text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nc6/2. d4

= Nimzowitsch Defence = White has set up a powerful pawn center. It's time for Black to counter-attack. /2...d5/ is the main line and generate tension on both pawns. /2...e5/ can transpose into the Scotch Game, but other continuations are also possible, either a center collapse after 3. dxe5 or a closed game after 3. d5.

Theory table
'''1. e4 Nc6 2. d4'''


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...Nc6/2. d4/2...d5

= Nimzowitsch Defence = To face the central tension, White has three options :
 * /3. e5/ closes the game. The pawn structure looks like a French Defence without the blocking Black's light square bishop.
 * /3. exd5/ simplifies the game, but won't prevent Black from playing e5.
 * /3. Nc3/ increases central tensions, which can be released with 3...dxe4 or maintained with 3...e6 (transposing to French Defence).

Theory table
.

'1. e4 Nc6 2. d4 d5'

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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User:IMacWin95~enwikibooks

bla

title: User:IMacWin95~enwikibooks


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Template:Haskell/Chapter navbar

[ edit this chapter]

title: Template:Haskell/Chapter navbar


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8th Grade Science

This will be a science textbook for 8th graders. It will cover many basic things and topics. The purpose of this textbook will be to help with homework and studying.

Chapter 1: The Nature of Science

 * Section 1: How Science Works
 * Section 2: Scientific Problem Solving

/Chapter 2: Inside the Atom/

 * /Section 1: Models of the Atom/

/Chapter 3: The Table of Elements/

 * /Section 1: Elements/

Chapter 4: Newton's Laws of Motion

 * /Section 1: Newton's First Law/
 * /Section 2: Newton's Second Law/
 * /Section 3: Newton's Third Law/

title: 8th Grade Science


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8th Grade Science/Chapter 1: The Nature of Science

What is science? Is it forming experiments in a laboratory with test tubes, bottles, Bunsen burners, and other equipment? Science can happen anywhere, like at a archaeological excavation of Mendes, an ancient Egyptian city. Archaeologists and technicians use scientific skills like planning, observing, measuring, and recording data as they search for and discover artifacts. You will use these science skills and others as you learn about the world around you.

Challenge
Excavations to unearth tools or other evidence of past human life often are slow processes. Care must be taken so the remains are not broken or destroyed as they are removed from the soil. Try to excavate a cookie without destroying the treasures within.


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Cookbook:Dump Cake

| American cuisine | Vegetarian Cuisine | Bread | Dessert

This is a fast and easy cake to make.

Ingredients

 * 1 can (20 ounces) crushed pineapple with juice, undrained
 * 1 can (21 ounces) cherry pie filling
 * 1 package yellow cake mix
 * ½ cup butter
 * 1 cups chopped pecans

Dutch oven method

 * 1) Preheat Dutch oven in a 350°F oven. Grease the Dutch oven.
 * 2) Dump in pineapple with juice and spread evenly.
 * 3) Dump in pie filling and spread evenly over the pineapple.
 * 4) Sprinkle cake mix evenly over cherry layer.
 * 5) Dot with butter.
 * 6) Bake about 50 minutes at 350°F.
 * 7) Sprinkle chopped pecans on top.

Pan method

 * 1) Preheat oven to 350°F.
 * 2) Grease 13x9-inch cake pan.
 * 3) Proceed as in the Dutch oven method above, starting with step #2.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * You can bake this without a conventional oven by using the Dutch oven method. After filling the Dutch oven, cover it and place it on a bed of coals. Place additional coals on top. Use very few coals on the bottom and more on top.
 * Put a glass full of water in the middle of the Dutch Oven before baking to help it bake evenly, from inside and out.
 * Use any pie filling you want.
 * Serve warm or room temperature.

title: Cookbook:Dump Cake


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Wikijunior:Languages/Inuktitut

What writing system(s) does this language use?

Inuktitut (Inuktitut syllabics: ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ (fonts required) is usually represented by a 60 letter alphabet of Inuktitut syllabics which are based on the Cree alphabet. A dot over a syllabic indicates a long vowel.  In some dialects and in Inuinnaqtun, another language that many consider to be Inuktitut, the Roman Orthography system (Latin alphabet) is used.

How many people speak this language?
Around 30,000 people speak Inuktitut as their first language. They are nearly entirely located in Northern Canada, with only around 220 speakers living outside of traditional Inuit lands. Around 3,500 individual speakers are monolingual, while the rest have typically some degree of skill in English or French. The successful preservation of this language (in contrast with others in the Eskimo-Aleut language family) is generally credited to the general isolation and remoteness of the Inuit people until the late 20th century. Although a significant number of Caucasian people live in the territories where Inuktitut is spoken, nearly all native speakers are Inuit. It should be noted that in Nunavut, a territory of Canada, all top government officials are expected to be able to speak the language fluently.

What is the history of this language?
The Inuktitut language (literally meaning "the Inuit way") has been spoken by the Inuit for the past 2000 years that they have lived in North America. However it was not until the 19th century that it became a written language. Moravian missionaries are generally credited as the first people to transcribe the language from oral to written by copying its phonetics in the Latin alphabet. It was not until the late 19th century that the Inuktitut writing system was invented by linguist and missionary James Evans. It is generally lacking some of the syllabics in the Cree language but still contains the majority of them. The language's vocabulary has expanded in recent years to accommodate technological words from snowmobile to television. It is recognized in the Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Alaska as an official language, and is the language from which the territory Nunavut's (ᓄᓇᕗᑦ literally meaning "our land") name is derived. Before the creation of Nunavut in 1999 the language had been a minority in other recognized territories (one of many found in the Northwest Territories, for example), but it has been taught increasingly in recent years within the new region.

Some famous authors or poets who speak this language

 * Susan Aglukark – singer

title: Wikijunior:Languages/Inuktitut


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User talk:130.65.109.32

Xania talk 23:19, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:130.65.109.32


text:
8th Grade Science/Section 1: How Science Works

=As You Read=
 * Explain the science of archaeology.
 * Compare and contrast science and technology.
 * Vocabulary: science, technology
 * Note: All names used in this page represent fictional people.

=Groundbreaking News= It was Friday morning, and the students in Ms. Garcia’s science lab were waiting eagerly for class to start. Unlike most days in science class at York Middle School, this meeting would be a field trip to the north end of the school. Students were eager to observe work that would result in the long-awaited, new gymnasium. The students in group 4 - Ben, Emily, Maria, and Juan - peered out the windows. They saw construction equipment, including bulldozers and trucks, pull up to the school. With pencils and notebooks in hand, the interested students hiked out to the site. They watched as massive shovels moved hundreds of kilograms of dirt from one spot to another.

Buried treasure?
All of a sudden, the power-shovel operator stopped the giant scoop in midair. He looked curiously into the hole he was making, and then he climbed from his seat high above the ground. He called some of the other workers over. They all stared into the pit. One of the workers motioned for Ms. Garcia and her students to come a little closer. Everyone was surprised at what they saw. A piece of broken pottery was sticking out from the loosened soil.

Science in Action
One worker suggested that the pottery might be only one of thousands of pieces of trash that were buried long before the school was built. He thought that the pottery could perhaps be an ancient piece of art. Nonetheless, a decision was made to stop the excavation, at least for the moment.

Back in the classroom, the students talked excitedly about the find. This, they all agreed, was real science. Science, they knew, is the process of trying to understand the world.

Calling in the Experts
Although the discovery was exciting, Ms. Garcia reminded the students that the piece of pottery might be something that was thrown out only decades ago. To be sure, however, the school’s principal called an archaeologist at the local college. An archaeologist is a scientist who studies the cultural remains of ancient humans. Cultural remains, known as artifacts, might be tools, weapons, rock drawings, buildings, or pottery, such as that found at the school. Dr. Lum, the students were told, would be at the school on Monday to examine the pottery.

Ms. Garcia suggested that her students research more about the history of their area. This would help the students evaluate how this pottery might have originated from ancient cultures that once lived in the area. Ben and the others in his group quickly began their research. Maria thought that it would be a good idea to take notes on their findings. That way, they could compare what they found with what Dr. Lum told them on Monday. The others in the group agreed and put their science notebooks into their backpacks before heading to the library.

=Researching the Past= At the library, Juan used an encyclopedia to begin his research. He found out that archaeology is a branch of science that studies the tools and other cultural remains of humans. There are two major branches of archaeology. One focuses on groups of people who lived before history was written. The other studies civilizations that developed since people began writing things down. To his surprise, Juan also discovered that archaeology covers a time span of more than 3 million years. About 3.5 million years ago, he read, the first ancestors of humans are thought to have appeared on Earth.

