text:
Haskell/Pattern matching

In the previous modules, we introduced and made occasional reference to pattern matching. Now that we have developed some familiarity with the language, it is time to take a proper, deeper look. We will kick-start the discussion with a condensed description, which we will expand upon throughout the chapter:

In pattern matching, we attempt to match values against patterns and, if so desired, bind variables to successful matches.

Analysing pattern matching
Pattern matching is virtually everywhere. For example, consider this definition of :

At surface level, there are four different patterns involved, two per equation.

 * is a pattern which matches anything at all, and binds the  variable to whatever is matched.
 * is a pattern that matches a non-empty list which is formed by something (which gets bound to the  variable) which was cons'd (by the   function) onto something else (which gets bound to  ).
 * is a pattern that matches the empty list. It doesn't bind any variables.
 * is the pattern which matches anything without binding (wildcard, "don't care" pattern).

In the  pattern,   and   can be seen as sub-patterns used to match the parts of the list. Just like, they match anything - though it is evident that if there is a successful match and   has type  ,   will have type. Finally, these considerations imply that  will also match an empty list, and so a one-element list matches.

From the above dissection, we can say pattern matching gives us a way to:

 * recognize values. For instance, when  is called and the second argument matches   the first equation for   is used instead of the second one.
 * bind variables to the recognized values. In this case, the variables,  , and   are assigned to the values passed as arguments to   when the second equation is used, and so we can use these values through the variables in the right-hand side of  . As   and   show, binding is not an essential part of pattern matching, but just a side effect of using variable names as patterns.
 * break down values into parts, as the  pattern does by binding two variables to parts (head and tail) of a matched argument (the non-empty list).

The connection with constructors
Despite the detailed analysis above, it may seem a little too magical how we break down a list as if we were undoing the effects of the  operator. Be careful: this process will not work with any arbitrary operator. For example, one might think of defining a function which uses  to chop off the first three elements of a list:

But that will not work. The function  is not allowed in patterns. In fact, most other functions that act on lists are similarly prohibited from pattern matching. Which functions, then, are allowed?

In one word, constructors – the functions used to build values of algebraic data types. Let us consider a random example:

Here  and   are constructors for the type. You can use them for pattern matching  values and bind variables to the   value contained in a   constructed with  :

This is exactly like  and   in the Type declarations module. For instance:

The  pattern in the left-hand side of the   definition matches a   (built with the   constructor) and binds the variables ,   and   to the contents of the   value.

Why does it work with lists?
As for lists, they are no different from -defined algebraic data types as far as pattern matching is concerned. It works as if lists were defined with this  declaration (note that the following isn't actually valid syntax: lists are actually too deeply ingrained into Haskell to be defined like this):

So the empty list,  and the   function are constructors of the list datatype, and so you can pattern match with them. takes no arguments, and therefore no variables can be bound when it is used for pattern matching. takes two arguments, the list head and tail, which may then have variables bound to them when the pattern is recognized.

Prelude> :t [] [] :: [a] Prelude> :t :: a -> [a] -> [a]

Furthermore, since  is just syntactic sugar for , we can achieve something like   using pattern matching alone:

The first pattern will match any list with at least three elements. The catch-all second definition provides a reasonable default when lists fail to match the main pattern, and thus prevents runtime crashes due to pattern match failure.

Tuple constructors
Analogous considerations are valid for tuples. Our access to their components via pattern matching...

... is granted by the existence of tuple constructors. For pairs, the constructor is the comma operator, ; for larger tuples there are  ;   and so on. These operators are slightly unusual in that we can't use them infix in the regular way; so  is not a valid way to write. All of them, however, can be used prefix, which is occasionally useful.

Prelude> 5 3 (5,3) Prelude> "George" "John" "Paul" "Ringo" ("George","John","Paul","Ringo")

Matching literal values
As discussed earlier in the book, a simple piece-wise function definition like this one

is performing pattern matching as well, matching the argument of  with the   literals 0, 1 and 2, and finally with. In general, numeric and character literals can be used in pattern matching on their own as well as together with constructor patterns. For instance, this function

will evaluate to False for the [0] list, to True if the list has 0 as first element and a non-empty tail and to False in all other cases. Also, lists with literal elements like [1,2,3], or even "abc" (which is equivalent to ['a','b','c']) can be used for pattern matching as well, since these forms are only syntactic sugar for the constructor.

The above considerations are only valid for literal values, so the following will not work:

As-patterns
Sometimes, when matching a sub-pattern within a value, it may be useful to bind a name to the whole value being matched. As-patterns allow exactly this: they are of the form   and have the additional effect to bind the name  to the whole value being matched by. For instance, here is a toy variation on the map theme:

passes to the parameter function  not only   but also the undivided list used as argument of each recursive call. Writing it without as-patterns would have been a bit clunky because we would have to either use  or needlessly reconstruct the original value of , i.e. actually evaluate   on the right side:

Introduction to records
For constructors with many elements, records provide a way of naming values in a datatype using the following syntax:

Using records allows doing matching and binding only for the variables relevant to the function we're writing, making code much clearer:

Also, the  pattern can be used for matching a constructor regardless of the datatype elements even if you don't use records in the   declaration:

The function  does not have to be changed if we modify the number or the type of elements of the constructors   or.

There are further advantages to using record syntax which we will cover in more details in the Named fields section of the More on datatypes chapter.

Where we can use pattern matching
The short answer is that wherever you can bind variables, you can pattern match. Let us have a glance at such places we have seen before; a few more will be introduced in the following chapters.

Equations
The most obvious use case is the left-hand side of function definition equations, which were the subject of our examples so far.

In the  definition we're doing pattern matching on the left hand side of both equations, and also binding variables on the second one.

expressions and clauses
Both  and   are ways of doing local variable bindings. As such, you can also use pattern matching in them. A simple example:

Or, equivalently,

Here,  will be bound to the first element of. , therefore, will evaluate to $$2 + 5 = 7$$.

Lambda abstractions
Pattern matching can be used directly in lambda abstractions:

It is clear, however, that this syntax permits only one pattern (or one for each argument in the case of a multi-argument lambda abstraction).

List comprehensions
After the  in list comprehensions you can pattern match. This is actually extremely useful, and adds a lot to the expressiveness of comprehensions. Let's see how that works with a slightly more sophisticated example. Prelude provides a  type which has the following constructors:

It is typically used to hold values resulting from an operation which may or may not succeed; if the operation succeeds, the  constructor is used and the value is passed to it; otherwise   is used. The utility function  (which is available from Data.Maybe library module) takes a list of Maybes (which may contain both "Just" and "Nothing" Maybes), and retrieves the contained values by filtering out the   values and getting rid of the   wrappers of the. Writing it with list comprehensions is very straightforward:

Another nice thing about using a list comprehension for this task is that if the pattern match fails (that is, it meets a Nothing) it just moves on to the next element in, thus avoiding the need of explicitly handling constructors we are not interested in with alternate function definitions.

blocks
Within a  block like the ones we used in the Simple input and output chapter, we can pattern match with the left-hand side of the left arrow variable bindings:

Furthermore, the  bindings in   blocks are, as far as pattern matching is concerned, just the same as the "real" let expressions.

title: Haskell/Pattern matching


text: User:Quiddity

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Quiddity


text:
Practical Electronics/Astables/555

The 555 timer IC provides a very versatile, effective, and easy-to-use astable mode. By changing component values, one can get frequencies from a maximum of about 300KHz to as low as limited by the leakage of the capacitors used in the circuit. It can also have the mark-space ratio altered almost limitlessly.

Basic Circuit
The basic 555 astable circuit is set up like this.

 * At higher frequencies and loads, it is advisable to put a 100nF capacitor between Pin 5 and 0V.

The frequency and mark-space ratio are defined by the values of R1, R2 and C1 only. For a roughly even (1:1) mark-spce ratio, R1 is usually set at 1K, and the other resistor (R2) and capacitor are changed to alter the frequency. If better control over the mark-space ratio is required, use the next circuit.

Design equations

 * $$f=\frac{1.44}{\left( R_1 + 2R_2 \right)\times C}$$.

 * $$\mbox{High time}=0.69 \times \left( R_1 + R_2 \right) \times C$$
 * $$\mbox{Low time}=0.69 \times R_2 \times C$$

 * $$\mbox{Mark-space ratio}=\frac{R_1+R_2}{R_2}$$

Variable duty cycle
This variation allow much easier control of the duty cycle without too much impact on the frequency. The only difference is a diode between Pins 6 and 7, with the cathode at Pin 6. The effect of this is to shunt resistor R2 when charging C1. This means that C1 charges though R1 only. This removes R2 from the "high-time" equation, and make calculating the duty cycle easier and prevents the frequency from being altered excessively by changes in the duty cycle ( although this still happens to a certain extent).

Design equations

 * $$f=\frac{1.44}{\left( R_1 + R_2 \right)\times C}$$.

 * This is different to the design equation for the standard 555 Astable. (R2 instead of 2R2)

 * $$\mbox{High time}=0.69 \times R_1 \times C$$
 * $$\mbox{Low time}=0.69 \times R_2 \times C$$

 * $$\mbox{mark-space ratio}=\frac{R_1}{R_2}$$

Mini-astable
This astable uses fewer components than the basic astable, and requires only the IC, one resistor and one capacitor, plus the Pin 5 capacitor for final versions.

This astable has a MSR of approximately 1:1, but this tends to increase under heavy current load, as the output does not swing fully to the power supply. This astable is not a reliable source of frequency, and should never be used where an accurate, stable clock is needed.

Design equations

 * $$f=\frac{0.72}{R_1\times C}$$.

