text:
Learning the vi Editor/Getting acquainted

Overview
vi is a powerful editor that is ubiquitous amongst Unix and Unix-like operating systems, but is available on many other operating systems, even on MS-DOS, Windows and the Macintosh. If not the original vi, there is usually at least a good clone available that runs on your system. Even if you use another editor you must have a passing knowledge of vi as an administrator. Sometimes vi is the only editor available when your computer crashes leaving a minimal system for you to repair.

vi, pronounced like 'vee eye', was originally written by Bill Joy for BSD Unix in Berkeley in 1976 and became quickly part of many vendor-specific versions of the (at that time) original AT&T Unix. It was later directly added to AT&T's System V Unix, too. Bill Joy later went on to co-found Sun Microsystems, and became the company's Chief Scientist at that time. vi stands for visual and was an enormous improvement of the classic Unix editor called ed. ed is a line-editor. If you are still familiar with MS-DOS, then you may know the MS-DOS edlin editor. ed is similar, although more powerful than edlin, which doesn't mean much.

vi also has a line-mode, called ex. In fact, one can argue that the program is indeed two editors in one, one editor called vi, another called ex. It is possible to switch between line and visual mode during editing. It is also possible to choose the mode during startup. However, pure usage of ex is rare. The visual mode is the prevailing mode.

Although vi stands for visual, classic vi is mainly operated via the character keys, and not via the mouse or the cursor keys. Once you are used to this, it becomes extremely convenient, because there is less movement of the hands to the cursor keys or mouse involved.

vi also served as a kind of incubator for Unix's terminal control capabilities. Because of vi's need to control the terminal and the many different types of terminals at that time, the termcap (terminal-capabilities) database was introduced (later replaced with the more flexible terminfo database). vi's internal high-level screen control library was later separated, and became curses - the Unix standard library for CRT screen handling.

Conventions
unix-command(section)
 * Sometimes references to Unix commands are used in this book. On first occurrence such a name of a command is written in the typical Unix style. This style consists of the command's name followed by the section of the manual pages in which the command description can be found, in brackets. E.g. sed(1) refers to Unix's sed command which is usually documented in section 1 of the Unix manual pages (sed is the Unix stream editor; a tool for manipulating text without user interaction).

Getting vi if you don't have it already
If you're running a Unix system, or a Unix-like system (for simplicity from now on we will refer to both as a "Unix system"), such as a BSD or Linux distribution, or even Mac OS X, you're sure to have vi or one of its variants on your system.

If you're running Windows, you can get a version of vi called "vim" or "elvis". If you're on an older Mac OS (pre-OS X) system, you can get MacVim Classic here.

Noted vi variants
As mentioned, vi has a number of variants. They have been created because vi was only available on rather expensive Unix operating systems. Although vi itself, as well as nvi, was created in Berkeley for the free BSD Unix variant, usage of BSD Unix required an original AT&T Unix license (this has later changed, see below). Original vi, for example, used code from AT&T's ed(1) editor.

Over time, BSD replaced much of the original AT&T code up to the point where today there is no such code any more in BSD, and an original Unix license is no longer needed. As part of the effort to replace all AT&T code in BSD, Keith Bostic undertook the work to create a clone of vi that was free of AT&T code, called nvi. nvi then became BSD's standard vi instead of the original vi. Another vi clone is Elvis, which was written by Steve Kirkendal.

Over time, nvi was enhanced – for example, supporting multiple windows – but originally it was not supposed to be an enhancement, 'just' a pure clone.

BSD's original vi (with the ed code inside) lives on as the vi which is distributed with System V Unix, because AT&T decided a long time ago to take it from BSD and add it to the official Unix. Of course AT&T didn't have a problem with an AT&T Unix license, so they probably never replaced the ed code inside the original vi.

Yet, some find nvi still to be too minimal, and so vim was born. vim (vi-improved), is another effort to extend vi's capabilities. Unlike nvi, vim goes even further to extend vi's capabilities. However some find that vim is often too much. vim comes in two variants, a text-only version, and a GUI version, the latter is called gvim.

Other vi clones are the already mentioned elvis and stevie. These clones were born in the CP/M and home computer area to bring the editor to these platforms, too. Of course, they were later ported to MS-DOS and Windows. These days, however, vim seems to be the prevailing vi-clone on free/open platforms and proprietary platforms as well.

You should choose the version you feel most comfortable with – if you have an editor you feel displeased with, it will affect your productivity.

Starting the editor
If you are running a Unix system, you can start up vi by typing

vi

at the command line. If you are running X, with a desktop like GNOME, KDE, CDE/Motif or OpenLook you may have a launcher button handy to start the editor - if you have such a setup, you can just click the icon.

If you are running Windows or DOS with elvis, you can start up the Windows editor by double-clicking "winelvis.exe", or in DOS, you can start the editor by typing in "elvis" at the command line.

You will be greeted with a screen similar to:

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ "No File"

Quitting the editor
To quit for now, press the Escape key (the editor should beep), then enter the three characters and press Return:

Just before you type the final the screen will look similar to

~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ :q!

is the short form of which quits the editor, without saving.

You should be dropped back to your operating system (or, rather, the shell from where you started).

There are other ways to quit, e.g. pressing  will save any unsaved work and quit the editor. Typing will always save, even if there are no unsaved changes, and then quit the editor. will write if there are no unsaved changes, and it will quit. and requires that you had previously provided a file name, so it will not work for the above simple example. Typing will quit if there have been no changes made; if changes have been made, vi will print a warning similar to "No write since last change".

Don't worry
Many first time vi users stop at this point, and never touch vi again. If you tried to enter some text after you started, you will most likely have been greeted with a series of beeps and rather erratic behavior. Don't worry. This is perfectly normal for vi, and the editor is not broken. You will soon see why this is normal vi behaviour.

Continue
Now that you know how to start the editor and quit it, let's move on to getting things done in vi: see Learning the vi Editor/Basic tasks


text:
Learning the vi Editor/Basic tasks

Now that we know how to invoke the editor and quit it, we can get acquainted with how to use the editor.

Alternatively, you can use the ViM tutor which comes with many modern vim distributions. It contains, essentially the same information as the text below. You can invoke the tutor by entering vimtutor at your shell.

Vi is a modal editor
The vi editor can do two things:
 * accept a command, such as deleting a line
 * accept text, written by you

In the vi editor, each of these tasks is achieved by putting the editor into a particular mode of operation (normally just called a mode). When you wish to give vi a command, you enter command mode, and when you want to enter text, you enter insert mode. We'll cover how to do this below.

It is important to set the correct mode before you begin writing, but this is simple to do. When you first start vi, it is automatically in command mode.

Entering text
Entering text is the most basic task an editor can do! From command mode (in which the editor starts), press  to enter insert mode, and you can begin typing. You can use the backspace key to correct mistakes you make. If you make a mistake after a few sentences, leave these errors for now, we will look at correcting them later. To leave insert mode once you're done typing, and return to command mode, press the Escape key on your keyboard (or type Control-[).

Exercise
Let's have an exercise:

 * 1) Start the editor.
 * 2) Enter insert mode.
 * 3) Type some text
 * 4) Return to command mode.
 * 5) Quit the editor.

Solution

 * 1) We can start the editor as in the previous section.
 * 2) Since the editor starts in command mode, we must press the  key before we can start typing.
 * 3) You can make some text up yourself!
 * 4) Press the  key.
 * 5) If you want to quit the editor, you need to be in command mode. Since pressing Escape puts you in command mode, you can just use the method in the previous section to exit: type

Command mode
Command mode allows you to perform many useful tasks within vi.

Moving around
Say you have been writing for some time, and have forgotten something. Pressing, erasing previous work is not the best solution! We would like to move around the document freely, moving the cursor.

Exercise
You can repeat this exercise with your own sentences. Make sure you are proficient doing this before you continue.

 * 1) Start the editor.
 * 2) Enter the text: "The quick fox jumps over the dog"
 * 3) Insert the word "brown" between "quick" and "fox".
 * 4) Insert the word "lazy" between "the" and "dog".
 * 5) Quit the editor.

Solution

 * 1) Use the method in the previous section.
 * 2) Press, then enter   normally.
 * 3) Press, then press  until the cursor is at the letter "f" of "fox". Press , and then type "brown ".
 * 4) Press, then press  until the cursor is at the letter "d". Press , and then type "lazy ".
 * 5) Press  again, then type.

More on movement
Using,  ,  , and   is ok, but vi understands more than rows and columns. These are some commands that move by text objects:
 * moves forward to the beginning of the next word.
 * moves backwards to the beginning of the previous word.
 * and  move by sentences, either backward or forward.
 * and  move by paragraphs.

Deleting things
If you have made a mistake after a few lines, for instance, pressing Backspace until you have erased the mistake and starting again isn't always the best solution. We need a method of deleting mistakes that happen in the normal course of editing.

vi allows you several methods of deleting text, based on how much you want to remove. Now that you are familiar with moving around, once you've moved the cursor to where your error is:
 * the  key deletes one character
 * pressing  deletes one word.
 * pressing  deletes one line

Exercise
From now on, we will omit the steps for you to start and quit the editor – you should be already familiar with those.

 * 1) Enter the following text:
 * 2) Change the word "Sad" to "Had".
 * 3) Add an apostrophe after "wouldn".
 * 4) Delete the extra "ever".
 * 5) Delete the line.

Solution

 * 1) Type the text normally. (You should already be familiar with entering insert mode and leaving it.)
 * 2) Enter command mode, use   to move to the start of the line, and then press   to delete the "S". Press   to enter insert mode, insert the "H", then leave insert mode by pressing Escape.
 * 3) Now position the cursor on the t, and press   to enter insert mode, type the " ' ". Leave insert mode by pressing escape.
 * 4) Position the cursor over the first "e" in the word "ever" (choose whichever one you like). Type   to delete the word.
 * 5) Type   to remove the entire line.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Learning the vi Editor/Basic tasks


text: Waves/1D Terminology

title: Waves/1D Terminology


text:
Waves/Waves in One Dimension

The Mathematics Of Waves
We start our discussion of waves by taking the equation for a very simple wave and describing its characteristics. The basic equation for such a wave is

 * $$y=a\ \sin \left(\frac{2\pi x}{\lambda} - 2\pi ft +\alpha \right)$$

where $$y$$ is the height of the wave at position $$x$$ and time $$t$$. This equation describes a fairly simple wave, but most complex waves are just sums of simpler ones. If we freeze this equation in time at $$t=0$$, we get

 * $$y=a\ \sin \left(\frac{2\pi x}{\lambda} +\alpha \right)$$

which looks like this: [TODO - Add a Graph]

From the graph we can see that each of the three parameters has a meaning. $$a$$ is the amplitude of the wave, how high it is. $$\lambda$$ is the wavelength, the distance from a part of the wave in one cycle to the same part of the wave in the next cycle. $$\alpha$$ is the phase of the wave, which shifts the wave to the left or right. The wavelength is a distance, and is usually measured in meters, millimeters or even nanometers depending on the wave. Phase is an angle, measured in radians.

