text:
Wikibooks:Bookshelves/Generation 2

This page is DocumentMode space to collect notes and material to redesign the bookshelves. There is also a |talk page.

Situation
Possible goals:
 * Put every book on a bookshelf.
 * Update unmaintained bookshelves.
 * Find and rescue obscure bookshelves.
 * Add more goals to this list.

Alternatives:
 * Keep one linear list of bookshelves, as we have now.
 * Group bookshelves into departments.
 * The Main Page has these; we could also add them to.
 * Reduce the number of bookshelves (leaving many books on one page).
 * This is possible by creating very long bookshelves, potentially of 100 books or more, divided into sections to keep everything manageable.

Departments
Recently the Main Page adopted departments. However there might be other ways to group bookshelves into departments.

One idea is to limit the to annotated texts that include the source texts.

Centralised development stages
If you store the development stage  in Template:Guide to X11/Development, then you can use Template:Book link to make a link:

 * Guide to X11 ->
 * Guide to X11 ->

Thus, the correct stage of the book can appear on the bookshelf, department, Alphabetical Classification, and user pages. Further, as the Card Catalog Office implements new systems like Dewey and LOC classification, the stages can also be used there.

As a limitation, there is no way to make book link use stage in lieu of stage short, if the development template contains stage short.

Wiktionary:Index to templates states that "Templates calling other templates is strongly discouraged." However, "Template:Book link" calls "Template:Book/Development", which in turn calls "Template:Stage short".

Changing the stage
The following wiki markup, at the bottom of the front book page, provides some utilities including a button to change the stage.

One can also adapt it to work at a different page:

That produces:

Template:Bookshelves at 04:09, 31 March 2006 (UTC)
This version simply uses a single list of bookshelves, so related bookshelves are not grouped together.

Bookshelves Annotated texts | Art | Business | Computer and Video Games | Computer Science | Computer Software | | Economics | Education | Engineering | Games | | | Humanities | IT | Languages | Law | Math | Natural Science | Programming Languages | Social Science | | Misc.

Proposed design 1
This redesign (based on the Main Page departments) is not finished; thus it is not yet saved to the template. Feel free to edit or fork this design.

Comments:

 * Technology sounds like a more appropriate name for the computing department. --Hagindaz 21:09, 12 April 2006 (UTC)

Comments:
My suggestions would get rid of two departments. They seem to combine the general structure of proposal one with the naming in proposal two.--Hagindaz 21:09, 12 April 2006 (UTC)
 * Perhaps put "Computer Science" in Technology? It's not a "natural science," since computers are artificial/man-made.
 * Computing and videogames and traditional games would be better in Arts and Culture, I think.
 * Maybe separate "athletics and physical education" into a subcategory of Sports on "Traditional games" and "physical education" on "Education?"
 * Based on their template sizes, "Programming languages" and "Domain-specific languages" look like they would go well together. (Ignore this if there is a set reason why they're separate.)
 * A lot of thought should be put behind the organization of social sciences (see "major fields") and humanities. The humanities and the society departments may be better combined into one department Business, Economics, Government, and Politics may also do better as sections of a larger shelf.
 * Combine health science and medicine?
 * Combine literature and annotated texts?
 * A travel guides shelf seems unnecessary for only two books.

 * Note that Computer Science, in a pure sense, is a variation of mathematics. Indeed, most Computer Science departments in major universities were essentially appendages to the mathematics departments, or were started with primarily mathematics PhDs as there were no Computer Science PhDs at the time.  For this reason it really deserves to belong with the other mathematics disciplines... at least things that go into the theoretical aspects of finite state machine concepts and mathematically proving algorithms like big O notation and similar ideas.  There really is science in Computer Science, even though most of it is engineering.  I'm certainly willing to consider other opinions on this topic, however.  General mathematics, Computer Science, Statistics, Finite Mathematics, Game Theory, Graph Theory, and other related topics really should belong together in some sort of broad category.  Note Game Theory is not how to play games, but mathematical analysis of games and theories on how to make up games and how to improve them for several different goals and objectives.  I don't see a reason for a separate Mathematics department yet, but that is something that may happen in the future if there can be several independent mathematical bookshelves that are eventually started.