 * $$\mbox{High time}=\mbox{Low time}=0.69 \times R_1 \times C$$

Pin 4 Enable
Pin 4 is normally held high, and in this state it does nothing. However, when Pin 4 is brought low, the 555 is disabled, and the output is held low. This can be used to turn an astable on when desired. An example of this is the double-astable bleeper, which uses the output from one astable to enable another, faster astable.

Pin 8 should not be used as the enable pin, as this will draw all the current needed to run the device from the triggering circuit.

Other astable circuits

 * Frequency Modulation
 * Diminishing Frequency

Units of Design Equations
The units that the components values and frequency are measure in are the standard base units: ohms, farads and hertz. This are often inconvenient, as the value for componets are usually several orders of magnitude away from the base unit. It is possible to use more convenient units to calculate the frequency, and the common combinations are given below:

title: Practical Electronics/Astables/555


text:
Practical Electronics/Astables

The 555 timer IC provides a very versatile, effective, and easy-to-use astable mode. By changing component values, one can get frequencies from a maximum of about 300KHz to as low as limited by the leakage of the capacitors used in the circuit. It can also have the mark-space ratio altered almost limitlessly.

Basic Circuit
The basic 555 astable circuit is set up like this.

 * At higher frequencies and loads, it is advisable to put a 100nF capacitor between Pin 5 and 0V.

The frequency and mark-space ratio are defined by the values of R1, R2 and C1 only. For a roughly even (1:1) mark-spce ratio, R1 is usually set at 1K, and the other resistor (R2) and capacitor are changed to alter the frequency. If better control over the mark-space ratio is required, use the next circuit.

Design equations

 * $$f=\frac{1.44}{\left( R_1 + 2R_2 \right)\times C}$$.

 * $$\mbox{High time}=0.69 \times \left( R_1 + R_2 \right) \times C$$
 * $$\mbox{Low time}=0.69 \times R_2 \times C$$

 * $$\mbox{Mark-space ratio}=\frac{R_1+R_2}{R_2}$$

There is an online calculator here that will give the frequency, high time and low time for a given set of components.

Variable mark-space ratio
This variation allows much easier control of the mark-space ratio without too much impact on the frequency. The only difference is a diode between Pins 6 and 7, with the cathode at Pin 6. The effect of this is to shunt resistor R2 when charging C1. This means that C1 charges though R1 only. This removes R2 from the "high-time" equation, and make calculating the mark-space ratio easier and prevents the frequency from being altered excessively by changes in the mark-space ratio ( although this still happens to a certain extent).

Design equations

 * $$f=\frac{1.44}{\left( R_1 + R_2 \right)\times C}$$.

 * This is different to the design equation for the standard 555 Astable. (R2 instead of 2R2)

 * $$\mbox{High time}=0.69 \times R_1 \times C$$
 * $$\mbox{Low time}=0.69 \times R_2 \times C$$

 * $$\mbox{Mark-space ratio}=\frac{R_1}{R_2}$$

Mini-astable
This astable uses fewer components than the basic astable, and requires only the IC, one resistor and one capacitor, plus the Pin 5 capacitor for final versions.

This astable has a MSR of approximately 1:1, but this tends to increase under heavy current load, as the output does not swing fully to the power supply. This astable is not a reliable source of frequency, and should never be used where an accurate, stable clock is needed.

Design equations

 * $$f=\frac{0.72}{R_1\times C}$$.

 * $$\mbox{High time}=\mbox{Low time}=0.69 \times R_1 \times C$$

Pin 4 Enable
Pin 4 is normally held high, and in this state it does nothing. However, when Pin 4 is brought low, the 555 is disabled, and the output is held low. This can be used to turn an astable on when desired. An example of this is the double-astable bleeper, which uses the output from one astable to enable another, faster astable.

Pin 8 should not be used as the enable pin, as this will draw all the current needed to run the device from the triggering circuit.

Other astable circuits

 * Frequency Modulation
 * Diminishing Frequency

Units of Design Equations
The units that the components values and frequency are measure in are the standard base units: ohms, farads and hertz. This are often inconvenient, as the value for componets are usually several orders of magnitude away from the base unit. It is possible to use more convenient units to calculate the frequency, and the common combinations are given below:

title: Practical Electronics/Astables


text: Category:Book:Haskell

title: Category:Book:Haskell


text:
User talk:Changegearsnow

Talk:Wikiversity:School of Aviation
I will move the links found on this page to a page entitled School of Aviation/External resources in order to keep the talk page strictly for school discussion. If you are 70.22.244.82, then I have given you some hints you may find useful on User talk:70.22.244.82 Good luck on your project, hagindaz 22:38, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Welcome
Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * Check out our help page if you need additional help.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Take a look at Naming policy
 * See list of templates which can save your time
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page.

Good luck! --hagindaz 22:38, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Changegearsnow


text:
User:Kalathalan

blanking own user page

title: User:Kalathalan


text:
User talk:Mirtone

Concerning your new categories
I am nominating your new, mostly-empty categories for deletion ("Category:Categories") and below, because they are redundant with categories that we already have (Category:Main page). --Kernigh 23:04, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

Welcome
Worth bearing in mind that on Template messages/User talk namespace it does actually state use to welcome new users with some edits (my emphasis). Regards -- Herby talk thyme 12:21, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Do you mean at least one edit? Mirtone @ 13:24, 3 December 2006 (UTC)

Why the welcome?
I don't understand why you welcomed me (nathanrdotcom) in December when I haven't been using Wikibooks since mid-06. I blanked my user/talk pages after the Wikipedia controversy. I don't intend on using Wikibooks because the controversy could "bleed over" into other Wiki sites. - Nathan (74.104.100.26 19:53, 17 February 2007 (UTC))

title: User talk:Mirtone


text:
User talk:Carle49

INDEPENDENT TELEVISION in the UK 1955-2005
I went ahead and deleted the module, because the deletion had not been contested since 31 May 2006.

I should mention that Wikibooks is a reference-textbooks development site, and things like reviews of TV shows (which show is good or bad) break our neutral point of view policy.

You are still welcome to participate in Wikibooks. I suggest that you find an existing textbook to work on, instead of starting a new one: there are many books here that might need your help! Maybe the Language and literature bookshelf might give you some ideas. --Kernigh 23:28, 20 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Carle49


text:
Talk:The Unicyclopedia

I think unicycling could become an Olympic competition soon, both as racing and rink categories.

Who has ever seen an ice-unicycling performance? I haven't, but I suppose it could be quite creative.

Should there be a disambig link at the top to Uncyclopedia? Boffy b 07:00, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:The Unicyclopedia


text:
User:Gracenotes/sig

Grace notes  T §

title: User:Gracenotes/sig


text:
User:Gracenotes

Hello. I'm Gracenotes; I have a fair amount of experience on Wikipedia (where I operate under the same name). I'm in summer vacation between 10th and 11th grade. I'm interested in working on calculus and conic sections. That's about it.

title: User:Gracenotes


text:
Talk:General Genetics/Dominant and Recessive Genes

Reading this as a Biology major I am wondering why a picture of a punnett's square isn't present. Another problem is that the letters T and t might be better choices than S and s. I might just decide to change it but wanted some feedback.

Agreed, I was wondering the same thing. Also there seems to be some confusion - the upper and lower case letters are chosen before the explanation of one being dominant - it's almost as if it's just luck that S is chosen for tall and tall is also dominant. Needs clarifying I think. I may change it myself.


text:
Wikibooks talk:How-to textbook guidelines

Textbooks that never say how to do anything
I have never quite understood the movement on this wiki to delete all how-tos or move them to another wiki. Does it mean that how-tos and textbooks are always distinct, and no textbook can describe how to do anything? I started thinking about calculus books that do not say how to differentiate, programming-languages books that do not say how to program loops, introductory chemistry books that do not explain how to cancel units in calculations, and exam preparation books that do not suggest how to pass the exam. So I thought that my guess was unlikely to be the correct interpretation.

Now I understand that not everyone here dislikes how-to books. Some only want to target the worst books (how to cheat, misbehave, act criminally, be unproductive...). However, some want users seem to be against all how-to books, and this proposed policy was apparently intended to mitigate their concerns.

Perhaps what I should ask first: what distinguishes a how-to textbook from other textbooks? --Kernigh 02:17, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Due to the simply overwhelming activity on this policy guideline and huge number of comments on this talk page, as well as comments about it on the Staff Lounge, I can tell there is a huge movement to really address the concerns of how-to books in general :)

