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Could Sherlock Holmes Have Been a Good Geologist?/References

N.A.S.S.S.R. (1983). Instruktsia dlia geojimicheskiie metodi poiskov rudnij mestoroshdenii, Nedra, Moscow, 263 p.

Bunge, M.A. (1972). La investigación científica, su estrategia y su filosofía. Ed. Ciencias Sociales, Havana, 955 p.

Cheeney, R.F. (1986). Statisticheskie metodi v geologii. Recheniie polevij i laboratornij zadach. Mir, Moscow, 185 p.

Kashdan, A.B. (1982). Prospección de yacimientos minerales. Mir, Moscow, 376 p.

Kashdan, A.B. and O.I. Gushkov (1979). Matematicheskoie modelirovanie v geologii i poiskov rudnij mestoroshdenii. Nedra, Moscow, 233 p.

Ostle, B. (1973). Estadística aplicada. Ed. Pueblo y Educación, Habana, 638 p.

Valls Alvarez, R.A. (1990). Tercera versión de las fichas codificadas. Ventajas de su uso. Geological Report, 18 p.

‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑ (1985). El uso de histogramas y de polígonos de frecuencias en la interpretación de los datos geoquímicos, in Resúmenes de la II Jornada Científico Técnica de la Filial Santiago de la Sociedad Cubana de Geología, Santiago of Cuba, Cuba. p. 8-21.


text:
Could Sherlock Holmes Have Been a Good Geologist?/Print Version

= GNU Free Documentation License =

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Magorian

Overview
Magorian, a Centaur, is one of only four Centaurs named in the books. He is a member of the centaur herd that lives in the Forbidden Forest.

Order of the Phoenix
Hagrid asks Harry and Hermione for a favour; he expects that he will be sacked soon, and wants them to do something for him if he gets sent away. As he leads them into the forest, he mentions that Firenze working with Dumbledore has made for problems with the Centaurs; they are not happy, especially not with Hagrid as he stopped them kicking Firenze to death. After they have met Grawp and are on their way back out of the forest, they are met by about half a dozen centaurs, including Magorian and Bane; Magorian warns Hagrid that he is not welcome in the Forest any more. As the centaurs do not harm foals (meaning Harry and Hermione), however, Hagrid will be allowed to pass today.

When Harry is trapped in Dolores Umbridge's office along with Hermione, Hermione manages to convince her that Harry was trying to reach Professor Dumbledore to say that the weapon they had been building for him was complete. Umbridge is lured by the promise of this weapon into the Forbidden Forest, where the three of them are challenged by the Centaur herd. While there are many centaurs present, only three are named: Bane, Ronan, and Magorian. It is Magorian who first speaks to the three of them, and who Umbridge attempts to bind.

Deathly Hallows
Magorian is apparently one of the centaurs who joins in at the final battle for Hogwarts.


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Could Sherlock Holmes Have Been a Good Geologist?/Cover

Could Sherlock Holmes Have Been a Good Geologist?

How to Achieve a Correct View of a Geological Phenomenon

 * Ricardo Alberto Valls Alvarez (Valls Geoconsultant)
 * Liudmila Victorovna Valls Alvarez


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Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Glossary/G-H

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User talk:70.226.96.157

welcome
Welcome, 70.226.96.157!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

I hope you enjoy reading and editing Wikibooks. I hope that you can make great improvements to the Music Theory book and the Guitar book. Perhaps you would also be interested in other Category:Music books.

--DavidCary (talk) 15:52, 24 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:70.226.96.157


text:
Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Glossary/I-J

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User:Mike.lifeguard/CPWelcome

Welcome!
Looks like this is a class project. If you guys need something, just ask (the admins are usually around). If you like, you can help us keep track of class projects by registering this one at List of class projects. This way, the regulars will know that you're working as a group on this project and we can better help out. A good starting point for anyone involved in this is Guidelines for class projects - just a quick primer so you know how things are done around here.

Finally, if there's an instructor or group leader, please identify them to us as such. Having a single contact point makes life much easier.

I hope all of you find this as exciting a project as I (and the other folks here) do. My talk page is always available if you need anything, or WB:HELP is read by the community at large. Happy editing!

title: User:Mike.lifeguard/CPWelcome


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Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Bogrod

Overview
Bogrod, a goblin, is one of the counter staff (what would be tellers in a Muggle bank) at Gringotts Wizarding Bank in Diagon Alley.

Deathly Hallows
In order to retrieve the cup of Helga Hufflepuff, which Harry believes has been made into a Horcrux by Lord Voldemort, Harry, Hermione, and Ron, with the assistance of Griphook, determine to enter Gringotts and break into Bellatrix Lestrange's family vault. The Goblin who they encounter at the desk, and who Harry coerces into leading them to the vaults, is Bogrod. Under Harry's control, Bogrod receives Clankers, and pilots a cart down to the deepest levels where the Lestrange vault is located.

Griphook explains how the Clankers are used: to make noise so that the guardian dragon will not attack them. Bogrod opens the vault for them, at Harry's command. Once Harry has managed to retrieve the Cup, he coerces Bogrod into opening the door for them once more; then, confronted with a number of Goblins intent on restraining him, he, Ron, and Hermione free the watch-dragon and escape on his back.

Strengths
Bogrod is a Gringotts goblin, and as such has the knowledge and authority afforded to him by such a position.

Weaknesses
He is shown to be particularly susceptible to Harry's Imperius Curse, although he would certainly have not been expecting it, or ready to throw it off.

Relationships with Other Characters
Bogrod presumably works with the other goblins in Gringotts.

Analysis
There is not really a lot to say about Bogrod. The story required someone who could grant the Trio access to a Gringotts vault, and so Bogrod was brought into our story, and promptly controlled by Harry to give that access. As Bogrod's personality is completely overpowered by Harry's use of the Imperius Curse within seconds of his introduction, there is little of value that we can learn from him.

Questions

 * 1) What happened to Bogrod?
 * 2) Would Bogrod have been able to resist the Imperius Curse, had he been expecting it?

Greater Picture
Although goblins are given a little more focus during this book, they do occasionally appear to be expendable. In Bogrod's case, we are left wanting for his ultimate fate.

We note that in his haste to depart the Lestrange vault, it is possible that Harry has left Bogrod within. In this case, we can only hope that Griphook reminds the other goblins there to free him. In the film adaptation, Bogrod is instead killed by the dragon. He may have even been among the goblins slaughtered by Voldemort in his rage.

In any case, the future does not look good for Bogrod, although none of this is his fault.


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Talk:Volcanoes

Looks good so far. I think Volcanoes/Volcanism needs to be merged better than just dumped into the book though. As well, please let me know when this is done and I'll merge the edit histories. I may get to it before you; I plan to make an outline from my memories of the class tomorrow evening unless something else comes up. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 03:46, 21 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I wonder if we could simply move Volcanism into the rest of the book or just outright delete it. It is speaking to readers in a very technical way that I can't understand. It would be best to do one of these, probably:

 * 1) We could keep it the way it is, with little editing
 * A.Related:Edit it slightly

Thoughts? Laleena (talk) 22:33, 22 January 2008 (UTC)
 * 1) We could edit it to make it less technical
 * 2) We could merge
 * 3) We could delete

title: Talk:Volcanoes


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Using Ubuntu Linux/Introduction/Introduction for n00bs

A computer can be a very useful and valuable thing to have. You can do so much with one if you have to knowledge to use it. This guide is for people who want to learn Ubuntu, a distribution of Linux generally believed to be the easiest and most user friendly of them all. Just to be clear, Linux is a very small piece of software that is very fast and robust. A distribution, or "distro," is simply an operating system built around the Linux kernel. But why should you choose Ubuntu as your computer's operating system?

 * It's fast. This means old computers can run Linux more comfortably than other new operating systems.
 * It's safe. As opposed to Windows, which requires virus-protection software, Linux very rarely gets them. It's not like "you don't get them that often," but rather "if you find one, let me know."
 * It's reliable. Windows will often crash or certain programs might not respond. You don't want your operating system slowing you down. This happens much less in Ubuntu and other distros.
 * It's affordable. Some distributions might charge money, but most are completely free and non-commercial. They are created by a large community of developers all around the world, who also quickly find out about problems and create updates for them every so often.


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Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Glossary/K-L

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Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Glossary/M-N

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Talk:Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Intro to Bezier Curves

In the begginning
I made this page to clarify exactly how curves work in Blender, because I felt it is lacking from other places in this book. When it is finished, it should make the following tutorial make more sense.

Bevel Objects
The section "Bevel Objects" needs more clarification with the aid of some images to illustrate the effect of the bevel object dimensions on different distances of the beveled age.

I couldn't understand what this topic was supposed to do. Could someone explain better and include images? Thanks...]

I couldn't understand this either. Heck, I don't even have a typable field in 'Curve and Surface'... Help on this section would be extremely useful...]''

 * After you finish making the filled shape exit to object mode.

Then add a curve and rename it to bevel or anything under the Link and Materials tap or just use the given name of the new curve. Then deselect the new curve and select your filled shape.

 * With the filled shape selected type in the name of the new curve that you have just created in the BevOb: box. It is under the Curve and Surface tap at the lower right corner.

Hope that helps :)]''

Noob Edits and Observations: Bevel Objects, as noted, create a torus from the original curve. That is, they create a 3-dimensional "donut" shape and the shape of the bevel object determines the cross-section of the torus, or "donut." The text points this out, but not early enough to give an overview. Some experiments show that: 1. Bevel objects exert their first influence from the outermost left side of the figure first. The left side of the bevel object will determine the outer contour of the solid object. 2. The placement of the Bevel Object in relation to the original curve does not seem to matter; the Bevel Object can be to the right or left of the original curve. 3. The next inner curve will be transformed to a torus from its left side with a cross-section that is the mirror image of the bevel object. 4. For complex figures with many nested curves, it appears this mirroring will alternate with each curve as one goes inward from the outermost curve.WindsorSpring (discuss • contribs) 17:36, 26 January 2011 (UTC)

More "tutorial like" version
As I noted on the main page, I am currently working on it to make it more "tutorial like" with more images and easier to use. If I end up not finishing the project, someone can take over, and then paste it on to the main page when it is complete.

