text:
The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Rasch FC

“South-East Essex” (Spy), April 2, 1896
''The late Frederic Carne Rasch, J.P., D.L., of Woodhill, became his father nine-and-forty years ago; and sent him to Eton and to Trinity, Cambridge, where he showed himself healthy in body and mind. That qualified him to be a Lieutenant in the 6th Dragoon Guards (the Carabineers); with whom he served for ten years. After that he naturally became Captain and Honorary Major of the 4th Battalion of the Essex Regiment; which he still is. He is also a Justice of the Peace, a Deputy-Lieutenant, and County Alderman for Essex; besides which, having unsuccessfully contested the Elland Division of the North-West Riding eleven years ago, he has been the chosen representative in Parliament of South-East Essex for ten. He is an Essex man and wholesome, bluff, genial fellow of strong opinions; who calls himself a Democratic Tory.''

''He is a man of blood who has smelled powder. He also helps to direct a couple of breweries, and it is believed that he does it well. Though he is not a pushing man he is a valuable subject of his Queen and a very useful Member of Parliament; in whom is much common sense, much sense of honour, and a keen sense of the difference between right and wrong. Yet is he a modest fellow with an undue sense of his own merit. The Carabineers owe him their silver kettle drums, which he gave them when he left the Service. He is a quick-spoken, ready man of military precision, who says very straitly what he means to say.''

He has athletic propensities; and he has run, ridden, and rowed more races than most men.

Frederic Carne Rasch (1847-1914) rowed for Third Trinity, Cambridge in the 1867 Diamonds.

“He was an advocate of short speeches, and he opposed extreme temperence legislation on the ground that he objected to making drunken people sober by keeping sober people dry” -- a reasonable view for a politician who directed a couple of breweries on the side. Rasch was made a baronet in 1903, resigned from Parliament in 1908 for ill health, and died a month after the 1914-18 war broke out.

The 1869 Oxford vs. Harvard Boat Race

In the first Anglo-American university match, Oxford beat Harvard by four lengths in coxed fours from Putney to Mortlake on August 27, 1869. The Oxford crew included J.C. Tinné, an uncle of VANITY FAIR rower W.E. Crum. Edmond Warre called them “the best four that ever sat in a boat.”  The race report by “Barkins” for Vanity Fair (Sept. 4, 1869):

''A Boat-Race between Oxford and Harvard, though technically a match between two amateur boat-clubs, is in the eyes of the public a race between England and America. That the Harvard men altogether repudiated the idea of being the champions of American amateur rowing, we know from their own courteous and modest refusal to row the London Rowing Club, who wrongly interpreted the challenge sent to Oxford as one to England in general. Whether the Harvard crew is the best America can send or not we do not know, but judging from their prestige and their performances in the States, we can be sure they are no unworthy representatives of American amateurs. Their success in America has been almost as marked and as continuous as that of Oxford has been in England for the last few years. They have beaten their rivals of Yale University, and they have beaten a celebrated crew known as the Ward Brothers. At any rate the crowd on the banks of the Thames on Friday afternoon chose to consider the race as one between two nations rather than one between two universities.''

''That Oxford was worthily represented as far as the personnel of her crew goes, no one who saw the men can doubt. Indeed, it is not every year that Oxford could provide four men of such experience and capacity as Darbishire, Tinné, Yarborough, and Willan -- a twice victorious stroke, a present and a past president, and one who has repeatedly been chosen (if it were not invidious to choose where all are good) as the best of the crew -- four such men are not to be found every day, even in Oxford. But four good men do not necessarily make a successful crew; and disregarding (to use the language of their own University) the final and material causes of the success of the Oxford crew, the efficient cause is to be found in Messrs. Warre and Morrison, without whose able and consistent coaching the four would most assuredly have never been what it was; while the last, or formal cause, we may assume to be that very style or idea which our American rivals came to make trial of, and which exists in the minds of all duly qualified coaches, pre-eminently in those of Warre and Morrison. It was in the possession and zealous assistance of such coaches that Oxford was peculiarly happy. Never did a crew begin to train under fairer auspices than did the Oxford four, or rather five, for they kept an extra man in training last July. We may fairly say that, had this crew been beaten, Oxford would have been in sore distress indeed. Her case would have been far worse than that of Cambridge ever was, for she would not have known to whom she could turn.''

''However, all is now over, and Oxford has won once more; and whether it was by half a length or half a mile, she little cares. The sharp drive of the blade through the water, the quick rebound of the hands off the chest, and the pendulum-like swing of the body have won the day again, and we shall still be able to instill the old principles into the ready ears of a rising generation without a qualm of doubt in our inmost souls of the efficacy and truth of those precepts on which we pin our aquatic faith. An account of the actual race is now superfluous; suffice it so say, that Oxford beat Cambridge in America in very much the same way in which she beat Cambridge in England; that a lead to Hammersmith did not ruffle the equanimity of her stroke, that she plodded on behind as usual to Chiswick, and lead as usual in Corney Reach. The race was decided in the old place, abreast of the reservoirs, the only difference being that the Americans kept their rivals harder at work than they have been in some of the ‘Varsity races. . . .''

. . ..

''. . . No one can pretend that the Oxford men had any cause to be disappointed in their rivals; they proved themselves to be at least their equals in endurance, and made them row hard from start to finish. The race has showed this, among other things, that men trained on milk and vegetables can work as hard and as long as those trained on beef, tea, and beer. Hear and reflect on this, O ye captains, coaches, and trainers.''

title: The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Rasch FC


text:
Kdenlive/KDE4 Porting

Installing Kdenlive for KDE4 from SVN
Install KDE4.

You need a recent mlt compilation with qimage for qt4 producer.

Checkout mlt from svn: ./configure --prefix=/usr --enable-gpl --qimage-libdir=/usr/lib/ --qimage-includedir=/usr/include/qt4 --disable-mmx --avformat-swscale make clean make sudo make install

Checkout mlt++ from svn: ./configure --prefix=/usr make clean make sudo make install

Checkout kdenlive from svn: svn co https://kdenlive.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/kdenlive/branches/KDE4

Then compile: cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr CMakeLists.txt make sudo make install

This is it!

Installing Kdenlive for KDE4 from SVN - the easy way
The Kdenlive Builder Wizard can build the KDE4 (or KDE3) version of Kdenlive from current development sources. It is available from and is suited both for one-shot builds, or automated nightly builds (the later requires obtaining the sources to the Wizard, available from the page).

Possible problems
If your compilation ends with something like: MakeFiles/kdenlive.dir/projectlist.o: In function `ProjectList::slotAddClip(DocClipBase*, bool)': /home/jan/src/kdenlive/src/projectlist.cpp:293: undefined reference to `Nepomuk::Resource::Resource(QString const&, QUrl const&)' /home/jan/src/kdenlive/src/projectlist.cpp:293: undefined reference to `Nepomuk::Resource::~Resource' /home/jan/src/kdenlive/src/projectlist.cpp:174: undefined reference to `Nepomuk::Resource::~Resource' /home/jan/src/kdenlive/src/projectlist.cpp:174: undefined reference to `Nepomuk::Resource::~Resource' collect2: ld returned 1 exit status make[2]: *** [src/cmake_bindir/kdenlive] Error 1 make[1]: *** [src/cmake_bindir/CMakeFiles/kdenlive.dir/all] Error 2 make: *** [all] Error 2

Then you have to install soprano and soprano devel package and rerun cmake or use wizard builder once more time.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kdenlive/KDE4 Porting


text:
User:Helpfulstuffnz/Japanese

Introduction
This will provide you with an introduction to the Japanese language. It will include basic information about, how to pronounce Japanese, and an explanation about its various writing systems.

 * About Japanese
 * Pronunciation
 * Reading Japanese
 * Mini-tutorial lesson
 * Mora
 * Consonant doubling & long vowels
 * Pitch accent

Lessons

 * Starter Lessons [[Image:50%.png]]
 * Lesson 1 - Konnichiwa.
 * Lesson 2 - Ogenki desu ka?
 * Lesson 3 - Ii tenki desu ne.
 * Lesson 4 - Wakarimasu yo
 * Lesson 5 - Amari muzukashikunai desu

 * Basic Lessons [[File:00%.svg]]
 * Lesson 6 - Hirigana Lessons
 * Hiragana Chart
 * Lesson 7

 * Intermediate Lessons [[File:00%.svg]]
 * Lesson 8 - Katakana Lessons
 * Katakana Chart
 * Lesson 9 - Verbs

 * Advanced Lessons [[File:00%.svg]]
 * Lesson 10

 * Expert Lessons [[File:00%.svg]]
 * Lesson 11

End Notes

 * Other Japanese Learning Resourses
 * Contributers to this Wikibook

title: User:Helpfulstuffnz/Japanese


text:
User:Thecheet123

/home/mikex/Blender folder/Drawing.blend

title: User:Thecheet123


text: User:Thecheet123/home/mikex/Blender folder/Drawing.blend


text:
The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Smith EJH

“Pembroke” (Hay), January 28, 1888
''Pembroke College, Cambridge, was born some five-and-forty years ago under the name of Smith. In 1873 Smith took a Second Class in the Classical Tripos and a First Class in the Theological; and being a double honourman, was naturally elected a Fellow of Pembroke. Subsequently he achieved the Dean, had the Proctor thrust upon him, and developed into Pembroke College of which he is the soul. Sincere in his work, generous in his friendship, and the leading spirit among the undergraduates, both in the schools and on the river, he has combined, with a success hitherto unequalled, the characters of Dean, Proctor, and Mr. Smith, each one of which is more popular than the other two.''

