text:
Speech-Language Pathology/Stuttering/Support Groups

Likely you've never met another stutterer. You've never seen a book about stuttering in a bookstore. You may be the first stutterer that your speech-language pathologist has met. You might feel that you're the only person in the world with this problem.

Your speech-language pathologist printed a webpage for you with the time and place of stuttering support group. You put it off the first month, but this month you drive there. You drive by the house. You see a group of people in the living room. You sit in your car, not sure if you have the courage to walk into the house.

Let's back up to how you find a stuttering support group. The National Stuttering Association(http://www.nsastutter.org/) (800 364-1677) has more than 70 local support groups across the United States. Many stutterers say that the annual NSA convention is the best experience of their lives.

Speak Easy International has stuttering support groups in the New York-New Jersey area. Call Bob Gathman, at (201) 262-0895.

The National Association of Young People Who Stutter(http://www.friendswhostutter.org/) (866 866-8335) has support groups for children and teenagers who stutter.

Many speech clinics have their own stuttering support groups. These are often for practicing therapy. Practicing in a group is better than practicing alone because we learn best by seeing other people make mistakes and then improving. In contrast, seeing a speech-language pathologist (who likely doesn't stutter) perfectly executing a speech motor skill can make you feel like she has a gift you'll never have.

If you're outside the United States, find a stuttering support organization in your country by visiting the International Stuttering Association (http://www.stutterisa.org) website.

Then there are the online support groups. Yahoo Groups lists more than seventy stuttering e-mail lists, the most prominent and largest of these is Stuttering Chat, which has over 3000 members. The Usenet discussion group is [news:alt.support.stuttering alt.support.stuttering].

The online support groups tend to be a few individuals who do 90% of the chatting, and hundreds of people who don't write anything. I remember when one individual used several e-mail addresses and fake names to have long arguments with himself.

Benefits of Support Groups

A support group will help you learn what works for other people. You'll get feedback on what you're doing. A group of people will generate new ideas that no individual would have thought of.

In a support group, you'll find that you've solved problems that other people face. Other people may have solved problems you face. Stuttering will no longer seem like one big problem, but rather will become a set of small problems.

A support group improves your emotional state. Hearing other people's experiences improves your perspective. Your setbacks don't seem so bad. Sharing positive experiences makes everyone in the group feel good.

When you feel frustrated or depressed, you have no idea what to do. Talking to individuals who've been in the same situation will help you see that you have choices (see the section Personal Construct Therapy).

Support Group Activities
Talking About Your Stuttering

Mild stutterers may be able to successfully hide stuttering, but listeners figure out that they're hiding something. Listeners may not know what the stutterer is hiding, but he'll come across as "phony" or dishonest.

Listeners have a different message for severe stutterers. Severe stuttering disturbs listeners. They don't understand stuttering. They want to know if there's anything they can do to help you. But they're too polite to ask you about your disability. They want you to educate them. They don't want the proverbial "elephant in the living room" that no one will talk about.

The Disability Hierarchy

The least respected disabilities are non-physical and non-visible. Stutterers look normal, until we talk. Listeners feel shock seeing you go from normal behavior one moment to head jerks, facial spasms, stuck in repeating dysfluencies the next moment.

But you can move up the disability hierarchy. You can change your stuttering into a visible, non-physical disability:

In contrast, hiding your stuttering throws away the respect and support that people would otherwise give you.
 * Tell people that you stutter.


text:
Software Engineers Handbook/Fields/Embedded Systems

Just about everything these days has a computer of some sorts in it. Your VCR, your car and even your washing machine or toaster may have a microcontroller or microcomputer in it to control it. These computer based systems are often referred to as Embedded Systems, because they have a computer embedded within something. Programming embedded systems requires a different set of skills from standard PC programming, because you need to know a bit about the hardware (electronics and mechanical systems) that your program is running on or controlling. You often have to be very aware of what resources (such as memory, speed etc.) your program can use. A large percentage of this work is done in C, using an operating system, but some requires assembly language. The subset named "firmware" will also include programming FPGA devices (Field Programmamble Gate Array).

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Isometric Pixel Art

Contents

 * About this Wikibook
 * /FAQ/
 * A Brief Introduction to Pixel Art

 * 1) Making Your First Box
 * 2) *Shading
 * 3) *Some other things to do with the box
 * 4) Cones, Rectangles, and Spheres, Oh My!
 * 5) *Combining These Shapes
 * 6) *My First Car!
 * 7) Tom, an Isometric kind of Guy
 * 8) *Breaking the Golden Rule! *gasp*
 * 9) *In Depth: Clothing Tom
 * /Art Gallery/

Authors
User:CherryT, User:jellocube27, User:Kyriakos, User:Insnesnakos

title: Isometric Pixel Art


text:
Software Engineers Handbook/Operating Systems/Forth

The earliest versions of the Forth Programming Language (around 1970) ran on primitive minicomputers with no other OS or executive. Systems at the National Radio Astronomy Observatory's 11-meter radio telescope near Tucson, AZ, controlled precise movements of the telescope and dome as well as performing concurrent data acquisition and supporting analysis on a graphics terminal.

Mass storage (used for both program source and data) resided on 7- or 9-track magnetic tape, soon replaced by a drum and later by disks. Mass storage was addressed in "blocks" (typically 1024 bytes), and a block number was a function of its physical location on the media. This was an extremely simple and reliable approach. The entire system, including drivers for disk and terminal, command line interpreter, resident compiler and assembler, multitasker, and applications such as control of the telescope, was so small it could run without overlays in under 32K bytes of memory.

Because of Forth's unique ability to run efficiently in such a resource-constrained environment, it has always been most popular in embedded systems, particularly hand-held or battery-powered devices such as the package-tracking devices used by FedEx Corporation. It has also been used in numerous space applications by NASA and others.

Some companies, such as New Micros, Inc. sell inexpensive microprocessor boards with Forth already installed. Others, such as FORTH, Inc. and Microprocessor Engineering Ltd., provide cross-compilers for embedded systems in which the Forth OS runs on the target but the compiler and other development tools run on a conventional PC.


text:
X86 Assembly/x86 Chipset

Chipset
The original IBM computer was based around the 8088 microprocessor, although the 8088 alone was not enough to handle all the complex tasks required by the system. A number of other chips were developed to support the microprocessor unit (MPU), and many of these other chips survive, in one way or another, to this day. The chapters in this section will talk about some of the additional chips in the standard x86 chipset, including the DMA chip, the interrupt controller, and the Timer.

This section currently only contains pages about the programmable peripheral chips, although eventually it could also contain pages about the non-programmable components of the x86 architecture, such as the RAM, the Northbridge, etc.

Many of the components discussed in these chapters have been integrated onto larger die through the years. The DMA and PIC controllers, for instance, are both usually integrated into the Southbridge ASIC. If the PCI Express standard becomes widespread, many of these same functions could be integrated into the PCI Express controller, instead of into the traditional Northbridge/Southbridge chips.

The chips covered in this section are:
 * Direct Memory Access
 * Programmable Interrupt Controller
 * Programmable Interrupt Timer
 * Programmable Parallel Interface

title: X86 Assembly/x86 Chipset


text:
User talk:24.23.82.7

Please do not restore deleted content. Jokebook has been moved away from Wikibooks. --Derbeth talk 02:02, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:24.23.82.7


text:
User:Jobarts~enwikibooks

See Wikipedia:User:Jobarts.

title: User:Jobarts~enwikibooks


text:
X86 Assembly/Direct Memory Access

Direct Memory Access
The Direct Memory Access chip (DMA) was an important part of the original IBM PC and has become an essential component of modern computer systems. DMA allows other computer components to access the main memory directly, without the processor having to manage the data flow. This is important because in many systems, the processor is a data-flow bottleneck, and it would slow down the system considerably to have the MPU have to handle every memory transaction.

The original DMA chip was known as the 8237-A chip, although modern variants may be one of many different models.

DMA Operation
The DMA chip can be used to move large blocks of data between two memory locations, or it can be used to move blocks of data from a peripheral device to memory. For instance, DMA is used frequently to move data between the PCI bus to the expansion cards, and it is also used to manage data transmissions between primary memory (RAM) and the secondary memory (HDD). While the DMA is operational, it has control over the memory bus, and the MPU may not access the bus for any reason. The MPU may continue operating on the instructions that are stored in its caches, but once the caches are empty, or once a memory access instruction is encountered, the MPU must wait for the DMA operation to complete. The DMA can manage memory operations much more quickly than the MPU can, so the wait times are usually not a large speed problem.

DMA Channels
The DMA chip has up to 8 DMA channels, and one of these channels can be used to cascade a second DMA chip for a total of 14 channels available. Each channel can be programmed to read from a specific source, to write to a specific source, etc. Because of this, the DMA has a number of dedicated I/O addresses available, for writing to the necessary control registers. The DMA uses addresses 0x0000-0x000F for standard control registers, and 0x0080-0x0083 for page registers.

title: X86 Assembly/Direct Memory Access


text:
X86 Assembly/Programmable Interrupt Controller

The original IBM PC contained a chip known as the Programmable Interrupt Controller to handle the incoming interrupt requests from the system, and to send them in an orderly fashion to the MPU for processing. The original interrupt controller was the 8259A chip, although modern computers will have a more recent variant. The most common replacement is the APIC (Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller) which is essentially an extended version of the old PIC chip to maintain backwards compatibility. This page will cover the 8259A.

