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Talk:School Science/The Indian rope trick (magnetism)

History of transwikied School science experiment--Indian rope trick (magnetism)

 * (cur) (last) 22:16, 15 August 2005 Salsb (→How does it work?)
 * (cur) (last) 15:52, 2 August 2005 68.223.193.2 (→How does it work?)
 * (cur) (last) 19:00, 25 May 2005 Pdn (→How does it work? - reversed wrong edit "they" refers to ferromagnetic materials)
 * (cur) (last) 14:52, 25 May 2005 168.229.17.56 (→How does it work?)
 * (cur) (last) 00:10, 10 May 2005 Egil (→See also - ref is in wikibooks now)
 * (cur) (last) 23:50, 9 May 2005 Egil (ref)
 * (cur) (last) 09:32, 21 April 2005 Egil
 * (cur) (last) 00:32, 26 March 2005 Pdn (fixed in up)
 * (cur) (last) 19:24, 28 September 2004 Icairns (add categ electromagnetism)
 * (cur) (last) 16:31, 25 February 2004 MrJones (Tried to clarify. Hope I haven't over-complicated it.)
 * (cur) (last) 18:11, 11 November 2003 Reddi m
 * (cur) (last) 03:54, 8 November 2003 Calmypal
 * (cur) (last) 03:53, 8 November 2003 Calmypal
 * (cur) (last) 10:08, 1 April 2003 Theresa knott m (back linking to School physics experiments and demonstrations)
 * (cur) (last) 09:30, 23 March 2003 65.179.113.132 (Add s to the table for standards-compliance, hyphenate 'non-ferromagnetic', s/they/the materials/, s/round/around/, s/was/will/, tweaked some punctuation)
 * (cur) (last) 12:42, 7 March 2003 Theresa knott m
 * (cur) (last) 23:58, 25 February 2003 Theresa knott m
 * (cur) (last) 22:41, 25 February 2003 Theresa knott m (Numbered list in the method section)
 * (cur) (last) 22:29, 25 February 2003 Heron m (list format)
 * (cur) (last) 22:23, 25 February 2003 Theresa knott m (Aligning the diagram on the r.h.s. of page. I've put it inside a table. Is this the best way of aligning a diagram?)
 * (cur) (last) 22:14, 25 February 2003 Theresa knott (Some sodgy physics explanations on this first attempt could really do with someone else looking them over.)


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Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Goblet of Fire/Chapter 1

Synopsis
The story opens in the small village of Little Hangleton at "The Riddle House." Many villagers still call it that, even though many years have passed since the Riddle family actually lived there. Atop a hill overlooking the village, the former manor is the largest building in the area.

The house has a bad reputation. Half a century ago, the Riddle family, including the son, then about thirty years old, and his parents, were found dead in the living room. Frank Bryce, the Riddles' gardener, was arrested on suspicion of homicide since he was the only person with a key to the house but was released when it was determined the victims were not murdered; they simply died, apparently of fear. But the villagers remain suspicious that Frank was responsible.

Bryce now lives alone on the Riddle property, caring for the house and grounds for its absent owners as best he can despite his advancing age. Late one night, Bryce investigates a light in one of the house's windows. Inside, he overhears Lord Voldemort and Wormtail (Peter Pettigrew) planning to take action after the Quidditch World Cup, though Bryce has no idea what that is. Lord Voldemort apparently distrusts Wormtail to act alone, and talks about his "faithful servant". It appears they have already killed someone named Bertha Jorkins.

Bryce is discovered by Nagini, Voldemort's giant pet snake, and Wormtail forces him into the room. Bryce threatens them with the police; Voldemort, calling him a Muggle, completely disdains Bryce's threat and kills him with a Killing curse.

Two hundred miles away, Harry Potter suddenly awakens with a very sharp pain in his scar.

Analysis
This marks the second time in the series that a book has opened somewhere other than with Harry Potter at the Dursleys. The first was Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone. Readers are also witness to a murder first-hand, whereas before, murdered victims were mentioned after-the-fact. Arguably, Harry is viewing the events in a dream, although given the detail he sees and his strong reaction to it, it is likely much more than that. Harry's recollection seems to be as a detached third party, as he later recalls seeing Frank fall and the armchair swivel from Frank's viewpoint.

This chapter is somewhat confusing initially. We are not given any cues to indicate that the death of the Riddle family, announced to the town by a screaming maidservant, is occurring 50 years before the main story. We only recognize the time-frame of the initial events when the story shifts to Frank Bryce's current point-of-view.

It should be mentioned that Voldemort, discussing his "faithful servant," is clearly referring to someone other than Wormtail. This third person's identity is left unclear, and it leaves Wormtail quite frightened, as it implies that Voldemort does not entirely trust Wormtail, and he is therefore subject to punishment and perhaps death. This again illuminates Voldemort's character: he rules his associates through fear, intimidation, and pain, rather than commanding their respect or fidelity.

Voldemort's snake, Nagini, makes its first appearance. Wormtail is apparently milking Nagini for some substance, possibly venom, to keep Lord Voldemort alive. Milking venomous snakes is not unique to the Wizarding world; it is by this technique that we are able to produce antivenom. The fact that Voldemort uses this process himself is perhaps unusual, but considerably less dangerous for Voldemort and Wormtail than it is for Muggle harvesters, because of the control Voldemort has over the snake.

As noted, we actually see Frank Bryce being murdered here, apparently by something speaking with Voldemort's voice, though we don't see what it is. If this is truly Voldemort, and not just a nightmare for Harry, then even in his disembodied state, Voldemort's power is already strong and likely growing.

Review

 * 1) Why does the Riddle manor have a "creepy" reputation? Why has no one lived in it for so many years?
 * 2) Why was Frank Bryce accused and later exonerated of the Riddle family's murders? What could have killed them?
 * 3) Why was Bertha Jorkins recently killed?
 * 4) Can anyone else talk to snakes like Voldemort does with Nagini? How is that possible?

Further Study

 * 1) Who might the "rich" owner of the Riddle house be? Is Voldemort concerned about the house's ownership? Why or why not?
 * 2) Why does Harry awaken in pain, 200 miles away, just as Frank Bryce is murdered?
 * 3) Who might the "faithful servant" that is mentioned be? Give supporting reasons.
 * 4) How and why does Nagini seem to act differently than other snakes?

Greater Picture
Events in this chapter lead us to believe that the Riddle family that we find murdered in this chapter are Voldemort's Muggle father and grandparents; this is alluded to later in this book, and confirmed in the sixth book.

Later in this book, and also in a subsequent one, Harry will have "dreams" that appear to reflect actual events occurring as Voldemort is seeing them; internal evidence in the book suggests that events in this chapter may well be such a "dream". Professor Dumbledore, as we have seen, has already connected Harry's scar paining him with the residual effects from Voldemort's curse when he tried to kill baby Harry. On hearing about this dream, Dumbledore further suspects that the murder attempt may have sheared off a portion of Voldemort's soul, transferring it to Harry, thus unintentionally making Harry one of Voldemort's Horcruxes. Much later, Dumbledore informs Harry that he believes this may constitute a true link between their minds. Voldemort initially seems unaware that this connection exists, but he later becomes aware of it, and exploits it in an attempt to entrap Harry; this happens throughout the fifth book.

Nagini seems more biddable and intelligent than a snake ought to be. Finding a Muggle standing in the hall, as Nagini does, a normal snake would attack, hide, or otherwise react; instead, Nagini slithers past unconcernedly and promptly reports Frank Bryce's presence to her master. And though readers saw Harry talking to the boa constrictor at the zoo in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Voldemort's connection to Nagini seems deeper and darker than this. Nagini, we discover later, is also a Horcrux, and perhaps some human-like intelligence was passed to the snake when Voldemort moved his soul shard to her.

The viewpoints mentioned in this chapter also do not tally completely with what we believe now, and what is discovered later, that Harry is likely to be able to see. This chapter's vital events are seen from Frank Bryce's viewpoint, but Harry, we believe at this point, is actually sharing Voldemort's mind, and so may be able to perceive things either from Voldemort's or Nagini's point of view. (That Nagini may be a Horcrux, also sharing a fragment of Voldemort's soul, is not suggested until Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, though the evidence for this is revealed a year earlier, at Christmas in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix.) Examining Harry's thoughts about this dream, and combining this with what we know about the communication channel between Harry and Voldemort as revealed in later books, would indicate that Harry is largely experiencing the events through Nagini's eyes. Because of this, and because Harry will only have started experiencing this dream when Bryce was discovered and Voldemort became angry, we must assume that all Harry knows of what preceded Bryce's discovery comes from Bryce's comments to Voldemort.

While the "faithful servant" Voldemort mentions is never explicitly identified, we are meant to suspect Professor Snape, given Harry's relationship with him. However, by closely inspecting Wormtail's and Snape's careers, we can see that each reacted similarly at Voldemort's downfall: Wormtail went into hiding, while Snape continued working for Dumbledore, using Dumbledore's snow-white reputation as a shield. Neither, during Voldemort's absence, professed loyalty to his ideals; each, in his own way, repudiated Voldemort's scheme for Wizardkind. In fact, as Snape seemed to have been hindering Voldemort's attempts to regain the Philosopher's Stone in the first book of the series, it is likely that Voldemort believes Snape has turned against him, an assumption which may be echoed in a later chapter of this book. Even given what we know now, if we consider things from Voldemort's viewpoint, it would seem Snape is no more trustworthy than Pettigrew. This lack of trustworthiness in Voldemort's eyes is not (apparently) repudiated in detail until the sixth book. We only learn the truth of Snape's loyalty in the final book.

While it is never explicitly stated who Voldemort's faithful servant is, it is likely that Voldemort is referring to Barty Crouch Jr., whose existence he had discovered by questioning Bertha Jorkins. The "one more curse" that Voldemort refers to is likely the Imperius curse which Wormtail will cast on Bartemius Crouch. Other curses will be necessary, of course, but the curse that disables Mad-Eye Moody does not have to be cast by Voldemort or Pettigrew; instead, it, and any other curses required, may be cast by Barty Crouch Jr. once he is restored to Voldemort's service.