''It is on the River that Mr. Smith has achieved his greatest glory. There is no figure better known between Jesus Lock and Baitsbite than that of the Dean in his light and dark blue blazer, animating the toils of the fifth boat. He teaches rowing also in his rooms, and has been known to encourage the oar men from the pulpit. He believes in Mesmerism. He is much admired by the fair Girtonites. He is a scholar, a Christian, and a gentleman.''

Rev. Ernest John Heriz Smith (1851-1911) never rowed in the Boat Race or at Henley and thus appears here only on the strength of his Vanity Fair biography, the first in which rowing predominated. Through men like Smith “[t]he Christian ethic became very deeply imbued in the sport of rowing at the club level throughout the country,” wrote historian Neil Wigglesworth, “being disseminated and consolidated by seemingly endless supplies of ordained oarsmen coming down from Oxford and Cambridge colleges, settling into their new parishes and preaching a combination of rowing technique and religious virtue.”

The son of a Fellow of Caius, Smith became “a Pembroke man to the backbone, and the friend and counsellor of all Pembroke men,” retiring in 1896 to hold the college benefice at Tarrant Hinton in Dorset. At Pembroke he started a semi-religious society called the Companions of St. John, whose members wore a belt of sash under their clothes and thus were popularly known as “the belly-banders.” For this and his vocal support of the Church of England, the inaugural issue of The Pem in 1893 offered these “Reminiscences”:

 * Amidst his followers you see
 * The valiant leader stand:
 * The Smith, a mighty man is he,
 * With eager, restless hand,
 * Striving to find on every arm
 * The social leather band!

 * Each Sunday night, for two long hours,
 * You can hear the music flow;
 * You can hear him lead the frequent hymns
 * With solemn voice and slow,
 * Like a sexton tolling the funeral knell,
 * When his spirits are very low!

 * And men that on his staircase keep
 * Shout through the open door;
 * They loathe to see the gathering throng,
 * To hear the maddening roar:
 * And those below the ceiling thump,
 * And those above, the floor!

 * He leans against the doorpost, and
 * The singing he enjoys;
 * He hears the strains of hymn 18;
 * He hears his own sweet voice
 * Ring loudly o’er the others, and
 * It makes his heart rejoice.

 * The members of his social throng
 * Are with him hand and glove,
 * From willing feet, and willing hands,
 * To willing throat above!
 * Bound with the band of fellowship,
 * Bound with the ties of love!

 * Singing, -- reciting, -- chanting,
 * Onward through life he goes:
 * One day he poses as a coach,
 * Another day he rows.
 * With all his College work besides,
 * He earns his night’s repose.

Sporting Heads of Colleges
Victorian Oxbridge did not “recruit” athletes. Still, certain “sporting heads” of colleges were not indifferent to matriculating talented oarsmen. The Etonian flow to Oxford in the 1890s and to Cambridge in the following decade helped swing the Boat Race results those years. W.B. Woodgate opined in Vanity Fair (April 9, 1903), that “[i]t does a College more good socially to produce a Blue with a pass than to shelve him to make room for some obscure substitute who in the Long scraps through with a Third Class, and meantime is a necessity in all College athletic arenas.” His illustrations:

''Dr. Warren, [President of Magdalen College, Oxford,] was offered in 1901 the services of the then Captain of Boats at Eton -- John Edwards-Moss (junior). He insisted on the youth passing Responsions before he would admit him. To do this would have entailed cramming all Long Vac., abandoning all sport at the sire’s Scottish shooting-box; and possible failure after all. So the boy elected, with paternal assent, to cast in his lot at Third Trinity, Cambridge, with other Eton aquatic pals who were simultaneously leaving. Result, a high-class oar lost to Oxford and gained for Cambridge; and undeniably a very important factor in the Putney to Mortlake defeats that befell Oxford in the years immediately following. But, I am glad to record, there still survive such commodities as sporting heads of Oxford colleges. In July 1905, I chanced to be in the waiting-room of Worcester G.W.R. station. A Right Rev. accosted me, and asked if I would mount guard over his chattels, while he went to get some food. On his return I ventured to ask him what his diocese was; he replied, “None. He was Bishop Michison, Master of Pembroke College.” Then I bethought me that an old Radley friend of mine was at the moment contemplating sending a son of his to that college, not so much for the sake of degree, as to give him chance of earning his blue on the river; and that he was somewhat apprehensive as to the boy’s classical attainments sufficing to pass him for matriculation. I volunteered to shove in my own oar at this juncture, and said: “There is a son of an old friend of mine, good oar, good character, but unfortunately not likely ever to set the Thames on fire with his classics. His father wants to send him to Pembroke. . . .” The Bishop cut me short. “Oh, I know whom you mean; young Illingworth. I know all about him; you need not be afraid that I shall let him slip; I hear he can row; I shall matriculate him whether he can spell or not.” (I wish we had had a few more Michisons at Alma Mater.)''

Charles Hunter Illingworth of Pembroke College, Oxford got his blue at No. 2 in the 1906 Boat Race, though Cambridge with Duggie Stuart won.

title: The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Smith EJH


text:
The Rowers of Vanity Fair/1872-1889 Sliding Seats

1872 - 1889: Sliding Seats
The invention of sliding seats is generally credited to John C. Babcock of the Nassau Boat Club in New York, who used them on a single in 1857 and on a six-oar in 1870. Neil Wigglesworth traces their emergence in the U.K. to Tynesiders, whose professional scullers used them as least as early as 1865. The John O’Gaunt four from Lancaster used them in the Stewards’ in 1870, Bell’s Life commenting that the crew moved like “a piston and a pair of scissors.” In Babcock’s version, a ten-inch-square wooden seat covered in leather rested atop grooved brass tracks greased with lard to permit about twelve inches of slide, though only about six were used. Even this modest amount converted into an extra foot of drive in the water that improved the efficiency of the stroke. Edward Hanlan of Toronto, who held the world professional sculling title in the late ‘70s and early ‘80s, introduced the eighteen-inch slide, which converted into about sixteen inches for sweep rowing and became the standard. In addition, new designs and materials were introduced to reduce friction and improve wear; clean shorts replaced oil-stained trousers. In the evolution, some slide types proved defective, as W. Sweetman learned in the 1888 Diamonds. “Shortly after the start, about half-way up the island,” Guy Nickalls recalled, “I heard a bang, and a shower of shrapnel fell around me; the balls from his bearings. I offered to start again and he paddled back to the raft and got another slide fixed.”

It took longer for sliding seats than for outriggers or carvel boats to gain acceptance. To be sure, London R.C. made believers of the gentlemen amateurs by winning the 1872 Stewards’ and Grand with sliding seats, much as Royal Chester had done for carvel boats with its Henley victories in 1855-56. Oxford and Cambridge promptly adopted them for the 1873 Boat Race, knocking half a minute off the record. Yet the transition to long modern slides and the adjustment of style took time, especially at Eton and Oxford where Dr. Warre’s fixed-seat orthodoxy had deepest roots -- perhaps, in the words of a contemporary dark blue, because the Oxford mind was comparatively “of a more doubting and conservative, and less mathematical and radical type.” The longer the slide, the greater the “piston and pair of scissors” effect and the greater the anxiety that it would destroy the rhythm and smoothness that the fixed-seat orthodox felt necessary for efficient boat propulsion. Cambridge, under the thoroughly un-Warreian influence of Australian undergraduate Steve Fairbairn, adapted to longer slides in the mid-1880s, which helped them and their three-time President, S.D. Muttlebury, win four Boat Races in a row. Oxford caught up a few years later when three of its blues -- D.H. McLean, Guy Nickalls, and W.F.C. Holland -- rowed behind Muttlebury in the 1888 Leander eight and brought their experience back to the Isis. The styles debate went into remission during Oxford’s golden years in the 1890s, but flared up again after the turn of the century when the Belgians and other foreign crews started winning at Henley, and continued after the 1914-18 war on into the 1930s.

