text:
XQuery/DBpedia with SPARQL - Football teams

DBpedia is a project to convert the contents of Wikipedia to RDF so that it can be linked into other datasets to add to the Semantic Web. A SPARQL endpoint is provided to query this database.

SPARQL to KML
This application uses DBpedia to create a kml file showing the birth places of the members of a selected UK Football team. Data quality is limited by a number of factors:
 * the age of the Wikipedia extract on which DBpedia is based
 * the existence or non-existence of individual pages in Wikipedia for players
 * the consistency of property labeling on Wikipedia infoboxes

SPARQL Query
declare variable $query := " PREFIX geo:  PREFIX p:           SELECT * WHERE {       ?player p:currentclub  .      OPTIONAL {?player p:cityofbirth ?city}.      OPTIONAL {?player p:dateOfBirth ?dob}.      OPTIONAL {?player p:clubnumber ?no}.      OPTIONAL {?player p:position ?position}.      OPTIONAL {?player p:image ?image}.      OPTIONAL {               { ?city geo:long ?long. }                 UNION               { ?city p:redirect ?city2.                 ?city2 geo:long ?long.               }.        }.       OPTIONAL {               { ?city geo:lat ?lat.}                 UNION               { ?city p:redirect ?city3.                 ?city3 geo:lat ?lat.               }.         }.   } ";

This query is complicated by the need to handle possible redirection of the city name - (can this be improved - this is a generic problem?). To obtain more complete data, the query should also handle the multiple synonyms used for place and date of birth

Changes to dbpedia lead to a short life for queries based om the data-model and vocabulary. As of Jan 2011, the query is being updated. Currently to get locations and birthdates for the current players at Arsenal, the following query seems to work.

PREFIX geo:  PREFIX p:  PREFIX dbpedia-owl:  SELECT * WHERE {  p:name ?player. ?player dbpedia-owl:birthPlace ?city; dbpedia-owl:birthDate ?dob. ?city geo:long ?long; geo:lat ?lat. }

However this yields multiple geocoded locations, of which it can be assumed that the first is most specific (but not possible ? to filter in SPARQL).

DBpedia Query
The prototype SPARQL query is targeted on Arsenal_F.C. This team name needs to be replaced by the supplied team name, the query then URI-encoded and passed to the DBpedia SPARQL endpoint.

let $club := request:get-parameter ("club","Arsenal_F.C.") let $queryx := replace($query,"Arsenal_F.C.",$club)

Aside: Initially, the query was written with a generic placeholder ($team) rather than a protypical value (Arsenal_F.C.). The prototype idiom has the benefit of providing an executable SPARQL query without editing, is more expressive and less tricky - the $ in $team needs escaping in the replace expression since the second argument is a regular expression.

Execute the SPARQL Query
This query uses the SPARQL endpoint provided by the Virtuoso engine. The format of the result is defined to be XML i.e. the SPARQL Query Result format. A function tidies up the interface:

declare function local:execute-sparql($query as xs:string) { let $sparql := concat("http://dbpedia.org/sparql?format=xml&default-graph-uri=http://dbpedia.org&query=",                  encode-for-uri($query)                  ) return doc($sparql) };

DBpedia Result
The result is in SPARQL Query Results XML format. It is more convenient to convert this generic format to tuples with named elements for later processing.

declare namespace r = "http://www.w3.org/2005/sparql-results#";

declare function local:sparql-to-tuples($rdfxml ) { for $result in $rdfxml//r:result return { for $binding in $result/r:binding return if ($binding/r:uri) then  element {$binding/@name}  { attribute type {"uri"} , string($binding/r:uri) }                else   element {$binding/@name}  { attribute type {$binding/r:literal/@datatype}, string($binding/r:literal) }            } };

Query to Tuples
let $result:= local:execute-sparql($queryx) let $tuples := local:sparql-to-tuples($result)

KML output
Since we are generating kml, we need to set the media type and file name and create a Document node - in the appropriate places in the script: declare option exist:serialize "method=xhtml media-type=application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml highlight-matches=none";

let $x := response:set-header('Content-disposition',concat('Content-disposition: inline;filename=',$team,'.kml;'))

return  Birthplaces of players in the  {$team} squad    http://maps.google.com/mapfiles/kml/pal2/icon49.png    .....

The icon is a stock GoogleEarth footballer icon.

Document construction
Due to the multiple values for some of the properties, for example cityofbirth is often expressed as an address path, there are multiple tuples for each player. These need grouping and compressing. Here we use the XQuery idiom which uses distinct-values to get a set of player names, and then accesses groups of rows with the name as the key. This scripts takes a simplistic approach of using only the first of multiple tuples which contains a latitude, pending a better resolution of the multiple cityofbirth values.

We are only interested in players whose place of birth has been geo-coded, so we filter for tuples with a latitude element:

{    for $playername in distinct-values($tuples[lat]/player) let $player := $tuples[player=$playername][lat][1]

Data cleanup
The wikiPedia data needs some clean-up before being usable in the kml. A generic clean function decodes the uri-encoded characters, removes some irrelevant text and replaces underscores with spaces. ( this hack needs improving )

declare function local:clean($text) { let $text:= util:unescape-uri($text,"UTF-8") let $text := replace($text,"http://dbpedia.org/resource/","") let $text := replace($text,"\(.*\)","") let $text := replace($text,"Football__positions#","") let $text := replace($text,"#",",") let $text := replace($text,"_"," ") return $text };

let $name := local:clean($player/player) let $city :=local:clean($player/city) let $position := local:clean($player/position)

Data typing
The date of birth is in the form xs:date, but is optional. If the value is a valid date, it is converted to a more readable form using an eXist function:

let $dob := if ($player/dob castable as xs:date) then datetime:format-date(xs:date($player/dob),"dd MMM, yyyy" ) else ""

Similarly for the position number which should be an xs:integer:

let $no := if ($player/no castable as xs:integer) then concat(" [# ", xs:integer($player/no) ,"] ") else ""

The latitude and longitude should be xs:decimal. Since sometimes several players in a team come from the same place, the mapped positions are dithered a little.

let $lat :=xs:decimal($player/lat) + (math:random - 0.5)* 0.01 let $long :=xs:decimal($player/long) + (math:random - 0.5)* 0.01

Placemark Construction
The body of the Placemark description will contain XHTML markup to display an image if there is one and to link to the DBpedia page. The XML needs to be serialised to a string for GoogleMap to render the description in a pop-up:

let $description := {concat ($position, $no, " born ", $dob, " in ", $city)} DBpedia                Google Images {if ($player/image !="") then  else }           order by $name return <Placemark> {$name} {util:serialize($description,"method=xhtml")} <Point> {concat($long, ",",$lat,",0")} </Point>  </Placemark> }

Execute
Map of Arsenal players:

 * generate the kml
 * link to GoogleMaps

Note that the q parameter is URI-encoded.

