text:
User talk:Tortoise

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Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 16:22, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Securing XP
Good work - going to put in anything about using the HOSTS file as a protection measure? Maybe even not using IE . Cheers -- Herby talk thyme 17:18, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Thank you, praise is always welcome! :) I guess you mean redirecting urls of known "bad" sites to 127.0.0.1, as Spybot-S&D does. I might soon, although it would be one of a hundred hacks that reduce the window of exposure. Since a lot of details can be found e.g. in the various forums that talk about security, I think I shall try to give the reader some general ideas first.

Tortoise 17:49, 15 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Fair comment - I guess it was one of the first "protections" I used (& not using IE). If you need it Wikipedia has some good stuff on HOSTS - I know, that's where I got the info!  Let me know if I can help - cheers -- Herby  talk thyme 18:39, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Of course one I saw on the internet somewhere some time ago is the one I really love. Q - "How do I make my machine completely safe?" A - "Unplug it, take it into your garden, dig a hole and fill it in - then it will be safe" - sorry - had to share! -- Herby talk thyme 19:37, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, it still won't be safe from the rain, or from nuclear fallout. Perhaps embedding it in concrete and shielding it with lead would do the trick. Tortoise 19:50, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Damn - knew I'd missed something  -- Herby talk thyme 19:52, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Services sub page
Fancy having a go at this together? I've found odd bits on the internet but it is not well covered. What can be switched off and what must not? Cheers -- Herby talk thyme 16:27, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Mmm... are you tweaking for extra performance or for security? I don't know much about services... some programs install extra ones (I recognize ZoneAlarm's TrueVector, avast!Antivirus uses 4 services, Matlab, MySQL, Toshiba's ConfigFree...), maybe a tool that recognizes "bad stuff" would be handy; some malware also adds a service but usually it has a glitch that distinguishes it (like gibberish in the "internal name" field); others are dormant waiting for some change in the configuration, so disabling them may mean that later, say, Plug&Play stops working and I don't remember why... ? Ah - did you see my link to www.sysinternals.com ?

Tortoise 17:32, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

 * End of dayish now for me so quick ramble and maybe some more tomorrow.
 * Services - tweaked for both - I HATE stuff that installs things without asking!. The one I gave you the link for allows a "right click search internet for info" approach which I've found v useful.  I know about sysinternals (& Mark's capture by MS) but I didn't find their stuff as friendly.  I'll look around and send you links if you like.  I still say for keeping bad stuff out load the HOSTS file.  You've done some useful constructive editing for which thanks - I think it would be good to work on some of this stuff with someone.  Enough for today I guess (tho I keep a vandal watch for a while!).  Catch you again - regards -- Herby  talk thyme 18:39, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Early bird etc
Morning - at work and a bit busy this am but will have some time at lunch and will hopefully be in touch then (vandals permitting! - they are getting a bit irritating at present). Regards -- Herby talk thyme 08:36, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi, not sure if I'll be around then. Got to be on the move today. Anyway, hope you have a good day. Tortoise 08:51, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Loosing the plot!
Outbreaks of vandalism (& work) over the past couple of days have left me with little "ordinary" editing time ("life" what's that & no I rarely take offence at anything!). Kinda lost where we are up to at present. Some ramblings follow and I am not suggesting you do anything but they may help/interest you? I would also say if you are not familiar with it Gibson Research has some very good info/free software as well as ShieldsUp for checking firewalls.

Not aware that there are any issues with not loging out at all by the way.

Starter/services
The one I sent you is not the sysinternals one but one I think is a little better and allows you to search for items easily. For Wikibooks I would see two lists as being useful. FFS "don't touch these services" and "these are usually unecessary for most configs"? For example this page has some useful stuff

Browsers
I still see this as a good aspect of security that needs covering. Not just alternatives to IE but how IE can be made rather more secure - the settings are not a model of clarity for most people? Maybe worth a look at Wikipedia - we can import content from there if it is suitable -- Herby talk thyme 13:17, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi, unfortunately I won't be able to contribute regularly since I am really lagging behind with University (I attend Computer Engineering at the Politecnico di Milano, and should have got my degree at the beginning of last year...!). There is no real plot anyway since the book was just a page when I began editing (actually I wonder if the wikibook linked above branched off this one). First attempt at a structure:

 * Hardware issues. Preventing data loss (backups)
 * basic security [?] (passwords)
 * networking, threats to data integrity (viruses, spyware...) - user is passive
 * networking, avoiding data theft (phishing) - user's initiative
 * tweaking Windows until it hurts
 * install Linux :) - the ultimate solution

Tortoise 13:30, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

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The Staff 04:17, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tortoise


text:
User talk:66.36.230.239

Some greater reasoning should be given for the removals that you are making. Do not remove any further content - discuss it on the article's talk page. Thanks -- Herby talk thyme 16:58, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Final warning
OK - I asked nicely and you did it again so any further blanking in Poker or elsewhere

This is your last warning. The next time you blank a page you will be blocked from editing Wikibooks. -- Herby talk thyme 18:42, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Don't say I didn't warn you - you are blocked -- Herby talk thyme 19:28, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:66.36.230.239


text:
User talk:65.114.73.66

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 17:54, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:65.114.73.66


text:
User talk:LuisParravicini

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 17:55, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:LuisParravicini


text:
User talk:Negro Butt

Sand Dune Croboys
This page appears to be a hoax page - please provide evidence of this - google produces nothing. Thanks -- Herby talk thyme 19:07, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

You are blocked
Pending investigation into your "contributions" -- Herby talk thyme 19:20, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Negro Butt


text:
User talk:209.56.97.100

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 19:07, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:209.56.97.100


text:
User talk:Bryanclair

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 19:41, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

Your Book
I saw your note in the staff lounge, and i figured I would send you a note directly. I've been involved with a number of other large projects here. Human Physiology was a college class project that was a resounding success. Also, the Category:APDIP Books was a set of books written by the UN that i helped to upload and reformat.

I would like to personally extend my hand to help you with your project, should you decide to bring it to wikibooks. you can feel free to email me at wknight8111  hotmail com. Please include the word "Wikibooks" in the subject so it doesnt accidentally get spam-filtered. Feel free to send me an email or to send me a message on my user talk page if you would like the assistance. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 03:58, 3 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bryanclair


text:
The Holocaust/Victims/Romanies

The Porajmos (also Porrajmos) literally Devouring, or Samudaripen (Mass killing) is a term coined by the Roma (Gypsy) people to describe attempts by the Nazi regime to exterminate most of the Roma peoples of Europe during The Holocaust. The phenomenon has been little studied and largely overshadowed by the Shoah (the Hebrew term for the Nazi campaign to exterminate Jews).

Because the Roma communities of Eastern Europe were less organized than the Jewish communities, it is more difficult to assess the actual number of victims, though it is believed to range from 200,000 to 2,000,000. Only in recent years has the Roma community begun to demand acceptance among the victims of the Nazi regime. The response so far has been mixed.

Aryan Racial Purity
In the thousand years that nomadic Roma tribes wandered through Europe, they were subject to persecution and humiliation; they were stigmatized as habitual criminals, social misfits, and vagabonds. Given the Nazi predilection for "racial purity," it would seem inevitable that the Roma would be among their first victims. Nevertheless, in the earliest days of the Third Reich, the Roma posed a problem for Hitler's racial ideologues. The Gypsy language (Romani) is one of the Indo-Aryan languages, originating in northern India. Nazi anthropologists realized that Roma migrated into Europe from India, and were descendants of the Aryan occupants of the subcontinent, thought at the time to have invaded India from Europe. In other words, the Gypsies were no less Aryan than the Germans themselves.