The other students took turns finding out about the history of their area. Ben found that many scientists hypothesize that the first people came to North America from Asia about 12,000 years ago. Over thousands of years, these people migrated to different parts of the country. Emily and Maria discovered that the area around their city was settled about 2,000 years ago. After locating a few more sources of information, the students took notes on all the information they had gathered. Emily suggested that they also write any questions they had about the pottery or the science of archaeology. Juan, Ben, and Maria agreed, and each wrote a few questions. The group left the library eager to hear how its findings would compare with what Dr. Lum would tell them on Monday.

Dr. Lum's Visit
Dr. Lum arrived a few minutes before nine o’clock. When the bell rang, Emily’s hand shot up. She was hoping to be the first to ask the scientist about the pottery. However, before calling on her, Dr. Lum said she wanted to give the students a little background information and then she would answer their questions.

Dr. Lum began by explaining how important it is to preserve prehistoric sites and remains for present and future generations. She also said that many archaeological sites, like the possible one on the school grounds, are found by accident. More scientific work would have to be done before construction on the site could continue.

Technology
Several kinds of technology would be used to study the area, such as computers and cameras. Technology is the use of knowledge gained through science to make new products or tools people can use. Dr. Lum told the students that a radar survey would be conducted to help study the find at the school. This type of technology, Dr. Lum explained, helps scientists “see” what’s beneath the ground without disturbing the site. Experts from other fields of science probably would be called upon to help evaluate the site. For instance, geologists, scientists who study Earth processes, might be contacted to help with soil studies.

Working Together
Dr. Lum ended her talk by suggesting that the students go back to the site with her. There, she would examine what had been found. She also would try to answer any questions the students might have about the find.

Maria and Emily led the group of curious students toward the north end of the school yard. Dr. Lum used her hand lens to observe the piece of pottery carefully. After examining the piece for awhile, she announced that she was sure the pottery was old and that an archaeological dig, or excavation of the site, was in order. The students asked if they could participate in the dig. Dr. Lum said she would welcome all the help they could give.

=Digging In= Weeks passed before the radar surveys were complete. The students in Ms. Garcia’s class spent most of their time learning about how an archaeological excavation is done. Maria reported to the class that the holes and ditches that were being dug around the site would help determine its size. She also added that it was important that the site be disturbed as little as possible. By keeping the site intact, much of its history could be retold.

Finally, the day came when the students could participate in the dig. Each was given a small hand shovel, a soft paintbrush, and a pair of gardening gloves. Each student was paired with an amateur archaeologist. All of those involved were instructed to work slowly and carefully to excavate this important piece of their city’s past.

Clues to the Past
Many pieces of pottery, along with some tools, were found at the school site. Before the artifacts were removed from the soil, college students working with Dr. Lum took pictures or made drawings of each piece. These were used to make maps showing the exact location of each artifact before it was removed. The maps also would be used to show vertical and horizontal differences in the site.

Lab Work
Each artifact was given a number and its location and orientation in the soil was recorded. After the artifacts were cataloged, they were removed from the site. Dr. Lum told the students that she would take the finds back to her lab. There, they would be cleaned, studied, and stored for future analysis.

Dr. Lum explained that chemical analyses of the pottery and tools would be used to determine the exact age of each piece. Based on her knowledge of the area, Dr. Lum thought that the site was at least several thousand years old.


text:
Wikijunior:Bugs/Locust

What does it look like?
Locusts belong to the order Orthoptera. They make up several species of short-horned grasshoppers belonging to the family Acrididae. They are grasshoppers in their “solitary” form and locusts in their swarming or “gregarious” form.

They have six legs. The first 2 pair are walking legs. The hind legs are longer than the others and modified for jumping. The segment of the leg closest to the body is called the femur. It has powerful muscles that move lower parts of the leg.

Locusts have 2 pair of wings that overlap the abdomen when they are at rest. They have large compound eyes. Their antennae are jointed and are various lengths depending on the species.

Carolina Locusts are cinnamon-brown to grayish-tan in color. Their hind wings are black with a pale yellow border. The pronotum, just behind the head, has a high, narrow middle ridge. They are 1-3/8 to 2 inches long. In flight, they make a very fast purring sound, followed by a fluttering sound.

Long-winged Locusts are related to Carolina locusts. They are brownish-yellow in color with brown-spotted forewings. Their black hindwings have a narrow yellow border. They are usually 1-3/8 to 1-3/4 inches long.

American Desert Locusts (Schistocerca americana) are a genus of grasshopper, many of which swarm as locusts. They are commonly called bird grasshoppers. The best known species is probably the Desert Locust (Schistocerca gregaris). Desesrt Locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) can be as long as 3 inches in length. The male and female look very much alike with a small difference. Males have a boat-shaped tip on the abdomen. Females have two valves on the tip of the abdomen that are used when they deposit eggs. Red-legged Locusts (Melanoplus femur-rubrum) are about 3/4 to 1-inch in length. They can be dark brown to greenish-yellow or red-brown. The hind femora have either a herringbone pattern or black spots. The hind tibiae are bright red to yellowish with black spines.

Australian Plague Locusts (Chortoicetes terminifera) vary in color from brown to green. The middle section of the body between the head and the abdomen (thorax) has an 'X' shaped mark. The wings are clear with a dark spot on the end of each wing.

Where does it live?
Desert Locusts are able to migrate very widely and are well known around the world. They are found in North Africa, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent.

Carolina Locusts are found throughout North America, some have been found that are green in color. They live along roadsides and dry fields. Long-winged Locusts are found from southwest Kansas to Texas, west to New Mexico, and north to Idaho.

Red-legged Locusts are found on the Atlantic Coast south to Florida, west to Arizona, and north to Alberta, Canada. Their habitats are vacant lots in urban and suburban areas, fields, and open woods. They live along irrigation ditches in arid areas.

The Migratory Locust is the most widespread locust species. It lives throughout Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. It was once common in Europe but but is now rarely seen.

What does it eat?
Carolina Locusts eat grasses and other plants, and sometimes beans. Long-winged Locusts eat and destroy grasses that grow in plains. Red-legged Locusts consume grasses, weeds, and crops in the Southwest and soybeans in the Midwest.

How does it defend itself?
Locusts avoid predators by jumping away on strong legs. They raise the front part of the body on the walking legs and flex the joints between the femora and the tibiae. The tibiae of both walking legs suddenly extend, the legs straighten and push against the ground to propel the grasshopper into the air. When frightened by a predator, a large locust can cover about fifteen times the length of its own body.

Locusts use camouflage to blend into the surroundings. The coloring of different species often depends on the environment. Greenish colored species living in fields and forests can hide in green vegetation. Brown or tan colored species live in dry, sandy areas and easily blend with the colors of sand and dry dirt.

What stages of metamorphosis does it go through?
Locusts undergo incomplete metamorphosis. Females lay eggs in the ground or on plants. There are three distinct, gradual stages of development—egg, nymph and adult. There is no pupal stage. When eggs hatch the nymphs called “hoppers” appear. They usually resemble the adult but have no wings and are not able to reproduce. In the adult stage, they live 3 to 5 months.

The female Carolina Locust deposits 20 to 70 eggs in soft soil. Nymphs are speckled so they blend in with the ground, safe from predators.

The eggs of the Red-legged Locust spend the winter in soft soil. In the South where weather is warm, nymphs appear in spring. By June, they are mature adults. They mature later in the summer in the cooler North.

Australian Plague Locusts usually mature and lay eggs within five to seven days after a rain event. Females make a hole in the soil and deposit 2 to 3 pods. Each pod contains 30 to 50 eggs. Eggs usually take around two weeks to develop. Nymphs become adults in 20 to 25 days. Brown locusts have a drought-resistant egg stage and a short life cycle with 2 to 4 generations per year. Eggs are usually laid in dry soil. In the summer months eggs hatch about 10 days after a rainfall.

What special behavior does it exhibit?
A locust walks with 6 legs, using an alternating “tripod” gait. The front and rear legs of one side of the body form a tripod with the middle leg of the opposite side. The 2 tripods alternate with each other as the locust walks. This kind of walking provides more stability than a 2-legged gait or a 4-legged gait.

When overcrowding occurs in some grasshopper species, phase transformation takes place in each individual. There is a change from individual form to swarming form. This is a rapid and reversible change. The head widens, the body grows larger, and wings grow longer until the grasshopper has turned into a locust. Reproduction starts earlier and adults mature sooner. The differences between grasshoppers and locusts are so great that they were once thought to be two different species.

High population densities result from higher than average rainy seasons with dry periods in between. When too dry, habitats shrink and food becomes limited. Contact between individual locusts increases. When there are too many locusts in an area, “critical density” is reached and they take to the air in great numbers.

