text:
Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0/Windows Cardspace

Microsoft Cardspace (codenamed: Info Card) is a part of Microsoft's new initiative to construct an identity metasystem where different identities shall be stored and authentication provided by a single system.

Digital Identity
People have multiple identities. For an immigration officer at an airport, a person is identified as a citizen of some country while to a traffic policeman who catches him for overspeed, he is a driver from a particular locality. In a similar way, a person on the net might want to purchase grocies from a grocer, book air tickets for a holiday and order a pizza from the nearest pizza shop through the computer. Hence a digital identity is needed to identify him and this may vary depending upon the vendor

This could be realized through a large-scale system of computers or a metasystem. No single system can issue identities or permissions especially when multiple businesses and multiple transactions are involved. This issue is tackled with by the use of a metasystem wherein each organization issues its own card or passport for the user.

By the use of standards as WS-Security, WS-Trust, WS-MetadataExchange, and WS-SecurityPolicy, it will be possible for the identity metasystem to work with multiple identities issue by different organizations.

Identities are usually assigned based on security tokens which consists of a set of claims. Each claim is a component which identifies the user such as username, address, telephone number,etc. which are unique to that particular user. The set of claims required to authenticate an user might vary from site to site and with this set of claims, the digital identity. These security tokens could be created using Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML), a new standard created by the industry group OASIS.

Digital Identities and Windows Cardspace
Windows Cardspace implements the system of digital identity in Microsoft's identity metasystem effort by offering the user a system of cards from which the user might be able to select for authentication to different websites. Each of these cards is provided by an identity provider. These cards are authenticated by relying parties representing that particular business establishment.

Internal Working
As seen earlier, Windows Cardspace uses a system of cards to authenticate an user. When a new card is created, it gets stored as a .CRD file. The .crd file is composed of metadata. It contains the card name, card image details and STS details. The URL of the location where user information is located is actually specified in the STS section. So, the card simply contains the address or location of the file which contains user information and not the information itself.


text:
Talk:French/Lessons/Everyday life

Untitled
Shouldn't it be "Jean et Paul, vous vous êtes levés assez tard." Not avoir but être should be used?

I have the exact same doubt...can a native speaker validate this??

 * I am going to (try to) answer, even though I can see the question has been asked a long time ago...
 * The verb être is correct in this example. The verb here is se lever, the pronominal form of lever (the difference in meaning is that while lever would mean to get up (someone else) (even though it doesn't mean anything with this verb), se lever means to get up (oneself). Pronominal verbs are ALWAYS conjugated with être.
 * This works with potentially every transitive French verb. Here you can see that the verb is pronominal because of the second vous which is the form of se at the 2nd pers plural. I hope I was clear, I am not used to explain things like that in English. --AurélieM Hi! 23:30, 8 June 2009 (UTC)

Baigner
The audio sample doesn't match the IPA. Here's one that does: Baigner in French. Note the "e" in the IPA which is typical of "-er" endings in French. 174.148.159.20 (talk) 06:15, 2 November 2010 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:French/Lessons/Everyday life


text:
College Guide/Sarah Lawrence College

Sarah Lawrence College is a competitive private four-year liberal arts college in Bronxville, New York.

Admission

 * 46% acceptance rate
 * ../Early Action/ (November 15)
 * Regular Application (January 1)
 * SAT scores: N/A*
 * Average high school ../GPA/: 3.70

Admission Factors
Very Important:
 * Secondary school record
 * Recommendations
 * Essays

Important:
 * Character
 * Extracurricular activities
 * ../Talent and Athletics/

* Standardized test scores not considered

Academics

 * ../Student-faculty ratio/ - 6:1

Demographics

 * Enrollment: 1391
 * M/F ratio: 25/75

Cost and Financial Aid

 * Tuition: $38,090
 * Room and Board: $13,316

Location
30 minutes from NYC

Sports
Independent

Campus Life
No fraternities or sororities

Should You Go?
SLC is a unique college with no majors, fraternities, sororities, and practically no sports. It is also one of the top 10 most expensive colleges. Needless to say, it is not for everyone. But those who love it do so partly because of its 6:1 student-teacher ratio, or its atmosphere of learning for the sake of learning.

Contact
1 Mead Way Bronxville, NY, 10708-5999 914-395-2510 http://www.sarahlawrence.edu

title: College Guide/Sarah Lawrence College


text:
User talk:208.58.208.121

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. --Jomegat 14:24, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:208.58.208.121


text:
Cookbook:Pork Burritos with Green Pepper Sauce

| Cuisine of the USA | Chili

Ingredients

 * 1 tablespoon vegetable oil
 * 4 cloves garlic, minced
 * 1 large onion, chopped (~1 cup)
 * 1 jar (16 ounces) medium chunky salsa
 * 1 jar (16 ounces) mild chunky salsa
 * 1 cup water
 * 1 tablespoon lime juice
 * 1 bunch fresh cilantro, chopped (~1 cup)
 * 8 scallions, chopped (~1 cup)
 * 1 medium red pepper, chopped (~1 cup)
 * ¼ cup lemon pepper seasoning
 * ¼ tsp ground cumin
 * ¼ cup chili powder
 * 1 ea. (4 pounds) boneless pork loin roast, tied or netted
 * 1 can (4 ounces) diced green chiles
 * 12 ea. 10-inch flour tortillas
 * 8 ounces (~2 cups) shredded Monterey Jack cheese

Procedure

 * 1) Heat oil in 12-inch skillet over medium heat.
 * 2) Add garlic and onion and cook until tender.
 * 3) Stir the next 10 ingredients into the skillet.
 * 4) Put the pork roast into a 5-quart slow cooker. Cover roast with salsa mixture.
 * 5) Cover and cook on low for 8–10 hours or until meat is fork-tender.
 * 6) Remove roast and let stand 10 minutes on cutting board.
 * 7) Shred pork with forks.
 * 8) Transfer 5 cups salsa mixture from cooker into 2-quart saucepan. Stir in chiles.
 * 9) Cook over medium heat to a boil.
 * 10) Reduce heat to medium-low.
 * 11) Cook and stir 15 minutes to thicken mixture.
 * 12) Spoon a cup of shredded pork down center of each tortilla.
 * 13) Top with 2 tablespoons green chile sauce.
 * 14) Roll sides of tortilla over and then fold up ends to hold filling.
 * 15) Cover burritos with rest of green chile sauce and cheese.


text:
X86 Assembly/Resources

Wikimedia Sources

 * x86 Disassembly
 * Operating System Design
 * Embedded Systems
 * Floating Point
 * C Programming
 * C++ Programming

Books

 * Yurichev, Dennis, "An Introduction To Reverse Engineering for Beginners". Online book: http://yurichev.com/writings/RE_for_beginners-en.pdf
 * Carter, Paul, "PC Assembly Tutorial". Online book. http://www.drpaulcarter.com/pcasm/index.php
 * Hyde, Randall, "The Art of Assembly Language", No Starch Press, 2003. ISBN 1886411972. http://www.artofassembly.com
 * Triebel and Signh, "The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors: Programming, Interfacing, Software, Hardware, and Applications", 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2003. ISBN 0130930814
 * Jonathan Bartlett, "Programming from the Ground Up", Bartlett Publishing, July 31, 2004. ISBN 0975283847. Available online at http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/pgubook/
 * Tambe, Pratik, "Primitiveasm: Learn Assembly Language in 15 days!!!", 1st online Edition at http://pratik.tambe.googlepages.com/
 * Gerber, R. and Bik, A.J.C. and Smith, K. and Tian, X., "The Software Optimization Cookbook: High-Performance Recipes for IA-32 Platforms", 2nd edition, Intel Press, 2006. ISBN 9780976483212
 * Blum, R., "Professional Assembly Language", 1st edition, Wiley, 2005. ISBN 9780764579011
 * x86 Assembly Adventures video course by xorpd

Web Resources

 * The Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manuals cover basic architecture, instruction set, system programming and other topics. They are available in downloadable PDF and can also be ordered on CD-ROM (order form) and as hard copy (order information).
 * There are many online instruction set references. http://web.archive.org/20051121163920/home.comcast.net/~fbui/intel.html includes the number of clock cycles that each instruction takes, and http://siyobik.info/index.php?module=x86 gives a thorough summary of each command, including pseudocode describing the operation.
 * AMD's AMD64 documentation on CD-ROM (U.S. and Canada only) and downloadable PDF format - maybe not independent but complete description of AMD64 through Assembly. http://developer.amd.com/documentation/guides/Pages/default.aspx#manuals
 * Optimizing subroutines in assembly language: An optimization guide for x86 platforms
 * The microarchitecture of Intel and AMD CPU’s: An optimization guide for assembly programmers and compiler makers
 * Instruction tables: Lists of instruction latencies, throughputs and micro-operation breakdowns for Intel and AMD CPU's
 * Calling conventions for different C++ compilers and operating systems
 * "8086 Microprocessor Emulator" "emu8086 is the emulator ... with integrated 8086 assembler and tutorials for beginners. The emulator runs programs like the real microprocessor in step-by-step mode. It shows registers, memory, stack, variables and flags. All memory values can be investigated and edited by a double click."
 * "Using the RDTSC Instruction for Performance Monitoring"
 * "SIMPLY FPU"
 * "Paul Hsieh's x86 Assembly Language Page"
 * "The world's leading source for technical x86 processor information"
 * "The Art of Picking Intel Registers"
 * x86 Assembly Adventures Open source exercises

title: X86 Assembly/Resources


text:
Jeep Liberty/Electrical/Firewall Penetration

Opening the Factory Firewall Penetration

First off, there is an unused rubber grommet that is already slit for a pair of medium sized wires on every automatic trans Liberty. It's for the clutch line (on the manual trans), and can be found directly left of the master cylinder. Use a medium length of tube, and shove it through the grommet, the wires will come out on the drivers side near the gas pedal assembly. This is higher up, and won't fit anything much larger than 2 8GA wires. I followed this procedure on my 2005 CRD, and it worked great. If you want something larger, follow the instructions below.

Ok, so you want to get some wires from the passenger compartment to the engine compartment. Maybe your running some wires for that new set of fog lights, a power wire for that bangin' sub in the back or power wires and coax for that big honkin' amateur radio that you want to use mobile. The installation instructions for the DC fog light kit show the wires being run through the seal around the main wiring harness. That is OK if you have some small 18-20ga wires to run, but if you have 10-12ga power wires and good RG-8 coax to get thru the firewall you might have some problems.

Luckily DC has placed an oval penetration in the firewall that will accommodate these larger wires. This page will demonstrate how I found this opening and utilized it for my own needs.