Complete Script
(: generate a sparql query on the dbpedia server  This takes a team name  and generates a kml file showing the birth place of the players

declare namespace r = "http://www.w3.org/2005/sparql-results#"; declare variable $query := " PREFIX geo: <http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#> PREFIX : <http://dbpedia.org/resource/> PREFIX p: <http://dbpedia.org/property/>          SELECT * WHERE {       ?player p:currentclub  <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Arsenal_F.C.>.      OPTIONAL {?player p:cityofbirth ?city}.       OPTIONAL {?player p:birth ?dob}.      OPTIONAL {?player p:clubnumber ?no}.      OPTIONAL {?player p:position ?position}.      OPTIONAL {?player p:image ?image}.      OPTIONAL {               { ?city geo:long ?long. }                 UNION               { ?city p:redirect ?city2.                 ?city2 geo:long ?long.               }.        }.       OPTIONAL {               { ?city geo:lat ?lat.}                 UNION               { ?city p:redirect ?city3.                 ?city3 geo:lat ?lat.               }.         }.   } ";

declare function local:execute-sparql($query as xs:string) { let $sparql := concat("http://dbpedia.org/sparql?format=xml&default-graph-uri=http://dbpedia.org&query=",                  encode-for-uri($query)                   ) return doc($sparql) };

declare function local:sparql-to-tuples($rdfxml ) { for $result in $rdfxml//r:result return { for $binding in $result/r:binding return if ($binding/r:uri) then  element {$binding/@name}  { attribute type {"uri"} , string($binding/r:uri) }                    else   element {$binding/@name}  { attribute type {$binding/@datatype}, string($binding/r:literal) }            } };

declare function local:clean($text) { let $text:= util:unescape-uri($text,"UTF-8") let $text := replace($text,"http://dbpedia.org/resource/","") let $text := replace($text,"\(.*\)","") let $text := replace($text,"Football__positions#","") let $text := replace($text,"#",",") let $text := replace($text,"_"," ") return $text };

declare option exist:serialize "method=xhtml media-type=application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml highlight-matches=none";

let $club := request:get-parameter ("club","Arsenal_F.C.") let $queryx := replace($query,"Arsenal_F.C.",$club) let $result:= local:execute-sparql($queryx) let $tuples := local:sparql-to-tuples($result)

let $x := response:set-header('Content-disposition',concat('Content-disposition: inline;filename=',$club,'.kml;'))

return

<Document> Birthplaces of  {local:clean($club)} players  {$result} {    for $playername in distinct-values($tuples[lat]/player) let $player := $tuples[player=$playername][lat][1] let $name := local:clean($player/player) let $city :=local:clean($player/city) let $position := local:clean($player/position)

let $dob := if ($player/dob castable as xs:date) then datetime:format-date(xs:date($player/dob),"dd MMM, yyyy" ) else "" let $no := if ($player/no castable as xs:integer) then concat(" [# ", xs:integer($player/no),"] ") else "" let $lat := if ($player/lat castable as xs:decimal) then xs:decimal($player/lat) + (math:random - 0.5)*0.01  else "" let $long := if ($player/long castable as xs:decimal) then xs:decimal($player/long) + (math:random  -0.5)* 0.01  else "" let $description := {concat ($position, $no, " born ", $dob, " in ", $city)} DBpedia   Google Images {if ($player/image !="") then   else } order by $name return <Placemark> {$name} {util:serialize($description,"method=xhtml")} <Point> {concat($long, ",",$lat,",0")} </Point>  </Placemark> } </Document>

Club Index
We also need an index page, selecting all Clubs in the major English and Scottish leagues. This script follows the same lines as the more complex script above, except that due to the simpler data, the raw SPARQL result is used without transformation.

The index is sorted alphabetically by club name and provides links to the player map and to the base DBpedia data.

XQuery Script
declare option exist:serialize "method=xhtml media-type=text/html"; declare namespace r = "http://www.w3.org/2005/sparql-results#";

declare variable $query := " PREFIX : <http://dbpedia.org/resource/> PREFIX p: <http://dbpedia.org/property/> SELECT * WHERE {     ?club p:league ?league.     { ?club  p:league :Premier_League.}     UNION     {?club p:league  :Football_League_One.}     UNION     {?club p:league  :Football_League_Two.}     UNION     {?club p:league  :Scottish_Premier_League.}      UNION     {?club p:league  :Football_League_Championship.}   } "; declare function local:execute-sparql($query as xs:string) { let $sparql := concat("http://dbpedia.org/sparql?format=xml&default-graph-uri=http://dbpedia.org&query=",escape-uri($query,true) ) return doc($sparql) };

declare function local:clean($string as xs:string) as xs:string { let $string := util:unescape-uri($string,"UTF-8") let $string := replace($string,"\(.*\)","") let $string := replace($string,"_"," ") return $string };

England and Scottish Football Clubs

Club Index
Club Index


text:
User talk:Nsousa

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 18:16, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Nsousa


text:
User talk:Medic (Usurped)

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 18:17, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Medic (Usurped)


text:
User talk:Pulszar

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 18:17, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pulszar


text:
User talk:Yabidi

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 18:17, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yabidi


text:
User talk:TreborA

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 18:17, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:TreborA


text:
VHDL for FPGA Design/T Flip Flop

Generated Symbol

VHDL-kieli FPGA-suunnittelussa/T-kiikku

title: VHDL for FPGA Design/T Flip Flop


text:
Wikijunior:Bugs/Aphid

What does it look like?
Aphids are small, pear-shaped insects with small heads and long antennae. Their length ranges from 1/16 inch to 3/8 inch. Some adults have wings, while others do not. The color of their soft bodies may green, yellow, brown, red or black. Some are even pink or lavender. The color depends on the species and the kinds of plants they eat.

