text:
User talk:Thewinster

blanking
Please don't blank pages without explanation. If you want the page deleted, please add to the top of the page instead. Thanks. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 17:52, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the direction. I will keep that in mind the next time! --Thewinster (talk) 18:15, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Re:Getting in contributors for the book
Hello Thewinster, welcome to Wikibooks. I saw the note that you sent to User:Mike.lifeguard, I hope you don't mind me eavesdropping. In response to your request, I have posted a message about the Inorganic Chemistry book on my blog:

http://wikibooks.blogspot.com/2008/03/inorganic-chemistry.html

Hopefully this will generate some support for you and this book. Let me know if you have any other questions. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 21:37, 7 March 2008 (UTC)

Collaborating - Notes
I would be willing to look at your notes and transcribe them into the wiki textbook. I am student, I've taken general chemistry and am currently taking Inorganic. I have a textbook and powerpoint by my professor to refer to for writing. I'm a physics major, I'm undecided about continuing with chemistry. I first looked at the physics textbooks for something to edit, but didn't find anything clearly in need of content.

I was reading the wikipedia article on Lewis Structures and I think it could be used with minor changes for the textbook. I didn't want to do anything because I wasn't sure about the policy on this. It looks like that the page is a good lesson on how to draw them. I held off on adding some content because I wasn't sure what was needed. Could you tell me what pages need to added to and created?

Glad to help out with the project. Timetraveler3 14 (talk) 22:49, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Image:Bonding Page11.gif is missing license or source information

 * We just need a source and license template for your image uploads. If you have problems, you know where to find me. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:06, 25 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Just a reminder that Image:Bonding Page6.gif is missing info. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 04:59, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

Transwikied pages
I've started to carefully remove content on the sections that have been copied from wikipedia, removing content that is isn't useful for someone first learning the topic. Mostly I've deleted pieces about background or that talk about details that aren't relevent. Timetraveler3 14 (talk) 00:39, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Work to be done
I'm contining to slowly remove content so that the pages seem more like textbook and not an encylopedia. I don't completly understand how to fully use wikipedia. What is the best way to comment on things that i see/feel should be changed across the book. Is there one place with a list of all edits that need to be done. How should notes be made on future work to be done? Thanks. Timetraveler3 14 (talk) 17:59, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

Additional places to get content from
I think to add to at least the section on chemical bonding, we should use content from other chemsitry wikibooks. Basic things like the orbitals that are talked about in Gen Chem we use whats already done. http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/General_Chemistry/Atomic_Structure Timetraveler3 14 (talk) 02:03, 2 April 2008 (UTC)

IIT JEE Committee scans
G'day, regarding the scans you've uploaded from IIT JEE Committee question papers, is this work yours or someone else's? i.e. did you write the papers, or did someone else write them? Webaware talk 07:26, 20 April 2008 (UTC)
 * OK, the hand-written scans I assume are yours. But the typed ones I've tagged as copyvios; it looks like those are scans of a textbook, or a test, either of which would be copyrighted. Please note that transcribing them (if that's the case) would also be a copyright violation. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:06, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

Solved Question Papers - AIEEE
Is this a real textbook? It doesn't seem like it to me - perhaps example questions would be best included in a pre-existing textbook on the subject. — Mike.lifeguard | talk 03:29, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

 * It is a reference book. Since this is a compendium of questions previously asked in other exminations, it will not make sence if we have them ONLY as a part of other books and not an annual set. --Thewinster (talk) 11:19, 9 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Do we know who owns the copyright to the questions? Since textbooks are educational, where is there an explanation of the concepts explored by the questions? Simply having a collection of examples isn't educational. — Mike.lifeguard | talk 15:09, 9 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Done. I had hurried up with posting. The further edits will contain solutions as well (as was planned). And since "explanation of concepts" is emphasized, they will not be step by step solutions. As far as copyright is concerned, they do not belong to anyone. These are very fundamental questions. I tried to search for a particular template - which says that the content marked with this template is common human knowledge and one cannot claim authority over that. Basically, these questions belong to that category. --Thewinster (talk) 09:31, 10 October 2008 (UTC)

Chem markup
You might be interested in following 17133 Add support for mhchem package in <math> markup. mhchem is a nice package I use for this sort of thing. I have no idea whether that request is doable, but will hopefully get a tech person to look at it at least. — Mike.lifeguard | talk 18:06, 23 January 2009 (UTC)

File upload scans
I came across your file uploads and browsing around started wondering what their precise sources were. Are the hand-written ones notes taken from a course, or gathered from one or more textbooks? There are also a number of scans that seem to be from published works, but their source and authorship is a bit vague. Could you please clarify these? File:1996 IIT JEE Math QP Page 0001.gif, for example, gives the source as "Question Paper" and the author as both you yourself and "IIT JEE Committee". Thanks, --Swift (talk) 02:28, 11 April 2009 (UTC)

Attribution
Some of your recent work included a lot of wikilinks, which makes me suspect that it was copied from Wikipedia (since we don't make as much use of them here other than for linking internally in a book). If you are taking content from Wikipedia, please consider the work of those that went into it and provide them with attribution by requesting an import of the page's history at Requests for import. Thank you. – Adrignola talk 12:09, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Thank you for the information! Will keep that in mind. Thewinster (talk) 12:56, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

WCI 2011 Proposal :Accelerating Wikibooks. Help Needed!
(moved from my talk page since your level of activity here doesn't seem too high and I would prefer not to have it stand on my talk page until November 18 --Panic (discuss • contribs) 22:59, 28 September 2011 (UTC))

Hello!

I will be delivering a Talk at the Wikimedia Conference India 2011 on the topic of "Accelerating Wikibooks".

Over the next few days, I aim to make the proposal more and more wholesome and relevant. I'd like to discuss with you about the proposal and hope you can recommend me a few names on Wikibooks with whom I can discuss this.

I'd be very happy if you could discuss the proposal at User:Thewinster/Accelerating_Wikibooks

--Thewinster (discuss • contribs) 07:50, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

Summary of the proposal
This is not a summary of the final talk, only a tentative guideline.

 * Create Roadmaps for a book
 * Define Learning Outcomes
 * Annotate and Discuss new content available from around the web.
 * Minor tweaks and fixes which concentrate on crowdsourcing.
 * Identifying Small Contribution that advance a book and designing good UIs and triggers according to B.J. Fogg's Behavior Change Model, 8 Step Design Process. The paper can be found here at Persuasive Design : Eight Step Process by B. J. Fogg

 * One thing that you should realize first before engaging in any dialog with a Wikibookian is that they can be very distinct. The common ground of every Wikibookian rests only on the volunteer work they do in the project. Most active Wikibookians on the project are the political or technological dedicated not particularly involved in long term or broad contribution to effective content, most efforts of this section of the community is dedicated to function and standardization. Note also that it is very rare for the ones involved on specific projects to want or see the need to get involved on the political and technological (and maintenance/administrative) side of the project and vice versa those that do active work on maintaining and evolving the project will often cease to produce any content contributions. Because of those facts I don't particularly know who I should recommend you to talk with, since your message is dedicated to those that contribute content but is focused on creating and orienting policy. My best recommendation is that you should be clear and elaborate a proposal on your own userspace and place a summarized notice on the general community discussion area and attempt to contact people you detect as actively contributing content.
 * Regarding your proposal there are also some contrasting targets, wikibooks are more often than not, a work of a single author, in this case the creation of roadmaps will not be helpful or wanted as edits from other are sporadic. On the other side there are a few wikibooks that could benefit from a roadmap to help more complex book communities (like those working on the 3D studio), we also have complex book communities that aren't organized on wikikbooks (for instance those working on the AROS project (I presume they are organizing edits outside of the visibility of the wikibooks project, so far this is not a problem since the scope of the works is very specific), but of course making the structure more visible would create the opportunity for others to join. So as for the creation of roadmaps that is my view, they should be created by and for the specific book communities and so far this hasn't been an issue. In the last years, mostly by my actions in regards to the fork policy, and the recent creation and organization of the subjects namespace we have created the necessity to present a scope for books this in some way is a proto-roadmap...
 * On the issue of outcomes I have a difficulty to distinguish what you mean. The outcome is part of the general definition of every Wikibook and often expressed on the the declaration of scope/intentions of a Wikibook, and in view of you intention to define a roadmap, the establishing of goals is indispensable. In any case goal setting can only go so far on volatile volunteer base, I often reformat books that have been abandoned, that have a valid structure and even content but no defined goal or objectives. (Example House_Construction)
 * Providing links and annotations on the construction of a Wikibook is extremely dangerous, for instance it can be used as covert a form of pressure and attack or simple malicious interference. My experience in this regard is extensive, I've been accused of plagiarizing, and copyright infringement getting to the point of having one of the works going through a RfD (and surviving). Being transparent in regards to sources creates the possibility for comparison, I'm a strongly defendant that one can turn most copyrightable material into something freely usable but see that since editors rarely have time and have no editorial control the chance that someone without the necessary understanding (or by malice) to come and create issues is extremely problematic but some wikibookians do that (mostly in low evolving works that permit close scrutiny for instance Data Compression mostly a single author work by DavidCary, most sections start by a simple annotations/references (I have discussed with him some issue privately since a book community doesn't exist) or even my work The_World_of_Peer-to-Peer_(P2P), I often copy web sources into TODO boxes for latter expansion of content. In any case my view is that most of the Wikibook community dislike public interaction that goes beyond the book creation. This was most visible in the not so old discussion regarding the Questions and Answers pages some books support or even the suppression of non-Wikibooks specific questions that sometimes are posted on the general community discussion areas that are summarily deleted by some as being out of context.
 * The part about tweaks and fixes in regards to crowdsourcing may be the strongest point but the hardest to realize, for instance the evolution of the Wikimedia software is too much centered on the needs of Wikipedia, Wikibooks shares most of the necessities with Wikisource. Even a better interaction between Wikibooks and other Wikimedia projects would help. For instance we recently concluded our move and cross dependency with Commons but some problems exist when images are deleted at commons without considering that some times a replacement image exists or a local resistance to use wikilinks to Wikipedia...
 * I read the Persuasive Design : Eight Step Process by B. J. Fogg but most concepts seem to me to be commonsensical, I think that the solution to issues is not exclusively technical, for instance as an editor/author at Wikibooks my major problem was issues of the legal ambiguity, that leads to the usurpation, attacks of reputation and general diminishing returns in regards to the work performed. Volunteers at Wikibooks contribute because the love the subject matter, like to share information, seek to improve or contest someone viewpoint, seek recognition and to establish to others they have knowledge (or a mixture of these motivations at various degrees). --Panic (discuss • contribs) 23:02, 26 September 2011 (UTC)
 * You may also take a look into what seems to me a failed experience called WikiProjects and if you have the time try to talk with users of the projects that have made use of it (especially the chess community), the lack of participation in regarding to Featured books (I dislike this particular methodology but see the objective as valid). You should also attempt to try to contact with User:Robert Horning (use email) and post something on the Wikibooks mailing lists (most others you have already bumped). Take special notice of Jomegat (extremely old, contemplative Wikibookian, than can probably give you good insights) and Adrignola (especially for his extensive work on organizing the subject and categories sections of Wikibook will certainly have a good general view on trends and how volunteers engage the project). --Panic (discuss • contribs) 04:09, 27 September 2011 (UTC)

