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General Astronomy/Life in the Solar System

Astrobiology is a relatively young approach to the study of life in the universe, with earth forming the basis of our knowledge and investigation. Astrobiology seeks to address many questions, including:

1. Are there other forms of life in the universe?

2. Are we alone in the universe?

Very importantly, astrobiology transcends many scientific field boundaries and creates an amalgam of interdisciplinary topics, ranging from biology, geology, astronomy, chemistry to planetary sciences, paleontology and physics. Astrobiology covers a huge breadth of knowledge; therefore, only a selected overview of the difficulties of extraterrestrial life and of the possibility and search for life beyond earth is given below. Many of the postulations are inconclusive.

Expected Restrictions & Prerequisites for Both Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Life
“Life-support”

- A source of energy such as from a nearby star is needed to drive endothermic, or energy-absorbing, reactions.

- Raw materials, predominantly carbon, build and form organic molecules. Other important elements for life on earth include hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur (comprising the acronym SPONCH).

- Life requires some form of shielding from damaging radiation, implying the presence of an atmosphere.

- Also indispensable is the presence of a liquid or very dense gas as a solvent for biochemical reactions to occur quickly and stably. Liquid water, the life-sustaining universal solvent (at least on earth), entails certain atmospheric composition and temperatures.

- The characteristics of stars can also determine the capacity for life on surrounding, orbiting planetary bodies, namely through the location of the habitable zone. The habitable zone in a solar system is defined as the region around a star that is conducive to life, which usually implies regions with temperatures high enough to maintain liquid water. Earth falls under the habitable zone in our solar system. As the mass of a star increases, so does the distance of the habitable zone from the star. Also, stars hotter than the sun have habitable zones farther out while cooler stars have them closer in, but hotter stars produce excessively harmful ionizing UV radiation while cooler stars may “tidally lock” planets that are too close, meaning these planets will always show the same "face" to the star and hence have a very cold side and a very hot side. Stars both hotter and cooler than the sun therefore possess conditions hostile to life. The properties of a solar system’s star determine the likelihood of life’s existence on planets and/or moons. In turn, the planets and their moons' positioning relative to the habitable zone and to their star also influence their conduciveness to life. Locating habitable zones in the universe leads to discovering the possibility of life. However, the later-discussed planet Mars and moons in our solar system may shelter life even though they do not fall into the generally accepted habitable zone.

The difficulty of life on other celestial bodies is marked by several conditions. The atmospheric pressure and composition vary immensely and gravity is altered across different regions in space; for instance, Mars has only a tenth of earth’s atmosphere, its atmosphere is mainly constituted of carbon dioxide, and its gravity is only a third of earth’s. All the planets and moons currently being explored for life also face different solar and cosmic radiation systems than the earth since the bodies are farther out in the solar system. Though they are farther from the sun and so experience less solar radiation, none has an ozone layer to protect against life-damaging radiation although some do have an adequate atmosphere to offer some protection. Moreover, oxidants such as iron oxide made by UV radiation acting on mineral surfaces in the presence of atmospheric oxygen and extremely dry conditions are chemically hostile to many organic compounds. Space is overall a very inhospitable, bleak place for life. It includes a space vacuum, solar winds with protons, electrons, and alpha particles floating around, radiation, solar flares, cosmic radiation, and low temperatures, factors counter to the nourishing conditions on earth. [1]

Extremophiles and Their Role in Life Exploration
Though life seems only possible under specific conditions, extremophiles such as bacteria that live in high temperature, toxic, deep-sea hydrothermal volcanic vents on earth offer insight into life that could have developed on other planets that mostly share such extreme, inhospitable environments, which also can include freezing temperatures and minimal sun exposure. The range of conditions life here on earth has managed to flourish in reveals more outer space milieus as possible breeding grounds for life. A few species of halophilic or salt-loving bacteria have also been experimentally proven to survive exposure to the extreme space environment for about two weeks. This evidence inspires hope that life similar to earth’s extremophile microbes can exist in outer space on other planets or moons despite harsh conditions.

Other Solar System Candidates for Life
Mars

In 1976, a search for microbial life on the red planet was performed. Two Viking landers conducted three experiments on Martian soil to test for bacteria presence through: 1) detecting the fixation of carbon dioxide, 2) observing possible metabolic processes through radiorespirometry, and 3) measuring the production and uptake of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, methane, hydrogen, and oxygen. Some tests yielded positive results: one experiment demonstrated that carbon was indeed converted to some organic matter by Martian soil, but the materials were not necessarily living or biological and the matter was not confirmed as organic. The 1997 Pathfinder mission discovered magnesium, aluminum, iron, and phosphate in Martian rocks, which are all possible life-supporting materials. Methane was also discovered in Mars’ atmosphere. Methane is important because it is a building block molecule for compounds such as hydrogen cyanide, which are important for amino acids, which are vital for life. However, no conclusive organic matter has been found on Mars’ terrain.

Mars could have once had water but does not have any liquid water now because its air pressure is too low. Mars is also small, reducing its ability to retain a hold on its atmosphere and increasing the rate of heat loss, resulting in cold temperatures at -63 degrees Celsius, which further decreases the likelihood of surface liquid water significantly. Some tentative evidence for the presence of water (and consequently maybe even life) possibly hidden under ice exists. Ancient craters that seem to have been eroded by water dot Mars’ landscape. The presence of craters suggests low to nil tectonic activity; however, some areas on Mars were smoothed over, therefore suggesting water activity. Dry, river-like features on Mars may have also been carved out by running water over long periods of time. The same water in the form of huge floods may have caused the broad channels observable on the dry planet.

Mars’ huge volcanoes such as Olympus Mons could contribute internal heat to sustain subsurface water. According to Bruce Jakosky, “there’s a possibility of hydrothermal vents [due to these volcanoes reminiscent of terrestrial extremophilic living conditions].” [2] Though carbon mostly as carbon dioxide, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen were also found in the Martian atmosphere, increasing the possibility of life on the planet, still, no definite life forms have been uncovered.

The confirmed Martian Meteorite ALH84001 that hit and was recovered from Antarctica in 1984 could also shed light on the possibility of life on Mars. The meteorite consists of young, volcanic rocks with partially dissolved carbonate globules that indicate the infiltration of liquid water and with ancient fossilized bacteria-like objects about the size of viruses identified as nanobes. Nanobes have been hypothesized as the smallest life form and are filamental structures usually found in certain rocks and sediments. Magnetite and iron sulfide particles discovered in the meteorite could have been left behind by the bacteria, but compelling abiotic explanations do not allow them to coexist with partially dissolved carbonates. Furthermore, the apparent life forms may be contaminations from life on earth. All conclusions are tentative and heavily contested.

Europa

Europa is one of the four largest Jovian (Jupiter) moons found to be covered by a smooth layer of water-ice, suggesting a life-nurturing liquid ocean underneath global in extent. Though temperatures are a nippy -145 degrees Celsius, some possible factors may have kept the water from freezing. Tidal heating from friction due to Europa’s eccentric orbit around Jupiter has been proposed. The planet’s gravity pulls stronger on the near side than the far, creating tidal bulges that can crack the icy crust surface and heat the interior. Approximately 5–25 km thick ice sheets could also insulate the water beneath. Volcanoes deep down may harbor hydrothermal vents that provide an energy source to heat and maintain liquid water.

Europa has a very smooth surface and very few craters, which could not be the result of an atmosphere burning up or the weathering of the craters since Europa’s atmosphere is very thin, so the tentative explanation is ice covering an ocean that evens out the surface. Some parts of its surface show blocks of ice that are separated but seem to fit together like a puzzle; these icebergs could have been shifted by slushy or liquid water beneath. Ridges in Europa’s landscape suggest existent water seeping up the ice cracks, refreezing, and then forming higher and higher ridges. In 1996, the Galileo spacecraft detected a magnetic field on the planet’s surface, indicating that there must be some electrical conduction likely to derive from a salty ocean. The previously mentioned hydrothermal vents may be spewing and mixing energy, heat, and chemicals into Europa’s ocean, possibly fostering life. The aforementioned tides on Europa created by Jupiter’s pull on its surface could also mix life-supporting substances together in the ocean.

About the possibility of life on Europa, when Jupiter strongly irradiates Europa’s ice, which is shown by the Galileo spacecraft’s observations to contain carbon dioxide, the irradiated carbon dioxide can produce simple organic molecules such as formaldehyde that are steps towards life. As one of the fundamental preconditions for life is a source of energy, tidal heating and the decay of radioactive elements could provide such energy for underwater life near the volcanic vents. Life-supporting energy can also be supplied by high-energy particles from Jupiter’s magnetic field breaking apart molecules in the ice to produce hydrogen peroxide, oxygen molecules and hydrogen. Finally, in Europa’s water-immersed rocks, there is evidence of life-forming elements like those on other solar system candidates for life.

Titan

Hazy, orange Titan is Saturn’s largest moon and is the only moon in the solar system that possesses clouds and a thick, dense atmosphere that is about 1.5 times the pressure of earth’s atmosphere. It also contains many organic gases such as methane, ethane, nitrogen, and hydrocarbons, and possesses conditions that resemble those of early earth four billion years ago that allowed life to develop. Extremely tall mountains cap Titan’s landscape and have been recently found to contain methane as well. Dark spots on the moon’s surface may reveal lakes of liquid organic materials including methane and/or ethane. The sun’s radiation reacts with atmospheric nitrogen and methane on the moon to produce the orange haze and a steady stream of organic substances such as black ethane that rains down from the sky, supplying more carbon-rich molecules that could generate life. The presence of methane gas in the air suggests that a localized reservoir of liquid methane and ethane slowly evaporates into gaseous form in the atmosphere. NASA Ames Research Center scientists believe that methane-producing microbes, methanogens, may flourish on Titan since the moon’s atmosphere and surrounding are so heavily saturated with the compound. However, liquid methane and ethane are much colder than liquid water by some 200 degrees Celsius and biochemical reactions would occur at painstakingly slow rates. These compounds are also far less capable as solvents compared to water and therefore much less life-inducing. Water is also missing from the picture due to freezing temperatures of -178 degrees Celsius. Long ago, Titan could have been warmer and had water and maybe even life. Water may still be under the presently icy and rocky surface, concealing signs of life.

Enceladus

Enceladus, another one of Saturn’s satellites, is currently the “search for life” priority hot-spot. Like Jupiter’s Europa, Enceladus has a very smooth, almost crater-free surface but which is caused by constant geological activities, which is characteristic of a relatively young planet or in this case, a moon associated with a planet. This inner, tiny moon of Saturn has a water vapor-based atmosphere and contains liquid water reservoirs approximately only a half kilometer beneath its icy south pole, implying a heat source originating from the south pole of the moon. Though general temperatures are well below freezing at -203 degrees Celsius, this south pole is actually a relative “hot spot” at -183 degrees Celsius. The south pole also has “tiger stripe” regions or cracks that are warmer spaces, signifying geothermal activity.