In the late Victorian years the technical arguments took on a social and religious cast, with fixed-seat gentlemen amateurs preaching a hard “catch” at the water using shoulders and body swing, against the professional style that stressed a fast entry in the water and strong leg extension. “Professional” here meant oarsmen who raced for money, since by this time the tradesman class of watermen were almost non-existent, casualty to steamers, railways, and better roads and bridges. London had some 3,000 watermen in the 1820s but only half that twenty years later; by 1901, R.H. Forster concluded in Down by the River that “the oar plays a humble part in the heart of London, a battered skiff or sturdy police boat is all that remains.”


text:
User talk:Sim-X

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:12, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sim-X


text:
User talk:Clum

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--Laleena (talk) 23:55, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Thanks for the fix!
Thanks for the fix on my book guide. I always appreciate help, and it makes me happy to know that people are actually reading it. It needs a lot of work, of course, and I should spend some time to really update it. Thanks again! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 15:52, 10 January 2008 (UTC)
 * You're welcome.--Clum (talk) 15:53, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Clum


text:
User talk:Rakyjuno

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--Laleena (talk) 23:56, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rakyjuno


text: User talk:70.248.55.77

title: User talk:70.248.55.77


text:
Wikibooks:Wikibooks gazette/2008/01/Featured Books

Are featured books any good? Well, in theory, they are the "best of the best", impeccably factual, and the gem and grace of Wikibooks. In practice, none of these books are any good. Why? For the same reason that, in theory, they are the "grace" of Wikibooks-they are getting edited every day, with supposedly factual or helpful edits coming in to make them even better. I can illustrate this very well. Once, I was browsing though Recentchanges when I came across an edit summary that had said its target page had just lost all its content. This vandalism was done to one of our own checkusers, and I immediately reverted the edit. So, we must make our featured books better. How? That's up to you to decide.


text: User talk:24.254.221.204

title: User talk:24.254.221.204


text:
User talk:Alifia~enwikibooks

Welcome, Alifia!

Come introduce yourself in the general reading room or your project in the project reading room. If you have any questions, you can ask in the assistance reading room or contact me personally.

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Alifia. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Alifia~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:56, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:30, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alifia~enwikibooks


text: User:GuoXia/Table of forms of English Translations of Chinese


text:
User talk:J-b-m

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 02:07, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:J-b-m


text:
User talk:Thecheet123

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
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 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 02:07, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

hello :) how are you

saw theme

title: User talk:Thecheet123


text:
User talk:Daniel86

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 02:07, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Daniel86


text:
Ancient History/China/Introduction

An introduction to China
What differentiates Chinese history from the history of any culture of the world is its sheer magnitude. China is the oldest civilization that has continued an unbroken history into the contemporary world, and its pre-history, still being uncovered by archeologists, goes back at least as far as the famous Peking Man who lived nearly 400,000 years ago. The Chinese Neolithic Period is made unique to archaeologists by the sheer number of tools found littered within the cultural borders of its peoples. So one must always keep in mind that when discussing the history of China, you are discussing, without question, both the largest and longest living of civilizations that you can experience in the 21st century.

But the most remarkable aspect of Chinese history to any student (for the sheer massiveness of it all can prove an intimidating wilderness for any beginner) must be its unrivaled documentation. Chinese culture places an immense value on knowledge of their own history, and so current events have been documented meticulously throughout the country’s lifespan, beginning with the famous, “Records of the Grand Historian,” written in the Han Dynasty under the reign of Emperor Wudi by Sima Qian (who we will discuss later in the chapter on the Han Dynasty). In fact, when in the 1400’s, when in Italy Dante Alighieri and the Western World was concerned with the metaphysical questions enumerated in the “Divine Comedy,” Luo Guangzhong was writing the first novel in China, “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms,” which was itself based on historically accurate events that occurred in China between 190 and 280 AD! Literary works such as these, as well as dry, written annals, serve as guidebooks for the initiate, to lead you through the maze of foreign names and Dynastic cycles. But before we test ourselves against the veritable jungle of Chinese chronology, there are a few key principles to Chinese history that must be understood.

The Basics
Being so well established, Chinese history has certain patterns and principles, outlined and discussed by historians who themselves lived in antiquity, at least from our perspective. The historian/philosopher Zhu Xi, who lived in the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) outlined all of the legitimate dynasties up until his own, saying that only the Zhou, Qin, Han, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties are “proper”, even though the common thought was that there were several more dynasties before that, and several vied for power in the dynastic shifts. He also elaborated that the rulers of Zhou (who were overthrown in civil war) were to be known as merely “kings” not “emperors”. This merely illustrates how central to politics and culture records and histories were to the Chinese people.

But above all of these petty definitional questions rises the one basic principle from which all of Chinese history is derived. It is enumerated in “The Romance of the Three Kingdoms” as both the opening and closing lines. As it reads there, it is:

'“The Empire long divided must unite, long united must divide. Thus has it ever been.”'

The Chinese view of history is a cyclical one, a constant process of dynastic unity, and inevitable civil disarray. The Zhou Dynasty, then the Warring States Period. The Han Dynasty, then the Three Kingdoms Period, and so on and so forth. It could be compared to Hegel's dialectic version of history, save that the Chinese interpretation of the inevitable cycle is a much different one. Chinese history must be viewed by the learner, as we enter this jungle, through the lenses with which the culture looks upon its own history: from the perspective of the cyclical pattern, the cultural pride, and the ubiquitous and imperative striving for a Unified China.

A note on pronunciation
A common theme in any introduction to Chinese history is a discussion of the different English translations you will find of the same words, or names. The historian Sima Qian referred to above may be called by that name, or, under another system, he may be known as Ss'uma Ch'ien.

The two primary systems of English translation of Chinese texts are:
 * The Wade-Giles system, developed in 1867 by Thomas Francis Wade. It was later expanded and improved upon Herbert Alan Giles. This system is used mainly in the early translations of many Chinese texts, which were popular in the mid to late 1800's and early 1900's. This system is often associated with the flowery language of those early translations, and is given a negative connotation for being out of date, and too dry and scholarly for common use outside of academic circles.
 * The Pinyin system. This is the official transliteration system for Chinese to English, and as such, it will be employed in these articles almost exclusively. Any translations done in the Wade-Giles system exist only because no Pinyin counterpart could be found. But in the cases that a reader may have preexisting knowledge and be confused by these translations, or run across other translations in their own research (which we encourage you to do), the table at left should be sufficient to explain the significant differences in the systems.

title: Ancient History/China/Introduction


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IB History of the Americas

Comprehensive Course Syllabus

Chapter 1: The Colonial Period
 * political and economic relationship with the colonial powers: Britain, France, Spain, Portugal, The Netherlands
 * social and economic organization of the immigrant population
 * role of religion in the New World
 * treatment of indigenous peoples
 * the origins of slavery

Chapter 2: Movements of Independence
 * causes—political, economic, social, intellectual, religious—and conflicts leading to war
 * role of outside powers
 * roles of the social classes
 * role of leadership: Washington, Jefferson, Bolívar, San Martín
 * the Declaration of Independence
 * independence of Brazil
 * Haitian Revolution and the Republic: Toussaint L’Ouverture

Chapter 3: Evolution of New Governments and Confederation
 * United States Constitution: Articles of Confederation, philosophical underpinnings, major compromises
 * emergence of political parties in USA to 1830
 * role of the executive and the emergence and rule of Caudillos
 * regionalism and definitions of authority
 * rebellions of 1837: the Durham Report and responsible government in Canada
 * Confederation Period in Canada
 * British North America Act 1867: compromises and unresolved issues, sectionalism, and effects

Chapter 4: Slavery in the Americas
 * conditions of enslavement: adaptation and resistance
 * the pro-slavery arguments
 * insurrections and reactions
 * life of the free African–Americans
 * pro-abolition arguments

Chapter 5: United States Civil War: Causes, Course and Effects
 * political, economic and social causes
 * the course of the war, the role of African–American soldiers, the role of women
 * the impact of the war on society
 * Abraham Lincoln and the role of leadership
 * political, economic and cultural effects
 * Reconstruction and the post-Reconstruction South

Chapter 6: Economic and Social Developments in the Americas from the mid-19th Century to 1919
 * economic modernization: policies, characteristics and effects
 * neocolonialism and dependency
 * industrial developments and their impact on the Americas
 * territorial expansion and evolution of the railroads
 * labour and agrarian movements
 * external and internal population movements: immigrants and indigenous peoples, economic and social effects
 * women and reform

Chapter 7: Political Developments in the Americas from the mid-19th Century to 1919
 * evolution of political institutions and ideological currents and movements
 * progressives
 * foreign and trade relations: Britain and France
 * domestic policies
 * involvement in the First World War
 * African–Americans: Booker T Washington and WEB Dubois
 * role of leadership: Theodore Roosevelt, Woodrow Wilson, John A MacDonald, or a Latin American leader of the candidate’s choice

Chapter 8: Cultural and Intellectual Developments in the Americas from the mid-19th Century to the First World War
 * liberalism, nationalism, positivism, romanticism, social Darwinism
 * the arts, music and literature
 * reform and increase of education
 * technological and scientific developments

Chapter 9: United States Foreign Policy in Latin America, 1898 to 1945
 * background of United States policy
 * the Monroe Doctrine and its redefinitions
 * establishment of spheres of influence, Spanish–American War, the big stick, dollar diplomacy
 * Good Neighbor Policy and wartime alliances, Franklin D Roosevelt
 * Central America, including Panama, Nicaragua and Cuba

Chapter 10: The Mexican Revolution, 1910 to 1940
 * causes and course of the revolution
 * aims and roles of the leaders, including Zapata and Pancho Villa
 * the Constitution of 1917
 * effects: immediate and long term; political, social, economic and cultural
 * role of the USA