Math Playground
$$a/b$$

title: User talk:Thewinster


text:
Cookbook:Pepperoni Pasta Salad

| American cuisine | Cheese | Meats | Pasta | Salad

Ingredients

 * 6 ounces orzo, cooked and well drained
 * ½ cup Italian dressing
 * 4 ounces shredded mozzarella cheese
 * 4 ounces sliced pepperoni
 * 2 diced tomatoes

Procedure

 * 1) Combine all of the ingredients in a large bowl and toss well to combine.
 * 2) Serve warm or chill before serving.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cookbook:Pepperoni Pasta Salad


text:
User talk:206.160.155.28

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 20:54, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:206.160.155.28


text: Subject:Zoology

title: Subject:Zoology


text:
Subject:Computer programming

de:Regal:Programmierung Fundamentos de programación Programmation Introdución á programación Programmazione e Sviluppo プログラミング Introdução à programação/Prefácio 程序设计

title: Subject:Computer programming


text:
Subject:Computer science

ko:위키책:컴퓨터 과학

title: Subject:Computer science


text:
Subject:Information technology

情報技術

title: Subject:Information technology


text: Subject:Computing

title: Subject:Computing


text:
User:XN73Q/Latin/Suffixes/Diminutive

<!--The diminutive suffix can show shortness, smallness, affection or can be condescening. The emperor Romulus Augustus had a diminutive nickname that showed the latter. Augustulus was meant to show how insignficant he was. On the other hand, emperors like Caligula had affectionate ones (Caligula means "Little sandal"). The diminutive will often just be a nickname (which will often be in the Vocative) for example Iacobule would be a nickname for Iacobus. "-lus" and "-la" are generally the ending forms throughout the declensions. "-olus" is given after a vowel (Gladius → Gladiolus) Abbreviations used in the tables below are "Nom." = Nominative, "Gen." = Genitive and "Dim." = Diminutive.

In nouns
The diminutive form of a noun takes the gender of the word of origin e.g. Vicus (masc.) becomes Viculus (masc.) Some irregular forms are Conventus (masc.) which becomes Conventiculum (neu.) and Nux (fem.) which becomes Nucleus (masc.)

The first and second declensions
In proper names of the first declension, "-ia" can sometimes become "-illa" (Lucia → Lucilla). An exception to the rules above is "-ina" which becomes "-ella". So femina (lady) would drop the "-in-" and make femella (meaning "girl") rather than "feminella". Masculine and neuter "-in-" words (ending in -inus, -um) become "-illus, -um" like in Catillus, coming from Catinus.

The third declension
The third declension is the trickiest of the declensions for adding a diminutive suffix. The many forms each have endings which vary and the gender has to be individually learnt.

Double diminutive
When the normal diminutive is "-ulus, -a, -um," The double diminutive is "-ellus, -a, -um." Therefore Capitulum (Little head - The diminutive of "Caput, -itis") becomes Capitellum (also neuter - probably translating as "tiny head"). The triple diminutive is "-ellulus, -a, -um,", so Capitellulum. It is then possible to make infinite forms (See the image.)

In adjectives

 * Paulus
 * Parvulus

In verbs

 * Cantillo, Cantillare, Cantillavi, Cantillatus = Sing low, low hum

title: User:XN73Q/Latin/Suffixes/Diminutive


text:
Talk:Logic for Computer Science

Possible merge
This book is for logic as it relates to computer science. But there is also a book Logic for Computer Scientists. How are these different?  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:33, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I think these two books should be merged. LeoChiukl (discuss • contribs) 17:08, 4 April 2022 (UTC)

Good point. I tried to get in contact for a join but got no answer by now. We ll see.

--Sterling 18:27, 22 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I would plead for Logic for Computer Scientists as the merge target though, cf. manual of style. Logic for Computer Science sounds weird, because logic is kind of inseparable from CS, you don’t have to “add” it. ‑‑Kai Burghardt (discuss • contribs) 16:26, 22 June 2022 (UTC)

Possible source of content
You may be interested in this transwiki. If you have another book in mind where the content may be useful, please leave a note on the relevant talk page. Thanks! – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 04:50, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

What's this book for?
This book seems to cover a lot of things ,without proper order. Can anyone tell me? Visame (talk) 19:50, 3 May 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Logic for Computer Science


text: Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Civ:Alpha Centauri


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Wine and Cheese Party

Wine and Cheese Party
Found this too, it's not a textbook so much as a short page of notes about how to throw a party with wine and cheese. Certainly isn't instructional enough, and doesnt even contain enough information to really throw a good party. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk)

 * Keep - I consider this one a stub, it has some information that can be built upon, or even merged in another book. --Panic 04:02, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep - another keep from the resident inclusionist. Contains useful information that could be included in a book on entertaining, or merged into the Cookbook. -- xixtas talk 05:33, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep - looks like a How-To to me. I doubt that it really fits in the Cookbook, however this is at least the second time someone has suggested this. Webaware talk 08:25, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Merge - I think the Cookbook could use this somehow. -within focus 15:40, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Merge - not a textbook on it's own, but can definitely be integrated into the Cookbook.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:51, 20 August 2007 (UTC)


text: Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Dragons

title: Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Dragons


text: Template:Merge vote

title: Template:Merge vote


text:
User:Sproutable

I'm hoping to add some information on growing sprouts at home or for a small local business.

title: User:Sproutable


text:
Physics with Calculus/Electromagnetism/Maxwell's Equations

So, to unify everything we have said about electricity and magnetism so far, we will write out Maxwell's equations together. Taken together, Maxwell's equations describe all of classical electrodynamics.

First we have Gauss' law:

$$\oint_{S} \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{A} = \frac{Q_{encl}}{\epsilon_0}$$.

Gauss' law for magnetism is

$$\oint_{S} \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{A} = 0$$.

Ampere's law is

$$\oint_{C} \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{s} = \mu_0 I_{encl}$$.

Finally, Faraday's law is

$$\oint_{C} \vec{E} = -\frac{d \Phi_B}{dt}$$.

However, imagine a parallel plate capacitor. If we apply Ampere's law around the wire, and take the surface so that the wire cuts through it, we get one answer. But if we take the surface so that it goes in between the parallel plates, we get 0 for the surface integral! We have to revise our laws. Maxwell added in a term which essentially implies that when charge builds up, current has flowed in -- the conservation of charge. This manifests itself as a new term in Ampere's law (you can actually show that in order to have charge conserved, this is the only possible term that is legal and able to be measured):

$$\oint_{C} \vec{B} \cdot d\vec{s} = \mu_0 I_{encl} + \epsilon_0 \mu_0 \frac{d \Phi_E}{dt}$$.

Look at the equations; there are two contour integral equations and two surface integral equations. The Ampere-Maxwell law and the Faraday law both have the derivative of the flux of the opposite field in them. It is not difficult to imagine that if we had a magnetic charge, Maxwell's equations would be completely symmetrical, up to the constants in front of terms.

Also, we can apply Green's Theorem to Maxwell's equations and obtain them in another form:

$$\nabla \cdot E = \frac{\rho}{\epsilon_0}$$

$$\nabla \cdot B = 0 $$

$$\nabla \times E + \frac{\partial B}{\partial t} = 0$$

$$\nabla \times B - \epsilon_0 \mu_0 \frac{\partial E}{\partial t} = \mu_0 J $$.

Helmholtz's theorem states that a function is uniquely defined by it's divergence, curl, and suitable boundary conditions. If we play around with that theorem a little bit, we can show that Maxwell's equations completely specify all of electromagnetism.


text:
User talk:Tybee

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. --dark lama  03:36, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Please restore deleted content.
I've left you a reply on my talk page. --dark lama  03:36, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tybee


text:
Embedded Systems/Linux

can range from consumer electronics like smartphones and smart TVs to industrial machinery, medical devices, automotive systems, communication equipment and more. Linux brings the power, flexibility, and stability to these resource-constrained devices.

