text:
Openbravo POS/Developer guide/Database Diagram XML Source

To edit the ../Database Diagram/, open the following xml with DBDesigner. http://fabforce.net/dbdesigner4/ The xml is provided by Adrian Romero and he said it was slightly outdated as of December 27, 2005. https://sourceforge.net/forum/forum.php?thread_id=1402802&forum_id=434921

                </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <RELATIONS_START> <RELATION_START ID="2205" /> </RELATIONS_START> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2069" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2066" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> <INDEX ID="2070" IndexName="CLOSEDCASH_INX_1" IndexKind="1" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2068" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2071" ColName="ID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2072" ColName="TICKETID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2073" ColName="HOST" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2074" ColName="CONTENT" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="24" DatatypeParams="" Width="-1" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2075" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2072" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> <INDEX ID="2076" IndexName="EDITTICKETS_INX_1" IndexKind="1" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2073" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2077" ColName="ID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2079" ColName="IMAGE" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="24" DatatypeParams="" Width="-1" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <RELATIONS_START> <RELATION_START ID="2240" /> </RELATIONS_START> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2080" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2077" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2081" ColName="NAME" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2082" ColName="APPPASSWORD" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2083" ColName="ROLE" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2084" ColName="VISIBLE" PrevColName="" Pos="4" idDatatype="1" DatatypeParams="" Width="1" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2085" ColName="IMAGE" PrevColName="" Pos="5" idDatatype="24" DatatypeParams="" Width="-1" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2086" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2081" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2087" ColName="NAME" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2088" ColName="X" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2089" ColName="Y" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2090" ColName="FLOOR" PrevColName="" Pos="4" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="1" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <RELATIONS_END> <RELATION_END ID="2240" /> </RELATIONS_END> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2091" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2087" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2093" ColName="REFERENCE" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2094" ColName="CODE" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2095" ColName="NAME" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2096" ColName="PRICEBUY" PrevColName="" Pos="4" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2097" ColName="PRICESELL" PrevColName="" Pos="5" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2098" ColName="CATEGORY" PrevColName="" Pos="6" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="1" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2099" ColName="TAX" PrevColName="" Pos="7" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="1" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2100" ColName="STOCKSECURITY" PrevColName="" Pos="8" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2101" ColName="STOCKCOST" PrevColName="" Pos="9" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2102" ColName="STOCKVOLUME" PrevColName="" Pos="10" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2103" ColName="IMAGE" PrevColName="" Pos="11" idDatatype="24" DatatypeParams="" Width="-1" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <RELATIONS_START> <RELATION_START ID="2173" /> <RELATION_START ID="2202" /> <RELATION_START ID="2212" /> <RELATION_START ID="2221" /> </RELATIONS_START> <RELATIONS_END> <RELATION_END ID="2167" /> <RELATION_END ID="2171" /> </RELATIONS_END> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2104" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2093" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> <INDEX ID="2107" IndexName="PRODUCTS_INX_1" IndexKind="1" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2094" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2108" ColName="REFERENCE" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="1" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <RELATIONS_END> <RELATION_END ID="2173" /> </RELATIONS_END> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2109" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2108" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2110" ColName="TICKETID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="1" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2111" ColName="TICKETLINE" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2112" ColName="PRODUCT" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="1" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2113" ColName="UNITS" PrevColName="" Pos="4" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2114" ColName="PRICE" PrevColName="" Pos="5" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2115" ColName="TAXRATE" PrevColName="" Pos="6" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <RELATIONS_END> <RELATION_END ID="2206" /> <RELATION_END ID="2212" /> </RELATIONS_END> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2116" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2110" LengthParam="0" /> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2111" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2118" ColName="ID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2119" ColName="DATENEW" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="15" DatatypeParams="" Width="19" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2120" ColName="TITLE" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2121" ColName="CHAIRS" PrevColName="" Pos="4" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2122" ColName="ISDONE" PrevColName="" Pos="5" idDatatype="1" DatatypeParams="" Width="1" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2123" ColName="DESCRIPTION" PrevColName="" Pos="6" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2124" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2118" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> <INDEX ID="2125" IndexName="RESERVATIONS_INX_1" IndexKind="1" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2119" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2126" ColName="ID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2127" ColName="NAME" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2128" ColName="RESTYPE" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2129" ColName="CONTENT" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="24" DatatypeParams="" Width="-1" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2130" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2127" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2131" ColName="PRODUCT" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="1" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2132" ColName="UNITS" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <RELATIONS_END> <RELATION_END ID="2202" /> </RELATIONS_END> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2133" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2131" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2134" ColName="ID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2135" ColName="DATENEW" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="15" DatatypeParams="" Width="19" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2136" ColName="REASON" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2137" ColName="PRODUCT" PrevColName="" Pos="4" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="1" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2138" ColName="UNITS" PrevColName="" Pos="5" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2139" ColName="PRICE" PrevColName="" Pos="6" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <RELATIONS_END> <RELATION_END ID="2221" /> </RELATIONS_END> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2140" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2134" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> <INDEX ID="2142" IndexName="STOCKDIARY_INX_1" IndexKind="1" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2135" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2143" ColName="ID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2144" ColName="ID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2145" ColName="NAME" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2146" ColName="RATE" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="9" DatatypeParams="" Width="22" Prec="31" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <RELATIONS_START> <RELATION_START ID="2167" /> </RELATIONS_START> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2147" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2144" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2148" ColName="TICKETID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2149" ColName="DATENEW" PrevColName="" Pos="2" idDatatype="15" DatatypeParams="" Width="19" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2150" ColName="HOST" PrevColName="" Pos="3" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2151" ColName="PERSON" PrevColName="" Pos="4" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2152" ColName="PAYMENT" PrevColName="" Pos="5" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="0" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> <COLUMN ID="2153" ColName="MONEY" PrevColName="" Pos="6" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="1" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <RELATIONS_START> <RELATION_START ID="2206" /> </RELATIONS_START> <RELATIONS_END> <RELATION_END ID="2205" /> </RELATIONS_END> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2154" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2148" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> <INDEX ID="2155" IndexName="TICKETS_INX_1" IndexKind="1" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2149" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2156" ColName="ID" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="5" DatatypeParams="" Width="11" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="0" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS>

