text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Belarusian

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Belarusian. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Belarusian well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Belarusian-Russian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Ukrainian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Polish (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Kashubian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Upper Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Czech (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Slovak (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Slovenian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Croatian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Bosnian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Serbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Macedonian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Belarusian-Bulgarian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.

Translations needed

 * Please put a Belarusian translation of " Slavonic false friends in Belarusian " between and  at the head of the monolingual page.
 * The bilingual pages should have headings in the respective languages, in separate lines (i.e. with an empty line between them in the edit window) below the main heading. So we need the following Belarusian translations:
 * " Belarusian-Russian false friends " below (above the Russian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Russian page.
 * " Belarusian-Ukrainian false friends " above (under the Ukrainian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Ukrainian page.
 * " Belarusian-Polish false friends " above (under the Polish heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Polish page.
 * " Belarusian-Kashubian false friends " above (under the Kashubian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Kashubian page.
 * " Belarusian-Upper Sorbian false friends " above (under the Upper Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Upper Sorbian page.
 * " Belarusian-Czech false friends " above (under the Czech heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Czech page.
 * " Belarusian-Slovak false friends " above (under the Slovak heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Slovak page.
 * " Belarusian-Slovenian false friends " above (under the Slovenian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Slovenian page.
 * " Belarusian-Croatian false friends " above (under the Croatian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Croatian page.
 * " Belarusian-Bosnian false friends " above (under the Bosnian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Bosnian page.
 * " Belarusian-Serbian false friends " above (under the Serbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Serbian page.
 * " Belarusian-Macedonian false friends " above (under the Macedonian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Macedonian page.
 * " Belarusian-Bulgarian false friends " above (under the Bulgarian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Belarusian-Bulgarian page.


text: Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Kashubian

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Czech

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Czech. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Czech well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Czech-Russian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Belarusian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Ukrainian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Polish (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Kashubian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Lower Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Upper Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Slovak (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Slovenian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Croatian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Bosnian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Serbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Macedonian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Czech-Bulgarian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.

Translations needed

 * Please put a Czech translation of " Slavonic false friends in Czech " between and  at the head of the monolingual page.
 * Please translate the sentence redirecting people to this talk page into Czech.
 * Please translate the sentence about the languages at the top of this talk page.
 * The bilingual pages should have headings in the respective languages, in separate lines (i.e. with an empty line between them in the edit window) below the main heading. So we need the following Czech translations:
 * " Czech-Russian false friends " below (above the Russian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Russian page.
 * " Czech-Belarusian false friends " below (above the Belarusian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Belarusian page.
 * " Czech-Ukrainian false friends " below (above the Ukrainian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Ukrainian page.
 * " Czech-Polish false friends " below (above the Polish heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Polish page.
 * " Czech-Kashubian false friends " below (above the Kashubian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Kashubian page.
 * " Czech-Lower Sorbian false friends " below (above the Lower Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Lower Sorbian page.
 * " Czech-Upper Sorbian false friends " below (above the Upper Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Upper Sorbian page.
 * " Czech-Slovak false friends " above (under the Slovak heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Slovak page.
 * " Czech-Slovenian false friends " above (under the Slovenian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Slovenian page.
 * " Czech-Croatian false friends " above (under the Croatian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Croatian page.
 * " Czech-Bosnian false friends " above (under the Bosnian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Bosnian page.
 * " Czech-Serbian false friends " above (under the Serbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Serbian page.
 * " Czech-Macedonian false friends " above (under the Macedonian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Macedonian page.
 * " Czech-Bulgarian false friends " above (under the Bulgarian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Czech-Bulgarian page.

Tykev
Tykev doesnt mean "sweet melon" in the Czech language.--Juan de Vojníkov (talk) 20:15, 18 April 2009 (UTC)

CS. otrok - RU. отрок
Please add the pair:

CS. otrok - slave, serf vs.  RU. отрок - boy, lad, adolescent

(I have added a similar note to the Russian page) --Radzikowski (discuss • contribs) 08:30, 6 February 2013 (UTC)

title: Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Czech


text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Upper Sorbian

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Upper Sorbian. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Upper Sorbian well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page. A lot of information on Upper Sorbian has also already been entered in the maps.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Upper Sorbian-Russian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Belarusian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Ukrainian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Polish (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Lower Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Czech (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Slovak (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Slovenian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Croatian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Bosnian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Serbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Macedonian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Upper Sorbian-Bulgarian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.

Translations needed

 * At the moment there is no Upper Sorbian wikipedia article on Upper Sorbian. It would be good if someone could write at least a short stub article "Hornjoserbšćina" at the Sorbian test wikipedia. There is already a Lower Sorbian stub on Upper Sorbian (to which the article "Hornjoserbšćina" redirects at the moment), and you can use information from the articles Sorbian languages and Sorbische Sprache. Once there is an Upper Sorbian article on Upper Sorbian, you can adjust this template to the new location of this article.

šěna (copied from ../Map schiene)
Hallo people, I tried to translate the upper sorabian word šěna, but I had some difficulties. In german it is: Schiene, Stab, Leiste, but not in the medical or railway senses. Are there some good internet pages about the translation of sorabian words into English? I tried to find such pages. --Tlustulimu 15:35, 4 March 2006 (UTC)


text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Slovak

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Slovak. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Slovak well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Slovak-Russian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Belarusian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Ukrainian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Polish (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Kashubian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Lower Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Upper Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Czech (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Slovenian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Croatian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Bosnian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Serbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Macedonian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovak-Bulgarian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.

Translations needed

 * Please put a Slovak translation of " Slavonic false friends in Slovak " between and  at the head of the monolingual page.
 * The bilingual pages should have headings in the respective languages, in separate lines (i.e. with an empty line between them in the edit window) below the main heading. So we need the following Slovak translations:
 * " Slovak-Russian false friends " below (above the Russian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Russian page.
 * " Slovak-Belarusian false friends " below (above the Belarusian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Belarusian page.
 * " Slovak-Ukrainian false friends " below (above the Ukrainian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Ukrainian page.
 * " Slovak-Polish false friends " below (above the Polish heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Polish page.
 * " Slovak-Kashubian false friends " below (above the Kashubian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Kashubian page.
 * " Slovak-Lower Sorbian false friends " below (above the Lower Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Lower Sorbian page.
 * " Slovak-Upper Sorbian false friends " below (above the Upper Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Upper Sorbian page.
 * " Slovak-Czech false friends " below (above the Czech heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Czech page.
 * " Slovak-Slovenian false friends " above (under the Slovenian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Slovenian page.
 * " Slovak-Croatian false friends " above (under the Croatian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Croatian page.
 * " Slovak-Bosnian false friends " above (under the Bosnian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Bosnian page.
 * " Slovak-Serbian false friends " above (under the Serbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Serbian page.
 * " Slovak-Macedonian false friends " above (under the Macedonian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Macedonian page.
 * " Slovak-Bulgarian false friends " above (under the Bulgarian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovak-Bulgarian page.

Slovak "stolica" (transferred from the main talk page)
I found here missing primary meaning of the Slovak word stolica which is in English excrement or perhaps the Russian испражнения (I am not sure about the correct singular version of the word). But only describing human excrements. The meaning chair is very rare - mostly as Svätá Stolica for the Holy See. For chair or seat there is the word stolička - which is literally little (or smaller) stolica - or the word kreslo, armchair.

All this is true also about the Czech word stolice. (židle=chair,seat, křeslo=armchair)

I like this project very much, but I am not familiar with it, so please help me to fix that until I will be able to do changes by myself. --Hlucho 21:56, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Additional notes by native Slovak speaker

 * There is a word "studený" in Slovak that means "cold".
 * There is a word "stôl" in Slovak that means "table".
 * There is a word "dvorec" in Slovak that means "(tennis) court". It is derived from "dvor" which means "yard".
 * I have never heard someone saying "jahoda" meaning "berry", it always means "strawberry" (the "berry" meaning may be present in some dialects, but I am not aware of any such dialect).
 * The word "matka" in the meaning of "nut (to screw on a bolt)" is often used in informal Slovak, however officially it is incorrect to use it this way.

Szukać
Hi dear slavic brothers Slovaks, my dear sharers of my beloved Tatras. Please, have mercy on us Poles, when you hear the word "szukać" which, as far as I know, in your language means "to f**ck", however in Polish, it means "to look for", like in "I'm looking for an accomodation". So, i hope you'll be understanding, keeping in mind what this word means in Polish, and you won't be taking any Pole who says "szukać" for a pervert or cad. S pozdravom!Maciejek


text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Slovenian

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Slovenian. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Slovenian well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Slovenian-Russian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Belarusian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Ukrainian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Polish (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Kashubian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Upper Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Czech (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Slovak (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Croatian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Bosnian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Serbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Macedonian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Slovenian-Bulgarian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.