Core components of an Linux on embedded systems are, custom and. Source code is compiled by. Common boot loader is – the Universal Boot Loader. Root FS usually is based on – software suite that provides many Unix utilities in a single executable file. Local debugging often is limited, so can be used.

Basic embedded Linux system can be compiled manually from modules above. There are tools for complete system generation from old and simple to huge, which creates customized embedded Linux distributions. PC distributions, ant others  have build for  processors.

, and  are examples of popular s supporting embedded Linux.

Unlike regular desktop or server distributions of Linux these versions of Linux usually have much fewer libraries and application, is smaller and typically boot from  or.

Build frameworks and environments

 * – Android for smartwatches and other wearables.
 * – old simple patch and make based build environment
 * and – a  based build framework and environment
 * – make-like build tool
 * – open wireless router
 * – for ancient 16-bit x86 machines and emulators
 * – for ancient 16-bit x86 machines and emulators

Components

 * The Linux Kernel
 * "" implementations: ,
 * GUIs:, , ,
 * – lightweight

variants

 * General purpose glibc, 7.9 MB
 * , 560 KB
 * , 527 KB
 * , 185 KB
 * – primarily for booting Linux systems
 * – originally developed by Google for the Android embedded system operating system
 * – originally developed by Google for the Android embedded system operating system

Further reading:
 * Comparison of C/POSIX standard library implementations for Linux
 * Choosing System C library

Distributions
Distributions for processors:
 * – port of  for  processors
 * – and  based
 * – port of
 * – proprietary based

Lightweight cloud oriented systems:
 * – uses, and.
 * RHCOS – Red Hat Enterprise Linux CoreOS for
 * https://MicroShift.io/ – lightweight Kubernetes distribution designed for edge and IoT computing environments
 * https://MicroShift.io/ – lightweight Kubernetes distribution designed for edge and IoT computing environments

Lightweight multi-platform distributions:

Common multi-platform distributions:

Features of Linux kernel for embedded systems

 * I/O and buses:
 * GPIO
 * SPI
 * I2C
 * ⚲ UAPI:
 * , https://i2c.wiki.kernel.org
 * – Multi-Function Devices
 * – peripheral USB device implementation
 * – Industrial I/O
 * – Generic Voltage and Current Regulator support
 * – Simple List Of Blocks memory allocator
 * – describes hardware components for the kernel
 * – Industrial I/O
 * – Generic Voltage and Current Regulator support
 * – Simple List Of Blocks memory allocator
 * – describes hardware components for the kernel
 * – Simple List Of Blocks memory allocator
 * – describes hardware components for the kernel
 * – describes hardware components for the kernel

Multimedia

 * Audio
 * ASoC – ALSA System on Chip
 * https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/ASoC
 * TFT (LCD) –
 * https://www.alsa-project.org/wiki/ASoC
 * TFT (LCD) –

File systems and storage

 * – Unsorted Block Image FS
 * – a compressed read-only FS with low
 * – block device
 * More: ,

MMU less
Linux was originally designed on a processor with a (MMU). Most embedded systems do not have a MMU, as we discussed earlier (Embedded Systems/Memory) and are called s. Microcontrollers without a MMU are cheaper consumes less power.

Benefits of using a processor with a MMU:
 * can isolate running "untrusted" machine code from running "critical" code, so the "untrusted" code is guaranteed (in the absence of hardware failures) not to interfere with the "critical" code
 * makes it easier for the OS to present the illusion of virtual memory
 * can run "normal" Linux (could also run "μClinux", but what's the point?)

– "MicroController Linux" is a version of the Linux kernel that supports Altera NIOS, ARM, Freescale M68K (including DragonBall, ColdFire, PowerQUICC and others), Hitachi H8, MIPS, and Xilinx MicroBlaze processors.

Disabling parameter CONFIG_MMU enables nommu mode.

Real-time
People use a variety of methods to combine tasks with Linux:
 * 1) Run the real-time tasks on a dedicated microcontroller; communicate with a (non-real-time) PC that handles non-real-time tasks. This is pretty much your only choice if you need real-time response times below 1 microsecond.
 * 2) Run the real-time tasks in a "underlying" dedicated real-time operating system; run Linux as a "nested operating system" inside one low-priority task on top of the real-time operating system. Some of these systems claim real-time response times below 500 microseconds.
 * 3) use a Linux kernel designed to emphasize real-time tasks, and run the real-time tasks with a high priority (perhaps even as a kernel thread).

Examples of RT distributions:
 * Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Real Time
 * Real-time Ubuntu
 * Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Real Time
 * Real-time Ubuntu
 * Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Real Time
 * Real-time Ubuntu

Several RT features provide real time capabilities:
 * RT preemption
 * RT scheduling
 * CPU partitioning and isolation
 * Dynticks (Tickless, nohz)

RT preemption
The PREEMPT_RT patch has been partially merged into the mainline Linux kernel, starting from version 5.15. This means that real-time capabilities are now available as part of the mainline Linux kernel, making it easier to deploy and maintain real-time systems using Linux.

Lazy preemption (CONFIG_PREEMPT_LAZY) remains in the external patchset.

However, the real-time capabilities of Linux are still evolving, and there are ongoing efforts to improve real-time performance and reduce latency even further. The Linux Foundation's Real-Time Linux (RTL) collaborative project is focused on improving the real-time capabilities of Linux and advancing the adoption of real-time Linux in various industries, including aerospace, automotive, robotics, and telecommunications.

In summary, real-time Linux is now part of the mainline Linux kernel, and there are ongoing efforts to improve real-time performance and reduce latency even further.

Parameter enables real-time preemption.

RT scheduling policies
Scheduling policies for RT:
 * implemented in
 * implemented in
 * implemented in
 * implemented in

API:
 * – manipulate the real-time attributes of a process
 * – get the SCHED_RR interval for the named process
 * , sched_getscheduler – set and get scheduling policy/parameters
 * , sched_get_priority_max – get static priority range

Testing RT capabilities
The testing process for Real-Time Linux typically involves several key aspects. First and foremost, it is crucial to verify the accuracy and stability of the system's timekeeping mechanisms. Precise time management is fundamental to real-time applications, and any inaccuracies can lead to timing errors and compromise the system's real-time capabilities.

Another essential aspect of testing is evaluating the system's scheduling algorithms. Real-Time Linux employs advanced scheduling policies to prioritize critical tasks and ensure their timely execution. Testing the scheduler involves assessing its ability to allocate resources efficiently, handle task prioritization correctly, and prevent resource contention or priority inversion scenarios.

Furthermore, latency measurement is a critical part of Real-Time Linux testing. Latency refers to the time delay between the occurrence of an event and the system's response to it. In real-time applications, minimizing latency is crucial to achieving timely and predictable behavior. Testing latency involves measuring the time it takes for the system to respond to various stimuli and identifying any sources of delay or unpredictability.

Additionally, stress testing plays a significant role in assessing the system's robustness under heavy workloads. It involves subjecting the Real-Time Linux system to high levels of concurrent activities, intense computational loads, and input/output operations to evaluate its performance, responsiveness, and stability. Stress testing helps identify potential bottlenecks, resource limitations, or issues that might degrade the real-time behavior of the system.

 * RTLA – The realtime Linux analysis tool:
 * – CLI for the kernel's
 * – CLI for the kernel's . Kernel function measures time with function  in loop.
 * – CLI for the with interrupts disabled
 * Implementation: and
 * Linux scheduling latency debug and analysis

 * RT-Tests, source
 * cyclictest
 * some RT-Tests man pages:
 * cyclictest – measures or  delay

 * hackbench – scheduler benchmark/stress test
 * hwlatdetect – CLI for / . Kernel function  measures time delays with function  in loop.
 * oslat – measures delay with in busy loop
 * RT Tracing Tools with eBPF

Further reading about real-time Linux:

 * Introduction to Real-Time Linux: Unleashing Deterministic Computing
 * Power Management and Scheduling in the Linux Kernel (OSPM)
 * the Real-Time Linux wiki
 * CPU partitioning and isolation
 * Realtime@LWN
 * linux-stable-rt.git
 * linux-rt-devel.git
 * Realtime kernel patchset, Arch Linux
 * https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/rt/ - RT patches for upstream kernel
 * (HPET)
 * Demystifying the Real-Time Linux Scheduling Latency
 * Real-time kernel tuning in RHEL 9
 * Linux subsystems related to real-time
 * Interrupts
 * Deferred works
 * Non-maskable interrupt handler (NMI)
 * System management interrupt (SMI)
 * latency @ LKML
 * PREEMPT_RT @ LKML
 * latency @ LKML
 * PREEMPT_RT @ LKML

Further readings about Embedded Linux:
 * Embedded Linux Conference (ELC) @ EOSS 2023
 * https://elinux.org
 * ARM support
 * https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Architectures-ARM
 * architecture-specific initialization
 * Learning the vi Editor
 * https://lwn.net/Kernel/Index/#Architectures-ARM
 * architecture-specific initialization
 * Learning the vi Editor
 * Learning the vi Editor

title: Embedded Systems/Linux


text:
User talk:Rohanedlabadkar

śhiiiiiiiiiiiii

title: User talk:Rohanedlabadkar


text:
User talk:Zachary (usurped)~enwikibooks

Hello, Zachary. A request has been made to usurp, or "take over", your username because you have not used it to edit, and another user would like to use it to edit. Because the other user has username "Zachary" in most of Wikimedia projects, I decided to rename your account from "Zachary" to "Zachary (usurped)" to avoid confusion. If you want to change your current username, please leave a message on my talk page. --Derbeth talk 09:29, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Zachary (usurped). To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Zachary (usurped)~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:55, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:40, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zachary (usurped)~enwikibooks


text: User:ZJH/monobook.js

title: User:ZJH/monobook.js


text:
User talk:Zachary

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. --Derbeth talk 09:33, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zachary


text:
Cookbook:Orzo

| Pasta

Orzo, which is Italian for barley, is a form of pasta, in which the pasta is formed into shapes like large grains of rice. It is quick to absorb liquid, so adding it to a stock makes a quick meal.