Water vapor and ice crystal plumes also from the moon's south pole were found to contain organic materials such as carbon dioxide, methane, and propane. Such plumes also suggest an organic soup in the oceanic reservoir. Like Earth, Enceladus could have underwater hydrothermal vents near its water reservoirs that produce energy to heat the water. However, how this small moon can generate so much heat is still puzzling. Perhaps an insulating shell containing water ice with gas particles could aid the retention of heat. The pressurized liquid water could also fuel the geysers that spew icy water matter into space that dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen. These geysers may be erupting from superficial liquid-water pockets at above 0 degrees Celsius. Liquid water so near the surface rarely occurs on the moon, introducing more questions and speculations about life on the mysterious, distant moon. Currently, the NASA Cassini spacecraft has been taking high resolution photographs of Enceladus and confirming numerous theories interpreting radical findings on Enceladus. The spacecraft is scheduled to fly close enough for observations of the geysers in October 2008.

There may be many more planets and moons light-years away that are toeholds for life since we are turning up evidence for life on many planets and moons in our own neighborhood! Many of the diverse and often harsh planetary features discussed above that seem to suggest the existence of life broaden the conceptions and prospects of finding environments suitable for life throughout the universe, life not in the form of humanoid green-skinned Martians but of microbes perhaps distantly related to earth's extremophiles.


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Bartending/Cocktails/Fourth Estate Cocktail

This cocktail is for people who like the bitter taste of wormwood.

Ingredients

 * 1 part Gin
 * 1 part Dry Vermouth
 * 1 part Sweet Vermouth
 * 1 dash Absinthe

Mix in a cocktail shaker over ice. Serve in a cocktail glass.

Variations

 * Pimm's No.1 may be used in place of the Gin for a different flavor.
 * Bitters or Pernod Ricard Pastis may be used in the place of the absinthe if a good absinthe is unavailable.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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MATLAB Programming/Advanced Topics/Toolboxes and Extensions/MATLAB Compiler

Overview
Use the MATLAB Compiler to convert MATLAB programs to applications and libraries that you can distribute to end users who do not have MATLAB installed. You can compile M-files, MEX-files, or other MATLAB code. MATLAB Compiler supports all the features of MATLAB, including objects, private functions, and methods. Using MATLAB Compiler version before 3 you can generate

 * Standalone C and C++ applications on UNIX, Windows, and Macintosh platforms.
 * C and C++ shared libraries (dynamically linked libraries, or DLLs, on Microsoft Windows).

MATLAB Compiler version 4 no longer provides these capabilities on Windows and Linux and you can generate

 * Standalone application on Linux and Windows based on Java/JIT methods
 * Shared libraries on Linux and DLLs on Microsoft Windows

Known Problems
Matlab Compiler version 4.1, distributed with Matlab 7 (R14SP1) for Solaris has a bug in the buildmcr function. This can be fixed by following these instructions:
 * Quit MATLAB.

$MATLAB\toolbox\compiler\buildmcr.m  (where $MATLAB is the MATLAB root directory on your machine, as returned by typing   matlabroot   at the MATLAB command prompt.)
 * Rename the following M-file:

Rename the file to buildmcr.m.old

 * Download the following files from the MATLAB website:
 * buildmcr.m
 * cftcreatezip.mexsol

If for some reason you can't get the se files, get this fixed version of Buildmcr.m and this fixed version of ctfcreatezip.mexsol available as text and uuencoded text, respectively.

Place the new files in $MATLAB\toolbox\compiler.

 * Restart MATLAB.


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Cookbook:Caramel Squares

| Desserts | Cuisine of the United Kingdom

Caramel squares (alternatively: caramel slices, caramel shortbread, or millionaire's shortbread) are a wonderfully rich and classic treat, very popular all over Britain and Ireland. They can often be found in cafes, served with morning coffee or afternoon tea. They're perfect for picnics, lunches and your guests will love them! They have a crunchy base with a creamy caramel filling, topped off with chocolate.

Base

 * 350 g self-raising flour
 * 225 g unsalted butter
 * 110 g caster sugar

Filling

 * 225 g caster sugar
 * 225 g unsalted butter
 * 5 Tablespoons golden syrup
 * 400 ml full-fat condensed milk

Topping

 * 340 g good-quality chocolate (milk or dark), melted

Base

 * 1) Preheat the oven to 180°C (gas mark 4; 350°F). Rub flour, butter, and caster sugar together until it resembles breadcrumbs.
 * 2) Press into a 25 x 38 x 4 cm Swiss roll pan.
 * 3) Bake for 20 minutes or till golden.
 * 4) Cool.

Filling

 * 1) Melt butter in a heavy-based saucepan over a low heat; add sugar, golden syrup, and condensed milk.
 * 2) Stir continuously for 40–50 minutes. It should be golden brown in colour when ready to eat. To test, drop a little blob into a bowl of cold water; it should firm up.
 * 3) Pour this caramel mixture over the base, and let it cool.

Topping

 * 1) Pour melted chocolate over the top.
 * 2) Spread the chocolate evenly, and let set.

title: Cookbook:Caramel Squares


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Automobile Repair/Geo

The Geo is like a Toyota to repair. The only difference is all the bolts are measured with inches instead of centimeters.

Geo Trackers are exactly like Suzuki Sidekicks. Repair is not difficult as there is ample room in the engine bay. A level B mechanic could shoot through these cars no problem. The only maintenance that is necessary that is not listed is to inspect the ladder frame as some have a tendency to develop heavy rust at the welds.

title: Automobile Repair/Geo


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Talk:Animal Behavior/Pheromones in ants and bees

i propose to include the content of this page into the book section on sensory biology = chemical senses Robert Huber 10:56, 21 February 2007 (UTC)


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User:Robert Huber~enwikibooks

Robert Huber is a biologist at Bowling Green State University. He began creating an online html-based modular textbook for Animal Behavior in 1998. These modules are now being developed into the Wikibook Animal Behavior.

title: User:Robert Huber~enwikibooks


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Animal Behavior/Endocrinology

The Glandular Systems
The body has to types of glandular systems, the endocrine, which generally secrete hormones through the bloodstream, and the exocrine which secrete fluids to the outer surfaces of the body, such as sweating.

title: Animal Behavior/Endocrinology


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Main Page/test/Humanities and arts department

(Test: see discussion) A list of the more complete books in this department are shown below. At the bottom of the page you will find a listing of all the books in this department. Many of these other books have considerable content and are well worth exploring.

sr:Викикњиге:Одсек за лепе уметности


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Haskell/Solutions/GUI

1. gui-function with a checkbox, row layout. (replace row with column to get column layout)

gui :: IO gui = do  f <- frame [ text := "Hello World!" ]  st <- staticText f [ text := "Hello StaticText!" ]  b <- button f [ text := "Hello Button!" ]  cb <- checkBox f [ text :=  "Hello Checkbox!" ]  set f [ layout := row 5 [ widget st, widget b, widget cb ] ]

2. gui-function with nested layout-combinators.

gui :: IO gui = do  f <- frame [ text := "Hello World!" ]  st <- staticText f [ text := "Hello StaticText!" ]  b <- button f [ text := "Hello Button!" ]  cb <- checkBox f [ text := "Hello Checkbox!" ]  set f [ layout := row 5 [ widget cb         , column 25 [ widget st           , widget b             ] ]        ]

3. gui-function with a radiobox control. The documentation of the radioBox function says Create a new radio button group with an initial orientation and a list of labels. As can be seen on the documentation of Orientation, it is either Horizontal or <tt>Vertical</tt>. I'm using <tt>Vertical</tt> here, but it doesn't matter.

gui :: IO gui = do  f <- frame [ text := "Hello World!" ]  st <- staticText f [ text := "Hello StaticText!" ]  b <- button f [ text := "Hello Button!" ]  cb <- checkBox f [ text :=  "Hello Checkbox!" ]  rb <- radioBox f Vertical ["Hello Option 1!", "Hello Option 2!" ] [ text := "Hello Radiobox!" ]  set f [ layout := column 5 [ row 5 [ widget cb           , column 25 [ widget st             , widget b               ] ]         , widget rb           ] ]  return

4. <tt>gui</tt>-function for the complete layout as in the screenshot:

gui :: IO gui = do  f <- frame [ text := "Hello World!" ]  st <- staticText f [ text := "Hello StaticText!" ]  b <- button f [ text := "Hello Button!" ]  cb <- checkBox f [ text := "Hello Checkbox!" ]  rb <- radioBox f Vertical ["Hello Option 1!", "Hello Option 2!" ] [ text := "Hello Radiobox!" ]  set f [ layout := boxed "Hello Box 1" $ column 5 [ row 5 [ widget cb           , boxed "Hello Box 2" $ column 25 [ widget st             , widget b               ] ]         , widget rb           ] ]  return

title: Haskell/Solutions/GUI


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Haskell/Solutions/Indentation

Explicit characters in place of indentation
There are of course many valid answers, given that you can indent the code and break the lines however you wish. Here is one of them:

doGuessing num = do { putStrLn "Enter your guess:"; guess <- getLine; case compare (read guess) num of { LT -> do { putStrLn "Too low!"; doGuessing num; };   GT -> do { putStrLn "Too high!"; doGuessing num; };   EQ -> putStrLn "You Win!"; }; };

title: Haskell/Solutions/Indentation


text: Haskell/Solutions/More on functions

title: Haskell/Solutions/More on functions


text:
Talk:Main Page/test/Humanities and arts department

This mode of listing the good books would be usable until we have about 20 good books in a department. It would then be necessary to split the lists by subject area and reserve the department list for a couple of the very best books. The list of books on this test page is just intended as a sample - see Nearly_complete for a better list which should be added to this page. RobinH 11:49, 21 February 2007 (UTC)


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Haskell/Solutions/Lists III

Scans
In the efficient  implementations above, we use   and   as a way to avoid having to break down the list argument with pattern matching in the where clause only to assemble it back in the right-hand side. In the Pattern matching chapter, we will see how as-patterns allow us to reach the same effect without needing.

filter and list comprehension
The boolean conditions in a list comprehension are evaluated in order, so if you swapped the conditions like this: If one of the l turned out to be an empty list the program would try to apply head on it, which would cause an error. Putting not (null l) first causes the program to, when it meets an empty list, to short-circuit the conditional - that is, ignore the second condition since the first one being false is enough for rejecting the list - thus avoiding doing head [] and the error that follows. Alternatively you may filter by pattern matching. Only non-empty lists match divided by the first element  followed by the possibly empty tail  :

title: Haskell/Solutions/Lists III


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Haskell/Solutions/Lists II

Note that, for our current purposes, it is indifferent whether to use  or , so don't worry if you have used one and the solutions below the other.

