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Horticulture/Helleborus

Commonly known as Hellebores, the genus Helleborus is comprised of approximately 20 species (ongoing fieldwork may see this figure change) of herbaceous perennial flowering plants in the family Ranunculaceae. The genus is native to much of Europe, from western Great Britain, Spain and Portugal, eastward across the Mediterranean region and central Europe into Romania and Ukraine, and along the north coast of Turkey into the Caucasus. The greatest concentration of species occurs in the Balkans. One atypical species (H. thibetanus) comes from western China; another atypical species (H. vesicarius) inhabits a small area on the border between Turkey and Syria.

Hellebores are toxic if ingested, causing tinnitus, vertigo, stupor, thirst, a feeling of suffocation, swelling of the tongue and throat, emesis and catharsis, bradycardia (slowing of the pulse), and finally collapse and death from cardiac arrest.

Description
The flowers have five "petals" (actually sepals or tepals) surrounding a ring of small, cup-like nectaries (petals modified to hold nectar). The sepals do not fall as petals would, but remain on the plant, sometimes for many months. Recent research in Spain suggests that the persistent calyx contributes to the development of the seeds (Herrera 2005).

Growing conditions
Hellebores grow best in shady locations with rich, well-drained soils. They do well in dry shade during the summer months.

Caulescent species
These four species have leaves on their flowering stems (in ../H. vesicarius/ the stems die back each year; it also has basal leaves).
 * ../Helleborus argutifolius/ – Corsican hellebore
 * ../Helleborus foetidus/ – Stinking hellebore or Setterwort
 * ../Helleborus lividus/
 * ../Helleborus vesicarius/

Acaulescent (stemless) species
These species have basal leaves. They have no true leaves on their flower stalks (although there are leafy bracts where the flower stalks branch).
 * ../Helleborus atrorubens/
 * ../Helleborus croaticus/
 * ../Helleborus cyclophyllus/
 * ../Helleborus dumetorum/
 * ../Helleborus abruzzicus/
 * ../Helleborus liguricus/
 * ../Helleborus bocconei/
 * ../Helleborus multifidus/
 * ../Helleborus niger/ – Christmas rose or Black hellebore
 * ../Helleborus odorus/
 * ../Helleborus orientalis/ – Lenten rose, Lenten hellebore, oriental hellebore (N.B. most of the Lenten hellebores in gardens are now considered to be H. × hybridus)
 * ../Helleborus purpurascens/
 * ../Helleborus thibetanus/ (syn. H. chinensis)
 * ../Helleborus torquatus/
 * ../Helleborus viridis/ - Green hellebore or Bear's-foot
 * ../Helleborus occidentalis/ (formerly H. viridis subsp. occidentalis)

Other species names (now considered invalid) may be encountered in older literature, including H. hyemalis, H. polychromus, H. ranunculinus, H. trifolius.

Hellebore hybrids
Hybridising (deliberate and accidental) between H. orientalis and several other closely-related species and subspecies has vastly improved the colour-range of the flowers, which now extends from slate grey, near-black, deep purple and plum, through rich red and pinks to yellow, white and green. The outer surface of the sepals is often green-tinged, and as the flower ages it usually becomes greener inside and out; individual flowers often remain on the plant for a month or more. The inner surface of each sepal may be marked with veins, or dotted or blotched with pink, red or purple. "Picotee" flowers, whose pale-coloured sepals have narrow margins of a darker colour, are much sought-after, as are those with dark nectaries which contrast with the outer sepals.

Recent breeding programmes have also created double-flowered and anemone-centred plants. Ironically, doing this is actually reversing the evolutionary process in which hellebores' true petals had been modified into nectaries; it is usually these nectaries which become the extra petals in double, semi-double and anemone-centred flowers.

Semi-double flowers have one or two extra rows of petals; doubles have more. Their inner petals are generally very like the outer ones in colour and patterning. They are often of a similar length and shape, though they may be slightly shorter and narrower, and some are attractively waved or ruffled. By contrast, anemone-centred flowers have, cupped within the five normal outer petals, a ring of much shorter, more curved extra petals (sometimes trumpet-shaped, intermediate in appearance between petals and nectaries), which may be a different colour from the outer petals. These short, extra petals (sometimes known as "petaloids") drop off after the flower has been pollination, leaving an apparently single flower, whereas doubles and semi-doubles tend to retain their extra petals after pollination.

Interspecific hybrids
Gardeners and nurserymen have also created hybrids between less closely-related species. The earliest was probably H. × nigercors, a cross between H. niger and H. argutifolius (formerly H. lividus subsp. corsicus or H. corsicus, hence the name) first made in 1931. H. × sternii, a cross between H. argutifolius and H. lividus, first exhibited in 1947, is named after the celebrated British plantsman Sir Frederick Stern. H. × ballardiae (H. niger crossed with H. lividus) and H. × ericsmithii (H. niger crossed with H. × sternii) similarly commemorate the noted British nursery owners Helen Ballard and Eric Smith. In recent years, Ashwood Nurseries (of Kingswinford in the English Midlands), already well-known for its Ashwood Garden Hybrids (H. × hybridus singles, semi-doubles, doubles and anemone-centres), has created interesting hybrids between H. niger and H. thibetanus (called H. 'Pink Ice'), and between H. niger and H. vesicarius (called H. 'Briar Rose'). The gardenworthiness of these hybrids has still to be proven.

Uses
Hellebores are widely grown in gardens for decorative purposes, as well as for their purported medicinal abilities and uses in witchcraft. They are particularly valued by gardeners for their winter and early spring flowering period; the plants are surprisingly frost-resistant and many are evergreen. Many species of hellebore have green or greenish-purple flowers and are of limited garden value, although Corsican hellebore (H. argutifolius), a robust plant with pale green, cup-shaped flowers and attractive leathery foliage, is widely grown. So is stinking hellebore or setterwort (H. foetidus), which has drooping clusters of small, pale green, bell-shaped flowers, often edged with maroon, which contrast delightfully with its dark evergreen foliage. H. foetidus 'Wester Flisk', with red-flushed flowers and flower stalks, is becoming popular, as are more recent selections with golden-yellow foliage.

The Christmas rose (H. niger) is a traditional cottage garden favourite, bearing pure white flowers (which often age to pink) in the depths of winter; large-flowered cultivars are available, as are pink-flowered and double-flowered selections.

The most popular hellebores for garden use, however, are undoubtedly H. orientalis and its colourful hybrids (H. × hybridus). They flower in early spring, around the period of Lent, and are often known as Lenten hellebores, oriental hellebores, or Lenten roses. They are excellent for bringing early colour to shady herbaceous borders and areas between deciduous shrubs and under trees.

Maintenance
Hellebores are easy to take care of, with the only maintenance required in early spring or summer, depending on the gardener’s preference.

In early spring, hellebores put up both their flowering stalks and their foliage. The previous year’s foliage tends to be rather unattractive by springtime, and can be removed (using pruners or scissors) without causing harm to the plant. Removing the previous year’s foliage will also help show off the flowers.

Hellebores are dormant during the summer months, and should be left alone. If the previous year’s foliage was not removed in the spring, it can be removed at any time. However, it is important to keep in mind that hellebores only put out new leaves in the spring, so severe cutbacks during the summer may cause harm to the plant.

Hellebores should not be cut back in the fall, as they continue to draw energy from their leaves over the winter. If the plant is covered by fallen tree leaves, these should be removed.

Propagation
Easily divides, but more commonly allowed to go to seed (most species self-sow freely). Propagated through tissue culture in commercial production.

Harvesting
For floral displays, the flowers can be cut individually, and allowed to float in a bowl of water. As they are frost hardy, the bowl can be kept outdoors as well as indoors, so long as the bowl will not crack in a hard freeze.

Pests and diseases

 * Black Spot caused by Coniothyrium hellebori
 * Blight caused by Botrytis cinerarea and Gloeosporium sp.
 * Crown Rot caused by Sclerotium delphinii
 * Winter Burn caused by a combination of harsh winter winds and sun.

title: Horticulture/Helleborus


text:
Wikijunior:World War II/Tanks

Tanks
Tanks are large, heavily armoured vehicles used for fighting. Tanks move on 'treads' which allow them to travel on almost any surface (except for water) and most tanks have a large cannon which are used to attack other vehicles, buildings and large groups of men. Most tanks also have a smaller machine gun for fighting against troops.

Tanks were first used by the British in World War I by the British, then later in the war by the Germans, French, and the Americans. However, tanks didn't play a big role in combat until World War II.

Tanks were able to cross trench lines quickly, without taking much damage, as usually they were bulletproof. This was very useful as it allowed armies to move forward much more quickly. During the war however anti-tank traps were put in place to make tanks less effective.

Use in Combat
During the beginning of the war, tanks would accompany troops, being used solely as weapons to aid the ground troops.

Towards the end of the war, many tanks were being fitted with radios, allowing them to communicate with one-another and be able to go off on their own or in groups, without the ground troops to guide them. This allowed tanks to move much faster for they were no longer forced to move at the same speed as the walking troops while at war.

