text:
Programming with Moose/Syntax/has

The most important Moose keyword is arguably "has", which is essentially the most beefed up accessor-generator ever devised. Many of these features can be found in the accompanying docs of Moose, and Class::MOP::Accessor.

Attributes of has
Below you can find all of the attributes of. Asterisk represents the default.

isa
The second most essential attribute of  is. is pronounced "Is a", and essentially does little more than tell what the attribute can be set with.

 Any Item Bool Undef Defined Value Num Int Str ClassName Ref ScalarRef ArrayRef HashRef CodeRef RegexpRef GlobRef FileHandle Object Role

These are the default choices for. In addition to them  can be set to any class name, for instance , or.

Moose v0.26 introduces parameterized types —no one knows what they really do, but they gave the ability to do such things as:

Now when you try to store to, you had better only add URI elements to the ArrayRef, or you will.

is
The heart of the attribute generating  is the attribute. If something is  the user has a getter (read-only accessor) by the specified name. Conversely, if the value supplied is  the user has a getter/setter hybrid (read-write accessor).

The default value is to not generate an accessor of either kind at all.

coerce
The   attribute to has is significantly more complex than  and. It tells Moose, "Hey dude, it would be really l33t if you could get this value into the datatype I want it to be without being a pain in the ass all the time."

Moose generally listens when you talk to it as such.

To use  you must have a supplied a subtype which can coerce.

weak_ref
You cannot use, if you set

Weak_ref stops the refcount held in the attribute from being incremented by the object. This means if you have one copy of something, and a hundred objects use it with, you can successfully destroy their copies by  'ing your one copy. Perl's garbage collector will destroy the item when its reference count reaches zero. With  your object will never increase the reference count. This prevents circular recursion, but leaves you susceptible to having the rug pulled out from under you, so to speak.

does
This will accept the name of a role which the value stored in this attribute is expected to have consumed.

required
That which is required is. All things required must have a value specified in a hash whose ref is sent to.

lazy
Don't want something to happen at compile time... Defer it! Lazy necessitates a default: you must supply one.

This one attribute introduces a whole new way to model problems. It brings a new mentality, don't do work, until it needs to get done. About time computer programs grew the ability to procrastinate without stressing me out. I'd hate to restrict a luxury of that caliber to myself.

Think of the lazy/default combination in terms of a sub that stores its return value so it doesn't have to recompute it on subsequent calls.

In this example, does not get set until you ask for it; and, in this example it pulls down a webpage, and thus we would not want to do this possibly time-consuming operation until we know we need the result.

auto_deref
Auto_deref is a tricky and deceitful little fellow. It doesn't fix perl, it only makes things slightly more simple. This attribute simply returns an expanded Array for an ArrayRef, or a Hash for a HashRef. To use auto_deref you must have, or   or a Parameterized type of one of the two:

What did I mean by deceitful well auto_deref still just simply passes by copy.

default
Default has two radically different functions:
 * 1) set a default static value.
 * 2) set a dynamic lazy  default value on the first call to the accessor

The first and most simple application of default, does nothing more than set a fall-back static value:

The second implementation of default is much more complex. Using this method, you state the attribute as  (do nothing at compile-time), and then you point the default to a function such as. When the function is called, it sees the slot is unset (fails a predicate test) and the  pointed to by default is called setting the slot with the return value. This value is cached away and will not be recomputed unless the slot again becomes unset—as in the case of calling clearer.

clearer
If you ever need to undo all changes made to a value clearer is a great way to go about it. Let's say you have made the first call to a lazy => 1 attribute, which sets the initial value to the corresponding default. Let's assume you don't like this value, and you want to reset it as if it was never called. Calling the clearer-specified method in this context will accomplish that. Internally,  deletes the slot.

If you call an accessor on a ed value it will return undef, unless there is a lazy/default</tt> combo specified. In which case it will reinitilize as if it was the first call. If you call <tt>clearer</tt> on a regular <tt>default</tt>, the value might appear to be set to <tt>undef</tt>. In effect the slot is not existence. To test for this see predicate.

Use of uninitialized value in print at test.pl line 22.

Don't ever access a Moose object's underlying hash unless writing fugly examples for books. Moose is supposed to abstract away what it is blessed. Don't remind people that the hash even exists.

predicate
All predicate does is create a sub that returns true (1) if the attribute's respective slot exists, and false (0) if it doesn't. It's a simple convenience attribute. Without, you would not easily be able to discern whether or not the slot exists without violating the black-box tenet of Object Orientation. Predicate makes this step easy, and allows you to continue without peering into the Moose internals. Predicate is only useful for:

 * Inter-operating with its family-function —which deletes the slot. Predicate can be though of as clearer_test in this context.
 * Testing to see if a non-required attribute was supplied to the constructor.
 * Testing to see if a  with a   has fired yet

Predicate takes a string which it uses to generate the predicate-sub's name:

Here we will see it in action:

trigger
A trigger is a function that gets called after you write to an accessor or when you set a value using the constructor. However, as of the time of writing they do not fire on attributes set with <tt>lazy_build</tt>, <tt>default</tt>, or <tt>builder</tt>. A trigger is set with a <tt>CodeRef</tt>, which receives the following values: $self, $value, $oldValue.

If you want a <tt>trigger</tt> to only execute when you run the setter try something more on the lines of:

If you want a trigger to fire on something that is built from a builder/default/lazy_build you will either have to explicitly unroll the trigger in the builder/default/lazy_build code, or hack a wrapper around the builder. This is because the trigger can presume the attribute is set and read from it. But, Moose only sets the attribute after the builder has returned—so you can't simply call the trigger from within the builder.

init_arg
This attribute serves two distinct purposes:
 * It can alter the key from the constructor's hash that Moose will use use to set your attribute.
 * You can ignore any values sent in the constructor by setting to it to undef.

You can tell Moose to use a different key in the constructor's hash by explicitly setting <tt>init_arg</tt> to something other than the attribute name. For example:

Or, you can have Moose ignore the constructor's hash. This will even work with a default.

This attribute can not be inherited and modified with +attr:

initializer
This feature assists in initializing (setting the slot). It fires when one of the following are met:
 * A default is present
 * A value is sent in the constructor
 * A value is computed from lazy_build
 * A value is computed from a builder
 * Or, a triggering through the meta such as <tt>Class::MOP::Attribute</tt>'s <tt>set_initial_value</tt>

If you don't set the slot in the initializer, the slot will effectively be set to <tt>undef</tt>, assuming the type system permits it.

The initializer sub receives four values: $self, $value, $writerSubRef, $attributeMeta. With $attributeMeta probably being an instance of Class::MOP::Attribute. The $writerSub is not a method.

One very important point about an initializer is it fires *after* the type system. The value must pass through a type coercion or be a valid type prior to the initializer firing.

lazy_build
Lazy_build is an attribute that is made to simplify quick construction of a class. Here is what comprises it:

handles
This feature provides another way to delegate methods to a different module.

The <tt>handles</tt> attribute can be configured in a different ways with varying degrees of syntactic sugar:
 * Array
 * Hash
 * Regex

Here is an example from HTML::TreeBuilderX::ASP_NET which uses the Regex configuration: A good and general use case is <tt>handles => qr/.*/</tt>, which tells Moose to defer to the module specified in <tt>isa</tt> for all functions which it declares and aren't overridden in your package. This will often allow you to avoid subclassing and munging ->new.

traits
Traits, or more specifically Attribute Traits, are a mechanism for expanding the functionality of attributes.

An example of this would be the Moose functionality provided by the <tt>Native</tt> traits. These will provide helper methods for all container types: <tt>Hash</tt>, <tt>Array</tt>; as well as the strongly typed <tt>Number</tt>, <tt>String</tt>, <tt>Bool</tt>, <tt>Couter</tt>, and <tt>Code</tt>. The Native traits have functionality that can be turned on as required through an additional <tt>handles</tt> attribute.

initializer vs default
Initializers are part of the default process. The layer that sets the <tt>default</tt>, is the same layer that fires the <tt>initializer</tt>. A default value initializes a slot to a set value. The fire order of <tt>defined</tt> and <tt>initializer</tt> is defined for an attribute; but, totally undefined amongst all of the modules attributes.

Defined for an attribute:

Undefined for set of attributes: one attribute (foo) might fire its initialer, write to another attribute (bar), just to have (bar) overwritten by its own default.

initializer vs trigger
Arguments:

Both <tt>trigger</tt> and <tt>initializer</tt> utilize $self, $value, and $attributeMeta.

 * trigger: $self, $value, $attributeMeta.
 * initializer: $self, $value, $writerSub, $attributeMeta.

Firing order:

It might be considered a bug that triggers do not fire in any event that writes to a slot.

Coexisting:

If a <tt>trigger</tt> is available, <tt>initializer</tt> will always fire before the trigger. However, it still does not fire when a value is explicitly set to the slot in runtime.

