text:
MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist

# #
 * 1) DO NOT MODIFY THIS LIST UNLESS YOU HAVE A BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF REGEX! #
 * 1) DO NOT MODIFY THIS LIST UNLESS YOU HAVE A BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF REGEX! #
 * 1) This is a list of domain names which are blocked - nobody can add new links to these domains
 * 2) Syntax:
 * 3)    - Everything from a "#" character to the end of the line is a comment
 * 4)    - Every non-blank line is a regex fragment which will only match hosts inside URLs

\bwsecure\.ist-sehr\.ne\b                  # 2007-07-28 \bparanoiaagent\.com\b                     # 2007-08-02 \badultswim\.com\/shows\/paranoiaagent\b   # 2007-08-02 \bbeanilla\.com\b                          # 2007-08-03 \binsuranceonlinelive\.com\b               # 2007-08-22 \bwatchesonline\.no2\.pl\b                 # 2008-01-07 \bmygo2go\.net\b                      # 2008-02-21 \bphpdevelopers\.rankingoogle\.com\b  # 2008-02-26 \bmichandler\.net\b                   # 2008-03-01 \bmsm\-int\.com\b                     # 2008-03-01 \bm19tv\.com\b                        # 2008-03-01 \bdvizionz\.com\b                     # 2008-03-01 \bmistakenclothing\.com\b             # 2008-03-01 \bfpjeans\.com\b                      # 2008-03-01 \baladourandsmithclothing\.com\b      # 2008-03-01 \bsabremochachinogroup\.com\b         # 2008-03-01 \brhonpadmore\.com\b                  # 2008-03-01 \benigmapublicrelations\.com\b        # 2008-03-01 \beshopping\.ganso\.com\.cn\b         # 2008-04-11 \btiaoma\.promote668\.com\b           # 2008-04-11 \b128bj\.com\b                        # 2008-04-11 \b366pp\.com\b                        # 2008-04-11 \bbanjiagongsi\.bj\.cn\b              # 2008-04-11 \bbjbnhd\.com\b                       # 2008-04-11 \bbjdfls\.cn\b                        # 2008-04-11 \bbjlcxyx\.com\.cn\b                  # 2008-04-11 \bbjshwx\.com\.cn\b                   # 2008-04-11 \bbjtayx\.com\b                       # 2008-04-11 \bbjwwh\.com\b                        # 2008-04-11 \bbjywjz\.cn\b                        # 2008-04-11 \bbjywkj\.com\.cn\b                   # 2008-04-11 \bchina-coffee\.com\b                 # 2008-04-11 \beast8west\.com\b                    # 2008-04-11 \bedu999\.com\b                       # 2008-04-11 \bguojijipiao\.bj\.cn\b               # 2008-04-11 \bhunsha\.bj\.cn\b                    # 2008-04-11 \bhunshasheying\.bj\.cn\b             # 2008-04-11 \bjia688\.com\.cn\b                   # 2008-04-11 \bjiaodai\.bj\.cn\b                   # 2008-04-11 \bjustmark\.com\.cn\b                 # 2008-04-11 \bjynh\.com\.cn\b                     # 2008-04-11 \bktshwx\.com\.cn\b                   # 2008-04-11 \blewanjia\.com\.cn\b                 # 2008-04-11 \blkly\.com\.cn\b                     # 2008-04-11 \blovingem\.com\b                     # 2008-04-11 \bmymjj\.com\b                        # 2008-04-11 \bnaxd\.com\b                         # 2008-04-11 \bpromote668\.com\b                   # 2008-04-11 \bqingxin159\.com\b                   # 2008-04-11 \bqlx81\.com\b                        # 2008-04-11 \bqxly\.net\b                         # 2008-04-11 \bshengdanshu\.bj\.cn\b               # 2008-04-11 \bstartsh\.com\b                      # 2008-04-11 \bwgbaobao\.com\b                     # 2008-04-11 \bxcyy120\.com\b                      # 2008-04-11 \byuesaofuwu\.bj\.cn\b                # 2008-04-11 \bzhuanzhixuanyun\.com\b              # 2008-04-11 \byuesao\.promote668\.com\b           # 2008-04-11 \btravel-carhire\.com\b               # 2008-04-14 \bconcordsupplies\.com\b              # 2008-05-09
 * 1) Added by Webaware

\bads?\b  # readded 2008-02-25 by darklama, used MediaWiki:Spam-whitelist to allow genome.ad.jp to work xxx p[o0]rn \d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3}\.\d{1,3} # blocks any links with an IP address in it. e.g. 127.0.0.1
 * 1) These should hopefully stop some common spam

 * 1) Reviewing an ip unblock req (84.45.219.185) deleted contribs show these! 31 08 07
 * 2) Plus further offerings from the same IP across wikis

\b(rock|trent|ram|reddragon|mercia)fm\.co.uk\b \bwickedweasel\.com\b \bdrive\.com\.au\b \bnorthants96\.co\.uk\b \bradioaire\.co\.uk\b \bmalibustrings\.com\b \bq103\.co\.uk\b \btoniandguy\.co\.uk\b

\bpsychology\.tk\b                       #24/03/09 \bpsychology\.comoj\.com\b               #24/03/09 \bmoushumy\.tk\b                         #25/03/09 \bpasswordunlocker\.com\b                #21/02/10 \bsahranjit\.com\b                       #12/03/10 \bhimalayanmart\.com\b                   #09/06/10 \bonthebroadway\.com\b                   #16/03/11 \bcrusherplants\.com\b                   #15/04/11 \bdesginweddingdress\.com\b              #15/04/11 \bthedietsolutionprogram-exposed\.org\b  #21/04/11 \bamykidsshop\.com\b                     #23/05/11 See User:AmyKidShopWear \bfirminite\.com\b                       #27/05/11 \bdoggroomingboutique\.com\b             #09/06/11 \bsymbian-kreatif\.co\.cc\b              #12/06/11 \bflashpapers\.com\b                     #17/06/11 \borthopedic-implants\.com\b             #17/06/11 \bsmart-realestate\.com\b \btidalhomes\.co\.uk\b \bvxlrt\.com\b \bmagazinecafeny\.com\b                  #30/07/11 User:Magazinecafeny \bmanatnet\.com\b                        #12/09/11 \bshirinxanim-shadiman\.net\b            #13/09/11 \bgadgetsdotcom\.com\b                   #14/09/11 User:Xadmin \binvestmentinfunds\.co\.uk\b            #14/09/11 \btopcartiershop\.org\b \btopjewelryoutlet\.com\b \bredlinesuperstore\.com\b               #27/09/11 \bcartier4love\.net\b \btopwatchshop\.org\b \bbest-inexpensive-web-hosting\.com\b \brofingi\.com\b \beaglefit\.com\b                        #26/12/11 \bthemitralvalve\.org\b                  #11/01/12 \bruzgarenerjisi\.gen\.tr\b              #24/01/12 \blinkyoursite\.net\b                    #29/01/12 \belsatercume\.com\b                     #29/01/12 \bmyarcadeonlinegames\.com\b             #25/02/12 \bmumsandbaby\.com\b                     #28/02/12 User:Mumsandbaby \bmustangsoflascolinas\.net\b            #28/02/12 \bmusictorunto\.net\b                    #28/02/12 \bcontroledegestion\.org\b               #02/03/12 Repeated page create and new account vandalism \btimwoods\.org\b                        #07/03/12 \btvandvideodirect\.co\.uk\b             #19/03/12 \bmonliver\.com\b                        #04/04/12 \bwholesalejerseys\.com\b                #25/09/12 \binkjetsuperstore\.com\b                #30/09/12 \bverynorthfacejackets\.com\b            #29/11/12 \bfosamaxlawsuit12\.altervista\.org\b    #24/01/13 \bmedicalsymptomssearch\.net\b           #11/02/13 \bultimate-guitar\.com\b \bwikitabs\.org\b \bbettylou\.zzruss\.com\b \btabs\.ultimate-guitar\.com\b \bguitaretab\.com\b \bdiscussessays\.com\b \bessayboards\.com\b \bintegrationtraining\.co\.uk\b \bmywikibiz\.com\b \bamazon\.com\b \bamazon\.co\.uk\b \bplagiarism-checker\.me\b \bdiva88bet\.com\b \bcalculussensei\.com\b \bradiumcore\.org\b \bactionnetwork\.org\b \blinkedin\.com\b
 * 1) Added by QuiteUnusual (DD/MM/YY)

\btabs-lyrics\.com\b
 * 1) Added by Az1568. Seems to be a problem on Guitar

\ben\.mystlore\.com\b                  #05/04/08 \bphotos-[a-z](\.ak)?\.facebook\.com\b #28/08/08 \btrademark-1\.com\b                   #13/10/08 spam on US trademark law and Canadian Trade-mark law \bwepapers\.com\b                      #10/01/09; see m:User:COIBot/XWiki/wepapers.com \bdiagnosticautomation\.com\b          #23/04/09; see m:User:COIBot/XWiki/diagnosticautomation.com \bmvphomevideo\.com\b                  #01/09/09
 * 1) Added by Mike.lifeguard (uses DD/MM/YY)