Also, I have no problem with other people slaughtering my text with massive edits or revisions. --IqAndreas (talk) 04:27, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

I will attempt to merge them, and have the other one deleted Pearts (talk) 21:19, 5 September 2010 (UTC)

Move from default plane
I'd like to know how to move a point out of it's default plane.

be sure you have the both end points selected, then use RKEY to move it around it's axis's Pearts (talk) 21:23, 5 September 2010 (UTC)


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Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Glossary/O-P

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User talk:Babytoothdoc

Thanks
Thanks for the correction you made to the Food - Canning honor. The error was mine, and I had to scratch my head to make sure you had gotten it right, but you sure had! Thanks again! Please feel free to add more material to any of the Answer Book (or elsewhere in the Wikibooks project) --Jomegat (talk) 13:23, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Babytoothdoc


text:
User talk:Duncan Quick

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:05, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Duncan Quick


text:
User talk:Ann Quick

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:06, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ann Quick


text:
User talk:Paolor

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:06, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paolor


text:
User talk:Mark Botirius

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:06, 21 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mark Botirius


text:
Could Sherlock Holmes Have Been a Good Geologist?/Licensing

Licensing
The text of this book is released under the following license:

In addition, the original uploaded version was also released under the following license:


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Conlang/Intermediate/Sounds/Sandhi rules

Sandhi is the general name for a number of effects in which sound changes at the boundaries between morphemes (the minimal units of meaning in language, like the in-, describe, and -able mentioned earlier), depending on the sound or grammatical function of neighboring morphemes. The word sandhi is from the Sanskrit संधि, "joining".

There are two forms of sandhi. Internal sandhi is what happens when two morphemes join together and the sounds in those morphemes affect each other in some way. An example of internal sandhi would be the change of // to // in the word which comes from the Greek roots and.

External sandhi is a change that happens at a word boundary rather than inside a single word. All languages will do this to some extent, but it is often not reflected in that language's writing: is usually pronounced as // in fast speech and features the same // to // change as with.

The word ‘sandhi’ is a term originally used to refer to a set of Sanskrit phonological processes, such as how certain combinations of vowels happen to change when they meet at morpheme boundaries: + →, ‘friendly instruction’.

Assimilation
So it's all very well to say that sounds change when they meet, but we still need to understand how they change. What kinds of transformations can occur? What patterns are there?

Perhaps the most frequent form of sandhi that languages have is called assimilation. Assimilation happens when two different sounds come together and one of the sounds changes to become more like the other. We've already seen an example of this in the word where the // in changed its place of articulation from dorsal to labial to match the labial consonant // at the beginning of.

Similarly the word is itself an example of assimilation. It comes from the Latin roots  and. The // changes its manner of articulation to become a fricative and it also changes its voicing to become unvoiced. These are both properties that // has, and it so happens that an unvoiced dorsal fricative is // meaning that the assimilation is so complete that the // is completely swallowed up by the // and the only remnant left is a doubled <s> in the written form of the word.

Lenition
Another common form of sandhi is lenition, which means ‘softening’. Lenition usually occurs to consonants when they get surrounded by vowels. If you can remember back to the sonority hierarchy, you might remember that vowels are more sonorous than consonants and you can think of lenition as consonants assimilating to the higher sonority of the vowel that they are now butting up against.

Lenition can be broken down into several more specific processes where certain specific kinds of consonants undergo certain kinds of changes:

 * voicing, which involves a consonant moving from unvoiced to voiced, as with // → //
 * affrication, which involves a stop becoming an affricate, as in // → //
 * spirantization, which involves a stop or affricate becoming a fricative, as with // → //, or // → //
 * debuccalization, which involves moving the place of articulation, usually to the back of the mouth, such as // → //

No matter the specific details, all of these involve taking a consonant from lower down on the sonority hierarchy and moving it a little further up.

Fortition
The opposite of lenition is fortition. While less common, it does occur; as in the Italian // ‘house, home’ → [] but // ‘at home’ → [].

Tone Sandhi
In tonal language the tones will often interact via a process called tone sandhi, where one of the tones will become another under certain situations, often under the influence of other tones.

In Standard Mandarin Chinese, when there are two consecutive third-tone syllables, the first of them is pronounced with second tone. For example, lao3 shu3 老鼠 (, "mouse") comes to be pronounced lao2 shu3.


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Conlang/Advanced/Language-Culture link

There are many theories that say that a language is simply a product of the culture that speaks it, the same way it's art and food are, so there's no reason to say that yours isn't. However, some linguistic theories claim that language is not influenced much by culture at all. A few natlangs do seem to be influenced by culture; Japanese is the most famous example. The Japanese have throughout history been very hierarchy-conscious. Their verbs inflect to show deference between speaker and listener. Feel free to use your own judgement in how your language and culture interact.

Esperanto: a Culture-Killer, a Culture-Creator, or Culturally Neutral?
As the undisputedly widest-spoken conlang in the world, Esperanto becomes a key point of argument for discussing conlangs in general. Critics of Esperanto have discussed whether or not Esperanto helps or hinders other languages, and it is often feared that if Esperanto was more widely-spoken, people would cease to speak their own languages, resulting in a massive number of languages going extinct. Esperantists have argued many times that Esperanto, as Zamenhof designed it, has not replaced any languages but rather supplemented them as a second language, and they point out that they are one of the few linguistic communities in the world to have virtually all members being multilingual.

Another question, however, was whether or not Esperanto has a culture or not, and the Esperantists themselves are split on this. Raumism is a political ideology in the Esperanto community which holds that Esperanto, rather than being a neutral language purely for second-language communication between peoples, has evolved its own culture and community in its own rights. Traditional Esperantists continue to argue that Esperanto has only created an interculture, a cultural bridge between different pre-existing cultures, and that Esperanto music and literature are only parts of this rather than being distinct cultural entities in their own rights. At the same time, all Esperantists argue against general critics of Esperanto, who argue that Esperanto lacks a culture and is therefore "not useful"; the traditional Esperantist response is that Esperanto culture exists only as an element of a far larger international culture, while Raumists argue that Esperanto has its own unique culture.

Language (Re-)Creation and Cultural Revival: A Look at Hebrew
The closest analogy that can be found to a constructed language is a language which has been or is being revived. The best example of this by far is Hebrew, which is the only language to have been revived from being unspoken and used only for Jewish liturgy to being the everyday first language of millions of speakers. As more Jews arrived in Mandatory Palestine, dropping the languages they spoke in the diaspora like Yiddish and Judeo-Spanish became a more popular trend to "negate the diaspora", an attempt to erase the time the Jews had been living outside of the land - the phrase "Hebrew [man], speak Hebrew" was common as the politico-cultural connotations of speaking the historical Jewish language conflicted with the "foreign" languages spoken by the Jews when they arrived.

However, much like a language created a priori, Hebrew managed to pick up elements of the other languages of its revivalists. Ghil'ad Zuckermann, a professor of revival linguistics, described the Founder Theory, arguing that a language that is revived will always be reconstructed with inescapable elements of the revivalists' mother languages. According to his theory, Hebrew formed as a hybrid with elements of both Semitic Biblical Hebrew and Indo-European Yiddish, the native language of the early revivalists. This theory equally applies to both reviving and constructing languages: that no matter how careful one is, elements of the language creator's culture will always be present in a conlang in one way or another.

title: Conlang/Advanced/Language-Culture link


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Operations Research/Linear Programming

Linear Programming (LP) is a mathematical modelling technique useful for allocation of limited resources such as material, machines etc to several competing activities such as projects, services etc. A typical linear programming problem consists of a linear objective function which is to be maximized or minimized subject to a finite number of linear constraints. (By a linear function we mean a function of the form $$a_1x_1+a_2x_2+\cdots a_nx_n$$ where $$x_1,x_2\cdots x_n$$ are all variables.)

The founders of LP are George B. Dantzig, who published the simplex method in 1947, John von Neumann, who developed the theory of the duality in the same year, and Leonid Kantorovich, a Russian mathematician who used similar techniques in economics before Dantzig and won the Nobel prize in 1975 in economics. The linear programming problem was first shown to be solvable in polynomial time by Leonid Khachiyan in 1979, but a larger major theoretical and practical breakthrough in the field came in 1984 when Narendra Karmarkar introduced a new interior point method for solving linear programming problems.

The Two Variable LP model
Two variable LP models don't usually exist in practice but their study can provide us with an example as to how a general model can be handled.

We will explain the model by an example.

Consider a chemical company which produces two salts: X and Y. Suppose an acid and a base are the only two chemicals required by the company to produce these two salts. Further suppose that by past experience the owner of the company has obtained the following data:

To make 1 unit of the salt X, 6 units of the acid and 1 unit of the base is required. To make 1 unit of the salt Y, 4 units of the acid and 2 units of the base are required. At most 24 units of the acid and 6 units of the base are available daily. 1 unit of the salt X gets him a profit of 5 (in whatever currency) and 1 unit of the salt Y gets him a profit of 4. In addition due to a market survey he knows that the daily demand for the salt Y cannot exceed that for X by more than 1 unit, and that the maximum daily demand for the salt Y is 2 units.

The company owner wants the best product mix. That is to say, he wants to know the amount of X and Y he should make daily so that he gets the highest profit.