Their long, slender mouthparts are adapted for piercing plant parts. A pair of wax-secreting cornicles (little horns) project from the back of the abdomen. Cornicles are a unique feature that distinguishes aphids from other insects. The secretions cause the body surface of some aphid species to appear waxy or woolly.

Green Apple Aphids are relatively small, growing to a length of about 1/8 inch. In spring and summer they are bright green. Their heads are sometimes yellowish and their legs are dark. Rosy Apple Aphids are between 1/16 inch and 1/8 inch in length. They have a wingless form that is rosy brown to purplish in color. The winged form is brownish to brownish-green. Both wingless and winged forms are often covered with whitish powder.

Rose, Pea, and Potato Aphids grow to about 1/8 inch long. They are pear-shaped with light to medium green or pink coloring. They have a darker green or pink midline stripe or have green and pink patches.

Root Aphids are about 1/8 inch long. Their wingless form is checkered yellow and dark colors. Their winged form is usually black. Both wingless and winged Root Aphids are often covered with whitish dust.

Cloudy-winged Cottonwood Aphids also grow to about 1/8 inch in length. They are yellow-green, green-black or blackish-brown in color. Their wings have gray or white cloudlike patterns. The nymphs of this species are translucent amber in color.

Giant Willow Aphids can be up to ¼ inch long. They are brown with black spots. They have a covering of waxy white dust that makes them appear gray. The nymph stage is translucent amber.

Where does it live?
Aphids are found almost everywhere. They are usually part of a large group known as a colony. The undersides of tender leaves on trees and shrubs provide a home for aphid colonies. Green Apple Aphids were introduced from Europe in Colonial times. Their habitat is in orchards throughout North America. Rosy Apple Aphids live wherever apple trees grow. Rose, Pea, and Potato Aphids live in crop fields, gardens, and meadows throughout the United States and Canada. Root Aphids are found in trees and on roots of plants, such as asters and goldenrod, that grow in meadows. They also live on crop plants such as alfalfa, wheat and beets.

Cloudy-winged Cottonwood Aphids are found in cottonwood and poplar groves. They range from Montana to New Mexico and west to California. Giant Willow Aphids live in willow groves. They usually live in large colonies near ground level. Rosy Apple Aphids live in orchards in the United States and Canada.

What does it eat?
Almost every plant has one or more aphid species which occasionally feed on it. Aphids feed on the juices of plant stems, leaves, and flowers. Green Apple Aphids feed on the sap of apple or pear trees. Rosy Apple Aphids feed on juices of apples or plantains depending on the season. Cloudy-winged Cotonwood Aphids eat sap of poplar or cottonwood trees. Giant Willow Aphids feed on juices of willow trees.

After aphids feed on a plant, they produce sugary, sticky waste called. honeydew. The sugar in honeydew attracts other insects like yellow-jackets that feed on it.

How does it defend itself?
Among aphid enemies are ladybug beetles, fire beetles, and parasitic wasps. Lacewing insects, nicknamed “aphid lions” or “aphid wolves” also feed on them.

Aphids secrete wax from their cornicles. The wax entangles mouthparts and legs of attackers. It may also protect aphids from moisture. Giant Willow Aphids raise their hind legs high above the abdomen and kick vigorously to deter their enemies.

Some ant species are attracted to the sweet, sap-like liquid secreted by aphids. It is called “honeydew” and is valuable to ants as glue for their nests. Ants protect aphid colonies and “milk” them for honeydew.

Camouflage protects some species. Male Green Apple Aphids are grayish yellow and females are dark green. They blend into their surroundings to avoid predators. In the fall, they lay pale green eggs on tree branches. Over winter the eggs turn shiny black to blend with twigs. They hatch when the leaves burst open in spring. The spring and summer color of the Green Apple Aphid is bright green like new foliage.

What stages of metamorphosis does it go through?
Aphids undergo simple metamorphosis. Females produce eggs without fertilization. The eggs hatch in spring and mature as wingless females. Generations of wingless females are born and mature. During this stage, there are no male aphids. In summer, a generation of winged females is born. In the fall, these produce wingless males and egg-laying females, which mate, and the cycle begins again.

Adult female aphids are capable of producing 40 to 60 offspring. Huge aphid colonies build rapidly. A mere dozen aphid “colonizers” can produce hundreds to thousands of aphids on a plant in a few weeks.

What special behavior does it exhibit?
Aphids remember where the first colony of their ancestors was born. When the last generation of winged females is born, it can find and return to the very plant where the first colony of wingless female eggs was hatched.

How does this bug affect people?
The huge colonies that aphids produce make them the most destructive of all plant eating insects. Rosy Apple Aphids ruin orchards. Their colonies cause tree leaves to curl and fruit to become gnarled and ripen early. Aphid colonies transmit viruses and spread plant diseases. American Lupin Aphids carry yellow mosaic and other viruses. Green Peach Aphids are known to transmit 150 different kinds of viruses.

Uncontrolled, aphids reproduce so rapidly that entire crops can be destroyed in a short period of time. People often try to find nonchemical ways to control them and make them useful. On mature trees in citrus orchards, aphids and the honeydew they produce attract beneficial insects. Some people like the taste of honeydew and include it as part of their diets. In the Near East the sweetness of honeydew is used in candy making.

Aphids produce honeydew which coats leaves and makes a sticky mess on leaves, outdoor furniture, and car windshields. It is generally harmless, but sometimes sooty mold will grow between leaves that are stuck together with honeydew.

title: Wikijunior:Bugs/Aphid


text:
User talk:201.220.222.140

Xania talk 20:25, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:201.220.222.140


text:
User talk:Armchair

SintPancras (discuss • contribs) 07:51, 2 May 2019 (UTC) Hi Armchair, I'm new to Wikibooks but would like to help expand/improve the excel&VBA part,e,g by adding a part on binary operations (bitwise shifting etc). I have read the help out page etc, but do need some guidance. As you have built most of the VBA hashing pages, could you give me some pointers? Thanks!

