text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bc4/3...Nf6/4. Ng5/4...d5/5. exd5/5...Nd4/6. c3/6...b5/7. Bf1/7...Nxd5/8. Ne4/8...Qh4/9. Ng3/9...Bg4/10. f3/10...e4

=Two Knights Defence:Fritz variation=

9...e4
Hans Berliners move. This position has been the subject of World Correspondence Championship games. Black has the advantage in development but White has extra material in many lines. It seems White's position is better but finding the correct moves is not easy and many times Black comes out better.

Theory Table
.
 * 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bc4 Nf6 4.Ng5 d5 5.exd5 b5 6.Bf1 Nd4 7.c3 Nxd5 8.Ne4 Qh4 9. Ng3 Bg4 10.f3 e4


text:
Talk:XQuery/Checking for Required Parameters

Dan, I've implemented your code but made a few changes:

- aligned the XQuery variable names with the parameter names - not necessary but the messages should refer to the external parameter name, not the internal name - cut out some unnecessary parentheses

Here's the code as stored xquery version "1.0"; declare namespace request="http://exist-db.org/xquery/request";

let $parameter-p1 := request:get-parameter('p1', '')

return if (not($p1)) then Parameter p1 is missing. Parameter p1 is a required parameter for this XQuery. else Parameter p1={$parameter-p1} No parameter p1=yes

and xquery version "1.0"; declare namespace request="http://exist-db.org/xquery/request";

let $parameter-p1 := request:get-parameter('p1', '') let $parameter-p2 := request:get-parameter('p2', '')

return if (not($p1) or not($p2)) then Parameter p1 or p2 is missing. Both arguments required for this XQuery. Parameter p1={$parameter-p1} Parameter p2={$parameter-p2} else Parameter p1={$parameter-p1} Parameter p2={$parameter-p2} No parameters p1=yes p1=yes and p2=no

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. c4/1...e6

= English Opening: Agincourt Defence =

1...e6
1.c4 e6 is the Agincourt Defence (named for the Battle of Agincourt, fought between the English and the French). Black fights for control of d5 and plans to put a pawn there. Common replies to this opening are 2.Nf3, 2.Nc3, and 2.g3.

title: Chess Opening Theory/1. c4/1...e6


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. c4/1...g6

= English Opening: Great Snake Variation = A transposing move.

Theory table
.

title: Chess Opening Theory/1. c4/1...g6


text:
LEGO Design/Glossary

Glossary

Axle - A LEGO Technic piece used to allow wheels and gears to spin freely, and to hold models together.

Beam - A LEGO Technic piece used to stabilize models and add structure. Has holes through the side.

Brick - A basic LEGO piece with studs on the top. They differ in size and color

Connector Peg - A LEGO Technic piece that can be used to connect beams and other elements with holes in them together.

Gear - A LEGO Technic piece used to transfer energy from motors etc to wheels.

Motor - A LEGO element that can be used to drive pieces like wheels and gears. Appear in Technic and Mindstorms LEGO sets

Plate - A LEGO piece that is 1/3 of the height of normal LEGO bricks

Sensor - A LEGO Mindstorms element used to detect sound, objects, light, touch etc.

title: LEGO Design/Glossary


text:
User:Sociology

Hello. Welcome to my userpage. I like sociology (hence, my username).

title: User:Sociology


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. c4/1...c6

= English Opening =

1...c6
Planning to transpose into the Caro-Kann or Slav Defence. Note however that white can also reach the Reti opening by playing 2.Nf3

Theory table
.

title: Chess Opening Theory/1. c4/1...c6


text: User talk:99.235.0.136

title: User talk:99.235.0.136


text:
User talk:203.109.241.121

– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:03, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:203.109.241.121


text:
User talk:Sociology

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:12, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sociology


text: User talk:76.226.62.64

title: User talk:76.226.62.64


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...g6

= Queen's Pawn Opening: Modern Defence =

1...g6
The Modern Defence is a solid, if not offbeat, response to White's 1. d4. Black gives up the centre in exchange for slower development on the kingside. White's most common reply is 2. e4, and Black usually responds with 3...Bg7 attacking the pawn and aiming at the d4-square.

White's options are many. Here are the 2 most popular:
 * 2. e4 - Pirc (Robatsch) or Modern transposition
 * 2. c4 - Heading for various queen's pawn games (e.g. KID, OID, QGD)

Theory table
.

1. d4 g6

title: Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...g6


text:
XQuery/Example Sequencer

The code examples used in the XQuery /SQL comparison are coded in an XML file. The WikiBook page redundantly has the code pasted into the page but an alternative is to provide an application to generate the whole page together with the executed examples from the XML script.

Here is a sample of the XML script:

 List the name of each employee together with the name of their manager. select e.ename, m.ename from emp e, emp m where e.mgr = m.empno ; <![CDATA[for $emp in //Emp let $manager := //Emp[EmpNo = $emp/MgrNo] return  {$emp/Ename} {string($manager/Ename)}  ]]> The SQL Join has missed Employee King who has no manager,

To allow the queries to be executed in a selected order, a lesson defines a sequence of queries:

 Test Lesson 1</Name> <Step queryid="32"/> <Step queryid="33"/> <Step queryid="31"/> <Step queryid="21a"/> <Step queryid="20"/> </Lesson>

The user can step through the examples in the lesson :

Test Lesson

Implementation
Two scripts form the core of this application, one to list the queries in a lesson, the other to execute the query code, both SQL and XQuery and show the results. ....

title: XQuery/Example Sequencer


text: User talk:216.73.65.60

title: User talk:216.73.65.60


text:
Template talk:Radiation Oncology/TOC

I took out the {Edit This} link, since somebody edited the template, while presumably trying to edit the underlying page. I can see how that confusion can arise again. Tdvorak 01:04, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

title: Template talk:Radiation Oncology/TOC


text:
Transwiki:Two-handed manual alphabet

Several manual alphabets in use around the world employ two hands for some or all of the letters.

BANZSL alphabet
This alphabet is used in the BANZSL group of sign languages. It has been used in British Sign Language and Auslan since at least the 19th century, and in New Zealand Sign Language since the 1970s.

Deafblind alphabet
This is a variation on the above alphabet, modified for use by deafblind people.

The signer holds the wrist of the receiver. The receiver's hand is relaxed, with the palm open and fingers slightly apart. The signer uses their dominant hand like a pen to sign on the non-dominant hand of the receiver. As a beginner, you may squeeze the wrist of the receiver between words since you will spell haltingly. Once you can spell fluently, simply put a short pause between words. AEIOU are the pads of each finger.

 * A: Touch the pad of the thumb
 * B: The fingers and thumb squish together and tap (firmly) the palm
 * C: Draw your finger along the edge of the thumb and up the index finger (shape of a C)
 * D: Touch the index finger at the tip and the first knuckle
 * E: Touch the pad of the index finger
 * F: With your index and middle fingers together, touch the middle of the outside of the index finger (capital F has two crosses)
 * G: Place a closed fist on the palm (as if slamming your fist down in anger)
 * H: Sweep your hand across the palm extending all the way to the tips of the fingers (hhhhhh is a soft sound)
 * I: Touch the pad of the middle finger
 * J: Touch the pad of the middle finger, and draw a J towards the thumb (looks like a J, and is similar to American Manual Alphabet J)
 * K: With a curled index finger, touch your knuckle to the first knuckle of the index finger (forms the shape of a K)
 * L: Lay your index finger diagonally across the palm from the base of the index finger (lower-case l)
 * M: Lay three fingers across the palm diagonally (m touches the line it sits on in 3 places; this is similar to AMA M)
 * N: Lay two fingers across the palm diagonally (n touches the line it sits on in 2 places; this is similar to AMA N)
 * O: Touch the pad of the ring finger
 * P: Pinch the pad and nail of the index finger (P for pinch)
 * Q: Hook your curled index finger around the thumb
 * R: Place your curled index finger on the palm, off to one side (away from the thumb) (looks like a backwards lower-case r)
 * S: Hook your curled index finger around the little finger
 * T: Touch the side of the hand with an index finger (side opposite the thumb) (T for touch)
 * U: Touch the pad of the little finger
 * V: Place your index and middle fingers on the palm wide apart, forming a V (looks like V)
 * W: 3 ways to do this; all are acceptable, but your receiver might not know them all. 1:Interlace your fingers with theirs 2:Grab all their fingers from the side (if your hand is folded over, their index finger lays across the first knuckles of your hand) 3:Grab their fingers from the top (if your hand is folded over, their fingertips lay across the first knuckles of your hand)
 * X: With an index finger, touch the side of the index finger in the middle (forms an X)
 * Y: Draw a line across the palm diagonally from the base of the index finger (like drawing the tail of a y)
 * Z: Draw a Z across the palm (is Z)

This is often used by people who are Deafblind, and can easily incorporate ASL signs if the receiver knows them and can feel what you are signing.

title: Transwiki:Two-handed manual alphabet


text:
Cookbook:American Potato Salad I

| American cuisine | Vegetarian cuisine | Salad

Potato salad is able to trace its origins to Germany before the turn of the 17th century, where it first became popular to use vinegar and spices on the potato as side to a meal. The salad has a bite to it and is served warm as often as not.