To formulate the LP model for this problem we first need to identify the decision variables. These are the variables which will represent the entities about which we have to actually make a decision about. In our problem it is clear that the entities are the salts X and Y and so the variables should represent the amount they should be each made. So let,

$$x_1$$= Units produced daily of salt X

$$x_2$$= Units produced daily of salt Y

The next step is to decide what should be the objective function for our model. It is clear from the name itself that the objective function represents our objective i.e. maximizing our total profit. Since the total profit is usually the sum of the profits obtained from X and Y it should be equal to $$5x_1+4x_2$$. This is assuming that if 1 unit of X (or Y) gives a profit of 5 (or 4) then $$x_1$$ (or $$x_2$$) units would give a profit of $$5x_1$$ (or $$4x_2$$). Hence if z represents the total daily profit the objective is:

Maximize z = $$5x_1+4x_2$$.

Now we consider the constraints that restrict the usage of the acids and the salts. We know that the total amount of acid which we use in the day can't exceed 24. Since $$6x_1$$ and $$4x_2$$ are reasonably the amounts of the acid used in making the salt X and Y we may conclude that our constraint is:

$$6x_1+4x_2\le 24$$

Similarly, for the base:

$$x_1+2x_2\le 6$$

Now the market dictates that the excess of the daily production of Y over X which is $$x_2-x_1$$ can't exceed 1 which means that:

$$x_2-x_1\le 1$$

Also the maximum daily demand for the salt Y is 2 units so that:

$$x_2\le 2$$

An implicit assumption is that the variables $$x_1$$ and $$x_2$$ can't assume negative values (Why?). The nonnegativity restrictions, $$x_1,x_2\ge 0$$ account for this requirement.

The complete model can be now stated as:

Maximize z = $$5x_1+4x_2$$

subject to,

$$6x_1+4x_2\le 24$$, $$x_1+2x_2\le 6$$,

$$x_2-x_1\le 1$$,

$$x_2\le 2$$,

$$x_1,x_2\ge 0$$.

Any values of $$x_1$$ and $$x_2$$ that satisfy all the five constraints constitute a feasible solution. Otherwise the solution is infeasible. For example, the solution $$x_1=3$$ and $$x_2=1$$ is feasible because on substitution in the constraints none of the inequalities are violated. On the other hand the solution, the solution $$x_1=4$$ and $$x_2=1$$ is infeasible because it does not satisfy constraint (1), namely 6*4+4*1=28 which is larger then the right hand side (=24).

Our goal is to find the optimum solution, i.e. one which maximizes the objective function besides being feasible. The procedure to do that will be discussed in the succeeding sections.

Properties of the LP model
LP models have the following properties:

 * Proportionality: the contribution of each decision variable is directly proportional to its value in both the objective function and in the constraints. For example, the contribution of the first decision variable in the first constraint is $$6x_1$$. This is directly proportional to $$x_1$$ with 6 as the constant of proportionality. Roughly speaking, the rule of three is followed.

 * Additivity: the contribution of all the variables in the objective function and the constraints to be the sum of the individual contributions of each variable. For example, the total profit is $$5x_1+4x_2$$ which is the sum of the individual profits $$5x_1$$ and $$4x_2$$.

 * Certainty: all the objective and constraint coefficients are deterministic, that is all the data about profit, availability and requirements is constant.

Manual_del_estudiante_de_Ingeniería_en_Sistemas_de_UTN/Investigación_Operativa/Programación_Lineal Pesquisa operacional/Índice/Introdução à Programação Linear

title: Operations Research/Linear Programming


text: User talk:74.93.228.141

title: User talk:74.93.228.141


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Florean Fortescue

Overview
Florean Fortescue owns an ice-cream parlour in Diagon Alley.

Prisoner of Azkaban
Harry, due to having inflated his Aunt Marge under provocation, ends up staying in the Leaky Cauldron for the last fortnight of his school vacation. He spends his days in Diagon Alley, where he is able to work on his summer homework in the comfort of Florean Fortescue's ice-cream parlour, receiving assistance with his essay, and free sundaes every half hour, from Florean himself.

He is briefly mentioned later on during Harry's History of Magic exam, in which Harry employs the knowledge Florean bestowed upon him.

Half-Blood Prince
It is mentioned in passing that Florean's place is abandoned and Florean himself is missing, though it looks as if he put up a fight. We never see him again.

Strengths
Fortescue has a vast knowledge about Medieval Wizardry. Due to the similarity in name, he could possibly be related to Dexter Fortescue, a former Hogwarts Headmaster. If this is true, it could indicate a strong academic trait that may run within the family.

He can, of course, make ice-cream sundaes, as that is his trade. Harry is very fond of them.

Weaknesses
Although apparently highly intelligent and well educated, for unknown reasons, he worked as a common merchant, running an ice-cream shop in Diagon Alley, though he appears to have an aptitude for teaching, as seen when he tutored Harry.

Relationships with Other Characters
Harry and Florean have an apparently unequal relationship, as Harry spends every afternoon of the fortnight before school opens in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban receiving free sundaes and academic help; however, Florean likely benefits from having "the boy who lived" seen at his establishment. He may, of course, have simply taken a liking to Harry, and being given a chance to show off his historical knowledge.

Harry himself thinks fondly of Florean during his exams in the school year, drawing on the information that Florean told him to help him pass his History of Magic exam. He also thinks wistfully of Florean's ice-cream during the exam, as it is taking place on a hot day.

Florean may be a descendant of Dexter Fortescue, a former Hogwarts Headmaster, though it is never mentioned when he served in that post. Dexter Fortescue's talking portrait hanging in Dumbledore's office is seen speaking out on several occasions.

Analysis
In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Fortescue helped Harry with his homework essay on medieval witch-burnings. His expertise in Medieval Wizardry is a possible reason he was targeted by Death Eaters in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince.

Voldemort had apparently looked to ancient magic to aid his resurrection and to understand why baby Harry was able to survive his Killing curse. Although Voldemort was fully restored to life and power by that point, and apparently believed that he understood what granted Harry the apparent immunity he retained, he may once again be looking to utilize ancient magic for some evil purpose.

It is never known, however, exactly why Death Eaters attacked Fortescue. His ultimate fate is never revealed - although his shop is abandoned, he may have been able to escape.

Questions

 * 1) What might Florean have gotten out of having Harry in his parlour every day?
 * 2) How does Florean know so much about medieval witch-burnings? Does he just have a curious interest in the topic?
 * 3) Why was his shop abandoned?
 * 4) What might have happened to Florean during the events of Voldemort's rise to power?

Greater Picture
Florean's being named in the books gives him more of a presence than many other Diagon Alley shopkeepers. While some, such as Madam Malkin and Ollivander, are named, many are not. Florean Fortescue has been given both a forename and surname, plus a trade in ice-cream, and the characteristic of being interested in history.

This is, of course, very similar to real life. Nobody is two-dimensional enough to only be defined by their job. Florean's special interest just happens to be useful to Harry.

It might be worth noting that Florean runs a Muggle-style business in a predominantly Wizarding area. It is natural that members of the magical community would have a want for establishments Muggles use, and may feel safer having them in Diagon Alley. An ice-cream shop is one such thing.


text: User talk:99.238.128.41

title: User talk:99.238.128.41


text: User talk:128.178.84.88

title: User talk:128.178.84.88


text: User talk:70.16.255.221

title: User talk:70.16.255.221


text: User talk:71.113.10.139

title: User talk:71.113.10.139


text:
Naming

 * For naming articles on Wikibooks, see Naming policy

This book gives guidance on choosing names, particularly personal names.

People

 * 1) /How to name a child/
 * 2) /How to choose a married name/
 * 3) /How to choose a foreign name/
 * 4) /How to choose a professional name/

Others

 * 1) /How to name an animal/
 * 2) /How to name an organization/
 * 3) /How to name a house/
 * 4) /How to name a ship/
 * 5) /How to name a written work/
 * 6) /How to name objects/

Neologisms

 * 1) /How to create neologisms/
 * 2) /How to name a concept/
 * 3) /How to name a product/
 * 4) Nomenclatural Citations

title: Naming


text:
Naming/How to choose a foreign name

Different languages and societies use different names. When in a different society, one can either use one’s existing name, suitably adapted, or adopt a new name native to the society.

Which to use?
If one is visiting briefly, or the foreign society has similar names, or one’s existing name is at least pronounceable in the foreign language, there is no need to adapt a new name, but for extended stays or for societies with very different names or phonology, adopting a new name is often useful.

For instance, Japanese and Russian names are pronounceable with reasonable accuracy in English, and American society has many immigrants, so Japanese and Russian visitors and immigrants to the US have little need to adapt a new name, though some choose to.

By contrast, most English names are unpronounceable in (Mandarin) Chinese, and conversely Chinese names are unpronounceable in English (the lack of tones in English significantly distorting them), so many Chinese in the US and English-speakers in China adopt local names.

The use of multiple personal names is widespread in a number of societies; see for instance Names of Sun Yat-sen.

Daveandivan
"Close enough" (different European countries)

Societies with high immigration, such as the US (but names often changed at Ellis Island)

Brad Pitt to Buraddo Pitto (ブラッド ピット)

cognate (Grigory to Gregory/Greg)

New name
In choosing a new name, one can try to be close in meaning or in sound to one’s existing name, or can select an entirely new name.

Close to original
As an example of retaining meaning, one might adapt English (general European, from Greek) Nicholas, meaning "victory of the people", to Japanese Katsu, meaning "victory".

As an example of a similar sound, one might adapt English (general European, from Greek) Margaret or "Maggie", to Japanese "Megumi".