Function

The function of the 8259A is actually relatively simple. Each PIC has 8 input lines, called Interrupt Requests (IRQ), numbered from 0 to 7. When one of these lines goes high, the PIC alerts the CPU and sends the appropriate interrupt number. This number is calculated by adding the IRQ number (0 to 7) to an internal "vector offset" value. The CPU uses this value to execute an appropriate Interrupt Service Routine. (For further information, see Advanced Interrupts).

Of course, it's not quite as simple as that, because each system has two PICS, a "master" and a "slave". So when the slave raises an interrupt, it's actually sent to the master, which sends that to the CPU. In this way, interrupts cascade and a processor can have 16 IRQ lines. Of these 16, one is needed for the two PIC chips to interface with each other, so the number of available IRQs is decreased to 15.

While cli and sti can be used to disable and enable all hardware interrupts, it's sometimes desirable to selectively disable interrupts from certain devices. For this purpose, PICs have an internal 8-bit register called the Interrupt Mask Register (IMR). The bits in this register determine which IRQs are passed on to the CPU. If an IRQ is raised but the corresponding bit in the IMR is set, it is ignored and nothing is sent to the CPU.

IRQs
Of the 15 usable IRQs, some are universally associated with one type of device:
 * IRQ 0 ‒ system timer
 * IRQ 1 — keyboard controller
 * IRQ 3 — serial port COM2
 * IRQ 4 — serial port COM1
 * IRQ 5 — line print terminal 2
 * IRQ 6 — floppy controller
 * IRQ 7 — line print terminal 1
 * IRQ 8 — RTC timer
 * IRQ 9 - X86_Assembly/ACPI
 * IRQ 12 — mouse controller
 * IRQ 13 — math co-processor
 * IRQ 14 — ATA channel 1
 * IRQ 15 — ATA channel 2

Programming
Each of the system's two PICs are assigned a command port and a data port:

Masking
Normally, reading from the data port returns the IMR register (see above), and writing to it sets the register. We can use this to set which IRQs should be ignored. For example, to disable IRQ 6 (floppy controller) from firing:

In the same way, to disable IRQ 12 (mouse controller):

Remapping
Another common task, often performed during the initialization of an operating system, is remapping the PICs. That is, changing their internal vector offsets, thereby altering the interrupt numbers they send. The initial vector offset of PIC1 is 8, so it raises interrupt numbers 8 to 15. Unfortunately, some of the low 32 interrupts are used by the CPU for exceptions (divide-by-zero, page fault, etc.), causing a conflict between hardware and software interrupts. The usual solution to this is remapping the PIC1 to start at 32, and often the PIC2 right after it at 40. This requires a complete restart of the PICs, but is not actually too difficult, requiring just eight s.


text:
X86 Assembly/Programmable Interval Timer

The Programmable Interval Timer (PIT) is an essential component of modern computers, especially in a multi-tasking environment. The PIT chip can be made ‒ by setting various register values ‒ to count up or down, at certain rates, and to trigger interrupts at certain times. The timer can be set into a cyclic mode, so that when it triggers it automatically starts counting again, or it can be set into a one-time-only countdown mode.

On newer hardware, a HPET (High Precision Event Timer), which is an evolution of the PIT concept, is likely to be available.

Function
The PIT contains a crystal oscillator which emits a signal 1193182 hz. This output frequency is divided by three different values to provide three output channels to the CPU. Channel 0 is used as a system timer by most operating systems. Channel 1 was used to refresh the DRAM, but is no longer used and may not even be accessible. Channel 2 is used to control the PC speaker. Of these, channel 0 is the most frequently encountered.

To make the PIT fire at a certain frequency f, you need to figure out an integer x, such that 1193182 / x = f. This is a trivially solved problem which results in the formula:
 * x = 1193182 / f

How this division actually works is that each divisor is saved in an internal register. On every clock pulse, the register is decremented. Only when it reaches 0 is the clock pulse allowed to continue on to the CPU. Higher divisors result in lower frequencies, and vice versa.

Note that because the divisor is 16 bits, and a value of 0 is interpreted as 65536, there are limits on the producible frequencies:
 * max = 1193182 / 1 = 1193182 hz
 * min = 1193182 / 65536 ≈ 18.2065 hz

This final value is also the resolution of the frequency, that is, each consecutive possible frequency differs by 18.2065 hz.

Programming
The PIT is accessed via four ports, three for the three channels and one for commands:

One commonly performed task is setting the frequency of the channel 0, the system timer. If a frequency of 100 hz is desired, we see that the necessary divisor is 1193182 / 100 = 11931. This value must be sent to the PIT split into a high and low byte.


text:
X86 Assembly/Programmable Parallel Interface

The Original x86 PC had another peripheral chip onboard known as the 8255A Programmable Peripheral Interface (PPI). The 8255A, and variants (82C55A, 82B55A, etc.) controlled the communications tasks with the outside world. The PPI chips can be programmed to operate in different I/O modes.


text:
Baseball

Table of Contents
/Rules Of The Game/ /Playing The Game/
 * /Basics/
 * /Objectives/
 * /Field Of Play/
 * /The Ball/
 * /Lineups/
 * /Umpires/
 * /Managers And Coaches/
 * /Advanced Theory and Statistics/
 * /Defense/
 * Fielding Ground Balls
 * Fielding Fly Balls
 * /Throwing/
 * /Handling Baserunners/
 * /Defensive Positioning/
 * Positions
 * /Pitcher/
 * /Catcher/
 * 1st Baseman
 * 2nd Baseman
 * 3rd Baseman
 * /Shortstop/
 * /Outfielder/
 * /Offense/
 * /Hitting Basics/
 * /Hitting Tactics/
 * Hit & Run
 * /Bunting/
 * /Advancing Runners/
 * /Additional Strategies/
 * /Baserunning/
 * /Organized Leagues/
 * /Major League Baseball/
 * /Minor League Baseball/
 * /College Baseball/
 * /Youth Baseball/
 * /Baseball In Other Countries/

Baseball 野球 ਬੇਸਬਾਲ

title: Baseball


text:
Communication Networks/Parallel vs Serial

In a digital communications system, there are 2 methods for data transfer: parallel and serial. Parallel connections have multiple wires running parallel to each other (hence the name), and can transmit data on all the wires simultaneously. Serial, on the other hand, uses a single wire to transfer the data bits one at a time.

Parallel Data
The parallel port on modern computer systems is an example of a parallel communications connection. The parallel port has 8 data wires, and a large series of ground wires and control wires. IDE hard-disk connectors and PCI expansion ports are another good example of parallel connections in a computer system.

Serial Data
The serial port on modern computers is a good example of serial communications. Serial ports have either a single data wire, or a single differential pair, and the remainder of the wires are either ground or control signals. USB, FireWire, SATA and PCI Express are good examples of other serial communications standards in modern computers.

Which is Better?
It is a natural question to ask which one of the two transmission methods is better. At first glance, it would seem that parallel ports should be able to send data much faster than serial ports. Let's say we have a parallel connection with 8 data wires, and a serial connection with a single data wire. Simple arithmetic seems to show that the parallel system can transmit 8 times as fast as the serial system.

However, parallel ports suffer extremely from inter-symbol interference (ISI) and noise, and therefore the data can be corrupted over long distances. Also, because the wires in a parallel system have small amounts of capacitance and mutual inductance, the bandwidth of parallel wires is much lower than the bandwidth of serial wires. We all know by now that an increased bandwidth leads to a better bit rate. We also know that less noise in the channel means we can successfully transmit data reliably with a higher Signal-to-Noise Ratio, SNR.

If, however, we bump up the power in a serial connection by using a differential signal with 2 wires (one with a positive voltage, and one with a negative voltage), we can use the same amount of power, have twice the SNR, and reach an even higher bitrate without suffering the effects of noise. USB cables, for instance, use shielded, differential serial communications, and the USB 2.0 standard is capable of data transmission rates of 480Mbits/sec!

In addition, because of the increased potential for noise and interference, parallel wires need to be far shorter than serial wires. Consider the standard parallel port wire to connect the PC to a printer: those wires are between 3 and 4 feet long, and the longest commercially available is typically 25 meter(75 feet). Now consider Ethernet wires (which are serial, and typically unshielded twisted pair): they can be bought in lengths of 100 meters (300 feet), and a 300 meters (900 feet) run is not uncommon!

UART, USART
A Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) peripheral is used in embedded systems to convert bytes of data to bit strings which may be transmitted asynchronously using a serial protocol like RS-232.

