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French/Grammar/Verbs/Present participle

Formation
Replace the -ons ending of a verb conjugated in the first person plural in the present indicative with -ant. There are three verbs with the present participle forming irregularly: avoir, être, and savoir.

Forms and Usage Summary

 * NOTE: The present progressive tense does not exist in French. The present indicative is used instead.
 * To say I am going., you would say Je vais. You would NOT say Je suis allant.

Simple Present Participle Usage
The present participle is used to express the reason why something has occurred.
 * La table étant trop lourde, ils ne pouvaient pas la soulever. - The table being too heavy, they were not able to lift it.

Formation
To form the composed present participle, conjugate être or avoir in the present participle (étant and ayant) and add the past participle. Note that both avoir and être translate to having in English. This is the same in all composed tenses.
 * ayant parlé - having spoken
 * étant allé(e)(s) - having gone.

The past participle may have an -e or -s added in order to agree with other parts of the sentence. All standard agreement rules that composed tenses follow apply to the composed present participle as well.

Usage
The composed present participle is used to express that one action occurred before the action of the main verb The composed present participle is not used after a preposition. To express a similar idea using a preposition, the past infinitive is used.
 * Ayant fini, je suis parti(e). - Having finished, I left.
 * Je suis parti(e) ayant entendu la fille. - I left having heard the girl.
 * Je suis parti(e) sans avoir entendu la fille. - I left without having heard the girl.
 * Je suis parti(e) après avoir entendu la fille. - I left after having heard the girl.

Formation
en + present participle
 * en chantant - (while) singing
 * en courant - (while) running

Usage
Le gérondif is used to express that one action is occurring at the same time as a second.
 * Ils se sont promenés en chantant. - They walked while singing.
 * Elle est arrivée en courant. - She arrived running.

title: French/Grammar/Verbs/Present participle


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French/Appendices/Pronunciation

=IPA pronunciation for Standard French= The following pronunciation guide using IPA symbols is for Standard French. Also known as International French and Received Pronunciation (RP) French. Although it is considered snobbish by some, it is generally understood by all French speakers.

These tables based upon French phonology

Approximate pronunciations
The approximation column is a hint for beginners. In some cases it is very close, and in others it leaves something to be desired. The best method is to listen to a real French audio sample included in the book, or additional web resources (Forvo, Language Guide). In the approximations you will see that they follow the IPA symbols. For example: [a] and [ɑ] will always be [ah], [ɛ] will always be [eh], [i] will always be [ee], etc. Also there is a superscript [(n)] for a nasal on the syllable. Do not read it to mean an "n" sounding nasal, but rather a symbol to indicate nasalization on the preceding syllable.

A note to beginners, is that there are many dialects of French language. Northern, or Parisian French will sound most like the examples, while Canadian and Southern French may be unrecognizable. The web site Forvo has many examples of non-IPA sounding French words, and when you see where they live you should become aware why they pronounce it different. An example would be Mississippi English compared to Bronx English. The web site Language Guide has many examples of perfect Northern/Parisian French.

The student should be cautious of French songs also. Many French singers will change the pronunciation to perform a rhyme. Main (hand) may sound wrong, but the singer is rhyming it with Américain, and thus may leave off the nasal emphasis.

The French "ill" (IPA 'j') is a difficult pronunciation. Fille, Marseille, Mireille, Guillotine, etc., are sometimes exaggerated with a "yuh" sound by teachers. By describing it as "Fee-yuh, Mahr-seh-yuh, Mee-reh-yuh, or Gee-yuhoh-teen" puts too much emphasis on the "yuh." The best way to describe it, is to let the "uh" roll-off your breathe as a nasal.

An excellent external resource is | 2019 DRAFT French Official IPA Chart and | French Pronunciation.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Sumerian/Grammar

Last page: none  ::   This page: Grammar Contents   ::   Next page: Lesson 1

= Sumerian Grammar =

In the lessons below, you'll be introduced to aspects of Sumerian grammar in (hopefully) bite sized chunks. If any of the lessons are confusing, don't hesitate to edit them for style, or use the discussion boards for suggestions! That's the spirit of the wiki, after all.

The Lessons

Lesson One - The Plural Marker -- This lesson introduces us to some simple nouns and how to mark them as plural.

Lesson Two - Possessives -- Here we learn how suffixed particles can modify the meaning of a noun, like "house", to be possessive, like "my house".

Lesson Three - The Genitive -- The basics of the Sumerian case system for nouns is outlined here.

Lesson Four - The Copula -- Before introducing verbs in general, the copula is introduced, along with simple predicative sentences.

Lesson Five - The Verb Chain -- The Sumerian verb is discussed in simple situations.

Lesson Six - A Sumerian Sentence -- Putting it all together, we translate a complete Sumerian sentence.

Lesson Seven - Ergativity in Sumerian -- A discussion of ergativity and how it is used in Sumerian.

Lesson Eight - The Case System -- Discussion of the cases used in Sumerian

Lesson Nine - Cuneiform -- Some introductory comments about the system of writing used by the ancient Sumerians

Up (Sumerian Main Page)

title: Sumerian/Grammar


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User:Whatupshorty45

User Page for Angel (whatupshorty45)

Userboxes
Contributions

Who Am I?
Although many people believe that life 'sucks', it is not life itself that bothers people, but the events that occur in this life that have an effect on it. Many people believe that racial slurs to and from their own people or respective race are tolorable and no personal matter, but from any different type of race is unacceptable. Many people fail to realize that their is more than meets the eye. Nobody can ever truly know who somebody is, because they all contain secrets. You cannot share all secrets with somebody because some secrets are forgotton. You cannot share your whole life with somebody because by time you meet that somebody, part of your life is already gone. Many people fail to realize the simplicity of logic, although those who are most logical can forget themselves. Failure to know yourself leads to the unawareness of what is around you. What's around you is what creates you. Not you physically, but you characterlly.

Ive tended to become more so conservative than anything else recently. I try to realize the simplicities of logic and the mind of matter, but unfortunatly, I tend to go over my head. I feel as if my knowledge is expanding, but my logic is deteriorating...Unless I am mistaken, the dramatic chaos and mind scrambling schedual of the states eduational standard(s) has become apart of me. My only true objective in life is to make peace with my internal self, and to no longer regret what I do. It seems rediculous, but it seems that few people have common ultimate objectives, theirfor, proving that I am not what one would consider as "everyone else".

Although my religious preference is roman catholic, it does not mean that I shall go to hell should I not practice all bits of the bible to the last word. I believe in G-d, but to a certain extent. I do not believe that anyone is obligated to live up to any bible or book of G-d, but it is more so a guideline of what life can be. Salvation is not guarenteed, heaven and hell does not for sure exist, and yet peoples lives revolve around these words and written lines in sacrad texts. I read such texts, I believe such parts, but believing in such texts does not make it correct. Their is no living proof that such things are true. No one can prove it. Their is a difference between fact and belief. Many people are tangled between the difference when it comes to religion, but overall, it is of personal opinion. I guess you could call me an athesist, but I would prefere to fall under Catholicism shoud I to be judged by religious guidelines. I believe in many things, but overall, as difficult as life gets, I have found that no one truly will believe in you unless you begin to believe in yourself.

I also participate in MUN (Model United Nations) at my school, which is to sort of find resolutions to major problems in the world today. No one can solve the worlds problems, but we can take steps to attempt to. At times it causes a (major) headache, but overall, it gives a good contribution to society, and it helps you become more knowledgeable of the world around us. I guess it's kind of like Beliefnet.com,, discussing and debating about personal opinions of what goes on today, (which unfortuatly causes long, hard headaches, should you be sensitive to the mind), but it's a good way to try to get you thinking at other perspectives of a situation as well. PS: I heart Bob ^^ hahaha

 * My Personal Daily Guidelines::

I am broken, but I am not deflected.

Hope is our life, and always says that tomorrow will be better.

Nobody should be punished for his thoughts.

No Person ought to have advantage from his own wrong.

The man who is constantly in fear is everyday condemend.

It is more crule to constantly fear death than to die.

Punishment closely follows crime as its companion.

Pay attention to nothing except to that you do well.

They condemn what they do not understand.

Today is yesterdays tomorrow that you were worried about.

Death leaves a heartache no one can heal,love leaves a memory no one can steal.

 * Fatima Prayer::

O Mi Jesu, Dimitte nobis debita nostra, Libera nos abigne inferni, Condue in caelun omnes animas, Praesertium illas quae maxime indigent misericordia tua. Amen

 * Translation::

O my Jesus, Forgive us our sins, Save us from the fires of hell, Lead all souls to heaven, Especially those in need of thy mercy. Amen

PS: I speak Latin fluently. (Yes, the one that the romans used and that no one speaks. This is why my spanish sucks >.<)

Contributions

title: User:Whatupshorty45


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False Friends of the Slavist/Map godina

godina

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False Friends of the Slavist/Map chas

casъ

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False Friends of the Slavist/Map životъ

zivotъ

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False Friends of the Slavist/Map listopad

listopadъ


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Greek Mythology/Gods/Aphrodite

 * "No, my child, not for you are the works of warfare. Rather concern yourself only with the lovely concerns of marriage..." - Iliad, book 5, line 428.