You can use <tt>trigger</tt> to have a sub fire when a value is explicitly provided in runtime. The downside to this approach is a double fire when the value is constructor-provided: one from <tt>trigger</tt>, one from <tt>initializer</tt>.

title: Programming with Moose/Syntax/has


text: User talk:195.2.114.1

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:195.2.114.1


text: User talk:69.226.58.82

title: User talk:69.226.58.82


text:
User talk:156.56.133.88

– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 16:51, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

The Practice of Learning Theories

 * I couldn't help but notice that you've asked people to log in before editing The Practice of Learning Theories (which is unenforcible, btw) and that you are logged in. I was also wondering where you're getting the content you just added. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 17:12, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I have again reverted your request for people to log in to edit this book; please do not add it again.
 * The licensing for the original source of this content may not be compatible with the GFDL; I will investigate further and remove the copyvio tag if appropriate; please do not remove it until the licensing issues have been cleared up. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 19:51, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:156.56.133.88


text: Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/A thought on expression of algorithms


text: Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Realpedia


text: User talk:24.196.103.83

title: User talk:24.196.103.83


text: User talk:75.67.53.71

title: User talk:75.67.53.71


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...b5/6. Bxb5/6...Qxd5/7. Nc3

= Ulvestad Variation = 7. Nc3

Theory table
.
 * 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 b5 6.Bxb5 Qxd5

Estimated next move likelihood
Qxg2 100%


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...b5/6. Bxb5/6...Qxd5/7. Nc3/7...Qxg2

= Ulvestad Variation = 7...Qxg2

Theory table
.
 * 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 b5 6.Bxb5 Qxd5 7. Nc2 Qxg2

Estimated next move likelihood
Qf3 90%, Rf1 10%


text: User talk:75.38.16.163

title: User talk:75.38.16.163


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nd4/6. c3/6...b5/7. Bf1/7...Nxd5/8. cxd4

=Two Knights Defence:Fritz variation= 8. cxd4

Theory table
. This position can also be reached by 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 b5 6.Bf1 Nd4 7.c3 Nxd5

Estimated next move likelihood
Qxg5 100%


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nd4/6. c3/6...b5/7. Bf1/7...Nxd5/8. cxd4/8...Qxg5

=Two Knights Defence:Fritz variation= 8... Qxg5

Theory table
. 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 b5 6.Bf1 Nd4 7.c3 Nxd5 Qxg5

Estimated next move likelihood
Bxb5 86%, Qf3 14%


text:
User talk:Lzondi

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:22, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lzondi


text:
User talk:Landi Zondi

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:22, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Landi Zondi


text:
User talk:Thinktank1987

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:23, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thinktank1987


text:
User talk:Xavier Franc

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:23, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xavier Franc


text:
User talk:Yak!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:23, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yak!


text:
User talk:Sblinn

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:23, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sblinn


text: User talk:24.242.119.231

title: User talk:24.242.119.231


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Dirk Cresswell

Overview
Dirk Cresswell worked in the Goblin Liaison Office of the Ministry of Magic, eventually becoming head of the department.

Half-Blood Prince
While Albus Dumbledore is in the process of recruiting Horace Slughorn at the beginning of the book, he leaves Slughorn and Harry together. The conversation turns to Harry's mother, Lily Potter, and Slughorn mentions that Dirk had been in the year after Lily. Now Head of the Goblin Liaison office, Dirk has been keeping him up to date on events at Gringotts.

Deathly Hallows
When Harry, Ron, and Hermione are making their way through the Ministry in their search for the locket Horcrux, Harry is disguised as one Albert Runcorn, evidently a higher-up in the Ministry. A "bushily-whiskered man" hints that he knows Runcorn had betrayed Dirk Cresswell, evidently losing him his job, and tries to get Runcorn's backing for his plan to be next in line for the Goblin Liaison position. Later in that same episode, Harry, still disguised as Runcorn, shares an elevator with Arthur Weasley, who says he knows that Runcorn had more than a little to do with Creswell's being fired, and warns him to watch his step. Finally, in the escape from the Ministry, Harry gets the Ministry workers to stop sealing exit fireplaces by threatening the wizard in charge with having his ancestry investigated like Dirk Creswell's was.

Later, when Harry, Ron, and Hermione are moving from campsite to campsite through the English countryside, another group of refugees briefly and unknowingly camps beside them. This other group, comprised of Dirk Creswell, Ted Tonks, Dean Thomas, and the Goblins Griphook and Gornuk, reveals that a group of students at Hogwarts had tried to steal the sword of Gryffindor from the Headmaster's office. The students had been punished, and the sword had been transferred to a safe at Gringotts. The goblins also revealed that the sword in Gringotts was a fake, a very good fake but not Goblin-made.

Later, listening to the underground wireless broadcast, Harry, Ron, and Hermione hear that Ted Tonks, Dirk Cresswell, and Gornuk have been killed.

Analysis
In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, while they are waiting in the campsite for the Quidditch World Cup to begin, Arthur Weasley identifies the various Ministry members as they go by. He identifies one Cuthbert Mockridge as the Head of the Goblin Liaison Office. Comments between Dumbledore and Slughorn lead us to believe that Slughorn has been out of circulation since the re-appearance of the Death Eaters at the end of Harry's fifth year; but Slughorn identifies Dirk as head of the Goblin Liaison department. Thus, Dirk's promotion must have happened before Slughorn went into hiding, between September of Harry's fourth year, and June of his fifth year. It is possible that Cuthbert was forced out as a result of Ludovic Bagman's dealings with the Goblins during Harry's fourth year.


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Griphook

Overview
Griphook is a goblin who worked at Gringotts Wizarding Bank.

Philosopher's Stone
When Harry and Hagrid visit Gringotts to retrieve some money for Harry and the "you-know-what in vault seven hundred and thirteen" for Professor Dumbledore, it is Griphook who drives the cart that takes them down to the vaults. Griphook tells Harry that the deeper, high-security vaults will open only when stroked by a Gringotts goblin; anyone else trying it would simply get sucked through the door and would not be able to escape. He also says they check the vaults for that happening about once every ten years.

Deathly Hallows
When Harry, Ron, and Hermione are moving from campsite to campsite through the English countryside, another group of refugees briefly and unknowingly camps beside them. This other group, comprised of Dirk Cresswell, Ted Tonks, Dean Thomas, and the goblins Griphook and Gornuk, reveals that a group of students at Hogwarts had tried to steal the sword of Gryffindor from the Headmaster's office. The students had been punished, and the sword had been transferred to a safe at Gringotts. The goblins also revealed that the sword in Gringotts was a fake, a very good fake but not Goblin-made.

Harry, Ron, and Hermione are later picked up by a gang of Snatchers. It turns out that they have already captured some members of Griphook's group, killing Ted Tonks, Dirk Cresswell, and Gornuk. Harry finds himself tied to a pole with Griphook and Dean Thomas. All of them are transported to Malfoy Manor together so that the Snatchers can turn Harry Potter in to Voldemort for the reward. Bellatrix Lestrange sees that they are carrying the sword of Gryffindor, and prevents the Malfoys from summoning Lord Voldemort. She sends Harry, Ron, Dean, and Griphook down to a basement room and locks them in; they find that Luna Lovegood and Mr. Ollivander are already there, and Luna is able to get them free of their bonds. Bellatrix tortures Hermione to get her to tell where she got the sword. Hermione manages to tell her that they found it in the woods, and that it's a copy. Bellatrix says that the goblin will be able to tell that; Harry tells Griphook that he has to tell Bellatrix that the sword is a fake. Griphook, brought before Bellatrix, corroborates Hermione's story, and Bellatrix, relieved, summons Voldemort.

After a short battle in which the injured Griphook takes no part, Harry and Ron Apparate away to Shell Cottage, Harry carrying Griphook and holding on to Dobby. Dobby, who has been hit by a knife thrown by Bellatrix, dies, and Harry digs a grave for him by hand. Griphook, though injured, takes a very keen interest in what Harry is doing, as he has never before seen a "wand-carrier" who seemed at all interested in the feelings of Goblins or house-elves.

From Bellatrix's reaction at the sight of the Sword of Gryffindor, Harry has determined that she believes the true Sword is stored in the same place as something that is deeply valued by Voldemort, and guesses it to be the Cup of Helga Hufflepuff, which Voldemort has made into a Horcrux. Harry guesses this to be Bellatrix's vault at Gringotts, and discusses with Griphook how they might break into Gringotts, and what Griphook's price for helping them would be. Griphook is reluctant, as he does not want to be the agent of successful theft happening at Gringotts, but relents when Harry tells him that he is not doing this for wealth, but for a specific artifact which is crucial to their quest. They finally determine that Griphook will receive the sword of Gryffindor, which he believes belongs properly to the Goblins as it was originally made by them.

Riding on Harry's back under the Invisibility Cloak, Griphook provides guidance to Harry, Ron, and Hermione as they make their way into Gringotts, suborn one of the tellers, Bogrod by name, and have him take them to the deep vaults. There, they find that Bellatrix's treasure is protected by the Gemino and Flagrante curses, endlessly multiplying and becoming searing hot when touched. In their search for the Cup, they cannot help brushing against treasure, which starts spinning off worthless, burning-hot copies of itself. By the time Harry manages to locate and retrieve the Cup, the vault is waist-deep in burning gold and Griphook is completely buried. Harry pulls Griphook out of the pile of treasure, and has Bogrod re-open the vault door. As they spill out into the corridor, Griphook seizes the Sword of Gryffindor and runs to the approaching Goblin party, saying he's caught the thieves. Harry, Hermione, and Ron escape by climbing onto the back of the dragon protecting the vaults and flying out of the dungeons.

Relationships with Other Characters
He seems to be prejudiced against wizards, and uncaring if any get hurt during the execution of his and Harry's plans. Despite his being willing to work with Harry to recover the Cup Horcrux, his allegiance is not to Harry, but to the Sword; as soon as he considers his part of the bargain complete, he takes the Sword and leaves Harry, Hermione, and Ron to their fates.


text: User talk:61.17.74.62

title: User talk:61.17.74.62


text: User talk:71.248.174.203

title: User talk:71.248.174.203


text: User talk:98.199.16.201

title: User talk:98.199.16.201


text:
User:EvanCarroll

User:EvanCarroll/Moose/Mro

 * Programming with Moose
 * Source Control Management With Git
 * Postgres RDBMS
 * Using Your Dealer Management System
 * Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN codes)
 * IIS and FastCGI
 * Windows Add-ons
 * Configuring Sound on Linux

title: User:EvanCarroll


text:
Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...c5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4/3...cxd4/4. Nxd4/4...Nf6

About 5.Bb5+

One reason for playing it now is a psychological advantage against black preparing Najdorf with a6 thus avoiding it. Or am I missing something? 20 October 2007 84.134.91.112
 * Bb5+ is fine. Can lead to exchange of White Bishop for Black Knight or Black Bishop, still White is okay. SunCreator (talk) 03:45, 10 May 2008 (UTC)


text:
User talk:BelafonteBill

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

Thank you for improving Forth/PSoC Forth.

