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Wikijunior:Big Cats/Manul

Manuls or Pallas' Cats are the oldest living species of cat, traceable in the fossil record to 10 million years ago. They were once thought to be the ancestor of the domestic cat breed known as the Persian because of their highly unusual face.

Where do manuls live?
Manuls live on the rocky plateaus and riverbanks of Central Asia.

What do manuls look like?
The manul is similar to the lynx in facial structure, with a large, sturdy body and short legs. Its head is short and broad, with large round eyes and blunt wide-set ears. Its long, silky coat varies in color from light gray to russet brown, with white tips to its hairs giving a sparkling, almost iridescent appearance. There are dark lines on its cheeks, rings on its tail, and its lips, chin, and throat are white. Pallas cats are the only living species of small cat whose eyes have round pupils.

What do manuls eat, and how do they catch their prey?
Manuls hunt by night, from the ground, and seek small mammals and birds. The vast majority of their diet is a small animal called a pika (pronounced PY-kah) that is closely related to rabbits but has small, round ears. Where pikas are plentiful, a manul will eat almost nothing else.

Fun facts
See how much you know about the manul:
 * The name Pallas' Cat came from the first scientist to describe one, Peter Pallas.

For more information
Next Topic: Wild cats Wikijunior Großkatzen/ Manul
 * Wikipedia: Pallas cat

title: Wikijunior:Big Cats/Manul


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Wikijunior:Big Cats/Wildcat

Wild cats, which still roam the wilds, are the ancestors of the domestic cats that live in our homes. There are three different types: the European, African (or Desert), and Asiatic Wild Cat (sometimes called Asian Steppe Wild Cat or Indian Desert Cat).

Where do wildcats live?
The European Wild Cat lives in forests of Western, Central and Eastern Europe, as well as in Scotland and Turkey; it is not found in Scandinavia, Iceland, England, Wales, or Ireland. The African Wild Cat is found in deserts and savannas of Africa and the Arabian peninsula. The Asiatic Wild Cat primarily inhabits the scrub desert of Central Asia. It is commonly believed that African wild cats were domesticated by the Egyptians and are the original domestic cats. These mated with European wild cats as they were traded by their owners to the rest of the world.

What do wild cats look like?
The European Wild Cat is much bigger than the Asian or African wild cats or domestic cats. The thick fur and the size are a distinguishing mark, so that a Wild Cat normally should not be mistaken for a domestic cat. The African Wild Cat has shorter fur. The Asiatic Wild Cat has distinct small black or red-brown spots.

What do wild cats eat, and how do they catch their prey?
Their diet consists mainly of rodents, rabbits, hares and other small mammals, but it is likely that small birds are also eaten when the opportunity comes along.

Fun facts
See how much you know about the wild cat:
 * There is evidence of the domestication of the African wild cat as early as 7500 BC. Domestication of the cat may have begun as early as 8000 BC.
 * The Ancient Egyptians worshipped cats as gods. Cats seem to have never forgotten this.

For more information
Next Topic: Sand Cats
 * Wikipedia: Wild cat

ca:Viquijúnior:Grans felins/Gat salvatge Wikijunior Großkatzen/ Wildkatze

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikijunior:Big Cats/Wildcat


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Wikijunior:Big Cats/Rusty spotted cat

Rusty spotted cats are the smallest members of the cat family.

Where do rusty spotted cats live?
Rusty spotted cats live in southern India and Sri Lanka. Those living in India mostly live in tropical dry forests and dry grasslands, but in Sri Lanka rainforests are the preferred habitat. This may be due to competition with the Leopard Cat, which occupies the rainforests of the mainland, but does not live in Sri Lanka.

What do rusty spotted cats look like?
They are the smallest cats, with small, round ears, a body about 40 cm in length, plus a relatively short 20 cm tail. The color of the fur is gray, with rusty spots all over the back and the flanks. It is rather similar to its close relative the Leopard Cat. They weigh from three to four pounds.

What do rusty spotted cats eat, and how do they catch their prey?
Rusty spotted cats hunt at night, looking for rodents, birds and lizards. They are known to make a meal of domestic poultry when the opportunity arises.They are popular as pets to control mice and rats

For more information
Next Topic: Caracals
 * Wikipedia: Rusty-spotted cat

Wikijunior Großkatzen/ Rostkatze

title: Wikijunior:Big Cats/Rusty spotted cat


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Wikijunior:Big Cats/Sand cat

Sand cats are the other extreme cat, taking the desert heat the way the snow leopard takes the icy cold.

Where do sand cats live?
As its name implies, the sand cat is commonly found in sandy desert areas in the arid countries of Northern Africa, Arabia, and parts of Central Asia and Pakistan.

What do sand cats look like?
The sand cat’s body is well adapted to desert life - its thick, medium length fur insulates it against the extreme cold of the desert nights and its feet and pads are covered with long hair which protects them from the heat of the desert during the day and gives it extra support needed in moving across the soft, shifting sands. The large triangular ears are very sensitive to sound.