Beware that trying to hew too closely to the meaning or sound of one’s existing name can yield a name that sounds artificial. For instance, Chinese given names are ordinary words, while very few English given names have recognizable meanings (the original meanings lost with time), so a Chinese person seeking an English name that is also an ordinary word will be choosing from a small and unusual subset of names (largely virtue names such as “Grace”, or flower names such as “Lily”). Similarly, using names that incorporate unusual sounds (that are close to the original language) will yield unusual-sounding names. For instance, initial "Yu" or "Eu" sounds are common in Korean and Japanese names, but quite rare in English ("Eugene" and "Eunice" being the only relatively common examples).

Entirely new
In choosing an entirely new name, one has much the same considerations as with naming a child, with certain differences such as:
 * Identity: as one is naming oneself, one has an idea of one’s own identity, which a baby receiving a name from a parent does not.
 * Lack of familiarity: one generally adopts a name when first moving to or joining a society, when one is yet unfamiliar with local names.

Thus one would suggest similar considerations to naming a child, with particular attention to:
 * Frequency of name: without an intuition of frequency, one may unwittingly choose a very standard name such as YAMADA Hanako (equivalent of Jane Smith), or a very unusual one, without this being one’s intention.
 * Soliciting opinions from native speakers: who will have greater intuition about what sounds pleasing.

title: Naming/How to choose a foreign name


text:
User:Nbarth

Wikipedia User Page

Welcome
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 20:58, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User:Nbarth


text:
User talk:DWarrior

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 00:21, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:DWarrior


text:
User talk:Ascen

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 00:24, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ascen


text:
User talk:Antibogon

Welcome message
Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * Make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window (if javascript is enabled on your browser) that will insert it too (looks like part of a signature). This will let others know who left it, and make it easy to reply back to you.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * Wikibooks is a collection of open-source textbooks. (What is Wikibooks).
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Reading Room with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Help us by participating in policy and guideline creation.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Reading Room, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add that page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! --Panic (talk) 00:25, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Thank you
Thank you for your work on minimizing hard disk drive failure and data loss. I think this is the best article I've seen on the topic, other than the Google white paper. --DavidCary (talk) 03:27, 2 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I'm not a big WB contributor in general, but I do try to maintain that article. --Antibogon (talk) 07:49, 3 November 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Antibogon


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Bible study

You can get materials for Bible studies from any of the following:
 * Amazing Facts
 * It Is Written
 * Voice of Prophecy
 * Discover Online


text:
Talk:Naming/How to choose a foreign name

Image
The image is carefully chosen as a visual representation of adapting ones name to a foreign language and culture; trust y'all find it apt!

Nbarth (talk) 01:29, 22 January 2008 (UTC)


text:
User talk:EVolvo

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 03:01, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:EVolvo


text:
Iranian History/The Middle Sassanian Period 379 - 488 AD

The death of Shapur II in 379 marked the end of an era. He was followed by his successors whose reigns were extremely short when compared to his. Of these "Middle Sassanids", Bahram V or Bahramgur has to be the most famous one.

Ardeshir II 379 - 383
Shapur II died in around 379 and was succeeded b y his son who ascended the throne as Ardeshir II. He was accorded the title of Nihoukar or Benificient.

The Armenian Unrest
Immediately after his accession the events in Armenia occupied Ardeshir's attention. Arsaces' son Para had been murdered during the reign of Shapur II and the Romans tried to replace him with a certain Varaztad a distant member of the Arsacid family. However, the real power was in the hands of an Armenian nobleman named Moushegh. No sooner had this arrangement been made that Varaztad grew suspicious of Moushegh and executed him at a banquet. This roused the indignation of Moushegh's brother Manuel who rebelled against Varaztad and with the support of Persia deposed him and placed on the Armenian throne, Zermandeuht the widow of the late king Para. In return for his support Persia recognized Manuel as Sparapet or Commander-in-chief soon got too heavy. Armenia did not know what to do. A nobleman named Meroujan spread the rumor that the commandant of the Persian garrison desired to capture Manuel. As a result, Manuel killed ten thousand Persian soldiers stationed in Armenia. But Manuel too died soon afterwards and confusion followed.

Shapur III 383 - 388
Ardeshir II died in 383 and was succeeded by his brother Shapur III. During his reign peace was concluded between Rome and Persia -- the warring factions in Armenia. According to the terms of the peace, it was decided that there was to b e no war between Rome and Persia for the next thirty-six years. Shapur III died in 388. His death is believed to have been caused by a fatal blow from the fall of a tent-pole.

Bahram IV (Kirmanshah) 388–399
When Shapur III died in 388 he was succeeded by Bahram IV. Some sources regard him as the son while others regard him as the brother of Shapur III. He had served as the Governor of Carmania or Kirman during the reign of Shapur III and hence was given the title Kirmanshah.

Armenia was a province which had hitherto remained divided between the Roman stooge Arsaces and the Persian sympathizer Khusro. This arrangement lasted six years. But in 390, Khusro switched sides and went over to the Romans, Bahram, alarmed at this development, invaded Armenia and captured Khusro. Rome distanced herself due to the fear of provoking a war with Persia. Khusro was confined to the "Castle of Oblivion" and Varahran-Shapur made king in his place.

The character of Bahram is represented variously by various historians. But most seem to agree that he was a cruel tyrant who neglected his duties. This neglection of duties irritated his own troops to such an extent that they mutinied and killed him.

Yazdegerd I 399 - 419
He is perceived to be a man of contrasts. Basically his reign was the most peaceful Persia had ever had. This earned him the epithet "Ramasthras" or "the most quiet".

In the early part of his reign, he was entrusted by the Roman Emperor Arcadius with the custody of his son Theodosius. Yazdegerd accepted his new role and performed it with grace and kindness.

Yazdegerd is also remembered for his religious fanaticism. He was a devout Zoroastrian and a sworn enemy of Christianity.

In 413, Varahran-Shapur the king of Armenia passed away and was succeeded by a boy of ten. Khusro, who was a prisoner at the "Castle of Oblivion" was reinstated but barely survived a year on the death. Following the former's death, Yazdegerd placed his own son Shapur on the Armenian throne and he reigned from 414 to 418. In 418, Yazdegerd fell sick and Shapur returned to Persia to put forth his claims to the Persian throne. Yazdegerd did not survive long and died in 419.

Bahram V (Bahramgur) 419 - 440
As soon as Yazdegerd died, disputes arose regarding succession to the Persian throne. Shapur, the king of Armenia, had traveled all the way to the Persian capital to put forth his claims but in the interim that followed Shapur was killed which made Bahramgur the only contender for the throne. Bahramgur ascended the throne as Bahram V in 420.

During the reign of Bahram V, there were constant wars between Rome and Persia.

In 420, Bahram seems to have asked Rome to hand over the Christian fugitives who had fled Persia fearing persecution. But Rome refused resulting in a declaration of war by Persia. To begin with, Rome sent their general Ardaburius with an impressive contingent into Armenia. Ardaburius defeated the Persian commander Narseh and proceeded to plun der the province of Arzanne but on receiving the news that Bahram was meditating upon an invasion of Mesapotamia he quit Arzanne and threw himself upon the fortress of Nisibis. But Ardaburius didnt have enough men to take Nisibis. So, he waited before commencing his siege.

The siege of Nisibis alarmed Bahram. He took the field in person and aided by an Arab contingent led by Al Amundarus (Moundsir) Bahram advanced upon the town with a strong body of elephants and forced Ardaburius to retreat.

In 421, Bahramgur invaded the city of Theodosiopolis. He besieged the city for over thirty days but stiff resistance offered by the Armenians forced him to retreat. Finally, by late 421, Bahramgur was forced to conclude peace with the Romans.

The peace with Rome facilitated Bahram to turn his attention to Armenia. Armenia had been without a king since Shapur had left the country in 418. Bahramgur desired that a descendant of the hereditary line of Armenian kings should be placed on the throne. With this intention in mind, he selected an Arsacid named Artases, a son of Varahran-Shapur and made him king giving him the royal title Artaxerxes.

But the newly appointed monarch did not have a favorable personal character. The frustrated nobles petitioned Bahramgur to take over the administration of Armenia. Bahramgur obliged and Armenia was made a satrap of the Persian Empire.

During the last years of Bahram's reign, the Huns or Hephthalites known to the Persians as the Haithal or Haiathleh invaded North-eastern Persia. They crossed the Elburz into Khorasan and proceeded as far as Rhagai. Bahramgr hesitated and initially offered peace, but later he changed his mind and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Huns killing them in large numbers. The Huns were pursued beyond the river Oxus back into their own territory and massacred in large numbers.

Bahramgur in Popular Folklore
Bahram V or Bahramgur was the most favorite Persian ruler for later Persian writers and romanticists. A number of legends have grown up around him. According to one legend, he obtained Makran and Sindh from the Emperor of India for the aid he had provided against China. It also says that Persia had no musicians during his time and hence, musicians were sent for from India who became the ancestors of the modern-day Lurs.

His name has also become immensely popular in lands within the Persian sphere of influence. A fair number of Punjabi legends have Bahramgur as the central character. Byramgore island in the Arabian Sea which forms a part of the Indian Union is actually named after him.

Yazdegerd II 440 - 457
Bahram V was succeeded by his son Yazdegerd II in 440 whose first act on assuming power was to declare war on Rome. Leading a strong army of Persian Arabs and Huns, Yazdegerd penetrated deeply into Roman territory but the expedition was cut short by hailstorms. He retreated into Persian territory and this gave the Roman Emperor Theodosius enough time to construct a fortified position at Theodosiopolis.

Shortly afterwards, Yazdegerd directed his attention at the Huns who were making repeated incursions into Persian territory. He seemed to have personally directed the operations at the battlefront from 443 to 451, crossing the Huns in the last mentioned year and defeating the Huns in their own territory.

