myself in terms of a personal health code (and a strong POV), I avoid all mind altering chemicals that I can.  Besides the general collection of illicit drugs, I also abstain from alcohol and tobacco, and even use as little asprin or caffine as possible (Coca-cola being my prefered form of caffine).  I'm down to about 3 cans/month, and I'm trying to cut back.  There are legitimate uses for drugs, but they are far too often abused even by trained doctors who know better.  For the times you need them, though, they are invaluable and have been documented to be incredibly useful.  I believe that canibis is one of those drugs that under very limited circumstances could be useful, but due to idiots who don't know their own limitations abuse a plant that would otherwise be considered a noxious weed.  --Rob Horning 07:01, 10 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Rob, you are write very well (much better than I), consider adding a less loaded version of the effects on others especialy newborns, to the actual book. I have no idea how to phrase that with a NPOV though. Also a paragraph on toxic dosages i.e. More than x mg of substance y is fatal may help stop somebody doing something stupid. Perhaps some references to clinical trails would be of value. (e.g. Doses of x mg of y shown to cause cancer.)

btw. I am a non-smoking, non-drinking, vegetarian, who only takes prescription medication (i.e. not even asprin). Keen to work on my caffeen "addiction" too (about 3 cappucinos a month.) --Mig77 11:59, 10 March 2006 (UTC)

 * A was stated before, censorship is not the answer. What is the answer is providing facts.  What it appears the author is trying to do is to provide a "users guide" of a sort.  Not a definitive answer book, but rather a high-level conceptual guide.  Now, with that said, we have the following questions to answer before deciding to delete.  1) Are the format and intent of this book/article compatible with Wikibooks?  2) Is the subject one on which neutrality can be maintained? (I think it is...) 3) Is there a sufficient factual basis supporting what the author is writing?
 * For item 1) I've seen nobody address this question. I don't consider myself knowledgeable enough to give an opinion.
 * For item 2) I believe that, if skillfully done, one can in fact maintain neutrality on this issue.
 * For item 3) So far I've seen lots of claims that there is sufficient contradictory information. But, nobody has provided article names, web links or other information that can lead to a resolution of the question of the facts.
 * Going forward, my personal preference is that item 1) be answered directly, and if the answer is "no" then the route is clear. Remove it. 'nuff said.  If the answer is "yes" then proceed to debating items 2 and 3, but support your statements with hard facts where sources are cited.
 * Well I'm done rambling -- Jason C Daniels 22:56, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

same issue different subnetwork
The core issue here isn't that information like this shouldn't be here, it is that for it to be here it should be accompanying everything else. To get a sense of how lucidly I mean this, check out the Psychonaut article on wikipedia. Pay close attention to the edit history.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychonaut

People are going to use drugs whether we tell them about them or not. What we can do and what some might argue that we have a rsponsibility to do is to provide the theoretical framework that does justify that use ethically and spiritually. That means digging way deeper than the superficiality of this article. As one far end of a mpov circuit, this is mostly good information. The problem is the missing center, which is about Ethics and serious knowledge about what one is getting into. Then, for balance, a few other corners ought to be pulled up around that center, including the more dire legality and addiction and harm warnings.

For people like myself, this is exactly the kind of emberassing thing which gives the entire movement a bad name. I managed to change the Psychonaut Article on Wikipedia drastically, but it still needs a lot of work. For an evolving conversation over the topic, THINKSTARSHIP/Psychonautics

This article needs a complete do-over
... which is actually relevant to its (supposed) intention of seperating fact and fiction in the confusing and clouded world of drugs. In my opinion most of the module could be safely deleted, especially tripe like this:

"With the exception of Marijuana, all drugs should be gradually introduced so that you become familiar with their effects, dosages, and how to react to them. Nobody takes three hits of Acid their first time."