Now that we have mapped out the wave in space, let's instead set $$x=0$$ and see how the wave changes over time

 * $$y=a\ \sin(- 2\pi ft +\alpha)$$

Amplitude $$a$$ and phase $$\alpha$$ remain, but the wavelength is gone and a new quantity has appeared: $$f$$, which is the frequency, or how rapidly the wave moves up and down. Frequency is measured in units of inverse time: in a fixed period of time, how many times does the wave move up and down? The unit usually used for this is the hertz, or inverse second.

Now let's combine these two pictures and see how the wave moves. Figure 3 is a diagram of how the wave looks when you plot it in both space and time. The straight lines are the places where the simple wave reaches a maximum, minimum, or zero (where it crosses the x axis).

We can look at the zeros to determine the phase velocity of the wave. The phase velocity is how fast a part of the wave moves. We can think of it as the speed of the wave, but for more complicated waves it is only one type of speed - more on that in later sections.

We can get an equation for the zeros by setting our equation to zero.

 * $$0=a\ \sin \left(\frac{2\pi x}{\lambda} - 2\pi ft +\alpha \right)$$

 * $$0=\frac{2\pi x}{\lambda} - 2\pi ft +\alpha$$

 * $$x = f \lambda t - \frac{\alpha \lambda}{2 \pi}$$

You see here that we have the equation for a straight line, describing a point that is moving at velocity $$f\lambda$$. This gives us the equation for the phase velocity of the wave, which is

 * $$\mbox{velocity}=\mbox{frequency} \times \mbox{wavelength} \quad v=f\lambda$$

title: Waves/Waves in One Dimension


text:
User talk:Flonejek

Physics
Thanks for you work on the physics page. I have deleted you link to a Peter Stansburys notes. These are not for public consumption, they restricted for use only by the students at Christ Church Grammar School. Additionally any posting of the password and username OR copying of any section without the authors permission is prohibited. Feel Free to contact me to discuss this --CCGS 03:19, 6 April 2007 (UTC)

Freeware
I apreciate your work on Freeware, especialy the tables/graphics. Maybe you would like to comment on my new project, Wikisolutions and maybe contribute. It should be nice to have tables and pictures for solutions, and make it to look nicer. Moa3333 21:45, 18 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Image copyright
Thanks for uploading images on Wikibooks. However, the images may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikibooks because of copyright law (see Wikibooks' Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikibooks are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on all images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information or giving false information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, ask them at the Staff lounge. Thank you.--Az1568(Talk) 07:09, 20 January 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Flonejek


text:
Compiler Construction

Chapters

 * About the Book
 * Introducing Compilers and Interpreters
 * Describing a Programming Language
 * Lexical analysis
 * Case Study 1 - a simple Interpreter
 * Syntax Analysis
 * Case Study 1B - a Compiler/Interpreter front-end written in C using Lex and Yacc
 * /A recipe for writing a reusable grammar/
 * Semantic Analysis
 * Intermediate Representation
 * Dealing with errors
 * Optimization
 * Code Generation
 * Run-time Considerations
 * Known Languages Conceptual Implementations
 * Glossary
 * External Links
 * References

Appendices
The following are Java code referenced in the book.
 * State.java
 * TestState.java

Costruzione di un compilatore

title: Compiler Construction


text:
Compiler Construction/Code Generation

Code Generation
A compiler usually is designed to output an executable program that will allow the user to run your program, and to be directly run by the processor, without having an intermediary interpreter such as in the interpretation process. For your program to be run by the processor however, you will need to transform the instructions in your specific programming language into assembler code, which is then sent to an assembler tool to create object code, which is then linked together with specific libraries to create your executable code. For now, we only really need to worry about transforming the instructions into assembler code. This process is what we will deal with in this section. You will need to be well versed in the assembler language you wish to output. If you intend your programs to run on the x86 architecture, you need to be familiar with x86 assembler code, and so on.

Code generation occurs after semantic analysis is done, which gives us enough information to generate more primitive concrete code. The general idea behind code generation is decompose the tree structure of the syntax tree into a sequence of instructions, whatever an instruction set is. In this stage, since we are done with the semantic program, we are not interested in the syntactic and semantic structure of programs but in the order of executions of instructions.

Some sort of intermediate code is often produced before generating actual machine code. The benefits of this are

 * 1) it is easier to generate more abstract code, not bothering too much about things like register allocations,
 * 2) optimization independent to machine architecture can be done and
 * 3) compiler bugs can be spotted more easily.

However, it may be simpler for your program to output assembler code directly, but you lose the above advantages. See the next section for more techniques on this.

In this chapter, we shall use the three address format to represent intermediate code. The format is useful because it is analogous to actual machine instructions in some architectures and, more importantly, allows us to easily change the execution order of instructions, which is a huge advantage over stack-based intermediate code like the byte code of Java.

Although it is not a complex problem to reuse names after they have already been used, it is actually beneficial to allocate a new name every time one is needed because it allows us to form a call graph and optimize easily as we will see later. For this reason, we only briefly mention the methods to reuse names. You can find more on the optimization of allocation of names in optimization chapter.

The three address code, as the name suggests, consist of three address and opcode, which tells what kind of operation is meant to be done. For example, an expression (a + b) * 3 can be transformed into:

temp1 := a + b; temp2 := temp1 * 3

In the first line, temp1, a and b are addresses and + is an opcode, and the second line is similar to the first one. Unlike load-store machines, it is unnecessary to load variables to registers and store them back. You see why the three address code is easy to handle.

Choosing portable, flexible and expressive instructions is critical; Not having enough instructions can complicate generated code with the combination of several instructions to achieve one operation and having too much may obviously make maintenance more daunting task. Probably the best way to do this is to examine existing machine code. It is more straightforward to transform code close to underlying machine code than abstract one.

Expression
Algebraic expressions can be translated into the three address code in a very straightforward manner. This can be done rather recursively as follows: Assume two expressions left and right with an operation op-code, then the results should be:

code for left code for right temp = place for left + place for right

Control Structures
The general idea behind generating code for control structures is the same as coding in assembly programming. That is, an if statement, for instance, is converted into a chunk of code using conditional and unconditional jumps.

Assembler language techniques
If the output of your compiler is assembly language code, it is necessary to understand the basic techniques of assembly language programming. Most programming languages do not map easily to most assembler languages, so some techniques or skills may need to be understood before attempting to write code that will output assembler code. These techniques are not intended to create highly optimized code - you will learn optimizing techniques later - but are intended to make sure you have a good understanding of how data and instructions are managed in the process of compiler construction.

Managing variables
Many programs use hundreds of different variables (not counting arrays).

Most computer architectures give you less than 32 registers (MIPS architecture and ARM give nearly 32 pointer registers; i386 gives only about 4 pointer registers; PIC microcontroller only has 1 pointer register).

Since we can't squeeze 100 different variables into even 32 processor registers, we must use memory for storing most variables.

We will start by storing practically all variables in memory. Later we will cover optimizing techniques that try to keep as many variables as possible in the processor registers.

Labeling
The assembler tool that you are using may reserve the names of the mnemonics. For example, your assembler may not allow a variable named add, since this is reserved for the instruction to add.

In this case, it may be important to use a prefix for your variable labels. Some compilers use a single underscore, but you can choose whichever you wish.

title: Compiler Construction/Code Generation


text:
Wikibooks:Humanities bookshelf

The Humanities subject area contains those texts that relate to the study of people and the techniques they use to organize and study human effort, both individual and collective.

Philosophy

 * Buddhist Philosophy
 * Constructivist Theories in Education
 * Effective Reasoning
 * Feminism
 * Formal Logic
 * Habermas Commentary
 * African Philosophy of Science
 * Introduction to Indonesian Philosophy
 * Introduction to Philosophical Logic
 * Introduction to Philosophy [[image:25%.svg]]
 * Introduction to Moral Reasoning
 * A Lecture on the Limits of Human Knowledge
 * Marxism, Communism, and Socialism
 * Nature
 * Political Philosophy: Ancient to Renaissance
 * Systems Of Logic
 * Thinking And Moral Problems
 * Utopia

Theology and general studies of religion

 * Developing A Universal Religion
 * Introduction to Moral Reasoning
 * Philosophy of Religion
 * Comparative Religion
 * Descriptive Religion

Christianity

 * Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book
 * Christianity
 * Christian Theology [[image:25%.svg]]
 * The Gospel of John
 * The Pagan Beliefs Surrounding Christmas
 * Topical Bible Study Reference Tool
 * The Ten Commandments

Islam

 * Natural or science-oriented Islam:
 * Koranic Law of Nature
 * Islam Way of Life
 * Quranic Supplications
 * Spiritual-oriented Islam:
 * Islam Way of Life/Practising Islam
 * Community-oriented Islam:
 * Islam/Legislation
 * Islam/Civilization
 * History of Islam
 * History of Islamic Civilization

Hinduism

 * Hinduism

Sects

 * Advaitam
 * Shaiva
 * Shaiva Siddhantham
 * Veera Shaivism
 * Shree Vaishnava
 * Dvaitam
 * Vishistadvaitam
 * Veera Vaishnavism
 * Shaktha
 * Gana
 * Kaumara

Other major and influential religions

 * Animism
 * Bahá'í Faith
 * Buddhism
 * Buddhism Manual of Practice
 * Jainism
 * Judaism
 * Sikhism
 * Taoism
 * Ayyavazhi

Miscellaneous religions

 * Vodun (Voodooism)
 * Mysticism:
 * Sufism

Mythology

 * Mythology
 * Greek Mythology

Other books

 * Future (meant to include futurology sometime in the future)
 * Futurology
 * Intelligence Intensification [[image:25%.svg]]
 * Issue Guide
 * Mass Media
 * Personality Type (Myers-Briggs)
 * On Comedy
 * Open Culture [[image:25%.svg]]

title: Wikibooks:Humanities bookshelf


text:
Macroeconomics/Contents

Introduction
This textbook concerns the wonderful world of macroeconomics, or economics on a very large scale, concerning national and international systems. It is primarily aimed at students in their final few years of secondary education, though it could also be used by interested students younger or older than that. Having a background knowledge of economics would be useful, but grasping overall concepts should not require an in depth previous knowledge.

It is worth remembering that this textbook can be edited at any time, with the link at the top of this page. This is both good and bad - you yourself, having spotted a mistake or having noticed a poor definition, can correct it and should feel free to do so. The bad side is that anyone can edit it, so content may be inaccurate whilst the wikibook is in its infancy!

Proposed Change
Advanced topics Further chapters later
 * 1) Economics - Introduction to economics
 * 2) Market Economics - Basics of market economics, resources, and production possibilities
 * 3) Supply and Demand - Supply and Demand for single products
 * 4) Measuring Domestic Output - Gross Domestic Product and other indicators
 * 5) Open Economies - International trade
 * 6) Business Cycle - Basics of unemployment, inflation, and economic growth
 * 7) Aggregate Expenditures - Consumption, Investment, Government spending, and Exports
 * 8) Aggregate Supply and Demand - Basics of how an entire economy functions
 * 9) Fiscal Policy
 * 10) Money - How money is created and why it works
 * 11) Monetary Policy
 * 12) Government Finances
 * 1) Math Review
 * 2) Keynsian Demand-side Economics and Multipliers
 * 3) Optimal Growth
 * 4) Harrod-Johnson Diagram

Useful Background Reading
The following links will lead you to Wikipedia, the online encyclopedia similar in style to this site. The information in these articles may go above and beyond that which you need to know for this book, though they will undoubtedly prove useful to refer back to from time to time, and are good portals to more relevant articles.