--DavidCary 21:49, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:BelafonteBill


text:
User:Rjih/monobook.css

.code .input pre {padding:0; border: none; line-height: 1.5em; margin:0;} .code .result pre {border:0; padding:0.2em; margin: 0.3em; background-color: #DDDDFF;} .code .input pre:before {content: "\003E \0020";}

title: User:Rjih/monobook.css


text:
User talk:Rjih

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 00:03, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rjih


text:
Talk:Chess Opening Theory/Organization

URL Naming
Is there a stand way URL's should be added? The majority of URL's so far are in a way that makes added tedious (with a space after white move,with a move number for black, without a space for black and with three dots - any of the above you can miss and you are off to a new incorrect URL, and as you get deeper in move numbers increasing difficult to realise you made an error), it also creates duplicate work for apparently no good reason because each position has a edited line of how the position is reached and a click able URL way. Both of these ways are different. i.e 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 f5 and Chess Opening Theory | [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._e4 1. e4] | 1...e5 | [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._e4/1...e5/2._Nf3 2. Nf3] | 2...Nc6 | [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._e4/1...e5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3._Bc4 3. Bc4]

Lastly there is a cluttered title '''Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...f5'''

Not checked many pages but I noticed there are pages which are not in the same standard as others, this most likely is due to human error. Example errors http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Chess/Opening_Theory/1.e4/1...e5/2.Nf3/2...Nc6/3.Bc4/3...f5 Click the 4. d3 link it's goes to the page \4.d3, but to be consistent it would be \4._d3 Another example http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/ECO_index

Wouldn't it be better if the display and the URL matched the same. Giving less updating of each page, less errors because of missing dots or move numbers(for black moves) and also a shorter url which then becomes easier to check. i.e 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 f5 and Chess Opening Theory | 1.e4 | e5 | 2.Nf3 | Nc6 | 3.Bc4

Also neat title would be Chess Opening Theory/1.e4/e5/2.Nf3/Nc6/3.Bc4/f5

E5ricky 13:53, 15 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, I would prefer using the FEN position string: Chess Opening Theory/rnbqkbnr/pppppppp/8/8/4P3/8/PPPP1PPP/RNBQKBNR for 1.e4, for example. That way all the transpositions would be handled in the same article. Possible series of moves leading to that position could be listed at the top of the article. What do you think? --ZeroOne 21:52, 15 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Not really, that would make creation of URL and related links more difficult. E5ricky 19:16, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Why not use something like Chess Opening Theory/Two knights defense thats more descriptive instead? Less typing and easier to remember. --dark lama  23:03, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Not all lines have names and if they did for each move within the variation/section you'd be back to adding moves for example Chess Opening Theory/Two knights defense/Fritz Variation/Berliner line/9...Bb7/10. cxd4/10. O-O-O/11. Be2/11...Nf4 E5ricky 23:44, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Why not merge the variations, lines, etc. into the page that describes the basic opening? So you would end up with something like:
 * == Two Knights Defense==
 * === Fritz Variation ===
 * ==== Berliner line ====
 * ==== Alternative moves ====
 * === Other Variations ===

 * or include the lines as part of the variation page, as in:
 * == Fritz Variation==
 * === Berliner line ===
 * === Alternative moves ===

 * Either one would eliminate the problem of having moves in the page names by including all the moves on the page, rather than divided into separate pages. Which would make it easier to type and remember, easier to expand, and easier to figure out what is already there or missing. --dark lama  15:55, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

 * That would have some benefits as you point out, however it could become similar to wikipedia's own pages for example Two Knights Defence.
 * The initial purpose of this book according to what I've read (http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Talk:Opening_theory_in_chess) and else where from ThreeE is "While some sites exist that have "opening explorers," none are wikis. I would hope that at each half move, experienced chess players could annotate the description and provide some insight into the position -- perhaps leading readers to the idea of themes rather than memorization of moves.":: So a half move explorer with annotations.
 * If many positions are bundled into one as you suggest DarkLama, then you end up with something like wikipedia and unlike the initial idea.
 * I personally think the explorer idea (see example like http://www.ficgs.com/wikichess.html) is very attractive and different to the existing info at wikipedia, it also deals well with the problem of how to show transpositions, because as you always have a position of each move, then you can just link to the transposing page.
 * My Current thoughts is to leave the URL's as they are and see if the page can be simplified to avoid duplication and make it easy to create new pages. Seems the main problem is the time taken to create theory tables, or not creating them and leaving the page looking incomplete.
 * E5ricky 17:07, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

 * E5ricky 00:05, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * White moves are referenced as move number, period, space, move (in short algebraic). The space :prevents an unbroken string of characters in the page title becoming too wide for the page.
 * Black moves are referenced as move number, 3 periods, move (in short algebraic). No spaces are :used.
 * Why like this above? It would seem suitable for easy of editing and display to have the Black move :just the move without the move number and periods.
 * "/1. e4/1...e5/2. d4/2...exd4" would then be "/1. e4/e5/2. d4/exd4"
 * Display would then change from
 * 1. e4|1...e5|2. d4|2...exd4
 * to
 * 1. e4|e5|2. d4|exd4
 * Shorter, neater, easier and one step simpler because it would remove the duplication of move list creation.
 * 1. e4|e5|2. d4|exd4
 * Shorter, neater, easier and one step simpler because it would remove the duplication of move list creation.
 * Shorter, neater, easier and one step simpler because it would remove the duplication of move list creation.

Chess Opening Theory planning/co-ordination.
Seems to be a place to discuss ideas and updates and as the discussion page on the Chess Opening Theory main page it's really the correct place, here would seem to be.

Current plan:
 * Make initial position and all first 20 moves tidy. - Done ChessCreator (talk) 11:51, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Make all pages from those 20 links tidy.
 * Update the page http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/Organization
 * Create and integrate Theory table page http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/Theory_table ChessCreator (talk) 11:51, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Get a template made?
 * Create a list of named openings.
 * Find associated pages on Wikipedia matching the name, if there is one.
 * Update, Found named openings on Wikipedia.
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chess_openings
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chess_gambits
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Chess_openings
 * E5ricky 19:04, 27 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Make sure all names positioned linked from Wikipedia have a presentable page.

E5ricky 18:45, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Useful Links
Stats and explorers. http://www.chesslive.de/ http://www.365chess.com/opening.php http://www.bookup.com/ECO/chess_openings_ECO_-.htm http://www.chessgames.com/perl/explorer

Page changes with WhiteKnight's bot
How clever is your bot?

Could you for example get it to look at all pages in Opening_theory_in_chess http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess and get it to amend the URL link according to some pre-defined rules, could it also move all the pages to a new URL along the same lines? I doubt this is possible, but I thought I'd ask! E5ricky 05:58, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * WhiteKnight! Can you do one or many of the following.
 * Can change all occurances of '=Theory Table=' into '==Theory Table=='.
 * Many pages don't have a heading. (example http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nf3) If a page doesn't have a heading  can you use the name that's currently below the diagram? '=Open Sicilian=' on example page.
 * Remove all occurances of ' ' and ' ' both of which are unnecessary.
 * Change any occurance of Defense to Defence
 * E5ricky 22:29, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I've got the script written up, and the page list assembled. I'm going to run through the first 5 pages or so in the list, and make sure everything is on the up and up. If this test works, I'll set my bot into fifth gear and let it loose. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 23:22, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Go for it :thumbs_up: E5ricky 23:30, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Done the first 125. Check the Special:Recentchanges list to see some of my edits. Everything looks like it's going well. I'm going to queue up the remainging 300+ pages now. Double check my edits, make sure the bot is doing what you want it to do. I've also been moving things from Category:Chess to Category:Chess Opening Theory. Hope you don't mind this change (it's more fitting with our organizational methods here). --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 23:33, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Don't really understand the category's yet, but whatever you think is best, go for it. E5ricky 23:37, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Many pages now have Theory Table twice. eg http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._e4/1...Nf6/2._e5 E5ricky 23:49, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for that update, I didnt catch it. I've fixed the script now to check for a heading that already exists, so it shouldnt happen anymore. I'll go back after the fact and remove all the doubles. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 23:54, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks and Goodnight E5ricky 23:57, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Ran through the entire list. There are a few issues I want to look at later, but Don't have any time this week. Let me know what you need.

--Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 00:47, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

 * ah, seems your list was quite incomplete as many pages have not been updated. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._g4

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._d4 http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._e4/1...c5/2._Nc3 etc Can tell which pages you've updated as the category at the bottom of the page is still chess. Most of the pages updated now contain 'Theory Table' Twice, it appears that on none of the pages have the font=2 code been removed.

I updated about 500 pages, from the list Special:Prefixindex/Chess Opening Theory. I didn't realize you wanted the "<font>" tags removed. When you wrote it on my talk page, it looked like you wanted me to remove the apostrophies (which I did). Many of the early pages I updated do have "Theory Table" twice. It was only later that I realized the mistake and corrected the algorithm. Let's take some time, figure out exactly what we want changed now, and I'll run my bot through it again. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 12:06, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, I see my font edit is not reading as I wrote it. Do an edit and you can see the code.
 * Is there a way to display a code block? E5ricky
 * Typically you can write something like:
 * (do an edit to see the code). --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 13:54, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, so this is what I was trying to say above.
 * Remove all occurances of and

 * Okay, i'll get onto that as soon as I can. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 19:08, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The font removal would be the best thing you can do, as manually editing it takes ages.
 * (The fonts setting are used in the theory table and I'm consider whether some of the Theory Tables should go because most positions won't have a table - although that would be a manual edit to remove them. In Chess Books you normally get theory tables Once every three or four moves, not every position.)
 * If you do get the bot going, can you include more pages, I reckon you did less then 50% in the last run. E5ricky 00:15, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Worth considering
A link on each page to Algebraic notation A link to the http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/Organization page (maybe with wording to encourage people to contribute). Some pages have 10+ links to wikipedia pages, you click them by mistake, done it all to often so far, does there really need to be so many links. Example of someone adding lots of links (10 in this example) to wikipedia. http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Opening_theory_in_chess/1._Nf3&diff=874708&oldid=816171 E5ricky 01:15, 23 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Just thought of something about this. We could have our own named opening pages that redirect to the start of the opening so http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/sicilian re-directs to the -> http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._e4/1...c5 etc.
 * It seems therefore an idea to gather a list of opening names. E5ricky 01:57, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Maybe you should create a template that could go onto all pages. Once the template is there, we can put anything into the template that we want (including links to various pages, etc). --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 01:29, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Ah, yea, a template to add to all pages would be cool. :) E5ricky 01:57, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Wikipedia chess links to wikibooks
Found that the links over at wikipedia don't always work. Click the option bottom right for wikibook. On wiki pages, for exmample http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evans_Gambit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two_Knights_Defence It says the link is not found to http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki//Opening_theory_in_chess Note the double slash, not sure why that occurs. E5ricky 02:13, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Fixed. The Template that they were using is obsolete. It should be  instead. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 15:23, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Not sure it's fixed, I checked some more and same problem each time.
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parham_Attack
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuoco_Piano
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruy_Lopez
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrov%27s_Defence
 * E5ricky 16:18, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

 * is not obsolete, so much as being used incorrectly. They should be using for links to just books and } for linking to a page inside a book (or in case of a different namespace, a page within a specific namespace, but that doesn't mater for these cases). --dark  lama  17:26, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Copyright

 * Quote "Do not copy analysis from copyrighted works. The moves themselves are not subject to copyright, but the analysis is."