Nazi racialist Hans Günther added a socioeconomic component to the theory of racial purity. While he conceded that the Roma were, in fact, descended from Aryans, they were of poorer classes that mingled with the various "inferior" races they encountered during their wanderings. This, he explained, accounted for their extreme poverty and nomadic lifestyle. While he conceded that there were some groups that were "purely Aryan," most Gypsies posed a threat to Aryan hegemony because of their racial mingling.

In order to study the problem further, the Nazis established the Racial Hygiene and Demographic Biology Research Unit (Rassenhygienische und Bevölkerungsbiologische Forschungsstelle, Department L3 of the Reich Department of Health) in 1936. Headed by Dr. Robert Ritter and his assistant Eva Justin, the body was mandated to conduct an in-depth study of the "Gypsy question" (Zigeunerfrage) and to provide data required for formulating a new Reich Gypsy law. After extensive fieldwork in the spring of 1936, consisting of interviews and medical examinations to investigate genealogical and genetic data, it was determined that most Roma posed a danger to German racial purity and should be eliminated. No decision was made regarding the remainder (about 10 percent of the total Roma population of Europe), primarily Sinti and Lalleri tribes living in Germany, though several suggestions were made. At one point Heinrich Himmler even suggested the establishment of a remote reservation, where the "pure Gypsies" could continue their nomadic lifestyle unhindered. According to him:

 * "...The aim of measures taken by the State to defend the homogeneity of the German nation must be the physical separation of Gypsydom from the German nation, the prevention of miscegenation, and finally, the regulation of the way of life of pure and part-Gypsies."

Loss of Citizenship
On January 3, 1936, the Nuremberg laws, prohibiting marriages between Jews and Aryans, was extended to Gypsies as well. Gypsies, like Jews, lost their right to vote on March 7, 1936.

Extermination
The vast majority of Roma were to suffer the same indignities as the Jews, and in some instances, they suffered even more brutally. According to Porajmos historian Ian Hancock, proportionately, the Roma death toll equaled "and almost certainly exceed[ed], that of Jewish victims." They were herded into ghettos, including the Warsaw Ghetto (April–June, 1942), where they formed a distinct subclass. According to Ghetto diarist Emmanuel Ringelblum, the Gypsies were sent to the Warsaw Ghetto because the Germans wanted

 * "..To toss into the Ghetto everything that is characteristically dirty, shabby, bizarre, of which one ought to be frightened, and which anyway has to be destroyed."

Further east, teams of Einsatzgruppen tracked down Roma encampments and murdered the inhabitants on the spot, leaving no records of the victims.

Gypsies were also victims of the puppet regimes that cooperated with the Third Reich during the war, especially the notorious Ustashe regime in Croatia. In Jasenovac concentration camp, along with Serbs and Jews, tens of thousands of Gypsies were killed.

On December 16, 1942, Himmler ordered that the Roma candidates for extermination should be deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau. To the Roma people of Europe, this order was equivalent to the January 20 decision of that same year, made at the Wannsee Conference, at which Nazi bureaucrats decided on the "Final Solution" of the "Jewish problem". Himmler then on November 15, 1943 ordered that Gypsies and "part-Gypsies" were to be put "on the same level as Jews and placed in concentration camps."

According to testimonies of Jewish and Nazi witnesses, Gypsies sent to the death camps often suffered even worse than Jews. In some instances, the Nazis were so appalled by the sight of Roma arriving in the transports that they would not even let them in the gates of the camps for selection and simply murdered them by the railway platforms. In one remarkable instance, the victims were so terrified that they would be killed on the spot that they actually stormed the gates of the death camp, demanding to be allowed in—they were promptly led to the gas chambers, all the while believing that they would find sanctuary there.

The governments of Nazi German allies, such as Hungary and Romania, also contributed to the Nazi plan of Roma extermination, but this was implemented on a smaller scale and most Hungarian and Romanian Roma people survived. The Hungarian government sent to Auschwitz between 30,000 and 70,000 Roma people while the Croatian government sent 26,000 ; of the Roma killed, about half were at the Jasenovac concentration camp. Similarly, the Romanian government of Ion Antonescu had its own concentration camps in Transnistria where 25,000 Roma people were deported, from which 11,000 died.

In the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, Roma internees were sent to the Lety and Hodonín camps before being transferred to Auschwitz-Birkenau for gassing. What makes the Lety camp unique is that it was staffed by Czech guards, who could be even more brutal than the Germans, as testified in Paul Polansky's book Black Silence.

title: The Holocaust/Victims/Romanies


text:
The Holocaust/Eugenics

Nazi eugenics pertains to Nazi Germany's Nazism and race social policies that placed the improvement of the race through eugenics at the centre of their concerns and targeted those humans they identified as Life Unworthy of Life, including but not limited to: criminal, degenerate, dissident, feeble-minded, homosexual, idle, insane, religious and weak humans for elimination from the chain of heredity.

Hitler and eugenics
Hitler had read some racial-hygiene tracts during his period of imprisonment in Landsberg prison. The future leader considered that Germany could only become strong again if the state applied to German society the basic principles of racial hygiene and genetic engineering.

Hitler believed the nation had become weak, corrupted by the infusion of degenerate elements (similar to genes) into its bloodstream. These had to be removed as quickly as possible. The strong and the racially pure had to be encouraged to have more children, and the weak and the racially impure had to be neutralized by one means or another. Ironically, it has also been speculated Hitler had Parkinson's disease.

Sterilization law
The Law for the Prevention of Hereditarily Diseased Offspring, proclaimed on July 14, 1933 required physicians to register every case of hereditary illness known to them, except in women over forty-five years of age. Physicians could be fined for failing to comply. In 1934 the first year of the Law's operation, nearly 4,000 people appealed against the decisions of sterilisation authorities, 3,559 of the appeals failed. By the end of the Nazi regime, over 200 "Genetic Health Courts" were created, and under their rulings over 400,000 people were sterilized against their will.

Sterilization to murder
Action T4 (German Aktion T4) was the official name of the Nazi Germany eugenics program which forcefully conducted euthanasia on Germans who were institutionalized or suffering from birth defects. In total, an estimated 200,000 people were killed as a result of the program.

Hadamar Clinic
The Hadamar Clinic was a mental hospital in the German town of Hadamar, which was used by the Nazis as the site of their T-4 Euthanasia Program.

Kaiser Wilhem Institute
The Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Anthropology, Human Heredity, and Eugenics was founded in 1927. In its early years, and during the Nazi era, it was strongly associated with theories of eugenics and racial hygiene advocated by its leading theorists Fritz Lenz and Eugen Fischer, and by its director Otmar von Verschuer. Under Fischer, the sterilisation of so-called Rhineland Bastards was undertaken.

Applying racial hygiene
Applying the principles of racial hygiene to society meant sweeping away traditional morality and replacing it with a system of ethics that derived good and bad solely from the imagined collective interests of the master race.

International views
Some physicians outside Germany also held the view that many social ills were the result of the hereditary degeneracy of certain sections of the population. Even before the Nazis came to power in Germany twenty-eight states in the United States had passed compulsory sterilisation laws resulting in the sterilization of 15,999 people; the total had more than doubled by 1939. Over 60,000 people had been sterilized under U.S. compulsory sterilization laws before they became mostly unused in the 1960s. Many people were sterilized as children and did not know what had been done until they tried to conceive as adults.

Years and decades after the large-scale forced sterilization programs had ceased to exist in the US, many countries maintained post WWII sterilization campaigns lasting well into the 1970s.

In 1997 it was disclosed that Sweden in particular had a strong sterilization program, sterilizing around 62,000 individuals over a period of 40 years until 1976. In the United Kingdom, Home Secretary Winston Churchill introduced a bill that became the 1913 Mental Deficiency Act, which initially included a clause allowing forced sterilization of the mentally ill. Writer G.K. Chesterton led a successful effort to defeat that clause of the bill.