A Universal Synchronous/Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (USART) peripheral is just like a UART peripheral, except there is also a provision for synchronous transmission by means of a clock signal which is generated by the transmitter.


text:
Java Programming/TOC

Preface

 * About this book
 * History of Java
 * Overview of the Java programming language
 * The Java platform (JRE & JDK)

Getting started

 * Installing Java on Your Computer
 * Compiling programs
 * Running Java programs
 * Understanding a Java program
 * Java IDEs

Language fundamentals

 * Statements
 * Conditional blocks
 * Loop blocks
 * Boolean expressions
 * Variables
 * Primitive Types
 * Arithmetic expressions
 * Literals
 * Methods
 * String
 * Objects
 * Packages
 * Arrays
 * Mathematical functions
 * Large numbers
 * Random numbers
 * Unicode
 * Comments
 * Keywords
 * Coding conventions

Classes and objects

 * Defining classes
 * Inheritance
 * Interfaces
 * Overloading methods and constructors
 * Object Lifecycle
 * Scope
 * Nested classes
 * Generics

Aggregate

 * Collection
 * ArrayList
 * Map
 * Comparing Objects

Exceptions

 * Throwing and catching exceptions
 * Checked exceptions
 * Unchecked exceptions
 * Preventing
 * Stack trace
 * Nesting exceptions (chained exceptions)

Concurrent Programming

 * Threads and Runnables
 * Basic Synchronization
 * Client Server Programming
 * Remote Method Invocation (RMI)
 * Enterprise JavaBean Programming (EJB)
 * Java Spaces Programming (Jini)

Annotations

 * Javadoc
 * Introduction to Annotation
 * Creating custom annotations
 * Meta-annotations
 * Helping the compiler

Designing user interfaces

 * Basic I/O
 * Streams
 * Event handling
 * JavaBeans
 * Canvas
 * Graphics
 * Drawing basic shapes
 * Drawing complex shapes
 * Drawing text
 * Understanding gradients
 * Applets

 * }

Reflection

 * Reflection Overview
 * Dynamic Class Loading
 * Dynamic Method Invocation
 * Accessing Private Features with Reflection

Advanced topics

 * Networking
 * Database programming
 * Regular Expressions
 * Libraries, extensions and frameworks
 * 3D programming
 * Java Native Interface
 * Invoking C
 * Byte Code

Appendices

 * Links
 * Glossary
 * Index

title: Java Programming/TOC


text:
Talk:Java Programming/TOC

Use this template at the end of a Java Programming article to put the article in the Java Programming category and to also include the Java Programming navigation aid. --djb 03:46, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Java Programming/TOC


text: Category:Book:Java Programming

title: Category:Book:Java Programming


text:
Talk:Compiler Construction/Lexical analysis

The code in the second section is a horrible mix of pseudocode, VB and Java. Either it should be in pure pseudocode or in a real language; mixing the two does more harm than good.

"Cubic Compiling"?
This section (1.5 as the time of writing) looks like the output of a translator bot at best or a paper generator at worst. The text in this section is utterly uncomprehensible and I was not even able to find out what "cubic compiling" is supposed to be. There is an IDE by the name of CubicIDE, though, so this might be related spam. I suggest to delete this section altogether, but I am not sufficiently certain that this is not merely a heavily mistranslated, legit content. 46.142.17.67 (discuss) 10:25, 21 April 2013 (UTC)

 * The only connection I saw to cubic compiling was that something was at O(n^3) - in particular an ad-hoc algorithm. Unless the author of that article knows something I don't, a cubic O-notation would be a disaster for a recursive-compiler, especially when an interpreter would normally use O(n^2) at worst when doing variable lookups.  It's almost as if the section wants to say the parse tree is bad, but I see absolutely no indication why that would be the case.   Finally, "eradicating" 290000 articles?  Really, word salad doesn't do that.  Since it was always like that, nuke it from orbit just to be sure. --Sigma 7 (discuss • contribs) 15:07, 28 April 2013 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Java Programming/Java Beans

Uses Section unclear
I do not know what User:Dmonego meant/intends in the Uses section: ''In Java and J2EE programming, the structured definition of bean properties is a very useful technique for comparing a single common property across several objects that do not and should not be related with inheritance. The jakarta BeanUtils package is a common way of handling objects in this way.'' Can you elaborate? --djb 04:30, 27 January 2006 (UTC)
 * I have elaborated the first sentence. Ftiercel (discuss • contribs) 05:18, 18 December 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Java Programming/Java Beans


text:
Carpentry/Power Tools/Saws/Circular

Circular Saws

Most people are familiar with the basic circular saw, sometimes called a "skillsaw," though that is a brand, as when one refers to tissue as "Kleenex." These saws are constructed with a pistol-type grip to the rear, and a trigger-button which activates the saw.

Another popular type of saw is the "worm drive" or "framing" saw. This saw is a variation on the circular saw, which is designed to fit in smaller spaces; the motor is at the back. Because there is no motor beside the blade, the saw's width when viewed from the front (the direction of the cut) is much smaller.

These saws, as other tools, are manufactured to varying levels of quality and durability. The plastic ones such as DeWalt are lighter, and for framers cutting in a bent over position that is good! However they do not take well to drops or impacts. A sturdier tool would definitely be one with a metal body such as Ridgid or Makita, though these models are noticeably heavier.

title: Carpentry/Power Tools/Saws/Circular


text:
Talk:Calling Tech Support

A good, abeit humourous article. I swear, more than a few people out there need to learn a few of these rules, and I'm glad someone is trying to help them.. ;) god knows I don't have the patience. --68.85.185.71 07:28, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

and what to do when you ARE the smart guy and the tech support knows nothing ?

 * If thats the case why are you calling tech?

 * Keep trying to fix it or find a friend/forum that knows. 68.39.174.238 10:45, 27 September 2006 (UTC)
 * Doesn't always work unfortunately... A lot of times, i'll change PC hardware, and my internet will die...I know exactly the fix (have Comcast reauthorize the new hardware), but tech support always makes me jump through hoops anyway. Sucks, since I could fix it in a few moments, if they'd smarten up. --69.247.164.232 07:03, 11 April 2007 (UTC)

Thats ok for some...
Firstly we all know how we are supposed to speak on the phone, we all know tech support don't care our cat is ill, they just want to know the problem, only the problem and then try to fix it, apparently. Given certain circumstances i think its ok to lose it on the phone with one, maybe even dream of microwaving them... on defrost... slowly... - See below.

Iv'e encountered many tech support centres covering various pieces of software/hardware/services, in my experiance the software/hardware tech support seem ok and im more than happy to jump through their hoops as long as i feel my problem is going somewhere and is being sorted out. However services, especialy some internet service providers are a nightmare.

Here is my story sad but true...

AOL Technical support stages one AND two need slapped with extream prejudice, after you get through which in my case was normally around 40mins stage one "techs" have no technical knowledge at all they are simply reading text from a screen which contains solutions to common problems, you say "can't connect, iv'e had this problem for a total of 2 months, its not my line spoke to BT its fine, its not my modem i have 3 modems and 4 computers none work, its not the drivers iv'e re-installed them on all machines and tried each machine with each modem" they say "ahh yes i see we went through the tests with you yesterday and it didn't help, then we passed you on to a stage 2 tech. Hmm.. are your modem lights all on?" im going to kill somone, more often than not they are in asia and weirdly enough have common names like "Jim" and "Jane" which are two i can remember, doesn't change the fact that i can't understand a word they say. Then they have an event/problem logging system which only stores your "problem" and the "questions/hoops" you jumped through for 2 days, if you're problem isn't resolved within that time frame they once again have NO idea of your situation, that said even though they have it in front of them, they lead you down the garden path it MUST be to just get on you're nerves because if you're answers are on screen there is no reason for them to ask you the same questions for the 20th time. After my connection working only 10% of the time for 2 months i had a note put on my account saying i was to be transfered to a stage 2 tech/rep without any messing around, same situation only they are more friendly and use more technical speach, and are normally western. They couldn't help either.

Hilarious thing about the entire saga was when it got fixed, i called up one day and i'd been waiting on hold so long i'd fallen asleep on the floor, when i get through the engineer has to wake me up because he can hear me snoring on the other end of the phone. i explain (this must be the 30th time now, and i can reel it all off with ease which makes tech angry because you're answering their questions before they ask them) after which he tells me there is ONE person in the entire AOL Company that can speak to me about my problem and he won't be available for 2 hours (who is that guy?!), i don't want to hang up because iv'e done that before, no one calls back so im back on hold for 1 hour 20 mins and im back asleep, no idea who this bloke was but within 10 mins i had 100% internet connectivity that... after months of calling BT to check my line, and ADSL status, by this time i had installed Windows 98, Me, NT, XP on all 4 of my machines just so it wasn't version dependant, had 3 different versions of the modem drivers, 3 modems, 10 cables, one of my machines had been online for the entire month because Stage 2 techs ask you to "Leave it on so we can do ADSL testing" and ONE bloke manages to sort it in 10 mins.

Now tech support being "right most of the time" is ok in some cases, but spread your company over many continents, throw in bad communication or no communication, horrible problem logging and your rules go out the window and people are trying their hardest to reach down the phone line grab your tounge and throttle you with it.