Chapter 11: The Great Depression in the Americas
 * impact of the First World War in the Americas
 * economic growth in the 1920s
 * causes of the Depression: United States, Canada, and Latin America
 * impact on society: the changing view of government’s role in the economy; effects on minorities
 * nature and efficacy of solutions: Canada: Mackenzie King and RB Bennett; Latin America: Vargas of Brazil and Concordancia of Argentina; USA: Hoover, Franklin D Roosevelt and the New Deal
 * Import Substitution Industrialisation (ISI) in Latin America: causes and effects

Chapter 12: Canadian Politics in the First Half of the 20th Century
 * French–Canadian nationalism
 * impact of the world wars: conscription, nationalism, sovereignty
 * regionalism and minorities
 * relations with the United States and Britain
 * the Commonwealth of Nations

Chapter 13: Latin American Politics in the First Half of the 20th Century
 * evolution of nationalism, indigenism, and populism
 * role of the military
 * leaders, single-party states and populism: Vargas, Perón
 * nature and effectiveness of dissent

Chapter 14: The Second World War and the Americas
 * hemispheric cooperation or neutrality
 * the role of countries of the region: diplomatic and military
 * the impact of the war on countries of the region
 * the home front: the role of women, impact on minorities
 * treatment of Japanese–Americans and Japanese–Canadians
 * the Americas and the Holocaust
 * the beginning of the atomic age

Chapter 15: Latin American Foreign policy, 1945 to 1995; Canadian Foreign policy, 1945 to 1995
 * relations between the United States and Latin America: influence of ideologies and policies
 * relations between the United States and Canada: ideologies and policies
 * the impact of the Cold War in Latin America
 * the impact of the Cold War in Canada
 * foreign relations

Chapter 16: Political and Economic Developments in the United States After the Second World War
 * developments in the role of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches
 * presidential leadership: Truman to Bush
 * efforts at political and social reform
 * the impact of Vietnam and Watergate
 * economic trends
 * the new conservatism

Chapter 17: United States Foreign Policy, 1945 to 1995
 * origins of the Cold War: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Berlin Blockade and Airlift
 * NATO and the Korean War
 * Eisenhower and Dulles
 * Kennedy: Bay of Pigs, Berlin, Cuban Missile Crisis
 * Johnson, Nixon and Vietnam
 * Nixon–Kissinger policies, détente, relations with China
 * the USA and the Middle East
 * Reagan, Bush and the end of the Cold War

Chapter 18: The USA Civil Rights Movement, 1945 to 1995
 * the rise and expansion of the civil rights movement: causes, legal issues, tactics, Martin Luther King Jr, the March on Washington
 * the changing movement: the Black Panthers, Black Muslims, Black Power and Malcolm X
 * Native-Americans civil rights movement
 * Hispanic–American activism
 * the New Feminism
 * supreme court decisions, key congressional legislation, the response of the executive branch

Chapter 19: Political and Economic developments in Latin America After the Second World War
 * revolutions and their causes and effects: political, economic, social and ideological
 * role of leadership
 * the Cuban Revolution and Castro’s regime
 * economic changes
 * Guatemala, Bolivia, Nicaragua, Chile or a country of the candidate’s choice
 * military regimes: causes and effects
 * return to democracy
 * the role of the Catholic church

Chapter 20: Political and Economic Developments in Canada after the Second World War
 * the role of the government
 * domestic policies
 * resources and obstacles
 * urbanization, industrialization and sectionalism
 * changing trade patterns, the role of foreign investment and transnationals, place in the world economy
 * population growth, social legislation, education

Chapter 21: Changing Societies in the Americas in the 20th Century
 * rise to consciousness: native peoples, Québecois, minorities (ethnic, religious)
 * legal and constitutional remedies and effects
 * changing roles and conditions of women in different regions of the Americas
 * cultural developments: intellectual currents, literature, art, music
 * technology, communications, science and industry, impact on public and private life

Chapter 22: Hemispheric Relations, 1945 to 1995
 * international alliances and organizations, including the Organization of American States (OAS)
 * international development strategies: public and private
 * efforts at regional trade and commodity agreements, Pacto Andino, NAFTA, Mercosur
 * sources of tension, interventionism

Appendix 1: Bibliography

Additional Wikibooks

 * US History

title: IB History of the Americas


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User:Wlod

My name is Wlodzimierz Holsztynski (or: Włodzimierz Holsztyński).

title: User:Wlod


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Template:X86 Disassembly/Stub

''The page of the  Wikibook is a stub. You can help by expanding this section.'' /Stubs

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Talk:Yiddish for Yeshivah Bachurim/Reading Yiddish

The oy vowel
My Yiddish isn't amazing, but I can't think of any words that are pronounced oy by Litvish and aw by Poylish. The only one I'm not sure about is אױס, which is pronounced oys by Litvish, and I can't remember, but may be pronounced aws by Poylish. The other thing which comes close is אױף, which is pronounced awf even by Litvish. If these are the only two words (feel free to name others), then they are an exception to the rule, not the rule, and certainly don't deserve to be the first of the ways of pronouncing ױ. Clum (talk) 15:43, 9 January 2008 (UTC)
 * There are two distinct vowels rendered as וי in Yiddish. A good example is טויב. This word means dove when pronounced tawp (P)/toyb (L) and it means deaf when pronounced toyp (P)/teyb (L).

 * The preposition אויף is indeed an exception: it is pronounced of (P)/af (L).

 * There is also the verbal prefix אויפ- which is pronounced uf- by Litvaks as in ufruf, ufgeregt.

 * You are correct about אױס, but there are many more words like it. Unfortunately, too many Yiddish speakers nowadays never learnt the language from native speakers. For example גענוי

 * Anyway, I am not averse to changing the order.
 * --Redaktor (talk) 11:57, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

polish vav
The value given of the polish single vav is ambiguous ("read" may be the present or past, as they are homographs). The vowel meant by the author is probably the same as in "heat", "beat", "meet", since the past tense of "read" would be more easily given as "red" or some such. However, it should be clarified, and as I'm not familiar with yiddish dialectology I would not be confident editing the page. Telmac (discuss • contribs) 08:18, 2 January 2015 (UTC)


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Operating System Design/Scheduling Processes/Preemption

Preemption as used with respect to operating systems means the ability of the operating system to preempt (that is, stop or pause) a currently scheduled task in favour of a higher priority task. The resource being scheduled may be the processor or I/O, among others.

Non-preemptability arises, for instance, when handling an interrupt. In this case, scheduling is avoided until the interrupt is handled.

The schedulers used in most modern operating systems, such as various flavours of Unix, can preempt user processes. This is called preemptive multitasking, and is in contrast to cooperative multitasking wherein a process "gives away" its time by utilizing kernel resources or by specifically calling a kernel routine to allow other processes time to run.

History
Some operating systems' schedulers (including Linux as of the 2.6 series) have the ability to preempt a process while it is processing a system call as well (a preemptible kernel).

Sinclair QDOS was the first preemptive multitasking system available for home users (1984). Other preemptive operating systems include AmigaOS, the Windows NT family (also XP or Vista), Linux, *BSD, and Mac OS X. Examples of cooperative operating systems include Windows for Workgroups (also known as Windows 3.1 or 95), NetWare, and Mac OS versions 9.x.

Linux kernels prior to Linux 2.6 were also nonpreemptive, but later releases implemented the preemptive model. Several commercial versions of UNIX are preemptive, including Solaris and IRIX.

Analogy
The person currently at the cashier may be interrupted and have to wait for another customer before finishing.

Implementation
In the Linux kernel, the scheduler is called after each timer interrupt (that is, quite a few times per second). It determines what process to run next based on a variety of factors, including priority, time already run, etc. The implementation of preemption in other kernels is likely to be similar.

Advantages and Disadvantages
Making a scheduler preemptible has the advantage of better system responsiveness and scalability, but comes with the disadvantage of race conditions (where the executing process accesses the same resource before another preempted process finished using it).

Round-robin pre-emptive scheduling
The simplest pre-emptive scheduling algorithm is round-robin. The round-robin scheduler keeps all the runnable processes in a circular queue. Every time the hardware timer interrupts the currently-running process, (or when that process voluntarily gives up control), the scheduler puts that process at the back of the queue. Then the scheduler fetches the process at the head of the queue and runs it.

Priority Pre-emptive Scheduling
(FIXME: consider splitting this section out to a separate "Priority Pre-emptive Scheduling" page)

Nearly all modern operating systems use priority pre-emptive scheduling.