What do sand cats eat, and how do they catch their prey?
The sand cat hunts at night, spending the hottest part of the day sleeping under rough scrubby vegetation or a shallow burrow dug into the sand. At sunset the cat will become active, moving away from its den in search of prey. Its diet is known to include small rodents such as gerbil and jerboas, insects, reptiles, including venomous desert snakes and birds but they occasionally catch larger prey. They can do this due to their great hearing and eyesight.

Fun facts
See how much you know about the sand cat:
 * Sand cats have a low-pitched meow, but can also bark to communicate at long distances.
 * Most sand cats never drink water due to them getting all their moisture from their prey.
 * This cat also tends to chase its tail when it gets bored or nervous.
 * They eat jerboa.

For more information
Next Topic: Tigons and Ligers
 * Wikipedia: Sand cat

Wikijunior Großkatzen/ Sandkatze

title: Wikijunior:Big Cats/Sand cat


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User talk:MikeT~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * Check out our help page if you need additional help.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Templates can save your time
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, or ask me personally on my talk page.

Good luck! -- LV (Dark Mark) 19:26, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called MikeT. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name MikeT~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:15, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:MikeT~enwikibooks


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Talk:Basic Computer Security/Malware/Viruses

TODO1: Where & how much cost: Are we allowed to put corporate solutions up, possibly rating them? How about open source solutions or freeware?

Dont mean to hurt or offend anybody, but I was really shocked with the info that existed on "What is a Computer Virus?" on this page. I have learnt over the years from the internet by hunting over 1000 different websites. And I think all you wiki people are doing a great job by bringing all this great info under one roof. And I desperately want to payback to the Internet! --60.254.123.128 14:46, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

Sorry forgot to log in and posted that comment. 60.254.123.128 would be me :-) --RohitUpadhyay 14:48, 23 April 2006 (UTC)

"Compile it and when you get the .exe, scan it a zillion times with any of the Anti-Virus program you have got, be it, Norton, Macafee or any other, they just wont report it as a VIRUS, you know why? Because, its simply not a virus." - This makes it seem like if you wrote an actual virus and compiled it that it would be detected as one, when in fact it is highly unlikely to be dectected. --Greg

 * Since this is supposed to talk more about how to avoid getting viruses and removing them if you have them, I'll probably edit that out at some point. Until then, it's in limbo!  =D  As for writing one's own virus...  From what I know of viruses, most of them are variants or clones of existing viruses or exploit known security vulnerabilities.  Thus, a new virus using old virus code may be picked up by a virus scan.  Alternatively, exploiting a known security vulnerability may be picked up by live virus protection.  I.e. scanning the file may not trigger a virus warning, but programs like Norton Internet Security with live protection will monitor running programs and scripts and warn the user if a malicious scrip is being executed.  --banzaimonkey 08:51, 29 July 2006 (UTC)


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Digital Signal Processing/Discrete Data

Continuous data is something that most people are familiar with. A quick analogy: when an analog data sensor (e.g., your eye) becomes active (you blink it open), it starts receiving input immediately (you see sun-shine), it converts the input (optical rays) to a desired output (optic nerve signals), and sends the data off to its destination (your brain). It does this without hesitation, and continues doing so until the sensor turns off (you blink your eyes closed). The output is often called a data "stream"; once started, it might run forever, unless something tells it to stop. Now, instead of a physical sensor, if we're able to define our data mathematically in terms of a continuous function, we can calculate our data value at any point along the data stream. It's important to realize that this provides the possibility of an infinite (∞) number of data points, no matter how small the interval might be between the start and stop limits of the data stream.

This brings us to the related concept of Discrete data. Discrete data is non-continuous, only existing at certain points along an input interval, and thereby giving us a finite number of data points to deal with. It is impossible to take the value of a discrete data set at a time point where there is no data.

The analogy with the vision would be the illumination with a stroboscope. The scene viewed consists of a series of images. As all information between two images is lost, the frequency of the stroboscopic illumination should be high enough not to miss the movements of a moving object. This data can also be defined by a mathematical function, but one that is limited and can only be evaluated at the discrete points of input. These are called "discrete functions" to distinguish them from the continuous variety.

Discrete functions and data give us the advantage of being able to deal with a finite number of data points.

Sets and Series
Discrete data is displayed in sets such as:

X[n] = [1 2 3& 4 5 6]

We will be using the "&" symbol to denote the data item that occurs at point zero. Now, by filling in values for n, we can select different values from our series:

X[0] = 3 X[-2] = 1 X[3] = 6

We can move the zero point anywhere in the set that we want. It is also important to note that we can pad a series with zeros on either side, so long as we keep track of the zero-point:

X[n] = [0 0 0 0 1 2 3& 4 5 6] = [1 2 3& 4 5 6]

In fact, we assume that any point in our series without an explicit value is equal to zero. So if we have the same set:

X[n] = [1 2 3& 4 5 6]

We know that every value outside of our given range is zero:

X[100] = 0 X[-100] = 0

Stem Plots

Discrete data is frequently represented with a stem plot. Stem plots mark data points with dots, and draw a vertical line between the t-axis (the horizontal time axis) and the dot:

F[n] = [5& 4 3 2 1]

About the Notation
The notation we use to denote the zero point of a discrete set was chosen arbitrarily. Textbooks on the subject will frequently use arrows, periods, or underscores to denote the zero position of a set. Here are some examples:

|            v Y[n] = [1 2 3 4 5]

. Y[n] = [1 2 3 4 5]

_ Y[n] = [1 2 3 4 5]

All of these things are too tricky to write in wikibooks, so we have decided to use an ampersand (&) to denote the zeropoint. The ampersand is not used for any other purpose in this book, so hopefully we can avoid some confusion.