Experts used to think locusts swarmed to migrate from one place to another. Now it is believed they swarm to look for food. When locusts swarm, there can be as many as 150 million in one square mile. An adult locust can consume its own weight in food each day. A million locusts can devour one ton of food.

How does this bug affect people?
The Australian Plague Locust is the most damaging locust species in Australia. It has a very large range and swarms often. This species mainly attacks pastures but sometimes damages crops.

Desert Locusts are well known since Bible times as being the 8th plague sent by God against the Egyptians. Both male and female Red-legged Locusts transmit poultry tapeworms. They also transmit parasites that harm quail, turkeys, and guinea fowl.

title: Wikijunior:Bugs/Locust


text:
Talk:Haskell/Print version

Note that this page is automatically generated by a script. Let me know if there are improvements to make. -- Kowey 00:54, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

Generator script update
To go along with Dirk Hünninger's efforts in using his wb2pdf tool to make a better PDF version of the book, I figured out it would be good to put Kowey's script into use to keep the Print Version updated (the new PDF is generated from it). Since I could not get mvs to work, however, I chose to modify it so that it runs with mw as a backend. This modified script is now uploaded at User:Duplode/Haskell/PrintVersion.hs. The first revision of the code is pretty much equivalent to the original mvs one. On the top of it, I am trying to add some new features, which will be put online ASAP. Suggestions and contributions are welcome, of course! --Duplode (discuss • contribs) 07:45, 17 April 2012 (UTC)

Missing part in the printed version
I noticed the monad "Prologue" seems to be missing from the printed version that I got. I did not delve deeply into the potential reasons, but there may be a quick fix that would prevent references to missing parts of the book ?

title: Talk:Haskell/Print version


text:
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This is the username used by the maintenance script rebuildMessages.php. The script is part of MediaWiki, it updates MediaWiki interface messages to be equal to the MediaWiki default. It is not a bot and cannot be blocked.

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Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called MediaWiki default. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name MediaWiki default~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

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text:
Claymation

Claymation (or stop motion animation) can be achieved with simple tools. The following are steps in creating the ultimate claymation short film or movie.

To create animation you need the following,

Camera
A simple digital camera would be the ultimate way to create a animated movie. In the movie Corpse Bride, they purchased a 16 megapixel camera for their shooting. You can also use a movie camera, or a web cam. (You could go out and purchase a professional animation camera). A film camera, will take hundreds of rolls of film. So If its a low budget project, stick to digital. If you are doing it film, do it with a professional animation camera. Don't forget to purchase a tripod! Without one, animating will seem impossible.

Editing
If you are going digital, you need a computer. I prefer a Mac, but a PC will do just fine. Macs come with all the software to make your own home movie! Then get an editing software for your clips. iMovie comes free with MacOSX. Next, if you are adding voices to your feature, get a good microphone. Last thing, you will need very much disk space. A short film takes under four gigabytes!

Story

 * /Script/
 * /Story Boarding/
 * /Animatics/ (optional)

Modeling

 * /Sets/
 * /Props/
 * /Clay Puppets/

Most amateur animators tend to just go out and buy some clay, but there are many to choose from. I can't tell you what exactly to buy, but make sure you buy all the same brand, or the clay figurines will all be slightly different colours. you can also build or buy an armature. An armature is basically a skeleton for your clayman. you can make these by just bending some aluminium wire to fit your model, or buy an armature from lots of leading brands such as stop mo tec armatures, which I would recommend, or armabenders armatures. you can buy stikfas from www.stikfas.com. you will find out what these are on the site. If you are a seasoned animator and are looking for something more, try buying a guide on how to make foam latex puppets on www.animateclay.com. Foam latex is a substitute for clay, which looks more professional and does not have fingerprints all over them. These things can be made easily and are a brilliant way to kick up your animation a notch.

But whatever you do, you must concentrate while making a model. You better consult some books on anatomy, this really helps.

title: Claymation


text:
User:Sir James Paul~enwikibooks

Check out my portaportal
 * I would like some help with my wiki Wikireligion.

Hi

title: User:Sir James Paul~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Sir James Paul~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!. Az1568(Talk) 02:08, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

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Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Sir James Paul. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Sir James Paul~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:45, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:29, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sir James Paul~enwikibooks


text:
Wikijunior:How Things Work/Time

What is time?
There are two main views of what time is. The first is that time is part of the structure of the universe. It is a dimension in which events occur in sequence and it can be measured just like length, height and width. Sir Isaac Newton, a very famous scientist who lived during the 17th century, believed this. This view of time is sometimes referred to as Newtonian time, because of that. Another view is that time is only a way humans sequence and compare events. In this view, time is neither an event nor a thing, and thus is not itself measurable.

In the rest of this article we will discuss time based on the first viewpoint, assuming that time is a thing that exists and can be measured.

Who invented it?
Time was not invented. Before time, there was nothing.

The first people to use a calendar to measure time that we know of were the Sumerians around 2000 B.C. Almost at the same time the Harappan civilization had achieved greater accuracy in measurement of time. Later on, the ancient Egyptians and Romans invented time keeping instruments like the sundial, the water clock and the hourglass. The famous scientist, Albert Einstein made some remarkable discoveries about how time and space are related to one another.....he called his theory, the Theory of Relativity.

How does it work?
Time is something that is all around us, and affects everything we do, yet is difficult to understand. Time has been studied by religious, philosophical, and scientific scholars for thousands of years. We experience time as a series of events passing from the future through the present to the past. Time is also how we compare the duration (length) of events. You can mark the passing of time yourself by observing the repetition of a cyclical event. A cyclical event is something that happens again and again regularly. Some examples of cyclical events are the passage of a pendulum and the rising of the sun.

Today we can measure time very accurately with an atomic clock. It turns out that caesium-133 atoms have a very predictable cyclical event that can be monitored. This event happens 9,192,631,770 (over 9 billion) times every second. Atomic clocks are the most accurate time standards known.

What does it do?
Time allows things to change. Without time there is no before or after. A universe without time would function very differently from ours. The past cannot be changed, (so far as we understand) but the future is affected by the present. So people use time to create change. When you walk down a street, you are using time to create change. You change your location. You change your heart rate. You even change the street by walking on it. Time is nature's way of keeping everything from happening all at once. - Anonymous

How does it vary?
The world knows a little more about this now than 100 years ago. Scientists have discovered that time is not fixed. In other words, an hour here is not the same as an hour somewhere else. How can this be? Well, time has been found to be relative. When you move, time slows down. It's true. Unfortunately you can't tell because it doesn't slow down that much. Every time something moves, time slows down for it.

An experiment was performed by an airplane pilot with a very accurate clock in their airplane. The pilot set the clock to the same time as one on the ground and then took off. After flying as fast as they could, they landed and compared the clock to the one on the ground and found that the clock in the airplane had slowed down during the flight. Just a little but still it slowed down. That means that pilot didn't age as much as the people on the ground.

If your parents rode in a vehicle that traveled very close to the speed of light time would slow down for them so that you could be older than them when they stopped riding.

Can time go backwards? Maybe. Can time stop? Maybe.

How has it changed the world?
It would be better to ask "What in the world hasn't changed because of time?" Change itself could not exist without time.

What idea(s) and/or inventions had to be developed before it could be created?
Time may have come before the creation of the universe. Some people believe that time began when matter and antimatter bumped into each other and created a huge amount of energy and light. If you had been there it would have sounded like a big bang.

No one really knows what would have come before time but there are many theories, ranging from absolutely nothing to a different universe.

title: Wikijunior:How Things Work/Time


text:
User:Jamtexas~enwikibooks

Jamtexas

Located in Texas Formerly - Kindergarten teacher. Currently - CPA.

title: User:Jamtexas~enwikibooks


text:
Cookbook:Griddle

 * Pots and Pans | Bakeware

A griddle is a frying pan generally used on top of a cooktop for frying foods such as eggs or griddle cakes.

Griddles tend to be fairly thick. They may have a low rim or none at all, to facilitate flipping food with a spatula, and some have a gutter surrounding the cooking surface for collecting grease or drippings. Some lack the long handle seen in other frying pans; these may have small handles on opposite sides, suitable for hanging over a fire. A griddle may also be built into a cook top.

They are available flat, or with ridges in the cooking surface. Some are even reversible, with one type of surface on each face. Seasoned cast iron is the traditional material for griddles, but they are available in a wide range of other materials, as discussed in the pots and pans article.

