text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Potions

Overview
Potions is the science of combining ordinary and magical substances to create potions, (usually) liquids with magical effects.

Extended Description
Not everything discussed in Potions class is, strictly speaking, a liquid. Several sections of the class are concerned with antidotes, and on a number of occasions there is mention of a Bezoar, a stone found in a goat's stomach, which has curative properties.

There are a very large number of potions mentioned through the course of the seven books. Of these, perhaps the most important are the Wolfsbane potion, which appears in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Polyjuice Potion, which Hermione first introduces us to in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, and which is then used in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, and Felix Felicis, which plays a large role in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.

Potions is taught for the first five years of Harry's schooling by Professor Snape, and in the sixth and seventh year by Professor Slughorn.

Analysis
Magic potions play a large role in Muggle ideas about magic, so it is clearly necessary that they should be a part of the Wizarding world. Their being codified and formalized into almost a science seems only proper, given what we have come to understand about them.

It is necessary for the development of Harry's character that he should not excel in all subjects, and in fact only in Defence Against the Dark Arts does Harry consistently perform to the top of his ability, when allowed to. However, particularly in Potions, Harry does not work up to the level that we expect of him. Certainly, some of this is due to unfair marking of assignments by Snape, who we see as having a bias against Gryffindor house in general, and against Harry in particular.

"...and was pleased to find that when left alone, he was able to concoct an Invigoration Draught quite easily." —Harry's opinion on how easy it was to brew the OWL-level potion

Only later in Harry's magical education does his true ability at Potions show when he is only one of twelve students able to make it to NEWT-level, having achieved an "Exceeds Expectations" in his OWL examination. It is noted that Harry has fewer problems with potions as long as Snape is not around.

Greater Picture
For the first five years, Potions is inextricably tied up with Professor Snape, and Harry's performance in that course is clearly influenced by Snape's dislike of Harry. A large part of Harry's difficulty with Potions lies in Snape's trying to force Harry into the same mold as his father, and Harry's unconscious resistance to that. In one particular case, we see that Harry's failure to correctly make a potion is due to Snape's having written the instructions on the board in a way that would cause confusion in any reader. It is clear to the reader that Snape is trying to make Harry fail, and does not care if he dooms the entire Gryffindor class at the same time.

It is noteworthy that, given a fair teacher (Slughorn) and a good instructor (the "Half-Blood Prince"'s book), Harry is capable of turning in an excellent job in Potions class, and even absent the book he is still able to do a decent enough job of it that Slughorn's suspicions are not raised. It should also perhaps be noted that Harry's mother is singled out by Slughorn as one of the best Potion students he had ever had.


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Topfield 5800/TAP Groups EPG/MyStuff/FeatureRequests

Please use this page to list Feature Requests that have been submitted to the MyStuff Forum Thread. Requests that are not on the forum will normally be removed from this page.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Principles of Finance

Introduction

 * What is Finance
 * History
 * Branches of Finance
 * Prerequisites
 * How to use this book?

Chapter 1 The Basics

 * An Overview on Money
 * Principle of Relative Valuation
 * Role of a CFO and Finance Managers
 * Is Accounting and Finance one and the same?

Chapter Financial Markets and Institutions

 * Stock Markets
 * Bond Markets
 * Money Markets
 * Derivatives Markets
 * Foreign Exchange Markets
 * Determinants of Interest Rates
 * The Federal Reserve System
 * Commercial Banks
 * Regulation of Commercial Banks

Chapter 2 The Time Value of Money

 * Introduction to Time Value of Money
 * The concept of returns
 * The Present Value of Money, Net Present Value and Discounting
 * The Opportunity Cost of Capital
 * The effect of compounding and Future Value
 * Summary

Chapter 3 Applications of Time Value of Money

 * How to make Investment Decisions?
 * All about Perpetuities
 * Annuity
 * Summary

Chapter 4 Bonds

 * Rate of Returns: Varying and Annualized
 * The Yield Curve
 * Valuing Bonds
 * The Yield to Market Curve
 * Advanced Concepts of Bonds
 * Summary

Chapter 5 Risk and Return

 * What is Risk?
 * Types of Risk
 * Risk Management
 * Summary

Chapter 6 Corporate Finance

 * Weighted Average Cost of Capital
 * Beta and its Uses
 * Return on Equity
 * Modigliani & Miller
 * Project Valuation
 * Growth Opportunity
 * Computation or Table Lookup

Chapter 7 Portfolio Theory

 * Efficient-Market Hypothesis
 * Modern Portfolio Theory
 * Capital Asset Pricing Model
 * Arbitrage pricing theory
 * Correlation Among Securities
 * Optimal Market Portfolio
 * Summary

Minor Contributions

 * Venkatesh Sridhar
 * Patrick Felton
 * Numerous Wikipedia authors whose work was copied here.

title: Principles of Finance


text:
User talk:Nstew006

Image copyright problem with Image:PPT Basics.GIF
Thanks for uploading Image:PPT Basics.GIF. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikibooks because of copyright law (see Wikibooks' Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikibooks are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information or giving false information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at the Study help desk. Thank you. Derbeth talk 09:49, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Regarding your uploaded images
Thank you for your contributions. If you upload an image and then decide not to use it, please tag the image description page with {{delete}}. To do that, you need to go to the image page, click "edit this page" and type the text,. I have done this for Image:Surface Web.JPG as it is a duplicate of Image:Surface web.jpg. Would you please tag Image:PPT Basics.GIF and Image:PPT Basics.JPG as such if you do not intend to use them?

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If you would like any help or have any questions, please feel free to contact me here or at my talk page. --Iamunknown 05:28, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nstew006


text:
User talk:Sshar229

Image copyright problem with Image:Web cam.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Web cam.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikibooks because of copyright law (see Wikibooks' Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikibooks are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information or giving false information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at the Study help desk. Thank you. Derbeth talk 09:53, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sshar229


text:
Miskito/Pagelog

List pages in order of original creation (placing new pages at the bottom of the list). The fields are: (1) page name and (2) title, and (3) signature + date stamp. Make this the first step in the creation of new pages. This will ensure that new pages are entered in this log and links are correct.

title: Miskito/Pagelog


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Principles of Finance/History

Introduction to Finance
Finance is a field of study of the relationship of three things; time, risk and money.

The Time Value of Money is one of three fundamental ideas that shape finance.

The Time Value of Money explains why, "A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow". This is primarily due to the market for loanable funds and inflation. If someone has a dollar today then they also have the opportunity to loan/invest that dollar at some interest rate. Therefore, a dollar today in time t, would be worth $1.00 plus some interest rate, i. That is more than a dollar by itself in the future. An example for inflation would be, let's say you have $1 and you can buy 10 candies today. For the same 10 candies tomorrow you have to pay $1.20. So, due to inflation, for the same 10 candies, today you pay less than you would pay tomorrow

''Inflation refers to the decrease in the purchasing power. Deflation refers to the increase in the purchasing power. In layman terms, inflation causes not the value of money to decrease but the amount of consumables/items that you can now purchase to decline in quantity. Look at the example above. $1 is still $1 but after inflation the individual can probably buy only 8 candies for the same $1 amount.''

There are two values of money. One is the Present Value of Money and the other is the Future Value of Money.

Second is the concept of "opportunity cost"; i.e. if a person deploys his money on one item or investment then he has given up the opportunity to do something else with it.

Third is the concept of risk. Let us say, I have earmarked $10,000 towards investments and I decide that I will invest in Microsoft. I put all my money in Microsoft (MSFT) all $10,000 of it. As on 5th Oct., 2006 each share of Microsoft trades at $27.94. So, I would be able to purchase 357.91 shares of MSFT. My returns are completely dependent on how MSFT stock performs in the market and this means that if a Microsoft product(i.e. Vista), fails in the marketplace, MSFT stock goes tumbling down and reduces my investment in MSFT.

Thus, Risk can be defined as the probability of my investment eroding its own self.