Sampling
Sampling is the process of converting continuous data into discrete data. The sampling process takes a snapshot of the value of a given input signal, rounds if necessary (for discrete-in-value systems), and outputs the discrete data. A common example of a sampler is an Analog to Digital Converter (ADC).

Let's say we have a function based on time (t). We will call this continuous-time function f(t):

 * $$f(t) = 2tu(t)$$

Where u(t) is the unit step function. Now, if we want to sample this function, mathematically, we can plug in discrete values for t, and read the output. We will denote our sampled output as F[n]:

F[n] = 0 : n ≤ 0 F[1] = f(1) = 2 F[2] = f(2) = 4 F[100] = f(100) = 200

This means that our output series for F[n] is the following:

F[n] = [0& 2 4 6 8 10 12 ...]

Reconstruction
We digitize (sample) our signal, we do some magical digital signal processing on that signal, and then what do we do with the results? Frequently, we want to convert that digital result back into an analog signal. The problem is that the sampling process can't perfectly represent every signal. Specifically, the Nyquist-Shannon sampling theorem states that the largest frequency that can be perfectly reconstructed by a sampled signal with a sample rate of $$2N$$ is $$N$$. To give an example, audio CDs are sampled at a rate of 44100 samples per second. This means that the largest frequency that can be represented on an audio CD is $$44100 \div 2 = 22050$$ Hz. Humans can hear frequencies up to around 20000 Hz. From this, we can conclude that the audio CD is well-suited to storing audio data for humans, at least from a sample rate standpoint. A device that converts from a digital representation to an analog one is called a Digital-to-Analog converter (DAC).

title: Digital Signal Processing/Discrete Data


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MATLAB Programming/Psychtoolbox/How to install the OS X Psychtoolbox Source on OS X

This is the steps I took to get Psychtoolbox to compile on my machine. I am sure this is probably not the best way (being that I was just winging it) but it might help you get going. Most are just a series of hacks and work arounds trying to get it all to compile without really knowing what I was doing. If anyone wants to improve these steps, feel free. --RobKohr 22:23, 26 January 2006 (UTC)

 * 1) Download the source and unzip it somewhere. Mostly this will not be used, since the version management system will be used to get the newest source, but it seems some of the stuff only exists in the source folder on the website.
 * 2) Follow these instructions to get the most up to date version of PTB
 * 3) svn checkout svn://svn.berlios.de/osxptb/trunk SOME_OUTPUT_PATH
 * 4) open the project file (located in PsychSourceGL/Projects/MacOSX/PsychToolbox/PsychToolbox.xcodeproj) with xcode 2.2 (project may need to be converted)
 * 5) There will be a number of red files. Do a get info on them and try to fix the file names and folder names in the finder to match the paths in the project view.
 * 6) Start with the files in IO Warrior libs. Rename the file folder appropriately
 * 7) For a bunch of them I had to go to PsychSourceGL/Source/Common/PsychSound/StaticOpenALLib/ and unzip a file, and drag the contents of the zip to the appropriate directory
 * 8) Some of the stuff in Cohorts need to be in the Resources folder and vice versa. Just take a look at the paths to make sure it is all in the right places.
 * 9) Download and install the CHUD framework
 * 10) Set the path for the CHUD.framework to /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/CHUD.framework
 * 11) Put Development folder in PsychSourceGL/Projects/MacOSX/PsychToolbox/build/ . For some reason this is only in the source code you download from the psychtoolbox website.
 * 12) Go to terminal and type ln -s /Applications/YOUR_MATLAB_FOLDER /Applications/MATLAB704 ln -s /Applications/MATLAB704/toolbox/Psychtoolbox /Applications/Psychtoolbox
 * 13) Change path for QuickTime framework -> /System/Library/Frameworks/QuickTime.framework


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Talk:Towards a better India

before writing a new wikibook, you should post about it at Requested Wikibooks. DettoAltrimenti 21:45, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Towards a better India


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User talk:62.135.36.26

Please stop. If you continue to blank pages, you will be blocked from editing.

title: User talk:62.135.36.26


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User talk:129.186.150.190

--Derbeth talk 23:10, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:129.186.150.190


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User talk:Imjoyful

VFD for COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
A book you started or at least contributed to, namely COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY, has been listed at Votes for deletion. You may want to participate in the discussion there. --JMRyan 23:45, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Imjoyful


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User talk:Youn Seon Lim

VFD for COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY
A book you contributed to, namely COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY, has been listed at Votes for deletion. You may want to participate in the discussion there. --JMRyan 23:47, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Youn Seon Lim