Aphrodite (known in Roman mythology as Venus), is the Greek goddess of romantic love, sexual passion and beauty. She is often accompanied by her son Eros (Cupid), who shoots arrows into mortal and god alike to inflame their passions.

There are several varying accounts to her birth. Some writers asserted that she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione. The majority of writers, including Ovid, state that she was born out of the ocean when Cronus castrated Uranus and the genitals fell into the sea. Other versions of the story claim that she was born out of the foam of the sea at the site of Petra tou Romiou in Paphos, of the island of Cyprus.

Aphrodite was forced into marriage to Hephaestus, although she disliked her unsightly husband, after refusing to submit to Zeus' carnal passions. She had a long running affair with Ares. She also has had children with Hermes (Hermaphroditus) and Anchises (Aeneas - the hero of the Aeneid, the mythological founder of the Roman bloodline). The former child's name gave rise to the naming of a unique medical condition when people having both male and female sexual organs, referred to as hermaphrodites, are born.

Consorts and children

1. Hephaestus 2. Ares Phobos Deimos Adrestia Harmonia The Erotes Eros[3] Anteros Himeros Pothos 3. Poseidon Rhode 4. Hermes Tyche Peitho Eunomia Hermaphroditos 5. Dionysus The Charites (Graces) Thalia Euphrosyne Aglaea Priapus 6. Adonis Beroe 7. Phaethon (son of Eos) Astynoos 8. Anchises Aeneas Lyrus 9. Butes Eryx 10.unknown father Meligounis + several more unnamed daughters[19]

Aphrodite was part of the trio of goddesses at the trial of Paris, where Paris, a Trojan prince, was to choose which of the three goddesses was the most beautiful. Aphrodite bribed Paris successfully by promising him the most beautiful woman in the world if he chose her. This resulted in Paris taking/stealing Helen (reputed to be the most beautiful) away to Troy. This, according to the Iliad, began the ten-year Trojan War.

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Wikibooks:CCO Resources

Books are catalogued using various systems to aid browsing through the Card Catalog Office. This page explains how to catalog books into the cataloging schemes: shelves, alphabetical list, completion status, and reading levels.

If you have any questions or need help, you can ask in the assistance reading room.

Shelf
Wikibooks groups together books on a related topic. To ensure books are indexed, add to a book's main page, where   is the name of the first shelf and where   is an optional second shelf. While more shelves can be added in theory, books should only be added to shelves that are as specific as possible. For example, the book Music Theory is filed on Shelf:Music theory, but not on Shelf:Music, because music theory is a more specific topic than music; the book can still be found on Shelf:Music because each shelf page also lists books on its subshelves. Cross categorization should only be used to aid in finding books that are legitimately important to several shelves and not used to simply advertise new books.

Alphabetical listing
Wikibooks maintains an alphabetized index of books. To ensure books are alphabetized, add to a book's main page. Where  is the first character in the book's name.

Completion status
Readers browsing through a certain shelf or classification often want to view books that are complete or closer to completion. In order to indicate the level of completion for a book, add to a book's main page, where   is one of the following: ,  ,  ,  , or. Don't abuse this to try to make your book more popular; misleading readers will cause them to leave in frustration.

Reading level
Whether it's parents looking for books for children or graduate students interested in furthering their knowledge, the readers of Wikibooks can be quite diverse. Indicating the target audience for a book can be useful in helping readers determine which book will suit their needs best. To do so, add anywhere on the main page of a book; a box will appear at the right-hand side at that location detailing the reading level specified. The  should be one of the following: ,  ,  ,  , or.

Practical example
Take First Aid. This book sets an example of a book that has been fully and properly catalogued. First Aid includes the following code:

 *  - Files in F in the alphabetical system
 *  - Files in Emergency medicine in the Wikibooks Stacks system
 *  - Files in Completed books in the completion status system
 *  - Files in Intermediate reading level in the reading level system

All this ensures that no matter how people browse Wikibooks, they will be able to find First Aid.

The time taken to catalog books correctly will pay off with more people finding it, reading it, and contributing to it, so don't ignore this critical step when you create a new book!

title: Wikibooks:CCO Resources


text:
Water Resources Directory/USA/News

Newsletters

 * EWRI Currents, newsletter of Environmental and Water Resources Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers

 * Public Works Digest U.S. Army Corps of Engineers

title: Water Resources Directory/USA/News


text:
Introduction to Paleoanthropology/Print version

Note: current version of this book can be found at http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Introduction_to_Paleoanthropology Remember to click "refresh" to view this version.

= Table of contents =

From Hunter-Gatherer to Food Producer Variation in Modern Human Populations = Definition =
 * Defining Paleoanthropology
 * Origin of Paleoanthropology
 * Importance of Bones
 * Early Hominid Fossils
 * Phylogeny and Chronology
 * Early Hominid Behavior
 * Oldowan
 * Acheulean
 * Hominids of the Acheulean
 * Technology in the Acheulean
 * Hominids of the Middle Paleolithic
 * Technology of the Middle Paleolithic
 * Upper Paleolithic
 * Dating Techniques
 * Cultural Evolution
 * Darwinian Thought
 * Genetics
 * Contemporary Primates
 * Humans as Primates
 * Origin of Language

= License =


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Sumerian/Grammar/Lesson Four - The Copula

= The Sumerian Verb "to be" = Finally, we get to the action! Well, to verbs anyway. The most basic and useful verb in many languages is the verb to be. The utility of this verb should be obvious.

Conjugating "to be"
Sumerian, like most other languages, uses conjugation of verbs to distinguish who is doing what. There are different forms, in principle at least, for the first, second and third persons, and for single and plural. The verb i.men = to be displays this type of conjugation:

Incidentally, that š character is just the symbol for what linguists call the /ʃ/ sound, like the first sound in the word should.

[Thomsen §536, Edzard §12.7.1.1]

Comments on the Conjugations
First, we see that all these words share the initial /i/ sound, and then variations on an m...n theme in the conjugations.

We also notice that, quite strikingly, the 1sg and 2sg are identical! While some of the other seeming ambiguities were really only skin deep, this one is a little bit more problematic. In fact, cases like this point out how little we understand even the basics of Sumerian. Were these really pronounced identically? If not, why are they written identically? There are other cases where the same sound is written using two or more different cuneiform symbols; is this enough evidence to propose that Sumerian was a tonal language, like Chinese, where the pitch or inflexion of a word is a fundamental component of meaning?

These are questions that I am certainly not qualified to answer, and I doubt if anyone at this point can say with certainty. Wiki users, please feel free to add your two cents. That's what a wiki is all about.

(Mušen.gig here) In the case I'm wrong, I won't change the above conjugation, but according to this the 3rd singular independent is i.me, not i.me.am

(Really) Simple Sentences
If you look at the translations above for, say, i.men, you'll notice that it actually translates as a subject and a predicate, namely both words in he is. This is really neat, because it means we can make really simple sentences out of just two Sumerian words!

For instance, if I wanted to write the sentence I am your king, we just need to translate each piece. We just learned that I am translates to i.men. Now, remember from (way back in) Lesson Two, to say your something, we use the possessive particle .zu. By this point, you've probably picked up that lugal means king, so your king is just lugal.zu. Easy!

And it's just as easy to put the two together to make a Sumerian sentence: I am your king = lugal.zu i.men.

The only thing you might notice as odd is that I put the verb part last here. In English, we usually put the subject and verb first in a sentence, like in I am your king. In Sumerian, the verb usually goes last, like in lugal.zu i.men. Not really that tricky, because you can usually figure out pretty quickly what a sentence means even if you happen to forget where all the pieces are supposed to go. (And after all, wherever the words are in the original Sumerian trumps anything I say here! They are, of course, the ultimate authorities.)

Vocabulary
Learn the conjugations of i.men.

Translations
We just learned the translation for I am your king. See if you can figure out these other simple phrases!

Sumerian to English:

 * 1) nin.zu i.men
 * 2) lugal.ene Uruk.ak i.menden

English to Sumerian:

 * 1) they are your children
 * 2) he is the king of Uruk

=Review Phrases=

Here are some phrases to figure out as a review. Please edit these if you see any mistakes.

Questions (Brackets mean letter is usually dropped)

1) šeš.ene.ĝu i.meš

2) bad til.a(k) i.me.am

3) nin.zu i.men

4) lugal.ene i.menden

5) nin Uruk.a(k) i.men

Answers

1) They are my brothers.

2) It is the wall of life. (I know it's confusing, but just go with it).

3) I am your sister. (Note that the context makes it 'I am' rather than 'you are').

4) We are kings.

5) I am/You are the queen of Uruk.

= The Copula =

Now that we understand the verb "to be", it's a cinch to understand the copula.

In any language, there must be a way to link a subject with a predicate. In English, for instance, we say Helen was beautiful. We use the verb "to be" to perform this function, like we just saw above. In fact, we often see the conjugated forms of the Sumerian i.men when this situation arises. However, in Sumerian, there is another option: the copula is used.

By now you've noticed that lots of things in Sumerian are done via particles, those funny little syllables that are attached onto the end of a word to change meaning, change case, or do other neat things. Well, the copula is just the particle form of the verb "to be", known as the enclitic copula.