Translations needed

 * Please translate the title "False Friends of the Slavist" into Slovenian and put it at the top of the main page.
 * Please put a Slovenian translation of " Slavonic false friends in Slovenian " between and  at the head of the monolingual page.
 * Please translate the sentence redirecting people to this talk page into Slovenian.
 * The bilingual pages should have headings in the respective languages, in separate lines (i.e. with an empty line between them in the edit window) below the main heading. So we need the following Slovenian translations:
 * " Slovenian-Russian false friends " below (above the Russian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Russian page.
 * " Slovenian-Belarusian false friends " below (above the Belarusian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Belarusian page.
 * " Slovenian-Ukrainian false friends " below (above the Ukrainian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Ukrainian page.
 * " Slovenian-Polish false friends " below (above the Polish heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Polish page.
 * " Slovenian-Kashubian false friends " below (above the Kashubian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Kashubian page.
 * " Slovenian-Upper Sorbian false friends " below (above the Upper Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Upper Sorbian page.
 * " Slovenian-Czech false friends " below (above the Czech heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Czech page.
 * " Slovenian-Slovak false friends " below (above the Slovak heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Slovak page.
 * " Slovenian-Croatian false friends " above (under the Croatian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Croatian page.
 * " Slovenian-Bosnian false friends " above (under the Bosnian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Bosnian page.
 * " Slovenian-Serbian false friends " above (under the Serbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Serbian page.
 * " Slovenian-Macedonian false friends " above (under the Macedonian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Macedonian page.
 * " Slovenian-Bulgarian false friends " above (under the Bulgarian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Slovenian-Bulgarian page.

New additions?
Would it be useful to suggest new additions or is everyone who knows how to handle this complex book gone? Yerpo (discuss • contribs) 06:51, 13 November 2020 (UTC)
 * It's always seemed to me this book needs someone to figure out how it works and simplify it, somehow. At any rate, we shouldn't shy away from identifying what needs doing.  What do you have in mind, User:Yerpo? --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 13:02, 13 November 2020 (UTC)


text:
Talk:LaTeX/Tables

Gratitude
This is one of the best guide for latex, congratulation to authors

 * I can only agree with this. Thank you! TheFibonacciEffect (discuss • contribs) 07:52, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

Table span
Is it possible to let a table span multiple pages?--Cinquero 16:03, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, but you use a special environment (e.g. "longtab" or "supertab") instead of tabular --Mcld 22:49, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Praise
If this page weren't here I'd probably go crazy. A+

Missing wrapped.tex
Where is "tutorial4/wrapped.tex wrapped.tex"?

Tutorial4
Tutorial4 is here http://www.andy-roberts.net/misc/latex/latextutorial4.html — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.148.12.219 (talk • contribs) 15:33, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Text wrapping and {tabular}
For the text wrapping, specifying the whole table width with:

\begin{tabular}{width}[pos]{cols}

is probably the better solution than to specify the columns with something like {r |p{3cm}|l|l l} as then the space is distributed better. Don't want to rewrite that whole section though, maybe just note that the tabular can be opened like that too. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 209.151.140.84 (talk • contribs) 18:23, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

indent problem
I'm experiencing this problem: I have a table with a very long column in a report style. I have used the tabular* solution with the fixed table width "\textwidth" ([]. The problem is that the table is indented like the first line of a paragraph. So, if I give it a "\textwidth" width, the table will stretch out the right side. Is it possible to give a width like "\textwidth-\parindent"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 87.21.93.176 (talk • contribs) 20:58, 12 June 2007 (UTC)

 * There is LaTeX/Q&A for this... if you just want to remove the indentation, then use \noindent just before your table. Wouldn't it be better to make it float?? Alessio Damato 16:47, 13 June 2007 (UTC)

Resize problem
I tried the method of resizing a tabular environment with as suggested on this page but it didn't work. Please verify! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 144.82.240.5 (talk • contribs) 15:17, 24 July 2007 (UTC)

 * I just used the resizing. Works great. Thanks! I used \begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{|p{0.2\textwidth}|p{0.8\textwidth}|} for two columns (in the text it says $$p$$ may need tweaking; if you use \textwidth you are relatively safe.). --161.116.83.135 09:56, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

\usepackage{graphicx}
 * It might be useful to state that you need to include the graphicx package in the preamble to use the \resizebox command:

Style of tables
All LaTeX books have the weakness to focus on vertical lines too much. They are much discouraged in scientific writing ... something one is not necessarilty trained about. Please talk more about how to present tables properly and talk more about hhlines and cline. This may also help to get LaTeX across to the user more easily and is an essential advantage when compared with word. Smoe 08:35, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * well, edit the page according to your thoughts without any problem. Add some examples of style, too. Alessio Damato 20:28, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * There happens to be an excellent LaTeX package and "thought provoking" essay on the subject of vertical "rules" in tables—read the essay/documentation for booktabs here. I've been planning to include this package here, I'm just too busy at the moment. I'll do it someday in the next week or two (unless someone is antsy and wants feature it here). Other examples that use vertical rules should not be modified, since I'll respect other's decision to use these (I never use vertical rules myself). +mt  05:08, 28 August 2007 (UTC)

Exporting tables from spreadsheet programs
I would like to see exports from spreadsheet programs here on the page and I am aware of an OOo export as well the wonderful gnumeric export (exports with formatting etc. but is editable also). This might be easy and enough for most users. Here are the links: gnumeric, Calc2LaTeX, Excel2LaTex

 * I support this. Excel2Latex just saved me a lot of time ... Goetz (talk) 00:10, 13 November 2009 (UTC)

Tools
If there are any tools that can be used to generate latex tables or convert 'what yo see is what you get' tables into latex (eg gnumeric, calc2latex), it would be nice to list them here at the end (similar to what is done in "Bibtex" section... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.21.231.169 (talk • contribs) 22:37, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

The tabular* environment - controlling table width
in the example with @{...} construct there are second and third column aligned to the right instead of center. Why is it? How should it be correct?

The tabularx enviroment - X specification
I got an ugly error when trying to use the X cell specification because I didn't realize it was the CAPITAL X. If this is general, and not because of me setting up something in a corky way, maybe this should be made more explicit in the text..? (I use tex live and kate)

 * Please re-read "except that it has a new column specifier X (in uppercase)" - should be clear? Bumbulski (talk) 19:57, 29 August 2009 (UTC)

tabularx and \arraybackslash
In the discussion of tabularx, it says "...\raggedright\arraybackslash) as described previously." I don't see any previous discussion of this, although maybe I'm misunderstanding what is being said to have been described. My assumption is that there was supposed to be some discussion of \raggedright or of the need for \arraybackslash after the \raggedright (the latter apparently because \raggedright redefines \\, although I don't quite follow). [BTW, I have a login, but I can't remember my user name :-(.] 128.8.89.68 (discuss) 18:55, 19 May 2011 (UTC)

Multiline braces grouping table cells?
Hullo! Does anyone here know how to do the following within a table? Where each of One..Five are in their own cells, and the two Groups are in multirow cells. (The below is bodged together with math arrays.) I'm trying to get the braces to line up and be of similar thickness.

$$ \left. \begin{array}{l} One \\ Two \\ Three\\ \end{array} \right\} Group $$

$$ \left. \begin{array}{l} Four \\ Five \\ \end{array} \right\} Second Group $$

I've tried just using larger normal braces, e.g.: ...which is okay so long as each grouping is of the same number of rows, but when they're different, and I use  and   (for example), the braces look very different.

Any help would be very much appreciated!

Thanks. — Sam Wilson ( Talk • Contribs ) … 06:44, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

Well, I'm using a slightly-okay method, which still doesn't quite align things correctly if there's multiple different-sized groups:

If anyone's got a better idea, I'd love to hear it. — Sam Wilson ( Talk • Contribs ) … 07:12, 23 October 2008 (UTC)

Try this, it works for me:

you need to use the invisible \right. to close the \left\{.

colors, line types
I think it would be useful to mention table cell coloring using colortab or colortbl. Also you could mention the arydshln package which allows dotted/dashed vertical lines. In linguistics, the dotted vertical lines are necessary in Optimality Theory tableaux to show that the ordering of constraints (displayed in columns) is not strictly ordered. Grayed out cells show that the data in the cells are irrelevant (although it is becoming less popular to use this currently because it doesnt photocopy so well). Anyway, knowing how to make a table in LaTeX is worthless for me if I can't get the dashed vertical lines. peace 76.119.228.130 (talk) 08:19, 18 January 2009 (UTC)

Scaling the size of a table is simple with a construct like this:

\scalebox{0.5}{ \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline unit & A [x] & B [y] & C [z] & \hline value& 100  &  10150 & 1904  & \hline \end{tabular} }

compared to the normal one

\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline unit & A [x] & B [y] & C [z] & \hline value& 100  &  10150 & 1904  & \hline \end{tabular}

also works in tables, I use it to adjust the final layout if I want to have a certain table to appear on a certain page, it's like scaling images... just try it, i cannot upload images at the moment

Mentioning how it is possible to color complete columns
It is not mentioned that it is possible to colour a complete column with the \columncolor command in the column specifiers. For example: >{\small \columncolor[gray]{0.9}}c

surrounding space
I haven't found a single page yet that explains how to manipulate the space above and below a table definition. By default, for instance, an inline tabular in a paragraph will add lots of unwanted vertical space above it, but there do not seem to be any explanations on how to set that space to 0pt

What are tabular's extended parameters? which apply? which don't? That information belongs in an explanation on the tabular environment, but is still missing here (I can't add it, since I just don't know, I'm just scowering the internet trying to find out how to tell latex what I want it to do) — Preceding unsigned comment added by 86.89.151.209 (talk • contribs) 09:18, 7 September 2009 (UTC)

Can someone add more about rotating columns?
here is a good source for rotating individuals columns: http://andrewjpage.com/index.php?/archives/24-Latex-tables-and-rotated-text.html

Can somebody add something similar to this article? If no one does it, I will do it myself once I find a little bit of time.