If the systems set up to help people are not "Made by idiots for idiots" great, iv'e no love for Mr.Technical Support if ITS NOT MY PROBLEM, ITS YOURS (we know its not you're fault as a person, but its your company, your in technical support, you're paid to fix things) NOW FIX IT!

Maybe there should be a set time limit on problems, say for example the problem eventually gets sorted in a few days after waiting months by some guy who is actually switched on today. then you should be allowed by law to remove all of the tech support guys you have spoken to in that time's teeth with a chisel.

P.S: at the time AOL UK was the only ISP that did broadband without capping and at a reasonable rate, i didn't argue i just wanted to download gigs of stuff.

 * First level tech do NOT have no technical knowledge, I work there and my 1st call resolution rate is 93%. The other 7 is passing along to level 2 for line checks, and the occasional reinstall. We do NOT read from the screen, the screen offers guidelines, we have to know exactly how to solve the problems, and if we get agitated it is because we've had one two many people asking us what a modem is that day. These rules are spot on, I wish the IVR read them out before transfering people to an agent.

title: Talk:Calling Tech Support


text:
User:68.85.185.71

wheee--68.85.185.71 07:29, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User:68.85.185.71


text:
Software Engineers Handbook/Language Dictionary/Ada

Ada
Ada is a strongly typed Multi-paradigmed programming language suitable for embedded systems, device drivers and other forms of system programming.

Type
Ada is a full Multi-paradigmed programming language implementing the following paradigmen: concurrent, distributed, generic (template metaprogramming), imperative and object-oriented (class-based) programming.

Execution Entry Point
The procedure name of the entry point can be freely choosen.

General Syntax
The typical statement is completed by a semi-colon. For the assignment of b to a use:

a b

Variable Declarations
Declarations can appear at the beginning of an block.

Declare i as an integer:

I Integer

Here are two ways to declare i as an integer and give it an initial value of 0:

I Integer  0

Method Declaration/Implementation
procedures and functions are declared by the keyword or  respectively. See Ada Programming/Subprograms for details.

A_Test (A, B: Integer; C:  Integer) C := A + B; A_Test;

Minimum (A, B : Integer) Integer A <= B        B;        A;     ; Minimum;

Class methods are primitive operations (procedures and functions) declared in the same scope as the class record. See Ada_Programming/Object_Orientation for details.

Scope
Scope is declared by the use of packages which may consist of three parts: public specification, private specification and body.

Package_With_Body Basic_Record ; Set_A (This :  Basic_Record;                     An_A :      Integer); Get_A (This : Basic_Record) Integer; Basic_Record A : Integer; ; Package_With_Body;

Package_With_Body Set_A (This :  Basic_Record;                     An_A :      Integer) This.A := An_A; Set_A; Get_A (This : Basic_Record) Integer This.A;    Get_A; Package_With_Body;

See Ada_Programming/Packages for details.

Conditional Statements

A Range_Type I_IO.Put (Item => A,                 Width => 3,                 Base  => 10); A < Range_Type'Last T_IO.Put (","); T_IO.New_Line; ;    ;

See Ada Programming/Control for details.

Output Statements

; Hello Ada.Text_IO.Put_Line("Hello, world!"); Hello;

See Ada_Programming/Libraries/Ada.Text_IO for details.

Error Handling/Recovery

See Ada_Programming/Exceptions for details.

Containers
The following predefined packages are now available natively within Ada (since Ada 2005):

These are definite versions - indefinite versions of each area also provided. All containers are unbounded.

Algorithms

Garbage collection
Carbage collections can be either manual or automatic - refer to your compiler handbook. If automatic collection is provided then  can deactivate atomatic collection for the named access type.

For manual deallocation the package is used.

See Ada Programming/Types/access for details.

Physical Structure

Tips

Web References

 * Ada Programming - - (|Index) (this wikibook is a tutorial)

Books and Articles

 * Subject: Ada programming language


text:
Software Engineers Handbook/Language Dictionary/MASM

Microsoft's commercial assembler for the x86 processor.


text:
Symbian

Welcome to the Symbian book at wikibooks. Originally started by the righteous folks from #symbian on freenode, this book hopes to contain some information about programming in Symbian C++. Mostly about features that aren't documented or are hard to find via digging forums.

Getting Started
If you're just getting started, you're best off reading the Wikipedia article about Symbian. There are lots of very useful links at the bottom of the page containing a great collection of tutorials and examples.

Useful links
Some links you'll need:
 * The Symbian Foundation developer website
 * Symbian OS error codes on NewLC.com.
 * Forum Nokia The biggest Symbian-related discussion forum on the web.
 * Symbian Example The collection of stand-alone code examples.
 * Forum Nokia Wiki
 * Forum Nokia Wiki
 * Symbian C++ Google Group

Platforms based on Symbian OS
There are several mobile platforms based on Symbian OS. The most popular ones are Nokia's S60 and UIQ Technology's UIQ. Nokia also has Series 40, which is not a Symbian platform, but is based on Nokia's proprietry closed OS. Series 40 supports J2ME. For more information about J2ME, read the J2ME wikibook.

S60
Nokia's S60, formerly known as Series 60, includes a wide range of phones with varying capabilities. SDKs can be found at Forum Nokia. Especially if you plan to use the newer SDKs you'll need Carbide.vs or Carbide.C++.

UIQ
SonyEricsson owned UIQ, used e.g. by Sony-Ericsson, Motorola and BenQ. SDKs can be found at UIQ.com.

Series 80
Nokia's Series 80 is the communicator series which includes 9300, 9300i and 9500. SDKs can be found at Forum Nokia. The 9200 -series has a separate SDK.

Series 90
Nokia had Series 90 a while back which consisted of only two products, 7700 and 7710. Only 7710 was actually commercially sold. The SDK for Series 90 couldn't be found on Forum Nokia any more, and Series 90's development has been ceased.

Conventions, types and classes
Symbian OS has a lot of coding and naming conventions. The OS also has its own equivalents for primitive types (mostly typedefs), like  (signed int) and   (unsigned short int), and follows a convention for naming classes, for example ,   and.

Memory management
Symbian OS has certain memory management peculiarities. These include the cleanup stack and the usage of two-phase construction.

Exception handling
Symbian OS doesn't use standard C++ exceptions, but employs its own system known as the leave mechanism. Simply put, this consists of code that can possibly leave (roughly throw) and code that can trap leaves (roughly catch).

Descriptors
Symbian OS' conception of strings are descriptors. These are data structures that can hold any binary data, but are used mostly for storing and manipulating text.

Active Objects
Active Objects provide means for cooperative multitasking. Symbian OS itself supports preemptive multitasking, but Active Objects are usually the suggested method for executing various asynchronous tasks.

Resources
Like some other operating systems, Symbian OS uses resources for given, mostly UI-related, definitions. This section tries to explain how to define resources and use them.

Symbian SDKs
Although each platform provides (or should provide) its own SDK, there are few things in common between them.

Symbian SDK on Unix HOWTO - http://www.koeniglich.de/sdk2unix/symbian_sdk_on_unix.html

title: Symbian


text:
Talk:Applied Ecology

This book arose from a discussion point in the Ecology Wikibook, which pointed to the need for 'conservation management' to be included. I have close contact with university students and land managers, where the need seems to be for a text book on applied ecology that centres on the long-term sustainable management of the outcomes of things like, reclamation of industrial sites, and reintroductions of rare species. This would obviously grow into a big project, with distinctive subject matter, so I decided to start it as a separate book. It is at a very early stage, and I must say I miss the availability of integral Wiki software for making mind maps. Its not so easy to reorganise what are essentially provisional basic topics, but 'there you go'--Denis Bellamy 07:54, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

The contents page looks a bit strange, but I have followed the current Wiki naming policy for new books. For each new page this means giving it a name that includes its parent pages, all the way back to the book name. If this is done for a new page (module), a blank page will automatically appear, and it will also be automatically linked back to previous pages.--Denis Bellamy 11:24, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Orphaned Modules
I'm going through the list of orphaned pages and there are four pages there apparently belonging to this book, but not linked from anywhere. Not being familiar with the subject, placing these modules correctly in the context of this project is probably not a task I should perform, but I will list the pages here so that the contributors to this book can find a suitable place for them. Xerol Oplan 03:16, 23 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Applied Ecology/Conervation Management
 * Applied Ecology/Disease Transmission Through Ecosystems
 * Applied Ecology/Environmental Evaluation/Environmental Impact Assessment/
 * Applied Ecology/Rehabilitation of Rare Species

Ref Orphaned Modules
I created these at the time when I was not familiar with formatting wikis. I thought I had deleted them but clearly I do not know how to do this. --Denis Bellamy 07:45, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Applied Ecology


text:
User:とある白い猫

 * This is the user page of Meta:User:とある白い猫

 * User talk:とある白い猫/Dispute resolution

en:User:とある白い猫

title: User:とある白い猫


text:
User talk:とある白い猫

 * This is the user talk page of Meta:User talk:とある白い猫

=Posts=

User:Panic2k4 sockpuppet block/Comment regarding Sockpuppets on Wikibooks English
I do not know the nature of the dispute and decided to provide my outside opinion. It is intended to be my opinions/advice in the matter. Nothing more.