In equity, the risk factor is higher than in debt financing and hence as an investor I look for equity to give me higher returns as I have taken higher risk. If I buy US Treasury notes for that value, the investment is almost risk free as the US Govt. stands to guarantee it and hence the return (typically, expressed as the rate of interest) is low. The difference between the returns from equity and from debt(US Treasury, etc) is the Risk Premium.

Risk Premium is the reward given to an investor to take more risk.

Return on Investments
The concept of a return on investment is designed to balance all three perils. In finance there are actually two returns: the return of investment and the return on investment. If the investment loses money, you may be able to recover a portion of what you risked. A return on investment (hereafter "ROI", or "return") is the return that finance is primarily concerned with although the other cannot be overlooked. It implies first and foremost a 100% return of investment. In order to do so, the return must therefore

 * 1) replace the buying power lost to inflation,
 * 2) make up for and exceed the losses from other financing activities, and
 * 3) make the investment more attractive to someone than any other option, including spending the money.

Item 3 can be as objective as selecting the best ROI among many or it can be as subjective and personal as whether or not to give up the satisfaction of having dessert every night for a month. Regardless if the investor does not perceive sufficient potential for gain, the money will never change hands.

Debt Finance and Equity Finance - The Two Pillars of Modern Finance
Financing activity for most ventures are either debt financing or equity financing.

Once an investor has decided to engage in financing any business venture or project, he has three concerns to address: risk, protective claim, and return.

These three concerns are essentially hierarchical. The latter two depend on and counterbalance with the first. Higher risk is only attractive when associated with higher returns. The protective claim then acts like a fulcrum to fine tune the balance between risk and return.

Debt Financing
Debt financing. In this mode, money is borrowed, and usually the borrower (debtor) gives the lender (creditor) a promisory note. This, usually, obligated the debtor to pay back a certain defined amount at a particular and defined time in the future.

Forms of debt financing can include credit cards, mortgages, signature loans, bonds, IOUs, and HELOCs (Home Equity Lines of Credit) as examples. Treasury debt, savings bonds, corporate bonds are also forms of debt financing.

With debt financing, the creditor's return is fixed and understandable. It is, quite simply, the agreed upon interest rate for the debt. This rate can vary from a single digit rate to 25% or perhaps even 30% depending on the debtor. Risk is determined by a handful of factors the most significant usually being one's credit history. The protective claim offered to creditors in debt financing is a claim on the debtor's assets. Should the debtor fail to repay, the creditor may forcibly take possession of other debtor property and sell it, using the money to offset the loss of the loan. The claim of creditors takes priority over the claim of those who participate in equity financing.

Equity Financing
Equity financing is generally considered less certain than debt financing. Equity financing is also typically where non-cash assets such as equipment, skills, and land are invested alongside regular cash. This is the category in which we also find venture capital, shares of stock, angel investors, and more. The terms that are used to describe the equity financing relationship are more varied and, as such, will be simply dubbed equity investors. Later on, more proper names will be provided which, for the time being, are immaterial.

The return of equity financing is the claim on a business's profits; not just today's profits, but in modern companies that issue stock, all future potential profits as well. For this reason, i.e. because most personal finance does not involve the debtor making a profit, almost all of personal finance is debt financing. The exceptions will be noted shortly.

While it's true that in equity financing, the equity investor still has some claim on the business' assets, the creditor's prior claim renders this point moot from a practical standpoint. What protection, then, is offered for equity financing? The claim to management rights. As an equity investor, with a few notable exceptions, you are granted the right to do everything in your personal power along with the other equity investors to make sure that the business goes in a profitable direction.

Ratio Analysis
Ratio analysis is one core theme of business finance. To understand the concept of ratio analysis we must know that there are five basic types of ratio analysis.
 * 1) Liquidity Ratio
 * 2) Activity Ratio
 * 3) Debt Ratio
 * 4) Profitability Ratio
 * 5) Markets Ratio.

Now we discuss one by one the impacts of these ratios on the business and their implementation in the business environment.

Liquidity Ratios
In liquidity ratio analysis, there are two types of ratios:
 * Current Ratio
 * Quick (Acid-Test) Ratio.

Current Ratio
Current Ratio shows how many $1 of current assets are available for paying $1 of current liabilities of the company, firm or organization. As some financial analysts suggests that the more current assets that are available to the company, the better. But in some cases, a high current ratio may indicate too much inventory or too much in prepaid or other current assets. It could also indicate idle cash, and as a result, a poor investment strategy. A current ratio that is high is not as bad as one that is low, however a high current ratio is an indication that financial policies either do not exist or are not being implemented. A low or declining current ratio is not always bad. A declining ratio is an indicator of rising current liabilities and declining current assets. But a current ratio of 1 or less is an indication of insolvency. Further declines in the ratio could trigger collection actions on the part of creditors and send the company into bankruptcy.

Quick (Acid-Test) Ratio
The quick ratio is calculated by dividing cash by current liabilities. This is the true test of a companies ability to pay its debts. A high current ratio and a low quick ratio could indicate too much is invested in inventory or other current assets, assets that are not very liquid and therefore could not be depended on to pay current liabilities. An increase in inventory could be a signal that sales have fallen, production has slowed and management should take action to prevent any damage to the financial condition of the company. Both ratios should be analyzed together to get the correct picture of the companies financial health.

title: Principles of Finance/History


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Talk:Technologies for Rural Development

The goal of this project is to create a book or a series of books that could be used to educate children about processes and technologies that can improve the lives of people in poor or disadvantaged communities, while respecting their local environment.

When working on this project, remember that it is aimed at children. It must be simple and easily understood while being quite accurate. Use technical vocabulary when you need to, but don't use big words where simpler language would work. The goal of this project is to create a book or a series of books that could be used to educate children about the processes that can improve the lives of people from poor or disadvantaged communities, while respecting their local environment.

If you have any suggestions feel free to add them here. --MJBT 12:38, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

"Rural" "UnderDeveloped" "Poor" ?
Just a suggestion: There are significant efforts underway in "Developed" countries such as the USA, based on Rural environments and Rural concerns. Many of the Technologies developed in an earlier era (and now being re-developed and improved)are directly applicable to other "Rural" environments. This is especially true in the Energy area. Many efforts, such as efficient cook stoves and wood-powered engines for irrigation and electricity generation, are international efforts. So perhaps this subject could include efforts in 'developed' countries, as appropriate..

Regards, Terry King ..On the South China Sea in Shekou terry@terryking.us

title: Talk:Technologies for Rural Development


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Miskito/Notebook

The function of this page is as a repository for any odd bits, pieces and snippets that will possibly be of use further along in the construction of the course. At the beginning of this page there are some "dummy" (sub)sections for editors to use as time-saving devices when setting up new pages or sections. At the end of this page are possible lesson sections or subsections. Other stuff can be placed in the middle (in the "other stuff" section).

title: Miskito/Notebook


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Horticulture/Malacosoma americanum

The Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Malacosoma americanum) is a social species of caterpillar that forms communal nests in the branches of trees. It is sometimes confused with the gypsy moth (../Lymantria dispar/), or the fall webworm and may be erroneously referred to as a bagworm which is the common name applied to unrelated caterpillars in the family Psychidae. The moths oviposit almost exclusively on trees in the plant family Rosaceae, particularly cherries (Prunus) and apple (Malus). The caterpillars are hairy with areas of blue, white, black and orange. The blue and white colors are mechanical colors created by the selective filtering of light by microtubules that arise on the cuticle.

In terms of complexity of interactions, the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum, stands near the pinnacle of caterpillar sociality. The adult moth lays her eggs in a single batch in late spring or early summer. The egg masses contain on average 200-300 eggs. Embryogenesis proceeds rapidly and within three weeks fully formed caterpillars can be found within the eggs. But the small caterpillars lie quiescent until the following spring, chewing their way through the shells of their eggs just as the buds of the host tree begins to expand.