Cheers --DFRussia (talk) 06:21, 7 February 2010 (UTC)

Commentsunder table
Hey, I search for an hour now, how to add a comment under a table, which has a smaller size and has the same width. In my opinion, such comments are necessary for any table which will be published or is slightly more complicated. It would be nice, if someone could add this to the Wiki - as I say, dunno how to do it.... Thanks and great work so far! —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 131.220.108.110 (talk • contribs) 26 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Take a look at Table 1 at LaTeX/Floats, Figures and Captions, does this do what you would like? Thenub314 (talk) 15:32, 26 May 2010 (UTC)

 * Maybe what you want is threeparttable? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Furd (talk • contribs) 13:44, 26 July 2010 (UTC)

Suggested topics
Jodi.a.schneider (talk) 17:58, 8 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Table vs Tabular, Table*
 * Interaction of 'sideways' with other features
 * This is the kind of info I mean. Jodi.a.schneider (talk) 18:09, 8 December 2010 (UTC)

Defining Identical Comments

 * The {str} here needs clarification: "It is possible to define many identical columns at once using the *{num}{str} syntax." Probably another example or two would help. Jodi.a.schneider (talk) 18:06, 14 December 2010 (UTC)
 * An example to draw from. Jodi.a.schneider (talk) 18:11, 14 December 2010 (UTC)

rendering to PDF distorts source code formatting.
Hi all. When wikibook renders LaTeX wikibook to PDF, LaTeX code formatting gets distorted. I mean

becomes

any ideas why this is happening?

This is an important problem as the outpup PDF doesn't look great because of this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Condmatstrel (talk • contribs) 15:40, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

table* Description
It would be nice to mention that the difference between table and table* floats is how thy handle multi column documents. In a two column document table will try and keep the table within a single column, but table* will span both columns. The only online reference to this I could find was in German: http://www.weinelt.de/latex/table.html Commdweeb (discuss • contribs) 16:21, 1 September 2012 (UTC)

Defining multiple columns
There is apparently a minor discrepancy between the code and the image, since FC Copenhagen in the image has only lost 2 games, while in the code they have lost 3.... — Preceding unsigned comment added by 80.63.85.146 (talk • contribs) 10:52, 27 November 2012 (UTC)

Temperature
Consider using °C instead of C. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.163.134.86 (talk • contribs) 15:54, 3 December 2012 (UTC)

Table caption should be on top
In the example in the section Floating with table, the caption should be above the tabular environment, according to the academic writing guidelines. Click here for some elaboration on the topic.

82.95.71.184 (discuss) 14:09, 12 January 2013 (UTC)

Should tabu be used, or not?
I find the paragraph about the tabu package in the introduction confusing. I basically read it as "use this package, which makes everything better, but if you run into bugs, you're on your own", which does not help newcomers at all. Also, it does not say anything about which version is the "old" version and which is the "new" version, or how the syntax has changed, or give any examples. The StackOverflow reference link advises not to use this package, but the discussion is from 2013. So should be used, or not? --Rohieb (discuss • contribs) 01:20, 27 January 2017 (UTC)

 * The author of tabu said that no bugs will be fixed and a new version willhave a different syntax. That is still the current situation. There is no new version of tabu. Use it at your own risk. If you are a newcommer, this slast sentence directly translates to 'do not use it'.--Johannes Bo (discuss • contribs) 08:33, 29 January 2017 (UTC)

 * It's 2019, tabu is still unmaintained, and has issues with newer versions of the Latex kernel[1 ]. It really should be removed from this page. --Mjog 120.17.66.75 (discuss) 00:02, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

Rewrite needed?
In my opinion, the page is too bloated and complicated. The most useful information, how to typeset good and professional looking tabular material is at the bottom. Any thoughts by other users? --Johannes Bo (discuss • contribs) 08:07, 5 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Agreed. The way to do it properly should be up the top, and all of the odd corner cases should be below that, on a separate page, or removed completely. --Mjog 120.17.66.75 (discuss) 00:04, 26 March 2019 (UTC)

Bold table rows
It is explained how to make a table column bold. How do I make a table row bold? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 193.63.222.186 (talk • contribs) 12:42, 5 January 2018 (UTC)

Bug?
I've noticed that under Manually broken paragraphs in table cells heading there is some code (\begin{center}) displayed outside a code block. When I tried to fix it, it causes most of the code block to stop rendering. Can this be fixed or is there a bug in wikipeda? This is my first time trying to edit a wiki so I have no idea what I'm doing T_T --TomMaxwellMans (discuss • contribs) 05:05, 26 September 2020 (UTC)

tabu shouldn't be taught to beginners
This section teaches beginners how to use the package tabu for multipage tables. Since tabu is no longer maintained, you should teach them how to use longtable instead. Adrianmn1110 (discuss • contribs) 22:26, 16 September 2021 (UTC)

More information on how to resize tables
I found a useful stackexchange post to resize tables. I can't add it because it triggers the spam filter. Here it is if a more experienced user also finds it useful, he or she may add it as a reference for further reading. — Preceding unsigned comment added by TheFibonacciEffect (talk • contribs) 08:13, 17 Octoboer 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:LaTeX/Tables


text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Croatian

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Croatian. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Croatian well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Croatian-Russian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Belarusian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Ukrainian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Polish (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Kashubian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Upper Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Czech (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Slovak (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Slovenian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Bosnian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Serbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Macedonian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Croatian-Bulgarian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.

Translations needed

 * Please translate the sentence redirecting people to this talk page into Croatian.
 * The bilingual pages should have headings in the respective languages, in separate lines (i.e. with an empty line between them in the edit window) below the main heading. So we need the following Croatian translations:
 * " Croatian-Belarusian false friends " below (above the Belarusian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Croatian-Belarusian page.
 * " Croatian-Polish false friends " below (above the Polish heading, if it exists) at the head of the Croatian-Polish page.
 * " Croatian-Kashubian false friends " below (above the Kashubian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Croatian-Kashubian page.
 * " Croatian-Lower Sorbian false friends " below (above the Lower Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Croatian-Lower Sorbian page.
 * " Croatian-Upper Sorbian false friends " below (above the Upper Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Croatian-Upper Sorbian page.
 * " Croatian-Czech false friends " below (above the Czech heading, if it exists) at the head of the Croatian-Czech page.
 * " Croatian-Slovak false friends " below (above the Slovak heading, if it exists) at the head of the Croatian-Slovak page.
 * " Croatian-Slovenian false friends " below (above the Slovenian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Croatian-Slovenian page.
 * " Croatian-Macedonian false friends " above (under the Macedonian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Croatian-Macedonian page.
 * " Croatian-Bulgarian false friends " above (under the Bulgarian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Croatian-Bulgarian page.

Missing entries
ZAKON meaning LAW in Croatian, HOLY ORDER in Polish (, and, by the way, HABIT, TRADITION in Albanian)


text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Serbian

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Serbian. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Serbian well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Serbian-Russian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Belarusian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Ukrainian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Polish (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Kashubian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Lower Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Upper Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Czech (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Slovak (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Slovenian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Croatian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Bosnian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Macedonian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Serbian-Bulgarian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.

Translations needed

 * Please translate the sentence redirecting people to this talk page into Serbian. - Done. --George D. Bozovic talk 00:01, 16 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Please translate the sentence about the languages at the top of this talk page. - Done. --George D. Bozovic talk 00:01, 16 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The bilingual pages should have headings in the respective languages, in separate lines (i.e. with an empty line between them in the edit window) below the main heading. So we need the following Serbian translations:
 * " Serbian-Belarusian false friends " below (above the Belarusian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Serbian-Belarusian page.
 * " Serbian-Polish false friends " below (above the Polish heading, if it exists) at the head of the Serbian-Polish page.
 * " Serbian-Kashubian false friends " below (above the Kashubian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Serbian-Kashubian page.
 * " Serbian-Lower Sorbian false friends " below (above the Lower Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Serbian-Lower Sorbian page.
 * " Serbian-Upper Sorbian false friends " below (above the Upper Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Serbian-Upper Sorbian page.
 * " Serbian-Czech false friends " below (above the Czech heading, if it exists) at the head of the Serbian-Czech page.
 * " Serbian-Slovak false friends " below (above the Slovak heading, if it exists) at the head of the Serbian-Slovak page.
 * " Serbian-Slovenian false friends " below (above the Slovenian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Serbian-Slovenian page.
 * " Serbian-Macedonian false friends " above (under the Macedonian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Serbian-Macedonian page.
 * " Serbian-Bulgarian false friends " above (under the Bulgarian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Serbian-Bulgarian page.

Kofer/кофер
What is kofer in Serbian, only suitcase as in what businessmen carry or also large suitcases for traveling? We have kovčeg in Std Croatian and also kofer in Zagreb/Kajkavian area for all suitcases that are typically be carried with one arm, but definitely not a large traditional box/chest which would be škrinja (which also means -20*C freezer in some regions). 78.3.89.31 (discuss) 21:00, 13 May 2023 (UTC)


text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Macedonian

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Macedonian. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Macedonian well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Macedonian-Russian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Belarusian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Ukrainian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Polish (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Kashubian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Lower Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Upper Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Czech (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Slovak (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Slovenian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Croatian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Bosnian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Serbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Macedonian-Bulgarian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.