I'd suggest, if this doesn't get seriously cleaned up soon, the whole article should be scrapped. --138.217.48.53 11:02, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Drugs:Fact and Fiction/General


text:
User talk:Mathewjoseph22~enwikibooks

Blanking of Pro Engineer pages
You blanked the Pro Engineer:Datum planes, Pro Engineer:Datum planes, Pro Engineer:Datum points pages, that is, you removed all content from them. In Pro Engineer:Datum points, it seems that you blanked your own page. However, I know not whether you made the other two pages, because the user who did that was not logged in.

I wanted to know why you blanked the pages. Should I revert or delete these pages? That is, should I restore the pages to how they looked before you blanked them, or should I have the pages deleted so that links to them become red again? --Kernigh 04:49, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

I understand now. You copied the pages from PTC's online help, so they were copyright violations. I have deleted the three pages (including Pro Engineer:Datum curves) now. --Kernigh 17:37, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Mathewjoseph22. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Mathewjoseph22~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:26, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:14, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mathewjoseph22~enwikibooks


text:
Modern Greek/Reading Exercises/Reading 01

=Reading=

Ένας γέρος
Στου καφενείου του βοερού το μέσα μέρος σκυμένος στο τραπέζι κάθετ' ένας γέρος· με μίαν εφημερίδα εμπρός του, χωρίς συντροφιά.

Και μες στων άθλιων γηρατειών την καταφρόνεια σκέπτεται πόσο λίγο χάρηκε τα χρόνια που είχε και δύναμη, και λόγο, κι ομορφιά.

Ξέρει πως γέρασε πολύ· το νοιώθει, το κοιτάζει. Κ' εν τούτοις ο καιρός που ήταν νέος μοιάζει σαν χθες. Τι διάστημα μικρό, τι διάστημα μικρό.

Και συλλογιέται η Φρόνηση πώς τον εγέλα· και πώς την εμπιστευόταν πάντα -- τι τρέλλα! -- την ψεύτρα που έλεγε· «Αύριο. Έχεις πολύ καιρό».

Θυμάται ορμές που βάσταγε· και πόση χαρά θυσίαζε. Την άμυαλή του γνώση καθ' ευκαιρία χαμένη τώρα την εμπαίζει.

....Μα απ' το πολύ να σκέπτεται και να θυμάται ο γέρος εζαλίστηκε. Κι αποκοιμάται στο καφενείο ακουμπισμένος στο τραπέζι.

Κωνσταντίνος Π. Καβάφης (1897)

An old man is sitting, bent over the table in the back of the noisy coffeehouse, a newspaper in front of him, companionless.

And in the despair of miserable old age, he thinks how little he enjoyed the years when he was strong and beautiful, and had a say in things.

He knows he's very old; he can feel it and see it. Still the time when he was young seems like yesterday. What a short time, what a short time.

And he thinks what a trick Prudence has played on him; how he trusted her -- what folly! -- and how she lied when she said, "Tomorrow. There's always tomorrow."

He remembers the passions he controlled, and the joys he passed by. Now those lost opportunities mock his foolish wisdom.

But all that thinking and remembering makes him dizzy, and he falls asleep in the coffeehouse, bent over the table.


text:
Chinese Tractor Maintenance/TY395

This TY395 engine is used in the Jinma 3540 tractor. The TY395 engine is also used by the TM Task Master TM438. It is also used in the 30HP NorTrac Bulldozer which is a re-badged Yuchai or Guilin (Yuchai is the predecessor of Guilin).

It is a 3 cylinder, 4 stroke, water cooled diesel engine produced by Jiangsu Jiang Dong Group Company, LTD.

The "E" version of the engine (TY395E) is EPA Tier II certified. It is based on the TY395I engine with better fuel injection and Exhaust Gas Return system. This engine is rated as 30HP and 35HP engine. The engine produces 30 hp at 2000RPM.

There are three versions of the E engine: TY395E1, TY395E2 and TY395E3. The differences between these engines are given in the "Specifications" section.