\bbusinessbookmall\.com\b               # 17 Nov 2009; see m:User:COIBot/XWiki/businessbookmall.com \bcapeconsultancy\.com\b                # 8 Dec 2009; via User:Raja.ccs \bcash-gift-trainer\.com\b              # 8 Dec 2009; via User:Cashgiftingmentor \bjadefinejewelry\.com\b                # 14 Dec 2009; via User:Jack4673 and User:Loveforever199 spamming Jade jewelry \bresidualprofits\.us\b                 # 16 Dec 2009; via User:Residualincomebusiness \bcommence\.com\b                       # 17 Dec 2009; via 123.237.134.207, 59.93.4.170, and 59.93.32.134 to Wiki Science \bpuretravel\.com\b                     # 21 Dec 2009 \bgteservices\.com\b                    # 23 Dec 2009; via User:GTEservices \bextremesmartproducts\.com\b           # 11 Jan 2010; via User:Dumaguete \bmusthighschool\.com\b                 # 16 Mar 2010; via User:Jackiboa \bbodybuildingrevealed\.com\b           # 30 Mar 2010; via User:Lar789 \blamuscle\.com\b                       # 6 Apr 2010; via User:SportsSupplements \bovernightpools\.com\b                 # 27 Apr 2010; via 208.75.10.42 \bnoxedge\.com\b                        # 3 June 2010; via User:Shirnie12 \bacaiberrytablets\.com\b               # 8 July 2010; via User:Parkerpalmers \bhuthwaite\.com\b                      # 14 July 2010; via User:Holmandrew \brecoverlostpassword\.com\b            # 15 July 2010; via User:Annyyu22 \bmlmedge\.co\.uk\b                     # 5 August 2010; via User:Moor \bsport-hats\.com\b                     # 17 August 2010; via User:Jacoben \bfloorscrubbers\.com\b                 # 16 September 2010; via User:Axr0101 \bunbeatable\.co\.uk\b                  # 17 September 2010; via 180.190.170.182 \bamerisleep\.com\b                     # 28 September 2010; via User:RobertRichardson \bwatchfreemoviesonlinedaily\.com\b     # 18 October 2010; via 115.111.45.23 \bmackeeper\.zeobit.com\b               # 30 October 2010; via User:Roor \bwindowspasswordrecovery\.net\b        # 14 December 2010; via User:Maggiena \bmyessay\.co\.uk\b                     # 15 December 2010; via User:Emythmakers \bsahibafabrics\.com\b                  # 2 January 2011; via User:Sahibafabrics \bgainonlinebusiness\.com\b             # 5 January 2011; via User:Lindaray42 \bbigstarlimos\.com\b                   # 10 January 2011; via User:Bigstarlimo \bmysite\.verizon\.net\b                # 14 January 2011; self-hosting website \bbo-oks\.info\b                        # 23 January 2011; via User:Meganag \bkitchenfloortiles\.info\b             # 24 January 2011; via User:Tileskitchen \btenorshare\.com\b                     # 28 January 2011; via User:Angelican \birsbanklevyhelp\.com\b                # 28 January 2011; via 199.43.48.147 \bcomeze\.com\b                         # 2 February 2011; via User:Addisson2000 \bdailyracing\.com\.au\b                # 10 February 2011; via User:Horseracings40 \bconfiguratorondemand\.com\b           # 21 February 2011; via User:Configuratorondemand \brtdesigngroup\.com\b                  # 24 February 2011; via User:Webdesign11 \bwikia\.com\b                          # 25 February 2011 \bwindows7password\.net\b               # 4 March 2011; via User:Windowspasswordreset \belectroniccigaretteburn\.com\b        # 10 March 2011; via User:Electric Cigarette \bempowerbpo\.com\b                     # 9 April 2011; via User:Jasongaya01 \bslimscustomcases\.com\b               # 16 May 2011; via User:Epworthslim \bindusmedia\.in\b                      # 17 May 2011; via User:Indusmediain \bprintsasia\.com\b                     # 19 May 2011; via User:Scottaleger \bbestdietpills4weightloss\.com\b       # 31 May 2011; via User:JohnTroatt \bbexbartercard\.com\b                  # 3 June 2011; via User:BEXbarter \baboutxraytechnician\.com\b            # 4 June 2011; via User:Jeanpaul \bjamesisbored\.com\b                   # 14 June 2011; via 167.206.128.202 \bessayhelppros\.co\.uk\b               # 20 June 2011; via 202.141.224.8 \beasyessayhelp\.com\b                  # 22 June 2011; via User:PeterAllen \bmycaal\.com\b                         # 29 June 2011; via User:Joeyboi \bcreditcardsinstantly\.co\.uk\b        # 5 July 2011; via User:Comparecc \bcashfinder\.com\.au\b                 # 5 July 2011; via User:Instantloans9 \binternetinsurance\.com\.au\b          # 5 July 2011; via User:Instantloans9 \bmaketodaypayday\.co\.uk\b             # 5 July 2011; via User:Paydayloans22 \bbacklinkbuild\.com\b                  # 11 July 2011; via User:Mimo \blinkbuildingservices4u\.com\b         # 11 July 2011; via User:Lnkbuildingservices4u \bdiamondlinks\.net\b                   # 11 July 2011; via User:Allensmith \bchoithraminternational\.com\b         # 11 July 2011; via User:Bajrangkhichi96 \bproxykey\.com\b                       # 11 July 2011; spotted at PL-12 \bhostseo\.org\b                        # 11 July 2011; spotted at PL-12 \bhowtomakeyourbreasts-bigger\.com\b    # 17 July 2011; via User:Think8811 \bmelbournebrothelsguide\.com\.au\b     # 9 August 2011; via 61.17.213.90 \bsuperiorpapers\.com\b                 # 24 February 2012; via User:ReccaHanz \bquangduc\.com\.vn\b                   # 30 March 2012; via User:Xvip87 \bmuzseo\.com\b                         # 6 April 2012; via User:Seocomp23 \bcommon-sense-marketing\.com\b         # 6 April 2012; via User:Longtermloan \blanguagebookings\.com\b               # 11 April 2012; via User:Languagebookings \bessayfast\.com\b                      # 11 April 2012; via User:Miyoko Moua \bnulinewindows\.com\.au\b              # 12 April 2012; via User:BifolddoorsMelbourne
 * 1) Added by Adrignola

\bmyessaywriter\.com\b                  # 15 June 2010; via 93.190.183.46 \badventistanswers\.com\b               # 23 June 2010; via 98.23.2.127, 68.62.46.242 \bpatiomarket\.com\b                    # 20 Oct 2010; via 190.186.180.159 \bbestessayhelp\.com\b                  # 21 Oct 2010; via 77.123.217.142 \bbookwormlab\.com\b                    # 21 Oct 2010; via 77.123.217.142 \blocaldogwalker\.com\b                 # 15 Mar 2011; via User:Localdogwalker \bprofessay\.com\b                      # 21 Mar 2011; via 92.244.116.149 \bstrilaringen\.org\b                   # 22 Mar 2011; via 180.214.242.74 \bgedpracticetestsonlines\.com\b       # 24 Mar 2011; via 119.152.50.94 \bmayfairglobalevents\.com\b           # 25 Mar 2011; via User:Mayfairglobalevents \baesolarsystems\.com\b                #  6 Apr 2011; via 222.254.63.101 \bhorizondrinks\.net\b                 #  6 Apr 2011; via 222.254.63.101 \bcard-data-recovery\.com\b            #  7 Apr 2011; via User:Molicasolis \biskspot\.com\b                       #  9 May 2011; via User:Davidrezo73 et al \bpromdressmarket\.com\b                # 11 May 2011; via User:Prom dress \belectroniccigarette2k\.com\b         #  1 Jun 2011; via 173.234.159.17 \bpremierguncabinet\.com\b             #  9 Jun 2011; via 121.54.58.137 \bdiscountgolfclubstore\.com\b         # 12 Jun 2011; via User:Redwing \bghostpapers\.com\b                   # 14 Jun 2011; via 116.71.32.208 \bnycofficesuites\.com\b               # 28 Jun 2011; via User:Nyofficesuites \bberkeley-term-papers\.com\b          # 28 Jun 2011; via 119.155.23.120 \brezcandles\.com\b                    # 12 Jul 2011; via User:Rahulroyy \bstayinnaples\.net\b                  # 12 Jul 2011; via User:Rahulroyy \bforexrobot\.eu\.com\b               # 12 Jul 2011; via User:Merallelos \bsignalsforex\.org\b            # 24 Jul 2011; via User:Fakalaos \bhowtowriteabestseller\.com\b         # 24 Jul 2011; via User:Best76seller \bpetegodfrey\.com\b                   # 26 Jul 2011; via User:Web75copywriters \bnannycamz\.com\b                     #  1 Aug 2011; via 84.41.90.151 \bbackpackunion\.com\b                 #  2 Aug 2011; via User:Tabletpcunion \beditingwritingservices\.org\b        # 11 Aug 2011; via User:Herronrobertson \bcvresumewritingservices\.org\b       # 11 Aug 2011; via User:Herronrobertson \blouisnvuitton\.com\b                 # 10 Oct 2011; via User:Viola123 \belectroniccigarettenow\.net\b        # 13 Dec 2011; via User:Maxeyre \bvipeakballmill\.com\b                # 13 Dec 2011; via User:Vipeak Ball mills \bsmokelessecigarettereviews\.com\b    # 04 Jan 2012; via User:The_Best_E_Cigarette_Set \blimonieventi\.com\b                  # 04 Jan 2012; via User:Mauris \bemarketingonlinesystem\.org\b        # 05 Jan 2012; via anonymous IP \b1800insurancetoday\.com\b             # 10 Jan 2012; via User:Onlinepub \bmanukahoneybenefit\.com\b            # 24 Jan 2012; via User:78.105.185.154 \bacnenomorec\.com\b                   # 25 Jan 2012; via User:Therapy girl \bvisionwithoutglassesc\.com\b         # 25 Jan 2012; via User:Therapy girl \bcooperspick\.com\b                   # 31 Jan 2012; via User:FreeSportsPicks20 \bmyrustremoval\.com\b                 # 08 Mar 2012; via User:JohnHoy
 * 1) Added by Jomegat