First off, you will need to remove the drivers side kick panel. Pull up on the lower door trim piece and pull out on the kick panel; these both use metal spring clips to fasten to the body (Fig 1).

Once you have the kick panel removed, grab the edge of the carpet and pull toward the brake pedal. This will allow you to see the sound insulation on the inside of the firewall. You can see where this insulation fits around the main wiring harness (Fig 2). Take note of the bolt coming thru the small plastic fitting. This bolt will help you locate the firewall plug later.

Once you have the insulation pulled back you will see the white plastic ring around the main wiring harness. Just below that over at the joint of the firewall and the left side of the passenger compartment you will see a black plastic plug. This is the plug for the penetration you will open up. Fig 3 shows this penetration with my wires going out.

Now for the fun part. Pull out your drill, cordless if ya got it, and grab a good-sized bit, around 3/8th or 1/2. Drill through the center of the plastic plug and you should be able to pull the plug right out (Note:I did not use this method, but others have mentioned it and it seems better than the contortionists trick I used to get to mine from the engine side). At this point you will have revealed an opening about 1/2" x 1". Go ahead and run your wires; a coat hanger or other thin, flexible rod will help here. Once done, put the insulation, carpet and cabin trim pieces back in place and you are done! Don't forget to purchase or find some RTV or silicone sealant to seal the opening once you have run everything through.

A step by step photo walkthrough can be found in the gallery below:


text:
X86 Assembly/Print Version

= GNU Free Documentation License =

title: X86 Assembly/Print Version


text:
Talk:Jeep Liberty/Electrical/Firewall Penetration

Hi Micheal, thanks for the compliment!

I have no problem with you posting the information, in fact it would be a second location for the information and that can only be helpful. I just wanted to get the information out so that anyone who came after me would not have to search thru all of the posts and other information to find out what they need to do. If you want to go ahead and grab the information as posted on my original page: http://home.comcast.net/~corwyyn/firewall-penetration.html feel free to do so. Please note that this page will most likely disappear at the end of the month so if you want it now is the time! I am going to try valiantly to update the images and make some minor additions, but that may have to wait until after this weekend as my mother will be moving down here to Tempe and I will need to help unpack the truck. As soon as I get everything ready I could always go to the wiki site and do the update so that shouldn't be a problem.

Again, thanks for the offer and the help.

Regards,

_________________ Kevin
 * AD5VG*

Kevin,

I really liked your Firewall Penetration Guide! I found it very informative and useful. I would love to use it in a project I'm involved with called Wikibooks, so I'm seeking your permission.

Wikibooks http://wikibooks.org is a collection of free non-fiction books (only textbooks so far) that is collaboratively-edited by volunteers from around the world. You might have heard of our sister project, Wikipedia ( http://wikipedia.org ), which is a very large online encyclopedia that, in less than four years time, amassed over 400,000 articles - just in the English language version. However, the Wikibooks project is just starting to write our first textbooks and we hope to duplicate Wikipedia's success in about the same amount of time.

I'd like to include your materials in this Wikibook http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Jeep_Liberty To get a sense of the freedom of Wikibooks, you could even edit this without registration right now.

However, we can only use your materials if you are willing to grant permission for us to use your above referenced work under terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. This means anybody will have the right to share your materials and update them: for example, to keep up with new information. You can read this license in full at: http://wikibooks.org/wiki/GNU_Free_Documentation_License (note: To keep things simple, we don't use Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts)

The license also expressly protects authors "from being considered responsible for modifications made by others" while ensuring that authors get credit for their work. There is more information on our copyright policy at: http://wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Copyrights

If you agree, we will credit you for your work in the resulting Wikibook's author's page. We would also state that your work is being used with your express permission and we will provide a web link back to: http://home.comcast.net/~corwyyn/firewall-penetration.html

Thank you for your time.

Kindly,

Michael Robinson  www.fuzzymuzzle.com


text:
User:Hedley~enwikibooks

Hedley,

Thank you for raising the point on which more work will have to be done.

SianglaOdhiambo 20:00, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Hedley~enwikibooks


text:
Linear Algebra/OLD/Change of Basis

Change of Basis
It was shown earlier that a square matrix can represent a linear transformation of a vector space into itself, and that this matrix is dependent on the basis chosen for the vector space. We will now show how to change the basis of a given vector space

Suppose we have some vector space whose basis is given by the set $$ A = a_{1}, a_{2}, \ldots, a_{n}$$ and we would like to change it to the set $$ B = b_{1}, b_{2}, \ldots, b_{n}$$. The basis B still belongs to vector space aforementioned, so its vectors can be expressed as a linear combination [''Eq. 1'']

$$ b_1 = p_{11}a_1+p_{12}a_{2}+\ldots+p_{1n}a_{n}$$,

$$ b_2 = p_{21}a_1+p_{22}a_{2}+\ldots+p_{2n}a_{n}$$,

$$\ldots$$

$$ b_n = p_{n1}a_1+p_{n2}a_{2}+\ldots+p_{nn}a_{n}$$

Each vector of the set B has a coordinate matrix with respect to the basis we started off with, namely the set designated as A. We represent this as

$$ \begin{bmatrix} b_1 \\ \end{bmatrix}_{A} = \begin{bmatrix} p_{11} \\ p_{12} \\ \vdots \\ p_{1n} \\ \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} b_2 \\ \end{bmatrix}_{A} = \begin{bmatrix} p_{21} \\ p_{22} \\ \vdots \\ p_{2n} \\ \end{bmatrix} \cdots \begin{bmatrix} b_n \\ \end{bmatrix}_{A} = \begin{bmatrix} p_{n1} \\ p_{n2} \\ \vdots \\ p_{nn} \\ \end{bmatrix} $$

Setting these coordinate matrices as the columns of a matrix P gives us a transition matrix. This transition matrix transforms the original basis A to a new basis B of some vector space. The transition matrix is actually the transpose of [''Eq. 1''] that we saw earlier

$$ P = \begin{bmatrix}

\begin{bmatrix} b_1 \\ \end{bmatrix}_{A}

\begin{bmatrix} b_2 \\ \end{bmatrix}_{A}

\cdots

\begin{bmatrix} b_n \\ \end{bmatrix}_{A} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} p_{11} & \cdots & p_{n1} \\ p_{12} & \cdots & p_{n2} \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ p_{1n} & \cdots & p_{nn} \\ \end{bmatrix} $$

To summarize, in order to find the transition matrix from some basis F to some basis G, we must compute the coordinate vector for each element of our original basis F with respect to the other basis G. The matrix whose columns are formed by the coordinate vectors is the transition matrix.

Theorem 1
''If P is the transition matrix from the basis A to the basis Z, and β is an element of the vector space, then it follows that

$$P\begin{bmatrix} \beta \\ \end{bmatrix}_{Z} = \begin{bmatrix} \beta \\ \end{bmatrix}_{A}$$

Proof
$$ \beta = b_{1}z_{1} + b_{2}z_{2} + \cdots + b_{n}z_{n}$$ $$ = b_{1}(p_{11}a_{1} + \cdots + p_{1n}a_{n})+ \cdots + b_{n}(p_{n1}a_{1} + \cdots + p_{nn}a_{n})$$

$$ ~ = (b_{1}p_{11} + \cdots + b_{n}p_{n1})a_{1} + \cdots + (b_{1}p_{1n} + \cdots + b_{n}p_{nn})a_{n}$$

$$\therefore $$

$$ \begin{bmatrix} \beta \\ \end{bmatrix}_{A} = \begin{bmatrix} (b_{1}p_{11} + \cdots + b_{n}p_{n1}) \\ \vdots \\ (b_{1}p_{1n} + \cdots + b_{n}p_{nn}) \\ \end{bmatrix}$$

$$ = \begin{bmatrix} p_{11} & \cdots & p_{n1} \\ \vdots & ~ & \vdots \\ p_{1n} & \cdots & p_{nn} \\ \end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} b_{1} \\ b_{2} \\ \vdots \\ b_{n} \\ \end{bmatrix} = P\begin{bmatrix} \beta \\ \end{bmatrix}_{Z} $$

$$ \Box $$

title: Linear Algebra/OLD/Change of Basis


text:
What You Should Know About Medicines/Sublingual

Some medicines can be given sublingual, which means "under the tongue". The reason for this method of administration is that some medications can enter the bloodstream better or faster this way.

For example, B12 is a vitamin that for decades was given as an injection because when someone has Pernicious Anemia they cannot absorb it from the intestines due to a lack of a chemical called intrinsic factor that "grabs" it and pulls it into the bloodstream. A few years ago it was noted that if given sublingual, it would be adequately absorbed, eliminating the need for an injection.

Another example is when a patient in Hospice care is near death, unable to swallow but having pain, the pain medication can be given as a liquid under the tongue, where it is absorbed quickly and gives rapid pain relief.

A pill designed to be given orally will rarely be able to be administered sublingually. A pharmacist can tell you if a certain medication has a coating and absorption profile that will allow this form of administration.

An example of a pain medication intended to be taken orally that can be taken sublingually, if you don't mind a slight bitter taste, is hydrocodone. Approximately 1/3 of an oral dose has the same effects when taken sublingually. This method of sublingual dosing has been tried when a patient's Dr. does not prescribe enough of the medication in quantity to be taken orally to subdue the patient's severe pain.


text:
What You Should Know About Medicines/Half life, or how often to take it

Every medication has a certain amount of time that it remains "active" before the body begins to metabolize or excrete the medication. The amount of time it lasts in the body before it is half gone is called the half life.

The half life is an important concept for clinicians;
 * When treating infections, the antibiotic needs to be present long enough and at a high enough dose to kill the infection
 * When taking a sleeping medication, you want it to work only so long that you wake up refreshed, not groggy
 * When being treated for blood pressure problems (Hypertension) or cholesterol problems (Hyperlipidemia) you'd like the medication to work all day.

Some medical conditions will either shorten or prolong the half life of a medication, which is important for the clinician to consider, to avoid over or under dosing.
 * Kidney disease will reduce the excretion of medications that are primarily eliminated through the kidney, allowing it to increase in the blood. This is predictable and should be taken into consideration by the clinician
 * Certain medications interfere with the metabolism of other medications, either by speeding up, or slowing down, the metabolism. The clinician has the information to know what does what to what, to avoid this problem.
 * Certain foods can interfere with metabolism of medication. Grapefruit and grapefruit juice can cause problems with this, and the clinician may tell one to avoid this food.