Ingredients

 * 2 pounds (3–4 ea.) medium russet potatoes
 * 1 tablespoon plus ½ teaspoon salt
 * 2 tablespoons distilled white vinegar
 * 1 medium rib of celery
 * ¾ teaspoon celery seed
 * ¾ cup mayonnaise
 * ¾ teaspoon powdered mustard
 * 2 tablespoons minced onion
 * 2 tablespoons minced fresh parsley leaves
 * ¼ teaspoon ground black pepper
 * 3 tablespoons sweet pickle relish

Procedure

 * 1) Peel and cut potatoes into ¾ inch cubes.
 * 2) Cover potatoes with an inch of water in a large saucepan and bring to a boil.
 * 3) Add 1 tablespoon salt to boiling water and reduce heat to medium.
 * 4) Simmer about 8 minutes, stirring gently once or twice, until potatoes are tender. Taste a piece—don't overcook.
 * 5) Drain potatoes and place in a large bowl.
 * 6) Toss potatoes gently with vinegar using a rubber spatula.
 * 7) Cool potatoes. They must be no more than barely warm to mix.
 * 8) Chop celery fine.
 * 9) Stir together celery, celery seeds, mayonnaise, dry mustard, onion, parsley, pepper, and ½ teaspoon salt.
 * 10) Gently fold together dressing mix and potatoes.
 * 11) Cover and refrigerate at least an hour, until thoroughly chilled.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * You may have to substitute celery salt for the celery seeds, but then leave out the salt in the dressing.
 * Do not mix too much once the potatoes are in, or they will break down.
 * A couple of hard-boiled eggs, diced about ¼ inch may be added when the final mix is made.

title: Cookbook:American Potato Salad I


text:
Music Theory/Metal

What is metal?
Metal is a form of music originating in the UK and USA rock and jazz scenes in the very late 1960s. Arguably, the progenitors of the style were Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, and Judas Priest. It is known for powerful vocals, distorted and really loud electric guitars, deep bass lines, heavy beats and drums and the extensive use of 5th chords ("power chords") and a minor feel. The default time signature for metal is 4/4; however, a large number of metal acts display a higher level of musicianship than rock acts, and thus time signatures can vary widely to include compound and even asymmetric meters.

The general instruments in a metal band are electric guitars (acoustics are not used as widely), bass guitars, and drum kits. In some genres keyboards are common. Many of metal bands use guitar techniques such as sweeping and fretboard tapping (to play fast melody patterns, especially arpeggios), whammy bar diving (pushing down the vibrato bridge all the way to create a guttural roaring sound), and pinch harmonics (partially stopping a vibrating string with the picking hand to create a very high-pitched harmonic with a distinctive "squealing" tone).

Due to misunderstandings, there are some genres that are either fusions of metal with other genres, or not metal at all. For example, Visual Kei (a type of J-Rock) is often interpreted as metal, due to the heavy use of makeup (which is a typical practice of especially earlier metal acts) and some stylistic elements common to metal. Some other groups are a matter of constant genre debate, such as Slipknot and System of a Down.

General genres of metal
Metal artists tend to divide and sub-divide their genres extensively. The sheer number of metal genres is expansive; see this Wikipedia article for an in-depth list.

Heavy Metal
Heavy metal is generally regarded as synonymous with the general term "metal". It is characterized by its "heavy" sound, that is, one with a crunchy, bass-heavy feel. The term "heavy metal" comes from the novel "Naked Lunch" by William S. Burroughs but was popularized by the song "Born to Be Wild" by Steppenwolf which features the term in its lyrics. Not many bands are labeled as simply heavy metal - it is more of a general term if anything. It started in 1969 when Black Sabbath combined blues rock, psychedelic rock, and even a little influences of darker, louder classical music pieces, industrial sounds, and the fluent drumming and bass of jazz. The band also wanted to talk about horrible stuff that was going on back then, and create a more dark, atmospheric sound. This early form of metal used pentatonic style soloing, sludgy, jazz style tom-tom and cow bell drumming, and a minor scale rhythm section. In 1980, the new wave of British heavy metal came about, and added more hardcore punk influence, lots of the songs were in a minor key. and usually used drop tunings. early 80's NWOBHM music usually talked about riding motorcycles, had harmonies, and were very melodic.

Glam Metal
Glam metal, also known as hair metal, often employs hedonistic lyrics that focus on sex, alcohol, and drugs. Many of the first wave bands also had some songs related to the occult. Musically, glam metal songs often feature distorted guitar riffs, shred guitar solos, anthemic choruses, large amounts of stadium-style reverb on all tracks, hard hitting drumming, and complementary bass. Glam metal is often frowned upon by fans of other genres of metal as being too influenced by pop music. Nevertheless, the influences of glam metal vary from band to band and the era in which they played. Examples of glam metal bands include Mötley Crüe, Ratt, Lita Ford, Poison, Bon Jovi and Quiet Riot. Glam metal is often associated with the 1980s due to its popularity during that time, so much so that it can also be referred to as "80's metal." However, glam metal was not exclusive to this decade for it has been extant, albeit with changed popularity, since the late 1970s.

Thrash Metal
Thrash metal (a combination of hardcore punk and speed metal) is a heavy metal derivative, played at high speed and aggression. It is characterized by use of pedal notes and speed-picking or strumming of these or power chords based on these roots. Thrash came when scene kids in the bay area wanted to feel big, and combined British hardcore punk rock and New Wave British heavy metal. Thrash metal originated from the Bay Area of California, with bands such as Metallica and Exodus, from L.A., Slayer & Megadeth, and from New York, Anthrax, pioneering the sound. Metallica, Megadeth, Anthrax and Slayer are often referred to as the "Big Four" of thrash metal. Other early bands include Exodus, Testament, Overkill, etc. Other honorable mentions include Kreator, Sodom and Destruction, who are sometimes referred to as "The Unholy Trinity" of German thrash metal. The thrash metal band Possessed is known to pioneer the death metal genre. Examples of thrash metal classics are, Anthrax's "Caught In A Mosh", Megadeth's "Holy Wars... The Punishment Due", Metallica's "Master of Puppets", and Slayer's "Raining Blood". Many thrash bands like Destruction, Vio-lence, Kreator, Death Angel, Dark Angel, Megadeth, or Testament had a more technical side to their music. Testament's lead guitar work was influenced by jazz, Destruction's and Megadeth's by classical music. Most thrash songs use methods like palm muting, fast paced tremolo picking, fast double bass blast beats, minor scales, blues scales, or tapping. Thrash was mostly influenced by hardcore punk, and some thrash bands like DRI, Suicidal Tendencies and Municipal Waste have added a little more punk influence and created Crossover Thrash. The riffs are very fast, solos a little short and simplistic, fast paced shouting, and most songs are in either e minor or d minor.

Death Metal
Death metal is noted as being an "extreme" subsidiary of thrash metal. Drums and down-tuned, distorted guitars playing fast, intricate, almost unintelligible rhythms, and "growled" vocals all contribute to the intense power of the style. The lyrical content usually deals with the darker, nihilistic side of human imagination, with subjects such as death, gore, and the occult. However, death metal is not limited to conventional dark subject matter. It can also range out to philosophy (like later-era Death), mythology (such as the band Nile), and politics. Death metal is often distinguished by the American and European types. Melodic Death metal is known for its harmonies and unique groove melodies. Technical/melodic metal uses a lot of pinch harmonics.Even with these harmonies it still retains heavy aggression and intensity. This brand of death metal was made popular by bands like At The Gates, In Flames, Carcass, Eucharist, and Dark Tranquility. To some extent, the Finnish metal band Children of Bodom has many of the attributes of this genre. Technical death metal is a complicated brand of the genre. These bands are just as aggressive as their other metal counterparts. They are distinguished by odd rhythms and melodies, as well as complex time signatures and complicated structuring. Bands of this genre include Suffocation, Decapitated and Atheist. Popular technical death metal band Necrophagist incorporates classical music into their playing. Deathcore is a fusion of death metal and hardcore that is much harsher variation and an offshoot of Metalcore, often dealing with typical death metal gore topics. Their playing is often down-tuned and either incredibly fast or slow and jagged. It tends to focus very much on breakdowns and tends to use less melodic tendencies. Popular bands: Suicide Silence and Whitechapel. Deathcore, like Metalcore, is usually debated whether or not it is a legitimate metal genre.

Melodic Death Metal
Melodic death metal is a form of death metal that originated in the early 1990's. Usually it is played within 4/4 but can vary between 3/4 and 3/8. Jazz theory and classical theory is usually used to write and structure the music. Solos are common and lead licks are often harmonised with thirds or fifths. Melodic death metal is a mix of the genres death metal and power metal with an occasional elements of NWOBHM (New Wave Of British Heavy metal) and even Black Metal. The vocals are usually screamed with falsechords but can also be trebled and often have choirs or orchestras like Symphonic metal. Some bands include Children of Bodom, Amon Amarth, Dethklok, In Flames, At the Gates, Norther,and Kalmah. The Australian melodic death metal band Before Nightfall have a very iconic melodic death metal sound. In their song "Blood for Two" the low growling guitar mixed with the piercing melodies and harmonies makes the know sound of melodic death metal. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TADNfiwq_ns The lyrics are about themes ranging from death to fantasy, to feelings and self struggle. Often there is classical fingered sections in the song at the start mid or end. It is often played with down tuned guitars similar to death metal, tunings range from drop D, drop A#, and D standard, and many others including Standard Tuning, Scales used range from harmonic minor to the pentatonic minor or Blues Scale. Apart from the classic band setup that includes a lead guitarist a rhythm guitarist a drummer and a bassist, melodic death metal includes very often a synthesizer or keyboard, for many different effects, from a grand piano to Children of Bodom's Janne Wirman's sound which was created by Jens Johansson.

Black metal
Black metal is known for its cold atmosphere and its often pagan or satanic imagery. Early innovators of Black Metal included Hellhammer/Celtic Frost and Bathory, whose style was expanded upon by the Norwegian Black Metal scene, pioneered by such bands as Mayhem, Darkthrone, Emperor, and Burzum. Black metal's vocals are usually either performed as guttural rasps or as harsh shrieks. Melodies are typically heavily tremolo picked, such as the guitar work on Dissection's "Where Dead Angels Lie", or include power chords. Black metal bands tend to be divided into the more primitive, low-fi bands such as Darkthrone, and the more refined bands that use electronic synthesizers such as Emperor. Many of modern black metal songs are in the key of D minor. In black metal's early years (1982-1987), there were two ways to play black metal. The one way was to take punk rock riffs, combine them with the rasp vocals, and make the riffs darker, heavier, and faster. The other way was to take thrash, add deeper, darker vocals and create a colder atmosphere.