\bpornhub\.com\b                       # 27 March 2014; suggested by User:Xania at WB:AA
 * 1) Added by Pi zero

\bbooking\.com\b                       # 29 September 2016; via User:LawerenceJamison \bhotels-booking\.com\b
 * 1) Added by JackPotte

#

title: MediaWiki:Spam-blacklist


text:
User talk:123.112.97.246

You have been blocked from editing Wikibooks  as a result of your .  Please note that page blanking, addition of random text or spam, deliberate misinformation, privacy violations, personal attacks; and repeated, blatant violations of our neutral point of view policy are considered vandalism. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires. Webaware talk 10:17, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:123.112.97.246


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Nxe4/6. d4/6...b5/7. Bb3/7...d5/8. dxe5

=Ruy Lopez Open Defence=

Black must drop everything and defend the d-pawn from the threat uncovered by dxe5. 8...Be6 does this while also developing and stabilising the centre.

For the sake of completeness, 8...Ne7 slows down Black's development to such an extent that White can give up the bishop pair and still have a commanding position, while the horrible 8...d4 pulls the rug out from under the e4-knight while not particularly improving the pawns condition. Absolutely no Brownie points for either of these moves.


text:
Talk:Modern History/First World War

there is absolutely no informations about serbian, russian etc fronts. war started with attack on serbia, and you didn't even mentioned it?

title: Talk:Modern History/First World War


text:
User talk:122.164.179.178

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. Webaware talk 10:43, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:122.164.179.178


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. d4/1...d5/2. c4/2...e6/3. Nc3/3...Nf6/4. Nf3

=Queen's Gambit Declined=

Theory table
.

'''1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. Nf3'''


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Computer programming/Object oriented

Computer Programming/Object oriented
I found this with a speedy tag on. There is no way I would be able to delete it on that basis. The tag said "This book is awful as it stands and does not contribute anything that the object oriented programming book does not". I have no vote. Thanks -- Herby talk thyme 11:35, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete - I agree with the speedy delete tagger. Webaware talk 12:38, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete - I put the tag up and I believe the book is filled with spelling and grammatical mistakes and don't see any purpose for it, since the other book could easily be modified with any additional information that the author thinks is needed. There is no need to clutter up wikibooks with dupes. Jsdratm talk 1:38, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete - If there is any useful information in Computer Programming/Object oriented (although it doesn't look like it to me) then it could be merged into Computer Programming/Object oriented programming. Mike.lifeguard 20:58, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Protest - as author of the book I protest against deletion of the book. I am still working on it. Even first chapter is not finished. So, you can't say whether it is good or not. See Talk:Computer programming/Object oriented for more information. alexsmail 15:57, 27 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I moved the page to my home page domain to avoid deletion. I'll move back the page when first chapter will be complete. I suggest to dismiss this talk until first chapter will be accomplished. alexsmail 16:17, 27 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Merge - whatever is possible and make sure the above author understands to make more positive contributions on existing pages and not new ones. -within focus 15:36, 29 June 2007 (UTC)

From Talk:Computer programming/Object oriented.

Functional Programming
I wanted to write my own book, but in completely different manner. I want to start from Functional Programming first. Can I begin my own book? I am new in wikibook... alexsmail 15:55, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * If you don't intent into duplicate content creating a new book with a new approach and directed to a different audience is possible, but it will split the number of possible contributors Try to see if no one objects first to the changes (I've checked the history log for contributors and it seems the only registered users contributing content are User:Augustus.saunders and User:BillKress try posting a note on their talk page or directly contact them by email if available), give it a week if no one objects you can reshape the book, try to find another place/context to any content you will be removing if possible. See Be bold, and thanks for asking first... --Panic 19:53, 14 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I have post note to their talk page. Why not to create another book on the same issue? I want to include Procedural Programming too as the basis. Every chapter will be look like: breaf description of the concept, real world example, sample example on Java, lengthly discussion with more sophisticated examples using C++ example to clarify two different implementation of the same concept (and highlight difference between concept and interface) and lengthly theoretical part. alexsmail 17:49, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * If you avoid a direct "collision" with a pre existing book, I don't think anyone will cause problems. You should also take a look into Forking policy, this is a draft of a policy, in there you may get a feeling on how some of the community feel about this type (if not exactly the same) situation, or take a look on the multiple books on C++.  --Panic 18:17, 15 April 2007 (UTC)

 * I read about forking. In this case, it is ok. Because I want to introduce different approach. So, we can co-exist. alexsmail
 * I didn't get the answer from your contributors. alexsmail 11:01, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

 * reset

Ok if no one is working on it then you may decide to reshape the book or start a new one, you have given every chance to anyone to object to it, it is now up to you. --Panic 16:08, 21 April 2007 (UTC)


text: Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/First Aid/Tick removal


text:
More C++ Idioms/Authors

Authors

 * Sumant Tambe talk -- The initiator and lead contributor since July 2007. See my contributions.
 * Many other C++ aficionados who continuously improve the writeup, examples, and references where necessary.

title: More C++ Idioms/Authors


text:
User talk:Ramon Oliveros

New pages
Hi - you appear to have created two similarly named pages with identical or similar content, is one of them for deletion and is there a "book" that the other one should be part of? Thanks -- Herby talk thyme 17:08, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ramon Oliveros


text: User:OsaridSaris

title: User:OsaridSaris


text:
Turkish/Geography/Turkey/Marmara bölgesi

Marmara bölgesi
The region, named after the Marmara Sea, is located in the northwestern corner of Turkey. In the Marmara bölgesi, which is regarded as the industrial centre of the country especially on the İstanbul-Bursa-İzmit axis, tourism is also an important means of livelihood along with industry and trade.

Processed food, textiles, ready-to-wear clothing, cement, paper, petrochemical products, automobiles and spare parts, durable household items, railway cars and ships are the leading industrial goods produced in the region.

The region has a distinct privilege by the fact that the shortest land and maritime routes connecting Europe to Asia and the Black Sea countries to the Mediterranean pass through there, and this has led to development, increasing of the population and enrichment of the area. As a region which has hosted many civilisations throughout the centuries, it has become one of the most important culture, arts and tourism centres of the world with its antiquities and scenic wonders.

This region of Turkey hosts the biggest city in Turkey, and one of the biggest cities in the world: İstanbul. İstanbul is, in many peoples' opinions, the most beautiful city on Earth. There's so much to do, and so much to see (and eat) here. With its historical monuments, museums, palaces, city walls, waterside mansions, bazaars, scenic wonders and houses of worship which are the heritage of an 8000 year old past, blended in with its modern life, industry, pop culture, pastimes, and shopping (Cevahir Mall, located in İstanbul, is the biggest shopping mall in Europe and one of the largest in the world; Nişantaşı and Bağdat Avenue also boast the most expensive of things on sale in the city), is an elegant centre of tolerance and a synthesis where all senses of taste and desires could be met. It is the bridge between Europe and Asia, and is known as the "Capital of Empires", bearing the traces of the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Empires.

If you ever visit Turkey, İstanbul is an absolute must.

For all the reasons stated above, the Marmara bölgesi is a very important part of Turkey, and is one of the things that make Turkey beautiful.