So instead of saying I am your king = lugal.zu i.men, we could just as easily say lugal.zu.men. Simple as that! The meaning is the same, it's just a little bit of syntactic variety to a common expression.

Here are the conjugation tables for the enclitic copula with munus "woman" :

Note that the copula marks the person and number of the absolutive argument. Also note that the pronunciations of the suffixes vary according to Sumerian's morphophonemic rules; thus, when "munus" takes the enclitic copula "(a)m" (which takes the vowel in parenthesis due to the fact that the preceding phoneme, /s/, is a consonant) as in Munusam the preceding phoneme to the enclitic copula is omitted, as is the case in Mam "It is a boat." See the references for further examples.

Previous (Lesson Three - The Genitive) : Up (Sumerian Grammar - Main Page) : Next (Lesson Five - The Verb Chain)


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User talk:207.160.77.1

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you.

title: User talk:207.160.77.1


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Wine

Contents

 * The Vine
 * /Types of Wines/
 * /The Art and Science of Winemaking/
 * /Wine Regions/
 * /Wine Tasting and Evaluating/
 * /Food and Wine Pairing/
 * /Wine Myth and Lore/
 * /When and How to Drink/
 * /Serving/
 * /Storage/
 * /Glossary/
 * /Vintage Guides/

title: Wine


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User talk:Morgan695~enwikibooks

Since nobody's done this properly yet....

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Kellen T 21:17, 22 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Please also check out the Cookbook policy page and the Cookbook talk pages.

Cookbook:Policy/Recipe_template
Hi, you modified the recipe template and removed the recipesummary. Why? Also, if you want to make changes to what is effective policy, you should bring it up on Talk:Cookbook first. Kellen T 02:50, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Morgan695. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Morgan695~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:29, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:16, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Morgan695~enwikibooks


text:
Wine/Grape Vines

Vine History and Movement
Humans have cultivated Wine since ancient times. The drink is mentioned quite often by ancient Greeks and Romans, and it also appears in a number of religious texts.

Vine Lifecyle and Morphology
Grape vines can live for well over 100 years. The number of grapes grown is highest when the vine is under about 20 years old. However some growers insist that older vines give superior grapes.

Growing Regions
The specific region in which a wine is grown has a noted effect on the resulting grape, and by extension the wines made from it.

Climates
Climate determines where grapes will grow. More then that, climate determines where grapes will merely grow adequately, or where they will excel.

Soil
Winemakers pay special attention to the soil in which grapes are grown. For example in France the makers of Champagne famously use chalky soil for growing their grapes.

Vine Diseases
Disease poses a threat to grape vines. This often comes from fungus.

title: Wine/Grape Vines


text:
Water Resources Directory/USA/Library

Dictionary

 * Water Words Dictionary, from State of Nevada, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources.

 * Water Quality Terms definitions, from Wilkes University.

 * SEMIDE thesaurus, from Euro-Mediterranean Information System on the know-how in the Water Sector.

Special Collections

 * Water Resources Center Archives at UC Berkeley - Internet Resources

 * Western Waters Digital Library

title: Water Resources Directory/USA/Library


text: Talk:Supervisor Nuts and Bolts

title: Talk:Supervisor Nuts and Bolts


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User talk:Bart133

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page.

Good luck! -- LV (Dark Mark) 00:11, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Wikijunior Europe
Thank you for your editing and correction work on this Wikijunior project. I created the Wikijunior Europe book a few months ago but unfortunately I've had very little time to add anything to it lately.

Xania talk 18:43, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

Wikijunior Bugs
I saw that you voted for this book, but it was on an out-of-date voting page. I've fixed the link on the front page. Sorry that that hadn't been cleaned up. The good news is the title you voted for won and is already under development. Wikijunior Bugs - pick a bug and dive in! The current voting page is here 2007 3rd Quarter Vote. Thanks for helping out Wikijunior. -- xixtas talk 03:09, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

What is Wikijunior
What is Wikijunior is proposed as a policy and has been included on the Wikibooks Policies and Guidelines Voting page. Please take time to comment and express your opinion in the referendum. -- xixtas talk 02:50, 2 May 2007 (UTC)

Disruptive editing
Your repeated removal of content when logged in and not logged in is disruptive to the administration of Wikibooks. By editing logged out you are disclosing further personal information in a stated attempt to remove personal information. This then requires page histories to be deleted and selectively hidden. This causes problems for the attribution of work to other authors. If you continue to do this you'll be blocked again. In the meantime if you state exactly what it is you are trying to achieve it may be possible to do this without creating a large overhead for the administrators. QuiteUnusual (discuss • contribs) 14:37, 31 July 2017 (UTC)

 * I do not want wikibooks to appear in a google search for my name. I could not possibly care less about disclosing my IP address - in fact I don't even particularly care if my name is visible in the revision history. Bart133 (discuss • contribs) 22:09, 2 August 2017 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bart133


text:
Mathematical Proof/Appendix/Answer Key/Mathematical Proof/Introduction/Logical Reasoning

1.1, Logical Reasoning.

 * 1) Truth tables

2. Negated statements
 * 1) $$\lnot P \lor \lnot Q$$
 * 2) $$(\lnot P \land \lnot Q) \lor (\lnot R\lor \lnot S)$$
 * 3) $$(\lnot P \lor Q)\land (R\land \lnot S)$$


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Mathematical Proof/Appendix/Answer Key/Mathematical Proof/Introduction/Notation

 * 1) Use set theory notation
 * 2) $$P\cap L$$, where P is the set of all people and L is the set of all things with two legs.
 * 3) $$M-G$$, where M is the set of all mythological creatures and G is the set of all things that are Greek.
 * 4) $$A\cap B - C$$, where A is the set of all pies, B is the set of all things with pudding in them, and C is the set of all things with cream on the top.
 * 5) Venn Diagrams
 * 6) Negated statements
 * 7) $$\exists x\in A : \forall y\in B, \lnot P(x,y).$$
 * 8) There is a quick, brown fox that does not jump over any lazy dog.


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Talk:Feminism

Split into Geographical Areas?
I've made some additions to this module and I am wondering if we should break it down into different countries or geographical areas ie) European Feminism, Canadian Feminism, American Feminism. It warrants some discussion I think. --OneWomanArmy923 00:30, 16 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm quite new around here, but my instinct is to say that in general we should keep it together, but with at least two concerns in mind. Firstly, we need to account for the positionings (country of origin, race, class, gender, age, sexual orientation, religion, etc.) of persons, organizations, and movements, considering how those positionings affect the viewpoints, behavior, etc. of said persons and groups. Secondly, it's important to avoid writing a book that centers on one region or aspect of the movement to the exclusion of others. In order to do that, having sections (not complete books) about regional movements may be helpful, but it can't replace integrating as much of the complexities as possible into the other chapters.

 * I realize that this is a tall order. But part of the feminist project, I think, is to aim high, while also being willing to reevaluate one's goals. Wikis, as a model, should be very compatible with this aim. BooksihAcolyte (talk) 07:04, 20 April 2009 (UTC)

Things to add?
I see that whoever laid out the table of contents originally had some sort of a plan for what they wanted the book to look like, but it appears that they never got very far in actually filling out the sections. That said, some of the specific people and works mentioned are completely unfamiliar to me, and others that have been foundational to my study are missing. I would suggest adding, for instance, Virginia Woolf to the "Famous Feminists" section, as she is not only quite famous as a writer, but the phrase 'a room of one's own' has been used by many feminist writers, and some of her writings are very telling about the state of women as she knew it. I would further suggest adding "This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Feminists of Color" and "Our Bodies, Ourselves" to the "Feminist Writings and Literature" section. "This Bridge" has been influential in terms of raising awareness of issues that women of color face and of the viewpoints they bring to feminism, while "Our Bodies, Ourselves" was a pioneering women's health book that was translated into a good many languages, although its present version does not much resemble the first few editions.

I partially raise these concerns here to remind myself of my thought process and what work I want to do here, but also in the hopes that others will feel inspired to incorporate the issues that matter to them. BooksihAcolyte (talk) 06:41, 24 April 2009 (UTC)

Additions
As a 'school' or lineage notable missing are the European, mostly French feminists, psychoanalysts Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva; literary psychoanalyst Helene Cixous, Michelle le Doeff (philosopher). Australian Elizabeth Grosz initially their interpreter now feminist philosopher and architectural outsider in her own right. On/in technology: Donna Haraway. VNX Matrix (Australian artists, 1990), Zoe Sophoulis Telk (discuss • contribs) 22:41, 16 June 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Feminism


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Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Arts and Crafts/Decoupage

1. Give the meaning and history of decoupage
The art of Decoupage, from the French word meaning to cut, is simply cutting out pictures and pasting them on furniture or home accessories to simulate painting by covering them with several coats of varnish or lacquer. The process makes cut-out pictures look like they were painted on the surface.

This art was also known as poor man's art because in the olden days those who couldn't afford to hire an artist to decorate their furniture could obtain quite elegant effects with cut-outs pasted on and covered with multiple coats of varnish or lacquer, traditionally as many as 30-40.