 * The separate bookshelves for Programming Languages and Domain-specific languages is part of an even larger breakup of the Information Technology bookshelf that started over a year ago. This was by far the largest single bookshelf on Wikibooks, and it was getting very difficult to find anything.  Please read the huge discussion on Wikibooks talk:Information technology bookshelf and there was some other talk pages involved as well.  Most of the current Computer department is from that bookshelf.

 * The travel guide shelf is set up mainly because there is no other real place to put these books. A debate over having these kinds of books on Wikibooks is reasonable, and I anticipate that if you have a full bookshelf dedicated to these book that many more will be written.  This is one area that I see some huge growth developing from.  I'm not proposing a whole department for these books either.  So much has been shunted off to Wikitravel that it is no wonder there aren't more travel books.

 * Combining general literature guides like Introduction to Shakespeare and general annotated texts might be a very good idea. I support that idea.

 * As far as the recreation department, this was to have an area that is primarily focused for content that many Wikibooks users have an interest in. And to keep everything that is "fun" together.  There are enough athletics guides now that I think a separate athletics bookshelf can and should be created.  This is also looking to the future where it is anticipated that departments will take on a much larger role within Wikibooks, and all of these categories seem to fit together under common philosophies and attitudes, as well as expertise that can be shared in common between all of these types of books.  As far as a pure Physical Education textbook, it would go equally well with other athletics, education, or even health.  In this regard I think permitting a book to be on multiple bookshelves is not necessarily a bad thing, and several books are listed multiple times even now on multiple bookshelves because they are interdisciplinary.  I think it is within reason I could put together at least a dozen Wikibooks on a separate athletics bookshelf right now.  Again, I think this is a situation where once you have it all together in a neat package, many more will be created.  I also anticipate that other bookshelves will be created in this area, with particularly the Video games bookshelf being perhaps broken up into several bookshelves as well.

 * The general philosophy I had over this layout is to anticipate the future growth of Wikibooks, based on other web content. I was using both the current structure of Wikibooks, but also letting the organizational structure of the Open Directory Project have a bit of influence here as well.  The structure on that project has perhaps the most intensive ontological review of any classification scheme that I have ever seen, including other classification schemes like the Dewey Decimal system and the Library of Congress system.  I kid you not, the best of the best in the world have gone in and classified the ODP in at least the top categories, and they are pretty balanced top categories at that.  It is from this that I am trying to anticipate what Wikibooks will be like in the future when non-geeks start arriving here in mass... or perhaps they are here now.  I guess you are most opposed to the Recreation and Humanities departments as ones to be eliminated.  My contention is that they are going to break off anyway in the future in one way or another.  It is not easy to try and come up with the very top-level categories of any classification system.  --Rob Horning 00:58, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Ah, I see. My main concern was balance, but, unlike you, I didn't factor in future growth in my analysis. I trust that you have that well planned for. My only concerns now are why medicine isn't part of health science and why social science is part of arts & culture, when, by my understanding, it includes both Politics and Economics, which are part of a society department. --Hagindaz 01:32, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm trying to also think about substantial areas currently covered under the DCC (dewey decimal system) and the LOC major categories. I think this organization deals with just about all 100 and 10 level breakdowns of the DCC, or two-letter codes of the LOC scheme.  I just added an agriculture bookshelf to deal with things like Beekeeping and Caring for Guinea Pigs.  This would also include things like Gardening that would not otherwise be involved with Biology as a discipline.