In 1990s Peru, the government of former president Alberto Fujimori was accused of having pressured 200,000 indigenous people in rural areas, mainly Quechuas and Aymaras, into being sterilized as part of a family planning policy. The Soviet Union imposed forced sterilization for female workers deported from Romania to Soviet labour camps, which occurred after World War II, when Romania was supposed to supply reconstruction workforce, according to the armistice convention. India and China have at various times implemented sterilisation campaigns as a population control policy, although only the latter has made any previous overtures towards any potential eugenic motivations.

Other countries that had notably active sterilization programs include Australia, Canada, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Panama, Slovakia and Switzerland.

The Roman Catholic Church has been a notable opponent of eugenics and sterilization programs since long before the creation of the Nazi state for religious reasons.

After revelations of the Holocaust and the connection between Nazi master race ideology and eugenics became well known, public support for eugenics became muted in the postwar years and eventually became non-existent, as eugenics became inextricably associated with the Nazi regime.

Videos

 * Burleigh, M. (1991). Selling Murder: The Killing Films of the Third Reich. London: Domino Films.
 * Michalczyk, J.J. (1997). Nazi Medicine: In The Shadow Of The Reich. New York: First-Run Features.

title: The Holocaust/Eugenics


text:
The Holocaust/Victims/Homosexuals

Gay men and, to a lesser extent, lesbians, were two of several groups targeted by Nazis during the Holocaust.

The rise of Nazism
Prior to the Third Reich, Berlin was considered a liberal city, with many gay bars, nightclubs and cabarets. There were even many drag bars where tourists, heterosexuals and gays would enjoy female impersonation acts. Adolf Hitler decried cultural degeneration, prostitution and syphilis in his book "Mein Kampf" blaming at least some of the phenomena on Jews.

Berlin also had the most active LGBT rights movements in the world at the time. Jewish doctor Magnus Hirschfeld had co-founded the Scientific-Humanitarian Committee (Wissenschaftlich-humanitäres Komitee, WhK) in Berlin in 1897 to campaign against the notorious "Paragraph 175" law that made sex between men illegal. It also sought social recognition of homosexual and transgender men and women. It was the first public gay rights organization.

In 1919, Hirschfeld had also co-founded the Institut für Sexualwissenschaft (Institute for Sex Research), a private sexology research institute. It had a research library and a large archive, and included a marriage and sex counseling office. In addition, the institute was a pioneer worldwide in the call for civil rights and social acceptance for homosexual and transgender people.

The advancements of the gay community were soon erased, however, with the coming to power of Hitler's Nazi Party.

Nazism declared itself incompatible with homosexuality, because gays did not reproduce and perpetuate the master race. For the same reasons, masturbation was also considered harmful to the Reich, but treated lightly. There was also a fear among Nazis of a "gay gene" contamination.

Hitler believed that homosexuality was "degenerate behavior" which posed a threat to the capacity of the state and the "masculine character" of the nation. Gay men were denounced as "enemies of the state" and charged with "corrupting" public morality and posing a threat to the German birthrate.

Nazi leaders such as Himmler also viewed homosexuals as a separate people and had Nazi doctors experiment on them in an effort to locate the hereditary weakness many party members believed caused homosexuality.

Some leaders clearly wanted gay people exterminated, while others wanted enforcement of laws banning sex between gay men or lesbians.

Ernst Röhm, a man Hitler perceived as a potential threat, and the leader of Sturmabteilung, the Nazi Party's first militia, was discreetly gay until 1925 when he was outed by a Social Democratic newspaper that published a number of love letters written by Röhm, as were some other top leaders of the SA, such as Edmund Heines. After 1925, Röhm was quite open about his sexuality and was a member of the League for Human Rights, Germany's largest gay rights group.

German Jews played a prominent role in the gay rights movement in Germany. The German-Jewish arts and film community had a large concentration of homosexuals.

German Jews like Magnus Hirschfeld were heavily criticized. They were demonized for their controversial ideas which were shocking to many people in Europe. Even though Sigmund Freud had nothing to do with the gay rights movement in Germany (since he was an Austrian Jew), he was targeted because he was Jewish and had controversial ideas about sexuality. Anyone who promoted controversial sexual ideas was thought of as a deviant by German society and especially by the Nazis. Freud was particularly criticized for some incestuous concepts like Oedipus Complex and the Electra Complex in which he claimed were psychodevelopmental phenomena where children developed sexual feelings toward the opposite sex parent.

Purge of Homosexuals

In late February 1933, as the moderating influence of Ernst Röhm weakened, the Nazi Party launched its purge of homosexual (gay, lesbian, and bisexual; then known as homophile) clubs in Berlin, outlawed sex publications, and banned organized gay groups. As a consequence, many fled Germany (e.g. Erika Mann, Richard Plaut). In March 1933, Kurt Hiller, the main organizer of Magnus Hirschfeld's Institute of Sex Research, was sent to a concentration camp.

On May 6, 1933, Nazi Youth of the Deutsche Studentenschaft made an organised attack on the Institute of Sex Research. A few days later the Institute's library and archives were publicly hauled out and burned in the streets of the Opernplatz. Around 20,000 books and journals, and 5,000 images, were destroyed. Also seized were the Institute's extensive lists of names and addresses of LGBT people. In the midst of the burning, Joseph Goebbels gave a political speech to a crowd of around 40,000 people.

Hitler initially protected Röhm from other elements of the Nazi Party which held his homosexuality to be a violation of the party's strong anti-gay policy. However, Hitler later changed course when he perceived Röhm to be a potential threat to his power. During the Night of the Long Knives in 1934, a purge of those who Hitler deemed threats to his power took place. He had Röhm murdered and used Röhm's homosexuality as a justification to subside outrage within the ranks of the SA. After solidifying his power, Hitler would include gay men among those sent to concentration camps during the Holocaust. Many of these gay men were also Jewish and this is a major reason that they were so heavily targeted by the Nazis.

Himmler had initially been a supporter of Röhm, arguing that the charges of homosexuality against him were manufactured by Jews. But after the purge, Hitler elevated Himmler's status and he became very active in the suppression of homosexuality. He exclaimed, "We must exterminate these people root and branch... the homosexual must be eliminated." (Plant, 1986, p. 99).

Shortly after the purge in 1934, a special division of the Gestapo was instituted to compile lists of gay individuals. In 1936, Heinrich Himmler, Chief of the Schutzstaffel, created the "Reich Central Office for the Combating of Homosexuality and Abortion."

Gays were not initially treated in the same fashion as the Jews, however; Nazi Germany thought of German gay men as part of the "Master Race" and sought to force gay men into sexual and social conformity. Gay men who would or could not conform and feign a switch in sexual orientation were sent to concentration camps under the "Extermination Through Work" campaign.

More than one million gay German men were targeted, of whom at least 100,000 were arrested and 50,000 were serving prison terms as convicted gay men. Hundreds of European gay men living under Nazi occupation were castrated under court order.

Some persecuted under these laws would not have identified themselves as gay. Such "anti-homosexual" laws were widespread throughout the western world until the 1960s and 1970s, so many gay men did not feel safe to come forward with their stories until the 1970s when many so-called "sodomy laws" were repealed.

Lesbians were not widely persecuted under Nazi anti-gay laws, as it was considered easier to persuade or force them to comply with accepted heterosexual behavior. However, they were viewed as a threat to state values and were often branded "anti-social."

Concentration Camps
Estimates vary wildly as to the number of gay men killed in concentration camps during the Holocaust ranging from 15,000 to 600,000. The deaths of at least an estimated 15,000 gay men in concentration camps were officially documented. Larger numbers include those who were Jewish and gay, or even Jewish, gay and communist. In addition, records as to the specific reasons for internment are non-existent in many areas, making it hard to put an exact number on just how many gay men perished in death camps.