Most real-time computer systems use fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling -- usually rate-monotonic scheduling or deadline monotonic scheduling.

fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling
rate monotonic scheduling: a job with a lower frequency of activation is assigned a lower priority than (and so is pre-empted by) all jobs with a higher frequency of activation. RMS will always meet deadlines if the CPU utilization is less than $$\ln 2 \approx 0.693147\ldots$$.

deadline monotonic scheduling: a job's priority is inversely proportional to its relative deadline. (Deadline monotonic scheduling becomes equivalent to rate monotonic scheduling in the special case where each job's relative deadline is equal to its period).

dynamic priority pre-emptive scheduling
earliest-deadline first scheduling: a job's priority is inversely proportional to its absolute deadline. The difference between deadline monotonic scheduling and earliest-deadline first scheduling is that DM is a static priority algorithm, EDF is a dynamic priority algorithm. EDF can guarantee that all deadlines are met provided that the total CPU utilization is less than $$1$$.

fixed vs dynamic vs round-robin
Dynamic priority algorithms have the advantage that they can successfully schedule some job sets (i.e., not miss any deadlines) that cause static priority algorithms to fail (i.e., miss deadlines).

Fixed priority algorithms have the advantage over dynamic priority algorithms that if the system experiences an overload at a certain priority level -- so many jobs are scheduled at that priority that it's impossible for any scheduler to meet all their deadlines -- fixed priority schedulers can still guarantee that all higher-priority jobs will still be scheduled and still meet their deadlines. Fixed priority algorithms also have the advantage that they are easier to implement.

People who implement priority-based schedulers need to worry about two potential problems:
 * process starvation: If one process requests all of the CPU time it can get -- because of an accidental overload or malicious denial-of-service attack -- all lower-priority processes will be locked out.
 * priority inversion: (FIXME:)

Round-robin schedulers have the advantage that those priority-related problems cannot occur.

mixed scheduling
Some schedulers implement some mixture of the above scheduling algorithms.

Adaptive partition schedulers uses priority-based scheduling when the system isn't under full CPU load, but also guarantee that even low-priority services get some minimum amount of CPU time even when the system is heavily loaded using a round-robin-like algorithm.

Many real-time systems have a lowest-priority "background task" that does not have any hard real-time deadline, and the system only runs it in the otherwise idle spare time left over after all the realtime tasks are done.

Some of those systems use "dual kernels", with an entire general-purpose OS such as Linux with its own scheduler running as a single lowest-priority task on top of a hard real-time kernel. (When the realtime kernel uses rate monotonic scheduling, that non-real-time task is guaranteed to get at least $$0.3$$ of the CPU time).

interrupt latency
In addition to the timer tick interrupt, most systems have other hardware interrupts. (FIXME: something about critical sections) (FIXME: something about deterministic response times vs. jitter) (FIXME: something about streaming audio data?) The worst-case interrupt latency is at least the length of the longest critical section in the kernel.

Some high-availability operating systems support virtual device drivers -- the amount of code that runs with the highest priority and directly manipulates hardware, such as interrupt service routines, is minimized; and most of the device driver work is handled in user space by a second-level interrupt handler. (FIXME: possibly something about hardware interrupts triggering first-level interrupt handlers, and the timer tick interrupt running the scheduler which may in turn run a second-level interrupt handler? Or is this already covered by Embedded Systems/Interrupts ?)

We talk more about various hardware interrupts in a later chapter, Operating System Design/Processes/Interrupt.

hard real-time scheduler
Many computer systems are designed to accept new tasks at any time. If there is only one task running -- or if all the other tasks fit into the times when that task couldn't do anything useful because it is waiting for the disk to spin, the network card to finish a packet, etc -- then that task finishes in some minimum amount of time. But as other tasks are added to the system which preempt that task, wall-clock time required for the system to finish the task becomes unbounded. (FIXME: say something about "starvation-free" here)

Hard real-time computer systems are designed to deliberately refuse to accept new tasks. Programmers carefully design real-time tasks in such a way that is relatively easy to calculate the worst-case runtime (i.e., avoiding the halting problem). Given that runtime, the desired deadline for the task, and the task itself, one can use rate-monotonic analysis to decide if, after adding that task to all the other tasks already added to a system, it is possible to not only meet the desired deadline for this task but also continue to meet all the desired deadlines for all those previous tasks -- and if it's not possible to guarantee that all those deadlines will continue to be met, refuse to accept that new task. Some people build systems that allow new tasks to be presented to the system, and design the system to automatically do RMA analysis, and then the system decides whether or not to accept this new task. Other people manually do RMA by hand to decide which tasks to allow in a system, and then hard-wire the system to only run those tasks -- these systems are much simpler.

People who build hard real-time systems think that occasionally refusing to accept some new task is well worth the guarantee that all previous tasks will still meet their deadlines.


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User talk:Heronumbazero

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 16:22, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

IB History of the Americas/Chapter 5

 * And also for the rest of the chapters. If these are placeholders you'll actually fill soon, let me know & I'll remove the templates. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 17:23, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Heronumbazero


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User talk:Fmindlin~enwikibooks

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:36, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Fmindlin. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Fmindlin~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:12, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:59, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fmindlin~enwikibooks


text: Category:User yi

title: Category:User yi


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Human Anatomy/Terminology and Organization

Anatomy is "the science of the structure of living organisms" so human anatomy is the science of the structure of the human body. This wikibook will hopefully give you a good understanding of what your body is made of and of how it develops. Strictly speaking, how the body functions is physiology. Despite this fact, it is almost impossible to explain anatomy without going into some physiology and vice versa so some physiological concepts will be introduced in this book.

There are two types of anatomy: gross, or macroscopic, and microscopic. Gross anatomy deals with things that can be viewed by the unaided eye. Microscopic anatomy is the study of structures on the cellular level. There are, in turn, 3 fields of study within the topic of gross anatomy. These are surface anatomy, the study of external anatomical forms and markings; regional anatomy, which focuses on a certain region of the body (both internal and external); and systemic anatomy, which focuses on a given organ system. Within microscopic anatomy, there are two topics of study which are of great importance: cytology, the study of cells; and histology, the study of tissue.

Standard Anatomical Position
For positional terminology to make sense, a standard anatomical position has to be established. In human anatomy, the standard anatomical position is supine (lying down face up). The legs are straight and together, or slightly separated. The arms are straight out along the torso with the palms of the hands upward. The arms are separated slightly from the torso. The thumbs point away from the body.

Terminology
In order to talk about anatomy, some terms need to be understood. The terms can be divided into positional terms and descriptive terms. Positional terms help in locating structures by giving precise descriptions of relations (which eliminates the need to specify in what position the subject is). An easy example is superior, which means above or on top of when the subject is upright: The human head is superior to the torso. It cannot be said that the head is above the torso if the person is lying down. Descriptive terms can give varied information.

Descriptions of General Position
Superior and Inferior

The terms superior and inferior are used when referring to parts of the body which are toward an end of the body. Superior meaning toward the head and inferior meaning toward the feet. Toward an end does not necessarily mean close to the end. For example, the bowels are inferior to the lungs. This does not mean that the bowels are close to the feet nor does it mean the converse (that the lungs are close to the head). It simply means that the lungs are closer to the head than the bowels. Cranial and caudal have the same meaning as superior and inferior, respectively, but are used in reference to animal, rather than human, anatomy.

Anterior and Posterior

Anterior refers to the side of the body facing up in the standard anatomical position. Posterior refers to the bottom side. Like superior and inferior, these do not necessarily mean that the parts they are describing are close to the front or back of the body, they simply explain relative positions. Dorsal and ventral are sometimes used in place of anterior and posterior, respectively. These are mostly used with animal anatomy, but can be used in human anatomy as long as they are describing the side of an appendage.

Lateral and Medial

Lateral is a word used to describe anything which is closer to the outside (toward the arms, in the standard anatomical position) while medial is used to describe anything toward the center of the body.

Superficial and Deep

Superficial is a used to describe structures that are closer to the exterior surface of the body. Deep refers to structures closer to the center of the body region. For example, skin is superficial to bones, and bones are deep to skin.

Proximal and Distal

Proximal and distal are terms that describe one point relative to another. Proximal refers to a point closer to the reference point while distal refers to a point farther away. For example, the metacarpals are distal to the carpus.

Dorsal and Ventral

Dorsal refers to a structure closer to the back of an organism while ventral refers to a point closer to the abdomen; these descriptors are generally used in animal anatomy in place of posterior and anterior, respectively.

Other Directional Terms
Ipsilateral and Contralateral

Ipsilateral refers to two parts that are on the same side of a given reference point. For example, it could be said that the left arm and left leg are ipsilateral to one another with respect to the midsagittal plane. Contralateral is the inverse; the left arm and right leg are contralateral to one another with respect to the midsagittal plane.

Axial and Abaxial

Axial refers to a point close to the midsagittal plane while abaxial refers to a point farther away from the midsagittal plane.

Intermediate

Between two points. For example, the knee is intermediate between the gluteal and the foot.

Visceral

The term visceral refers to any system or point that contacts organs. For example, the visceral peritoneum is in direct contact with the abdominal organs.

Parietal

Conversely, parietal refers to the outer membrane of a system. For example, the parietal pericardium lines the pericardial cavity.