Rebuilding lists
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

The function
1. A handful of variations for each function will be shown below, in a single block:

2. One possible solution:

N.B.: the RLE example is inspired from a blog post by Don Stewart on the same subject. If you are curious, check Don's post for a neat solution which likely won't not be immediately understandable, as it uses some things we didn't see yet.

Tips and tricks
1. Both  and   have the same value. This is possible because Haskell is a lazy language, thus in both cases the result is only evaluated as needed.

2.

title: Haskell/Solutions/Lists II


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Haskell/Solutions/Simple input and output

Back to the real world
Back in Type Basics, we said:

You need to open a new window which contains all the options that they can change. Let's look at the type signature for this function:

Opening a window, however, implies not just creating it but also drawing it on the screen. The result, therefore, has to have an  type, just like   has. The real signature should be:

A real example of an  function with such a signature (except for slightly different names) can be found in the HGL package.

Sequencing actions with do
Note that the return type for read is inferred from the type of the expression it is in. 0.5*read("10.0") evaluates to 5.0, as expected. read("10.0") results in an error. In such cases a numeric type must be specified: read "10.0" ::Double, for example.

Controlling Actions
With if-statements:

An alternative using a  block:

Actions under the microscope

 * 1) A let name = value in thing binding has the same type as thing. Because we want the binding to be an IO action, the thing needs to be an IO action, so we need a do keyword.
 * No, not always. Just as in "normal" code, you can omit the do keyword if there's only one IO action following it.
 * 1) The GHCi interpreter is like one big do-block with some extra magic, so that it converts normal expressions to IO-actions. As in any do-block, you can omit the   keyword.


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Card and Magic Tricks

 Card and Magic Tricks A Broad Introduction to the Art of Magic

You've decided to study magic! This text serves as a basic introduction to the art of performing magic.

Table of Contents

 * /Introduction/
 * /Card tricks/
 * /Stacked decks/
 * /Marked decks/
 * /Packet tricks/
 * /Sleight of Hand Tricks/
 * /Coins/
 * /Numbers and Mentalism/
 * /Stand up Magic/
 * /Rope tricks/
 * /General tricks/

Truques de cartas

title: Card and Magic Tricks


text:
User:Kellen/Movies

 * The Godfather (1972)
 * The Shawshank Redemption (1994)
 * The Godfather: Part II (1974)
 * Buono, il brutto, il cattivo, Il (1966)
 * The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (2003)
 * Casablanca (1942)
 * Schindler's List (1993)
 * Pulp Fiction (1994)
 * Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980)
 * Shichinin no samurai (1954)
 * One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (1975)
 * Star Wars (1977)
 * Rear Window (1954)
 * The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (2001)
 * 12 Angry Men (1957)
 * Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)
 * The Usual Suspects (1995)
 * Cidade de Deus (2002)
 * Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb (1964)
 * Goodfellas (1990)
 * Psycho (1960)
 * The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (2002)
 * C'era una volta il West (1968)
 * Citizen Kane (1941)
 * North by Northwest (1959)
 * Memento (2000)
 * The Silence of the Lambs (1991)
 * Lawrence of Arabia (1962)
 * It's a Wonderful Life (1946)
 * Sunset Blvd. (1950)
 * Fabuleux destin d'Amélie Poulain, Le (2001)
 * Fight Club (1999)
 * American Beauty (1999)
 * The Matrix (1999)
 * Vertigo (1958)
 * Apocalypse Now (1979)
 * Taxi Driver (1976)
 * Se7en (1995)
 * Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004)
 * Léon (1994)
 * Paths of Glory (1957)
 * Chinatown (1974)
 * To Kill a Mockingbird (1962)
 * American History X (1998)
 * The Third Man (1949)
 * Untergang, Der (2004)
 * The Pianist (2002)
 * Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975)
 * M (1931)
 * The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (1948)
 * Sen to Chihiro no kamikakushi (2001)
 * Alien (1979)
 * The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)
 * A Clockwork Orange (1971)
 * Boot, Das (1981)
 * L.A. Confidential (1997)
 * The Maltese Falcon (1941)
 * Requiem for a Dream (2000)
 * Hotel Rwanda (2004)
 * The Shining (1980)
 * Double Indemnity (1944)
 * Metropolis (1927)
 * Laberinto del Fauno, El (2006)
 * Reservoir Dogs (1992)
 * Saving Private Ryan (1998)
 * Singin' in the Rain (1952)
 * Rashômon (1950)
 * Sin City (2005)
 * Raging Bull (1980)
 * Modern Times (1936)
 * Aliens (1986)
 * The Manchurian Candidate (1962)
 * Rebecca (1940)
 * The Departed (2006)
 * The Great Escape (1963)
 * Some Like It Hot (1959)
 * 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
 * All About Eve (1950)
 * Touch of Evil (1958)
 * Amadeus (1984)
 * Million Dollar Baby (2004)
 * Vita è bella, La (1997)
 * Sjunde inseglet, Det (1957)
 * Forrest Gump (1994)
 * Jaws (1975)
 * The Sting (1973)
 * Terminator 2: Judgment Day (1991)
 * Strangers on a Train (1951)
 * On the Waterfront (1954)
 * Batman Begins (2005)
 * The Elephant Man (1980)
 * Braveheart (1995)
 * Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)
 * The Wizard of Oz (1939)
 * Full Metal Jacket (1987)
 * Kill Bill: Vol. 1 (2003)
 * Blade Runner (1982)
 * The Apartment (1960)
 * Nuovo cinema Paradiso (1988)
 * The Incredibles (2004)
 * High Noon (1952)
 * City Lights (1931)
 * The Big Sleep (1946)
 * Ran (1985)
 * Notorious (1946)
 * Donnie Darko (2001)
 * Fargo (1996)
 * Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (1983)
 * Once Upon a Time in America (1984)
 * The Great Dictator (1940)
 * Crash (2004/I)
 * Cool Hand Luke (1967)
 * Finding Nemo (2003)
 * Mononoke-hime (1997)
 * The Sixth Sense (1999)
 * Unforgiven (1992)
 * Salaire de la peur, Le (1953)
 * V for Vendetta (2005)
 * Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)
 * Back to the Future (1985)
 * Oldboy (2003)
 * Ben-Hur (1959)
 * Annie Hall (1977)
 * Kill Bill: Vol. 2 (2004)
 * Yojimbo (1961)
 * The Killing (1956)
 * The Green Mile (1999)
 * Life of Brian (1979)
 * Wo hu cang long (2000)
 * The Princess Bride (1987)
 * The Deer Hunter (1978)
 * Platoon (1986)
 * The Graduate (1967)
 * It Happened One Night (1934)
 * Per qualche dollaro in più (1965)
 * Gladiator (2000)
 * Notti di Cabiria, Le (1957)
 * Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969)
 * Battaglia di Algeri, La (1966)
 * Gandhi (1982)
 * Kind Hearts and Coronets (1949)
 * Ladri di biciclette (1948)
 * The African Queen (1951)
 * Amores perros (2000)
 * The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938)
 * 8 ½ (1963)
 * Diaboliques, Les (1955)
 * Brief Encounter (1945)
 * Toy Story 2 (1999)
 * Children of Men (2006)
 * Shadow of a Doubt (1943)
 * Stand by Me (1986)
 * The Night of the Hunter (1955)
 * The Wild Bunch (1969)
 * Die Hard (1988)
 * Lola rennt (1998)
 * Harvey (1950)
 * The General (1927)
 * The Conversation (1974)
 * Smultronstället (1957)
 * Dog Day Afternoon (1975)
 * Patton (1970)
 * Duck Soup (1933)
 * Nosferatu, eine Symphonie des Grauens (1922)
 * The Prestige (2006)
 * Glory (1989)
 * The Day the Earth Stood Still (1951)
 * Gone with the Wind (1939)
 * Groundhog Day (1993)
 * The Gold Rush (1925)
 * Spartacus (1960)
 * Cabinet des Dr. Caligari., Das (1920)
 * Ying xiong (2002)
 * Trainspotting (1996)
 * Toy Story (1995)
 * Finding Neverland (2004)
 * The Grapes of Wrath (1940)
 * Heat (1995)
 * The Big Lebowski (1998)
 * The Exorcist (1973)
 * Magnolia (1999)
 * Twelve Monkeys (1995)
 * Mystic River (2003)
 * King Kong (1933)
 * A Christmas Story (1983)
 * Belle et la bête, La (1946)
 * Judgment at Nuremberg (1961)
 * Cinderella Man (2005)
 * The Philadelphia Story (1940)
 * Shrek (2001)
 * Before Sunset (2004)
 * Big Fish (2003)
 * Ed Wood (1994)
 * The Hustler (1961)
 * Snatch. (2000)
 * The Terminator (1984)
 * The Best Years of Our Lives (1946)
 * The Lady Vanishes (1938)
 * Bride of Frankenstein (1935)
 * Hotaru no haka (1988)
 * Out of the Past (1947)
 * In the Heat of the Night (1967)
 * Witness for the Prosecution (1957)
 * Little Miss Sunshine (2006)
 * Walk the Line (2005)
 * Stalag 17 (1953)
 * Sleuth (1972)
 * Bonnie and Clyde (1967)
 * Wallace & Gromit in The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (2005)
 * Young Frankenstein (1974)
 * The Thing (1982)
 * Leben der Anderen, Das (2006)
 * Hable con ella (2002)
 * Scarface (1983)
 * Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (1998)
 * Manhattan (1979)
 * Rosemary's Baby (1968)
 * Tengoku to jigoku (1963)
 * Stalker (1979)
 * Anatomy of a Murder (1959)
 * The Straight Story (1999)
 * Arsenic and Old Lace (1944)
 * United 93 (2006)
 * Sling Blade (1996)
 * Frankenstein (1931)
 * Du rififi chez les hommes (1955)
 * Kumonosu jô (1957)
 * Roman Holiday (1953)
 * The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance (1962)
 * Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)
 * All Quiet on the Western Front (1930)
 * Monsters, Inc. (2001)
 * Doctor Zhivago (1965)
 * Quatre cents coups, Les (1959)
 * The Lost Weekend (1945)
 * Umberto D. (1952)
 * The Searchers (1956)
 * The Ox-Bow Incident (1943)
 * Bringing Up Baby (1938)
 * Planet of the Apes (1968)
 * A Streetcar Named Desire (1951)
 * Mou gaan dou (2002)
 * Idi i smotri (1985)
 * Kakushi-toride no san-akunin (1958)
 * Dial M for Murder (1954)
 * Inherit the Wind (1960)
 * Brazil (1985)
 * Aguirre, der Zorn Gottes (1972)
 * Great Expectations (1946)
 * Harold and Maude (1971)

title: User:Kellen/Movies


text: User:Kellen/Movies/w

title: User:Kellen/Movies/w


text:
Kdenlive

 * Hint: The kdenlive manual has moved to the KDE Userbase which has translation support. All documentation efforts should go there from now on (since 2011-06-09).