Gay men suffered unusually cruel treatment in the concentration camps. They faced persecution not only from German soldiers but also from other prisoners, and many gay men were beaten to death. Additionally, gay men in forced labor camps routinely received more grueling and dangerous work assignments than other non-Jewish inmates, under the policy of "Extermination Through Work". German soldiers also were known to use gay men for target practice, aiming their weapons at the pink triangles their human targets were forced to wear.

The harsh treatment can be attributed to the view of the SS guards toward gay men, as well as to the homophobic attitudes present in German society at large. The marginalization of gay men in Germany was reflected in the camps. Many died from unsympathetic beatings, some of them caused by other prisoners. And Nazi doctors often used gay men for scientific experiments in an attempt to locate a "gay gene" to "cure" any future Aryan children who were gay.

An account of a gay Holocaust survivor, Pierre Seel, details life for gay men during Nazi control. In his account he states that he participated in his local gay community in the town of Mulhouse. When the Nazis gained power over the town his name was on a list of local gay men ordered to the police station. He obeyed the directive to protect his family from any retaliation. Upon arriving at the police station he notes that he and other gay men were beaten. Some gay men who resisted the SS had their fingernails pulled out. Others were raped with broken rulers and had their bowels punctured, causing them to bleed profusely. After his arrest he was sent to the concentration camp at Schirmeck. There, Seel stated that during a morning roll-call, the Nazi commander announced a public execution. A man was brought out, and Seel recognized his face. It was the face of his eighteen-year-old lover from Mulhouse. Seel then claims that the Nazi guards stripped the clothes of his lover and placed a metal bucket over his head. Then the guards released trained German Shepherd dogs on him, which mauled him to death.

Experiences such as these can account for the relatively high death rate of gay men in the camps as compared to the other "anti-social groups." A study by Ruediger Lautmann found that 60 percent of gay men in concentration camps died, as compared to 41 percent for political prisoners and 35 percent for Jehovah's Witnesses. The study also shows that survival rates for gay men were slightly higher for internees from the middle and upper classes and for married bisexual men and those with children.

Post-War

After the war, homosexual concentration camp prisoners were not acknowledged as victims of Nazi persecution. Reparations and state pensions available to other groups were refused to gay men, who were still classified as criminals — the Nazi anti-gay law was not repealed until 1969. They could be re-imprisoned for "repeat offenses," and were kept on the modern lists of "sex offenders." Under the Allied Military Government of Germany, some homosexuals were forced to serve out their terms of imprisonment, regardless of the time spent in concentration camps.

Since the 1980s, some cities around the world have erected memorials to remember the thousands of gay people who were murdered and persecuted during the Holocaust. Major memorials can be found in Berlin, Germany; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Montevideo, Uruguay; and San Francisco, United States. In 2002 the German government released an official apology to the gay community.

In 2005, the European Parliament marked the 60th anniversary of the liberation of the Auschwitz camp with a minute's silence and the passage of a resolution. In its early draft, this resolution included the following text: "The death camp at Auschwitz-Birkenau, where hundreds of thousands of Jews, Roma, homosexuals, Poles and other prisoners of various nationalities were murdered, is not only a major occasion for European citizens to remember and condemn the enormous horror and tragedy of the Holocaust, but also for addressing the disturbing rise in anti-Semitism, and especially anti-Semitic incidents, in Europe, and for learning anew the wider lessons about the dangers of victimizing people on the basis of race, ethnic origin, religion, politics, gender, or sexual orientation." However, in the final version of this resolution, the reference to homosexuals was removed.

title: The Holocaust/Victims/Homosexuals


text:
Talk:Spanish/Vocabulary

Ft. LaMari (Chambao) & Tommy Torres

Tu recuerdo sigue aqui como un aguacero rompe fuerte sobre mi hay pero a fuego lento quema y moja por igual ya no se lo que pensar si tu recuerdo me hace bien o me hace mal

Un beso gris, un beso blanco todo depende del lugar que yo me fui eso está claro, pero tu recuerdo no se va siento tus labios en las noches de verano ahí están cuidandome mi soledad, pero a veces me quiere matar

Tu recuerdo sigue aquí como un aguacero rompe fuerte sobre mi ay pero a fuego lento quema y moja por igual y ya no se lo que pensar si tu recuerdo me hace bien o me hace mal

A veces gris, a veces blanco todo depende del lugar que tu te fuiste eso es pasado se que te tengo que olvidar, pero yo le puse una velita a to’ mis santos ahí está pa’ que pienses mucho en mi no dejes de pensar en mi

Tu recuerdo sigue aquí como un aguacero ay rompe fuerte sobre mi ay pero a fuego lento quema y moja por igual y ya no se lo que pensar si tu recuerdo me hace bien o me hace mal

Pensa en mi es antídoto y veneno al corazón piensa bien quema y que moja que viene y va tu dónde está atrapado entre los versos y el adiós

Tu recuerdo sigue aquí como aguacero de mayo rompe fuerte sobre mi y cae tan fuerte que hasta me quema hasta la piel quema y moja por igual y ya no se lo que pensar si tu recuerdo me hace bien o me hace mal

tu recuerdo sigue aqui leirolai lerolelo ooo rompe fuete sobre mi pero que rompe, rompe el corazón quema y moja por igual se que te tengo que olvidar si tu recuerdo me hace bien o me hace mal

title: Talk:Spanish/Vocabulary


text:
Talk:General Chemistry/Balancing Equations

I believe after today's changes this book should be the only balancing reactions book. I've adopted a few things from the other book. My next plan is to add a section on redox reactions. Anything else we need? Maybe nuclear reactions?

 * Technically, there is only one General Chemistry book, but it happens to have two chapters titled "Balancing equations". We can (and should) merge them together. I don't have time today, but you are more then welcome to try it. If you can't merge the pages together on your own, send me a message on my user talk page, and I will take care of it when I get back on sunday night. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 22:29, 15 December 2006 (UTC)


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nf6/2. Nc3

=Alekhine's Defence= White has refused to take the risk to push his pawn forward. Instead, he chose to defend it. This choice can be seen as "evasive". Black might think that White is trying to avoid Alekhine's Defence. They may accept to transpose into Vienna Game with 2...e5 or they may continue in a sharper line with /2...d5/.

Theory table
.

'1.e4 Nf6 2.Nc3'


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nf6/2. e5/2...Nd5/3. d4/3...d6/4. c4

= Alekhine's Defence = White grabs even more space and wins a tempo. Black's knight is under attack again. The only reasonable move is /4...Nb6/.

Theory table
.

1.e4 Nf6 2.e5 Nd5 3.d4 d6 4.c4


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nf6/3. Nxe5/3...d6/4. Nxf7/4...Kxf7/5. d4

= Petrov's Defence: Cochrane Gambit = Black's priority is to organize his defence and to counter White's attack. Therefore, /5...Nxe4/ is bad (moreover, White can win the knight with 6. Qh5+ g6 7. Qd5+).

There are three strategies to build comfortably the defence:
 * /5...c5/ tries to regain space by attacking the center from the queen side.
 * /5...Be7/ is a first step toward an "artificial castling". This prepares Re8 and Kg8.
 * /5...g6/ prepares a fianchetto. Black will leave the e file open and builds another kind of defence with the bishop on g7. But we may wonder if this will resist a White pawn advance on the king side.

Theory table
.

1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. Nxe5 d6 4. Nxf7 Kxf7 5. d4


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6

Overview
The Philidor Defense (also referred to as Philidor's Defence) is a King’s Pawn Opening, primarily characterized by the move order 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6. This defence arises in response to the king's pawn opening by White, and Black's subsequent reply signifies the Philidor's Defence. The main idea behind this defence for Black is to safeguard the pawn on e5 by placing pawns on both e5 and d6 squares.

Move Order
To reach the Philidor Defence, the game generally follows this sequence:

 * 1) White advances the King’s pawn two squares (1.e4).
 * 2) Black reciprocates by moving his King’s pawn two squares (1...e5).
 * 3) White, looking to pressure the e5-pawn, moves the knight to f3 (2. Nf3).
 * 4) Black counters by advancing the d-pawn one square, thus defending his e5-pawn (2…d6).