Tanks were adapted to perform a variety of different jobs, from clearing minefields to fortifying/destroying roads and bridges.

World War II firmly cemented the tank in the military, proving that troops alone could no longer win wars.

Nations
Most of the large nations involved in the war had tanks. The Germans used several different types of panzers (the German name for a tank) including the Tiger and Panther. The Soviets generally used T-34s. The British, American, French and Polish forces, along with other nations, also used tanks in combat.

Panzer I
Panzer I (also known as Panzerkampfwagen I) was developed as a training tank in the 1930s by Germany but was used as the main tank for Germany's army in the early stages of World War 2. The Panzer I was only equipped with two machine guns so couldn't fight other tanks.

Panzer III
Panzer III (also known as Panzerkampfwagen III) was developed in the 1930s by Germany. Production of the Panzer III ended in 1943. Until 1942, the Panzer III was the first German tank armed with a weapon that could penetrate the armor of the main British and Soviet tanks.

Panzer IV
The Panzer IV (also known as the Panzerkampfwagen IV) was a tank developed by Germany in the late 1930s. Having a 75 mm Lwk gun, it could penetrate the best soviet tanks fairly easily.

Panther (Panzer V)
The Panther was the best known German tank in the war. It was first produced in 1942. Classified medium tank by the Germans, its weight allowed it to be a heavy tank. Had 76 mm gun. Even though smaller gun it had more pressure in the barrel therefore more speed then tiger. It had constant breakdowns, but later models resolved this issue partway. Angled armor made this tank inpenetrable only through turret ring. Later models, like Panther G, had a chin mantlet which resolved this issue.

Tiger I (Panzer VI)
Tiger I is the common name of a German heavy tank which was developed in 1942. The official German designation was Panzerkampfwagen Tiger Ausf. E. It was very powerful and could take a hit. Looking on paper, the amount of armor this tank has (mostly non sloped) is very good. When its angled, however, this tank was nearly impenetrable.

Tiger II (KonigsTiger)
The Tiger II was a beast of a tank, with upgraded 88mm gun, also with immense amount of armor. Very slow and had breakdowns. No allied tank during the war could destroy this machine in a frontal engagement.The only time a tank of this sort was taken from combat was when it was captured or tracked.

Maus
The Maus (meaning mouse in German) was quite the opposite. This vehicle was massive, and was designed to be a mobile bunker. Two prototypes were built in the later part of the war, one was fitted with a turret and the other was just the chassis. This vehicle never saw combat other than being shot at by the Germans. A completed tank would have weighed 188 tonnes.

KV-2
Its iconic 152 mm gun and turret allowed it to compleatly destroy almost any tank with a single shot.

T-34
The T-34 was a Soviet tank produced from 1940 to 1958 at the KhPZ factory in Kharkov. Sloped armor helped its survivability but later German tanks outclassed it by far.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikijunior:World War II/Tanks


text:
Wikibooks:Reading room/Administrative Assistance/Archives/2007/June

New contributions
Not got enough time to deal with this but could folk take a look at this. It has a copyright notice and is not formatted, other than that ....! Thanks -- Herby talk thyme 11:21, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * The copyright is incompatible with the GFDL since it specifies non-commercial use only. I will delete it shortly. --Jomegat 12:59, 5 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Many thanks Jim for dealing with it - on wiki time is very limited at present & I know those patrolling RC can miss things, I do myself. Regards -- Herby  talk thyme 14:54, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Now merged
G'day, I've been merging a few modules from the Cookbook and transwiki, and have tagged them with now merged which places them into Category:Modules now merged into other modules. Could a kindly admin take a look at these and merge the edit histories please? cheers, Webaware talk 06:49, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

 * ✅ — I've also went the extra step of importing and merging some of the articles from Wikipedia, to remove the need for listing the history attributes on the talk pages. --dark lama  14:40, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks mate, that's excellent. Webaware talk 15:31, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Another "keep an eye"
Going off line now but I think we have a classroom project happening Classroom Management Theorist and Theories. I've moved things to the right names, fixed the redlinks & welcomed them so far but I think it may still require attention - cheers -- Herby talk thyme 16:12, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

 * You are correct, the leader of the project is User:Classroom management and she has messaged me a couple times about it, I pointed her to the help pages but may need assistance without knowing so we'll keep an eye out. Mattb112885 (talk) 22:32, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

Project Locks
Talking with another Muggles' Guide user, the topic of the upcoming Harry Potter book (the final one) has come up and how its release might severely and negatively affect the book. Many users will likely rush to the book and add a lot of inappropriate and poorly developed content. Does anyone care to share ideas on how a book lockdown might work? I'd like to get a bot to lock all pages from anonymous users' editing for a few weeks around the book release. -within focus 02:39, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * In the event that you needed to lock down the entire book, you should use the automatic cascading protection feature. Create a page, such as User:Withinfocus/Muggles Guide Pages, or something similar, and create links to all the pages in the muggles guide book on that page. If you need to lock down the book, you go to protect your page, and select the option "Cascading protection - protect any pages included in this page." This should quickly and immediately lock all the pages in the book. I don't know if it's as easy to unprotect them all, however. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 18:38, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Why is it necessary to lock down this book? This is Wikibooks and not a select club of people so let them contribute, help them and fix whatever language and formatting 'mistakes' they make.  Comments like "Many users will likely rush to the book and add a lot of inappropriate and poorly developed content" seem a little inappropriate and big-headed although I don't think you intended it to look that way.  We really need to be more welcoming to new users rather than trying to scare ghem away. Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]]talk 18:59, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * This is by far not going to be language and formatting mistakes. I am expecting a large number of vandalism edits to hit the book pages over several weeks. Wikipedia will surely experience this as well. If you peruse Wikipedia from time to time you may have also noticed some ideas regarding locking articles once they're sufficiently and professionally developed. Besides the topic of vandalism, keeping a work open forever has its positives and negatives and my book doesn't have the staff to comb through tons of edits. If a user would like to make a positive contribution to a page then I think it would be wise for them to create an account. This locking action would only be for anonymous users. You may not like this idea but at the same time I would expect you to understand the need for professionalism. The Muggles' Guide is very organized and I'd rather have edit waves like this managed with a little bit more quality control. This can be as simple as creating an account and establishing a real presence here. There are plenty of common or "mistake" pages we block or restrict here for anonymous users. I guess this issue might be something some people just fundamentally disagree with. -within focus 19:46, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't prefer this method. I'd much rather have a bot that sweeps the book's namespace. Based on past work with Herby on the book, I know this technically can be done but am interested in a tool that will accomplish it (or someone to make the action for me since I don't use bots). -within focus 19:34, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not really interested at all in creating or using a bot that can perform Admin tasks such as page protections. Something like that really should be put up for community discussion before we try to do it, because it is a departure from how Admin tools are currently employed. Considering that bots can be a touchy subject, it's much better (and will be much less hassle) to use the cascading protection option.
 * Also, in response to Xania, Page protections are provided precisely for the reasons that a certain page is being misused. A millon newbie page tests will have the same effect as a concentrated vandalism attack. Protecting one page, or even a swath of related pages, will help to keep high-risk pages from going to hell. We don't protect pages to scare away users, we protect pages to protect content and prevent future problems. I see no reason why we couldn't page protect an entire book if the situation called for it. However, i will stipulate that it should likely be a very serious situation, and that the page protection should be very short-lived. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 19:42, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * If I recall correctly there already exist bots that can perform this action. I also see this as the community discussion since it involves the people who use the tools. -within focus 19:49, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Fair enough, I won't argue the point. I guess I don't understand the preference to using a bot over a cascading protection. A cascading protection can be done in one click, And should take effect immediately. A bot would have to go page-by-page, and in the worst case it could take several seconds to several minutes to perform all the page protections depending on the speed of your computer and the latency of the server. It would seem to me that for a truely critical situation the cascading protection would be more immediate and therefore more usefull. In terms of ease-of-use as well, the cascading protection is just one button click, and isn't going to be prone to the bugs and other nonsense that a bot could have. It might just be me, but that really does seem like the better solution. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 20:01, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Hope I'm not out of place here; I'm not an admin, but as the person who started this whole mess, it occurred to me that it might be useful for me to mention my thinking here. The thing is, we have had a lot of vandalism in the Muggle's Guide already, and we have dealt with it; but a lot of it has been people gratuitously posting spoilers in various places. With the release of the final book in the series, I think that we can expect to see a lot of posting of spoilers on the public pages of the project, and I was hoping to avoid a lot of that. The technique we use to protect the project does not matter; we have prior warning of the onset of this particular issue so the time it takes a bot to walk the list is immaterial. And this is a one-time thing, there will not be anything of this magnitude happening after this. Whatever people are more comfortable with, I think... Chazz (talk) 20:44, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * OK I can see why protection may be necessary but I would prefer protection only to be used when we see that it is necessary and not pre-emptive. The ability for anyone to add anything is central to Wiki projects so I would prefer to see an increase in vandalism before such measures are used. Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]]talk 21:09, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Bot or cascade, both are fine really, it's just that the unlock will most likely need to be a bot action. I believe we have over 500 pages in the Muggles' Guide so automation is important. We can also wait to see if undesirable edits develop and withhold locking until then. -within focus 22:23, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * If we're going to wait until inappropriate edits start happening, I suspect that the cascade approach would be better, simply for the sake of speed... unlocking is not so critical, as we can always say "We're working on it, if you want a head start just get an ID." As for "how many pages": I make it 615. Chazz (talk) 23:04, 11 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Unfortunately, I really think that we have to wait until a problem arises. We aren't really in the habit of protecting pages--especially book pages--without a clear and present reason. Now if there is a problem though, You can be certain that there will be plenty of help if you need it. I'll look around for bots that can protect/unprotect the pages just in case a better solution cannot be found. Also, considering that no books have ever been mass-protected before, We should definitely err on the side of caution with this. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 00:11, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Much as I hate to say it, I think you have a very good point. We do have time to prepare, in any event. The target date is 21 July; book 7 will be released at 0001 UTC. Chazz (talk) 00:50, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * An easy alternative is to use DynamicPageList to monitor the book for most recent edits (assuming the book is fully categorized). See User:SB_Johnny/MGtest for an example (it only uses the main category there, but you can add others). -- SB_Johnny | talk 09:16, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * If all you want is RC on pages in a single category, you can use, e.g. Special:Recentchangeslinked/Category:Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter. But that won't reduce the effort much, if a bazillion new anon page edits / moves happen in the first 48 hours of a book release. Webaware talk 09:45, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Two things to consider as well: first, once the edits have started, it is entirely possible that at least some pages will be edited to be no longer in the Muggles' Guide category. It's easier for a vandal to do that – edit, Ctrl-A, start typing – than it is to retain the category. And second, a lot of the concerned editors may well be off line during the danger period – I know I will be, deliberately, because I want to read the ruddy thing myself. Chazz (talk) 15:58, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