=== SpecificHorsepower

The HorsePower specifications of the E series engines follow:

The Engine Torque of the "E" series engines follows:

The specifications common to all of the "E" series engines follows:

The torques for some engine bolts (per factory engine manual) are as follows:

Maintenance Schedule
X hours
 * Check engine oil level, add oil as needed
 * Check coolant level, add 50/50 coolant mixture add as needed
 * Check for oil and water leaks (easiest while engine is running).

50?/100? hours
 * Change engine oil
 * Change engine oil filter
 * Check cylinder head bolt torque ( do not loosen).
 * Check valve clearance and adjust if needed.
 * Check tention of V-belt

500 hours
 * Perform 100 hour maintenance
 * Check fuel injector pressure
 * Clean fuel injectors
 * Check cylinder compression. Re-seat the valves if needed.
 * Check the advance angle of the fuel injection timing.
 * Check torque of
 * Connection rod bolts
 * Main bearing bolts
 * Cover bolts
 * Flywheel bolts
 * Change oil in fuel pump.
 * Change coolant
 * Check crank shaft seal. Replace if leaking.

2000 hours
 * Overhaul fuel pump.

Valve Clearance
TY395 Valve clearance adjustment and head bolt re-torque procedure.

Click on the arrows below to see a full size picture with details.

Disconnect the de-compression rod at back of valve cover. Do this by removing the cotter pin and sliding out the pin. Remove the three acorn nuts, washers and rubber seals on top of valve cover. Remove the valve cover to expose the rocker arms, adjusters, and head bolts. Remove the 4 rocker arm nuts by loosening each one a little at a time as the rocker arm is under extreme pressure by the valve springs. Once the 4 nuts are removed lift off the rocker arm assembly and set it aside on a clean surface.

Re-torque the head bolts to your engines specs ~ 125 foot pounds. Using the pattern as indicated in the photo. Re-install the rocker arm assembly tightening each nut a little at a time to re-compress the springs and so that is goes straight down evenly and does not bind. Tighten the rocker arm nuts to 65 foot pounds.

In order to adjust the valve clearance you must find Top Dead Center for each cylinder one at a time. You must keep the engine from starting or even trying to start – Turn off Fuel at fuel bowl, Pull and tie back the fuel cut off, Place transmission in neutral and set the parking brake. If you so desire you can also loosen the glow plugs to de-compress the engine doing this makes it much easier to rotate the engine.

Rotate Engine clockwise using ratchet wrench on the Alternator nut to find TDC.

Start with the number one cylinder - the one closest to the radiator. Rotate the engine clockwise while observing the intake valve, when the valve opens then closes all the way you are now at Bottom dead center for that cylinder. Mark the crank shaft pulley with a piece of tape then rotate an additional 180 degrees this will be very near top dead center on the compression stroke. At this point you can now set the intake .014" and exhaust .016" valve clearance for the number one cylinder. Check gap with feeler gauge between rocker and the top of the valve. To adjust loosen the locking nut on opposite side and with a screwdriver turn in or out the adjuster to achieve the proper valve clearance. Once proper clearance is obtained hold the adjusting screw with a screwdriver while tightening the locking nut re check clearance and repeat as needed until the clearance is correct and the locking nut is tight. Now repeat the entire process for the number 2 and number 3 cylinders making sure to find top dead center on the compression stroke for each cylinder.

Once complete replace the valve cover making sure the de-compression assembly fits properly into the decompression rod on the rocker arm assemble. Reattach the decompression rod on the outside of the valve cover and replace the cotter pin. Check for proper decompression lever operation then replace the three rubber seals, washers and acorn nuts on top of the valve cover. --GuglioLS 03:54, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Decompression system
The decompression system is used to aid in starting a cold engine or an engine with a weak battery. It is used to release the compression in the engine cylinders so that the starter can turn the engine over with ease. If the engine is a difficult starter even when the air temperature is warm it can be useful. Use of the decompression system can also prolong the life of the starter.

(TBS: describe compression release mechanism hardware).