It is made up of 11 counties, called iller (the plural form of il):
 * İstanbul
 * Edirne
 * Kırklareli
 * Tekirdağ
 * Çanakkale
 * Kocaeli
 * Yalova
 * Sakarya
 * Bilecik
 * Bursa
 * Balıkesir

Links

 * İstanbul travel guide on Wikivoyage
 * Bursa travel guide on Wikivoyage
 * Çanakkale travel guide on Wikivoyage


text:
Turkish/Geography/Turkey/Ege bölgesi

Ege bölgesi
One of the places you will find here is the city of İzmir. İzmir is the third biggest city in Turkey, and, like İstanbul, is by the sea. Because there isn't as much industrialisation or "hustle 'n bustle" as there is in İstanbul, İzmir is actually a very nice place indeed. Sexual minorities are also quite tolerated here compared to other, more conservative parts of Turkey. It's also known with its clear seas. Taking a stroll along the pier and taking in the fresh sea air is something you should most definitely put on your to-do list if you ever intend on visiting İzmir. Many festivals and events take place there a lot, too.

There are many other nice places in the Ege bölge, aswell. Holiday resorts such as Bodrum, Çeşme, Dalyan, Fethiye, Kuşadası, and Ölüdeniz are extremely popular amongst tourists, Turkish and foreigners.

Many historical sites can also be found here. Efes (what is referred to in English as "Ephesus") is one of Turkey's biggest tourist hotspots for it's historical sites. Selçuk, although not as major as Efes, also hosts some very important historical sites, too. I can't remember exactly where it was, but Mary, Mother of Jesus' grave can be found very close to Efes, and is incredibly popular.

Links

 * İzmir travel guide on Wikivoyage
 * Bodrum travel guide on Wikivoyage
 * Çeşme travel guide on Wikivoyage
 * Dalyan travel guide on Wikivoyage
 * Efes travel guide on Wikivoyage
 * Fethiye travel guide on Wikivoyage
 * Ölüdeniz travel guide on Wikivoyage
 * Pamukkale travel guide on Wikivoyage
 * Selçuk travel guide on Wikivoyage

title: Turkish/Geography/Turkey/Ege bölgesi


text:
Turkish/Geography/Turkey/Karadeniz bölgesi

Karadeniz bölgesi
Kara - black deniz - sea

Karadenizliler are famed in other parts of Turkey for being, erm...different. However, they are incredibly nice, cheerful people. They have their own distinct music, dances, style, cuisine...culture! Just think of Karadenizlis in Turkey as Osakans in Japan. Tourism here is very good, as the Karadeniz region is of course on the Black Sea coast. It is particularly frequented by Arab tourists.

Trabzon is known for it's very nice scenery, architecture...and it's football team. Trabzonspor is one of the Büyük Dört (i.e. Big Four, the others being Galatasaray, Beşiktaş and Fenerbahçe - all three of them in İstanbul), previously beating teams like Inter Milan, Liverpool, Aston Villa and Barcelona.

Karadeniz'in illeri:
 * Amasya
 * Artvin
 * Bartın
 * Bayburt
 * Bolu
 * Çorum
 * Düzce
 * Giresun
 * Gümüşhane
 * Karabük
 * Kastamonu
 * Ordu
 * Rize
 * Samsun
 * Sinop
 * Tokat
 * Trabzon
 * Zonguldak


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper floor

=posper_floor= This table has information for a restaurant "floor" where customers sit and eat (and need to have food brought to them)


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper location

=posper_location= This table describes a mail-addressable location.


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper place

=posper_place= This table describes areas on a floor where customers will be located.


text:
Talk:First Aid/Oxygen Administration

Proposal for Deletion
I propose that this section be deleted as it is much too advanced for a lay rescuer, just as childbirth is not considered a first aid issue. Oxygen administration should be left to professional rescuers, not first aiders. --Nugger 20:21, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Oxygen administration is an advanced first aid skill and should stay in the advanced topics section.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 20:23, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Then using that logic, child birth should be put in the advanced section as well. --Nugger 21:00, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

 * No - emergency childbirth isn't first aid at all - not even advanced first aid. It's in some other category altogether.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 01:10, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Show me one society that advocates Oxygen Administration by lay rescuers. Because as you stated, if we were making a book for EMTs/Paramedics then this would be included, so far the only thing I have found on Oxygen Administration is that which is for Professional Rescuers. Even the statements made here state "manually operated, self-inflating bag-valve mask units are used most effectively by at least two well-trained and experienced rescuers working together" which is advocated by the American Heart Association. This book is not for highly-trained personnel, it is for lay rescuers who have received a limited amount of training. Therefore, even in the advanced training section Oxygen Administration goes beyond the bounds of a lay rescuer and into the world of EMTs and Paramedics. No other part of this book is directed to professionals, even topic in the Advanced section. For example, in the extended assessment section it states "While waiting for professional help to arrive..." in the first line of the paragraph. --Nugger 04:02, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

 * reset

The Lifesaving Society (of Canada) trains lay rescuers in oxygen administration. If you want more info on it, their course is called Airway Management. Other training organizations that offer O2 training: SJA, CRC, CSP, ARC (and that's just some of North America). I'm not a fan of oxygen administration for reasons iterated adequately by ILCOR and the AHA, but I still think it should stay.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 04:24, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, but those are not national or international societies that you pointed out, as well from the research I have done most of that list is for Professionals. You put the Lifesaving Society of Canada as one of your sources, except that too can be considered professional as you do it for a job/volunteer. Remember, we are doing this for people who have little to no training. Not people who are highly trained in using oxygen and the like. Just everyday people, babysitters, elderly care workers, etc. EMTs/Paramedics/Lifeguards/etc can all be considered professionals and not lay rescuers. --Nugger 05:24, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Absolutely not - lifeguards are lay rescuers, and all the programs I mentioned are for lay rescuers, including the LSS program. The concept for this text is that it could be used on any first aid or CPR course. The advanced topics section could be used for wilderness/marine/airway management/AED course (which are all still lay rescuer-level courses, despite requiring training beyond a simple first aid/CPR course).
 * If you need an international training organization that does lay rescuer oxygen administration training... I already gave you 3. The LSS exists in other countries as well. The Red Cross (both American and Canadian branches at a minimum) offer oxygen admin courses. SJA started in the UK and has branches throughout the world. This is not a novel concept - lay rescuers giving oxygen if they have the required training and access to the right equipment. Yes it requires taking a course beyond first aid, but that doesn't mean that it's a skill beyond first aid.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:07, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia disagrees - "A lifeguard is an emergency service worker." The American Red Cross also looks at lifeguards as professionals. Even the Lifesaving Society of Canada speaks of lifeguards as professionals. Why? Because look at the system, you have multiple lifeguards on one location who are trained in Basic First Aid and Advanced First Aid. They are there for prevention and early medical intervention. They are NOT lay rescuers. We can continue to go back and forth with this and never get anywhere, but in final, if you are going to include Oxygen Admin in the advanced section, then you can include Emergency Child Birth. --Nugger 14:57, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Please don't give me ultimatums. For starters, Wikipedia is not an authority on whether lifeguards are lay rescuers or healthcare providers (the only two options). If you want to know what the experts think you'd have to read water safety publications. Lifeguards are professionals, yes. We have more training than your usual first aider, yes. Some of us (who have the appropriate training and equipment) use oxygen and AED (and other stuff...), yes. But we're not healthcare providers. Whether you agree with it or not (and I happen to disagree), that's a statement of fact.
 * The difference between oxygen admin and emergency childbirth is that you can be a lay rescuer and administer oxygen if you have the appropriate training and equipment. There's no course you can take for emergency childbirth without it being a healthcare provider-level course. It's not a lay rescuer skill - it's a healthcare provider skill.
 * This book includes lay rescuer skills only - anything else belongs in a different book.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:24, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:First Aid/Oxygen Administration


text:
Social and Cultural Foundations of American Education/Edition 2.1/20.110 Wildcard

Author: Justin Dickinson

"Laptop Programs in Public Schools”

Introduction
With the Virginia requirements for graduation including that a student be technologically literate and the new for 2007-2008 requirement in Virginia for all staff and students to be trained in internet safety, programs such as these can target these requirements. Several questions arise when discussing such a program with a principal or school board member: How will it benefit the student more than the laptop carts and computer labs? How will we justify the cost plus technological equipment such as laptops and projectors do not last but a few years so how will we fund such an expensive program? How do we keep the students safe while online, on task and from illegal downloading? Will we have to hire a support staff in addition to our current technology staff?

Every year the world enhances its technology. Even though things have changed every year the knowledge of technology, for example, computers, is very low. A student between the ages of 16-21 are more likely to know more about a computer than a person who is 50 years or older. This is because senior citizens have not kept up with all the technology changes even though it was available to them. Now it is very unlikely that you will be able to communicate with a senior citizen. Computers are the future of our classrooms and the work world and the earlier students are able to get their hands on computers to learn about them the better. The same way students are not starting to learn a second language in the third grade rather than in middle school.