From what I understand, User:Panic2k4 was blocked and his/her sockpuppets continue to edit during the duration of his/her block. There has been checkuser evidence and confessions to back this sockpuppet allegation. However because of the absence of a policy on wikibooks some people feel the block of sockpuppets is unwaranted.

I am a commons admin, and we too do not have a policy on sockpuppets on commons. However aggressive sockpuppets are blocked on commons left right regardless of the absence of a policy to do so. There is no point in having a checkuser on wikibooks if such sockpuppets are not to be blocked.

--Cool Cat 16:37, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi, You left me a comment on my talk page (user: Xania) over on Wikibooks about sockpuppets created by the, currently, banned user Panic. Thanks for your comments.  The issue with Panic isn't really about his sockpuppets and he has made it very clear that they were created by him.  I think he was trying to prove a point (not sure what the point is) and also trying to be helpful (he did a lot of tidy up tasks with these puppets). Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 21:22, 24 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Still sockpuppets should not be used to evade blocks regardless of the intent. No? --Cool Cat 21:46, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I would say no to most occasions but this was civil disobedience without any wrong intentions and it is not covered on the policies so I don't see any harm, if it was used to continue the situation that resulted on the block or engage on any other actions that policies sees as block worthy then yes it should be regarded as bad but little could be done to stop it. --Panic 05:50, 13 March 2007 (UTC)

Where's this all going?
Now the "Dispute Resolution" page has gone, and redirects to Panic's talk page? That seems odd to me. Also, large fractions of the text that were there are no longer present (they are, of course, in the histories for those who go and look). Seems that we're going backwards again. We need this discussion to happen in one place, that won't move around, with some clearly defined goals and a visible, updated current status being prominent. I do appreciate your willingness to help -- just trying to avoid repeating history (as recent history in this case has not been good for the community). -- James Dennett 04:17, 28 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I was asked to 'perhaps' move the discussion to Panic2k4's talk page so he can edit even when blocked. Since he removed the page I have restored it on the original location. -- Cat out 15:51, 28 February 2007 (UTC)

Sorry about all that...
Sorry to have made you lose any of your time on that subject but at least it served to make some people address the issues, please consider participating into our (Wikibooks) policy building. --Panic 05:45, 13 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I am a person who prefers to avoid "policies" since when you set boundaries disruptive individuals dance around those very boundaries. If someone is being disruptive, common sense can easily deal with it. Commons deals with disruptive individuals very effectively for this very reason. My recommendation is to avoid writing out "policies" and deal with disruption on a case by case basis. -- Cat chi? 20:39, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
 * We share the same views then, policies should be made general and few in number, take a look on my [Essay on Decision making and Community consensus on Wikibooks], and btw consider casting your vote on the Staff_lounge/Technical_Chat, txs --Panic 20:46, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I would avoid an essay all together - that also establishes a more generalized set of boundaries. I am too new on wikibooks to vote - and even then I tend to avoid voting on issues. I just make a comment here and there mostly. -- Cat chi? 20:51, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I do not understand why you are trying to work on policies and stuff. Why on earth are you ignoring the mediation thing? -- Cat chi? 20:53, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm monitoring your talk pages and I'm no longer blocked, or dependent on continuation of the imposed mediation, I will reply here or on my talk pages as you prefer, don't copy all the thread there please txs. --Panic 21:18, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Copying a discussion thread to both talk pages is quite a standard way to do it. I have been doing so in the past 2+ years. Fine, I'll reply only here.
 * You still failed to answer my last question.
 * -- Cat chi? 04:55, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Sorry if you are confused (I never used duplication of complete threads on a discussion prior to the moderation) and posting for +-4 years now :), I have replied to your last post (aren't you still monitoring my page?), well it is [there], you can reply there or here if you reply here I will delete the thread there and continue to reply here. Sorry if it is confusing (it is best than to have 2 duplicated threads running at least to me, you can move all posts of the thread from there to here if it makes you more comfortable if you chose to use your talk page that is, gezz even I am getting dizzy). --Panic 05:24, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I monitor no individual talk page. I Work on 4+ wikis and do not have that kind of time. The idea for duplication is better communication so that other people can also better follow it. In any case, I do not particularly care. I'll be replying to you here per your request. I am still waiting for you to answer my last question - or more like questions posed at you on the mediation page. -- Cat chi? 05:43, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * reset

The wikimedia software can monitor pages for you, when I say monitor is add a page to your watchlist, anyway I'll move it all here then... --Panic 06:02, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes. And I do not monitor talk pages of any person. -- Cat chi? 06:51, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

I do not understand why you are trying to work on policies and stuff. Why on earth are you ignoring the mediation thing? -- Cat chi? 20:53, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Humm ?!? What do you want to mediate ? All issues are partially resolved, and the mediation was imposed to me at the time and is no longer needed or required at least on my side, I don't see you will be able to solve the huge cliff that exists between me and some users, I will be glad of any insight you may have on the events or issues but can't see the purpose of any mediation now.
 * I thought that SB Jhonny told you that "most" things were resolved (I remember reading something on those lines).
 * Anyway if you still want to be of any help mending the bridges and be involved into dealing with the deeper problems or lets say divergent views, see for example this discussion Wikibooks_talk:Arbitration_Committee about freedom of participation vs status and for further and deeper insight on some of the view points I don't share with WK take a look at User_talk:Whiteknight it deals mostly on the level of trust and the segmentation of the community in special casts or power groups, the essay is also a good insight on what I believe and in general it deals in the core of all else.
 * Btw I remember reading somewhere, I think it was SB Jhonny, saying that you were more able to discuss legal matters and GFDL subjects is that right? If so I would like you to consider this 2 points.
 * What constitutes a cover page (on wikibooks)?
 * (I hope I'm not misrepresenting WK view but I think I got his point correct on that), WK defines that all wikibooks (the web site) is covered by a single GFDL license any content is therefor a module of that single work (much like wikipedia), I on the other hand say that there are 2 license one for all pages (lets call them modules) on site, but each book is excluded from that general license and falls into a specific license for each, as a stand alone work. WK validates his point on that all content committed is done under a specific notice (the one you see when you edit any page), I on the other hand disagree and defend that a specific notice has to be placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of the GFDL License.
 * If you want to see the original discussion in full I can provide you a link to it.
 * Txs for any input you can provide. (PS: this posts was done after the one I made to your talk page it is not on the diff I pointed to you, you can still move them all) --Panic 06:09, 16 March 2007 (UTC) (edited and removed some stuff that need not be addressed- [original posts] )

 * You haven't been editing the mediation page and I was not told of an agreement. You are welcome to talk about the agreement (whatever that is) on the mediation page for future referance.
 * A lot of the legal arguments and beliefs involving GFDL have never been challenged in court. Weather each page is licensed individually or as a whole under GFDL doesn't really matter. However GFDL notice must be visible on each and every piece of material under that license. It would make more sense to license every book individually.
 * -- Cat chi? 06:51, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Ok will do, can you provide a space near the header or do you prefer I just add a post after the last one ?
 * I don't agree with your conclusion that "Weather each page is licensed individually or as a whole under GFDL doesn't really matter", it can be so for you but you can't generalize and in Wikibooks that is a very important topic and has even implications on what is required to be stated, how the content is ordered and displayed, even on how we provide print versions of the books, or give credits to authors, or even give attributions. Just consider the topic of moving on site pages from books to books.
 * Humm notice is not the link or the full license text, were I said notice, I meant a statement of intentions by the creator(s). --Panic 07:14, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * United States copyright law does not work based on intentions of creators. "All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License."
 * We also license images with different licenses. It would not be practical to license them all under a single license. Every page has a certain number of contributors who hold the copyright to the work they created. GFDL is not a surrender of copyright. It merely is a free license. Not only is every page individually licensed but every edit is individually licensed.
 * -- Cat chi? 07:32, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * reset

United States copyright law does not work based on intentions of creators ?!?, of course it does, in several instances even on the selection of the license or for example only copyright holders can prosecute infringers under the GFDL see the FSF page about that same point, when you license anything under GFDL you grant permission to publish and share the content under very specific rules, you don't give away ownership or any other right (as you say "GFDL is not a surrender of copyright")... Multiple licenses, yes agree, for instance in wikipedia dual license contributions require the users to express they wishes on their userpages that serves as the notice of intentions required by the GFDL license and the others. (WK and I diverge in that he considers any edit grants authorship of a work, I define it as this: Author - Author is the one that creates or contributes for the creation of a work, after creation and/or publication of the work, the one that assumes legal responsibility for it and rights over it, each subsequent alterations to the same work fall in several categories including revisions, re-editions, translations etc... It is considered that a existing work can only be co-authored with the previous authors if significant changes are made so it could be considered a derivative work.) --Panic 17:53, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * 1) So in other words you agree that wikibooks is covered by a general license and a specific license to each book ?
 * 2) Do you agree that the notice on save page performs that function of the notice of intentions or a express agreement of the user to that general license as required and stated on the GFDL?
 * 3) Do you consider them exclusive or inclusive ?
 * 4) If exclusive do you agree that it falls under the definition of AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS as stated on the GFDL ?
 * 5) What then constitutes a title/cover page of a book ?
 * 6) Do you agree also that "Provide a functional link back to the Wikibooks book or Wikibooks module (this satisfies the author credit requirement of our license)" does not cover the independent work that a book constitutes?
 * 7) How do you define an author (or more specifically a book author at wikibooks) ?