 <COLUMNS> <COLUMN ID="2157" ColName="VERSION" PrevColName="" Pos="1" idDatatype="20" DatatypeParams="(100)" Width="100" Prec="0" PrimaryKey="1" NotNull="1" AutoInc="0" IsForeignKey="0" DefaultValue="" Comments=""> <OPTIONSELECTED> <OPTIONSELECT Value="0" /> </OPTIONSELECTED> </COLUMN> </COLUMNS> <INDICES> <INDEX ID="2158" IndexName="PRIMARY" IndexKind="0" FKRefDef_Obj_id="-1"> <INDEXCOLUMNS> <INDEXCOLUMN idColumn="2157" LengthParam="0" /> </INDEXCOLUMNS> </INDEX> </INDICES>
 </TABLES> <RELATIONS> <RELATION ID="2167" RelationName="PRODUCTS_FK_2" Kind="2" SrcTable="2058" DestTable="2049" FKFields="ID=TAX\n" FKFieldsComments="\n" relDirection="4" MidOffset="0" OptionalStart="0" OptionalEnd="0" CaptionOffsetX="0" CaptionOffsetY="0" StartIntervalOffsetX="0" StartIntervalOffsetY="0" EndIntervalOffsetX="0" EndIntervalOffsetY="0" CreateRefDef="0" Invisible="0" RefDef="Matching=0\nOnDelete=3\nOnUpdate=3\n" Comments="" FKRefDefIndex_Obj_id="-1" Splitted="0" IsLinkedObject="0" IDLinkedModel="-1" Obj_id_Linked="-1" OrderPos="22" /> <RELATION ID="2171" RelationName="PRODUCTS_FK_1" Kind="2" SrcTable="2042" DestTable="2049" FKFields="ID=CATEGORY\n" FKFieldsComments="\n" relDirection="4" MidOffset="0" OptionalStart="0" OptionalEnd="0" CaptionOffsetX="0" CaptionOffsetY="0" StartIntervalOffsetX="0" StartIntervalOffsetY="0" EndIntervalOffsetX="0" EndIntervalOffsetY="0" CreateRefDef="1" Invisible="0" RefDef="Matching=0\nOnDelete=3\nOnUpdate=3\n" Comments="" FKRefDefIndex_Obj_id="-1" Splitted="0" IsLinkedObject="0" IDLinkedModel="-1" Obj_id_Linked="-1" OrderPos="23" /> <RELATION ID="2173" RelationName="PRODUCTS_CAT_FK_1" Kind="5" SrcTable="2049" DestTable="2050" FKFields="REFERENCE=REFERENCE\n" FKFieldsComments="\n" relDirection="3" MidOffset="0" OptionalStart="0" OptionalEnd="0" CaptionOffsetX="0" CaptionOffsetY="0" StartIntervalOffsetX="0" StartIntervalOffsetY="0" EndIntervalOffsetX="0" EndIntervalOffsetY="0" CreateRefDef="1" Invisible="0" RefDef="Matching=0\nOnDelete=3\nOnUpdate=3\n" Comments="" FKRefDefIndex_Obj_id="-1" Splitted="0" IsLinkedObject="0" IDLinkedModel="-1" Obj_id_Linked="-1" OrderPos="24" /> <RELATION ID="2202" RelationName="STOCKCURRENT_FK_1" Kind="5" SrcTable="2049" DestTable="2055" FKFields="REFERENCE=PRODUCT\n" FKFieldsComments="\n" relDirection="4" MidOffset="-46" OptionalStart="0" OptionalEnd="0" CaptionOffsetX="0" CaptionOffsetY="0" StartIntervalOffsetX="0" StartIntervalOffsetY="0" EndIntervalOffsetX="0" EndIntervalOffsetY="0" CreateRefDef="1" Invisible="0" RefDef="Matching=0\nOnDelete=3\nOnUpdate=3\n" Comments="" FKRefDefIndex_Obj_id="-1" Splitted="0" IsLinkedObject="0" IDLinkedModel="-1" Obj_id_Linked="-1" OrderPos="25" /> <RELATION ID="2205" RelationName="TICKETS_GK_1" Kind="2" SrcTable="2043" DestTable="2059" FKFields="MONEY=MONEY\n" FKFieldsComments="\n" relDirection="1" MidOffset="0" OptionalStart="0" OptionalEnd="0" CaptionOffsetX="0" CaptionOffsetY="0" StartIntervalOffsetX="0" StartIntervalOffsetY="0" EndIntervalOffsetX="0" EndIntervalOffsetY="0" CreateRefDef="0" Invisible="0" RefDef="Matching=0\nOnDelete=3\nOnUpdate=3\n" Comments="" FKRefDefIndex_Obj_id="-1" Splitted="0" IsLinkedObject="0" IDLinkedModel="-1" Obj_id_Linked="-1" OrderPos="26" /> <RELATION ID="2206" RelationName="PRODUCTSOUT_FK_1" Kind="1" SrcTable="2059" DestTable="2051" FKFields="TICKETID=TICKETID\n" FKFieldsComments="\n" relDirection="2" MidOffset="0" OptionalStart="0" OptionalEnd="0" CaptionOffsetX="0" CaptionOffsetY="0" StartIntervalOffsetX="0" StartIntervalOffsetY="0" EndIntervalOffsetX="0" EndIntervalOffsetY="0" CreateRefDef="1" Invisible="0" RefDef="Matching=0\nOnDelete=3\nOnUpdate=3\n" Comments="" FKRefDefIndex_Obj_id="-1" Splitted="0" IsLinkedObject="0" IDLinkedModel="-1" Obj_id_Linked="-1" OrderPos="27" /> <RELATION ID="2212" RelationName="PRODUCTSOUT_FK_2" Kind="2" SrcTable="2049" DestTable="2051" FKFields="REFERENCE=PRODUCT\n" FKFieldsComments="\n" relDirection="4" MidOffset="-67" OptionalStart="0" OptionalEnd="0" CaptionOffsetX="0" CaptionOffsetY="0" StartIntervalOffsetX="0" StartIntervalOffsetY="0" EndIntervalOffsetX="0" EndIntervalOffsetY="0" CreateRefDef="1" Invisible="0" RefDef="Matching=0\nOnDelete=3\nOnUpdate=3\n" Comments="" FKRefDefIndex_Obj_id="-1" Splitted="0" IsLinkedObject="0" IDLinkedModel="-1" Obj_id_Linked="-1" OrderPos="28" /> <RELATION ID="2221" RelationName="STOCKDIARY_FK_1" Kind="2" SrcTable="2049" DestTable="2056" FKFields="REFERENCE=PRODUCT\n" FKFieldsComments="\n" relDirection="4" MidOffset="-24" OptionalStart="0" OptionalEnd="0" CaptionOffsetX="0" CaptionOffsetY="0" StartIntervalOffsetX="0" StartIntervalOffsetY="0" EndIntervalOffsetX="0" EndIntervalOffsetY="0" CreateRefDef="1" Invisible="0" RefDef="Matching=0\nOnDelete=3\nOnUpdate=3\n" Comments="" FKRefDefIndex_Obj_id="-1" Splitted="0" IsLinkedObject="0" IDLinkedModel="-1" Obj_id_Linked="-1" OrderPos="29" /> <RELATION ID="2240" RelationName="Rel_19" Kind="2" SrcTable="2046" DestTable="2048" FKFields="ID=FLOOR\n" FKFieldsComments="\n" relDirection="4" MidOffset="0" OptionalStart="0" OptionalEnd="0" CaptionOffsetX="0" CaptionOffsetY="0" StartIntervalOffsetX="0" StartIntervalOffsetY="0" EndIntervalOffsetX="0" EndIntervalOffsetY="0" CreateRefDef="1" Invisible="0" RefDef="Matching=0\nOnDelete=3\nOnUpdate=3\n" Comments="" FKRefDefIndex_Obj_id="-1" Splitted="0" IsLinkedObject="0" IDLinkedModel="-1" Obj_id_Linked="-1" OrderPos="30" /> </RELATIONS> <NOTES> </NOTES> <IMAGES> </IMAGES> </METADATA> <PLUGINDATA> <PLUGINDATARECORDS> <PLUGINDATARECORD PluginName="HTMLReport" Obj_id="-1" DataValue="nil"> <PLUGINDATAPARAMS> <PLUGINDATAPARAM Value="SelectedTables=categories;closedcash;closedcashnum;edittickets;floors;people;places;PRODUCTS;PRODUCTS_CAT;productsout;reservations;reservationsnum;resources;stockcurrent;stockdiary;stockdiarynum;taxes;tickets;ticketsnum;tinapos;" /> </PLUGINDATAPARAMS> </PLUGINDATARECORD> </PLUGINDATARECORDS> </PLUGINDATA> <QUERYDATA> <QUERYRECORDS> </QUERYRECORDS> </QUERYDATA> <LINKEDMODELS> </LINKEDMODELS> </DBMODEL>


text:
Speech-Language Pathology/Stuttering/Famous People Who Stutter/Athletes

Some stutterers compensate for their speech difficulties by excelling at non-verbal activities, such as sports. But you'll see that top athletes must do more than score points in a game.

Bob Love, Basketball Player
Bob Love (1942- ) was a three-time NCAA All-Star and led the Chicago Bulls in scoring for seven consecutive seasons. Reporters rarely interviewed him. "I would score 45 points, go into the locker room, and all the reporters would come down," Love recalls. "Everybody would pass me by."

Love retired in 1977. Because of his stuttering he went from one dead-end job to another. The low point was in 1985, at the age of 42, when a restaurant hired Love as a $4.45/hour busboy. Love had tried speech therapy twice before without success. He tried again. After a year of stuttering therapy, Love began public speaking. As a boy, he had a dream of standing on a podium, speaking to thousands of people. Love gave motivational speeches to churches, high school students, and other groups. He's now director of community relations and spokesman for the Bulls. "It's hard to believe I make a living speaking. It's a dream come true. I held onto my dreams, and I tell kids they have to hold on to theirs."

Bill Walton, Basketball Player
Bill Walton (1952- ) led UCLA to two NCAA titles, and the Portland Trailblazers and Boston Celtics to NBA championships. His stuttering was so severe that he couldn't say simple phrases like "thank you."

Today, Walton has overcome his stuttering and works as a sports commentator for NBC Sports.

As Walton was battling stuttering through childhood, college, and his professional career, he used basketball as a sanctuary, a place where he didn't have to think about his speech. The challenges in his personal life pushed him to become one of the best players on the court.

Amazingly, on the court, he could not only play ball, he could speak, too. Or at least yell. "I never had any trouble yelling at the refs," Walton said. "In the heat of the game…when it was just totally spontaneous, I could get out there and really scream and yell at the refs. But it was only in basketball, and it was only at the refs."

When each game ended, Walton stuttered again.

"During college, the teasing was tough," he said. "I had a speech class one year, and they laughed me out of the class." It didn't matter to his classmates that he was the college basketball Player of the Year. "I was trying to make it in school, and they just laughed me out of the class."

At awards ceremonies and media events, Walton shied away from microphones. He even had other people speak on his behalf. "When I had to actually formulate words and make a statement, I could not do it at all," he recalls.

In the NBA, he faced some of the toughest and most legendary players in the history of the game. Playing basketball with Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Larry Bird (no relation to stutterer Larry Burd) came naturally. Speaking, still, did not.

After he retired from basketball, the sanctuary was gone. The hiding place that had protected him for 28 years could shelter him no longer. But his love for the game helped him with stuttering.

According to Walton, long-time friend and Hall of Fame broadcaster Marty Glickman pulled him aside at a social event and said, "You've got to learn how to talk."

"He gave me some very basic tips, and I applied those tips to the learning techniques I learned from my coach at UCLA John Wooden about how to develop as a basketball player," Walton explained. "I thought about fundamentals and how to start with the basics like the ability to mechanically duplicate moves on the basketball court. And I just applied that to speaking."

So Walton learned to speak, just as he had learned basketball years before. Not only did he stop stuttering, he found a way back—through sports commentating—to the game he loved so much.

When he began broadcasting for NBC Sports, all of his fears resurfaced. Off the court, he was still afraid to talk. He describes his first broadcast as "painful" but knows now that the worst is over. "I used to be really embarrassed about stuttering. But now I realize that it's something that is a part of me…something that I have to deal with and work on every day. If I don't work on it, I'm not going to be able to do my job. It's always a challenge," Walton said. He doesn't mind the challenge—that's what makes him strive to do his best.

Walton challenges others to get on top of stuttering too. "It's important to know that help is out there. The ability to learn how to talk is easily the greatest thing I've ever done. Winning two NCAA championships and two NBA titles was nice, but I knew it was going to happen. But learning how to speak has given me a whole new life. I have been set free."