Suppression of Armenia
Yazdegerd is mentioned as a zealous Zoroastrian and his fanaticism manifested itself in the forceful conversion of Armenia to Zoroastrianism. Initially, he sent his vizier Mihr-Narses to convert the Armenians through coercion but when this failed utterly he reacted by carrying away Christian chiefs and posting them on the eastern border to fight the Huns. In 450, the patriarch Joseph held a congregation in which he declared that Armenians were Christians and will continue to be Christians no matter what may befall them. Yazdegerd reacted by summoning the three kings of Iberia, Armenia and Albania and forced them to accept Zoroastrianism. Vartan, the Sparapet or Commander-in-chief of Armenia converted back to Christianity and with the full support of the patriarch Joseph attacked the Persians with an army in excess of 100,000 men. The revolutionaries even made an attempt to convince the Roman Emperor Marcian to espouse their cause which was unsuccessful. However, the Armenians were divided among themselves and in the battle that was fought they were completely defeated and their leader Vartan killed. The Persian troops carried off the patriarch Joseph and other bishops to Persia where they were executed.

The Invasion of the Huns
Soon after the Armenian War came to an end, there was unrest in the East with the Huns once more indulging in aggression and making incursions across the eastern frontier. The Huns attacked Khorasan once more and the Sassanian Emperor had to rush hastily to the defense of the Persian frontier. The Persian monarch was so successful in his operations that he was able to check their advance and drive them back across the frontier but when he ventured to attack them in their own territory he faced defeat and was forced to retreat to the Persian capital.

Yazdegerd died sometime after the ignominious retreat and was succeeded by his son Ormazd.

Ormazd 457- 459
On the death of Yazdegerd, the younger son of Yazdegerd seized the throne as the heir-apparent Piruz was stationed in distant Sistan. Piruz was forced to flee the country and seek the protection of the Huns as Ormazd tried to consolidate his hold on the nation. The king of the Huns Khushnawaz received him favorably and gave him protection. With the help of one Ram, or Raham, a powerful Persian nobleman, Piruz defeated Ormazd and imprisoned him and ascended the throne.

Piruz 459 - 483
During the period of civil war in Persia, Vatche, the king of Aghouank, taking advantage of the situation, had proclaimed himself independent. As soon as Piruz ascended the throne, he invaded Aghouank (Albania) and quelled the rebellion.

The Seven Year Famine
Historians attribute a seven year period of drought to the reign of Piruz. Sources say that the drought was so severe that there was not a single drop of water in the Tigris or the Euphrates and that wells had dried up. Eventually, the crops failed and hundreds of thousands of human beings perished along with their livestock. Sources also tell us that Piruz should extreme rigidness and wisdom in dealing with the catastrophe. Gradually, the nation began to recover.

Campaign against the Huns
Piruz had humiliated an envoy from Khushnawaz, the Khan of the Huns and this provoked the Huns to invade Persia.

Piruz collected a large army and retaliated by invading the country of the Huns and forcing them to retreat. But the Persian army got entangled in the mountain fastnesses of the northern country and was completely surrounded by the enemy on all sides. The Huns imposed humiliating terms on the Persians and demanded that Piruz their king prostrate before the Khan of the Huns Khushnawaz. The Persians were also compelled to pay tribute to the Huns.

Rebellion in Armenia
In 481, Firuz was defeated by the Kushans which encouraged Iberia to revolt. The Persian Governor of Armenia was tranferred to Iberia to quell the rebellion but when he left Armenia rose and declared its independence under Sahag. Sahag was made king and Vahan the Commander-in-chief. The Persian Governor Adar-Vishnasp after defeating the Iberian rebels rushed to Armenia but was defeated. In 482, the Persians sent two armies one under Adar-Narseh into Armenia and the other under Mihran into Iberia. Vahan net Adar-Narseh and defeated him. But Vakthang, the King of Iberia perceiving his vulnerability switched sides over to the Persians against the Armenians. Sahag the king of Armenian was slain and Vahan fled the country.

But while Mihran was on the brink of victory he was recalled by Firuz. The rebellion was never quelled completely.

The Second Campaign Against the Huns and Firuz's Death
A few years later, Firuz launched a second campaign against the Huns in order to avenge his humiliation. He placed his brother Balas upon the throne as regent and embarked for the northern frontier at the head of 50-100,000 men and 500 war elephants.

He established a position at Balkh and waited for the Huns to make their first move. Khushnawaz responded by sending a small advance guard to provoke the Persian army to attack. His plan was to draw the Persians into the high mountaineous cliffs of Hun territory where a larger Hephthalite army would be waiting for an ambush. The plan proved to be successful and the Persians were trapped in the mountains of Turkestan and cut down to pieces by an army of Huns hiding behind the tall cliffs waiting for them. The Sassanian Emperor Firuz was amongst the casualties. Khushnawaz dispatched the body of the slain prince with due respectability into Persian territory where it was buried with all honors.

Balash
Firuz was succeeded by his brother Balash who ruled from 483 to 488. His actual name seems to have been Valkhash which had been Arabized to Palash. Immediately on ascending the throne, He sent an officer named Sufrai against the Huns to the north. Sufrai inflicted a crushing defeat on the Huns and forced them to come to terms.

After his war against the Huns, he signed a peace treaty with Armenia. As per the provision of this treaty

 * 1) All existing fire-altars in Armenia should be destroyed and no new ones should be constructed.
 * 2) Christians in Armenia should have freedom of worship and conversions to Zoroastrianism should be stopped.
 * 3) Land should not be allotted to people who convert to Zoroastrianism
 * 4) The Persian King should, in person, administer Armenia and though the aid of Governors or deputies.

Mithraism
Mithraism or the worship of Mithra is a cult which emerged as an offshoot of Magism. Mithra (The Middle Iranian Mehr or Mihr) was an old Aryan deity of the proto-Iranian period whose worship diminished during the first millennium B.C. due to the rise of orthodox Zoroastrianism and experienced a revival during the Parthian period. In the early years of the Christian era, the faith reached Greece and Rome through the Cilician pirates who had been captured by Pompey and transported to Rome.

It was not until the end of the first century that Mithraism reached Rome partly through Roman auxilaries fighting Persian troops in the East and partly through European travelers to the East. However, the origin and growth of Mithraism is mainly attributed to the recruitment of inhabitants of Cappadocia and Commagene to serve in the Roman army. These recruits worshiped Mithra thereby encouraging their Roman compatriots to do the same. These Roman soldiers introduced the worship of Mithra in a large scale throughout Europe. The faith had reached Rome in a few years where Mithra was worshiped as the Sol Invictus of the Invincible Sun. Its worship was promoted by the Roman Emperors who projected the idea that the Emperor of Rome was the personification of Sol Invictus or the Royal Sun around whom the subjects revolved. The worshipers of Mithra established Mithraeums and the faith was the dominant faith in the Roman Empire till the rise of Christianity. Germany had the largest number of these so-called Mithraeums. However, the rise of Christianity put an end to the Persian faith once and for all. Meanwhile, in the country of its birth, the worship of Mithra was rapidly superseded by the worship of Ahura Mazda.

Christianity, when it became the dominant faith in the Roman Empire in the 3rd and 4th centuries AD adopted Mithraic symbols and representations. The most common portrayal of the young Mithra with a halo over his head was adopted to represent the baby Jesus Christ. December 25, the feast day of Mithra, was introduced into Christianity as Christmas.

Zurvanism
Zurvan was a post-Avestan Iranian God who was regarded as the father of both Ahura Mazda and Angra Mainyus. He is the personification of Infinite Time and Space; the Iranian conterpart of the Greek Chronos who fathered Zeus and was the ancestor of all Greek Gods. His worship might have been introduced during Alexander's Invasion of Persia or after as the concept of Zurvan itself seems to be of Greek origin. However, the worship of Zurvan became a dominant factor only in the early years of the Sassanid era. The Sassanian kings, themselves, are believed to be Zurvanites than Zoroastrians. Nevetheless, Kertir's edict at Behistun includes Zurvanites in its list of heretics. Zurvanism reached the pinnacle of glory during the post-Sassanid period when it spread to Balk and Sogdia. Nevertheless, Zurvanism declined during the 10th century AD and died away in a short while.


text:
User:EVolvo

=Hello World=

 * I'm currently working on Automobile_Repair/Volvo
 * I also plan on contributing and maintaining Vehicle_Identification_Numbers_%28VIN_codes%29/Volvo/VIN_Codes

Thanks for stopping by.

title: User:EVolvo


text:
XForms/Slideshow

Motivation
You want to have a region of your page that changes images when the user selects a button.

Method
Store a list of links to the slide images in an instance. Use another instance variable to store the state of the images is currently selected. Use a trigger to update the image number.

Link to XForms Application
Load XForms Application

Discussion
This program has the Next trigger calls the "cycle-next" named event when it is pressed. This event, which is defined in the model, updates the cycle and resets it back to one after the slides are done. After that it instructs the form to recalculate its dependency graph. This updates the visible image.

Note that the output must have a the mediatype set to be image/* for the browser to render the link as an image correctly.

Attribution
This example was created by Chris Wallace and the University of Western England.

title: XForms/Slideshow


text:
User talk:NaomiAmethyst

wikipedia:en:User talk:Cobi This page is a soft redirect.

- Anonymous Dissident  Talk 09:39, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:NaomiAmethyst


text:
User:NaomiAmethyst

I am wikipedia:en:User:Cobi.

title: User:NaomiAmethyst


text:
Webots Odor Simulation

The Webots Odor Simulation is a physics plugin for Webots. Webots is a commercial 3D robotics simulator, and the odor simulation plugin allows to simulate wind and odor, and to use wind and odor sensors on the robots or in the environment.