Mathematically and biologically, it takes four half lifes for a medication to reach  steady state, or put another way, a consistent level in the body. For a medication that has a 4 hour half life, it will take 4 doses every four hours to reach the correct level. For this reason, sometimes clinicians advise "to take two the first time", which reduces the amount of time before reaching a steady state.

Also, when a medication has to be stopped, it is often desirable to reduce it over time, instead of stopping it all at once. This may reduce the uncomfortable effects of stopping it. Examples include:
 * Narcotic addiction: stopping the narcotics all at once may bring on serious and severe side effects, whereas reducing them a little at a time is more tolerable and comfortable.
 * Paxil (paroxetine), like SSRIs generally, is a difficult medication to stop all at once, and should be tapered over time
 * Prednisone, and other steroids, may need to be tapered for a different reason...their presence in the body will allow the adrenal glands to "go on vacation", and stopping them suddenly after several days may cause serious problems, whereas slowing them down will allow the adrenal glands to "recover" from the vacation.


text:
What You Should Know About Medicines/Delirium

Delirium (or the state of being delirious) is considered a temporary dysfunction of the brain.

The brain is a very complex organ, of course, and although it is resistant to being "knocked off kilter", certain things can do this.

 * Many people have experienced delirium when drinking too much alcohol. This is induced by a chemical, is relatively temporary, and its effects are pretty well known. In too high a dose, the delirium can advance to unconsciousness, and even respiratory depression, which can lead to death from the body being unable to breathe on its own.
 * Simple infections, like urinary infections in the elderly, can cause a delirium, which resolves a couple of hours after the first dose of antibiotic.

Delirium is confused with Dementia, but the two are quite different. See Dementia.


text:
User talk:152.3.245.16

Webaware talk 23:36, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:152.3.245.16


text:
User talk:Jimp

Leave me a message here.

title: User talk:Jimp


text:
User:Jimp

It's Jimp.

title: User:Jimp


text:
User talk:68.5.206.82

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. Webaware talk 01:03, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:68.5.206.82


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Knots/Making rope

Making rope requires some simple apparatus which you can make yourself easily enough. The first apparatus (we'll call it the twister) is used for twisting three strands of twine (or smaller rope). When making the twister, clamp the two boards that form the handles together tightly and drill three holes through both at the same time. This will ensure that they line up. The hook/crank portion of the twister can be made from coat hanger wire. First make the two 90° bends in the center, then pass them through the holes in the handles. Finally, form the hooks on one end and the other 90° bend on the other. (This final bend prevents the crank from slipping out of the holes in the handle).

As the strands are twisted, they will tend to grab one another and twist together. To make rope, this tendency has to be controlled. This is done with a second apparatus (we'll call it the separator). It consists of a board with three holes drilled in it, forming the points of an equilateral triangle. These points should be at least six inches away from one another, and should be large enough to pass the strands of twine through.

To make rope, cut three pieces of twine about 33% longer than the desired rope. Pass each strand through a hole in the separator, then tie a non-slip loop in the end of each (a figure-eight on a bight works well for this). We will call this end of the strands the free end. Slip these loops over a hook of some sort, and pull the strands straight. Bunch the ends opposite the loops together, and tie them off, again in a loop (and again, a figure-eight on a bight works well for this). We will call this end the bound end. Make sure that the three strands are the same length from one loop to the other. Hand the bound end to a helper, then attach the loops on the free end to the hooks on the twister. Pull the twister away from the bound end (still affixed firmly to another hook) until the strands are straight and tight. Then slide the separator towards the common end. Start cranking the twister so that the hooks rotate. As you crank, your helper will allow the three strands on his side of the separator to twist together. As they do this, the helper will slide the separator towards you, going only as fast as the strands bind to one another. Be careful to keep the strands tight as you do this so that they do not bind to one another on your end of the separator. Continue twisting until the separator reaches the twister. Then tie a knot in the free end of the rope, unhook it from the twister, and slide the separator off. Tie a stopper knot, or bind the end with tape. Then cut off the few inches of untwisted strand that remain (or make a back splice). Finish the opposite end in the same manner. Voila! You now have a rope!

|


text:
Wikijunior:World at Work/Fruit seller

fr:Wikijunior:Le monde au travail/Vendeur de fruits

title: Wikijunior:World at Work/Fruit seller


text:
Linear Algebra/Orthogonal Sets

Orthogonal Sets
Given a set $$ A = ( a_{1},a_{2}, \ldots ,a_{n} )$$, where $$ a_{1}$$ through $$a_{n}$$ are nonzero vectors of the same dimension, is an orthogonal set if

$$ a_{i} \cdot a_{j} = 0 $$

where $$i \ne j$$.

So, for example, if one has a set of 3 vectors with the same dimension (for example $$ 4 \times 1$$) and taking the dot product of each vector with each other vector all equal zero, it is an orthogonal set. This is illustrated below.

Example of Orthogonal Set
$$

\boldsymbol{\Omega} = ( \omega_{1}, \omega_{2}, \omega_{3} )$$

$$ \omega_{1} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\            0 \\             2 \\             1 \\             \end{bmatrix} , \omega_{2} = \begin{bmatrix} 2 \\            3 \\             -2 \\             2 \\             \end{bmatrix}, \omega_{3} = \begin{bmatrix} 1 \\            0 \\             0 \\             -1 \\             \end{bmatrix} $$

We see that

$$ \omega_1 \cdot \omega_2 = 0 $$

$$ \omega_1 \cdot \omega_3 = 0 $$

$$ \omega_2 \cdot \omega_3 = 0 $$

Thus, $$ \boldsymbol{\Omega}$$ is an orthogonal set of vectors.

title: Linear Algebra/Orthogonal Sets


text:
User:Évariste

Interests: math, medicine, mixed martial arts, obviously anything starting with the letter "m"...

Wikibooks
When I'm avoiding my studies by going online, I hope to contribute a bit to some Wikibooks on subjects I'm knowledgeable about. So far I've contributed the following pages / sections:

Linear Algebra

[Change of Basis]

[Matrix Operations/Matrix Multiplication]

[Orthogonal Sets]

Discrete Math & Number Theory

[Alternative to Euclidean Algorithm for calculating GCD]

Set Theory/Relations

[Functions & Graphs]

Some Links
State University of New York at Stony Brook Dept. of Physics

Physics Forums

The Beatles, greatest band of all time

- Évariste

title: User:Évariste


text:
User talk:Évariste

Hello, welcome to Wikibooks! Good luck in your courses, have you checked out the Organic Chemistry book to help you out with your class? I hope you do well, and I hope you have some fun contributing to Wikibooks. Here are some links that you might find useful: If you have any questions or if you need any help, you can ask me at my user talk page, or you can post questions to the Staff lounge. If you post questions in these places, they will typically be answered very quickly. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 02:36, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Évariste


text:
Wikijunior:World at Work/Shoemaker

fr:Wikijunior:Le monde au travail/Cordonnier

title: Wikijunior:World at Work/Shoemaker


text:
Celestia/Development Road Map

This page is obsolete. For current information, see Ideas for post 1.7 era on GitHub.

Here's a development roadmap for Celestia (as of 6/22/07), with tasks roughly prioritized highest first.

Celestia 1.5.0pre3

 * Don't require LuaHook for scripted orbits and rotations
 * Fix cloud shadows
 * ASAP

Celestia v1.5.0pre3 for Windows was made available on May 24, 2007. A list of the accumulated changes and the location for downloading the Windows installer are at https://celestiaproject.space/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11082&

Celestia 1.5.0pre4

 * Changes to standard data files:
 * new Eros model
 * new ISS and Mir models
 * new Itokawa model
 * Fix stars
 * Allow star orbits to be toggled separately from planet orbits
 * Eliminate OrbitBarycenter
 * Adjust near clip plane for FOV (to preserve depth buffer precision)
 * Don't show labels for star system barycenters
 * Fix SSC texture override for meshes

Celestia v1.5.0pre4 for Windows was made available on October 29, 2007. Not all of the hoped-for improvements were included, but many bugs were fixed. A list of the accumulated changes and the location for downloading the Windows installer are at https://celestiaproject.space/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11605&

Celestia 1.5.0pre5
Celestia v1.5.0pre5 for Windows was made available on December 18, 2007. Not all of the hoped-for improvements were included, but many bugs were fixed. A list of the accumulated changes and the location for downloading the Windows installer are at https://celestiaproject.space/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11807

Celestia 1.5.0pre6
Celestia v1.5.0pre6 for Windows was made available on January 21, 2008. Not all of the hoped-for improvements were included, but many bugs were fixed. A list of the accumulated changes and the location for downloading the Windows installer are at https://celestiaproject.space/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11932

Celestia 1.5.0 final
Celestia v1.5.0 for Windows and MacOS X, as well as a tarball of its source code, was made available on January 26, 2008. It can be downloaded from SourceForge.

Not all of the hoped-for improvements listed below were included, but many bugs were fixed. A list of the accumulated changes is available at https://celestiaproject.space/forum/viewtopic.php?t=11953

 * Changes to standard data files:
 * Switch to new rotation model forms
 * Atmospheres
 * Make dense atmospheres work better
 * Fix artifacts from linear interpolation across triangles
 * Fix too-dark sky at zenith
 * Automatic conversion of new style atmosphere parameters to old ones
 * Default body frame is based on parent, not center of orbit frame; is this right?
 * Fix depth sorting of labels

Celestia 1.5.1
Change of plans: Celestia v1.5.1 will be strictly a bug-fix release, plus translations which were not included in v1.5.0. Features listed below which weren't in v1.5.0 will be included in v1.6.0.

Celestia v1.5.1 for Windows and MacOS X was made available on May 5, 2008. It can be downloaded from SourceForge.
 * Script function to show / hide individual objects
 * Script menu Already completed for 1.5.0
 * Make quaternion slerp more robust Already completed for 1.5.0
 * Double precision SampledOrbits Already completed for 1.5.0
 * Pulsar catalog?
 * Triaxial ellipsoids for solar system bodies
 * Fix multiple star handling in star database builder
 * Bug fixing

Celestia 1.6.0
For a more up-to-date list of features considered or implemented for Celestia v1.6.0, see the WikiPage Celestia/160Features.