Translations needed

 * Please put a Macedonian translation of " Slavonic false friends in Macedonian " between and  at the head of the monolingual page.
 * The bilingual pages should have headings in the respective languages, in separate lines (i.e. with an empty line between them in the edit window) below the main heading. So we need the following Macedonian translations:
 * " Macedonian-Russian false friends " below (above the Russian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Russian page.
 * " Macedonian-Belarusian false friends " below (above the Belarusian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Belarusian page.
 * " Macedonian-Ukrainian false friends " below (above the Ukrainian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Ukrainian page.
 * " Macedonian-Polish false friends " below (above the Polish heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Polish page.
 * " Macedonian-Kashubian false friends " below (above the Kashubian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Kashubian page.
 * " Macedonian-Lower Sorbian false friends " below (above the Lower Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Lower Sorbian page.
 * " Macedonian-Upper Sorbian false friends " below (above the Upper Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Upper Sorbian page.
 * " Macedonian-Czech false friends " below (above the Czech heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Czech page.
 * " Macedonian-Slovak false friends " below (above the Slovak heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Slovak page.
 * " Macedonian-Slovenian false friends " below (above the Slovenian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Slovenian page.
 * " Macedonian-Croatian false friends " below (above the Croatian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Croatian page.
 * " Macedonian-Bosnian false friends " below (above the Bosnian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Bosnian page.
 * " Macedonian-Serbian false friends " below (above the Serbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Serbian page.
 * " Macedonian-Bulgarian false friends " above (under the Bulgarian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Macedonian-Bulgarian page.

Flag of North Macedonia not showing
The flag of North Macedonia is not showing properly in articles about Macedonian. I already fixed the navigation table on the main page. Niobian (discuss • contribs) 13:41, 18 February 2019 (UTC)
 * Whereas in the other case you'd mentioned, the immediate template involved was /Head, here it's /MonoHead. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 22:28, 18 February 2019 (UTC)


text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Bulgarian

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Bulgarian. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Bulgarian well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Bulgarian-Russian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Belarusian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Ukrainian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Polish (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Kashubian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Upper Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Czech (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Slovak (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Slovenian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Croatian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Bosnian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Serbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bulgarian-Macedonian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.

Translations needed
All done. Barbov 14:59, 14 April 2006 (UTC)

Some mistakes
Editing such a page seems beyond me. I will try it when I have more time. Some mistakes I,ve spotted.

 * Have a look at the page now. I have found a way to replace all these scaring &#1234;&#5678;… sequences with normal Cyrillic letters, so that the structure of the page as it is shown in the edit window that opens when you click at "edit this page" should now be much easier to understand. Also, have a look at the respective map pages, they are indeed very easy to modify. --Daniel Bunčić 16:39, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

 * And now I have even sorted the pages alphabetically, so that it should be easy to find the mistakes you spotted on the page itself in the edit window and change them. --Daniel Bunčić 11:39, 3 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Словенски has an archaic meaning of Slavonic (=славянски).
 * There is a word цветен in Bulgarian meaning coloured, of colour and flower (attr.) as in цветно стъкло - stained glass, цветен филм - colour film, цветен прашец - pollen, цветна градина - a flower garden.
 * There is a word червен in Bulgarian meaning red (црвен in Macedonan and Serbian).
 * There is a word студен meaning cold.
 * There is a Bulgarian word руен meaning sparkling for wine руйно вино or profuse for sweating or tears - руйна пот, руйни сълзи.
 * There is a Bulgarian word тревен meaning of the grass - тревна площ, grass lawn.
 * The BG meaning "able, clever" of вреден is so archaic (I found it in a 12 volume dictionary) that I've never heard anyone using it. To me it is a complete false friend.
 * There is a word паметник in Macedonian and in Serbian (rare I think) meaning monument.
 * Gym sirt in Bulgarian is потник and not кошуля.
 * There is a word булка in Macedonian meaning bride, youg woman and some kind of a herb.
 * Вещ in Bulgarian means clever as in Serbian, Macedonian and so on.
 * There is a Bg word диван with the meaning of settee, sofa.
 * Гора means forest in Macedonian as in Bulgarian.
 * There is a Bulgarian word овошки (singular овошка) meaning fruit tree.
 * There is a Bg word покои (pl of покой) meaning room. The singular means only quiet.
 * Неделя has an archaic meaning of week.
 * There is a Bg word мрак meaning darkness.
 * There is no Serbian or Macedonian word like прозвище.
 * Маса in Bg means ONLY table. The word for mass is меса.
 * There is a Bg word сливки, diminitive of сливи - plums.
 * Искуство in Macedonian means skill.
 * Доба in Macedonian means time, era.
 * Памет in Macedonian means reason, intellect and memory.
 * Крик means cry, shout in Macedonian.
 * Среда means middle and envirinment and Wednesday in Macedonian.
 * Мед means honey in Macedonian.
 * The Macedonian исход has all the meanings of the Bulgarian изход.
 * The meaning spring-suspension of федерация which is obviously federation really puzzles me. I've never heard of it (nor of spring-suspensions).
 * Палец means thumb in Macedonian.
 * Бор in Macedonian means pine-tree and boron.
 * Говор means dialect and speech in Macedonian.
 * There is a Bulgarian word карпуз meaning water mellon.
 * Вещ in Bg means able as in Serbian and Macedonian (вешт).
 * Зрно in Serbian and Macedonian means corn, grain as зърно in BG.
 * Трудна in Macedonian means hard and pregnant.
 * Жито means wheat in Macedonian.
 * Чувати means keep in Serbian. Чувам means keep in Macedonian.
 * Ковчег means only coffin and Arch in BG. --Miko Stavrev 09:44, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Title in Bulgarian (transferred from main talk)
In Bulgarian I would rather say лъжливи приятели (as in Serbian and Croatian) and not неверни приятели but still I'm not a Slvavist and I'm not familiar with the term in Bulgarian. --217.75.156.62

 * I have taken this title from the book Неверните приятели на преводача: Речник by Ренета Килева-Стаменова and Емилия Денчева (Пловдив 1997) so I thought this was probably idiomatic. --Daniel Bunčić 20:39, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Obviously it is. Miko Stavrev 07:42, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

Some mistakes concerning bulgarian and russian only
Here are some mistakes i noticed and am quite sure about:

- Wrong. Take "Изходът от футболния мач предстои да бъде решен.", for example. Here, the word изход has the meaning of "result". -The meaning of the word "изход" actually means "outcome" in the context above and while in english outcome and result have similar meaning it is much more proper to use outcome in the translation of the context above, as result should be reserved for "резултат"--- mmatinov87@gmail.com(please sign your comments) Barbov 15:54, 3 March 2006 (UTC)
 * The 'able, clever' meaning of вреден in bulgarian is far too archaic to be relevant. Never heard of it anyway.
 * The 'life' meaning of живот in russian is very archaic. Used probably only in Old Church Slavonic context and/or religious services.
 * зърно in bulgarian is not translated as 'berry' into russian. Beside its main meaning, it means only 'a single grape' in bulgarian.
 * The word изход does not mean 'result' in bulgarian under any circumstances.
 * майка in russian can be translated into bulgarian either as тениска ('t-shirt') or потник ('gym-shirt'). The 'shirt' translation is archaic and certainly not the only one possible.
 * There is a clear difference between покой (sg, means 'quiet, peace' in both bulgarian and russian) and покои (only pl. [as 'trousers'], means 'room', with a medieval/royal connotation both in bulgarian and russian). покой, however, does not mean 'room' in either language.
 * чувам means 'to keep' only in serbian or macedonian, never in bulgarian.
 * the entry for маса is correct. Miko Stavrev was undoubtedly confused by the english meaning of 'mass' 1.physical mass 2.catholic mass.
 * федерация in bulgarian means primarily 'federation'. the 'spring-suspension' meaning comes from german Federung, but in bulgarian is now either only used in car mechanic slang or is very old.
 * ковчег has definitely been used as ‘trunk, box, chest’, but is now archaic. The diminutive ковчеже is a common word in fairy tales.

Two small additions
Bg. стая -> R. комната 'room' Bg. команда -> R. команда 'order' Barbov 13:48, 14 April 2006 (UTC)
 * R. стая -> Bg. глутница 'horde, swarm'
 * R. команда -> Bg. 1.отбор 'team' 2.команда, заповед 'order'

Three additions
Bg. сума -> R. сумма 'sum' Bg. изба -> R. погреб, чулан 'cellar' Bg. трус -> R. подземный толчок 'tremor'
 * R. сума (archaic) -> Bg. торба 'bag, sack'
 * R. изба -> Bg. къща 'village house'
 * R. трус -> Bg. страхливец 'coward'


text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Lower Sorbian

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Lower Sorbian. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Lower Sorbian well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page. A lot of information on Lower Sorbian has also already been entered in the maps.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Lower Sorbian-Upper Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Lower Sorbian-Czech (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Lower Sorbian-Slovak (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Lower Sorbian-Serbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Lower Sorbian-Macedonian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.


text:
Talk:False Friends of the Slavist/Bosnian

Proofreading Center
Some things still have to be done by speakers of Bosnian. Please leave a note about what you are doing or have done in the following list of tasks.

Monolingual page
The monolingual page has to be proof-read by someone who knows Bosnian well; please correct the mistakes you find and make a list of your corrections here, so that other people can use your list to correct the bilingual pages. While doing this, look if someone else has already listed mistakes they spotted on this talk page.

Bilingual pages
The bilingual pages should be proof-read after the monolingual page is corrected, so that the mistakes spotted there can already be used. Please have a look at the talk pages of the bilingual pages, too, to see if someone else has already made comments about mistakes there.

 * Bosnian-Russian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Belarusian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Ukrainian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Polish (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Kashubian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Upper Sorbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Czech (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Slovak (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Slovenian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Croatian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Serbian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Macedonian (proof-read, see talk page)
 * Bosnian-Bulgarian (proof-read, see talk page)

Maps
Someone should look through the semasiological maps of those words where there have been mistakes in the monolingual page and adapt them.