The decompression system is useful during maintenance to allow turning over the engine by hand to a desired position.

Injectors
Injectors used for a Benye Motor Model TY395lT include:
 * Injector Part Number PF68S19

Lubrication System
Original oil filter is the JX85100A.

Task Master TM438
Hydraulic Reservoir is same as Transmission Reservoir. Mesh Screen Filter can be found in long metal cylinder tube under tractor beneath seat.

Hydraulic Pump Type CBN-E314A : Right - Long Lifting Hydraulic Steering Pump CBN-E306A Mesh Screen Filter Part # 304.58A.016

As of August 2011 parts can still be obtained for the Task Master through Circle G Tractor Sales Lakeview Equipment Sales

Oil Filter
The original oil filter is the JX85100A or JX0811.

Oil filters that have been used by tractor owners for this engine are:
 * NAPA FIL1515 (Gold filter has 35% more filter paper than Proselect filter NAPA SFI21515)
 * NAPA SFI21515 (ProSelect)
 * Walmart ST 8

Oil Filters used on a Benye Engine Model TY3951T include:
 * NAPA Gold 1768, WIX 33358, FRAM P7513

Fuel Filter
Fuel filters that have been used by tractor owners with this engine are:
 * NAPA FIL3195 (gold)

Fuel Filters used on a Benye Engine Model TY395lT include:
 * NAPA Gold 3358, WIX 51768, FRAM PH6923/PH2842

Air Filter
Air filters that have been successfully used by tractor owners with this engine are:
 * NAPA FIL6284
 * FRAM AIR FILTER CA3245

Hydraulic Filter
Hydraulic Filters used on a Benye Engine Model TY395lT include:
 * NAPA Gold 1247, WIX 51247, Fram P6485

title: Chinese Tractor Maintenance/TY395


text:
Cascading Style Sheets/Pattern

Introducing the (X)HTML Document Tree
The document hierarchy of an (X)HTML document can be likened to a family tree. This can be seen if we take a look at a basic example: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">

If we present the above example in a different way, the relationships and hierarchy of the elements becomes immediately apparent.

html |       body |       div /\       /  \     img    p

In describing the tree/hierarchy in this example we can say that the  element is a child of the   element, just as   is a child of   and   and   are both children of   and siblings to each other. is the ancestor of  as   is indirectly descended from.

Targeting Elements within the Hierarchy
Suppose we were to create a rule such as. This would cause each paragraph throughout the document to be in blue. However, if we want to be a bit more "picky" about which elements are affected we can define the context under which this rule gets applied. If only paragraphs within  elements should be in blue the rule needs to be. Now, say that only paragraphs in one  element, defined by a certain ID are to be blue. We could then refine our target region by having.

title: Cascading Style Sheets/Pattern


text:
Talk:Modern Greek/Reading Exercises/Reading 03

=χωριό=

Untitled
Is χωριό cognate with "chorus," χορος? Χορος *is* cognate with "court," but maybe the ω versus ο in the spelling means they're unrelated?--Bcrowell 05:29, 14 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Ancient Greek χωρίον, diminutiv of χῶρος, space. Source: Ν. Π. Ανδριώτη, Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής, Θεσσαλονίκη 1967. Andreas 23:22, 15 February 2006 (UTC)

Kleftes
Translating kleftes as soldiers betrays the mood of the poem. The term kleftis has a very strong connotation of clandestine resistance to the oppressor. We have no such word in English. The American War of Independence was fought by regular soldiers organized in an army. The Greek War was (at least according to the patriotic legend) fought in the mountains by keen resistance fighters. A soldier at that time would be an αρματολός. See: http://pegasos.fhw.gr/chronos/12/en/1833_1897/society/facts/02.html. I would suggest fighter. Here is picture with Kleftes: Andreas 14:22, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Μάνα is different from Μαμά - mama. Μαμά is what a child calls her mother. Μάνα is used by adults, and, as an exclamation, confers strong feelings. In general, this poem is very hard to translate because it cenfers a mood that is typically Greek. Andreas 14:35, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

Help!
I am trying to teach myself from this course; it is very comprehensive, well done to everyone who helped put this together! In the subjunctive section, I came across this sentence: "The subjunctive has two forms according to the aspect being perfective or imperfective:" four questions:

1) what does subjunctive mean?