 * Economics
 * Supply and Demand
 * List of economists
 * List of economics topics
 * Category:Economics

The following links take you to useful websites for learning, revising or expanding your knowledge:

 * Aplia - homework and assessment software for economics students
 * Economics at About.com
 * New Economics Foundation - encourage sustainable economic growth, and consider sustainable economic welfare
 * s-cool - basic notes and a little outdated now
 * Online learning materials in Economics catalogued by the UK's national Economics Network at the University of Bristol

For contributors
Any and all corrections, additions, alterations etc. are always welcome! If you wish some credit for your work, stick your name below :

title: Macroeconomics/Contents


text:
Talk:Learning the vi Editor/Getting acquainted

What about windows versions of vi? Sorry... I said the evil 'w' word didn't I? hehehe

I've used one called 'lemmy' which is quite good. (Not free, but there's a shareware demo) http://www.softwareonline.org/lemmy44.html nojer2 - 19th Feb 2004

 * I did say "If you're running Windows, you can get a version of vi called "elvis"" :) That's what I use, on Windows. But I don't want to put shareware software in otherwise it'll look too much like advertising however. Dysprosia 23:25, 19 Feb 2004 (UTC)

vim also runs in windows, while we're at it. Also, shouldn't we wait until the end of the page to point them ahead? i.e., put "Basic Tasks" after "Getting Help"?--Silverel 15:17, 21 Mar 2004 (UTC)


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Welcome to the web's free, open content textbook of = Personality Type and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator =

 * /Introduction/
 * /Dimensions/
 * /Extraversion/ vs. /Introversion/
 * /Sensing/ vs. Intuition
 * /Thinking/ vs. /Feeling/
 * /Judging/ vs. /Perceiving/
 * /Temperaments/
 * SJ, "The Traditionalist"
 * SP, "The Experiencer"
 * NF, "The Idealist"
 * NT, "The Conceptualizer"
 * /Types/
 * {| border="1" style="text-align: center"

 * /ISTJ/
 * /ISFJ/
 * /INFJ/
 * /INTJ/
 * /ISTP/
 * /ISFP/
 * /INFP/
 * /INTP/
 * /ESTP/
 * /ESFP/
 * /ENFP/
 * /ENTP/
 * /ESTJ/
 * /ESFJ/
 * /ENFJ/
 * /ENTJ/
 * }
 * /ENFJ/
 * /ENTJ/
 * }

 * /QuickTyping/
 * /At work/

 * /Criticisms/
 * /Further reading/

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Introduction

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is the name of a personality test designed to assess psychological type. It was developed by Katherine Briggs and her daughter Isabel Myers during World War II. The use of type follows from the theories of Carl Jung. The phrase is also sometimes used as a trademark of CPP Inc., formerly known as Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc. The trademark is owned by the Myers Briggs Type Indicator Trust, and when used as a trademark it must include a registered trademark symbol after the name: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator® or MBTI®.

There are a few widely used ways of interpreting the results: Jung-like methods, Keirsey-like methods, and popular psychology methods.

The MBTI is popular with recruiters and managers, because studies using this assessment show clusters of different personality types in different professions. For instance, the proportion of engineers who are ../INTJ/ is higher than the 1% found in the general population.

There are significant differences by sex, especially on the T vs. F distribution.

Proponents of the system claim that almost all arguments between people tend to be manifestations of a type conflict (e.g., E vs. I, S vs. N, T vs. F, J vs. P). The P-J conflict is said to be the clearest: one person gets mad when the rules are broken and the other gets mad when rules are made.

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is perhaps the world's most popular personality type description tool. Since its inception, many people have turned to the MBTI® for a deeper understanding of themselves and others.

This MBTI textbook is designed to bring together general knowledge about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and make it available for understanding and application for individuals and groups, for personal and professional lives.


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Dimensions

The Myers-Briggs test describes four basic areas of personality:
 * 1) ../Extraversion/ vs. ../Introversion/ (E vs. I) describes how a person gets energized
 * 2) ../Sensing/ vs. Intuition (S vs. N) describes how a person takes in information
 * 3) ../Thinking/ vs. ../Feeling/ (T vs. F) describes the means a person uses to make decisions
 * 4) ../Judging/ vs. ../Perceiving/ (J vs. P) describes the speed with which a person makes decisions

 * Extroverts appear outgoing and are energized by people, and are very effective in pursuits that involve other people. Extroverts tend to be sensation-seeking, spontaneous, and gregarious. They enjoy crowds, noise, and stimulation. Extroverts also tend to have more sexual partners in the course of their life than Introverts, though this isn't to say that all Extroverts are more promiscuous than all Introverts.
 * Introverts are rested and energized by solitude, and are very effective in solitary pursuits. An introvert is a person who prefers to process thoughts internally. Introverts tend to think before they speak. The word is also used informally to refer to somebody who prefers solitary activities to social ones, which is more of a behavioural than cognitive definition. Introverts tend to be seen as quiet and reserved, which is often confused with a lack of confidence by louder, more extroverted people. They often perform well in analytical roles that require intelligence or logic, but place less emphasis on social interactions and "people skills". Introverts are usually a minority in the general population, and they can often be sidelined by culture or society, which in many cases favours the more common extroverted style of behaviour.

 * Sensors want, trust, and remember facts, and usually describe themselves as "practical". For a Sensor, intuition is untrustworthy and might seem like mental static. Sensation as a perceiving mode of consciousness focuses on heightening reality. Guardians share the combination SJ, while Artisans share the combination SP.
 * Intuitives prefer metaphor, analogy, and logic, and tend to reason from first principles and hunches. While Sensors pride themselves on living in the real world, Intuitives pride themselves on seeing possibilities. This can cause conflict. Intuition as a perceiving mode of consciousness filters experience through the unconscious mind. Intuition focuses on possibilities rather than realities. Idealists share the combination NF, while Rationals share the combination NT.

 * Thinkers use impersonal means of reasoning: logic and verifiable experience.
 * Feelers prefer personal reasoning: value judgements and emotions. Thinkers often find Feelers muddle-headed. Feelers often find Thinkers cold and inhuman.

 * Judgers prefer to come to decisions, and move on. They may feel betrayed if a decision is "reopened". They are prone to hastiness, but get things done.
 * Perceivers prefer to leave their options open to perceive new possibilities and processes as long as possible. They tend to mourn opportunities lost to premature decisions. They are prone to analysis paralysis, but rarely make permanent mistakes.

It is important to keep in mind that each dimension reveals a person's inborn preference with how he or she is most comfortable operating, and does not say that any person will always retain his preferred dimension.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Dimensions


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Types

There are sixteen "types":

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Types


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Temperaments

There are four temperaments: SJ, SP, NT, and NF.

SJ
Sensing judgers, or traditionalists, are practical people that keep the home fires burning and businesses working. They're always aware of who owns what and which social positions are held by whom. Their quest is to run everything, and they are often good at doing so.

SP
Sensing perceivers, or experiencers, are adventurous, fun-loving, observant, physically skillful, impatient, easily bored, and good with tools and art. They want to be happy and make others happy too.

NT
Intuitive thinkers, or conceptualizers, are analytical, impersonal, intellectual, rather unworldly, absent-minded, and are more likely to forget appointments. They continually seek to acquire new skills and pride themselves on their skills, logic, and efficiency.

NF
Intuitive feelers, or idealists, understand people and tend to be aware of people's feelings. They can be warm, sympathetic friends, but find offense in the smallest careless remark. They tend to be very skillful negotiators and good with words.


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Criticisms

The MBTI is not yet scientifically proven
Skeptics, including many psychologists, argue that the MBTI has not been validated by double-blind tests (in which participants accept reports written for other participants, and are asked whether or not the report suits them) and thus does not qualify as a scientific assessment. Some even demonstrate that profiles can apparently seem to fit any person by confirmation bias, ambiguity of basic terms. and the Byzantine complexity that allows any kind of behavior to fit any personality type.

See this extensive skeptical treatment of the subject.

A Temptation to Pigeonhole
Another argument says that, while the MBTI is useful in self-understanding, it is commonly used to pigeonhole people or for self-pigeonholing. Supporting arguments include:
 * It emphasizes each person being one specific type rather than each person using a certain type of thinking most of the time.
 * Real people often do not fit easily into one of sixteen types because they use different styles of thinking at different times. This is why there have been questions about answering the indicator (like "do I answer the indicator according to how I act at work or at home"). This is also why some people have trouble finding a type that really "fits" them.
 * Predicting how a person will react based on a personality test that only measures their predominant style of thinking is foolish. Excusing your own bad or inefficient behavior based on such a test is also foolish.
 * A category from one individual can not easily be related to others, since different amplitudes of the answers to the 2D-questions may generate the same type. Hence, a person of a e.g. non-emotional (i.e. thinker) category may have stronger emotionality than another person categorized as a thinker.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Criticisms


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Further reading

In print

 * It Takes All Types: The Guide for Finding a Job, Changing Careers, and Understanding Yourself at Work by John J. Arnopp ISBN 1410760227
 * Type Talk by Janet M. Thuesen and Otto Kroeger ISBN 0440507049
 * Do What You Are: Discover the Perfect Career for You Through the Secrets of Personality Type by Paul D. Tieger and Barbara Barron-Tieger ISBN 0316880655
 * Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type by Isabel Briggs Myers and Peter B. Myers ISBN 089106074X
 * The Art of Speed Reading People by Paul D. Tieger and Barbara Barron-Tieger ISBN 0316845183
 * YOU: Being More Effective In Your MBTI(R) Type by Roger R. Pearman, Michael M. Lombardo, and Robert W. Eichinger ISBN 0974589284
 * I'm Not Crazy I'm Just Not You: The Real Meaning of the Sixteen Personality Types by Roger R. Pearman and Sarah C. Albritton. ISBN 0891060960

On the web

 * The Association For Psychological Type
 * Howard's Personality Types Page
 * Keirsey Temperament and Character Web Site
 * MyersBriggs.org


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISTJ

The Introverted Sensor Thinker Judger is a traditionally masculine personality type, detached, unexpressive, concrete, and not given to speculation.

Real

 * George H.W. Bush
 * Jeb Bush
 * Angela Merkel
 * Harry Truman
 * George Washington

Fictional

 * Chaol Westfall (Throne of Glass)
 * Grand Moff Tarkin (Star Wars)
 * Dwight Schrute (The Office)
 * Manny (Ice Age)
 * Soichiro Yagami (Death Note)
 * Susan Pevensie (The Chronicles of Narnia)
 * Katniss Everdeen (The Hunger Games)

Working with an ISTJ
ISTJ's are detail people. You will mostly find them in technical service industries, including medical fields, accounting, police work, engineering, office managers, and so forth. They are keen sensors of their environments; tastes, smells, noise levels. They often prefer a quiet work environment, where they can concentrate and focus on the task at hand. They work slowly and methodically, and don't like to be rushed. They can be focused on keeping structure in order and feel most comfortable when everyone is doing what they are supposed to be doing. ISTJ's value their personal privacy, and like to remain professional. Due to their discreet and reserved nature, others may see them as snobbish or uptight. Often times they remain anonymous for achievements they have accomplished. They may be upset with people who don't follow the rules, honor their promises, or follow through, but may not say so publicly. Traits they may value among fellow coworkers are loyalty, friendliness, and a strong work ethic. They are usually willing to lend their help to others in need if they have time.