The newly hatched caterpillars initiate the construction of a silk tent soon after emerging. They typically aggregate at the tent site for the whole of their larval life, expanding the tent each day to accommodate their increasing size. Under field conditions, the caterpillars feed three times each day, just before dawn, in the evening after sunset, and at mid afternoon. During each bout of feeding the caterpillars emerge from the tent, add silk to the structure, move to distant feeding sites en masse, feed, then return immediately to the tent where they rest until the next activity period. The exception to this pattern occurs in the last instar when the caterpillars feed only at night. The caterpillars lay down pheromone trails to guide their movements between the tent and feeding sites. The insect has six larval instars. When fully grown, the caterpillars disperse and construct cocoons in protected places. The adults emerge about two weeks later. Mating and oviposition typically occur on the same day as the moths emerge from their cocoons and being completely spent the females die soon thereafter.

The tent of the eastern tent caterpillar is among the largest built by any tent caterpillar. The tents are constructed in the crotch of the host tree and are typically oriented so that the broadest face of the structure faces the southeast, taking advantage of the morning sun. The caterpillars typically add silk to the structure at the onset of each of their daily activity periods. Silk is added directly to the surface of the tent as the caterpillars walk back and forth over the structure. The silk is laid down under slight tension and it eventually contracts, causing the newly spun layer of silk to separate from the previously spun layer. The tent thus consists of discrete layers separated by gaps within which the caterpillars rest. The tent has openings that allow the caterpillars to enter and exit the structure. Openings are formed where branches jut from the structure but are most common at the apex of the tent.

Light has a great effect on the caterpillars while they are spinning and they always spin the majority of their silk on the most illuminated face of the tent. Indeed, if under experimental conditions the dominant light source is directed at the tent from below, the caterpillars will build their tent upside down. Caterpillars continue to expand their tent until they enter the last phase of their larval life. The sixth-instar caterpillar conserves its silk for cocoon construction and adds nothing to the tent. The tents are multifunctional. They facilitate basking, offer some protection from enemies, provide for secure purchase, and act as a staging site from which the caterpillars launch en masse forays to distant feeding sites. The elevated humidity inside the tent may facilitate molting.

Eastern tent caterpillars are among the earliest of caterpillars to appear in the spring. Because the early spring weather is often cold, the caterpillars rely on the heat of the sun to elevate their body temperatures to levels that allow them to digest their food. Studies show that below 15°C (59°F) the caterpillars are unable to process the food in their guts. Early instars of the tent caterpillar are black and their bodies readily absorb the rays of the sun. When basking, the caterpillars typically pack together tightly, reducing heat loss due to convective currents. The long setae that occur on the caterpillars also serve to stem convective heat loss. The caterpillars may aggregate on the surface of the tent or within the structure. The tents act as miniature glass houses, trapping the heat of the morning sun and allowing the caterpillars to warm more quickly than they would if they remained outside the tent. Studies have shown that basking, aggregated caterpillars can achieve temperature excesses of as much as 44°C. Indeed, the caterpillars can easily overheat and they must take evasive action when they become too hot.

Because of its layered structure, the tent is thermally heterogeneous and the caterpillars can adjust their temperature by moving from layer to layer. The caterpillars may also aggregate on the outside of the shaded side of the tent and hang from the tips of their abdomens to enhance convective heat loss and cooling.

As shown for some other caterpillars, eastern tent caterpillars are capable of generating a small amount of metabolic heat while they digest their meals. When recently fed caterpillars pack tightly together, the temperature of the caterpillars in the interior of the mass may be several degrees Celsius above ambient temperature even in the absence of a radiant heat source. It is unclear whether this small heat gain has a significant effect on the rate of caterpillar growth.

Tent caterpillars, like many other species of social caterpillars, vigorously thrash the anterior part of their bodies when they detect predators and parasitoids. Such bouts of thrashing, which may be initiated by a single caterpillar, radiate rapidly though the colony and may result in group displays involving dozens of caterpillars. Such displays create a moving target for tachinid flies, wasps and other small parasitoids that lay their eggs on or in the body of the caterpillar. They also clearly deter stink bugs and other timid predators. Groups of caterpillars resting on the surface of the tent constitute aposematic displays. Few birds other than the cuckoo find the hairy caterpillars palatable. The leaves of the cherry tree are cyanogenic and the caterpillars regurgitate cyanide ladened juices when disturbed.

Tent caterpillars secrete silk from a spinneret wherever they go and frequently used pathways soon bear conspicuous silk trails. As the caterpillars move about the tree, they largely confine their movements to these trails. Curiously, it is not the silk that they follow but a trail pheromone secreted from the posterior tip of their abdomen. Caterpillars deposit exploratory trails by dragging the tip of their abdomen as they move over the tree in search of food. Caterpillars that find food and feed overmark the exploratory trails they follow back to the tent, creating recruitment trails. Recruitment trails are much more attractive to the caterpillars than exploratory trails and they serve to lead hungry caterpillars directly to the newest food finds. It is possible for a single successful forager to recruit the entire colony to its food find.

The exact identity of the trail pheromone of the eastern tent caterpillar has not yet been determined but the chemical 5β-cholestane-3-one has been shown to be fully competitive with the authentic trail pheromone. Caterpillars readily follow trails of this chemical, even abandoning their own trails in favor of artificial trails prepared with the compound.

The eastern tent caterpillar is of some importance as a plant pest since it may defoliate ornamental trees. Defoliated trees, however, rarely suffer significant damage and typically refoliate within several weeks. More seriously, the caterpillar has been implicated in mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS), but the exact mechanism by which the caterpillar triggers abortion in horses has yet to be determined.

Symptoms and Signs
Symptoms include severe defoliation of the host plant. The sign is the easily recognizable tents made by the colonies.

Host plants

 * ../Acer/
 * ../Alnus/
 * ../Betula/
 * ../Hamamelis/
 * ../Malus/
 * ../Prunus/
 * ../Salix/

title: Horticulture/Malacosoma americanum


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XForms/Outline Editor

Motivation
Sometimes you want to allow a user to be able to add properties to a list that change the appearance of the item in the list. In this example, the level of indentation is controlled by an attribute in a list called the "level" which is the indentation level in an outline view.

Note: This program was based on an example Kurt Cagle posted on the Mozilla XForms developer news group. This example posted with his permission.

Link to working Program
Tree Editor

Sample Program
Here is a sample outline-editor program. If you want to test this, be sure to use the edit view to copy the text. This file includes several tab characters that do not display correctly in the view mode.

Discussion
The structure of this program uses custom events. Note that in the model there are a series of actions, each with their own event name:

These events are called directly inside of a trigger like this:

Note that the target attribute is the name of the model that the events are located.

Although actions can be tucked directly into a trigger, sometimes action are more logically grouped with instance data and should be placed directly in the model. This also allows other events need to reuse these actions, so it is a good ideal to put reuseable actions directly in a model

title: XForms/Outline Editor


text:
Cookbook:Surinamese Chicken Pot Pie (Pastei)

| Cuisine of Suriname

Pastei is a very old dish and was brought to Suriname by the Jewish settlers. It is a simple dish made from chicken, carrots and peas, and closely resembles chicken pot pie. It is served best with plain white rice.

Dough

 * 200 g butter or margarine
 * 250 g flour
 * 2 dl (200 ml) cold water
 * 2 tsp baking powder
 * 1 tsp salt

Filling

 * 3 large pieces of chicken (drumstick, thigh, breast, etc.)
 * 1 large onion, finely chopped
 * 150 g butter or margarine
 * Salt or bouillon cubes to taste
 * 1 fresh chile pepper or bell pepper (optional)
 * 1 bay leaf
 * Whole allspice
 * 1–2 cans of peas and carrots
 * 2 large tomatoes
 * 1 piece of young celery, chopped
 * 3 pickles, chopped
 * 2 tbsp ketchup
 * 1 tsp Worcestershire sauce (optional)
 * 1 tbsp piccalilli (mustard can be substituted)
 * 3 hard boiled eggs

Dough

 * 1) Cream the butter with an electric mixer or a wooden spoon. Keep adding little bits of the water until the butter has absorbed it all.
 * 2) Sift the flour, baking powder and the salt all together and add this through the butter gradually. To see if the dough is rollable, press your finger on it and if the dough doesn't stick to it, it's fine. However, if the dough does stick, add about 25 more grams of flour.
 * 3) Divide the dough in half, then roll out each piece.
 * 4) Line a buttered baking pan or aluminum foil pan with one sheet of dough. Press the dough to the corners of the pan so that as much filling as possible can go in.