Hi!, You will almost certainly know more than me about that! I have very little knowledge on bitwise operations; the little that exists in the code conversion work is found variously on the net, albeit with difficultly in knowing who to credit. In fact, I usually have to do quite a bit of testing just to reassure myself that I have got my understanding right. The main thing to keep in mind I think is to keep it practical, a place where useful, working code is known to reside. Armchair (discuss • contribs) 10:57, 3 May 2019 (UTC)

Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

The Wikimedia Foundation is asking for your feedback in a survey about your experience with and Wikimedia. The purpose of this survey is to learn how well the Foundation is supporting your work on wiki and how we can change or improve things in the future. The opinions you share will directly affect the current and future work of the Wikimedia Foundation.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

Find more information about this project. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 14:32, 9 September 2019 (UTC)

Reminder: Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

A couple of weeks ago, we invited you to take the Community Insights Survey. It is the Wikimedia Foundation’s annual survey of our global communities. We want to learn how well we support your work on wiki. We are 10% towards our goal for participation. If you have not already taken the survey, you can help us reach our goal! Your voice matters to us.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

Find more information about this project. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 19:13, 20 September 2019 (UTC)

Reminder: Community Insights Survey
Share your experience in this survey

Hi ,

There are only a few weeks left to take the Community Insights Survey! We are 30% towards our goal for participation. If you have not already taken the survey, you can help us reach our goal! With this poll, the Wikimedia Foundation gathers feedback on how well we support your work on wiki. It only takes 15-25 minutes to complete, and it has a direct impact on the support we provide.

Please take 15 to 25 minutes to give your feedback through this survey. It is available in various languages.

This survey is hosted by a third-party and governed by this privacy statement (in English).

Find more information about this project. [mailto:surveys@wikimedia.org Email us] if you have any questions, or if you don't want to receive future messages about taking this survey.

Sincerely, RMaung (WMF) 17:03, 4 October 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Armchair


text:
User talk:Luptonma

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:40, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Luptonma


text:
User talk:Gmrm

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:40, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

What exactly are these articles you are creating and editing? They were tagged in that manner because we are confused as to what exactly they are, and they are not organized in the proper manner. Could you move them to a more appropriate location? Also, please don't remove notices from your talk page unless the matter is resolved. Thanks! Νεοπτόλεμος 04:52, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

This is an annotated bibliography of academic papers and books on social software. It's not meant to be a textbook. I am assisting a professor to create these entries for an upcoming special interest group meeting. Others scholars will be invited to contribute to bibliography as well. I removed the tags because the notice said we could if it were an authentic contribution. Certainly, we regard the bibliography under construction as such, though certainly some of us are new to wiki authorship. Please excuse my lack of experience, but allow for my valid intentions to produce new collaborative work.

 * Hi Gmrm, I think the bibliography will be good, as far as organization goes, you should take a look at our Naming convention. Unlike wikipedia, we organize pages in the same book [or the same project in your case] by using one root page (an example could be Annotated social software bibliography though you can call it whatever you want) and linking to the other pages using the /subpage/ syntax. See Control systems for an example of a book that follows this convention. Let me know if you need any help; if you create the root page I can help you out with moving the other pages to appropriate locations. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 05:44, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

 * I found the Social Software: An Annotated Bibliography page, and renamed the current modules (and fixed the links) so what is currently there is all set. Have a good day and Good luck! Mattb112885 (talk to me) 06:02, 30 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gmrm


text:
User talk:Notchent~enwikibooks

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:40, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Notchent. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Notchent~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:33, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:18, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Notchent~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Ropez

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:40, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ropez


text:
User talk:Happy2pester

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:40, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Happy2pester


text:
User talk:Nightsabre

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:40, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nightsabre


text:
User talk:Michaelwayw2

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:40, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Michaelwayw2


text:
User talk:Epona~enwikibooks

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:40, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Epona. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Epona~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:08, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:56, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Epona~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Relike868~enwikibooks

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:40, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Relike868. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Relike868~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:40, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:25, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Relike868~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Shilla~enwikibooks

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:40, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Shilla. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Shilla~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:45, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:29, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shilla~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Dkarr

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:41, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dkarr


text:
User talk:SheaMarshall

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 20:41, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:SheaMarshall


text:
User:Chovynz

I am. We Are, we are.

title: User:Chovynz


text:
VHDL for FPGA Design/JK Flip Flop

Generated Symbol

VHDL-kieli FPGA-suunnittelussa/JK-kiikku

title: VHDL for FPGA Design/JK Flip Flop


text:
Cookbook talk:Beef Curry

I have changed a few details of this curry. The method, e.g. add lemon to rice, is a bit sketchy. I doubt a cup of peppers would amount to 240 gms, as previously stated. Walshamite (talk) 22:21, 28 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Beef Curry


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Gobbledegook

Overview
Gobbledegook is the language used by goblins to talk amongst themselves.


text:
Computers & Society/Annotated Bibliography/Turkle 1995

This paper aims to describe systematically the characteristics of weblogs (blogs) -- frequently modified Web pages in which dated entries are listed in reverse chronological sequence and which are the latest in genre of Internet communication to attain widespread popularity. This paper presents the results of a quantitative content analysis of 203 randomly selected blogs, comparing the empirically observable features of the corpus with popular claims about the nature of blogs, and finding them to differ in a number of respects. Notably, blog authors, journalists and scholars alike exaggerate the extent to which blogs are interlinked, interactive, and oriented towards external events, and underestimate the importance of blogs as individualistic, intimate forms of self-expression. Based on the profile generated by the empirical analysis, the paper considers the likely antecedents of the blog genre, situates it with respect to the dominant forms of digital communication on the Internet today, and suggests possible developments of the use of blogs over time in response to changes in user behavior, technology, and the broader ecology of Internet genres.


text:
Ancient History/Greece

<<Return to Front Page

Yunani Kuno

title: Ancient History/Greece


text:
Template:AncientGreeceTOC

|TOC

title: Template:AncientGreeceTOC


text:
Algorithm Implementation/Mathematics

Contents

 * /Primality Testing/
 * /Prime number generation/
 * /Fibonacci Number Program/
 * /Extended Euclidean algorithm/
 * /Modular Exponentiation/
 * /Polynomial evaluation/
 * /Polynomial interpolation/
 * /Pythagorean theorem/

title: Algorithm Implementation/Mathematics


text:
Algorithm Implementation/Mathematics/Prime number generation

Haskell
For each number, check whether it is divisible by any of the primes not above its square root. This is an optimal trial division algorithm: Note that this code utilizes Haskell's lazy evaluation, to allow  and   to be defined in terms of each other.