 * I agree that the "How to become a klan member" and "How to rape" are things that we perhaps want to avoid here on Wikibooks, but that doesn't seem to be the case with those that want to delete this kind of content. I would also agree here that there really isn't that huge of a distinction about how-to books and textbooks, and you can find commonly accepted defintions of a textbook that would cover how-to books as well.  Furthermore, I'm still not convinced that Wikibooks should be about only textbooks.  This goes back to the "Wikibooks is about any non-fiction book you can find in a bookstore".  I have yet to see a clear type of book that can be found in the non-fiction section of a bookstore that would not be on Wikibooks, other than for copyright reasons alone.  I would challenge that game walk-throughs in the incarnation that were the worst offenders would not have been in the non-fiction section of a bookstore either.   --Rob Horning 14:23, 22 June 2006 (UTC)
 * Yeah this page is really bumpin'. -- LV (Dark Mark) 20:40, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Worksheet
Is anyone watching here? I've been working on a rewrite, if anyone would like to comment (here). -- SB_Johnny | talk 11:58, 9 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Frankly, I don't see any real effort or even concern that How-to book have been doing lately, and I created this page mainly as a political statement to prove that it wasn't really a problem. I asssert that there are a couple of individuals who are trying to force a content move of how-to books to Wikia and other non-Wikimedia websites under the guise of it being a requirement by Jimbo.  He (Jimbo) has not required this to happen, nor are How-to guides really a violation of the Wikibooks charter or even against any enumerated policies on this project.
 * This is more a move on the part of textbook purists, who I have openly defied and fought claiming that Wikibooks is more than just textbooks. While textbooks certainly are an important part of the Wikibooks mission, How-to books clearly can and should be a part of this project as well unless they become so numerous and productive that they deserve to be on their own independent project.  And that is indeed a major policy change, and not something to be done on the whim of a few admins gone wild.  --Rob Horning 14:58, 9 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Out of curiosity, which individuals are you referring to? I can't think of anyone who's done what you have described. The Wikibooks community is only about 10 people, so it would help to know who you are referring to. Thanks, hagindaz 16:01, 9 August 2006 (UTC)
 * My concern is mainly the group that is strongly pushing the Wikia How-to project. It started out originally as a project suggestion on Meta and grew into an alternative Wikicity (now Wikia) project.  I have long asserted that the participants there were delibertately trying to move all of the How-to content from Wikibooks to their project, indeed in a fashion very similar to how the Strategy Wiki has captured Wikibooks content.  Mind you, I'm not opposed to moving content to alternative sites when it is being deleted here with a rational discussion, but I object to people trying to take Wikibooks content as a seed to a new project, leaving behind big links as advertising to that project behind.  I also suspect, particularly with the How-to project, of there being project participants there that are trying to specifically make policies on Wikibooks to promote their project, and delete the content here on Wikibooks specifically to make their project look like a Wikibooks sister project.
 * I will say, however, that the distinction between Wikia and the Wikimedia Foundation is blurred and often many participants don't understand that this is two very different and distinct organizations. --Rob Horning 17:19, 11 August 2006 (UTC)
 * Huh, hadn't thought of that, though conspiracies do happen. There is also a com-wiki called wikihow, which I have seen linking on wikipedia where links to how-to class wikibooks are found. For details, see discussion on Wikipedia (spam project) . I'll start watching (on WP) for this sort of thing with wikia as well if you think this is really what's going on. SB_Johnny  | talk 18:22, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I completely agree with you, Robert. Howto books are perfectly fine under existing policy and are acceptable by Jimbo, as you have stated. But I can't recall anyone advocating what you have described here on Wikibooks. Has it only occured on the Wikia? Could you please link to a discussion on this (here or on the Wikia)?
 * Secondly, you have already stated this but I think it bears repeating to make sure we're on the same page. There are a few pages here that do not comply with our existing community agreed-upon policies. If possible, that content should be adapted in order to be acceptable. Sometimes these pages cannot be changed to become acceptable. If something falls into this category, it must be deleted from Wikibooks if we are to enforce policies that have the word "enforced" in bold type at the top and have been accepted by the community. (Again, nearly everything including howto books does not fall into this category.) The existance of any other projects is irrelevant. In order for the content itself to still be usable, we should add it to an alternate location where it is acceptable. Some pages (How To Build A Pykrete Bong for example) had some good material but were simply deleted without any attempts to find a suitable alternate location for the content. Why just delete valuable content? --hagindaz 19:45, 11 August 2006 (UTC)


text: Template:Deleted

title: Template:Deleted


text:
User talk:69.162.76.202

WP:BLOCK
I have deleted WP:BLOCK because it does not appear to be a textbook. If you do wish to write a textbook on the subject, then please recreate the page after reading WB:NEW. Thanks, hagindaz 03:31, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:69.162.76.202


text:
User talk:Gatsu~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. --Je suis 03:38, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Gatsu. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Gatsu~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:13, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:59, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gatsu~enwikibooks


text:
Talk:Linoleum

I noticed the article repeatedly refers to the upcoming 1.14 release; this is somewhat inaccurate as the next release seems (according to http://0x44.com/postline/posts.php?t=412&p=55 ) to be 1.21 - see "About the future." Maybe this could be changed? 8.8.201.199 04:04, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

Is this really an assembly language, considering that it is portable and interpreted? "assembly" implies that the language is "assembled" directly into machine code, rather than being interpreted by a compiler.

It seems LINO eventually died.
MvGulik (discuss • contribs) 07:58, 9 March 2023 (UTC)
 * All links on subject page (except one) are dead. (original site anynowhere.com was taken down somewhere around the end of 2022)
 * Nothing LINO related to be found on creators new web-site/blog-hosting.
 * (+Noctis V project also seems permanently abandoned.)
 * (Although not checked in detail. The web.archive has snapshots of the old anynowhere.com site.)

title: Talk:Linoleum


text:
User talk:Dobsonjon

Hi. My Name is Jonathan. I am 24 yr old man from Lansing, MI. I like to use Wikiproducts all the time. This has got to be the next best thing to Google!

title: User talk:Dobsonjon


text:
User talk:Kalathalan

 Please leave messages at my English Wikipedia talk page.

title: User talk:Kalathalan


text:
User:Kellen/monobook.js/examples

Here are some minimal usage examples for the javascript in my monobook:

Adding a tool item
toolitem = makeNewToolsItem('pt-cookbook');	// creates a LI in the personal tools portlet with the id 'pt-cookbook' toolitem.appendChild(makeLink('Cookbook', '/wiki/Cookbook'));		// creates a link to '/wiki/Cookbook' with the text 'Cookbook' and appends the link to the LI

Adding a sidebar portlet
// makes a new portlet after "toolbox" with the id 'p-cookbook' and a label with text 'Cookbook' var cooktools = makeNewPortlet('p-cookbook', document.createTextNode('Cookbook')); // adds a link to the portlet to '/wiki/Cookbook' with the label 'Main page' // repeat as necessary addPortletItem(cooktools, makeLink('Main page', '/wiki/Cookbook'));

title: User:Kellen/monobook.js/examples


text:
Suomen kieli ulkomaalaisille/Eksistentiaalilause

What is an Existential Clause?
An existential clause is one using the verb to declare the existence or place (or movement to or from a place) of some SUBJECT not previously spoken about. So it would be impossible to use a pronoun in an existential clause because pronouns require that we know what the noun is.

Format of an Existential Clause
Existential clauses always begin with the declaration of place, followed by the verb (usually OLLA but not necessarily).

So typically the format is
 * ADVERB VERB SUBJECT
 * MISSÄ ON MIKÄ (or MITÄ)
 * At some place IS something

Note: There is never an object in an existential statement.

Learning examples
Pihalla on kaksi polkupyörää
 * Literally On the yard there is two bikes
 * Standard English There are a couple of bikes in the yard

Equally the existential sentence can be negative in meaning, in which case the verb is negative

Asunnossamme ei ole saunaa
 * Literally In our apartment not is sauna
 * Standard English There is no sauna in our apartment

And the verb does not have to be OLLA

Kouluun tulee pari vierailijaa
 * Literally To the school comes two visitors
 * Standard English There are two visitors coming the school

Some Important Things to Note
Despite the similarity to English, there are several strong difference here.

1. '''The strong preference in English for SUBJECT to come before the VERB means that English puts the adverbial aspect at the end, whereas Finnish ALWAYS puts the adverbial place first when the sentence is introducing a new subject in an existential clause. So although Finnish is often more relaxed than English about word order, the existential clause word order is always ADVERB-VERB-SUBJECT.

2. '''English moves the verb according to the subject (IS or THERE ARE according to number). Finnish existential sentences the verb is ALWAYS IN THE THIRD PERSON SINGULAR even when there is more than one SUBJECT.'''

 * Hence the use of the verbs form ON and TULEE not OVAT and TULEVAT in the examples above.


text:
Radiation Oncology/IGRT

 * IGRT is a step forward of IMRT in which various biological and anatomical imaging techniques are integrated into the radiation therapy process. The overall goal of IGRT is to target tumors more accurately while better sparing the normal tissues. The definition of target volume is undergoing a change on account of advancements in imaging modalities.

 * PMID 15606303
 * Magnetic Resonance-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) ( 31167658): MRL systems overcome the limitations of conventional image-guided radiotherapy, especially in soft tissue, where target and organs at risk need accurate definition

title: Radiation Oncology/IGRT


text:
Van Dwelling/Meet the Van Dwellers

Sustain Design Studio -- Andy Thomson's Urban RV site, featuring the miniHome (an off-grid travel trailer based on his experience gleaned from vehicle dwelling for 6 years.

Carliving.info -- Romana S's Australian web page about living in cars, vans and campervans. Contains information much like this Wikibooks web site.