Other Athletes
Other athletes who stutter include Olympic diver and gay advocate Greg Louganis (1960- ).; golfer Ken Venturi (1931- ), who won 1961 U.S. Open, and is now a commentator for CBS Sports.; and Swedish Golfer Sophie Gustafson (1973- ), who doesn't stutter when singing karaoke.

Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson (1961- ) ran the fastest 100-meters ever, but then tested positive for steroids. "He speaks with a heavy Jamaican accent made at times incomprehensible by a stutter."

Jake Steinfeld, bodybuilder and television fitness trainer.

Baseball pitcher Tommy John (1943- ) was a four-time All-Star, and was the winning pitcher in two World Series games.

When Ty Cobb (1886-1961) retired from baseball in 1928 he was the holder of ninety major league records and he received the most votes of the first five players elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame, in 1936.

Baseball and football pro Bo Jackson (1962- ) wrote:

My teachers thought I couldn't read. I could read, but I'd never read aloud because I stuttered. The other kids would laugh at me, and I became a recluse. I was angry at myself and at them, and it often resulted in my beating someone up after school. I had to live with it for eight or nine years, but I finally decided to pay it no attention and forced myself to do everything from reading in class to making speeches. Eventually, I learned to relax and take my time.

 * 1) Lawrence, M. "A Man of Many Words." Sports Illustrated, v79, n18, November 1, 1993, p.91.
 * 2) Reprinted with permission from the Stuttering Foundation of America newsletter, Spring/Summer 1996.
 * 3) Louganis, G., Marcus, E. Breaking The Surface. New York: Random House, 1995.
 * 4) Venturi, Ken. Stuttering Foundation of America newsletter, 1994.
 * 5) Kram, Mark. "Ben Still Needs To Run," Outside, Vol. 23, no. 12, December 1998.
 * 6) New York Daily News, November 12, 1997
 * 7) Gathman, Bob. "Tommy John," The Speak Easy Newsletter, 18:1 (Spring 1998).
 * 8) Stump, Al. Cobb: A Biography.
 * 9) Ghostwriter, 1993 (PBS drama series focused on illiteracy).

 * Next: Writers and Photographers

 * Back to Table of Contents

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Speech-Language Pathology/Stuttering/Famous People Who Stutter/Writers and Photographers

Essayist Thomas Carlyle wrote of novelist and stutterer Henry James (1843-1916), author of The Portrait of a Lady and Turn of the Screw: "A stammering man is never a worthless one…It is an excess of delicacy, excess of sensibility to the presence of his fellow-creature, that makes him stammer."

Contemporary fiction authors who stutter include horror writer Peter Straub (1943- ; Shadowland, Ghost Story); mystery writer Paul Johnson (Killing the Blues), and David Shields (Dead Languages includes a funny short story about his childhood experiences in school speech therapy).

John Updike (1932- ; the Rabbit series, Brazil) believes that his stuttering is precipitated when "I feel myself in a false position," such as guilt of being "in the wrong."

Nature writer and editor Edward Hoagland (The Snow Leopard) not only stutters, but was blind for several years. His wrote of this experience in Tigers & Ice. Zoologist Alan Rabinowitz's book Beyond the Last Village (2002) recounts both his explorations in Asia searching for endangered wildlife, and his experiences stuttering.

Benson Bobrick has written popular histories of the English Bible, the American Revolution, Russia and Siberia, and a history of stuttering, Knotted Tongues (1995).

Marty Jezer (died 2005) wrote a history of the 1950s, biographies of Abbie Hoffman and Rachel Carson, and an autobiography, Stuttering: A Life Bound Up in Words (1997).

Publishers who stutter include Henry Luce (1898-1967), founder of Time magazine and Sports Illustrated; and Walter Annenberg (1908-2002), founder of TV Guide and Seventeen. In 1993, Annenberg donated $500 million to improve American schools.

Photographers
P.F. Bentley photographed Bill Clinton's 1992 campaign for the book Clinton: Portrait of Victory.

Howard Bingham, friend of Muhammed Ali and O.J. Simpson, stuttered as a witness in Simpson's trial. Growing up, Bingham "endured the usual teasing from schoolmates because of his stuttering. In high school…he hid behind his stuttering and didn't volunteer for anything." His friendship with Muhammed Ali began in 1962, continued through photographing the Black Panther Party and "virtually every significant urban uprising" in the 1960s. Bingham later worked as Bill Cosby's photographer. He wrote the book Muhammad Ali: A Thirty Year Journey, and worked for years to get his friend the honor of lighting the Olympic flame that started the 1996 Atlanta Games. Ironically, Bingham now sometimes has to talk for Ali, due to Ali having Parkinson's disease.

 * 1) Bobrick, Benson. Knotted Tongues. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1995
 * 2) Gross, Terry. Fresh Air, August 15, 2000
 * 3) Interviewed on National Public Radio's All Things Considered.
 * 4) Bobrick, Benson. Knotted Tongues. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1995
 * 5) Stuttering Foundation of America newsletter, Summer 2002.
 * 6) Wallichenski, David. Book of Lists (Boston: Little, Brown, 1995); Fonzi, Gaeton. Annenberg. New York: Weybright & Talley, 1969; Toch, Thomas, "One man's gift to public education." U.S. News & World Report, November 1, 1993, v115, n17, p20.
 * 7) Zimmerman, I. "Photography That Speaks Volumes" ADVANCE For Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists, 7:50, March 23, 1998, page 22.

 * Next: Political and Business Leaders

 * Back to Table of Contents


text:
C Sharp Programming/Keywords/set

The special identifier is used to declare the write accessor for a property.

/Keywords

title: C Sharp Programming/Keywords/set


text:
C Sharp Programming/Keywords/get

The special identifier is used to declare the read accessor for a property.

/Keywords

title: C Sharp Programming/Keywords/get


text:
C Sharp Programming/Keywords/return

The keyword is used to return execution from a method or from a property accessor. If the method or property accessor has a return type, the keyword is followed by the value to return.

/Keywords

title: C Sharp Programming/Keywords/return


text:
C Sharp Programming/Keywords/value

The special identifier is used in a property's write accessor to represent the value requested for assignment to the property.

/Keywords

title: C Sharp Programming/Keywords/value


text:
C Sharp Programming/Keywords/null

The keyword represents an empty value for a reference type variable, i.e. for a variable of any type derived from. In C# 2.0, also represents the empty value for nullable value type variables.

/Keywords

title: C Sharp Programming/Keywords/null


text:
C Sharp Programming/Keywords/internal

The  keyword is an access modifier used in field, method, and property declarations to make the field, method, or property internal to its enclosing assembly. That is, it is only visible within the assembly that implements it.

/Keywords

title: C Sharp Programming/Keywords/internal


text:
Biochemistry/Peptide Bond Formation

The biochemical mechanism of peptide bond formation is below. For a more chemical description, please consult the Organic Chemistry textbook.

''Note: As with any biochemical mechanism, the following is enzyme-catalyzed and does not occur spontaneously in the cell. Enzyme active sites are left out for clarity.''

Biochemical Mechanism
The addition of a the amino-terminus of an amino acid to the carboxy-terminus of a second amino acid goes through two primary steps:
 * 1) Carboxylate Activation
 * 2) Nucleophilic Addition/Formation of the tetrahedral intermediate
 * 3) Collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate

Carboxylate Activation
The carbonyl lone pair of the carboxy-terminal carbonyl attacks the terminal phosphate on a molecule of ATP via an SN2 reaction. The ADP acts as a leaving group, and the hydroxyl group on the carboxylate donates into the forming carbocation. Finally, the new carbonyl on the now phosphate ester is deprotonated.

Nucleophilic Addition
The lone pair of the amino-terminus on the second amino acid attacks the carbonyl carbon of the phosphate ester, forming a tetrahedral intermediate with four substituents on the former carbonyl carbon: the oxylate ion, the phosphate, the nucleophile, and the alpha carbon of the first amino acid. Finally, the amine nucleophile is deprotonated to a neutral state.

Collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate
A lone pair on the oxylate ion collapses on the phosphate carbon, and the inorganic phosphate is lost as a leaving group. The resulting bond is an amide bond between the carbonyl carbon and the amine group.

title: Biochemistry/Peptide Bond Formation


text:
User:John N.

de:Benutzer:John N.

title: User:John N.


text:
User talk:John N.

Guten Tag John!

Unfortunatly, thats all the german I know, but whatever :) Welcome to the (english) wikibooks. You will now be spammed with the standard welcome message :-p --Dragontamer 23:52, 31 December 2005 (UTC)

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

title: User talk:John N.


text:
Talk:Latin/Lesson 2

Untitled
From the article: " whilst many pronouns can be modified to indicate case (who versus whose) or gender (he versus she, his versus hers)" -- Shouldn't this be "who versus whom"? Also, "whilst" is a little archaic for non-native speakers.

 * The example is correct, who, he and she are nominative case, and whose, and hers are genitive case.Gaius Calvus 12:47, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't know if "whilst" is considerd archaic, where I come from (Worcestershire) it is still commonplace.Gaius Calvus 12:47, 22 February 2006 (UTC)

 * It's commonplace in the UK, but considered archaic in the US. I don't know what its usage is like in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India, etc ... --Bazzalisk (discuss • contribs) 16:49, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

Forgive me if I'm not doing this correctly, but should there be a mention of the different pronunciations? As in c pronounced softly and so on?