Doom Metal
Doom Metal, inspired mainly by Black Sabbath, has many offshoots with varying sounds. The "traditional" side include the bands Saint Vitus, Pentagram, and Trouble who differ little from the template set by Black Sabbath. Bands such as Sleep and Electric Wizard are considered the "Stoner" side that is expanding upon the ideas set forth by Black Sabbath and have a very heavy, slow, psychedelic tint. The other side of the spectrum includes "the Peaceville three" such as My Dying Bride, Paradise Lost, and Anathema, who play a more gothic, depressive style. Doom Metal consists of down-tuned guitars and has a slow, heavy sound with both picked and slap bass with hard rock drum beats, sometimes with two bass drums. The vocals consist of imaginations of the dark side of human beings or drugs. The vocal tone can either be trebled or growled, reaching high and deep vocal patterns quickly throughout the song. Doom metal bands like Heaven and Hell, Sleep, Trouble, Electric Wizard, Black Sabbath, Witch Finder, and Acid Witch usually play their songs in either the blues scale, pentatonic scale, e flat minor, c and c sharp minor, or f minor. The tempos are usually somewhere around 60bpm.

Neoclassical metal
Neoclassical metal is a subgenre of heavy metal that is heavily influenced by classical music and usually features very technical playing, consisting of elements borrowed from both classical and heavy metal music. Deep Purple pioneered the sub-genre with the famous Concerto for Group and Orchestra composed by Jon Lord. Later, Yngwie Malmsteen became the most notable musician in the sub-genre, and contributed greatly to the development of the style in the 1980s.[1][Note 2] Other notable players in the genre are Jason Becker, Tony MacAlpine, Vinnie Moore, and Timo Tolkki

Power Metal
Power metal is one of the most melodic forms of metal. It originated in the United States and Europe, largely growing in two separate but related types: American or traditional power metal and European or melodic power metal. Both brands contain very high tempos and melodic harmonies. Clean vocalists are the most common within the sub-genre but power metal bands with backup or even lead harsh vocalists are not uncommon. Traditional power metal evolved as a direct successor of NWOBHM, traditional heavy metal and speed metal with a larger emphasis on aggression and speed than its European counterpart. Bands like Jag Panzer, Manowar, Virgin Steele and Omen are examples of traditional power metal. On the other hand, European power metal has a larger emphasis on an epic atmosphere, better production values and an often less aggressive style. The extensive use of keyboards, in order to accentuate the atmosphere or to produce a symphonic sound is also very common. Examples of melodic power metal bands include Rhapsody of Fire, Avantasia/Edguy, later Blind Guardian, Stratovarius, Sonata Arctica, Dragonforce, Lost Horizon, etc.

Progressive Metal
Progressive Metal is a genre of metal often linked to music of technical expertise. The term 'progressive' is widely debated as to what defines it. A common understanding is that progressive metal often changes tempo, time signature, key signature, and over all styles within one song. A few key examples of progressive metal are the bands Between The Buried and Me, Protest The Hero, Sikth, Mudvayne, The Human Abstract, Dream Theater, Opeth, Tool, Nevermore, Symphony X, Ayreon, Pain of Salvation, Mastodon, Meshuggah, and The Faceless.

Symphonic Metal
As the name suggests, symphonic metal attempts to give a classical feel to metal, either by using a symphony orchestra in tandem with the standard instrumentation of metal, or by using electronic keyboards to simulate symphonic textures such as strings and brass. The Finnish band Nightwish is an example of this style.

Slam
Slam is a form of Extreme Metal that mixes Elements of Deathcore, Southern Metal, and Pornogrind; such as heavy use of the "Deathcore" breakdown, southern rock/metal riffs, and pitch shifted pig squeals (typical of pornogrind), Tunnel throat screaming (be it any other type of scream mixed in), and pornogrinds tendency for lyrical misogyny though not all bands use said forms of lyrics. Bands include I Killed Everyone, Waking The Cadaver, Abominable Putridity, Short Bus Pile Up, and Extermination dismemberment.

Folk Metal
Folk metal made its way in a lot of the Scandinavian countries, mainly in Finland by Korpiklaani ("Forest Clan") and Finntroll, which has more of a polka-ish feel to them. The instruments consist of classic instruments such as fiddle, accordion, acoustic guitar, and mandolin. and mixed with new style of instruments such as guitar wailing and the drums and a fast beat sometimes substituted with congas. but the instruments play with the same way thrash metal does making it sound great with the vocals mostly having yellin European accent. Example: Skyforger, Eluveitie. Many Folk metal songs are written in the key of D major.

Gothic Metal
Gothic metal is characterized by darker modes and arpeggios such as aeolian, phrygian and locrian modes to contribute a heavy, bassy sound and a very somber, dark feel to the music. Modern bands also apply the usage of drum machines and Electric Keyboards. Strong classical influences are often evident in string arrangements and piano parts. An example of a Gothic metal act would be Lacuna Coil.

Industrial Metal
Industrial metal fuses the cold, mechanical, electronic sound of industrial music with the amplified guitars of metal. It is not as simple as that, however, as there is a continuum of music ranging from merely industrial with distorted guitars to full-on heavy metal with synthetic-sounding drums and heavy electronics use. Industrial metal that veers toward the metallic side is often called "cyber metal", and the latter sub-genre includes such bands as Strapping Young Lad and Fear Factory. More "pure" industrial metal bands would include Godflesh, Rammstein, KMFDM, Ministry, and Samael's later outputs. As industrial music often has a political bent, so too does industrial metal, though perhaps a more militant one.

Groove metal
Groove metal started in 1990 with bands like Pantera, Exhorder and Sepultura, it featured down-tuned guitars, burly and strong, heavy, muscular beats, heavy and usually angry vocals, groovy-like but very aggressive riffs and groove-heavy like bass lines and strong drums with a pure power that heavy metal must have. Other bands considered groove metal include Machine Head, Prong, Fear Factory, Chimaira and Lamb of God.

Nu-metal
Nu-metal combines metal and rock with funk, industrial or/and hip-hop. A nu-metal group have guitars and bass are usually downtuned, and extended range guitars/basses are often used. Funk drum-and-bass grooves are common, and the vocal are a combination of harsh with clean vocals. Examples of nu-metal groups may or may not include KoRn, Coal Chamber, Slipknot and Deftones. However, due to the bad reputation that the genre has, many artists debate that they are indeed not allied to the style. Moreover, it is usually shunned by many Metalheads and is arguable whether or not it is a legitimate Metal genre.

Metalcore
Metalcore combines extreme metal elements with the musical aspects of hardcore punk. Usually metalcore songs have breakdowns, heavy riffs deviating from the melodic death metal style of riffing, and lots of screaming. Some metalcore bands like Killswitch Engage, All That Remains and Trivium involve clean singing in their songs. The original metalcore bands began in the 1990s with bands like Earth Crisis and Converge who were all involved in the hardcore scene. In the 2000s, metalcore became popular with bands like Avenged Sevenfold, Bullet for My Valentine and As I Lay Dying.

Deathcore
Deathcore combines death metal with metalcore and grindcore. Deathcore bands usually have breakdowns heard in metalcore, death metal growling and grindcores shrieking highs, heavy riffs inspired by death metal or metalcore or grindcore and sometimes pig squealing typical of grindcore sub-sub genres such as goregrind and pornogrind. Some deathcore bands include Whitechapel, Suicide Silence, Chelsea Grin and Upon a Burning Body.

Mathcore
Mathcore combines math rock with metalcore. It usually has odd time signatures, technical guitar playing and breakdowns. The Dillinger Escape Plan and Protest the Hero.

Nintendocore
Nintedocore combines classic video game songs, with metal influence, generally with a bass, drum kit, and a synthesizer instead of a guitar.

Musical style
The genre of metal is immensely varied. However, there are many common theoretical traits that appear in almost all metal music, regardless of sub-genre.

Mood
Most metal songs will express only one mood for the duration of the song; sometimes maybe two or three (often corresponding to "verse-bridge-chorus" structure). However, the more "progressive" metal acts (of which the numbers are steadily climbing) often write epic mood pieces that display an impressive evolution of musical moods, reflecting the lyrics, which often revolve around very complex emotional subjects.

The overall mood, whether it be "sad" or "angry", is most often too complex to be judged by the cover. Whilst it is considered "angry" and "evil" by many, the music runs far deeper.

Rhythm
Metal is a highly rhythmic style of music, even by modern standards. The drums are of cardinal importance; and often, the guitars will often repeat only one or two chords, emphasizing the strumming rhythm rather than the harmonies.

Simple metal usually sticks to 4/4 time signatures (and sometimes 6/8 or 3/4), although it may be played at very high speeds. A number of groups maintain the simple 4/4 beat in the drums while employing intricate syncopations around the beat. More technical groups make extensive use of compound metres, and even irregular time signatures such as 7/8 and 5/4; the rhythm is often further complicated by frequent time changes. The song Jambi by Tool is an excellent example of the complex rhythms sometimes exhibited in metal.

There are also songs with uneven metres such as Metallica's Master of Puppets where the main verse riff follows the pattern 4/4, 4/4, 4/4, 21/32 repeatedly.

Melody
Metal can sometimes be one of the most melodic styles of popular music; and conversely, it is often completely devoid of melody.

Sometimes, metal singers "growl" to the accompaniment of one- or two-chord progressions and a highly prominent, driving drum beat. The guitar(s) and bass play the rhythmic pattern ("riff") in unison; and the growl is non melodic. Since the music has no obvious melody, the listener's attention is drawn to the powerful rhythm. Short guitar melodies (often referred to as "licks") may be played in between vocal phrases, almost in imitation of the call-and-response style of jazz and blues.