Celestia v1.6.0 for Windows and MacOS X, as well as a tarball of its source code, was made available on July 9, 2009. It can be downloaded from SourceForge.
 * User-definable object classes
 * Orbits:
 * More flexible means to choose which orbits to display (custom classes)
 * Allow orbits to be shown in any reference frame
 * Script:
 * Functions to deal with object classes
 * Expose 1.5.0 reference frames in scripts
 * Vector and orientation parameters for ScriptedOrbits and ScriptedRotations
 * Markers:
 * Labeled markers
 * Allow different reference frames for markers
 * Texture improvements:
 * Use lower resolution virtual texture tiles for surface patches farther from camera
 * Improve texture memory management
 * Multi-threaded texture loader
 * Optimize galaxy rendering: point sprites, vertex buffers instead of immediate mode.
 * SPICE
 * Allow lists of kernel files
 * Manage loaded kernels
 * C-kernel rotation model
 * Generic frame rotation model
 * Goto fixes:
 * Fix center orbit (currently assumes infinitely distant target)
 * Goto barycenter should pick a distance based on size of the orbits around the barycenter.
 * SampledOrbit / SampledOrientation:
 * Periodic SampledOrbits
 * Support cubic interpolation of SampledOrientation files
 * New Earth rotation CustomRotations--precession, nutation, IRTF93
 * Internal changes:
 * Implement velocity method for all orbit types
 * Change internal time scale to be Julian days relative to J2000.0
 * Use J2000 ecliptic coordinate system throughout Celestia
 * CachingRotation base class
 * More accurate lunar orbit
 * Depth sort location labels (new drawable type: label cluster)
 * New data:
 * Create model for comet Tempel 1
 * Create model for asteroid (66391) 1999 KW4 and its moon
 * Eliminate the .cms format

Celestia 1.7.0

 * Spacecraft fly mode
 * Network Server Separated
 * Dynamic milky way model
 * Earth, Moon, Saturn Ring Details
 * Support Collada (.dae)
 * Dynamic loading and unloading of add-ons
 * Make add-ons easier to install
 * Multiple names for solar system objects (done)
 * For stars, do antialiased points in shader
 * 3D graphic objects in scripts
 * Reference frames
 * Named frames
 * Rotation offset frames
 * Two-vector frames: closest point vectors
 * Self shadowing for complex objects
 * Address 16k light year limit (done)
 * Supernova catalog?

Celestia 2.0

 * High dynamic range lighting - photorealism
 * Light scattering model for rings
 * Major UI improvements
 * Advance Visual effects

title: Celestia/Development Road Map


text:
User talk:87.203.21.214

Webaware talk 04:49, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:87.203.21.214


text:
Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0/Caching

There are three types of caching supported by .NET 3.0

 * Absolute Expiration Caching
 * Sliding Caching
 * Cache Dependency Expiration caching

Absolute Expiration Caching
This is a form of caching wherein the expiration time is specified in advance. After a specific period of time, the contents of the cache get deleted.

Sliding Caching
Here, a time span is specified up to which the program checks for access. If no individual has accessed the site till the time span has expired, then the contents of the cache get deleted. So here, the time-span of the cache depends upon the popularity of the site.

Cache Dependency Expiration
In cache dependency expiration, the timespan of the cache depends on when the particular item on which the data is dependent is changed.


text:
Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0/Windows Workflow Foundation

Windows Workflow Foundation is a new component introduced by .NET Framework 3.0.

A workflow is a reliably repeatable pattern of activity enabled by a systematic organization of resources, defined roles and mass, energy and information flows, into a work process that can be documented and learned. Workflows are always designed to achieve processing intents of some sort, such as physical transformation, service provision, or information processing.

Activites
A workflow is a set of activities. Each of these activities is a class which performs a particular operation. In Windows Workflow Foundation (WWF), they are coded using a language called XAML which has been introduced specifically for this purpose.

Workflow activities are classes which are created by the author and contains methods programmed by the author which could be called and executed by the workflow. There are different types of activities: Basic activities and composite activities. Basic activities are single activities executed by the workflow while composite activities are made up of activities. Apart from this, users can also create custom activities based on existing activities.

Typically, the WWF is made up of a number of activities or individual programs which are interlinked using XAML code. Hence, we need to include the namespace System.Workflow.ComponentModel.

Types of Workflow
There are two types of workflows provided by WWF.

 * Sequential Workflow
 * State-machine workflow

Components of WWF
WWF is made up of the following components:

Base Activity Library
The base activity library usually contains some well-known or frequently used activities which are executed by the workflow. Besides, users can also add custom-built activities for use into the workflow. These could be activities which have been developed from existing activites or activities that have been coded from scratch. The base activity library is quite similary to the base class library(BCL) of the .NET framework and Java Class Libraries.

Runtime Engine
Another component which forms a part of Windows Workflow Foundation is the Runtime Engine. As the name implies, this consist of the runtime classes and services required for the program to run. These runtime services of the runtime engine perform the same role as providers.

Runtime Services
The runtime engine offers a number of runtime services for the workflow to run by default. But in case you want to add services on your own, you could do so by choosing and adding new services directly in the web.config. This is one of the major advantages of .NET Framework 3.0. Besides, you can also create your own custom services and implement them in your workflow. Hence, runtime services of WWF are fully extensible.

Hosts
A hosting application or a host is the application which hosts workflows. These are applications which actually contain the workflows which are embedded in the application.

WF workflows define interfaces with methods and events to communicate with the outside world. A host application typically sets up an environment before running a workflow, providing objects that implement those interfaces. When an object implementing such interfaces raises an event, the corresponding workflow is retrieved and the data passed on to it.

Visual Designer
The Visual Designer is a component of WWF that provides a flowchart-based model of the workflow along with the different activities. The important feature of the Visual Designer which differentiates it from designers provided with the earlier versions is the presence of a facility to include the designer in an application. true, the visual designer model of a workflow could be introduced in an application by adding a Visual Designer tool. This helps to create a monitoring tool and in the maintenance of the workflow-based application.


text:
Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0/Windows Presentation Foundation

Windows Presentation Foundation (codenamed:Avalon) is a new feature (a presentation platform) introduced with .NET Framework 3.0 which supports the creation of documents containing high-resolution pictures and graphics. WPF is also responsible for the integration of pictures and media in ordinary documents. At present, the component performing this function is Windows Forms.

What is Windows Presentation Foundation
A productive, unified approach to UI, media and documents to deliver unmatched user experience

WPF Infrastructure
The Presentation Foundation contains classes to create 'Print' and 'File Open' dialog boxes, script new windows, etc. It makes use of four specific classes most of the time:

 * UIElement
 * FrameworkElement
 * ContentElement
 * FrameworkContentElement

These classes help in building an effective and easy to use user interface. The WPF UI is usually in the form of a Element Tree. Element Trees used in WPF are of two types:

 * Logical Tree
 * Visual Tree

Element Trees are usually implemented in XAML by dragging and dropping and creating relationships between the concerned elements. In code, they depend on how we give property values for properties.

The logical tree involves creating a tree structure by adding a listbox tag and list items inside the tag. In the case of a DockPanel we use Children property.

The visual tree is mainly used by programmers who want to meddle with the underlying low-level components of the program.

Combination of Markup and Programming
While the usage of a programming language as C# is best recommended for programming logic, the usage of markup languages is recommended for texts and UIs.

In earlier versions of the .NET framework, the designer part was separate from the code. However, in .NET 3.0, both the designer part programmed in XAML and the logic programmed in C# are included in the same code.

XAML File  Click Me!

C# code-behind file using… namespace Button {	public partial class Default : Panel {    // Event handler void Button_Click (object sender, System.Windows.Controls.ClickEventArgs e) 	      {    btn1.Background = System.Windows.Media.Brushes.Red;  } } }

Graphics
Windows Presentation Foundation enables the user to create graphic applications of high-quality. You could add existing or create custom buttons using tag, create docked panels, 2D and 3D graphical images, use color picker controls, create or modify images, videos, create custom medi players, etc.

Drawing Object Model
The WPF graphics system offers a completely new programming style. With Win32-based UI technologies, if you want to draw customized graphics, you must write code that responds to repaint requests, drawing the details on demand. This code effectively paints directly to the screen. If that part of the screen becomes obscured by another window and then uncovered, Windows sends a message requesting that this be redrawn. If you want to change the appearance of your graphics, you need to instruct Windows to invalidate the relevant areas of the screen in order to initiate a repaint.

Richly Formatted Text
WPF also helps us create formatted text easily and hence rich formatting could be used. The contents are enclosed within a tag.

User Events could be executed easily by using triggers which are specified using the tag. Apart from this, there are many other new innovations in WPF.

Templates and Styles
There are two types of templates: Data Templates and Control Templates. Control Templates define the control and the visual structure of the control.

Syntax: ControlTemplate x:Key=“MyButton” TargetType=“{x:Type Button}”>

On the contrary, data templates contain specifications about the data to be stored.

Syntax:

Styles are used to specify the syles of buttons used.

Styles can also be based on other styles.

Style x:Key=“MyStyle” BasedOn=“{StaticResource BaseStyle}” />

Documents
WPF supports three kinds of documents

 * Fixed Documents
 * Flow Documents
 * XPS Documents

WPF has introduced new concepts which make the integration of text with media files easier. WPF also supports a variety of fonts which were not handled by earlier versions.

Fixed Documents
Fixed Documents are representative of WYSIWYG ("What you see is what you get") principle. Here, what you see on the screen indicates the actual layout that you will get on paper when the page is printed. Hence, even slight changes to the layout shall be critical.

Flow Documents
Flow Documents are those document formats which adjust their size, readability, dimensions, etc. depending on the size of the screen. Documents of this type are also supported by WPF.

XPS Documents
XPS documents are those which are exact representations of how the document shall look on paper. They resemble scanned images of the document itself.

Benefits

 * Ease of Use -- Learn ability, Performance, Reliability, Security, Optimized form factors, Legibility / Readability, Relevance / Contextualization
 * Richness -- Graphics & Media, Data Visualization, Higher Fidelity Information, Globalization, Accessibility, Hardware & Printing Integration.


text:
Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0/An Overview of Master Pages

Masterpages were introduced for the first time in .NET framework 2.0 in order to create an application in which multiple files have similar content. The content for which masterpages have been created include headers, trailers, etc. For sites which have a common header for all the pages, it is difficult and hectic to ensure that the same header has been inserted into the code of each page and to ensure uniformity in text alignment, etc. To overcome this drawback, we use master pages. In .NET 1.1, cascading style-sheets were used to perform this function. However, in .NET 3.0, these stylesheets were replaced by masterpages.

Introduction
The syntax used to denote a masterpage is

<%@ Master Language="C#" %> <%@ Master Language="C#" CodeFile="MasterPage.master.cs" Inherits="MasterPage" %>

This specifies that the page is a masterpage and is given at the start of the page.

The ASP.NET page which inherits content from a masterpage has the following tag in it.