Warning: This grammar introduction (particularly the part at the end about adjectives taking such-and-such declension) is extremely confusing for a novice. Are adjectives just repurposed nouns? Do adjectives have separate declensions? Also, referring to 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc. declension endings is extremely confusing for new folk when it's done without reference to an example. It would be clearer to say "First declension adjectives modifying masculine nouns take first declension endings (-a, -am....)" instead. This is of particular concern given that the introduction is perforce dedicated to new learners. I would make these changes myself, but I feel I should probably learn Latin first before making substantive edits :)

Pronunciation of 'all' Latin letters would be appreciated, even the ones that are supposed to be similar to English. That doesn't tell me a lot.

Pronunciation
Which version of the Classical pronunciation is followed here? I currently know of FOUR different ideas of what the Classical pronunciation is supposed to sound like. Each one is supported by different groups of universities but they are far from unified. The only thing they agree on is that you should not use the Catholic Pronunciation but I do not see the reasoning behind this. The Catholic pronunciation makes perfect sense to me, I can do that without having to stop and repronounce every word. When the Pope gives a speach he uses the Catholic pronunciation and he is the only one I know of who is giving speaches in Latin these days. If I want to understand what the Pope is saying then I need to know the Catholic pronunciation right? Please do not tell me that the real reason the Classical pronunciation exist is because of Anti-Catholicism. If we really know how the Ancients spoke Latin then how come there are FOUR different rule sets, each claiming to be the 100% correct form?

Diphthongs?
I was taught that ae, oe and au were the only diphthongs, yet it says 'The dipthong "ae" is pronounced as the "ai" in "aisle". The dipthong "au" is pronounced "ow". The dipthong "oe" is pronounced "oy" in "boy". The dipthong "eu" is pronounced as "eh-oo" The dipthong "ou" is pronounced "oo". The dipthong "ui" is pronounced "we".'. I'm definetly sure that ui is not a diphthong, or "fuit" would be a monosyllable, and ou seems suspicious too... Are there any objections to the removal of those?
 * <ae, <oe>, and <au> are the only phonemic diphthongs as far as I know; however, <ViV> is realised as [Vi̯.jV], so while <ui> in <fuit> /fu.it/ [fʊ.ɪt] is two separate vowels, the <ui> in <cuius> /ˈkuj.jus/ [ˈkʊi̯.jʊs] contains a phonetic diphthong. It’s possible that some Greek loanwords containing <ου> were borrowed with <ου> represented as <ou>, and was pronounced /uː/ in educated speech, although that would be a digraph rather than a diphthong. I’ve read that in Greek loanwords, s between vowels are geminated, so <eu> could possibly be realised as [eu̯.w], but I’m sceptical of that. -Apatora (discuss • contribs) 00:57, 11 December 2018 (UTC)

Letter C
In the text say that the letter C is always hard. I don´t think so, ´Cause when we say for example Regina Caeli: is "Sh-ai-l-y" and not : K-ai-l-y. Excuse me for I Speak spanish. Pax et Bonum!--R Católico (talk) 14:42, 4 September 2009 (UTC)

Odd Example
In what pronunciation is the English word "odd" pronounced part way between "ah" and "uh"? It's pronounced with the most definite 'o' I can think of in RP.

--Bazzalisk (discuss • contribs) 16:47, 28 March 2011 (UTC)

The Letter Q
In your letter pronunciation guide, there's no mention of the proper pronunciation of the letter 'Q'. Seems important since it's not always a universal pronunciation. Knowing Spanish makes me assume it's like a hard C, but I imagine it may be more like the English |ku|.

--BrianCole100 20:47, 07 June 2012 (MST)

Edits to vowel sounds
Hi there, I hope it's ok to say but a couple of the examples here of Latin vowels seem a bit old fashioned, in that they point towards approximations rather than more Mediterranean sounding vowels. I think these could be improved. Wiktionary has some great Classical pronunciation audio, the examples there would give some indication of what I mean. These are listed here; for example fēmina the e sound is here said to be like "hay"; but the Wiktionary example is clearly a flatter "eh" sound, rather than a dipthong. Similarly i's are a less flat sound than English "hit".

I think it would also be helpful to suggest that Italian and Spanish give a general sense of the likely sound and cadence, more than than English or German for instance. (Thus if your Latin sounds like English, then it's probably not quite right!) JimKillock (discuss • contribs) 15:51, 4 April 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Latin/Lesson 2


text:
Speech-Language Pathology/Stuttering/Famous People Who Stutter/Political and Business Leaders

Annie Glenn (1920- ), wife of astronaut and Senator John Glenn, once refused to talk to President Lyndon Johnson because of her stuttering.

Representative Dennis Kucinich (1946- ; D-Ohio) overcame stuttering as a child. Rep. Kucinich was elected mayor of Cleveland at the age of 31. As a state senator, he won the 1996 National Association for Social Workers Outstanding Senator of the Year Award. He also won an Emmy for his political analysis on WJW-TV.

Other political leaders who stutter include Berkeley Free Speech leader Mario Savio (1942-1996) and congressman Frank Wolf (1939- ; R-Virginia).

Business Leaders
In the business world, John Sculley's (1939- ) stuttering "has taken him many years to overcome. He was also painfully shy."

Sculley wrote in his autobiography, "I was determined to build a strength out of what was originally a weakness. I went to the theater to watch how performers positioned themselves on stage. I'd practice for hours. I became obsessed with the idea that I was going to become better than anyone else as a business communicator."

Sculley rose to president of Pepsi-Cola. He succeeded in overtaking Coca-Cola as the #1 soft drink. He then changed coasts and cultures to become president of Apple Computer for ten years. Sculley became a great public speaker, gaining "renown for his ability to deliver rousing speeches in front of thousands, sometimes without notes."

Stutterer and CEO Jack Welch (1935- ) led General Electric to become one of the largest and most profitable American corporations.

 * 1) Wolfe, Tom. The Right Stuff.
 * 2) ASHA Leader
 * 3) Richard Benyo, personal correspondance.
 * 4) Stuttering Foundation of America.
 * 5) Sculley, John. Odyssey (1987). p.111.
 * 6) Carlton, Jim. Apple: The Inside Story of Intrigue, Egomania, and Business Blunders. (New York: Random House, 1997).

 * Next: Other Professions

 * Back to Table of Contents


text:
Speech-Language Pathology/Stuttering/Famous People Who Stutter/Other Professions

Journalists
Which 20/20 reporter stutters? No, not Barbara Walters! John Stossel (1947- ) overcame stuttering with therapy from the Hollins Communications Research Institute, in Roanoke, Virginia.

Doctors
Nino Salvatore was president of the Medical University of Naples. "He is a very successful professor of General Pathology. He is also a very clever and eloquent speaker, and his stuttering is, for listeners, just a fascinating style of speaking."

Sidney Gottlieb, CIA Spook
The man who brought us LSD was "a lifelong stutterer." Sidney Gottlieb (1918–1999), described by friends as "a kind of genius," had a Ph.D. in biochemistry from Caltech. He joined the CIA in 1951. In 1953 he founded the MKUltra program, which gave LSD to thousands of CIA agents, military officers, college students, prisoners, and mental patients. Many of the study participants were unknowingly dosed with the drug. Gottlieb took LSD hundreds of times.

Gottlieb's later work at the CIA included developing "a poison handkerchief to kill an Iraqi colonel, an array of toxic gifts to be delivered to Fidel Castro, and a poison dart to kill a leftist leader in the Congo. None of the plans succeeded."

After leaving the CIA, Gottlieb became a speech-language pathologist, then raised goats on a commune in Virginia.

 * 1) Stossel, J. "Stossel's Biggest Story: Overcoming the Fear of Stuttering." ADVANCE For Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists, May 12, 1997.
 * 2) Roberto De Simone, personal correspondence.
 * 3) Weiner, Tim. "Sidney Gottlieb, 80, Dies; Took LSD to C.I.A." New York Times, March 10, 1999.

 * Next: British Royals and Commoners
 * Back to Table of Contents


text:
C Sharp Programming/Keywords/object

The keyword is used in field, method, property, and variable declarations and in cast and  operations as an alias for the .NET Framework structure. That is, it represents the base class from which all other reference types derive. On some platforms, the size of the reference is 32 bits, while on other platforms it is 64 bits.

/Keywords

title: C Sharp Programming/Keywords/object


text:
Speech-Language Pathology/Stuttering/Famous People Who Stutter/British Royals and Commoners

Several British royals stuttered. Charles I (1600-1649) was king from 1625 until 1649, during the English Civil War. His inability to speak to Parliament "had an unfavorable influence on his affairs." Charles lost the war and was executed. It didn't help that he proclaimed that he was above the law: "a king and a subject are two plain different things." His father, James I (1566-1625), was described as "having a tongue too big for his mouth"—possibly an articulation disorder.

George VI (1895-1952) was king from 1937 until 1952. He was father of Queen Elizabeth II. His annual live Christmas broadcasts were "always an ordeal." Robert Graves' 1934 novel I, Claudius is ostensibly about the Roman emperor Claudius, who stuttered. But the personality and life of Graves' Claudius were taken from the shy George VI. George survived the scandals of his brother Edward's abdication, was thrust into a role to which he was thought unsuited, and surprised everyone by becoming one of the most capable and loved modern kings.

More recently, Bruce Oldfield outgrew childhood stuttering and designed gowns for Princess Diana.