However, it is also common for metal acts - especially in such genres as symphonic and "power" metal - to play "epic"-sounding chord progressions that can sometimes almost rival the complexity of Baroque-era art music. In such instances, either the vocalist or the lead guitarist may carry the melody; sometimes both do, in tandem. However, the music remains almost strictly homophonic.

Metal melodies are more often than not in minor keys. Very often, scales with a minor 2nd or (b2) are used to create a tense, dissonant feel. Because of this choice of scales - and also because of the similarity of the guitar to many folk instruments of the Middle East and upper Africa - a large number of metal acts incorporate strong influences from these folk styles in their music. Often, this takes the form of "Persian or Arabic"-sounding scales such as the Phrygian Dominant. The melody-dominated homophonic nature of metal assists this assimilation. Perhaps the most popular example of such music is System Of A Down - the members of this band are all Armenian-American, and make frequent use of Armenian and Turkish folk instruments and melodic patterns alongside their distorted guitar riffs.

Dynamics
The dynamics of metal is perhaps the stylistic aspect that differs most between its sub-genres. However, for the most part, the genre uses terraced dynamics - in an uncannily similar situation to that of Baroque art music, the main instrument of the genre (harpsichord for Baroque music, and distorted electric guitar for metal) is limited in its dynamic capabilities; and thus the whole band reverts to only a few different volume levels. This is not to say that these volume levels are limited in range, but merely that they are limited in number; a band may play at just a few different volumes, but these volumes can differ widely from each other. Many, if not most metal bands make dynamics a significant aspect of their music, often immediately following a quiet, subdued section with a very loud one, or vice versa.

Texture
The textures of heavy metal are distorted and thick. The instruments often play across all frequency ranges: the drummer plays the deep bass drum alongside high-pitched cymbals; the rhythm guitar and bass play low, guttural rhythms; and the lead guitar plays in the extreme high registers, making frequent use of pinch harmonics.

Metal can be said to be largely texture-based; often, the rhythm guitar will repeat the same riff over and over again, while other instruments appear and disappear to cause gradual shifts in the overall feel.

Harmony
Typically, metal makes frequent use of parallel 5th chords - "power chords", consisting of the root note, the fifth of the chord, and the root note again one octave up. The power chord on a distorted electric guitar has immense power. Thus metal guitarists often tune their guitars so that the lowest three strings form a power chord (usually DAD); whereby they can play fast, heavy riffs using only one finger to stop all the strings in the necessary position for a power chord anywhere on the neck. Because the rhythm guitar often follows the melody, it can be said that much metal is harmonized in perfect fifths; however, the presence of the fifth is a feature of texture rather than harmony. As metal progresses some bands are still looking for a thicker sound with more punch. The adoption of 4th chord voicing is more commonplace these days than in the 1980s and 1990s. Though some thrash bands such as Slayer would use them occasionally for color, you can hear them quite frequently in death metal bands. Another interval used to create tension in metal is called the Tritone (an augmented 4th or diminished 5th). At one time certain clerics in the Catholic Church banned and restricted this interval, and it was called the "Devil's Interval". The first riff in Black Sabbath's self titled album outlines this interval. Often, lead passages and vocal lines are harmonized in thirds, frequently in the minor scale.

The minor seven is also an important interval in metal harmony. Hammer-on or pull-off riffs, up or down from the octave to the flat 7, are widely used. Since the flat 7 is a blue note, metal harmony shares core elements with the Blues. Metal's extensive use of the tritone reinforces the connection. The result can be an implied dominant 7 chord, a gateway to modulation.

Words
The lyrics of heavy metal range from the sublime to the ridiculous; however, due to the genre's "dark" feel, the words more often than not concern themselves with violence, hatred, anger and sadness. The words and music are often composed well together, in that the music reflects the singer's feelings. Other genres of metal (such as power metal) are often based around epic fantasies, great battles, or the joy of life.

Instrumentation
Metal instrumentation commonly consists of one or two distorted electric guitar, electric bass, drum kit, and vocals. With some more fantasy based bands keyboards and synthesizers have become very common. Also, many symphonic bands use an entire orchestra for many songs or even entire albums.

Guitars are sometimes tuned to lower than the usual E standard tuning, to provide a deeper, heavier sound. Some acts use guitars with additional lower strings, either to facilitate the playing of fast lead passages, or to allow playing even lower than is possible with a detuned six-string. Some even combine these techniques. Seven-string guitars tuned to drop A are not uncommon. Also, the use of large tube amplifiers with multiple big (usually 12") speakers, along with heavy distortion pedals, assists in creating the signature metal sound. The naturally darker-sounding "humbucker"-type pickups are preferred.

Basses are more often than not of the 5-string variety, to allow lower playing. These instruments are also often detuned. The bass, however, is not often distorted - perhaps this is to preserve the low end of the frequency spectrum (which is often lost when distorting a bass with a conventional guitar distortion pedal). To keep up with the fast guitars, metal bassists often play with a plectrum.

Drummers make use of big bass drums, big snares and big cymbals. Brushes and subtle snare work are eschewed in favor of playing fast and loud. The use of two bass drums, or two pedals beating the same bass drum, is commonplace - this helps to play the pounding bass drum rhythms that carry and move the music.

Musicians of Metal, are often known for their virtuoso playing and are often praised for their talent. They often blend metal with other genres, and even combining certain types of metal with other types. Speed is a common attribute for metal performers. However things like complexity and diversity also make metal musicians stand out.

Growling/Screaming
A major element of some heavy metal and other similar genres, such as grindcore or hardcore punk, that makes them different from other types of music is screaming. Lots of times, in metal, instead of only singing, a vocalist may scream. Because heavy metal's mood is darker than other genres of music, screaming complements the music well. It is demanding, yet guttural. This means it differs from the way one screams when frightened or startled.

There are different types of screaming in metal:

 * Growl: Growling often sounds beast-like and almost indiscernible. This most often exists in death metal music.
 * Pig squeal: Pig squealing is also used primarily in death metal sub genres such as brutal death metal slam death metal and it is very rare in deathcore. It sounds very breathy and high pitched, close to a pig squeal.
 * "Grim" or "Kvlt" scream: The high pitched, wailing growl used in black metal music. Can give the impression of a banshee or a howling wolf.
 * Hardcore screaming: Hardcore punk influenced screamed vocals, which focus more on "standard" screaming rather than the advanced techniques of growling. Common in punk/metal crossover.
 * Shouted vocals: Cleaner vocals but with an aggressive edge to it, aggression can vary from just slight to all out shouted vocals. Common in thrash metal music.
 * Tunnel Throat Screaming: A extremely distorted scream that is used to make High shrieks, Grim/kvlt and Growl screams sound more demonic, guttural and dirty. Achieved by placing the tongue against the back of the front teeth to create a air bubble under the tongue. Can be achieved in other ways. See bands "Infant Annihilator" and "Cattle Decapitation".

title: Music Theory/Metal


text: User talk:207.72.176.28

title: User talk:207.72.176.28


text:
Radiation Oncology/Germ cell

Germ Cell Tumors

Overview

 * Germ cells originate in the yolk sac endoderm
 * During embryonal development, they migrate around the hindgut to the urogenital ridge
 * Germ cell tumors arise either after normal migration (in testes or ovaries) or after abnormal migration in midline structures (e.g. CNS, mediastinum, retroperitoneum)
 * Degree of differentiation determines the histologic type
 * Suppressed differentiation: Germinoma (germinoma/seminoma/dysgerminoma)
 * Differentiation: Non-Germinomatous Germ Cell Tumors (NGGCT/NSGCT/Nondysgerminoma)
 * Embryonic differentiation:
 * Embryonal Carcinoma
 * Teratoma: Mature or Immature
 * Extra-embryonic differentiation
 * Choriocarcinoma
 * Yolk Sac Tumor (Endodermal Sinus Tumor)
 * Mixed Germ Cell tumors
 * Germ cell tumors have the same morphologic and histologic appearance regardless of whether they originate in the gonads or in extra-gonadal sites
 * Serum half-life:
 * bHCG: 1-1.5 days
 * AFP: 5-7 days

Chapters

 * Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
 * Seminoma
 * Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumors
 * Ovarian GCTs
 * Dysgerminoma
 * Nondysgerminomas
 * CNS Germ Cell Tumors
 * CNS Germinoma
 * CNS Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumors
 * Sacrococcygeal Germ Cell Tumors
 * Mediastinum
 * See: Extragonadal germ cell tumors
 * Seminomas
 * Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumors

Official Guidelines

 * Germ Cell Tumors: Official Guidelines

title: Radiation Oncology/Germ cell


text:
Radiation Oncology/CNS/Germinoma

CNS Germinoma

Overview

 * Rare primary CNS tumor, 3-5% of childhood brain tumors
 * Typical age at presentation is early teens
 * Mainly located in midline structures, suprasellar region or pineal gland, also basal ganglia and hypothalamus
 * Can be M+ in as much as 24% histologically verified cases; Disease outside of CSF is very rare
 * Bifocal germinomas (synchronous suprasellar and pineal tumors) regarded as M+ in USA but M0 in Europe
 * Natural spread believed to be along subependymal lining of 3rd and 4th ventricles, leading to intraventricular relapse before spinal dissemination
 * Very sensitive to both radiation and chemotherapy

Treatment

 * Treatment of M0 disease is somewhat controversial. Historically craniospinal RT was the gold standard, but with local control >99% and 10-year survival rates >90%, limiting side-effects is essential.
 * There is now a movement toward WBRT, and further to tumor + ventricles only. Isolated spinal relapse appears comparable between CSI and whole-brain RT or whole-ventricular RT with neoadjuvant chemo
 * Focal RT of primary tumor alone appears associated with significantly higher overall and isolated spinal relapse
 * M+ disease continues to be treated with CSI
 * Attempts at treatment with chemotherapy alone have resulted in ~50% relapses and ~10% treatment-related mortality; which is much worse than RT alone. This is currently not recommended
 * Current RT approach (1/11, PMID 20452141):
 * Whole ventricular volume: 3rd, 4th, lateral, prepontine cistern
 * Involved field volume: pre-chemotherapy volume + clinical margin 1-1.5 cm
 * Dose to primary disease is typically 40-45 Gy, and to subclinical disease 20-24 Gy

 * Review PMID 15992700 -- "Radiotherapy of localised intracranial germinoma: time to sever historical ties?" (Rogers SJ, Lancet Oncol. 2005 Jul;6(7):509-19.)
 * Reviewed 20 studies since 1988. 788 patients. 66% cases histologically confirmed, 12/20 series 100% confirmation. Median F/U 6.4 years
 * CSI: local control 99.7%; relapses 3.8% but half of them outside CS axis; isolated spinal relapse 1%
 * WBRT or Whole-ventricular RT+boost: both comparable. local control 97%; relapses 8%; isolated spinal relapse 3%
 * Focal: local control 93%; relapses 23%; isolated spinal relapses 11%
 * Conclusion: Whole-ventricular RT + boost should replace craniospinal RT in completely staged localized intracranial germinomas

Treatment of relapses: Chemotherapy.