It's somewhat unclear where copyright begins and ends, where analysis is not moves. Is not analysis just multiple moves, and therefore no different then individual moves. Are these moves from ECO copyright? http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/ECO_index Can original analysis be submitted (sometimes required to make the tables look nice!), if not ehy not.

 * By analysis I believe what is meant is stuff like "white moving their pawn to e4 was a poor move, a better would of been f5 which would of lead to a win in 3 moves instead." In other words any discussion or opinions concerning the moves are subjected to copyright, but the moves like e2 to e4 are not copyrighted. --dark lama  20:52, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Okay, I understand the words are copyright, but are just the moves. Take a look at this http://www.jimloy.com/chess/greco.htm Now the first sentence is copyright because it's words, but then it's less clear. Move "(Nxe5 loses)" so the 'loses bit is copyright?, then also simply suggested moves in brackets on the rest of the page? E5ricky 22:06, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Is it okay in principle to use the moves(not the words) contains in this page? http://www.chessville.com/instruction/Openings/LatvianGambitRevisited.htm#Leonhardt E5ricky 02:32, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't think the moves are copyrighted. "Nxe5" isn't copyrighted and in this particular case I think "loses" isn't either, because it consists of a single word, and single words can't be copyrighted. I think in principle you can use all of the moves on that page, but do not use any of the words to describe the moves. You should also be able to use the alternative moves as well, but you will have to come up with your own descriptions and reasonings for the alternative moves. --dark lama  19:43, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I think that this is misguided. As stated, you should not copy anyone's words. However, you can still mention the analysis (in your own words) if you cite the source. And, ideally, you should consult different authors since they often have different opinions.

 * In the case of the word loses, you should cite where this idea comes from unless it's your own analysis. Since you got it from someone else, you should cite it. It doesn't matter if it is a single word or multiple words. The point is that it's not your idea.

 * I'd also say that if you are getting suggested moves from a published work, then you should cite that as well since there may be only a few selected variations that this work thought was good. Those suggestions are the ideas of that author. Although particular games (that is, move sequences) cannot be copyrighted, the general content of an author's work is copyrightable. So, if this wikibook just uses every single variation that occurs in a single author's work, then I would imagine (although not being a lawyer myself) that this could be considered plagiarism since you are pretending that you selected the variations yourself. You don't need to cite anything if you pick move sequences out of a multi-player game database.

 * If it's your own analysis, you don't need to cite anything since it's your idea. (And, what would you cite anyway?) Ish ishwar (discuss • contribs) 05:07, 13 November 2022 (UTC)

Quick way to see Edits
This link shows recent edits to all pages in the Chess Opening Theory category

New pages added can slip through the net, but you can identify those pages here. Find Uncategorised pages - look for anything beginning 'Chess Opening Theory' in list.

Fabulous job guys
I'm fixing to spend a couple months solely devoted to openings in my study of chess. I have 8 books, plus have premium access to the opening-explorer at chessgames.com, and I"m going to read their kibitzing areas under each eco-code that I plan to study. I am going to study 1. d4 and 1. e4 c5 the sicilian, and I have read the talk pages and I have read the organization stuff, and I like how this layout plans to go one step further, and have one thing I've never seen...

... step by step explanation (aka a WALKTHROUGH) of the good choices you have. For instance, why 2. Nc3 in the closed sicilian vs 2. Nf3. I like how as you go 1 ply at a time, you get to COMPARE the alternatives. The only thing I've seen so far on the internet, beside each choice is the win/draw/loss percentages, not an explanation. Also, if the move you want to investigate doesn't have its own ECO code, you can't "look for it" because it doesn't have a designation. One simple example is that I'm clueless for black as to why he should play 2...Nc6 instead of 2...g6 in the closed sicilian, I love the idea of having a "1 paragraph explanation" for each, beside the link, instead of useless win/draw/loss statistics.

Also, I have roman's lab on dvd. I will not create any original research, but also I won't cite EVERYTHING either. Can I get some comments before I go on? I don't want to get frustrated and quit if my stuff gets reverted or deleted because "rule 72, paragraph II states blah blah blah". Am I on the right track? Is everything a go-ahead? Comments please, as I don't have much history with wikis (because I am afraid of my contributions getting deleted or reverted due to technicalities like me not being high enough of a rated player or whatever). 70.220.238.126 (talk) 00:19, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi, your on the right track. wikibooks does allow original research but Wikipedia does NOT so being here on wikibooks is fine. I would source things if you can even if in general terms, it looks better and makes it more likely to stay if someone else disputes it.
 * Would recommend you get yourself registered as that looks better also. I rarely play the Sicilian as either white or Black but if you have questions about specific moves or lines then there is a good chance that I can work out why some moves are sensible and others not. BTW for 1. e4 c5 2. Nc3 g6 is not often played as according to BCO2 3. d4 cxd4 4. Qxd4 Nf6 5. Bb5! a6 6. e5 is better for White. ChessCreator (talk) 23:30, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
 * And just to add more then the moves. 4. Qxd4 threatens the rook on h8 so Nf6 is more or less forced and then 5. Bb5 pins the pawn on d6 and Black wants to move the d-pawn as say instead e6 would leave the Black squares on Black's Kingside terribly weak and hence he can't really castle there to well with e6 and g6 being played. So Bb5 does indeed deserve an exclamation mark. While after 5...a6 a good reply for White is to play 6. Qa4 pinning Black down, e5 is still threatened and can be played as a follow up. In short White has a positional advantage and so 2...g6 is a poor move. ChessCreator (talk) 23:39, 23 March 2008 (UTC)

Links in tables
Just a thought guys, but I think it would be really helpful. Could we get added to the main Organization page that links in tables are to be hyperlinked the whole way through, rather than just the first move? I don't expect the creators of the tables to do this, as it will take a long time, but I personally often want to navigate multiple moves at a time, and at present can't do so easily.

Nimzowitsch Defense
Should there be three black knights on the board in the diagram?Etymerre (discuss • contribs) 13:29, 28 August 2018 (UTC)

Space after move number
Ish ishwar recently began to replace notation like "1. e4" with "1.e4", see e.g. this edit. I'm not sure this is a good idea because this Wikibook uses spaces after move numbers in the page titles. However, the dense style "1.e4" is also frequently used, most notably on the English Wikipedia. There is no right or wrong style but we should strive for consistency so that searching for a chess move using Ctrl+F gives reliable results. Here are some numbers:
 * Spaces are used in 731 plus 58 articles
 * The dense style is used in 832 articles

If you include piped wikilinks, then spaces are used in 1021 out of 1446 articles but that gives an unfair advantage to spaces because page titles use spaces.

I prefer spaces because they allow for convenient linking, e.g. on page Chess Opening Theory the wikitext /1. e4/ renders as 1. e4. In the dense style, the link would have to written as

What do you think? Should we
 * 1) change all articles to use spaces, or
 * 2) change all articles to use dense style, or
 * 3) not care?

Changing all articles could be done semi-automatically with AutoWikiBrowser I suppose. —Dexxor (discuss • contribs) 09:40, 24 June 2022 (UTC)

 * Hi. Yeah, sorry for creating problems. (I wasn't sure that any folks even cared about this [largely abandoned? project. I just occasionally like to look to look at this book as well as en.wikipedia for chess opening info & that motivates me to make edits here. And, I returned recently because I saw that lichess is linking to this book in their opening explorer.)

 * So, in short, my thinking was that (1) consistency in notation format between this book & en.wikipedia is desirable and that (2) consistency between here & there is more important than reconciling the notation format within the text of the book and the format in the url/title of each individual book page. Perhaps this is wrong, and (book-text = book-url) > (book-text = wikipedia-text). I really don't have a strong opinion either way though – just a slight edge toward book-text=wikipedia-text > book-text=book-url. I accept reversing my edits in this regard.

 * Obviously, it would be best if the url/title was also harmoniously the same with the text, but I personally wasn't invested enough to (i) do the page & intratext link clean-up or (ii) request someone to employ a bot to do it automatically or (iii) learn how to write the bot code myself. (A bit selfish & lazy on my part!)