Vanabode - 700,000 mile veteran travel author shares advice

Vandogtraveller - living and travelling in a self built van – advice and van conversion info

title: Van Dwelling/Meet the Van Dwellers


text:
Van Dwelling/Contributors

 * Andy R. Thomson -- former, and soon to be once more - vehicle dweller - with wife + 2 children, Vancouver, Canada
 * Mbrickn - Small improvements to text.

title: Van Dwelling/Contributors


text:
Talk:Geometry/Congruent Triangles

Tips for Proofs
I really think that the tips should be referred to by the names of their corresponding postulates/definitions. For example, instead of saying "when parallel lines are cut by a transversal corresponding angles are congruent," I think it should read "Corresponding Angles Postulate," with a link to wherever that postulate is explained.DroEsperanto 12:10, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geometry/Congruent Triangles


text:
Talk:Finnish/coverpage

Pictures from Space
I'm not too keen on those rather dull pictures taken from space. Should we remove them? Hauskalainen 12:11, 21 June 2006 (UTC)
 * I agree --Girdi (talk) 14:27, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

Organisation
I really have a headache reading this book, and I have a good tolerance for disorganisation and weird colour choices. Perhaps choose a more basic and easier read colour like, I don't know, maybe black?. Green just is annoying. And why can't you design a cover to cover instruction book, then include grammar references? Is it really necessary to have 3 different books and projects of Finnish giving the same thing? This book needs massive reorganisation I think. Maybe you can use some of my books as examples (Chechen, Manx, or Icelandic)? Or even the Latin, French, or Spanish books here. It is a shame because Finnish is a great language to learn and growing popularity. I'd adjust it accordingly myself but I don't speak enough Finnish yet nor do I have the time to take on another project. --Girdi (talk) 14:27, 28 March 2008 (UTC)

OK. Now it's all black (which truelly is easier to read). I hope I didn't step on anyones toes by deleting that green colour. --Mikaell (talk) 18:12, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Finnish/coverpage


text:
Wikijunior:Languages/Yoruba

What writing system(s) does this language use?
Yoruba was originally written in the Arabic script, but after European missionaries arrived they introduced the Latin alphabet, which mostly overtook the Arabic script. The Yoruba alphabet has 25 letters:

A B D E Ẹ F G Gb H I J K L M N O Ọ P R S Ṣ T U W Y

a b d e ẹ f g gb h i j k l m n o ọ p r s ṣ t u w y

The Latin letters C, Q, V, X and Z are not used in standard Yoruba.

How many people speak this language?
As of 2021 around fifty million people speak Yoruba as their native language. An additional two million speak it as a separate language.

Where is this language spoken?
Yoruba is a language spoken by one of the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. An estimated 20 million speak it in that country as well as a few more millions in a diaspora that spans no fewer than 10 countries, including Benin, Sierra Leon, Togo, Cuba, Brazil and the United States

What is the history of this language?
Yoruba belongs to a family of African languages known as the Niger-Congo languages, which diverged from a common ancestor around 11,000 years ago. Contact with the Islamic world led to many loanwords being taken from Arabic, whilst the modern alphabet was adopted beginning in the 17th century.

Who are some famous authors or poets in this language?
Ross Hellman (1768-1843) was a Yoruban slave. He wrote the first newspaper in Yoruba for the other slaves and wrote the first book too. Another famous Yoruban is Jacob Seman a playwright and actor.

What are some basic words in this language that I can learn?

 * hello: Ba wo ni
 * good-bye: O da bo
 * please: E jo
 * thank you: O se/E se
 * that one: Iyen
 * how much?: E lo?
 * English: Oyinbo
 * yes: Be ni
 * no: Be ko

title: Wikijunior:Languages/Yoruba


text:
Cookbook:Vegan Paprika Bratwurst

| Vegan cuisine

A vegan paprika bratwurst is similar to a Seitan Bratwurst.

Ingredients

 * Gluten flour (see the seitan recipe for how to extract gluten from wheat flour)
 * Water
 * Soy sauce
 * Vegetable oil
 * Onion
 * Bell pepper
 * Paprika
 * Chile pepper
 * Additional spices (e.g. coriander, cardamom, thyme and oregano)
 * Tofu (optional)

Procedure

 * 1) Cut onions and bell peppers in small chunks. If desired, fry the onions and peppers lightly.
 * 2) Mix bell peppers, paprika powder, and chilies or chili powder into the dry gluten powder. It is much easier to mix solid and liquid ingredients separately than adding ingredients to the gluten dough later, as it is very rubbery and sticky.
 * 3) To fry the sausages, an oiled non-stick pan is recommended. To fry the sausages on a grill, they must be cooked first in order to make the gluten dough less rubbery.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * If you use tofu, onions and bell peppers generously the consistency of the sausages may not be sticky enough for the sausages to hold together. Maybe you could process/blend these items to a puree with the liquid you are using to hydrate the gluten and that would solve the problem.

title: Cookbook:Vegan Paprika Bratwurst


text:
Category:Seitan recipes

Recipes that use Gluten or Seitan as an ingredient.

title: Category:Seitan recipes


text:
User:Thebainer

See w:en:User:Thebainer.

title: User:Thebainer


text:
Cookbook:Breading

A breading is a coating for a piece of meat, poultry, fish, seitan, tofu, or textured soy, etc., made from breadcrumbs or a breading mixture. Breading is ideal for frying because it creates a crispy coating around the food. Breading mixtures can be made from wheat flour, salt, and yeast. In some countries, breaded foods are referred to as "crumbed". Breading can also refer to croutons.

 * This module incorporates text from the Wikipedia module Breading under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. Please see that module for the authors of the text prior to its adaptations in Wikibooks.

title: Cookbook:Breading


text:
User:The Thadman

Hello everyone! My name is Steve Caruso and I am a Master of Library & Information Science student at Rutgers University, where I am also the IT Manager of the Cook Campus Center, Webmaster of Livingston College's Recreation Center and Residence Life, and the author and webmaster of AramaicNT.org. I hold a B.A. in Information Technology and Informatics which I completed with a double-major in Religion.

For the latest, up-to-date information about me, please see my English Wikipedia User Page.

title: User:The Thadman


text: Diagnostic Radiology/Pediatric Radiology Etiology


text:
Cryptography/Generate a keypair using OpenSSL

Download and install the OpenSSL runtimes. If you are running Windows, grab the Cygwin package.

OpenSSL can generate several kinds of public/private keypairs. RSA is the most common kind of keypair generation.

Other popular ways of generating RSA public key / private key pairs include PuTTYgen and ssh-keygen.

Generate an RSA keypair with a 2048 bit private key
Execute command: "openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out private_key.pem -pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:2048" (previously “openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem 2048”)

e.g. $ openssl genpkey -algorithm RSA -out private_key.pem -pkeyopt rsa_keygen_bits:2048 ....................................................................+++ ....................................................+++

Make sure to prevent other users from reading your key by executing  afterward.

Extracting the public key from an RSA keypair
Execute command: " "

e.g. $ openssl rsa -pubout -in private_key.pem -out public_key.pem writing RSA key

A new file is created, public_key.pem, with the public key.

It is relatively easy to do some cryptographic calculations to calculate the public key from the prime1 and prime2 values in the private key file. However, OpenSSL has already pre-calculated the public key and stored it in the private key file. So this command doesn't actually do any cryptographic calculation -- it merely copies the public key bytes out of the file and writes the Base64 PEM encoded version of those bytes into the output public key file.

Viewing the key elements
Execute command: " "

All parts of private_key.pem are printed to the screen. This includes the modulus (also referred to as public key and n), public exponent (also referred to as e and exponent; default value is 0x010001), private exponent, and primes used to create keys (prime1, also called p, and prime2, also called q), a few other variables used to perform RSA operations faster, and the Base64 PEM encoded version of all that data. (The Base64 PEM encoded version of all that data is identical to the private_key.pem file).

Password-less login
Often a person will set up an automated backup process that periodically backs up all the content on one "working" computer onto some other "backup" computer.

Because that person wants this process to run every night, even if no human is anywhere near either one of these computers, using a "password-protected" private key won't work -- that person wants the backup to proceed right away, not wait until some human walks by and types in the password to unlock the private key. Many of these people generate "a private key with no password". Some of these people, instead, generate a private key with a password, and then somehow type in that password to "unlock" the private key every time the server reboots so that automated tools can make use of the password-protected keys.


text:
Talk:Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Creating Basic Water animation

Hi Jogai,

I'm happy about your interest in my tutorial. You write that the license expressly protects authors "from being considered responsible for modifications made by others" while ensuring that authors get credit for their work. As long as that is provided I'd be glad to be part of Wikibooks with my tutorial. So, you have my permission.

Greetings Roy

Wouter Dingemanse schrieb: > /Roy Schulz /, > > I really liked your tutorial (Blender  Tutorial: Water)! I found it very informative and useful. I would love to use it in a project I'm involved with called Wikibooks, so I'm seeking your permission. > > Wikibooks http://wikibooks.org is a collection of free non-fiction books (only textbooks so far) that is collaboratively-edited by volunteers from around the world. You might have heard of our sister project, Wikipedia ( http://wikipedia.org ), which is a very large online encyclopedia that, in less than four years time, amassed over 400,000 articles - just in the English language version. However, the Wikibooks project is just starting to write our first textbooks and we hope to duplicate Wikipedia's success in about the same amount of time. > > I'd like to include your materials in this Wikibook http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Blender_3D:_Noob_to_Pro. To get a sense of the freedom of Wikibooks, you could even edit this without registration right now. > > However, we can only use your materials if you are willing to grant permission for us to use your above referenced work under terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. This means anybody will have the right to share your materials and update them: for example, to keep up with new information. You can read this license in full at: > http://wikibooks.org/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License > (note: To keep things simple, we don't use Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts) > > The license also expressly protects authors "from being considered responsible for modifications made by others" while ensuring that authors get credit for their work. There is more information on our copyright policy at: > http://wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights > > If you agree, we will credit you for your work in the resulting Wikibook's author's page. We would also state that your work is being used with your express permission and we will provide a web link back to: > http://www.pekaro.de/ > > Thank you for your time. > > Kindly, > > Wouter Dingemanse aka 'Jogai' >

This Page needs to be reconstructed
I don't know how to do this but someone should flag this page for cleanup; it is sub-standard and confusing.