Studies

 * Seoul; 2008 (1981-2003) PMID 18514777 -- "Upfront chemotherapy and involved-field radiotherapy results in more relapses than extended radiotherapy for intracranial germinomas: modification in radiotherapy volume might be needed." (Eom KY, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Jul 1;71(3):667-71.)
 * Retrospective. 81 patients with tissue-confirmed intracranial germinoma. 39 RT only (all CSI), 42 chemo-RT (size depended on tumor extent, ranging from tumor only to CSI). Median F/U 5.7 years
 * Outcome: 5-year OS RT 100% vs. chemo-RT 93%; 5-year RFS RT 100% vs. 88% (SS). 4 relapses in chemo-RT group (3 in brain and 1 in spine)
 * Toxicity: same proportion return to school (NS), hormonal therapy RT 69% vs. chemo-RT 38%
 * Conclusion: Better quality of life in chemo-RT but worse relapse compared with RT alone. Primary tumor RT not sufficient, suggest at least inclusion of ventricles

 * POG 9530 (1997-1999) -- response-based RT
 * Phase II. 12 germinoma patients (and 14 NGGCT patients and/or elevated AFP/bHCG - not further discussed here). Age >3 years. 5 resected, 7 bx. Germinoma treated with cisplatin/etoposide and vincristine/cyclophosphamide x4 cycles. If CR, primary site RT 30.6 Gy; if PR primary site RT 50.4 Gy with 2cm margin (3D-CRT) or 0.5cm margin (SRT). If disseminated disease and CR, CSI 30.6 Gy; if PR CSI 36 Gy
 * 2007 PMID 16598761 -- "Pre-radiation chemotherapy with response-based radiation therapy in children with central nervous system germ cell tumors: a report from the Children's Oncology Group." (Kretschmar C, Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007 Mar;48(3):285-91.)
 * Outcome: 11/12 progression-free at median 5.5 years, 1/12 refused RT, failed at 10 months, RT salvage, progression-free at 4.8 years
 * Conclusion: Response (91%) and survival encouraging

 * Toronto; 2006 (1995-2004) PMID 16530340 -- "Limited-field radiation for bifocal germinoma." (Lafay-Cousin L, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2006 Jun 1;65(2):486-92.)
 * Retrospective. 6 patients with bifocal germinoma (pineal + suprasellar). All with diabetes insipidus at presentation. Treated with chemo followed by limited-field RT (whole ventricle 24-40 Gy +/- boost). Median F/U 4 years
 * Outcome: 100% complete remission
 * Conclusion: Bifocal germinoma can be considered locoregional rather than metastatic disease

 * MAKEI 83/86/89, 1983-93 (German) - MAKEI = Maligue Keimzelltümoren (malignant germ cell tumors)
 * Prospective, non-randomized. Goal: dose reduction. 60 pts. Germinomas. Three trials: 83(pilot) and two successive trials. Biopsy only (no resection)
 * In MAKEI 83/86 (11 pts), RT to 36 Gy to craniospinal axis + 14 Gy boost to tumor (total 50 Gy, at 1.8-2 Gy/fx). In MAKEI 89 (49 pts), 30 Gy (CSI) + 15 Gy (total 34 Gy at 1.5 Gy/fx).
 * PMID 10561326, 1999 — "Radiation therapy for intracranial germinoma: results of the German cooperative prospective trials MAKEI 83/86/89." Bamberg M et al. J Clin Oncol. 1999 Aug;17(8):2585-92.
 * Mean f/u 59 mos. CR in all pts. 5-yr RFS 91%, OS 93%
 * Conclusion: dose reduction is feasible.

 * SIOP CNS GCT 96
 * CSI 24 Gy

 * MSKCC; 1996 PMID 8918487 -- "Chemotherapy without irradiation--a novel approach for newly diagnosed CNS germ cell tumors: results of an international cooperative trial. The First International Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor Study." (Balmaceda C, J Clin Oncol. 1996 Nov;14(11):2908-15.)
 * Prospective. 68/71 patients (45 germinoma, 26 NGGCTs). Chemo carboplatin, etoposide, bleomycin x4 cycles. If CR, 2 more cycles. If PR, 2 more cycles intensified by cyclophosphamide.
 * Outcome: CR rate germinomas 86%, NGGCT 78%. 2-year OS germinoma 84%, NGGCT 62%
 * Toxicity: 7/71 patients (10%)
 * Conclusion: Chemo-only regimens should be used only in setting of clinical trials

 * Seoul; 1996 (Korea)(1980-1996) PMID 8850422 -- "Radiotherapy of intracranial germinomas." (Huh SJ, Radiother Oncol. 1996 Jan;38(1):19-23.)
 * Retrospective. 32 patients, confirmed intracranial germinomas (14 suprasellar, 12 basal/thalamus, 4 pineal, 2 multiple). CSI in 29 patients. RT tumor bed 54 Gy, whole-brain 36 Gy, spinal axis 24 Gy
 * Outcome: 5-year OS 97%, 10-year OS 97%; 1 death with persistent tumor 2 months after RT; no intracranial or spinal recurrence
 * Toxicity: 1 severe intellectual deterioration, 3 vertebral growth impairment
 * Conclusion: Excellent result with RT alone

Proton Therapy

 * Harvard; 2010 (1998-2007) PMID 20452141 -- "Proton Radiotherapy for Pediatric Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors: Early Clinical Outcomes." (Macdonald SM, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 May 6. [Epub ahead of print])
 * Retrospective. 22 patients, CNS germ cell tumors, treated with 3D PT. Patients also replanned with IMRT and IMPT. Median F/U 2.3 years
 * Outcome: Local control 100%, no CNS recurrences, PFS 95%, OS 100%
 * Treatment planning: Comparable CTV coverage with IMRT, 3D-CPT, and IMPT. Substantial normal tissue sparing with either PT over IMRT. IMPT may yield additional brain and temporal lobe sparing
 * Conclusion: Preliminary disease control favorable; superior dose-distribution compared to IMRT

title: Radiation Oncology/CNS/Germinoma


text:
User:Neon19

Greetings from Neon19!
Hello!

Discoveries of Neon19
Special underlined text : text goes here.

title: User:Neon19


text:
User talk:Joshua2904

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. -- Herby talk thyme 10:24, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

-- Herby talk thyme 10:24, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joshua2904


text:
User talk:194.7.161.130

-- Herby talk thyme 11:47, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:194.7.161.130


text:
Talk:Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Deathly Hallows/Epilogue

what if someone (ie, a 12 year old) continued the series but didn't regard the extra information that J.K.Rowling gave in post-book interviews? I know this to be true, two twelve year old authors (have previously had stories published) and wrote the eighth harry potter book which is over two hundred pages long. The twelve year olds wrote it entirely from the children's (James, Lily and Albus) point of view, and developed the characters' personalities. There are a few deaths, and weddings... it is an amusing story to read, especially taking into account the lack of knowledge about further occupations of Harry, Ron, Hermione and other main characters. These twelve year olds do not intend to infringe copyright, and have thoroughly enjoyed writing it: writing has become a hobby of theirs. Kind regards.

 * There are no limits on what fans can write ("fanfic"); however, such writings would not be part of canon and so would not be suitable for discussion in this particular location. There are a number of fan sites, my personal preference is Mugglenet, where that sort of thing can be published. Chazz (talk) 01:16, 8 November 2007 (UTC)

Just as a reminder: What is canon
We have noted on the project standards page that not everything that claims to be Potter belongs in this work. Specifically, we are limiting the scope of this work to those items directly written by J. K. Rowling in the Potter universe: the seven books, plus the three books written for charity, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them (the book, not the film), Quidditch Through the Ages, and Tales of Beedle the Bard; and to a limited extent, the Pottermore website.

Specifically: A recent edit of the Epilogue page used material from the stage play Harry Potter and the Cursed Child. We note that this is not canon because it is not written by J. K. Rowling and so does not reflect her world view or writing abilities.


text:
Wikijunior:World War II/D-Day

The D-Day landings took place on June 6, 1944. It was the largest invasion by sea in history. The code name for this operation was "Overlord". The forces were sent across the English Channel from the south of England, mainly Portsmouth, to Normandy in a mighty fleet of over 8,000 ships. Normandy is located in the northwest corner of France. The overall commander of the Allied forces was the US General Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was later President Eisenhower. The land force commander was the British General Bernard Montgomery, popularly known as "Monty".

There were 156,000 men mainly from three countries, the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. The objective was to storm the German defenses on five beaches and eventually to drive the Germans out of France, and establish a second front to attack Germany itself. The beaches were codenamed Gold, Sword, Juno, Utah and Omaha. The Canadians were to take Juno beach, the Americans, Utah and Omaha and the British, Gold and Sword.

Just before the landings, massive numbers of paratroops were landed behind the German lines to try to disrupt communications and reinforcements when the beaches were attacked. There were three famous Airborne Divisions, the US 82nd Airborne, called the "All American", the US 101st Airborne called the "Screaming Eagles" and the 6th Airborne comprising Canadian and British paratroopers.