Filling

 * 1) Wash the chicken if necessary.
 * 2) Simmer the chicken, 100 g butter, some of the chopped onion, 2–3 bouillon cubes, fresh pepper, bay leaf, and some allspice in about 1–1½ cups of water for 30 minutes.
 * 3) Remove the chicken, and strip it into little pieces, discarding the bones.
 * 4) Put the rest of the butter in the broth in which the chicken had been boiled.
 * 5) Heat a little oil in a frying pan, then add the remaining chopped onion.
 * 6) Add the chicken. After a minute add the chopped tomatoes, the peas and carrots, and the celery. Every so often, add a little bit of the chicken broth to the pan so that it won't burn.
 * 7) Add the chopped pickles.
 * 8) After all the broth has been added and the whole seems good, taste to see if it has enough salt; if not, add some. Cool slightly, then mix in the ketchup and Worcestershire sauce.
 * 9) Transfer the chicken mixture to the dough-lined pan until it is nicely filled.
 * 10) Slice the boiled eggs and place them on top of the filling in the pan.
 * 11) Top the mixture with the second sheet of dough. Seal the edges as best as possible.
 * 12) Put the pastei in a preheated oven, and bake for about ¾ hour.
 * 13) A few minutes before you take it out of the oven, you can lightly brush the top with some whisked egg to make the top shiny and a little crisp.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * If you're on a tight schedule, store-bough puff pastry works just as well, so you can use that instead of making your own dough.


text:
Horticulture/Salix matsudana

The Chinese Willow (Salix matsudana), also known as the Hankow Willow or Globe Willow, is a tree or shrub native to northwestern China. The species is named in honour of Sadahisa Matsudo, a Japanese botanist.

Many botanists treat Salix matsudana as a synonym of the Peking Willow (Salix babylonica), which despite its botanical name is also native to northern China. The only reported difference between the two is that S. matsudana has two nectaries in each female flower, whereas S. babylonica has only one; however this character is not reliable in many willows (e.g. Crack Willow can have either one or two).

Description
It is a medium-sized to large deciduous tree, growing up to 20-25 m tall. It is upright and grows rapidly, but has a short lifespan. It has narrow, light green leaves, around 4-10 cm long and 1-2 cm broad. The flowers are catkins produced early in the spring; it is dioecious, with the male and female catkins on separate trees.

Varieties

 * 'Austree' - Very fast growing, generally used for screens
 * 'Tortuosa' (Corkscrew Willow) - Twisted, spiralling stems and branches, sometimes grown for florists' materiel.
 * 'Golden Curls' - A hybrid with ../Salix alba/ selected for disease resistance.
 * 'Scarlet Curls' - A hybrid with ../Salix alba/ selected for disease resistance.
 * 'Navajo' - A hybrid with ../Salix alba/ selected for disease resistance.

Uses
Chinese Willow has been introduced into many areas as an ornamental tree, including Australia, Europe and North America. It is also planted for erosion control on streambanks, and as a source for pulp and lumber.

The corkscrew willows are grown as a florists' crop.

Maintenance
Fast growth and weak wood mean that the plant should be pruned regularly to avoid breakups in wind storms. The plant can be coppiced or pollarded.

Propagation
Propagagtion is primarily through cuttings or ../Stake Planting/.

Harvest
For floral uses, the branches are generally cut in the winter, as the leaves are not considered ornamental. The branches will leaf out in the vase if not properly dried out before use.

Pests and Diseases
This species is very susceptible to canker and wind damage. See ../Salix/ for an extensive list of pests and diseases.

title: Horticulture/Salix matsudana


text:
Cookbook:Surinamese Cassava and Coconut Dessert (Bojo)

| Cuisine of Suriname | Dessert

Ingredients

 * 1 kg cassava
 * 1 coconut
 * 4 eggs
 * 2 tablespoons cinnamon
 * 1 tablespoon almond essence
 * 1 tablespoon vanilla essence
 * 200 grams sugar
 * 75 grams butter
 * 1 pinch salt
 * 1 big glass milk
 * 100 grams raisins

Procedure

 * 1) Peel and grate the cassava. Grate the white coconut meat.
 * 2) Beat the eggs and sugar until firm. Add the vanilla and almond essence.
 * 3) Combine the eggs and sugar with the grated coconut and cassava.
 * 4) Add the cinnamon, milk, raisins and salt.
 * 5) Melt the butter and add it to the mixture.
 * 6) Rub the dish you want to use with butter or use Pam.
 * 7) Put the mixture in the dish. Put the dish in a pre-heated oven at 350°F (175°C). Bake the Bojo for about an hour. It needs to be firm on top but not dry on the inside.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Sprinkle some cinnamon on top of the bojo before serving.


text:
CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Slashes: import and export issues

Added: --Loek van Kooten 15:34, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Version: 7.0.284

System: Windows XP SP2 (Office 2000)

Description: After import into DVX, single slashes are displayed as double slashes.

Description: After export to Word, slashes disappear.

Description: After export to Excel, single slashes are converted to double slashes.

Reproduction: This issue can be reproduced consistently on at least two systems.

Workaround: If the document is imported from Word and single slashes are displayed as double slashes in DVX, leave the slashes as they are. If you change them into single slashes, they will disappear after export.

If the document is imported from Excel and single slashes are displayed as double slashes in DVX, change them into single slashes. If you leave the slashes as they are, they will be exported as double slashes.

Comments from Atril Software:

Because embedded codes in DVX are represented as {1} (i.e. opening curly bracket, number, closing curly bracket), the program needs to be able to to handle textual curly brackets in a different way. So some text in Word which appears as "The entry {main} is the starting point" will need to be different inside DVX so that "{main}" isn't confused with an embedded code. The way DVX does this is by adding a backslash before textual curly brackets. So DVX will display "The entry \{main\} is the starting point".

This means that backslashes are not just textual in DVX either. They are control characters for escaping curly brackets. So a textual backslash in DVX has to be escaped as well and this happens by doubling it.

So the text in Word "C:\Program Files\" should be imported into DVX as "C:\\Program Files\\" and also translated this way. In the target segment, a single backslash doesn't have any meaning and is only meaningful if paired with another backslash or a curly bracket.

Some filters, such as Excel, have a bug and don't apply these rules correctly or consistently. This is in the process of being fixed.

Comments from other users:


text:
Linear Algebra/Determinant

The determinant is a function which associates to a square matrix an element of the field on which it is defined (commonly the real or complex numbers). The determinant is required to hold these properties:
 * It is linear on the rows of the matrix.
 * $$\det \begin{bmatrix} \ddots & \vdots & \ldots \\ \lambda a_1 + \mu b_1 & \cdots & \lambda a_n + \mu b_n \\   \cdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{bmatrix} = \lambda \det \begin{bmatrix}  \ddots & \vdots & \cdots \\ a_1 & \cdots & a_n \\   \cdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{bmatrix} + \mu \det \begin{bmatrix}  \ddots & \vdots & \cdots \\  b_1 & \cdots & b_n \\   \cdots & \vdots & \ddots \end{bmatrix}$$

 * If the matrix has two equal rows its determinant is zero.
 * The determinant of the identity matrix is 1.

It is possible to prove that $$ \det A = \det A^T $$, making the definition of the determinant on the rows equal to the one on the columns.

Properties

 * The determinant is zero if and only if the rows are linearly dependent.
 * Changing two rows changes the sign of the determinant:
 * $$\det \begin{bmatrix} \cdots \\ \mbox{row A} \\ \cdots \\ \mbox{row B} \\ \cdots \end{bmatrix} = - \det \begin{bmatrix}\cdots \\ \mbox{row B} \\ \cdots \\ \mbox{row A} \\ \cdots \end{bmatrix} $$

 * The determinant is a multiplicative map in the sense that
 * $$\det(AB) = \det(A)\det(B) \,$$ for all n-by-n matrices $$A$$ and $$B$$.