2) what does aspect mean?

3) what does perfective mean?

4) (you guessed it) what does imperfective mean?

Thankyou in advance for your help! :D Storeye (talk) 10:38, 10 February 2008 (UTC)


text:
User talk:JohnnyDude

Found this site by searching for Guitar Effects. Had no Idea I could leave a Statement! I have been messing around with Electric and Acoustic Guitars for about 20 years. Like most others, never really got the hang of it. I never had lessons. I can't read music either! But I was in a car and truck accident in 2003. I am Disabled due to a back injury. I found I have lots of time to try the guitar again. To my amazement, I think I am getting the whole Music theory now! I can now hear a song, pick up the guitar and set up the tuning quite easily. Some songs have a very delicate tuning, someare easy as pie. The trick is to find the exact settings for all the strings, for that particular song! I was never shown how to do this, I learned on my own! When you strike the strings, they sound exactly as the song! This enables you to now locate EVERY NOTE YOU HERE! It is mostly training your ear to hear the songs settings! Then I began to locate all the notes, and began studying the finger styles! Thats it! I now play a favorites list of 30 SONGS from begining to end! I was shocked at how quickly I learned once I found the proper approach! I messed around with the electric guitar at first,and developed many fingering techniques I did not even know I had learned! I now recognize little techniques in every song I play! I just was not using the correct approach! Listen to the song, Set up the strings,try to find the notes,begin to emulate the style and technique. This may be as simple as holding a note a little longer, or getting ready for a relocation on the guitar neck. If you try these steps you will begin to see what I mean. I was learning some of these things, but I was not setting up the strings properly. I have found this has endless possibilities! I am now setting up the strings on some songs that I know would be very difficult to play otherwise! I now can play along with over three hundred songs on my computer! In less than two years, this has become quite astounding! I can play lead, where as I now replace the Vocals with the Acoustic, note for note, and anyone can recognize the song after a few notes! I was shocked at first, I am still amazed at the variety of songs I can now enjoy playing! My first loves in the seventies were Yes Genesis, Pink Floyd,Jethro Tull, Robin Trower,Jefferson Airplane, The Beatles,Eric Clapton, Elton John etc.. I Now Adore Bonnie Raitt, Jessica Andrews, Miranda Lambert, Shania Twain, Leanne Rimes, Cheryl Crowe, Etc... I love music ten times more now. I am 47 years old, too old to start a band but not to old to enjoy jam sessions with friends maybe find work in a studio! Remember,give your guitar another chance, try my suggestions, you will be playing before you know it!! Enjoy!!!!! P.S Just Bought a new GS 31 Acoustic - Electric Black Takamine! Wow!!!!

title: User talk:JohnnyDude


text: Wikijunior talk:Dinosaurs/Plesiosaur

title: Wikijunior talk:Dinosaurs/Plesiosaur


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Polish

Mylące słowa słowiańskie w języku polskim

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Polish


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Lower Sorbian

Słowjańske wopacne pśijaśele w dolnoserbšćinje


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Upper Sorbian

Słowjanscy wopačni přećeljo w Hornjoserbšćinje


text: False Friends of the Slavist/Czech

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Czech


text: False Friends of the Slavist/Slovak

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Slovak


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Croatian

Slavenski lažni prijatelji u hrvatskome jeziku

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Croatian


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Bosnian

Slavenski lažni prijatelji u bosanskom jeziku

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Bosnian


text: False Friends of the Slavist/Slovenian

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Slovenian


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Bulgarian

Славянски неверни приятели на преводача в българския

Croatian; }}
 * is a true friend for about 1.5 million native speakers of Bosnian.
 * baba|
 * The Serbian meaning ‘grandmother’ (баба, бака) is shared by Bo. baba, baka.
 * The Serbian meaning ‘old woman’ is shared by R. баба, Pol. baba, Cr. baba, Bo. baba.
 * The meaning ‘pejorative of a woman’ (женска) is attested in R. баба, Pol. baba.
 * [NB: No information yet for Blr., Ukr., Ka., LSo., USo., Cz., Slk., Sln., Mk., Bg.]