Decoupage dates back to the 12th century, but gained mass popularity in the late 17th century with the Western discovery of Oriental art composed of pictures lacquered onto items. It flourished in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries and many elaborate decorations on boxes, trays, chests and tables, formerly believed to have been hand painted, were later found to be merely cut outs cleverly applied by a crafty artisan. Some people who have enjoyed decoupage art include Lord Byron, Marie Antionette, and Pablo Picasso.

2. Make a list of the materials and equipment needed in decoupage.

 * 1) Something to decoupage on: Wood, tile, a box, pictures, furniture, photo albums, plates, ceramics, shelving, frames, mirrors.
 * 2) Pictures. They can come from magazines, greeting cards, calendars, catalogs, books, wrapping paper.  You can also use fabric, tissue paper, lace
 * 3) Cutting Utensil. Scissors, craft knife, razor blades.  Sometimes, tearing the paper works well to create a softer edge.
 * 4) Glue. Standard white glue works best if diluted with a little water.  Specialty glues can be found in craft stores.
 * 5) Roller or Smoother. Something to remove glue bubbles.  A brayer is a specialized tool like a miniature rolling pin that will help remove wrinkles and excess glue.
 * 6) Glue spreader. Can be cotton swabs (be sure not to leave lint behind), popsicle sticks, paint brushes, sponges, your finger.
 * 7) Cloth rags, sponges, tissue paper to wipe up excess glue and for other clean up.
 * 8) Sealer. Glue or other decoupage medium can be used as a sealer.  Traditional sealers were varnish and lacquer. Polyurethane or spray acrylic can also be used.
 * 9) Other tools. Any other tools that you may need to prepare the surface of your decoupage item.  This could include sand paper, steel wool, tack cloths. After enough layers of sealant are applied, imperfections in the sealant can be sanded out with 400 grit sandpaper and more sealant applied.

3. Describe how to prepare a wood or metal object for decoupage.

 * To prepare the surface of the object you will be working with, you may need to sand it so that it is as smooth as possible. Once you have sanded to your satisfaction, rinse (if practical) and dry it. You can also use tack cloth to remove any dust from it. Additionally, you can also prepare the surface by painting with a water-based enamel.

4. Describe three ways in which a print may be used in decoupage.

 * 1) A print can be placed on top of a surface and then treated. e.g. Tile or wood item.
 * 2) A print, after varnishing, can be soaked in water, then excess paper rubbed off the back and the print may then be stretched over a plaster-of-Paris dome.
 * 3) A print can be placed on the back of a transparent item (plate, bowl or tray, window) and then treated.
 * 4) Identical prints can be cut out, and using globs of cold glue between prints to make a 3D effect. Each layer must dry 100% before proceeding.

a. Modpodge print
See http://www.ehow.com/how_12168194_mod-podge-pictures.html for information on Mod Podge prints.


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Orthopaedic Surgery/Bone Mineralisation

Osteoporosis places 10 million Americans at risk for avoidable fracture and will only get worse given the demographics we face as the first of 78 million baby boomers hit 60 years of age this year. Osteoporosis is a challenge which is seemingly the cost of our success in achieving longevity and a life of relative ease. We drive cars, we work in offices, we buy our food, we spend our leisure in sedentary ways, and we survive to old age, spared from random violence, accident, and starvation. These benefits of modern life have occurred in such a short time frame, our physical being has certainly evolved to a different set of demands. Lacking the physical demands upon our skeleton it suffers disuse with resultant loss of functional reserve rendering us vulnerable in later years to fracture either with the event of a slip and fall, or from unexpected sudden loads, and in the worst case with just the usual mechanical stresses of daily use.

Osteoporosis is a side effect of modern life and the leisure and longevity it bestows. An active effort to offset this side effect should be accepted, but it seems that even simple measures such as dietary supplementation lack efficacy by virtue of poor compliance over time, even though such measures are inexpensive and seemingly benign in their demands on our time and lacking onerous side effects. How then can we expect to have a meaningful impact on the incidence of osteoporosis related fractures with a prescription of regular exercise and strength training? Education has an important but ultimately limited role in affecting culture and behavior, but education is our main tool and is most effective when repeated at regular intervals and in varied iterations, the desired message slipped under the door and sprung like a product placement spot in the midst of a favorite movie, or dangled from the wrist of a favorite celebrity.

Given the complex events giving rise to the prevalence of osteoporosis it is not surprising that dietary supplementation alone would have only a modest demonstrable effect in preventing the problem. A variety of environmental metabolic and behavioral factors interact with the predominant genetic factors to contribute to osteoporosis. The disease spectrum includes those in whom Vitamin D and Ca are the predominant factors and those in whom the depletion of hormonal regulation of the normal bone remodeling cycle is lost.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=16481635

http://archinte.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/166/8/869?maxtoshow=&HITS=&hits=&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=calcium+and+fractures&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT

Post menopausal osteoporosis is the typical example of the latter in that the compressive strength of bone is lost at an average 8.5% per decade from age 20 till age 100. Bone mineral density (BMD) declines in an accelerated manner after menopause at approximately 2% per year and this mineral density is responsible for 92% of the compressive strength. The loss of strength is somewhat mitigated by the increase in bone diameter and thus a theoretically enhanced bending stiffness. Male testosterone and Estrogen levels decline as well but there is a larger baseline bone mass and therefore a lesser tendency toward fragility fracture in males.

The effect of the sex hormones is to regulate the bone remodeling cycle. In the absence of sex hormones the bone remodeling cycle is accelerated with the net effect of bone loss. The osteoblastic phase takes longer than the osteoclastic phase so when the cycle speeds up the net effect favors osteoclasis. Imagine if we changed the rules of a hockey game by increasing the number of periods and shortening the length of the breaks in which the Zamboni must restore the surface. As the breaks shorten they cannot complete the task and with the shorter periods of play the well rested players tear up the ice with greater efficiency.

Skin pigmentation protects against the harmful effects of solar UV exposure which can cause skin cancer. UV B is necessary for endogenous production of Vitamin D in the skin, and most humans require sun exposure to satisfy their need for Vitamin D. Where sunlight is abundant, darker skin still allows sufficient UV absorption for Vit D synthesis but in northern climates lighter skin is needed to allow for sufficient UV absorption except in coastal areas where dietary Vitamin D makes skin synthesis a lesser priority and thus darker skin pigmentation is also seen. Skin pigmentation varies to calibrate sufficient UV absorption and to mitigate the harmful effects of excessive exposure. Darker skin pigmentation in combination with limited sunlight exposure and deficiency in dietary calcium adds to the risk of Vit D deficiency rickets and to osteoporosis and osteomalacia in adults.

Vitamin D is made in the skin by solar ultraviolet B radiation absorption by 7 dehydroxycholesterol to form a precursor molecule of Vitamin D3 which converts rapidly to Vitamin D3. Vitamin D3 is converted in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and then in the kidney to the active form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Vitamin D in the form of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D serves to facilitate the bioavailability of circulating calcium for the skeleton, and facilitates deity calcium absorption. The skeleton too serves as the back up reservoir to maintain serum calcium levels within physiologic levels for optimum neuro-muscular function. When dietary sources of Calcium and Vit D are lacking secondary hyperparathyroidism can lead to osteoporosis.

Dietary supplementation of both calcium and Vitamin D becomes increasingly important after age 50. Recommended supplementation of 1200 mg of calcium and 400 IU of Vit D in women over age 50 is designed to achieve a serum 25-OH Vit D level of 20 ng/ml. 5 to 10 minutes exposure of the arms and legs to sunlight, 2-3 times per week, is another method to maintain Vit D in a fashion which combines nicely with regular exercise.

http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/random0413/2003066679.html

http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/80/6/1678S?maxtoshow=&HITS=&hits=&RESULTFORMAT=1&andorexacttitle=and&fulltext=Vitamin+D++and+sunlight&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT

Collagen is the major structural protein of vertebrate extracellular matrix. Procollagen is processed to collagen which then associates into fibrils. Bone is a calcified organic matrix with a micro-composit structure of collagen and hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3OH. The structural qualities responsible for the apparent toughness of bone remain unclear. The atomic force microscope is being used to study the nature of bonding especially the cross linking within fibrillar collagen. The working hypothesis supported by preliminary experiment suggests sacrificial bonds which rupture and readily reform in response to strains. The modulation of mineralization leads to a balance between material properties of stiffness and brittleness. The unique structure of bone allows for an unusual toughness in addition to its stiffness.

http://www.biophysj.org/cgi/content/abstract/89/1/536?maxtoshow=&HITS=&hits=&RESULTFORMAT=1&andorexacttitle=and&fulltext=atomic+force+microscope+and+collagen&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=20&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v399/n6738/abs/399761a0_fs.html;jsessionid=1BF7DE6C4A8FEDC2C8BA70DD035E288E

title: Orthopaedic Surgery/Bone Mineralisation


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Template:Mathematical Proof/next

Answers | | Next section

title: Template:Mathematical Proof/next


text: Mathematical Proof/Print version

title: Mathematical Proof/Print version


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User:Freakofnurture~enwikibooks

See Wikipedia:user:freakofnurture

title: User:Freakofnurture~enwikibooks


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User talk:Freakofnurture~enwikibooks