The Sieve of Erastosthenes has better theoretical complexity than trial division: Were a  operation to have a complexity of $$O(|b|)$$, as it indeed is so on mutable arrays in imperative languages, this code would achieve the theoretical complexity of the S. of E. Unfortunately it is $$O(|a \cup b|)$$ with linked lists.

Recast as unbounded definition, yet faster and with better complexity due to the tree-shaped folding: This replaces the linear left-leaning nested chain of  operations in   function, with an unbounded right-deepening tree of progressively growing balanced trees of   s. A sizable constant-factor speedup can be further achieved with wheel factorization. The utility functions used above (also found in  package's   module) are:

The removal of composites is easy with arrays. Processing is naturally broken into segments between squares of consecutive primes:

Java
simple naive algorithm

Sieve of Erastosthenes, from here

Phix
You can get exactly the same output (the first 168 primes) from

Ruby
Note that Ruby has a built-in Sieve of Erastosthenes prime number generator:

C (Fast bitwise)
Fast implementation of bitwise Sieve of Eratosthenes. Little bit cheating, because it's counts only odd primes (read as: you need to add first prime - "2" manually).

There is also OpenMP #pragma's along the way, so you can try compile it with -fopenmp


text:
User:Pvnbl

pvnbl is the user name for Panyala Balkumar Reddy. Who completed his Master sciences in Biotechnology and working as a research scholar at Asian Institute of Gastroenterology which is located in Hyderabad(INDIA) since 21st aug 2007.

title: User:Pvnbl


text:
A-level Physics (Advancing Physics)/Power

Power is a measure of how much potential energy is dissipated (i.e. converted into heat, light and other forms of energy) by a component or circuit in one second. This is due to a drop in the potential energy, and so the voltage, of charge. Power is measured in Watts (commonly abbreviated W), where 1 W is 1 Js−1. It can be calculated by finding the product of the current flowing through a component / circuit and the potential difference across the component / circuit. This gives us the equation:

$$P = \frac{E}{t} = IV$$

where P is the power dissipated (in W), E is the drop in potential energy (in Joules, J), t is the time taken (in s), I is the current (in A) and V is either potential difference or electromotive force (in V), depending on the component being measured.

Since power is the amount of energy changing form per. second, the amount of energy being given out each second will equal the power of the component giving out energy.

You should be able to substitute in values for I and V from other formulae (V=IR, Q=It) in order to relate power to resistance, conductance, charge and time, giving formulae like these:

$$P = I^2R$$

$$P = \frac{V^2}{R}$$

$$P = \frac{QV}{t}$$

Questions
1. The potential difference across a 9 W light bulb is 240 V. How much current is flowing through the light bulb?

2. How much energy is dissipated by a 10 W component in 1 hour?

3. The potential difference across a top-notch kettle, which can hold up to 1 litre of water, is 240 V, and the current is 12.5 A. 4.2 kJ of energy is required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1 °C. Assuming 100% efficiency and that the temperature has to be raised 80 °C (20 °C to 100 °C), how long does it take to boil 1 litre of water?

4. How much energy is dissipated by a 100Ω resistor in 10 seconds if 2A of current are flowing?

5. The charge on an electron is -1.6 x 10−19 C. How long does it take for a mole (6 x 1023 particles) of electrons to flow through a 40 W light bulb on a 240 V circuit?

/Worked Solutions/


text:
User:Robrs47/monobook.css

.code .input pre {padding:0; border: none; line-height: 1.5em; margin:0;} .code .result pre {border:0; padding:0.2em; margin: 0.3em; background-color: #DDDDFF;} .code .input pre:before {content: "\003E \0020";}

title: User:Robrs47/monobook.css


text:
A-level Physics (Advancing Physics)/Power/Worked Solutions

1. The potential difference across a 9 W light bulb is 240 V. How much current is flowing through the light bulb?

9 = 240I

$$I = \frac{9}{240} = 0.0375\mbox{ A}$$

2. How much energy is dissipated by a 10 W component in 1 hour?

$$10 = \frac{E}{60^2}$$

E = 602 x 10 = 36000 J = 36 kJ

'''3. The potential difference across a top-notch kettle, which can hold up to 1 litre of water, is 240 V, and the current is 12.5 A. 4.2 kJ of energy is required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of water by 1C. Assuming 100% efficiency and the temperature has to be raised 80K (20C to 100C), how long does it take to boil 1 litre of water?'''

$$12.5 \times 240 = 3000 = \frac{4.2 \times 10^3 \times 80}{t}$$

$$t = \frac{4.2 \times 10^3\times 80}{3000} = 112\mbox{ s}$$

In practice it may take longer than this as energy will be lost heating the surrounding air, heating the materials used in the kettle and the water may be colder than 20C.

4. How much energy is dissipated by a 100Ω resistor in 10 seconds if 2A of current are flowing?

$$\frac{E}{10} = 2^2 \times 100 = 400$$

E = 4000 J = 4 kJ

5. The charge on an electron is -1.6 x 10−19 C. How long does it take for a mole (6 x 1023 particles) of electrons to flow through a 40 W light bulb on a 240 V circuit?

Total charge = 1.6 x 10−19 x 6 x 1023 = 96000 C

$$40 = \frac{96000 \times 240}{t} = \frac{23040000}{t}$$

$$t = \frac{23040000}{40} = 576000\mbox{ s} = 9600\mbox{ min} = 160\mbox{ h} = 6\mbox{ days }16 \mbox{ hours}$$


text:
VHDL for FPGA Design/4-Bit BCD Counter with Clock Enable

Simulation Results

VHDL-kieli FPGA-suunnittelussa/4-bittinen BCD-laskuri


text:
A-level Physics (Advancing Physics)/Current/delta

The Greek letter delta means 'difference in'. So, in the case of current, it represents the difference in charge divided by the difference in time. If we write it as we would in calculus:

$$I = \frac{dQ}{dt}$$

Without using calculus, we can only take an approximation of I from values as close together as possible on either side of the point at which we wish to calculate the current. By using calculus, we can calculate the exact value of the current at a given point. For example, if Q = 2t (i.e. 1 coulomb every 2 seconds):

$$I = \frac{dQ}{dt} = 1 \times 2t^{1-1} = 2t^0 = 2\mbox{ A}$$


text:
A-level Physics (Advancing Physics)/Current

Current is the amount of charge (on particles such as electrons) flowing through part of an electric circuit per second. Current is measured in amperes (usually abbreviated A), where 1 ampere is 1 coulomb of charge per second. The formula for current is:

$$I = \frac{\Delta Q}{\Delta t}$$ ([The triangle (Greek letter /delta/) means change in the quantity])

where I is current (in A), Q is charge (in C) and t is the time it took for the charge to flow (in seconds).