Contents
This is a currently ongoing research project. The plugin as well as the documentation are still under development.

 * 1) Download and Installation
 * 2) Model
 * 3) Using the Wind and Odor Sensor on Robots
 * 4) Deploying Odor Sources
 * 5) Changing Model Parameters

title: Webots Odor Simulation


text:
Webots Odor Simulation/Download and Installation

Download
The plugin is currently under development and not available for download. Please contact the author to obtain the latest version of the plugin.

Installation and Quick Start
To use the plugin, you need to have a recent version of Webots 2021b installed on your computer. Note that the EDU version does not support physics plugins, and is therefore not suitable to run the odor simulation plugin.

With Webots installed, you can launch the simulation as follows:
 * 1) Unzip the file webots_odor_simulation.zip that you obtained from the author. This will create a folder Webots.
 * 2) Launch Webots and open the file Webots/worlds/odor_test.wbt.

You should see an arena with a model of the Khepera III robot.


text: User talk:203.76.212.97

title: User talk:203.76.212.97


text: History of Greece/Mycenaean Civilization


text: History of Greece/Greek Dark Ages

title: History of Greece/Greek Dark Ages


text: History of Greece/Ottoman Greece

title: History of Greece/Ottoman Greece


text:
History of Greece/Modern Greece

The history of Modern Greece starts in 1974 with the beginning of the Metapolitefsi period following the collapse of the military regime, up until the current day.

The Restoration of Democracy
The Military Junta due to multiple, crucial to the regime events, such as the Polytechnic Uprising, internal coups between the colonels and the failed coup in Cyprus which lead to the Turkish invasion of the island was in a very tough position. The public moral was low, with the people emptying the shelves of the supermarkets fearing that the conflict in Cyprus could lead to an all-out war between Greece and Turkey.

On July 23rd of 1974, president Gizikis under the pressure of the Turkish invasion in Cyprus decides to call a meeting between the armed forces and the old guard politicians with the goal of appointing a national unity government that would prevent the escalation of the conflict with Turkey and to call democratic ellections. The meeting was concluded with the decision of appointing Konstantinos Karamanlis as the prime minister, who had also served in that position from 1955 to 1963. Gizikis phoned Karamanlis shortly after, informing him of their offer. Karamanlis, having escaped to France during the 7 year dictatorship and having a stance against the Junta was at first hesitant to accept his return, but was assured by the military leaders that the armed forces would not intervene in the politics of Greece anymore.

The news of Karamanlis' return was the cause of celebration all over Greece, with thousands coming to greet him at the airport, arriving from Paris. He was sworn in on July 24 1974, but had to sleep in a yacht guarded by a naval destroyer for 7 weeks due to the political instability at the time.

title: History of Greece/Modern Greece


text:
Operations Research/Graphical LP solution

We will now attempt to find an optimal solution to the linear programming model we introduced in the previous section. The method we will employ is known as the graphical method and can be applied to any problem with two decision variables. It basically consists of two steps: Finding the feasible region or the feasible space (which is the region in the plane where all the feasible solutions to the problems lie) and then identifying the optimal solution among all the feasible ones.

To begin the procedure we first graph the lines

$$6x_1+4x_2= 24$$, $$x_1+2x_2= 6$$,

$$x_2-x_1= 1$$,

$$x_2= 2$$,

in the first quadrant. Note that for our purpose $$x_1=x$$ and $$x_2=y$$ on the graph.

We now will shade the feasible region. To do that consider the constraints one by one. The first one is $$6x_1+4x_2\le 24$$. To determine the region it represents, choose any point which does not pass through the line $$6x_1+4x_2= 24$$ say (0,0). Substitute it in the constraint $$6x_1+4x_2\le 24$$ to get $$0\le 24$$. Since this is true we conclude that (0,0) lies in the region represented by $$6x_1+4x_2\le 24$$. We conclude that all the points on the side of $$6x_1+4x_2= 24$$ containing (0,0) actually represent $$6x_1+4x_2\le 24$$. This is suggested by the fact that the line $$6x_1+4x_2 = 24$$ divides the plane in 2 distinct halfs: One of points satisfying the inequality and one of those which don't.

In this way all the inequalities can be shaded. The region which is shaded under all inequalities is the feasible region of the whole problem. Clearly in this region all the constraints of the problem hold. (The non negativity restrictions hold since we are working in the first quadrant.)

We are now ready to find out the optimal solutions. To do this graph the line $$5x_1+4x_2=10$$. Since $$z=5x_1+4x_2$$ represents the objective function so $$5x_1+4x_2=10$$ represents the points where the objective function has value 10 (i.e. the total profit is 10). Now plot the line $$5x_1+4x_2=15$$ which represents the points where the objective function has value 15. This gives us an idea of the direction of increase in z. The optimal solution occurs at the point X which is the point beyond which any further increase will put z outside the boundaries of the feasible region. The coordiantes of X can be found by solving $$6x_1+4x_2= 24$$ and $$x_1+2x_2= 6$$ so that $$x_1=3$$ and $$x_2=1.5$$. This is the optimal solution to the problem and indicates that the amounts of salts X and Y should be 3 and 1.5 respectively. This will give the maximum profit of 21 which is the optimal value.

A point to note is that the optimal solution in a LP model always occurs at a corner point of a feasible region. This is true even if the line z=c comes out to be parallel to one of the constraints. Although a mathematical proof of this fact would involve considerable linear algebra we will satisfy ourselves of it by noting that that any objective function in the feasible region would have glided out of the region just after touching one of the corner points.

A minimization example
Let us look at a minimization problem. It can occur in actual practice when instead of the profits associated with the salts X and Y we are given the costs of their production. All we have to do is now move the line z=c in the direction of its decrease and we have the optimal solution at the point ((0,0) in our example) where any further decrease will take z outside the feasible region. Another way to solve the problem is to convert the min problem into a max one. To do that simple consider the negative of the objective function.


text:
History of Greece/Print version

= Introduction =

= Chapter 01 - Minoan Civilization =

= Chapter 02 - Mycenaean Civilization =

= Chapter 03 - Greek Dark Ages =

= Chapter 04 - Classical Greece =

= Chapter 05 - Hellenistic Greece =

= Chapter 06 - Roman Greece =

= Chapter 07 - Byzantine Empire =

= Chapter 08 - Ottoman Greece =

= Chapter 09 - Independent Greece =

= Chapter 10 - Modern Greece =

= Contributors =

= Bibliography =

title: History of Greece/Print version


text:
History of Greece/Bibliography

The following is a list of all sources used in the creation of this Wikibook:
 * 1) Minoan Civilization from Encarta
 * 2) Mycenae from Encarta
 * 3) Dorians from Encarta
 * 4) Ancient Greece from Encarta

title: History of Greece/Bibliography


text:
History of Greece/Contributors

The following is a list of all contributors, past and present, to this Wikibook.

 * Νεοπτόλεμος ( talk | email | contribs )

title: History of Greece/Contributors


text:
User:Borisbaran

Name: Boris Baran / Baruch ben Alexander / Борис Александрович Баран Birth: 21.01.1987 / 20.Tevet.5747 / 21 Jumada Al-'Awwal 1407

Sorry for my piss-poor english.

title: User:Borisbaran


text: User talk:219.77.215.241

title: User talk:219.77.215.241


text:
User:JeremyMcCracken/Sandbox

This is the sandbox.

title: User:JeremyMcCracken/Sandbox


text:
User talk:JeremyMcCracken/Sandbox

This is my sandbox that I use for personal testing (so that I don't clog up the main one). JeremyMcCracken (talk) 14:54, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:JeremyMcCracken/Sandbox


text: Category:Book:Parapsychology

title: Category:Book:Parapsychology


text:
Webots Odor Simulation/Model

The odor simulation plugin is based the filament-based atmospheric dispersion model proposed by Farrell et al. in 2002. That is, odor is simulated as filaments in the air, which represent odor packets of a certain size and concentration. The odor simulation plugin therefore consists of five main components: a wind model, an odor filament propagation model, an odor source model, as well as a wind sensor and an odor sensor model.

Wind
Wind can be simulated in different ways:
 * Constant wind field: In the simplest case the wind field is constant. This corresponds to a homogeneous laminar wind flow. Even though this model is not very realistic, it is very handy due to its simplicity and straightforward configuration.
 * OpenFOAM wind field (to be tested): More realistic wind fields can be generated with OpenFOAM and then loaded by the odor simulation plugin. This allows to simulate turbulent flows with obstacles. The odor simulation plugin supports loaded a static wind field or a dynamic wind field. Using dynamics wind fields could be slow due to the enormous amount of data that has to be loaded from the disk.
 * Wind model presented in Farrell's paper (to be implemented)

Note that none of the wind fields takes obstacles (i.e. the robots) that you place within webots into account.

Odor Filament Propagation
Odor filaments motion is based on two mechanisms:
 * Filaments are transported by the wind (large-scale advection).
 * To model small-scale movements of the wind, a stochastic process is superimposed. (Details can be found in Farrell's paper.)

Each filament represents a gaussian-shaped cloud of molecules. When filaments age, this could gets wider, but the concentration drops (to keep the number of molecules in a filament constant). The odor concentration at one point is the sum of the concentrations contributed by all filaments.

Odor Sources
The odor simulation plugin supports multiple odor sources to be placed in the environment. Each source can release a different type of chemicals. A source is modeled as a circular area in which filaments appear.

Odor Sensors
Odor sensors are modeled as sensors which return a noisy concentration measurement at one precise point. The noise is gaussian around the actual concentration. In addition, odor sensors can be configured to return a running average of the actual concentration.