Practicality
When a school district considers a laptop program they must figure a simple economic formula: number of students multiplied by the cost of each laptop or approximately $1300. That can be a huge number for a school board to approve but given the data from other courageous districts who have approved and instituted the program they can make a decision. Many of the programs have been with specific schools such as magnet schools with only a hundred or so students so the financial commitment was more reasonable (Bahrampour). A great target for the program would be a successful student coming from a lower socioeconomic level whose family would have difficulty buying a laptop and providing an internet connection. Maine has taken the progressive step of signing a deal with Apple to equip 32,000 students and 4,000 teachers with iBooks, wireless networks, training and technical support through its Maine Leaning Technology Initiative (Mao).

A Success Story
An article from The Herald newspaper of Everett, Washington reported that Weston High School issued laptops to students back in November 2005. Weston High School only has 100 students and with no-interest federal loans appropriated for moving the high school to a building at the airport included money for technology. The money appropriated for technology was enough to purchase 100 Apple iBooks at $1500 each for a total cost of $150,000. The district superintendent said she had high hopes for the laptops leveling the playing field with wealthier districts and to make graduates more capable with technology as a result of the program (Stevick). She said her main worry at first was how well the laptops would be integrated into classes but she was amazed to see classes such as band where performances were recorded then loaded into laptops for students to access their progress. Completing assignments electronically and turning them in on a platform such as blackboard or even via email would save a huge amount of paper and clutter in the classroom. Software to help with student note taking was the most popular program for students to use during class. An unanticipated benefit the principal noticed was that students that struggled in classes before happened to be technologically savy and would help other students with problems. There were enough of these students to begin a technology support team of students that would meet with a teacher in a classroom each day for training before they would go out to be “techies”(Stevick).

A Not-So-Successful Story
A less successful laptop program was in Kutztown, Pennsylvania in the Philadelphia area. Thirteen students were charged with felonies for bypassing security with school-issued laptops, downloading forbidden internet goodies such as peer to peer networks for illegal downloading and for using monitoring software to spy on district administrators (Rubinkam). The students think they are being punished for outsmarting their teachers and administrators. According to Jean Armour Polly, the author of Net-mom's Internet Kids and Family Yellow Pages most school districts do not secure their networks well enough and do not educate teachers well enough on how to monitory computer usage and how to teach the do's and don’ts of computer usage. The students in Philadelphia acquired an administrator password and sabotaged the school's computer systems. Mischievous students exist at each school and there needs to be a plan in place to prevent such behavior and to properly outline and enforce the consequences (Rubinkam).

Preventative Measures
Contracts are issued to protect the school property and to outline rules for usage that must be signed by parents and students (Bahrampour). It is a much more serious item than merely issuing a text book to a student and must be handled differently. We must begin by educating our faculty to teach responsible computer usage before instituting such a program. Avoiding the laptop from being a game platform, chat tool or download machine software must prohibit certain programs and teachers must monitor student usage in class. Parents at home will also have to monitor their sons and daughters and reinforce the proper usage guidelines. A new program in Alexandria, Virginia required parents to attend a training session to understand the liability of a laptop and to educate them on the terms of use of the laptop. Only a few parents attended the session so administrators took over the monitoring of the computers by installing filtering software to look for key words and websites to block. They also restricted the internet connection to the school connection. The only use for the laptop at home would be to review notes, web pages offline, create documents and work on projects. To protect against the usual student mishaps of loosing laptops or having them stolen they have Lojack installed which guarantees them found within 60 days or they will provide a free replacement laptop(Bahrampour).

An unnecessary burden to struggling schools
The state of Virginia declaring that students must be technology proficient is a good idea however it puts unnecessary financial burdens on school systems that are struggling. Technology is important however if the state orders that a school must invest in technology when its walls are crumbling down and its teachers are underpaid is unfair. It makes no difference whether the state or federal government would actually pay for the technology investment, that is money federal, state or local that should be put to use in better areas. The idea of universal laptops is impractical, and I feel a small waste of money. Spending thousands of dollars on technology particularly laptops would be like putting a brand new sound system in a car that doesn't run. Technology integration and the support system necessary for laptops would run into a lot of problems for older school buildings. As pointed out "Older schools are a special challenge because they may have insufficient power, poor lighting, inappropriate furniture and, sometimes, inadequate space. To complicate the situation, more than 90 percent of the classrooms and laboratories to be used with current technology tools already have been built" (Day) In some cases it is simply impossible to attempt to make schools technology centered.

Conclusion
Laptop programs are full of controversy and have a huge amount of pros and cons. Administration will see them as inviting a new headache into the school where they already have too many. More success stories need to exist and if computer manufacturers were to spend time and funds on research to make the transition smoother it would be an easier sell to school districts. The current trend in the Hampton Roads area is to use laptop carts that can be checked out of the library and taken to the classroom. They work quite well until one is needed and they are all reserved. Schools in Isle of Wight County and Suffolk only have 2-4 carts with 30 laptops per cart for each school which has nearly 1400 students each. Effectively only around a hundred students can access the laptop during classes using the carts. If we are to commit to technology as an important piece of the educational puzzle more of a commitment needs to be made. Proposals that meet the criteria of startup cost, residual cost, maintenance staff, in-service for technologically deficient teachers and administration and a staff that can help integrate the computer into each classroom to positively affect SOL scores and overall student performance must be made to school board. Data from other districts and programs from computer manufactures will go a long way to selling the idea of laptop programs to school divisions.

Questions
1.What should be considered before implementing a laptop program in a school division?'

a) Cost

b) Impact on technological literacy

c) Impact on student performance and success

d) All of the Above

2.Current strategies for providing computer access to students except?

a) Laptop carts

b) Computer labs

c) Typewriters

d) Assigning laptops to all students

3.Why are laptop carts chosen over issuing all students laptops?

a) Cost

b) Security

c) Loss prevention

d) All of the above

4.Students and teachers at Weston High School who were technologically savvy organized a/an _________.

a) Crime ring

b) Club

c) Technology class and support team

d) Method for tracking computer usage

5.What potential risks are school board members and parents concerned with when considering laptop programs?

a) Downloading, theft of laptops, cheating and exposure to banned sites

b) Communicating with teachers and chatting with other students

c) Completing projects and homework

d) Playing educational games

6. What is Lojack?

a) a tool for lifting laptops

b) a tracking device for laptop security

c) a method of controlling the use of a laptop

d) a tracking device that records internet sites visited

Answers
1.D 2.C 3.D 4.C 5.A 6.B


text: Template:Goodbook/US History

title: Template:Goodbook/US History


text:
User talk:69.29.92.250

Learning How To Be A Real Estate Agent
G'day, please note the discussion here. Webaware talk 23:59, 16 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:69.29.92.250


text:
User talk:125.236.44.46

Hello, welcome to Wikibooks. I noticed you started working on a Devil May Cry walkthrough; unfortunately, according to some complex history I don't really want to get into, Wikibooks does not generally accept videogame guides. However, your content will be more than welcome at strategywiki. Just wanted to let you know before you spend too much time on it! However, if you want to contribute to something more related to our Goals, we would be happy to have you stay around. Regards. Mattb112885 (talk to me) 00:12, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Do not add more information about Devil May Cry. It does not belong here. If you continue to add this content, you will be blocked. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 00:22, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

Oh sorry. ill delete it,

 * I have blocked this IP for one day. You may create an account if you want to continue editing, but I warn you not to create any more pages about Devil May Cry. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 00:28, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

You have been blocked from editing Wikibooks  as a result of your .  Please note that page blanking, addition of random text or spam, deliberate misinformation, privacy violations, personal attacks; and repeated, blatant violations of our neutral point of view policy are considered vandalism. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires. Az1568(Talk) 00:53, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:125.236.44.46


text:
User talk:MacHershell

Welcome!
Hello MacHershell, welcome to wikibooks! I've seen your edits on the recent changes (RC) list, and I noticed that you've mentioned my name a few times. That's good, I like to think i'm a pretty good resource (or at least a very enthusiastic one).

What kinds of things are you interested it? What kinds of books (if any) do you want to be working on? What can I do to help?

You can post me a message on my user talk page at any time, I tend to respond very quickly. If you would like other help, you can always post a message at the New Users Staff Lounge, a discussion area where new users can ask for help from more experienced wikibookians.