Connections

 * While we have been made aware of a link between Harry and Voldemort that manifests as pain in Harry's scar, this is the first time that we have been allowed to see that actual impressions and events can be transferred via that channel. We will see this again in this book, and Voldemort, learning of this channel, will use it to set a trap for Harry in the next book. Harry will reverse the channel, receiving useful information from Voldemort, in the final book.
 * Harry will also visit Little Hangleton and the environs of the Riddle House again, later in this book, when captured by Voldemort; and again via the memories of Bob Ogden, two years from now. We will also learn that Voldemort had concealed a Horcrux in Little Hangleton; Harry will perceive Voldemort's rage at finding that hiding place empty, and knows that Dumbledore had retrieved that Horcrux from there.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Talk:Ukrainian/Alphabet

 Ч is always mild. No, it's not.

Conside the word ЧИ. The letter И cannot be used after a soft vowel, therefore it's hard.

''И - there is no exact match in English(English does not have this sound, therefore this is the hardest sound to pronounce); the closest way to pronounce it would be like y in myth. The 'i' in 'big' is also an approximation.(Sounds exactly like Russian sound Ы)''

Complete and utter rubbish. The Ukrainian sound is ɪ and the Russian sound is ɨ. In fact, myth and bit have almost the exact pronunciation of the Ukrainian sound, but not the Russian sound.

Also, how the hell do you expect people to pronounce words when you don't even give the position of the stress? Are they supposed to guess? Use an online dictionary and then pronounce them?

I'm going to have to fix this one later. -Iopq 12:34, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ukrainian/Alphabet


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Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Goblet of Fire/Chapter 2

Synopsis
Harry awakes with a start, his scar burning painfully. He goes over the dream he just had and remembers seeing Wormtail and Voldemort in a dark room, killing an old man. Concentrating, he recalls that they were also plotting to kill someone else—him. Focusing on his current whereabouts, Privet Drive, Harry deliberates over what to do about this—his burning scar usually has something to do with Voldemort. Should he tell his friends? Hermione comes to mind, and he imagines her advice; he should just tell Professor Dumbledore. Ron would want to ask his Dad about the usual behaviour of scars made by Curses.

He decides to write to his godfather, Sirius Black, and tell him what has been happening with the Dursleys and his scar. He finishes the letter and waits for his owl, Hedwig, to return from hunting.

Analysis
Much familiar ground is revisited – reintroducing Harry, his friends, his school, and the Wizarding world in general. This is a common pattern in the series, and the author may feel it is necessary to reestablish ground rules and bring new readers up to speed on the plot, or at least the characters and situation in between each book. It may also be intended to make each book stand more or less on its own.

Ron and Hermione re-enter the story by Harry's imagined reactions to him telling them his latest news. The Dursley family is also mentioned in this way, as is Professor Dumbledore, through Harry's thoughts about what the consequences might be if he were to reveal what has happened. Harry's relationship with Sirius Black is also revisited, and Harry believes his godfather is the one person he can confide in about his dream without any concern over how he will react. This may indicate that Harry now fully considers Sirius as his real family.

Harry's dream leads us to believe that he has experienced a real event, judging by the previous chapter. Its narration travels seamlessly from past episodes of which Harry would have no knowledge, through current events as seen by Frank Bryce, finally returning us into the story with Frank's fatal encounter with Voldemort and Wormtail. Harry doubts its reality, and there is no actual proof yet, but the pain in Harry's scar indicates that he may have perceived real events occurring in Voldemort's life.

Early editions of this book contained a flint – this chapter was said to occur on a Sunday, the following day was unnamed, and the Weasleys would collect Harry on the day following that, Monday, meaning that this week would contain two Sundays. The day of the week mentioned in this chapter was corrected to Saturday in later editions.

Review

 * 1) When was the last time Harry's scar was burning?
 * 2) In the dream, Wormtail attempts to discourage Voldemort from using Harry in Voldemort's scheme. Why would Wormtail do this?
 * 3) Why does Harry choose to write to his godfather rather than Ron or Hermione about his scar hurting?

Further Study

 * 1) Why doesn't Voldemort experience the same mental connection with Harry that Harry has with him?

Greater Picture
Harry's scar has taken on a significant new role. While it has always been a focal point in the story, until now it has mostly served as a visible symbol of Harry's near-fatal encounter with Voldemort, and also has acted as a warning beacon, alerting Harry to Voldemort's presence by causing pain. Now it seems somehow related to a mental connection between Harry and Voldemort, allowing Harry glimpses into Voldemort's thoughts. Voldemort is still apparently unaware that this connection exists, but that will change. And while Harry remembers few details about his dream, which was not a dream at all, we have learned that Wormtail (Pettigrew) seemed unwilling to involve Harry in whatever scheme Voldemort is planning. This may be tied to the life debt Wormtail now owes Harry. Voldemort may be unaware that his servant has such an obligation to his greatest enemy, and will likely be extremely displeased when he discovers this.

Harry perceiving Voldemort's mind only when he is asleep is important to the storyline. Voldemort reveals things to us that Harry would likely pursue if he recalled them. In particular, Bertha Jorkins is mentioned in the "dream," and will be mentioned repeatedly in the next months. If Harry could recall that name, he likely would tell someone, most likely Arthur Weasley or Professor Dumbledore, and our story probably would develop differently.

No real reason is ever given as to why Harry can sense Voldemort's thoughts, but Voldemort is unable to detect Harry's until over a year later. We can only speculate why: Harry is able to perceive Voldemort's thoughts only when Voldemort is experiencing extremely strong emotions. During this sequence, for instance, Voldemort is first plotting his most hated enemy's demise, and he is likely inflamed with rage against Harry for daring to exist; and then, he is murdering Frank Bryce, casting a spell which requires feeling deep hatred for the target. In this book, and the subsequent one, Harry only senses Voldemort's thoughts when he is asleep or nearly so. One can assume that the reverse transmission of thoughts can only occur when Harry is feeling strong emotions, and when Voldemort is in a similarly relaxed state. It is likely accidental timing that Voldemort is never in a receptive mind set when Harry is experiencing his strongest emotions. It may be that Voldemort is also affected because he is still physically weak, and not yet completely human again. It is only after his body is fully resurrected and has regained his strength that he later detects Harry's thoughts.

There is a small inconsistency regarding when Harry actually learns Sirius is his godfather. It says in this chapter that "he had only found out that Sirius was his godfather two months ago." In fact, it was around the previous Christmas when he overheard, in a conversation in the Three Broomsticks, that Sirius was James Potter's best friend and Harry's godfather. However, at that time, he still believed Sirius was a mass murderer and responsible for his parents' deaths, so he could have disavowed the connection. It may have only been after the revelations in the Shrieking Shack, which happened just two months before this chapter, that Harry finally accepted that Sirius was truly his godfather.


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CRE Loaded Features/Configuration/WYSIWYG Editor

PRODUCT DESCRIPTIONS use WYSIWYG HTMLAREA?
It actually uses the tinyMCE editor.

this is a nifty tool, if you can use MS word you will have no trouble suing this.

WYSIWYG = what you see is what you get.

Newsletter Email Layout Height
If you get this error message;

Define MainPage TEXT_FILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST

When you try to edit your main page in Creloaded

Replace the corrupt file within the creloaded directory


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User:Iopq

I guess this doesn't link to the wikipedia user profile!

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Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Goblet of Fire/Chapter 3

Synopsis
Harry enters the kitchen where Aunt Petunia is serving Dudley a grapefruit quarter. Dudley has been on a diet since his school wrote a letter saying they did not have any knickerbockers large enough to fit him. To make it easier for Dudley, Aunt Petunia has put the entire family on a diet. A hungry Harry had requested help by owl post and has received snacks from Hagrid, Hermione, and Ron that he stashed under the floorboard upstairs. They and Sirius Black had also each sent him cakes for his birthday, now two weeks past, and he still has two left.

A letter arrives from Molly Weasley, which was surprisingly sent through Muggle mail rather than by owl post. To Uncle Vernon's dismay, the envelope is nearly completely covered in stamps, and the postman has rung because this is unusual. Mrs. Weasley invites Harry to attend the Quidditch World Cup with the Weasley family, and suggests he stay with them until school starts. This creates a quandary for Uncle Vernon: if he lets Harry go, it will be something fun for him, which he always tries to prevent; however, it also means Harry would be gone a good two weeks earlier than Vernon and Petunia could have hoped for, since they hated having Harry in their house.

After a long discussion, Uncle Vernon is about to forbid Harry to go the Weasleys when Harry deliberately mentions that he has to finish his letter to Sirius Black. He says his godfather has not heard from him in a while and might be getting worried. Suddenly afraid, Uncle Vernon grants Harry permission to go to the Weasleys. When Harry returns to his room, he finds owls waiting. Ron sent a letter via his tiny owl, saying that they will come and get him whether the Dursleys like it or not. Harry sends a reply saying that he has permission. Hedwig, his own owl, has returned from hunting, so Harry finishes his message to Sirius, explaining where he is going, and gives it to Hedwig.

Analysis
While the story is advanced somewhat, it is cousin Dudley and Uncle Vernon that are highlighted here. In addition to his increasingly abusive and bullying personality, Dudley, who rarely exhibits restraint in anything, has grown so fat that he is unable to fit into his school clothes. (For US readers, we note that knickerbockers are a particular type of short trousers, evidently forming part of the school uniform and possibly only available through the school.) Mortified, Petunia not only puts Dudley on a diet, but the entire family as well, feeling that Dudley should not have to suffer alone, even though Harry is perpetually under-nourished. Without his friends' assistance, Harry might literally starve. Additionally, there are some visible changes in Uncle Vernon's behavior; as Harry grows older, Vernon, knowing what wizards are capable of, begins showing fear, if not necessarily respect, towards Harry. His underlying motivation continues to be to make Harry's life as miserable as possible, but now he does so with more passive-aggressive behavior. Aware that his status in the household has begun to increase, Harry is not averse to using his new-found power judiciously to obtain what he wants, though from what we see here, he does so sparingly and apparently not in a malicious or harmful manner.