What's an IPO?
I found this tutorial incredibly useful...up until a single point. What's an IPO? The use of the term makes it impossible for me to continue the tutorial after the point that it is mentioned, as I have no idea what it is that I am meant to do. Otherwise, it's great. Thanks so far! 64.4.109.139 12:24, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

Confused
Hi! I'm a bit confused with this tutorial. I did the entire tutorial and it didn't work. Under "The Fluid" do I need to put the fluid IN the domain or does it go somewhere else? Is an IPO a animation? Under "Baking Fluids" it says to go to F10 which is scene/render buttons and to change the total number of frames. I couldn't find where you do that. It would be easer to understand if it had a few screen shots.

--Domtron (talk) 02:04, 23 December 2007 (UTC)

@Domtron: The domain is the area in which fluid simulation is allowed to occur, so yes, the fluid object goes inside the domain. To change the total number of frames go to the "Anim" tab in the Scene >> Render Buttons panel, then change the "End" value to the desired number. The total number of frames is equal to the difference between the "Sta" (STArt) and "End" values. My impression of IPO is that it's the data connected to an object that governs the way it is animated.

--Mindbulletmatrix (talk) 18:22, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

Help
I did everything by the book, but no splashy effect. What's next?

Hiding the 'Fluid' Object
One issue with following the steps above is that you end up with the 'fluid' object (representing the water you are dropping the obstacle cube into) superimposed on the animated domain when baking/rendering. As Transcendant pointed out on #Blender@irc.freenode.net you need to hide the 'fluid' object in the Outliner window type: switch from 3D to Outliner in one of your open areas. Enjoy!


text:
Talk:Visual Language Interpreting/Tools of the Trade

1. I suggest that some or all of this very comprehensive and interesting description of the processes of consecutive also appear on the wikipedia page for interpreting which currently contains a fairly poor definition.

2. Seleskovitch is rightly considered the parent of the profession and the academic study of interpreting, however, "dropping form" and "deverbalisation" have now been largely discredited. (Sorry that I am not able to give specific references, I am no academic, but I think much of what Daniel Gile has written, for example, demonstrates that the theory doesn't hold water. )

andy


text:
Horticulture/Elements of a Garden Location

Soil
Good soil is essential; most soil problems can be amended with good homemade compost. A garden will need at least one foot of good soil to grow in, more if you're planning to grow deep-rooted plants such as potatoes, tomatoes, rye, radishes, etc.

Wind Circulation
A nice brisk wind will strengthen your plants, keep diseases scarce, and bring numerous beneficial insects. Too much wind will flatten your garden though, so try for a good balance and plant windbreaking trees if necessary.

Sunlight
Sunlight duration throughout the year in a garden will determine success or failure. Most (90%) of vegetable plants need at least 8 hours of full sunlight a day, though less can be workable with excellent soil and watering. Watch the sun's path through the course of a day, throughout the year, so your plants can be placed to not overshadow a sun-needy neighbor.

Water availability
Deep, irregular watering is the key to strong roots for your plants. If you water a little bit often, the roots of your plants will spread out along the surface of the soil (thatch) and be susceptible to diseases, insects, and drought. Watering deeply (drenching) but not often forces the roots to grow deep into the soil, finding nutrients and any water tables. With good mulching, most established vegetable gardens can be watered once a week, barring heat or other extenuating circumstances. Because heavy watering will be necessary, make sure that a good source of water is near your garden location.

Location
Before starting any design it's important to study views and traffic patterns so that you can enjoy vistas, aren't gawked at by passing motorists, and have enough room for both growing and maneuvering space. A garden should be someplace easily accessible. Visit your garden often, once a day or many times a week, to catch problems, harvest young vegetables, and perform regular tasks. The closer your garden to your front or back door, the better—and the better it will look and produce.

Annuals
These plants usually germinate, flower and die within one year. Unless prevented from setting seed, true annuals will not live longer than this. Some seedless plants can also be considered annuals even though they do not flower.

Examples of true annuals include corn, lettuce, pea, cauliflower, watermelon, bean, zinnia and marigold.

Seed Starting and Transplanting
/Design


text:
Arabic/Sentence Fragments/Templates

There are many patterns visible in the Arabic language.

Arabic words are composed of root consonants. Most words usually have 3 root consonants. For example the word كتاب (kitaab) shares the same ordering of root consonants with مكتب (maktab). Words that share the same ordering of root consonants are usually obviously related in meaning. The root consonants for the two mentioned words were k-t-b (note: order matters).

Templates are diagrams used to show where root consonants are in a word, it is a tool used to understand Arabic. The template for كِتاب (kitaab) is فِعال (CiCaaC). Note that كِتاب means book, while فِعال (CiCaaC) does not mean anything and is simply a tool used to understand Arabic morphology.

Notice that مَكْتَب (maktab) does not start with a root consonant, we know this because we know that it does not start with ك (k). The template for it is مَفْعَل (maCCaC).

Templates are an important tool for the learner of Arabic because it allows them to use a good Arabic dictionary. Using knowledge of templates can allow you to figure out the meaning of an unfamiliar word, without a dictionary. By understanding the relationship between words a dictionary is not needed. Much like a person learning English does not need to look up the word "cleaner" once they know the word "clean".

Arabic words are composed primarily of root consonants and a template. The root consonants contain the abstract meaning of the word, while the templates specify the meaning. For instance:( ك ـ ت ـ ب) k-t-b gives the abstract meaning of writing, because كَتَبَ ((kataba)) means "he wrote". With the template مَفْعَل (maCCaC), the consonants occupy the places reserved for them and make a word meaning "office": مَكْتَب (maktab).

Arabic uses this principle for verbs, nouns, and forming plurals. Notice that there are many different templates. The most useful ones are the noun templates. The template of place    مَفْعَل (maCCaC), which we used to make a word meaning "office", can be seen used on signs of places in the Arab world. For exampe: مَطْعَم (maT`am) which means "restaurant".

Another advantage of templates is that words do not necessarily derive directly from other words. This prevents forming a noun from a verb unconventionally which happens in English (Best example: use of "presentate" instead of "present").

title: Arabic/Sentence Fragments/Templates


text:
Talk:Geometry/Postulates & Definitions

Alphabetized?
Do you think the definitions should be in alphabetical order or by topic? DroEsperanto 18:51, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Geometry/Postulates & Definitions


text: Category:Book:A-level Applied Science

title: Category:Book:A-level Applied Science


text:
Arabic/Sentence Fragments/Cases

Arabic like many languages uses grammatical cases. Arabic only has three cases: nominative, genitive, and accusative.

However, they are for the most part not written. When Arabic is not written fully vowelled the only cases visible are dual nouns, and sound masculine plural nouns, and indefinite accusative case. Because short vowels, and tanween are not pronounced at the end of sentences cases usually go unpronounced at the end of the sentence. However, in fully vowelled text they are still written when they are not pronounced. Most cases can be avoided by pronouncing each word in its pausal form, however most view that pronouncing each word pausally is incorrect, at the very least it is not considered eloquent. =Cases in the singular and in all irregular plurals= Nominative:ُ u Genitive: ِ i Accusative:َ a

For indefinite nouns
N: ٌ uN G: ٍ  iN A: ً  aN/aa

=Cases in the regular masculine plural= N: ـونَ uuna G: ـِينَ iina A: ـِينَ iina

=Cases in the regular feminine plural=

Definite
N: ـاتُ aatu G: ـاتِ aati A: ـاتِ aati

Indefinite
N: ـاتٌaatuN G: ـاتٍ aatiN A: ـاتٍ aatiN

Cases on Names
Putting case endings on names is something to be avoided, because it is really tricky. Most names never take case endings. In news broadcasts, names of people, and cities are not given case endings if they are composed of only one word.

Most names that do take cases instead of taking "a,i,u" like most normal words instead use "a,a,u" some even take tanween.

title: Arabic/Sentence Fragments/Cases


text: Category:Book:Cardiology and Cardiothoracic Surgery


text: Category:Book:Carpentry

title: Category:Book:Carpentry


text:
User talk:129.252.25.185

Ordinary Differential Equations
I have deleted the page Ordinary Differential Equations because it does not appear to be a textbook. If you do wish to write a textbook on the subject, then please recreate the page after reading WB:NEW. Thanks, hagindaz 22:18, 21 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:129.252.25.185


text: Category:Book:Catalan

title: Category:Book:Catalan


text: Category:Book:Celestia

title: Category:Book:Celestia


text: Category:Book:Cellular Automata

title: Category:Book:Cellular Automata


text:
Spanish/Expressions/Tener

Tener __ años

 * Tener __ años — To be __ years old

Examples

 * Tengo cuarenta años.
 * I am forty years old.

Tener ganas de

 * Tener ganas de — To want to; to feel like
 * Conjugate tener, add "ganas de" and the infinitive of the action verb.
 * Note: The verb "ganar" means to earn, to win, or to gain.

Examples

 * Tengo ganas de ir al parque.
 * I feel like going to the park.

 * ¿Tienes ganas de bailar?
 * Do you feel like dancing?

Tener lugar

 * Tener lugar — To take place

Tener que

 * Tener que — To have to

Examples

 * Tengo que cortar el césped.
 * I have to cut the grass.

Tener un bebé

 * Tener un bebé — To have a baby
 * Tener un niño — To have a baby boy
 * Tener una niña — To have a baby girl

title: Spanish/Expressions/Tener


text:
Talk:Horticulture/Elements of a Garden Location

I am adding content to the Wikimanual of Gardening; please feel free to discuss. (Unsigned, from User:Aris, 20:04, 21 June 2006)

Cool! Changing the 5 to 6... views are important too! Johnny 13:25, 26 June 2006 (UTC)


text: File:SuperimposedCS.JPG

title: File:SuperimposedCS.JPG


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4

The Queen's Gambit
The Queen's Gambit is one of the oldest openings in chess and starts with the moves 1. d4 d5 2. c4. In it, White sacrifices a pawn in order to gain control of the centre. If Black accepts the gambit with 2... dxc4, White can immediately try to reclaim the gambitted pawn with 3. e4 or 3. e3, or White can play 3. Nf3. This opening is very popular among modern players and is one of the best openings for 1. d4.