<%@ Page Language="VB" MainPageFile="~/MainPages/Master1.main" Title="Content Page" %>

Creating a Master Page

 * 1) Create a New Project
 * 2) Add a master page to the project. This could be done by clicking 'Add New Item' and selecting 'Masterpage' from the list of items displayed.
 * 3) Open the masterpage and enter the contents to be displayed just above the ContentPlace Holder object.
 * 4) Right-click on the project and click 'Add New Item'. Select 'Web Page' and check 'Select Master Page' option and click 'Ok'. The project folder dialog box will be displayed. Select the masterpage file (.master) from the list of files displayed and click 'Ok'. The file gets created and you will observe that a 'content' object gets created by default. This tag is created when a masterage is selected. If no masterpages are required in the page then this tag can be removed.
 * 5) Run the file. You will observe that the content specified on top of the ContentPlaceHolder in the Masterpage file appears on the Web page.

Nested Masterpages
It is also possible to nest one masterpage inside another. The designer doesn't support nesting of master pages; however, two or more masterpages could be nested at the code level.

SiteMaster.master
The SiteMaster page is made up exclusively of the Content control.

 Site Master Page

Section Master
Section masterpages inherit from the site master. Syntax of a site master page is given below.  Site Master Page

Scoping Masterpages
Masterpages could be specified either at the page or folder or application level.

Criticism of Masterpages
One complaint against master pages is that the head HTML tag is defined in the master page. This element must be shared across all pages that take their layout from the master. Several options are available to work around this issue, including modifying the head content at Runtime using Server-side code. The title, however, is freely editable via the title attribute in the master page file declaration at the top of a content page. It is actually possible to place a ContentPlaceHolder control inside the head section of the master page, although Visual Studio 2005 will generate warnings. Unfortunately, markup placed inside the associated Content control is rendered as a literal. The HtmlHead object contains specialized parsing routines to recognize elements such as link and script. This parsing code is not applied to children of a child ContentPlaceHolder control. However, there is a workaround for this. If each link and script control uses the runat="server" attribute, then they will be parsed by ContentPlaceHolder as individual HtmlGenericControls. Code can then be written to iterate through each HtmlGenericControl and replace it with the appropriate control type (HtmlLink, HtmlMeta, etc.) after performing attribute mapping.[citation needed]


text:
Talk:Lore of Learning/Stories of Learning

Might be useful to ask for more context.

For example, was the school/ other learning situation well resourced? Where it occurred (e.g. in rural West Africa, etc.).


text:
Lore of Learning/Stories of Learning/Story Template

Story template:

Click on "edit this page" and copy the wiki text that comes up (below this line) as a template.

=(number) Story Title=

Description
Briefly describe your most positive learning experience. Think back to a time when you can say you really learned something. It might have been at school in a particular class, or at university in a particular tutorial, or while you were at work, or busy at home, or with friends in a completely different situation. (one or two short paragraphs)

Motivating Factors
In the story you have just entered above, why did you need to or want to learn those things? Perhaps you were required to as part of a course and you needed the learning to get a qualification? Perhaps the topic was of great interest to you? Perhaps you needed to learn this in order to do something? Please explain why you needed or wanted this learning? (one paragraph)

Factors which made this a positive experience
What factors do you think made this such a positive learning experience? Perhaps it was the presence of a great teacher? Perhaps the other learners were very helpful? Maybe you could sense your own improvement during that time? Perhaps there was a good balance between fun and focused concentration? Perhaps it was having access to the Internet? Or something else altogether? (a list of one - five factors).

Why these factors were important in making the experience so positive
Why do you think these factors were so important at the time? Perhaps your state of knowledge required the great teacher to stimulate interest in the topic? Perhaps the teacher tended to talk over your head but a friend in the class could explain the concepts to you perfectly? Perhaps your self-confidence needed a boost? Perhaps the situation suited your own learning style, etc.? Please indicate why you think these factors were so important at the time: (write a paragraph or two).

Location
This experience occurred while I was at ... indicate which of: [ ] junior school [ ] high school [ ] higher education [ ] a short course [ ] at work [ ] at home Other: ................ (explain)


text:
Belarusian/Lesson 14

Foreign Names in Belarusian
When foreign proper names are written in Belarusian, they are normally transcribed, not transliterated. For example, the name Peter would be written as Пітэр, not Пэтэр, because the first e here stands for a long i sound. Some rules for English sounds that do not exist in Belarusian:

Diphtongues having i as their second element are represented by a vowel+й combination in Belarusian.

Бра́йтан Brighton

Ро́нальд Рэ́йган Ronald Reagan

The ng sound is represented by нг combination.

Да́унінг-стрыт Downing street

The th sound is usually represented by т.

Саутге́мптан Southampton

Плімут Plimouth

However, in most Greek borrowings this sound is represented by ф.

Афiны Athens

Кары́нф Corynth

Марафо́н Marathon

(In tarashkievica т is used in such cases: Атэны Athens, Кары́нт Corynth, Марафо́н Marathon)

The w sound is usually represented by у though sometimes it may be represented by в.

Уiльям William

Уэ́льс Wales

(In tarashkievica short u is usually used, though it breaks the rule that Ў can't precede vowels: Ўiльям William, Ўэ́льс Wales)

In German proper names this phonetical principle is, however, violated.

The ei and eu combinations are represented by эй (ей) though they are read as ай and ой in German.

Альбе́рт Эйнштэ́йн Albert Einstein

Зiгмунд Фрэйд Sigmund Freud

German words with the h sound have the г letter in Belarusian.

Герц Hertz

Гiтлер Hitler

This is not so with English words having this sound.

аэрапо́рт Хiтроу Heathrow airport

хэло́уiн halloween

Adjectives Derived from Nouns
Most nouns have corresponding adjectives. An adjective derived from a noun N usually means "having some relation to N" and thus is similar to the genitive.

Adjectives are usually used to denote a relation to a noun as a concept whereas the genitive would be used to denote a relation to a certain object belonging to the class denoted by this noun.

шко́льны наста́ўнік a school teacher

дырэ́ктар шко́лы the headmaster of the school

царко́ўная літарату́ра church literature

ку́пал царквы́ the dome of the church

Гэ́та жано́чы го́лас. This is a voice of a woman (not of a man).

Гэ́та го́лас той жанчы́ны. This is the voice of that woman.

With nouns denoting unique objects, particularly, with proper names, the adjectives and the genitive are interchangeable.

со́нечны свет = свет Со́нца sunlight = the light of the Sun

ло́нданскі мэр = мэр Ло́ндана the London meyor = the mayor of London

Adjectives are usually derived from nouns with the help of different suffixes. The most common of them is the н suffix.

маро́з frost - маро́зны дзень a frosty day

гара́ a mountain - го́рная краіна a mountainous country

футбо́л football - футбо́льны матч a football match

Note that adjectives formed from nouns ending in л obtain a soft sign to make л soft.

Some other suffixes, that are used less often, include:

 * ов (ёв)

вёска a village - вяско́вы хло́пец a village boy

по́ле a field - палёвая мыш a field mouse

по́шта post; mail - пашто́вая скры́ня a mailbox

 * оўн

пра́ца work - працо́ўны дзень a working day

 * альн

тэа́тр a theatre - тэатра́льная ка́са a theatre desk

 * ск

го́рад a city; a town - гарадска́я пло́шча a town square

мо́ра a sea - марскія хва́лі sea waves

This suffix is used with most geographical names.

Віцебск Vitebsk - віцебскі трамва́й a Vitebsk tram

Украіна Ukraine - украінская мо́ва the Ukrainian language

Note that adjectives derived from proper names are not capitalized in Belarusian.

The Second Conjugation of Verbs
This group includes mainly the verbs ending in ыць or іць. However, a number of verbs having other endings also belong to the second conjugation. Here are the typical endings for the second conjugation.

Proper Names
Write these names in Belarusian.

Sharon Stone

Margatet Thatcher

Joanne Rowling

Winston Churchill

Neville Chamberlaine

George Orwall

Lewis Carroll

Michael Owen

Clue: Шэран Стоун, Маргарэт Тэтчар, Джоан Роулінг, Уінстан Чэрчыль, Нэвіл Чэмбрлен, Джордж Оруэл, Льюіс Кэрал, Майкл Оуэн

Verbs Conjugation
Conjugate these verbs taking note that they belong to the second conjugation:

ма́рыць (dream)

гарэ́ць (burn)

Translation
Translate into Belarusian.

(1) That sea bird is beautiful.

(2) That is the shore (бераг) of the Minsk sea [a water repository to the North of Minsk].

(3) That man is a school techer.

(4) There are three tables here.

(5) They are silent and smoking.

(6) The house is burning.

(7) Here are five church books.

Clue: (1) Тая марская птушка прыгожая. (2) Гэта бераг Мінскага мора. (3) Гэты мужчына - школьны настаўнік. (4) Тут чатыры сталы. (5) Яны маўчаць і кураць. (6) Хата гарыць. (7) Тут пяць царкоўных кніг.

title: Belarusian/Lesson 14


text:
Lore of Learning/Stories of Learning/Stories

My Teacher's Guidance Once I was sitting in the class room with my friend. The class room was empty, we both were alone. I was sitting on the chair of my teacher with a bad position and talking to my friend. Suddenly my teacher entered and sat on the student desks. I hurried and stood up but he said to me sit there and told me that "this is going to be your chair after me. Just wait and do hard work." I went out of the class but these words effected me a lot. Now I never sit on my teacher's chair.


text:
Lore of Learning/Stories of Learning/Stories/(1) Illustration Story 1

=(1) Collaborative Chemistry=

Description
One of my most positive learning experiences occurred in a Chemistry class. The class was required to work on a (titration) problem and then discuss their approaches to solving the problem.Answers varied and learners checked their assumptions and reached a broad consensus on a particular value as the answer.

The teacher was really good at explaining concepts and made the subject extremely exciting. class When writing this section: briefly describe your most positive learning experience. Think back to a time when you can say you really learned something. It might have been at school in a particular class, or at university in a particular tutorial, or while you were at work, or busy at home, or with friends in a completely different situation. (one or two short paragraphs)

Motivating Factors
We were studying a school subject in preparation for public exams, and needed to understand the concepts to pass the exams. I also had a particular fascination for the subject.

Factors which made this a positive experience

 * The teacher's enthusiasm made the subject (chemistry) exciting.
 * Having the opportunity to discuss our thinking with class-mates was really useful. The discussions often continued after class.