This is generalized by the Cauchy-Binet formula to products of non-square matrices.

 * It is easy to see that $$\det(rI_n) = r^n \,$$ and thus
 * $$\det(rA) = \det(rI_n \cdot A) = r^n \det(A) \,$$ for all $$n$$-by-$$n$$ matrices $$A$$ and all scalars $$r$$.

 * A matrix over a commutative ring R is invertible if and only if its determinant is a unit in R. In particular, if A is a matrix over a field such as the real or complex numbers, then A is invertible if and only if det(A) is not zero. In this case we have

 * $$\det(A^{-1}) = \det(A)^{-1}. \,$$

Expressed differently: the vectors v1,...,vn in Rn form a basis if and only if det(v1,...,vn) is non-zero.

A matrix and its transpose have the same determinant:
 * $$\det(A^\top) = \det(A). \,$$

The determinants of a complex matrix and of its conjugate transpose are conjugate:
 * $$\det(A^*) = \det(A)^*. \,$$

Existence
Using Laplace's formula for the determinant

Binet's theorem
$$\det(A B) = \det A \cdot \det B $$

title: Linear Algebra/Determinant


text:
Uim/Introduction

Uim is an input method framework. It provides various input methods constructed on a library and a set of tools to convert strings entered in a particular character subset into another subset according to predefined rules defined in a input method.

A common use for uim is to convert keyboard input of Latin characters (such as those used in English) into Chinese, Japanese, Korean or Vietnamese characters. For Chinese and Japanese, an input sequence that can correspond to multiple character strings will open up a list of candidates to select the desired strings.

Design
Generally, an input method will accept keyboard input and change (either manually or by user interaction) the input string into a different one which it then passes on to the application. Because applications' input method implementation and character sets' characteristics differ greatly, any input method framework will face scalability problems when extending its support. To minimize these, uim has a highly modularized design.

The core library interfaces with loadable software modules that implement a particular natural language (e.g. Chinese or Korean) or input method-specific functionalities (e.g. keyboard-map switching). These modules (one or more) form particular input methods (such as the Pinyin input method for Chinese). Uim comes bundled with a number of these, but others are developed as separate projects (e.g. Anthy, Mana and PRIME).

In contrast to the client/server model which other input method frameworks are primarily based on, uim implements a library-level interface with applications through application-specific modules called bridges. This layout was chosen mainly for simplicity, and may be changed in the future.

The core library of uim is primarily written in C to ensure a stable ABI (Application Binary Interface) since maintaining one in C++ is sometimes difficult. Because C is very primitive to work with directly, uim has an embedded scheme interpreter which allows for more productive development. (Some internal portions of uim - the xim and scim bridges - are written in C++.)

Productivity for input method developers to facilitate high-quality input methods is a high priority for uim. Though it is stable and fully usable, there are currently less efforts aimed at desktop environment usability which is being prioritized in other input method frameworks.

Supported platforms and applications
Uim is developed on Linux but portable to other *NIX operating systems and is known to also run on Linux Zaurus and Mac OS X.

Any application can use uim as long as there exists a bridge for it to connect to the uim library. X applications can use uim-xim and console applications uim-fep. In addition to these, GTK+, Qt and Emacs have their own bridges; gtk+-immodule, qt-immodule and uim-el, respectively.

Comparison to other input method software
There are several other input methods available. Most cater to a specific language, but uim, SCIM, and IIIMF (written by the person who made XIM) offer a modular structure for easy extensibility (such software suites are usually called as input method frameworks). The main difference between these lies in SCIM and IIIMF's client/server structure, while uim remains a library-level direct connection with applications via the bridges.

Language-specific input methods

 * Chinese : The only seemingly still actively developed IM is Fcitx (Free Chinese Input Toy for X). Others are minichinput (no development since 2003-07-17) and xcin (apparently no development since 10 Feb 2005).

 * Japanese : Anthy, PRIME, canna and kimera seem to be the main players (all but the last one are available as conversion engines under uim). Lastly, sumibi is worth mentioning for its online implementation of an input method.

 * Korean : Nabi is widely used. There are also imhangul for GTK+ and qimhangul for Qt apps.

 * Vietnamese : X-unikey seems to be the only one.

Current conversion engine implementations
Uim comes with a few input methods but others that are compatible with the scheme interpreter may be installed separately. The latter have links to their official websites in the list below.

Related projects
These projects are not part of uim, but may be of interest to its users.

 * Uim-festival (version 0.1.0 — released 2005.08.29). Uim with Festival TTS engine (your computer speaks as you type).
 * Uim-ruby (version 1.10.2.6 — 2004.06.26.)

IM indicators

 * GKrellUIM. A plugin for GKrellM.
 * wmuim. A WindowMaker dockapp for uim.

Language binding

 * libuim-ruby. A Ruby language binding for libuim.

Handwriting input pad

 * uim-tomoe-gtk. A GUI front end of Tomoe handwriting recognition algorithm.

Bridges

 * MacUIM Bridge for Mac OS X

title: Uim/Introduction


text:
User:Ben pcc

Hi.

Please see the book whose content is almost exclusively by me.

I also violate Wikipedia.

A high speed photo I took of fog particles up close, lit by a xenon bulb; also a low speed photo, lit by the flashlight I keep in my pocket. Bet you never looked at ordinary fog from those angles.

Page for self. I hope mediawiki won't mind.

• • • ― ― ―  • • • • • • ― ― ―  • • •

title: User:Ben pcc


text:
User talk:Khennjo

Welcome
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

Thank You
Hello Khennjo,

I just wanted to personally thank you for contributing to the Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book. It is greatly appreciated (especially since I know nothing about skin diving). Thanks! --Jim Thomas 17:44, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Insignia Images
Hi Khennjo,

I'm a little bit uneasy about including the honor patches in the Wikibook. My concern is that these the copyright to these patch designs are held by the Church, and in everything I've read about that, the church allows their use "for Pathfinder ministry" but not for other purposes. There may be an incompatibility between that restriction and what is allowed here. Files uploaded to Wikibooks have to be available for modification, creating derivative works, and for redistribution, including commercial redistribution. I don't think the Church would accept that.

There is a chance we could work around it by calling it "fair use". In order to do that though, we would have to attach a fair use rationale to the file. One requirement of using fair use images here is that we would have to demonstrate that adding the image is worth the risk of losing a fair use challenge. Also, we would have to demonstrate that there is no free (as in liberty) alternative.

I am not one who enjoys opening a can of worms and engaging in (possibly heated) debate. So even though I have thought many times about incorporating honor insignia in Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book, I had decided against it. If you are willing to engage in that debate, I can point you in the right direction, but my recommendation is that we not have the honor insignia here.

--Jomegat (talk) 13:18, 28 July 2009 (UTC)
 * One other thing. When you uploaded File:Skindiving.jpg, you did not attach a license to it.  It will have to be tagged as fair use if you decide (and the Wikibooks community agrees) to keep it here.  Images without a license will be deleted in seven days. --Jomegat (talk) 13:35, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

 * OK, one more other thing! Great job on Skin Diving.  I made a few very minor formatting adjustments that I hope are to your liking.  Fantastic! --Jomegat (talk) 13:55, 28 July 2009 (UTC)

Thanks Jim!
I've removed the file for the honor insignia that I've uploaded yesterday. And thanks for pointing out the issues behind the copyright concerns. I understand your view on this.

And thanks for the formatting adjustments. :)

Thanks again too for having this Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book. It's been a great resource option for our club here in the Philippines.

Kindest regards! -- Khennjo, 29 July 2009
 * No problem Kenneth. Working on this project has been a passion of mine for the past (almost) four years.  It has come a long way in that time, and I am always very gratified when I find out people are using it.  Thanks for your additions too.  They are top-notch. --Jomegat (talk) 01:17, 29 July 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Khennjo


text:
Horticulture/Hydrangea

Hydrangea (common names also Hydrangea, pronounced haidréindʒiə, and Hortensia) is a genus of about 70-75 species of flowering plants native to southern and eastern Asia (from Japan to China, the Himalaya and Indonesia) and North and South America. By far the greatest species diversity is in eastern Asia, notably China and Japan.