 * Multiple licenses can only be used if they are GFDL compatible (non-commercial creative commons is obviously not compatible for instance). Once something is released under GFDL it is non-revoke-able and hence the intentions of the creator becomes irrelevant.
 * The content of any wiki sponsored by the Wikimedia Foundation to my knowledge is licensed under GFDL. I do not see the point of this argument.
 * The "notice" on the save page serves to inform the person editing that what they are typing will be forever licensed under GFDL the second they press the save button. GFDL cannot be revoked.
 * I do not have the slightest idea what this one is asking.
 * Again I do not have the slightest idea what this one is asking.
 * A cover page of the book is the first page that generally contains art work and etc. This is trivial knowledge.
 * I am not sure what you are asking here.
 * Just like wikipedia, wikibooks is a cooperative environment. No book should be written by a single individual. "Author" is everybody involved - vandals (since vandalism will be removed from the final product)
 * I do not understand what you are trying to get at. GFDL is non-revoke-able and all derivative works must be licensed under GFDL. Furthermore, GFDL allows derivative works.
 * -- Cat chi? 18:24, 16 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Were did you get the idea of revoking (I didn't ask anything on that direction) and the questions are strait forward, mostly require a yes or no answer.
 * Yup I agree on the multiple license point, as for the intentions of the creator being irrelevant it's debatable lets take for example the recent post on the staff lounge of an author that intents to use Wikibooks to create his dual license book (I don't want to discuss that just to point out that it may not be so irrelevant as it has implications)
 * So again can you help me on this ones.
 * I know that the content is licensed under the GFDL (I had to be blind not to get that :) ), what I asked is that do you agree that the license that covers the Wikibooks site and its modules is not the same that covers each independent book ?
 * The notice you already answered, and I agree.
 * If Wikibooks is an AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS the licenses are overlapping so are they exclusive or inclusive? from the GFDL text I take it is exclusive. (if not they would be called dependent works :) )
 * What constitutes a title/cover page of a book at Wikibooks ?
 * (I'll reword this one as it is partially answered by some of the above questions) Do you agree also that "Provide a functional link back to the Wikibooks book or Wikibooks module (this satisfies the author credit requirement of our license)" as stated on Copyrights does not cover the requirements of the license of a book at Wikibooks ? (but only every other page that is not part of a independent work.)
 * How do you define an author (or more specifically a book author at wikibooks) ? (and no Wikibooks is not like Wikipedia, Wikipedia deals with a collection of articles and Wikibooks deals with Books and each book has it's own authors and is covered by individual licenses and dependencies, like other books. They are indeed independent works) if you continue to share the statement above then this is also answered and I don't agree with you on this one.
 * I'm not getting at one specific point. I would like to know your understanding of this situations, some are seen differently by several user (not only me). --Panic 18:54, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * (PS: can you archive/delete or basically make some of the posts above go away it's becoming harder to edit) txs --Panic 18:55, 16 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I am not saying that you don't know it. Half of the issues involving GFDL involves this non-revokability.
 * 1. I do not particularly see a legal difference if one considers it individually or as a whole. Each edit has their own individual copyright. Stitching them together into a single book creates a new copyright (GFDL allows that provided you attribute everybody), so it is perhaps both. Legaly, arguing either way doesn't quite matter.
 * 3. All WMF sponsored wikis are writen in a collaborative and cooperative manner. People retain copyright for individual copyright but they release some rights according to GFDL. I do not understand what you mean by "exclusive or inclusive"
 * 4. ? When publishing a book, you can change the title. I do not understand the significance of this.
 * 5. Every bit of history would need to be linked - or a page that links to every bit of history would need to be linked. Sourcing a wiki-page that links to every page of the book is more than adequate citation.
 * 6. What makes wikibooks different from wikipedia? They have the same license?
 * Repetitively asking the same question will get you the same answer from me. I am not a lawyer, and very little material on GFDL has been challenged in court so dealing with GFDL as simplistically as possible is the smart thing to do.
 * If you have questions about GFDL and its implications, your best bet is to ask the GFDL people.
 * -- Cat chi? 02:46, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

 * reset

1. Consider moving a page from a book to the main namespace (the legal requirements) or from book to book (that one is easy one must give credit to the source book) and for example from wikipedia to a book (one must give credit to Wikipedia)... 3. The GFDL creates specific requirements that must be met, considering that a book is a independent work (as defined on 7 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS) I see it as exclusive even if it is overlapped due to the virtualization of the framework we work in (wiki) so this has implication on how one must solve the requirements of the license in 2 specific "spaces" the Wikibooks and the "book" (they are considered 2 separated works), this has implications on point 1. 4. Books on Wikibooks are published as soon they are edited (can be considered a modification or a derived work, depending on the level of contribution, so the question is simple on a book on Wikibooks how do you define the title or cover page as referred on the GFDL ? (this has several implications) 5. Humm I don't agree with you there, (considering we are using a GFDL work as a target) to use any article of Wikipedia (I must only acknowledge Wikipedia as the source), to use something from the Wikibooks namespace (not a book page) I must only acknowledge Wikibooks, to use pages from any GFDL or with a similar license on a book under GFDL (even the one on wikibook) I must acknowledge the source books or authors (depending on how the source is structured and the level of utilization of content from the source), so the problem is simple, we have 2 licenses on for the Wikibooks namespace and one for each books, (on the books references to Wikibooks as source is not required) 6. What makes it different is simple each article on Wikipedia doesn't have its own license, they are all under the namespace, books on wikibooks are stand alone works. Agree I thought you had a better understanding of the legal implications or the application of the license, but tanks for providing you views on the subject. In particular the point you consider Wikibooks and Wikimedia are equal in the its legal structure is a common mistake people do make. Well you didn't respond yet if you do want me to add my post on the mediation on the top or after the last one ? --Panic 03:31, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

I have tried to email the FSF on the US sometime ago but got a server error (the address is not recognized on the server) even if they publish it on the page, I will try FSF Europe next but I'm attempting to establish what the errors/view points/implications are. --Panic 03:35, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

 * 1. Collaborative book writing isn't something new. You are required to credit the source, not the authors. Weather its licensed individually or as a whole or both doesn't matter at all. Arguing either way is pointless since we do not have a basis for it anyways.
 * 3 & 4. Try challenging this point in a court. My or your opinions are irrelevant. Wikibooks is not the median for legal discussions.
 * 5. You are required to cite which page(s) you had been copying. Weather citing the entire book qualifies I do not know. People generally cite pages for verifiability purposes.
 * 6. I was unaware of blanket licensing on wikipedia. Every edit here or there gets its own copyright. People who contribute to either project care more about the common goal (a free encyclopedia/a free book/free whatever) than their individual copyrights. I do not have the slightest clue why you are so worked out about it
 * Please do not waste peoples times with your theories on legal implications of GFDL. You are welcome to publish these theories and get them peer reviewed or alternatively challenge them in court. Questions you ask are unanswerable because we don't have legal cases for basis.
 * -- Cat chi? 04:00, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Ok it seems you don't give the same importance that I give to the use of the GFDL and licensing issues and the need to be clear :and inform the users, it is my view that you are completely mistaken on the part of dual licenses, there can be incompatible licenses that are dual-licensed material. For example, you can have content which is licensed simultaneously under the GFDL and Microsoft EULA. All you are doing is offering multiple alternatives for legal republication of content.

 * Your notion that all Wikimedia sponsored Wikis are under the terms of the GFDL is also incorrect. Wikinews is under the CC-by license, and some of the Wikimedia Foundation pages are a strict proprietary copyright... no license for republication at all. The Wikimania pages are "free to use, but not to modify".

 * You would have to agree here that at least making an administrative edit (adding or removing a category/VfD notice, etc.) does not constitute being considered an author. Certainly reverted vandals don't count. Take for instance this proposal [neta:Summer_of_Code_2007#Authorship_determination] made by Robert (at least I'm not alone on the importance I give the issue), or [or this post from three years ago from Richard Stallman] that dismisses nearly all aggregation arguments that have been used for fair use and license combining on Wikipedia, or this bugzilla request here (Bugzilla:2993).

 * It seems as though deliberate action on the part of several "upper" Wikimedia Foundation members, that they explicitly are trying to stop any kind of authorship recognition. A proposal was even made here on Wikibooks to explicitly ban author pages entirely. (It was blocked).