title: Cookbook:Orzo


text:
GtkRadiant/System Shaders

https://archive.is/20130707082205/img213.imageshack.us/img213/6300/areaportalin7.jpg areaportal Blocks vis when a door is closed, to function the brush has to be textured with the "skip" shader and ONE face has to be textured with the "areaportal" shader, then the face with the "areaportal" shader has to be exactly in the middle of the door.

https://archive.is/20130707080023/img138.imageshack.us/img138/3453/caulkbk5.jpg caulk

This is the most common system shader, this shader is invisible and all faces with this shader wont be drawn by the engine, therefore this shader should be on any face the player cant see.

https://archive.is/20130707080023/img138.imageshack.us/img138/3453/caulkbk5.jpg caulk_noclip Same as caulk, but this one also makes the brush non-solid i.e. you can walk though it.

https://archive.is/20130707080023/img138.imageshack.us/img138/3453/caulkbk5.jpg caulk_water Same as the normal caulk, but this one gives the brush water properties i. e. Splash sounds, drowning and stuff like that.

http://img467.imageshack.us/img467/4692/clipdy0.jpg clip This shader is completely invisible ingame and will block players, NPCs and BOTs, but missiles, blasters and grenades will get though. This is useful for making stairs and stuff like that.

https://archive.is/20130707075025/img213.imageshack.us/img213/8865/cushionxg9.jpg cushion If a player lands on a brush with this shader he will not take any falldown damage. Caution: this will also remove any landing sounds, so use carefully.

http://img467.imageshack.us/img467/2305/hintuf0.jpg hint This shader is used to block vis around corners, it has to be placed so that it is overlapping 8 units with structural brushes in all directions. for further information check this tutorial.

https://archive.is/20130707081251/img120.imageshack.us/img120/343/insideuj7.jpg inside If you have any weather effects(like rain, snow) in your map, you should place this brush everywhere you don't want the weather effect to appear, like inside buildings. Note: This CANT be used in combination with the "outside" shader.

http://img467.imageshack.us/img467/6498/nodroput5.jpg nodrop This nonsolid shader will prevent players who die when they are inside a brush textured with this shader from dropping their weapons. This is useful in pits-of-death to stop the models in the pit stealing FPS.

https://archive.is/20130707080520/img213.imageshack.us/img213/8391/noimpactsi7.jpg noimpact No explosions occur when projectiles strike this surface and no marks will be left on it. Sky textures are usually marked with this texture so projectiles will not hit the sky and leave marks.

https://archive.is/20130707080827/img151.imageshack.us/img151/701/originiz5.jpg origin This shader is used on brushes to specify the center(or just the place the engine is supposed to think the center is) of some entities, like func_statics or func_trains. All rotating things will rotate AROUND the origin brush and moving things will move the origin brush(and because its connected to the rest the rest will move too).

https://archive.is/20130707090437/img120.imageshack.us/img120/3382/outsidegf1.jpg outside Same as the "inside" shader, but this time it specifies where to play the rain effect, place this shader where you want to have rain. Note: This CANT be used in combination with the "inside" shader.

https://archive.is/20130707075358/img213.imageshack.us/img213/4503/physicsclipqg9.jpg physics_clip Same as clip, except this one blocks everything except visibility, this is very useful to clip models.

https://archive.is/20130707083848/img120.imageshack.us/img120/5699/rainsurfup5.jpg rainsurf Surfaces with this texture on them will(should) enable that rain-splatter effect. Although Smoke says it does not work.

http://img467.imageshack.us/img467/3538/shotonlyclipzu4.jpg shotonlyclip Same as clip but only blocks blaster shots. Rockets, and grenades will pass.

https://archive.is/20130707080213/img295.imageshack.us/img295/4386/slickqa4.jpg slick This shader will make the surface its on slick, that means you will glide and cand change direction.

https://archive.is/20130707080029/img120.imageshack.us/img120/1606/triggerhx7.jpg trigger

A player inside this shader will be able to trigger a event. the event is specified in the map editor.

https://archive.is/20130707075905/img120.imageshack.us/img120/6841/terrainql4.jpg terrain This is one of the most complex shaders, it will allow you making nice terrains with blended textures. To see how this is used, go Help > General > Terrain Manual in GtkRadiant.

http://img467.imageshack.us/img467/1546/weatherzonera2.jpg weatherzone

If you have inside or outside shaders in your map, try to enclose them into brushes textured with the "weatherzone" shader. This isn't necessary but will improve the FPS.

title: GtkRadiant/System Shaders


text:
GtkRadiant/Model Tricks

Retexturing a Model
Retexturing a model is very useful sometimes, for example if you have a rock, and want it to be out of ice or so..

to do it, just add:

key: _remap value: *;[texture]

Example: key: _remap  value: *;textures/hoth/ice2

Per - surface model remapping
If you don't want to retexture the whole of the model with one texture, you can use per-surface model remapping.

To do this, use:

key: _remapNN value: [old texture];[new texture]

NN is the surface of the model - you can probably find this by looking at it in a text editor.

Example: key: _remap01 value: textures/hoth/ice;textures/hoth/ice2

Rotating a model
Most people know how to rotate a model around the z-axis, just press the angle buttons. But, if you want to rotate the model around the x or the y axis you will have to use:

Key: <tt>angle s </tt> Value: <tt><X> <Y> <Z></tt>

Example: Key: <tt>angle s </tt> Value: <tt>90 75 60</tt>

Autoclipping/Lighting a Model
Autoclip(Should not be used on small models with many polys): Key: <tt>spawnflags</tt> Value: <tt>2</tt>

Autolight: Key: <tt>spawnflags</tt> Value: <tt>4</tt>

These can be combined to: Key: <tt>spawnflags</tt> Value: <tt>6</tt>

Scaling Models
Scale on all Axes: Key: <tt>modelscale</tt> Value: <tt>[Multiplier]</tt>

Example (makes model 1.3 times bigger): Key: <tt>modelscale</tt> Value: <tt>1.3</tt>

Scale on specific axis: Key: <tt>modelscale_ vec </tt> Value: <tt>[Multiplier X] [Multiplier Y] [Multiplier Z]</tt>

Example: Key: <tt>modelscale_ vec </tt> Value: <tt>1.2 0.7 2.1</tt>

title: GtkRadiant/Model Tricks


text:
Template:GtkRadiant/NAV

 GtkRadiant = Usage = This:

will produce this:

title: Template:GtkRadiant/NAV


text:
Cookbook:Orange Soda

| Beverages

This is a quick and easy homemade orange soda recipe.

Ingredients

 * 2¼ cups (560 ml / 19 oz) water, warm or room temperature
 * 2¾ cups (625 g / 1.38 lb) white granulated sugar
 * 1 oz (28 g) orange syrup concentrate
 * Cold seltzer water

Procedure

 * 1) Pour the water into a 2-quart or larger pan.
 * 2) Add the sugar to the water. Stir until the sugar dissolves.
 * 3) Add the concentrate to the sugar water. Stir until mixed.
 * 4) Using a funnel, add the syrup to an empty plastic bottle (make sure to close it with its cap when done). Refrigerate until cold.
 * 5) Fill any glass halfway with seltzer water. From the bottle, add the syrup to the glass. Stir until mixed (optional).

title: Cookbook:Orange Soda


text:
User:TheBilly

Same name on Wikipedia. Long time Wikipedia user

title: User:TheBilly


text:
Talk:C Programming/Common practices

 * One simple solution to this is to ensure that any pointer is set to a null pointer immediately after being freed

I thought you should not do that this way, because another thread could access that memory after being freed by us and before we assign it the NULL value, which would lead to an unexpected behavior.

I would rather use p = NULL; free (p);

instead of free (p); p = NULL;

trosos 213.220.245.54 12:14, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

 * That won't work. By assigning NULL to p before freeing, p no longer points to the memory location to be freed. This means you've created a memory leak, free may crash your program or cause your program to do strange things (this is known as "undefined behavior"). Also its just as likely that another thread will access p while its set to NULL before free is called, perhaps making p point to something else and causing whatever p points to now to be freed instead, which may not be whats wanted. Better solution is to lock access to the variable so its unaccessible by other threads until after the free is complete. Something like:

thread_lock(p); free(p); p = NULL; thread_unlock(p); --dark lama  12:51, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

I agree with Darklama that calling free with the argument 0 can't possibly work. The free library routine needs to know *which* of many blocks of memory I've malloced that I want to free. If I always call free with the same argument (zero), no matter which block of memory I really wanted to free, then there's no way for the implementation of free to guess which of those blocks I really wanted to free.

Dealing with multi-threaded programming is already tricky, even without trying to give 2 different threads access to the same piece of malloced memory.

A freed block of memory may be immediately re-used and overwritten by some other process. Freeing that memory can be considered a very special variation of writing to that memory. So I think the same techniques used to deal with one or more threads writing to a block of memory and one or more threads reading that same block of memory also apply when one of those threads wants to free that memory.