(reset tabs) Well, vandalism may (and probably will) happen, but new contributors might come by too, and protecting the whole book isn't going to encourage them. HerbyThyme might or might not be around for the onslaught (RealLife stuff for him), but Xania is on Italian time, Az_1568 is on Pacific time, and Whiteknight is around a lot these days too (I'm around from 4-6 AM EDT, and whenever it happens to be raining (like it is at the moment)). We are, thankfully, not short-staffed admin-wise any longer though more would be merrier. Protecting an entire book -- particularly a book that intellegent young people might want to help write -- is not a good way to ensure the long-term health of our project (some of those young Harry Potter fans might later help write textbooks for particle physics or automotive repair). The best defense against vandals is to make sure that all of our trusted users have admin tools so that they can use them when they need them (hint, hint, Chazz and Webaware!), rather than needing to hope that some other admin will happen to be around when there's trouble (this is a wiki, after all... we're supposed to fix problems when we see them). -- SB_Johnny | talk 18:51, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Don't have time right now for picking up admin responsibilities, but will gladly add the Muggle's guide cat to my RC rounds when it pops up in July and will watch the full RC from time to time (as I do now). But Chazz has a valid point, it will take extreme vigilance to keep a lid on this if a squillion new anon editors descend on the book, and "defences" are effectively just "clean up after the marauding hordes". In every other sphere (health, work safety, military, software design, manufacturing, driving, etc.) prevention is preferable to repair - so why can't we apply that here, just short term until the madness passes? Webaware talk 00:04, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

 * The only "responsibility" here is to just block an account or IP that you notice actively vandalizing while doing RC patrolling... it's just 3 buttons, not a wedding vow :).
 * The problem with protecting the book for that reason is that with those 100 vandals that will be attracted by the attention, there will also almost certainly be a few earnest new contributors, and our protection tool can't block anons without also blocking new accounts (hence the problems new editors have with adding things to bookshelf templates). Every book, wiki, etc. will be vandalized from time to time. When something's in the news, there will be more vandals. But when something's in the news there will also be new users interested in contributing. We have to just deal with vandalism, but we can't thrive without new contributors. -- SB_Johnny | talk 00:33, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I think we (as a community) should create the page of all Muggles Guide pages in advance in anticipation that protecting the whole thing may be necessary on the 21st. Also we should gather a group of admins to watch the guide closely between mid July and mid August. I will be available in July to help. I also think that this is a tremendous opportunity for the Muggles guide to get some new contributors (and possibly attract some attention to Wikibooks as well.) I think those of us with interest and knowledge should all think about pitching in on the Muggles Guide in the upcoming weeks to prepare it for the large number of visitors it might receive July 14th-28th. Maybe Chazz or Webaware withinfocus could create/point us to a to-do list and organize a barn-raising of sorts. -- xixtas talk 14:04, 22 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Another preparatory step that might be useful is putting an informational template at the top of the Muggles guide pages that could be used for a book-wide announcement on the 20th. ("Please don't post spoilers... blah blah..") -- xixtas talk 14:11, 22 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Almost everything you would need to know about editing the project can be found here. If anyone would like to create a full list of Muggles' Guide pages with perhaps a bot that would be great, but this link might suffice for watching the book. I do hope that we can get some new editors and get a new bunch of content additions going. The entire book is basically outlined and all editors have to do is edit existing pages in their respective sections. There's a lot of structure to the book and so as long as people don't bust out new content (which should be relatively small if anything) we'll be running smoothly. If someone would like to be creative with some sort of Harry Potter template to post on the pages that would be awesome. I personally am not that template-creative but we do have a Wikijunior editor here who seems to write creative things pretty well ... -within focus 19:05, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

I have created a page linking to all current book pages to facilitate protecting the whole book should it become advisable to do so. The page is at Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/All pages -- xixtas talk 01:35, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, I'm wittering on about project locks again... I just finished reading the RfD for the plot detail of book 6 over on Wikipedia, and one of the things that came up there was that the timing of the appearance of the summary was bad: it appeared immediately after the book itself came out, and so could be seen as copyvio: by publishing a detail summary so soon, there was the appearance of trying to cut into book sales by providing a free equivalent. Is this something that we are likely to run afoul of? Chazz (talk) 21:55, 12 July 2007 (UTC)

Robbywilliams255
I don't know what to make of this:

Special:Contributions/Robbywilliams255

Opinions? --Jomegat 16:42, 13 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I deleted the pages as they only contained spam and warned the user. I'd probably block if the user continued to create spam pages tho. --Az1568(Talk) 17:10, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks Az. That was what I was thinking too. --Jomegat 17:38, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Endorsements now open for Wikimedia Foundation Board
Please post this notice to as many high-visibility locations as make sense for this community

The Wikimedia Board Election Steering Committee invites all community members to endorse candidates they support. Endorsements may be submitted on meta now till next Saturday, 23:59 June 23, 2007.

Each qualified community member can submit up to three endorsements. Please note several things: - Only confirmed candidates are listed, so the list can be updated during the endorsements phase. - You need an account on meta, not just the project that you are qualified to vote under, unless you meet the criteria on meta too. - Please link your meta user page and your home wiki page. Detailed procedure can be found on the meta endorsement page.

All information is available on meta at: On endorsements: http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Board_elections/2007/Endorsements/en On candidates each: http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Board_elections/2007/Candidates/en Election general: http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Board_elections/2007/en FAQ: http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Board_elections/2007/FAQ/en

Questions about election are welcome at: http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Talk:Board_elections/2007/FAQ

Thanks to devoted volunteering translators, those pages are also available in some languages other than English.

Thank you for your attention, we look forward to your participation.

For the election committee, - Philippe | Talk 00:35, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

"Wikiversity:" Namespace
Not many people might be aware of this, but the pages from the "Wikiversity:" namespace were not deleted when the interwiki prefix for wikiversity was created. All the pages in that namespace, including some pages that were used in conjunction with our books, were essentially lost because they could not be reached by the system.