See Wikipedia:user talk:freakofnurture

Your account will be renamed
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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Freakofnurture. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Freakofnurture~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

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Renamed
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title: User talk:Freakofnurture~enwikibooks


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Greek Mythology/Gods/Gods Family Tree

Gaea & Uranus |              |                                                      |            Aphrodite |  ---   |       |        |        |      |       |        |                  |        |       |       | Cronus & Rhea  Hyperion & Theia  Coeus & Phoebe  Iapetus & Clymene  Oceanus & Tethys  Themis  Mnemosyne |               |              |                 |                  |             |       |        |       -     Leto & Zeus   ---      -   Fates   Muses |      |       |       |          |        |        |    |      |           |        |    Helios   Selene   Eos         |     Prometheus  |  Atlas & Pleone      Metis & Zeus |                                 |                 |        |                   |  --       --       Epimetheus    |                   | |     |     |     |    |    |       |        |                     |                   | Hestia  |  Demeter  |  Hades  |     Artemis  Apollo          Zeus & Maia                 | |          |         |                                   |                      |     Poseidon       Zeus  &  Hera                               Hermes & Aphrodite        Athena |                                                      |      |        |         | Prometheus    Hebe   Hephaestus  Ares & Aphrodite |                               Harmonia & Cadmus

Griekse mythologie/Stamboom

title: Greek Mythology/Gods/Gods Family Tree


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Talk:Swedish

Proposed rename
The pages in this book should be renamed so that they begin with "Swedish/" so that they are consistent with the usual wikibooks style. This would also have benefits for easier navigation and it will be impossible to "lose" a module (as you'd be able to find all modules easily by searching for pages beginning with "Swedish/". Any move would be done in such a way as to preserve all links. I trust this will prove to be non-controversial, but note it here before proceeding to allow for any comments, Jguk 08:59, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

 * This was done by Jguk in March 2006. --Swift (talk) 07:00, 31 January 2009 (UTC)

This is not Swedish
This is Latin and English adjusted to Swedish grammar. Seriously. Words like shoppande is definitely not Swedish.

The sentence Situationer och konversationer med vokabulär is just awful. It is spitting on Swedish. It should be Tillfällen och samtal med ordförråd, or even just Tillfällen och samtal med ord.

Things to change in the list of contents:

resande; färder

hobbyer; sysslor

familj; nära och kära

shoppande; köp

kultur; sed

Obviously a lot more, but you should get the picture. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Skomakar'n (talk • contribs) 01:40, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks for taking an interest. Unfortunately, there don't seem to be any active contributors to this wikibook. You are of course welcome to fix any inaccuracies. --Swift (talk) 08:56, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

About the chapters 5 to 9
The chapters 5, 6 and 7 are basically nothing but small vocabularies, so I suggest that these are, no offense to the creator, removed. I also suggest that the previous chapters are reworked slightly to focus more on grammar and less on extending the vocabulary of the reader; after all, there is quite a few vocabularies in the book already. 8 and 9 I suggest that they are removed as well, but perhaps moved over to the vocabularies (since they, just as the previous chapters, probably just were going to be some vocabularies and minimal grammar). I myself will try to show this book some love whenever I have time, but I'm fairly sure I can't finish it alone. Koneke (talk) 11:39, 24 August 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Swedish


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Budget Watch Collecting/Learning to fix watches

The best way to learn to fix watches is obviously with a good teacher, however that can be difficult to find.

Gather a minimum toolset.

Gather mechanical movements. Bridged movements are best, but for educational purposes very low quality movements are fine. Avoid full plate or 3/4 plate movements as found in Timex, Westclox and similar inexpensive watches--These are extremely difficult to work with in a way that will teach skills needed for "normal" watches. A bigger movement is better, but a small bridged movement is preferable to a large full-plate. Women's movements are more plentiful, but harder to reassemble. They may be worth the attempt, just in learning to handle parts. Fewer complications (calendar, auto-wind) are better, and to some extent even badly damaged movements can be useful.

An old wind-up alarm clock can be useful in learning how a movement works--These usually beat a bit slower, and have larger parts that make it easier to visualize and follow what is happening. It can also be useful to study a working old 400-day/Anniversary clock, the type usually under a glass dome, with a slowly-rotating pendulum. Most of these have a visible escapement, and the slow rate allows you to see the different steps of the escapement.

Try to disassemble and reassemble a movement without breaking pivots or shooting parts across the room. Test the train before reinstalling the pallet, this will let you see if the train works properly

Next, try to clean and oil a movement.

Once you have successfully cleaned and oiled a movement, you may be ready to clean and oil the movement in a wearable watch.

Movement types in rough order of difficulty

Timex These are odd cases--A Timex is very difficult to completely tear down, however they were designed to be cleaned and lubricated with minimal disassembly. The official factory procedure has you remove the balance and some of the winding system, the rest is placed intact in the cleaner. In some cases, they will start running again just by swishing them around in lighter fluid.

Generic Swiss bridged time-only.

Seiko "magic lever" automatic--Without calendar is easier, but Seiko's calendar system is generally much easier than Swiss.

Swiss automatic--Variable, but generally more complex than Seiko.

Swiss Calendar--While some of these are reasonably simple, some were designed by a close relative of Rube Goldberg. I've frequently found a non-quickset date only to be more difficult than a Seiko with quickset day and date.

Chronograph. Many professional watchmakers refuse to work on these.


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False Friends of the Slavist/Map kvetn

kvetьnь

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travьnь

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AQA Information and Communication Technology/ICT2

How can data be captured?

manually by typing into the keyboard or capturing the data by some sort of automatic method such as OMR, OCR, Barcode reader or MICR.

Data is not just entered into the traditional computer (PC) but is used in many ways by other devices.

For example many areas use sensors to inform motorists that they are over the speed limit. These do not issue speeding ticket but act as a deterrent in order to reduce accidents. Motorways such as the M6 use an average speed limit calculation to issue tickets to motorist who slow down as they approach a speed camera but then increase their speed as they pass it. Traditional speed cameras used film to record a speeding car majority have now moved to digital meaning they can store many more images and do not need to be replaced.


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Talk:Poker/Personality

There is a good section on tight/loose and passive/aggressive. However, underneath this is the sentence 'Aggressive players will play almost any starting hand' which is a contradiction of the previous defintions. A loose player will play almost any starting hand and it is perfectly possible to be tight and aggressive. 192.102.214.6 12:28, 23 February 2006 (UTC) StompChicken

It should also be noted that much of this information is holdem-specific, but I guess everything's heading in that direction these days (not that I'm complaining). 68.33.32.246 07:07, 18 August 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Poker/Personality


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User talk:88.154.163.66

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you.

title: User talk:88.154.163.66


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False Friends of the Slavist/Map chrvn

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False Friends of the Slavist/Map Russian-skij

rusьskъjь


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map kor

kor

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map kor


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map pamkt

pametь

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map pamkt


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map machina

machina


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map jaid

zidъ

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map jaid


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map govor

govorъ

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map govor


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map trup

troupъ

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map trup


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map lice

lice

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map lice


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False Friends of the Slavist/Map pepelnica

pepelьnica


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map trudn

trudьnъ

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map trudn


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False Friends of the Slavist/Map pujuka

pusьka

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map pujuka


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map sklep

sъklepъ

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map sklep


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map sad

sad

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map sad


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map obraz

obrazъ

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map obraz


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map von

vonь(je)

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map von


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map dmlo

delo

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map dmlo


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map modar

modrъ

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map modar


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map razred

razredъ

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map razred


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map restauracija

restauracija


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map sklanjati

sъklanjati


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map sprezati

sъprezati


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False Friends of the Slavist/Map dunaj

Dunajь

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map dunaj


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map kovieg

kovъcegъ

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map kovieg


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map grad

grad

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map grad


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map mir

mirъ

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map mir


text:
False Friends of the Slavist/Map papa

papa

title: False Friends of the Slavist/Map papa


text:
Bartending/History/The United States and alcoholic beverages

Pre Prohibition
In 1817, after the debt had been settled from the War of 1812, America began to enjoy a tax free period of spirits growth. With the spirits being produced, they saw many new saloons and bars thrive. In 1832 Congress passed the "Pioneer Inn and Tavern Law", which allowed inns and saloons to serve alcoholic beverages without having the customer lease a room for the night.

Industrial Revolution
As the industrial revolution swept across the globe, America's shores saw a large influx of immigrants, who brought with them their skills of distillation and brewing and their love for communal drinking establishments. Many neighborhood bars began springing up especially in the poor urban areas of New York where many of the immigrants resided. During this time the infamous Tammany Hall welcomed these new public drinking houses. With so many taverns and bars, in some place as many as three to a single block, the political kingpins used barmen and tavern owners as power brokers, in exchange for the licenses to run the tavern.

Prohibition In The U.S.
Prohibition In the United States (1920-1933) was the era during which the United States government outlawed the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. It also includes the prohibition of alcohol by state action at different times, and the social-political movement to secure prohibition. At any time possession of liquor, wine or beer was illegal. Drinking alcohol was never technically illegal, but one who was drinking was liable for prosecution on the grounds that they possessed the alcohol they were drinking.