Review

 * 1) Why does Aunt Petunia insist on putting the entire family on a diet when it is Dudley who is overweight?
 * 2) Why is Uncle Vernon conflicted over giving Harry permission to visit the Weasleys?
 * 3) Why does Harry mention that he is writing to his godfather? What is Uncle Vernon's reaction?

Further Study

 * 1) How and why has the relationship between Harry and Uncle Vernon changed?
 * 2) Why did Molly Weasley send the Dursleys a letter using Muggle mail service rather than Owl Post? Does it make a difference?

Greater Picture
There is surprisingly little in this chapter that has any bearing on what will happen in the future of this book or of the series. It is true that Harry's letter, when it reaches Sirius, will cause him to try to return to England to confer directly with Harry; and similarly, and as we now expect, Harry will attend the Quidditch World Cup. Apart from that, the only change that might be signaled by events in this chapter is in Dudley: over the next year, his diet will prove effective in causing him to lose weight, but true to his nature as a bully, he will take up boxing and become an urban tough.


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Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Goblet of Fire/Chapter 4

Synopsis
Harry finishes packing his belongings by noon the next day and eagerly awaits the Weasleys' arrival. Uncle Vernon is, of course, worried about the neighbors noticing anything strange happening and starts asking how the Weasleys will be dressed—will it be those odd wizard's robes or "normal" peoples' clothes? Uncle Vernon also wonders how the Weasleys are going to arrive.

The hour comes and passes. Finally, the Weasleys arrive by the Floo Network, which was specially connected to the Dursleys' fireplace. However, the Dursleys' hearth has been blocked up, and Mr. Weasley has to blast his way through. After this rocky start, Mr. Weasley has no luck in engaging the Dursleys in a conversation, while Fred and George fetch Harry's trunk. Fred drops a bag of toffees, collecting all but one before he, George, and Ron depart for the Burrow. Harry and Mr. Weasley are still there when cousin Dudley finds and eats the toffee. His tongue promptly expands to several feet in length. Uncle Vernon starts attacking Mr. Weasley, who he blames for this outrage, while Aunt Petunia tries to pull the supposed foreign object out of Dudley's mouth. Harry exits for the Burrow as Uncle Vernon starts throwing china figurines at Mr. Weasley.

Analysis
Although the Dursleys meeting with the Weasley clan is humorously depicted, Vernon and Petunia's steadfast refusal to acknowledge Mr. Weasley and the others' presence symbolizes the deep division that exists between the Wizarding and Muggle realms; it likely represents how many Muggles might react if they knew such a world existed. Vernon and Petunia are particularly resistant to any interaction with magic, and, fearing and loathing what they are unable to understand, they simply choose to ignore its existence as much as possible. Being forced to raise a young wizard in their home only exacerbates their intolerance to anything or anyone different from themselves, which is why Harry is forbidden to acknowledge his own magical abilities while under their roof. The Twins, with their usual mischief, only make matters worse, though they are generally unconcerned whether it is wizard or Muggle who falls prey to their unique pranks. For Harry, any opportunity to escape from this restrictive and unhappy household is a welcome respite, and he is grateful to the Weasleys for arranging his early departure, regardless of how much it angers or offends his aunt and uncle.

This is the second time that we have seen Floo powder used since Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (where it was introduced). Professor Snape may have used Floo powder or something similar to summon Professor Lupin to his study in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban.

The fireplace was certainly not walled up in the first book, because letters were delivered through it at that time. This may be an error on the part of the author, but it is equally likely that during Harry's absence at school, Vernon had all the fireplaces walled up to prevent that sort of thing happening again, and the author simply didn't choose to mention the fact.

Review

 * 1) Why do the Dursleys refuse to talk with Arthur Weasley, despite his friendly attempts to make conversation?
 * 2) Why is Uncle Vernon so concerned about how the Weasleys will be dressed and how they will arrive?

Further Study

 * 1) There is definitely magic happening here—the Floo powder, the wall being blown apart, figurines being destroyed, and Ton-Tongue Toffees, at the very least. The Ministry chastised Harry two years ago because of a simple Hover Charm performed by Dobby the House-elf. Why are there no such missives this time?

Greater Picture
This is the first time Fred and George Weasley have been seen deliberately tormenting other people; granted, Dudley may have deserved it, and the damage inflicted was only temporary. While their pranks will largely remain harmless, there will be occasional episodes that could be described as viciousness in this book, and in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, though in every case seemingly directed at a deserving victim.

Eventually, the Twins' magical abilities are such that the joke products they invent will evolve into defensive weapons that are used by the Ministry in the fight against Voldemort and his Death Eaters.

Although Uncle Vernon despises anything different from what he knows or is unable to understand, he also truly fears the Wizarding world, though probably not for the same reasons as Petunia. Her feelings are deeper and more complex. As seen in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, her hatred of the Magical world mostly seems rooted in jealousy over her sister Lily, Harry's mother, being magical while Petunia was not. It is only in the final book in the series that we learn the deepest roots of that jealousy. And while Petunia is mostly motivated by spite that she directs at Harry, her fear is somewhat justified. She knows most wizards are benign and never harm Muggles, but she is also aware that Dark wizards exist, and that Harry, and by extension herself and her family, have been specifically targeted either by Voldemort or his agents. Her hatred and resentment may partially stem from what her sister's unique abilities has left Petunia to cope with.

A few more details about the Floo Network are revealed in this chapter. Not all fireplaces are automatically linked to the Network, and it is a department within the Ministry of Magic that regulates the Floo system. In the next book, we learn that the Ministry can monitor, as well as control, how fireplaces are used on the Network. This plays a role in the fifth book, as Harry must find an unmonitored fireplace to safely contact Grimmauld Place, Sirius Black's ancestral home. And in the seventh book this again becomes a plot point, as Harry is unable to leave Privet Drive via the Floo Network because it is being monitored.

Connections

 * This is the first time we see original magical artifacts created by the Twins. We will shortly find out that these are to be the basis of their chosen career, innovators in the magical jokes field. The process of financing the start-up of their joke shop, Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes, will be a subplot throughout this book, and testing of products for that shop will be a subplot in the next book, as well as something of a bone of contention between the Twins and Hermione. The shop itself will be launched, and we will see it in the following book, at which time we will learn that some of the Weasley products are in use by the Ministry in the battle against Dark wizards.
 * The Floo network being regulated by the Ministry is mentioned here. It will become a factor again in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, where a discussion with Sirius is nearly intercepted. The interception is explained when Umbridge says that all the fireplaces are now monitored, resulting in Harry breaking into her office twice to try to communicate with Sirius. It also is the reason that Harry cannot use the Floo network to leave the Dursleys' in the final book.


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Statistics/Distributions/NegativeBinomial

Negative Binomial Distribution
Just as the Bernoulli and the Binomial distribution are related in counting the number of successes in 1 or more trials, the Geometric and the Negative Binomial distribution are related in the number of trials needed to get 1 or more successes.

The Negative Binomial distribution refers to the probability of the number of times needed to do something until achieving a fixed number of desired results. For example:

 * How many times will I throw a coin until it lands on heads for the 10th time?
 * How many children will I have when I get my third daughter?
 * How many cards will I have to draw from a pack until I get the second Joker?

Just like the Binomial Distribution, the Negative Binomial distribution has two controlling parameters: the probability of success p in any independent test and the desired number of successes m. If a random variable X has Negative Binomial distribution with parameters p and m, its probability mass function is:

 * $$P(X=n) = {n-1 \choose m-1} p^m (1-p)^{n-m} \mbox{, for } n \ge m$$.

Example
A travelling salesman goes home if he has sold 3 encyclopedias that day. Some days he sells them quickly. Other days he's out till late in the evening. If on the average he sells an encyclopedia at one out of ten houses he approaches, what is the probability of returning home after having visited only 10 houses?

Answer:

The number of trials X is Negative Binomial distributed with parameters p=0.1 and m=3, hence:

 * $$P(X=10) = {9 \choose 2} 0.1^3 0.9^7 = 0.0172186884$$.

Mean
The mean can be derived as follows.
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = \sum_i f(x_i) \cdot x_i = \sum_{x=0}^\infin  {x+r-1 \choose r-1} p^x (1-p)^r  \cdot  x$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = {0+r-1 \choose r-1} p^0 \left(1-p\right)^r \cdot  0 +  \sum_{x=1}^\infin  {x+r-1 \choose r-1} p^x (1-p)^r  \cdot  x$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = 0 + \sum_{x=1}^\infin  {(x+r-1)! \over (r-1)!x!} p^x (1-p)^r  \cdot  x$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = {rp \over 1-p}\sum_{x=1}^\infin {(x+r-1)! \over r!(x-1)!} p^{x-1} (1-p)^{r+1}$$

Now let s = r+1 and w=x-1 inside the summation.
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = {rp \over 1-p}\sum_{w=0}^\infin {(w+s-1)! \over (s-1)!w!} p^w (1-p)^s$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = {rp \over 1-p}\sum_{w=0}^\infin {w+s-1 \choose s-1} p^w (1-p)^s$$

We see that the summation is the sum over a the complete pmf of a negative binomial random variable distributed NB(s,p), which is 1 (and can be verified by applying Newton's generalized binomial theorem).
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X] = {rp \over 1-p}$$

Variance
We derive the variance using the following formula:

 * $$\operatorname{Var}[X] = \operatorname{E}[X^2] - (\operatorname{E}[X])^2$$

We have already calculated E[X] above, so now we will calculate E[X2] and then return to this variance formula:

 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = \sum_i f(x_i) \cdot x^2

= \sum_{x=0}^\infin {x+r-1 \choose r-1} p^x (1-p)^r \cdot x^2$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = 0+\sum_{x=1}^\infin {x+r-1 \choose r-1} p^x (1-p)^r x^2$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = \sum_{x=1}^\infin {(x+r-1)! \over (r-1)!x!} p^x (1-p)^r x^2$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = {rp \over 1-p}\sum_{x=1}^\infin {(x+r-1)! \over r!(x-1)!} p^{x-1} (1-p)^{r+1} x$$

Again, let let s = r+1 and w=x-1.
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = {rp \over 1-p}\sum_{w=0}^\infin {(w+s-1)! \over (s-1)!w!} p^w (1-p)^s (w+1)$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = {rp \over 1-p}\sum_{w=0}^\infin {w+s-1 \choose s-1} p^w (1-p)^s (w+1)$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = {rp \over 1-p}\left[\sum_{w=0}^\infin {w+s-1 \choose s-1} p^w (1-p)^s w+\sum_{w=0}^\infin {w+s-1 \choose s-1} p^w (1-p)^s\right]$$

The first summation is the mean of a negative binomial random variable distributed NB(s,p) and the second summation is the complete sum of that variable's pmf.
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = {rp \over 1-p}\left[{sp \over 1-p}+1\right]$$
 * $$\operatorname{E}[X^2] = {rp(1+rp) \over (1-p)^2}$$

We now insert values into the original variance formula.
 * $$\operatorname{Var}[X] = {rp(1+rp) \over (1-p)^2} - \left({rp \over 1-p}\right)^2$$
 * $$\operatorname{Var}[X] = {rp \over (1-p)^2} $$


text:
User talk:I Lie In The Shade~enwikibooks

Interesting, I like your user name!--George D. Bozovic

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called I Lie In The Shade. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name I Lie In The Shade~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:18, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:02, 19 April 2015 (UTC)


text:
User:Nü~enwikibooks

It's nü !!!

simple:User:nü

title: User:Nü~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Nü~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. 14:10, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Nü. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Nü~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:34, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:19, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nü~enwikibooks


text: User talk:65.138.154.69

title: User talk:65.138.154.69


text: User talk:83.28.74.1

title: User talk:83.28.74.1


text: User talk:64.26.68.82

title: User talk:64.26.68.82


text:
User talk:85.101.224.107

Please stop. If you continue to use Wikibooks for advertising, you will be temporarily blocked from editing.

title: User talk:85.101.224.107


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. a4/1...e5

1...e5
Black punishes White's lack of center control, and does what white has not by controlling the center. This move also prevents 2. Ra3.

=Theory Table= .
 * 1.a4 e5

title: Chess Opening Theory/1. a4/1...e5


text:
Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Build a skybox

Prologue
One way to add a realistic feeling to your 3d environment in a game engine is to create a skybox. A skybox is a large cube which has on its inside a projection of a 360° environment. When the player (camera) is inside this environment, the scene is rendered with the illusion of being inside a gigantic world. This is a similar effect to Quicktime VR (see http://www.fullscreen360.com/ for examples). And, by setting up the skybox as a simple cube shape, you place the least amount of strain on the graphics engine. It's a great advantage for your game with very little overhead.

This tutorial will show you how to create skyboxes relatively easily from panoramic photos. My favorite part is, you can do it easily using free tools such as Blender and the Gimp.

Using the Gimp to manipulate images is not really in the scope of this tutorial... check out some other page on using that software. You should have an understanding of how to edit images and apply alpha channels. (You could also use the Gimp to apply a polar coordinate texture to your rectangular image in order to create a fisheye image. Hint: it's not the sphereize filter.)

Gather your graphics
You can take panoramic images yourself using a regular digital camera and a tripod. A quick way to accomplish this is to draw marks on your tripod base at every 30 degrees (think of the hours on a clock face). Make a single mark on the swivel of your tripod to allow you to line up your shots -- twelve shots at 30 degrees each. Then, using a program such as the Gimp or the incredibly cool Autostitch to merge the photos into one big panorama.

Or, if you're lazy like me, you can just grab photos online to use as templates to create original images. There are also many places you can download non-copyrighted photos for free as well. One resource for cloudy sky textures, as well as panoramic photography instructions, is Philippe Hurbain's site Philo's Home Page. This tutorial will use a fisheye sky photo from his copyright-free Panoramic Skies images collection.

You'll also probably want a photo for your ground, unless you prefer to use real models such as buildings in your skybox. This earlier chapter on creating landscapes can be incorporated into setting up your skybox. However, this tutorial will use the sky photo for the top half of our world, and a panoramic landscape with an alpha channel for the bottom half. I've created a ground image using copyright-free textures obtained from Accustudio.

Here are the images I'll be using (you'll want to use images with higher resolution): Note that the sky has trees, etc.

Note: I've outlined the horizon of the ground texture with an alpha channel which will allow me to place the ground mesh right against the sky mesh with a very natural feel.

Create a dome for the sky
Open a new file in Blender. Your default new file will probably be a two-unit cube in the center of the screen, with a single light source and a camera. You can delete the light source because we won't be needing it. Leave the cube, because that is what will become our skybox.

The cube will be the center of our environment, so use Object->Snap->Cursor To Selection if your cursor is not centered. Then, from the top view [KEYPAD-7], Use [KEY-SPACEBAR] to insert a new mesh; make it a UV sphere. I find a 32-segment, 32-ring sphere to be sufficient. We create the sphere from the top view because that is the projection from which we want to add the sky texture.

Scale up the sphere so it resembles a large "arena" in comparison to your cube, and select and delete the lower half of the vertices, using the front view [KEYPAD-1] and [KEY-B] to create a bounding box. It helps if "Select Visible" is turned off so you can select all of the vertices in one go.

Turn on proportional editing with [KEY-O], then select the bottom row of vertices and scale them up with [KEY-S] so that the bottom of the sphere gets a bell shape. Because the projection of the sky texture will be from the Y-axis (ceiling) we need the bottom faces of the sphere to be at an angle, to catch the texture. (Faces perpendicular to the projection will look like smears.) Alter the influence of proportional editing with [KEY-PAGEUP] and [KEY-PAGEDOWN]. Linear or Sharp falloff works best with the sphere shape.

Now you're ready to add your sky texture to this mesh. In the Materials menu, create a new material and a new texture. Be sure to set your material not to receive shadows by clicking the "Shadeless" button. Then, in the Texture menu, set the texture type to Image, and click the Load Image button to insert our sky texture. Back in the Materials->Texture->Map Input menu, you may need to scale your image to get rid of the distorted textures at the edges of the fisheye by setting the Size to, say, 0.950 for X, Y and Z.

At this point, if you wish, you can reposition the camera and render the scene to see how your sky mesh looks.

Create a dome for the ground
I found it easiest to move the sky dome to a new layer with the [KEY-M] move to layer command. Then you can select the cube, Object->snap cursor to selection if you need to, select the top view [KEYPAD-7] and insert another UV sphere just as before -- except this time, remove the top hemisphere of vertices. I left an extra row of vertices at the "equator", scaled up, to function as a "billboard" to display the horizon of our ground texture with the alpha channel. This sphere should be slightly smaller than the sky hemisphere.

This time, I will apply the ground texture with a tube projection, so it is projected onto the mesh horizontally [Materials panel | Map Input tab | Tube button]. Because I have an alpha channel on this texture, I click "Use Alpha" in the Texture menu and Map To -> both Col and Alpha buttons [Materials Panel | Map To Tab | -> both Col and Alpha buttons]. You will also need to set ZTransp in the Mirror Transp menu [Materials Panel | Links and Pipelines Tab | ZTransp button] so that your alpha channel shows up in the envmap (which will become your skybox), and Alpha to 0 [Materials panel | Material tab | A slider ] to allow the masked areas to be transparent. (Alpha channels appear to require Z buffering to appear on procedural textures.) Also, you may need to adjust the offset of the ground texture (Y-axis), so that the horizon appears properly on the "billboard" area of your ground hemisphere.

Again, you can reposition the camera and render the scene to make sure everything is properly aligned. Be sure to activate the layer where you moved the sky mesh. Your results will look similar to the following image. Set OSA on in the render screen for best results. Also, use higher resolution images with cleaner alpha channels -- the image below is rather blurry and you can see a halo around the horizon.

Render the environment map
The last step is to use the procedural Envmap texture to project the dome textures onto the cube, which will become our skybox. Select the cube and create a new material. Set the material to "Shadeless" [Materials Panel | Materials Tab | Shadeless button]. Add a new texture and make its type Envmap. Set the CubeRes [Envmap tab | CubeRes setting ] to whatever you want the resolution of your skybox to be (512 is a good resolution for a game; 1024 or 2048 are fairly high-res; I stuck with low-res for this tutorial). If your sky & ground hemispheres are very physically large, you may also need to increase the ClipEnd value to include all of the faces. You may want to set the Envmap calculation to Anim so you don't have to keep freeing envmap data if you're experimenting. (Anim automatically clears Envmap data with every render, otherwise you must click 'Free Data' to reset the Envmap.)

Once you've created the Envmap texture, you should be ready to render the Envmap for your skybox. If you want to set your file format such as JPG or PNG, you should do that first. Then, simply go to the render screen and click "Render." Again, make sure all layers are visible. The rendering window appears. First, Blender renders the environment map of the cube. Afterward, the camera view is rendered, at which point you can hit [KEY-ESCAPE] to stop rendering -- we are only interested in the environment map which is already complete.

Select the cube again, then get to its texture menu. You will see the newly-rendered Envmap on the sample texture. Click "Save EnvMap" in the texture menu to save the rendered Envmap.

Blender environment maps are saved as a 3x2 matrix of squares, as seen here:

The cube faces are in the following order.