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The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Brooks FV

“A Master Craftsman” (WH), September 18, 1912
''Born, some sixty years ago, to a sturdy Radical whose father was a Chartist, Mr. Brooks was in due course sent to the High School, Bishop’s Stortford, then under Dr. Godfrey Goodman, where he became head boy of the school, when Cecil Rhodes and Dr. E.A. Beck (present Principal of Trinity Hall, Cambridge) were there. He is still, like Father O’Flynn, “learned in Divinity, also Latinity.”''

''A more serious part of his life has been spent in hardy exercises, which may account for his present outrageous health. He rowed, and was for many years captain of the old West London Rowing Club, for which he helped to win the Thames Cup at Henley in 1876. He also won sculling races until he grew well known on the river as “Daddy.”''

He has swum with success, and has run without it; has taken much part in amateur theatricals; and his Sir Peter Teazle, played to Miss Compton’s Lady Teazle, is still remembered.

''In 1868 Mr. Thomas Gibson Bowles invented this Journal -- the first of its kind -- and a month or two later its first cartoon appeared, that of Mr. Benjamin Disraeli. Mr. Brooks has been connected with Vanity Fair ever since, and is still, as a lithographer, producing its counterfeit presentments of eminent men.''

Is given to literary effort; has often contributed to the columns of VANITY FAIR and other journals; has been entrusted with the articles on lithography and sun-copying in the new edition of the “Encyclopaedia Britainnica,” and having considerable arbitration experience, he might with advantage have been included in the National Arbitration Committee on Trade Disputes.

He is not only a master-craftsman and a good speaker, but is a man altogether full of information, whose word is always believed, for he is as “straight” as he is modest.

A fair raconteur, a listener of quality, as Charles Lamb says of his father in his “Essays of Elia,” he is just such a companion as Mr. Isaac Walton would have chosen to go a-fishing with.

Frederick Vincent Brooks (1848-1921) rowed for the West London R.C. in the Diamonds in 1874 and the Thames Challenge Cup in 1874-76.

Vincent Brooks, his father, was a pioneering lithographer on whose expertise Bowles built Vanity Fair. In 1856, Brooks began reproducing old master paintings for the Arundel Society, an effort described as “the most important non-commercial application of chromolithography” in the country at the time. Eleven years later his firm acquired Day & Son, lithographers to the Queen, who had just brought chromolithography to the periodical press by publishing the Chromolithography Journal. Yet as of the founding of Vanity Fair in late 1868, the new technique had not been used with portrait caricature in England, since the well-established Punch used only wood engravings. Thus in announcing Vanity Fair ’s forthcoming “Pictorial Wares of an entirely novel character” in January 1869, Bowles could as well have been describing the work of Vincent Brooks, Day & Son, the best and most expensive lithographers available, as the new portraits chargés of Carlo Pellegrini. By “exploiting the process of chromolithography and wedding it to a new kind of visual humour,” concluded art critic Bernard Denvir, Vanity Fair “helped to bring about a revolution in taste, preparing the way for the acceptance of less strictly representational art forms and breaching the fortifications of academic realism” with “a new kind of accessible imagery; coloured, vivacious, topical, cheap.”

Frederick Vincent Brooks was nineteen or twenty when Vanity Fair carried its first caricature, Pellegrini’s rendering of Benjamin Disraeli for the January 30, 1869 issue. If Brooks was working for his father at the time, as Vanity Fair ’s 1912 biography says, then he had a longer running connection with the magazine than did anyone else (including “Spy,” Leslie Ward, who first came to work in 1873 and left in 1911). His connection might well have been shorter, had the owners and editors not clung to the weekly lithograph and eschewed other forms of illustration, well after photography had become widespread in the popular press.

Rowing Pictures
Artists who recorded nineteenth-century rowing sometimes strayed from photographic fidelity, presumably because they either knew no better (not being oarsmen themselves) or enjoyed artistic license (say, to show crews close together just to fit them in the frame or to make the race seem more exciting than it was). Woodgate complained some had originally been drawn as they lay unmanned, and therefore were shown two planks too high out of the water when oarsmen were painted in after the fact. Unlike the Illustrated London News, the Graphic, or other Victorian journals, Vanity Fair never published any etchings or other renderings of rowing, though it did carry a photograph in 1908 of Leander beating the Belgians in the London Olympics. Nevertheless, under Woodgate’s pen, Vanity Fair gave no quarter to the inaccuracies in other journals’ pictures:

Vanity Fair (July 16, 1896)

''The river cripple, who abounds at Henley, may generally be known by his attire: a starched shirt, a high collar, tie in a bow -- worn while rowing -- flannels, and a belt. The latter seems de rigeur with these creatures, and is their trade-mark. Needless to mention, no Rowing Club man uses a belt, and, moreover, when seated at oars or sculls, loosens his waistband or buttons to allow free swing to his body. A picture in The Daily Graphic depicting the “Grand” final is very true to life as regards Henley bounders, starched and belted. It is apparently taken from a photo of some scene on the course, and the racing crews afterwards inserted by hand. The eights are impossible, and never were in a photo; but the men in small boats and ashore are perfect samples of Henley louts. There is just one Rowing Club man in the distance, in workmanlike costume; all the rest look as if just off the shop-board.''

Vanity Fair (July 11, 1906)

''Talking of Henley, I trust I am not supercritical if I reason gently with Mr. Matania, whose picture appeared last week in the Sphere. He represents two “fours” with coxswains. Four-oar boats at Henley are steered by the foot of one of the crew, and not by coxswains. There was an exception this year in a sporting military match, Sappers v. Gunners; but this was in Thursday, and Mr. Matania depicts Tuesday.''

''Again, the launch following the crews is represented as a crowded pleasure steamer with a cabin. The long, low racing launch, on which the umpire and one or two friends stand, is not thus fitted. A punt with large fixed wooden rowlocks is an unusual innovation. That there were no pleasure craft whatever on the towpath side when the race took place is strange; and where are the posts and booms?''

title: The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Brooks FV


text:
The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Eaton HF

“Brown” (Spy), October 31, 1891
''Henry William Eaton, who made money in the silk trade, helped to manage Insurance Companies and to legislate at the bidding of Coventry, and dabbled in Geography and Horticulture, became the first Lord Cheylesmore in the fiftieth year of his Queen’s reign. He also had three sons, of whom the third, born nearly four-and-forty years ago, and named Herbert Francis, went to Eton to be re-named “Cheeky Eaton.” At twenty he joined the Grenadiers, and, going to Dublin, was by his brother officers called “Brown” -- a name by which he has been known ever since. Being a good soldier, an industrious fellow, and quite enthusiastic in all that he does, he attained his Colonelcy and became a Peer’s son in the same year; and he is now in command of that 2nd Battalion of the Grenadier Guards which he has just brought back from a well-deserved, if enforced, holiday in Bermuda.''

''He is a good all-round sportsman who drives his father’s team well; but though a fair shot, he is sometimes a little too eager to get birds. He has thrown himself heart and soul into most things connected with the Brigade; and the Boat Club and Racing Club would miss him as much as he would be missed from an Ascot luncheon. He has commanded the N.R.A. camp at Wimbledon and Bisley for seven years; yet withal he has found time to start and successfully edit The Brigade of Guards Magazine. He is a very good and very popular Colonel.''

He had a narrow escape from degenerating into a politician four years ago, when he was only saved from becoming a Tory Member of Parliament by sixteen gallant Coventry voters.

“Arms and Sport” (Ray), July 17, 1912
''Born some sixty years ago, he has spent more than half of his life soldiering. Did most of it in the “Grannies,” and was made major-general in 1899.''

Always a rare man in the Army to “organise and organise and organise,” and left his mark on the Tournament when things were none too bright in that quarter.

''Since retiring has found “employment on return to civil life” -- fine old official phrase that! -- in helping along all sorts of deserving institutions, among others the L.C.C., of which he is now chairman.''

Does it all just as easily as he handles the ribbons when driving his team of bays at a meet of the Four-in-Hand Club.

Collects medals -- well-won war ones -- and has about the finest “aggregate” ever put in cases.

Also boats -- these he does not collect -- but uses to row in.

Shoots anything -- has done so since he had a pop for Eton in the Ashburton in 1866.

Has shot for the House of Lords since 1906, and would have shot for the Commons if he had not scored an “outer” at Coventry election in 1887.

Known to his intimates as “Brown,” he is never happier than when the boys have their week at Bisley, and he can devote a portion of his well-earned holidays to “teaching the young idea to shoot.”

Loves rifle shooting as much as marksmen like him -- which is indeed saying a very great deal.

Has done more to advance the “nation of marksmen” ideal than any other nobleman in the country.

Makes a very neat and nippy after-dinner speech -- always keeping his “few words” well on the target.

A man of infinite capacity and charming personality, whose sterling qualities of head and heart have made him many friends and never an enemy.

Herbert Francis Eaton (1848-1925) won the Eton House Fours in 1866 at bow for Mr. Warre’s house, and rowed for the 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards in the 1877 Grand.

He first appeared in Vanity Fair as commander of the 2nd Battalion, which he had “just brought back from a well-deserved, if enforced, holiday in Bermuda.” As some curious punishment, the entire battalion had been sent to that terrible place for a year following “an act of insubordination.”