Translations needed

 * The bilingual pages should have headings in the respective languages, in separate lines (i.e. with an empty line between them in the edit window) below the main heading. So we need the following Bosnian translations:
 * " Bosnian-Belarusian false friends " below (above the Belarusian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Bosnian-Belarusian page.
 * " Bosnian-Polish false friends " below (above the Polish heading, if it exists) at the head of the Bosnian-Polish page.
 * " Bosnian-Kashubian false friends " below (above the Kashubian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Bosnian-Kashubian page.
 * " Bosnian-Upper Sorbian false friends " below (above the Upper Sorbian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Bosnian-Upper Sorbian page.
 * " Bosnian-Czech false friends " below (above the Czech heading, if it exists) at the head of the Bosnian-Czech page.
 * " Bosnian-Slovak false friends " below (above the Slovak heading, if it exists) at the head of the Bosnian-Slovak page.
 * " Bosnian-Slovenian false friends " below (above the Slovenian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Bosnian-Slovenian page.
 * " Bosnian-Macedonian false friends " above (under the Macedonian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Bosnian-Macedonian page.
 * " Bosnian-Bulgarian false friends " above (under the Bulgarian heading, if it exists) at the head of the Bosnian-Bulgarian page.


text:
Talk:Student Congress Debate/A Session

Deletion
This page was nominated for speedy deletion: "".

Actually, though not obvious, this is a chapter of Student Congress Debate, so I am remarking it as a stub. --Kernigh 16:18, 14 February 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Student Congress Debate/A Session


text:
Introduction to Oceanography/Water - origin and properties

The Origin of Water
As discussed before, about 70% percent of our planet is covered by water. But what is water? Where does it all come from?

Had you visited our planet 5 billion years ago, you would have seen a completely different scene than today. Our lovely blue, brown and green planet was a molten ball of lava. During the geological time our planet has undergone considerable cooling that has allowed water to accumulate in the ocean basins. The relative occurrences of different gases in our atmosphere suggest that they have a different origin from that of the original gas cloud, the nebula, which eventually condensed to be our planet. The accumulation of mainly silica compounds and iron oxides in this nebula caused an intensive heating. This heat was released as a result of lowering in the potential energy of those particles which accumulated in the early nebula, and also due to the condensation of outer particles, which accelerated increasing pressure on the inner particles. The decay of radioactive elements also contributed to the heat release. The rise of the temperature caused the partial melting of our planet. This melting has caused a differentiation of the elements abundant in the earth materials. Heavy particles like iron and nickel sunk into the core; light particles like aluminum, silicon, sodium, and volatile gases migrated to the outer mantle.

The massive eruptions of volcanoes through the early development of our planet released huge amounts of volatile gases from the molten rocks into the early atmosphere. It is presently thought that the composition of gases erupting from volcanoes today has changed little (or not at all) during this geological period. In the early stages of earth's history, its surface was too hot to allow water vapor to condense. Another thing worth mentioning is our great luck living on the third rock from the Sun. Venus has no atmosphere, nor water on its surface.

Mars, our second neighbor, has a very thin atmosphere, but no free water on its surface. We got lucky in that we are located right between those two, so our surface temperature - as we shall see in the next chapter, which is mainly determined by the amount of solar radiation the Earth receives - is neither too cold nor hot, and hence allows for most of the water to remain in its liquid state. But this process that filled the Earth's oceans started only after its surface cooled below a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius.

The Composition of Water
Water molecules are made of one oxygen atom and two molecules of hydrogen. The structure of the water molecule causes it to be electrically unbalanced. The oxygen atom at one end is much bigger than the hydrogen atoms and is thus more positively charged. The oxygen atom has six protons carrying six units of positive charge, compared to one positive charge of each hydrogen atom. Thus, the water molecule has an electric dipole.

The electric dipole of the water molecule is the main reason that water is a unique substance. Among the special characteristics of water, we shall discuss the following:

Super-Solvent
Since water molecules have an electric dipole, they are the ultimate solvent and hence can dissolve almost every naturally occurring substance. Later on in this book we shall see how this fact contributes to the chemical properties of the ocean.

Large Heat Capacity
The dipole of water molecules causes them to electrically attract each other. Hence, liquid water tends to have micro-structures of molecules that group together and constantly break apart. These micro-structures are based on hydrogen bonds, which, again are based on the unique structure of the water molecules. The temperature of a substance is an expression of the vibrations of the molecules inside the substance. So if we heat water molecules, they do not easily shake, thanks again to hydrogen bonds.

Another important implication of the water dipole is the relatively high boiling point and high freezing point. All hydrogen bonds must break before water can boil. This also leads to a high energy of heating. As you probably already know, water boils at 100oC and freezes at 0oC. The reason water boils at such a high temperature is due to hydrogen bonds, which give water a large 'heat capacity.' 'Heat capacity' is the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 cubic cm of water by 1 degree Celsius. For water we need to invest 4.18 K Jouls. This is known also as specific heat. Water has the highest specific heat of all solids and liquids (except of NH3 known as liquid ammonia). This causes the oceans to be a huge 'temperature buffer,' as we shall later see.

Anomaly of specific gravity
Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density (mass of the same unit volume) of a reference substance. The specific gravity of normal substances rises as their temperature is lowered. The specific gravity of water is 'lowered' when it is cooled down to 4 degrees Celsius. This is, again, due to its unique molecular structure.


text:
Talk:Introduction to Oceanography

Linking to sections
I would highly recommend changing the section-list here (which is just plain text) to links, even if they are not yet completed. This makes for easy creation and for easy navigation. Just a thought. --Cromwellt|talk 03:35, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Introduction to Oceanography


text: Georgia Water/Regional Plans/Coosa, Tallapoosa, Tennessee River Basins


text:
Radiation Oncology/NHL/Treatment high grade

Aggressive Lymphomas

 * Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
 * NK/T-cell lymphoma
 * Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Limited-stage aggressive histology
Three subgroups of patients with different outcomes and recommended treatment: Based on Stage-modified International Prognostic Index Proposed classification:
 * From PMID 15210737 (No abstract), Miller TP. "The limits of limited stage lymphoma." J Clin Oncol. 2004 Aug 1;22(15):2982-4.

 * "Very Limited" - Stage I or IE with 0 stage-modified risk factors.
 * 90% 5-yr survival. Treat with CHOP(3) + RT.
 * "Limited" - Stage I, IE, II, IIE (no bulky II) with 1 or more risk factors
 * 70% 5-yr survival. Treat with CHOP(3) + RT.
 * "Advanced" - Bulky II or bulky IIE.
 * 50% 5-yr survival. Treat with CHOP(8).

Historical Overview

 * RT alone standard of care until 1980. For laparotomy-verified Stage I, results very excellent. For non-verified Stage I, and particularly Stage II, results were poor
 * Stage I: all comers 5-year OS ~50%; laparotomy-staged 5-year OS >90%
 * Stage II: all comers 5-year OS ~20%; laparotomy-staged 35-55%
 * University of Chicago experience suggested that recurrences were not prevented by extended fields, and that Stage II patients should be treated with chemotherapy
 * Around 1980, several small trials demonstrated that adding chemotherapy after RT improved survival. The intent was to control microscopic systemic disease and reduce the size of the radiation fields.
 * Stage I: 5-year RFS 94-100%
 * Stage II: 5-year RFS 72-78%
 * Based on experience in advanced disease, observational studies around the same time suggested that chemotherapy alone was sufficient. CHOP became established as the standard therapy in Stage III/IV disease, and began to be used for Stage I/II trials as well
 * This resulted in SWOG-8736 Phase III trial, which compared CHOP x8 cycles alone to CHOP x3 cycles with involved field RT, in low risk patients (Stage I and non-bulky Stage II). Early results showed a survival benefit for the combined arm, and established it as the standard of care
 * Unfortunately, long-term update (abstract only) showed an excess distant failure rate in the combined modality arm after 5 years, suggesting that CHOP x3 is not sufficient to control the systemic disease in these patients
 * ECOG-1484 Phase III trial randomized higher risk patients (Stage I bulky/extranodal and Stage II) to CHOP x8 cycles alone versus CHOP x8 cycles + involved field RT. There was a disease-free survival benefit, but no overall survival benefit
 * GELA 93-1 Phase III trial evaluated CHOP x4 + involved field RT with dose-intense ACVBP in IPI=0 patients <60 years old. There was a clear survival benefit to ACVBP. This strategy however did not gain wide acceptance in the USA due to its toxicity
 * Finally, GELA 93-4 Phase III trial compared CHOP x4 alone versus CHOP x4 + involved field RT in IPI=0 patients >60 years old. There was no difference in EFS or OS. However, follow-up is still short, and there is a concern about more long-term failures as in SWOG-8736
 * The already complicated situation became even more complicated with the introduction of Rituxan. Several trials established CHOP-R as superior to CHOP
 * The exact role of RT and CHOP-R in the treatment of Stage I/II aggressive lymphomas needs to be clarified

Primary RT

 * British National Lymphoma Investigation, 2004 (1974-1997) PMID 15026794 -- "Long-term follow-up of patients treated with radiotherapy alone for early-stage histologically aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." (Spicer J, Br J Cancer. 2004 Mar 22;90(6):1151-5.)
 * Retrospective. 377 patients treated with RT alone for early-stage diffuse large-cell lymphoma
 * 10-year cause-specific survival: <60 years 75% vs. >60 years 47% (SS)
 * Conclusion: RT alone not sufficient, even in elderly

 * 1986 PMID 3518561 — "Factors predicting survival in adults with stage I and II large-cell lymphoma treated with primary radiation therapy." (Kaminski et al, Ann Intern Med 1986)
 * 148 pts. Stage I-II large cell lymphoma, treated with RT with or without adjuvant chemo.
 * 5-yr freedom-from-relapse was 25% and OS 35% for those with RT on one side of diaphragm; for those with transdiaghragmatic RT or RT + chemo, FFR and OS both 67%.