Well, all that has now been fixed, and all the "lost" pages are now found. All the pages that were in the "wikiversity:" namespace have been renamed to start with "Wikiversity-" instead. You can find a complete list of these pages at Special:Prefixindex/Wikiversity-. What we need to do is go through these pages, determine if any information in them is salvagable (like it can be used here by our books, or if it still needs to be moved to wikiversity), and possibly delete pages that aren't being used. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 22:10, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

User:MS SEXY
Probably harmless (although perhaps a bit creepy). Does this violate the "no offensive usernames" policy? if not, should we perhaps consider a "no creepy usernames" policy? --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 02:43, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Not the latest Microsoft API for extranets then? Webaware talk 05:08, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

 * You don't know about Redmond, but I wouldn't doubt that some team there hasn't at least made it a code name for a future product. :) In all seriousness, my experience with people who make crazy and off the wall user names like this usually are just playing with the user name creation system of the Wiki and nothing more. Although on some rare occasion I've seen them (particularly on Wikipedia) become a very major and significant contributor... more often because once they get started with a few edits it becomes additive and what was something as a lighthearted romp turns into something much more significant. Blatantly obvious user names that are offensive, which either use hate words, impersonate others (such as the various Jimbo Wales wannabe trolls), or use obvious swear words certainly should be deleted.  This one is a borderline case, but it only ranks on my smell-o-meter as something to watch closely and not necessarily something to be killed on sight.  --Rob Horning 13:04, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't understand. How could this username possibly be a violation?  Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Italy.svg|15px]]talk 21:39, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Rob, nothing Redmond does could possibly rival the guys at Motorola in Texas. Guess what they called the 6809 instruction for Sign-EXtending an 8-bit accumulator into a 16-bit one, i.e. where A gets its end-bit into B to make D?
 * I'm with Xania on this one; a silly name, but not offensive. Not even particularly silly, in the scheme of things. For a time, my now-wife went by the nickname "Ms Completely" (to her chagrin). Webaware talk 01:54, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

 * No. I see nothing wrong with it. Probably a moot point anyway. -- xixtas talk 02:09, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Let's not be reactionary with usernames. Hateful and vulgar names shouldn't be permitted, but silly names like this seem fine to me. They might want to change it later, but we have b'crats a-plenty here, so changes won't cause problems.
 * Keep in mind that some names like this might be created for SUL-related issues. This one apparently wasn't created for that reason, but with the exception of globally offensive usernames, we probably shouldn't assume bad intent. -- SB_Johnny | talk 14:38, 1 July 2007 (UTC)

Citing sources
This page was created with an unhelpful message. Any suggestions on good text to replace it with? It is linked to by pages using the fact and uncited templates. Webaware talk 23:56, 29 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Deleted for now, can replace with something appropriate later. -within focus 01:42, 30 June 2007 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Asarwary

Hi Asarwary, I know you've been here for a while, I just wanted to thank you for your good work on the Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience book, keep up the good work! Feel free to ask us if you have any questions on the Staff lounge, or you can post a message on my Talk page. Good luck! Mattb112885 (talk to me) 14:29, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Timeline.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:Timeline.jpg. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikibooks because of copyright law, and requires that we maintain a strict copyright policy. The image that may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and status.

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikibooks are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information or giving false information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask another Wikibookian at the help desk. Thank you.

Also related images. Please note that you can create tables in Wiki markup, and that this would be preferable to using images. See Help:Table for more information. Webaware talk 14:39, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Asarwary


text:
User talk:MightyPython

Welcome, !

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 14:30, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:MightyPython


text:
User talk:Slomoman~enwikibooks

Welcome, !

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 14:35, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Slomoman. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Slomoman~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:42, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:30, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Slomoman~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:80.163.68.122

Welcome to Wikibooks. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our collection. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 15:39, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:80.163.68.122


text:
Talk:Relationships

About

 * Started: 28 June 2006
 * Size: 57,000 words. (June 2009)

Focus on Heterosexual relationships
I'd suggest that at least cursory mention of "gay/lesbian" relationships be included, and preferably a "how men select men" and "how women select women" section be added alongside their Heterosexual counterparts. Riffraffselbow (talk) 03:20, 3 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Creating the missing sections can be requested but not enforced. A solution would be to restrict the scope of the book to cover only Heterosexual relationships this can be done by a rename of the work. Would you (or anyone else) be willing to provide the missing content ? Would you be satisfied by a renaming of the book ? --Panic (talk) 07:47, 23 November 2009 (UTC)

I have not read this book, but from a cursory overview, I would agree that this book seems to have a number of serious problems, such as perpetuating gender stereotypes, use of patriarchal and sexist language, and bias toward cisgender heterosexuality. It would probably need an extensive rewrite in order to correct these systemic errors. There would be no way really to just retitle the book, other than something like "Inaccurate Perspectives on Relationships." I that think the simplest way to resolve this without an extensive rewrite would be to add a disclaimer in the introduction, that the information in this book is neither comprehensive nor necessarily accurate. Nicole Sharp (discuss • contribs) 00:16, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

relationship status

 * Hi guys can u date two guys at the same time then choose who u want, if so how Hazel ngwenya (discuss • contribs) 15:15, 4 September 2015 (UTC)
 * I don't think so thats kinda bad Brittoney McKenzie (discuss • contribs) 17:21, 10 August 2016 (UTC)
 * You are free to do whatever you like in a relationship, but it should only be with consent. If both guys are aware that you dating both of them, and consent to that, then it is okay.  Nicole Sharp (discuss • contribs) 00:19, 30 May 2017 (UTC)

title: Talk:Relationships


text:
User:Mike Hayes

Mike Hayes

I speak Turkish at a beginner's level. The template doesn't work properly with tr-1. Anyone know why? Mike Hayes (talk) 20:58, 27 August 2008 (UTC)
 * It seems to be fixed. Mike Hayes (discuss • contribs) 23:20, 2 April 2011 (UTC)

title: User:Mike Hayes


text:
User:Mike hayes

Mike Hayes has contributed one article of his own and has corrected typos, punctuation and bad English in many articles written by other people in English Wikipedia. He might be described as an "editor-at-large". He has also made minor additions to French, Afrikaans, German, Dutch and Italian Wikipedias mainly in the form of links to external sources and references, including cross-links between English Wikipedia and other language Wikipedias when no article exists in the same language. He has done a few translations from other language Wikipedias into English and Afrikaans. Mike Hayes 16:49, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Mike hayes


text:
First Aid/Legal Liability

Good Samaritan Laws
Good Samaritan laws in the United States and Canada are laws that reduce the liability to those who choose to aid others who are injured or ill, though it does not protect you from being sued, it just significantly reduces your liability. Ontario's Good Samaritan Act is one example of such legislation. They are intended to reduce bystanders' hesitation to assist, for fear of being prosecuted for unintentional injury or wrongful death. In other countries (as well as the Canadian province of Quebec), Good Samaritan laws describe a legal requirement for citizens to assist people in distress, unless doing so would put themselves in harm's way. Citizens are often required to, at minimum, call the local emergency number.

Check with your government for applicable legislation in your area. Typically, the Good Samaritan legislation does not cover an individual who exceeds their training level or scope of practice; nor would you be protected against gross negligence.

General guidelines

 * 1) Unless a caretaker relationship (such as a parent-child or doctor-patient relationship) exists prior to the illness or injury, or the "Good Samaritan" is responsible for the existence of the illness or injury, no person is required to give aid of any sort to a victim.
 * 2) Any first aid provided must not be in exchange for any reward or financial compensation. As a result, medical professionals are typically not protected by Good Samaritan laws when performing first aid in connection with their employment.
 * 3) If aid begins, the responder must not leave the scene until:
 * 4) *It is necessary in order to call for needed medical assistance.
 * 5) *Somebody of equal or higher ability can take over.
 * 6) *Continuing to give aid is unsafe (this can be as simple as a lack of adequate protection against potential diseases, such as vinyl, latex, or nitrile gloves to protect against blood-borne pathogens) — a responder can never be forced to put himself or herself in danger to aid another person.
 * 7) The responder is not legally liable for the death, disfigurement or disability of the victim as long as the responder acted rationally, in good faith, and in accordance with their level of training.

Negligence
Negligence requires three elements to be proven:
 * Duty of care
 * You had a duty to care for the victim.
 * Often, if you begin first aid, then a duty of care exists.

 * Standard of care was not met
 * You didn't perform first aid properly, or went beyond your level of training.
 * The standard of care is what a reasonable person with similar training would do in similar circumstances.

 * Causation
 * The damages caused were your fault.
 * Causation requires proof that your act or omission caused the damages.

Assisting with Medications
Assisting with medications can be a vital component during a medical emergency. Assisting with medications includes helping the victim locate the medication, taking the cap off of a bottle of pills, and reading the label to ensure that the victim is going to take the right medication. Assisting, however, does not imply actually administering the medication—this is an advanced level skill, which, if done, may open you up to liability from going beyond your level of training. However, by assisting, you may be able to help the victim find their medications more quickly, resulting in an improved outcome.

title: First Aid/Legal Liability


text:
Transwiki:Automated external defibrillator

An Automated External Defibrillator or AED is a portable electronic device that automatically diagnoses the potentially life threatening cardiac arrhythmias of ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia in a patient, and is able to treat them by application of electrical therapy which stops the arrhythmia, allowing the heart to re-establish an effective rhythm.

AEDs are designed to be simple to use for the layman, and the use of AEDs is taught in many first aid, first responder and basic life support (BLS) level CPR classes.

Usage
An automated external defibrillator is used in cases of life threatening cardiac arrhythmias, which may lead, or have lead to cardiac arrest. The rhythms the device will treat is usually limited to:
 * Ventricular fibrillation (shortened to VF or V-Fib)
 * Pulseless Ventricular tachycardia (shortened to VT or V-Tach)

AEDs (and all other defibrillators) are not designed to shock asystole or 'flat line' patterns, as this will not have a positive clinical outcome. The asystolic patient only has a chance of survival if, through a combination of CPR and cardiac stimulant drugs, one of the shockable rhythms can be established, which makes it imperative for CPR to be carried out by any lay rescuer prior to the arrival of a defibrillator.