Nationwide prohibition
Nationwide prohibition was accomplished by means of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution (ratified January 16, 1919) and the Volstead Act (passed October 28, 1919). Prohibition began on October 28, 1919, when the Volstead Act went into effect. Federal Prohibition agents (police) were given the task of enforcing the law. Principal impetus for the accomplishment of Prohibition were members of the Republican Party, the Democratic Party, and the Prohibition Party. It was truly a cooperative effort with "progressives" making up a substantial portion of both major political parties. The main force were pious Protestants, who comprised majorities in the Republican party in the North, and the Democratic party in the South. Catholics and Germans were the main opponents; however, Germans were discredited by World War I and their protests were ignored.

End of prohibition
The Twenty-first Amendment, which repealed nationwide prohibition, explicitly gives states the right to restrict or ban the purchase or sale of alcohol; this has led to a patchwork of laws, in which alcohol may be legally sold in some but not all towns or counties within a particular state. After the repeal of the national constitutional amendment, some states continued to enforce prohibition laws. Mississippi, which had made alcohol illegal in 1907, was the last state to repeal prohibition, in 1966. There are numerous "dry" counties or towns where no liquor is sold, even though liquor can be brought in for private consumption. It was never illegal to drink liquor in the United States.


text:
Water Resources Directory/USA/Research

Key Reference

 * Confronting the Nation's Water Problems: The Role of Research (2004) ISBN 0309092582 Committee on Assessment of Water Resources Research, National Research Council. free online

Federally funded research programs

 * National Institutes for Water Resources
 * Provides minor annual funding for the State Water Resources Institute in each of 50 states,
 * which includes setting annual state and regional research priorities.
 * Provides annual funding for a national competitive grants research program.

 * National Water Program, a partnership of USDA CSREES and Land Grant universities.

 * Regional Integrated Sciences and Assessments by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). "The RISA program supports research that addresses complex climate sensitive issues of concern to decision-makers and policy planners at a regional level. ...Traditionally the research has focused on the fisheries, water, wildfire, and agriculture sectors."

Water Resources Research in the 50 States

 * See list of states.

 * Research funding
 * Research programs
 * Research needs

title: Water Resources Directory/USA/Research


text:
German/Level I/Review 2

Review Section I.B: Lessons I.4 to I.6

Vocabulary
Pronouns:

I            ich We           wir You          du               Sie (formal) You All      ihr Sie (formal) He           er She           sie It           es They          sie

Common Verbs (to have and to be) and Their Conjugations:

Have         habe (1st Person, Singular, ich) hast (2nd Person, Singular, informal, du) haben (1st & 3rd Person, Plural, wir, sie; 2nd Person, singular & plural, formal, Sie) habt (2nd Person, Plural, informal, ihr) Has          hat (3rd Person, singular, er, sie, es  Am            bin (1st person, Singular)  Are           bist (2nd Person, Singular, informal)                sind (1st & 3rd Person, Plural; 2nd Person, sing. & plur., formal)               seid (2nd Person, Plural, informal)  Is            ist

Greetings and Goodbyes

Hello! Hallo! Servus! (used in Bavaria and Austria) Moin! or Moin Moin! (used in northern Germany) Grüezi! (used in Switzerland) Good morning! Guten Morgen! or Morgen! Good day! Guten Tag! or Tag! Good evening! Guten Abend! or N'Abend! Grüß Gott! (used in southern Germany, Austria and South Tyrol) Goodbye! Auf Wiedersehen! or Wiedersehen Bye! Tschüss! or Tschau! (Ciao from Italy) Servus! (used in Bavaria, Austria) Later! Bis später! or Bis dann! Good night! Gute Nacht!

Common Adjectives:

Good         Gut Super! Spitze! Great! Prima! Very good! Sehr gut! Bad          Schlecht Miserable    Miserabel

Common Question Words

Who          Wer What         Was Where        Wo When          Wann Why          Warum How          Wie

People Boy          Der Junge Girl         Das Mädchen Man          Der Herr Woman        Die Frau Boys         Die Jungen Girls        Die Mädchen Men          Die Männer Women        Die Frauen

Hobbies and Conjuctions

Sport(s)     Sport Interests    Hobbys Soccer       Fußball USA Football Football Volleyball   Volleyball Basketball   Basketball Tennis       Tennis Baseball     Baseball 9-pin Bowling Kegeln Chess        Schach Board Game   Das Brettspiel Game         Das Spiel Homework     Hausaufgaben Television   Fernsehen Movie        Der Film, Filme And          und But          aber Or           oder

Common Verbs To Have      haben To Be        sein To Be Called heißen To Play      spielen To Do/Make   machen To Read      lesen To Watch     schauen To See       sehen To Work      arbeiten To Write     schreiben To Swim      schwimmen

Numbers

One          Eins Two          Zwei Three        Drei Four         Vier Five         Fünf Six          Sechs Seven        Sieben Eight        Acht Nine         Neun Ten          Zehn Eleven       Elf Twelve       Zwölf Thirteen     Dreizehn Fourteen     Vierzehn Fifteen      Fünfzehn Sixteen      Sechzehn Seventeen    Siebzehn Eighteen     Achtzehn Nineteen     Neunzehn Twenty       Zwanzig Thirty       Dreißig Forty        Vierzig Fifty        Fünfzig Sixty        Sechzig Seventy      Siebzig Eighty       Achtzig Ninety       Neunzig Hundred      Hundert Thousand     Tausend

Time

Noon          Mittag Midnight      Mitternacht After         Nach Till          Vor Quarter       Viertel Half Before   Halb Quarter Before Dreiviertel (used in eastern Germany) Day          Tag Today        Heute Tomorrow     Morgen Yesterday    Gestern Early Morning Morgen (use morgen früh for tomorrow morning) Morning      Vormittag Afternoon    Nachmittag Evening      Abend Night 	     Nacht Monday       Montag Tuesday      Dienstag Wednesday    Mittwoch Thursday     Donnerstag Friday       Freitag Saturday     Samstag or Sonnabend Sunday       Sonntag January      Januar Jänner (used in Austria) February     Februar March 	     März April 	     April May 	     Mai June 	     Juni Juno (in spoken word only) July 	     Juli Julei (in spoken word only) August       August September    September October      Oktober November     November December     Dezember Spring       Frühling Summer       Sommer Autumn       Herbst Winter       Winter Time         Die Zeit Free Time    Die Freizeit Always       immer Often        oft Sometimes    manchmal Seldom       selten Never        nie Only         nur

Accusative Case

Me           mich Us           uns You          dich You (formal) Sie You All      euch Him          ihn Her          sie It           es Them          sie

Food

Appetizers   Vorspeisen Salad        Der Salat Bread        Das Brot Breadstick   Die Scheibe Brot Main Dishes  Hauptgerichte Sausage      Die Wurst Sausages     Die Würste Bratwurst    Die Bratwurst Hot Dog      Das Hot Dog Pizza        Die Pizza Pizzas       Die Pizzen Hamburger    Der Hamburger Hamburgers   Die Hamburger With         mit (ignore article) Without      ohne (ignore article) Tomatoes     Die Tomaten Lettuce      Der Salat Cheese       Der Käse Pickles      Die Gewürzgurken Onions       Die Zwiebeln Ketchup      Der Ketchup Mustard      Der Senf Chicken      Das Hähnchen Chickens     Die Hähnchen Seafood      Die Meeresfrüchte (plural) Fish         Der Fisch Sides        Die Beilage (singular), die Beilagen (plural) Soup         Die Suppe Soups        Die Suppen Noodle Soup  Die Nudelsuppe French Fries Die Pommes frites (plural) Fries        Die Fritten (Informal and plural) Pasta        Die Pasta or Die Nudeln Potato       Die Kartoffel Potatoes     Die Kartoffeln Corn         Der Mais Bean         Die Bohne Beans        Die Bohnen Desserts     Nachspeisen Gâteau       Die (Sahne-)Torte Strudel      Der Strudel Apple strudel Der Apfelstrudel Cake         Der Kuchen Piece of Cake Das Stück Kuchen Pie          Die Pastete Piece of Pie Das Stück Pastete Apple Pie    Die Apfelpastete Ice Cream    Das Eis Pudding      Der Pudding Cookie       Der Keks Cookies      Die Kekse Fruit        Das Obst The Meal     Das Essen Lunch        Das Mittagessen Dinner       Das Abendessen Hunger       Der Hunger Thirst       Der Durst To Eat       essen To Drink     trinken To Receive   bekommen To Want      wollen Would Like   möchten

Useful Phrases

Thank you               Danke Please & You're Welcome Bitte Thank you very much     Dankeschön Thanks a lot            Danke sehr No problem              Kein Problem!