Aside from its role as a frying pan, the griddle is also quite often used as bakeware for dishes such as corn bread and biscuits

title: Cookbook:Griddle


text:
Template talk:How To Assemble A Desktop PC/Contents

I found an apparent inconsistancy. this section:

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_To_Assemble_A_Desktop_PC/Choosing_the_parts#Expansion_slot_interfaces

says "PCI-Express 16x for mainstream graphics cards (4 times speed of AGP 8x)"

but the last sentence in this section:

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_To_Assemble_A_Desktop_PC/Assembly#Video_card

says "PCI Express is 16x meaning it can handle the transfer of twice as much data as AGP 8x."

Which is it? 4 times faster or twice as fast?

--

I think it would be helpful if in the future more information is added about the Intel Core i7 and its advantages.

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/How_To_Assemble_A_Desktop_PC/Choosing_the_parts#Intel Isimbot (talk) 01:31, 6 December 2009 (UTC)


text:
User talk:203.131.112.18

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 08:07, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:203.131.112.18


text:
Karrigell/Counter

A program to count the number of visits to a page:

The session ensures that the visit in counted only once for each visitor, even if he reloads the page 100 times.

You can of course include this script in another one. You could even pass a filename to the  function, if you need to manage a different counter for each page.

title: Karrigell/Counter


title: User:Az1568/List5


title: User:Az1568/List6


title: User:Az1568/List7


title: User:Az1568/List8


title: User:Az1568/List9


title: User:Az1568/List10


title: User:Az1568/List11


title: User:Az1568/List12


title: User:Az1568/List13


title: User:Az1568/List14


title: User:Az1568/List15


text:
Octave Programming Tutorial

As per Octave website, "Octave is a high-level language, primarily intended for numerical computations. It provides a convenient command line interface for solving linear and nonlinear problems numerically, and for performing other numerical experiments using a language that is mostly compatible with Matlab. It may also be used as a batch-oriented language."

The purpose of this collection of tutorials is to get you through most (and eventually all) of the available Octave functionality from a basic level.

A longer and more advanced Wikibook related to Octave Programming is the MATLAB Programming Wikibook. Those familiar with MATLAB that want to jump into Octave should consult MATLAB Programming/Differences between Octave and MATLAB.

Indeed, Octave is often viewed as a system for numerical computations with a language that is mostly compatible with Matlab, but that is available as free software under the GNU GPL, and that can replace it in many circumstances. This is why only one advanced programming Wikibook is being written; but therein the differences between MATLAB and Octave languages are presented.

Contents
Available tutorials for beginners:

 * Getting started (complete)
 * Vectors and matrices (complete)
 * Plotting
 * Text and file output (complete)
 * General mathematical functions
 * Loops and conditions
 * Writing functions
 * Vectorization

Available tutorials that are more advanced:
 * Linear algebra (complete)
 * Differential equations
 * Polynomials (complete)
 * Sets
 * Filter design

Authors

 * Henri Amuasi (updated by Carl Scheffler and Mike Pickles)

title: Octave Programming Tutorial


title: User:Az1568/Proxy


text:
Octave Programming Tutorial/Saving and loading a MAT-file

The Current Directory and Defined Path
It is necessary to declare a current directory before saving a file, loading a file, or running an M-file. By default, unless you edit the Octave shortcut, the current directory will be .../Octave/work. After you start Octave, change the current directory by either using the toolbar at the left-hand side of the screen, or entering the path in the bar at the top.

The current directory is the directory Octave will look in first for a function you try to call. Therefore if you have multiple folders and each of them has an M-file of the same name, there will not be a discrepancy if you set the current directory beforehand. The current directory is also the directory in which Octave will first look for a data file.

If you still want to call a function but it is not part of the current directory, you must define it using Octave's 'set path' utility. To access this utility, follow the path:

file > set path... > add folder...

You could also go to "add folder with subfolders...", if you're adding an entire group ,as you would if you were installing a toolbox. Then look for and select the folder you want. If you forget to do this and attempt to access a file that is not part of your defined path list, you will get an 'undefined function' error.

Saving Files
There are many ways to save to files in Octave.

 * save - saves data to files, *.mat by default (not true in Octave 4, files have no extension)
 * uisave - includes user interface
 * hgsave - saves figures to files, *.fig by default
 * diary [filename] - saves all the text input in the command window to a text file.

The files are saved in your current directory, as seen on the top of the window. By default the current directory is .../Octave/work.

Loading Files
Likewise, there are many ways to load files into the workspace

To load a saved .mat file, type: >> load filename The file must be in a recognized directory (usually your current directory, but at least one for which the path has been set).

The data in the .mat file is stored with the same name as the variable originally had when it was saved. To get the name of this and all other environment variables, type "who".

To open an .m file, you can use file -> open, or type >>open filename

For instructions on how to open a data file, see Basic Reading and Writing data from a file.

File Naming Constraints
Octave for Windows retains the file naming constraints set by DOS. The following characters cannot be used in filenames:  " / : * < > | ?

You're also not allowed to use the name of a reserved word as the name of a file.

Example:

while.m is not a valid file name because while is one of Octave's reserved words.

When you declare an m-file function, the m-file must be the same name as the function or Octave will not be able to run it. So for example if you declare a function 'factorial' as:

function Y = factorial(X)

You must save this as "factorial.m". Octave will name it for you if you save it after typing the function declaration, but if you change the name of the function you must change the name of the file manually, and vice versa.


text:
User talk:Auk

Late but ..
Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck!-- Herby talk thyme 13:26, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Auk


text:
User talk:Robche

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 13:26, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Robche


text:
User talk:Greglocock

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 13:26, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Greglocock


text:
User talk:Quentel

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 13:26, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Quentel


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...c5

= Benoni Defence = Black threatens to exchange the c pawn against a central pawn. The objectively best solution for White is to advance the pawn and play /3. d5/, gaining space in the center, however it allows black to gain dangerous pressure by 3...e6. To avoid this, White may play /3. Nf3/, protecting the pawn. This move allows Black to exchange the pawns or to increase pressure by playing 3...e6. Additionally, 3.Nf3 may transpose to a Maroczy Bind Sicilian. The last option is /3. e3/ but this leads to a blocked game for white (both bishops are blocked by pawns and Black will get a lead in development). Notice that if white takes with 3. dxc5 Black will not lose material. With the moves 3...Na6 or 3...e6, Black will equalize easily.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 c5'''


text:
Template:Octave Programming Tutorial

Octave Programming Tutorial

Chapter 1: A Tutorial Introduction

Chapter 2: Basic Octave Concepts
 * Saving and loading a MAT-file
 * Octave's Command Prompt

Chapter 3: Data Storage and Manipulation

Data Types and Operations on Point Values
 * Boolean and Rational
 * Strings
 * Portable Functions
 * Complex Numbers

Arrays and Matrices
 * What is an array?
 * Introduction to array operations
 * Vectors and basic vector operations
 * Struct Arrays
 * Cell Arrays
 * Sparce Matrices

Chapter 4: M File Programming

 * Scripts
 * Comments
 * The Input Function
 * Control Flow
 * Loops and Branches
 * Error Messages
 * Octave Caveats
 * Debugging M Files

Chapter 5: Graphics
 * Basic Graphics Commands
 * Annotating Plots

Chapter 6: Mathematical Manipulations

Linear Algebra
 * Simple matrix manipulation
 * More complicated matrix operations

Differential Equations
 * Ordinary Differential Equations
 * Partial Differential Equations

Chapter 7: Examples
 * Filtering
 * Controls

title: Template:Octave Programming Tutorial


text: User:Sundance Raphael:My sandbox for templates


text:
User:Computor

Greetings!

I am a computing student from Hong Kong, currently I am studying in London.

Please visit my user page on the English Wikipedia.

zh:User:Computor

title: User:Computor


text:
User talk:Computor

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

Xania talk 14:39, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Computor


text:
User:Spaceboybooks

'''Warning! This article may not be able to be viewed by catastrophic monkeys or a furocious parakeet. If you are one of those two, please leave now.''' Call me Space. I'm also on wikipedia as "User:WikiSpaceboy" (Click here to learn something random! ).

About me
I am Heir_Of_Eragon. My real name is Chris Speciale. Anyway, I am a huge fan and just help and drop by every now and then. Look at all the pages of the website, and change any type (except for the discussion/chat stuff). I've already added some stuff to this encyclopedia. I know a lot about HTML. My interests are video games, computers, reading, and writing. I've written a whole 5-book series already all copyrighted. Once I find a publisher it will all be published. So be on the look out for the book series of "Cherro Astronomer". Written by Chris Speciale. I'll be watching everyone. Kind of... But I just love to help people. I work at the library, volunteer at events at schools, volunteer at the church, and anything else I could help with. So I help make this encyclopedia a BIG encyclopedia.

My first wiki events
The first day i found this site was if I remember correctly, September 27th, 2006. Sometime in Sept. The edit i made was on an article called The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air.