 * I have no problem with Wikimedia or even the community blocking or working to make attributing copyright harder (this ultimately will benefit us all, as consumers), I do consume more than I produce (and most people do if not closed in a box), what irks me is not stating that openly and let people know it, to me it is working equal to be in bad faith against the users. As an creator my main motivation to participate here was to build stuff and to be able to point to the things I create, by diluting the work one makes how does one state his achievements, or why bother to perform a greater contribution of content if any one can claim to have done it.

 * I assure you if I had understood from the beginning the implications I would not have used Wikibooks and would have created the content outside even under the GFDL (I have no problem with the freedom of the license), for instance I contribute from time to time to wikipedia but I do it anonymously, what I don't like is the convenient way people brush aside the pieces they don't particularly like. (Referring mostly title/cover pages stating the authors or credits given, granting authorship based on the weak history logs, or just because of spell correction or even the rewording of the text, without taking into account the size of contributions, this to my view will only reduce contributors if they are properly informed of the facts, and I don't see a logical reason to do so since the license gives freedom to the content).

 * This is also a poor way of educating people, I can't understand how can anyone claim to have built a house if all they did was hammer a handful of nails.

 * "Signing" an author's page is required to be counted as an author (GFDL - This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be distributed under the terms of this License.) the license states the authors page as the place to do it. --Panic 19:42, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Username rename
I would like my account User:Cool Cat be renamed to User:White Cat as per my wikimedia-wide username change. -- Cat chi? 17:14, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
 * I changed your username here ages ago. -- SB_Johnny | PA! 18:21, 12 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Oh.... O_O my bad. NM NM. :P -- Cat chi? 18:25, 12 March 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Computer. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Computer~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:03, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Cool Cat. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Cool Cat~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:03, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:とある白い猫


text:
Symbian/S80

Introduction
Nokias Series 80 is the communicator series which includes 9300, 9300i and 9500. SDKs can be found at Forum Nokia. The 9200 has a separate SDK.

Connection Preferences
You should not tinker around with CCommsDbConnectionPrefTableView. The same code that works on S60 may run on S80 but won't accomplish anything worthwhile. Instead you should use TCommDbConnPref with RConnection.

CEikAppUi
A class derived from CEikAppUi has some issues with overriding one the ProcessCommandParametersL methods. It was something to do with the return values, at least ETrue didn't work quite as with S60. Will get back to this when i get around to testing again. Could be that ProcessMessageL override didn't go down too well either so if your app isn't starting be sure to check these methods out.

Keyboard layout
A quick reference of the keyboard layout in TKeyEvent.iScanCode:

 * Esc        : 4
 * Numbers 0-9 : 48-57
 * Plus       : 131
 * Backspace  : 1
 * Tab        : 2
 * Letters a-z : 65-90
 * Enter      : 3
 * Caps Lock  : 26
 * Left Shift : 18
 * Minus      : 123
 * Left       : 14
 * Right      : 15
 * Up         : 16
 * Down       : 17
 * Joy Left   : 170
 * Joy Right  : 171
 * Joy Up     : 172
 * Joy Down   : 173
 * Joy Fire   : 174
 * Right Shift : 19
 * Ctrl       : 22
 * Chr        : 24
 * Comma      : 121
 * Dot        : 122
 * Space      : 5
 * Menu       : 148

title: Symbian/S80


text:
Symbian/S60

Introduction
Nokia's S60, formerly known as Series 60, is a mobile platform based on Symbian OS. S60 includes a wide range of phones with varying capabilities. Most of these phones are made by Nokia, but S60 is also licensed to some other cell phone manufacturers, like Panasonic and Samsung. For general information about S60 see the article in Wikipedia.

The platform comprises of various libraries and pre-installed applications. Platform is open (but not open source), so 3rd parties can develop applications for it. Nokia offers software development kits for S60, and a list of SDKs can be found at Forum Nokia. Especially if you plan to use the newer SDKs you'll need Carbide.vs.

Resources
S60 resource definitions can sometimes be pretty tedious to write, because of the total lack of proper documentation. The best place to look for information about resource definitions is examples, found in the Series60Ex directory of the SDK, but they too are far from perfect. One control totally missing from the examples in some SDK version is CAknMessageQueryDialog, which is actually quite useful and once you know how, very easy to use. Here's how to define a working resource for this: RESOURCE DIALOG r_messagequery_dlg { flags = EGeneralQueryFlags | EEikDialogFlagNoBorder | EEikDialogFlagNoShadow; buttons = R_AVKON_SOFTKEYS_OK_EMPTY; items= {   DLG_LINE {     type = EAknCtPopupHeadingPane; id = EAknMessageQueryHeaderId; control = AVKON_HEADING {       label = "The Heading"; };     },    DLG_LINE {     type = EAknCtMessageQuery; id = EAknMessageQueryContentId; control = AVKON_MESSAGE_QUERY {       message = "The Actual Text"; };     }    };  } Note that both the header and the message text can be set dynamically from code. The following code, however, uses the values given in the resource: CAknMessageQueryDialog* dlg = new (ELeave) CAknMessageQueryDialog; dlg->ExecuteLD( R_MESSAGEQUERY_DLG );
 * CAknMessageQueryDialog

Camera
On at least, two phones the support for the old RCameraServ has been dropped. If you link your app against cameraserver.lib it will not start on a 3230 or a 6260. Instead you should use the new CCamera class.

CFbsBitmap
When using newer than 6.1 SDKs (note: not sure if 9.1 still has this), loading the alpha channel (mask) of a PNG into a CFbsBitmap of color depth EGray16 doesn't work. You must use a colordepth of EGray256 for the mask, otherwise MiuoConvertComplete will always return with an error. After the conversion is complete you can convert back to EGray16.
 * Transparency

On the new 9.1 SDK a call to CFbsBitmap::DataAddress causes a crash if it's not preceded by a call to LockHeap (remember to call UnlockHeap when you're done with the address).
 * DataAddress

title: Symbian/S60


text:
User:Vesa~enwikibooks

Contact through irc at freenode channel #symbian.

title: User:Vesa~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Konstable~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * Check out our help page if you need additional help.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Take a look at Naming policy
 * See list of templates which can save your time
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page.

Good luck!--Shanel 15:52, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Image:Yellow.png
I noticed that you tagged Image:Yellow.png as public domain. However, I did not believe your argument that it was an "uncreative work". Thus I removed the tag.

But I am now aware that Image:Yellow.png is a duplicate of Image:50%.png, which is copyrighted but licensed through the GNU Free Documentation License. Thus I tagged it GFDL and redundant. --Kernigh 16:42, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I zoomed in with an image viewer, and apparently these images are simple 9-pixel-by-9-pixel drawings of squares. You might be correct about PD; there appears to be nothing significantly creative except possibly the choice of color. --Kernigh 00:29, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Non-commercial use
While I appreciate your efforts to try and get copyright clearance for several images, I want to let you know that non-commercial use only limitations are not permitted on Wikibooks. There are several reasons for that, not the least of which is that it violates the terms of use for the GNU Free Document License.

You can get some more information about why non-commercial use is harmful elsewhere, but this is an issue that has been discussed openly and widely on many forums throughout Wikimedia projects. There are commercial ventures that do use this content, including ordinary Wikimedia users who simply want to charge for copying a bunch of CD's or DVDs full of Wikibook or Wikipedia content. Not an arm or a leg for doing that, just to take care of the costs of running the burner and taking their time to make the physical media. Or people who are trying to publish these books at even a nominal markup price.

If somebody is offering permission to copy images or other content, but is only willing to give a non-commercial license, we have to politely decline and apoligize for even taking their time. If you have any other questions about this, feel free to drop a line on my talk page. --Rob Horning 07:24, 2 February 2006 (UTC)

Images
I emailed him back, but he hasn't responded yet. I think my email may have never arrived, so I'll email him again tonight. --Shanel 23:15, 9 February 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Konstable. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Konstable~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:20, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:10, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Konstable~enwikibooks


text:
Cookbook talk:Placenta

Eating human flesh
Eating human flesh is called cannibalism. This entry is not scholarly, it is a cannibal cookbook.

---

What does this mean? Needs rewriting... Uncooked or preparation of human placenta can transmit... 85.226.122.155 17:18, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

Don't delete this valuable resource!
I'm shocked to see that there's a movement to delete this page. I realize placentas are probably not commonly eaten, but as far as I can see the only argument people have against it is that the idea offends their own sensibilities, and therefore they want all references to it removed. I'm standing up and saying i'm not offended; on the contrary I'm intruigued. I'm a vegetarian, but I have no objections to the consumption of human placenta with the consent of the mother (it would be unfair to eat animal placentas, as they are usually eaten by the mothers). In fact I, after reading this page, am now very much interested in partaking in a meal of human placenta at some point in my life. Thankyou wikicookbook, for opening my mind to these new possibilities :) please don't deprive others of that same experience! --86.135.178.19 21:56, 15 September 2005 (UTC)

 * It was decided to not delete this. Kellen T 03:45, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

 * I can see that, and I'm glad. Just saying that it was the right thing to do :) 86.135.178.19 18:04, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Placenta


text:
General Astronomy/Thermal Radiation

Thermal radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a particular frequency range. All objects emit energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. As the atoms are shaken by random thermal motion, the moving charge of the electrons causes them to emit a changing electromagnetic field. In general, the cooler the body, the slower the motion of its atoms and molecules, and the longer the wavelength of emitted radiation. Thus a human body emits mostly in the infrared part of the spectrum, making night vision cameras so valuable to the military and police. But the tungsten filament of an incandescent light bulb is at a much higher temperature (roughly 3000 K or about 5000 degrees F), causing it to emit mostly visible light.