ISTJs in relationships
ISTJ Relationships in the general sense are regarded as of high importance, and are expected to be of same value to associates.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISTJ


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ENFP

ENFPs are outgoing and talkative types who often have many diverse friends. They are naturally irreverent, curious, good with words, creative, and even a bit artsy. They favor abstraction over detail and tend to flit from one activity to the next, deriving more pleasure from starting projects than from finishing them.

Famous ENFP

 * Matthew Gray Gubler
 * Jim Carrey
 * John Mulaney
 * Oscar Wilde
 * Mads Mikkelsen
 * Hector Berlioz
 * Mark Twain
 * Charles Dickens
 * Brian Cox(physicist)
 * Keira Knightley
 * Sandra Bullock
 * Michio Kaku
 * Kristen Bell
 * Tom Brady
 * Che Guevara
 * Charles Manson
 * Anais Nin
 * Muammar Gadaffi
 * Gabby Petito
 * Will Smith
 * Melissa Etheridge
 * Bruce Springsteen
 * Janis Joplin
 * Fidel Castro
 * Rachel Maddow
 * Julian Assange
 * Joseph Smith, Jr. (Founder of Church of Jesus Christ of LDS)
 * Robin Williams
 * George Carlin
 * Salvador Dali
 * Ozzy Osbourne
 * Kehlani Parrish
 * Corey Taylor (of Slipknot and Stone Sour)
 * J.J. Abrams
 * Robert Downey Jr.
 * Tom Holland
 * Issa Rae
 * Pedro Pascal
 * Elle Fanning
 * Taron Egerton
 * Sarah Paulson
 * Kanye West
 * Dylan O’Brien
 * Drew Barrymore
 * Daniel Radcliffe
 * Sarah Michelle Gellar
 * Hunter S. Thompson
 * Jacques Derrida
 * Florence Pugh
 * Awkwafina
 * Maisie Williams
 * Tyler, the Creator
 * Will Ferrell
 * Mike Myers
 * Umberto Eco
 * Louis Tomlinson
 * Arianna Huffington
 * Seth Rogen
 * Andy Samberg
 * John Krasinski
 * Keke Palmer
 * Jack Black
 * Tessa Thompson
 * Zooey Deschanel
 * Ulrike Meinhof
 * Hugo Chavez
 * Anne Frank
 * Joseph Campbell
 * Kim Taehyung
 * Kim Namjoon
 * Shia LaBeouf
 * TommyInnit
 * Ella Chalamet

Fictional ENFPs

 * Son Goku (DragonBall Z)
 * Adam West (Family Guy)
 * Ahsoka Tano (Star Wars)
 * Alexander the Great (Alexander)
 * Vander (Vam)
 * The Genie (Disney's Aladdin)
 * Allie Hamilton (The Notebook)
 * Ana (Overwatch)
 * Anna (Frozen)
 * Anakin Skywalker (Star Wars)
 * Andy Dwyer (Parks and Recreation)
 * Arietty (The Secret World of Arietty)
 * Ash Ketchum (Pokémon)
 * Barry Allen (The Flash)
 * Ben Hargreeves (The Umbrella Academy)
 * Bing Bong (Inside Out)
 * Buddy The Elf (Elf)
 * Carrie Bradshaw (Sex and the City)
 * Carol Danvers/ Captain Marvel (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
 * Charlie Bradbury (Supernatural)
 * Charles Macaulay (the secret history)
 * Cher Horowitz (Clueless)
 * Chloe Beale (Pitch Perfect)
 * Clary Fray (Shadowhunters)
 * Danny Zuko (Grease)
 * Dick Grayson/Robin (DC Batman)
 * Dickon (Secret Garden)
 * Doctor Who (Bill Potts)
 * Doctor Who (Eleventh Doctor)
 * Doctor Who (Second Doctor)
 * Doctor Who (The Master)
 * Dory (Finding Nemo)
 * Ducky (Land Before Time)
 * Eliza Doolittle (My Fair Lady)
 * Ella Lopez (Lucifer)
 * Ellen Olenska (Age of Innocence)
 * Ellie (Up)
 * Emily Sweeney (The Big Bang Theory)
 * Eric Effiong (Sex Education)
 * Erica Reeves (Teen Wolf)
 * Erin Brockovich (Erin Brockovich)
 * Eva Smith (Inspector Calls)
 * Falcon (Avengers)
 * Faramir (Lord of the Rings)
 * Fred and George Weasley (Harry Potter)
 * Flynn Ryder (Tangled)
 * Gabrielle (Xena Warrior Princess)
 * Gary Goodspeed (Final Space)
 * Gavroche (Les Miserables)
 * Genie (Disney's Aladdin)
 * Gilligan (Gilligan's Island)
 * Grace (Ready or Not)
 * Gretchen Weiners (Mean Girls)
 * Hal Jordan (The Green Lantern)
 * Hannah Weaver (Crazy Stupid Love)
 * Hatter (Alice in Wonderland)
 * Harley Quinn (DC Universe)
 * Hawkeye (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
 * Helen Parr (Incredibles)
 * Iron Man (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
 * Isabella Shapiro (Phineas & Ferb)
 * Izzy (Mad Fat Diary)
 * Jake Peralta (Brooklyn Nine-Nine)
 * Jake the Dog (Adventure Time)
 * Jarlaxle Baenre (Legend of Drizzt)
 * Jaskier (The Witcher)
 * Jay Walker (LEGO Ninjago)
 * Jem Finch (To Kill A Mockingbird)
 * Jessica Day (New Girl)
 * Joey Tribbiani (Friends)
 * John Willoughby (Sense and Sensibility)
 * Josephine March (Little Women)
 * Josuke Higashikata (Jojo's Bizarre Adventure)
 * Judy Hopps (Zootopia)
 * Juli Baker (Flipped)
 * Karen Smith (Mean Girls)
 * Kevin Keller (Riverdale)
 * Kimmy Schmidt (Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt)
 * Klaus Hargreeves (Umbrella Academy)
 * Leslie Knope (Parks and Recreation)
 * Lilo (Lilo and Stitch)
 * Lois Lane (Superman)
 * Lorelai Gilmore (Gilmore Girls)
 * Lt. Pete “Maverick” Mitchell (Top Gun)
 * Lucy Gray Bird (Hunger Games)
 * Lux Lisbon (Virgin Suicides)
 * Maeve Wiley (Sex Education)
 * Maddie Hatter (Ever After High)
 * Magneto (X-Men/ Marvel Comics)
 * Maria von Trapp (The Sound of Music)
 * Maria (West Side Story 1984)
 * Marianne Dashwood (Sense and Sensibility)
 * Marla Singer (Fight Club)
 * Marshall Eriksen (How I Met Your Mother)
 * Mary Jane Watson (Spider-Man Comics)
 * Mark Blackthorne (Shadowhunter Chronicles)
 * Merlin (Merlin)
 * Michael Scott (The Office)
 * Miles Morales (Spider-Man: Into The Spider-Verse)
 * Moana (Moana)
 * Mowgli (The Jungle Book)
 * Mr Peanutbutter (Bojack Horseman)
 * Naruto Uzumaki (Naruto)
 * Nemo (Finding Nemo)
 * Nairobi (Money Heist)
 * Nymphadora Tonks (Harry Potter Series)
 * Olaf (Frozen)
 * Paloma (James Bond)
 * Peeta Mellark (The Hunger Games)
 * Peter Pan (Peter Pan Movies)
 * Peter Parker (MCU Spider-Man)
 * Phoebe Buffay (Friends)
 * Pietro Maximoff (Avengers)
 * Pinkie Pie (My Little Pony)
 * Pippi Longstocking (Pippi Longstocking)
 * Polly Prince (Along Came Polly)
 * Qui-Gon Jinn (Star Wars)
 * Rapunzel (Tangled)
 * Richie Tozier (It)
 * Ron Stoppable (Kim Possible)
 * Ron Weasley (Harry Potter Series)
 * Sam Wilson/ Falcon (Marvel Cinematic universe)
 * Shadowcat/Kitty Pryde (X-Men Comics)
 * Sir Lancelot (Merlin)
 * Stanley Barber (I Am Not Okay With This)
 * Star-Lord/ Peter Quill (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
 * Steven Universe (Steven Universe)
 * Stiles Stilinski (Teen Wolf)
 * Stitch (Lilo and Stitch)
 * Superman/ Clark Kent (DC universe)
 * Terry Silver (Karate Kid/Cobra Kai)
 * Tinkerbell (Peterpan Movies)
 * Tracer (Overwatch)
 * Trixie Espinoza (Lucifer)
 * Ochaco Uraraka (My Hero Academia)
 * Veronica Mars (Veronica Mars)
 * Vivian (Pretty Woman)
 * William Herondale (Shadowhunter Chronicles)
 * Willy Wonka (Charlie and the Chocolate Factory)
 * Winston Bishop (New Girl)
 * Yuki/Smile (Words bubble up like Soda Pop)
 * Zack Fair (Final Fantasy VII/Before Crisis: Final Fantasy VII/Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII)

ENFPs at work
ENFPs are sponges of knowledge. Curiously collecting information about life's experiences as fodder for their own stories, they live their lives much like a dramatic character in a movie, delighting in finding irony and drama in life situations wherever they go. They interpret the data they gather from people and the world in the form of inner meanings, relationships, and possibilities, often recounting their ideas to people though conversation. They love to spread the word! ENFPs, ../NF/s, are interested in many different things and this often leads them in multiple directions, therefore they are known for changing jobs and even careers frequently. ENFPs prefer to make work fun and have been known to put off work when there is a chance to have fun. ENFPs prefer environments which have little administrative or detailed work. Delegation to reliable support staff is important for success. ENFPs seek out jobs not confined by strict schedules and mundane tasks. According to Keirsey, the "Idealists" want to make the world a better place to live by helping others and are on a search for their "true self". Integrity, ideals, beliefs, and values matter to ENFPs. ENFP's practice and dream about being the best at what ever they seek to achieve. They want to KNOW everything!

ENFPs generally have the following traits:

* Project-oriented * Bright and capable * Warmly, genuinely interested in people; great people skills * Extremely intuitive and perceptive about people * Able to relate to people on their own level * Service-oriented; likely to put the needs of others above their own * Future-oriented * Dislike performing routine tasks * Need approval and appreciation from others * Cooperative and friendly * Creative and energetic * Well-developed verbal and written communication skills * Natural leaders, but do not like to control people * Resist being controlled by others * Can work logically and rationally - use their intuition to understand the goal and work backwards towards it   * Usually able to grasp difficult concepts and theories (from http://www.personalitypage.com/html/ENFP_car.html)

Common careers for ENFPs are those which allow flexibility and spontaneity while serving others. This includes teaching, general practice of medicine, medical research, religious fields, entrepreneurship, missionary work, social work, community development, creative arts, acting, broadcasting, consulting, coaching, corporate training, public relations, counseling, advertising, and marketing. They enjoy working for themselves and creating new ideas to help people. The perfect job for an ENFP is one where they would give out useful information to others and they would receive several hundred dollars per hour for that service.