 * This brings up the other issue that categories of this nature can be listed in a couple of places. In this case, the ag bookshelf under both science and as how-to books.  Computer Science perhaps should be listed under both Science and Technology.  We can be a little flexible here, and are not confined to physical bookshelves that have to be arranged in a strict hierarchy because of physical limitations of having to occupy a location in 3-D space.  Proposal 1 did cover this somewhat, but I failed to add it in here.  --Rob Horning 03:19, 13 April 2006 (UTC)

Proposed design 3

 * 1 - Sections: annotated texts, mythology, philogy, methods and topics, national literature, folklore
 * 2 - Sections: writing and rhetoric, area studies/cultural studies, music, gender studies
 * 3 - Sections: ecology, earth sciences, astronomy, and environmental sciences
 * 4 - Sections: cognitive sciences, information science, sociology subfields, management subfields, management science, books on w:Category:Interdisciplinary fields
 * 5 - Sections: electronics, computing technology, materials science, microtechnology, nanotechnology, military technology, biotechnology, aerospace, space technology
 * 6 - Sections: agriculture, architecture, design, ergonomics, family and consumer science, forestry, journalism and mass communications, military science
 * 7 - Sections: psychology*, anthropology*, general
 * 8 - Sections: political science, linguistics, sociology*, human geography, communications
 * * - These sections will eventually be given their own bookshelves.

title: Wikibooks:Bookshelves/Generation 2


text:
Wikibooks talk:Bookshelves/Generation 2

You want to read the thread Staff lounge. I suggest moving the thread here. --Kernigh 04:13, 31 March 2006 (UTC)

A major reorganization
I've put together a few thoughts here: User:Robert Horning/Bookshelf Reorganization

I still need to work on it, but it does go through and deal with some of the content here on Wikibooks and even adds a few new bookshelves. More needs to go into this outline, but it at least is another direction to look at. --Rob Horning 12:00, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Wikibooks talk:Bookshelves/Generation 2


text:
Guide to X11/Starting Programs

Starting Programs
The traditional Unix method of starting a program is call it from the shell by entering its name on the command line. For example:

$ emacs

At the beginning of the X Window System, the method to start an X11 client was essentially the same. You would always have an XTerm open, so you could enter commands to open Emacs, Netscape, and other XTerms. Of course, this meant that if you closed (or xkilled) an XTerm, you would "hang up" all programs started from it, thus causing them to quit and disappear suddenly. So you had to remember to leave open the XTerm from which you started the clients.

Such behaviour is the function of launching programs in the foreground, which makes it dependent on the shell/terminal window (xterm, rxvt, or some other) being open and working.

To launch multiple windowed programs independent of the shell window (that is, in the background), attach an ampersand at the end of each command:

$ xclock &

Outside the shell
Some window managers added a feature called the minicli, for MINIature Command LIne. You choose "Run Command" from some menu, then type the name of a program, such as "emacs". This solved the problem of having extra XTerms (or Konsoles, et cetera) open just to start some programs. However, it introduced another problem: some programs print error messages to the terminal, and you might need to retrieve the error message if you wonder why your program is crashing or not starting. The solution is to log to some file, such as ~/.xsession-errors, when starting your session. Most implementations of X do this automatically.

Many window managers also allow to start programs from menus. However, different window managers have different methods of configuration. There are some attempts at a solution such that you can use the same menu in different window managers. The GNOME and KDE desktop environments currently use a common *.desktop file format to indicate a menu item.

KDE typically provides a K menu in the lower left corner of the screen. GNOME typically provides menus like "Applications" in the upper left corner. Both environments can be customised. Some window managers, like twm and IceWM, let you click on the desktop background to summon the menu.

Specifying window geometry
In X, it's typically easy to set a program window's size and position by specifying the  parameter with the following value syntax — [{WIDTH}][x{HEIGHT}][{+-}{XOFF} [{+-}{YOFF} ]]
 * or horizontal axis handles top-to-bottom and reverse directions;  or vertical axis is for left-to right and reverse directions. Plus (+) and minus (-) signs before XOFF/YOFF correlate to edges of origin: + is the amount of pixels off the left/top edge; - is the number of pixels off the right/bottom edge.