The general problem is the readers-writers problem. Locking that block so only one thread at a time can access it is *one* good solution. But I think that solution (and others) should be discussed under the topic of multithreading, not under the topic of malloc and free.

Is multithreading entirely outside the scope of this book? If so, what other book is appropriate for discussing multitasking in C -- perhaps Parallel Computing and Computer Clusters?

If multitasking is in the scope of this book, do we need yet another chapter in this book, analogous to C++ Programming/Threading? --DavidCary (talk) 04:01, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:C Programming/Common practices


text:
Problems In High School Chemistry/PhChem/thermo1/Problem1

Read the paragraph in "The Setup" section and answer the questions that follow it. This question is supposed to replace a theory part explaining obvious facts with an interactive session.

The Setup
A horizontally aligned cylinder is divided into two sections by a vertical massless frictionless sliding adiabatic piston. Both the left and the right sections have one mole each of an ideal gas (whose molar specific heat is 20 J/mol K) at 300 K and 2.0 L. The ideal gas in the right section is maintained at a constant temperature by means of a diathermic contact with some external agent. The ideal gas in the left section, however, is in contact with a heater, which heats it slowly so that the left section expands. By the time the heater stops supplying heat, the volume of the right section has decreased to 1.0 L.

Now answer the accompanying questions.

 * Note - Before solving the problem, make sure that you understand the whole of it. This problem is of intermediate level. Like most questions in physical chemistry, it seems tough only because of its length. To understand the whole scenario in this (and every other) question, note down the necessary data and diagrams where you are solving the problem. Doing so will familiarize you with the problem, and give you some mental exercise.
 * So before you start to solve, draw a cylinder resting on its curved surface, divided into two parts. To each part assign the values of the gas parameters, and note which section will be heated and which one will be maintained at a constant temperature.

Question 1
What process is the gas in the right section R undergoing?

Since it is maintained at a constant temperature, it is undergoing an isothermal process. Also, since the volume change is taking place slowly (quasi-statically), it is a reversible process. It is thus, a reversible isothermal process. The diathermic contact with an external agent just means heat can be exchanged between section R and the external agent. This is used to maintain the constant temperature in section R.

Question 2
What is the significance of the adiabatic piston in between Sections L and R?

The adiabatic piston ensures that heat does not flow between the two sections. That is, the heat supplied to section L is utilized in heating the gas and doing PV work only, and is not passed on to section R.

Question 3
What is then, the work done by the gas in the section R?

Use the expression/formulae for isothermal process ∫PextdV = nRTln(Vf/Vi). All of the values are known, n=1, T = 300 K constant, Vf = 1.0 L and Vi=2.0 L. The answer comes out to be -1.73 x 10^3 J. Since by IUPAC convention, work done by the gas has the same magnitude but opposite sign as ∫PextdV, the final answer is 1.73 x 10^3 J.

Question 4
∆E and q for the gas in section R are ___J and ___J respectively.

Well, in an isothermal process, ∆E is always zero, because for an ideal gas, Internal energy depends only on temperature, and the temperature remains constant. q is to be found using the First Law Of Thermodynamics, and it comes out to be -1.73 x 10^3 J

Question 5
'''When the heating stops, the piston stands still. What does this tell us about the pressures of the ideal gases in the two sections?'''

If the piston stands still, it means it is in a state of mechanical equilibrium. (Can you explain satisfactorily the difference between mechanical and thermodynamic equilibrium? Refer any textbook or Wikipedia and note the answer just now if you cannot.) This makes us conclude that the net force acting on it is zero.

In other words, the force from the gas in section R and the force from the gas in section L are same in magnitude and opposite in sign. Equating their magnitudes, Pr x Piston Area = Pl x Piston Area. That is, the pressures of ideal gases in both the sections are same! This is a very important result, do remember how we concluded it.

Question 6
If the piston had some finite mass, and the cylinder was aligned vertically, would the pressures be same in case of equilibrium?

Definitely not! You can draw a free body diagram of the piston and check. The ideal gas in the bottom section has to counterbalance the force due to the gas above, as well as the gravitational force acting downward. This means, the gas below will be at a higher pressure, by an amount (Piston Mass)g/(Piston Area) pascals. (Convince yourself about this point.)

Question 7
By performing actual integration, find the value of ∫PextdV for the gas in Section L.

This is a very nice question, because it helps to clarify the significance of each and every variable. Pext for the gas in section L is nothing but the pressure against which it is expanding. This pressure is the pressure of the gas in section R.

∫PextdV = ∫PrdVl

Now we substitute Pr as nRTr/Vr.

∫PextdV = ∫PrdVl = ∫(nRTr/Vr)(dVl) = nRTr∫(dVl)/(Vr)

(The numerator was taken out of integration, because it is a constant)

Now comes the main step of the question. Can we integrate the variable Vr with respect to the variable Vl? Definitely not. So we substitute the variable Vr as [4.0 L - Vl] and carry out the integration from limits 2.0L to 3.0 L. This is because, the total volume of the cylinder will remain constant at 2.0 + 2.0 = 4.0 L, and if the volume of one section increases by some amount, the volume of the other section decreases by the same amount.

(The substitution Vr = 4.0L - Vl is similar to the case of evaluating ∫PextdV for an ideal gas in an isothermal process. There, since we could not integrate P wrt V, we substituted it as nRT/V)

The definite integration yields the value of the integral to be (nRTr)(-1)(ln[{4-3}/{4-2}]) = nRTrln2 = 1.73 x 10^3 J same in magnitude, but opposite in sign, as ∫PextdV for section R. Note this point carefully.

Question 8
'''We substituted Pext = Pr = nRTr/Vr. = nRTr/(4.0 - Vl). But we do know that since this is a quasi static process, the piston is always in mechanical equilibrium and hence the pressures of gases in both the section are always same. So why did not we substitute Pext = Pr = Pl = nRT/Vl?'''

Definitely we could have done this. But take a look back at Q7. The numerator nRTr was constant an could be taken out of integration. Is this the case with nRTl as well? No. We would again need to substitute Tl as some function of Vl, so that we could carry on with the integration. All in all, what we did was correct.

Question 9
Prove that the values of ∫PextdV for the two sections are always going to be the additive inverse of each other for this scenario.

Consider ∫PextdVr + ∫PextdVl. To prove our point, we will prove this expression to be zero, no matter what. The first point is, as we discussed above, the Pext for one section is the pressure of the ideal gas in the other section. Now, both are equal at any point of time in our case (because the process is quasi static, both mechanical and thermodynamic equilibrium are maintained at every stage. Convince yourself that this statement leads to our conclusion.)

Also, we have already proved before that the change in the volume of one section is the additive inverse of the change in the volume of the other section. See Q7, and by the way, this is obvious. So,

dVr = -dVl.

Hence, ∫PextdVr + ∫PextdVl. = ∫PextdVr - ∫PextdVr = 0.

Question 10
Find the work done w by the gas in section L, its ∆E and the heat supplied by the heater.

 * w = - ∫PextdV = -1.73 x 10^3 J
 * ∆E = nCv∆T. Now finding the change in temperature is a different task altogether. But use the skills that you derived from solving the table. The initial temperature is known to us. But for the final state, we only know the volume. The temperature and pressure are not known. We need two equations then. The first is the ideal gas equation. The second is obviously, Pl = Pr. = nRTr/Vr.
 * Substitute this value of Pl in the ideal gas equation (do not obtain the numerical value, it will just increase some calculation). After a lot of cancellation (to our satisfaction), we obtain Tl = 600K. n=1 moles, Cv = 20.0 J/K mol and ∆T = 300K. This gives the answer to be 1.20 x 10^4 J
 * The heat supplied by the heater is nothing but q for section l, which is to be found using the first law of thermodynamics and is found equal to, after rounding off, 1.4 x 10^4 J.


text:
GtkRadiant/The Ceiling & Spawn Points

All the walls should be textured and done by now, and be in their correct positions, if not, go back to the last chapter and repeat it. So, if you're done, lets make the ceiling. The first way to do this would be to make a completely new brush, texture one side of it and caulk the other ones, but, I guess you have enough of caulking and texturing by now, so let's do it in another way. So start by selecting the floor (SHIFT+CLICK) and duplicate it (SPACE), now, switch to the side view and drag the duplicate of the floor all the way to the top of the room where the ceiling should be. But now, the texture is still on the wrong side, right, so we need to flip the whole brush around to make that the texture is on the correct side, to do so, click the button on the toolbar. This should flip the brush around the Z axis which means that the brush is now upside-down and the textured surface is the one facing the room. Just make sure the brush is in the correct position as brushes sometimes move a bit during a flip or rotate, when you are sure the brush is in the correct position, we can go on to making the light.

To make the light, right click somewhere on the 2D grid on and select light in the context menu that appears, a dialog should pop up asking you about the light intensity i.e. how strong the light is, in most cases the default is a good value, but if you want to make dimmed or super bright areas, you can adjust it here, so, for now, simply click the OK button and a small, diamond-shaped thing should appear, and you have created your first entity. An entity is something that interacts with the game or the compiler or both. Our light in this case interacts with both, anyway, an entity can have many different properties, for example the light entity can flicker, be colored etc.

You could try to make a flickering light by selecting the light (if it isn't already selected) and opening the entity window (N). You should now see the entity window which contains an explanation of the current entity, a list of properties assigned to it and some buttons and fields which you can read about here. To make the light flicker, just type style into the textfield labeled Key and 1 into the field labeled value, then press enter and you will see that a new property has been assigned to the light entity called style, which has the value 1. So make sure the light is inside the room and not in the walls or outside it. If it's inside the room and looks alright, the light is done.