Wind Sensors
Wind sensors return a 3d vector of the wind measured at one specific point. The vector is a combination of the wind vector interpolated from the wind field, and gaussian noise. The wind sensor can be configured to return a running average of that value.

title: Webots Odor Simulation/Model


text:
Webots Odor Simulation/Using the Wind and Odor Sensor on Robots

Using the sensors on a robot (or elsewhere in the environment) requires adding a sensor object onto the robot, and then reading the value of this sensor object in the robot controller. An example of this can be found in the files worlds/odor_test.wbt (world file) and controllers/odor_test/odor_test.cpp (robot controller).

Adding an Odor and a Wind Sensor on the Robot
A general sensor in Webots can simply be created by adding a receiver object with a special DEF name onto the robot. The magic DEF names for our sensors are SENSOR_ODOR_# and SENSOR_WIND_#, where the # has to be replaced by a unique number between 1-16. (For more sensors, the corresponding definition in the odor_physics plugin can be modified.)

E.g. your Khepera III robot number 1 could have the following odor and wind sensors configured in the world file (see worlds/odor_test.wbt for an example):

DEF KHEPERA_III DifferentialWheels { ... children [ DEF SENSOR_ODOR_1 Receiver { translation 0 0.07 -0.05 children [ Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 0 1 0 }         }          geometry DEF CYLINDER_ODOR Cylinder { height 0.02 radius 0.01 }       }      ]      name "sensor_odor" boundingObject USE CYLINDER_ODOR channel 1 }   DEF SENSOR_WIND_1 Receiver { translation 0 0.07 0 children [ Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 0.3 1 1 }         }          geometry DEF CYLINDER_WIND Cylinder { height 0.02 radius 0.02 }       }      ]      name "sensor_wind" boundingObject USE CYLINDER_WIND channel 101 }   ...  ]  ... }

Note the name property which is here set to "sensor_odor" and "sensor_wind" respectively. This name is used by the robot controller to find the sensor.

You may have noticed that the above code does not contain any sensor configuration values (e.g. noise level, type of odor, ...). The properties of the sensors (as well as all other properties of the simulation model) are configured directly in the odor simulation plugin.

Reading the Sensors
In your robot controller, you can read the odor and the wind sensors as follows (see controllers/odor_test/odor_test.cpp for an example):


text:
Webots Odor Simulation/Deploying Odor Sources

Similar to the odor and wind sensors, an odor source is simply a normal Webots object with a special DEF name. The magic DEF name here is SOURCE_ODOR_#, where # must be a unique number (1-16), and the object to create is a solid.

Your first source could look like this in your world file (see worlds/odor_test.wbt for an example):

DEF SOURCE_ODOR_1 Solid { translation 1 0.05 0 children [ Shape { appearance Appearance { material Material { diffuseColor 1 1 1 }       texture ImageTexture { url [ "textures/strips.png" ]       }      }      geometry DEF CYLINDER_SOURCE_ODOR Cylinder { height 0.1 radius 0.1 }   }  ]  name "source_odor" boundingObject USE CYLINDER_SOURCE_ODOR }

Just as for the sensors, the world field does not contain any configuration of the odor source. This is done in the odor simulation plugin. Hence, changing the shape or the size of the solid does not change the area in which the odor filaments are released.


text:
Webots Odor Simulation/Changing Model Parameters

The odor simulation is implemented as a physics plugin for Webots, and therefore lies inside plugins/physics/odor_physics. This folder contains a multitude of files which implement a piece of the model each. The file which holds the whole simulation together is odor_physics.cpp, more precisely inside the function "webots_physics_init". All model parameters can be easily be configured there.

The parameter names should be mostly self-explanatory. In addition, there is short documentation in the file implementing that corresponding part of the model. (At some point in the future, a better documentation of these components will appear in this book.)

After changing the model configuration, the plugin needs to be recompiled by typing make in the folder of the plugin, and the Webots world needs to be reloaded.


text: User talk:63.138.40.98

title: User talk:63.138.40.98


text:
Using Your Dealer Management System/Automate

Automate uses modem dial-in, their preferred client is Anzio.

To pull a report a with Automate,
 * 1) Login with username and password
 * 2) Use 1 for Vehicle Merchandising
 * 3) Use 1 for Company Number
 * 4) Hit Enter (no text) to override password
 * 5) Use 8 to Export Files for Windows Applications
 * 6) Use 1 For Vehicle Inventory
 * 7) Pick whether you want New or Used, and Sold or Available, mash on enter a few times
 * 8) Use 99 to <tt>Exit</tt>
 * 9) Use 2 for <tt>Z-modem transfer file</tt>
 * 10) Transfer → Receive File (Anzio menu options)

Lot 0, will show all of the lots.

Contacting Automate

 * Phone: +1 800.371.3970


text:
SwisTrack/Components/OutputFile

Description
This component allows to write the tracking data to a file. The data are all the data contained in the particles. But only the particles linked to a track will be saved. The ID of the track is linked to the ID of the particle. One file named "track_##.txt" is generated for each track, with ## being the ID of the track. The file is compatible with matlab and can be directly loaded.

Input
The tracks resulting of the tracking

Output
One file for each track, containing the data of the tracked object, in a tab separated format.

Output Directory
Name of the directory where the files have to be saved.

title: SwisTrack/Components/OutputFile


text:
User talk:Ulf Abrahamsson~enwikibooks

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 17:56, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ulf Abrahamsson. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ulf Abrahamsson~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:49, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:37, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ulf Abrahamsson~enwikibooks


text:
Talk:Italian/Grammar/Pronunciation and alphabet

Untitled
Is this material not duplicated here? Νεοπτόλεμος 18:45, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

I think "V" is acutally "Vu" and not "Vi"...

"gli" sounds like "Yes"? I wonder if who wrote the text was able to speak italian, because it is really wrong.

Orthography and pronunciation
Thank you for that ("gli sounds like..."); I'm taking an Italian class, and came here with a pronunciation question. This seems entirely wrong, but pronunciation varies across the country, so perhaps somewhere? Più stasera, dopo la mia lezione :-) ...

Also, there is a claim that the Italian alphabet is identical to the English. Not in my text; J, K, X, Y and W are missing (Merlonghi, Merlonghi, Tursi and O'conner 8th Ed p 7). The same reference agrees that "v" is "vu" (not "vi"). Captain Puget (discuss • contribs) 18:03, 16 October 2018 (UTC)

Re "every letter is always read in the same way": Sort of. The "c" in "ci" is not pronounced as the "c" in "ca". c or g, followed by i or e, is modified (in a way i don't know how to describe: palatal? "ll" is not the same as "l", etc etc.  There is an entire wikipedia article on the topic: Italian_phonology.  (And isn't that odd: W just thanked me for my first edit, which this is not!)


text: User talk:71.156.169.130

title: User talk:71.156.169.130


text:
Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Glossary/Q,R,S

A-B | C-D | E-F | G-H | I-J | K-L | M-N | O-P | Q,R,S | T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z | Print version


text:
User talk:Balbir Thomas

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 20:47, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Balbir Thomas


text:
User talk:Borisbaran

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 20:57, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Borisbaran


text: User talk:Nbarth

title: User talk:Nbarth


text: User talk:82.227.229.4

title: User talk:82.227.229.4


text:
User talk:205.143.139.37

Join Us!
-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:01, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Please request deletion (if required) by adding to the top of a page. Thanks.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:01, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:205.143.139.37


text:
Advanced Interactive Media/Overview and Description 08

Students and faculty from the Oral Roberts University interactive multimedia program, in an educational partnership with Creative Animation, Inc., (CAI ) will create an interactive virtual tour of a non-profit arts organization. This tour (referred to as the Master Project) will be experienced in three ways:
 * 1. A highly interactive web site.
 * 2. A mini-documentary distributed on broadcast television and as a portable DVD (similar to attached DVD).
 * 3. A game-like media presentation for K-12 students.  Students would experience this element inside a portable, 128-foot surround audio/video cylindrical screen. Using Nintendo Wii controllers and actors blue-screened into a live video feed, university students would show younger peers how to interact with on-screen multimedia while they explain their roles during creation of the product.  A museum curator/host could be streamed live, from their own location, onto the video screen. The surround A/V cylindrical screen would comprise of 8x16ft panels with one taken up for the entrance and one used for the chroma-key wall. It would accommodate approximately 40 children.

The third component of the master project listed above provides the primary opportunity for students in the Advanced Interactive Media Class to participate. Virtual tour media will be created in partnership, while CAI will be responsible for the video disc and TV broadcast. The website will be coordinated by ORU staff member Kyle Broderick. ORU faculty, staff and student workers will create the interactive game based on research and development from the past two years (see photo of ORU’s eighty-foot surround video screen created for recruiting during the College Weekend event each semester).

Four purposes for the master project would include:
 * 1. The enhancement of Oklahoma’s image,
 * 2. The continued cultivation of an education/business partnership,
 * 3. The promotion of an arts organization, and
 * 4. Student learning. An option for students, faculty and staff to attend the international SIGGRAPH convention in Los Angeles would provide a capstone learning experience and exposure to cutting edge ideas to be immediately implemented in this project.

This highly interactive, immersive, multimedia, multi-sensory product will be coordinated by multimedia professor Don Eland, from ORU, and CEO David Keesee, from CAI.

ORU personnel will include four full-time faculty, up to six work-award students, a class of twelve students in Introductory and Advanced Animation Classes, and a 2 or 3 student engineering senior project team. Mr. Keesee will lead a team of twenty full time professionals who would devote a portion of their work hours to this project.