Winston Churchill and Aneurin Bevan, Statesmen
Sixty years ago the best orators of the British Parliament were both stutterers. Aneurin Bevan (1897-1960), leader of the Labour Party and architect of the National Health Service, forced himself to make speeches as often as possible. He spoke fluently when his passions were aroused, so he spoke passionately for British workers in the 1930s. Bevan developed an extraordinary vocabulary by substituting words to avoid stuttering.

Winston Churchill (1874-1965), leader of the Conservative Party, could speak fluently only by preparing his remarks in advance. He studied issues weeks in advance, and wrote out responses to any possible objection. This extra effort made Churchill more knowledgeable than other leaders.

As a young man, Churchill worried that his stuttering would impact his ambition to go into politics. But he didn't believe in submitting to failure so he practiced and persevered. He both practiced his speeches and practiced nonsense phrases as he walked, such as "The Spanish ships I cannot see since they are not in sight." When he was 23, he wrote, "Sometimes a slight and not unpleasing stammer or impediment has been of some assistance in securing the attention of the audience…"

More British Stutterers
The British are fond of eccentrics and stutterers.

Robert Boyle (1627-92) was a chemist known for his experiments on the properties of gases.

Isaac Newton (1643-1727) was a physicist, mathematician, and astronomer.

Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802) was a physician and naturalist and was invited to be the personal physician for King George III of England. His grandson, naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1882), also stuttered.

Charles Lamb (1775-1834) wasn't allowed to pursue a scholarly education because of his stuttering. He worked as an accountant and wrote essays on the side. Lamb advocated smoking heavily to loosen your tongue.

Leigh Hunt (1784-1859) was a political writer, and founded the liberal Examiner newspaper.

Charles Canon Kingsley (1819-1875) was a Cambridge history professor, orator, and chaplain to Queen Victoria. His novels include the popular pirate adventure Westward Ho! and the popular children's book The Water Babies. He recommended treating stuttering with a "manly" diet of beef and beer.

Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832-1898) was an Oxford mathematician, minister, and photographer. On July 4, 1862, while boating on the Thames, he told a friend's children, including a daughter named Alice, a story of a girl named Alice. Dodgson later published Alice's Adventures in Wonderland under the pen name Lewis Carroll.

Arnold Bennett (1867-1931) was a novelist (The Old Wives' Tale) and playwright.

Somerset Maugham (1874-1965) was the highest-paid writer of the 1930s. His novels include The Razor's Edge and The Moon and Sixpence. In his autobiographical novel Of Human Bondage he substituted a clubfoot for his stuttering, because stuttering was too difficult to transcribe in writing.

Nevil Shute (1899-1960) was an aeronautical engineer and novelist (A Town Like Alice).

Elizabeth Bowen (1899-1973) was from Ireland. Her novels include The House in Paris and The Death of the Heart.

Lord David Cecil (1902-1986) was Professor of English literature at Oxford in the 1950s. "Lord David's stutter was thought of as a mark of high-bred diffidence…As an Oxford undergraduate in the fifties, I expected my tutors to stutter; it was their way of not insisting, I thought, and very Oxford." John Bailey, husband of novelist Iris Murdoch and another student of Lord David Cecil, also stutters.

Kim Philby (1912-1988) was a spy. Stuttering once saved his life, by confounding a fast-paced interrogator.

Patrick Campbell (1913-1980) was a British humorist and 3rd Baron Glenavy. He wrote, "From my earliest days I have enjoyed an attractive impediment in my speech. I have never permitted the use of the word 'stammer.' I can't say it myself."

Margaret Drabble (1939- ) is the editor of The Oxford Companion to English Literature. Her novels include The Seven Sisters and The Red Queen.

 * 1) Fraser, Antonia. King James VI of Scotland, I of England. (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson; 1974) p. 163.
 * 2) Bobrick, Benson. Knotted Tongues. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1995
 * 3) Johnson, B. "Bruce Oldfield Makes Clothes Fit For A (Future) Queen." People Weekly, April 13, 1987, p.137.
 * 4) Bobrick, Benson. Knotted Tongues. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1995
 * 5) Bobrick, Benson. Knotted Tongues. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1995
 * 6) Montalbo, Thomas. "Churchill: A Study in Oratory," Finest Hour, 69, and The Churchill Centre (http://www.winstonchurchill.org/).
 * 7) Bobrick, Benson. Knotted Tongues. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1995
 * 8) Bobrick, Benson. Knotted Tongues. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1995
 * 9) Ian Hamilton, "An Oxford Union," The New Yorker, February 19, 1996.
 * 10) http://www.logophilia.com/waw/Campbell-Patrick.asp

 * Next: More Stutterers in History

 * Back to Table of Contents


text:
Speech-Language Pathology/Stuttering/Famous People Who Stutter/More Stutterers in History

Cotton Mather (1663-1728) found that fasting and prayers failed to affect his stuttering, but speaking in a "drawling…little short of Singing" enabled him to become a Puritan preacher. He later prosecuted the Salem witch trials.

Moses Mendelssohn (1729-1786) was a German Jewish philosopher who began the period of European Jewish enlightenment, and advocated assimilation.

Nurse Clara Barton (1821-1912) was the Civil War "angel of the battlefield" and founder of the American Red Cross.

John Slaughter (1841-1922) was a member of the Texas Rangers, leading daring pursuits of outlaw gangs. In 1886 he was elected sheriff of Cochise County, Arizona, with a mandate to clean up crime in Tombstone, after Wyatt Earp's 1881 shoot-out. "Slaughter, with penetrating black eyes, was only 5 feet 6 and often stuttered. But he wore a pearl-handled .44 and carried a 10-gauge, double-barreled, sawed-off shotgun, 'which was an equalizer.'"

A brochure from the Stuttering Foundation of America 16 Famous People Who Stutter features well-known and successful individuals who stutter. This inspiring brochure is especially useful to raise awareness during Stuttering Awareness Week in May. A PDF of the brochure can be downloaded at www.stutteringhelp.org.

 * 1) Bobrick, Benson. Knotted Tongues. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1995
 * 2) UPI news story.

 * Next: Serial Killers and Murder-Suicides

 * Back to Table of Contents


text:
Speech-Language Pathology/Stuttering/Famous People Who Stutter/Serial Killers and Murder-Suicides

David Carpenter
After examining a series of killings near San Francisco area hiking trails in 1979, FBI psychological profiler John Douglas concluded that the Trailside Killer was a stutterer.

Most serial killers approach their victims in a social situation and talk the victims into getting in a car, such as picking up hitchhikers. But the Trailside Killer attacked women hiking alone. The Trailside Killer used a "blitz" attack to overpower and dominate his victims, suggesting that he was "someone with some condition he felt awkward or ashamed about" who overpowered and controlled women as "his way of overcoming this handicap." But the power of the attack ruled out a physically disabled killer. A "very homely" or disfigured individual would have been remembered by witnesses. Douglas concluded that stuttering can make a strong man feel powerless, and was something the killer "could easily feel ashamed of or uncomfortable with…yet wouldn't 'stand out' in a crowd. No one would know about it until he opened his mouth, took off his hat, and picked his afro. "

One victim was a high school student working part-time at a bank. She had been "kind and sweet & #133; to a regular customer with a severe stutter"& #151;who had an incarceration record for sex crimes. 50-year-old industrial arts teacher David Carpenter was investigated and convicted of murdering eight women.

Robert Hansen
In 1983, a seventeen-year-old sex worker in Anchorage, Alaska told a fantastic story to police. A man had handcuffed her, taken her home, and raped and brutalized her. Then he took her to his private airplane, telling her they were going to his remote cabin. She escaped and ran to the police.

Robert Hansen was in his mid-forties, married with two children, and manager of a successful bakery. He owned an expensive home, as well as an airplane and a mountain cabin. He was "short and slight, heavily pockmarked, and spoke with a severe stutter. [The FBI profiler] surmised that he had had severe skin problems as a teenager and, between that and the speech impediment, was probably teased or shunned by his [childhood] peers, particularly girls. So his self-esteem would have been low. That might have [explained] why he moved to Alaska [from Iowa, when he was 25] —the idea of a new start in a new frontier."

Hansen was also a "proficient hunter" with a "well-outfitted trophy room where he watched television, full of animal heads, walrus tusks, horns and antlers, mounted birds, and skins on the floor." Under attic floorboards was another "trophy room": a hunting rifle matching bullets that had killed four prostitutes, as well as "various items of cheap jewelry belonging to the victims…a drivers license and other ID cards from some of the dead women…[and] an aviation map marked with where he had left various bodies." Other jewelry "trophies" he had given to his wife and daughter.

John O'Brien
Two murder/suicides strangely echoed each other. In 1993, John O'Brien asked members of his stuttering self-help group where the heart is located in a person's chest. The next day he brought a handgun to the New York subway equipment facility where he worked. He shot a co-worker in the head, killing him instantly, and then shot his supervisor in the chest, leg, abdomen, and back. The supervisor lived. O'Brien then killed himself with a shot to his heart.

O'Brien stuttered severely. He had been denied a promotion because of his speech, but co-workers didn't know whether his victims had ridiculed him. Friends described O'Brien as "an unbelievably nice guy," "quiet," who "never bothered anyone."

Pierre Lebrun
In 1999, Pierre Lebrun brought a high-powered hunting rifle to the Ottawa, Canada, city bus transit complex machine shop where he worked. He killed four co-workers and then killed himself. A suicide note listed many more co-workers that he disliked, and his pockets were full of live ammunition, leading police to speculate that his gun jammed and prevented more killings.