Why these factors were important in making the experience so positive

 * Chemistry can be boring if not presented in the right way.
 * I could not always understand what the teachers were trying to get us to understand. Often, having the concept explained by someone else in the class (another learner) worked better.
 * Having realised this, we were all more willing to discuss our understanding of things from various classes - less worried about being accused of copying, or getting other people to do our work for us. As a group, the class became more orientated towards really understanding the work, rather than just getting the homework done.

Level and Location
Indicate which of: [ ] junior school [ ] high school [*] higher education [ ] a short course [ ] at work [ ] at home Other: ................ (explain)

This experience occurred during the early years of high school (age 14). while I was at high school in southern Africa in the early 1980s. The school was well resourced, but no computers or Internet.


text:
User talk:Pangakis

Welcome message
Hello, welcome to Wikibooks!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck!

You might also be interested to read the Cookbook policy page and talk to other Cookbook editors. Webaware talk 11:47, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pangakis


text:
User:Krishta~enwikibooks

This is Krishna Tadepalli. I'm a graduate of Technology with Metallurgical Engineering as major. I'm now working as a software Engineer. --Krishta 11:59, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Krishta~enwikibooks


text:
Talk:Knowledge Patterns

Inspired by Alexander, analysis patterns, design patterns, etc. and moving into other disciplines including education and learning, psychology, physiotherapy, ecology, sport (tactics), etc. ... (more coming soon). Ktucker 12:05, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

There has been a suggestion to merge this into Lore of Learning :

It might be a good idea to include a volume in Lore of Learning oriented towards teaching specific disciplines (at specific levels of education: primary, secondary, tertiary, life-long, ...). The disciplines could be as diverse as the authors that might offer chapters.

Originally, for Knowledge Patterns, I had the following in mind

 * architecture - for me it all started with Alexander after the GoF book:
 * software engineering and architecture (analysis patterns, design patterns, etc.)
 * education - a natural extension
 * psychology
 * ecology.
 * and to free reader/writers to contribute chapters on other disciplines.

I have come across the term "patterns" being used in many other fields (physiotherapy, sports training, choreography, management, etc.).

But note that the focus here is on the structure of the knowledge itself, rather than the process of gaining that knowledge.

title: Talk:Knowledge Patterns


text:
Knowledge Patterns

Knowledge Patterns is the culmination of years of research on knowledge and learning from a patterns point of view.

The book will cover knowledge patterns in the small (i.e. in an individual's mind), and in the large (across many minds).

Inspired by Alexander, analysis patterns, design patterns, etc. and moving into other disciplines including education and learning, psychology, physiotherapy, ecology, sport (tactics), etc. ...

... watch this space ... and participate.

Table of Contents
See /Discuss Structure/ for some ideas.

Writing this Book

 * 1) /Process/
 * 2) /Quotes/ (suggest quotes)
 * 3) /References/ (add to the reading list)

/Acknowledgements/

title: Knowledge Patterns


text:
Knowledge Patterns/Process

Suggested:

 * 1) Identify  Key Contributors
 * 2) /Discuss Structure/ - volumes and chapters
 * 3) /Plan/ the work of the ../Key Contributors/
 * 4) Collect ../Quotes/ and ../References/
 * 5) Collect ../Stories of Learning/ and Case Studies of knowledge transfer via patterns (in and across disciplines)
 * 6) Design ../Figures/ - including ../icons/, ../images/ and ../illustrations/ (on-going)
 * 7) Weave together contributions into volumes
 * 8) When a volume looks to have a solid collection of sections and chapters, drive the process more proactively to complete the volume and publish a "milestone" snapshot.
 * 9) etc. (recursively for each volume, chapter, ...) (on-going).

title: Knowledge Patterns/Process


text:
LaTeX/Introducing Procedural Graphics

In the Importing Graphics chapter, you learned that you can import or link graphics into LaTeX, such as graphics that you have created in another program or obtained elsewhere. In this chapter, you will learn how to create or embed graphics directly in a LaTeX document. The graphics is marked up using commands similar to those for typesetting bold text or creating mathematical formulas, as the following example of embedded graphics shows:

There are several packages supporting the creation of graphics directly in LaTeX, including picture, xy-Pic and PGF/TikZ, described in the following sections.

Compared to WYSIWIG tools like Xfig or Inkscape, this approach is more time consuming but leads to much better results. Furthermore, the output is flawlessly integrated into your document (no contrast in size nor fonts).

See the Importing Graphics for more details on graphics importation and some attempts to circumvent to integration issue.

Overview
The picture environment allows programming pictures directly in LaTeX. On the one hand, there are rather severe constraints, as the slopes of line segments as well as the radii of circles are restricted to a narrow choice of values. On the other hand, the picture environment of LaTeX2e brings with it the \qbezier command, "q" meaning quadratic. Many frequently-used curves such as circles, ellipses, and catenaries can be satisfactorily approximated by quadratic Bézier curves, although this may require some mathematical toil. If a programming language like Java is used to generate \qbezier blocks of LaTeX input files, the picture environment becomes quite powerful.

Although programming pictures directly in LaTeX is severely restricted, and often rather tiresome, there are still reasons for doing so. The documents thus produced are "small" with respect to bytes, and there are no additional graphics files to be dragged along.

Packages like epic, eepic or <tt>pstricks</tt> enhance the original picture environment, and greatly strengthen the graphical power of LaTeX.

While the former two packages just enhance the picture environment, the <tt>pstricks</tt> package has its own drawing environment, <tt>pspicture</tt>. The power of <tt>pstricks</tt> stems from the fact that this package makes extensive use of PostScript possibilities. Unfortunately, it has one big shortcoming: it doesn't work together with pdfLaTeX, as such. To generate a PDF document from TeX source, you have to go from TeX to DVI to PDF, losing hyperlinks, metadata, and microtypographic features of pdflatex in the process.

In addition, numerous packages have been written for specific purposes. One of them is XY-pic, described at the end of this chapter. A wide variety of these packages are described in detail in The LaTeX Graphics Companion (not to be confused with The LaTeX Companion).

Perhaps the most powerful graphical tool related with LaTeX is MetaPost, the twin of Donald E. Knuth’s METAFONT. MetaPost has the very powerful and mathematically sophisticated programming language of METAFONT. Contrary to METAFONT, which generates bitmaps, MetaPost generates encapsulated PostScript files, which can be imported in LaTeX. For an introduction, see A User’s Manual for MetaPost. A very thorough discussion of LaTeX and TEX strategies for graphics (and fonts) can be found in TEX Unbound

The last but certainly not least are the PGF/TikZ and Asymptote systems. While the previous systems (<tt>picture</tt>, <tt>epic</tt>, <tt>pstricks</tt> or <tt>metapost</tt>) focus on the how to draw, TikZ and Asymptote focus more on the what to draw. One could say that TikZ and Asymptote are to drawing in LaTeX as LaTeX is to digital typesetting. It's recommended to use one of these if your LaTeX distribution includes it. TikZ is a pure (La)TeX system, not reliant on external software, while Asymptote is an external system which integrates seamlessly with (La)TeX. If using Asymptote, it is very helpful to use latexmk to manage the compilation steps.

In many cases, especially for more advanced diagrams, it may be easier to draw the graphics using external vector graphics software, and then import the file into the document (see ../Importing Graphics). However, most software does not support LaTeX fonts or mathematical notation, which can result in not suitable and inconsistent graphics. There are several solutions to this problem.

LaTeX/Представљање процедуралних графика

title: LaTeX/Introducing Procedural Graphics


text:
Knowledge Patterns/References

The idea for knowledge patterns came from software design which came from architecture. The patterns concept has been applied in many fields including psychology, music, linguistics, physiotherapy, ... and is ripe for application in others.

Software (analysis, design, architecture, ...) Patterns and Idioms

 * Design Patterns
 * http://java.sun.com/blueprints/patterns/ Java BluePrints and Patterns]
 * Martin Fowler's books - pick out the ones on patterns.

Pedagogical Patterns

 * Practical design patterns for teaching and learning with technology

title: Knowledge Patterns/References


text:
Talk:Knowledge Patterns/References

Embryonic for now.

This is more of a reading list than a references section at this stage.

Please add :-).

title: Talk:Knowledge Patterns/References


text:
Knowledge Patterns/Discuss Structure

The book will cover knowledge patterns in the small (i.e. in an individual's mind), and in the large (i.e. across many minds).

The discussion of the structure of the volumes, chapters, etc. starts here:

title: Knowledge Patterns/Discuss Structure


text:
Talk:Knowledge Patterns/Discuss Structure

Discussion of the discussion ... ok, maybe I should restructure this some time ... maybe July.


text:
Knowledge Patterns/Quotes

Start here: Knowledge at Wikiquote

title: Knowledge Patterns/Quotes


text:
Talk:Knowledge Patterns/Quotes

Start here and select relevant quotes.

title: Talk:Knowledge Patterns/Quotes


text:
User talk:212.85.1.2

Welcome to Wikibooks. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our collection. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 14:34, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:212.85.1.2


text:
User:Wasabe3543~enwikibooks

YLMTIOTOCYTSTWOTDADSFSE.com

title: User:Wasabe3543~enwikibooks


text:
Knowledge Patterns/Acknowledgements

Please add and edit as we go along:

 * Kim Tucker - so far, for starting this book.

title: Knowledge Patterns/Acknowledgements


text:
Knowledge Patterns/Process/Discuss Structure

The book will cover knowledge patterns in the small (in the heads of individuals), and in the large (collective or distributed knowledge).


text:
College Guide/Oberlin College

Oberlin is a very selective private liberal arts college in Oberlin, Ohio.

Admission

 * 34% Acceptance rate
 * Early Decision (November 15)
 * Regular application (January 15)
 * Middle 50% of SAT scores
 * Critical Reading: 650 - 750
 * Math: 620 - 710
 * Writing: N/A
 * ACT Composite Middle 50%: 27 - 31

Admission Factors
Very Important:
 * Secondary school record
 * Class rank
 * Standardized test scores

Important:
 * ../Recommendations/
 * ../Essays/
 * ../Personality/
 * Extracurricular activities
 * ../Talent and Athletics/

Cost and Financial Aid

 * Tuition: $36,500
 * Room and board: $9,280

Location
Oberlin, Ohio, a small town near Cleveland, Ohio.

Sports
NCAA Division III

Campus Life

 * Large performing arts scene.
 * No fraternities or sororities.

Traditions

 * Safer Sex Night
 * Drag Ball
 * Coop Pizza Nights

Contact
173 West Lorain Street Oberlin, OH 44074 (440) 775-8411 www.oberlin.edu

title: College Guide/Oberlin College


text:
What You Should Know About Medicines/Opthalmologic

Quite simply, a medication for administration directly to the eye is an ophthalmic medication. It can be an ointment or liquids.