ENFPs in relationships
Strengths

ENFPs are energized by being around people. ENFPs take their relationships very seriously. ENFPs seek and demand authenticity and depth in their personal relationships, and will put forth a lot of effort into making things work out. ENFPs are generally warm, considerate, affirming, nurturing, and highly invested in the health of the relationship. ENFPs have excellent interpersonal skills, and are able to inspire and motivate others to be the best that they can be. ENFPs are generally highly valued for their genuine warmth and high ideals.

ENFPs want to help, to be liked, and to be admired by other people on both an individual and a humanitarian level. ENFPs hold up their end of relationships, sometimes being victimized by less caring individuals.

Weaknesses

ENFPs are well aware of their weaknesses, often being their own harshest critic. Often the ENFP is reluctant to share intimate feelings unless in the company of deeply trusted relationships. Despite being extroverts, ENFPs require a great deal of alone time to center themselves. ENFPs who don’t have a positive support system may be strongly influenced by the opinions of others. ENFPs can exhibit preoccupation in their relationships, sometimes putting "all their eggs in one basket" and can tend to hyper focus on the other individual, in attempts to "fix" the other person or pull out their "real" emotions, transforming them into the perfect person. ENFP who do this are doing so because they don’t want to focus on their own interpersonal issues at hand. In this scenario, ENFPs may feel very anxious and preoccupied if the other partner is silent, non expressive, or withdrawn when coping with stress, instead of talking through things. This can deeply hurt them. Although energetic and effervescent, the ENFP can sometimes be smothering in their enthusiasm. They do not understand why someone would not be charmed by their enthusiastic display of affection and quirky jokes, because many are naturally drawn to their personality. They may try too hard to be what others want them to be, showing codependent tendencies. ENFPs are seen as disorganized by OCD types, having a short attention span, taking on too many tasks at once, lacking structure, and all over the place. Others expect the ENFP to follow societal roles and ENFP are a role unto their own.

How to Behave Toward an ENFP
Give ENFPs the freedom to be flexible. Realize that churning through possibilities inspires their minds and get their creative juices flowing. Don't bog the ENFP down with too many details, especially on any subject not known to be of deep interest to him or her. Involve the ENFP in the process and try to keep things fun. When communicating with ENFPs you will find that many like to talk. Do not hesitate to interrupt and state your opinion. ENFPs enjoy speculating about ideas. They enjoy others who engage them in conversation, contribute their ideas and keep it moving in a positive direction. Overall ENFPs appreciate honesty in others, they want to know how people really feel. ENFPs are easily influenced by what other people say. It may not appear that they are listening when they are talking to you, but soon after the conversation ends they often ponder what the other person has said and incorporate those ideas into their own thinking to use the knowledge for the future.

The main points to remember, ENFPs: 1) Want to help and please the people they are working with, so give them frequent feedback. 2) Like to hear from their significant others that they are loved and valued, (and are willing and eager to return the favor,) so let them know what you appreciate about them. 3) Prefer happy and upbeat relationships, nevertheless, when conflict occurs, they usually want to engage in a dialog to work it out. 4) Are one of the most freedom orientated personality types. Give them room to have some adventures on their own. 5) May have a difficult time staying focused and following things through to completion. Let them know clearly what your deadlines are. ENFPs want to please other people, so let them know how important it is to you and why it is important to you. 6) Prefer a participative and collegial atmosphere in which employees are included in the decision making.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ENFP


text:
User:Ilyanep

I'm a user/sysop/bureaucrat on Wikipedia, see my Userpage.

NOTE!!! Use my Wikipedia Talk page, because I won't be checking this one!

title: User:Ilyanep


text:
User talk:Ilyanep

Use my Wikipedia talk page please...

title: User talk:Ilyanep


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/NF

= NF (The iNtuitive Feeler) = NFs are categorized as  idealists  and share the traits of dominant  iNtuitive  and  Feeling  traits. They include the ../ENFJ/, ../ENFP/, ../INFJ/, and ../INFP/.

The iNtuitive side of the NF makes him or her more inclined towards the abstract and the future as opposed to the concrete present. The Feeler preference means he makes decisions based on his personal values more than on cold analytical data.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/NF


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Introversion

Introverts are rested and energized by solitude, and are very effective in solitary pursuits. An introvert is a person who prefers to process thoughts internally. Introverts tend to think before they speak. The word is also used informally to refer to somebody who prefers solitary activities to social ones, which is more of a behavioural than cognitive definition. Introverts tend to be seen as quiet and reserved, which is often confused with a lack of confidence by louder, more extroverted people. They often perform well in analytical roles that require intelligence or logic, but place less emphasis on social interactions and "people skills".


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Extraversion

Extraverts are energized by interacting with other people. They can often appear to be outgoing and may be effective in pursuits that involve interacting with other people. Extraverts tend to be sensation-seeking, spontaneous, and gregarious. They may enjoy crowds, noise, and stimulation.

In a conversation, an extravert will tend to talk faster and louder than an introvert and to interrupt more frequently.


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Sensing

Sensors want, trust, and remember facts, and usually describe themselves as "practical". For a Sensor, intuition is untrustworthy, and might seem like mental static. Sensation, as a perceiving mode of consciousness, focuses on heightening reality. Guardians share the combination SJ, while Artisans share the combination SP.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Sensing


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Intuitive

Intuitives prefer metaphor, analogy, and logic, and tend to reason from first principles and hunches. While Sensors pride themselves on living in the real world, Intuitives pride themselves on seeing possibilities. This can cause conflict. Intuition, as a perceiving mode of consciousness, filters experience through the unconscious mind. Intuition focuses on possibilities rather than realities. Idealists share the combination NF, while Rationals share the combination NT.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Intuitive


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Thinking

Thinkers use impersonal means of reasoning: logic and verifiable experience.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Thinking


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Feeling

Feelers prefer personal reasoning: value judgements and emotions. Thinkers often find Feelers muddle-headed. Feelers often find Thinkers cold and inhuman.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Feeling


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Judging

Judgers prefer to come to decisions and move on. They can feel betrayed if a decision is "reopened". They are prone to hastiness, but get things done.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Judging


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Perceiving

Perceivers prefer to leave their options open to perceive new possibilities and processes as long as possible. They tend to mourn opportunities lost to premature decisions. They are prone to analysis paralysis, but rarely make permanent mistakes.

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/Perceiving


text:
Abstract Algebra/Hypercomplex numbers

The terms group theory and ring theory are refinements of algebraic understanding that developed in the era of electronics and aircraft, the 20th century. The term hypercomplex number harkens back to the age of steam. For the most part, the hypercomplex systems have been assimilated through the resolution of vision provided by groups, rings, and fields, and the term has been retired from use other than historic reference. Similarly, the field of complex numbers $$C = \{ z = x + i y, \ x,y \in R \} ,\ i^2 = - 1, $$ has an insufficiently descriptive name, and might be better described as division binarions C according to composition algebra theory.

Hypercomplex numbers grew out of William Rowan Hamilton's construction of quaternions in the 1840s. The legacy of his vision continues in spatial vector algebra: for vectors $$v = ai + bj + ck$$ and $$w = di + ej + fk ,$$ the well-known products are These products are the severed remnants of Hamilton’s quaternion product: $$\ \ v w = - v \cdot w + v \times w \in R^4 .$$
 * Dot: $$ v \cdot w = ad + be + cf \in R$$
 * Cross: $$ v \times w = (bf - ec) i - (af - dc) j + (ae - db) k \in R^3 .$$

In 1845 John T. Graves and Arthur Cayley described an eight-dimensional hypercomplex system now referred to as octonions or Cayley numbers. They extend quaternions but associativity of multiplication is lost. James Cockle challenged the presumption of quaternions in four dimensions by presenting associative hypercomplex systems tessarines (1848) and coquaternions (1849). Hamilton had his own eight-dimensional system (biquaternions) that were explored in his Lectures on Quaternions (1853), but virtually ignored in Elements of Quaternions (completed by his son in 1865) and in the version edited by Charles Jasper Jolly in 1899.

Quaternions feature the property of anti-commutativity of the basis vectors i, j, k:
 * $$ij = -ji = k, \quad jk = -kj = i, \quad ki = -ik = j.$$ (in coquaternions $$jk = -kj = -i $$).

Due to anti-commutativity, squaring a vector leaves many cancelled terms:
 * $$(ai + bj +ck)^2 = - a^2 - b^2 - c^2 ,$$  thus for $$r = ai + bj + ck ,$$
 * $$(a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = 1) \ \equiv \ (r^2 = -1) .$$

For any such r, the plane {x + y r : x,y in R} is a complex number plane, and by Euler's formula the mapping $$ ar \mapsto \cos a + r \sin a$$ takes the ray through r to a wrapping of the unit circle in that plane. The unit sphere in quaternions is composed of these circles, considering the variable r. According to Hamilton, a unit quaternion is a versor; evidently every versor can be known by its parameters a and r.

When the anti-commutativity axiom is changed to commutativity, then two square roots of minus one, say h and i, have a product hi with square $$(hi)^2 = hi hi = h^2 i^2 = (-1)(-1) = +1 .$$ James Cockle’s tessarines are based on such an imaginary unit, now with plus one for its square. Cockle initiated the use of j, j2 = +1, to represent this new imaginary unit that is not a square root of minus one. The tessarines are z = w + z j where z, w are in C. The real tessarines $$D = \{a + b j : a, b \in R \}$$ feature a unit hyperbola, contrasting with the unit circle $$\{a + b i : a^2+ b^2 = 1 \} \subset C .$$ Whereas the circle surrounds the origin, a hyperbola has radii in only half of the directions of the plane and requires a conjugate hyperbola to cover the other half, and even then the asymptotes, that they share, provide even more directions in the plane. In 1873 William Kingdon Clifford exploited the real tessarines to modify Hamilton's biquaternions: where Hamilton had used elements of C (division binarions) for coefficients of a biquaternion q = w + x i + y j + z k, Clifford used real tessarines (now called split-binarions D). Clifford’s construction illustrated a process of generating new algebras from given ones in a procedure called tensor products: Hamilton’s biquaternions are $$C \otimes H $$, and the split biquaternions of Clifford are $$D \otimes H .$$

Clifford was precocious, particularly in his anticipation of a geometric model of gravitation as hills and valleys in a temporal plenum. But he lived before set theory, modern logical and mathematical symbology, and before abstract algebra with its firmament of groups, rings and fields. One of the realities of light is its finite speed: a foot per nanosecond, an astronomic unit in 500 seconds, or a light year in a year. When a diagram uses any of these pairs of units as axes, the diagonals through the origin represent to locus of light, one for the left beam, one for the right. The diagonals are asymptotes to hyperbolas, such as $$a j \mapsto \cosh a + j \sinh a, $$ a real tessarine. Eventually, over decades of deliberation, physicists realized that this hyperbola was the answer to a linear-velocity problem: How can v + w be the sum of two velocities when such accumulation may run over the speed of light?