Lebrun stuttered mildly. Lebrun's mother reported, "He said a group of people were harassing him—not only one person, but a group of people. That's why he killed, that's why he went there ;to kill the people who harassed him."

Lebrun's cousin recalled teasing in school. "That was the only thing that bothered him. It didn't bother him that he had the stutter; it bothered him that people would bug him about it." Lebrun had completed a four-month speech therapy program two years earlier. He was described as "a really nice guy," "friendly," and "quiet and well-mannered."

 * 1) Douglas, John. Mindhunter: Inside the FBI's Elite Serial Crime Unit. New York: Scribner, 1995.
 * 2) Laboy, Julio. Newsday, September 12, 1993.
 * 3) Ottawa Citizen, May 3, 1999.
 * 4) Reuters, Sun Media; April 7-9, 1999.


text:
Speech-Language Pathology/Stuttering/Famous People Who Stutter/In the Ancient World

Stuttering is one of the few disorders that generally gets better over time. Most children who stutter outgrow it. Even adults who stutter severely in their teens and 20s often overcome stuttering—via speech therapy or on their own—in their 30s or 40s. At the life stage when other people experience the dreams of their youth crashing down, stutterers realize they can accomplish anything they want, regardless of their speech. Stutterers are less likely to be famous in their youth, and more likely to be famous five hundred years later.

Moses, Israelite Leader
Or five thousand years later. Moses stuttered:

But Moses said to the Lord, "Oh, my Lord, I am not eloquent, either heretofore or since thou hast spoken to thy servant; but I am slow of speech and of tongue."

Then the Lord said to him, "Who has made man's mouth? Who makes him dumb, or deaf, or seeing, or blind? Or who gives sight to one and makes another blind? Is it not I, the Lord? Now, therefore go, and I will be with your mouth and teach you what you shall speak."

But he said, "Oh, my Lord, send, I pray, some other person."

Then the anger of the Lord was kindled against Moses and he said, "Is there not Aaron, your brother, the Levite? I know that he can speak well; and behold, he is coming out to meet you, when he sees you he will be glad in his heart. And you shall speak to him and put the words in his mouth; and I will be with your mouth and with his mouth, and will teach you what you shall do. He shall speak for you to the people; and he shall be a mouth for you, and he shall be to him as God." (Exodus 4:10-17)

Aesop, Master Storyteller
Aesop (620 to 560 BC) was born a slave and "most deformed" and "he coulde not speke." One day he fell asleep under a shady tree. The Goddess of Hospitality appeared to him in a dream and gave him the gift of speech. His life changed and he became a master storyteller.

Demosthenes, Orator
Demosthenes (384 BC–322 BC) was the greatest orator of ancient Greece. He overcame stuttering by speaking with pebbles in his mouth to improve articulation, shouting above the ocean waves to improve his volume, and working with an actor in reciting Sophocles and Euripedes to coordinate his voice and gestures.

Virgil, Poet
Publius Vergilius Maro (70 BC-19 BC), known in English as Virgil, was a Roman poet. His works included the Eclogues, the Georgics and The Aeneid, the latter becoming the Roman Empire's national epic poem.

Claudius, Emperor
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (10 BC-AD 54), was the Roman Emperor from AD 41 to AD 54.

Claudius stuttered severely and was said to have weak hands and knees, although he was a tall, well-built man with no physical disability. His symptoms diminished after he became emperor. Claudius said that he'd exaggerated his weaknesses to avoid being murdered. By appearing to be weak and disabled, Claudius survived the deaths of all other rivals to the throne. He then served as one of the most effective and able emperors of Rome, for thirteen years.

Claudius' life was portrayed in Robert Graves' novel I, Claudius (1934).

Dekanawida, The Great Peacemaker
Dekanawida invented representative government. He united the Iroquois nation in what is now New York state. This was in the sixteenth century, before the Iroquois encountered Europeans.

Dekanawida's ideas influenced English philosophers, as well as Benjamin Franklin. The Iroquois model of representative government inspired the Americans and French to create representative democracies.

The League of the Five Nations of the Iroquois was established, according to eighteenth-century sources, in the late sixteenth century. Iroquois tradition tells of constant warfare…One bereaved by this warfare was a Mohawk man, Hiawatha ("He Who Makes Rivers").

Crazed by grief for his murdered family, Hiawatha fled into the forests, living like a cannibal monster in the Iroquois myths. One day, Hiawatha met Dekanawida. The charismatic goodness of this man, said to have been a Huron miraculously born of a virgin, reawakened in Hiawatha his humanity.

Dekanawida confided to Hiawatha plans to free their peoples from the horrors of war by allying all the Iroquois in a grand league, a longhouse…in which [the leader of] each Iroquois nation would sit as a brother with brothers.

The visionary felt himself unequal to the task of forming the league because he suffered a speech impediment. Hiawatha, however, was an imposing man with a fluent tongue. Together, in the time-honored fashion of a wise leader who relies on his executive assistant to make his speeches (as among the Cherokee and Creek), Dekanawida and Hiawatha might be effective in restoring sanity and peace to their nations.

Hiawatha was inspired. Tirelessly, the two men traveled up and down the land…Hiawatha fervently preaching the alliance outlined by Dekanawida.

Most Iroquois were at first hesitant to trust a plan that contained their enemies. Thadodaho, an Onondaga leader, relentlessly opposed Hiawatha. In a dramatic showdown, Hiawatha's superior spiritual power overcame the evil Thadodaho. Hiawatha combed out of Thadodaho's hair the snakes that had marked him as a fearful sorcerer.

Then the five nations—Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca—came together, fifty great chiefs meeting in a grand council at the principal town, in the center of the alliance territory.

Each of these men and women found a way to overcome stuttering, and this became the basis of his or her success. For each, their disability became their strength—and perhaps each looks back and sees stuttering as a gift.

 * 1) Bobrick, Benson. Knotted Tongues. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1995
 * 2) Bobrick, Benson. Knotted Tongues. New York: Simon&Schuster, 1995
 * 3) Kehoe, Alice. North American Indians: A Comprehansive Account, 2nd Edition, p.245. Prentice-Hall, Inc. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ), 1992. See also Hiawatha and the Iroquois Confederation and Proc. of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 30:324-341, both by Horatio E. Hale, 1882; and "Hi-a-wat-ha," by William M. Beauchamp, Journal of American Folklore 4(15):295-306, 1891.


text:
C++ Programming/Code/Design Patterns

Programming Patterns
Software design patterns are abstractions that help structure system designs. While not new, since the concept was already described by Christopher Alexander in its architectural theories, it only gathered some traction in programming due to the publication of Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software book in October 1994 by Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson and John Vlissides, known as the Gang of Four (GoF), that identifies and describes 23 classic software design patterns.

A design pattern is neither a static solution, nor is it an algorithm. A pattern is a way to describe and address by name a repeatable solution or approach to a common design problem, that is, a common way to solve a generic problem (how generic or specific the pattern is depends on how restricted the target goal is). Patterns can emerge on their own or by design. This is why design patterns are useful as an abstraction over the implementation and a help at design stage. With this concept, an easier way to facilitate communication over a design choice as normalization technique is given so that every person can share the design concept.

Depending on the design problem they address, design patterns can be classified in different categories, of which the main categories are:
 * Creational Patterns
 * Structural Patterns
 * Behavioral Patterns.

Patterns are commonly found in objected-oriented programming languages like C++ or Java. They can be seen as a template for how to solve a problem that occurs in many different situations or applications. It is not code reuse, as it usually does not specify code, but code can be easily created from a design pattern. Object-oriented design patterns typically show relationships and interactions between classes or objects without specifying the final application classes or objects that are involved.

Each design pattern consists of the following parts:

 * Problem/requirement : To use a design pattern, we need to go through a mini analysis design that may be coded to test out the solution. This section states the requirements of the problem we want to solve. This is usually a common problem that will occur in more than one application.

 * Forces : This section states the technological boundaries, that helps and guides the creation of the solution.

 * Solution : This section describes how to write the code to solve the above problem. This is the design part of the design pattern. It may contain class diagrams, sequence diagrams, and or whatever is needed to describe how to code the solution.

Design patterns can be considered as a standardization of commonly agreed best practices to solve specific design problems. One should understand them as a way to implement good design patterns within applications. Doing so will reduce the use of inefficient and obscure solutions. Using design patterns speeds up your design and helps to communicate it to other programmers.

title: C++ Programming/Code/Design Patterns


text:
Cookbook talk:Spaghetti alla Carbonara

Isnt this wierd!!

I have been having this debate with a friend for 3 years and we are both Italian.....However, my friend believes that Amatriciana sauce has cream in it????. Basically, the traditional Carbonara does not have garlic or cream EEW! and yes, the quantities of the ingredients would vary from restaurants in Italy and New York... It is important for the recipe to stay as traditional as possible; otherwise, we may as well call it something else. I had an Italian restaurant in London which was very popular, cooking only traditional recipies from the motherland. Each to their own... I do not agree that because you are of Italian decent living in another country that you would not know more than an Italian from Italy...quite an absurd thought. In fact, my friend was born in Italy and knows squat about traditionality; in fact, she claims that Amatriciana has cream in it and that Carbonara has 1 egg for 4 people very strange sticky lump. I was born in the UK and pride myself on my Italian heritage. I find it insulting that individuals would not consider us "true Italians".. Live on the International Italian!!