Species in the related genus ../Schizophragma/, also in Hydrangeaceae, are also often known as hydrangeas. ../Schizophragma hydrangeoides/ and ../Hydrangea petiolaris/ are both commonly known as climbing hydrangeas.

Description
Most are shrubs 1–3 m tall, but some are small trees, and others lianas reaching up to 30 m by climbing up trees. They can be either deciduous or evergreen, though the widely cultivated temperate species are all deciduous.

Hydrangea flowers are produced from early spring to late autumn; they grow in flowerheads (corymbs or panicles) at the ends of the stems. In many species, the flowerheads contain two types of flowers, small fertile flowers in the middle of the flowerhead, and large, sterile bract-like flowers in a ring around the edge of each flowerhead. Other species have all the flowers fertile and of the same size.

In most species the flowers are white, but in some species (notably H. macrophylla), can be blue, red, pink, or purple. In these species the exact colour often depends on the pH of the soil; acidic soils produce blue flowers, neutral soils produce very pale cream petals, and alkaline soils results in pink or purple. Hydrangeas are one of very few plants that accumulate aluminium. Aluminium is released from acidic soils, and in some species, forms complexes in the hydrangea flower giving them their blue colour.

Growing conditions
Add coffee grounds in zone 5 gardening areas for acidic soil.

Species

 * ../Hydrangea anomala/ (Climbing Hydrangea). Himalaya, southwest China.
 * ../Hydrangea arborescens/ (Smooth Hydrangea). Eastern North America.
 * ../Hydrangea aspera/. China, Himalaya.
 * ../Hydrangea bretschneideri/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea candida/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea caudatifolia/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea chinensis/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea chungii/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea cinerea/ (Ashy Hydrangea). Eastern United States.
 * ../Hydrangea coacta/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea coenobialis/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea davidii/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea dumicola/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea gracilis/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea heteromalla/. Himalaya, west and north China.
 * ../Hydrangea hirta/. Japan.
 * ../Hydrangea hypoglauca/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea integrifolia/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea involucrata/. Japan, Taiwan.
 * ../Hydrangea kawakamii/. Taiwan.
 * ../Hydrangea kwangsiensis/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea kwangtungensis/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea lingii/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea linkweiensis/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea longifolia/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea longipes/. Western China.
 * ../Hydrangea macrocarpa. China.
 * ../Hydrangea macrophylla// (Bigleaf Hydrangea). Southern Japan.
 * ../Hydrangea mangshanensis/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea paniculata/ (Panicled Hydrangea). Eastern China, Korea, Japan, Sakhalin.
 * ../Hydrangea petiolaris/ (Climbing Hydrangea). Japan, Korea, Sakhalin.
 * ../Hydrangea quercifolia/ (Oakleaf Hydrangea). Southeast United States.
 * ../Hydrangea radiata/ (Silverleaf Hydrangea). Southeast United States.
 * ../Hydrangea robusta/. China, Himalaya.
 * ../Hydrangea sargentiana/. Western China.
 * ../Hydrangea scandens/. Southern Japan south to the Philippines.
 * ../Hydrangea serrata/. Japan, Korea.
 * ../Hydrangea serratifolia/. Chile, western Argentina.
 * ../Hydrangea stenophylla/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea strigosa/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea stylosa/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea sungpanensis/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea xanthoneura/. China.
 * ../Hydrangea zhewanensis/. China.

Uses
Hydrangeas are popular ornamental plants, grown for their large flowerheads, with ../Hydrangea macrophylla/ being by far the most widely grown with over 600 named cultivars, many selected to have only large sterile flowers in the flowerheads. Some are best pruned on an annual basis when the new leaf buds begin to appear. If not pruned regularly, the bush will become very 'leggy', growing upwards until the weight of the stems is greater than their strength, at which point the stems will sag down to the ground and possibly break. Other species only flower on 'old wood'. Thus new wood resulting from pruning will not produce flowers the following season.

Hydrangeas are moderately toxic if eaten, with all parts of the plant containing cyanogenic glycosides. However, poisoning in humans is rare, as the plant does not look like an enticing food source.

Maintenance
Deadwood tends to accumulate on most species, and needs to be pruned out. Pruning is best performed just after flowering in order to ensure new bud sets for the following year. The plants are frequently deadheaded as well after the flowers fade, but in some cases the flowers do provide some winter interest for the garden.

Propagation
Primarily propagated by cuttings, though some species freely self-seed.

Harvesting
Flowers can be harvested for use either as fresh or dried flowers. To dry, hang the stems upside-down until fully dry.

Pests and diseases
../Aphids/ ../Scales/ ../Whiteflies/ ../Mealybugs/ ../Bugs/ ../Beetles/ ../Caterpillars/ ../Mites/ ../Slugs and Snails/
 * Melon Aphid: ../Aphis gossypii/
 * Crescent Marked Lily Aphid: ../Neomyzus circumflexus/
 * Oystershell Scale: ../Lepidosaphes ulmi/
 * Cottony Camellia Scale: ../Pulvinaria floccifera: (Chloropulvinaria floccifera)/
 * Cottony Hydrangea Scale: ../Pulvinaria hydrangeae/
 * Greenhouse Whitefly: ../Trialeurodes vaporariorum/
 * Giant Whitefly
 * Silverleaf Whitefly: ../Bemisia argentifolii/
 * Citrus Mealybug
 * Lygus Bug: ../Lygus lineolaris/
 * Fourlined Plant Bug: ../Poecilocapsis lineatus/
 * Boxelder Bug: ../Leptocoris trivittatus/
 * Rose Chafer Beetle: ../Macrodactylus subspinosus/
 * Japanese Beetle: ../Popillia japonica/
 * Leaf Tier: ../Exartema ferriferanum/
 * Two-spotted Spider Mite: ../Tetranychus urticae/

title: Horticulture/Hydrangea


text:
User talk:Lblissett

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, and thank you for your contributions! I noticed you are compiling a in-depth encylcopedia ("macropedia") of information related to the New Media Art movement. Please note that Wikibooks is for textbooks and that macropedias on specific topics are generally not accepted. Please additionally consider reading our Naming policy and moving the pages pertaining to the New Media Art movement into sub-pages as per policy. If you have any questions, feel free to ask me here or at my talk page! Best wishes, Iamunknown 19:24, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

New metadata pages
Sadly these are not "textbook" content as required by Wikibooks and will be deleted shortly. Thanks -- Herby talk thyme 19:13, 7 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Please bear in mind that when something is pointed out to you by other editors on Wikibooks it might be best not to ignore it. It is unlikely that your material will remain here -- Herby  talk thyme 19:37, 8 February 2007 (UTC)
 * If you continue to add pages disregarding policy you may be blocked from editing -- Herby talk thyme 19:39, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

I'm sorry if I've offended anyone. I'm confused as to what's wrong here... how can I get in touch with you to get some help with this matter?
 * By posting here you are in touch, if you read what has been placed here by two editors you will see that this is not the type of material that is allowed on Wikibooks. Wikibooks is here to provide "textbooks" for people to read and as both I and the editor above have said your material is not textbook like.  It is possible that you would be better looking on Wikiversity  for the hosting of such material.  You could ask in the Staff lounge for further information. -- Herby  talk thyme 19:46, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for the additonal info, Herby. I will look into it. It was my impression that this is very much a textbook (in fact, there is an entire class taught by the author on this book at Brown University). Where can I find more information on your definition of "textbook"? I'm guessing from the comments above that you feel that this text is too specific?

Regarding the page naming policy: I wasn't aware of it until just now, and I was in the process of correcting the naming scheme when you warned me that I would be blocked if I continued to edit the page.