Chapters

 * Introduction: what Kdenlive is
 * Getting and installing Kdenlive
 * Quickstart
 * Digital Video and Non-Linear Editing
 * Using Kdenlive
 * Video and Audio Effects
 * Troubleshooting and Known Bugs
 * Frequently asked questions
 * Deprecated

Development

 * KDE4 porting page
 * Contributor/Developer HOWTO
 * Bug reporting guide

Kdenlive Kdenlive Kdenlive Kdenlive Kdenlive Kdenlive

title: Kdenlive


text:
User talk:Admin22

You are indefinitely blocked -- Herby talk thyme 14:34, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Admin22


text:
Template:Goodbook

|Image credit This template is used to show a blurb of a book, with associated cover image. The arguments are: .
 * title=:Where  is the title of the book
 * cover=:Where  is the name of the book's cover image, if any.
 * desc=:Where  is a short paragraph about the book, to be displayed alongside the cover image.
 * size=:Where  is the width/height of the book's cover image; defaults to 210px tall; specify for SVGs which don't scale with only the height specified (use a width that creates a thumbnail 210px tall)

New Goodbook
Create a new featured book by entering its name in the field below, then add it to the list in alphabetical order, and then update the total at Main Page/Featured. Semi-protect the page after creation.

Putting it in the list of all featured books
Add the title of the book to the list in alphabetical order.

Putting it on the front page
Increment the total number of featured books at Main Page/Featured by one.

title: Template:Goodbook


text:
Kdenlive/Quickstart

 Warning: the below tutorial is out of date with respect to the current version 0.7 at the time of writing! In particular, there is no longer a crossfade transition. At 2015-12-03, Version 15.08.3

 This quick start guide will take you from start to finish of making your own video.

Meeting the Kdenlive interface
When you first start Kdenlive, you will have a window looking something like this :

In the default layout, there are five docks in the main window. Whilst all docks in Kdenlive are fully configurable, it is assumed for this tutorial that you are using the default layout.

The Project Panel
The panel to the top left holds various informational and editing tabs about the current project:

The first one is the Project Tree tab. The Project Tree shows the video clips, images, slideshows, colour clips and title clips that belong to your project.

Second tab is the Effect Stack tab. If you have different effects applied to your clips, in this tab you will be able to define the order in which they are applied and also parametrise them.

Third tab is the Transition tab. On this tab, you can change different parameters for a transition.

Effect List Panel
The Effect List panel shows you available audio, video and custom effects for your project. Note the drop down selector that allows you to show on the video, audio or custom effects.

The Monitor Panel
The third panel from the left, holds the monitors that Kdenlive has. The Clip monitor is used to preview clips, and to select a section of a clip to add to the timeline.

The Project monitor displays the final video - what your final edit will look like.

The Capture monitor allows you to directly capture video from a number of sources: A camera connected to your computer Firewire port, a Video4Linux source, such as an webcam or tvcard, or a screen capture.

The Undo Panel
The last panel in the top row is the Undo History panel, which shows your editing history and allows you to undo/redo any editing action.

The Timeline
The panel at the bottom of the window holds the timeline. The timeline gives you a visual representation of your project, and shows when clips start, when they end, and in the case of overlapping clips, which one will actually be used. The timeline can contain multiple tracks. You can add video clips, sound clips, and other fancy stuffs to the tracks.

A status bar is located at the bottom of the timeline. This bar provides information about your project and also holds some useful icons. You can use it to select the update or razor tool, zoom the timeline, toggle on/off the thumbnails for video and audio, and show markers and snappoints. It also displays the timeline time of your cursor.

Now, to the video!
Now that you know what all those sections and buttons in the window are, we will do a basic configuration for a project, add pieces of video and sound to it, move those pieces around and so on.

Project Settings & Preferences
Before starting your first project, you are asked for a name, a working directory and a video size. You are always able to change this latter at the Project -> Configure Project menu option.

For detailed information about project settings and preferences, take a look at this page.

Using clips in your project
It goes without saying that to get any further, you will need to have some clips on your computer that you can use. To get some clips, you could go to 'YouTube', or capture them directly using either your video camera or TV-capture-device. For this section we assume that you already have some files available that are supported by Kdenlive (see supported formats in the features page).

Now that you have some clips, you can add them to your project. Select the Project List tab on the project pane, and then click on the "Add clip" icon in the top right to bring up the context menu. From here, select "Add Clips" to bring up a standard KDE open dialog. Find your clips, select as many as you want to add (select more than one by holding the Ctrl key), and they will be added!

Your added clips will now appear in the project list, along with their duration and a few other pieces of information (like a thumbnail).

For the purpose of this Quickstart guide, and in order to show you the basic Kdenlive functionalities, we'll work with two of your clips, adding a title at the beginning, a video transition between them and a video effect to a part of one clip. Finally, we'll render the project to obtain a nice DVD ready to be burned and played on our TV.

Creating a title
Firstly, we are going to create a title clip for your project. Kdenlive is able to create simple titles. We can also work with external image editors (like GIMP) to create more sophisticated titles and then add them to the project list as explained above.

To create a title clip, select "Add clip" icon and, in the context menu, select "Create Text Clip". A new window like this will be presented:

In this window, you can give a name to your clip, define the duration, the letter type, size and colour. You'll also have the following icons:

To enter the text

To draw a box

To bring to front / send back the text or the box

You can now select the "Enter text" icon, write the title and click "OK". The text will appear in the window and you can drag and drop it wherever you want on the screen. To improve your title, click the "Draw box" icon and, with the left mouse button pressed, draw a box on the screen. Before doing so, you need to change the box colour in the same way as you did for the text. If the box and the text have the same colour, they may interfere!

Don't worry if you can't see your text now! Select the box and try with the "Bring to front/send back" icons. Better now, huh?

By dragging and dropping the box and the text and by playing with the movement icons, you can obtain quite nice titles!

Dragging clips to the timeline
Now that you have some clips in your project, it is time to start editing them together into your dream video. There are two basic ways to add a clip to the timeline.

You can drag a clip directly from the project list. Select one of the clips that you have added to the project list, and drag it to the timeline. As soon as the mouse reaches a track, the clip will appear on the track. With this kind of drag, the entire duration of the clip is placed on the timeline. You can then edit the clip from the timeline.

The other way is to select a segment of a clip and then add this segment to the timeline. When you click on a clip in the project list, the Clip Monitor will automatically load the clip. You can then press Play on the Clip Monitor and get an idea of which bits of the clip you actually want on the timeline. Then, position the seek marker to where you want your clip to start and click the "inpoint" button. Move the cursor to where you want the clip to end, and click the "outpoint" button. Finally, you can move this cut-down clip to the timeline by clicking the video screen on the Clip Monitor and, holding down the left mouse button, placing it in the desired point of the timeline. The selected zone between the in and out point will then appear there as a clip (to be more precise, a subclip as we've selected only a part of the original clip).

Choose your way and, to continue with the quickstart guide, be sure to move two clips (or subclips) to the timeline. One to Track #1 and the other to Track #2.

Moving and resizing clips on the timeline
Moving the selected clips around on the timeline is as simple as clicking on them with the left mouse button and dragging them around. You can resize clips directly from the timeline. Simply move the mouse cursor to the beginning or end of the clip you want to resize. Now, click and drag with the left mouse button to resize the clip.

Resizing a clip changes its in and out points. If you reselect the clip and look in the clip monitor, you will see that the in and out points on the monitor show the new positions. It is not possible to resize an audio or video clip past their length - if a clip is 30 seconds in length, then you will not be able to resize the clip so that it finishes playing 35 seconds into the clip! -. On the other hand, you can resize text, image or color clips to increase or reduce their length as you want.

When you are resizing and moving clips, there is a handy "snap to" feature, which will snap the edges of clips to other clips and the current seek position. This is useful for quickly lining clips up with each other, but in some cases may not be what you want. You can turn this behaviour on and off using the "Snap to" icons:

To move multiple clips, hold down shift, then drag a selection box on the timeline. You should click then with the mouse outside a clip to start doing the selection box. Test this on an empty timeline, should be clear. Combine with zoom (ctrl+mousewheel) to be able to select a large portion of the timeline.

Removing clips from the timeline
There are some ways to remove a clip from the timeline. Maybe the easier one is to select the clip or clips that you want to delete, and press the "Delete" button on your keyboard.

Another way is to select the clips that you want to delete, press the right mouse button and in the context menu select option Delete Clip.

By this, you'll remove the clip from the timeline but it still appears in the "Project Tree" list. If you select the clip here and proceed as above, you'll remove it also from the project. But do not worry, it still remains physically on your disk!

Splitting clips in the timeline
Sometimes you may need to delete (maybe because you let your video-camera or TV-capture-device run too long) or maybe to apply a video effect to only a part of a clip. Kdenlive allows you to do so by splitting the original clip.

To split a clip, the normal way is to place the timeline cursor at the splitting point (you can adjust the exact position by playing with the "Next frame" and "Previous frame"  buttons in the "Timeline Monitor"). Then press the right mouse button and in the context menu select option Razor Clip. (The razor cuts before the current frame, so the right strip will contain the frame you're standing on.) With this option only the clip in the current track will be split.

You can split all clips at that position selecting the option Razor All Clips in the edit menu.

Adding a transition
We are going now to add a transition between two clips. Transitions are normally used to smoothly change from one clip to another (or from one scene to another). Some transitions can be used also as video effects (Picture in Picture, for example). These powerful features are explained in detail in this page, but for the purpose of this quickstart guide, we'll focus on an easy one, the crossfade transition (but see the warning at the top of this page!)

Before start, be sure that you have your two videoclips in tracks #1 and #2. Also, move (as explained before) the title clip that we've created previously to the start of track #0.

If we want to apply a transition, we need to overlap the required clips in different tracks. So first thing to do is to move the clip in track #1 to overlap with the title in track #0, let say by 2 seconds.

To better control this overlap you can change the timeline zoom using the viewer tool. Click on the magnifying glass and select a small scale or click on the ruler and drag left.

Once done, click on the title clip and press the right mouse button. In the context menu select Add transition -> Crossfade. A yellow bar will appear between the clips in tracks #0 and #1 indicating your transition has been added to the project.