Thus the spectrum and intensity of the emitted radiation can be used to determine the object's temperature from a distance. If a material is heated above 700 Kelvin, it begins to glow visibly - starting out as a dark red color and moving towards the blue end of the spectrum with increasing temperature. However, most objects radiate a wide range of temperatures, and the effective color perceived by the human eye may not be fully indicative of the true temperature. For example, the Sun appears white to most observers, but the wavelength at which it radiates most of its energy is about 5800 K or roughly 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, which spectroscopically is equivalent to a green color. However, when the human eye detects the various wavelengths we receive from the Sun, in particular ratios of radiation emitted by the Sun, our eye-brain connection perceives it as white.

title: General Astronomy/Thermal Radiation


text:
User:Asea~enwikibooks

Hanging at #symbian at irc.freenode.net

title: User:Asea~enwikibooks


text:
User:Sharad

Hello, this is sharad, Physiotherapist by profession, specialised in Orthopaedic Physiotherapy. Interests - Intellectual disscussions on varied topics

title: User:Sharad


text:
Talk:Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Beginning Modeling Final Project

This has the unmistakeable quality of having been written by a teacher....

Not complaing. Just kinda find it funny.


text:
User talk:209.181.10.153

Blender 3D: Noob to Pro
Why do you blank this page? --Derbeth talk 20:29, 27 January 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:209.181.10.153


text:
Speech-Language Pathology/Stuttering/Response Selection Under Stress/Personal Construct Therapy

No one needs to be completely hemmed in by circumstances; no one needs to be the victim of his biography.

— George Kelly, The Psychology of Personal Constructs (1955)

In every situation, you always have a choice of how to react. This insight is the basis of personal construct therapy (PCT). The goal of PCT is to develop awareness of your choices in every situation. The antithesis is to always react the same way to stressful situations.

If you make the same speech choices in high-stress situations, no amount of practice in a low-stress speech clinic will change your speech. E.g., if you always substitute words "when the going gets tough," you're not going to use gentle onsets in a difficult situations, even after practicing 5,000 gentle onsets in the speech clinic.

To develop awareness of your choices, describe a situation in which you stuttered. Imagine different ways you could have responded to the situation.

Role-play the scene with your speech-language pathologist or in your support group. When someone sees a choice that hasn't been played, switch roles, for that person to play the new choice. E.g., the situation is answering the telephone at work. One person pretends to be a caller, and the other pretends to be the employee answering at Pasquale's Pizza. The employee uses slow speech. But another choice might be to switch to voiced consonants, i.e., answering the phone Basdahllee's Bizza. You should be able to think of a half-dozen other possibilities. Role play every choice and see what feels best.

Slow Down by Not Interrupting

Conscious choice requires slow reactions. In a fast reaction to environmental stimuli, your brain will select the most myelinated (habitual) open-loop motor program. Interrupting people, or responding quickly in a conversation, is a fast reaction.

Let people finish their sentences. Wait two seconds. Then start talking. Your fluency will improve.

Verbal Aikido

Aikido is a Japanese martial art. Combatants focus not on punching or kicking opponents, but rather on using their own energy to gain control of them or to throw them away from you.

Verbal aikido is the art of not arguing, but instead agreeing with someone who is verbally attacking you. Then you help the assailant attack you, until—surprise—he realizes that he's just been made to look like a fool.

E.g., a middle-aged, overweight woman owned a chain of women-only health clubs. Middle-aged, overweight women could work out in these health clubs without feeling intimidated by young male bodybuilders.

A "shock jock" radio host invited the health club owner onto his show. He described her physical appearance, then asked why anyone would want to work out at a health club owned by a fat, ugly old lady.

She responded, "So we don't have to work out with boorish meatheads like you."

This silenced the radio host long enough for her to say that overweight, middle-aged ladies have to exercise too, and the radio host was a perfect example of the men she didn't want to have to be around when she exercised.

My example of the parents responding to their teenagers' four-letter words is another example of verbal aikido.

Use verbal aikido to turn around the stress. E.g., a highway patrol officer pulls you over for speeding. Instead of trying to hide your stuttering, you make a joke: "I stutter, so I'm not going to try to talk you out of giving me a ticket." Maybe this will put the officer in a good mood and let you go with a warning.

Changing Self-Descriptions

Many stutterers improve their speech, yet continue to believe that their speech is worse than non-stutterers. Graduates of fluency shaping therapy programs sometimes have beautiful, clear speech that is easier and more pleasant to listen to than non-stutterers' speech. Yet they continue to believe that they can't do certain things, such as public speaking.

Conversely, stutterers who improve their speech attitudes have better speech a year after completing therapy, as compared to stutterers who maintain poor attitudes.

Write a description of yourself, and then describe who you expects to be in five years. Look for items that are opposite in the two descriptions. E.g., now you're now single, but in five years you hope to be married.

Then write a description of yourself as a stutterer, and then describe who you'd be if you didn't stutter. E.g., assertive vs. shy, or popular vs. lonely. These descriptions are your personal constructs.

Work on changing your personal constructs. Again, imagine specific situations for each personal construct. E.g., if you wrote that you'd be assertive instead of shy, describe a recent situation in which you weren't assertive. Now role-play the scene with your speech-language pathologist or your support group. Imagine different ways to react in the situation and switch roles.

"Who Would I Be If I Didn't Stutter?"

This is a favorite conversation topic at stuttering support groups. People initially say, "I'd be more successful at work," "I'd be more assertive with my husband and family," and other negative aspects of stuttering.

After fifteen minutes, people start saying, "If I didn't stutter, I'd be less compassionate," or "I would never have developed my musical talent." People realize that they chose a career in a "helping profession" (e.g., nursing or teaching), or they developed non-verbal skills, such as athletics or painting, because they stutter. They realize positive aspects of stuttering. They see that stuttering can be a gift.

In contrast, a stutterer completed a speech therapy program, but refused to speak fluently. He said that his co-workers had listened to his stuttering for 20 years. He asked, "What would they think if I came to work speaking fluently?"

Another stutterer was earning $25,000/year as a computer programmer. His supervisor left, and the company wanted to promote the stutterer. He would receive a salary of $55,000/year. The management position required talking to clients on the telephone. The company offered to pay for speech therapy and an anti-stuttering device. The stutterer refused the promotion, saying that he didn't want to talk to anyone. The company instead hired a less-qualified manager from outside the company.

For these stutterers, the psychological issues surrounding stuttering are more disabling than their disfluencies.

Change Your Lifestyle

As your improve your fluency, ask your supervisor for tasks that require talking. Do social activities that involve talking.

Training a new motor skill requires about three million repetitions. To say three million words, you must talk at least four hours a day for at least six months.

Take an acting class. Take singing lessons. You'll have fun, and meet new people. You'll get over your speech-related fears.

You'll find some things other people can easily do that you can't, but you'll also find things you can easily do that other people can't. E.g., I took a public speaking course. I was able to project your voice, when other students are afraid to raise their voices. I was able to switch emotions (anger, sadness) easily and convincingly, when other students couldn't. And there were simple presentations that you couldn't understand a word I said.

Volunteer to read to blind or elderly individuals. Volunteer at a hospital directing visitors where to go. Volunteer with your public radio station answering pledge week calls.

Or moonlight at a job that requires talking. Find a job that requires being charming and friendly.

Join social clubs that requires talking. Put Toastmasters at the top of your list. Members give a series of ten speeches, usually one speech per month. The speeches are four to ten minutes long. Each of the ten speeches teaches you a new skill, such as using gestures and body language, or being persuasive on a controversial topic. Judges always point out things you did well—and award lots of ribbons—as well as ways you can improve. You'll find that even if you stutter severely, you're better than non-stutterers at some aspects of public speaking.

The National Stuttering Association has its own public speaking training program, which is quite different from Toastmasters. Ask for the "Speaking Circles" video.

References

 * 1) Andrews, G., Cutler, J. "Stuttering Therapy: The relation between changes in symptom level and attitudes." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 39, 312-319, 1974.
 * 2) Guitar, B. & Bass, C. (1978). "Stuttering therapy: The relation between attitude change and long-term outcome." Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, 43, 392-400.


text:
How To Become A Good Student/Chapter 5 - Helping Others And Advising

Why help others? Ever thought of how well a professor knows the information; think he or she knew it that well the first time they taught it? I'll bet they didn't. When you take the time to help or teach someone else you're repeating the concept or facts in your own mind, verbalizing it, and thinking through it critically. The only caution I would give on helping others is if your professor grades on curve. You may help out the other too much and cut yourself out of the grade you deserve. - jf (a solid C student)