Example with xeyes: $ xeyes -geometry 100x100-37+50 & — Where xeyes opens with the size of 100x100 pixels, at 37 pixels from right– and 50 pixels from top of the screen. The ampersand (&) backgrounds the process (frees xeyes from the terminal).

The -geometry parameter can be used both in the shell and from within the X menu system and menu systems of other windowing environments.

Caveats
Setting window geometry might not or won't work with programs that don't recognise the specification, such as Mozilla Firefox and Wine; Firefox uses its own command-line settings, and Wine launches more than one window with at least one of them not being native to X.

While most window managers and desktop environments support the specification, some might not.

{{TODO|todonote=Describe how to use the network. Describe Xlib}

title: Guide to X11/Starting Programs


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Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Recreation/Dutch Oven Cooking

1. Earn the AY Cooking honor.
The answers for the Cooking honor can be found in the Household Arts section of this wikibook.

2. Give a brief history of Dutch ovens and their role in American history.

The first Europeans coming to the Americas brought Dutch ovens with them, including Columbus, who had one listed on his manifest, and the Pilgrims who landed at Plymouth Rock.

Dutch ovens were so highly prized in early American history, that Martha Washington has been said to have listed her Dutch ovens in her will.

Lewis and Clark brought a Dutch oven with them on their overland expedition to the Pacific Ocean. The mountain men that followed them into the west used them for cooking and for trade with the Native Americans.

Dutch ovens were also carried on the "chuck wagons" brought along on the cattle drives in the late 1800's.

The Dutch oven shown here was owned by Mrs. Ott, of Petersburg, Illinois. It was featured in an article about Abraham Lincoln in McClure's Magazine in 1896. "These Dutch ovens were in many cases the only cooking utensils used by the early settlers. The meat, vegetable, or bread was put into the pot, which was then placed in a bed of coals, and coals heaped on the lid."

3. Know the difference between a bread oven, a stew/meat oven, pot/stove top oven and a camp oven.

 * Bread ovens are four inches deep. They are more shallow than stew/meat ovens so that the heat from the lid will be closer to the bread.
 * Stew/meat ovens are five to seven inches deep.
 * Pot/stove-top ovens have no legs and are used on top of a stove.
 * Camp ovens have long legs so that coals may be heaped beneath them. They also have flanged lids so that coals may be heaped on top of them.  Camp ovens are used outdoors in campfires, and sometimes indoors in a fireplace.

4. In what way are ovens sized?
Dutch ovens are sized by diameter, depth, or capacity:

5. Know and demonstrate fire and Dutch oven handling safety and the proper use of equipment.
Make sure you are dressed properly when handling Dutch ovens. A heavy apron, leather gloves, and shoes are essential. You should also have a fire extinguisher handy. Keep the area free from tripping hazards, and use lid lifters and lid stands. You will also need a shovel for moving the hot coals around. Check with local fire officials and get any required permits before building a campfire.

6. What types of fuels are used to cook with an oven?

 * 1) Wood
 * 2) Charcoal
 * 3) Natural gas
 * 4) Propane
 * 5) Electricity

7. What are the advantages of charcoal over wood as fuel?
Charcoal briquettes are uniform in size, and are made from a single species of wood. Because of this, they burn more evenly, and thus, they produce heat more evenly. Wood on the other hand, comes in non-uniform sizes, and the type usually used as firewood is often of more than one species. As a result, it does not heat as evenly as charcoal does.

8. How do you control temperature?
The easiest way to control the temperature of a Dutch oven is by using the right number of charcoal briquettes for the desired temperature. In general, you should put one third of the total briquettes beneath the Dutch oven, and the remaining two-thirds on the lid. The number of briquettes required to achieve a temperature of 325 °F (160 °C) is twice the pot's diameter as measured in inches (or 8/10 times its diameter as measured in centimeters). So if you have a 12" (30 cm) pot, you will need 24 briquettes. Eight of them will go beneath the pot (one third of 24 is 8), and 16 go on the lid (two-thirds of 24 is 16).  For higher temperatures, add three more briquettes - one to the bottom, two to the lid.  Every time three briquettes are added, the temperature will increase by 25° to 30 °F (14° to 16 °C).