RT +/- Chemotherapy

 * PMID 6406037, 1983 (1974-78) — "A randomized study of radiotherapy versus radiotherapy plus chemotherapy in stage I-II non-Hodgkin's lymphomas." Nissen NI et al. Cancer. 1983 Jul 1;52(1):1-7.
 * Randomized. 73 pts. Stage I-II. Extended field RT +/- vincristine, streptonigrin, cyclophosphamide and prednisone. Fewer relapses in combined modality group but overall survival similar.

Rituximab-Chemotherapy +/- RT
Ongoing
 * DSHNHL-2004-3 -- "Phase III Randomized Study of Immunochemotherapy Comprising Rituximab, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Vincristine, and Prednisone (R-CHOP) With Versus Without Radiotherapy in Patients With Previously Untreated, Low-Risk, Aggressive, B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma". Also known as UNFOLDER 21/14 study.
 * Arm 1: R-CHOP-21 x6 alone
 * Arm 2: R-CHOP-21 x6 + IFRT
 * Arm 3: R-CHOP-14 x6 alone
 * Arm 4: R-CHOP-14 x6 + RT

 * MD Anderson; 2010 (2001-2007) PMID 20713859 -- "Benefit of Consolidative Radiation Therapy in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With R-CHOP Chemotherapy." (Phan J, J Clin Oncol. 2010 Aug 16. [Epub ahead of print])
 * Retrospective. 469 patients, DLBCL. Stage I-II 40%, Stage III-IV 60%. Chemo 6+ cycles R-CHOP in 70%, RT given IFRT 30-39.6 Gy in 30% after chemo CR. Median F/U 3 years
 * Outcome: On MVA, RT influenced OS and PFS. In matched-pair analysis (Stage I 44 pairs, all stages 74 pairs), RT improved OS (HR 0.5 and 0.3)
 * Conclusion: Significant improvement in OS and PFS in patients who received consolidative RT after R-CHOP

 * SWOG 0014 (2000-2002) PMID 18413640 -- "Phase II study of rituximab plus three cycles of CHOP and involved-field radiotherapy for patients with limited-stage aggressive B-cell lymphoma: Southwest Oncology Group study 0014." (Persky DO, J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 10;26(14):2258-63. Epub 2008 Apr 14.)
 * Phase II. 60 patients, aggressive NHL, limited-stage disease and at least one adverse prognostic factor (nonbulky Stage II, age >60, WHO PS2, elevated LDH). R-CHOP x3 followed by IFRT 40-46 Gy. Median F/U 5.3 years
 * Outcome: 2-year PFS 93%, 4-year PFS 88%. 2-year OS 95%, 4-year OS 92%. Compares favorably with historical SWOG 8736 4-year PFS 78% and OS 88%
 * Conclusion: Addition of R to CHOP + IFRT met prespecified criteria of efficacy; but continued relapse

Pre-Rituximab Chemotherapy +/- RT

 * GELA LNH93-4 (France) (1993-2002) -- CHOP x4 vs. CHOP x4 + RT
 * Randomized. Stopped early after no difference on interim analysis and new evidence showing Rituximab benefit. 576 patients. Age >60, localized Stage I-II aggressive lymphoma, IPI 0. Arm 1) CHOP x4 alone vs. Arm 2) IF-RT 40 Gy (involved nodes/extranodal + adjuacent uninvolved nodes)
 * 7-year update, 2007 PMID 17228021 -- "CHOP alone compared with CHOP plus radiotherapy for localized aggressive lymphoma in elderly patients: a study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte." (Bonnet C, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Mar 1;25(7):787-92.)
 * 5-year EFS: CHOP 61% vs. CHOP/RT 64% (NS). Survival affected by Stage II and male sex
 * Relapses: CHOP local 47%, distal 37%, both 16%; CHOP-RT in-field 21%, out-of-field 66%, both 13%
 * Second cancers: 29 (14%); 9 in CHOP alone vs. 20 in CHOP-RT
 * Subset analysis (49 patients) showed no benefit to RT in bulky disease either (small #)
 * Conclusion: No advantage to adding RT
 * Comment: As a result of this study and GELA93-1, GELA abandoned RT in first line treatment of localized aggressive lymphoma. CHOP-R is used instead
 * Editorial PMID 17228015 -- "Role of radiation therapy in localized aggressive lymphoma." (Ng AK, J Clin Oncol. 2007 Mar 1;25(7):757-9.)

 * GELA LNH93-1 (France)(1993-2000) -- ACVBP vs. CHOP x3 + RT
 * Randomized. 647 patientss, <61 years, localized Stage I or II aggressive lymphoma (Working Formulation: diffuse mixed, diffuse large (80%), or immunoblastic; or anaplastic according to Kiel), no age-adjusted IPI adverse features. Stage I 67%, extranodal involvement 49%, bulky disease 73%. Arm 1) CHOP x 3 + involved-field RT vs Arm 2) ACVBP plus sequential chemo consolidation (MTX, leucovorin, etoposide, ifosfamide, Ara-C). RT one month after last cycle of CHOP, 39.6 Gy. Involved field was involved nodal group and adjacent uninvolved nodes.
 * 5-years; 2005 PMID 15788496 - "ACVBP versus CHOP plus Radiotherapy for Localized Aggressive Lymphoma." (Reyes F, N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 24;352(12):1197-205.) Median F/U 7.7 years
 * Outcome: 5-year EFS ACVBP 82% vs CHOP-RT 74% (SS), true for both bulky and non-bulky subsets; OS 90% vs 81% (SS)
 * Conclusion: In younger patients, ACVBP + consolidation is better than CHOP x3 + RT
 * Comment: ACVBP arm used higher doses of doxorubicin and cytoxan with higher dose intensity than CHOP and used a consolidation phase with different drugs not used during induction.

 * National Medical Center, Mexico (1989-97) -- Residual disease: RT vs. Observation
 * Randomized. 166 patients, DLBCL, high-intermediate/high clinical risk, with residual disease (<5 cm mass) after chemotherapy. Arm 1) RT 30/20 vs Arm 2) observation.
 * 2005 PMID 16260856 — "Residual disease after chemotherapy in aggressive malignant lymphoma: the role of radiotherapy." (Aviles A, Med Oncol. 2005;22(4):383-7.) Median F/U 13.5 years
 * Outcome: 10-yr PFS RT 86% vs observation 32% (SS). Of 57 relapses in the observation arm, 31 were in the site of initial residual disease, 23 disseminated. 10-year OS 89% vs 58% (SS).
 * Conclusion: Salvage RT improves outcome in patients with residual disease after chemotherapy

 * SWOG 8736 (1988-1995) -- CHOP x8 vs CHOP x3 + RT
 * Randomized. 401 patients, intermediate/high grade (Working Formulation), Stage I-IE, or non-bulky (<=10 cm) II/II-E. 67% Stage I, 73% IPI 0-1. Arm 1) CHOP x 8 vs Arm 2) CHOP x 3 + involved field RT. RT dose was 40 Gy, with a boost to 50 Gy for residual disease (majority received 45-50 Gy)
 * 5-years; 1998 PMID 9647875 — "Chemotherapy alone compared with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for localized intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." (Miller TP, N Engl J Med. 1998 Jul 2;339(1):21-6.)
 * Outcome: 5-yr PFS CHOP-RT 77% vs CHOP 64% (SS), OS 82% vs 72% (SS). PFS by IPI: 0-1 77%, 2 60%, 3 34%
 * Toxicity: 2 deaths (CHOP arm neutropenia, RT arm RILD), Grade 4 CHOP 40% vs. RT 30% (p=0.06)
 * Conclusion: CHOP x3 + RT superior to CHOP x8
 * 8-years; 2001 Abstract "CHOP Alone Compared to CHOP Plus Radiotherapy for Early Stage Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas: Updated of the SWOG Randomized Trial." (Miller TP, Blood 98: 724A, 2001, abstr 3024.) Median F/U 8.2 years
 * Outcome: 7-year FFS curves overlap (NS), 9-year OS curves overlap (NS). Continuous decline, with no plateau
 * By risk factors (age >60, elevated LDH, PS >1, Stage II): 5-year OS no RFs 94%, 1 RF 71%, 3 RFs 50%
 * Conclusion: Excess late (>5 years) relapses and deaths in CHOPx3-RT arm negate initial benefit. CHOPx3 + RT remains best standard treatment for Stage I and non-bulky Stage II, but optimal treatment may include more/different systemic chemo
 * Histology; 2004 ASH Abstract -- "Histologic Subtypes Do Not Confer Unique Outcomes in Early-Stage Lymphoma: Long-Term Follow-Up of SWOG 8736." (Spier CM, Blood (ASH Annual Meeting Abstracts) 2004 104: Abstract 3263)
 * Outcome: 10-year OS and FFS no difference, no survival plateau. No difference by histology. Only 1 CNS failure (in a patient with testis involvement; none in Burkitt's Lymphoma)
 * Conclusion: Histology should not be used to exclude early stage intermediate/high grade patients
 * Comment: Trial was trying to address if addition of RT can reduce amount of chemo required. Results from the abstract update suggest that 3 cycles of CHOP are insufficient, even in this reasonably low risk population, due to higher rate of late (>5 years) failures