The hyperbola lies between the asymptotes and will not run over the speed of light. In the real tessarine system the points of the hyperbola are $$ e^{a j}$$ and $$ e^{b j} ,$$ representing two velocities in the group $$ \{ e^{x j} : x \in R \} ,$$ a hyperbola. The sum of two velocities is found by their product $$e^{aj} e^{bj} = e^{(a + b)j} ,$$ another element of the hyperbola. After 1911, the parameter a was termed rapidity. Evidently this aspect of special relativity was born of real tessarines.

The electromagnetic work of Clerk-Maxell and Heinrich Hertz demanded a fitting context for theorizing with the temporal variable included. Maxwell had used Hamilton’s del operator
 * $$\nabla = i \frac{\partial}{\partial x} + j \frac{\partial}{\partial y} + k \frac{\partial}{\partial z} $$ in A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism,

but the quaternion algebra is unsuitable: it is implicitly a Euclidean 4-space since $$q q^* = w^2 + x^2 + y^2 + z^2, $$ the square of the Euclidean norm.

In the 1890s Alexander Macfarlane advocated Space Analysis with a hypercomplex system that exchanged Hamilton's sphere of imaginary units for a sphere of Cockle's imaginary units that square to +1. He retained the anti-commutative property of quaternions so that $$q q^* = w^2 - x^2 - y^2 - z^2 .$$ Then in this system of hyperbolic quaternions, for any r on the sphere, $$\{x + y r : x,y \in R \}$$ is a plane of split binarions, including unit hyperbola suitable to represent motion at any rapidity in direction r. The hyperbolic quaternions looked like an elegant model for electromechanics until it was found wanting. The problem was that the simple property of associative multiplication broke down in hyperbolic quaternions, and though it was a hypercomplex system with a useful model, loss of this property put it outside the purview of group theory, for instance.

Once the axioms of a vector space were established, hypercomplex systems were included. The axioms require a commutative group of vectors, a scalar field, and rules of operations. Putting the axioms of a vector space together with those for a ring establishes the meaning of an algebra in the study of abstract algebra.

For associative hypercomplex systems, Joseph Wedderburn removed all the mystery in 1907 when he showed that any such system could be represented with matrix rings over a field. For instance, 2 x 2 real matrices form an algebra M(2,R) isomorphic to coquaternions and 2 x 2 complex matrices form an algebra M(2,C) isomorphic to biquaternions. These algebras, along with R, C and tessarines form the associative composition algebras which are noted for the property
 * $$(pq)(pq)^* = (p p^*)(q q^*) .$$

About 1897 four cooperative efforts changed mathematics for the better. Giuseppe Peano began to assemble his Formulario Mathematico, Felix Klein spearheaded the mathematical encyclopedia project, the quadrennial series of International Congresses of Mathematics was begun, and the International Association for Promoting the Study of Quaternions and Allied Systems of Mathematics published a bibliography and annual review.

Peano's effort gave mathematicians the symbolic language to compress concepts and proofs using set theory. Klein's encyclopedia upheld German as the primary medium, and the Congresses drew together all nations. The Quaternion Society was the primary arena addressing hypercomplex numbers, and was dissolved after 1913 upon the death of its president, Alexander Macfarlane.

title: Abstract Algebra/Hypercomplex numbers


text:
User:Vanicat~enwikibooks

Bienvenu, Vanicat. Ceci est ta page personnelle.

title: User:Vanicat~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Vanicat~enwikibooks

Bienvenu sur Wikibooks, et merci pour les contributions sur Objective Caml. Traroth 13:06, 20 Feb 2004 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
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title: User talk:Vanicat~enwikibooks


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISFJ

How to deal with an ISFJ
ISFJ's with a persistent guiding hand behind them can learn to like anything.

Fictional ISFJs

 * Alex Bailey (The Land of Stories)
 * Alfred Pennyworth (The Dark Knight Trilogy)
 * Ann Perkins (Parks and Recreation)
 * Baymax (Big Hero 6)
 * Bilbo Baggins (The Hobbit)
 * Brock (Pokémon)
 * C-3PO (Star Wars)
 * Catelyn Stark (Game of Thrones)
 * Clark Kent aka Superman (DC Comics)
 * Emily Fields (Pretty Little Liars)
 * Fear (Inside Out)
 * Groot (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
 * Hercules (Disney)
 * John Watson (Sherlock)
 * Luigi (Mario)
 * Marge Simpson (The Simpsons)
 * Melman (Madagascar)
 * Neville Longbottom (Harry Potter)
 * Phil Coulson (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
 * Phyllis Lapin (The Office)
 * Rory Gilmore (Gilmore Girls)
 * Samwise Gamgee (The Lord of the Rings)
 * Steve Rogers aka Captain America (Marvel Cinematic Universe)
 * Toriel (Undertale)

Web links

 * ISFJ on TypeLogic
 * ISFJ on PersonalityPage and ISFJ careers
 * ISFJ Profiles and Famous ISFJs on TypeTango
 * ISFJ Profile on PersonalityDesk

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISFJ


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/INTJ

Entertainment

 * Young Gunna, Rapper
 * Lil Baby, Rapper
 * Dan Aykroyd, actor (Blues Brothers)
 * Raymond Burr, actor (Perry Mason, Ironsides)
 * Chevy Chase, actor (Cornelius Crane) (Fletch)
 * Phil Donahue, television talk show host
 * Greg Gumbel, television sportscaster
 * Veronica Hamel, actress (Hill Street Blues)
 * Peter Jennings, television newscaster
 * Joan Lunden, television talk show host
 * Trent Reznor, founder of Nine Inch Nails
 * Rob Swire (Pendulum, Knife Party)
 * Pernell Roberts, actor (Bonanza)
 * Elyse Sewell, fashion model, reality TV star
 * Ashley Olsen, former actress and producer, current fashion designer, business woman, author
 * Julia Stiles, actress (Ten Things I Hate About You, Bourne Series)
 * Maria Owens Shriver, television newscaster
 * Jay-Z, rapper, record producer, and entrepreneur
 * Russell Crowe, actor (Gladiator, A Beautiful Mind), producer, musician
 * Jodie Foster, actress (Taxi Driver, Silence of the Lambs), producer, director
 * Jason Bateman, actor (Horrible Bosses, the Break Up)

Politicians and Leaders

 * Susan B. Anthony, suffragist
 * Dorothy Day, Activist and Catholic Saint
 * Chester A. Arthur, US President (R)
 * William F. Buckley, Jr., Conservative political advocate
 * Augustus Caesar (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus), Roman Emperor
 * Calvin Coolidge, US President (R)
 * Michael Dukakis, Governor (D-MA), 1988 U.S. Dem. pres. nominee
 * Hannibal, Carthaginian military leader
 * Charles Everett Koop, former U.S. surgeon general
 * Julia Gillard, Former Prime Minister of Australia (Labor)
 * Charles Rangel, US Representative (D-NY)
 * Dwight D. Eisenhower, former US president and WW2 general
 * Maximilien Robespierre, French Revolution leader
 * Woodrow Wilson, US President (D)
 * Vladimir Putin, Russian Federation President
 * Yanis Varoufakis, Minister of Finance - Greece, Economist, author (Syriza)
 * Stephen Harper, Former Canadian Prime Minister (Conservative)

Athletes

 * Arthur Ashe, tennis champion
 * Orel Leonard Hershiser, IV, major league baseball pitcher
 * Edwin Moses, U.S. olympian (hurdles)
 * Martina Navratilova, tennis champion
 * Nick Saban, University of Alabama football coach
 * Ivan Lendl, tennis champion
 * Tom Landry, Dallas Cowboys head coach for 29 seasons

Literature

 * Isaac Asimov, sci-fi writer (I, Robot)
 * Jane Austen, author (Pride and Prejudice)
 * Philip K. Dick, sci-fi writer (The Man in the High Castle)
 * C. S. Lewis, author (The Chronicles of Narnia)
 * Josephine Tey (Elizabeth Mackintosh), mystery writer (Brat Farrar)
 * Anton Chekhov, Russian writer, dramatist

Fictional Characters

 * Lord Elrond (The Lord Of The Rings)
 * Saruman The White (The Lord of The Rings)
 * Gandalf (The Lord of The Rings)
 * King Thranduil (The Hobbit)
 * Hamlet (Hamlet)
 * Hercule Poirot (Hercule Poirot Mysteries)
 * River Tam (Firefly)
 * Lucy (Lucy)
 * Miss Havisham (Great Expactations)
 * Mr. Darcy (Pride and Prejudice)
 * Bruce Wayne a.k.a Batman (The Dark Knight trilogy / Gotham series / DC Extended Universe / DC Comics)
 * Oswald Cobblepot a.k.a Penguin (Gotham series)
 * Andy Dufresne (The Shawshank Redemption)
 * Michael Corleone (The Godfather
 * O-ren Ishii (Kill Bill Vol. 1)
 * Miranda Hobbes (Sex and the City)
 * Miranda Lawson (Mass Effect Trilogy)
 * Claudia (Interview with A Vampire)
 * Jane (Telltale's The Walking Dead)
 * Dr. Neo Cortex (Crash Bandicoot series)
 * Samos the Sage (Jak and Daxter series)
 * Gol Acheron (Jak and Daxter series)
 * Dr. Cristina Yang (Grey’s Anatomy)
 * Elphaba Thropp (Gregory Maguire's Wicked)
 * Hannibal Lecter (Silence of the Lambs)
 * Professor James Moriarty (Sherlock Holmes' nemesis)
 * Stiles Stilinski (Teen Wolf)
 * Petyr “Littlefinger” Baelish (Game of Thrones)
 * Haytham Kenway (Assassin's Creed 3)
 * Andrew Ryan (BioShock)
 * Paul von Oberstein (Legend of the Galactic Heroes)
 * Ensign Ro Laren (Star Trek--the Next Generation)
 * George Smiley, John le Carre's master spy
 * Clarice Starling (Silence of the Lambs)
 * Emperor Palpatine (Star Wars)
 * Count Dooku (Star Wars)
 * some versions of the Doctor (Doctor Who)
 * Raistlin Majere (Dragonlance Legends)
 * Sherlock Holmes (Sherlock Holmes)
 * Number Six (The Prisoner)
 * Maleficent (Sleeping Beauty)
 * Evely (The Land of Stories)
 * Elizabeth Hawke (Wicked Science)
 * Andrew Ryan (Bioshock)
 * GLaDOS (Portal)
 * Walter White (Breaking Bad)
 * Gus Fring (Breaking Bad)
 * Peter Wiggin (Ender's Game)
 * Artemis Fowl (Artemis Fowl)
 * Jonathan Crane (Batman Begins)
 * Socrates (as he is depicted in Plato's dialogues)
 * Nico Robin (One Piece)
 * Lex Luthor (Smallville)
 * Shoto Todoroki (Boku no Hero Academia)
 * Loki Odinson (Thor)
 * Nora Gainesborough (True Blood)
 * Gabriel Tosh (Starcraft II: Wings of Liberty)
 * Abathur (Starcraft II: Heart of the Swarm)
 * Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov (Crime and Punishment)
 * Artemis Entreri (Legend of Drizzt)
 * Sasuke Uchiha (Naruto)
 * Ciel Phantomhive (Kuroshitsuji)
 * Max Eisenhardt/Erik Lehnsherr a.k.a. Magneto (X-Men)
 * Matt Murdock a.k.a. Daredevil (Marvel Comics)
 * Vegeta (Dragon Ball Z)
 * Lelouch Lamperouge (Code Geass)
 * England (Hetalia)
 * Dr. Gregory House (House, M.D.)
 * Near (Death Note)
 * Eridan Ampora (Homestuck)
 * Manon Blackbeak (Throne of Glass)
 * Celaena Sardothien/ Aelin Ashryvar Galathynius (Throne of Glass)
 * Spock (Star Trek)
 * Big Boss / Naked Snake (Metal Gear Series)
 * Punished "Venom" Snake / Big Boss's Phantom (Metal Gear Series)
 * Kakashi Hatake (Naruto)
 * Madara Uchiha (Naruto)
 * Damien Thorn (The Omen series)
 * Pinhead (Hellraiser)
 * Jacqueline Debellafort (Death On The Nile)
 * Phileas Fogg (Around the World In 80 Days)
 * Wednesday Addams (Addams Family)
 * Matilda (Matilda)