Nationalities

Chinese Food chinesisches Essen Japanese Food japanisches Essen American Food amerikanisches Essen Mexican Food mexikanisches Essen Arabic Food  arabisches Essen Italian Food italienisches Essen Indian Food  indisches Essen French Food  französisches Essen Greek Food   griechisches Essen

Common Prepositions

Through      Durch For          Für Against      Gegen Without      Ohne At, Around   Um

Adjectives to Describe Food

Delicious    lecker Tasty        schmackhaft Juicy        saftig Crunchy      knackig Crispy       knusprig Spicy        würzig Stale        fade fad (used in Austria) Salty        salzig Sweet        süß Bitter       bitter Sour         sauer Creamy       cremig Hot          heiß Burnt        angebrannt Cold         kalt Disgusting   schrecklich

Restaurant

To Pay       Zahlen The Bill     Die Rechnung Waiter       Der Ober/Der Kellner

Hello and Goodbyes
Wir haben Begrüßungen und Verabschiedungen gelernt. Können Sie sich an diese erinnern?

Bericht!

Nominative Case
Wir haben auch den Nominativ gelernt. Können Sie sich an ihn erinnern?

Bericht!

Names
Wir haben das Verb heißen gelernt. Erinnern Sie sich?

Bericht!

Verbs
Wir haben zwei andere Verben konjugiert. Können Sie sich daran erinnern?

Bericht!

Articles
Wir haben die Artikel beim Nominativ gelernt. Können Sie sich an sie erinnern?

Bericht!

Regulars Verbs
Wir haben die regelmäßigen Verbende gelernt. Können Sie sich an sie erinnern?

Bericht!

Likes & Dislikes
Wir haben gelernt unser Gefallen auszudrücken. Können Sie sich daran erinnern?

Bericht!

Numbers
Wir haben die Zahlen gelernt. Können Sie sich an sie erinnern?

Bericht!

Time
Wir haben schon Zeit-Wörter gelernt. Können Sie sich an diese erinnern?

Bericht!

Accusative Case
Wir hatten schon den Akkusativ-Fall gelernt. Können Sie sich an ihn erinnern?

Bericht!

Modal Verbs
Wir haben die Modalverben gelernt. Können Sie sich an sie erinnern?

Bericht!

Kein-Words
Wir haben die „Kein“-Wörter gelernt. Können Sie sich daran erinnern?

Bericht!

This, Everyone, and Which
Wir haben „dieser“, „jeder“ und „welcher“ gelernt.. Können Sie sich erinnern?

Bericht!

title: German/Level I/Review 2


text:
WebObjects/Database Compatibility and Comparisons/Postgresql

Yes, PostgreSQL does work with WebObjects. The best place to start is the Project WONDER PostgresqlPlugin Page.

If you're on a Mac, Apple has an article on installing PostgreSQL on Mac OS X that is pretty straightforward.

If you're interested in a nice graphical interface to managing your PostgreSQL installation, you may want to checkout out Navicat PostgreSQL from Navicat.


text:
WebObjects/Project WONDER/Frameworks/PostgresqlPlugin

There are three pieces required to use PostgreSQL with WO:

JDBC Driver
The JDBC driver is required for WO just like for any Java application that talks to a database. You can download the JDBC driver for PostgreSQL from http://jdbc.postgresql.org/download.html. Make sure to download the driver that matches the version of PostgreSQL that you have installed.

The easiest route for installation is to drop the JDBC jar file into your /Library/Java/Extensions. Be aware that putting jars in /Library/Java/Extensions has all the usual caveates with respect to classpath references and versioning (it is loaded by the system classloader and is a global version for all of your Java applications).

PostgresqlPlugin Framework
The easiest way to get the PostgresPlugin.framework is to download one of the nightly builds of Project WOnder from the mDimension nightly build server at http://webobjects.mdimension.com/wonder. Uncompress the tar of the version you need into your /Library/Frameworks folder to install them. You must add the PostgresPlugin.framework to your WOApplication so that it is able to find the plugin.

PostgreSQL EOModeler Bundle
Currently the Wonder build server does not autobuild the piece (coming soon). This is only needed for generating SQL out of EOModeler, so if you're just deploying, this isn't necessary. To use the EOModeler Bundle, checkout Project Wonder from its SourceForge repository (you can just checkout Wonder/PlugIns if you don't want everything). Go into the PostgresPlugInBundle folder and run xcodebuild, or load the project into Xcode and build it from the GUI. This will produce a build/Default/PostgresqlPlugIn.EOMplugin folder that you can copy into your /Developer/EOMBundles folder. Note that you CANNOT put it into your ~/Devloper/EOMBundles folder because EOModeler decides it doesn't want to look in that folder.

Using PostgreSQL in EOModeler
Once you have set everything up, using PostgreSQL in EOModeler is actually very straight-forward. Remember to add the PostgresPlugin.framework to your project, open your model, and Set Adapter Info to:

URL: jdbc:postgresql://yourhost/yourdatabase Username: whatever Password: whatever Driver: org.postgresql.Driver Plugin: PostgresqlPlugIn


text:
User:Linforcer

About Me
My name is Tommy Quist. I'm lazy, but confident I'll find something I dare work on.

Contact
e-mail: linforcer =at= gmail -dot- com MSN: see e-mail Skype: linforcer

title: User:Linforcer


text:
Greek Mythology/Minor Gods/Muses

The Muses were the patron goddesses of the arts, including what are now considered the sciences. In most tellings, they daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne. Some say that Apollo was their leader. In the earliest myths, there were three unspecialized Muses, but they were later worshipped as nine and assigned genres. Their specialties were most commonly given as: They were especially identified with Pieria in Thessaly, where they were often called Pierides, and Mt. Helicon in Boeotia. Museums were temples dedicated to the Muses and their learning.
 * Calliope - epic poetry
 * Clio - history
 * Erato - love poetry
 * Euterpe - music or lyric poetry
 * Melpomene - tragedy
 * Polyhymnia (or Polymnia) - sacred poetry
 * Terpsichore - choral song and dance
 * Thalia - comedy
 * Urania - astronomy

title: Greek Mythology/Minor Gods/Muses


text:
WebObjects/Project WONDER/Quickstart

Quickstart
Using Project WONDER is surprisingly easy. There are only a few steps to get up-and-running:

 * 1) Download and install the Project WONDER frameworks;
 * 2) Add the ERJars.framework and ERExtensions.framework to your WebObjects project;
 * 3) Change your Application class to extend er.extensions.ERXApplication instead of WOApplication;
 * 4) Change your Application.main method to call er.extensions.ERXApplication.main instead of WOApplication.main;
 * 5) Change your Session class to extend er.extensions.ERXSession instead of WOSession;
 * 6) Change your DirectAction class to extend er.extensions.ERXDirectAction instead of WODirectAction;
 * 7) Build.

When using Xcode out of the box, there will be an error upon launching this application (as of Feb 6, 2007):

"No ERX_MARKER field in NSMutableArray found."

This means your class path is incorrect. Adjust it so that ERExtensions come before JavaFoundation. To do this, you must change the order of your classpath so that ERExtensions appears above JavaFoundation. In my default classpath, JavaFoundation appears first in the list. If you are using Xcode, follow Jerry Walker's instructions:

 * 1) Select "Application Server" in your Active Target popdown menu at the top left of your Xcode window.
 * 2) Type command-option-e or choose the Project->Edit Active Target 'Application Server' menu item. This will open a target editing window.
 * 3) Select 'Link Binary With Libraries' under 'Build Phases' in the left-hand view.
 * 4) You can edit the framework load order by dragging framework up or down in the list on the right. Drag the ERExtensions.framework to the top.
 * 5) Rearrange these frameworks in the editing pane into any order that you desire by dragging and dropping them within the editing pane.
 * 6) Set your Active Target popdown menu back to the name of your project. THIS IS IMPORTANT.
 * 7) Clean and rebuild your app and your classpath settings should be rearranged accordingly.

This error only occurs with Xcode and, obviously, this workaround applies to Xcode and not Eclipse. Also, there is also an Xcode project template for an ERXApplication available. (from where?)

If you are using WOLips, you can create a new "Project Wonder Application" which will setup a project with these steps already performed.

That's it! You are now using Project WONDER and you've begun your journey to easier WO application development.

Notes from David Teran
From David Teran Dec 1 2004: Pointers for getting your head around the frameworks

"PW consists of different frameworks, the most important one is ERExtensions, then for D2W apps additionally ERDirectToWeb, some if not all people are using ERCoreBusinessLogic. The other frameworks are build on top of one or multiple from these.

BUT: i would start reading the class description and then the javadoc, its generated from the sourcecode with eclipse within a second ( ok, maybe 60... ) and its read in about 1 - 3 hours.

Then i would take a look ERXApplication, ERXSession, ERXGenericRecord, ERXEC (very interesting!), ERXThreadStorage (very interesting, too), ERExtensions, ... and the various utility classes: ERXEOControlUtilities, ERXEOAccessUtilities, ERXArrayUtilities and so on."

Internationalization and Localization
Practical WebObjects outlines one technique for handling internationalization. It is incompatible with Project WONDER.

To handle internationalization in Project WONDER, delete the  from your   class (which should now be derived from  ). Likewise, delete the  method from your   class (which should now be derived from  ). Then add the following call to your  constructor:

Logging
Practical WebObjects outlines one technique for SQL logging. Project WONDER uses an entirely different technique.

In Project WONDER, put this in one of the properties files (I use ~/WebObjects.properties)

Backtracking
Project WONDER offers a few techniques to deal with backtracking.