There was also a big effort from the French people themselves called the "French Resistance" which disrupted the Germans and blew up key facilities like German troop transport trains. The resistance were told in coded messages from the BBC when the invasion would start.

Paratroopers behind German lines

The success of the landings required that German reinforcement were delayed in getting to the beaches where the allied troops were coming ashore. Paratroops were placed behind German lines into order to seize key towns, roads, bridges, etc. The U.S. 82nd and 101st Airborne Divisions were placed west of Utah Beach and the British 6th Airborne Division near Sword beach. The 82nd occupied the town of Sainte-Mère-Église early in the morning of June 6, giving it the claim of the first town liberated in the invasion. This was featured in the film "The Longest Day".

The five beaches

The D-Day landings involved assaults on five key beaches by troops in landing crafts. The beaches and the Germans defending them were pounded by massive fire from all sorts of naval ships, including battleships. Most of the beaches were heavily fortified, and had large numbers of German troops defending them. Some had large fortifications with big guns and machine gun nests.

Sword
Sword beach was taken with relatively light losses. One of the main objectives was to capture the city Caen, but this was not achieved. The British linked up with the 6th Airborne Division inland soon after.

Juno
The Canadians were responsible for the storming of Juno beach. The beach was heavily defended by machine guns, larger artillery guns, pillboxes, concrete fortifications and a massive seawall. Juno beach was the second worst beach for men killed after Omaha. By the end of the day, 15,000 Canadian troops had landed. They had gone deeper into German territory than any other beach landing.

Gold
The Gold beach was strongly defended by the Germans and the British forces sustained heavy losses. The beach was an important objective because it was to be a primary harbor in which to deliver oil and supplies once for the allies.

Omaha
The Omaha beachhead was the most challenging beach of the five. American's boats quickly dumped their troops on the beach and troops encountered sprays of MG-42 (machine guns) and sniper fire while they were vulnerable on the open beach. Scenes in the movie "Saving Private Ryan" and "The Longest Day" recreate the event based on real war footage and testimony. Omaha beach was heavily fortified and defended by German troops on the highground. The first few landing crafts had all of the officers and sergeants killed or wounded. The men were virtually leaderless. The Americans eventually got a hold of the beach, with a loss of 1,200 troops.

They then had to take out the massive guns on top of a cliff overlooking the beach. The US 2nd Ranger battalion climbed the 100 feet high cliffs using ropes and ladders under heavy German fire. The battalion was successful in capturing the guns.

Utah
The Americans had little difficulty capturing Utah, The Germans didn't expect that the US would take Utah. The 101st Airborne Division had already taken key positions behind the beach. One-Star General Theodore Roosevelt Jr, the beach commander, and related to President Teddy Roosevelt (after whom teddy bears are named) stated "We will start the war from right here.".

Aftermath
After the beaches were secured, two large constructions were hauled across the English channel in order to tie up ships and deliver supplies for the armies' continued invasion into France. These facilities were called Mulberry harbors. By June 19, 1944, over 600,000 men, 100,000 vehicles and 200,000 tons of supplies were delivered to France, thanks to the Mulberry harbors.

The whole D-Day operation was mainly successful, although one of the main objectives, the city of Caen, was still in German hands. Caen underwent heavy bombing and the Canadians eventually captured it, but many Canadians and civilians died.

title: Wikijunior:World War II/D-Day


text:
Java Persistence/EclipseLink

EclipseLink is the open source Eclipse Persistence Services Project from the Eclipse Foundation. The product provides an extensible framework that allows Java developers to interact with various data services, including databases, XML, and Enterprise Information Systems (EIS). EclipseLink supports a number of persistence standards including the Java Persistence API (JPA), Java API for XML Binding (JAXB), Java Connector Architecture (JCA), and Service Data Objects (SDO).

EclipseLink is based on the TopLink product, which Oracle contributed the source code from to create the EclipseLink project. The original contribution was from TopLink's 11g code base, and the entire code-base/feature set was contributed, with only EJB 2 CMP and some minor Oracle AS specific integration removed. This differs from the TopLink Essentials Glassfish contribution, which did not include some key enterprise features. The package names were changed and some of the code was moved around.

The TopLink Mapping Workbench UI has also been contributed to the project.

EclipseLink is the intended path forward for persistence for Oracle and TopLink. It is intended that the next major release of Oracle TopLink will include EclipseLink as well as the next major release of Oracle AS.

EclipseLink supports usage in an OSGi environment.

EclipseLink was announced to be the JPA 2.0 reference implementation, and announced to be the JPA provider for Glassfish v3.

 * EclipseLink Home
 * EclipseLink Newsgroup
 * EclipseLink Wiki

EclipseLink

title: Java Persistence/EclipseLink


text:
User talk:131.109.101.4

-- Herby talk thyme 14:42, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Blocked
Please contribute constructively when the block ends or the next one will be longer -- Herby talk thyme 14:53, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:131.109.101.4


text:
User:Jonathan matthews45

Hi my name is jonathan matthews i am 17 i go to scott county high schoool in scott county tennessee

title: User:Jonathan matthews45


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...c5

1...c5 - Old Benoni Defence/ Benoni Defense
The Old Benoni Defense is quite rare and uncommon nowadays but can actually lead to a tactical and sharp game. Black takes a swipe with c5 and gambits a pawn for the exchange, develops, and gets pieces into the game. White normally responds with d5; taking the pawn is not recommended because of 2...e6, and if White tries defending, then a5 and White has no solutions to hold on to pawns while Black gains a tempo. This opening is quite rare nowadays. One idea for Black is to transpose to a Modern Benoni while avoiding the Four Pawn Attack (that is, variations with an early f2-f4 for White). Black can fianchetto his King's Bishop, and only after White plays Nf3 blocking an f-pawn, continue with ... e6 and ... exd5.

Another idea for Black is to keep the h8-a1 diagonal of Black's bishop open by delaying ... Nf6. Black could then play ... Ne7 instead of ... Nf6, or possibly, if White plays an early Nc3, give up his bishop by ... Bc3 to double the pawns.

Theory table
.

1. d4 c5

title: Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...c5


text:
User talk:204.11.191.49

i need this page unblocked for a project for ceramics —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 204.11.191.49 (talk • contribs) 16:49, 25 Oct 2007  (UTC)

 * In practice it is an Open Proxy and as such you are not permitted to edit any Wikimedia Foundations sites through an open proxy. Conformation may be found here.  Thanks -- Herby  talk thyme 17:09, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:204.11.191.49


text:
User talk:Jenkinsm2

College Debt, A Combination Of Dangerous Lenders And Foolish Youth

College is more than just an expensive prospect, it’s more than a four year investment, in many ways college is one of the most dangerous times for young adults. Over the last few years the interest rates on college loans have sky rocketed, tuitions have risen and state as well as federal financial aid has dwindled. For many college students the reality of these situations does not kick in until graduation, which by then means it’s too late. This is the true danger of college, exploitation by private lenders and the ignorance of youth. Many students who attend college without finical aid rack up thousands of dollars in dept (many go over thirty thousand dollars). But this common information, which is supposed to scare students into action has not made a dent in the situation; on the contrary, it has promoted it. Many college students have accepted the fact that college is expensive and therefore they are ready to accept this debt as an unavoidable truth. I have heard countless students claim that their parents make too much money for financial aid but not enough to help with tuition. However, I have never witnessed a campus rally against rising interest rates on loans or rising tuition. Instead, I see easy to fill out loan forms from companies who have been caught bribing financial aid officers. My point is simple, the less proactive we are about education finances, the more students will accept college debt as an unfortunate compromise, which leads to more politicians who will look the other way as lenders put young workers into debt that will take decades to repay. While large protests and massive student involvement would no doubt create larger change, individual choice and effort, unfortunately, remain the best way to deal with our college education. Individual students have two very important tasks to perform when it comes to this finical issue. First is becoming proactive with your education and finding financially smart ways to fund college. This means spending time and energy. Researching everything from finding resources that will help fund your college career to budgeting plans to keep loan interest from getting enormous. This kind of research leads to the second task, creating awareness. If one student cares finds that they can save themselves thousands of dollars through finical planning or scholarship hunting, then I am sure that another student would like to know how. College students are some of the most impressionable individuals in the world; many young people go to college to find what they want to do with their lives. The more one proactive student shares their results, the more the students will shake off the illusion that college has to be a debt trap. Destroying this negative construct is the first and possibly most important step in taking control over your educational debt. Just remember, it doesn’t take a genius to intelligently finance college, but it does take a fool to passively accept thousands of dollars at 6.8 percent interest.