Historical Context
The roots of the Philidor Defense can be traced back to the 16th century. However, François-André Danican Philidor, an influential 18th-century French chess maestro, popularized it. Philidor's 1749 seminal work, "Analyse du jeu des Échecs", underscored the paramount importance of pawn structure, a breakthrough idea that significantly impacted chess theory. Within his treatise, he promoted 2...d6 as a robust retort to 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3, leading to the defence being indelibly linked with his name.

An iconic game that featured the Philidor was "The Opera Game" from 1858, played between chess prodigy Paul Morphy and two esteemed amateurs, Duke Karl of Brunswick and Count Isouard. They diverged from the standard lines with 3.d4 Bg4.

Though it enjoyed immense popularity in its early days, the Philidor's Defence' allure waned as positional play matured. By the onset of World War I, it had virtually disappeared from elite chess tournaments. In contemporary times, its usage in top-tier chess has been sporadic. However, there has been a slight uptick in its adoption in master-level play over the last two decades, especially in rapid and blitz formats.

Notwithstanding its historical significance, the Philidor Defense doesn't enjoy the same favour in contemporary top-level chess as other defences stemming from 1.e4 e5, such as the Ruy-Lopez or the Italian Game. Nonetheless, some elite players have wielded it occasionally as an element of surprise. It's worth noting that the ebb and flow of chess theory mean openings can oscillate in popularity, so it's plausible that newer top-tier players might be inclined to embrace the Philidor more consistently.

A few top players who have occasionally employed the Philidor Defense with the black pieces:

 * 1) Alexander Morozevich: Known for his unconventional opening choices, Morozevich has occasionally played the Philidor Defense and contributed to its modern theory.
 * 2) Radosław Wojtaszek: A top Polish grandmaster, Wojtaszek has played the Philidor in some of his     games.
 * 3) Wesley So: While not a frequent choice for him, So has occasionally tried the Philidor, especially in rapid and blitz games.

White's Strategy

 * 1) Central Dominance: By placing pawns on d4 and e4, White targets the center. The move d2-d4 is a logical approach that helps in expanding control.
 * 2) Piece Development: White generally moves the queen's knight to c3 and positions the king's bishop on c4 or e2.
 * 3) Apply Pressure: Using its central pawn structure, White pressures Black, targeting vulnerable points and preparing for possible Black pawn breaks like ...f5.
 * 4) * Key Moves:
 * 5) ** 3. d4: This is likely the best move. White can threaten a queen exchange with dxe5 dxe5 Qxd8+ Kxd8, preventing Black from castling. This move intensifies the pressure on the center, and the Black fortress might fall at any moment. White frequently seizes the chance to make the valuable d4 move in this setup.
 * 6) ** 3. Bc4: This move leads to a more positional game, which both sides can capitalize on.

Black's Strategy

 * 1) Instead of the typical knight to c6 move, Black defends the e5 pawn with a pawn. This distinctive method has both pros and cons. The Philidor Defence is a complex opening, with Black navigating many traps based on attacks on the f7 square. The defence's main advantage is that it complicates White's launch of an early attack due to Black's minimal weaknesses.
 * 2) * Key Points:
 * 3) ** By using the d6 pawn to support e5, Black spares other pieces (minor or major) from having to do so.
 * 4) ** This style of defence offers fewer vulnerabilities for Black.
 * 5) ** However, this also confines Black's own bishop on f8 and agrees to a more restrictive board position.
 * 6) Solid Foundation: The ...d6 pawn move furnishes a sturdy foundation for counterplay without immediately confronting White's central e4 pawn.
 * 7) Development Plans: Black can select from a range of development schemes. This could be preparing to fianchetto the kingside bishop with ...g6 and ...Bg7, observed in the Lion variation, or choosing ...Nd7 followed by ...Be7.
 * 8) Counterplay in the Center: Black regularly employs pawn breaks, primarily...f5 and ...d5, to challenge and counter White's central pawns.
 * 9) * Critical Perspective: If White dawdles in attacking, Black might play 3...f5 in response to a passive move from White, which could establish equilibrium. In the Philidor's defence, by defending the e5 pawn with another pawn, Black sidesteps some complications linked with the move, knight to c6, and subsequent moves like bishop b5 leading to the Ruy Lopez. Yet, the d6 move does concede some developmental potential, particularly concerning the f8 bishop.

Theory table
.

'''1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6'''


text:
SQL Dialects Reference

Contents

 * 1) Introduction
 * 2) Data structure definition
 * 3) Data types
 * 4) Numeric types
 * 5) Character types
 * 6) Date and time types
 * 7) Binary types
 * 8) Large object types
 * 9) Misc types
 * 10) Delimited identifiers
 * 11) Auto-increment column
 * 12) Functions and expressions
 * 13) Math functions
 * 14) Trigonometric functions
 * 15) Numeric functions
 * 16) Aggregate functions
 * 17) Date and time functions
 * 18) String functions
 * 19) Misc expressions
 * 20) Select queries
 * 21) Subqueries
 * 22) Select without tables
 * 23) Limiting results of select query
 * 24) Hierarchical Queries
 * 25) Write queries
 * 26) Replace query
 * 27) Insert results from select query into existing table
 * 28) Save results from select query as new table
 * 29) Update returning
 * 30) /Transactions/
 * 31) Procedural language
 * 32) Stored procedures
 * 33) User-defined functions (UDFs)
 * 34) /SQL XML/
 * 35) /Administration/
 * 36) /References/

title: SQL Dialects Reference


text:
User talk:GreyCat

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

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Import Successful
The article you requested can be found at Transwiki:Comparison of SQL syntax. It should be moved into the main namespace... feel free to pick your book title :). I'm at your service if you need any further help or advice. -- SB_Johnny | talk 23:43, 15 December 2006 (UTC)

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The Staff 04:16, 19 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:GreyCat


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...d6/3. d4

=Philidor Defence= Black has now to deal with the dxe5 threat, but they have to be very careful as there are many traps here!

 * /3...Bg4/ is not a good idea. After 4. dxe5 Bxf3 5. Qxf3 (5. gxf3 dxe5 6. Qxd8+ Kxd8 is also good) dxe5 6. Bc4, White has a strong initiative.
 * /3...exd4/ is strange as Black gives up the center they tried to strengthen, but remains playable. In fact, it is likely the best line (leading to an equal position more easily). It is the most popular according to chessgames.com, with 1,328 games compared to 485 games with 3...Nf6.
 * /3...Nc6/ leaves Black in a little trouble after 4. Bb5.
 * /3...Nd7/, the Hanham Variation, is a path filled with traps after 4. Bc4, but may be playable if Black is careful enough.
 * /3...f5/, the Philidor counter-Gambit which is quite risky but may lead to victory, but usually leads to a clear advantage for white.
 * /3...Nf6/, the improved Hanham Variation. This is rather risky because of 4. dxe5!, where 4...dxe5 would lead to 5. Qxd8+, where Black loses castling rights.

Another option would be:
 * /3...f6/ However, this weakens the kingside and transposes to the Damiano defense (where white does not sacrifice his knight in the Damiano Defense, but instead plays d4. This is not a good idea.)

Theory table
.