At this point your screen should look like this one:

To have a real time view of how your transition works, you can click the seek marker and drag it over the transition area. If everything is OK, you should see in the "Timeline Monitor" how the title clip disappears at the same time the video clip is displayed.

To edit a transition and change parameters, you can double click on it (the yellow bar). In this way, it will become red and the focus in the "Project Panel" will change to the "Transition tab". In this tab you'll be able to change the transition parameters if needed.

As the Crossfade is an easy transition, the only parameters you can change are the transition direction and the track where it applies.

If the Invert direction parameter is selected, the upper track clip is shown first and the transition is applied until the view changes to the lower track clip. If the parameter is not selected, then the direction is the other way round.

The track to apply the transition is normally the next track after the one where we created the transition. But you can change this behaviour by selecting others in the Track Selection List. This is a powerful feature for advanced transitions, but for the moment we'll not use, so be sure your selection is Automatic – Use next video track.

You can play now creating a new transition between clips in tracks #1 and #2 in the same way as explained above.

Adding effects
Now you know how to create a transition between clips, is time to experiment with another feature in Kdenlive: The effects.

Effects are ways to change your original clip. Kdenlive comes with different effects that can be applied to the audio and others that can be applied to the video. The small number of standard audio effects can be easily increased if you use the Ladspa plug-ins (see this page to know how to load them).

To know in detail all effects and how they works, you can have a look at this page.

In this guide we'll know how to apply a "Greyscale" effect to a clip. This effect, as the name indicates, will take out colors from the video and display it in black & white (well, really using black, white and different grey tones! ).

Normally, except some of them, the effects apply to a full clip so, if you want to limit the effect to just a part, you need to create "subclips" as explained before in this page.

So let's go to clip in track #2. Select it and click the right mouse button. In the context menu select Add Video Effect -> Greyscale. You'll see immediatly how the colours in your clip dissapear and are replaced by grey tones!

In the same way as transitions, you can also edit the effect parameters. To do so, select the "Effect Stack" tab in the Project Panel. Unfortunately, the Greyscale effect is so easy that has no parameters!

But in this tab, you can also find some useful icons to organize the effects:

to move the effect up in the list (that means it will be applied first to the clip)

to move the effect down in the list

to reset all effect parameters to the default values

to remove the effect from the clip

You can see also that behind the effect name there's a checkbox. If you uncheck it, the effect will not be applied but still remains in the effect list with the selected parameters (if any!). This is useful if you want to use it later on.

And behind the "Parameters" tab, you'll notice another one titled "Keyframes". For some effects, you can select as many keyframes as you need in the clip and for each keyframe you can define different parameters. This is useful if you want, for example, mute a part of a clip. You can do so in two ways:

- Creating a subclip and applying the "Mute" audio effect to this subclip - Or using the "Volume" effect. This can be applied to the full clip and, by defining different keyframes you can adjust the volume, for example, to start muted, then increase progressively, then continue at normal level, then decrease progressively and become muted, continue muted for a time and start again progressively ...

To know more about keyframes and how to work with them see this page

Rendering your work
At this point we are ready to render our project and see how it looks on our TV, PC, ... If you've followed the steps until now, your screen should look like this one:

You have a title clip in track #0 with a crossfade transition between it and the other clip in track #1. Another transition (this one made by you!) between this clip and the one in track #2 and a greyscale effect applied to this clip.

Now follow some steps to create a DVD with this project. With Kdenlive you'll be able to easily create a DVD video structure and burn it (if you have installed the program k3b). You will also add a simple menu with chapters and even with an intro movie if you like.

To create a DVD video, you can follow these steps:

- Select the menu option Render -> Export to DVD. - You'll be presented with a window to enter export details:

- In this screen you should enter the folder name where the DVD structure should be created and the DVD format (PAL/NTSC). Be sure that the option "Render file now" is selected.

As you can see, in this screen it's also possible to define the DVD chapters and also to create the DVD from an existing video file (.VOB), but for the moment we are not going to use these options. For further details see this page.

- Press the "Next" button. In the following dialog you can select to create a DVD menu or not. If you want to, check the "Create Menu" option and the rest of the data will be accessible.

You can choose to use a plain colored screen for your menu (click on the color box to select it), an image file or even a movie file (enter the path and name if selected). Also, you can define a pause between chapters if you have created such.

In the "Buttons" tab you can define the title text, font and size and the different colors for the button depending on status (not selected, selected, pressed).

In the "Intro" tab you can indicate a video file to be presented before the menu appears in the screen (like an introduction video).

- When you've entered data, press again the "Next" button. Kdenlive is now ready to generate the DVD using the program DvdAuthor. Click on "Generate DVD" to do so.

A message will appear telling you to continue working while the video is generated. You can see progress in the "Status Bar".

When the process is finished, you may choose to work with the generated DVD externally (you'll find the Audio & Video directories in the specified path) or return again to this screen by selecting menu option Render -> Export to DVD. If you decided to go on with Kdenlive, you'll have options to directly burn your video (using k3b), preview it (using Xine) or edit again the structure (using QDvdAuthor).

Congratulations! You've created your first video with Kdenlive. Enjoy it and continue reading to know more about this program and its advanced features.

Tutorials in video
Sometimes it is much more easier to understand something by watching how it is done, than by reading about it. Some video tutorials were made for simple tasks in Kdenlive. Ensure that you have a media player capable of playing .OGG videos:

 * How to create and edit a transition

 * Creating a Virtual Clip

 * How to use guides and markers

Kdenlive/ Schnellstart Kdenlive/Guía rápida Kdenlive/Démarrage_rapide Kdenlive/Guida_rapida

title: Kdenlive/Quickstart


text:
Kdenlive/UsingKdenlive

 Quickstart < Up > Command Reference

=Chapter 3. Using Kdenlive=

The Project List
The project list shows all of the clips that are available for this project.

You can see the number of times that a particular clip is in use. This includes all usage of the clip - for instance, if a clip is being displayed in the clip monitor, then that counts as one usage for the clip.

Adding clips to the project
If you drag a clip onto the timeline that is not in the project (for instance, if you drag a dv straight from konqueror to Kdenlive), then it will be automatically added to the project for you.

You can add clips to the projectlist yourself. Either use the project list context menu (right click on the window), or the Project menu on the menu bar. Select 'Add Clips' to bring up a file dialog in which you can select the clip you wish to add to this project. As long as the clips are valid, they will appear in the project list.

Deleting clips via the project list
You can delete clips from your project by selecting 'Delete Clip' via the clip context menu (right click) or from the Project menu. When you delete a clip from the project list this will also remove any clips on the timeline that are using it.

Examining Clip Properties

Clean Project - removing unused clips
Use clean project to remove any clips from your project that are currently unused. This is great if your project list has become cluttered and you want to get a concise view of which clips exist. Cleaning a project will not alter your final edit in any way - the only clips that are removed are those that are no longer in use anywhere.

Transitions
Transitions are probably one of the most interesting features of non-linear video edition. They are used between two clips and they allow a soft, or a sophisticated way of passing from one scene to the other. This is a contrast with the "hard" or "dry" cut between scenes -- which, prior to the computer adoption, were very hard to make or required special equipment.

For using a transition effect in Kdenlive, you must place the two clips you want to join in different video tracks, in such a way that they "overlap" each other a little bit --- exactly in the points you want to place the transition. Then, right-click the mouse over the first clip (the "outgoing" one), then select Add transition in the context menu, and point the mouse towards the arrow for seeing the transition types available. Then you will see a yellow rectangle placed between the video tracks, representing the transition. For having a live preview of how the transition will look like, simply drag the timeline cursor from left to right over the transition area.

You can modify the transition effect, or the way it works, by left-clicking the mouse twice over this yellow rectangle. This will turn it into red and cause the "Transition" tab in the top-left panel to pop and show the properties you can set for the currently selected transition effect --- and, if you want, you can choose another type of transition, clicking at the icons at the left of this panel. We will call this operation as "entering in edit mode" for the transition.

At the time of version 0.4, Kdenlive provides four major kinds of transitions, which are expected to be expanded and more stable in version 0.5.

Crossfade
This is the most known and used transition effect --- the scenes are softly blended, the second scene becoming bolder until the first scene is completely over. This effect can also be used for the widely known fade-in/fade-out effect.

For creating the fade in/out, you can create a color clip with any desired color and use it as the first or second scene of the transition. If you simply want to use the default "fade to/from black", you can simply enter in edit mode and, at the top-left panel, click in the combobox Perform transition with: and choose "Background track (black)".

Push
This transition does not blend the clips --- instead, the "outgoing" clip is "pushed out" the screen by the incoming clip.

In the edit mode for the Push transition, you must use the Start and End radiobuttons to define, respectively, where the first scene will be "positioned" in the screen during the transition --- in other words, you set the push direction. For that, just click in the rectangles of the 3x3 matrix shown. Usually you will click in the central rectangle for "Start"; you will certainly see no transition effect if you choose another start position.

The Transparency control allows you to set, well, transparency to the clip which is going out the screen. It is applied also according to the "Start" and "End" buttons. You will normally want the outgoing clip to vanish during the movement, so you will set 0 or a low value for transparency at "Start", and a higher value at "End".

Anyway, you might want the second clip to "come into the screen" --- so you can use the "Invert direction" checkbutton, and use accordingly inverted values and directions for "Start" and "End". Play around with the options until you get the desired effect.

PIP
PIP stands for Picture in picture, and this transition effect causes the impression that the second clip is growing from a point, or the first clip is shrinking to a certain point.

The Effect List
The effect list contains different audio and video effects. An effect can modify the video or the sound clip, like change the color balance of a video clip, or add extra gain to the sound clip.

Kdenlive audio effects
These audio effects are available in Kdenlive 0.4:

 * Mute(MLT effect) hides audio from a clip
 * Volume(MLT effect) adjust clip audio volume with keyframes

 * Declipper(LADSPA effect) remove clicks from the soundtrack
 * Vinyl(LADSPA effect) emulate the sound of a vinyl record player
 * Limiter(LADSPA effect) limit the audio volume
 * Equalizer(LADSPA effect) stereo equalizer
 * Phaser(LADSPA effect) phaser effect
 * Pitch Scaler(LADSPA effect)
 * Pitch Shifter(LADSPA effect)
 * Rate Scaler(LADSPA effect)
 * Reverb(LADSPA effect)
 * Room Reverb(LADSPA effect)

Ladspa audio effects will only be available if you have the required dependencies installed:
 * Ladspa (ladspa-sdk)
 * libJack (libjack-dev)
 * Ladspa plugins (swh-plugins)

Kdenlive video effects
These video effects are available in Kdenlive 0.4:

 * Brightness
 * Charcoal
 * Gamma
 * Greyscale
 * Invert
 * Mirror
 * Obscure allows you to mask a portion of screen with keyframable mosaic effect.
 * Sepia
 * Speed allows you to slow down, speed up, reverse play and make stroboscope effect (*)
 * Freeze allows you to freeze the clip at, after or before a user defined frame (*)

(*) Needs latest MLT cvs development version

The Effect Stack
The effect stack contains the effects used for the selected track element.