In each of the two types of shockable cardiac arrhythmia, the heart is in activity (possibly even beating), yet in an unusual pattern, which can be life-threatening if left uncorrected. In ventricular fibrillation, the electrical activity of the heart becomes chaotic, preventing the ventricle from effectively pumping blood. In ventricular tachycardia, the heart beats too fast to effectively pump blood. Frequently, ventricular tachycardia leads to ventricular fibrillation. The fibrillation in the heart decreases over time, and will eventually reach Asystole, with an absence of any rhythm.

Uncorrected, these cardiac conditions rapidly lead to irreversible brain damage and death. After approximately three minutes, irreversible brain/tissue damage occurs. For every minute that a person in cardiac arrest goes without being successfully treated (by defibrillation), the chance of survival decreases by 10 percent.

AED's are designed to be used by laypersons, who ideally should have received specialist training. They are usually limited in their interventions to delivering high joule shocks for VF and VT. This is in contrast to more sophisticated manual and semi-automatic defibrillators used by health professionals, which can act as a pacemaker if the heart rate is too slow (bradycardia) and perform other functions which require a skilled operator, able to read electrocardiograms.

Placement
Automated external defibrillators are generally either held by trained personnel who will attend incidents, or are public access units which can be found in places including corporate and government offices, shopping centers, airports, restaurants, casinos, hotels, sports stadiums, schools and universities, community centers, fitness centers and health clubs.

The locating of a public access AED should take in to account where large groups of people gather, and the risk category associated with these people, to ascertain whether the risk of a sudden cardiac arrest incident is high. For example, a centre for teenage children is a particularly low risk category (as children very rarely enter heart rhythms such as VF or VT, being generally young and fit, and the most common cause of paediatric cardiac arrest is trauma - where an AED is no use), whereas a large office building with a high ratio of males over 50 is a very high risk environment.

In many areas, emergency services vehicles are likely to carry AEDs, with some Ambulances carrying an AED in addition to a manual unit. In addition, some police or fire service vehicles carry an AED for first responder use. Some areas have dedicated community first responders, who are volunteers tasking with keeping an AED and taking it to any victims in their area. It is also increasingly common to find AEDs on transport such as commercial airlines and cruise ships.

In order to make them highly visible, public access AEDs often are brightly coloured, and are mounted in protective cases near the entrance of a building. When these protective cases are opened, and the defibrillator removed, some will sound a buzzer to alert nearby staff to their removal but do not necessarily summon emergency services. All trained AED operators should also know to phone for an Ambulance when sending for or using an AED, as the patient will be unconscious, which always requires ambulance attendance.

A trend now being seen is the purchase of AEDs to be kept and used in the home, particularly by those with known existing heart conditions. The number of devices in the community has grown as prices have fallen to affordable levels (in line with a large television). There has been some concern amongst medical professionals that these home users do not necessarily have appropriate training, and many advocate the more widespread use of community responders, who can be appropriately trained and managed.

Typically, an AED kit will contain a face shield, for providing a barrier between patient and first aider during rescue breathing; a pair of Nitrile rubber non-allergenic gloves; a pair of Tuff cuts scissors, for cutting through a patient's clothing to expose the chest; a small towel for wiping away any moisture on the chest and a razor for shaving those with very hairy chests.

Preparation for operation
Most manufacturers recommend checking the AED before every 'duty' or on a regular basis if a fixed unit. Some units need to be switched on in order to perform its self check. Other models, such as the one pictured, have a self check system built in, with a visible indicator.

All manufacturers mark their pads with an expiry date, and it is important to ensure that the pads are in date. This is usually marked on the outside of the pads. Some models are designed to make this date visible through a 'window', although others will require the opening of the case to find the date stamp.

Mechanism of operation
An AED is called external because the operator applies the electrode pads to the bare chest of the victim, as opposed to internal defibrillators, which have electrodes surgically implanted inside the body of a patient.

The 'Automatic' part of the title refers to the unit's ability to autonomously analyse the patient's condition, and to assist this, the vast majority of units have spoken prompts, and some may also have visual displays to instruct the user.

When turned on, or opened, the AED will instruct the user to connect the electrodes (pads) to the patient. Once the pads are attached to the patient, everyone should avoid touching the victim so as to avoid false readings by the unit. The pads allow the AED to examine the electrical output from the heart and determines if the patient is in a viable, shockable rhythm (either ventricular fibrillation or ventricular tachycardia). If the device determines that a shock is viable, it will use the battery to charge it's internal capacitor in preparation to deliver the shock. This system is not only safer (charging only when required), but also allows for a faster delivery of the electrical current.

When charged, the device instructs the user to ensure no one is touching the victim and then to press a button to deliver the shock. Human intervention is usually required to deliver the shock to the patient, to avoid the possibility of accidents. After the shock is delivered, the device will either instruct the user to commence CPR, or will continue to monitor the heart rhythm of the patient to determine if another shock is necessary.

Many AED units have an 'event memory', which store the ECG of the patient along with details of the time the unit was activated and the number and strength of any shocks delivered. Some units also have voice recording facilities, to monitor the actions taken by the personnel, to ascertain if these had any impact on the survival outcome. All this memorised data can be either downloaded to a computer, or printed out, so that the providing organisation, or responsible body (such as a coroner) can see the effectiveness of both CPR and defibrillation on the patients heart.

AEDs available to the public may be semi-automatic or fully automatic. Fully automatic units are likely to have few buttons, often activating as soon as the case is opened, and possibly just one button to shock, or in some cases, this will be performed automatically. The user has no input in to the operation of the unit, apart from attaching the pads, and following the prompts. Health care professionals, and other trained persons, may use a Semi-Automatic defibrillator, which is likely to have an ECG readout display, and the possibility to override the rhythm analysis software. This allows trained personnel to give a higher standard of care, shocking at specific times in the cycle.

The first commercially available AEDS were all of a monophasic type, which gave a high-energy shock, up to 360 to 400 joules depending on the model. This caused increased cardiac injury and in some cases second- and third-degree burns around the shock pad sites. Newer AEDs (manufactured after late 2003) have tended to utilise biphasic algorithms which give two sequential lower-energy shocks of 120 - 200 joules, with each shock moving in an opposite polarity between the pads. This lower-energy waveform has proven more effective in clinical tests, as well as offering a reduced rate of complications and reduced recovery time.

Simplicity of use
Unlike regular defibrillators, an automated external defibrillator requires very little training to use. It automatically diagnoses the heart rhythm and determines if a shock is needed. Automatic models will administer the shock without the user's command. Semi-automatic models will tell the user that a shock is needed, but the user must tell the machine to do so, usually by pressing a button. In most circumstances, the user cannot override a "no shock" advisory by an AED. Some AEDs can even be used on children (those under 55 lbs [25 kg] in weight, or under age 8). If a particular model of AED is approved for pediatric use, all that is required is the use of more appropriate pads. Some organizations, such as the American Heart Association, recommend that if pediatric AED pads are not available, adult pads should be used to determine if the child is in a shockable rhythm. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that a child, in a shockable cardiac arrest, can be "hurt" by an adult defibrillation energy setting.

All AEDs approved for use in the United States] use a electronic voice to prompt users through each step. Because the user of an AED may be deaf or hard of hearing, many AEDs now include a screen to provide visual prompts. Most units today are designed for use by non-medical operators. Their ease of use has given rise to the notion of public access defibrillation (PAD), which experts agree has the potential to be the single greatest advance in the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest since the invention of CPR.

Liability
Most health professionals agree that automated external defibrillators are so easy to use that most, if not all, states in the United States now include the "good faith" use of an AED by any person under the Good Samaritan laws. "Good faith" protection under a Good Samaritan law means that a first aid responder cannot be held civilly liable for the harm or death of a victim by providing improper or inadequate care, given that the harm or death was not intentional (and other certain circumstances). In the United States, Good Samaritan laws provide protection for the use of AEDs by trained and untrained responders, to a point. Even for trained providers, AEDs provide little liability if used correctly, in fact even the NREMT-B and many state EMT and almost all CPR classes offered incorporate AED education as parts of their program. In addition to the Good Smaritan laws, Ontario in Canada also has the “Chase McEachern Act (Heart Defibrillator Civil Liability), 2007 (Bill 171 – Subsection N)” passed in June, 2007 This legislation now protects individuals from liability for damages that may occur from their use of an AED to save someone’s life at the immediate scene of an emergency, unless damages are caused by gross negligence.


text:
First Aid/Airway Management

Airway Management
Airway management is the process of ensuring that:
 * 1) There is an open pathway between a patient’s lungs and the outside world, and
 * 2) The lungs are safe from aspiration.

Head tilt/Chin lift
The simplest way of ensuring an open airway in an unconscious patient is to use a head tilt chin lift technique, thereby lifting the tongue from the back of the throat.

Jaw thrust
ILCOR no longer advocates use of the jaw thrust, even for spinal-injured victims. Instead, continue use of the head-tilt chin-lift. If there is no risk of spinal injury, it is preferable to use the head-tilt chin-lift procedure which is easier to perform and maintain.

Oral Airways
There are a variety of artificial airways which can be used to keep a pathway between the lungs and mouth/nose.