Now the light is done, so let's go on to the spawn point. A spawn point is an entity as well, just like the light entity, which means that it's something that interacts with the game. A spawn point simply tells the game where you will spawn when you join the game. To place one, right click the 2D grid again, but this time hover over the sub menu called info and select info_player_start or info_player_deathmatch. A red or pink box should appear where you clicked, move that box somewhere in the room, it must not be inside a wall or floor, it should be on the floor. The size of the box is also important as it is the same size as a player in the game. You may also have noticed the arrow on the side of the box. This arrow indicates the direction which the player will face upon entering the game. This can be changed by selecting the entity and clicking the button.

title: GtkRadiant/The Ceiling & Spawn Points


text:
GtkRadiant/Getting it into the game

Everything should be set and done by now and you are probably full of eager to actually try the map out ingame. To begin, we need to compile the map. This means that the simple code a .map file is in will be translated into code the id Tech 3 or Quake 3 engine can understand. Compiling a map will also render shadows and lights round the map. Compiling this small room should just take a few seconds, but compiling larger, more detailed maps can take longer, much longer, sometimes even days.

Starting the compile process is simple, just open the Build (in GtkRadiant 1.4 this is called Bsp) menu and select any of the entries with (test) in them. If you have not yet saved the map, you will have to do this now. Later you will learn about the different options, but this should do it for now. When you click the menu item three console windows should open, one for each compile stage. They won't open all at the same time, but after the previous one is done.

After all three have closed, check the folder where you saved the .map  file, there should now be a .bsp file in the same folder with the same name as the map. If this is the case, start up the game you are mapping for, in this case Star Wars Jedi Knight: Jedi Academy and get into the ingame console (SHIFT+KEY BELOW ESC). Here, type /devmap mapname where you replace mapname with the name of your map file without the extension. So if your compiled map file would be called firstroom.bsp you would type /devmap firstroom and hit enter.

Your map should now load and you should spawn where you placed the spawn point. If you spawn but can't move, the spawn point is probably halfway inside the floor or the wall. If you get an error message, write about it on my talk page and I will add it to an error section of this book.

If it all works, then Congratulations, you have just made your first map! You should also have gotten some experience with GtkRadiant so I guess you can make other maps pretty soon. Good Luck!

Ingame Errors

 * Can't find maps/yourmap.bsp
 * This means that there is no file called yourmap.bsp in your GameData\base\maps folder. Remember that the .bsp file is not the same as the .map file. When compiling the map, that's what you do when that DOS window appears, the .map is turned into a .bsp, which the game can load. So usually, this error means something went wrong during the compile. Check the compile log (O) log for errors.

OR type this in console:

/sv_pure 0

Compile Errors

 * Map Leaked
 * This means that your map isn't totally closed off from the . Or a part of your entities is outside the map. A red line should appear telling you what and where.

title: GtkRadiant/Getting it into the game


text:
GtkRadiant/The Entity Window

Before learning about the entities, take a look at the entity window which is opened by pressing N. Here you can set all the properties of an entity, for example light strength, door speed, in fact everything that you can set.

title: GtkRadiant/The Entity Window


text:
User talk:Kezhang128

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:06, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kezhang128


text:
User talk:BrotherBill

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:09, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:BrotherBill


text:
User talk:213.113.140.151

 – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:16, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:213.113.140.151


text: Algorithms/Find maximum/visual basic method 1


text:
User talk:Santoshgupta

I notice that you tried to introduce yourself on your monobook.js; that's not the appropriate place to do it. You should instead edit User:Santoshgupta. Please also introduce yourself at WB:SLN. If you want information about what monobook.js is for, ask at WB:SLT.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:46, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Santoshgupta


text:
User:Santoshgupta

hi everybody my name is santosh gupta

title: User:Santoshgupta


text:
Transwiki:Windows 2000/XP hard drive migration

Migration of a hard drive in MS Windows XP (or 2000)

(Verified under Windows XP Professional SP2 and Windows 2000 Professional SP4)

Ever tried to move a hard drive containing a Windows installation from one PC to another, and ran into the BSOD.

I will not be responsible for any direct or indirect damage to hardware, software OR for any loss or damage to data resulting from following these procedures - You've been warned!

Pre-requisites:
1. Source Wintel machine (Windows computer you want to migrate the hard drive from)

2. Destination Wintel machine (computer you want to move your hard drive to) 3. List of all components and their manufacturers in both source and destination machines, this is usually listed in hardware manufacturer manuals (This is important!)

4. Administrative access to your machines, or at least access to make changes in Device Manager (Go to Start-> Run-> type compmgmt.msc, under System Tools you will see Device Manager)

5. Ensure you have all the compatible (XP or 2000) drivers (including Chipset and especially network card) for your destination hardware (I recommend downloading and saving them to your source machine under a "Drivers" folder that you will be able to find later)

6. Ensure your destination PC supports your hard drive Controller (i.e. cannot plug in IDE/PATA drive into SATA controller), and power requirements (not exceeding power supply wattage, which generally should not be a problem)

 * If you are having problems garnering information on all components, you may want to try Everest Home Edition 2.20 (free for non-business PCs) available at Major Geeks, a good place to start is the Manufacturer's website

NOTE:

1. This is not an alternative to a fresh installation, it is merely intended as a mechanism to save time migrating programs, documents and settings relatively painlessly.

2. This is not intended as a method to improve performance.

Procedure:
1. Cross-reference your lists from pre-requisite #3. Note ALL differences between the two machines.

2. Start up your source machine and log in to Windows.

3. Backup ALL your data including Bookmarks and Mail folders using your method of choice. (beyond scope of this article)

4. Launch Device Manager and check through your differences.

5. Navigate to the right-hand pane. (You should see your computer's name at the top of the device tree next to a little computer icon) During this process do not "click Scan for hardware changes," or you might have start all over again. a. For each device that is different b. Click that device, go to the Actions menu and select Uninstall c. DO NOT restart your computer when prompted, go to step 5a.

Important devices to watch out for: • Hard drive controllers (IDE ATA/ATAPI, SATA or SCSI) • Display Adapters • System Devices • Processor • Monitor • Network Adapters

6. When you are satisfied that everything different has been uninstalled. (Since conflicting drivers could cause the dreaded BSOD) SHUTDOWN your source PC properly (Start-->Shutdown, don't just unplug it or force a shutdown). Unplug it from the electrical source.

7. Remove your hard drive carefully noting the power and data cable positions.

8. Check that your jumper settings match your destination configuration (i.e. master/slave/cable select), usually explained by hard drive manufacturer's manual.

9. Insert your hard drive into your destination PC.

10. Power up your destination PC. Log in to Windows and allow hardware to be detected. If Windows is unable to detect your hardware, direct the "Found New Hardware Wizard" to the "Drivers" folder created earlier. (Be prepared for multiple reboots)

11. Open Device Manager once your reboots have subsided and look for any yellow "?" marks. This usually means some drivers could not be properly detected. Check that you've downloaded / installed all the recommended drivers. a. Run Windows / Microsoft Update to update/resolve driver issues. Keep your fingers crossed.

Hopefully, you've had a relatively painless experience getting your destination pc up and running. --Gv103 22:15, 14 April 2007 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Sproutable

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 16:15, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Growing Edible Sprouts
I'm glad to see so much work done so quickly. I hope you stick around wikibooks for a while. I removed the "bookify" and "adopt" tags from the top of this page since those have been done. When Whiteknight removed all the wikilinks (remember all the red text?), he bookified it. And when you moved it to it's new home, you adopted it. Done and done.

In reality, some bookifying still needs to be done. You have one page of good content, but we try to write textbooks here - it still looks and feels like a Wikipedia article. It needs a table of contents, chapters, sections... - it has to teach something. It's in no danger of being deleted tomorrow or anything, but it's not really a textbook right now, although it's a great start. I'm sure you already have plans for expansion, but I recommend doing a quick organizational outline of the book to give you a framework within. Take a look at how some of the featured books are organized for some ideas. If you need help, feel free to ask me, or continue asking the community at the staff lounge. Happy editing! – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 01:52, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sproutable


text:
User talk:219.64.136.6

 * If you want to comment on the state of a module, please do so on the associated talk page, not on the module itself.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 17:16, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:219.64.136.6


text:
User:Roomee~enwikibooks

This is Imran Hafeez Panhwar with this Nick Roomee, named by my nice friend Waseem,now he is in Abottabad.