Others

 * Nietzsche, existentialist
 * Azzedine Alaïa, couturier
 * William J. Bennett, 'drug czar'
 * Ben Bernanke, Chairman of US Federal Reserve
 * Bill Gates, Founder of Microsoft
 * Fischer Black, economist
 * Niels Bohr, physicist
 * Bobby Fischer, chess prodigy
 * Stephen Hawking, physicist
 * Christopher Hitchens, polemicist
 * John Maynard Keynes, economist
 * Lise Meitner, physicist
 * Ludwig von Mises, economist
 * John Nash, mathematician
 * Sir Isaac Newton, physicist, mathematician
 * Nikola Tesla, inventor, engineer
 * Adam Worth, "Napoleon of Crime", Master Criminal, "The Eye"
 * Mark Zuckerberg
 * Michelle Obama
 * Elon Musk

Web links

 * INTJ on TypeLogic
 * INTJ on PersonalityPage and careers
 * INTJ Profile on PersonalityGrowth
 * Personality Types Page Written by an INTJ
 * INTJ Profiles and Famous INTJs on TypeTango
 * General information for INTJs
 * Jung's Cognitive Processes explained
 * INTJ Discussion Forum
 * The Compleat Idiot's Guide to the INTJ
 * INTJ Profile on PersonalityDesk

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/INTJ


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/INFJ

INFJs at work
INFJ individuals are goal-oriented. They prefer careers that are inspiring and add value to their goals. They are motivated by ideas, not money. Even though they are introverted, they are good communicators. They prefer role as psychologists, teachers, counselors, yoga instructors, social workers, etc.

INFJs in relationships
INFJs tend to hold back part of themselves and like most introverts it can take them a while to become comfortable around new people. Having extraverted feeling as their auxiliary function, INFJs often feel the need for verbal affirmation and support from people close to them. Many of the INFJ's actions are dependent on the emotions or what they perceive to be the emotions of others and as result immature INFJs can neglect their own feelings and opinions when making decisions. The INFJ's focus on the emotions of others can lead to them being harmonizers or, on the other end of the same spectrum, manipulators. It can also cause them much social anxiety if they have not properly or fully developed their auxiliary function. INFJs are natural romantics who seek long-term or lifelong relationships. While they may not all believe in soulmates, they tend to put pressure on their partners in trying to achieve the perfect relationship. Some theorists have suggested that INFJs are most compatible with ENTPs (the Inventor).

INFJ Sub King and Idealist Type.

 * Carl Jung

 * Plato

 * Goethe

 * Dante

 * Agatha Christie

 * Arthur Schopenhauer

 * Jesus Christ

 * Marcus Aurelius

 * Mahatma Gandhi

 * Adolf Hitler

 * George Harrison

 * Benedict Cumberbatch

 * Edward Norton

 * Mel Gibson

 * Daniel Day Lewis

 * Al Pacino

 * Cate Blanchett

 * Nicole Kidman

 * Carey Mulligan

 * Misha Barton

 * Marilyn Manson

 * Ho Chi Minh

 * Morgan Freeman

=Fictional INFJs=

 * Galadriel (The Lord of the Rings)

 * Aragorn (The Lord of the Rings)

 * Rose Bukater (Titanic)

 * Ilsa Faust (Mission: Impossible)
 * Madeleine Elster (Vertigo)

 * Vesper Lynd (Casino Royale)

 * Sayuri (Memories of a Geisha)

 * Pocahontas (Pocahontas)
 * Daenerys (Game of Thrones)
 * Nuala (Hellboy)
 * Paterson (Paterson)
 * Lena Duchaness (Beautiful Creatures)

 * Obi-Wan Kenobi (Star Wars)

 * Luke Skywalker (Star Wars)
 * Aster Flores (The Half of It)

 * Mr.Bates (Downton Abbey)

 * Aramis (The Three Musketeers)

 * Remus Lupin (Harry Potter)
 * Miranda (Picnic at Hanging Rock)

 * Princess Zelda (The Legend of Zelda)

 * Watari (Death Note)

 * Itachi Uchiha (Naruto)

 * Trunks (Dragonball Z)

 * Gabriela Castro (work)

 * Nozomi Tojo (Love Live)

 * Shion Sonozaki (Higurashi no Naku Koro Ni)

 * Jon Snow (Game of Thrones)

 * Melisandre (Game of Thrones)

 * Desmond Hume (Lost)

 * Atticus Finch (To Kill a Mockingbird)

 * Prince Caspian (Narnia books)

 * Will Graham (Red Dragon/Hannibal)

 * Nick Stokes (CSI)

 * Hershel (The Walking Dead)

 * Captain America (Marvel Comics)

 * Jean Grey (Marvel Comics)

 * Groot (Marvel Comics)

 * Doctor Strange (Marvel Comics)

 * Michael Scofield (Prison Break)

 * Sarah Tancredi (Prison Break)

 * James Wilson (House M.D.)

 * Canada (Hetalia)

 * Odasaku (Bungou Stray Dogs)

 * Walter (The Muppets)

 * Mufasa (The Lion King)

 * Lisa Simpson (The Simpsons)

 * Sam Winchester (Supernatural)

 * Kyle Broflovski (South Park)

 * King Mongkut (Anna and the King)

 * The Splendid Angharad (Mad Max: Fury Road)

 * Liz Lemon (30 Rock)

 * Athelstan (Vikings)

 * Max Caulfield (Life is Strange)

 * Sonmi-451 (Cloud Atlas)

 * Annie Leonhardt (Attack on Titan)

 * Georgiana Darcy (Death Comes to Pemberley)

 * Hazel Grace Lancaster (The Fault in Our Stars)

 * Leonard Hofstadter (The Big Bang Theory)

 * Oswald Cobblepot (Gotham)

 * Sans (Undertale)

 * Lucas Friar (Girl Meets World)

 * Kif Kroker (Futurama)

 * Tommy Gilligan (Codename: Kids Next Door)

 * Zaheer (The Legend of Korra)

 * Hawk Moth (Miraculous Ladybug)

 * Levy (Fairy Tail)

 * Francis (Reign)
 * Lunafreya (Final Fantasy)

 * Quentin (Paper Towns)
 * White Queen (Alice in Wonderland)

 * Bill (Kill Bill)

 * Nico Robin (One Piece)

 * Peter Petrelli (Heroes)

 * The Tin Man (Wizard of Oz)

 * Theodore (Her)
 * Froggy (The Land of Stories)

=How to deal with an INFJ= Be honest with them. Don't try and manipulate them; they will see through it and never trust you again. INFJ's have an uncanny ability to read people's emotions, and they tend to take others emotions onto themselves. They easily make connections between things by matching up pieces of conversations and visual memories. They can appear to be psychic because of this. INFJs make up less than 1% of the population. You'll often encounter them in education, psychology and the arts.

Web links

 * INFJ on TypeLogic
 * INFJ on PersonalityPage and careers
 * INFJ Profile on PersonalityGrowth
 * INFJ at work on Infjguru
 * INFJ Profile on PersonalityDesk

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/INFJ


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISTP

Fictional Characters

 * Zabuza Momochi (Naruto Shippūden)
 * Hei (Darker Than Black)
 * Naofumi Iwatani (Tate no Yuusha no Nariagari)
 * Sasuke Uchiha (Naruto Shippūden)
 * Alucard (Hellsing Ultimate)
 * Celestia Ludenberg (Danganronpa)
 * Aslan Jade Callenreese (Banana Fish)
 * Sakunosuke Oda (Bungou Stray Dogs)
 * Chain Sumeragi (Kekkai Sensen)
 * Karna (Fate/Apocrypha)
 * Zero Kiryu (Vampire Knight)
 * Minene Uryuu (Mirai Nikki)
 * Shiki Ryougi (Kara no Kyoukai)
 * Killua Zoldyck (Hunter x Hunter)
 * Shinya Kogami (Psycho-Pass)
 * Android 17 (Dragon Ball)
 * Levi Ackerman (Shingeki no Kyojin)
 * Ging Freecss (Hunter x Hunter)
 * Kohaku (Dr. Stone)
 * Shizuo Heiwajima (Durarara!!)
 * Phoenix Ikki (Saint Seiya)
 * Jotaro Kujo (JoJo no Kimyou na Bouken)
 * Noriaki Kakyoin (JoJo no Kimyou na Bouken)
 * Spike Spiegel (Cowboy Bebop)
 * Steven Alan Starphase (Kekkai Sensen)
 * Saitama (One Punch Man)
 * Goblin Slayer (Goblin Slayer)
 * Toph Beifong (Avatar: The Last Airbender)
 * Kyouhei Kadota (Durarara!!)
 * Motoko Kusanagi (Ghost in the Shell)
 * Meme Oshino (Monogatari)
 * Gintoki Sakata (Gintama)
 * Kazuto Kirigaya (Sword Art Online)
 * Kite (Hunter x Hunter)
 * Roronoa Zoro (One Piece)
 * Guts (Berserk)
 * Kazuma Satou (Konosuba)
 * Shinobu Oshino (Monogatari)

Work-Related Strengths

 * Ability to work well with defined tasks and tangible products
 * Keen powers of observation and an excellent memory for factual information
 * Ability to bring order to confusing data and to recognizable facts
 * Aptitude for working alone or alongside others you respect
 * Ability to stay calm and cool in a crisis or under pressure
 * Ability to recognize what needs doing and what is necessary to complete the job
 * Aptitude for working with your hands and with tools
 * Ability to adapt well to sudden change and shift gears quickly
 * Practicality and good common sense
 * Ability to identify and make good use of available resources
 * Flexibility and willingness to take risks and try

Work-Related Weaknesses

 * Difficulty seeing the long-term consequences actions
 * Lack of interest in verbal communication, especially superficial conversations
 * Dislike advance preparation; trouble organizing time
 * Little patience for abstract and complex theories
 * Tend to be blunt and insensitive to the feelings others
 * Tend to get bored and restless easily
 * Difficulty seeing opportunities and options that don’t exist at the moment
 * Impatience with administrative details and procedures
 * Unwillingness to repeat yourself
 * Difficulty making some decisions
 * Strong independent streak and dislike of excessive rules and structured bureaucracy
 * Resistance to setting long-term goals and difficulty meeting deadlines

How to deal with an ISTP

 * Avoid emotional appeals - use clear logic
 * Respect their privacy and never force intimacy
 * Listen carefully and give them time to think things through

What works with ISTPs children :

 * Be clear, direct, and specific.
 * Give them your full attention or you will miss important, even vital information.
 * Encourage and allow them to do things for themselves, like feeding and dressing.
 * Don't interpret their lack of expression of affection as a lack of caring.
 * Don't try to make them feel guilty for not being more demonstrative.