In a series circuit, the current is the same everywhere in the circuit, as the rate of flow of charged particles is constant throughout the circuit. In a parallel circuit, however, the current is split between the branches of the circuit, as the number of charged particles flowing cannot change. This is Kirchoff's First Law, stating that:

At any point in an electrical circuit where charge density is not changing in time [ie. there is no buildup of charge, as in a capacitor], the sum of currents flowing towards that point is equal to the sum of currents flowing away from that point.

In mathematical form:

$$\sum I_{in} = \sum I_{out}$$ (The character that resembles a sideways M is the Greek letter /sigma/, meaning 'sum of'.)

Questions

1. 10 coulombs flow past a point in a wire in 1 minute. How much current is flowing through the point?

2. How long does it take for a 2A current to carry 5C?

3. In the diagram on the left, I = 9A, and I1 = 4.5A. What is the current at I2?

4. What would I equal if I1 = 10A and I2 = 15A?

5. In the diagram on the left, in 5 seconds, 5C of charged particles flow past I1, and 6.7C flow past I2. How long does it take for 10C to flow past I?

/Worked Solutions/


text:
Wikibooks talk:Card Catalog Office/Archive 1

This page is the first Arcive page of the Card Catalog Affice discussion page.

It covers the first discussion on the Card Catalog Office project in 2005 and early 2006.

What I think
I think the front page needs to get rid of half its clutter so that the wikibooks can be more represented like they were a year ago. - Cyberman

Introduction to this Wikimedia Project
Like many of the other sister Wikimedia projects, there are special areas of the project that are designated for doing more focused or specialized projects that can help the community in general. On Wikipedia these are called Wikiprojects.

I'm proposing a similar kind of effort here on Wikibooks called the Card Catalog Office.

I've been looking at the Dewey Decimal page that is right off the main page, and it is in serious need of reform (if not simply chaning the name of the page from "Test"). It was a good idea, but needs some serious cleanup.

In addition, sometimes people are a bit confused with where to put something (like the discussion above about the Disasters book). This Wikiproject could help with new Wikibookians who are a little unsure on where to put things, or if bookshelves are being rearranged (like the last reorganization attempt of the IT bookshelf) things could be a little better organized. Ontological discussions (the study of how to organize things) could also take place, and alternative search systems could be implemented for trying to locate a Wikibook. That would be the primary focus of this Wikiproject.

I'd also like some input as to if we should merge into this organization of Wikibooks information that is also found on Wikisource. There already is a tendancy to have content be placed on Wikibooks that really belongs over at Wikisource, so I'm proposing that we keep links to the content so it doesn't get duplicated (often duplicated again). Keep in mind this is just links to Wikisource material, not the material itself. Wikisource material should not appear on the main "Bookshelves" that appear on the front page, but rather in the classification systems that we come up with in this new Card Catalog Office.

Goals to work toward:

 * 1) New Wikibookian book placement service (and general new user help on writing a new Wikibook).
 * 2) Dewey Decimal Classification catalog
 * 3) Library of Congress organization
 * 4) Alphabetacal search of Wikibooks (not just book modules... the current system really stinks)
 * 5) Greater use of categories

If the Wikidata proposal actually gets off the ground, this would be a good candidate for inclusion into that project in terms of a way to organize everything here. Some changes to the MediaWiki software have also made pulling off a project like this somewhat easier to accomplish.

Any other thoughts on this organization? --Rob Horning 12:29, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Sounding good so far, I'll add thoughts as they come to me. As already brought to Aya's attention (User talk:Aya) the current bookshelf-related pages are a mess of redundant and duplicate information. The first priority of this project should be to organise those--after all how can you sort things out if the rules by which you organise them are so disjointed? GarrettTalk 13:01, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * One possibility is to use categories for each page in a book. Like for example my article at the Academic Publishing Wiki has a category collecting all the connected and/or affiliated pages pages together. This way you can find pages regardless of how the author has (or hasn't) organised their wikibook, and you can find related linked-to pages. BUT the books and recent changes would have to be religiously monitored to make sure any and all new pages get put in the category. Also this helps save complexity. For example the San Andreas wikibook currently has about four different categories it's in and more were added as those ports were made--but with this system only the category would be updated, thus in turn re-tagging the pages within it. GarrettTalk 13:18, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Also a method of listing about related books would be nice. Yes you can find them with the categories, but for the unknowing or lazy reader it's nice to have it "in your face". Like how at Amazon or Gamespot you see a very closely related product. Ideally similar to the "(wikihere) has more on" template as seen to the right. The template's attributes (multiple, preferably) would allow you to enter related books. Ideally there would be a reciprocal way to get the link also on that linked-to page... what I'm really thinking of here is something just like what BoardGameGeek has. See this page; scroll way, way down and you'll find a Relationships section. Users can add associations, and those are then listed on the other pages automatically. In this example, manually forming an association between a themed version of Monopoly with the core edition then auto-associates that variant with other variants that have previously been manually associated. I don't know how this could be converted to a wiki structure, but it could be nice. I'm not necessarily talking about the voting, just the fact that it lists related things. GarrettTalk 13:28, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Also something needs to be done about the progress icon upkeep. I just updated the San Andreas icon in three different places and I bet there's two more I missed. Ideally we need some sort of parsing system, maybe even with per-project templates that the editors can edit to make site-wide changes to that percentage. GarrettTalk 13:38, 1 August 2005 (UTC)
 * Also I'm thinking more about the idea of book "logos" to make things part of a series, with tiny versions shown on the bookshelf pages so you can recognise a familiar series logo. For example... File:Booklogoexample.png ...like that. You have an icon thing for the core series (in this case, how-tos), and one for the book (in this case, the nonexistent telephony). So when browsing on shelves you'd see these familiar icons jump out at you. Of course it would have a text description beside it, but it would still label it for quick notice. What I'm getting at is that this you have this on dead-tree books; you have the publisher's distinctive logo (or sometimes the author's monogram) on the spine so you can recognise things. GarrettTalk 13:56, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

Ideas on catalog templates
I've been thinking about a different way to try and "catalog" the content on here. One approach that I've considered is to try and put right into each Wikibook a simple template that has the cataloging information. Based on the content of the template, it would put the Wikibook into the appropriate category(ies) that help to define the Wikibook. This template can be extended, but would serve to put some initial catalog numbers into each Wikibook.