You can now load this image as an envmap texture in a new cube, which you can incorporate into your game as a skybox. This file can also be edited in the Gimp to remove any unwelcome artifacts such as trees, buildings, jet trails, etc. Also, because I used a tube projection on the lower hemisphere, in the bottom face of the envmap you see a strange star shape at the "pole." You'll most likely have a floor in your game, so you probably won't see that face anyway, but sticklers can avoid it with clever use of the Filters->Distorts->Polar Coords filter in the Gimp or Filter->Distort->Polar Coordinates (Polar to Rect.) in Photoshop. Patching also works well.

To make the skybox appear as a static background in your game, vertex-parent it to the current active camera object.

Video Tutorial
Ira Krakow's Blender 2.49 Skybox Tutorial:  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=azkk3JrM5Es

title: Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Build a skybox


text:
Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Furry 2.40

For an updated version of this tutorial see Furry.

Let your hair hang down
To learn how to make fur or hair, click on the link below and scroll to the bottom. It is the last tutorial.

Or...

Example of sphere with fur-like particles

Creating Fur in Blender 2.40
Tyaedalis, twentytortures

First off, select the object you want to be furry. Do this in Object Mode. (You don't have to duplicate the mesh any more!) For this tutorial we'll use a UV sphere with 32 rings and 32 segments. Then, go to the "Object" tab (F7), and click on the "Physics" tab (to the right, on the button window menu bar). (Or Press F7 repeatedly to "cycle" between the Object and Physics SubPanels)

Blender Physics Tab

Under the "Particles" palette, click on "NEW". For best results you should be in object mode.

A bunch of things will pop up in place of that "New" button. Several things are important for the creation of hair/fur. The most important are: Emit Display: From:
 * Static - makes particles static
 * Amount - amount of particles to draw
 * Step - don't draw redundant particles
 * Life - how far/long particles go
 * Display - percentage of particles displayed in viewport
 * Vect - makes particles look like strands
 * Mesh - renders the mesh
 * Verts - draw particles from vertices
 * Faces - draw particles from faces
 * Rand - draw particles randomly
 * Even - draw particles evenly

The "Particles" palette

And under the "Particle Motion" palette: Velocity: Force
 * Normal - length of hair
 * Random - randomizes direction/size
 * And the "Z" (or possibly X or Y, depending on the result you want.)under "Force" - simulates a force

Particle Motion

Anyway, back on the "Particles" palette, push "Static" and then "Animated" if you want it to be in an animation. Then in the "Display" section push "Vect" so that the particles look like strands in your viewport. If you push "Mesh", then your mesh will be visible as well as your hair when you render.

User Note - For those who are using a newer version of blender, there will not be a static button. Instead, change the particle system type to hair. To give them length, go to global effects and change the acceleration(acc) variables.

Under the "Emit" section, increase the amount of particles to about 20 thousand or so. We want a really furry sphere. You can leave "Step" at its default value of 5. Life is 50 by default. I find I get better results when I decrease this number to 10 or so. It is very important that you decrease the "Disp" number. It by default says 100. This means that 100% of the particles are visible in your viewport. You could leave it at 100 if you have a really powerful computer, but for those of us who don't, we'll want to turn it down. I like mine around 20% or so. It leaves enough particles visible to be able to imagine the final product but it also increases my computer's performance.

In the "From" section there are some buttons that have some importance. "Verts" and "Faces" are the areas where your particles are drawn from. "Rand" and "Even" are how your particles are drawn. I find that clicking even is important because it displays all the hair evenly around your object.

Afterwards, in the "Particle Motion" palette, under the "Velocity" section, adjust the "Normal" value until the hair is as long as you like, if we left the "Life" at 50 then we would have extremely long hair even though our normal value would be .01. Increase the randomness value for added realism. (Not too much, though!) Then, make the value of "Z" under "Force" somewhere around -0.02. This will simulate the hair falling down because of gravity.

Isn't it cool what you can make in so little time?

Strands Material Settings
In the "Materials" tab, there are some options specific to this type of particle. These can be accessed with the "Strands" button, under the "Render Pipeline" heading in the "Links and Pipeline" tab.

The "Start" parameter sets the width of the fur at the base of the particle (from the vertex or face where it originally spawned). "End" is the width at the other end of the fur, so in general this should be smaller than "Start".

The Shape option controls how the width of the fur changes, between these two points. A lower value will result in the width of the middle being closer to the width at the end than at the start.

Good hair and fur material will often be partially transparent, lower the value of the A underneath the colours in Material tab, and be sure to set the ZTransp option in the Render Pipeline options, it's above the strands button. Using Raytraced Transparency limits the number of strands deep you can see in the render.

Blender 2.42 also adds a new preview type useful for working on strands, the 5th button from the top on the Preview tab will draw a collection of Hair strands using your material settings.

Using my sphere from the previous section, I'll show you how to make the fur look real neat with Blender's default textures. I'm not going to go into too much detail about how to add textures and stuff because that should be covered in other tutorials.

I'm first going to play around with the "Blend" texture type. Using the textures colorband settings, I made it fade from red to green to transparent black.

Under the "Map Input" section under the "Materials" tabs, I clicked the "Strand" button. This will make the texture follow the strands, neat eh?

If I select the default "Orco" button then we get different results.

There are all sorts of things that can be done with the default textures! Just play around a bit, it's the best way to learn how to use the particle system.

Curve Guides
Strands can be affected by Blender's Fields simulation. The controls can be accessed from the Physics Buttons (First select Object or press F7 until the Physics Buttons appear). There is a combo box labeled fields on the Fields and Deflection tab.

Although hair and fur can be affected by any of these fields types (except none of course), you will find the Curve Guide option most useful. Before using it though, you will need to create a path for your curves to follow.

So, to give your furball a pony tail, first create a curve that you want the fur to follow. Do this by selecting Add->Curve->Path from the main menu. Editing the vertices in a curve is just like editing the vertices in a mesh object. You can extrude a path from a vertex on either end. Make sure one end of the path is in the base of the hair you want to be affected by the curve.

When you have your curve the way you want, exit edit mode and set the fields type to Curve Guide. You can then change the radius that your curve guide will affect. If it won't pick up the hair that is in this radius, and drag it along the path, your curve may be the wrong way round. To fix this, enter edit mode again. You will need to select your curve (use a to select all vertices) and hit w to get the specials menu. Then select switch direction. Your curve should now be affecting the hair.

This is the link: http://download.blender.org/documentation/NaN_docs/Manual2.0/Particles.html

title: Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Furry 2.40


text:
User talk:Smjg

Before I do exponential amouts of damage to the Chess problems section, what do you think a "non-pathologically meaningless title" for Puzzles:Chess_problems:Chess_directmates:Fourteen-move_chess_directmate_1 and similar pages in that section be? --Borbrav 20:08, 8 October 2005 (UTC)

 * That title isn't too bad by itself, though I'd be inclined to make it a little less redundant. Maybe Puzzles:Chess problems:Directmates:Fourteen-move directmate 1.  Hmm.... -- Smjg 10:29, 4 November 2005 (UTC)

 * I see you've started moving them around a bit. Just a small suggestion: I tend to do it top-down.  That is, first move section pages, starting with those at the highest level, before moving the individual puzzle and solution pages within them.  That way, it will be quick and easy to update the navigation header while at each one.  True, there are also links from the section pages to the puzzles to update, but updating these later will be a little easier as there are fewer pages to update them on. -- Smjg 16:54, 8 November 2005 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the suggestion, will implement. --Borbrav 01:16, 9 November 2005 (UTC)

Re: Puzzles
Sorry, I didn't look up Puzzles talk page. I moved these pages because they were hanging in main namespace and were quite confusing to me at recent changes I patrol. I don't have time to help with this book, but when I meet further chapters of Puzzles book I will name them correctly. --Derbeth talk 16:16, 24 November 2005 (UTC)

Thanks for your work on moving the puzzle books. -- LV (Dark Mark) 18:17, 11 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I see you are doing hard job moving all these pages. I think you would like to see such things done automatically in the future. Please, sign your support vote at Staff lounge. --Derbeth talk 18:31, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

tsca.bot
If you have any technical issues, please ask tsca - i'm neither bot author not bot operator. I'm not particularly interested in how bot works - because I know that it just works from my experience (I saw its contributions at sister projects). --Derbeth talk 14:00, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Hello. I am working on it. Quite a lot has been done already. However, I must clarify one thing: the bot is supposed to do mass changes. It doesn't pay to program the bot to edit just one page or to understand all possible inconsistent spellings of one title - such single fixes are better and faster done by hand.
 * So, if there are, say, 30 pages to rename, the bot can move the 28 regular links, but the 2 links whose names do not fit the pattern will have to be moved by hand.
 * In general, your request is nicely documented, but it is not exactly how requests are made. You basically asked me to take part in the concept work and do research. I cannot afford to do that, since I am working on several projects and lack the time. Normally requests for the bot are on a lower level, eg: "all pages linking to [x] must be renamed to [y:title]", or "all links to [d] must be changed to link to [g] instead" - and it only makes sense to ask for a bot if there are more than 10 edits per change to be made. Your request requires more human than automated work. tsca ✉ 13:11, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you. Since I had had no answer on how your bot works, I just proceeded to write a specification of an algorithm by which the work could be done.  What "concept work" or "research" are you claiming I was asking you to do exactly?  I just wrote an algorithm that I believed to be well-defined and implementable straight out of the box.  I also did a few manual tweaks before asking you to run the bot, e.g. on Puzzles:Arithmetical puzzles changing the link text of "Hotel refund" to "Hotel Refund" and other similar cases, with the expectation that it would tell your bot that the new title of the linked-to page should be Puzzles:Arithmetical puzzles:Hotel Refund as per the spec, not Puzzles:Arithmetical puzzles:Hotel refund.  Did you misread this bit of the spec, or decide that this detail wasn't implementable under the constraints?  If the latter, then why didn't you tell me sooner?