'''1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4'''


text:
User:GreyCat

Interwiki

 * GreyCat at English wikipedia

Development
I've developed a simple comparison tables extension to ease viewing of comparison tables.

title: User:GreyCat


text:
SQL Dialects Reference/Data structure definition/Data types/Numeric types

 * }


text:
SQL Dialects Reference/Data structure definition/Data types/Character types

Character types

 * }

Notes:


text:
SQL Dialects Reference/Data structure definition/Data types/Date and time types

Date and time types

 * }


text:
SQL Dialects Reference/Data structure definition/Data types/Large object types

Large object types
Notes:
 * }


text:
SQL Dialects Reference/Data structure definition/Data types/Misc types

Misc types

 * }


text:
User talk:71.234.9.178

Xania 01:47, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Regarding edits made during January 30 2007
Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. If this is an IP address, and it is shared by multiple users, ignore this warning if you did not make any unconstructive edits. Az1568(Talk) 00:28, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikibooks.--Az1568(Talk) 00:30, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

This is your last warning. The next time you vandalize a page you will be blocked from editing Wikibooks. --Az1568(Talk) 00:31, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

Blocked

 * You have been temporarily blocked from editing for vandalism of Wikibooks. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires.--Az1568(Talk) 00:34, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

This user's contributions
'''Would any admin looking at this page bear in mind that there is vandalism and spamming on other wikis as well as here. Both Commons and Wikipedia have been hit by the IP and have blocked it. I suggest a minimum of three months on the next block -- Herby talk thyme 10:29, 31 January 2007 (UTC)'''

Reviewing this and taking info from a number of Wikis including Meta I think any further vandalism or spam from this IP should result in an indef block. I'll reflect and may apply it anyway -- Herby talk thyme 10:19, 1 February 2007 (UTC)

You have been temporarily blocked from editing Wikibooks as a result of your disruptive edits. You are free to make constructive edits after the block has expired, but please note that vandalism (including page blanking or addition of random text), spam, deliberate misinformation, privacy violations, personal attacks; and repeated, blatant violations of our neutral point of view policy will not be tolerated. 13:58, 8 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:71.234.9.178


text:
Cookbook:Browned Rice

| Rice

Ingredients

 * ½ cup (120 g) uncooked rice
 * 1 can beef consommé
 * ½ stick margarine
 * 1 small onion, chopped

Procedure

 * 1) Sauté onion in margarine over medium heat.
 * 2) Mix rice and consommé in a baking dish. Pour onion and margarine over rice and consommé and mix.
 * 3) Bake covered for 30 minutes at 350 °F (180 °C).
 * 4) Remove from oven, and add ½ can water over rice mixture.
 * 5) Cover and cook an additional 30 minutes.

title: Cookbook:Browned Rice


text:
Talk:Piano/Playing by Ear: Lesson 01

Would just like to say, its "Playing" by ear, not "Plaing" by ear :-) 60.241.4.138 02:30, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Additionally... where is the midi? 68.205.240.133 11:20, 8 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Piano/Playing by Ear: Lesson 01


text:
User talk:75.132.124.229

Xania 02:40, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:75.132.124.229


text:
User talk:69.245.100.137

Xania 02:40, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:69.245.100.137


text:
General Mechanics/The Uneven Dumbbell

The kinetic energy and angular momentum of the dumbbell may be split into two parts, one having to do with the motion of the center of mass of the dumbbell, the other having to do with the motion of the dumbbell relative to its center of mass.

To do this we first split the position vectors into two parts. The centre of mass is at.

 * $$\mathbf{R}=\frac{M_1 \mathbf{r}_1 + M_2 \mathbf{r}_2}{M_1+M_2}$$

so we can define new position vectors, giving the position of the masses relative to the centre of mass, as shown.

 * $$\mathbf{r}^*_1=\mathbf{r}_1-\mathbf{R} \quad

\mathbf{r}^*_2=\mathbf{r}_2-\mathbf{R}$$

The total kinetic energy is
 * $$\begin{matrix}K & = & \frac{1}{2}M_1 V_1^2 &+ & \frac{1}{2}M_2 V_2^2 \\

& = & \frac{1}{2}M_1 |\mathbf{V}-\mathbf{v}^*_1|^2  &+ & \frac{1}{2}M_2 |\mathbf{V}-\mathbf{v}^*_2|^2\\ & = & \frac{1}{2}(M_1+M_2)V^2 & + & \frac{1}{2}M_1 {v^*_1}^2 + \frac{1}{2}M_2 {v^*_2}^2 \\ & = & K_{ext} & + & K_{int}\\ \end{matrix} $$

which is the sum of the kinetic energy the dumbbell would have if both masses were concentrated at the center of mass, the translational kinetic energy and the kinetic energy it would have if it were observed from a reference frame in which the center of mass is stationary, the rotational kinetic energy.

The total angular momentum can be similarly split up
 * $$\begin{matrix}

\mathbf{L} & = & \mathbf{L}_{orb} & + & \mathbf{L}_{spin}\\ & = & (M_1+M_2)\mathbf{R}\times \mathbf{V} & + & (M_1\mathbf{r}^*_1 \times \mathbf{v}^*_1 + M_2\mathbf{r}^*_2 \times \mathbf{v}^*_2) \end{matrix}$$

into the sum of the angular momentum the system would have if all the mass were concentrated at the center of mass, the orbital angular momentum, and the angular momentum of motion about the center of mass, the spin angular momentum.

We can therefore assume the centre of mass to be fixed.

Since ω is enough to describe the dumbbells motion, it should be enough to determine the angular momentum and internal kinetic energy. We will try writing both of these in terms of ω First we use two results from earlier
 * $$\mathbf{L}=\mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{v} \quad \mbox{and} \quad \mathbf{v}=\boldsymbol{\omega} \times \mathbf{r}$$

to write the angular momentum in terms of the angular velocity

$$ \begin{matrix} \mathbf{L} & = & M_1\mathbf{r}^*_1 \times \mathbf{v}^*_1 & + & M_2\mathbf{r}^*_2 \times \mathbf{v}^*_2\\ & = & M_1\mathbf{r}^*_1 \times (\boldsymbol{\omega} \times \mathbf{r}^*_1) & + & M_2\mathbf{r}^*_2 \times (\boldsymbol{\omega} \times \mathbf{r}^*_2)\\ & = & M_1 \left( \boldsymbol{\omega} \left( \mathbf{r}^*_1 \cdot \mathbf{r}^*_1\right) - \mathbf{r}^*_1 \left( \mathbf{r}^*_1 \cdot \boldsymbol{\omega} \right)\right) & + & M_2 \left( \boldsymbol{\omega} \left( \mathbf{r}^*_2 \cdot \mathbf{r}^*_2\right) - \mathbf{r}^*_2 \left( \mathbf{r}^*_2 \cdot \boldsymbol{\omega}\right) \right)\\ & = & M_1 \left( \boldsymbol{\omega} d_1^2 - \mathbf{r}^*_1 \left( \mathbf{r}^*_1 \cdot \boldsymbol{\omega} \right)\right) & + & M_2 \left( \boldsymbol{\omega} d_2^2 - \mathbf{r}^*_2 \left( \mathbf{r}^*_2 \cdot \boldsymbol{\omega}\right) \right) \\ & = & (M_1d_1^2+M_2d_2^2) \boldsymbol{\omega} & - & \left (M_1 \mathbf{r}^*_1\left( \mathbf{r}^*_1\cdot \boldsymbol{\omega}\right) + M_2 \mathbf{r}^*_2\left( \mathbf{r}^*_2\cdot \boldsymbol{\omega}\right) \right) \end{matrix}$$

The first term in the angular momentum is proportional to the angular velocity, as might be expected, but the second term is not.

What this means becomes clearer if we look at the components of L For notational convenience we'll write
 * $$\mathbf{r}^*_1 = (x_1, y_1, z_1) \quad \mathbf{r}^*_2 = (x_2, y_2, z_2)

$$

These six numbers are constants, reflecting the geometry of the dumbbell.