 * Just for fun, I did look at several chess books (that is, published in the old-fashioned ink on paper way), and I don't see a super consistent format either way with respect to the space following the period. Perhaps the space may be slightly more common? Additionally, I don't see much consistency in whether a period follows the numeral as well (that is, 1. e4 c5 vs 1 e4 c5). However, I will say that it might be more common for printed books to use the iconic chess symbols instead of the capital letter abbreviation, but I don't know if using chess symbols is more problematic for a wikibook font-technology-wise or even that is even a good idea since it would probably make being an editor of this wikibook more work. Ish ishwar (discuss • contribs) 01:07, 10 July 2022 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I didn't ping you. What do you think we should do? Ish ishwar (discuss • contribs) 19:56, 29 October 2022 (UTC)
 * @Ish ishwar: Using icons like ♘f5 or removing the spaces in the page titles is certainly not a good idea since Lichess relies on the current page title format. Until we have a consensus on either option 1 or option 2, I don't want to proceed—It's just a minor style issue after all. Dexxor (discuss • contribs) 06:23, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
 * If you feel strongly that coherence between the text & url/title formats is best, then I'm fine with undoing my space removals. Yes, it's very minor after all. So, should we move forward in that direction? Ish ishwar (discuss • contribs) 20:06, 30 October 2022 (UTC)
 * If I feel very bored, I will try to find a way to automatically remove the spaces after move numbers. Dexxor (discuss • contribs) 15:58, 31 October 2022 (UTC)
 * Ok, haha. By the way, what mentioning Black's moves? Wikipedia does it like this: 1...e5. However, I think many pages on this wikibook tend to do it like this: 1... e5. (I guess that is logical although I would have thought that the period after the number is the special punctuation convention, which would have lead me to 1. ...e5 even though that looks a bit weird.) Want to go with this 1... d5 type of format? Ish ishwar (discuss • contribs) 05:22, 13 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Oh, wait. The urls actually have the 1...d5. So, I guess we should go with that then. The 1... d5 format must be an oversight by earlier editors. Ish ishwar (discuss • contribs) 05:27, 13 November 2022 (UTC)
 * Hi Ish ishwar and Dexxor! So in 2005 when I was the only person working on this book, I noticed that the format I'd inherited from Chess/Opening Theory (1.e4/1...e5) caused a problem once I got 9 moves deep into the Ruy Lopez: the browser doesn't know where to break the page title, so it makes the page wider to fit it all in. I am not at all technical, and the best fix I could think of was to put a space in every White move. This is definitely wrong from a notation point of view, and I would be delighted if a clever person could find a way of eliminating the space without it summoning the dreaded horizontal scrollbar. Chi Sigma (discuss • contribs) 22:57, 4 December 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chess Opening Theory/Organization


text:
Natural and Cultural History of North-East Australia's Wet Tropical Forests

Under provisions of the World Heritage Convention, in 1989, the United Nation's World Heritage Committee inscribed 900 000 hectares of north-east Australia's wet tropical forests on to the World Heritage list as being heritage of outstanding universal value to humankind.

This, then, is a history of this universally significant heritage. It is a natural and cultural history that reaches back to Gondwana, moves through time into the present, then onwards, 50 years hence, into a predicted globally warmer future.

[insert Map of North-East Australia's Wet Tropical Forests]
=Chapter: Mesozoic Era (290 000 000 - 65 000 000)=

Jurassic Period (205 700 000 - 142 000 000)
This is a period of globally warm temperatures, and at latitudes higher (further towards the poles) than 45 degrees (from the equator) rainfall is high and there are extensive swamps (evidenced in the present by large coal deposits)

205 700 000:
What is presently called Australia, is, at this time, part of a single continent (Gondwana) comprised of an amalgamation of present Australia, Africa, South America, Madagascar, India, and Antarctica.

175 000 000:
At the location of present day northern New South Wales (Talbragar Fish Beds), there is a forested landscape dominated by Agathis (ie Kauri') together with podocarps (ie southern conifers), and in the understory are cycads, ferns, and tree ferns. Around the lake is a zone of seed ferns. Present day relict gymnosperm Agathis (Kauri) forests on the Atherton Tablelands represent a modern assemblage of plants with the same basic composition as the Jurassic (Gondwana) forests covering present day northern New South Wales (ie Podocarps [southern conifers] growing among the Kauri pines [Agathis robusta], with tree like cycads [Lepidozamia hopei] in the understory.

160 000 000:
West Gondwana (present Africa and South America) start to separate from East Gondwana (Australia, Antarctic, India, and Madagascar), with South America and Antarctic still connected for a while yet. Various fragments of the northern margin of the present Australian plate also begin to detach and drift northwards to form an archipelago of terrestrial habitats (micro-continental fragments) between Gondwana and that other more northern continent, Laurasia

Cretaceous Period (142 000 000 - 65 000 000)
This period (the Cretaceous) is a time of high global temperatures and high sea-levels, such that most of present Australia is covered by shallow seas, and the present land surface is divided into three major 'islands'.

The remaining mass of what was Gondwana, still well south of present locations, allow warm oceanic currents to flow to high latitudes, with what would now be regarded as as tropical and sub-tropical climates southwards of 45 degrees down to 60 degrees south, and warm wet conditions reaching so far south that even the south polar regions have a relatively mild climate.

Neocomian Stage (142 000 000 - 125 000 000)
The world's first evolutionary burst of angiosperms (see Glossary) occurs at this time. . This evolutionary burst produced pollen of a type now (in the present) referred to by the fossil name Clavatipellonites. These Clavatipellonites appear and spread around the world (as it was then), though they don't yet reach Australia (part of East Gondwana).

128 000 000:
India (tectonic plate)splits away from present West Australia and moves to the north east.

Aptian Stage (119 000 000 - 113 000 000)
The world's first wind pollination dependent angiosperms appear in present tropical west Africa (now separated from East Gondwana) spreading poleward. The pollens of these plants are smaller, radially symmetrical grains, generally succeeding and replacing the Clavatipellonite pollens (and those plants communities that produced these pollens) around the world during this epoch., though, again (similar to the delay in the spread of the Clavatipellonites), they do not seem to reach Australia (part of East Gondwana) at this time.

Albian Stage (113 000 000 - 97 500 000)
It is during this epoch that the world reaches its peak or highest global temperatures in over 500 million years (ie the highest temperature interval in the whole of the Phanerozoic Eon)

It is first during this stage that the world's first angiosperms (represented in the fossil record by the Clavatipellonites) reach Australia and enter the Australian ecological mixes of the time, somewhat later than other parts of the world.

100 000 000:
Some of the northern fragments from the margin of the Australian plate, forming an archipelago between East Gondwana and Laurasia (present Burma and West Thailand) collide with the Laurasian Indo-China block (present east Thailand and Indo-China)

95 000 000:
East Gondwana (including present Australia) becomes further fragmented, with two further plates, present Lord Howe Rise/New Zealand and Antarctica coming into existence.

'80 000 000:
The present Australian tectonic plate and the New Zealand tectonic plate separate relatively rapidly (on a geological timescale) from this date.

Senonian Stage (88 500 000 - 65 000 000)
There appears in Australia (and the associated Australian micro-fossil pollen record) plants might be considered ancestral, or somehow related to plants that now appear in present day Australian forests including Proteaceae, Ilex and Nothofagus

=Chapter: Cenozoic Era (65 000 000 years to 000 000)=

Tertiary Sub-Era
From the beginning of this sub-era (the Tertiary), Australia's 'Great Dividing Range' has formed and stretches along almost the whole of the east coast of present Australia, constituting a highlands within a continent of otherwise relatively low relief. This range, in combination with the 'Great Escarpment' that suddenly drops off to the east for almost the entire length of the range, is a major landscape feature within Australia which will, for millions of years to come always experience relatively high rainfalls; will influence continental climatic patterns; and will effect future distributions and survivals of Gondwana descended flora and fauna.

Also during this sub-era there are 'marine incursions' in present Southern Australia, flooding what is now the Nullabor Plain and the lower Murray Basin.

Paleaogene Period (65 000 000 - 23 800 000)
Present Australia is still at high altitudes (much closer to the south pole than in the present), yet it remains relatively warm and wet, with rain-bearing clouds extending well inland (and, there is little or no ice in Antarctica).

Palaeocene Epoch (65 000 000 - 54 800 000)
An abundance and diversity of cryptogams (ie ferns, mosses, algae & fungi: see Glossary) thrive in continuing moist conditions in Australia generally, and along the Great Dividing Range in particular. . Gymnosperms still dominate the plant communities, but during this epoch there is also a significant increase in the prominence of Proteaceae (see Glossary) ancestors in particular. .

Eocene Epoch (54 800 000 - 33 700 000)
The sea-way between Australia and the Antarctica has begun to widen but it is still shallow, and there is therefore still relatively small differences in ocean temperatures from the equator to the high latitudes, with the climate over Australia still being warm and wet, though with a heavier winter rainy season in the south-east.

The Australian continent is still covered, generally, with cool to warm, moist, closed forests, but the plant communities/assemblages themselves change noticeably from those of the previous epoch, with a dropping off in the earlier emergent prominence of the Proteaceae, and an associated emergence of an even greater diversity of angiosperm taxa including tropical Olacaceae ancestors (now represented by a single species in present north-east Australia's wet tropical forests), ancestors (Cupanieae tribe)of the Sapindaceae, plus a salt water palm now known as Nypa (beginnings of present mangrove plant communities and eco-systems, presently represented in Australia by Nypa fruticans).

The climate of the southern parts of Australia were almost tropical, the equivalent of which is now found in northern Australia, including, particularly, North-East Australia's wet tropical forests :

i. at what is now Anglesea, Victoria (Australia), during this epoch, there was simple notophyll vine forest of a kind now found in north-east Australia's wet tropical forests (their closed analogue being the rainforest of Noah Creek, north of the Daintree River)

ii. what is now Golden Grove, South Australia, during this epoch, there was complex mesophyll vine forests of ancestor species that are presently represented within, and restricted to the complex mesophyll vine forests of north-east Australia's wet tropical forests.

45 000 000:
Present Australian tectonic plate begins to move rapidly (on a geological timescale) northwards, separating from present Antarctica and separated by a shallow sea. At the same time the spreading between present India and Australia ceases, and the two separate plates 'coalesce' to form an Indo-Australian Plate.

Oligocene Epoch (33 700 000 - 23 800 000)
Circumpolar oceanic circulation developes during this Epoch, effectively reducing the transfer of heat from the equator southwards, which results in some cooling and lower rainfalls in the south of present Australian continent.