An oropharyngeal airway can be used to prevent the tongue from blocking the airway. When these airways are inserted properly, the rescuer does not need to manually open the airway. Aspiration of blood, vomitus, and other fluids can still occur.

It is only possible to insert an oral airway when the patient is completely unconscious or does not have a gag reflex. If the patient begins to gag after inserting the oral airway, remove it immediately.

Use and contraindications
The correct size is chosen by measuring against the patient's head (from the earlobe to the corner of the lips). The airway is then inserted into the patient's mouth upside down. Once contact is made with the back of the throat, the airway is rotated 180 degrees, allowing for easy insertion, and assuring that the tongue is secured. Measuring is very important, as the flared ends of the airway must rest securely against the lips to remain secure.

To remove the device, it is pulled out following the curvature of the tongue; no rotation is necessary.

The airway does not remove the need for the recovery position: it does not prevent suffocation by liquids (blood, saliva, food, cerebrospinal fluid) or the closing of the glottis.

The mains risks of its use are: Correction: Airway is measured from the centre of the lips to the angle of the jaw. This is the international method as used by ambulance services.
 * if the patient has a gag-reflex they may vomit
 * when it is too large, it can close the glottis and thus close the airway
 * improper sizing can cause bleeding in the airway

Nasopharyngeal Airways (NPA)
In the case of an unconscious person who still possesses a gag reflex, the nasopharyngeal airway may be used to maintain an open airway. The airway can come and many different sizes and, since every person is unique, a different size will be used for each individual case.

The correct size is measured against the patient's head (from nostril to earlobe). The airway is inserted with the bevelled side towards the nostrils until the entire airway is inside the patient's nasal cavity. The airway should be well lubricated using a water-based lubricant prior to insertion. This will prevent any excessive damage of the nasal airway during insertion. Some minor bleeding may occur due to the breaking of nasal capillaries, however, as a result of the insertion of the airway, it is not life-threatening.

Contraindications

 * Severe spinal/head injuries (risk of pressurizing leaking cerebrospinal fluid or CSF)

Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM)
A bag valve mask (also known as a BVM or Ambu bag, which is a brand name) is a hand-held device used to provide ventilation to a victim who is not breathing. The device is self fills with air, although it may be connected to an oxygen system.

Use of the BVM to ventilate a victim is frequently called "bagging." Bagging is regularly necessary when the victim's breathing is insufficient or has ceased completely. The BVM is used in order to manually provide mechanical ventilation in preference to mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (either direct or through an adjunct such as a pocket mask).

Components
The BVM consists of a flexible air chamber, about the size of an American football, attached to a face mask via a shutter valve. When the air chamber or "bag" is squeezed, the device forces air into the victim's lungs; when the bag is released, it self-inflates, drawing in ambient air or oxygen supplied from a tank. A bag valve mask can be used without being attached to an oxygen tank to provide air to the victim, but supplemental oxygen is recommended since it increases the amount of oxygen reaching the victim. Some devices also have a reservoir which can fill with oxygen while the patient is exhaling (a process which happens passively), in order to increase the amount of oxygen that can be delivered to the victim by about twofold. A BVM should have a valve which prevents the victim from rebreathing exhaled air and which can connect to tubing to allow oxygen to be provided through the mask.

Bag valve masks come in different sizes to fit infants, children, and adults. Some types of the device are disposable, while others are designed to be cleaned, disinfected, and reused.

Use
The BVM directs the gas inside it via a one-way valve when compressed by a rescuer; the gas is then delivered through a mask and into the victim's airway and into the lungs. In order to be effective, a BVM must deliver between 700 and 1000 milliliters of air to the victim's lungs, but if oxygen is provided through the tubing and if the victim's chest rises with each inhalation (indicating that adequate amounts of air are reaching the lungs), 400 to 600 ml may still be adequate. Squeezing the bag once every 5 seconds for an adult or once every 3 seconds for an infant or child provides an adequate respiratory rate (12 respirations per minute in an adult and 20 per minute in a child or infant).

Professional rescuers are taught to ensure that the mask portion of the BVM is properly sealed around the patient's face (that is, to ensure proper "mask seal"); otherwise, air escapes from the mask and is not pushed into the lungs. In order to maintain this seal, some protocols use a method of ventilation involving two rescuers: one rescuer to hold the mask to the patient's face with both hands and ensure a mask seal, while the other squeezes the bag. However, to make better use of available rescuers, the BVM can be operated by a single rescuer who holds the mask to the victim's face with one hand (using a C-grip), and squeezes the bag with the other.

When using a BVM, as with other methods of ventilation, there is a risk of overinflating the lungs. This can lead to pressure damage to the lungs themselves, and can also cause air to enter the stomach, causing gastric distention which can make it more difficult to inflate the lungs and which can cause the victim to vomit. This can be avoided by care on behalf of the rescuer. Alternatively, some models of BVM are fitted with a valve which prevents overinflation, by blocking the outlet pipe when a certain pressure is reached, though they should all be able to be bypassed in a situation where more pressure is needed, such as in anaphylaxis.

Suction Devices
In the case of a victim who vomits or has other secretions in the airway, these techniques will not be enough. Suitably trained first aiders may use suction to clean out the airway, although this may not always be possible. A unconscious victim who is vomiting or has copious secretions in the mouth should be turned into the semi-prone position when there is no suction equipment available, as this allows (to a certain extent) the drainage of fluids out of the mouth instead of down the trachea.

title: First Aid/Airway Management


text:
First Aid/Triage

Triage is a system used by of rationing limited medical resources when the number of injured needing care exceeds the resources available to perform care so as to treat those patients in most need of treatment who are able to benefit first. The term comes from the French word for sort.

Simple Triage And Evacuation (START)
START is a simple triage system that first aiders can learn to use with little training. Simple triage identifies which persons need advanced medical care. In START, persons should be treated and evacuated as follows:

 * DECEASED are left where they fell, covered if necessary; note that in START a person is not triaged "DECEASED" unless they are not breathing and pulseless and an effort to reposition their airway has been unsuccessful.
 * IMMEDIATE or Priority 1 (red) evacuation by MEDEVAC if available or ambulance as they need advanced medical care at once or within 1 hour. These people are in critical condition and would die without immediate assistance.
 * DELAYED or Priority 2 (yellow) can have their medical evacuation delayed until all IMMEDIATE persons have been transported. These people are in stable condition but require medical assistance.
 * MINOR or Priority 3 (green) are not evacuated until all IMMEDIATE and DELAYED persons have been evacuated. These will not need advanced medical care for at least several hours.  Continue to re-triage in case their condition worsens. These people are able to walk, and may only require bandages and antiseptic.

title: First Aid/Triage


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Xenophilius Lovegood

Overview
Xenophilius Lovegood is the father of Luna Lovegood and publisher of The Quibbler.

Order of the Phoenix
Luna Lovegood tells Hermione that her father is the publisher of The Quibbler, but we do not meet him or learn his name.

Deathly Hallows
Xenophilius attends the wedding of Bill Weasley and Fleur Delacour wearing stunningly bright robes and a large device consisting of a triangle, with a circle and line inscribed in it. Viktor Krum, who is at the wedding, tells a disguised Harry that that symbol was used by the evil magician Grindelwald for his movement.

Harry, Ron, and Hermione, while they are on the run later, hear that The Quibbler is printing stories supportive of Harry. They go to visit Xenophilius; he seems reluctant to invite them in, but eventually does so, saying that he has to send an owl to fetch Luna, who is down past the bridge catching Plimpies for soup. Explaining that the symbol he had worn was the sigil of the three Deathly Hallows, he asks Hermione to read the story of the Three Brothers from her copy of the Tales of Beedle the Bard. The three brothers receive items from Death, because they have tricked him: one asks for a wand more powerful than any other, one asks for a stone that can return people from death, and one asks for Death's own invisibility cloak. Xenophilius explains that these are the three Hallows, and the symbols of them are the triangle for the invisibility cloak, the circle for the resurrection stone, and the line for the wand.

Xenophilius then departs to make some soup, and Harry investigates an upstairs room, finding what is evidently Luna's room, with painted portraits of himself and other members of Dumbledore's Army. He discovers that it has apparently not been used for some time, which is odd; Luna should be home for Christmas break. When Xenophilius returns, Harry asks him again where Luna is; the printing press, which has been making copies of the Quibbler all this time, suddenly spits an entire stack of papers over the floor, and Harry finds that the Quibbler has suddenly taken up the official Ministry line, that Harry is "Undesirable Number One" and should be arrested.

Xenophilius admits that he has sent an owl to the Ministry; Luna is being held captive to force him to toe the party line. As the Ministry wizards arrive, Xenophilius attempts to Stun Harry, but misses and causes an Erumpent horn (which he had purchased believing it to be the horn of a Crumple-Horned Snorkack) to explode. Hermione, Ron, and Harry make their escape in the confusion, making sure that the Death Eaters see Harry and Hermione so that Xenophilius will not be punished for lying about Harry being there.

We hear later that Xenophilius has been arrested, though we don't hear details.

Strengths
It is never made clear whether it is strength of character or inability to perceive his own difference, but Xeno steadfastly marches to the beat of his own drummer, no matter what the Wizarding population in general thinks of him.