Anyway, good luck with everything, and I hope you have some fun! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 00:38, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Mentor? I would be delighted! Your goal sounds like a good one, and Real estate is certainly an area that we could use more information on. As a first peice of advice, when you write a message to somebody, type four tildes ( ~ ) and that will automatically put in your signature and a timestamp.
 * A lot of the stuff from my gigantic user-page pile can be used through transclusion instead of needing to be copied outright. Some of the tools, such as my "gadgets" can be used directly from my Book Creator Page. I've put a lot of work into all my user pages, but then again i've been a very active member here for over 2 years and counting. I've had plenty of time to figure out what kinds of tools I needed to make my work easier here. Of course, your work may be very different from my work, so not all of my tools will work for your needs.
 * Anyway, if you need anything, don't hesitate to ask me a question. I'm happy to help. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 00:59, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:MacHershell


text:
User:MacHershell

Memory

title: User:MacHershell


text:
Chess Opening Theory/1. e4/1...e5/2. Nf3/2...Nc6/3. Bb5/3...a6/4. Ba4/4...Nf6/5. O-O/5...Nxe4/6. d4/6...b5/7. Bb3/7...d5/8. dxe5/8...Be6

=Ruy Lopez Open Defence=

Now that White's light-squared bishop can no longer move to d5, it is immobilised and liable to be exchanged off by a sneaky ...Na5 or ...Nc5. In the Ruy Lopez White will typically go to some length to avoid this exchange, hence the classical move 9. c3. But 9. Nbd2 has taken over in recent years, for the following reasons:
 * White can live without the b3-bishop in this particular line, as she has a kingside pawn majority to work with
 * Upon ...Nc5/...Na5 followed by ...Nxb3, the recapture Nxb3 frees White's position enormously - a knight on b3 has better prospects than either a bishop on b3 or a knight on d2
 * Certain variations commencing 9. c3 Bc5 were known to get complicated; 9. Nbd2 discourages the awkward 9...Bc5 by threatening 10. Nxe4 when Black's double attack on f2 vanishes, and after some exchanges White's other knight can capture on e4 or e6 hitting the loose bishop
 * 9. Nbd2 does not reduce White's options compared to 9. c3 as Black cannot prevent 10. c3 anyway.

9. Be3 also discourages ...Bc5, but no more effectively than Nbd2, and unlike Nbd2 it does not develop a piece to what is clearly its best square.

9. Qe2 is the Howell Attack. The queen move prepares to evict the e4-knight and/or to play c4 dismantling the queenside pawns, while d1 is vacated for the rook. This rearrangement is on the slow side given that Black is only a couple of moves away from completing her development, and too often White's play on the d-file consists of trying to stop Black's passed d-pawn from charging down it.

9. a4 is apparently played. In the Worrall Attack with the queen on e2, the point of the a4 advance is to provoke ...b4, upon which Qc4 is ruinous as Reuben Fine puts it. Since trying to play 10. Qc4 here would be a bad idea on at least two counts, 9. a4 is erring a little on the pointless side. Save it for later, maybe.


text:
User talk:128.232.236.103

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
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We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

 – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 02:47, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:128.232.236.103


text:
User talk:Karoli~enwikibooks

 – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 02:49, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Karoli. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Karoli~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:22, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:07, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Karoli~enwikibooks


text:
Radiation Oncology/Corporate

 * Proton therapy

Radiation Therapy Facilities

 * Vantage Oncology

 * Chicago; 2005 (7/2004) PMID 16078260 -- "Intensity-modulated radiation therapy use in the U.S., 2004." (Mell LK, Cancer. 2005 Sep 15;104(6):1296-303.)
 * Survey. 239 respondents. Random sample of U.S. radiation oncologists (65% response rate).
 * Outcome: IMRT use 73% (compared with 32% in 2002). Rationale for adoption normal tissue sparing (88%), dose escalation 85%, economic competition 62%. Further 91% of non-users planned to adopt IMRT in the future
 * Conclusion: IMRT use increased significantly since 2002

Treatment Planning Software

 * PerMedics Medical Systems - Odyssey

title: Radiation Oncology/Corporate


text:
Wikijunior:World at Work/Nature guide

fr:Wikijunior:Le monde au travail/Guide-nature

title: Wikijunior:World at Work/Nature guide


text:
User talk:69.210.28.183

This message is regarding the page Japanese/Grammar Lessons/Basic. Please refrain from adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Az1568(Talk) 03:43, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:69.210.28.183


text:
Selling Property/Licensing/United States/Indiana

In the state of Indiana, the first thing one must do is determine which of three paths you will undertake based on your background. The paths are for:
 * 1) persons holding a current license in the state of Indiana;
 * 2) persons holding a current license from a state with which Indiana has a reciprocal agreement; or,
 * 3) persons who plan to get a license for the first time.

Now for some background. The Indiana Real Estate Commission refers to a Real Estate Agent as a Real Estate Salesperson. (Remember, Indiana is the state which squared the circle by legislating the value of pi to be 3.2!)

To renew an Indiana license
This is the simplest of all 3 paths. Simply go to the IPLA Website, with a valid credit card or debit card, and pay the renewal fee.

To obtain an Indiana license when you hold a current license from another state
If you hold a current license in one of these 15 states (Arkansas, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oklahoma, or Wisconsin), then you are fortunate. You simply need to
 * 1) download the Application for Licensure as a Real Estate Salesperson or Broker;
 * 2) complete the form (which primarily means checking the box corresponding to the appropriate state and providing the license number issued by that state, providing address information, etc.); and,
 * 3) file the form along with your license fee.

If you hold a current license in any of the remaining states, proceed to the next section.


text:
User talk:210.11.188.19

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. Webaware talk 04:42, 17 July 2007 (UTC) =ya mum is a dog=

title: User talk:210.11.188.19


text:
User talk:61.88.131.144

You have been blocked from editing Wikibooks  as a result of your .  Please note that page blanking, addition of random text or spam, deliberate misinformation, privacy violations, personal attacks; and repeated, blatant violations of our neutral point of view policy are considered vandalism. If you wish to make useful contributions, you are welcome to come back after the block expires. Webaware talk 04:59, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:61.88.131.144


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper productlocation

= posper_productlocation = This associative table describes a product stored at a location.


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper reservation

= posper_reservation = This describes a reservation for a number of customers to eat at a particular time.


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper stockdiary

=posper_stockdiary= This table describes a number of units of a product at a location


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper ticketcreationgenerator

=posper_ticketcreationgenerator= This table helps create new ids for tickets


text: User:MacHershell/Nav

title: User:MacHershell/Nav


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper cashregister

=posper_cashregister= This table describes a specific cash session, opened and closed at specific times, for a specific host.


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper category

=posper_category= This table describes a product category within which products are found. Eg, you might have a "drinks" category containing products like "coffee"


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/posper image

= posper_image = This table contains images referenced by other tables and displayed within the tinaposplus application.


text:
User talk:59.178.127.124

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User talk:210.187.51.56

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. Webaware talk 07:08, 17 July 2007 (UTC)

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text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/kitchen order

=kitchen_order= This table describes an order sent to the kitchen for completion.


text:
Using POSper/Developer guide/Database-Table descriptions/kitchen order ticket line

=kitchen_order_ticket_line= This associative table connects a kitchen order to a specific line item on a ticket.


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Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Euan Abercrombie

Overview
Euan Abercrombie is Sorted into Gryffindor house in Harry's fifth year.

Order of the Phoenix
At the Sorting Ceremony, Harry notes that one of the first years is looking particularly frightened, and this reminds him of his own Sorting and how scared he was then. The boy turns out to be Euan, who is Sorted into Gryffindor as soon as the noise following the Sorting Hat's song has faded.


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Characters/Rose Zeller

Overview
Rose Zeller is a Hufflepuff girl four years behind Harry.

Order of the Phoenix
At the Sorting Ceremony, Rose Zeller is Sorted into Hufflepuff. She is the last to be sorted.


text:
User:MacHershell/Memory

==TODO: INSERT MENU==

==TODO: ASK Whiteknight FOR MENTORSHIP==

title: User:MacHershell/Memory


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Applied Science BTEC Nationals/Practical Chemical Analysis/CA-EDTA

=Complexometric Ca Determination=

Original resource by Ulrich de la Camp and Oliver Seely (Copied with kind permission and with no liability accepted for the current content.)

Discussion
Many metal ions form slightly dissociated complex ions. The formation of these can serve as the basis of accurate and convenient titrations for such metal ions. Such determinations are referred to as complexometric titrations.

The accuracy of these titrations is high and they offer the possibility of determinations of metal ions at concentrations at the millimole level.

Many cations will form complexes in solution with a variety of substances that have a pair of unshared electrons (e.g. on N, O, S atoms in the molecule) capable of satisfying the coordination number of the metal. The metal ion acts as a Lewis acid (electron pair acceptor) and the complexing agent is a Lewis base (electron pair donor). The number of molecules of the complexing agent, called the ligand, will depend on the coordination number of the metal and on the number of complexing groups on the ligand molecule.

Simple complexing agents such as ammonia are rarely used as titrating agents because a sharp end point corresponding to a stoichiometric complex is generally difficult to achieve. This is true since the stepwise formation constants are frequently close together and not very large, and a single stoichiometric complex cannot be observed. Certain ligands that have two or more complexing groups on the molecule, however, do form well-defined complexes and can be used as titrating agents. One such reagent that is widely used is ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA).