For instaces a template something like this:

The problem I see is how to get the template to interpret this information to put it into categories that are incomplete. Particularly the Dewey Decimal catalog number. This "catalog entry" could also be some cool little graphic (based on the content) that would be a little bit "in your face" regarding other related Wikibooks. A similar sort of template could be inserted into each "page" of a wikibook... helping with "branding", navigation, and creation of an overall category for a single Wikibook.

What I'm envisioning is a web equivalent of browsing bookshelves in a library, where sometimes a somewhat related book will be nearby on a list even if the card catalog number is not exactly the same. I don't know of any current search tool on the internet that allows something like this to take place, but is something that I frequently do when I am trying to research a topic in a (dead tree) library. It isn't perfect, but something that the card catalog numbers do a very good job of... at least as long as nearby books are loosly of related topics. Jumping from 100's levels in the Dewey Decimal system (for instance) will be a lager switch on topics, but that can't be totally helped. That is perhaps why more than one system should be employed. Sometimes I'll read about a topic that is totally unrelated to what I was originally searching for, but jumped out at me for some reason, and I've even used it on term papers about the original topic.

I also noticed the Browse page, which has not been kept current. It does, however, suggest totally different organizational methods than the current realm of bookshelves that are quite active at the moment. Should this page be killed or reoganized? Its link to the current Wikibooks catagory structure is apparent, and perhaps that should be a jumping off point as well. Certainly this page needs to be reorganized.

I'm at a loss in regards on where to being right now. The bookshelves seem to have "sorted themselves out" for the moment, and seem to be in fairly good shape in terms of future expansion of Wikibooks. The question I have is more what to do next, and how to get this whole thing organized. I think if we all work together on the same part of this puzzle together rather than going willy-nilly all over with our own ideas, we can make quite a bit of progress and put together what has been a neglected corner of Wikibooks. I can come up with other cool organizational ideas, but mainly I'd like to see the current set of organization ideas cleaned up or discarded... as the rest of the interested Wikibookians that want to be involved here decide. --Rob Horning 22:09, 1 August 2005 (UTC)

^^ this code generates this >>

I've created Template:Catalog based on the above with some minor tweaking. First of all, the IDs here are completely bogus, mainly because I can't remember the dewey system as well as I used to. Note that the numbers are redlinks; when you create the book you would click each of those and put the cat ID of the nearest category within them--for example 123.456 GTA would go within 123.456, and that within 123.400, and that within 123.000, and so on, depending on how deep and intricate we want the cat usage to be.

I've coded the template to be as brief and foolproof for the user as can be.

Anyway, see what you think, and change what you hate. GarrettTalk 11:18, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

UPDATE: see the category bar at the bottom of this page? If I was to click on the Congress one and save it this page would then appear in there... as I said, foolproof is the goal. :)

Note that the way I've set the category names up means that this page will be invisibly listed in the 123.456 category as "123.456 GTA Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas". Now the user does not see this special name but it means that the pages will be arranged in shelf order rather than alphabetical order. Or at least I hope it does, I will have to check that I interpreted the WP implementation of this workaround correctly. --damn, seems to only work among the same letters in a cat. Well, that's the best I can do then. GarrettTalk 11:47, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

The idea I had with the nearby attribute is that you list books that are very strongly related. Like for another example the C++ book would give nearbys for C and C#--but not for Java, you could find that through the cat links. The idea is that it would only be for direct siblings (C and C#), rather than cousins (Java, Perl, etc.). GarrettTalk 12:06, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

My thoughts
I thought I'd start a new section for clarity.

First of all - wow! Some great ideas here. Much better than I've come up with on this subject. The example template makes it very clear how effective this could be.

One thing I've found useful is to define editorial control to avoid 'edit war paranoia' and the endless discussions that result from it, so if this is a Wikiproject, we should nominate a single user to be the Wikiproject Manager. This would mean, they get editorial control on the project page to which this talk page is attached. Their job is to maintain the project page, summarizing content from the talk page, and amalgamating it into the project page. Anyone may edit the project page (this seems preferable to having the manager have to parse all the comments), but should edit wars occur, the project manager gets to make the judgement call, since they are ultimately responsible for maintaining its clarity. This is in effect what I tried to do with my 'Critique of Wikibooks' in order to keep it digestable for those who haven't been following all the discussion.

Since Rob started this project, he would seem the obvious choice for this role. I might recommend starting to write up some of the previous talk in a more imperative, less discussional fashion, before the amount of talk becomes too overwhelming. Try writing it like a policy or procedure. e.g.

 * Goals

 * To make it easy for new Wikibooks users to find the content they are looking for.
 * To minimize duplicate Wikibooks with virtually identical scopes.

 * Procedures

etc.
 * All Wikibooks should include the 'catalog' template on their main page.
 * Template parameters should consist of... blah blah blah
 * To find out correct dewey codes use the list at site http://whatever...

 * Examples

This project also touches upon our current lack of a 'category use' policy. Should categories be reserved for tagging books only (the existing Wikibooks:Browse page seems to hint that this was the original intention), or should they also be allowed for categorizing pages within a single book (e.g. the myriad cookbook categories)? If both are acceptable, is there an easy way to distinguish between the two? If we plan to have one category per Dewey code, what page or category is designated to form an index of those categories?

So, perhaps, put up a v1.0 of this new project on the project page, then we can take it from there. Doesn't have to be extensive, perhaps just a summary of our best ideas so far. For unresolved issues, I don't see a problem with leaving explicitly unanswered questions on the project page itself. These will no doubt decide the direction of the subsequent discussions on this talk page. The end result, hopefully, will be a really great, well thought-out policy doc, and will serve to clarify the whole issue for all Wikibooks users.