 * ECOG 1484 (1984-1992) - CHOP x 8 + RT vs CHOP x8
 * Randomized. 352 patients, 172 assessable for +/- RT. Diffuse aggressive lymphoma (Working Formulation: diffuse large cell (80%), diffuse mixed large cell and small cell, and diffuse small cleaved cell). Stage I with risk factors (mediastinal or retroperitoneal involvement; or bulky disease > 10 cm), Stage IE, Stage II-IIE (68%). Patients in CR after 8 cycles of CHOP were randomized to Arm 1) 30 Gy involved-field RT vs Arm 2) observation. If PR, 40 Gy.
 * 6-years; 2004 PMID 15210738 — "Chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy in limited-stage diffuse aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study 1484." (Horning SJ, J Clin Oncol. 2004 Aug 1;22(15):3032-8. Epub 2004 Jun 21.) Median F/U for CR patients 12 years
 * CHOP x8 outcome: 69% assessable. CR 71% (n=172 assessable for +/- RT), PR 29% (treated with RT). Most patients with Stage II bulky disease had PR
 * RT randomization outcome (n=172): 6-year DFS RT 73% vs. control 56% (SS, p=0.05). 10-year OS 68% vs. 65% (NS)
 * RT boost outcome (n=71): 31% CR rate, median OS 9.9 years. Overall, 10-year DFS 78% for all patients treated with chemo + RT
 * Conclusion: After CHOP x8, low-dose RT provided better local control and DFS, with no impact on OS

Historical Series

 * British Columbia (1980-98)
 * 308 pts. Chemo x 3 followed by involved-field RT.
 * 2002 PMID 11773170 — "Brief chemotherapy and involved-region irradiation for limited-stage diffuse large-cell lymphoma: an 18-year experience from the British Columbia Cancer Agency." Shenkier TN et al. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Jan 1;20(1):197-204.
 * Median f/u 86 mo. OS and PFS 80% and 81% at 5 years and 63% and 74% at 10 years. Subgroups with high risk disease based on IPI had worse outcomes and need more aggressive treatment.
 * 1987 PMID 3296898, 1987 — "Brief chemotherapy and involved field radiation therapy for limited-stage, histologically aggressive lymphoma." Connors JM et al. Ann Intern Med. 1987 Jul;107(1):25-30.
 * Original report

 * Milan, 1993 (1985-90) - PMID 8478665 — "Combined modality treatment with primary CHOP chemotherapy followed by locoregional irradiation in stage I or II histologically aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas." Tondini C et al. J Clin Oncol 1993 Apr;11(4):720-5.
 * Non-randomized. 183 pts. CHOP x 4 (or x6 if only PR). RT to 40 Gy to involved sites and 36 Gy to adjacent uninvolved regions.
 * CR 98% after chemo/RT. 5-year RFS and OS 83%.

 * Tucson/British Columbia, 1989 - PMID 2671279 — "Long-term follow-up and analysis for prognostic factors for patients with limited-stage diffuse large-cell lymphoma treated with initial chemotherapy with or without adjuvant radiotherapy." Jones SE et al. J Clin Oncol. 1989 Sep;7(9):1186-91.
 * 142 pts. Two prospective trials, treated with CHOP with or without RT.
 * RFS 82% at 5 yrs. No difference between groups.

 * NCI, 1989 PMID 2788716 -- "Treatment of localized aggressive lymphomas with combination chemotherapy followed by involved-field radiation therapy." (Longo DL, J Clin Oncol. 1989 Sep;7(9):1295-302.)
 * Prospective. 47 patients, Stage I/IE with aggresive lymphoma. Treated with Pro-MACE-MOPP x4 cycles followed by 40 Gy IFRT. Median F/U 3.5 years
 * Outcome: 96% CR; toxicity 5% hospital admissions
 * Conclusion: Safe and effective

CHOP +/- Rituxan

 * DSHNHL RICOVER-60 (2000-2005) -- CHOP-14 vs. CHOP-21, R-CHOP vs. CHOP
 * Randomized, 4 arms. 1222 patients, DLBCL, age >60. Stage I-II 50%, Stage III-IV 50%. 2x2 design, CHOP-14 6 cycles vs. 8 cycles; and Rituximab vs. placebo. Arm 1) CHOP-14 x6 vs. Arm 2) CHOP-14 x8 vs. Arm 3) R-CHOP-14 x6 vs. Arm 4) R-CHOP-14 x8. RT 36 Gy given if initial bulky disease or extranodal disease (34%). Primary end point EFS.
 * 3-years; 2008 PMID 18226581 -- "Six versus eight cycles of bi-weekly CHOP-14 with or without rituximab in elderly patients with aggressive CD20+ B-cell lymphomas: a randomised controlled trial (RICOVER-60)." (Pfreundschuh M, Lancet Oncol. 2008 Feb;9(2):105-16. Epub 2008 Jan 15.)
 * Outcome: 3-year EFS CHOP-14 x6 47% vs. CHOP-14 x8 53% vs. R-CHOP-14 x6 66% vs. R-CHOP-14 x8 63%; OS 68% vs. 66% vs. 78% vs. 72%. Using CHOP-14 x6 cycles as baseline, all intensified regimens SS improved EFS; OS only for R-CHOP-14 x6 cycles
 * Conclusion: Six cycles of R-CHOP-14 should be preferred treatment in elderly, no benefit for more cycles of chemo

 * GELA 98-5 (1998-2000) -- CHOP vs. R-CHOP
 * Randomized. 399 pts. 60-80 years old, Stage II-IV. Randomized to CHOP x8 vs R-CHOP x8 (both arms CHOP-21)
 * 5-years, 2005 PMID 15867204 -- "Long-term results of the R-CHOP study in the treatment of elderly patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a study by the Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte." (Feugier P, J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 20;23(18):4117-26.). Median F/U 5-years. Median follow-up 5 yrs.
 * 5-year EFS: CHOP 29% vs. R-CHOP 47% (SS). Median EFS CHOP 1.1 years vs. R-CHOP 3.8 years (SS)
 * 5-year outcomes: PFS 30% vs. 54% (SS); DFS 45% vs. 66% (SS); OS 45% vs. 58% (SS)
 * 2002: PMID 11807147 — "CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma." Coiffier B et al. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 24;346(4):235-42.
 * Conclusion : Addition of Rituxan leads to significant improvement for elderly patients; benefit in both low- and high-risk groups by IPI

 * ECOG 4494 / CALGB / SWOG Intergroup -- CHOP vs. R-CHOP
 * Abstract, 45th annual ASH meeting (Dec 2003) — "Rituximab-CHOP versus CHOP with or without maintenance rituximab in patients 60 years of age or older with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL): an update." Habermann TM et al. Blood 2004; 104:40a (abstract 127).

 * MabThera trial -- CHOP vs. R-CHOP
 * Randomized. 18 countries. 824 patients, <60 with DLBCL, Stage II-IV, IPI 0-1, or bulky Stage I. Treated with CHOP x6 vs. CHOP-R x6. RT given for bulky and extranodal disease
 * 3 years, 2006 PMID 16648042 -- "CHOP-like chemotherapy plus rituximab versus CHOP-like chemotherapy alone in young patients with good-prognosis diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma: a randomised controlled trial by the MabThera International Trial (MInT) Group." (Pfreundschuh M, Lancet Oncol. 2006 May;7(5):379-91.). Median F/U 2.8 years
 * 3-year outcomes: OS CHOP-R 93% vs. CHOP 84% (SS), EFS 79% vs. 59% (SS)
 * Prognostic groups: favorable (IPI=0, no bulk) and unfavorable (IPI=1, bulk, or both)
 * Conclusion: CHOP-R is effective

ACVBP vs. CHOP

 * GELA, 2003 - PMID 12920037 - "Intensive conventional chemotherapy (ACVBP regimen) compared with standard CHOP for poor-prognosis aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma." Tilly H et al. Blood. 2003 Dec 15;102(13):4284-9.
 * Randomized. Poor-risk aggressive NHL, elderly pts (ages 61-69), at least one aggressive factor on age-adjusted IPI. Randomized to ACVBP vs CHOPx8. No XRT. ACVBP consisted of induction phase and CNS prophylaxis followed by sequential consolidation. 635 pts.
 * No diff in CR. 5-year event free survival 39% (ACVBP) vs 29%, and overall survival 46% vs 38%. More CNS relapses in CHOP group.
 * Conclusion: Despite higher toxicity, ACVBP results in better EFS and OS

Historical Series

 * 1980 PMID 7002279, 1980 — "Management with chemotherapy only of stage I and II malignant lymphoma of aggressive histologic types." Cabanillas F et al. Cancer. 1980 Dec 1;46(11):2356-9.
 * 30 pts. CR in 88%. 85% freedom-from-relapse.

 * 1979 PMID 85006, 1979 — "Chemotherapy of localised histiocytic lymphoma." Miller TP. Lancet. 1979 Feb 17;1(8112):358-60.
 * Original CHOP paper by Miller and Jones?