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Bulgarian


text:
User:Fisheye~enwikibooks

About me:''

My name is Oz (Yes, for those who wonder - this means "courage" in Hebrew...). I am a grad student in Applied Environmental Sciences in Uni-Tuebingen, Germany.

In the past I've worked a little bit on a book "Introduction to General Oceanography". But since then I lost a lot of free time and dedicated my self to other stuff. I randomly contribute...

title: User:Fisheye~enwikibooks


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Macedonian

Словенски лажни пријатели со македонскиот јазик

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Macedonian


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Serbian

Словенски лажни другови у српском језику

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Serbian


text:
Talk:Using GNOME/Tips and tricks

Not a realy "GNOME" tip'n'trick. It's rather "how to make GNOME KDE" = how to get rid of all the good things in GNOME

title: Talk:Using GNOME/Tips and tricks


text: False Friends of the Slavist/Kashubian

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Kashubian


text:
Accountancy/Debtors

Debtors are people who have taken your stuff but have not paid for it yet. Debtors are people who "owe" you. So debtors are assets. When somebody buys something from you on credit they become your Debtor.

In this example we will sell some things to Bob on credit:

Later WHEN Bob pays us.

Note that when a bank sends you a bank statement, they show you the position from the bank's point of view, not yours. So when you have a debit position, you owe the bank money - the balance is an asset of the bank. When you are in credit, the bank owes you money

title: Accountancy/Debtors


text:
Accountancy/Creditors

Creditors are people that you owe money to. So if Example Company Ltd bought a motor car on credit, the accounting entries would be as follows:

Later we make a payment

Whew! Those repayments are going to take some time...

As we saw when we discussed with debtors, when you receive a bank statement the bank shows you the position from the bank's point of view. When you are in credit, you have the asset and you are a creditor of the bank - the account is a liability account for the bank, as it owes you money, if and when you can withdraw all your money. When you are in debit, you are a debtor to the bank, and the bank is your creditor, and your account with the bank is an accounts receivable or asset to the bank.

title: Accountancy/Creditors


text:
User talk:Fisheye~enwikibooks

Hi Oz

Just to let you know I've made some formatting adjustments to your new wikibook, Introduction to Oceanography. It's best that all the pages to the book are named in the style Introduction to Oceanography/Chapter title or Introduction to Oceanography/Chapter title/Sub-chapter title and so on. This allows for easy navigation both within Wikibooks (so we can see what chapters belong to what books, as well as within your book itself (you'll see that Introduction to Oceanography/An introduction now has a link at the top left of the page to the Introduction to Oceanography page. If you had an Introduction to Oceanography/An introduction/Further information page, there would be a link at the top left to both the Introduction to Oceanography and Introduction to Oceanography/An introduction pages.

And, of course, good luck with the book!

All the best, Jguk 12:46, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Further information
You might be interested in the following:

 * How does one edit a page
 * Start a new page
 * Help:How to start a book

If you want to experiment try Sandbox, or open up your own sandbox, User:Fisheye/Sandbox

Also, when writing on a talk page, note that if you input ~, your username and the time and date of your post will appear. All the best, Jguk 13:18, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I see you've made this edit . Is there a reason why the text can't go on Introduction to Oceanography/An introduction, or was I wrong in believing that you wanted the whole book called Introduction to Oceanography rather than Oceanography? Jguk 13:20, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Fisheye. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Fisheye~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:12, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:59, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fisheye~enwikibooks