Weaknesses
Xeno's love of the strange and willingness to experiment has left him open to accepting an almost astounding number of crackpot theories, many of which we hear at second hand from his daughter Luna. It is these crackpot theories which have made his publication, The Quibbler, something of a laughing stock.

Relationships with Other Characters
The only thing that apparently can make Xeno toe the "party line" seems to be the capturing of his daughter. He is willing to go to extreme lengths, abandoning his own principles and turning Harry over to the Ministry, in order to regain Luna's freedom. This is possibly because, since his wife died, Luna is his only family.

Analysis
"Xenophilius" is accurately named, as it translates to "love of the strange" or "love of strange things."

The seventh book requires that Harry be taught the nature of the Deathly Hallows, and the plot line requires that it be fairly late in the story, so that he may understand their nature more gradually than Dumbledore did. Dumbledore knew that he was seen as being authoritative. While he knew that the Hallows existed, and where they were, he also knew that if he passed that information on to Harry, it would cause Harry to pursue them, rather than seeking and destroying Horcruxes. While Dumbledore did leave a few hints to the nature of the Hallows for Harry to find, there are many which he could not have planted or predicted; however, no matter where they came from, in the end the hints led Harry and Hermione to Xeno. Xeno's extreme eccentricity decreases the immediacy of the Hallows; his evident belief in Snorkacks and other impossible creatures makes his belief in the Hallows equally suspect. This suspicion is all that prevents Harry from abandoning the search for Horcruxes, in the hope that possession of the three Hallows will allow him to "conquer Death" and thus avoid being killed by Voldemort.

Given the requirement that the information about the Hallows be provided by a friendly but untrustworthy source, it is clear that the publisher of the Wizarding world's equivalent of The Weekly World News would be a leading candidate for that role. It is uncertain whether the author had this role in mind for Xeno when The Quibbler was introduced in book 5, but we can see that he fits the requirements perfectly.

Greater Picture
One of the things Harry finds while looking through Xeno's messy workroom is an attempt to recreate Rowena Ravenclaw's lost diadem. While Xeno's attempt, using the strange mock-magical artifacts that he is so fond of, is doomed to failure, this is our first exposure to a potential artifact of the fourth Founder. To date, we have been made aware of Slytherin's locket, Gryffindor's sword, and Hufflepuff's cup; the reader likely expects that a fourth artifact will surface, for the sake of symmetry, and may in fact believe that it will be found to be a Horcrux, as two of the other three have been. It will turn out that the Diadem has been found and made into a Horcrux, and that Harry has already unknowingly handled it; the Trio will have to return to Hogwarts to recover it.


text:
Cookbook:Tarhana (Turkish Yogurt Soup)

| Cuisine of Turkey

Tarhana Çorbası is a Turkish soup made from a fermented and dehydrated mix of flour, yogurt, onions, tomatoes and green peppers. The exact composition of tarhana differs from region to region in Turkey.

Tarhana

 * 3 ripe tomatoes
 * 3 green peppers
 * 3 onions
 * 2 cups (500 ml) live yogurt
 * 1 tsp dried active yeast
 * ½ cup tepid water (100°F / 40°C)
 * 1 tsp sugar
 * ⅛ tsp cayenne pepper
 * 1 tsp paprika
 * Salt
 * Flour

Soup

 * 1 cup dry tarhana mix
 * 7–8 cups meat stock
 * 2 tablespoons tomato paste

Procedure

 * 1) Dissolve the sugar in the tepid water and sprinkle the dried yeast on top. Allow to soften 5 minutes or so and stir.
 * 2) Blanche, peel, and seed the tomatoes. Peel and roughly chop the onions. Remove the stem, seeds and membrane from the green peppers and cut roughly.
 * 3) In a blender or food processor, purée the tomatoes, onion, green pepper and yogurt in batches.
 * 4) Combine all the ingredients except the flour and mix well. Gradually add enough flour to make a stiff dough. Knead for 5–10 minutes until smooth and elastic then place in a large non-reactive bowl and cover with waxed paper (don't use plastic wrap). Let stand at room temperature for 10–12 days. Punch down the dough once a day. If the dough becomes watery, knead in some more flour. Let stand until the dough no longer rises and has lost its stretch.
 * 5) Rub the dough between your hands onto a tray covered with parchment paper so that it forms small pieces. Cover the tray with cheesecloth or other protective mesh and leave to dry in a cool, well ventilated place. As it dries, break the dough into smaller pieces eventually crumbling it as small as you can. When it is completely dry (a week or more) pulverize in a blender, a little at a time. Store in freezer bags or large jars. Store in a cool place or refrigerate. May be kept up to 12 months.
 * 6) To make tarhana soup, mix 1 cup of the dried dough mix with 3 cups of water or meat stock. Mix with a wooden spoon until softened. Add more water or stock to make a thickish soup with a creamy consistency. Add 2 tablespoons of tomato paste and cook for 15–20 minutes. Pour into bowls and garnish with croûtons, parsley, or paprika-infused butter or olive oil, if desired.
 * 7) Serve with Turkish bread or a crisp baguette.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Do not use pasteurized yogurt. The live yogurt culture helps prevent contamination by harmful organisms.
 * The yogurt and yeast may be replaced with 1 pint of kefir, which supplies both the bacteria and yeasts for the fermentation. Some traditional recipes for tarhana refer to kefir as "soured milk".
 * All utensils, and containers should be sterilized with boiling water before use. Wash your hands each time before handling the dough directly.

title: Cookbook:Tarhana (Turkish Yogurt Soup)


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Talk:Algebra/Real Numbers

About the Distributive Property
I know this isn't arithmetic, but I was wondering if we could describe the properties of real numbers in summary a bit, and maybe mention different ways distributive property of multiplication can be used. In the example, 15(6x - 22), I found it interesting that I could simplify this for me even further by making it into 30(3x - 11), whereas anything done to the groups of numbers inside the parenthesis must have the inverse operation performed on the object outside of it. Anything wrong with adding a note on distributive there? This chapter's pretty short at the moment, and I don't see much wrong with it ^.^;; TheAdventMaster 23:07, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

Nonstandard definitions of subsets of the integers?
I have never seen "natural number" used to refer to the set {1, 2, 3, ...}. These are called the "counting numbers", if anything, since you use them for counting. The "natural numbers" are the counting numbers plus zero, the numbers that appear in nature. (Nature often provides us with zero of something.) Finally, I have never seen "whole number" used other than synonymously with "integer". I believe this page should be modified to correct these definitions.

(This is my first ever input to WikiAnything, so apologies for newbie-like behavior.) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 209.150.54.84 (talk • contribs).

Challenge answers
The challenge questions lack answers, I was hoping for a discussion of the "whys"

Rational and irrational numbers.
Going by the definition of rational numbers, I wonder if we can regard the rational numbers as a subset of the irrational numbers. If not, then the paragraph where the numbers listed were regarded as a subset of the numbers following needs to be edited. It seems to present the rational numbers as a subset of the irrational numbers.

Transcendental Numbers
Should we delete the section on Transcendental numbers? I don't know much about them, but it's hard to even tell if a number is one of these. If it is kept, someone should clear up the vocabulary that is hard to comprehend by a student teaching himself by using this guide. MathIsFun (talk) 03:26, 13 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree this section is out of place, it is not for a few section that this book defines variables, it doesn't really make sense to talk about roots of polynomial equations at this point. Thenub314 (talk) 22:32, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

To Do
I moved the section "Basic laws in Algebra" from the "Solving Equations" page. It restates the properties in a more rigorous manner, which I think is helpful, but now it needs to be edited so the merge is clearer. I added a pointer back to this page from the solving equations page. Nfgdayton (talk) 17:35, 23 July 2010 (UTC)

Would it not be better to maintain a consistent approach to all math formulae, equations, expressions, terms and pronumerals by using TeX notation in these pages. That way, people will not confuse x as multiplication $$\times $$ or $$x$$ the pronumeral.Colinf (discuss • contribs) 00:54, 31 July 2014 (UTC)

title: Talk:Algebra/Real Numbers


text:
Talk:First Aid/External Bleeding

RED or the other way round
Whilst i appreciate the usefulness of the acronym to remember, it was deliberately written out as direct pressure, elevation and rest, because this is the priority order for treament, and i think it should be this way round in the explanation. Owain.davies 23:15, 29 July 2007 (UTC)

I thought this was super useful thank you for making this website I like this website so so !such👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍lollololololololol Killerdub (discuss • contribs) 03:16, 4 March 2019 (UTC)

Nosebleeds
I often get severe nosebleeds (sometimes lasting more than an hour) and have tried almost everything imaginable to treat nosebleeds. Pinching your nose closed and waiting for it to stop is one of the least effective methods.