My wish
To see the world. I want the biggest journey ship anyone could every imagine of viewing. Like the one below.

I am a fan of...

 * Spongebob Squarepant
 * Avatar
 * Fairly Odd Parents
 * NASA
 * Wikipedia
 * Christopher Paolini
 * Inheratance Trilogy
 * Eoin Colfer
 * Artemis Fowl Series
 * Star Wars
 * Dan Brown
 * J.K. Rowling
 * Harry Potter Series
 * Tom Kenny
 * Any science.

My contributions
I have made many contributions to this encyclopedia. Most of them were when i had no account for this site. I mostly work on the "list of" pages. My most recent edit on the list of topics is "list of schools in USA". Sometimes I go on "Wikibooks" and help out there. There are a lot of books I've read.

What I have done
I look at the news everyday. I learn something everyday that makes me more intelligent. Like the great Artemis Fowl, or the legendary Dan Brown. He knows a lot and is my idol.

My future
To join NASA and search the stars.

Goodbye
Bye

title: User:Spaceboybooks


text:
American Literature/20th Century/Willa Cather

Life
Wilella Sibert "Willa" Cather was born about 1876 on a farm in Virgina, but her family eventually moved to Red Cloud, Nebraska. Baby baby baby She attended the University of Nebraska and contributed writings to the Nebraska State Journal. She worked as an English teacher in Pittsburgh from 1901 to 1906 and then got a job at McClure's Magazine in New York City. Her first novel, Alexander's Bridge was published in serial form in that magazine. In 1908 Cather was named managing editor of McClure's. She worked at McClure's until 1912, at which time she devoted herself to writing. Cather died in 1947 in New York.

text  text text  text  --174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC)--174.100.198.159 (discuss) 00:06, 18 October 2012 (UTC) text == Style and Themes ==

The early writing of Willa Cather was influenced by Henry James until another author, Sarah Orne Jewett urged her to develop her own style and to write about her home in Nebraska. Some critics, such as H. L. Mencken praised her for writing about ordinary people in ordinary language. She is also known for the clarity of her writing.

She presents the relationships between her characters subtly, as in this passage from one of her novels:

 * People can be lovers and enemies at the same time, you know. We were... A man and woman draw apart from that long embrace, and see what they have done to each other... In age we lose everything; even the power to love. --My Mortal Enemy, Part II, Ch. 4

Awards and Honors

 * Cather won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1923 for her novel One of Ours, which was inspired by her brother's letters from the field during World War I.
 * She won the Howells Medal from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1930 for Death Comes for the Archbishop.
 * She received honorary degrees from the University of Nebraska, the University of Michigan, the University of California, Columbia University, Yale University, Princeton, and Creighton.
 * She is a member of the Nebraska Hall of Fame.

Works

 * Nonfiction books
 * The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science (1909) by co-authored with Georgine Milmine (reprinted U of Nebraska Press, 1993)
 * On Writing (1949) (reprint U of Nebraska Press, 1988)
 * Books of poetry
 * April Twilights (1903)
 * Collections of short stories
 * The Troll Garden (1905)
 * Selected Novels
 * Alexander's Bridge (1912)
 * O Pioneers! (1913)
 * The Song of the Lark (1915)
 * My Ántonia (1918)
 * One of Ours (1922)
 * A Lost Lady (1923)
 * Death Comes for the Archbishop (1927)
 * Sapphira and the Slave Girl (1940)


text:
User talk:Spaceboybooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

Xania talk 16:22, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Spaceboybooks


text:
Wikibooks talk:Arbitration/Panic2k4 vs. SBJohnny

Scope of Arbitration
At some point the scope of what is to be arbitrated will have to declared. It would help to verbalize the particular over-riding questions to be decided by arbitration. I would suggest "Was the block of Panic2k4 on 3, January 2007 warranted? Further, what actions should be taken to address the related situations that led to the block?" --xixtas 17:01, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I concur; an attempt to say what we're doing here would be helpful: what is being arbitrated, and what is the goal of arbitration. Some kind of current status summary in a prominent position would also be valuable. -- James Dennett 19:46, 19 January 2007 (UTC)

Plaintiff and Defendant
I suggest a vocabulary change. From "plaintiff" and "defendant" to just "pro" and "con" or "supporters", and "opposition". I don't think we want to go throwing legal terms like these around casually. Also, as Panic2k4 has pointed out, in a real legal proceeding he would probably be the plaintiff in this action. Also, thinking of process in the future. --xixtas 17:01, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree fully with this suggestion -- Herby talk thyme 18:08, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * It is all about sides but it can be seen from both ways, I can be "defendant" from a "plaintiff" accusation of wrong doing (It is the now the established format) that will lead to the requested discussion about the penalty I was imposed as I also seek reparation for abuse. But I read somewhere that SB Johnny was given the chance to change things before the process began, as it has already started there is no ways things that already have been said to be erased and I must have a chance to contest the accusations made, the only thing that would stop the process is one of the parties to concede defeat and if I was that party I should be penalized for wasting every one's time like increases of and renewal of the blocking time. --Panic 18:21, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Nobody's time is that valuable here that you can be penalized for wasting it. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 20:20, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Agreement to Arbitration
Perhaps a section where parties sign to specifically agree to arbitration in this document should be added. --xixtas 17:01, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Definitely in my view -- Herby talk thyme 18:09, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * By initiating the proceeding parties have already agreed, a formalization would be only more text to be read. --Panic 18:23, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * There is value in having things all together in one place. --xixtas 19:14, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Yup but the agreement is implied, it is like this, did you state that you are agreeing to discuss this topic (this conversation we are having?), by only participating in it you are agreeing in being a part of it, or not ? --Panic 19:19, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It seems to be a matter of concern to me that one of the parties to this arbitration would object to affirming his recognition of the arbitration on the arbitration page itself. --xixtas 20:02, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * If any objection is expressed on agreement (at the start) then the Arbitration should be ended, but it seems that this isn't the case, I have asked directly about it and you can see by the other party comment that he is addressing the subject at hand. This process is still experimental but it is a improvement on the normal way things are done. --Panic 20:13, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, I disagree. The "normal" way things are done is that users discuss substantive issues and reach a mutually acceptable solution through good faith consensus-building and compromise. This process is in no way better than that. This process is, at best, a necessary evil. --xixtas 05:47, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Deciding when to end "stages" of arbitration
I think what has been said against Panic has pretty much run its course, although I'm willing to entertain keeping the "comment" period open a bit longer if there is somebody else willing to participate.

Sometime tomorrow I'm going to "freeze" the plaintiff section (assuming no objection) and allow Panic to start addressing these complaints in an orderly fashion, without interference from those who might disagree with him. There will be room for a rebuttal, but let's try to keep this under control. Those who might be sympathetic to Panic are also encouraged to join into the discussion, but I would strongly recommend that they talk with Panic about how he wants to proceed for now. --Rob Horning 00:03, 8 January 2007 (UTC)

jguk's views on arbitration
I have tried to post this to textbook-l, seemingly without success. I attach my comments below:

It's indeed unfortunate that this issue has come to the fore. I also agree with comments I have seen that we do not want this to be a general precedent such that any admin action can result in what seems to be a formal process. As far as I can see, the following has happened:
 * Panic has engaged in behaviour in relation to the C++ book that other authors of that book have taken objection to
 * SBJohnny has come in as someone not involved in the C++ and reviewed the situation
 * That resulted in a short block of Panic's account
 * Such action has been consistent with policy since I've arrived on Wikibooks, and that policy has in effect been written down and is described as "enforced" on Be civil, although I note that that policy has not been explicitly cited by SBJohnny
 * It is clear from Be civil that SBJohnny's actions as an admin are subject to review by other administrators
 * Rob Horning has decided to formalise a review of that.

It would be useful if the following could be clarified, indeed I can foresee problems if they are not:

 * Had Panic and SBJohnny both agreed to the form of arbitration proposed by Rob, with Rob as sole arbiter, in advance of setting up the arbitration proceedings?
 * Is it accepted that SBJohnny acted in good faith and in compliance with Wikibooks policy (even though he, arguably, may have come to the wrong conclusions)? It is important to ask whether SBJohnny is actually at risk if Rob decides that the block was wrong
 * What is Rob's remit - what is it he is actually going to decide? Is it whether Panic should refrain from editing the C++ book, or some other restrictions should be put on his account?
 * How long will Rob's decision hold for - if it places restrictions on Panic, would they be subject to review in the event of good behaviour - if it places no restrictions and/or vindicates Panic's position - what if Panic's behaviour gets worse in the future?
 * I will give notice now that if any user voluntarily enters into binding arbitration with another user, and then goes on to edit contrary to the decision made, I will see that as a breach of Wikibooks:Be civil that may result in a long-term block. Is that what is intended?
 * To what extent are users who are not parties to the arbitration, including future users, bound by Rob's decision?