30 000 000:
As the present Australian continent drifts northwards, it passes over a fixed hot-spot in the underlying mantle, with Australia's oldest central volcanoes erupting in the north at this time, with later, younger central volcanoes erupting progressively southwards within the Australian continent.

15 000 000:
Present Australia's northward drift continues and, at this time, the Australian plate collides with the South-East Asian plate, ending 30 million years (ie 45 000 000 - 15 000 000) of isolation, and marking the first contact between Australia and South-East Asia.

At the same time (15 million years ago) major change occurs in the Australian climate, with a pronouncing 'drying' accompanying the build up of the Antarctic ice-cap, and the associated southern hemisphere wind circulation starting to approach those of the present.

Pliocene Epoch (5 300 000 - 1 800 000)
At the beginning of this Epoch, the Australian continent is marked by it's aridity, which spreads northwards from the south as a belt of anticyclonic wind circulation develops (driven by the expansion of the Antarctic ice cap) closer migrates northwards from the higher latitudes.

2 000 000:
Seasonal patterns of variation in climate approximating present day patterns, take hold of the Australian continent from this date onwards, into the present..

164 000 BP:
Human ancestors in this world (South Africa) are, by this date, using fire to cook shellfish (mussells); have started using ochres; and, for general anthropological purposes, these ancestors have skills, technologies, and lifestyles of a kind that is classed as 'modern human' ,

Holocene Epoch (10 000 - 000)
By this Epoch, people (humans) were occupying, using, and living within the wet humid forests then prevalent in Melanesia. . At this time, however, there were no large wet tropical forest in north-east Australia, and, instead, the 'rainforest' flora and fauna were largely preserved in riparian refuges, in a landscape that has been described as follows:

"The palaeoenvironmental evidence suggests that rainforest was unevenly distributed until 8300 BP, prior to which, much of the Atherton Tablelands was covered in sclerophyll woodland with patches of riparian rainforest in the deeper gullies"

=Chapter: Aboriginal Ecologies (130 000 - 1770?)=

130 000 BP:
Quantities of charcoal particles within river sediments leap upward, together with noticeable changes in the kinds of pollens most prevalent in those sediments.

These charcoal particles and pollen fossils document and record a significant increase in the burning of the biomass of the river catchments out of which sediment has fallen. Together this record may signal the first arrival of Aboriginal 'burning' and Aboriginal 'fire regimes' into north-east Australia's ecological mix.

=Chapter: European Ecologies (1770 - 1860)=

=Chapter: Queensland State Ecologies (1860 - 1900)=

1874:
The first timber cutters encroach upon the wet tropical forsts, setting up timber camps and cutting cedar along the Tully, Johnstone, Daintree and Bloomfield Rivers

18761223:
Settlement of Cairns District begins around Trinity Bay, and the Queenslander reports Aboriginal conflict is 'very bad'

1877
James Mulligan ans party explore for gold and other minerals and, in the search, approach the western frings of the North-East Australia's wet tropical forests where they find a whole network of tracks linking Aboriginal camp sites (or 'townships' as Mulligan callsthem):

"A splendid track, the best native track I ever saw anywhere. There are roads off the main track to each of their townships, which consist of thatched gunyahs, big enough to hold five or six darkies.  We counted eleven townships since we cam to the edge of the scrub, and we have only travelled four miles along it .. Their paths are well trodden, and we follow them sometimes for miles.."

18790830
Mulgrave River Goldfield is discovered, bringing a rush of prospectors swelling to three or four hundred people

1880
In the Queensland one 'settler' tells of the firm conviction amongst colonists that:

"their (Queensland Aboriginal peoples) stage of civilisation is too many hundreds and perhaps thousands of years behind our own to allow their race to thrive side by side with ours .. [and they] have learnt in their terrorto submit to anything that the conquering race may choose to do"

1881
Much of the best cedar on the Johnston and Daintree Rivers has been exhausted, and many timber cutters move up on to the tablelands behind Cairns.

18830900
Christie Palmerston discovers a number of patches of alluvial gold on the Rusell and Johnston Rivers, in the wet tropical forests between the tablelands and the coast, the 'slighest sign' of which brought a rush of European and Chinese prospectors.

=Chapter: Australian Nation Ecologies (1900 - 1989)=

19130400
Swedish naturalist and anthropologist, Eric Mjöberg, collects flora and fauna (including mammals) from the tropical forests within the vicinity of a large Aboriginal camp (Djirbal)on Cedar Creek [dx]. He later writes:

"Most of the trees in the rainforest were giants, which had developed enormous buttress roots. The intelligent natives, who make use of their environment in every possible way, produce their large, beautifully painted shields from these roots. They also use the roots in a signalling system. By hitting the roots hard, they produce a shivering noise that travels a long distance through the rainforest."

His Aboriginal companions pulled large pieces of bark from a rainforest evergreen flowering tree (Calophyllum [dx] species) to make water carrying bags (which the local Djirbal people called 'nobra')[dx].

Eric Mjöberg observed and later noted that by this time no stone artefacts are being used by these 'stone age' people, with the exception of grinding stones made from large flat basalt rocks (of which he collected examples). 'Grinding stones' were still being used to prepare nuts, fruits and roots for eating, and for grinding ochre during the wet season. During the dry season, he notes, the larger 'grinding stones' are left behind peoples huts or placed in tree branches to await people's return, and, instead, smaller 'hammer stones' or 'top stones' are used in the grinding process and are more readily carried around in lawyer cane baskets.

Eric Mjöberg also specifically documented the extensive use Aboriginal [Djiribal] peoples at Cedar Creek [now Ravenshoe] were making of lawyer cane (Calamus Australis)

19130500
Eric Mjöberg, with Aboriginal companions as 'guides', explores southwards from Cedar Creek through the tropical forests collecting flora and fauna. His Aboriginal companions had advised him that when food was short around Cedar Creek, they'd walk their well beaten tracks through otherwise inaccessible forest, to fish for eel along the Tully River (dx). He later wrote:

"The rainforests we were travelling in were indeed thick and hard to get through. We stuck to the well-beaten native tracks they follow during their seasonal movements...On the third day we travelled through beautiful, dense, undisturbed rainforest.  After a few hours we could see daylight filtering through the enormous trees and the roaring of a waterfall was getting louder.  We had arrived at Tully Falls."

19130517
Eric Mjöberg climbs to the cold peak of Mount Belleden Kerr [dx], later reporting that his Aboriginal companions, at that time, refused to climb to the top as it was the home of the great spirit 'Murgalainya' [dx].

19840319
Queensland State Minister for Environment, Martin Tenni, supports Douglas Shire Council's efforts to bulldoze a road through from Cape Tribulation to Wujal Wujal

"Martin Tenni .. suggested in an interview with the Courier Mail newspaper that drug racketeers had exchanged kidnapped girls for heroin on lonely Cape Tribulation .. The road, he believed, would put an end to this."

=Chapter: World Heritage Ecologies (1989 - 2050)=

=Conclusion=

=Attachments=

Glossary
Agathis: a gymnosperm with the common name Kauri.

Angiosperms : of all the world's 'seed' plants, angiosperms are those plants  whose 'ovules' (within which seeds are produced) are enclosed. Angiosperms are also known and referred to as the 'flowering plants' of the world.

Complex mesophyll vine forests: a forest type defined in large part by the range and kinds of leaves prevalent

Cryptogams : a convenient, though now taxonomically obsolete term used to refer to plants that reproduce by spores, or 'spore carrying plants' such as ferns, mosses, algae and fungus

Cycads : a gymosperm of a kind that was widespread during the Jurassic Period that with 'pinately compound leaves', sometimes confused with palms or ferns, the seeds for which contain a neurotoxin produced by blue-green algae.

Gondwana: southern super-continent that included most of the land masses of the southern hemisphere up until it started to detach and fragment during the Jurassic Period of the Mesozoic era.

Gymnosperms : of all the world's 'seed' plants, gymnosperms are those plants whose 'ovules' (within which seeds are produced) are not enclosed but are, rather, exposed on the edge of a leaf blade or within a cone like structure. The term 'Gymnosperm' comes a Greek word (gumnospermos) meaning 'naked seeds'.

Ilex : genus of angiosperms also known as Holly, with approximately 600 species around the world, ancestral species of which appearing in Australia during the Senonian stage of the Upper Cretaceous Epoch. Their small flowers are pollinated, primarily, by bees and/or insects and they bear small fruit.

Olacaceae: an angiosperm family of woody plants found presently found throughout the tropical parts of the world. Podocarpaceae: see Podocarps below

Podocarps : a gymnosperm consisting of large group of southern conifers or evergreens.

Proteaceae : family of angiosperms with approximately 80 genera, which occurs primarily in the southern hemisphere, including the Banksia and others with striking and distinctive flowers .. believed to be an angiosperm that finds its origins in the Gondwana super-contninent, now occurring on all those lands masses that were once part of Gondwana .. identifiable ancestor species for present day Proteacea appearing in Australia during the Senonian stage of the Upper Cretaceous Epoch.

Sapindaceae: angiosperm family also known as 'soap berries', which presently occur in temperate to tropical regions of the world and often have milky white sap. Lychees' rambutan, guarana are some of the more notable fruit bearing members of this family.

Simple notophyll vine forest: a forest type defined in large part by the range and kinds of leaves prevalent, a sample of which is the simple notphyll vine forest of Noah Creek, north of the Daintree River, North-East Queensland

Taxa : plural of taxon, being a taxonomic unit used to designate an organism or group of organisms - in a hierarchical naming scheme.

Annotated List of Places
Atherton Tablelands : location of relict Agathis (Kauri) forests, being a present day, modern assemblage of plants with the same basic compostion as existed in the northern New South Wales of the Jurassic. Noah Creek : location of simple notophyll vine forest which is present day's closest analogue to the forests of this kind that existed during the Eocene epoch (greater than 38 000 000 years ago) at present day Anglesey, Victoria.