Note that these numbers are only a rule-of-thumb. There are many other variables that can affect the temperature inside a Dutch oven, including the outside temperature, whether the oven is in the sun or shade, the amount of wind, and the amount of metal the oven is made from. You will need to experiment with your oven to master temperature control.

9. What do ashes do to the efficiency of the coals?
Ash decreases the efficiency of the coals because it acts as an insulator. It should be brushed off with a small wisk broom often when cooking.

10. If using wood, what types are best for cooking?
In general, hardwoods such as oak, hickory, ash, and mesquite are better than softwoods such as pine. Be careful when using mesquite though, as it burns very hot. Hardwoods also produce less smoke than softwoods, and softwoods are more likely to leave a creosote residue on the oven.

11. Demonstrate how to properly season a new Dutch oven.
New Dutch ovens are often coated with wax, and this must be removed as the first step in seasoning it. To do this, wash the Dutch oven (and the lid!) using hot soapy water inside and out, and rinse it thoroughly, also in hot water. Dry the oven with a towel. Then wipe the entire oven down with cooking oil or shortening (use a high quality cooking oil such as olive oil or vegetable oil). Be sure the coat all surfaces of the oven, inside and out, including the lid and the legs.

The next step is to "bake" your Dutch oven upside-down for an hour at 350 °F (175 °C). Put the lid on top of the Dutch oven's legs when doing this. A regular kitchen oven can be used, but be warned - this will fill your house with smoke! Open two windows - one in the kitchen, and one elsewhere. Put a fan on the kitchen window sill to blow the air out of the kitchen. It would be better (for the occupants of the house) to do this on an outdoor gas barbecue grill (the kind with a cover). After one hour, turn off the heat and let the oven cool. When it cools, it is ready to use. Do not cook any acidic foods (such as tomatoes) the first two or three times after seasoning the oven, as this may break down the baked-on oil coating.

12. Demonstrate how to properly clean a Dutch oven after each use.
To clean the Dutch oven, simply wipe it down with a clean paper towel. If food is stuck to the oven, bring one or two cups of water to a boil in the oven and scrape the food off with a rubber spatula. Do not use soap, metal scouring pads, or metal utensils on a cast-iron Dutch oven or you will have to re-season it! It's OK to use soap on an aluminum Dutch oven.

13. Demonstrate how to properly transport Dutch ovens.
Transport your Dutch oven in a cardboard box, a wooden crate, or in a carrying case to protect it from damage.

14. Demonstrate how to properly store a Dutch oven for a short term and long term.
Use a paper towel to lightly coat the Dutch oven inside and out (including the legs and lid). Lay a single paper towel flat in the bottom of the oven. Fold a paper towel into a one-ich (2.5 cm) wide strip and place it on the rim of the Dutch oven to form a spacer so that the lid does not fit tightly. Be sure to use a whole paper towel. This is to allow air to circulate inside the oven and prevent the oil coating inside the oven from becoming rancid. If the coating does become rancid, you will need to strip it and re-season it. To strip an oven, place it upside-down in a self-cleaning kitchen oven with the lid placed on top of the legs. Set the kitchen oven on self clean for two hours. Do not cook food in a rancid oven, or you will end up with rancid-tasting food! Do not store the Dutch oven in a damp area.

15. Cook one of each category using Dutch ovens
We include at least one recipe for each category here, but if you have a favorite, please feel free to add it.

16. Cook with the lid only as a griddle.
The lid can be used as a griddle if it is turned upside-down and placed on a heat source. The advantage of this technique is that the lid is slightly bowl-shaped, so even if it is not perfectly level, whatever you are cooking (pancakes anyone?) tends to stay in the griddle instead of spilling out.