Web links

 * ISTP on TypeLogic
 * ISTP on PersonalityPage and careers
 * ISTP Profiles and Famous ISTPs on TypeTango
 * ISTP Profile on PersonalityDesk

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISTP


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISFP

ISFPs at work
ISFPs generally are underachievers and like low key, low stress, aesthetically beautiful work environments that are fun. They like to work by themselves or in small groups cooperatively, but may not like being the leader and they have a harsh inner critic. They are gentle people and don't like to pressure others into deadlines unless necessary. When forced into a position of power, they may feel cornered and very uncomfortable making decisions. Their favorite subjects might be music, cooking, painting, drawing, gardening, musical theatre, sculpting and helping others. They are often quite talented but often quiet about showing the world. Make work a game, and they'll work happily. Many ISFPs are attracted to fine arts, which they often have hidden talent in.

ISFPs in relationships
ISFPs are kind, modest, quietly generous people. They like people and make true blue friends, however it may take a while. Their partners need to respect the ISFPs need for the privacy they need to recharge themselves. They like to spend time with people one-on-one or with a small group of two or three others who understand them. When the ISFP gets to know you on a personal, one-on-one basis, they are warm, affectionate, a little more talkative and even humorous, telling jokes to make friends laugh. They share opinions only with people they know very well. ISFPs like to make people happy with a smile and a song, slapstick comedy or light practical joking (ice cube down the back). If nothing works, they think it is their fault and withdraw. They often make friends with those they feel will protect and stand up for them, and usually have a small group of close (often very outgoing) friends. For love, they want someone patient who will be there for them and also stand up for them when they can't themselves, and whom they could speak their mind with without feeling foolish. However, they do not want someone to control them, as they value their freedom highly. They can be afraid of commitment at times. They take criticism personally, and feel at fault for people's reactions toward them. To show love, ISFPs would give you something they made themselves like a painting, some homemade cookies, a song dedicated to you or something they found that just happened to remind them of you. They like to be told how special and important they are to you, be specific and truthful. They aren't wordy people but can be eloquent and descriptive in their speech when they want to be.

Fictional ISFPs
John Watson (Sherlock)

Severus Snape (Harry Potter)

Harry Potter (Harry Potter)

Dobby (Harry Potter)

Legolas (Lord Of The Rings)

Touka Kirishima (Tokyo Ghoul)

Eleven (Stranger Things)

Jonathan Byers (Stranger Things)

Arya Stark (Game Of Thrones)

Princess Aurora (Sleeping Beauty)

Black Panther (Black Panther)

Cinna (Hunger Games)

Jeremy Gilbert (Vampire Diaries)

Snow White (Once Upon A Time)

Shaggy Rogers (Scooby Doo)

Marceline (Adventure Time)

Rey (Star Wars)

Zuko (Avatar: The Last Airbender)

Lara Croft (Tomb Raider)

Famous ISFPs
Michael Jackson (Musician)

Billie Eilish (Musician)

Bob Dylan (Musician)

Prince Harry (Royal) Brad Pitt (Actor)

Elizabeth Taylor (Actress)

Ryan Gosling (Actor)

Pamela Anderson (Actress)

Lana Del Rey (Musician)

Paul McCartney (Musician)

Monica Bellucci (Actress)

Avril Lavigne (Musician)

Mick Jagger (Musician)

David Bowie (Musician)

Skrillex (Musician)

John Travolta (Actor)

Zac Efron (Actor)

Norman Reedus (Actor)

How to deal with an ISFP

 * Talk to them gently and in a soft voice
 * Hug them often; they prefer actions rather than words to express love
 * Ask them how they feel about things and what they would like to do
 * Go with them on long leisurely walks alone together
 * Let them have their space
 * Play gentle games with them--they like competition but prefer co-op
 * They like horror films because of the adrenaline rush, but anything too sad or graphic kills their happy mood.
 * Make work fun, or they won't want to do it at all.
 * Let them have some me-time in which they can do anything they want
 * Tell them how they're talented when they doubt themselves, which could be often
 * They have an affinity for soft fabrics and long walks in natural settings away from large crowds
 * They like flowers and often have a favorite kind; ask them
 * As sensors, they enjoy physical activities (Archery, Sports, Hiking, etc.)

Web links

 * ISFP on TypeLogic
 * ISFP on PersonalityPage and careers
 * ISFP Profiles and Famous ISFPs on TypeTango

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/ISFP


text:
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/INFP

INFPs at work
INFPs love to work behind-the-scenes and support the group. If they feel they are appreciated for their hard, considerate work, they often enjoy themselves immensely. Because they are often socially unsure, many find jobs they can do from home.

INFPs in relationships
INFPs are very sensitive beings, and oftentimes the social scene feels extremely repressive and painful for them. They want very much to be accepted and cared for, but sometimes they become so uncomfortable that they become very nervous and feel completely out of place. Many try to express feelings of sadness and helplessness to those close to them for support. For lovers, they often look for outgoing, strong, caring people who can help them feel a part of things and to whom they can give their love. Still they are quite independent and have strong personal values, which they tend to defend at all costs. They also have are deep loyalty and commitment to those close to them.

Famous INFPs

 * William Shakespeare, Author
 * Virginia Woolf, Author
 * Franz Kafka, Author
 * J. R. R. Tolkien, Author
 * J.K. Rowling, Author
 * Louisa May Alcott, Author
 * L.M Montgomery, Author
 * Maya Angelou, Author
 * George Orwell, Author
 * Edgar Allan Poe, Author
 * Salvador Dalí, Artist
 * Vincent Van Gogh, Artist
 * Tim Burton, Filmmaker
 * Charlie Chaplin, Comedian
 * Princess Diana of Wales, Royal Family
 * Audrey Hepburn, Actress
 * Lisa Kudrow, Actress
 * Julia Roberts, Actress
 * Eva Green, Actress
 * Audrey Tautou, Actress
 * Heath Ledger, Actor
 * Marlon Brando, Actor
 * Timothee Chalamet, Actor
 * Keanu Reeves, Actor
 * Johnny Depp, Actor
 * Robert Pattinson, Actor
 * Joaquin Phoenix, Actor
 * Nicolas Cage, Actor
 * Tom Hiddleston, Actor
 * Bjork, Musician
 * Taylor Swift, Musician
 * David Bowie, Musician
 * Kurt Cobain, Musician "Nirvana"
 * John Lennon, Musician "Beatles"
 * Jim Morrison, Musician "The Doors"
 * Tyler Joseph, Musician "Twenty One Pilots"
 * Jonna Jinton

Fictional INFPs

 * Amélie (Amélie)
 * Anne Shirley (Anne of Green Gables)
 * Aisling (Secret of Kells)
 * Atticus Aldridge (Downton Abbey)
 * Babydoll (Sucker Punch)
 * Belle (Beauty and the Beast)
 * Childlike Empress (Neverending Story)
 * Christa (Diabolic Lovers)
 * Jen Lindley (Dawson’s Creek)
 * San (Princess Mononoke)
 * Sybil Vane (Picture of Dorian Grey)
 * Bilbo Baggins (The Hobbit)
 * Caitlin (Pokémon)
 * Elizabeth (Extremely Wicked, Shockingly Evil and Vile)
 * Frodo Baggins (The Lord of the Rings)
 * Arwen (The Lord of the Rings)
 * Faramir (The Lord of the Rings)
 * Luna Lovegood (Harry Potter)
 * Remus Lupin (Harry Potter)
 * Sybil Branson (Downton Abbey)
 * Sybilla (Kingdom of Heaven)
 * Peridot (Steven Universe)
 * Mycroft Holmes (Sherlock)
 * Nicholas Rush (Stargate Universe)
 * Will Graham (Hannibal TV series)
 * Daniel Faraday (Lost)
 * Wendy (Fairy Tail)
 * Mirajane (Fairy Tail)
 * Madeleine Swann (James Bond)
 * Sara Stanley (Road to Avonlea)
 * Aurora (Maleficent)
 * Tina Belcher (Bob's Burgers)
 * Jughead Jones (Riverdale TV Series)
 * Victor Van Dort (The Corpse Bride)
 * Sweeney Todd (Sweeney Todd)
 * Edward Scissorhands (Edward Scissorhands)
 * Gara (Naruto & Naruto: Shippuden)
 * Ofelia (Pan's Labyrinth)
 * Ella (Ella Enchanted)
 * Mia Thermopolis (Princess Diaries Books)
 * Nia Teppelin (Gurren Lagann)
 * Shiina Mashiro (Pet Girl of Sakurasou)
 * Sadness (Inside Out)
 * Sandy (Rise of the Guardians)
 * Suzy (Moonrise Kingdom)
 * Terra (Final Fantasy)
 * Fox Mulder (The X Files)
 * Newt Scamander (Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them)
 * Izuku Midoriya (My Hero Academia)
 * Rue (The Hunger Games)
 * Cecilia Lisbon (Virgin Suicides)
 * Benjamin Braddock (The Graduate)
 * Niles Crane (Frasier)
 * Kat (Tenet)
 * Cassie Ainsworth (Skins)
 * Paikea Apirana (Whale Rider)
 * Buttercup (Princess Bride)
 * Thomas (The Maze Runner)
 * Susanna (Girl Interrupted)

How to deal with an INFP (MEDIATOR)
Because the INFP (MEDIATOR) tends to extrovert their iNtuition (they can reveal out loud the possibilities that they are imagining when they imagine them) to the world yet at the same time introvert their Feeling decision-making (not reveal the values and processes they really hold), they can seem to others that the possibilities they suggest are really decisions. Because they say things (possibilities) they don't necessarily believe, it is crucial to verify with them if some of their statements are truly decisions or judgements.

In order to help the INFP (MEDIATOR) feel good about themselves, it is necessary to tell them verbally that you care about them. They need a great deal of positive affirmation and can become very self-conscious and insecure and lost without it. Some say that they 'can't do anything right' and feel very depressed and lonely.

In conflict, keep in mind that, if pressured, the INFP (MEDIATOR) may try to change the subject and escape. It is best to treat them very gently and lightly discuss the subject at hand without seeming angry or upset with them. When they feel very cornered, their usually sweet exterior rapidly changes and they begin to lash out. Do not take this behaviour harshly, for this happens only under very rare circumstances and when the INFP (MEDIATOR) feels they have no other choice. If they feel they have shared their feelings in a kind and loving environment without being criticized for them, they often feel quite content and calm.

Web links

 * INFP on TypeLogic
 * INFP on PersonalityPage and careers
 * INFP Profile on PersonalityGrowth
 * INFP Profiles and Famous INFPs on TypeTango
 * INFP Profile on PersonalityDesk

title: Myers-Briggs Type Indicator/INFP