Black's responses
Accepting the gambit with 2... dxc4 is by no means a risky decision, but most Black players choose to decline it with 2... e6 (Queen's Gambit Declined) or 2... c6 (Slav Defence). More exotic alternatives include the 2... Nc6 (Chigorin Defence), the 2... c5 (Austrian Defence) or the 2... e5 (Albin Countergambit).

Less popular is 2... Nf6?!, the Marshall Defence, allowing 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. e4, 2... Bf5!?, which weakens b7, or 2...b5?!, a dubious wing gambit.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 d5 2. c4'''

title: Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e6

=Queen's Gambit Declined=

2...e6
With 2...e6, Black declines the Queen's Gambit in the traditional fashion. 2...e6 bolsters the d5 pawn and opens a diagonal for the development of Black's dark-squared bishop. However, 2...e6 also blocks the c8-h3 diagonal for Black's light-squared bishop. Finding a way to productively develop this piece is a perennial challenge for Black players in the QGD.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6'''


text:
Java Programming/Keywords/new

is a Java keyword. It creates a Java object and allocates memory for it on the heap. is also used for array creation, as arrays are also objects.

Syntax:  = ;

For example:

See also:
 * Java Programming/Creating Objects

title: Java Programming/Keywords/new


text:
Microsoft Certified Professional Developer/Exam 70-526/Add and configure a Windows Form/Add a Windows Form to a project at design time

Windows Forms are added to existing projects at design time by doing the following: 1. Locate the 'Solution Explorer'. If it is not already open it can be opened as follows a. On the main menu click on 'View' then select 'Solution Explorer' or use the key combination 'Ctrl+Alt+L' 2. Rick click the solution to which you wish to add the form 3. Select 'Add' from the menu 4. Select 'Windows Form' from the sub-menu or from that same menu you can select 'New Item' and a dialog will open listing all the possible file types you can add to a project, from there select 'Windows Form'


text:
User talk:203.36.44.12

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- LV (Dark Mark) 01:57, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:203.36.44.12


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5

1...f5 - Dutch Defence
The Dutch Defence has a character all of its own in contrast to other 1.d4 openings, which often share similar themes. Black usually plays variously for:

 * A Classical setup with 2...e6 3...d6 4...Be7,
 * A Stonewall with 2...e6 3...d5 4...c6, or
 * The Leningrad with 2...g6 3...Bg7 4...d6.

White usually plays 2. g3 or 2. c4 here, though many moves are playable.

One interesting though often considered dubious option is the Staunton Gambit with 2. e4, leading to more tactical positions than the positional grinds and straightforward attacks that the Dutch usually provides.

Because Black responds to 1.d4 with f5, breaking the symmetry, the Dutch is an example of a Semi-Closed Game. This means one player, but not both, has a fixed pawn in the center which implies that the center will be somewhat (but not completely) closed. The main purpose of the f5 push is to take control of the e4 square. The idea behind f5, typically followed by Nf6, is to prevent white from playing e4. However, white has several options that allow them to play e4 anyway. One way to achieve this is the Staunton Gambit where the move is simply played immediately. The Bladel Variation and the Raphael Variation are more sophisticated ways of playing e4. In most of these lines white plays Nc3 followed by e4.

Statistics

 * Approximate chances
 * White win 36%, Draw 42.1%, Black win 29.1%.

Theory table
1. d4 f5

title: Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...f5


text:
Talk:Music Theory/Pop

While not being a wikibooks member, may I make a casual observation about this page?

It's poor in quality. The author(s) don't know what they are talking about, and the article contains factual errors (Boy bands were not first introduced in the 90s for example) The whole thing really doesnt contribute to the wikibooks project. This short thing isn't of any use to anyone, and someone should really work on this page. But not me. An expert.

 * Agreed. "Motown is one example, which was a group of black singers & songwriters on the Motown record label"?? Motown is a group on the Motown label? The 80s "gave birth" to bubblegum? (Tell that to the 1910 Fruitgum Co.). And so on. This is beyond poorly written: there are typos, nonsense text, factual errors. Editing it would mean deleting all the text and starting again. Oy. Freshacconci 18:25, 20 February 2007 (UTC)

DID NOT START IN THE 1950's
Insert non-formatted text here Insert non-formatted text here

Who wrote this? And how did they get their information? Pop music definately didn't start in the 1950's it started YEARS before that. In fact the first person we could give recognition to in terms of starting Popular american music was Stephen Foster in the mid 19th Century around 140-1860.

Pop music was dissiminated in the forms of sheet music and started a LONG time before 1950. In fact, if you think that Pop started in the 50's what of Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby? They were certainly considered to be in the pop music mainstream 20 and 10 years earlier.

1970's and onward
I will continue to work on this article later from the 1970's onward, as I did not write those, and they contain factual errors and are poorly written, even though a lot of the previous stuff needs some editing as well. I'll get back to it when I am not so busy.

This is a terrible wikibook. Green Day is not a band from the 2000's, sure, they are still around, but they are a nineties band. Would you say that Bob Dylan is a 2000's performer because he is still around? Pop music has existed since music. Its changed a lot, but its always been around. A powerchord is a chord that only has the 1 and 5 intervals. The exclusion of the 3rd does not constitute a powerchord. A suspended chord has no third, and is not a powerchord. Instead of working on this article, I would recommend deleting it altogether, and maybe doing some serious research on this topic. Berklee College of Music offers a great class called the history of pop music, which goes back to the early 1800's. You might want to consider taking it if you want to write this article.

Lots of history, not much theory
Heading says all.

Also, the article seems to be about mainstream music ('popular music') more than it is about the simple-melody four-chords genre of music which as far as I can tell did in fact start in the 50s or 60s (and I am very willing to be shown to be wrong here). Jazz... isn't pop. Folk... isn't pop. 143.92.1.33 (discuss) 09:08, 7 November 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Music Theory/Pop


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6

= Indian Defence =

1...Nf6
Black's 1...Nf6 in response to 1. d4 is characteristic of the various Indian defences. Unlike 1...d5, which fights for the center in traditional fashion by occupying it with pawns, Indian systems reflect the hyper modern approach to opening theory. In such openings, Black often allows White to construct a classical pawn center, but then attempts to attack it with pieces and undermine it with timely pawn advances. By delaying the movement of their own central pawns, Black retains a certain degree of flexibility at the cost of ceding the center to White.

It should be noted that while 1...Nf6 often leads to Indian systems, transpositions back into other openings such as the Queen's Gambit are not uncommon. As in any opening, both players should remain aware of these possibilities.

The main continuation for White is 2. c4. In fact, there are many playable moves at this point, but most of them either transpose back into a typical 2. c4 position or into other more or less orthodox 1. d4 openings. Some lines such as 2. Bg5 may lead to strange positions, but even these may transpose or become similar to other mainstream 1. d4 openings.

Hopefully this gives some background as to why 2. c4 is the main move discussed in opening books. Feel free to play 2. Nf3, 2. Nc3, or even 2. c3, 2. Bf4, or 2. Bg5. Even so, learning the main positions (and, more importantly, the strategies) arising from 2. c4 will not be time wasted.

2. Nd2 is a weak move by White where Black can play the Budapest trap (Nd2 - e5, dxe5 -  Ng4,  h3 - Ne3)

Statistics
Estimated next move popularity: c4 62%, Nf3 28%, Bg5 5%, Nc3 2%, g3 1%, e3 1%, Bf4 and other moves less than 1%

Theory table
1. d4 Nf6

title: Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6


text:
Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6

I just created this page on 2. c4, but I wrote a fairly long intro. When I was a beginner, I was always confused as to why there were never any other options to 2. c4. I found it hard to believe 2. Nf3 could be so bad, or maybe 2. g3. I felt 2. c3 and 2. e3 were too passive, but I still wanted to know why 2. c4 was always played.

As I wrote, some of my material became an advertisement for why 1. d4 is a good choice. I realize this may not be the best place for it, but maybe I can move it over later.--JECompton 03:21, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Tone is incorrect for a wiki
This article needs to be revised and the conversational tone eliminated. That way, it would conform to the rest of the wiki.
 * Your welcome to edit. ChessCreator (talk) 09:31, 15 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4

=Indian Defence=

2. c4
2. c4 strengthens White's control of the center, particularly the important d5 square. It also allows White's queenside knight to develop to the active c3 square without blocking the c-pawn.

Black has a number of possibilities at this point:
 * /2...e6/ – This move is solid and flexible. Depending on how white plays, Black will end up in a Queen's Indian, Nimzo-Indian, Bogo-Indian, Queen's Gambit Declined, Benoni, or a Catalan.
 * /2...g6/ – This tends to be more aggressive (and riskier), though still solid if one knows the important strategic points. Black has the choice to move into a King's Indian Defence (KID) (regardless of white's play) or possibly a Grünfeld if White plays 3. Nc3 and Black wishes.
 * /2...c5/ – This will likely end up being a Benoni (often aggressive, risky), Benko Gambit (positional pawn sacrifice by Black on queenside), a symmetrical English (a bit quieter, but active pieces), or even a Tarrasch QGD (active for both sides).
 * /2...d6/ – This is the so-called "Old Indian," and it can either transpose into a KID or follow less popular lines with a strategy similar to the KID.
 * /2...e5/ – The Budapest Gambit. It has a unique character and often allows Black active play. White usually gives the pawn back eventually, and usually gets a slightly better position, but Black can do well against an unprepared opponent.
 * /2...d5/ – The Marshall Defence. This is not the best idea, though not an absolute trap. Several opening encyclopedias give this a clear advantage to White if played right.
 * 2...c6 – The rare Slav Indian, looking for a transposition to the Slav Defence. White typically allows this with 3. Nc3 or 3. Nf3, but can refuse with 3. Bf4.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 Nf6 2. c4'''


text:
User talk:24.78.98.231

Welcome
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We hope that you choose to become a Wikibooks and create an account. We hope you enjoy your time here on Wikibooks as a Wikibookian! --hagindaz 04:03, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:24.78.98.231


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6

=Indian Defence=

2...e6
2...e6 is a move with several purposes. First, it opens a diagonal for the development of Black's dark-squared bishop. It also challenges White's ambition in the center by attacking the d5 square. By doing so, Black prepares to play ...d5 while discouraging White from playing d5 themself.