Listing of all personnel who will participate in the master project:
 * 1. Oral Roberts University faculty and staff: Don Eland, Kyle Broderick, Jared Buswell, an engineering professor, and others as needed.
 * 2. Oral Roberts University student workers: Judah Hudson, Melissa Blum, Carolann Merchant. Multimedia, art, engineering students to be contracted upon grant funding.
 * 3. Ten students in the Fall 2008 Advanced 3D and Animation class.
 * 4. Fourteen students in the Advanced Interactive Media class.
 * 5. Two engineering students enrolled in senior projects classes.
 * 6. Creative Animation, Inc. CEO: David Keesee and a staff of 20 professionals.

Overview calendar for the master project:

The estimated number of weeks for completion is following by each activity. Weeks 		Activity
 * Start Production
 * 1	               Refine role responsibilities
 * 2	               Order all materials
 * 4	               Finish ORU lab installation
 * 5	               Finish surround video screen
 * 12	               Collect all media
 * 5	               Edit media
 * 1	               Project evaluation one: media analysis
 * 5	               Author media
 * 5	               Project evaluation two: Test and debug
 * 1	               Student focus group for feedback
 * 4	               Publicity campaign
 * 1	               Choose schools for demonstrations
 * 1	               Present to younger students
 * 1	               Project evaluation three: Student responses
 * 2	               Archive media
 * 1	               Project evaluation four: Self assessment and future planning
 * 2	               Time buffer for delays
 * 53	Total weeks required
 * 5	Overlap weeks for simultaneous tasks.
 * 48	Actual weeks required
 * 12	Total months required for completion.

This product will see public exposure through:
 * 1. Television and a web site (primarily the population of the state of Oklahoma): Approximately 3,579,212
 * 2. K-12 students in Oklahoma City: An estimation of 400 per school
 * 3. Students at Oral Roberts University:
 * a. Total population affected by improved facilities: Approximately 5,500
 * b. Students studying majors directly impacted by computer lab improvements: Approximately 400
 * c. Student s directly involved in creative production work: 9 anticipated.

Collaborations will be required between:
 * 1. ORU and Creative Animation, Inc. (CAI).
 * 2. ORU, CAI and an arts organization.
 * 3. ORU, CAI and ORU student workers.
 * 4. ORU students and K-12 students.
 * 5. ORU, CAI, an arts organization and Kirkpatrick Foundation representatives.
 * 6. CAI and OETA for broadcast of minidocumentary.

Virtual environments are costly to develop and demand high-level technical skills but are more convincing than other kinds of publicity. Tours can provide one of the most effective ways to address Oklahoma’s image by allowing customers to visit the State’s outstanding features via the web, video disc, or the portable surround video experience. Systems developed for this project can be duplicated to produce virtual tours of other organizations and/or locations in the future. ORU and CAI will leverage their multimedia experience to produce a multi-faceted promotional product with great promise for the featured organization.

This project will be evaluated at five intervals:
 * 1. Media analysis and planning	                Week 20
 * 2. Testing and debugging 		                Week 27
 * 3. K-12 student focus group		                Week 29
 * 4. Live presentation student responses	        Week 35
 * 5. Self Assessment and Future Planning	 Week 47

Evaluation will take place using the following methods:
 * 1. Instant on-line feedback forms for those using the web component.
 * 2. Team debriefings at four stages of development.
 * 3. A K-12 student focus group for feedback before final editing.
 * 4. Quick survey cards for K-12 students immediately after live presentations.
 * 5. Critiques of each component from outside media professionals and faculty members not familiar with the project.

Evaluations forms and procedures will be designed by Don Eland and David Keesee to include both qualitative and quantitative data. Suggestions for development of evaluation forms will be provided by administrators and staff representing the featured non-profit arts organization, all production team members and representatives from the Kirkpatrick Foundation.


text:
User talk:Levisjeans

I've blocked indefinitely you since your username is promotional. Please choose a different one; you're more than welcome to continue contributing, but not under this username. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:36, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Levisjeans


text: User talk:99.242.225.131

title: User talk:99.242.225.131


text:
Talk:Guitar/Barre Chords

Pix plz
Diagrams and pictures like on the Open Chords page...

--Bluefoxicy (talk) 23:12, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Guitar/Barre Chords


text: User:Adambro

title: User:Adambro


text:
Anatomy and Physiology of Animals/Glossary/T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z

A-B | C-D | E-F | G-H | I-J | K-L | M-N | O-P | Q,R,S | T,U,V,W,X,Y,Z | Print version


text:
Understanding Scientific Terms/Body-2

root

 * -cyte : cell

title: Understanding Scientific Terms/Body-2


text:
Naming/How to name a child

Overview
Naming a child is an example of the principal-agent problem: the parents pick the name, but the child bears it.

A key discrepancy is between:
 * personal meaning (to parents)
 * personal meaning (to child)
 * social meaning (to others)

A rule of thumb is to choose a name that is just a name: Simply a pleasant and practical label that does not prejudice others.
 * not laden with meaning or strong associations;
 * not so unusual as to draw attention to itself;
 * not so common as to be generic.

Importance
One should neither overstate nor understate the importance of a name: even the worst, most offensive name needn’t curse its bearer (“Loser” went by “Lou” ), nor does the choicest ensure success and happiness, but conversely, it is an integral part of one’s public identity, and warrants care in its choice.

People can and do change their names, both what they go by and their legal name, so naming needn’t be forever, but this is rare, and the vast majority of people in English-speaking countries go by some variant of the name they were given as a child.

Details

 * Considerations
 * Don'ts
 * Cautions

title: Naming/How to name a child


text:
Understanding Scientific Terms/Body-1

Lesson 6 - The Body, part 1
The word corpus (plural: corpora) means body, substance, or matter as perceived by the senses. You will find it in words like corpus luteum the yellow body left when an egg leaves a human ovary. We also derive the word corpse from it.

Here are some word roots related to parts of the body.

title: Understanding Scientific Terms/Body-1


text: User talk:68.37.99.10

title: User talk:68.37.99.10


text:
Naming/How to name a child/Don'ts

Don'ts
Certain names are widely frowned upon or disadvantageous, and should be categorically avoided.

Don't use:
 * an offensive name, like "Hitler" or "Loser".
 * Similarly, don't use a name that is intended to be offensive but is not commonly understood as such (such as "Loser" in a foreign language).

 * an exceedingly unusual name, like "Brfxxccxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb11116" or "Moon Unit".
 * a name of the opposite gender (see: A Boy Named Sue)
 * an exceedingly long name, like "Anna Bertha Cecilia Diana Emily Fanny Gertrude Hypatia Inez Jane Kate Louise Maud Nora Ophelia Prudence Quince Rebecca Starkey Teresa Ulysis Venus Winifred Xenophon Yetty Zeno Pepper"
 * According to Vedic (Hindu) mythology the names similar to Rivers, Mountains and Constellations must be avoided.

These are either impractical or cause grief, and are generally frowned on. These guidelines are encoded in law in some countries, such as Germany.

Instead of a name of the opposite gender, consider a unisex name.

Instead of an exceedingly long name, consider using a single or double middle name, or using further names or epithets informally, as nicknames: one can call a child "chandra ka tukra" (Hindi: piece of the moon) as a hypocoristic (term of endearment) without incorporating it into a legal name.

Don't use: These are unnecessary: neither changes how the person is called, and only changes how they come across in writing, in both cases unfavorably. An unusual spelling draws unwanted attention, while a nickname conveys childishness and lack of seriousness or professionalism. Think of the name appearing on a college or job application.
 * an unusual spelling, like "Ami" rather than "Amy".
 * a nickname rather than a formal name, like "Charlie" rather than "Charles".
 * just initials, like "J. R."

Instead, use conventional spelling, formal names, and full names. The child can still go by the nickname or initials, but they have a formal name for formal purposes.

In general, don't use:
 * funny names: Like "Kandi Kane". The joke will grow old. Subtle wit (that is not jarringly obvious) is acceptable, but not encouraged.
 * brand names: Like "Courvoisier".

In their favor
Names chosen so as not to conform to the above guidelines are generally chosen because they feel individual, special, or clever, or to make a statement. If it is legal in one’s jurisdiction to name one’s child as one wishes, one is within one’s (legal) rights to choose such a name, but one should consider different names that share the advantages (of specialness, say) but not the disadvantages.

In the case of individual names, there are a great variety of existing names in other languages that are unusual without being offensive or perverse, and one can come up with new names that sound idiomatic.

In the case of making a statement through a choice of name, one should consider the morality of using a child as a proxy to make such a statement, and consider that there are alternative ways to make statements other than by names on legal documents.

title: Naming/How to name a child/Don'ts


text:
Understanding Scientific Terms/Special Suffixes

Special Suffixes
Most of these suffixes denote action or a condition.

Suffixes

 * -mania : madness
 * -edema or -oedema : swelling
 * -itis : inflammation of
 * -lepsy  : seizure
 * -naut : sailor (aeronautics, astronaut)
 * -oma : tumor
 * -tomy : cut
 * -ism : condition
 * -osis  : abnormal condition
 * -emia  : blood condition
 * -genic  : forming
 * -algia  : pain
 * -oid  : like, resembling

Senses

 * -opia  : vision
 * -opsia  : vision
 * -acousia  : hearing
 * -osmia  : smell
 * -osphrensia  : smell
 * -aphia  : touch
 * -geustia : taste
 * -orexia : appetite


text:
Talk:Naming/How to name a child/Don'ts

Strong wording
This section is stated in strong, didactic terms.

This is intentional.

Some names are widely considered burdens (as reflected in law in some countries), and I've written it this way to accurately emphasize consensus. That said, in the interests of maintaining a NPOV (people do choose unusual names, and ones that many people consider burdensome), I've included counterpoints.

Nbarth (talk) 01:21, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Naming/How to name a child/Don'ts