Using Virtual Clips
Virtual clips work in Kdenlive differently than in other editing software. In Kdenlive, a virtual clip is the dynamic duplicate of a section of your timeline. It means that you can apply transitions, filters and everything, they will reflect in the virtual clip. One of the use of this is when you make a movie with chapters and want the same background for your titles, you can create a virtual clip for this, and then put the virtual clip as background of your titles. Then, changing the virtual zone will update all your chapters background.

The Workspace Monitor
The workspace monitor shows the video that is the result of the current timeline. It works in a similar way to the clip monitor.

Inpoints and outpoints on the workspace monitor achieve the same purpose as they do on the clip monitor. You can choose a part of the current timeline, and drag a clip of it back to the timeline. You will get a "project clip", which is a clip that contains all of the clips on the timeline in the state when you made it. It is useful for grouping together a number of clips when you have finished editing them and want to be able to treat them as a single clip.

Rendering your project
When you have finished editing, you can render your project via the Render->Export Timeline menu. This brings up a dialog, which allows you to choose your export format, export options, and filename to save as.

Loading and saving your project
Load your project via the File->open menu. Save your project via the File->save-as menu.

Setup the renderer
With this dialogbox, you can configure all parameters for the renderer program.

title: Kdenlive/UsingKdenlive


text:
Kdenlive/Introduction

 Index > Next : Features

=Chapter 1. Introduction=

Kdenlive is a non-linear video editor for KDE. Please report any problems or feature requests to  or use the kdenlive-devel mailing list at |sourceforge.net

What is a video editor?
A video editor is an application that allows you to create a new video out of various scenes from one or more other videos.

What is the difference between linear editing and non-linear editing?
Before editing video on computer was possible, most editing was done on linear editors - these work by having essentially, two video recorders. The first would hold the video that you are editing together, and the second would be used to find the next clip that you want to record. Find a clip, record it, find the next clip, record it. This is called linear editing because the medium of tape forced things to be edited sequentially. If you have edited 10 minutes worth of footage together, and decide that you made a mistake after five minutes, you can't just "push" the last five minutes around to add space for new clips.

Non-linear editing is by far a more flexible way of editing. You can place clips anywhere within your final video (in Kdenlive, this is represented via the timeline), and you can move them around as much as you want, rearrange them in a completely different order. Best of all, at any point during this you can press play and (with a sufficiently powerful computer) watch back what you have done there and then.

title: Kdenlive/Introduction


text:
Kdenlive/CommandReference

 Using Kdenlive < Index > Frequently Asked Questions

=Chapter 4. Command Reference=

The File Menu
File->New (Ctrl-n)

Creates a new document. File->Open (Ctrl-o)

Open a saved project. File->Open Recent

Open a recently used project. File->Save (Ctrl-s)

Saves the project. File->Save As...

Saves the project under a different filename. File->Quit (Ctrl-q)

Quits Kdenlive

The Edit Menu
Edit->Undo (Ctrl-z)

Undo the last edit to the timeline. Edit->Redo (Ctrl-Shift-z)

Redo a previously undone edit to the timeline. Edit->Cut (Ctrl-x)

Non-functional at present Edit->Copy (Ctrl-c)

Non-functional at present. Edit->Paste (Ctrl-v)

Non-functional at present

The Project Menu
Project->Add Clips

Add clips to the project list. Project->Delete Clips

Delete the selected clip from the project. This deletes all references to the clip, including those on the timeline, or those within composite clips. Project->Clean Project

Remove unused clips from the project list. Project->Clip Properties

Non-functional at present

The Timeline Menu
Timeline->Move/Resize Tool (q)

Select the move/resize tool to use on the timeline. This tool lets you move and resize clips on the timeline. It is the standard operating mode of the timeline. Timeline->Razor Tool (w)

Select the Razor tool to use on the timeline. This tool will cut (razor) the clip into two pieces at the time selected. Timeline->Spacer Tool (e)

Select the Spacer tool to use on the timeline. This tool lets you select all clips to the right of where you click on the timeline. Timeline->Snap To Frames

If checked, all operations will snap to the nearest frame. Timeline->Snap To Border

If checked, moving and resizing clips will snap to nearby clip borders and the seek marker.

The Render Menu
Render->Export Timeline

Export the timeline to a video clip. Also known as rendering down.

The Layout Menu
Layout Menu->Load Layout 1 (F9)

Loads up a previously saved screen layout. Layout Menu->Load Layout 2 (F10)

Loads up a previously saved screen layout. Layout Menu->Load Layout 3 (F11)

Loads up a previously saved screen layout. Layout Menu->Load Layout 4 (F12)

Loads up a previously saved screen layout. Layout Menu->Save Layout 1 (Ctrl-Shift-F9)

Saves the current screen layout to layout slot 1. Layout Menu->Save Layout 2 (Ctrl-Shift-F10)

Saves the current screen layout to layout slot 2. Layout Menu->Save Layout 3 (Ctrl-Shift-F11)

Saves the current screen layout in layout slot 3. Layout Menu->Save Layout 4 (Ctrl-Shift-F12)

Saves the current screen layout in layout slot 4.

The Settings Menu
Settings->Show Toolbar

Show/hide the toolbars. Settings->Show Statusbar

Show/Hide the status bar. Settings->Configure Shortcuts...

Configure Kdenlive keyboard shortcuts. Settings->Configure Toolbars...

Configure the toolbars. Settings->Configure Kdenlive...

Configure Kdenlive

The Help Menu
Help->Kdenlive Handbook

View the Kdenlive handbook (this document). Help->What's This? (Shift-F1)

After selecting this, click on part of the gui to find out what it does. Help->Report Bug...

Report a bug about Kdenlive Help->About Kdenlive

See information about Kdenlive, including the license, authors and contributers. Help->About KDE

See information about the KDE project.

title: Kdenlive/CommandReference


text:
Kdenlive/Getting and installing

Kdenlive should compile on most recent GNU/Linux and FreeBSD systems, including x86 and AMD64 architectures. Also, it is already compiled and ready to install in binary packages for a number of distros.

The current version (0.7) of Kdenlive is a KDE4 program. This means that you will need some KDE4 support on your system to compile or use Kdenlive. But, you do not need to actually run KDE4 for this. You can build/install and run under KDE3, Gnome, and other desktop environments. This is similar to running KDE3 apps from Gnome, or Gnome apps from KDE.

=Installing .75 = General

Put video here.

Installing from SVN
svn co https://kdenlive.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/kdenlive/trunk/kdenlive More information? Instructions? Video?

=Installing Kdenlive 0.7 (KDE4) from source=

Please follow the instructions on http://www.kdenlive.org/compile

Fedora 11
Long story short, it took quite a bit of energy and time and expertise to get Kdenlive installed.
 * video I
 * video II
 * video III
 * video IV

Fedora 10 (Cambridge) x86_64
Please see Developer section ( or maybe I am supposed to put building stuff here?). /*Istalling Kdenlive 0.7 (KDE4)from source*/

=Installing Kdenlive 0.7 (KDE4) binary packages= Many distros already offer Kdenlive for easy installation. Check http://www.kdenlive.org/content/2008-09-26-download-kdenlive

Gentoo
Gentoo offers ebuilds for kdenlive 0.7. You'll need a basic install of KDE 4, then

and you're done.
 * 1) emerge kdenlive

If you're running only KDE 3.5, you'll have to use kdenlive-0.5 or install from sources: svn revision 1825 is reported to work decently (see below).

= Compiling libraries =

Warning : for Kdenlive for KDE4 version, please read : http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Kdenlive/KDE4_Porting

Installing from SVN
Make sure you install all listed libraries before attempting to compile Kdenlive!!! Install libraries in the order listed on that page. Most libraries and header files should be packaged in your GNU/Linux distribution. Just install the requested packages:

Provided with most distributions (usually named qt-devel and kdelibs-devel. For debian users, see debian-desktop.org for a recent KDE environment).
 * QT and KDE development files (KDE >= 3.4 required)

Provided with most distributions. Install the devel package: SDL-dev and SDL-image-dev.
 * SDL

 * Audio / video and other libraries (you should be able to find binary packages for all of them in your distro):
 * Gdk-Pixbuf (gdk-pixbuf, gdk-pixbuf-dev) (not needed anymore)
 * libsamplerate (libsamplerate, libsamplerate-dev)
 * OGG (libogg, libogg-dev)
 * Vorbis (libvorbis, libvorbis-dev)
 * libdv (libdv, libdv-dev)
 * Ladspa (ladspa-sdk)
 * libJack (libjack-dev)
 * Ladspa plugins (swh-plugins)
 * SOX (sox, sox-dev)
 * libXML2 (libxml2, libxml2-dev)
 * libmad (libmad-dev)

If you cannot find a recent package for libavformat-dev or libswcale-dev (hint: for Ubuntu try http://ubuntu.tonio.homelinux.org), download the development svn version: svn checkout svn://svn.mplayerhq.hu/ffmpeg/trunk ffmpeg ffmpeg recommended config option: ./configure --enable-gpl --enable-shared --enable-libvorbis --enable-libogg --enable-pp --enable-swscaler
 * Optional:
 * Libquicktime (libquicktime, libquicktime-dev)
 * Theora (libtheora, libtheora-dev)
 * FFMPEG (libavformat development files, recent version + libswscale, libswscale-dev):

(update 4.4.2008 by espinosa_cz: in recent ffmpeg from SVN names of some parameters changed use --enable-postproc --enable-swscale instead of --enable-pp --enable-swscaler)

For (K)Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy) :

You can install all needed packages for the SVN building by installing (sudo apt-get install or from Synaptic) the following packages:
 * 1) NOTE this may install the KDE Desktop onto Ubuntu!  That's a lot of sweet software!
 * 2) NOTE2 this list is growing; if you're aware of something that can be removed, please do!
 * 3) NOTE3 I've cleaned the list and, in case of doubt, I've mention it but keep the file just in case. If somebody can test and clean even more this will be appreciated (herrej01)

kde-devel (not sure) qt4-dev-tools kdelibs4-dev libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev (not sure) libgdk-pixbuf-dev libsamplerate0 (not sure) libsamplerate0-dev ladspa-sdk libjack-dev swh-plugins sox (not sure) sox-dev libxml2-dev libmad0-dev libcgicc1-dev checkinstall build-essential subversion python2.4 libx264-dev cmake libgsm1-dev autotools-dev g++ autoconf automake1.9 xdialog ccache debhelper html2text libsndfile1-dev intltool-debian (not sure) po-debconf (not sure)

The following libs will be needed depending on the type of file you want to render

libsmpeg-dev libquicktime-dev libogg-dev libvorbis-dev libdv4-dev liblame-dev libfaad2-dev libfaac-dev libxvidcore4-dev liba52-0.7.4 (not sure) liba52-0.7.4-dev

I think the following libs are not needed assuming you've already installed dvgrab

libavc1394-dev libiec61883-dev

And finally, following libs are not needed if you are going to install ffmpeg, mlt and mlt++ from source

libavformat-dev libmlt++-dev libmlt-dev libswscale-dev

 * MLT (version 0.2.4 or greater):

mlt 0.2.4 stable release is required for Kdenlive 0.5.