 * My apologies - I guess I just expect people to look at what is placed on their page and maybe read around. Sadly I am unable to assist you now as I am off however the Staff lounge may bring help failing which please do try Derbeth's talk page as there might be help there, sorry again -- Herby  talk thyme 20:07, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Hello and thanks for contributing to Wikibooks. I would not say that New Media Art is not written as a wikibook. I had concerns whether this book can be used as an educational material and is not some kind of advocacy (I have no knowledge in this topic). We are sometimes dealing with works of pseudo-science created on Wikibooks, so please understand why I was a bit suspicious. Now when you said about this book being used on an university, I looked for the it in Google and found it in Amazon, so I have no doubts how valuable it is.

So when it comes to content, the book is suitable for Wikibooks, but there are some issues that need to be clarified. First of all, copyright status of New Media Art is not clear. Have all authors given explicit permission to license their work under GFDL licence? Amazon lists Uta Grosenick as an editor of the book; is text corrected by she included here on Wikibooks and if so, has she also given permission to use her work here?

Next, is this text meant to be further edited and improved? There's an another Wikimedia Foundation project - Wikisource, which is an repository of finished, already published books licensed under GFDL licence or not covered by copyrights. Wikisource may be more suitable if there is no sense in making changes to the book.

I will go offline now, since it's already late in my timezone. Please don't fear that your work may be removed - new books are given time to develop and no content is removed without a good reason and prior discussion. --Derbeth talk 23:34, 8 February 2007 (UTC)

Deletion
Per your request I have deleted your book. If there are any pages that I might have missed, just tag them with a deletion notice. Thanks. --Az1568(Talk) 20:12, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lblissett


text:
User talk:Anthonyfontana

Welcome to Wikibooks!
Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! Iamunknown 19:26, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anthonyfontana


text:
Wikibooks talk:Requests for import

What if we plan to cut, paste, then re-edit the material from Wikipedia for our WikiBook? Should a request still be made? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Anthonyfontana (talk • contribs) 19:35, 5 Feb 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, anything that's transwikied needs to be edited and adjusted to be a book page, rather than an encyclopedia article. Copyright-wise, import is the safest option if you're going to use an extensive part of the WP article. If you're only using a sentence or two, you could just cite the article as a reference, but if more than that, Import is the best option. It's easy to do, so when in doubt, request an import. -- SB_Johnny | talk 19:48, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Imported Attribution
What if, This will be the miss-attribution.
 * 1) Article "A" is edited by "User:Ans" in wikipedia.
 * 2) Article "A" is imported to wikibooks.
 * 3) "User:Ans" in wikibooks is not the same person with "User:Ans" in wikipedia?

Can we make the attribution in the imported pages, to be something like "User:Ans@wikipedia" or "User:Ans (imported from wikipedia)" appearing in the revision history. The mediawiki software should automatically insert text stating that the revision is imported, so, it will be clear that the editor appearing in that revision may not be the same person as in wikibooks. We should requested this features in the software (if not yet implemented). --Ans 06:04, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

 * Yeah, that's a problem, but we pretty much just have to wait for SUL to be enabled for that. In some cases accounts can be renamed by b'crats for now (at least here... wikipedia's policy does not acknowledge this issue). -- SB_Johnny | PA! 22:53, 12 November 2007 (UTC)
 * The import does appear in Special:Log/Import, and it also appears in the revision history. You're correct that attribution can be a problem when the same username exists here. With the XML export-import, it is possible to modify the revision history (in particular to make all usernames point to Wikipedia), but the XML import feature is either supersceded by import, or is disabled, or is broken (not sure which). This issue will be solved by SUL though. For now we grin and bear it. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 02:35, 13 November 2007 (UTC)

 * SUL is only specific to wikimedia sites. If the page is imported from other sites (wikia, for example), SUL won't solve the issue.
 * Special:Log/Import doesn't indicate which revisions are the imported revisions. Let consider the revision history of PageA after merging,
 * 2007-11-14T06:07:06 A (Talk | contribs) m (3 revision(s) from wikia:PageA) <-- import log
 * 2007-11-14T04:14:04 B (Talk | contribs) (8,800 bytes) (removal of tag) <-- imported revision edited by B@wikia
 * 2007-11-14T03:08:51 B (Talk | contribs) (8,870 bytes) (typo) <-- pre-existing revision in wikibooks
 * 2007-11-13T04:57:43 B (Talk | contribs) (8,877 bytes) (added links) <-- imported revision edited by B@wikia
 * 2007-11-13T04:55:00 B (Talk | contribs) (8,855 bytes) (page brakes) <-- pre-existing revision in wikibooks
 * 2007-11-13T04:47:32 C (Talk) (8,844 bytes) (added picture) <-- imported revision edited by C@wikia
 * As shown above, although it has import log, but in this case, we can't distinguish the revision edited by B@wikia and B@wikibooks. Moreover, for the first revision edited by C@wikia, the user C@wikibooks doesn't even exist (notice that it has no contribs link).  What if, later, someone register for the user C@wikibooks and automatically get the attribution?
 * Special:Contributions/Username doesn't indicate, which edit is the imported edit. People looking at the contributions page may not aware of this problem, and possibly perceive the wrong information.
 * --Ans 08:45, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

 * That's only true to an extent: if you look at this history, for example, you can see where it says
 * 10:02, 27 April 2007 SB Johnny (Talk | contribs | block) m (10 revision(s) from w:Euphorbia lathyris) (undo)
 * Any time the import tool is used, it makes this note in the history, with an embedded link back to the original document (which may have changed since). Again, this will all be moot once Single User Login is activated (apparently they're in the debugging stage now). -- SB_Johnny | PA! 15:42, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Oh nm, I see what you mean. Still won't be a problem after SUL. -- SB_Johnny | PA! 15:51, 14 November 2007 (UTC)
 * SUL will have the name confliction issue. For the name collision, one user will be forced to rename.  After such rename, the imported attribution will also be automatically changed to reflect such renaming.  This will still be a miss-attribution.
 * Instead of importing, why not preserve the attribution by inserting the History section (according to GFDL) into the book contents? This method is just simple, and no need to request admins to do this task.  Admin task should be minimal, as much as possible. --Ans 14:50, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

Wikinews?

 * Rather then copying and pasting material from other Wikimedia projects, Wikibooks administrators can import pages from English Wikipedia, English Wikiversity, English Wikisource, Simple English Wikibooks and English Wikinews.

Most wikinews pages can't be imported here, since its license (cc-by) is incompatible with gfdl here. --Ans 14:26, 15 November 2007 (UTC)

Imports from foreign language projects
The page implies that articles from foreign language projects like French Wikipedia can't be transwikied here with their histories. I am assuming that the next best option is to show a permanent link to the source page in the edit summary if you need to copy complete articles here from foreign projects. Recent Runes (discuss • contribs) 00:04, 17 December 2011 (UTC)
 * I was moaning about this apparent restriction a few weeks ago over in General. There's some process to go through to have other languages options which would involve discussion or voting just for a developer to type a few lines of code.  I suppose a copy and paste and a permanent link to the source page is our best option.--ЗAНИA [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]]talk 00:21, 17 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Disagree, failing the possibility of doing a transwiki of the edit history (that I suppose is not permitted, or simple to fix, by the possible username collisions). If we want to be consistent with keeping Wikipedia editors expectations (the edit history merely protects the right to have your work recognized), we should default for the previous method of requiring a general attribution to the specific Wikipedia project (this is how it was done before transwikis became possible). The rational is simple, edit history is only a resource available on the web. If the content is in print there will be no reference to editors (note that edit history is sufficient because Wikipedia articles are not copyrightable, only the aggregation of the articles, the Wikipedia that would by license require a direct attribution.
 * "You agree that a hyperlink or URL is sufficient attribution..." edit text refers to inclusion on specific project's page, not its edit history (and I do not know if all project share the statement), this without getting in more complicated issues. --Panic (discuss • contribs) 09:59, 17 December 2011 (UTC)
 * By "a general attribution to the specific Wikipedia project" do you mean an acknowledgment in the page text such as "This page is based on / uses material from http://fr.wikipedia.org/? Recent Runes (discuss • contribs) 14:04, 17 December 2011 (UTC)
 * Not on the page itself (in the pages you could use the edit summary as stated above if you like) but on the work (a single attribution would cover all future uses of content from that project/work and satisfy the legal requirement of attribution. See C++ Programming/About the Book/Authors there I gave attribution to Wikipedia (that work predates transwikis), there are other similar attributions on various other projects. Panic (discuss • contribs) 22:01, 17 December 2011 (UTC)