I should end with my personal views on the subject:

 * As far as I can tell, SBJohnny has acted in good faith and consistently with our Wikibooks:Be civil policy. Therefore I do not think he should be at any risk of sanction.
 * It is right, if he is concerned by SBJohnny's blocks, that Rob should review the situation. I gather from textbook-l that he did correspond with SBJohnny before removing the block, but it is unfortunate that he did not allow SBJohnny to remove it himself, which would have made it clearer that there was a review of the block, not a wheelwar.
 * Some arrangement needs to be worked out between Panic and the other authors of the C++ book. They have failed to find one themselves. This leaves two options: (1) an arrangement is imposed; (2) Panic is asked to no longer contribute to the book.
 * If an arrangement is to be imposed, it needs the buy-in of the major active contributors to the C++ book. It also needs to bear in mind that there will, hopefully, be future contributors, and any agreement should be such that their buy-in is likely.
 * Wikibooks exists to provide and write textbooks. If any user's presence on the site is detrimental to that aim, then we should ask that user to leave, and back that up by blocks if necessary. I pass no comment on whether this is applicable in this case.
 * I really don't like the formalisation occurring on Wikibooks:Arbitration. If parties agree how a dispute between themselves will be arbitrated and that they will accept binding arbitration, then let them go down that route of resolving the disputes. I'd have preferred it if Rob had asked SBJohnny for his explanation for the block, and if he still has concerns tell him what they are and invite a response. If he was still displeased, there are other active admins he could have bounced his concerns off.

Jguk 21:13, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with some of User:Jguk comments and notes, I will try to address some of them on my reply, I ask that the Arbiter and SBJohnny to avoid providing further comments on the subject on the table (other parties may), outside of the formal areas, as I will, since we are participating in the process (and it has already began) so to keep thing clear and clean. As I see Wikibooks:Arbitration as still under evolution and debate as such this (the active arbitration) is a prototype for similar processes in the future. --Panic 23:05, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd add that I hope this is not the prototype for similar processes in the future. Come the end of the day, this boils down to whether Panic and the other contributors to C++ can find a way of working together in the future. (What has happened in the past and whether anyone is to blame for it is, to my mind, irrelevant.) That way of working together may need to be imposed from above rather than agreed between Panic and the other contributors. Either way, I very much hope a way of Panic and the other contributors working together can be found. I'm also conscious that if, for whatever reason, and regardless of whether any blame is attached or not, that is not possible, Panic would need to be asked to cease contributing to the C++ book. That would be a last resort. I hope we're not there yet, but if we are, then we should be honest about it. Jguk 23:17, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

 * It is my personal view that you are probably jumping the gun (hope it is the right expression), as I view the problem I can (and I am) no longer contributing to ANY Wikibook as an author (as in adding my own content), and probably the result will not change that factor but will see, you are also prejudging my actions and placing blind fate on any administrator (they are humans and so they will make mistakes), this process will only provide a way a common user may recur from an "adminsitrative" decision (this is VERY important) I to hope that we (Wikibooks users) will hall find harmony but I'm probably more of a realist and can see that if no chance is given to provide some sense of justice to the users, we (the community) will A) be misleading the users B) fail to get more momentum and will only survive on passing users until they realize the unwritten limitations they are imposed. --Panic 01:32, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I would like to note that I am not trying to be acting here as a God/King of Wikibooks, as I am neither. I am just another lowly ordinary Wikibookian who, however, does have some experience with this project and has been recognized as having a sort of leadership role here.  Certainly my ideas and opinions are not followed by everybody, nor am I in a position to be like User:Jimbo Wales here.

 * My main goal here was simply to formalize this discussion that was seemingly getting out of hand here and starting to become something of admin vs. admin and wheel warring. I know that Johnny has not been entirely thrilled (and has said so on my talk page) about what I've done here, although I should note that I've only done one action that "reversed" his previous actions, and that was only to unblock Panic after both Johnny and Panic agreed to a general cooling off period for edits, specifically on the C++ Wikibook.

 * As far as what actions may happen here, I would like to come to a concensus, which is why I have the 4-part series of "suggested actions". This may be a "long term block", or perhaps something much more benign, perhaps related to a "probationary period" or some other action.  I don't know right now, but I would strongly suggest that everybody involved here try to be a bit creative and work out a compromise.

 * The ultimate goal here in formalizing this discussion was to make it so somebody outside of Wikibooks, like either Jimbo, a steward, or some other WMF board member could come in and see what all the fuss is with reading just a few pages. That has happened more or less, as can be seen with the conclusions that User:Jguk has been able to come up with.  That is a good thing, and I hope that in spite of complaints about this process that some of those involved will see the merit of going this way rather than trying to expand the fight.  --Rob Horning 17:57, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

I'm done.
I think there is more than enough here for Robert to work with, and I'm not going to hang around for another seven (seven???) stages of show trial. I hope this can be resolved quickly and peacefully. -- SB_Johnny | talk 11:53, 13 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Are you suggesting that Robert uses the information you've all written so far to make a decision? If so, I would agree.  This shouldn't go on for ever and each party has been allowed plenty of time to raise their arguements and provide evidence.  If each party agrees that they've finished then Robert should be allowed to make the decision.  This is just my opinion though. Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 13:26, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm sure Panic will want at least one more rebuttal, which is understandable... I would suggest cutting it off after that though, we don't need another 2 or 3 weeks of this. If Robert needs more after that, I suggest he use email, irc, IM, or some other means... I'm not going to take part in any more public spectacles on this matter (in fact I wish it had been done quietly from the start). -- SB_Johnny | talk 13:35, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Calm down here Johnny. You've spelled out your opinion on this whole thing very clearly, and I'm not trying to attack what you've done here.  Frankly, I think this is going on a very speedy course, and being surprising civil other than perhaps some very pointed personal attacks going both ways, but this is intended to air out those issues anyway.  Had you not written the rebuttal, I would have moved right on to the opinion, but I do feel that Panic does deserve to write a reply to your rebuttal.  One of the things about this whole process is that it is simply going to take some time, as it has been deliberately structured to try and "cool things down" and force everybody to try and write down what has been on an emotional sleeve. I hope that you would be willing to help participate in the next area where you would recommend some sort of corrective action to help encourage better behavior, as I don't want to come up with the specific "punishment" or actions directly if possible.  I would rather this come to a concensus unless there is an absolute impass here.  --Rob Horning 17:35, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

Can we call this to an end?
The last edit on the defendant rebuttal page was made over a week ago, and I dont see any indication of people here trying to continue this process any further. The last comment on the discussion page by Rob was even longer ago then that. I think that so far as the issues are concerned, all the complaints on both sides have been aired, and all the further steps in the arbitration (arbiter passing judgement, proposing and rebutting punishment, etc) should be bypassed.

If the point of this arbitration hearing was to put the whole issue onto the table, then we have succeeded. If the point of this arbitration hearing was to pass judgement and lay punishment, then perhaps we need to sitback and ask ourselves how bloodthirsty we need to get. I propose this conclusion, if people are willing to agree on it:

 * 1) The arbitration be closed immediately.
 * 2) No further "Action" be taken against either User:SBJohnny, or User:Panic2k4.
 * 3) User:Panic2k4 not be blocked, and not be restricted from editing any page, like a normal user.
 * 4) User:Panic2k4 be warned not to engage in activities that got him here in the first place. Ignoring this warning could lead to further (and much more permanent) action being taken.
 * 5) User:SBJohnny be warned not to engage in disciplinary action against User:Panic2k4 in the future, considering the potential bias that might exist between these two users.

What i'm saying, basically, is that all that can be said about the past has already been said. The issues have been aired, and anything further would amount to a witchhunt or some kind of vendetta. Let us use this learning experiance to move past our issues, and start doing what we should be doing: writing textbooks. I hope everybody can agree to this. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 01:19, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Did Rob excused himself for the arbitration ? I don't like some of your proposed actions and several are in simple error or are just contradictory but I will not comment any more on this until the Arbiter takes an action on the subject. --Panic 02:40, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Rob hasn't spoken about this matter, to my knowledge, since 18 January. I think that this is one of the most generous ways to end this process, and I don't imagine that if the rest of the process is allowed to continue that you will be given as fair a deal. It's my impression that many in the community think that you should be punished in some way, and the fact that I am offering a resolution that apparently doesn't punish you in any way is one of the best ways that this could end for you. If you dont want to take this offer, that's fine by me. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 02:48, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Since what your are proposing only differs from the present situation in 2 or 3 points (and will not address the core problems), I would like to wait for Rob a bit more and see the process go forward.
 * It is clear that at present the ones involved aren't being damaged (more) by the arbitration nor is it intended to validate any kind of witchhunt or vendetta, the human resources used are low 2 Users and an Arbiter each has its own timing to participate so it is not a time intensive task for anyone, I'm the only user that has some freedoms restricted at present, by ending the arbitration in your proposed way, it will be subverting what was attempted here and will not address any of the 2 users problems. --Panic 05:33, 29 January 2007 (UTC)

Arbitration Over
I am declaring this arbitration hearing over. I have spoken to a large number of wikibookians on this matter, and acting on (a) what I perceive to be the will of the community at large and (b) my best judgment as a long-time wikibookian, I am calling an end to this. Because of my involvement with this case and the involved parties, I will not be making any decisions on the matter. I have instead asked User:Withinfocus, another long-time and trusted wikibookian to act on the matter instead. Any decision that User:Withinfocus makes on these matters have my full endorsement.