College finance resources: http://www.fastweb.com http://www.ed.gov/students/college/aid/edpicks.jhtml?src=ln http://www.salliemae.com/before_college/students_plan/ways_to_pay/reducing/reducing.htm

title: User talk:Jenkinsm2


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User talk:Justapacking

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.– Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:25, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Justapacking


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User:Jaipaldatta

Jaipal Singh Datta
Jaipal Singh Datta is Head Brewer in Mohan Meakin Ltd, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India , Pin Code 201007. He passed his Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering from Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, Punjab University in 1969 and Diplom-Ingenieur in Lebensmitteltechnologie vertiefungsfachrichtung Brauerei in 1974 from Technical University, West Berlin, VLB, Germany.He joined Mohan Meakin Ltd, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, as Technical Officer and did research in Hop Cultivation and Utilization in Brewing Industry from 1974 to 1978.He has also published papers on "Hop Cultivation in India " and "Hop Utilization in Brewing" in CSIR publication 1976, symposium at Regional Research Laboratory, Jammu. Since 1974 he is serving Beer Industry.He revived sick brewery known as " Artos Breweries Limited ". He worked with "Shaw Wallace & Co Ltd", "Skol Breweries Ltd", "Som Breweries and Distilleries Limited" and "Himneel Breweries ltd". He is ready to provide consultancy in Process Engineering and Brewing Technology. He has also knowledge of Astrology. You can get your life readings. He was interested to unite the world since childhood. His dream is soon achievable. Soon I shall be publishing books on Astrology, Process Engineering of Brewery ,Brewing Technology, Analysis on Global World. link title "--Jaipaldatta 17:04, 8 October 2007 (UTC)" I was interested to Unite the World. Read my Blog Why did I fail?[link title]
 * Read scientific analysis of Srimad Bhagwat Gita in URL:http://www.srimadbhagwatgeeta.com and my book
 * Astrology is a science. New scientific development and information technology shall prove that Astrology is a human science. Read Astrology in the following books Astrology Lessons and Astrology
 * Garuda Puran
 * I have worked in an organization. We managed by Human Values. Readlink titleJaipaldatta 10:54, 18 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I wrote books on Life after death, Srimad Bhagwat Geeta, Astrology. See www.Amazon.com Books

title: User:Jaipaldatta


text: User talk:207.210.133.202

title: User talk:207.210.133.202


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Talk:Java Programming/How to use this book

Copied from the module page
I copied the following from the module page since I think this belongs here :

"Throughout the time this WikiBook was being written, people managing the text came up with a decision to introduce a section in this book that clearly identifies the points-to-focus for various paradigms of approach taken by the readers. For instance, a developer trying to create applications for the web would rather not read through information about Swing (the Java GUI toolkit) but one who is programming for the desktop would.

The various learning approaches may include:

Java for noobs Slightly advanced Java concepts Extreme programming concepts in Java Programming on other platforms Retrieved from "http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Java_Programming/How_to_use_this_book" " Ervinn 18:56, 25 October 2007 (UTC)


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TI-Basic 89 Programming/Input

Input
Input, I/O(F3):3 is a command which will display a string and wait for the user to input a value. The value will then be stored into the specified variable once Enter is pressed. The behavior of this command changes depending on how many parameters are passed into it, as explained below.

InputStr
InputStr, I/O(F3):4 is much like input, but the values input into this command will always be a string (thus no quotation marks are needed).

Prompt
Prompt, I/O(F3):5 prompts the user to input a number of variables. While this can be used to input more than one variable with one command, it does not give you the flexibility to change what is displayed on screen.

Request
Request, I/O(F3):1:2 puts a pop-up box on the current screen and allows the user to input a string into it, and then stores that string into a variable. Request can be used as a stand-alone command or as part of a Dialog block (more on those later).

PopUp
PopUp, I/O(F3):1:3 displays a pop up window with a number of choices for the user to choose between (passed in as a list). Then, the number of the choice the user selects will be stored into the variable given.

Passing in Arguments
Passing in arguments is vital to functions, and can be helpful in programs as well. In order to get an argument to be passed in, it must be declared in the opening parenthesis of the program editor. Then, when calling the program (by typing  in the home screen), you put the declared arguments into the parenthesis, like so:. Note: for all of the following examples, the name of the function is "temp" (and it is a function).

Example: Temp
Let's say you call this program like so:. The following will appear on your home screen:

title: TI-Basic 89 Programming/Input


text: User talk:216.79.193.81

title: User talk:216.79.193.81


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Cookbook:Chew Bread

| American cuisine | Southern cuisine | Vegetarian cuisine | Holiday Recipes | Bread | Dessert

Chew bread is a type of bar cookie, typically containing nuts.

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C).
 * 2) Combine all ingredients except nuts, and mix well with an electric mixer.
 * 3) Add nuts, and stir in well.
 * 4) Pour into greased and floured 9x13-inch (23x33 cm) cake pan.
 * 5) Bake in preheated oven for 35–40 minutes.

title: Cookbook:Chew Bread


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User talk:Mike.lifeguard/Archive 6

Foundations Wikibook: blanking pages
Hello Mike,

I have blanked pages to erase the rating buttons. We have done this in the past to prevent students from rating an article that does not exist. All of our articles should have been posted by now, so this is usually when we take the buttons out. Would you like me to keep the category line? Sorry for the confusion! Jkauf007 19:34, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
 * No, there's no need to leave anything. In the future, instead of blanking the pages, simply add at the top of the page to alert an admin that the pages are to be deleted. You can also leave a note on an admin's talk page letting them know that the deletions are pending, so they'll get to it faster. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 21:18, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
 * When I'm back at the computer for longer, I'll go back over the pages you blanked and delete them. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 21:19, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

Re:Bots
I'm decently sure your AWB can do admin tasks (i'm not certain as I'm not very familiar with that program). There are other users who I know do have admin-scripts, and other admins that I suspect but who have never announced the fact publicly. Either way, it's not a bad thing. If the community doesnt want this, we will make a policy against it. Otherwise, I think it's perfectly fine. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 00:19, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
 * It can, but it's patchy at detecting admin status, and even when it detects it properly it doesn't work (mostly). I don't even know if they've figured out what the problem is. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 00:20, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

IPs
Trade secret (& actually nothing to do with CU) but you do have mail :) -- Herby talk thyme 17:54, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
 * spotting the edit on az's page and not having seen them for a bit, there is a sense in which they need blocking but I have no idea how up to date the lists are. The issue is that IP addresses can be quite a fluid thing as I'm sure you know -  that is why I now only block for a year.  The fact they were an open proxy/zombie does not mean that they still are (particularly zombies as they may be fixed).  Do you use Firefox?  If so Az (& I) both have some quite useful monobook stuff and I know AZ's contains some scripting for the OP list.  Let me know if you want - cheers -- Herby  talk thyme 13:14, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Well I don't really know how fresh "fresh" is, but if we just block for a bit less, I think it'd be a go. If we would have blocked for 1 year at the time they were discovered, then blocking for 8 months (or whatever) now is basically the same effect. You'll have to point out which part(s) of the .js are what I'm looking for. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 13:43, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I think I figured out the right part of your .js. The block link provided by has an expiry time of indefinite. If we just change the template, we (I; I shouldn't speak for you) could block the rest for 8 months(?) with an inordinate but not outrageous expenditure of time. Would that be kosher? (copied to your talk) – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 20:32, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Apologies Mike, been a bit busy. You seem to be ahead of me!  All I know is that if you click on "block" on IPs on that list it all gets filled in!  I guess my answer would be "try it", change the template to something else and try one.  A year doesn't bother me (& I think Derbeth is still doing 5 years) but longer seems a bit silly - things will change and they can always be blocked again.  I think I'll continue to pick up ones that are actually in use on the projects for now.

 * On monobook stuff feel free to look at the Jsimlo/shortcuts.js bit in mine. I find it so useful to have my own links (that I can never find) somewhere easy to get to.  Get back to me if you have queries. Cheers -- Herby  talk thyme 11:26, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Re: Page names
Mike, sorry for my negligence. I have marked these pages with delete|unneeded redirect tags so they can be deleted. Thanks! Circuit-fantasist 15:46, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I will do that now. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 17:53, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Yes help GFDL
French/Appendices/Pronunciation index only tables from wikipedia.--Mig77 16:54, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry; I don't understand what you're asking. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 17:54, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Plainlinks
I'm moderately curious, it seems you imported it from en.wikipedia only I don't see any pages here on wikibooks that link to it, what is it being used for?-- VectorPotential Talk 19:32, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Now that I've had a quick glance at my contributions, I see that you imported AWBuser as well, which explains why you would have needed plainlinks. -- VectorPotential Talk 19:36, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

Re: Note on my talk page
Hi, just to let you know, I am logged in. This is my account. : ) Thanks for the note! Doodledoo 22:39, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Heehee, thanks. God, that's happened to me so many times welcoming people at the Wikipedia... Doodledoo 22:43, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
 * As an editor coming from WP, you You may find WB:WFW helpful. If there's something that's missing or incorrect, please let us know. We're trying to get this up to snuff so our friends from WP can get a quick primer on how things work differently here. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:46, 19 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Looks fine. Simple but forceful. Due to my lack of expertise, I've been mostly contributing to Cookbook anyway, but I might get started into Wikjunior eventually. Thanks! Doodledoo 22:53, 19 October 2007 (UTC)

How do I talk?
I'd like to message/Pm another member. I can't see how to do it. The users link is here. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/User:ThreeE However there are no options to send a message that I can make out. This might be the right way to contact you either, so sorry for that, but at the moment the simple thing of how to communicate is not at all obvious. E5ricky 21:28, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Normally we communicate through the User talk: pages; that's what they're for. You can just leave a message on their page. If you want to, you can try to email them. There is a link in the sidebar when you're looking at their User: or User talk: page that says Email this user. If they have enabled email, you will get a form that will send off an email to the address they provided. Hope that helps! – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 21:46, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
 * As well, you can make links without using the URL. To link to the page you gave me above, just put the title of the page inside double square brackets. User:ThreeE produces the link User:ThreeE; you can modify what the text says with a piped link like this: ThreeE produces the link with modified text: ThreeE. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 21:48, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for those tips. By users talk you mean the Discussion tab? :unsure: E5ricky 22:26, 20 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, that's it. I call it the User talk: page because when you click the Discussion tab, the title of that page actually begins with "User talk:" - not "Discussion". – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:52, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Bot edit for "Opening theory in chess"
Hi Mike, Can you use your bot to help with as much of the following as possible. Applies to all pages within Opening theory in chess

1) Can you use your bots to change all the chess boards displays from the old 'chess position' to the new chess diagram.

Old style is yellow green and doesn't look professional the new style would also be good to have th position name 'Ware opening in this example at the top.