 * If the spec was too complicated for you to have time to implement, then we could maybe have found someone else who was willing to program a bot to do it. However, I'm not asking you and your bot to abandon the task right now - while it isn't perfect, at least it's getting some things right, and the page titles it is generating are no worse than the ones we had before. -- Smjg 16:23, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Frankly, I don't see the bit about capitalising the second part of the title (I saw the one about capitalising "Solution", which I did). About the naming of the "chess" pages: I see your point (although your example of Puzzles:Arithmetical puzzles: doesn't suggest avoiding repetitions). tsca ✉ 19:43, 10 February 2006 (UTC)
 * About the chess pages: how do you want to rename Puzzles:Chess problems:Chess directmates:Two-move chess directmate:
 * → Puzzles:Chess problems:Directmates:Two-move chess directmate ?
 * → Puzzles:Chess problems:Directmates:Two-move ?
 * "Pass 2: Tidying up the pages" - let's wait with that until we've finished pass 1
 * For instant communication, I am usually available on jabber: tsca@jabber.gda.pl and irc: #wikislownik @ chat.freenode.net. Or the talk pages, of course.
 * Shouldn't we add categories as well?
 * As said above: if there's just one sub-sub page to move, let's do that manually

 * It's not just capitalisation - that was just an example. What made me wince is that it changed "Luxury Cars - Puzzle" to "Puzzles:Arithmetical puzzles:Luxury Cars - Puzzle" rather than just "Puzzles:Arithmetical puzzles:Luxury Cars" as it would have been if the link text had been honoured as per my spec.  The naming I had thought of using for the chess problems is "Puzzles:Chess problems:Directmates:Two-move directmate ?".  That way, the title is not too bloated while still looking right to the average human reader.  But anyway.... -- Smjg 21:02, 10 February 2006 (UTC)

Wikibooks is not a paper puzzle book?
I am new to Wikibooks but not wikipedia. I read Puzzles:Logic_puzzles:Two_Boys_and_a_River and was going to leave an alternative solution after seeing alternitive solutions on the other puzles in Puzzles:Lateral_puzzles. I created a Username and just checked out User_talk:62.49.166.122 who had left a coment on the talk page with another solution. your explanation of "Wikibooks is not a paper puzzle book" dosn't make sence to me because a search only brings up your post on this policy. Could you please link to the policy page. All the Warnings on Wipidia all have links to the conected policy. Sorry if i am asking wrong but could you please link to this policy beose i asumed a WikiBook would be like Wikipidia in that all the users are colaberating to make the document better. Unless your post was on another coment that user made in that case i am sorry and it is apropeat to post alternive solutions on a talk page.--Yskyflyer 05:49, 28 March 2006 (UTC)

 * As for your comment, you miss the point. If you have a paper puzzle book that you bought from the newsagent, then if you're like many of us then you would solve the puzzles by writing/drawing on them in the book.  On Wikibooks, where one copy is shared by everyone, solving them by writing on the puzzles themselves is nothing but vandalism.  You are of course welcome to contribute solutions to the puzzles.  My point is that this is to be done on the solution page, not on the puzzle page.

I wasn't quoting a Wikibooks policy. I was pointing out what follows directly from: Even if what I was describing an official Wikibooks policy, I don't have to have quoted it word for word, do I? -- Smjg 11:37, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * the nature of Wikibooks and the Puzzles wikibook
 * the existing structure of the Puzzles wikibook
 * common sense

 * Thanks I probably saw one coment the other user made and asumed that was the one you were talking about. Your wording is so persice, makes sence and sounded just like a wiki policy would be wored that i assumed it was an offical policy. and just coulden't find it. (i mean that as a complement)--Yskyflyer 21:40, 29 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I remeber now what i was thinking about Wiki is not paper. This is a policy who's title is close to yours, however Wiki is not paper does not make the same point as you--Yskyflyer 23:42, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Damage!
Cos there aren't enough people checking!!! But thanks for finding it -- Herby talk thyme 19:33, 27 November 2006 (UTC)

RE: You've been thinking too fast
I'm sorry. I didn't know I was altering things that were important to the discussion of the naming policy. I was just altering the links so they would point to articles and not the redirects which I created that night.

I agree that I was thinking too fast. I should have remember what John Wooden said: "Be quick—but don't hurry." --Think Fast 02:40, 17 December 2006 (UTC)

Just to remember you
Policies and guidelines/Vote/Be Bold is running, try to cast your vote (a list of policies/guidelines is available Policies_and_guidelines/Proposed_reform. Txs. --Panic 19:40, 25 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Smjg


text:
How to Write a Research Paper in History/Additional resources

Historiography Introductions
John H. Arnold, History: A Very Short Introduction (London: Oxford University Press, 2000). ISBN 0-19-285352-X

Marc Bloch, The Historian's Craft (New York: Vintage Books, 1953).

Peter Burke, What is Cultural History? (Cambridge: Polity, 2004). ISBN 0-7456-3074-X

John Tosh, The Pursuit of History Revised Third Edition (London: Longman, 2002). ISBN 0-582-77254-0

Research and Writing Guides
Mary Lynn Rampolla, A Pocket Guide to Writing in History Third Edition (Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2001). ISBN 0-312-24766-4

Wayne C. Booth, Gregory G. Colomb, Joseph M. Williams, The Craft of Research Second Edition (Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2003). ISBN 0-226-06568-5 How to write a research paper


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Goblet of Fire/Chapter 5

Synopsis
Harry arrives at the Weasleys' home and is introduced to Bill and Charlie, the two oldest Weasley brothers. Charlie works with dragons in Romania, while Bill, a one-time Head Boy at Hogwarts who now works for Gringotts Wizarding Bank in Egypt, is a surprise: he sports a pony tail, an earring (with what looks like a fang), and Dragon-hide boots.

Fred and George are having a row with their father over them dropping a Ton-Tongue Toffee, apparently deliberately, and causing Harry's cousin Dudley's tongue to grow several feet long. Mrs. Weasley enters the argument, demanding to know if it had anything to do with Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes. Hermione and Ginny enter the room behind Mrs. Weasley; Hermione, to avoid the family argument, suggests they show Harry where he is sleeping.

On the way to Ron's bedroom, Ron and Hermione explain to Harry about "Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes", which are magical tricks and jokes the Twins have invented. What they just escaped was an ongoing battle: Mrs. Weasley wants the Twins to work for the Ministry of Magic, but they want to open their own joke shop.

Ron's room is much the same as it was two years ago, except for his new owl, given to him by Sirius Black, which is bouncing excitedly in its cage. Ginny named it Pigwidgeon, which Ron often shortens to "Pig."

When the fight between Mrs. Weasley and the Twins has apparently ended, Harry, Ron, Hermione, and Ginny return to the kitchen, where they catch a small rant about Fred and George from Mrs. Weasley while she prepares dinner. Outside, Charlie and Bill are jousting with the picnic tables and Crookshanks is chasing Gnomes. As evening falls, the Weasleys, Harry, and Hermione enjoy a lovely dinner in the garden, with home-made strawberry ice cream for dessert. Conversation at the table ranges widely, covering the upcoming Quidditch World Cup, Bill's personal appearance, Sirius Black's whereabouts (this one privately between Harry, Ron and Hermione, as only they know of his innocence), a missing Ministry Witch named Bertha Jorkins, and a top secret event that Percy mentions in apparent hopes that someone will ask him about it, so he can enhance his own importance by refusing to tell them about it.

Analysis
The story is only advanced slightly in this chapter. Much time is devoted to reintroducing the Burrow's atmosphere, the Weasley family home, and contrasting its somewhat grubby friendliness with the Dursley household's overly antiseptic aloofness. This is also the first time the entire Weasley clan has been seen together, and the differences between the seven siblings are evident. The more Bohemian and unconventional Bill and Charlie, displaying an irreverent sense of humor similar to the Twins when they are seen dueling each other with the picnic tables, are a stark contrast to the authoritarian Percy, whose starchy and bossy personality irritates his siblings. Ron is neither rowdy nor sedate and usually feels overwhelmed and intimidated by his talented older brothers. Ginny, being the youngest and the only girl, is able to develop her own magical abilities and strong-willed persona despite from her doting and protective family, though she may feel slightly isolated being the only female child.

Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes is introduced. The Twins are planning to open their own joke shop after leaving Hogwarts, although Mrs. Weasley, who constantly chastises them for wasting time with their incessant pranks, strongly disapproves. Failing to recognize their unique magical talents and entrepreneurial abilities, she instead wants them to pursue more conventional and secure occupations. For American and international readers, it should be noted that a "wheeze" in England can be a joke; the idea is that you laugh so hard it leaves you wheezing.

There is independent confirmation regarding some events in Harry's "dream" from Chapter 1 as well: specifically, that Bertha Jorkins, a Witch who works for the Ministry of Magic, has unexpectedly not yet returned from a vacation in Albania. Bertha appeared in Harry's dream, even if Harry is unable to remember it; and Albania has been mentioned before in conjunction with Voldemort. This is an indication that Voldemort is alive as a separate entity, and that, as predicted, Wormtail has returned to his service.

Review

 * 1) Why does Ron feel overwhelmed by his brothers, while Ginny apparently does not?
 * 2) What secret might Percy be hinting at? Why does no one want to ask him about it?
 * 3) Why is Mr. Weasley so angry about the Twin's prank?
 * 4) Why might Bertha Jorkins be missing? Is anyone actually concerned? Explain.

Further Study

 * 1) It is only two days since Harry's "dream", and Bertha Jorkins' name, mentioned in that dream, has just come up in a conversation that she was in Albania and is now missing. Recalling the end of Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Professor Dumbledore's sources say that Voldemort is hiding in Albania. Why might Harry not have recalled his "dream", with so much prompting?
 * 2) Why is Mrs. Weasley so strongly opposed to the Twins opening their own joke shop? Would working for the Ministry of Magic, as she wants them to, be a good career option for them? Explain.
 * 3) Why does Mrs. Weasley object to Bill's appearance?
 * 4) Compare and contrast the Weasley children's personalities. How does Ron compare to his siblings?