Visit my Online blogs works, BioData, at www.ipanhwar.com/imran www.roomee.tk roomee.blogspot.com

title: User:Roomee~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Mtorr005

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 20:59, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mtorr005


text:
User talk:Alanf001

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:00, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alanf001


text:
User talk:Aludw003

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:00, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aludw003


text:
User talk:Clj~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:01, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Clj. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Clj~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:03, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:48, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Clj~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Jstif001

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:01, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jstif001


text:
User talk:Melissabiernot

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:01, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Melissabiernot


text:
User talk:607Rachel~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:02, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called 607Rachel. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name 607Rachel~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:54, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:27, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:607Rachel~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:TheBilly

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:02, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:TheBilly


text:
User talk:Dan Fredrickson

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:02, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dan Fredrickson


text:
User talk:Merlin1981~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:03, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Merlin1981. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Merlin1981~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:15, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Merlin1981~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Jstep022

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:03, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jstep022


text:
User talk:Adrew005

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:03, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Adrew005


text:
User talk:Okieh

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:04, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Okieh


text:
User talk:Drago001

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:04, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Drago001


text:
User talk:Naias~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:04, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Naias. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Naias~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:31, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:17, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Naias~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Jroma012

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:05, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jroma012


text:
User talk:Jbowe015

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:05, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jbowe015


text:
User talk:Nichole Simmons

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:05, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nichole Simmons


text:
User talk:Sburnette88

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:06, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sburnette88


text:
User talk:Thuriaux

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:06, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thuriaux


text:
User talk:Rojoleuleu

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:06, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rojoleuleu


text:
User talk:Jferi002

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:09, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Author Response
Well I admire the fact that you have not fallen to the pressures of drinking. I think more people should follow by your example, like myself lol, but I didn't start drinking until I turned 21 so I do feel proud about that. But I completely agree with your educational philosophy. Because if you read my brief bio, you will see that I'm a History Major, and my teaching philosophy is to make history fun. I want my students to wake up and not dread coming to Mr. Billups' class. Alot of kids don't like history because their teachers don't know how to make the students interested in it. So our teaching philosophy's are the same. Jbill007 (talk) 17:02, 11 September 2008 (UTC)

=Hi Jferi002!= Thanks for your response! I can certainly relate to the child calling his/her teacher "mom." My youngest daughter has called me by a teacher's name before. She's like "Ms. Martin, I mean Mom" I just smile and go on! Like you mentioned, it's no wonder for the mix-up as much time as the child spends with his/her teacher. It was nice to meet you and I look forward to having ECI301 with you!! --Lburn008 (talk) 00:00, 19 September 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jferi002


text:
User talk:Dachshund2k3

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 21:09, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dachshund2k3


text:
User:Kurykh

I am Kurykh, an editor and administrator on the English Wikipedia. __NOINDEX__

title: User:Kurykh


text:
User talk:Kurykh

Please direct any inquiries and comments to my talk page on the English Wikipedia, linked above. Thanks. __NOINDEX__

title: User talk:Kurykh


text:
User talk:Bookhound

Aaawoooh!!!

title: User talk:Bookhound


text:
User:Bookhound

Aaawoooh!!!

Example of linking to Wikipedia:

This code UN

produces this link:

UN

title: User:Bookhound


text:
User talk:195.137.93.171

 – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 00:45, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Talk:First Aid/Wilderness First Aid
Thanks for your comments at Talk:First Aid/Wilderness First Aid! My replies to both are there.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 00:54, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:195.137.93.171


text:
Celestia/Glossary

Introduction
This is a glossary of Celestia terminology. Many of the terms used with Celestia are very similar to the corresponding astronomical terminology. For a glossary of astronomical terms, see the Astronomical Terms: Appendix to the Wiktionary

Barycenter

 * A (possibly moving) invisible position in space defined in an STC catalog file, around which other STC and SSC objects can orbit.

catalog

 * A text file used to define objects and their positions. Different catalogs are used to define a Star (STC), a planetary system which orbits around a Star (SSC) and objects not associated with a Star (DSC).

CMOD

 * Celestia MODel file: a proprietary format used to define a 3D object.

DSC

 * Deep Space Catalog; used to define glowing Nebulae or Galaxies or invisible OpenCluster objects around which nothing can orbit. Celestia v1.6 adds Globular Clusters.

EllipticalOrbit

 * One of several different types of periodic trajectories, defined using traditional Keplerian parameters. Used in STC and SSC catalog files.

Galaxy

 * A glowing object defined in a DSC catalog file using a PNG template and astronomical coordinates.

GlobularCluster

 * A spherical group of dots defined in a DSC catalog file using parameters which determine how tightly grouped the dots are.

Hipparcos

 * An astrometric satellite and the database created from its observations; used to define the positions of more than 100,000 stars in Celestia.

Horizons

 * JPL's on-line solar system data and ephemeris computation service. Often used to generate orbit and trajectory data files.

Julian Date

 * Julian dates are a continuous count of days and fractions since noon Universal Time on January 1, 4713 BCE (on the Julian calendar). Almost 2.5 million days have transpired since this date. Julian dates are used in Celestia's SSC and STC catalogs for the fields Epoch, Beginning and Ending. These fields use 64-bit floating point (double precision) variables, and can represent a Julian date to about 1 millisecond of precision. The time scale that is the basis for Julian dates is Universal Time. Starting with v1.5, Celestia uses TDB internally and UT for its on-screen display. 0h UT corresponds to a Julian date fraction of 0.5: Julian days go from Noon to Noon instead of from Midnight to Midnight. This is so that the date doesn't change in the middle of nocturnal observations.

Location

 * A Celestia object: defines a label for a position on a body.

map

 * 1) An image file providing information about the visual characteristics of an object.
 * 2) A mathematical transform between the geometry of a spheroidal object and a flat surface. The mapping known as "simple cylindrical projection" or "Plate Carré" is used by Celestia to map between flat images (surface texture files) and spherical planets and moons.

Mesh

 * 1) A 3D model used to display an object with an arbitrary shape.
 * 2) A list of connected vertices specified in a CMOD 3D model file.

NAIF

 * NASA's Navigation and Ancillary Information Facility. A source for SPICE trajectory files.

Nebula

 * A glowing or invisible object defined in a DSC catalog file by specifying a Mesh and astronomical coordinates.

normal

 * 1) A vector perpendicular to the surface at a position. I.e. a surface normal vector. Used to indicate irregularities and provide dynamic shading on surfaces.
 * 2) conventional or standard surface texture; not an AltSurface.

object

 * A body which has its appearance and position defined in a catalog.

OpenCluster

 * A labeled, fixed position defined in a DSC catalog file. It is not necessarily associated with any particular glowing object.

path

 * 1) A line drawn on the screen to indicate the orbit or trajectory of an object.
 * 2) The hierarchical list of objects around which the object currently being defined is orbiting.

position

 * A place in a coordinate system. Not to be confused with a Location.

ReferencePoint

 * A (usually moving) invisible position in space defined in an SSC catalog file, around which other SSC objects can orbit. A ReferencePoint has only positional characteristics. It cannot be used to provide any orientation information.

SPICE

 * Spacecraft, Planet, Instrument, C-matrix and Events kernels; not to be confused with Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis. A type of NASA trajectory information file. Use of SPICE kernels was introduced in Celestia v1.5.0.

SpiceOrbit

 * A trajectory defined using NAIF SPICE kernels.

SSC

 * Solar System Catalog; used to define non-glowing objects which orbit around Stars, Barycenters and each other.

Star

 * A glowing object defined in an STC catalog file, around which STC and SSC objects can orbit.

STC

 * STar Catalog; used to define glowing Stars or invisible Barycenter objects around which other objects can orbit.

trajectory

 * The positions traversed by a moving object.

Universal Coordinate System

 * The default coordinate system used by Celestia is Ecliptic J2000:
 * The fundamental plane is the J2000 Earth ecliptic, and the preferred direction (x-axis) is the J2000 equinox.

title: Celestia/Glossary


text:
User:Rvencio

My name is Ricardo Zorzetto Nicoliello Vêncio. I'm from São Paulo, Brazil.

B.S. in Physics, M.S. in Statistics and PhD. in Bioinformatics by the University of São Paulo (USP), I have been working on the creation of mathematical methods for the solution of problems in Biology and Medicine. More specifically, I have been working on transcript enumeration and microarray data, using Bayesian ideas. It is possible to get copies of my papers at my webpage.

I hope to be able to contribute in my field of knowledge.

title: User:Rvencio


text:
Talk:First Aid/Heart Attack & Angina

Double Standard
Isn't it a double standard to say "Do not administer a patient medication" then come back and say "If trained, give 300mg of Aspirin." Regardless, first aiders will not be trained in giving medication, so why even add it?--Nugger 01:31, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * It should be "assist victim in taking 1 dose of Aspirin if they decide to do so" or something. Be bold!  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 02:15, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I believe that we should reword to favour administration. Aspirin is a life saving intervention for chest pain, and has very few contra indicators - standard training in the UK usually includes Aspirin.  Owain.davies 11:14, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Administering medication is a controlled medical act; if you want, put in a regional note.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 11:18, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:First Aid/Heart Attack & Angina


text:
Cookbook:Christmas Cake

| Dessert

Christmas cake is a fruitcake traditionally served around Christmas in the United Kingdom, especially after long walks, to be had with tea.

This is a traditional, somewhat extravagant recipe which is quite easy to make, but steeping the fruit should be done over a long time for best results. The resultant cakes should last in very good condition for several months if kept whole in air-tight tins.

Traditionally, the cake is made on the first Sunday of Advent and (once cooled) is 'fed' with alcohol (brandy or rum) every few days until just before Christmas, when it is iced.

Fruit

 * 600 g currants
 * 400 g sultanas
 * 400 g glacé cherries, quartered
 * 200 g raisins
 * 100 g chopped candied peel
 * 200 ml sherry
 * 100 ml brandy
 * 50 ml kirsch (or rum)

Cake

 * 4 standard (100 g) eggs
 * 300 g lightly-salted soft margarine (The "Stork" brand is traditional)
 * 300 g dark brown sugar
 * 100 g self-raising flour
 * 200 g plain flour
 * 100 g finely-chopped almonds
 * 2 teaspoons ground mixed spice
 * 2 tablespoons black treacle

Fruit

 * 1) Place all the fruit in a large bowl and pour the spirits over the mixture.
 * 2) Cover the bowl in foil and leave in a cool place.
 * 3) Mix and stir the fruit every day for at least three days; after a fortnight most of the alcohol will have soaked in and further soaking has no benefit.