17. Name the six different ways to cook in a Dutch oven.
You can use a Dutch oven for frying, deep frying, baking, boiling, stewing, and roasting.

18. What is meant by stack cooking?
Stack cooking is the practice of stacking up to four Dutch ovens one on top of another, and cooking a different item in each one. This conserves fuel, but one must be very careful to not overturn the stack or all of the food will be ruined. A disadvantage of stack cooking is that if the bottom oven needs to be checked, all the ones on top of it must be moved first.

In non-stack Dutch oven cooking, it is normal to rotate the oven every 10 to 15 minutes so that the heat is evenly distributed. However, this is not practical in stack cooking. Instead, it suffices to simply move the coals around on each layer.


text:
Arabic/Book/Junk

Links for pages that do not belong go here.

 * Beginners Transliteration System

title: Arabic/Book/Junk


text:
Arabic/Book/Units

This is the plan for the Layout of the units.

Unit 1-Reading and Writing

 * The alphabet
 * Arabic vowelling symbols تشكيل
 * Ligatures, varieties of ways of connecting letters
 * Writing and reading words

Unit 2-Sentence Fragments and Sentences

 * Using a word to make a sentence, then Adding a word to make it a sentence fragment
 * Connecting Verbs (to be, to seem),
 * (to go)
 * Prepositions
 * Yes-no questions
 * qaala
 * anna,inna

Unit 3- Pronouns and Noun Morphology
Once this Unit is done.
 * All pronouns
 * Prepsitions with pronoun suffixes
 * Semitic radicals/3 constant system
 * Many words
 * Singular, Dual and Plural versions of nouns
 * All question words
 * Be able to pronounce and hear all Arabic Constants

Unit 4- Arabic Verbs
Show Verb type 1 only.
 * perfect
 * imperfect indicative
 * recognizing negation

Unit 6- Final correct conjugation
-Moods -Passive Voice
 * Practice conjugation/get used to it

Unit 7- Noun morphology- nouns derived from verbs

 * Verbal nouns
 * Participles
 * For the first 10 types of verbs
 * Be able to recognize perfect, and imperfect conjugations of all 10

Unit 8-Conjugating verb types 3 to 10

 * New Vocab
 * IF

Unit 9-Finishing Arabic Numbers

 * Arabic Numbers
 * Describing position
 * Describing time
 * Describing how often
 * Describing how much and how many

Appendix

 * How to use a verb chart
 * How to use a Pronoun chart
 * What each pronoun chart indicates
 * Verb Charts
 * Pronoun Charts
 * Prepositions + Word Charts

title: Arabic/Book/Units


text:
Cookbook:Rojak (Salad with Sweet Chile Sauce)

Rojak is a dessert with chilli.

Sauce

 * 1 cup brown sugar
 * ¼ cup water
 * 4 large red chiles, seeded and finely chopped
 * 1 pinch salt

Salad

 * 1 turnip, peeled and sliced very thin
 * 1 mango
 * 2 sour apples
 * 1 small pineapple
 * 2 large cucumbers
 * 3 oranges

Procedure

 * 1) Dissolve the sugar in boiling water, and simmer for 10 minutes.
 * 2) Add chilli and salt.
 * 3) Remove from heat and allow to cool.
 * 4) Peel and cube or slice the fruits and vegetables.
 * 5) Arrange fruit and vegetables in a bowl and pour the syrup over top.


text:
Arabic/Book/Features to Add

 * Audio for all phrases
 * Add حركات Harakaat to Arabic text
 * Code for a table of Pronouns, 1st,2nd, and 3rd Person so that we can use it to show verb conjugations.
 * A front cover picture, and title in Arabic writing. Sort of like a splash screen

title: Arabic/Book/Features to Add


text:
User:Bluebirch

Please see the English or more informative German Wikipedia user page.

title: User:Bluebirch