You can install mlt 0.2.4 or checkout MLT from SVN: svn co https://mlt.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/mlt/trunk/mlt mlt

Recommended config option for MLT: ./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-gpl --disable-mmx --avformat-swscale --enable-motion-est

All other MLT configure options are enabled by default.

You might need --avformat-ldextra if your ffmpeg/libavcodec is built against some external libs like libmp3lame or libvorbis. My ld.so does not require this, but it seems some systems/environments require it.

NOTE 1:Make sure that the configure output gives no error for modules/avformat, since it means FFMpeg was not correctly installed. Make sure swh-plugins and ladspa-sdk packages are installed. These packages provide sound effects. MLT has many dependencies, but you will be warned at ./configure time

NOTE 2: When you are on (K)Ubuntu and the ./configure... step ends in errors like:

Either edit the ./configure file and replace on the first line "#!/bin/sh" to "#!/bin/bash" and run again, or simply type: bash ./configure ..... This problem is caused due to the fact that (K)Ubuntu Edgy defaults to the dash shell instead of the bash shell. Dash is currently known for being less compatible with scripting.

Checkout MLT++ from SVN: svn co https://mlt.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/mlt/trunk/mlt++ mlt++
 * MLT++ (version 0.2.2 or greater)

Debian Unstable
Debian binary packages are provided by Christian Marillat. Packages include the latest ffmpeg developments are usually very well up-to-date. For example, mlt includes kdenlive module and avformat-swscale.

Add the following line to your /etc/apt/sources.list file:

deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org experimental main deb-src http://www.debian-multimedia.org experimental main deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org sid main deb-src http://www.debian-multimedia.org sid main deb http://www.debian-multimedia.org testing main deb-src http://www.debian-multimedia.org testing main
 * 1) Experimental
 * 1) Unstable
 * 1) Testing

If you haven't done so yet, import Marillat's key:

gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 1F41B907 gpg --armor --export 1F41B907 > key.asc sudo apt-key add key.asc

Then, simply type sudo apt-get build-dep kdenlive

Although as of March 2010, on some Debian systems, even after running apt-get update, you will still be told "E: Unable to find a source package for kdenlive". It seems that the structure of these file sites have changed greatly since this document was written.

When compiling Kdenlive 0.5 svn from source, you will also need: sudo apt-get install mlt libmlt0.2.3 libmlt-dev libmlt++0.2.3 libmlt++-dev

Debian Unstable & SVN KDEnlive 0.6
Make sure to have the above repositories available

sudo apt-get build-dep kdenlive mlt mlt++ ffmpeg

sudo apt-get install kde-devel qt4-dev-tools kdelibs4-dev libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libgdk-pixbuf-dev libsamplerate0 libsamplerate0-dev ladspa-sdk libjack-dev swh-plugins sox libsox-dev libxml2-dev libmad0-dev libcgicc5-dev checkinstall build-essential subversion python2.4 libx264-dev cmake libgsm1-dev autotools-dev g++ autoconf automake1.9 xdialog ccache debhelper html2text libsndfile1-dev intltool-debian po-debconf libsmpeg-dev libquicktime-dev libogg-dev libvorbis-dev libdv4-dev liblame-dev libfaad-dev libfaac-dev libxvidcore4-dev liba52-0.7.4 liba52-0.7.4-dev libavformat-dev

Then use the Easy Script Installer v3.1 available in the Forums

Red Hat Enterprise

 * *NOTE* This only lets me compile so far. Upon running, I get a crash.  Hopefully you will get further than I did.  This may be a red herring but in the past I've seen issues with Redhat and threaded libraries.

(no debugging symbols found) Using host libthread_db library "/lib/libthread_db.so.1". [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled] [New Thread -1208334640 (LWP 1479)] [KCrash handler] from /usr/lib/qt-3.3/lib/libqt-mt, lk lkn ojklnm l uihgb r6tghiju6tcrftykhuby78g6vtcfr  SHNIKAQUAWQUAWW.so.3 from /usr/lib/qt-3.3/lib/libqt-mt.so.3 $ ./kdenlive QPainter::begin: Cannot paint null pixmap QPainter::setPen: Will be reset by begin QPainter::begin: Cannot paint null pixmap QPainter::setPen: Will be reset by begin KCrash: Application 'kdenlive' crashing...
 * Backtrace:
 * 1) 6 0x076d4e43 in QMenuData::insertAny
 * 1) 7 0x076d558a in QMenuData::insertItem
 * 1) 8 0x0813b253 in Gui::KdenliveApp::KdenliveApp
 * 2) 9 0x0818671a in main
 * Error:

ffmpeg ffmpeg-devel xine dvdauthor dvgrab qt-devel kdelibs-devel SDL SDL-devel SDL_image SDL_image-devel libsamplerate libsamplerate-devel libogg libogg-devel libdv libdv-devel libvorbis libvorbis-devel ladspa ladspa-devel libjack libjack-devel sox sox-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel libmad libmad-devel
 * You can yum install all of the libraries listed above, but names may have changed slightly. I use dag's repository

 * You'll have to download and compile mlt and mlt++

configure Edit src/modules/sox/filter_sox.c, change #include  to #include  Edit src/modules/avformat/Makefile and comment out the "LDFLAGS+=-lswscale$(AVFORMAT_SUFFIX)" line inside ifdef SWSCALE stanza Edit src/modules/qimage/Makefile and add "CFLAGS+=-I/usr/include/kde" inside ifdef USE_KDE stanza make/make install
 * mlt:

 * mlt++: didn't have any problems with standard configure/make/make install

svn co svn://anonsvn.kde.org/home/kde/tags/unmaintained/3/unsermake export PATH=$PATH:path-to-unsermake-"binary"
 * unsermake

 * once you've installed mlt, mlt++, and unsermake, you can "make" inside kdenlive directory

= Compiling kdenlive =

Checkout Kdenlive from SVN: svn co https://kdenlive.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/kdenlive/trunk/kdenlive kdenlive

NOTE: Once you have dowloaded the complete svn package, you can update your local svn source by only downloading the updated parts. ''Say you have downloaded the svn into ~/kdenlive. Simply cd into ~/kdenlive and type: svn update.''

Configure Kdenlive, compile and install (NOTE: This is for the SVN version only. If you have downloaded a release version, follow the instructions in kdenlive/INSTALL).: cd kdenlive ; \ cmake. ;\ make ; \ sudo make install

Be aware of the dot (.) after cmake command. It's important !

You are now ready to use Kdenlive. Have fun !

= Compiling kdenlive & ffmpeg & mlt together - the easy way =

Best option for testers is to get updated SVN versions of ffmpeg and mlt libs when updating kdenlive. Because it is not so simple task, I have created a simple bash script to do the reparative and tricky business for you.

Download the updated version of the builder script from the forum:

 * kdenlive_builder script version 3.1

Download it, save it in your root source directory (/home/espinosa/src in my case), name it as kdenlive_builder.sh (preferably), in console change directory to you root source directory and use :

./bash kdenlive_builder.sh

An XDialog box will appear.

Choose the first option (GET) to make clean previous installations and get new sources from SVN. Program will ask where do you want to place the sources.

Choose the second option (INSTALL) to compile and install your previously downloaded sources. You'll be prompted where do you want to install the programs. If you choose in /usr, a warning message will appear and you'll be requested during installation to give your root password. This will not happen if you choose another directory in your /home path. With this option, you can select also if you want support for some audio/video types. Be sure to have necessary libs installed if you choose any of these options.

Choose the third option (FULL) to do both steps (GET & INSTALL) together.

Choose the fourth option (INFO) to obtain information about currently downloaded SVN versions.

Then run kdenlive from chosen destination directory.

This script is especially useful for testers as it supports multiple versions installed in any directory (home, opt, or local) including multiple ffmpeg and mtl. Plus, this is the way to get the right set of up-to-date main libraries, to avoid problem with outdated or failing distribution versions of mlt and ffmpeg.

If you experience an issue with the script check the forum board for discussion first.

There is also an alternative version of this script ../Kdenlive builder classic script/ which is a branch of original non-GUI, non-interactive version. Use this variant if the former does not work for you, if you prefer true batch processing, if you expect reparative calling etc.

NOTE: the script does not provide any check of libraries or header files required by kdenlive & ffmpeg & mlt, like SDL, liblame, libx264 etc. Read carefully the requirements section to have everything installed (all -dev packages)

= Compiling kdenlive & ffmpeg & mlt together - the even easier way =

I (Mads Bondo Dydensborg) have created a GUI Wizard, that can build the KDE4 (or KDE3) version of Kdenlive from current development sources. It is available from and is suited both for one-shot builds, or automated nightly builds (the later requires obtaining the sources, available from the page).

Kdenlive/ Beschaffung und Installation Kdenlive/Obtener e instalar Kdenlive/Obtenir et installer Kdenlive/Ottenerlo e installarlo

title: Kdenlive/Getting and installing


text:
Kdenlive/FAQ

This is a list of questions/answers that can be useful for users. Feel free to add your own tips.

=General=

Does Kdenlive support .ogv from Recordmydesktop?
In some versions, it's It's not in the list of supported files. But in 0.8.2.1, .ogg is listed among the available formats.

Can I import .dv files from kino?
Yes, it should work without problem. Due to a small bug, the .dv clips don't show up in the "Add Clip" dialog of Kdenlive 0.3. You can just enter an asterisk (*) in the filter line of the dialog and all files will be shown. Or simply drag and drop the dv file into Kdenlive's project view.