My recommended way is to add a method to your WOComponent:

Then anywhere a form is submitted where backtracking might be a problem, add this code to the action method:

also contains some code to deal with backtracking. As of Project WONDER 3.0, the code seems to work inconsistently. When the page is backtracked and the form submitted, values in the form are just passed as. This tends to cause more problems than it is worth, although your situation may be different. Also, there is an option to throw an exception when the page is backtracked, but this exception doesn't seem to be thrown consistently.

Prebuilt

 * http://webobjects.mdimension.com/wonder/api
 * http://webobjects.mdimension.com/wonder/Wonder-latest-Documentation.tar.gz

Creating javadocs from the Wonder source (not using Eclipse)
If you want to create the javadoc and you haven't got Eclipse going yet:

 * 1) Get the latest source from the nightly build server.
 * 2) Once you untar it you'll have a Wonder folder created.
 * 3) In the terminal app % cd to the Wonder/Build/build directory
 * 4) % ant doc
 * 5) Wait several minutes while some good stuff scrolls by in your terminal window (If ant gives you errors, you may have to set it to use ant 1.4 instead of 1.5 by exporting:  JAVA_HOME=/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/1.4/Home)
 * 6) Find the new dist/wonder-2.0/Documentation/api/index.html page that has been created in the same directory as the Wonder folder was untarred in
 * 7) Double click on the index.html page and the javadocs will open in your favourite browser

Creating javadocs from the Wonder source (using Eclipse)
Someone else will have to fill in this section...

title: WebObjects/Project WONDER/Quickstart


text:
Talk:Greek Mythology/Gods/Gods Family Tree

Format
I've made a stab at formatting this. Unless someone thinks we should do something else, I'm going to add links to the entries of the various god articles. Lnhammer 21:14, 13 March 2006 (UTC)

 * I note the insanely complicated Wikipedia version of this. Lnhammer 02:01, 24 February 2006 (UTC)

 * If you can tell me how to insert an image I found a Greek Mythology Gods Family Tree pic. Trooper209 11:35, 24 February 2006 (PST)
 * Good question. I'm still learning this thing myself. Lnhammer 18:44, 1 March 2006 (UTC)

Aphrodite
I thought Aphrodite was made from sea-foam? -Andrew Watt 19:27, 2 June 2006 (UTC)

Other gods
I'm not sure this is all the gods - there's also no demi-gods. Wikisquared

Yeah, I scanned it over and Hecate is missing. Not sure who else yet. Webjunkie 12:48, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Never heard of Hebe before...I always heard it was Eris.

Heracles
He didn't fit within the family tree as it was shown. His mother was not Semele, it was Alcmene who was a mortal woman. He doesn't become a god until after he dies. Once he gains divinity he marries Hebe who was the daughter of Zeus and Hera and a cupbearer. Eris was another daughter of Zeus and Hera. Aphrodite was born of the seafoam caused by the mixture of water and blood from Uranus' severed head. Many other gods are indeed missing. Etude 13:26, 11 February 2009 (UTC) Hebe was the cup bearer for Zeus

creation
uranus and gai were created by Chaos the leader of all gods and the creater of the Greek civilization.....do not leave Chaos out

Nyx, Goddess of Night, isn't she in their somewhere? I think she was a daughter of Chaos, not sure though.


text:
Talk:Greek Mythology

New chapters
I added new chapters for (1) Sources and (2) Theoretical Issues. DKleinecke (talk) 16:37, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

What I have in mind in a chapter on Sources is a description of the documents (and other things) that provide us with knowledge of the Greek Mythology. Things like brief biographies (in so far as that is possible) of Homer and Hesiod and the others. Also discussion of who might have written the Homeric hymns, why and where. We might even want to go so far as the question of did Homer write Homer? DKleinecke (talk) 16:37, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

What I have in mind in a chapter on Theoretical Issues is a discussion of the more technical matters placed here so as to minimize the interference with the stories as literature. For example, is the catalog of ships really a survival from Mycenaean times? Or what is the relationship of Greek mythology to Ugaritic mythology? Or what exactly do the remains of Linear B tell us about the mythology. DKleinecke (talk) 16:37, 13 June 2008 (UTC)

Separate Books
I've already said this on the Egyptian Mythology Wikibook. Each mythology would probably be better off with its own book, rather than one chapter in another. --Kyriakos 22:40, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Where is the problem? When you have real paper books on your bookshelf, do you really see the difference between several volumes of a multi-volume work and several books in a series? So why not make a "book" (series, whatever) about mythology with links to the "books" (volumes, whatever) on Greek and Egyptian mythology? The internet is a hypertext! What is important is that the same work is not done twice, so of course the information in the different mythology modules should indeed be merged. But what the resulting page is called does not matter. Names are just addresses. --Daniel Bunčić 11:40, 7 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, I think mythology sections would benefit by being closely associated, so that the cross-links between traditions could be more easily pointed up. Lnhammer 20:09, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

Stories
Suggest delete the stories of the Minotaur and Sphinx, and deal with them strictly under Beasts. Lnhammer 21:01, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

Help Please
How do you insert an image? I found a great non-copyrighted Gods Genealogy Image.

Trooper209 23:56, 28 February 2006 (UTC)

Names of Mythological Characters
I've read all the articles that have made and what I saw is there so much inconsistency of the spelling of the names of the characters. I know, there are some spelling of the names, but we should use common spelling of the names. I've seen some spelling of Kronos to [i]Chronos[/i], but the most common spelling of this name is Cronus. We should use common spelling to all the articles so that readers, especially the readers who are not familiar of mythology, can easily relate easily. I will now fixed the spelling.Hedwig0407 04 August 2006

"Common" is dependent on where you are and what you're taught. For example, where I live, the college I go to, my literature teacher taught us Odysseus as "common." I am aware, most of the rest of the world uses Ulysseus as "common." Maybe we could list common other spellings along with what we know the standard to be? Just to save confusion. Webjunkie 04:06, 7 August 2006 (UTC)

Most of the names are completely wrong. All of the names are from latin, e.g. uranus is actually oranos, Hecules is actually heracles... Therefore I'm fixing these names to their original greek equivalents Wikisquared 21:04, 28 October 2006 (UTC)

Perhaps we ought to clarify that this is a Greek Mythology page. Thus, we should NOT be considering the latin forms for any characters' name because latin was used by the Romans, whereas Greeks spoke Greek. This is why we use Zeus and not Jupiter, Odysseus and not Ulysses (not Ulysseus). I even dispute the spelling of Heracles. I think it ought to be Herakles, which I was taught in university (in Classical Mythology). How are we ever to agree on these if we each have a preferred spelling? Our preferences are too dependent upon the books our professors chose for us to read. Perhaps there should be a page devoted to the variations of all the names. MKnock 12:12, 8 April 2007 (EST)

Target audience?
What age range are we aiming this textbook for, and why? My curiosity stems from wanting to contribute yet not knowing who the readers will be - college age, or elementary school? Haiduc (talk) 21:23, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greek Mythology


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Talk:Greek Mythology/Beasts/Graeae

Should these be under Beasts or Minor Gods? Lnhammer 21:03, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greek Mythology/Beasts/Graeae


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Greek Mythology/Gods/Ares

Ares was the Greek god of war, conflict and masculine courage. He is distinguished from Athena, also a war deity, as being associated with the individual warrior and the personal fight.

His origins consistently claim Hera as his mother and attribute his paternity to Zeus or that Hera conceived him alone to spite Zeus conceiving Athena by himself. His name may mean destroyer or avenger.

He is associated with the Roman god Mars, although Mars had an agrarian side and enjoyed wider worship.

Homer's Ares was bloody and merciless and while god of war, was a coward who cried in pain and when wounded, runs away. Homer's interpretation of Ares is likely more for entertainment value than religious accuracy.

In the mythos there are no mentions of Ares attacking unprovoked. Each of Ares' duels are the result of attacks on his family, or in the heat of a declared battle. The rape of his daughter, the revenge killing of her rapist and his acquittal at the Areopagus is one example.

On the battlefield, he was accompanied by Phobos ("fear") and Deimos ("terror") and his daughters Eris ("strife") and Enyo ("horror") all his children with Aphrodite. They also were parents to Harmonia ("harmony").

Although Mars is attributed with the rape of Rhea Silvia, Ares is not associated with non consensual sex.

Ares' symbols were a spear and armor. The woodpecker, vulture and wolf were also associated with him.

title: Greek Mythology/Gods/Ares


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Talk:Greek Mythology/Gods/Ares

This is a stub--need more information! Lnhammer 21:22, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Greek Mythology/Gods/Ares


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User talk:207.61.117.49

Please do not delete content of pages. We are not Wikipedia and please do not write here about issues we are completely not interested here. --Derbeth talk 23:33, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:207.61.117.49


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User talk:Simtropolitan

Image:Esperanto melono.jpg
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title: User talk:Simtropolitan


text:
User talk:216.209.118.137

You have been blocked on Wikipedia, please stop moving across the Wikis, you will be blocked on every one. Tawker 23:41, 23 February 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:216.209.118.137


text:
User talk:199.216.209.253

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you.

title: User talk:199.216.209.253