Greater Picture
The dinner table conversation is intriguing in that it foreshadows events in this book, and, to a certain extent, later books.

Mrs. Weasley's ongoing battle with Bill over his long hair will continue until he cuts it for his wedding in book 7. Harry suspects at that time, though, that once Bill is safely out of Mrs. Weasley's range, his hair will be long again.

Percy, meanwhile, is apparently "hiding" some secret, though he seems to be hoping that someone will ask about what he is hinting at, only so he can inflate his own status by refusing to answer. It is revealed later that several characters at the table already know the secret, specifically, Mrs. Weasley, Charlie, and Bill. We can safely assume that it was Mr. Weasley who provided them this information, as we find out later it came from the Ministry. It is interesting to contrast how Percy handles this confidential information with how his family members do. The secret in question is the Triwizard Tournament, a dangerous competition that is being revived after many years. It will form the axis on which the entire book turns, ensnaring Harry in a dangerous plot.

The conversation about Bertha Jorkins, as mentioned, somewhat confirms to us that Harry's dream actually reflected real events. Pettigrew, we will learn, brought Bertha to Albania, where she was then murdered by Voldemort. Before being killed, she revealed information about the Tournament to Voldemort, while also revealing that Barty Crouch Jr., a fanatically devout Death Eater had escaped Azkaban. Bertha further revealed that authorities believed Barty was dead, where he was hiding, and what would be necessary to make him available to execute Voldemort's plan to capture Harry.

Sirius is some distance away. As mentioned, his last few messages were delivered by tropical birds. Harry has sent him a note about his scar hurting, and as soon as he receives it, Sirius will return to England, much against Harry's wishes. Sirius' actual location, though, remains unknown until he arranges to meet with the Trio outside Hogsmeade village.

The Twins' joke shop will be in full operation by Harry's sixth year. It has been mentioned that each twin earns only a handful of OWLs (later revealed to be three apiece), but throughout this book and the next, we will see that the Twins are extremely deft practical Wizards, creating and selling magical materials of amazing quality. In fact, some of their magical wares are so good that the Ministry buys them to protect their less-able Wizards. Harry, Ron, and Hermione will also make significant use of their wares throughout the later part of the series.

Connections

 * Bill's hair will be the despair of Mrs. Weasley, as it has been for so many other mothers of long-haired boys, throughout this visit. She will not comment on it during her visit to Hogwarts with Bill later in this book, possibly because she is present to see Harry compete in the Third Task, but she will convince Bill to cut his hair for his wedding in the seventh book.
 * While we first saw original magical artifacts created by the Twins in the previous chapter, we now find out that these are to be the basis of their chosen career, innovators in the magical jokes field. The process of financing the start-up of their joke shop, Weasleys' Wizard Wheezes, will be a subplot throughout this book, and testing of products for that shop will be a subplot in the next book, as well as something of a bone of contention between the Twins and Hermione. The shop itself will be launched, and we will see it in the following book, at which time we will learn that some of the Weasley products are in use by the Ministry in the battle against Dark wizards.


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Books/Goblet of Fire/Chapter 6

Synopsis
It is far too early the next morning when Harry is awakened by Mrs. Weasley. He, Ron, Ginny, Hermione, and the Twins are traveling with Mr. Weasley, while Percy, Bill, and Charlie will meet them there. Fred and George wanted to Apparate like the older boys, but they are not licensed yet, and without training, they would probably get splinched—leaving parts of themselves behind. Ginny and Hermione complain about the early hour, but Mr. Weasley explains they have a bit of a walk ahead. Harry wonders if they are walking to the Quidditch World Cup. Mr. Weasley starts to explain, but Mrs. Weasley, who has discovered Ton-Tongue Toffees hidden in George's pockets, interrupts. She confiscates all the hidden toffees in the Twins' pockets and cuffs with the "Accio" charm.

Mrs. Weasley, who is staying behind, remains in a bad humour, and neither she not the twins speak to each other before the twins shoulder their bags and stride off.

During the chilly morning walk, Mr. Weasley explains the huge logistical problem in locating a site for approximately one hundred thousand wizards to gather. The Ministry of Magic created a stadium in the backwoods, charming it to look unappealing to Muggles. Transporting so many people without being noticed was also a problem, so the Ministry has arranged for wizards to arrive at camp sites around the stadium over several weeks, with those getting cheaper tickets arriving earlier and staying longer. Additionally, two hundred Portkeys have been located around Britain for those who cannot or will not Apparate. They are using the one at Stoatshead Hill.

At Stoatshead Hill, they meet Cedric Diggory, and his father, Amos. Mr. Diggory makes a big fuss over his son being the Seeker in the only Quidditch match in which Harry's team was beaten the previous year, though Cedric is more modest. Mr. Diggory mentions that the Lovegoods have already left, and the Fawcetts were unable to get tickets. Mr. Weasley checks his watch and has everyone hold onto an old boot. As the countdown reaches zero, Harry feels himself being yanked rapidly through the air, landing hard on the ground. A voice says "Seven past five from Stoatshead Hill."

Analysis
While the Quidditch World Cup may seem more like an interesting and fun diversion to open the story, its importance in introducing a critical and ongoing theme, mutual cooperation, cannot be overemphasized. The World Cup is far more than a mere sporting event—it is a means to unite wizards from many countries. Organizing such a huge international event is a massive venture, requiring extensive planning, collaboration, and coordination among the world's magical populations. It is probably the most difficult wizard undertaking to be kept hidden from Muggles, though, as will be seen, there are occasional security leaks. And while there are the usual rivalries among the teams and fans, it is the commonly shared passion for the sport that bonds the magical community together in a peaceful setting that helps build lasting global recognition, understanding, and harmony. Harry relishes this experience, yet he still fails to realize that if Voldemort is to be defeated, it must be accomplished through a similarly united effort, rather than by one person alone.

More is learned here about Cedric Diggory, who was introduced in the previous book and will play a significant role in this one. Cedric, a Hufflepuff, strongly believes in honesty and fairness, to such an extent that he offered to replay the Quidditch match against Gryffindor (in the previous book); he felt Hufflepuff's win was invalid because the Dementors interfered. His strong ethical sense will play a strong role throughout the story. We can already see differences between Cedric and his father, Amos, and it may be interesting to compare their personalities. It is possible that Cedric and Amos are intended as a contrast to Harry's feelings about his own father, James. Cedric and Amos are quite different people; though both are competitive, Cedric steadfastly believes that virtue and fair competition are paramount, while Amos shades more towards the Slytherin view that advantages are to be taken. Harry should be able to observe here that fathers and sons can be quite different from one another, but, very soon, he will fail to apply this lesson to himself.

We are also shown the Accio spell, which is used for summoning items. Harry may find this particularly useful later on, and it is likely to be used repeatedly throughout the series.

It is Rowling's attention to detail that helps make the Harry Potter books such an intriguing adventure. One hundred thousand wizards are expected to attend the World Cup. Exactly how do so many people travel to such an event without alarming Muggles or revealing the Wizarding world's existence? Harry's introduction to the Portkey demonstrates one way wizards are transported, though, as readers have seen, there are other methods, each with its own limitations. The author's explanation as to how this particular logistical puzzle is managed, while not critical to the storyline here, shows she understands her characters' needs and makes the story more complex, textured, and believable.

We will note that the number of wizards expected for this event can lead us to some conclusions about the wizard population of the world. There is some speculation in the article on Hogwarts about the population of the school and what this means about the number of wizards in the world. In that article, we speculate that the number of wizards worldwide could be either about three hundred thousand, or one million, based on the assumptions we choose. If we are expecting a hundred thousand wizards at this event, a world total population of only three times that seems an unreasonably large attendance rate at any single event; that a solid one third of all the wizards in the entire world would attend seems unlikely in the extreme, particularly given that approximately half of them would be arriving a week or more early, and staying a week or more after the end of the event, based on what Mr. Weasley tells us. The commerce of the Wizarding world would be severely upset by such a mass exodus. Attendance by one tenth of a world Wizarding population of one million is still alarmingly high, but seems less likely to cause an economic failure.

We will further note that in the Muggle world, as of 2012, there are only eleven stadiums capable of holding 100,000 spectators, six of which are in the United States.

Readers should, perhaps, make a mental note regarding how Portkeys work, as they are also quite likely to be seen again.

The Lovegood and Fawcett families are mentioned here, though not actually seen. The author often introduces characters, objects, or places by name prior to their actual appearance, often several books before. Sirius Black was merely mentioned in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone before appearing in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, playing a crucial role. Rowling may want readers to have an early indication that some seemingly insignificant characters may become important later in the storyline.

Review

 * 1) Why is Mrs. Weasley angry at finding a toffee in George's pocket?
 * 2) How does the Ministry keep the arrival of over one hundred thousand wizards secret from Muggles?
 * 3) Why does Mr. Diggory make such a big fuss about Cedric?

Further Study

 * 1) Why would Mrs. Weasley stay behind?
 * 2) Considering the logistical difficulties, why does the Wizarding community choose to undertake such a huge international event?

Greater Picture
The Portkey, which Wizards use to travel from one location to another, becomes a device that will unexpectedly transport Harry and Cedric Diggory into a deadly situation. Creating Portkeys is apparently regulated by the Ministry. Perhaps this is why Portkeys are only used seven times in the entire series: four times in this book (to the World Cup and back, and to the cemetery and back), twice in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (from Dumbledore's office to Headquarters, and from the Ministry to Dumbledore's office), and once in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (from the Tonks' house to The Burrow – though apparently there are five or six other unseen Portkeys in use in that last episode). The Floo Network and Disapparating seem to be more common transportation methods, though, as Mr. Weasley points out, many Wizards avoid Disapparating because Splinching is an inherent risk.