2) can you change occurances of '=Theory Table=' to '==Theory Table=='

3) Can you move any page in Opening theory in chess where the page URL have three periods('...') in them, the URL is changes to remove the period plus it's proceeding number. The three periods often occur multiple times(after every black move) Example URL's http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._e4/1...e5/2._Nf3/2...Nc6/3._Bc4/3...Nf6/4._Ng5/4...d5/5._exd5/5...Nxd5/6._d4/6...Bb4/7._c3/7...Be7/8._Nxf7/8...Kxf7/9._Qf3/9...Ke6 Goes to http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Opening_theory_in_chess/1._e4/e5/2._Nf3/Nc6/3._Bc4/Nf6/4._Ng5/d5/5._exd5/Nxd5/6._d4/Bb4/7._c3/Be7/8._Nxf7/Kxf7/9._Qf3/Ke6

4) If you can get part 3) to work then also change any occurances in the page code of '...' remove the three periods and the proceeding number. eg </4...d5> goes to </d5> Thanks E5ricky 17:28, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * 1) Can probably be done. I'll have to take a closer look at how the chessboards are constructed (ie. which tiles match up; from there it is a simple replacement).
 * 2) Easy
 * 3) and 4) Complex page moves would have do be done manually unless you can get User:tsca.bot (operated by m:user talk:tsca) to take care of it.
 * – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 17:49, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, can you see about doing 1 and 2. Seems maybe myself and whiteknight will do 3 and 4 manually as User:tsca.bot page says, 'due to the lack of time the bot is unable to complete any requests until further notice' E5ricky 18:19, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * I hate to do this to you but "due to the lack of time..." It's going to have to wait till at least the end of the week. Ask me again then if I don't remember. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 19:56, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The board colours have changed! Well awesome. Thanks if it was you Mike. E5ricky 21:04, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The letters and numbers (around the site) don't match the squares now, but glad something has been done. E5ricky 21:21, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * The letters and numbers now match the squares! My lucky day :D E5ricky 22:51, 21 October 2007 (UTC)
 * lol. Congrats, but I take no credit. I've been AFK for the afternoon. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:45, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Hey mike, just to let you know, i'm getting a lot of the work here done by my bot this evening. Once I get done, i'll update the list, and let you know what still needs to be done. Hopefully, there won't be much! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 23:49, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Just to keep everything together...I changed the template to the way it is now. I made all arguments optional, in which case you get an empty board with 24x24 squires. I also used different images with a transparent background so the color of the light and dark squires can be optionally changed, and made it so an optional description can be displayed underneath the board. --dark lama  00:13, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you Darklama, the boards now somehow look professional and with the size bigger then the wikipedia one, the revised 'Chess position' template is my favourite. E5ricky 00:19, 22 October 2007 (UTC)

random
delete ppls ip address its confendential —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 99.235.0.136 (talk • contribs) 22:15, October 24, 2007.

 * Actually, they're not. If you want to hide your IP address, you can register an account here. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:56, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for the Welcome
Thanks for the welcome. I appreciate the link that described what Wikibooks is. Do you have any advice for a newbie like me? Thanks for your help. P.S. I like your userbox about cold weather. Sociology 23:46, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, if you're coming from Wikipedia, WB:WFW might be useful. Otherwise, just go for it. If you're not sure, ask someone (WB:HELP is useful). Good luck, and post again if you need something! – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:48, 24 October 2007 (UTC)

Hum
I'm sure you will see it but just in case? Cheers -- Herby talk thyme 07:12, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I saw it, but what am I supposed to make of that? – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 20:47, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Featured books logo proposal
Hi Mike, could you check out Wikibooks talk:Featured books? I noted that it'd be really easy to change the font. Doodledoo 21:28, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Acetone Peroxide
What is the reason for the deletion of the acetone peroxide page? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 71.198.52.234 (discuss • contribs)
 * There was a discussion at WB:VFD which resulted in a consensus to delete. This was done in accordance with Deletion policy. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:45, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for your help
Appreciate your clarification edit at Counterterror_Joint_Command It's very nice to make your acquaintance. My previous definition of terrorism is broader in scope due to the fact that conclusive categorization comes after the fact and because the wide range of conditions special tactics terror interdiction teams respond to is always a current process. I find that the definition you are using is succinct, more understandable and more specific in nature. Upon close examination you will find the only real difference between definitions is the exclusive perrogative of some conditions, which is taken as inclusive in the previous terminology. There are specific circumstances, such as the intent and preplanning of perpetrating extensive damage, which may not necessarily originate from a sub-state entity, and a symbolic action being so because the magnitude of weapons support is inferior may be presumption and unascertainable. This comes from 23 years as Tactical Chief Instructor over this specific type of operation. My comments here are not meant to be argumentative. Just some food for thought and conversation with my sincere acknowlegement of your content. Chrismar 22:02, 28 October 2007 (UTC)chrismar Thanks
 * I think the language used is also far more clear than what had previously been written. As soon as I saw "Terrorism is a syndrome of fear from a deliberate non-conventional act of violence..." I knew it had to be re-written. I was going to use the US Army's definition, but I couldn't immediately find it. As well, it's not very reader-friendly; Louise Robert's is easy to understand, and is comprehensive. I added the sub-state designation because her work focuses on sub-state terrorism. For state-level terrorism, symbolism isn't nearly as important since states are significantly more powerful. The differences in definition, whatever they may be, between state- and sub-state levels of terrorism are not relevant since this book deals (apparently) exclusively with sub-state terrorism directed against the West. I'd like to see that scope change, however, since we all know that's not the only kind, and isn't even the most pervasive kind. Room for expansion in the future.
 * While I understand that you feel a particular expertise, all content in Wikibooks must be verifiable, which is why if I continue editing that book, it'll be mostly adding views from published (peer-reviewed, if possible) academics and specialists in the field, rather than (maybe) more practical ground-level experiences. I'm glad to see that you're feeling no ownership over this Wikibook. Remember, all content submitted here is GFDL-licensed and will be edited mercilessly and distributed at will :) Best regards. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:52, 28 October 2007 (UTC)

 * It behooves us all to contribute without ownership or self-importance, and to concentrate on expanding knowledge as the foundation of character as well as the implementation of skill sets. Your insights bring consistency through verification. My particular expertise is the integration of combat systems through a unifying protocol and administrating the relevant technical and operational foundation. Being the founder of this protocol I also author the media and field manuals as well as the training structure which has had influence over tactical policy multi-nationally and on a state-level. Since our discussion does relate to the integration of greater infrastructural integrity for crisis containment perhaps more emphasis can be put on Network Security Management as well as Service levels Intelligence and configuration as part of the solution. These concepts are also instrumental to secure systems. I mention this in order to offer some food for thought which may already be part of your wide range of references. I am led to better understand your good intent. Thanks Mike. Chrismar 17:04, 29 October 2007 (UTC)chrismar

Muggles' Guide: Reversion of Grindelwald edit
I'm not entirely sure that the edit about Grindelwald's and Dumbledore's being in love should be classed as vandalism. It is a fact; Rowling herself said so, and it does clarify a lot of things about their relationship. However: it is also true that there is a specific note there saying that all discussion of sexuality is in a specific place in the article, one that our editor must have seen but clearly chose to ignore. While reversion was, in fact, the right thing to do, I'm not sure that marking it as vandalism was correct; perhaps a better choice is to say "thanks for visiting, your test has been removed." No? Chazz (talk) 01:17, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, it may not technically be vandalism, so I'll change the wording in that warning template (which, I might add was, which doesn't use the word "vandalism"). The edit appeared directly previous to a hidden comment that that sort of thing doesn't belong on that page, which I assume was placed after the authors of the book came to that consensus, hence my reversion. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 01:53, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Hmm. You're right, it doesn't; it only says "inappropriate", I was misled by the big red stop sign. No, the rewording looks excellent; I hope it is only this single instance, rather than throughout, because not many books are likely to end up with that sort of embedded comment. I started putting those in because of the high incidence of randoms editing the Muggles' Guide, particularly since the revelations about Dumbledore's sexuality, which seemed to titillate so many people. And yes, I only started putting those in when we seemed to have consensus. Chazz (talk) 03:08, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Recovery
On the category issue, sorry that may have been my mistake on the wiki category, I was wondering about the bookshelf placement issue for Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Recovery; being the at University of Illnois, Boston University and University of Medicine of Dentistry of New Jersey; the subject of Psychiatric Rehabilitation is considered to be of different subject categories. I believe that UofI its a social work practice; BU it is rehabilitation services, and UMDNJ considers it a medical intervention or some aspect of...(Although I personally feel it should be a behavior or social science; as my user name may suggest, but for the purpose of this wikibook I am trying to stick the facts as they are taught in the trainings and courses, I attend). I appreciate your assistance, thanks.--Recoverypsychology 14:07, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * You're welcome to categorize it in all of those places. I recommend, however, that you take a look the the Subject: pages (you can start at WB:AS). If you categorize the book page in a category which has the same name as a Subject: page, it will automatically show up there. If you need help to harness this functionality, don't hesitate to ask. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:57, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Artificial Neural Networks
I saw on your user page that you're studying neuroscience. I've just created a new book, Artificial Neural Networks based on a research paper i've been writing on that topic. Is this an area of interest for you? If so, I would love some help. Let me know! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 17:10, 29 October 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't know much about the topic (yet) but I'll keep an eye peeled for stuff I can add, and I might contribute in the future. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:25, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Hebrew/History
Thanks, Mike.lifeguard for the correction on the name of this page! And, thanks for the other repairs you've made on the Hebrew WikiBook and others! -CocoaZen 23:19, 4 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mike.lifeguard/Archive 6


text:
Portuguese/Contents/Slang (Portugal)

In Portugal there are several slang expressions (expressões informais) which are very common.

Fixe! (fisch)
 * Cool!
 * Nice!

Fogo! (fo-goh)
 * Goodness!
 * Wow!

Pá! (pah) Porreiro (por-rei-ro)
 * Ex: O que estás a fazer, pá? What are you doing, man?
 * Great!
 * Excellent!

title: Portuguese/Contents/Slang (Portugal)


text: User talk:70.63.36.114

title: User talk:70.63.36.114


text: User talk:140.198.76.135

title: User talk:140.198.76.135