An organic agent which has two or more groups capable of complexing with a metal ion is called a chelating agent. The complex which is formed in this manner is called a chelate. Titration with such a chelating agent is called a chelometric titration which is a particular type of complexometric titration. A pair of unshared electrons capable of complexing with a metal ion is located on each of the two nitrogen atoms and each of the four carboxyl groups. Thus there are six complexing groups in EDTA. We represent EDTA by the symbol H4Y, which recognises the fact that it is a tetraprotic acid. The four hydrogens in the formula refer to the four acidic hydrogens on the four carboxyl groups. It is the unprotonated ligand Y4- that is responsible for the formation of complexes with metal ions.

The present analysis is concerned with the determination of Ca by the use of a complexometric titration of the type that is described above. The titration is performed by adding a standard solution of EDTA to the sample containing the Ca. The reaction that takes place is the following:

Ca2+ + Y4- <===> CaY2-

Before the equivalence point, the Ca2+ concentration is nearly equal to the amount of unchelated (unreacted) calcium since the dissociation of the chelate is slight. At the equivalence point and beyond, pCa is determined from the dissociation of the chelate at the given pH. The equivalence point is detected through the use of an indicator which is itself a chelating agent. The specific indicator used is Eriochrome Black T. It contains three ionisable protons and we will represent it by the formula H3In. In neutral or somewhat basic solutions, it is a doubly dissociated ion, HIn2-, which is blue in colour. Eriochrome Black T cannot be used as an indicator for the titration of calcium with EDTA, since it forms too weak a complex with calcium to give a sharp end point. Therefore, a solution containing the magnesium complex of EDTA, MgY2-, is introduced into the titration mixture. Since Ca2+ forms a more stable complex with EDTA than magnesium, the following reaction occurs:

MgY2- + Ca2+ <===> CaY2- + Mg2+

The magnesium that is released in this manner then reacts with the doubly ionised ion of the Eriochrome Black T. The complex that is formed between magnesium and that ion is red, hence at the start of the Ca titration the solution is red. This reaction can be written as follows:

Mg2+ + HIn2- <===> MgIn- + H+

(blue) <===> (red)

The solution is then titrated with a standard solution of EDTA. At the beginning of the titration, the EDTA reacts with the remaining calcium ion that has not been complexed. After all the calcium has reacted the next portion of EDTA reacts with the magnesium complex which was formed earlier. The added EDTA competes favorably with the red magnesium-indicator complex (MgIn-), to give MgY2- and HIn2- and thereby giving a blue colour at the end point.

MgIn- + H+ + Y4- <===> MgY2- + HIn2-

(red) <===> (blue)

Preparation of a 0.0100 mol dm-3 EDTA Solution.
Dry about 2 g of EDTA dihydrate, Na2H2Y2 2 H2O, in a drying oven at 80 °C for one hour. Then accurately weigh out about .95 g ± 0.l mg. Quantitatively transfer the EDTA into a 250 cm3 volumetric flask, add distilled water with mixing then dilute to the mark with distilled water. Mix well by inverting and shaking the tightly stoppered flask. Label this solution "Standard EDTA".

Preparation of the Mg-EDTA Complex Indicator.
Mix 0.744 g of dried EDTA with 0.492 g of MgSO4 in 100 cm3 of distilled water. Divide the solution into two 50 cm3 portions. To one portion add a few drops of phenolphthalein. Dropwise, counting the drops, add sufficient 0.1 mol dm−3 NaOH solution to turn the solution faintly pink. ONCE THE NUMBER OF DROPS OF NaOH HAS BEEN DETERMINED, DISCARD THIS SOLUTION. To the second 50 cm3 portion add the same number of drops of 0.1 mol dm−3 NaOH solution as were added to the first portion, then dilute to about 95 cm3 with distilled water. Add 2 cm3 of pH 10 buffer solution and add a few drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator solution. At this stage there are two possibilities, the solution is either red or blue. If the solution is red, Mg2+ is in excess. In that case add 0.0100 mol dm−3 EDTA solution dropwise until the solution just turns blue. If the solution is originally blue then EDTA is in excess and in that case add

0.01 mol dm−3 MgSO4 solution dropwise until the solution just turns red, then add 0.100 mol dm−3 EDTA dropwise to just turn the solution blue again.

Preparation of the Powdered Milk Solution.
Dry approximately 5 g of powdered milk at 80 °C for one hour in a drying-oven. Accurately weigh about 3 g of dry milk into a 250 cm3 beaker and add approximately 100 cm3 of distilled water. Stir to dissolve. Transfer quantitatively with repeated washings with distilled water into a 250 cm3 volumetric flask. Let stand for a sufficient length of time, so that all bubbles disperse. If foaming occurs it can be suppressed by the addition of 1 or 2 drops of n-octanol. Then dilute to the calibration mark with distilled water. Then mix well by stoppering the flask and then inverting and shaking it repeatedly.

Titration of Milk Solution.
Pipette an exact 50 cm3 aliquot of the milk solution into a 250 cm3 conical flask. Add about 2 cm3 of pH 10 buffer, 10 cm3 of Mg-EDTA Indicator solution and 3 drops of Eriochrome Black T indicator. Titrate with the standard 0.0100 mol dm−3 EDTA solution to a colour change from red to blue. Titrate at least two more milk samples using the same procedure as before.

Treatment of Data and Report.
From your experimental data calculate the percentage of Ca in the powdered milk for each aliquot that you titrated. Then calculate an average percentage.

On the report sheet provided report the following data:

 * 1) . Milk unknown number
 * 2) . Weight of milk sample used.
 * 3) . Volume of EDTA solution used for each samples.
 * 4) . Percentage of Ca for each sample.
 * 5) . The average percentage of Ca.
 * 6) . The average deviation from the mean for the percent Ca in the samples
 * 7) . Pages in your lab notebook containing the pertinent data.

Questions on Complexometric Calcium.

 * 1) . What is the indicator used in this titration?
 * 2) . Why can Eriochrome Black T not be used directly as an indicator?
 * 3) . What is the colour of the doubly ionised Eriochrome Black T indicator in slightly basic solution?
 * 4) . What is the purpose of adding NaOH solution dropwise to the Mg-EDTA mixture?
 * 5) . Is it possible to use the sodium salt of EDTA as a primary standard?
 * 6) . At what pH is the Ca titration carried out?
 * 7) . What are the conditional constants for Mg2+ and Ca2+ at the pH at which the titration is carried out?


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Applied Science BTEC Nationals/Practical Chemical Analysis/Cu-Brass

=Iodometric Determination of Cu in Brass= by Ulrich de la Camp and Oliver Seely (Copied with kind permission and with no liability accepted for the current content.)

Discussion
In acid solution practically all oxidising agents will oxidise iodide ions to iodine quantitatively. The iodine formed in the reaction can then be titrated by means of a standard sodium thiosulphate solution. This type of indirect titration is given the general name of iodometry.

Iodometric methods of analysis have a wide applicability for the following reasons:

1. Potassium iodide, KI, is readily available in high purity.

2. A good indicator, starch, is available to signal the equivalence point in the reaction between iodine and thiosulphate. Starch turns blue-black in the presence of iodine. Therefore, when the blue-black colour disappears, the iodine has been completely reduced to the iodide ion.

3. Iodometric reactions are rapid and quantitative.

4. A precise and stable reducing agent, sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3), is available to react with the iodine.

The amount of iodine liberated in the reaction between iodide ion and an oxidising agent is a measure of the quantity of oxidising agent originally present in the solution. The amount of standard sodium thiosulphate solution required to titrate the liberated iodine is then equivalent to the amount of oxidising agent. Iodometric methods can be used for the quantitative determination of strong oxidising agents such as potassium dichromate (VI), manganate (VII) ('permanganate'), hydrogen peroxide, copper (II) ('cupric') ion and oxygen.

As has been mentioned above, the endpoint in a titration of iodine with thiosulphate is signaled by the colour change of the starch indicator. When starch is heated in water, various decomposition products are formed, among which is beta-amylose which forms a deep blue-black complex with iodine. The sensitivity of the indicator is increased by the presence of iodide ion in solution. However, if the starch indicator solution is added in the presence of a high concentration of iodine, the disappearance of the blue-black colour is very gradual. For use in indirect methods, the indicator is therefore added at a point when virtually all of the iodine has been reduced to iodide ion, causing the disappearance of the colour to be more rapid and sudden. The starch indicator solution must be freshly prepared since it will decompose and its sensitivity is decreased. However, a properly prepared solution will keep for a period of a few weeks. A preservative such as a small amount of mercuric ions may be added to inhibit the decomposition.