I am told/I have read that I can add more luma file transitions. How do I do that?
All users can add new transitions into Kdenlive by using the new "download new luma file" feature. (Settings->Get new luma transition)

How can I create luma transitions/wipes?
Create a pgm file (it is just a grayscale image with size 720x576 (PAL) or 720x486 (NTSC) with gradients. Gimp or Inkscape, for example, are quite good for creating the images. When ready simply put them in the folder ~/.kde/share/apps/kdenlive/pgm/PAL (create the folder if necessary). To test the luma files just start Kdenlive, and your new transition will automatically appear in the list. OR use a string like this in a terminal window for a real quick preview: inigo /path/to/clip1 -track -blank 10 /path/to/clip2 -transition luma:square.pgm softness=0 in=10 out=35 a_track=0 b_track=1

How can I share my luma transitions with other kdenlive users?
Using the KNewstuff technology you can now share your luma files through the internet. Simply upload your luma file to http://www.kde-files.org. You need to create a free account, then go to Add Content and upload your image file into the category Kdenlive. You can also create a tar.gz archive containing several pgm images. Please add a comment to say if the transition is PAL or NTSC, add a small jpeg preview and that's it. You could also send your cool luma files to Jean-Baptiste so that he can upload them.

=Capturing=

I get a 'read permission' error when trying to capture video (as normal user)
In order to use Firewire DV camcorders you must have read/write permission to /dev/raw1394, which is not enabled by default. You can use Kdenlive with sudo or kdesu (better within KDE), having root authorisations, to overcome this. If you want to be able to use Kdenlive as a normal user, you can also change the file describing the rules for this. In a terminal windows do as follows: $ sudo  /etc/udev/rules.d/40-permissions.rules

Find the line that says: KERNEL=="raw1394",                     GROUP="disk" and change it to: KERNEL=="raw1394",                     GROUP="video"

 * This is a security risk, but only when you have firewire storage via the raw1394 module. If you accept this risk, just do it.
 * Check also that your user is member of the group "video"
 * You might need to reboot.

Camcorder control seems to work fine, but no video is really captured
Kdenlive uses dvgrab to capture video. Make sure that you have at least dvgrab version 2.0. You can determine your version by issueing the command "dvgrab --version" in a terminal window.

=Video Editing=

How can I copy a clip from the timeline ?
This can be done by selecting the clip and then drag and drop from the clip monitor into the timeline. Since Kdenlive 0.4, just use standard copy/paste action.

How can I split the audio from the video in a clip?
Since Kdenlive 0.4, right click on a clip and choose "Split audio from selected clip". (You can also put a copy of the video clip in an audio track, and then mute (in the effects) the video clip. That way you can de-synchronise audio and video.)

How do I create a transition?
Watch this transition tutorial (What version of Kdenlive was used in this video clip?)

How can I create a virtual clip?
Watch this video tutorial (You'll need an ogg-enabled mediaplayer)

What are Guides and Markers and how do I use them?
Watch this video tutorial (You'll need an ogg-enabled mediaplayer)

How to work with 16:9 format?
Make a new project "File / New" and set "Video format" to "PAL 16:9 (720x576)". It is different than in kino, because kino works only with one track.

Getting more indices for Volume Effects?
Volume effect works with keyframes. You can add more keyframes by doing Ctrl-click in the clip at the point where you want to add a keyframe. Then you can move this keyframe by dragging it with your mouse. =General= Where is the kdenlive log of errors?

Kdenlive/Domande ricorrenti

title: Kdenlive/FAQ


text:
Kdenlive/Features

 Previous : Introduction < Index > Next : Quickstart

General description
Kdenlive! (pronounced Kay-den-live) is a Non-Linear Video Editing Suite for KDE. It is released under the GNU Public License.

The project was initially started by Jason Wood in 2002, and is now maintained by a small team of developers. Kdenlive aims to become the most advanced non-linear video editor under GNU/Linux.

This documentation is based on version 0.5 to be released soon. As Kdenlive is currently under heavy development, it's possible that some options or features are explained different here than in the version you are using.

Here are some features offered by Kdenlive 0.5 svn development version:

Compatibility

 * DV video editing
 * HDV video editing (In progress. You can import HDV clips, but they are converted to DV resolution)
 * Support for PAL or NTSC projects (4:3 and 16:9)

Video

 * Unlimited number of video tracks
 * Add/remove video tracks
 * List of video effects
 * Basic video transitions:
 * Crossfade
 * Wipe
 * Picture in picture
 * Push
 * DV quality editing
 * Dual video monitors, both capable of playback
 * Resize, move and cut an unlimited number of clips of any length
 * Create color, image and text clips
 * Automatic creation of slideshow (with crossfade) from an image folder
 * Virtual clips, allows user to create clones of a timeline zone
 * Kdenlive projects can be inserted in timeline like a normal clip

Audio

 * Unlimited number of audio tracks
 * Add/remove audio tracks
 * Audio mixing of all tracks
 * Audio thumbnails (needs MLT cvs > 29 sept. 06)
 * List of available audio effects

Formats, Rendering and Capture

 * Kdenlive uses MLT video rendering engine to display and manipulate video clips.
 * Can read raw DV, AVI DV, jpeg, gif, png, mpeg, wav, mp3, ogg, vob, wmv, flv, ... (all formats supported by ffmpeg should work)
 * You can capture DV video from a firewire device (needs dvgrab version 2.0 or higher)
 * Can export your movie to various formats: DV, DV AVI, RAW DV, Quicktime, Flash, PAL/NTSC DVD, Mpeg, Mpeg4, Real Video, Mp3, Vorbis or WAV.
 * Non blocking rendering
 * DVD wizard, lets you create a simple DVD with chapters and a basic menu in a few clicks

User interface and usability

 * A lot of handy keyboard shortcuts (completely configurable via dialog)
 * Complete timeline, with a lot of cool tools to edit your movies. HINT: Try the razor tool!
 * You can completely rearrange and save 4 different layouts to fit your needs
 * Playback control:
 * Play forward AND backward, pause (via JKL keys)
 * Stop (revert to last starting point)
 * Play selection
 * Loop selection
 * Auto scroll timeline while playing
 * Autoload last project
 * Drag-n-Drop compatability with external programs, such as Konqueror and Noatun.
 * Project management: you can create folders to sort your clips
 * Add comments to clip markers
 * Display all comments on timeline
 * Timeline guides (kind of magnetic navigation bookmarks)
 * Snap to:
 * frames
 * border
 * marker
 * guides
 * Zoom control:
 * Zoom in/out
 * Restore last used zoom factor
 * Fit to page with
 * Copy & Paste clips in timeline
 * Create virtual clips
 * User can create AND share their own video transitions and wipes

to be continued ...

title: Kdenlive/Features


text:
User talk:S2p2NewMedia

testing for the first time

title: User talk:S2p2NewMedia


text:
User:S2p2NewMedia

testing again

title: User:S2p2NewMedia


text:
User:Etf

etf AKA ericthefish - Realname: Ivan Lucas. jabber id: ericthefish /at/ jabber /dot/ org

title: User:Etf


text:
Talk:Autonomous Technology-Assisted Language Learning/Assessment

Untitled
Youngshin will provide an introduction to this Assessment module.


text:
ColdFusion Programming/data structures

Lists
The truth is that in Coldfusion a list is nothing more than a string separated by a delimiter. The default delimiter is a comma. Any delimiter can be used though.For example, ColdFusion Lists:ColdFusion Arrays:ColdFusion Structures is no less a list than the comma delimited list.

Creating a list  Output: IL,MO,IA,MN
 * 1) newlist#

Changing a list

LISTAPPEND

Note that these functions do not change the original list but rather their return value is the modified list that must be set to a variable which can be the same one that you began with.  Output: IL,MO,IA,MN,IN
 * 1) newlist#

LISTGETAT Output: MN
 * 1) ListGetAt(newlist, 4)#

LISTLEN Output: 5
 * 1) ListLen(newlist)#

LISTSETAT  Output: IL,MO,HI,MN,IN
 * 1) newlist#

LISTINSERTAT  Output: IL,MO,AL,HI,MN,IN
 * 1) newlist#

LISTDELETEAT  Output: IL,MO,AL,MN,IN
 * 1) newlist#

LISTSORT  Output: AL,IL,IN,MN,MO
 * 1) newlist#

Arrays
ColdFusion Arrays are very different than lists and provide many more utilities for manipulation. Arrays are collections of objects all linked together front-to-back.

To create an array, do the following:

There are many functions to manipulate Arrays. For instance, to add an item to myArray you may use the function ArrayAppend.

Structures
ColdFusion structures are similar in many regards to other programming languages.

Queries
In ColdFusion Queries are a datatype.

CFDUMP
When working with structures one of the most powerful tools available to you to help debug and solve programming issues is the Cfdump tag. The Cfdump tag allows you to visually display any variable regardless of its structure type even when you have nested structures.

 where mystruct is the name of the variable to be displayed. Take note that mystruct is surrounded by pound signs. This tag does not take the name of the variable but rather the variable itself. So if we create code like:  the output would be the string: mystruct not the values within mystruct.

title: ColdFusion Programming/data structures


text:
User:Weaponofmassinstruction

I am a Wikipedian (though Inactive there recently... been busy. Sorry. My talk page is "HERE" for anybody interested.

title: User:Weaponofmassinstruction


text:
Cookbook:Banana Cream-Crunch Pie

| Southern cuisine | Vegetarian Cuisine | Holiday Recipes | Dessert

Ingredients

 * 1 package (3.4 oz) banana cream-flavored pudding mix
 * 1 cup milk
 * 5 tablespoons coffee liqueur (optional), divided
 * 1 container (8 oz) frozen whipped topping
 * 2 bananas, sliced
 * 1 ea. 6 oz chocolate graham cracker pie crust
 * 3 ea. 1.4 oz toffee candy bars, chopped

Procedure

 * 1) Combine pudding mix, milk, and 4 tablespoons liqueur in a medium bowl.
 * 2) Stir with wire whisk until smooth.
 * 3) Gently fold 1 cup whipped topping into pudding mix.
 * 4) Toss banana slices with remaining 1 tablespoon liqueur and arrange in crust.
 * 5) Sprinkle with half of chopped candy.
 * 6) Spoon pudding mixture over chopped candy.
 * 7) Cover and chill 1½ hours until set.
 * 8) Spoon remaining whipped topping on top of pie just before serving.
 * 9) Sprinkle with remaining chopped candy.

title: Cookbook:Banana Cream-Crunch Pie


text:
User talk:72.131.91.74

This is your last or only warning. There is a history of placing external links connected with this account in some form. If you are not blocked immediately from editing Wikibooks you will be if you place another external link. -- Herby talk thyme 17:10, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:72.131.91.74


text:
User talk:209.221.90.204

Welcome to Wikibooks. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our collection. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 17:51, 21 February 2007 (UTC)

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Herby talk thyme 18:35, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

Blocked
You are blocked - when the block expires please edit constructively -- Herby talk thyme 19:39, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

-- MichaelFrey (talk) 17:28, 19 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:209.221.90.204