User:Robert Horning, for all his good intentions, has not met his obligations on this matter, having left this hearing open for far too long. Since it began, this arbitration has served as a festering wound for this community, causing a large amount of stress, dissatisfaction, and unhappiness among some of our most active community members. I am not prepared to have this dissatisfaction continue or spread any further then it already has. I am going to make the following demands, in addition to any decisions that User:Withinfocus makes:

 * 1) User:SBJohnny not take any disciplinary action against User:Panic2k4 now or in the future, should User:Panic2k4 return.
 * 2) If I so much as hear a single complaint against User:Panic2k4 (should he return), or find any unhappiness with the way collaboration is occurring at the C++ Programming book, I will rain down page protections and user blocks like so much fire and brimstone.
 * 3) This case cannot be retried, appealed, or reviewed without clear and overwhelming insistence from the community, something that nobody asked for when we started this in the first place.

The community is sufficiently tired of all the associated drama and nonsense surrounding these issues that my demands here should not be too hard to deal with. If any user has issue with my decision here, or my actions, they may take it up with me on my user talk page. --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 18:18, 31 January 2007 (UTC)

Appeal
Hi guys,

I would like to have a change made in this page. The page is mentioning a possibility for appeal with the stewards of the WMF board. At least for the stewards, there is not such a possibility. Stewards do not have a mandate to file an arbitration case or any verdict. Stewards have been elected by the Wikimedia community to handle administrative tasks, and not to arbitrate. For the Wikimedia Foundation Board (which one? of Trustees, Advisory Board?) I assume that they are not interested, as they already have enough to do. I assume that this is a community issue, that has to be taken care of by this community. Please remove the sentence, it is creating a dangerous precedent. Thanks, Effeietsanders 19:22, 23 August 2007 (UTC) (steward)
 * At this point the dispute has been resolved, without (as far as I know) intervention from stewards. As far as I know no one plans to ask for their involvement. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 20:33, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I did ask at the time but was ignored (intentionally or due to active stewards not monitoring the their emails) or in the only case I reached one, the steward asked for a clean decission from the community (a consensus one way or another to examine the subject, that didn't happen), as for resolved it is a to optimistic view of the outcome. The situation was bypassed by common agreement of the involved parties, but there isn't yet a consensus on the way of addressing similar problems in the future... --Panic 23:22, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, how the case ended is not really mattering :). It is specifically about the factual "This decision is available for appeal to the Wikimedia Stewards, and presumably the WMF Board of Trustees.", which is incorrect, and could lead to wrong conclusions. Especially for future cases. Hence my request. Effeietsanders 23:30, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok so your view or the point you are making is that if the active community does reach an agreement the buck stop there, there is no chance of appeal (are you basing that interpretation on any written policy or guideline ?). If this a correct assumption do you propose any other kind of impartial solution (you must keep in mind that if the user is blocked his ability to provide or defend his "case" next to the community will be diminished). --Panic 23:45, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
 * I think what he or she is saying is that the stewards and WMF don't get involved in community issues. Its up to the community to resolve matters and any appeal would have to be with the community, there is no next step. If you look at Stewards policies or Steward handbook you'll see that even in times that they are asked to get involved they should make sure there doing so on behalf of what the community wants, in accordance with the policies and guidelines of the project before acting, and should generally only do so if there are no active local administrators or bureaucrats to do the job. --dark lama  01:13, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Well if it only depends on what the community wants, if we decide that it should be a step, then it falls under that ruling (if we make it a policy to do so that doesn't go against any more generic ruling of Wikimedia), the problem is that there isn't a viable way of determining what should constitute the community (in general terms) and the best method we have is participation on discussions, and that make it fall under the discretion of a few active members that were aware of the discussion and willing to participate, in no case it should be considered a final decission (that is why we can update policies and even reverse actions from time to time), any decission  we make is done because it gathered a consensus from the participators in that particular time), so the problem here is determining the reasonable use of what constitutes "final" and the purpose it serves for the community in general not only to the ones involved on a particular decission.  --Panic 01:26, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * First of all I said "and" meaning it depends on all of those things, not just one of them. Second individual projects don't define the responsibilities of stewards, thats defined at Meta through I believe a global consensus by all involved project community members to apply for all projects. Thirdly Stewards have global access to the sysop and/or bureaucrat tools and follow local policies/guidelines regarding things like deletion policy, undeletion policy, blocking users, unblocking users, whose eligible to vote or be involved in decisions regarding deletions, undeletions, blocking and unblocking, and any policies regarding use of the sysop/bureaucrat tools. The only requirement for stewards as I understand it is to do there best to act in the same manner as each community would expect the local administrators and bureaucrats to act when making a decision and nothing more. This can take some time because a steward would have to read all those policies and guidelines and any related pages that may be linked to and possibly read past decisions and discussions to understand how things work in a community and the best way to respond. So 99% of the time your likely to get a response from a steward such as "take it to the local admins", "discussion it with the community" or "where is the page that a decision on the matter was reached at". It works much like the US government does, the state government doesn't define the responsibilities of the federal government. --dark lama  14:07, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Of course, how exactly appeals are done within your community is fine. And if you are looking for an impartial judge, sure, but stewards are not suitable for that, and I think neither the Board is. Personally I think that it is not bad to have some final decision at which is no appeal possible, just to finish finally the discussion. But of course that was not the point I was trying to make :) If someone could remove the sentence about the appeal for now, please. I suggest that you guys think just calmly on appeal stuff, just as long as you dont go to stewards etc, and check with the people you have in mind before appointing them as appeal court. Effeietsanders 19:40, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Hum I think the the strong opposition for the formation of an fixed appeal court (even more if formed by community members) was the trigger for that selection, since the stewards as you said "have been elected by the Wikimedia community to handle administrative tasks" (and this tasks can be defined in each community) as for the "not to arbitrate" part is it written on the definition of the possible task they may perform ? (no one should be obligated to do anything on Wikimedia, but some tasks are taken as a compromise, for instance we have on Wikibooks a minimum of activity to stay with the administrative flag). --Panic 22:21, 24 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry, I don't get what you try to say here... Effeietsanders 12:52, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Panic seems to be saying that he believes each project can define the responsibilities of stewards separately rather then as I understand it as being defined at Meta to be the same for all projects. Thats at lest my understanding of what Panic has said. --dark lama  13:46, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * If this is what he said then I have to say I disagree; although there are separate policies on each project for a lot of things, stewards as I understand them are involved with all projects at once as a kind of link; in such a case, I don't think it's reasonable to expect them to follow 9-10 different sets of guidelines at once. If something happens involving two different projects, and each has a different set of actions or abilities dictated by policy, which set of policies would they follow?
 * If this is not what Panic meant feel free to strike out this comment. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 14:10, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

What I said is supported by common practice and what is written down in Stewards, Steward handbook and Steward policies. I think we all agree more or less with your view that Stewards "have been elected by the Wikimedia community to handle administrative tasks". I would put that this tasks are to be performed across projects based on valid community decisions (this is the only restriction), Stewards have a special value because they should be neutral at all times and are supra-community (they can act across all the projects). So if the Wikibooks community choses to give Stewards a special ability, it is within the scope of the rules that they may perform it, in this sense I disagree with the interpretation that we are defining special responsibilities (as in obligation), only giving the power for accepting to perform the task (as all the Stewards tasks, they can but they may chose not to perform them). I also disagree with Effeietsanders view that they are unable to arbitrate, the only wording against it is on Steward policies, but it deals with using personal judgment if not explicitly requested or forced to do so. If we define it as a task they may perform, it will then becomes a community decission that they can do so.--Panic 16:57, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * reset ident

---

I don't really understand the reluctance on the part of Stewards to get involved on this level, although I can see that making decisions like this is something that can be fraught with all kinds of peril in terms of having people flame at you in all kinds of manners and demand all sorts of action that may or may not be reasonable or even possible. I speak from experience here too!