Once this policy seems clear enough, we can then start to implement it, and start adding these templates and categories to existing books. - Aya T C 00:46, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Good idea
It's a good idea, but the card catalog office is a big project. Anyways, it should have the following responsibilities:

 * Bookshelf maintenance - the CCO is responsible to maintaining bookshelves "nice and tidy", meaning that books that get deleted are removed from bookshelves, new books are put into bookshelves, etc. They should also be responsible for maintaining Bookshelf requests for adding and removing bookshelves from the canonical list.  Promotion and demotion of featured books on bookshelves should also go through the CCO.
 * Classification - same thing, but with the Dewey Decimal and LOC index (henceforth put into Dewey Decimal index and Library of Congress index, or WB:DDI and WB:LOCI).

I would also like to nominate User:Aya and User:Robert Horning as head librarians in the CCO.

As for category policy, we do have an informal one: each book Book should have Category:Book:  for categories within their book, as per WB:NC, for categorizing modules within a book (eg. Category:Wikibooks Pokédex:Normal Pokémon). All other categories are between books: ie. they tag books rather than individual modules. I'd like to see it fine-tuned before it is canonized though.

Speaking of which, we also must develop a policy on title pages, so that these books can be categorized. I'll get the ball rolling: For a book book, the page book is considered to be the title page of the book, and should contain a short table of contents. If a book is on vfd, speedy, transwiki, forking policy violation, etc., only the title page will have the tag. Note that this may buck existing conventions: many consider Programming:C a separate book from Programming:Ada, but under WB:NC the two are sections under Programming. KelvSYC 01:23, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Just a minor historical point. The  books are separate books, they just don't follow WB:NC. In the olden days, the psuedo-namespace   was an early means of indicating that the books inside were members of the 'programming bookshelf'. This use of pseudo-namespaces is now deprecated, so the books ought to be titled e.g. ,   or   instead of  . We just need someone to go through and do all the renaming. - Aya T C 18:43, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

Placing some initial content on "front page" of CCO
I've put some stuff up on the main project page to look at. The list of books is (if you are paying attention) from the list of Books of the Month. I figured we can use them as guinea pigs to see what we think of how everything is going to be organized like, and gives us some real Wikibooks to work with that will be more like how a mature system should be working like. We do need to have an organized system for trying to classify books, and I am trying to come up with a way that we can keep things "bite sized" on the organization and allow us to also serve newer Wikibookians who may want to have us help them out. This is also a way we can keep this project sustained into the future even after the initial "ouch" of getting stuff put together.

Tell me what you like/don't like/need to add to this page (or even update it yourself if you feel motivated). Quite a bit more content needs to be added, but this is a rough idea of more what I wanted people to be looking at, and also to be friendly to new users. Polcies adopted here will go through the formal guidelines and policies vetting like any other Wikibook policy. --Rob Horning 18:43, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, so far it looks like the sort of thing that ought to be on Community Portal (which is in need of a serious overhaul). I was expecting something more like "instructions on how to classify books". - Aya T C 20:41, 5 August 2005 (UTC)

Catalog structure
My thoughts:
 * Our catalogs should be moved to something like Books by Library of Congress Classification and subpages like Books by Library of Congress Classification/GV 1469 (MegaMan Battle Network and any other Mega Man books we have are at GV 1469.35.M43, so it would be in that page). We can also do interlinking such as having Books by Library of Congress Classification/Q go to Science bookshelf.
 * Any cataloging policy remains questionable unless we have a good policy on book title pages. I'm about to draft a guideline at Title pages.  Tell me your thoughts.

KelvSYC 04:34, 9 August 2005 (UTC)

main page
I have just finished taking the main page as a cut and paste to my user talk box, where i generated a list of what i think ought to be the new "bookshelves." The list probably is missing a few things, but the point is, at least there is some differentiation between the smaller pieces of larger umbrellas. I have also left a note in the staff room, as per somebodies instructions at the main page discussion area.

Prometheuspan 02:37, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I've been seriously distracted from this for far too long. If you are wanting to get into classifying the content on Wikibooks, I'm going to try and kick this whole think up a major notch and start the book classification process as a serious endeavor. --Rob Horning 17:52, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

-- Prometheuspan 00:38, 23 February 2006 (UTC) excellent, I'm still trying to decide where and how and if i fit in. Please keep me apraised of any process, and let me know if there is anything i can do to help, or, a partial taxonomy i can come critique. -

Blockland mapping`
I think Blockland mapping may be intended as the stand-alone ToC page of a book that was never written, or may belong to a book that no longer exists. I'm starting a Blockland book for it and moving it to Blockland/Mapping; hopefully, someone will pick up the torch and write new modules. (I've never played Blockland.) Seahen 23:26, 25 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Note that this was just supposed to be an example of a relatively new Wikibook that needed classification. We really need to get this sub-project (the CCO) up and running soon, and make this something that really matters.  I'm trying to still build the infrastructure (tables & guidelines) to get this working properly.  It is just going to be a matter of time.  --Rob Horning 03:33, 26 February 2006 (UTC)


text:
A-level Physics (Advancing Physics)/Current/Worked Solutions

'''1. 10 coulombs flow past a point in a wire in 1 minute. How much current is flowing through the point?'''

$$I = \frac{10}{60} \approx 0.17\mbox{ A}$$

2. How long does it take for a 2A current to carry 5C?

$$2 = \frac{5}{t}$$

$$t = \frac{5}{2} = 2.5\mbox{ s}$$

'''3. In the diagram on the right, I = 9A, and I1 = 4.5A. What is the current at I2?'''

9 = 4.5 + I2

I2 = 4.5 A

4. What would I equal if I1 = 10A and I2 = 15A?

I = 10 + 15 = 25A

'''5. In the diagram on the right, in 5 seconds, 5C of charged particles flow past I1, and 6.7C flow past I2. How long does it take for 10C to flow past I?'''

$$\frac{10}{t} = \frac{5}{5} + \frac{6.7}{5} = 2.34$$

$$t = \frac{10}{2.34} \approx 4.27\mbox{ s}$$