Cake

 * 1) Beat together the sugar and margarine with the eggs.
 * 2) Add the almonds and black treacle, and mix further.
 * 3) Sieve the flours and the mixed spice into the mixture, beating until a smooth mixture results.
 * 4) Combine with the pre-prepared fruit (above) and place in a cake tin lined with baking parchment.
 * 5) Bake at a low temperature (140°C / 275°F / Gas mark 1) for at least 4 hours. It may take up to 5 hours, depending on the oven.
 * 6) Once a knife comes out clean, remove from the oven and allow to cool fully.
 * 7) Stored in an airtight box the cake should keep for at least four months.

bpy:Cookbook:%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%96%E0%A7%A5%E0%A6%B2:Christmas Cake ???? ????? ???? ????? ss:Cookbook:Christmas Cake ta:Cookbook:Christmas Cake

title: Cookbook:Christmas Cake


text:
User talk:JaccoG

If you are still around the website, the materials section of this wikibooks has an article you created on how to make a material that resembled tempered glass with the green edges and everything. Someone deleted the second picture because it "didn't have any license information". If you would be so kind as to re-upload the picture or post the settings used to achieve that effect it would be really great. Tybee 02:31, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:JaccoG


text:
Web 2.0 and Emerging Learning Technologies

This book on Web 2.0 resources is an aid to English language teachers in their use of learning technologies and web based materials. Web 2.0 technologies are highly useful tools to explore and use in everyday lessons. In this book, you will find an overview of relevant technologies applicable to ELT along with classroom activities and links to online resources.

Table of Contents
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%;"
 * style="vertical-align: top; width:50%;"|

Part I: Foundations

 * Introduction and Historical Background Information: What is the Web 2.0? What does emerging technologies mean?
 * Legal, Cultural, Social, and Political Issues in the Web 2.0
 * Nontraditional, Alternative, and Informal Learning with the Web 2.0
 * Global and International Education and Interaction
 * Overcoming the Digital Divide (e.g., One Laptop Per Child, The Global Text Project)
 * style="vertical-align: top;"|

Part II: Learners

 * The Next Generation of Learners
 * Learning Styles and Diverse Learners
 * /Web 2.0 Learning Styles/

 * style="vertical-align: top;"|
 * style="vertical-align: top;"|

Part III: Instructional Design and Pedagogical Issues

 * Innovative Pedagogies with Technologies
 * Emerging Web 2.0 Related Learning Theory: Student Generated Content, Peer-To-Peer Learning, Connectionism, etc.
 * Instructional Design Models and Emerging Learning Technologies
 * Assessing and Evaluating the Impact of Web 2.0 and Emerging Learning Technologies
 * Research on the Impact and Effectiveness of the Web 2.0 and Emerging Learning Technologies
 * Professional Development and Overcoming Instructor and Administrative Resistance
 * Resistance to using technology in the classroom

 * style="vertical-align: top;"|

Part IV: Environments and Tools

 * Cool Web 2.0 Tools: Virtual Worlds, Language Learning, Podcasting, Wikis, Blogs, Social Networking, Online Communities
 * /The Open Source and Open Education Movement/
 * Use of Geographic Information Systems, Visualization Tools, and Online Maps
 * Technologies for Different Sectors: Business, Higher Education, Schools, Military, and Government
 * The Role of Online Books and Libraries
 * Virtual Reality
 * Mobile Learning
 * Online Learning Communities
 * style="vertical-align: top;"|
 * style="vertical-align: top;"|

Part V: Fostering Successful Learning with Personalized Learning Environments (PLEs)

 * /Introduction of PLE/
 * /Definition & History of PLE/
 * /Facilitative Tools of PLE/
 * /Methods of Personalized Learning Environments (PLE)/
 * /Case Study of Personalized Learning Environments (PLE)/
 * /Social Network Analysis/
 * /Literature Reviews of PLE/
 * /Others/
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Part VI: The Future

 * Emerging Technology for Special Needs
 * Technology Tools Currently in Development and Beta
 * The Future: Tools, Technologies, and Trends in the Coming Decade
 * colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"|
 * colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top;"|

Part VII: Web 2.0 Tools & Resources

 * }


text:
Cookbook talk:European cuisines

Shouldn't this include Georgia and the rest of the Caucasus region? ExOttoyuhr 06:21, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:European cuisines


text:
User:Jmak~enwikibooks

I´m Swedish radiologist. I like orchids.
--Jmak 06:48, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Jmak~enwikibooks


text:
Past LSAT Explained/Reading Comprehension/Reading List

Kenneth A. Bruffee, "Science in a Postmodern World." 1992 by the Helen Dwight Reid Educational Foundation

Adam B. Ulam, The Communists: The Study of Power and Lost Illusions. 1992 by Adam B. Ulam.

Cheng Lok Chua, "Witnessing the Japanese Canadian Experience in World War II: Processual Structure, Symbolism, and Irony in Joy Kogawa's Obasan." 1992 by Temple University.

Joel Feinberg, The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law. 1988 by Oxford University Press.

Myna I. Lewis, "What's so Bad about Feeling Good? How Psychotherapy Can Help You Find Peace of Mind." 1993 by the American Association of Retired Persons.

William Bryant Logan, "What Is Prosperity?" 1995 by POINT.

James Shreeve, "Music of the Hemispheres." October 1996 by Discover.

Carol Kaesuk Yoon, "Pronghorn's Speed May Be Legacy of Past Predators." 1996 by The New York Times.

Barbara Ehrenreich, "The Economics of Cloning." 1993 by Time Inc.

Paul Reidinger, "The Long March to Brown" 1994 by ABA Journal

A.S. Cutler, "Lawyers Should Not Accept Unlawful Cases." 1983 by Greenhaven Press, Inc.

Carl Sagan, "Cosmos." 1980 by Carl Sagan Productions, Inc.

Robert J. Haggerty, "Mental Illness: First Prevent." 1994 by the Tuscaloosa News.

Rushworth Kidder, "The North-South Affluence Gap." 1988 by the Christian Science Publishing Society.

Donald N. McCloskey, "The Guillver Effect." 1995 Scientific American, Inc.

Larry Diamond, "The Globalization of Democracy." 1993 by Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc.

Otto E. Landman, "Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics." 1993 by Scientific American, Inc.

Theophus H. Smith, Conjuring America: Biblical Foundations of Black America. 1994 by Theophus H. Smith.

J. Madeleine Nash, "Fighting a Crippler." 1993 Time Inc.

Robert J. Samuelson, "A Nation of Experts." 1995 by Newsweek, Inc.

Anthony J. Sebock, "Judging the Fugitive Slave Acts." 1991 by The Yale Law Journal.

Marilyn Yalom, Blood Sisters: The French Revolution in Women's Memory. 1993 by BasicBooks.

Steven Keeva, "Defending the Revolution." 1994 Time by ABA Journal.

Henry Adams, "Rembrandt or not Rembrant?" 1995 by the Smithsonian Institution.

Jeremy Bernstein, "The Passions of Mme. Curie." 1995 by NYREV, Inc.

James P. Draper, ed., Black Literature Criticism. 1992 by Gale Research Inc.

Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, "The Psychology of Preferences." by Scientific American, Inc.

Charles Sevilla, "Unanimous Juries Are Essential." 1983 by Greenhaven Press, Inc.

Charles W. Collier, "Intellectual Authority and Institutional Authority." 1992 by the Association of American Law Schools.

Bruce Curtis, "Mapping the Social: Note s from Jacob Keefer's Educational Tours, 1845." 1993 by Bruce Curtis.

William M. Denevan, "The Pristine Myth: The Landscape of the Americas in 1492." 1992 by Association of American Geographers.

Hurbert L. Dreyfus, "What Computers Can't Do." 1994 by the Phi Beta Kappa Society.

John O'Toole, "The Story of Ethics: Narrative as a Means for Ethical Understanding and Action." 195 by the American Medical Association.

Edward Rothstein, Emblems of Mind. 1995 by Edward Rothstein.

Lesile Judd Ahlander, "Mexico's Muralists and the New York School." 1979 by The General Secretariat of the Organization of American States.

Barbara Kantrowitz, Andrew Cohen, and Melinda Liu, "My Info is NOT Your Info." 1994 by Newsweek, Inc.

Thomas S. Kuhn, Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity 1894-1912. 1978 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Marina Tatar, Off with Their Heads!: Fairy Tales and the Culture of Childhood. 1992 by Princeton University Press.

Valerie A. Hall, “The Development of the Landscape of Ireland over the Last Two Thousand Years; Fresh Evidence from Historical and Pollen Analytical Studies.” ©1997 by Chronicon, UCC.

Timothy Miller, How to Want What You Have. ©1995 by Timothy Miller.

Carol Muske, “Breaking Out of the Genre Ghetto.” ©1995 by Poetry in Review Foundation.

Ronald Dworkin, Taking Rights Seriously. Copyright 1977 by Pantheon Books.

James H. March, ed., The Canadian Encyclopedia. Copyright 1988 by Hurtig Publishers Ltd.

Christopher B. Ogden, "What Kinds of Help?" Copyright by Time Inc.

Edmund D. Pellegrino, MD, "Ethics: Rethinking the Hippocratic Oath." Copyright 1996 by the American Medical Association.

Normal Solomon, Hidden Agenda. Copyright 1995 by San Francisco Bay Guardian Co., Inc.

Carol Kaesuk Yoon, "Pariahs of the Fungal World, Lichens Finally Get Some Respect." Copyright June 13, 1995 by The New York Times.