A disadvantage for Black of systems with ...e6 is that the pawn on e6 blocks the c8-h3 diagonal on which Black's light-squared bishop may wish to operate. Finding a useful way to develop this piece, either through a queenside fianchetto or a future reopening of the c8-h3 diagonal, is a perennial challenge for Black players after ...e6. However, the inactivity of the light-squared bishop, while sometimes problematic, is rarely fatal in the early going, and should not discourage Black players from choosing 2...e6 or ...e6 on a later move.

White has three main choices here:
 * /3. Nc3/ - more aggressive in trying to establish a center via e2-e4, but also allows the 3...Bb4 pin (Nimzo-Indian). Black may also play a Benoni (3...c5) or QGD (3...d5).
 * /3. Nf3/ - Less aggressive but solid. White may face a Queen's Indian (3...b6), Benoni, Bogo-Indian (3...Bb4+), or QGD.
 * /3. g3/ - This usually leads to a Catalan, or sometimes a Symmetrical English or Benoni. The Catalan offers good chances for White to obtain powerful piece play in a more open game than the typical 1. d4 openings.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6'''


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nc3

=Indian Defence=

3. Nc3
With 3.Nc3, White develops a piece and continues to fight for the center of the board. On c3, the knight controls the important d5 and e4 squares. Black can choose from four main continuations. One of the main continuations is Bb4, which activates the dark squared bishop and pins the white knight. This is known as the Nimzo-Indian Defense.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3'''


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nc3

=Queen's Gambit Declined=

3.Nc3
After building a pawn center with their first two moves, White begins the development of their minor pieces with 3.Nc3. On c3, the knight controls the d5 and e4 squares. White would like to play e4 at some point to gain even more presence in the center, and 3.Nc3 facilitates this break.

White's dark-squared bishop will likely go to g5 after Black plays Nf6.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3'''


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6

= Queen's Gambit Declined =

3...Nf6
With 3...Nf6 Black begins the development of his minor pieces, continues to fight for the center, including the battleground squares d5 and e4, and gets closer to castling.

This is the classical main-line of the QGD. White has several options, though some of these may transpose into each other at some point:
 * 4. cxd5 - The exchange variation. Unlike other exchange variations notorious for yielding a quiet game (e.g. French, Slav), this exchange has several aggressive plans including the "minority attack" on the queenside or a preparation for an all-out assault by seizing the center by an eventual e2-e4 or e3-e4.
 * 4. Nf3 - This is the solid classical option.
 * 4. Bg5 - Since this move is usually played anyway, it is both constructive while keeping options open.

Theory table
.

'1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6'


text:
User talk:JECompton~enwikibooks

Chess Opening Theory
Welcome! Here's a hint that might help you here at Wikibooks: you can delete a page created by mistake by typing somewhere on the page. Alternatively, you can redirect it to the correct page by typing #REDIRECT Page to redirect to. Redirecting is useful when other pages already link to an incorrect page. You can check this by pressing ALT-J or clicking on the "what links here" button on the toolbar. Enjoy your stay at Wikibooks, hagindaz 05:28, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

 * No problem at all. :) --hagindaz 05:29, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Good to see you at the Opening Theory wikibook, my friend! This is the first time two people working on this project have been active at the same time. I had great visions for this wikibook a few months ago: I was responsible for it detaching from the Chess wikibook, and I was doing the content single-handed for a short while (basic e4 lines) until university exams left me short of spare time. But I'm back!

You've been doing a lot of work on the d4 openings. Are you keen to carry on with that? The simplest division of labour, until we get more people showing an interest, would be: I do e4, you do d4/c4.

I had a convention going that the only links leaving a page should be to moves immediately following that position, and that each move should appear only once as a link and thereafter as plain text. E.g. on your 1. d4 page, 2. e4 is not a move immediately playable, it's just something White is thinking about (and probably won't play), so it should not be linked. I don't feel that I've explained that very well... the point is that the user must select the Black response before selecting the White response to the Black response, otherwise the user doesn't know where the Black response has come from. That still doesn't explain it very well. Can you see what I'm getting at? As for each move appearing only once as a link, I feel it helps to impose some sort of visible structure on the information (I have tended to indent the links too) and it is consistent with Wikipedia. I prefer for example one paragraph discussing 1...Nf6 followed by one paragraph discussing 1...d5 etc. This isn't as important and we can come to a consensus.

It is imperative that White moves contain a space: 2. e4. This is because otherwise the page title is an unbroken string of characters, and as I discovered, once you get to about the fifth move you start descending into side-scrolling hell. I had to rename every page in the wikibook, in a long afternoon, for that reason. It's a bit of a fudge, but so is the Universe.

I generally can't be bothered with the theory tables, and have left them out of the e4 pages I've done. Maybe someone new will come along and fill those in. I think being able to see the board position is much more important. But I admire your persistence with them.

What I'm keen for us to do is keep a rough diary of our contributions on the main discussion page, because with the labyrinthine structure of this wikibook, newly written pages may not be noticed otherwise.

I want to rewrite the main page as a priority. Right now it's a rambling mess full of jargon. I want to include a quote from Chernev. Watch this space...

Hope to get some work done with you in the near future. Chi Sigma 23:59, 26 June 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called JECompton. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name JECompton~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:18, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:03, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:JECompton~enwikibooks


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...Nf6/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nf3

Indian Defence with e6, Nf3
3. Nf3 develops a piece and contributes to White's fight for the center of the board. This move strengthens the d4 and e5 squares and brings White a move closer to castling kingside. Nf3 blocks the f-pawn, which can be a powerful lever for White in some lines, but White has many other options as well. This continuation is often chosen by White players who are trying to avoid the Nimzo-Indian Defence, 3. Nc3 Bb4. 3...Bb4+ is still possible after 3. Nf3, but this usually leads to the Bogo-Indian Defence, which has a much poorer theoretical reputation for Black than the Nimzo-Indian.

Because it blocks the f-pawn, does not support the e4 pawn break, and does not fight for the d5 square, 3. Nf3 is a little more passive on White's part than 3. Nc3. Nevertheless, it is solid, and there are many ways for White to get a quiet, positional advantage. Apart from the Bogo-Indian, Black can aim for the Queen's Indian or Benoni as well as the usual transpositions:
 * 3...b6 - The Queen's Indian (QID). This move is quiet and aims at equality via active piece play, trades in the center, and freeing pawn breaks such as ...c5, ...d5 or even ...e5 (usually utilizing ...d6 as preparation for this)
 * 3...d5 - as always, the Queen's Gambit Declined (QGD) transposition is in the air.
 * 3...c5 - is the Benoni... This is one of the more appealing paths to the Benoni as it avoids the dangerous f2-f4 lines.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3'''


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nf3

= Queen's Gambit Declined = With 3.Nf3, White begins the development of his minor pieces after establishing a pawn center on the first two moves. 3.Nf3 controls important central squares, but unlike 3.Nc3, it does not immediately help to prepare the e4 pawn break. However, it does bring White close to castling kingside, something 3.Nc3 does not. In most QGD lines, White will play both Nc3 and Nf3 anyway; the order is important only if White desires to avoid specific variations.

White's dark-squared bishop will likely go to g5 after Black plays Nf6, but of course this is not possible immediately because of 3...Qxg5. Moving the bishop to a different square on move 3 would simply lose a tempo if it later went on to g5, so it is best to develop a knight here instead. There are sound systems involving Bf4, but it is not wise to commit to a Bf4 system so early. Thus 3.Nc3 and 3.Nf3 are the most sensible options.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3'''


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nf3/3...Nf6

= Queen's Gambit Declined =

3...Nf6
Here white can take an interesting departure from the typical QGD lines by playing 4. g3, transposing into a main line of the Catalan Opening. This colorful opening can be very aggressive, especially if black opens the long diagonal with ...dxc4 at some point. The piece play white obtains from such an opening of lines is often dangerous for black.

At this point, white's other main continuations are 4. Nc3 and 4. Bg5, though 4. cxd5 is certainly possible.

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Nf6'''


text:
Wikibooks talk:Featured books

Featured book concept
I think having a featured book concept would be useful (and I was going to propose one myself before you jumped in ).

I would, however, make the following suggestions/questions:

 * 1) Set a start date - say 1 August - to allow for discussions on the criteria and what books should initally be listed.
 * 2) Drop the minimum page criterion. What's wrong with a great, complete book being 90 pages long? Or 80 pages long? Or 48 pages long (which is meant to be the target length or a Wikijunior book)? Does it matter as long as it does not look unfinished?
 * 3) Drop the pdf requirement. Instead adopt the approach of encouraging pdfs for books that become featured.
 * 4) Where did your proposed starting list come from? Having all books of the monthas potential founding members seems sensible. As does having current hotpicks. Perhaps if we do set a start date, allow being to raise objections to these books by then, otherwise deem them to be adopted. Then have a positive voting/discussion system to allow other nominations.
 * 5) If it works well, we could end up replacing book of the month (why not book of the week, or day, even?).