I recently discovered that if I pour a bit of vinegar (or any form of ethanoic acid) onto a small amount of toilet paper/tissue and shove it up my nose, making sure the vinegar comes into contact with the source of bleeding, then the bleeding will stop within about 5 seconds. So far it has worked every time I tried this method and I would much rather recommend this method that pinching your nose and waiting for it to stop. 41.174.65.235 (discuss) 09:39, 5 October 2011 (UTC)

Same Killerdub (discuss • contribs) 03:16, 4 March 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:First Aid/External Bleeding


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper permission

=posper_permission= This table contains permissions available to users.


text:
Cookbook:Homemade Tomato Paste

Tomato paste is a basic ingredient used in innumerable dishes in the cuisines of many countries. It is prepared by reducing tomato purée on low heat for several hours. While commercially produced tomato paste is the usual source, it can be prepared at home by the following method.

Ingredients

 * 1 gallon (4 litres) tomato pulp
 * 1 cup sweet red bell peppers, chopped
 * 1½ teaspoons salt

Procedure

 * 1) Cook the ingredients over low heat in a large wide covered stockpot for an hour.
 * 2) Pass the mixture through a food mill several times starting with the coarsest grid and progressing to the finest.
 * 3) Return the pot to the stove and heat uncovered over very low heat for 3 hours or more until very thick, stirring frequently to avoid burning. Use a heat diffusing mat or trivet. A double boiler would be ideal as it would prevent burning but will take longer.
 * 4) Pour into new sterilized ½-pint preserving jars leaving ¼-inch of space at the top. Cover with new seals and screw on the lids securely but not too tightly. Process in a boiling water bath for 45 minutes. Remove from the water bath with tongs and allow to cool on an inverted oven rack for 12 hours. Test the seal by pressing the centre of each lid with your forefinger. If the inner lid does not move, remove the outer ring. Store in a cool, dry, dark place.

title: Cookbook:Homemade Tomato Paste


text:
Celestia/DSC File

Introduction
This is a brief description of the parameters recognized by Celestia in DSC files (Deep Space Catalogs). DSC Galaxy functionality underwent a substantial improvement in Celestia v1.4.1 when compared to the previous versions of Celestia.

A DSC catalog file can be used to describe four classes of objects: OpenCluster, Globular (i.e. Globular Cluster), Nebula or Galaxy.

A DSC object definition consists of its class, a quoted name, and its parameters enclosed in braces: Class  "name" { ...parameters... }

Unlike STC and SSC files, DSC files don't support  and   directives, so to modify an object defined in a DSC file you have to edit the original file.

List of Parameters
Class:
 * OpenCluster "name"
 * GlobularCluster "name"
 * Nebula "name"
 * Galaxy "name"

Location:
 * RA f, Dec f, Distance f

or
 * Position [f f f]

Orientation:
 * Axis [f f f]
 * Angle f

Size:
 * Radius f

Information:
 * InfoUrl "URL"

Appearance:
 * Mesh "filename"
 * Type "string"
 * CustomTemplate "filename"
 * AbsMag f or Appmag f

OpenCluster "name"
 "name" is the name of the object. Multiple names can be specified within the quotes if they're separated by colons.

OpenCluster currently is used only to associate the specified "name" with a position in space. The members of an OpenCluster are defined separately in one or more .STC files or in stars.dat.

The parameters used to define an OpenCluster are

placement
A deep space object's position can be defined either by specifying a single position vector or by specifying its three astronomical coordinates.  Position [ f f f ]

The position vector's [x y z ] coordinates are in Light Years, specifying a position in Celestia's Ecliptic J2000 "Universal" coordinate system  or Distance number (default: 1.0) in LightYears RA number (default: 0.0) Right Ascension in fractional Hours (unlike STC catalogs, which use fractional degrees) Dec number (default: 0.0) Declination in fractional degrees

orientation (optional)
 Axis 3 vector (default: [ 1.0 0.0 0.0] ) a unit vector specifying the orientation of the object's axis in Celestia's Ecliptic J2000 "Universal" coordinate system

Angle number (default: 0.0 degrees) the amount the object is rotated around that Axis.

size

Radius number (default: 0.0) in Light Years.

information (optional)

InfoUrl "string"

"string" should be the URL of a web page describing the object.

Globular "name"

Places a glowing spherical image of stars at the specified position. Uses all of the parameters used for OpenCluster plus the following:

size

 * Radius number, in light-years.
 * The Radius specifies the size of the globular. Note that this does not affect the placement of sprites. It does, however, change the "bounding box". For a larger Radius, the red markers will be appear farther away from the center of the globular. The Radius parameter also controls how far you are from the center of the globular, when you select and go-to that object.

shape

 * Detail number
 * Detail is a value between 0 and 1 that controls how many point sprites the globular has. The default value is 1, and this places the maximum amount of point sprites. A value of 0 creates a globular with no stars but a glowing central "core". Using a value greater than 1 or less than 0 is equivalent to using 1 or 0, respectively.

 * CoreRadius number

 * KingConcentration number

example
Globular "M 4:NGC 6121:GCl 41:C 1620-264" {       RA          	   16.3931  # [hours] Dec        	  -26.5253  # [degrees] Distance   	      7176  # [ly] Radius     	     37.57  # [ly], mu25 Isophote CoreRadius 	      0.83  # [arcmin] KingConcentration    1.59  # c = log10(r_t/r_c) AbsMag     	      -7.2  # [V mags] Axis      	[  0.1967  -0.6744  -0.7117] Angle      	     171.8  # [degrees] InfoURL "http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/sim-id.pl?Ident=NGC+6121" }

Nebula "name"

Places a glowing model at the specified position and orientation. Uses all of the parameters used for OpenCluster plus the following:

shape

 * Mesh "filename" (optional)
 * "filename" must be the name of a 3DS, CMS or CMOD model file which determines the Nebula's shape.

 * The model's internal material may require an associated PNG, JPG or DDS surface texture image file to be in the object's subdirectory <tt>/textures/medres</tt> to define the Nebula's coloration.

 * If Mesh is omitted, no object is drawn.

Galaxy "name"

Places a glowing image of a galaxy at the specified position and orientation Uses all of the parameters used for OpenCluster plus the following:

shape

 * Type "string"

"string" should be one of: S0, Sa, Sb, Sc, SBa, SBb, SBc, E0, E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, E7, Irr

 * The Type is shown in Celestia's on-screen informational display. It also determines which PNG image in Celestia's Models directory is used to define the shape of the Galaxy's image.
 * If no Type is specified, it defaults to "Irr".

or

"filename" must be a the name of a PNG image defining the shape of this Galaxy. The PNG image must be located in the main /models directory (where all the other custom template files are).

 * CustomTemplate "filename" (optional)

brightness

 * AppMag number

or

 * AbsMag number

Example
Nebula "M16"  {     Mesh "1995-44-a.3ds" Axis   [0.205007 -0.737927 -0.642989] Angle 146.298 RA 18.31404 Dec -13.8311 Distance 7002 Radius 3.45 }

title: Celestia/DSC File


text:
Cookbook talk:Tomato Concassé

Cutting the tomatoes lengthwise doesn't make sense for that may result in some of the inner chambers still being enclosed. Mike Hayes 03:40, 3 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Tomato Concassé


text:
User talk:Xurcroh~enwikibooks

Welcome, !

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

If you have any questions about the Muggle's Guide in particular (specifically how we write things here and our set of standards), please leave me a message at my talk page. Thanks. -within focus 03:11, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Since withinfocus will be out of town for a while, please feel free to ask me directly also for Muggle's Guide information. Thanks. Chazz (talk) 20:10, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

Templates
Please check out Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Frameworks for all the templates you could possibly need for new pages in the Muggles' Guide. If you have any questions about them, please contact me on my talk page. You're doing great work on the Guide so far. Thanks. -within focus 19:02, 12 August 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Xurcroh. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Xurcroh~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:53, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:39, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xurcroh~enwikibooks


text:
Cookbook:Arab Cuisine

Arab cuisine is the cuisine of the Arabic-speaking nations and those regions where the influence of the former Islamic Empire has left its influence on the local people's language and/or eating habits. While it is useful to place it, in its entirety, in the category of Middle Eastern cuisine, because it shares much in common, it includes regions that are not part of the geographical Middle East. It should be noted that both the terms "Arab" and "Middle East" are imprecise, however.

title: Cookbook:Arab Cuisine


text:
User talk:Caiguanhao

Welcome, !

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. -- Herby talk thyme 07:51, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Caiguanhao


text:
User talk:Timiciousknid~enwikibooks

Welcome message
Welcome, !

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

You might also be interested to read our Cookbook policy page and talk to other Cookbook editors. Webaware talk 08:46, 30 July 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Timiciousknid. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Timiciousknid~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:50, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:36, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Timiciousknid~enwikibooks


text:
User:Ajcfreak/Intro

Please leave any messages on my talk page. Hi, my name is Dan and I am a Christian believer from South India. My username is what it is because I have been using the alias "ajcfreak" for quite some time now. JC stands for Jesus Christ and the whole alias of "aJCfreak" is cos I simply love the concept of a Jesus Freak, as portrayed in the dc Talk song. I am an editor of sorts on the English Wikipedia and my work there (more specifically, my work on the Christian music portal) brought me here. To know more about me, please take a look at my userpage there.

title: User:Ajcfreak/Intro