As originally conceived, the Stewards were supposed to be some sort of "arch-Administrator" who was to act on all Wikimedia projects as a whole. And for the most part they do exactly that. Much of this was to off-load some of the tweaking that up until the Stewards were created, this was all done by the MediaWiki development team (who still have direct access to the Wikimedia servers). As fellow administrators, Stewards certainly can and should help with policing the actions of other administrators and step in when things have gone too far. While Effeietsanders may not wish to step in and perform some major actions on Wikibooks, that hasn't stopped other individuals from doing exactly that, primarily concerned with content deletion and restoration. And they have invoked their "Steward" credentials to make it happen, although admittedly the ultimate trump card as "chair of the WMF" has been invoked as well.

There is a huge need for somebody to review the actions of Wikimedia communities. In the more recent past, this responsibility was taken on by Jimbo himself, until it simply got way out of hand and he was "forced" to create the Wikipedia ArbCom. The process of creating that group made it seem initially that they had "jurisdiction" over all Wikimedia projects, although in practice it has been only for en.wikipedia and not for other Wikimedia projects. Some other language editions of Wikipedia have set up similar arbitration groups, but it has pretty much stayed with just Wikipedia.

Who might become a sort of ArbCom appeal has been debated before, with discussions on Foundation-l even point out strongly that it should fall upon Stewards, but with many Stewards like Effeietsanders has pointed out goes well beyond the normal duties of a Steward. And is in many ways more than they agreed upon in the first place when they agreed to become a Steward. As many of the Wikimedia projects (like Wikibooks) are growing enough to require more complex levels of organization, it is inevitable that this issue is going to present itself more frequently in the future, even though in this one situation the issue is moot as it has been more or less resolved by the community.

Keep in mind, all I wanted to convey was that a Steward might be interested to review the process, and that there were individuals who did have an ultimate authority over any decision I or any other Wikibooks administrator may make in an arbitration process. I don't think that "fact" has changed, even if those in a position to make a difference and reverse an arbitration decision are refusing to get into the process. Nothing that was mentioned in the arbitration process suggested that any Steward or even WMF board member had to really do anything, and inaction is precisely what did happen. Suggestions that Stewards could reverse decisions by admins has been on the Administrators (on previous versions of that page) and elsewhere, including on Meta and published on Foundation-l. This is not a new concept that I created out of whole cloth just on this page. --Rob Horning 01:20, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

 * On one hand, I know what you are saying: we have this group of people who are at a higher level of trust and responsibility, and likely have enough global knowledge and good-sense to act as overseers for problems. However, having open an appeal to an external source really undermines the legitimacy of any decisions we make here on Wikibooks. Also, if that route were open, imagine how much traffic it would receive? How many people on how many projects, seeking immediate intervention, would skip all forms of process and go directly to the top? The board would become inundated with requests to resolve petty disputes overnight.
 * Beyond that, saying that the wikibooks community is not the final word in a decision-making process really undermines this project. What power do we have to do anything, if everything can be appealed to an external authority?
 * I've proposed an addition to the Decision making policy that there is no further appeal, and all decisions made by the wikibooks community be considered "final". At least, final in the sense that the decision has been made but is always open to be reconsidered at a later time. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 01:30, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I disagree that "all decisions made by the Wikibooks community be considered 'final'". Even defining that community or if a decision has been made can be up for a dispute, but more to the point, there are some very real reasons to seek an appeal, including gross abuse of authority by administrators and bureaucrats.  I know of at least one Wikimedia project (non-English language) that had a very "active" bureaucrat that pushed their POV on a large number of pages and "stacked the deck" by appointing a large number of like minded individuals as administrators.... promoting most of them to become bureaucrats as well.  Anybody with a contrary POV not only had their content reverted, but also had their accounts blocked by the cabal.  Indeed, it was a similar accusation (on a much smaller scale) that prompted this whole issue to go into arbitration in the first place.

 * Simply put, there are times that *somebody* has to step in and enforce some sanity and some of the basic foundational rules for Wikimedia projects: NPOV, no original research, etc.  In the past Jimbo himself took on that responsibliity, but nobody else has taken up the torch.  That is my point.

 * Regardless of if it is stated explicitly on our policy page or not, the WMF board does have ultimate authority over who is permitted to use this project, what kinds of content can (or can't) be permitted, and who has authority to make those decisions. They also have the ultimate decision to simply "pull the plug" and kill at least the web access to the project... until we decide to get a data dump and restart the project elsewhere on our own dime.  That through inaction the WMF doesn't want to use this authority is besides the point.  It is like the Queen of England...  She (and her immediate predecessors) haven't used the veto authority to kill acts of the House of Commons for nearly a century.  But the authority is still there to kill any act if in her opinion, and hers alone, is going to be a threat to English society.  I hope that the WMF would step in as little as possible and let individual projects decide their own general direction.  Actions by WMF board members here on Wikibooks have been disasterous in the past, and I hope those kind of actions are rare, even historical events.  But they have happened in the past and I see no reason why they won't happen again in the future, even if it isn't any current member of the WMF board of trustees.  --Rob Horning 03:21, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Barring monstrous catastrophe of the type that we haven't seen on this project nor are likely to see because of our infrastructure, it's not even an issue. We have been very cautious about appointing new bureaucrats around here, and we have also been careful not to land in a situation where we only have one or two. Also, the bureaucrats that we do have show a tremendous amount of restraint in promoting RFA candidates. In the course of regular business, there simply is not and should not be any appeal that is external to this project. Yes, on a hypothetical level there is always the authority of the WMF board, but you know as well as i do that they have a standing de facto policy against interfering with the workings of a project. Vandalous power abuses are already against policy here, and if they occur we don't get the WMF board to "appeal", we ask the stewards to come in here and implement our policies when we are inable to do it ourselves. To that effect, what you are talking about isn't a level of authority, it's an administrative safety net against policy abuses that can't be handled directly by the community.
 * The simple fact is that the stewards are not a decision-making body, and the WMF doesnt involve itself in the workings of a project. Saying that the WMF board will not act in an appeal is no different from saying that there is no appeal available beyond the community here. I find no reason, therefore, to not make this point clear. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 03:42, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

 * Ha, but then we go back to the beginning. Imposing a "final" and indisputable decission is flawed at the start, just because there is no greater legitimacy to impose that artifact in any policy/decission. Since the people discussing any decission can't name themselves the community. The community is by default an open definition that includes but is not restricted to the actual parties that will reach a decission at any given time (and time is of major importance if we intend to define a final decission).

 * I would say that this issue would be exacerbated if a steward were to step in and intervene on a community decision. That being said, I think that it would be worthwhile to have some organized way in which to settle disputes, and only failing that would the stewards be invoked. I know we have tried (with little success) to develop some sort of dispute resolution policy here, and the resulting chaos had a significant impact on the project. Allowing someone to make the decision (and, more importantly, to have that decision stand in the community without wheel wars) if our internal mechanisms fail is, in my opinion, a necessity for the stability of the project in the event of a major controversy, even though I also hope we never have need for such intervention. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 14:42, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

 * As for making it harder to skip it to a top decission, that can be worked out by setting a working method to enable the appeal (and refuse access to it in any other event). We must not disregard that common rules will still apply, if actions are being done in bad faith the problem is a still born and we should not have to worry, the policy can be tweaked and improved at any time to correct such things so abuse will be prevented...
 * Can you elaborate on that definition of "final in the sense that the decision has been made but is always open to be reconsidered at a later time", to me this isn't what I take for final. It justs defuses the problem relegating it to a future and undefined method of appeal (that is worst that just removing the final word for any policy/guideline). --Panic 02:22, 28 August 2007 (UTC)


text:
User talk:68.200.72.168

Xania talk 17:15, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:68.200.72.168


text:
Cookbook:Hornickels' Glazed Onion Canapes

| Cuisine of the United States | Appetizers

Ingredients

 * 1 onion, finely diced
 * ½ cup butter or margarine
 * 2 teaspoons brown sugar
 * 1 tablespoon honey
 * 8–10 crackers
 * Sour cream

Procedure

 * 1) Melt half the butter in a small saucepan.
 * 2) Turn the burner to medium heat. Add the diced onions to the pan.
 * 3) Slowly caramelize the onions, adding in the rest of the butter as needed to keep from burning.
 * 4) Once caramelized, add the brown sugar and the honey. Combine thoroughly until all the onions are glazed.
 * 5) Place onions attractively onto the crackers, and finish with a small dollop of sour cream.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Keep an eye on the onions—they burn easily.
 * Measurements are not exact; play around to see what you like.