Not the Italian recipe
The Italian recipe does not include any garlic or onion. Italians are not as keen on these two ingredients as the stereotype would have you believe. Ask any Italian—that is, an Italian raised in Italy, not an "Italian". 83.67.217.254 09:54, 1 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Just because there are ingredients here that wouldn't be used in Italy, doesn't mean that the ingredient is wrong.

 * What do you mean by "wrong ingredient"? It's the recipe that is wrong. It's completely different from the original, so we need a different name. I propose we call this recipe "Spaghetti con pezzi di maiale e tanto aglio e cipolla per incontrare il gusto burino degli anglosassoni a cui piacciono tanto le cose che sembrano italiane perche' fanno figo, ma che purtroppo non capiscono una mazza di gastronomia, poveretti". Just don't call it "Spaghetti alla Carbonara" please.

 * Show off! Anyway, I'm the one who removed the old recipe a few months ago and started this one.  The garlic was added by someone else - I just removed it because we all agree it doesn't belong.  As for the onion, Rocco's in NYC uses onions, so I put that in.  Lastly, as someone who lived in Rome for 2 years, it strikes me as funny that so many Italian-Americans believe that there is ONE way to cook certain meals: "That's not the way it's done!"  If you have Spaghetti alla Carbonara in 10 different restaurants in Rome, you'll have 10 different versions!

 * ...none of which with onion, I think you'll find. Rocco's in NYC needs to sell his rubbish to New Yorkers, so no surprises there. I agree with you that Italian-Americans have no authority to talk about Italian (note, no "American" here) cuisine. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 83.67.217.254 (talk • contribs) 2007-02-09T09:58:19.

Definitely NOT the Italian Recipe
Spaghetti alla Carbonara does not contain onions or garlic. I don't think I've ever heard of these two ingredients being added. Anyway, I pulled a few references (haven't properly annotated these) from my library, that have the correct recipe in them, which should definitely sway the argument:

Larousse Gastronomique - One of THE international cooking encyclopedias, every chef has one!

Leith's Cookery Bible - A very well respected English cook book and used in cooking schools.

Yum by Terry Durack - One of the great modern restaurant critics and food writers (Now based in London and, incidentally, married to Jill Dupleix).

I would like to modify this page next weekend?

--Tanzburg 02:41, 28 January 2006 (UTC)User: Tanzburg

Furthermore, the Pancetta recommended here is also a substitute. Guanciale, cured pork jaw fat, is the original fat used in the recipe and is far superior to Pancetta or, god forbid, bacon. I also concur with the above comment that onion and or garlic are not used in traditional carbonara. If you like it, by all means add it, but it isn't in the original.

The authentic dish is a simple mix of rendered Gualciale, Pasta, Parmigiana Reggiano, eggs, and coursley ground pepper, nothing more.

 * Interesting that you should chose a French and an English cookbook to justify the perfect recipe for this dish Peterkirchem (talk) 16:56, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

A few more tidbits
I agree! I was born and raised in Rome and the recipe certainly does not call for garlic. That would be sacrilegious. Onions I have seen, and I have even used them myself once or twice. Only, is about 1/8 of a small onion in order to make a small "soffritto". It should be so little onion as to be impossible to find in the final product.

As for the name, there is another possible provenance: "La Carboneria" was a secrect sect in the 1800's (I hope I am right. Please correct me on that -- a long time ago, in any case), whose members were called Carbonari. Also, a coal miner in Italian is a "Minatore"; a "Carbonaro" is the coal delivery man. Maybe someone should correct the wiki about that. This one I am positive.

Interestingly, I prefer substituting American bacon for the Guanciale instead of using pancetta. The original recipe does not use pancetta at all, while bacon actually has a history of being used for Carbonara in Rome, by Italians. After the liberation of Italy by the allies in WW2, guanciale was hard to come by, but the allies food rations had plenty of bacon and eggs to make carbonara with. Some even venture to say that carbonara in its present form was not around before 1944. I have got to find that out.

Remark of a chef: If you stand for the traditional recipe, at least stop mentioning parmigiano reggiano! The original recipe requires pecorino romano. Onions don't belong in carbonara, however, garlic is a good choice. Instead of sauteeing the garlic, you can just add it into the oil while heating it for giving it flavor and then remove it.

The Point of view of a Roman
I am Roman (sorry for my English), so maybe I can contribute to bring some light about this recipe.

First, in central Italy, there are no coal mines, but charcoal was produced there, and the Carbonari, were men who went to the mountains and made charcoal out of wood. So, this is the origin of the name, which has nothing to do with the Carboneria, which, as written above, was a sect active in the nineteenth century.

And now, something about the recipe.

Onion and/or Garlic are definitely NOT part of Carbonara;

The original recipe of Carbonara uses (incredible but true, read below the reason) Pancetta (bacon), NOT Guanciale;

Carbonara was unknown in Rome before WWII. I am positive about that, since I asked my mother (born in 1927), and she told me that the dish became popular after the war. Someone says that it was invented during the Allied Landing in Anzio and Nettuno, and this explains the reason why Bacon is used here, and not Guanciale (as in the Matriciana). Bacon was brought to Rome by the American soldiers who conquered the city in June 1944.

Moreover, there is no trace of Carbonara in the classical Book La Cucina Romana, written by Ada Boni and published in 1927. So, I definitely think that Carbonara is an Italo-American invention occurred somewhere around Rome in 1944.

Finally, one last word about the method for finding the truth about a recipe. It is true that many cooks interpret every recipe differently. These are known by us as Variazioni sul tema. But it is also true that each recipe has a classical interpretation. How is it possible to find it? The only possibility, at least for someone who does not live where the dish was born, or, in this case, does not have a Roman mother or grandmother, is to look on the Classics. And, concerning the modern Roman cooking, the Bible is for sure the book of Ada Boni (unfortunately with the notable exception of Carbonara). Alessandro57 14:42, 12 May 2006 (UTC)

charburners and miners
are charburners different than miners? eh? Kellen 19:47, 9 July 2005 (UTC)

Who knows? Anyway, this is my favorite Pasta. It is very Roman - which makes it unusual for Americans, who are used to a red tomato sauce from Southern Italy or a pesto sauce from Genoa. Central Italian cuisine is great, and usually a bit spicy.

new version
Note that 67.80.139.189 replaced the recipe on October 15, 2005. I think the new one is more usable, but I'm not really sure. The new one has: See if old recipe if you like. Perhaps it should get a page to itself. AlbertCahalan 00:01, 16 October 2005 (UTC)
 * amount of pepper specified
 * amount of salt unspecified
 * spaghetti is exactly 1 package, not 1.32 packages (much, much better)
 * was 4 eggs, now 4 egg yolks (eeew, gross)
 * water removed... uhhh... crunchy! (should be about 4 quarts I think)
 * lots of onions and parsely added (yuck)
 * per-serving, double the bacon (good idea)
 * almost double the cheese, and of a different type

Hey, I'm the guy who revised the recipe. I just wanted to respond to the previous writer about my changes.
 * The amount of salt is really up to the individual's taste (and health if you're trying to keep your blood pressure down). I prefer a lot of salt in the water.
 * The use of egg yolks only improves the flavor greatly - trust me!
 * The water is drained, but you add some to the egg mixture and some again at the end (about 1/4 of a cup each time).
 * The onions add some flavor to the meat, but I guess you could go without them.
 * The parsley is just an extra flavor too, so I guess you could cut that out.
 * The type of cheese should be parmiggiano-reggiano, but that's twice as expensive as regular parmiggiano, and the flavor is almost the same.

You can use four tilde ("~") characters in a row to have the system automatically add your name and date. It won't otherwise. (I added it for you above) Normally we don't manually number things; it would be way too tedious to maintain. Sometimes people indent using a colon (":") to indicate a response, two colons for responses to that, and so on. AlbertCahalan 20:54, 16 October 2005 (UTC)

Using more simple words or adding synonyms so all people can understand
I got this message from Kellen: "(revert "synonym: tool" ... knowing what a "utensil" is is a pretty fundamental thing. If somebody wants to look it up, they can go to "Cookbook:Utensil)

 * All right, but why not make the word then point to "Cookbook:Utensil"? I'll do it, and I guess there is no more problems associated with this new action of mine. Logictheo 11:36, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

More grist to the Carbonara
WOW !! Some discussion here. Has anyone seen MY recipe for Carbonara ?? It's here -

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Carbonara_pasta_sauce

Has anyone tried adding a dash of Strega to the Carbonara mixture just before adding the pasta ? Mmmm. Delicious

By the way, the REAL origin of Carbonara is that it was invented after the Anzio landings Italy in 1944 by the English Army Colonel and renowned gourmet, Jack Carbon, during the latter part of the Occupation of Italy by the Germans, as a diplomatic gesture to their Italians hosts, when the English wanted eggs and bacon for breakfast. It certainly wasn't invented by an American.... they wouldn't have the imagination.

recipe summary
There is something wrong with the recipesummery template. The article is placed (because of that template) in the "recipes with images" category but there is no image. I don't know enough about that template to fix it.