Based on nothing more than the name, we assume that "the Lovegoods" mentioned in this chapter refer to characters which we will see in future books. Luna Lovegood, the Trio's rather odd schoolmate and future fellow Dumbledore's Army member, will be introduced in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. The family also includes Luna's widowed father, Xenophilius, who appears in the final book. The Lovegoods will be invited to Bill Weasley and Fleur Delacour's wedding, which will play a significant part in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Both characters play important roles in that book. Mention in this chapter is apparently intended to indicate that the Lovegood household is within walking distance of Stoatshead Hill, and thus within range of the Burrow; this point will prove important in the final book, as it will mean that Ron knows where to find his home.

The Fawcett family plays no particular role in the book, though there is a student, identified only as Fawcett, who has a small part in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.

Connections

 * Mention of the Lovegoods here establishes that their home, like the Fawcetts' and the Diggorys', is within walking distance of The Burrow. When discussion with Xeno Lovegood becomes necessary in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, it is only because of this physical closeness that Ron is able to find the Lovegood home. This careful mention of the Lovegood family at this point indicates that the plot was at least well enough developed to require the existence of the Quibbler, and its anti-Ministry stance, in future books. It also suggests that the author had already determined that this would result in Harry's needing to visit Xeno in the final book.


text:
Mac OS X Tiger/Using your Mac as a Web Server

Starting the Apache web server
Using Mac OS X as a web server is easier than you might think. The reason for this is that Mac OS X is shipped with the powerful and widely used Apache web server software built right in.

To begin, open Applications > System Preferences (look for it in the Dock) and go to the Sharing pane. Under the Services tab, check Personal Web Sharing or select it and click Start. The Apache web server should now be running and will automatically start everytime your computer boots unless you change the settings in the System Preferences.

Because Apache runs as a background service or daemon and not a normal application, it won't appear as an item in the Dock when it's running.

Setting up your web pages
Open a web browser - like Safari - and type in localhost in the address bar. You should see a page that says something along the lines of "Seeing this instead of the website you expected?" This message is the default page that the Apache web server will show when it's first installed. It means that Apache is configured and working correctly and that you're ready to put your site up!

Naturally, you don't want people to see the default homepage when they go to your web site, you want them to see your own web page. To do this, open a Finder window and go to /Library/WebServer/Documents/. You should see a group of HTML and image files including one called index.html. These files are used in the default Apache page you just viewed.

You can delete these files (or put them somewhere else if you want) and you'll then be ready to put your own web pages in this folder. When you've put your own HTML and image files into the /Library/WebServer/Documents/ folder, go back to localhost in your browser and refresh the page. You should now see your web pages instead of the default Apache one. Give yourself a pat on the back, you have now established a web server! However, you are not quite done yet...

Giving others access to your web site
Now you've got your web server set up, you need to give people an address to visit your web site.

This part of the tutorial assumes that your computer is connected directly to the internet and isn't behind a firewall or connected using a network hub or DSL router. If your computer is connected through a router, you may need to consult the manual that came with it to enable port forwarding a facility that allows your Apache web server to send data to the internet via the router. The built in Mac OS X firewall automatically allows Apache to send web pages to the internet but other firewall software may differ.

If your computer is connected directly to the internet, you could just give people the IP address of your computer which you can find out using WhatIsMyIP but there can be problems with doing this...

The problems start because most internet service providers (ISPs) give their home user's computers a new dynamic IP address each time they connect to the internet. The IP address is used to identify each individual computer on the internet. This means that as your computer's unique IP address changes, the corresponding address of your website will change and therefore any links and bookmarks to your site will stop working!

Fortunately there's a solution to this problem called DynDNS, a service that forwards visitors to a web address of your choice (URL) to your dynamic IP address. All you have to do is register with DynDNS, download the Mac OS X client program, set it up and it will automatically update your DynDNS account with your IP address whenever it changes.

If you are lucky enough to have a static IP (which doesn't ever change) then you won't need a DynDNS account, but you might want to buy a domain name so people don't have to type in a number to visit your page. DynDNS also offers you free domain names for static IPs.

Once you're set up with DynDNS, you can get to your website by typing in the domain name you chose to use with them (note sometimes, the DynDNS service takes a while to update when you first set up your account).

Apache isn't running
If you can't see pages on your web server from your own computer, check that Apache is running. In the Finder, open the menu Go > Utilities and open the Activity Monitor application. In the window that appears, look for an item in the list of running processes called httpd. This is the Apache web server and if its missing from the list, Apache isn't running.

To start Apache, you can either turn on Web sharing in the Sharing pane of the System Preferences or go into the Terminal and type sudo apachectl restart followed by your password when prompted for it.

Can't access your site from your own computer
If Apache is running and you can't see your website from the Mac it's running on, check that the address bar says either http://127.0.0.1/ or http://localhost/. If it does, check that you have put some files into your Apache web sites folder.

Can't access your website from the internet
If Apache is running but you can't see your website from a computer outside your network or by typing in a DynDNS address, there may be a network problem preventing computers outside your network from connecting to your Mac. Check your router to see if port forwarding is enabled and configured correctly.

If you still can't get to your website from outside your home network, If it is enabled, check that your ISP allows you to operate webservers on their network. Some ISPs block TCP/IP port 80 which is used for the HTTP protocol used by web servers and browsers. If this port is blocked, then you will have to use dyndns or no-ip.com to bypass port 80 and use another port such as 8080. This need to configure your apache too.

Web pages for multiple users
If you have more than one user set up on your Mac OS X computer, you may be interested to know that each of these users can have their own web site as well. You might have noticed that every user on Mac OS X has a folder in their home directory called Sites.

HTML and other web page files you put into this folder can be viewed by opening the URL http://localhost/~username/ in a web browser where username is the shorthand version of your Mac OS X user account name (the name of your home folder in the Finder).

Security Considerations
There are some important issues to consider if your Mac hosts a webserver exposed to the internet. This is especially true if you use scripts (like perl, PHP, JSP, etc.) It's worth taking the time to get informed. Also, if you don't know what you're doing, do not attempt to configure Apache manually.


text:
User:Pandemix~enwikibooks

see my profile on Wikipedia

title: User:Pandemix~enwikibooks


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book

__NOINDEX__

Material from this book is preserved for historical purposes and is being incorporated into other books where applicable by the Wikibooks community.

Contents
ADRA (9) Arts and Crafts (81) Health and Science (18) Household Arts (18) Nature (78) Outdoor Industries (15) Outreach (32) Recreation (91) Vocational (39)

title: Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book


text:
User talk:24.155.109.191

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you.

title: User talk:24.155.109.191


text:
User talk:70.27.182.77

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you.

title: User talk:70.27.182.77


text: User talk:129.11.102.114

title: User talk:129.11.102.114


text: User talk:69.14.234.96

title: User talk:69.14.234.96


text:
User talk:Oije

Nice work there, Oije. Going to bed again right now, so have a good night.

All known skills are updated now; Oije 10:38, 21 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:Oije


text:
Budget Watch Collecting/Contributing

You can edit and contribute to most wiki projects, including this one. If you've got something useful, please contribute, even if you can't spell, or you don't know how to format to match the rest of the site-the information is the most important, someone else can (and probably will) fix any errors or formatting mistakes.

If you have an idea, think of a good title for your contribution. Click on the "edit" tab of the Budget Watch Collecting title pages, or the most appropriate sub-section, and add your title like this:

Budget Watch Collecting/your title

Then click save. You'll be on the page you just added your title, which should show up in red. (If it is blue, you've picked an already-used title, so go back and make it more specific). Click on the red link you just created--That will take you to the edit page where you can add your text.

The square brackets are how you link to any wikibooks page. To add a link to an outside webpage, use single square brackets, the URL, a space, then the clickable text you want. The best search engine

becomes

The best search engine

A note about pictures

Wikibooks doesn't allow outside pictures, so you MUST upload pictures by clicking on the "upload file" link in the sidebar. Pictures must be either public domain, or under a Wikimedia compatible license. Picture names must be unique within the entire Wiki project--If you try to upload a file with a "used" name, you'll get a warning message asking if you want to replace the already existing file.

To use a picture once it has been uploaded (or any existing Wikibooks or Wiki Commons picture) use the format

I name the pictures with a descriptive filename, followed by the last 3 or 4 numbers of the original filename.

title: Budget Watch Collecting/Contributing


text: User talk:PMacUidhir

title: User talk:PMacUidhir


text:
Category:Book:TeX

ko:분류:TeX

title: Category:Book:TeX


text:
User:Ewlyahoocom~enwikibooks/Monobook.css

body { background-image: url(/images/5/50/Background_monobook.gif); background-repeat: repeat; }
 * 1) 	background-color: #333333;


text:
User talk:66.245.28.41

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
 * The use of a username of your choice
 * The ability to view all your contributions via a "My contributions" link
 * Your own user page
 * Your own talk page which, if you choose, also allows users to send you messages without knowing your e-mail address
 * The use of your own personal watchlist to which you can add articles that interest you
 * The ability to rename pages.
 * The ability to upload images
 * The ability to customize the appearance and behavior of the website
 * The eligibility to become an administrator
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We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

--Derbeth 08:11, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:66.245.28.41


text: User talk:60.26.36.179

title: User talk:60.26.36.179


text:
User talk:68.71.104.192

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
 * The use of a username of your choice
 * The ability to view all your contributions via a "My contributions" link
 * Your own user page
 * Your own talk page which, if you choose, also allows users to send you messages without knowing your e-mail address
 * The use of your own personal watchlist to which you can add articles that interest you
 * The ability to rename pages.
 * The ability to upload images
 * The ability to customize the appearance and behavior of the website
 * The eligibility to become an administrator
 * The right to be heard in votes and elections
 * Your IP address will no longer be visible to other users.

We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

title: User talk:68.71.104.192


text:
Talk:Poker/Bluffing

Semi-bluffing into TPTK will get you raised and destroy your pot odds. -Iopq 08:19, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:Poker/Bluffing


text:
User talk:71.112.204.182

Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikibooks.

title: User talk:71.112.204.182


text: User talk:24.16.151.57

title: User talk:24.16.151.57