 * $$\begin{matrix}

L_x & = & (M_1d_1^2+M_2d_2^2)\omega_x - (M_1 x_1^2+M_2 x_2^2)\omega_x \\ & &  -(M_1 x_1 y_1+M_2 x_2 y_2)\omega_y -  (M_1 x_1 z_1+M_2 x_2 z_2)\omega_z \\ L_y & = & (M_1d_1^2+M_2d_2^2)\omega_y -  (M_1 x_1^2+M_2 x_2^2)\omega_y \\ & & -(M_1 x_1 y_1+M_2 x_2 y_2)\omega_x -  (M_1 y_1 z_1+M_2 y_2 z_2)\omega_z \\ L_z & = & (M_1d_1^2+M_2d_2^2)\omega_z -(M_1 x_1^2+M_2 x_2^2)\omega_z \\ & & -(M_1 x_1 z_1+M_2 x_2 z_2)\omega_x - (M_1 y_1 z_1+M_2 y_2 z_2)\omega_y \\ \end{matrix}$$

This, we recognise as being a matrix multiplication.

\begin{pmatrix} L_x \\ L_y \\ L_z \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} I_{xx} & I_{xy} & I_{xz} \\ I_{yx} & I_{yy} & I_{yz} \\ I_{zx} & I_{zy} & I_{zz} \end{pmatrix} \begin{pmatrix} \omega_x \\ \omega_y \\ \omega_z \end{pmatrix} $$

where

$$ \begin{pmatrix} I_{xx} & I_{xy} & I_{xz} \\ I_{yx} & I_{yy} & I_{yz} \\ I_{zx} & I_{zy} & I_{zz} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} M_1(d_1^2-x_1^2)+M_2(d_2^2-x_2^2) & -(M_1 x_1 y_1 + M_2 x_2 y_2) & -(M_1 x_1 z_1+M_2 x_2 z_2) \\ -(M_1 x_1 y_1 + M_2 x_2 y_2) & M_1(d_1^2-y_1^2)+M_2(d_2^2-y_2^2) & -(M_1 y_1 z_1+M_2 y_2 z_2) \\ -(M_1 x_1 z_1 + M_2 x_2 z_2) & -(M_1 y_1 z_1+M_2 y_2 z_2) & M_1(d_1^2-z_1^2)+M_2(d_2^2-z_2^2) \end{pmatrix} $$

The nine coefficients of the matrix I are called moments of inertia.

By choosing our axis carefully we can make this matrix diagonal. E.g. if
 * $$\mathbf{r}^*_1 = (d_1, 0, 0) \quad \mathbf{r}^*_2 = (-d_2, 0, 0) $$

then

\begin{pmatrix} I_{xx} & I_{xy} & I_{xz} \\ I_{yx} & I_{yy} & I_{yz} \\ I_{zx} & I_{zy} & I_{zz} \end{pmatrix} = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & M_1 d_1^2 +M_2 d_2^2 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & M_1 d_1^2 +M_2 d_2^2 \end{pmatrix} $$

Because the dumbbell is aligned along the x-axis, rotating it around that axis has no effect.

The relationship between the kinetic energy, T, and ω quickly follows.

 * $$\begin{matrix}

2T & = & M_1 {v^*_1}^2 & + &  M_2 {v^*_2}^2\\ & = & M_1 \mathbf{v}^*_1 \cdot (\boldsymbol{\omega} \times \mathbf{r}^*_1) & + & M_1 \mathbf{v}^*_2 \cdot (\boldsymbol{\omega} \times \mathbf{r}^*_2) \\ & = & M_1 \boldsymbol{\omega} \cdot (\mathbf{r}^*_1 \times \mathbf{v}^*_1) & + & M_2 \boldsymbol{\omega} \cdot (\mathbf{r}^*_2 \times \mathbf{v}^*_2) \end{matrix}$$

On the right hand side we immediately recognise the definition of angular momentum.

 * $$T=\frac{1}{2} \boldsymbol{\omega} \cdot \mathbf{L}$$

Substituting for L gives

 * $$T=\frac{1}{2} \boldsymbol{\omega}\mathbf{I}\boldsymbol{\omega}$$

Using the definition
 * $$\boldsymbol{\omega} = \omega \mathbf{n} \quad

\mathbf{n} \cdot \mathbf{n}=1 $$

this reduces to

 * $$T=\frac{1}{2} I \omega^2 $$

where the moment of inertia around the axis n is

 * $$I=\mathbf{n} \mathbf{I} \mathbf{n} $$

a constant.

If the dumbbell is aligned along the x-axis as before we get
 * $$T=\frac{1}{2} (M_1 d_1^2 +M_2 d_2^2) (\omega_y^2+\omega_z^2)$$

These equations of rotational dynamics are similar to those for linear dynamics, except that I is a matrix rather than a scalar.

title: General Mechanics/The Uneven Dumbbell


text:
Talk:Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Health and Science/Basic Rescue

It would be nice to get some non-military illustrations - pictures perhaps - of the carries, etc.

Editing Requirements
The requirements for the honors should not be changed. They are voted by various committees. Even though the answers list a different number of items, the requirement officially reads six, not seven. This Wikibook attempts to maintain the official version of the requirements.


text:
Unicode

The objective of this book is to maintain a reference to Unicode encoding and anything related to Unicode specification.

This book is necessary because, although the articles here about Unicode reference were removed from Wikipedia and Wikisource, this standard is widely used by IT technologies and a reference is very necessary.

Introduction
Unicode is an industry standard whose goal is to provide the means by which text of all forms and languages can be encoded for use by computers through a single character set. Originally, text-characters were represented in computers using byte-wide data: each printable character (and many non-printing, or "control" characters) were implemented using a single byte each, which allowed for 256 characters total. However, globalization has created a need for computers to be able to accommodate many different alphabets (and other writing systems) from around the world in an interchangeable way.

The old encodings in use included ASCII or EBCDIC, but it was apparent that they were not capable of handling all the different characters and alphabets from around the world. The solution to this problem was to create a set of "wide" 16-bit characters that would theoretically be able to accommodate most international language characters. This new charset was first known as the Universal Character Set (UCS), and later standardized as Unicode. However, after the first versions of the Unicode standard it became clear that 65,535 (216) characters would still not be enough to represent every character from all scripts in existence, so the standard was amended to add sixteen supplementary planes of 65,536 characters each, thus bringing the total number of representable code points to 1,114,112. To this date, less than 10% of that space is in use.

Table of Contents

 * /Character reference/
 * /Encodings/
 * /Implementations/
 * /Versions/
 * /List of useful symbols/

Links

 * Characters Ordered by Unicode

Coder avec Unicode

Unicode 17.0

 * Some additional ideographs (total 8 characters) will be added to Tangut. (U+187F8-U+187FF)
 * Additional ideographs (total 20 characters) will be added to Tangut Supplement. (U+18D09-U+18D1C)
 * Kana Katakana to Hiragana Small Ki Ku Sa Si Su Se and So (total 55 characters) will be added to Small Kana Extension. (U+1B130-U+1B153-U+1B154-1B16D)
 * Stein Zimmerman Symbols, Digit Slash Symbols, and other Symbols (total 23 characters) will be added to Musical Symbols. (U+1D127-U+1D128, U+1D1EB-U+1D1F6, U+1D1F7-U+1D1FF)
 * (total 6 characters) will be added to Symbols for Legacy Computing Supplement. (U+1CCFA-U+1CCFC, U+1CEBA-1CEBF)
 * Historical asteroid symbols (total 4 characters) will be added to Alchemical Symbols. (U+1F777-U+1F77A)
 * Chemical symbols (total 9 characters) will be added to Supplemental Arrows-C. (U+1F8D0-U+1F8D8)
 * White and Black Chess Ferz and Alfil (total 4 characters) will be added to Chess Symbols. (U+1FA54-U+1FA57)
 * An alarm bell symbol (total 1 character) will be added to Symbols for Legacy Computing. (U+1FBFA)

title: Unicode


text:
Template:Unicode page

/Templates

title: Template:Unicode page


text:
Talk:Windows XP/Security Software

Also check out Computers_for_Beginners/Security (similar topic, has material that would fit nicely).