Following his 1912 appearance, Eaton (who had by then inherited the baronetcy from his brother) returned to the military during the 1914-18 war to preside over courts martial in espionage and other cases. He died in 1925 of injuries received in a motor accident, the first Vanity Fair rower to meet his end in that modern fashion.

Oarsmen at War
Of the fifty-nine rowers of Vanity Fair, seventeen served in the armed forces in wartime: two in the Sudan (Compton and Grenfell (as a journalist)), four in the South African war (Chapman, Compton, McLean, and Fletcher), and fourteen in the 1914-18 war (Lord Ampthill, Bourne, Chapman, Crum, Dudley-Ward, Eaton, Fletcher, Fogg-Elliot, Gold, Guinness, Nickalls, W.F.D. Smith, Stuart, and Swann). In his autobiography, The Sunlit Hours, T.A. Cook recalled W.A.L. Fletcher in South Africa:

''When the South African War broke out, at a period when many of us at home were without sufficient information to understand the many surrenders which were taking place, we were all suddenly cheered up by news of Lieutenant Fletcher at Hamelfontein. On December 17 he was in command of twenty men of the 32nd Company Imperial Yeomanry (Lancashire Hussars), two of Nesbitt’s Horse, and nine Grenadier Guardsmen, a miscellaneous force responsible for the safety of a valuable depot of rations about twenty miles from Colesberg. The patrol he sent out very early in the morning never came back. At half-past ten the Boers made a strong attack, when Fletcher was half a mile away from camp. He ran back, rushed the men to their stations, sent off reinforcements to an outlying picket, and galloped off to them himself some hundred yards under fire. Luckily he never got there, for when his horse had been shot under him he reached a small kopje in time to see them smothered by the enemy’s advance and a man captured who had run to their assistance. One of the men he had left was wounded, but Fletcher disposed his twenty-three rifles to repel the attack. Another named Stevenson volunteered to run the gauntlet and get help. He raced pluckily through the zone of fire only to ride straight into the Boer reinforcements, which now began to come up and close in upon every commanding kopje round the little camp.''

''By slow degrees Fletcher and his twenty-two men, reduced gradually to only sixteen, were driven back from their outlying kopjes to the sluits, and from the sluits to the irrigation ditches. The enemy had gradually increased to between 200 and 250, and twice they sent in to demand surrender, mentioning something about cannon the second time. Fletcher refused; and all his men stood by him though the foe had got to within 15 yd., and a rush was momentarily expected. But it never came. For eleven and a half hours the fight went on. At last each man took a room to himself, barricaded every door, and waited at the window with fixed bayonets. A desperate and heavy rowing-man at a window with a bayonet is not a pleasant thing to face, and the enemy preferred the cover of the sluits and bushes. At last the Boers sent in to ask if a couple of their wounded would be admitted. Fletcher took them in, but their hurts were mortal. By the morning the discouraged enemy had disappeared, carrying off the rest of their wounded and leaving two dead upon the field.''

“They could not last the course,” he wrote home to Sir John Edwards-Moss in England.

title: The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Eaton HF


text:
XForms/Suggesting Items

Motivation
You have a text field that the users types text into. You want to show a list of possible suggested items as the user types. This feature is also known as autocomplete.

Method
Use a standard input control and set the incremental="true" attribute. Use the xforms-value-changed event to trigger a submission that puts possible values in a list. When the user select a value from the suggestion list it will replace the text value in the field.

We will also add a bind rule so that the selection view will only be visible if there is at least one suggested item.

This program depends on a server-side REST web service that you pass in a single parameter "prefix" such as the following that returns recipe ingredients that begin with ba:

This program returns an XML file that is restricted to the suggested ingredients that begin with the prefix passed to the XQuery web service:

Screen Image
The following example shows that as the user types in the letter "c", a list of possible ingredients instantly appears in the right column. The user can continue typing and the list will be restriced to the suggestions that start with the letters typed. When the user selects an item it will fill in the prior selected field.

Link to XForms Application
NOTE: To get this program to run you will first have to add our server to the XForms "Trusted Sites" list.

To do this in FireFox, go to your Tools/Options/Security menu and add www.cems.uwe.ac.uk and googlecode.com to your allowed sites list. This allows the form (loaded from the googlecode domain) to pull data from the server at www.cems.uwe.ac.uk.

After you do this click the link below:

Load XForms Application

Sample Program

<xf:instance id="log"> </xf:instance>

<xf:action ev:event="xforms-ready"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="'xforms-ready'"/> <xf:setfocus control="field-1"/> </xf:action> </xf:model> Suggest Event Test <xf:input ref="instance('my-form')/element[1]" incremental="true" id="field-1"> <xf:label>Term 1:</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMFocusIn"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="'Focus into input 1'"/> </xf:action> <xf:action ev:event="xforms-value-changed"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="'Value changed in input 1'"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('suggest-query')/prefix" value="instance('my-form')/element[1]"/> <xf:send submission="get-suggestions"/> </xf:action> <xf:action ev:event="DOMFocusOut"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="'Out of input 1'"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('selected-word')/calling-element" value="'1'"/> </xf:action> </xf:input>

<xf:input ref="instance('my-form')/element[2]" incremental="true" id="field-2"> <xf:label>Term 2:</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMFocusIn"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="'FocusIn input 2'"/> </xf:action> <xf:action ev:event="xforms-value-changed"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="'Value changed in input 2'"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('suggest-query')/prefix" value="instance('my-form')/element[2]"/> <xf:send submission="get-suggestions"/> </xf:action> <xf:action ev:event="DOMFocusOut"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="'FocusOut input 2'"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('selected-word')/calling-element" value="2"/> </xf:action> </xf:input>

<xf:input ref="instance('my-form')/element[3]" incremental="true" id="field-3"> <xf:label>Term 3:</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMFocusIn"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="'FocusIn input 3'"/> </xf:action> <xf:action ev:event="xforms-value-changed"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="'Value changed in input 3'"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('suggest-query')/prefix" value="instance('my-form')/element[3]"/> <xf:send submission="get-suggestions"/> </xf:action> <xf:action ev:event="DOMFocusOut"> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('selected-word')/calling-element" value="'3'"/> </xf:action> </xf:input>

<xf:group ref="instance('conditional-views')/suggest-view"> suggestions: <xf:repeat id="results-repeat" nodeset="instance('suggest-results')/ingredient"> <xf:trigger> <xf:label> <xf:output ref="."/> </xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="concat('Clicked on a suggestion word:',                               instance('suggest-results')/word[index('results-repeat')])"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('my-form')/element[number(instance('selected-word')/calling-element)]" value="instance('suggest-results')/ingredient[index('results-repeat')]"/> </xf:action> </xf:trigger> </xf:repeat> </xf:group> <xf:output ref="instance('selected-word')/calling-element"><xf:label>Prior-field: </xf:label></xf:output>

Event Log <xf:repeat id="log-repeat" nodeset="instance('log')/event"> <xf:output ref="."/> </xf:repeat>

Discussion
The above example also has several lines of event logging that can be removed in a production application.

As the user is typing and they see a suggestion they like in the suggestion view they will click on the suggested item trigger. When the focus moves out of the field we must keep track of the element that they just left. This is done by the following:

This example attempts to reuse the selection functions for many elements. To do this we have to get the items selected into the right field. In this example we just set an integer value for the element.

Although this works if all your elements have the same element name you will have to replace the last setvalue with an equivalent string expression if you have many complex items in a form that need suggested values.

Setting the Field Value
The following action is used when the use clicks on suggestion:

The first two values are only for logging. The last setvalue sets the field of the element that has the calling-element value. So for the second element the value would be instance('my-form')/element[2].

Sample XQuery
As an example XQuery, we have a collection of "Term" elements with "TermName" subelements. The following XQuery is use for our server side script. If you use eXist just place it in the same collection as the form and call it "suggest-item.xq"

Link to Non-logging XForms Application
Load Non-logging XForms Application

Version with no logging
</xf:instance> <xf:instance xmlns="" id="conditional-views"> </xf:instance>

<xf:bind nodeset="instance('conditional-views')/suggest-view" relevant="count(instance('suggest-results')//ingredient) > 1"/>

<xf:instance id="suggest-query"> </xf:instance>

<xf:instance xmlns="" id="selected-word"> </xf:instance>

<xf:instance id="suggest-results" xmlns=""> </xf:instance>

<xf:submission id="get-suggestions" action="http://www.cems.uwe.ac.uk/xmlwiki/XForms/suggest-ingredient.xq" method="get" separator="&" ref="instance('suggest-query')" replace="instance" instance="suggest-results"> </xf:submission>

<xf:instance id="log"> </xf:instance>

<xf:action ev:event="xforms-ready"> <xf:setfocus control="field-1"/> </xf:action> </xf:model> Suggest Event Test <xf:input ref="instance('my-form')/element[1]" incremental="true" id="field-1"> <xf:label>Term 1:</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="xforms-value-changed"> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('suggest-query')/prefix" value="instance('my-form')/element[1]"/> <xf:send submission="get-suggestions"/> </xf:action> <xf:action ev:event="DOMFocusOut"> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('selected-word')/calling-element" value="'1'"/> </xf:action> </xf:input>