Jguk 06:01, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

 * I wouldn't object to any of your changes, so feel free to make any revisions you like. But here's my reasonong for my version:

 * I chose a 100 page limit in order to not include short guides. It seems unreasonable to me that a textbook would be less than 100 pages. Wikijunior may be an exception, or maybe we should leave it out altogether, since it's a separate project. I chose the proposed list from highlighted and its talk page. Feel free to remove any books you do not deem worthy of featured status (or vice versa).

 * I chose PDFs as a requirement because they are very easy to create, but add a lot to Wikibooks' functionality and appeal. The ability to download a textbook is very important, in my opinion, and it'll be easier on browsers if they know that all featured book could be downloaded.

 * I also didn't want long discussions or voting on whether a book should be listed or not, so I decided to go with simple, general criteria. Anyone can add any book that meets the requirements. I think the "official voted-upon featured status" should only be to bolded books, and the rest of the list should remain unofficial (as long as books reasonably meet the criteria). We can switch to voted-upon books only when Wikibooks grows to a certain point.

 * But again, this is all trivial, so feel free to change anything or create policies. --hagindaz 06:44, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Regarding your last suggestion, one possibility is to display a different non-BotM featured book each day of the month on the main page. Since there are 27 of these books at the moment, that works out rather nicely. --hagindaz 06:49, 22 June 2006 (UTC)

Small featured marker template
I've been toying around with a small template, similar to Botm Winner Short that will post a small image after a book, for use on a bookshelf to denote books that are featured. This is just more advertising, of course, but it's an easy analog to those BOTM templates. The template is Featured, and is used like this:

It just creates a link to the book, and that little star graphic at the end. --Whiteknight (talk) 22:08, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

 * This would also be handy for interwiki links, like what wikipedia use -- Kowey 05:15, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Proposal for new Featured Books logo
I noticed that the Featured Books logo looks a little awkward, text-positioning wise, so I was wondering if something like the one below would be better suited.

Suggestions? I'd be glad to change the font, add shading, and so on. Doodledoo 21:03, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * The current logo uses a retro font, layout and colour scheme - whether that was intended, I'm not sure. I like it a lot more than most logos used around here. While there may be a better option, I don't think this is it. I welcome your efforts to find us a new logo. Perhaps something more along the lines of the Nuvola theme would fit in better (especially now that we're using those icons for many major templates. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 21:08, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * How about if the font was the same as the original? I could easily change it. Doodledoo 21:26, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Ta da. Doodledoo 21:47, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Sorry, it just looks kinda amateur. That's why I suggested something more like Nuvola, which looks really slick and professional. I just don't see the point of trying to imitate what we already have. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 16:54, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Add this link
Can someone add the following link ? --90.38.52.70 17:50, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

This one, too? --80.136.87.231 (talk) 13:56, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

✅. --DavidCary (talk) 15:22, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

Special RSS / Atom feed
After looking around the site for about 10 minutes, I could not find a feed with just the new featured books, like the one for featured articles on Wikipedia. This would be a nice addition.

 * You're right, this would be a nice addition, and is something that maybe we could work on. There are relatively few featured books on Wikibooks (compared to featured articles at wikipedia), and we promote new books relatively infrequently. One thing that you could do is to check out the history feed for the featured books page HERE. This feed will show you all the changes to the page, and the page is changed every time a new featured book is added. Of course, it will also show you other edits, such as formatting, spelling, grammar, and organization edits, but it's the price you need to pay for this. Thanks for the suggestion! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 13:33, 11 December 2007 (UTC)

print and pdf versions
When people look at the list here, some wikibooks have "(PDF) (print)" links after them: while others don't:
 * ... — Algorithms (PDF) (print) — ...
 * ... — Consciousness Studies — ...

How do I fix this list to show links for the print and pdf versions of the Consciousness Studies wikibook? And other wikibooks that have print and pdf versions? I'm guessing we need to move the print and pdf versions somewhere else where the PDF template can find them? Is this something that needs to be mentioned in the Naming policy? --DavidCary (talk) 15:41, 2 February 2009 (UTC)

 * I have organized about 2000 PDF files on Commons in the main Category:Pdf files There are a couple of book related pdf subcategories there as well. I would suggest just creating a subcategory for the pdf files. WayneRay (talk) 19:41, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

Inconsistent Featured Books listings
There appear to be several books listed at WB:FB for which the featured status is not indicated on the book's page and which are not found in the category listing. Being new here I don't know what takes preeminence, so perhaps someone could sort this out.

 * Arimaa
 * Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience
 * Cookbook
 * Formal Logic
 * Haskell
 * How To Assemble A Desktop PC
 * Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education
 * This Quantum World
 * Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet

75.101.206.103 (talk) 08:18, 10 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Thanks for pointing that out. For a book to be featured, it must first be nominated, discussed, and receive consensus by the WB community.  The authoritative source is therefore Featured books/Nominations or in its archives. I will begin an investigation of the books you've listed to see if they were ever discussed, but it's a lot of work, so I invite others to pitch in.  I also propose that we protect WB:FB so that it can be edited by admins only (right now it can be edited by any registered user, which I think is inadequate). --Jomegat (talk) 13:04, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

 * Arimaa - promoted on 3 May 2007 by RobinH. Discussion archived here.
 * Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience discussed here.
 * Cookbook discussed here.
 * Formal Logic discussed here.
 * Haskell - no evidence found (yet).
 * How To Assemble A Desktop PC - no evidence found yet.
 * Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education discussed here.
 * This Quantum World - discussed here.
 * Wikijunior:Animal Alphabet - discussed here.
 * --Jomegat (talk) 13:27, 10 November 2009 (UTC)
 * Actually, I'm going to make the proposal to protect this page in the Reading room. --Jomegat (talk) 13:31, 10 November 2009 (UTC)

Out of date "New" Featured Books
The "November's new featured books" category, originating at Featured_books/Templates, appears to be seriously out-of-date. It appears as though that template doesn't get updated much. 93.217.231.219 (talk) 08:08, 28 November 2009 (UTC)
 * It just adjusts the month name variable. We'd have to actually have some new featured books to update the template.  It may be better to just sort out the ones in the top section and comment out the "new featured books" section entirely. -- Adrignola talk contribs 14:22, 28 November 2009 (UTC)

Make it neater?
I know this is not a problem in browsers where collapsing is OK, but on IE, it looks irritating. Will it be possible to decrease the size of the cover pictures and arrange the books one book on each row, rather than three cells per row? Thanks Kayau (talk | email | contribs) 04:05, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

 * Collapsing works for me in IE 8. One per row will make the page extremely tall; even worse if collapsing isn't working for someone.  I made an attempt to drop the thumbnail size on this page, however.  It works for the non-SVG images. – Adrignola talk 12:08, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

 * I reread my comment and realised that the collapsing part makes no sense at all. I still find the current state very irritating because of the odd arrangement, especially social sciences and computing. I don't think arranging in rows will make it taller since the size of the pictures can be further reduced. Kayau (talk | email | contribs) 12:13, 1 October 2010 (UTC)

Needed correction
The wording below as shown on the front page is absolutely incorrect.

Seen a wikibook you like?

It is worse considering the area is for books. Did you see.. or Have you seen would be better.

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Featured_books

William Maury Morris II (discuss • contribs) 07:10, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

 * It's not absolutely incorrect. It's mildly informal.  --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 17:14, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

'Featured Wikibook chapter' instead of 'featured Wikibook'? "A-level Computing/AQA"
I was looking at the list of featured Wikibooks and discovered that A-level Computing/AQA is featured among the books. So to clear up a bit of my confusion, is /AQA a separate featured Wikibook or is it a Wikibook chapter? Usually any book with a / and some label usually means it is a chapter of a book.

So the chapter /AQA is that a featured chapter of the book while the book itself isn't a featured Wikibook? It would help in clearing up my confusion regarding this topic and how I add/edit Wikidata items for the works here on English Wikibooks. Looking forward to your help! Thank you! Datariumrex (discuss • contribs) 06:25, 21 August 2020 (UTC)

Wikidata: Most of your featured books link to general concepts in Wikidata instead of items for the books themselves
I see a lot of featured books which don't have their own separate Wikidata items. Instead I see many of the featured Wikibooks which link the book itself to the main subject it discusses. As a fictional example, let's say a Wikibook about Cats links to the concept of Cat. In such an example the Wikidata item for Cat can't be added as instance of = book since a cat is instance of = taxon. It would confuse somebody to see that the Wikidata item is not a book when it links to a Wikibook. Also adding main subject = Cat wouldn't be possible/logical since it would then link to itself. A book about a cat is a book whose main subject is cat, not the book itself.

I've posted in the Wikidata project chat where I list examples of Wikibooks that link to general concepts and Wikibooks with their own items. I'm awaiting community input over at Wikidata so perhaps from these findings it will be easier for Wikibookians to more correctly create/edit Wikidata items directly related to English Wikibooks and relevant data about them. Datariumrex (discuss • contribs) 08:04, 21 August 2020 (UTC)

title: Wikibooks talk:Featured books


text:
Category:Book:Cell Biology

bg:Категория:Клетъчна биология

title: Category:Book:Cell Biology


text: Category:Book:Pharmacology

title: Category:Book:Pharmacology


text: Category:Book:Chinese Tractor Maintenance


text: Category:Book:Choosing The Right File Format