Referenced tools/programs can be free or proprietary.

General notes
What follows will find a place in the wikibook if actually useful for a novice user.

Managing passwords is important for security.
 * Random letters and numbers are hard to remember, and do not improve security (Prof. Ross Anderson dixit)
 * Another suggestion would be to use word initials in a long sentence.
 * Bruce Schneier suggested making a note of a complex password and keeping it in your wallet. Contrariwise, stick-em-up's attached to a computer screen with a password written on them are questionable.

Computer security does not only deal with malware, but also with preventing data loss (how to make backups in WinXP?) Redundancy using RAIDs?

There are also side-channel attacks like Tempest (electromagnetic leakage of information, e.g. the contents of a computer screen) but they are a bit far-fetched for a home user.

Trying to make sense of definitions:

Malware (malicious software) is a generic term for software that does something sneaky. It can be a virus (replicates on your file system), worm (spreads over a network), dialer (worst case scenario: silently drops your connection, dials a premium-rate number, and changes your dialup parameters to always use that number. Luckily ADSL and cable connections are immune; your phone company may also give you the option to block certain calls, and/or be obliged by law [?] to refund you if you have been cheated in this way), browser hijacker (changes the browser home page: typically a search portal with pay-per-click links or something more unpleasant; may lock it from changes, may reset it at every reboot), backdoor (RAT, remote access trojan), keylogger (intercepts passwords and credit card numbers as you type them, sent elsewhere along with screenshots), botnet client (DDoS attacks, spam relayers), macro virus (written in a [human-readable?] macro language, works only when executed by the host program; since it depends only on that program's macro features it may be multi-platform), rootkit (stealth techniques, "sits" between the system and the user and gives false information about the system, e.g. hiding files)

 * Is a logic bomb simply a payload-carrying malware?
 * A trojan (horse) is not a specific type of malware but more of a packaging format (tries to deceive you into activating it, requires user intervention like opening an email attachment).
 * A malformed data file may act as a dropper (it contains malicious code that exploits a buffer overflow or similar bug to execute when the file is opened by its associated program)

Deception is an important part of any war.
 * spyware, steal/thiefware: ... jargon?
 * "ransomware" recently appeared: it extorts money by locking you from your data (e.g. encrypting or deleting a file every 30 minutes). You are forced to transfer money on some bank account to make it stop. Backups should work. Although the actual implementations had weak cryptography, expect them to get better.
 * Bogus "anti-spyware": claims to remove evil spyware, but actually a hoax (to make a quick buck) or a trojan installer. It may be bundled with spyware, and actually remove spyware and then install other spyware. The "bad guys" are cheating each other too.

 * "ActiveX vulnerabilities? ActiveX is a vulnerability" [?].

 * Malware is an excellent reason to avoid porn/casino sites, even if you like them. And monitor what your children are doing on the Internet!

How you could get infected: In the olden days of DOS (before the availability of the Internet), floppy disks (and Bulletin Board Systems, reminiscent of today's FTP servers) with, say, copies of pirated software were the only vehicles for viruses. You either executed an infected program or accidentally left a disk in your floppy drive while booting the system (boot sector viruses). Viruses were constrained in size because of limited memory (in DOS real mode, 8080-CPU compatible, programs could only use the first 640KB of RAM).

These days are long gone. ...

USB Memory sticks can perform a data transferal using DMA (Direct Memory Access). [TODO:explain it better...] Until this vulnerability is fixed, you shouldn't out of curiosity plug in anything you find lying around...

To find out if a program has been trojaned: compare its digital fingerprint with the expected one (use SHA-1, flaws have been found in MD5). If they differ, the downloaded file is either corrupt or not what you expect it to be.

Passwords
Worth a mention that there are a number of free password programs out there that (AFAIK) offer good password security? -- Herby talk thyme 09:04, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Good morning, Herby! Probably worth it. I only tried Password Safe some time ago but didn't like it because it wasn't flexible (mandatory 5-min password expiration, obfuscation). At home my security requirements are not so demanding. BTW, I usually write my passwords h4x0r style, do you think that is good practice? Tortoise 09:39, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Use Keepass myself - a year or so back I realised it was getting out of hand (using the same password for almost everything) so wandered around the web a bit and found that one best for me. A site that probably got me most interested in comp security would be www.grc.com - first thing I do on a new machine is check shieldsup.  BTW what timezone are you (tho won't be around now for a couple of hours)?
 * When I get time I think I'll do a "browser" bit (something I feel strongly that people should understand better) - subpage maybe? -- Herby talk thyme 09:48, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Perhaps you could write about the password programs since you seem to have more experience. My timezone is +01:00 GMT (Italy), yours? Tortoise 10:32, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Hum - the problem is as always - time. By comparison to some things I am quite passionate about computer security.  As you say there are different issues comparing home and work - I trust me!  I'll look at the password issue.
 * I do think browsers are something that should be addressed. Just because a machine arrived with IE doesn't make it right.  I am basically anti MS however the point is more that exploits will be more often/easily found in IE.  These days FF (with spellcheck) and some extension such as Noscript combined with a well loaded HOSTS file can make clicking on links a much less risky business.  When I evaluate links here for spam/appropriateness if they don't load as a result of the HOSTS file I remove them anyway for others safety.
 * FWIW this is one I really like - - deals in a very elegant neat way with services & startup items (IMO).
 * I'm UK based. You've done good work on that article, I hope you stick around and keep contributing - let me know if I can help and I will try and contribute to the page myself -- Herby  talk thyme 12:50, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

If you meant to point me to the 'Starter' Program, have a look at http://www.sysinternals.com ... (gosh, Microsoft acquired them in July... but the programs are still there). I'm not sure what you mean with doing the 'Services' subpage together... I don't like to casually write about something I know little about. Tortoise 16:57, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

@Herby: Sorry for disappearing, my ADSL connection stopped working today (seems ISP's fault). Since you have little time don't worry about style, just list facts you know somewhere (or give pointers). And don't feel compelled to dedicate hours on end to the wikibook -- have a life (I hope you don't find this offensive). BTW I never logged out before disconnecting, does this mean I appeared to be online forever? Tortoise 19:16, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Style?
Just wondering if standardising the style would be good - after I'd done mine in the form of something to be typed I realised you had done it a little differently. Fell free to change mine or talk it thro. Lunch where you are sounds waaay better than what I just had! -- Herby talk thyme 13:32, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

Not sure... I never seem to make up my mind. Samples:
 * 1) Type   and then choose Yes.
 * 2) Type "format c: /q" and then choose Yes. (bad style I think)
 * 3) Type format c: /q and then choose Yes.

Ah, got it. We'll use your style. Quickly typed and can be easily changed later using a text search. Tortoise 14:29, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Windows XP/Security Software


text:
User talk:Filbertman

Your contributions
Hi - I notice that you have made some extensive contributions to a Cookbook page. Please be aware that no copyrighting is possible on Wikibooks. I wll review the page and images later but it is possible that these will need to be deleted as copyright violations. Equally external links should not be required on most Wikibook pages. I will get back to you -- Herby talk thyme 08:08, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

response
Oh, they images do belong to me and they are free to be published as long as I am credited. I guess copyright is not the correct term since I'd like them to be on some sort of public license. I think BSD is the appropriate one, but i'm not sure. any advice would be appreciated. --Filbertman 08:26, 16 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah - first thing for me here so on review I see that (& the fact that the stuff on the page had a copyright symbol before you got to it). I'll look into it as the day (for me) goes on - licensing is not my strong point but I will get back to you - thanks for responding and contributing -- Herby  talk thyme 08:48, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

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 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 08:48, 16 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Filbertman


text:
Unicode/Implementations

This page is a list of pages about specific Unicode implementations.

Windows

title: Unicode/Implementations