The Point of view of a Roman makes a good point
There is no such thing as a definitive recipe for this, and most other, pasta sauces. They have evolved over the years as they have become internationalised. The Italians of all people are wonderfully inventive, and patient in their acceptance of other people's interpretation of an Italian recipe. So let's not all get thrapped about this... add onions, or don't....add garlic, or don't... you know, no one will ever know what you did... and, for certain, no one will ever care. Peterkirchem (talk)

Cooking time
You boil the water, cook the pasta, and prepare the sauce while the pasta is cooking (5 - 7 mins ish). Why is the cooking time 60 minutes on this page ??

title: Cookbook talk:Spaghetti alla Carbonara


text: Template:Serial Programming/Modems and AT Commands/AT Commands TOC


text:
Serial Programming/Modems and AT Commands/& Commands

= Hayes-compatible AT& Commands =

This module provides a reference to the Hayes-compatible AT commands which start with an &. The following list only contains the original Hayes commands. Different modems use slightly different commands. However, this list is supposed to be as "generic" as possible, and should not be extended with modem-specific commands. Instead it is recommended to provide such command lists in an Appendix.

AT& commands are in no way special, compared to other AT commands. It is just that Hayes at some point ran out of the 26 single-letter commands (ATA ... ATZ), so they introduced double-character commands. In order to avoid that these clash with single-letter commands, these double-character commands got a common prefix, the &.

Command Description Template
To be removed when all commands are documented

Syntax:

Description:

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *

&B: V.32 Auto Retrain Options
Command Description Template

Syntax:

 Description:

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *

&C: Data Carrier Detect Options
Syntax:

AT&C[0|1]

Description:

This option controls the behaviour of the DCD (Data Carrier Detect, alias RLSD) RS-232 output line of the modem. The modem can either be told to keep the line always on (parameter 0), or that the line should really follow the state of the carrier on the phone line (parameter 1, default). The carrier on the phone line is the basic signal on which then (later) the data is modulated on. It is like the carrier frequency of some radio station. Carrier detection indicates if the two paired modems have been "tuned in".

In case the RS-232 DCD line is configured to be driven by the modem following the state of the carrier (parameter 1), the DTE can use this information for flow control, display progress information to the user, etc.

On the other side, setting DCD to be on all the time (parameter 0) can be used if the DTE software, e.g. some terminal program, does not handle DCD correctly, or if the DTE ignores it. However, letting DCD follow the carrier state is usually the better configuration.

or
 * AT&C
 * AT&C0 : Always keep DCD on.
 * AT&C1 : DCD follows carrier state (default).

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *

&D: Data Terminal Ready Options
Syntax:

AT&D[0|1|2|3]

Description:

The &D command specifies how the modem should react to an on-to-off transition on its DTR (data terminal ready) input line. The DTE can use this line as part of some hardware-handshake. The exact behavior of the &D command depends on other settings, as outlined below:

Typically, more special rules apply if the modem supports additional features like Fax. This is out of the scope of this generic Hayes command description.

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *

&F: Recall Factory Profile
Command Description Template

Syntax:

AT&F[0|1]

Description:

The modem loads the factory profile 0 (default) or the factory profile 1. The factory profiles are fixed modem condigurations as provided by the modem manufacturer

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *

&G: Guard Tone Selection
Syntax:

AT&G[0|1|2]

Description:

In some telephone systems it is necessary to transmit an additional guard tone in order to disable echo supressors in the phone system. Echo supressors do interfere with data communication, because they alter (in good faith) the transmited signal, e.g. by changing the signal's delay, phase and amplitude. This disturbes the modem's signal modulation and introduces communication errors.

A guard tone tells an echo supressor (and possibly other equipment) to not alter the transmitted signal. Guard tones are standardised in telecom standards.

 * 0 : Do not use a guard tone (default)
 * 1 : Set guard tone on answering modem to 550Hz. Note, this feature is rarely implemented in todays consumer modems.
 * 2 : Use 1800Hz guard tone.

Result Codes:

&J: Jack Type Selection (Auxiliary Relay Options)
Syntax:

AT&J[0|1]

Description:

Hayes modems supported different jacks to connect the modem to a telephone or leased line. The '&J' command allows to select the type of jack which should be used. Typically, this command is not fully implemented in today's modems. Usually, the command just sets some registers and does nothing otherwise.

 * 0 : Jack type RJ-11, RJ41S, or RJ-45S type phone jack (default)
 * 1 : Jack type RJ-12 or RJ-13 type phone jack

Result Codes:

&K: Local Flow Control Options
Command Description Template

Syntax:

Description:

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *

&L: Line Type Selection (Dialup/Leased)
Command Description Template

Syntax:

Description:

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *

&O: PAD Channel Selection
Command Description Template

Syntax:

Description:

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * <Link list of related commands and registers>

&Q: Communications Mode Options
Command Description Template

Syntax:

<The syntax of the command, when necessary in EBNF>

Description:

<Description of the command, including information about the purpose and effects>

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * <Link list of related commands and registers>

&R: RTS/CTS Options
Syntax:

AT&R[0|1]

Description:

This option controlls the behavior of the CTS (clear to send) RS-232 input line of the modem. The modem can either be told to use it for hardware handshaking (parameter 0), or ignore it (parameter 1).

 * AT&R0 : Use CTS signal from DTE for hardware flow control
 * AT&R1 : Ignore CTS from DTE (always send)

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * <Link list of related commands and registers>

&S: Data Set Ready Options
Command Description Template

Syntax:

<The syntax of the command, when necessary in EBNF>

Description:

<Description of the command, including information about the purpose and effects>

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * <Link list of related commands and registers>

&T: Test Options
Command Description Template

Syntax:

<The syntax of the command, when necessary in EBNF>

Description:

<Description of the command, including information about the purpose and effects>

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * <Link list of related commands and registers>

&U: Trellis Coding Options
Command Description Template

Syntax:

<The syntax of the command, when necessary in EBNF>

Description:

<Description of the command, including information about the purpose and effects>

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * <Link list of related commands and registers>

&V: View Configuration Profiles
Command Description Template

Syntax:

<The syntax of the command, when necessary in EBNF>

Description:

<Description of the command, including information about the purpose and effects>

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * <Link list of related commands and registers>

&W: Write Active Profile to Memory
Command Description Template

Syntax:

<The syntax of the command, when necessary in EBNF>

Description:

<Description of the command, including information about the purpose and effects>

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * <Link list of related commands and registers>

&X: Synchronous Transmit Clock Source
Command Description Template

Syntax:

<The syntax of the command, when necessary in EBNF>

Description:

<Description of the command, including information about the purpose and effects>

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * <Link list of related commands and registers>

&Y: Select Stored Profile For Hard Reset
Command Description Template

Syntax:

<The syntax of the command, when necessary in EBNF>

Description:

<Description of the command, including information about the purpose and effects>

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * <Link list of related commands and registers>

&Zn=x: Store Telephone Number
Syntax:

&Z[0|1|2|3]=<x>

Description:

The  command allows to store up to four telephone number dial strings into the modem's NVRAM.

This feature is rarely used by modem communication software these days. DTE software preferes to keep an own list of possible phone numbers (e.g. a list of bulletin board system numbers), which can be much more than just four different numbers.

The feature is still useful in automated systems, and e.g. in cases where the DTE software is not (end user) configurable. For example, some embedded controller might be capable of running a modem communication with generic Hayes-compatible commands to alert a remote site in case of problems (burgler alarm, machine maintenance request, etc.). But for cost or other reasons the embedded system might provide no way for the end user to configure the embedded system. Instead the embedded system will use ATDS=0 (or another index) to dial and relie on the modem's setup to have a phone number stored at index 0 (or another index).

 * n = 0 ... 3 : Index of the dial string
 * <x> : A dial string. This can be a simple number, but it can also contain dial modifiers as listed for the ATD (dial) command. Typically, the size of a single dial string can not extend 34 characters.

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 * D: Dial Command


text:
Serial Programming/Modems and AT Commands/Special Commands and Character Sequences

Special Commands and Character Sequences
This module explains the special commands and character sequences as used by a "generic" Hayes-compatible modem. Different modems use slightly different commands. However, this list is supposed to be as "generic" as possible, and should not be extended with modem-specific commands. Instead it is recommended to provide such command lists in an Appendix.

AT: Command Prefix
Syntax:

AT

Description:

Almost every line with commands start with the  prefix, followed by one or more commands, terminated with a Carriage Return character.

See the section for details.

Related Commands and Registers:
 *
 *

+++: Escape Sequence
Syntax:

<1 sec. nothing>+++''<1sec. nothing>''

Description:

See:

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *
 * -- Register to change the character
 * -- register to change the guard time

: End-of-line Character
Syntax:

AT command line

Description:

In command mode the end of line character (default ASCII 13, alias ASCII 0dH, alias , alias , alias carriage return) marks the end of a command line. The modem starts to execute the command line after reception of the end-of-line character.

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *
 *
 * -- Register to change the character.

: Backspace Character
Syntax:

AT command line  more command line

Description:

In command mode the backspace character (default ASCII 8, alias ASCII 08H, alias , alias , alias backspace) can be used to edit the command line.

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *
 *
 * -- Register to change the character.

: Cancel Character
Syntax:

AT command line

Description:

In command mode the cancel character (default ASCII 24, aka ASCII 18H, aka , aka ) cancels a command line as long as the command line has not been terminated with the.

Result Codes:

Related Commands and Registers:
 *
 *

A/: Repeat Last Command
Syntax:

A/

Description:

The command repeats the last command. It differs from other commands in two ways:

 * 1) It is not prefixed with the   command.
 * 2) It should not be followed by the usual  :

The most typical usage is to repeat a previous dialing command that failed because of a  line.

Related Commands and Registers:
 *