To successfully administer an ophthalmic medication, one should put a (clean) finger on the skin just below the lower eyelash and pull gently down. This creates a tiny sac that the medication can be dripped or squeezed into. Be careful, if possible, not to touch the tip of the medication to the eye, both to avoid injury to the eye, and to avoid contaminating the medication.


text:
Talk:Introduction to Oceanography/Water - origin and properties

Temperature on the earth is due not only to solar radiation, but also to the earth's atmosphere, which can absorb and hold heat. Compare the temperature of earth to the temperature of Venus, which has 97% carbon dioxide. That high content holds in the heat. It is one of the reasons that Venus is so hot.


text:
WebObjects/Web Services/Instructions for .NET consuming Direct to WebServices

.NET Instructions: To more easily consume these services with .NET, your .NET users need to make a few minor modifications:

• try using the WS client tool inside the VS.Net IDE, do "Add Web Reference", and give it the URL

• manually change all of the references to the name "Class" to "[Class]"

• manually change the inconsistent namespace references from "default" to "http://serveraddress.com" (the address of the server with the service)

Here is the simple method:

Figure out that you manually edit the code generated by the parser. That's normally hidden from view. Specifically, in the IDE, highlight the project name, and select "Project...Show All Files" from the top menu. Then expand the "Web References" tree, then the specific service, then the Reference Map, then edit the  Reference.vb (or .cs if using C#) file.

After you point it to the URL for the WSDL, it grabs the WSDL file, parses it and spews all the code needed to connect. The resulting classes then just become available to your project, same as any other.

If you are still having trouble also try:

After pulling the xml down for dealers and transactions and editing it locally (changing Class to [Class] and default to the ip) I was able to add the reference, but it did not build until I completely removed      from each of the wsdl’s.

FOR WebObjects Users:

.NET doesn't like multiRefs so in the Server.wsdd file change this parameter to false:

--Mat Johnson


text:
WebObjects/Web Services/Testing Services with Terminal

You can test your services using the telnet feature in Terminal. You'll need to know your service address and basic calls.

Open Terminal and type telnet and your server address and port:

telnet 216.139.xxx.xxx 80

Then quickly paste the following text with your service specifics in place of these generic names:

POST /Apps/WebObjects/appName.woa/ws/ServiceName HTTP/1.0 Host: 216.139.xxx.xxx Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 547 SOAPAction: "OperationName"     49464 10

Of course this is just an example but you can get the idea that with the soap wrapper and proper naming you can user terminal for a soap request. The result will appear in the terminal window as well (showing you if your service works and what it returns).


text:
Talk:C++ Programming/Templates

"max" is a horrible use of the template system. Read the Scott Meyers article on it to realize how bad it is. A different template example should be chosen.

"Third, each use of a template may cause the compiler to generate extra code (an instantiation of the template), so the indiscriminate use of templates can lead to code bloat, resulting in excessively large executables." - This is a genuine drawback, but it is expressed incorrectly (or confusingly). Reread the code bloat link. The problem is with a compiler generating all the functions for a type when only some limited number are used. - Willow.

title: Talk:C++ Programming/Templates


text:
What You Should Know About Medicines/Disinhibition

Disinhibition is an odd word. Inhibition is "being inhibited", or being reluctant to do something, for whatever reason. Disinhibition is being less reluctant.

 * Alcohol is the best known drug for disinhibition, where "normal" people who would never think of dancing on tables or making a pass at the boss' wife do so "under the influence".

This is also an important concept in the use of anti-depressant medications, as a rare person will start to feel better, and then commit suicide.


text:
What You Should Know About Medicines/Dementia

Dementia is a word that means the brain is losing its ability to work normally. This is, given the current state of Medicine, essentially permanent, though medications can dramatically slow certain types of dementia down "to a crawl".

There are several types of dementia (like there are several kinds of automobiles), the most common one being Alzheimer's Dementia.


text:
What You Should Know About Medicines/Inflammation

Inflammation is a very common bodily mechanism, usually involved in the repair of damaged tissue. It is a complex phenomenon, where certain molecules are put in the blood stream by the damaged tissue and attracts particular blood cells to the area, which also release their chemicals, causing even more and different blood cells to arrive.

Without inflammation one would not heal a wound.

However, too much inflammation can be a problem as well.

 * An "overuse syndrome" is caused by a person who, for example, goes out the first day of spring and plays tennis for two hours, when they haven't played for months. Their elbow will be "overused", especially to the use it received the day before the tennis game, and the body's reaction will be to try to "heal" it through it's use of inflammation.

 * Certain races can have too much inflammation in wound healing, leading to the formation of a lot of extra skin, called a keloid.


text: User:Xixtas/World at work/Zookeeper

title: User:Xixtas/World at work/Zookeeper


text:
User talk:ChopStick

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

PS: The ants are back. I'll clean a bit tomorrow ;) Mike.lifeguard 06:36, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

First Aid
Look here for stuff to do. Mike.lifeguard 18:50, 30 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:ChopStick


text:
Cookbook:Cuisine of Bosnia and Herzegovina

| European cuisines

 * Ćevapi


text:
Talk:ERP5 Handbook/Getting Started

Workflow

 * 1) I would like to work on Workflow. but section is too small to indicate how the workflow is working. Today, I know how to use Interaction Workflow, ERP5 Workflow and right management depending on state.

title: Talk:ERP5 Handbook/Getting Started


text:
User talk:Ironscity

Welcome message
Hello, welcome to Wikibooks!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck!

You might also be interested to read our Cookbook policy page and talk to other Cookbook editors. Webaware talk 10:19, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ironscity


text:
Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0/An Overview

The .NET Framework 3.0 has been created mainly as an extension of .NET 2.0. Hence, Microsoft assures us that most of the features of .NET 2.0 would be workable with .NET 3.0. Migration from .NET 2.0 to .NET 3.0 is easy as it involves only the upgradation of the features and not a complete installation of the .NET 3.0 framework. Applications written and run in .NET 2.0 will still continue to run in .NET 3.0 without affecting the execution of .NET 3.0 specific applications.'''Components shared with the .NET Framework 2.0 are installed at %windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\V2.0.50727. Components that are new to the .NET Framework 3.0 are installed to %windir%\Microsoft.NET\Framework\V3.0.'''

Released on November 6, 2006, .NET Framework 3.0 was designed to be shipped as an integral part of Windows Vista Operating System and Windows Server 2008. Nevertheless, .NET 3.0 also works fine with Windows XP and Windows Server 2003.

.NET 3.0 does not contain any major architectural change from .NET Framework 2.0. The only significant change is the inclusion of four major components: Windows Communication Foundation, Windows Presentation Foundation, Windows Cardspace and Windows Workflow Foundation. These components contain modules of code in order to reduce complexity and to make programming simpler, faster and easier.

.NET Framework 3.0 includes version 2 of the Common Language Runtime(CLR).

A better idea of the .NET Framework can be obtained by visiting the official .NET 3.0 site www.netfx3.com.You can experience for yourself the features of .NET Framework 3.0 by registering and using Windows Vista simulations at Microsoft .NET 3 Virtual Labs


text:
Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0/Features of IIS 7.0

IIS 7.0 is an extension of IIS 6.0 and has a lot in common with IIS 6.0. While the underlying concepts remain the same various dramatic new concepts have been introduced in IIS 7.0.

Modular Architecture
IIS 7.0 introduces the system of a "modular architecture". A modular architecture is one in which the extra functionality in the form of different modules can be added to the server and could be enabled or disabled depending on the administrator's wish. This is a marked change from the monolithic architecture implemented in earlier systems.

The modules that shall be shipped with the server include:

 * HTTP Modules
 * Security Modules
 * Content Modules
 * Compression Modules
 * Caching Modules
 * Logging and Diagnostics Modules

More Security
In earlier versions of IIS, the ASP.NET web services were executed by aspnet_wp.exe (IIS 5.0) and w3wp.exe (IIS 6.0). Thus the pages were executed outside the IIS and could easily become targets of attacks by spoofers listening at the port. But in IIS 7.0, the pages are compiled and executed within the IIS and even if the hacker gains access to the system the stream of data which comes out of the port appears highly unintelligible and impossible for a hacker or spoofer to break.

Unfortunately, IIS 7.x, like IIS 6.x, is still running in the HTTP.SYS Windows kernel-driver, which Microsoft documents as dangerous:

"when a kernel-mode driver fails, it can crash an entire system, whereas the failure of a user-mode driver causes only the current process to crash. Windows Server can still run kernel-mode drivers, although this is not recommended for the stability reasons mentioned previously."

https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/previous-versions/windows/it-pro/windows-server-2003/cc784266(v=ws.10)

Ports
IIS 7.0 allows the user to select the port where he wants the program or service to run. This is a welcome break from old versions of IIS where all applications would be run at a standard 8080 port making transactions less secure and slowing down execution.

Modules and Handlers
In IIS 6.0, the modules and handlers are specified in the  configuration section. However in IIS 7.0, a new tag  is introduced and the modules and handlers are specified here. This is one of the most important migration issues that must be looked into while migrating from IIS 6.0 to IIS 7.0.

This is done by placing the tags  and  in  tag.

Microsoft Management Console
The Microsoft Management Console (MMC) is a component of modern Microsoft Windows operating systems that provides system administrators and advanced users with a flexible interface through which they may configure and monitor the system


text:
Circuit Idea/Op-amp Inverting RC Integrator

<<< contents - passive version - page stage >>>

How to Transform the Passive RC Integrator into an Active One

(Reinventing the Op-amp Inverting RC Integrator)

Circuit idea: The op-amp compensates the voltage drop across the capacitor adding as much voltage to the input voltage source as it loses across the capacitor.

Speculation: The active version is just an improved passive one
Active RC integrator = passive RC integrator + op-amp + great idea ?

Problem: The capacitor affects the current
The main idea is that in picture we have a constant voltage source, which, across the resistor, will drive a constant current. At the beginning, when the voltage is up, the conductor material will be a support for potential propagation and the voltage will be applied all on capacitor, but the current will be zero. If the capacitance is infinite, there will be no current in resistor, and the resistor will be connected to "wind". When the voltage reach steady state ,as the capacitor between the armature, has a finite resistance, the current will be non zero, and the resistor will be not conected in "wind" but at ground through in-between armature material. The non-zero current will drop a voltage across the resistor, and the output voltage will be the source voltage without the resistance voltage. We can replace the capacitor with a current source, which will be the present disturbance or Norton equivalent voltage source only for discharge time. We prefer the last one. Do not consider the ohmic non linear effects.