Chemotherapy regimens

 * CHOP - cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin), vincristine, and prednisone
 * H is for hydroxydaunomycin (doxorubicin). O is for Oncovin (vincristine).
 * ACVBP doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, and prednisone.
 * Often used with a consolidation chemotherapy regimen using different drugs.
 * Hyper-CVAD - cytoxan, vincristine, Adriamycin, decadron
 * RICE - Rituxan, Ifosfamide, Carboplatin, Etoposide
 * ESHAP - Etoposide, Methylprednisolone (Solu-medrol), High-dose Ara-C, and Cisplatinum

For CSF prophylaxis:
 * IV and intrathecal methotrexate and ara-C

Chemotherapy technique

 * USA Survey, 2004 PMID 15381684 -- "Incidence and predictors of low chemotherapy dose-intensity in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a nationwide study." (Lyman GH, J Clin Oncol. 2004 Nov 1;22(21):4302-11.)
 * Survey. 567 oncology practices, 4522 patients treated with CHOP, CHOP-R, CNOP.
 * Relative dose-intensity (RDI): 53% patients received RDI less than 85% of minimum 6-cycles; Elderly: 60% patients received <85% of minimum RDI
 * Predictors: age >60, advanced disease, poor PS, no prophylactic colony-stimulating factor use
 * Conclusion: Patients frequently receive reduced dose in potentially curable NHL; better support recommended

RT technique
Dose-Response
 * British National Lymphoma Investigation; 2011 (1997-2005) PMID 21664710 -- "Reduced dose radiotherapy for local control in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a randomised phase III trial." (Lowry L, Radiother Oncol. 2011 Jul;100(1):86-92.)
 * Randomized, 640 pts w/ stage I-IV, aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, mostly DLBCL. Most treated as part of first-line therapy; 79% received prior chemotherapy. Control arm: 40-45 Gy in 2 Gy fractions. Experimental arm: 30 Gy in 15 fractions.
 * No difference in complete response rate, freedom from local progression, overall survival between dose levels. 5-year freedom from local progression 83.5% high dose vs. 82.2% low dose.
 * Separate group of indolent NHL randomized to 40-45 Gy vs 24 Gy also showed no difference in outcomes.

 * Review: PMID 12633576, 2003 — "Influence of differing radiotherapy strategies on treatment results in diffuse large-cell lymphoma: a review." Nieder C et al. Cancer Treat Rev. 2003 Feb;29(1):11-9.
 * For pts achieving CR, 30 - 30.6 Gy for <6 cm tumor, 40 Gy for 7-10 cm, 45 Gy for larger. For less than CR, insufficient data.

 * MDACC; 2001 (1988-96) PMID 11163493 -- "Dose-response analysis for radiotherapy delivered to patients with intermediate-grade and large-cell immunoblastic lymphomas that have completely responded to CHOP-based induction chemotherapy." (Wilder RB, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2001 Jan 1;49(1):17-22.)
 * 294 pts w/ Stage I-IV, intermediate-grade or large-cell immunoblastic lymphomas. Treated on 2 prospective trials.
 * Recommend dose of 30 Gy - 30.6 Gy for tumors < 3.5 cm with CR after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Recommend 39.6 Gy for tumors 3.5-10 cm with CR. Recommend 45 Gy for tumors > 10 cm with CR.

 * U. Florida; 1999 PMID 10348285 -- "The impact of radiotherapy dose and other treatment-related and clinical factors on in-field control in stage I and II non-Hodgkin's lymphoma." (Kamath SS, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1999 Jun 1;44(3):563-8.)
 * 285 pts w/ Stage I-II NHL (72 low grade, 92 intermediate to high grade, 21 unclassified). 159 treated w/ RT alone, 126 combined modality.
 * 95 treatment failures with 12 in-field failures. Most failures occurred in contiguous non-irradiated areas.

Whole-abdomen irradiation
 * Washington University; 1994 (1978-1990) PMID 8029434 -- "Non-Hodgkin lymphoma: whole-abdomen irradiation as an adjuvant to chemotherapy." (Valicenti RK, Radiology. 1994 Aug;192(2):571-6.)
 * Retrospective. 39 patients with abdominal NHL, modified three-way abdomen irradiation
 * Toxicity: decreased blood counts, enteritis
 * Conclusion: Safe adjunct to chemo


text:
Orthopaedic Surgery/Authors

 * Authors

Bduttabaruah, DNB(Ortho) - BDB
 * Registrar, Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, Apollo Speciality Hospital, Chennai, India.
 * First authorship: September 4, 2005

Craig Newland - Craignewland
 * First Authorship: February 15, 2006

OpenOrtho - elfar
 * First Authorship: November 14, 2006

Dr Gordon Cameron  - Gordon Cameron
 * Specialist in joint and muscle pain
 * First authorship: June 25, 2007

 * Admins

hagindaz

Jguk Derbeth

Robert Horning

Kernigh

Whiteknight

Several other Anonymous Authors.

title: Orthopaedic Surgery/Authors


text:
Orthopaedic Surgery/Introduction

Orthopedic Surgery is a surgical subspecialty which focuses on maladies of the Musculoskeletal System. Surgeons who specialise in this field are referred to as Orthopaedicians or Orthopaedists or simply Orthopaedic Surgeons. Orthopaedic Surgeons are involved in the diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and prevention of injuries or diseases afflicting  the spine, pelvis and extremities. Bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles and nerves constitute the muskelosleletal system. The muskuloskeletal system helps us to sit, stand, move, work, play and function as a human being. Orthopaedic surgeons often work closely with other health professionals like Plastic Surgeons, Radiologists, Trauma Surgeons, Anaesthetists, Physical therapists and Orthotists in restoring the diseased patient back to normal function.

Origin
Nicolas Andre was the first to propose the term Orthopaedia in a self-help book he wrote for parents - Orthopaedia: Or, The art of Correcting and Preventing Deformities in Children. He derived the name from the two greek words, Ortho implying straight and free from deformity and Paedia referring to children. At that point of time deformities in children due to poliomyelietis and tuberculosis was rampant and physicians were few or too expensive to afford. Today orthopaedics, as it is commonly referred to, deals with patients from all age groups. Contrary to common belief, the proper spelling is orthopaedic and not orthopedic. However the earliest evidence of care for the injured and deformed can be traced back five thousand years to the Egyptian civilisation. . Over the years physicians and surgeons, both, combined their resources in taking care of the crippled. The discovery of anaesthesia by Horace Wells, recognition of the importance of asepsis by Joseph Lister , bone grafting by MacEwen , and Internal fixation by Arbuthnot Lane , combined with the development of the "magic rays" by William Conrad Röntgen completed the triad of developments that propelled orthopaedics at the turn of the 19th century to establish into a speciality.

Scope
Orthopaedic Surgeons treat a wide range of problems starting from fractures and dislocations, ligament and tendon injuries, low back pain and sciatica, bone tumours, arthritis and osteoporosis, clubfoot and knock knees to cerbral palsy and muscular dystrophy. The range is wide in its length and breadth. Many times, like in other specialitites, the Orthopaedician is part of a large team caring for the patient. Over the past few decades orthopaedics has grown into different subspecialities - Paediatric Orthopaedics, Spine Surgery, Arthroscopy, Trauma, Adult Reconstruction, Hand and Microsurgery. Most of the orthopaedic surgeons practise general orthopaedics but many of them are beginning to branch out and concentrate on an area of sub speciality. To be an orthopaedic surgeon one would require to have a sound theoretical knowledge of the subject, good understanding of mechanics, substantial manual dexterity, and the ability to visualise in three-dimensions. Tremendous advances have been made in the field of Arthroscopy, Spine surgery and Arthroplasty. Cartilage growth and transplant hold a lot of promise for the future. Orthopaedics is a vast evolving speciality. A consultant orthopaedic surgeon divides his time between the out-patient clinics, the operating theatre, teaching and research. A network of societies and associations hold annual meetings and educational courses to keep the surgeon updated.

Market and Orthopaedics
It is only through practicing orthopedics that we can be said to know it. It is through the practice of orthopedic surgery that we challenge the scientific hypotheses that underpin our therapeutic approaches. Indeed in orthopedics, as in any scientifically based discipline, it is through the study of our failures that our science is refined and our practices ultimately improved. Evidenced based medicine, decision analysis and patient centered outcomes analysis serve to augment the organic process of decision making that occurs naturally in the process of practicing orthopedic surgery.The practice of orthopedic surgery like any medical practice involves decision making. The authority, status, respect, and hopefully remuneration that result reflect the quality of our decision making as that quality impacts the success or our interventions in positively influencing the course of our patients confronted with musculoskeletal afflictions. Today the process of knowledge acquisition and marketing are tightly intertwined. When considering a presentation at a meeting the audience is being presented with scientific information as well as a brand message, from the presenter and from any technology purveyor which may be featured in the clinical series. Critical review of presentations and in the case of published data, assessment as to the level of evidence which is being delivered is an essential part of the process. Many of the scientific meetings which purport to be the basis of our education are controlled or managed by market forces. And to be eligible to participate in such a process, a surgeon needs to either pay through his nose or be sponsored by a company.

Need of a Wikibook
In a society where the market forces determine your eligibility to education it is important that we have mechanisms in place that can possibly free us from such restrictive access. There are numerous medical personnel in the world who do not have access to medical resources. There are numerous websites that have made attempts to provide access. This wikibook is also an exercise in providing information on Orthopaedic surgery free of any restrictions. We hope that over a period of time the book will grow into a respectable compendium on orthopaedic surgery.Developing such a body of work requires tremendous effort and in the absence of commercial interests, this is possible in the platform that wikibooks provides. Wikibooks provides for us, you and me, the space to work on, cumulate and evaluate the work with the aid of numerous volunteers from the community. And all this comes at no price. This is not easy work! But we believe this is possible and we are here to prove it. Please join us in making this a success.

title: Orthopaedic Surgery/Introduction