Annotated List of Flora and Fauna
Agathis robusta : smooth barked agathis descended from the agathis prominent in Gondwana's Jurassic forests, now found on the Atherton tablelands, north-east Australia

Calamus Australis : also known as lawyer cane, used extensively by the Aboriginal peoples of the wet tropics world heritage area to make baskets, traps, to haft axes etc

Lepidozamia hopei: cycad descended from the cycads prominent in Gondwana's Jurassic forests, now endemic to north-east Australia's wet tropical forests.

Nypa fruticans : palm descended from Nypa ancestral species in the Eocene, presently occurring South-East Asia and Northern Australia, being the only palm now considered to be a mangrove growing in salty mangrove conditions See


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Talk:Natural and Cultural History of North-East Australia's Wet Tropical Forests

New Book Intended, with Explanation & Description of the Task ahead!!
There are a number of publications about the wet tropical forests as a whole targeting teachers wishing to teach, and students wishing to learn about the cultural and biological history and diversity of this World Heritage.

There are a number of wonderful photographic publications .. and even documentary films .. plus other multimedia material about with the whole, or some part of this World Heritage Area..

There are many, many more publications, articles, and studies about various places within the World Heritage Area, various species within the World Heritage area; various ecosystems of the World Heritage area; the paleontological and taxonomic histories of this area's biodiversity & plus the distinctive characteristics of the indigenous populations and cultures of this World Heritage area

Yet, despite this wealth and depth of material regarding this heritage 'universally significant to humanking and the world' .. there is no single text like book compiling in a single, easy to read, readily accessible format .. all that is known, has been discovered, and is still being discovered about the World Heritage currently being protected, preserved by national and international authorities, for the future benefit of humankind.

I have had a greater than 15 year personal and professional interest in the natural and cultural history of this area, and over that time have gained some familiarity .. and compiled a reasonable collection of existing materials .. from which I feel I can confidently begin pulling together that single compilation of text like history that will be of such interest and use to teachers, students, and people with an interest in world heritage.

My own background and training is in anthropology (which does include some physical anthropology and archaeology) .. so, until others contribute (& I will be invitiing others to do so, if they are not already part of the Wikibook users/community) .. there may be a greater (rather than lesser) emphasis on this dimension of the history, but I am confident this will not unduly distort the history that is ultimately produced!!

Otherwise .. readers, users, contributors, editors .. to me the 'Module' page/ or book will be (as appears to be intended by Wikibook?!) an organic, growing 'work in progress .. and my own first contributions are expected to be little more than a dry/drier chronological listing of key events in the long history (all with proper referencing) .. and it will be only after I, for one, have got that long chronological list out, that I expect to work back through identifying the themes, and transforming chronology into a more readible nattive and more useable text?!!

Any comments, contributions, advice, and/or recommendations now, or at any time 'in process' .. are more welcome and will, most likely, be appreciated!! Bruceanthro 00:49, 21 October 2007 (UTC)


text:
History of Rail Transport/Early Rail Transportation

Early Rail Transportation

Contents | Previous Chapter | Next Chapter

Wagonways
Wagonways, which preceded steam powered railways, were the tracks, horses and equipment used for hauling wagons of coal, ore, or stone from mines and quarries to waterways or ports.

Wagonways were built in England as early as the 16th Century. Although wagonways merely consisted of parallel planks of wood, they allowed horses pulling them to achieve greater speeds and pull larger loads than on the slightly more rough roads of the day. Crossties were introduced fairly early to hold the tracks in place. Gradually, however, it was realized that tracks would be more efficient if they had a stip of iron on the top. This became common practice, but the iron caused more wear on the wooden wheels of the wagons. Eventually, wooden wheels were replaced by iron wheels. In 1767, the first full-iron rails were introduced. In the 19th Century, steam engines began to be trialed in England, however they were found to be more expensive to run than horses. However, steam engines gradually improved, and the wagonways transformed into railways.

Contents | Previous Chapter | Next Chapter


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User:MetalGeoff

Ha, I really don't know HTML.

title: User:MetalGeoff


text:
Talk:Guitar/Metal

Hey, I started this article, but feel free to add anything you feel belongs in it. And thank you for your contributions to it. MetalGeoff 02:40, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Sound Samples
If you play guitar and wish to record and upload sound files to accompany riffs, please do so. The riffs I have already are not great, so if you have an original riff that you're not unwilling to display, go on ahead. --MetalGeoff 16:58, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

 * And don't forget that any riffs posted on this book are released by the GNU, so if you plan on recording a song and getting a big hit, you can't sue anyone for ripping off your song ;) But when contributing original musical material, it is good to keep copyright considerations in mind. --NickPenguin 20:13, 11 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, uploaders can license their contributions in any number of GFDL-compatible ways. For more info, see Template messages/Image namespace. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 21:11, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

What happened?
Wait, what happened with the revert back to the revision with the link to wikibooks Guitar/Tablature? I'm sorry I didn't login to make that first edit, but why was it changed back? I think the guide on how to read tablature was a good explanation, better than what this wikibook said. --MetalGeoff (talk) 06:14, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Oh, I see, after carefully studying the comment with the last edit. I really want to show new people to tablature a comprehensive guide, so does that mean I should edit Guitar/Tablature? --MetalGeoff (talk) 06:17, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Oh, hey, look! At the bottom of the Guitar/Tablature page, it has a link to TabWiki, on which, I found a great guide like what I want people to learn from. Right on the front page, too. "Oh please, please, let's link there!" Ha... --MetalGeoff (talk) 06:20, 8 December 2007 (UTC)

Speed Metal
DRAGONFORCE IS NOT IT.

title: Talk:Guitar/Metal


text:
Git/Interoperation

This chapter is about inter-operation between Git and other systems.

Git is a great version control system, but it is not the only one. Many projects still use version control systems that predate git or alternate DSCMs. Thankfully, you can still use git to participate in many of these projects, thanks to programs like ../git-svn/, git-cvsimport, etc.

You can also work with Git directly within many text editors, IDEs and other tools.

Customizing your command line prompt
This Bash customization script will modify your command line prompt to include some extra details whenever you're in a Git directory. It is based on Mike Stewart's work.

The current branch name is shown in red (if it's got outstanding changes) or green (if there are no changes), followed by the current path. The hostname is also shown in a low-lighted colour at the beginning.

title: Git/Interoperation


text:
Git/git-svn

Overview
Subversion is an extremely popular version control system, and there are many OSS and proprietary projects that use it. Git comes with an excellent utility,, that allows a user to both track a project maintained in a subversion repository, as well as participate. Users can generate local patches to send to a mailing list, or even commit changes directly back into the repository (given that they have commit access, of course).

Getting Started
To begin using git with a subversion-hosted project, you must create a local repository for your files, as well as configure . Typically you'll use commands much like the following:

Usually when working with subversion repositories, you're given the full project URL. To determine the url to the repository root, you can issue the following command:

There will be a line in the output stating the repository root. The path to trunk is simply the rest of the URL that follows. It is possible to simply give  the full project URL, but doing it this way gives you greater flexibility should you end up working on subversion branches down the line.

Also note the "first rev" argument. You could simply use "1", as that is guaranteed to work, but it would likely take a very long time (especially if the repository is over a slow network). Usually, for an entrenched project, the last 10-50 revs is sufficient. Again,  will tell you what the most recent revision is.

Interacting with the repository
Chances are if you're using git instead of svn to interact with a subversion repository, its because you want to make use of offline commits. This is very easy to do, if you keep a few caveats in mind. Most important is to never use "git pull" while in a branch from which you plan to eventually run. Merge commits have a tendency to confuse git-svn, and you're able to do most anything you'd need without git pull.

The most common task that I perform is to combine the change(s) I'm working on with the upstream subversion changes. This is the equivalent to an. Here's how its done:

The first and last steps are unnecessary if your tree is clean to begin with. That leaves "git rebase trunk" as the primary operation. If you're unfamiliar with rebasing, you should go read the documentation for git-rebase. The jist of it is that your local commits are now on top of svn HEAD.

Dealing with local changes
It often happens that there are some changes you want to have in a repository file that you do not want to propagate. Usually this happens with configuration files, but it could just as easily be some extra debugging statements or anything else. The danger of committing these changes is that you'll run "git-svn dcommit" in the branch without weeding out your changes. On the other hand, if you leave the changes uncommitted, you lose out on git's features for those changes, and you'll have to deal with other branches clashing with the changes. A dilemma!

There are a couple of solutions to this issue. Which one works better is more a matter of taste than anything. The first approach is to keep a "local" branch for each branch that you want to have local changes. For example, if you have local changes that you want in the branch "foo", you would create a branch "foo-local" containing the commit(s) with the changes you want to keep local. You can then use rebase to keep "foo" on top of "foo-local". e.g.:

As the example code implies, you'll still spend most of your time with "foo" checked out, rather than "foo-local." If you decide on a new change that you want to keep locally, you're again faced with two choices. You can checkout "foo-local" and make the commit, or you can make the commit on "foo" and then cherry-pick the commit from foo-local. You would then want to use git-reset to remove the commit from "foo".

As an alterative to the rebase-centric approach, there is a merge-based method. You still keep your local changes on a separate branch, as before. With this method, however, you don't have to keep "foo" on top of "foo-local" with rebase. This is an advantage, because 1) its more to type, and 2) historically, rebase has often asked you to resolve the same conflict twice if any conflicts occur during the first rebase.

So instead of using rebase, you create yet another branch. I call this the "build" branch. You start the build branch at whatever commit you want to test. You can then "git merge" the local branch, bringing all your changes into one tree. "But I thought you should avoid merge?" you ask. The reason I like to call this branch the "build" branch is to dissuade me from using "git-svn dcommit" from it. As long as its not your intention to run dcommit from the branch, the use of merge is acceptable.

This approach can actually be taken a step further, making it unnecessary to rebase your topic branch "foo" on top of trunk every day. If you have several topic branches, this frequent rebasing can become quite a chore. Instead:

Now build contains the changes from trunk, foo, and foo-local! Often I'll keep several local branches. Perhaps one branch has your local configuration changes, and another has extra debugging statements. You can also use this approach to build with several topic branches in the tree at once:

Unfortunately, the octopus merge is rather dumb about resolving conflicts. If you get any conflicts, you'll have to perform the merges one at a time:

Sending changes upstream
Eventually, you'll want your carefully crafted topic branches and patch series to be integrated upstream. If you're lucky enough to have commit access, you can run "git-svn dcommit". This will take each local commit in the current branch and commit it to subversion. If you had three local commits, after dcommit there would be three new commits in subversion.