Archiver bot deleting section
The archiver bot keeps on deleting the "simple imports" section. Liam987 talk 22:08, 20 April 2015 (UTC)

History mergers
Why history mergers should be requested here, when the Now merged template and the Category:History merge requests page can be utilized? --Strange quark (discuss • contribs) 21:13, 7 April 2018 (UTC)
 * As a practical matter, there's a problem with somebody noticing a request. Anyone who has this page on their watchlist will notice a request posted here; however, to get the information from the category requires more active, or at least more elaborate, measures.  This is one of those things where it wasn't understood, when the infrastructure was set up, what would actually work well.  I hope to provide convenient means for tracking stuff like this as part of context-sensitive semi-automation facilities building on the dialog tools, but development has been slow lately.  --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 21:56, 7 April 2018 (UTC)
 * [//en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=MediaWiki:Recentchangestext&diff=3411105&oldid=3363479 I've just added them to the RC dashboard], just in case. That's where I treat the speedy deletion requests. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 07:03, 8 April 2018 (UTC)
 * Oh, the RC dashboard. Thanks; I'll make a mental note that there are some of those here too.  I hadn't thought of it as an option, for, I suppose, two reasons.  We use the RC dashboard for a host of such things on en.wn; but  (a) I've almost never visited RC on en.wb because it's so much busier here than on en.wn (I use my watchlist here, instead), and  (b) the recent downgrade "upgrade" to RC hides the customized header by default, which severely undermined our set-up at en.wn (which I was too cynical to even bother complaining about, but one of our younger Wikinewsies who hasn't had their optimism about the Foundation beaten out of them yet remarked to the devs about it, and was given several condescending reasons why they were going to ignore the objection).  --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 11:19, 8 April 2018 (UTC)
 * It looks like we've got the same experience with Phabricator... I was forced to propose my help, several times, to apply the projects consensuses to LocalSettings.php, but they didn't even bother to answer to me. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 12:06, 8 April 2018 (UTC)

title: Wikibooks talk:Requests for import


text:
Talk:Arithmetic

I tried to create an overall structure for a textbook. I freely admit that, while I did look over the guidelines, I didn't actually study them, and mainly used as my starting point my general understanding of how a textbook should be structured. If that conflicts with specific Wikibooks guidelines, I apologize and if the deviations are so glaring as to be irreconcilable, please feel free to reverse all my changes.

My intention was to have a textbook that could be used to step-by-step learn the discipline, as opposed to a more encyclopedic-style reference book organized into sections, which is what it seemed was the trend. Originally I had planned on taking the already existing material and putting it into its slots, but I quickly noticed that some of those other pages needed to be divided among various chapters so I left it for future edits.

My justifications for the progression I chose (and why I included some topics that may seem to be outside the scope of arithmetic) are varied by decision. Instead of trying to explain everything here, I'll hope that most of the decisions seem to make sense on their own and the ones that don't I'm happy to discuss individually, and at any rate I'm sure everything I've done can be improved upon greatly by other writers.

My plan is first to wait a few days and see if I'm not reversed immediately or that there are no vehement objections to the way I've ordered things. If not, or if the objections can be resolved, the next step is I'll begin to write the overview chapters (the first chapter, as well a the first chapter in each part) so that other authors can see my focus on what should be addressed (obviously, other authors should feel free to beat me to the punch or change focus where it seems necessary). From there, it's just a matter of filling in the material. What I was aiming for is a structure where everything you need to know to understand any given chapter has already been addressed in the previous chapters (in other words, for example, "Exponents" precedes "Scientific Notation" because you have to already know about exponents to understand scientific notion, and multiplication and decimals precede both of them for the same reasons).

Again, my apologies if I've done this completely wrong. I won't be at all offended if I'm reversed for misunderstanding the goal or method. Peter Alan McAllister 19:52, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

 * A skeleton is better than nothing, so I'm glad you made one. However, there's no need for so many subsections, so I'm in the process of removing them. Hoogli 15:26, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

Is the merger into Math for the Young still being considered? If it is, I vote no--we shouldn't assume that only kids are still in the process of learning arithmetic. If it's not, the flag should be removed. --Ebrillblaiddes (talk) 20:42, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

teachers addition
has there been a teachers edition of these books proposed? then there could be a version for students... and a version for teachers with answers and quizzes... --71.182.83.64 (talk) 03:43, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Merging the pre-existing content
I'm going to merge all of the content at the bottom that was taken from overflow from Algebra. Once I'm all done I'm going to flag all of the duplicate material for speedy deletion. Please voice any objections, or let me know if this is not in accordance with accepted deletion policy. Atrytone (talk) 19:04, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

I removed the link in the table of contents to Arithmetic/Multiplication (which I've nominated for speedy deletion, as all the content is in Multiplication and Division as well as the link to the deleted page titled 'Division'. Now there is simply the Multiplication and Division section. Atrytone (talk) 20:24, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

I moved some links to the main table of contents in order to integrate entire sections of the pre-existing content into the structure of the book. I removed the link in the table of contents to Arithmetic/Introduction as the material is duplicated in Arithmetic/Introduction to Arithmetic in the main table of contents. I removed the link in the table of contents to Arithmetic/Reading Serial Numbers, Account Numbers, et cetera and nominated the page for speedy deletion because the content is minimal and not necessary for the scope of the book. Atrytone (talk) 20:58, 11 December 2008 (UTC)

general or introductory?
This was moved from general to introductory. I do not really know why there is a difference, but there is a fundamental theorem of arithmetic, after all (which I added,) which is taught in high-level college courses: I would not call that introductory, though it may be taught in high school Algebra, and maybe in advanced elementary or middle school math, I think.--Dchmelik (talk) 07:42, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Beginner?
Is "beginner" really the intended reading level for this book? --Histrion (talk) 16:07, 15 July 2009 (UTC)
 * If not — if "intermediate" is more appropriate — then the front page needs to be edited.
 * If so, a lot of the text that's already here will need to be rewritten, and some sections could probably be dropped. Also, per the description of "beginner" reading level, perhaps the whole thing should be moved to "Wikijunior".

 * I don't think this particular book has a lot of active contributors at the moment, though I could be wrong. Either way, I think you make a good point and went ahead and changed it to intermediate.  Thenub314 (talk) 12:28, 16 July 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Arithmetic


text:
Talk:Introduction to Art/Introduction

I didn't want to post my discussion comments on the module so I'll put them here. What this book will do: A text like this one has the potential to be a thorough Introduction to Art, like many University or College students receive in their first year (or Foundation level) of classes. It should therefore, include in-depth coverage of methods, elements and principles, critical evaluation, and contemporary issues both formal and conceptual in terms and format that are accessible.

What this book will not (or should not) do: Marginalize one form of art in favor of another. Present information from a Western slanted perspective.

--Anthony Fontana 20:03, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Introduction to Art/Introduction


text:
Category talk:Wikibooks

Wiki-Textbooks for elementary & high schools in the developing countries :

First of all I THANK YOU VERY MUCH for the work done for Wikibooks.

One of the first priority in the developing ( but also in the developed ) countries is basic education .On Internet I find very good useful information, articles and wikibooks ,but unfortunately not a Wiki-Textbooks for elementary or high  schools. I find more articles and books for university students than for elementary or high  schools. While I was thinking to Peru' ,where Internet is accessible to millions ( also in small villages ) via Internet points ,but good teachers and textbooks are really scarce, I asked my self what could help ?

A Wiki-Textbooks of  mathematics, physics , geometry ,biology ,English ,Spanish ,geography for elementary and high school with a lot of exercises that could be consulted by the children , parents and teachers could be very helpful. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Pierofor (talk • contribs) 20:35, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

 * You're welcome. :-)  I'm glad that we could help.  Feel free to contribute!  --Iamunknown 22:51, 4 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Wikibooks