Basic non-electrical idea: Removing a disturbance by an "antidisturbance"
Let see the polarity of disturbance in "passive" picture. The current will flow in conventional way from + wire to - wire through capacitor. As we know the output of an op-amp is a voltage source ,but it's input a current source.(Voltage source has small infinite resistance, ideally zero, but in reality fractions of ohms, even ohms).The Norton replacement of current source with voltage source series with a high resistance equal with in-between armature resistance make the op-amp feasible. The polarity in "passive" circuit for C Norton replacement with voltage source will be with + connected to minus of initial voltage source. See this link www.circuit-fantasia.com/circuit_stories/understanding_circuits/current_source/inv_op-amp_current_source/circuit1_1000.jpg

Building the electric circuit
Active RC integrator = passive RC integrator + "helping" voltage source

Building the electronic circuit
Op-amp RC integrator = passive RC integrator + "helping" op-amp

Applications of the op-amp RC integrator
Op-amp RC integrator = op-amp V-to-I converter + I-to-V C integrator

Comparison with other techniques
Deboo integrator.


text:
Introduction to .NET Framework 3.0/Windows PowerShell

Windows PowerShell (codenamed:Monad) is a command-line driven interface (CLI). It is not supplied with older versions of Windows Vista, but it could be used, regardless, in Windows XP, Windows 2003 Server and Windows Vista.

Windows PowerShell is the foundation of the administrative tools for Exchange Server 2007, System Center Virtual Machine Manager 2007 and System Center Operations Manager 2007 where everything is done via command line interfaces and the administrative GUI is layered on top of those commands.

Working
Windows PowerShell works according to a system called "Monadology" according to which the whole earth is composed of metaphysical structures not connected to each other called monads. The "monads" of Windows PowerShell are objects called "cmdlets". Following the failure of Windows Script Host, Microsoft started working on Windows PowerShell as early as 2003. Unlike Windows Script Host, Windows Powershell interacts directly with the shell and is highly secure.

Instead of services which use pipes or streams data in order to communicate with each, Windows Powershell uses object-to-object communication between two cmdlets in different remote machines. A listing of processes will consist not of text describing them, but objects representing them, so that methods can be called on those objects without explicit reference to any outside structure or library.

Windows PowerShell operates within a hosting application (the default is powershell.exe) that exposes a command line to the user and uses a host interface to communicate with the commands invoked by the command line. The hosting application can be a console application, a Windows application, or a Web application. In most cases, the hosting application uses its Main function to interact with the Windows PowerShell runtime through the internal host interface; however, a hosting application can optionally support its own custom host by implementing the PSHost class along with one or more related user interface classes. Together, these classes allow direct communication between the application and Windows PowerShell commands.

Creating a Runspace
The first thing that the hosting application must do in communicating with the Windows PowerShell runtime is to create a runspace, which is the abstraction of the Windows PowerShell runtime used to simplify a user session. To do this, the hosting application calls the CreateRunspace method of the RunspaceFactory class. The runspace itself is represented by a Runspace object. In addition, Windows PowerShell provides the RunspaceConfiguration class to define the configuration of the runspace. Configuration information includes data about commands and Windows PowerShell providers that the hosting application supports, and startup scripts for the runspace. User scripts are not reflected in the runspace configuration. When a runspace is created, a corresponding session is automatically opened, with its state represented by a SessionState object. Session state data includes information about Windows PowerShell paths, Windows PowerShell drives, Windows PowerShell providers, plus cmdlets and other commands that are active during the session.

Opening the Runspace
When the hosting application has created a runspace, it must open the runspace for the type of session that is required. For a session using synchronous I/O, the application can call the Open method. If the application uses asynchronous I/O and must perform other operations while the runspace fulfills a read/write request, it can call the OpenAsync method. If calling OpenAsync, a hosting application defining a custom host will need to support an appropriate callback method to receive I/O notifications.

When the runspace is opened, the hosting application can manipulate the session by creating and invoking pipelines in the runspace, as described in Processing Commands.

The runspace allows the hosting application to manipulate the session with calls to the GetVariable and SetVariable methods of the SessionStateProxy object for the session.

Creating a Pipeline
When the hosting application has accumulated a command sequence from the user, it must form the commands into one or more pipelines, each represented by a Pipeline object for the active runspace.

A command sequence can be made up of multiple nested pipelines, separated by semicolon statement separators. Here's an example of such a sequence.

PS>pqr | bar; a | b

The Windows PowerShell runtime represents this sequence as one pipeline with two nested pipelines, pqr | bar and a | b.

To create its own pipeline, the hosting application calls either the CreatePipeline method or the CreateNestedPipeline method. The application calls CreatePipeline to form an empty pipeline or if it must create a pipeline and populate it with commands. If the application must create a pipeline for a runspace with its current pipeline executing, it must call CreateNestedPipeline.

Starting the Pipeline
Now that its pipeline is set up, the hosting application must start its operation. If the application is using synchronous I/O, it calls the Invoke method, using the variant for either an empty pipeline or a populated one. For asynchronous I/O, the application can call InvokeAsync instead.

Features
The first version contains the following features:
 * A C#-like scripting language with support for hash tables, switch statements which can test on regular expressions, array slicing and anonymous methods (script blocks) which can be stored as data and then later executed. It also provides looping (for/foreach/while), conditional statements (if/switch), variable scoping (global/script/local) and the ability to define functions.
 * Cmdlets inherit certain options, allowing the user to choose things such as the level of interaction and how to deal with errors. Cmdlets which produce side effects support the options  and  .   informs the user what would have happened, but no action takes place.   informs the user what is about to happen and allows the user to control whether it takes place or not.
 * One option for dealing with errors is to invoke a "suspend" feature which allows the user to enter a new command shell, investigate a problem, and resume the original command. The user can define the prompts to be shown in such circumstances.
 * An extensible provider model allows access to and manipulation of the file system and other hierarchical data stores. Some examples: PowerShell comes with a registry provider which allows access to the registry via the "HKLM" and "HKCU" hives; with this, the registry can be browsed by executing commands like "dir HKLM:\SOFTWARE\Microsoft" at the shell prompt. PowerShell comes with providers for the certificate store, the environment, and shell functions and aliases. Like cmdlets, the provider model is extensible, allowing third parties to create their own provider model and plug it into PowerShell.
 * A concept called "execution policies" which allows coarse security constraints to be imposed upon PowerShell script execution. Execution policies define the restrictions under which PowerShell loads configuration files and runs scripts. The four execution policies are Restricted, AllSigned, RemoteSigned, and Unrestricted.
 * Support for the use of script signing to verify the identity of a script publisher and to validate the integrity of a published script using digital signatures.
 * The command-line options are generally whole words, but they can be specified as the minimum number of letters necessary to disambiguate. For example, the option  could be entered as   if no other option begins with 's'.
 * Comprehensive, user-extensible tab completion features. The cmd.exe shell in current versions of Windows can only complete file or directory names, in contrast to the advanced completion in shells such as Bash and zsh.
 * The ability to assign the output of a command to a variable, which will then be an object or array of objects inspectable in any way desired.


text:
User talk:125.238.115.24

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. Webaware talk 13:10, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:125.238.115.24


text:
User:Ms2ger

Please see my commons user page.

title: User:Ms2ger


text:
User talk:DaGizza

Hello DaGizza, welcome to wikibooks! You have been here for a while so you probably don't need the whole "Welcome!" speach, but you have never received a proper welcome (at least not that I can see). If you have any questions at all, you can ask me on my user talk page. Good luck, and happy editing!. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 14:17, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:DaGizza


text: User:CameronHales~enwikibooks

title: User:CameronHales~enwikibooks


text:
Cookbook:Florida Style Crab Cakes

| Southern U.S. cuisine | Seafood recipes

Ingredients

 * 1 teaspoon Florida Bay seasoning (see note)
 * ½ cup mayonnaise
 * 1 egg
 * ½ tablespoon Dijon mustard
 * ¼ teaspoon cayenne
 * 1 tablespoon thinly-sliced chives
 * 1 tablespoon finely-chopped cilantro
 * ½ teaspoon ground coriander
 * Juice of ½ lime
 * White pepper, to taste
 * Salt, to taste
 * ⅓ cup Italian bread crumbs
 * 2 pounds lump crab meat, picked over to remove shell bits and cartilage
 * 2 tablespoons butter

Procedure

 * 1) Combine Florida Bay seasoning, mayonnaise, egg, mustard, cayenne, chives, cilantro, coriander, and lime juice in a large mixing bowl.
 * 2) Season to taste with white pepper and kosher salt.
 * 3) Fold in the bread crumbs and crab meat as gently as possible, trying to avoid breaking up the lumps.
 * 4) Rest mixture in the refrigerator ½ to 2 hours.
 * 5) Divide and shape into 5 patties.
 * 6) Heat butter in a large heavy-bottomed skillet or sauté pan over medium-high heat.
 * 7) Cook the crab cakes in the butter about 2 minutes per side, until golden brown on both sides.
 * 8) Lower heat to medium and cook until the cakes are hot but still moist on the inside, about an additional 3 to 5 minutes per side.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Florida Bay seasoning, also known as Old Florida Bay seasoning and Florida seasoning, may be difficult to find locally. It is available through several Internet-based merchants. Alternatively, you could substitute Old Bay seasoning.

title: Cookbook:Florida Style Crab Cakes


text:
Cookbook:Island Salsa Salad

| Caribbean cuisine

Ingredients

 * ½ cup minced red onion, scalded (see note)
 * 4 small, ripe avocados, peeled and diced
 * 1–2 small serrano chilis (2½ inches long) or ½ small jalapeño chili, seeded and very finely minced
 * 3 tablespoons minced fresh cilantro
 * ½ teaspoon ground cumin
 * 2 teaspoons minced garlic
 * 1½ cups minced jicama
 * 5 tablespoons fresh lime juice
 * 1 small ripe mango, diced
 * 3 tablespoons minced fresh mint
 * 1½ cups minced fresh pineapple (half a small pineapple)
 * ½–¾ teaspoon salt

Procedure

 * 1) Combine the avocados, minced chilis, cilantro, cumin, garlic, jicama, lime juice, mango, mint, pineapple, and salt in a medium-sized bowl. Add the onion.
 * 2) Mix everything together thoroughly but gently.
 * 3) Chill for about 2 hours, tightly covered.
 * 4) Serve.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * To scald the minced onion, pour about a quart of boiling water over the onion in a colander or strainer inside a bowl and let stand while preparing rest of recipe.

title: Cookbook:Island Salsa Salad