For the less fortunate, your patches will probably have to be submitted to a mailing list or bug tracker. For that, you can use git-format-patch. For example, keeping with the three-local-commits scenario above:

The result will be three files in $PWD, 0001-commit-name.patch, 0002-commit-name.patch, and 0003-commit-name.patch. You're then free to mail these patches of or attach them to a bug in Bugzilla. If you'll be mailing the patches, however, git can help you out even a little further. There is the git-send-email utility for just this situation:

The program will ask you a few questions, most important where to send the patches, and then mail them off for you. Piece of cake!

Of course, this all assumes that you have your patch series in perfect working order. If this is not the case, you should read about "git rebase -i".

Examples
Get Pywikipedia:

Get AWB (AutoWikiBrowser):

Beware, this downloading operation can take one hour.

Git/SCM

title: Git/git-svn


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Talk:HSC Geography

This will serve as a basic outline for the book.

The book is intended as a supplementary textbook to students in NSW Australia studying the Geography HSC course []. So basically it needs to cover all the topics covered in the course. Each topic is supposed to cover certain outcomes and involve certain skills, so it would be good to figure out how those outcomes are recognized in the content of each topic.

Each topic should have exercises in it like simple questions and stuff, and maybe questions involving skills work, but maybe skills would be better off done separately from the actual coursework. Extended response questions should be left until the end of the topic.

This outline will break the course up into the preliminary and HSC courses, and then further split them up into the individual topics contained in each course. The topics will be divided into outcomes which describe what the student is expected to be able to do upon completing the topic, and content, which is the stuff (what to learn, maybe skills as well) that students need to learn to do what is described in the outcomes.

Introduction
Explain what geography is all about, and maybe give a simple intro to HSC and syllabus terminology.

Outcomes
The student:
 * H1 explains the changing nature, spatial patterns and interaction of ecosystems, urban places and economic activity
 * H2 explains the factors which place ecosystems at risk and the reasons for their protection
 * H5 evaluates environmental management strategies in terms of ecological sustainability
 * H6 evaluates the impacts of, and responses of people to, environmental change
 * H7 justifies geographical methods applicable and useful in the workplace and relevant to a changing world
 * H8 plans geographical inquiries to analyse and synthesise information from a variety of sources
 * H9 evaluates geographical information and sources for usefulness, validity and reliability
 * H10 applies maps, graphs and statistics, photographs and fieldwork to analyse and integrate data in geographical contexts
 * H11 applies mathematical ideas and techniques to analyse geographical data
 * H12 explains geographical patterns, processes and future trends through appropriate case studies and illustrative examples
 * H13 communicates complex geographical information, ideas and issues effectively, using appropriate written and/or oral, cartographic and graphic forms.

Content
Students Learn About:

ecosystems and their management
 * biophysical interactions which lead to diverse ecosystems and their functioning
 * vulnerability and resilience of ecosystems
 * the importance of ecosystem management and protection
 * evaluation of traditional and contemporary management strategies

case studies of ecosystems The selected ecosystems at risk could include areas such as coastal dunes, freshwater wetlands, inter-tidal wetlands, coral reefs, arid areas, alpine areas, rainforests, temperate forests.
 * TWO case studies of different ecosystems at risk to illustrate their unique characteristics including:
 * spatial patterns and dimensions: location, altitude, latitude, size, shape and continuity
 * biophysical interactions including:
 * the dynamics of weather and climate
 * geomorphic and hydrologic processes such as earth movements, weathering, erosion, transport and deposition, soil formation
 * biogeographical processes: invasion, succession, modification, resilience
 * adjustments in response to natural stress
 * the nature and rate of change which affects ecosystem functioning
 * human impacts (both positive and negative)
 * traditional and contemporary management practices.

Outcomes
The student:
 * H1 explains the changing nature, spatial patterns and interaction of ecosystems, urban places and economic activity
 * H3 analyses contemporary urban dynamics and applies them in specific contexts
 * H5 evaluates environmental management strategies in terms of ecological sustainability
 * H6 evaluates the impacts of, and responses of people to, environmental change
 * H7 justifies geographical methods applicable and useful in the workplace and relevant to a changing world
 * H8 plans geographical inquiries to analyse and synthesise information from a variety of sources
 * H9 evaluates geographical information and sources for usefulness, validity and reliability
 * H10 applies maps, graphs and statistics, photographs and fieldwork to analyse and integrate data in geographical contexts
 * H11 applies mathematical ideas and techniques to analyse geographical data
 * H12 explains geographical patterns, processes and future trends through appropriate case studies and illustrative examples
 * H13 communicates complex geographical information, ideas and issues effectively, using appropriate written and/or oral, cartographic and graphic forms.

Content
Students Learn About:

world cities
 * the nature, character and spatial distribution of world cities
 * the role of world cities as powerful centres of economic and cultural authority
 * the operation of global networks
 * the relationships of dominance and dependence between world cities and other urban centres and the changing role of regional centres and the demise of the small town.

mega cities
 * the nature, character and spatial distribution of mega cities in the developing world
 * the challenges of living in mega cities such as housing, traffic infrastructure, water and power supplies, sanitation services, employment, and other social and health issues
 * the responses to these challenges such as self-help projects, community self-government, cooperation from NGOs, urban protest and the operations of informal economies.

urban dynamics
 * the urban dynamics of change: suburbanisation, exurbanisation, counterurbanisation, decentralisation, consolidation, urban decay, urban renewal, urban village, spatial exclusion
 * a case study of the results of the urban dynamics in a large city selected from the developed world including its
 * social structure and spatial patterns of advantage and disadvantage, wealth and poverty, ethnicity
 * changing economic character, nature and location of residential land, commercial and industrial development
 * culture of place as expressed in the architecture, streetscape, heritage architecture, noise, colour, street life, energy, vitality and lifestyles
 * growth, development, future trends and ecological sustainability
 * a case study showing one of the urban dynamics listed above, operating in a country town or suburb.

Outcomes
The student:
 * H1 explains the changing nature, spatial patterns and interaction of ecosystems, urban places and economic activity
 * H4 analyses the changing spatial and ecological dimensions of an economic activity
 * H5 evaluates environmental management strategies in terms of ecological sustainability
 * H6 evaluates the impacts of, and responses of people to, environmental change
 * H7 justifies geographical methods applicable and useful in the workplace and relevant to a changing world
 * H8 plans geographical inquiries to analyse and synthesise information from a variety of sources
 * H9 evaluates geographical information and sources for usefulness, validity and reliability
 * H10 applies maps, graphs and statistics, photographs and fieldwork to analyse and integrate data in geographical contexts
 * H11 applies mathematical ideas and techniques to analyse geographical data
 * H12 explains geographical patterns, processes and future trends through appropriate case studies and illustrative examples
 * H13 communicates complex geographical information, ideas and issues effectively, using appropriate written and/or oral, cartographic and graphic forms.

Content
Students Learn About:

global economic activity
 * a description of the nature, spatial patterns and future directions of ONE economic activity in a global context. The economic activity selected can be from a wide range of activities such as wheat farming, hydroponics, viticulture, textiles, tourism, advertising, retailing, wholesaling, information technologies, financial and business services industries
 * factors explaining the nature, spatial patterns and future directions of the selected economic activity such as
 * biophysical: climate, soils, topography, site
 * ecological: sustainability and resource use
 * economic: competitive advantage, consumer demand, mobility of labour and capital
 * sociocultural: tradition, changing lifestyles, labour participation rates
 * organisational: ownership, decision making and control
 * technological: transportation, information transmission and flows, biotechnology
 * political: quotas, tariffs, compacts, agreements
 * the environmental, social and economic impacts of the economic activity such as pollution, resource depletion, labour exploitation, cultural integration, provision of infrastructure, job creation, transfer pricing.

local case study
 * a geographical study of an economic enterprise operating at a local scale. The business could be an individual enterprise, firm or company such as a family farm, a mine or mining corporation, a hotel, chain of hotels, heritage or tourist site. The case study should explore
 * the nature of the economic enterprise
 * locational factors
 * ecological dimensions including environmental constraints, climate, and human impacts on the environment such as pollution and ecological sustainability
 * internal and external linkages and flows of people, goods, services and ideas
 * effects of global changes in the economic activity on the enterprise.

title: Talk:HSC Geography


text:
Small and Medium Enterprises and ICT/List of Acronyms

APCICT Asian and Pacific Training Centre for Information and Communication Technology for Development APCTT Asian and Pacific Centre for the Transfer of Technology APDIP Asia-Pacific Development Information Programme ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASP Application Service Provider B2B Business-to-Business B2C Business-to-Customer BTM Business Technology Management CRM Customer Relationship Management EAI Enterprise Application Integration EBPM Enterprise-wide Business Process Management ERP Enterprise Resource Planning GDP Gross Domestic Product ICT Information and Communications Technology IDC International Data Corporation INSME International Network for Small and Medium Sized Enterprises IT Information Technology KCCI Karachi Chamber of Commerce and Industry KM Knowledge Management NEDA National Economic and Development Authority NPO National Productivity Council OBIS Online Business Information Service PC Personal Computer POS Point-of-Sale RPM Rapid Prototyping and Manufacturing SAAS Software as a Service SCM Supply Chain Management SME Small and Medium Enterprise TIME IS Technology Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship Information Service UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific VOIP Voice Over Internet Protocol


text:
User:DerHexer

I live in Berlin, Germany, and I'm a steward at meta.wikimedia and a sysop at en.wikipedia and at de.wikipedia. I'm interested in Latin language, Chemistry and Ancient Greek. My contributions can be found here, and sorted by namespace here. At the moment I'm fighting vandalism.

title: User:DerHexer