<xf:input ref="instance('my-form')/element[2]" incremental="true" id="field-2"> <xf:label>Term 2:</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="xforms-value-changed"> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('suggest-query')/prefix" value="instance('my-form')/element[2]"/> <xf:send submission="get-suggestions"/> </xf:action> <xf:action ev:event="DOMFocusOut"> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('selected-word')/calling-element" value="2"/> </xf:action> </xf:input>

<xf:input ref="instance('my-form')/element[3]" incremental="true" id="field-3"> <xf:label>Term 3:</xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="xforms-value-changed"> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('suggest-query')/prefix" value="instance('my-form')/element[3]"/> <xf:send submission="get-suggestions"/> </xf:action> <xf:action ev:event="DOMFocusOut"> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('selected-word')/calling-element" value="'3'"/> </xf:action> </xf:input>

<xf:group ref="instance('conditional-views')/suggest-view"> suggestions: <xf:repeat id="results-repeat" nodeset="instance('suggest-results')/ingredient"> <xf:trigger> <xf:label> <xf:output ref="."/> </xf:label> <xf:action ev:event="DOMActivate"> <xf:insert nodeset="instance('log')/event" at="last" position="after"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('log')/event[last]" value="concat('Clicked on a suggestion word:', instance('suggest-results')/word[index('results-repeat')])"/> <xf:setvalue ref="instance('my-form')/element[number(instance('selected-word')/calling-element)]" value="instance('suggest-results')/ingredient[index('results-repeat')]"/> </xf:action> </xf:trigger> </xf:repeat> </xf:group>

Using Minimal Trigger Appearance
If you do not like the appearance of the button in the trigger you can add the appearance="minimal" attribute to the trigger element.

The following CSS will reverse the background and font colors when the user hovers over the trigger:

Preventing Null Searches
XForms 1.1 added the conditional event attribute. You can use this to only request an suggestion from the server if the element is at least one character long.

Discussion
The functionality of suggesting items is contained in the Orbeon Autocomplete component Orbon XBL Autocomplete

XSLTForms has an example that uses the JSON results from Wikipedia search to suggest pages: XSLT Autocomplete example

title: XForms/Suggesting Items


text:
The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Bankes JE

“Good Form” (Spy), March 29, 1906
''Mr. John Eldon Bankes is, like Mr. Roosevelt, an advocate of the strenuous life. For an Eton boy he was singularly unassuming; and, when the aquatic honour of rowing for his school in the Henley of ‘72 was bestowed upon him, Johnny still preserved his modesty of demeanor. The same year found him at “Univ.,” and in 1875 he was given a place in the Oxford crew that rowed a winning race against their rival University. He was secretary to the O.U.B.C. and president of the Eton Club and Vincents.''

''His paternal great-grandfather having been a Lord Chancellor, and his maternal grandfather a Lord Chief Justice, he was forced by heredity into the law. Entering the Inner Temple, he was a pupil of the present Lord Chief Justice. His legal career has been smooth and triumphant. He took silk with a diffidence that was not appropriate to the occasion. His practice is very large, and he has not an enemy to grudge him his good fortune. His recent appointment to be a Fellow of Eton College gave equal pleasure to his old schoolfellows and to himself.''

''Had the women and children of the Flintshire boroughs been voters, Mr. Bankes would now have enjoyed the questionable honour -- in this Parliament, at least -- of writing M.P. after his name. But the effervescence of his opponent overbore the logic of his speeches. He married in ‘82, and has been blessed with a quiverful. He is loved as a landlord, and his pheasants are as lofty as any in Wales. He conducts his cases like a courteous gentleman, and is a standard of legal good form. His charming manners and handsome face will adorn the Bench no less admirably than they have ornamented the Bar.''

Aside from the Eton and Boat Race rowing mentioned above, John Eldon Bankes (1854-1946) won the Visitors’ at Henley for University College, Oxford in 1875 and 1876, and rowed in the Stewards’ (1875, for University College) and the Grand (1876, for the “Oxford Mixture” of Brasenose and University). At Oxford, he was head of the river in 1874 and 1875, and won the University Fours in 1873 and 1875.

After his unsuccessful run for Parliament in 1905, Bankes practised law another five years before being appointed to the High Court in 1910 where, according to his Times obituary, he proved “patient, unprejudiced, and, moreover, knew the rules of the game.” He moved to the Court of Appeal in 1915, retiring in 1927. “There have been more learned Judges, but few, if any, have won such universal admiration and respect.”

Henley Society and House Boats
From the early 1870s through the late 1880s, Vanity Fair reported virtually no rowing. Woodgate was off the case. Only Henley attracted notice, and then purely for its social appeal, which had risen steadily and made the place the late-June destination for luxurious house-boats that would moor alongside the course during regatta week. “At first the house-boat was a floating structure of small proportions and humble pretensions -- the home of some artist or some devoted lover of the Thames who had become tired of camping out,” recalled an anonymous journalist. “But the possibilities of the thing were soon gauged by those to whom money was not very much of an object.”

Vanity Fair, July 12, 1884:

''Henley Regatta was a great success this year. Seldom has there been finer weather for this most important gathering of oarsmen, and the crowds that came up from all parts were unprecedented. The limpid stream was simply alive with craft of every kind and description, and the blaze of colours all adown the silver reach was dazzling. House-boats, barges, steamers, and little launches lay moored in happy mixture along the Bucks shore, rivalling in their brilliancy the gay panorama that stretched away on the Berkshire meadows opposite. The Isthmian Club was enormously patronised, and certainly presented a most inviting appearance. Here lunch went on all day; and cosy little parties wandered about the enclosure, listening to the beautiful strains of the Hungarian Band, or resting themselves under the shady trees of Phyllis Court, whence a splendid view of the racing could be obtained. Coaches thronged the bridge far up the reach, and the scene was altogether beautiful.''

June 30, 1888:

''I am glad to see that Henley Regatta will once more spread over the three days. From the number of house-boats that are daily being towed up river, I should imagine that the fixture will be a very brilliant one. All the crews in training will be located in the town by Monday, when the usual pretty spectacle will begin. From my own point of view, I always think that the two days preceding the Regatta are more enjoyable than the actual festivities. There is then a spirit of laissez-faire amongst those who do not contend for the medals, and the quaint old town, made gay with a hundred pretty flags and a hundred bright coats, has an indescribably soothing charm. In the evening, too, one may float down steam in a canoe or punt, watching the many coloured lamps darting and glinting upon the lapping wavelets, and listening to the subdued music from the house-boats. The whole thing is original, and contrasts well with the noisy bellowings of blackened rascals and the ceaseless echo of the cork which mark the Regatta itself.''

. . ..

''Some of the house-boats this year are singularly gorgeous. The Dolce-far-niente is a bank of flowers, and the Happy Land a bower of roses. Life on these boats has its advantages in capitals during the Regatta Week.''

The Leander Club is again quartered upon Temple Island, and the Isthmians will repeat all their games in the meadow to the music of the Red Hungarian.

''In addition to the special day trains to be run from Paddington each morning of the Regatta, the G.W.R. have made arrangements for the issue of special Regatta tickets, available for the three days, as well as the day tickets available for both Henley and Marlow Regattas. Marlow Regatta, as usual, follows Henley, being dated for the 7th, 8th, and 9th July.''

title: The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Bankes JE


text:
The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Compton AF

“North Bedfordshire” (Spy), April 3, 1902
''Born in the year of the Crimean War, he is naturally warlike; as he has shown in the Bedfordshire Yeomanry (of which he is Major) and in the House of Commons (to which he was returned by the Biggleswadians of Bedfordshire some years ago). For he has served with Compton’s Horse in South Africa, and has earned Mention in Despatches in spite of the fact that he is the third son of the fourth Marquess of Northampton. Naturally, of course, he joined the Foot Guards when he left Eton; and thence he migrated to the 10th Hussars and served in the Soudan Campaign of 1884-5 (when he got a Medal and a Star). As a wholesome Unionist, he began his political life by turning out the great G.W.R. (author of “Chestnuts”) from the representation of the Biggleswade onions [sic]; but between whiles he turned his sword into a Stock Exchange Year-Book, and still pervades Capel Court when not legislating for Bedfordshire. It is true that he does not often address Mr. Speaker, but, being goaded into action by the Leader of the House on the Vote of Censure, he lately read an edifying speech to the alleged Leader of the Opposition. He occasionally attends the Service Members’ Committee, though he is not always in time for Prayers; he cultivates a malmaison in his buttonhole, and he is the husband of a sportsman’s daughter.''

Alwyne Frederick Compton (1855-1911) rowed in the Trial Eights at Eton with J.E. Bankes in 1872. In 1877, he rowed No. 3 for the 1st Battalion Grenadier Guards in the Grand with H.F. Eaton and Alexander Fuller-Acland-Hood.

He lost his Parliamentary seat in 1906 but was returned in 1910 for the Brentford Division of Middlesex, only to resign a short time later for ill health.

title: The Rowers of Vanity Fair/Compton AF