Solutions of sodium thiosulphate are made up to an approximate concentration by dissolving the sodium salt in water that has previously been boiled. Boiling the water is necessary to destroy micro-organisms which metabolize the thiosulphate ion. A small amount of Na2CO2 is added to the solution in order to bring the pH to about 9. The solution is standardised by taking a known amount of oxidising agent, treating it with excess iodide ion and then titrating the liberated iodine with the solution to be standardised. Oxidising agents such as potassium dichromate (VI), bromate (V), iodate (V) or copper (II) can be employed for this procedure. You will be using potassium iodate (V), KIO3, as your primary standard. The reaction between IO3- and I- is given as

6 H+ + IO3- + 5 I- ---> 3 I2 + 3 H2O

Reactions Involved in Iodometric Processes.
Iodometric methods depend on the following equilibrium:

I2 + I- <===> I3-

Since the solubility of I2 in water is quite low, the formation of the tri-iodide ion, II3-, allows us to obtain useful concentrations of I2 in aqueous solutions. The equilibrium constant for this reaction is approximately 700. For this reason iodometric methods are carried out in the presence of excess iodide ion.

The reaction between iodine and the thiosulphate ion is:

I2 + 2 S2O32- <===> 2 I- + S4O62-

This reaction proceeds quantitatively in neutral or slightly acidic solutions. In strongly alkaline or acidic solutions the oxidation of the thiosulphate does not proceed by a single reaction. In the former, the thiosulphate ion is oxidised to sulphate as well as to the tetrathionate. In the latter, the thiosulphuric acid formed undergoes an internal oxidation-reduction reaction to sulphurous acid and sulphur. Both of these reactions lead to errors since the stoichiometry of the reactions differs from that shown above for the thiosulphate as a reducing agent. The control of pH is clearly important. In many cases the liberated iodine is titrated in the mildly acidic solution employed for the reaction of a strong oxidising agent and iodide ion. In these cases the titration of the liberated iodine must be completed quickly in order to eliminate undue exposure to the atmosphere since an acid medium constitutes an optimum condition for atmospheric oxidation of the excess iodide ion.

The basic reaction in the determination of copper using the iodometric method is represented by the equation:

2 Cu2+ + 4 I- <===> 2 CuI(s) + I2

This is a rapid, quantitative reaction in slightly acidic solutions, if there is a large excess of iodide ion present and if the copper is in the form of a simple ion rather than a complex one. The iodine that is liberated can be titrated in the usual manner with standard thiosulphate solution. The reaction involving copper (II) ion and iodide takes place quantitatively since the copper (I) ('cuprous') ion formed as result of the reduction is removed from the solution as a precipitate of copper (I) iodide.

Iron interferes since iron(III) ions will oxidise iodide. Since the iron will be found in the +3 oxidation state as a result of the dissolution of the brass sample, a means of preventing this interference is necessary. This can be accomplished by converting the iron(III) to a soluble iron(III) phosphate complex using phosphoric acid. At a pH of 3.0-4.0 the iron phosphate complex is not reduced by iodide ion. If arsenic and antimony are present, they will provide no interference at this pH if they are in their higher oxidation states. Brass formulations also may contain up to 39% Zn, 2.5% Sn and 8.5% Pb. When dissolved in concentrated nitric acid, the zinc and the lead become Pb2+ and Zn2+. These do not interfere with the analysis of copper because they are not reduced to the Pb+ and Zn+ states by the action of iodide ion under the conditions of this experiment. The tin is oxidised to Sn4+ by the concentrated nitric acid and after dilution and adjustment of pH this form becomes SnO2 which is insoluble and may be observed as an inert white precipitate at the bottom of your flask. Under these conditions the tin does not interfere with the analysis.

Sources of Error.
The following are the most important sources of error in the iodometric method:

1. Loss of iodine by evaporation from the solution. This can be minimised by having a large excess of iodide in order to keep the iodine tied up as tri-iodide ion. It should also be apparent that the titrations involving iodine must be made in cold solutions in order to minimise loss through evaporation.

2. Atmospheric oxidation of iodide ion in acidic solution. In acid solution, prompt titration of the liberated iodine is necessary in order to prevent oxidation.

3. Starch solutions that are no longer fresh or improperly prepared. The indicator will then not behave properly at the endpoint and a quantitative determination is not possible.

Experimental
Click here to see images of what one can expect in this experiment.

Preparation of a 0.10 mol dm-3 Standard Na2S2O3 Solution
With a graduated cylinder measure out 1 dm3 (1 litre) of distilled water. Place it in your 1 dm3 beaker and boil the water for at least 5 minutes. Weigh out 25 g of Na2S2O3 · 5 H2O and 0.1 g of Na2CO3. Dissolve the thiosulphate in the hot water and then cool this solution with the aid of an ice bath to room temperature. Then add the carbonate and stir until it is completely dissolved. Transfer the solution to your plastic 1 dm3 bottle. When not in use store this bottle in the darkness of your equipment cabinet as the decomposition of thiosulphate is catalysed by light.

Blank Determination.
Potassium iodide may contain appreciable amounts of iodate ion which in acid solution will react with iodide and yield iodine. The liberated iodine would react with thiosulphate and thereby cause the apparent molarity of the thiosulphate to be too low. The following procedure allows for the determination of a blank correction which will properly correct for any iodate that might be present. Prepare a solution of exactly 2.00 g of KI dissolved in 50 cm3 of distilled water and then acidify the solution with 5 cm3 of 3 mol dm−3 sulphuric acid and then immediately add 5 cm3 of starch indicator. If a blue-black colour appears right after mixing, use the thiosulphate solution in the burette to determine the volume of solution required to cause the colour to disappear. This volume must be subtracted from the standardisation and analyses volumes. If the potassium iodide is completely iodate-free no colour will of course develop and no blank correction is necessary.

Standardisation of the Na2S2O3 Solution
Dry approximately 2 g of KIO3 at a temperature of 110 °C for one hour. Weigh to a precision of ± 0.0001g three samples of the iodate having masses near 0.12 g directly into three 250 cm3 conical flasks. Dissolve the iodate in 75 cm3 of distilled water. Cover the flasks with parafilm and store them. Rinse and fill your burette with the solution. If a blank correction is required add exactly 2.00 g of KI to each of the potassium iodate solutions. If no blank determination is required, the exact amount of KI is not crucial but should be close to 2 g. Then add 10 cm3 of 1 mol dm−3 HCl to one of the solutions. It will turn a dark-brown colour. Immediately titrate it with the thiosulphate solution. When the colour of the solution becomes very pale yellow add 5 cm3 of starch indicator. Continue the titration until the blue colour of the starch complex just disappears. Follow the same procedure with each of the other two solutions, first adding the HCl then titrating. Correct your titration data for burette error and if necessary apply the blank correction. Calculate the molarity of the Na2S2O3 solution. Results should agree to within 0.2% of the average. If you do not achieve that kind of precision, titrate additional samples.

Dissolution of the Brass Sample.
The following procedures in this section make use of the hot plates in the fume hoods. The solutions of dissolved brass generally have a low volume and high acid and salt concentrations. "Bumping" or little explosions of steam in the superheated liquid can occur. You do not want your hand to be close to the mouth of the flask should the solution suddenly "bump" because drops of acid (not to mention part of your sample) will fly out of the flask and possibly onto your hand. For that reason you must use your tongs to place the flasks on the hot plate and to remove them. Do not use strips of paper towel or the rubber Hot Hands because your real hand will end up being too close to the mouth of the flask.

The brass sample which you will receive does not have to be dried before use. Accurately weigh out three brass samples, of about 0.3 g each, directly into separate 250 cm3 conical flasks. In the fume hood add 5 cm3 of 6 mol dm−3 HNO3. Warm the solution on a hot plate in the fume hood until dissolution is complete. Add 10 cm3 of concentrated (not 3 mol dm−3) H2SO4 and continue heating until white SO3 fumes appear. It is important that you do not mistake ordinary water vapour for SO3 fumes. It is also important at this point that the flask not be removed from the hood. SO3 fumes are dangerous and ought not to be inhaled. Only when the slightly denser white fumes of SO3 are observed can you be sure that all HNO3 has been removed. NO3- will oxidise I- and hence will seriously interfere with the procedure. Cool the flask in air for one or two minutes and then in an ice bath, then carefully add 20 cm3 of distilled H2O. Boil for one or two minutes then again cool in an ice bath. Continue to keep the flask in the ice bath and using your medicine dropper add concentrated NH3(aq) dropwise, and with adequate mixing, until the light-blue colour of the solution is completely changed to the dark-blue colour of the copper tetraammine complex. As many as 400 drops (20 cm3) may be required. The solution must be kept cool in an ice bath since the reaction between the concentrated H2SO4 and concentrated NH3 is highly exothermic. Now add 3 mol dm−3 H2SO4 dropwise until the dark-blue colour just disappears. You do not have to produce a complete disappearance of the dark blue colour but you need to approach that point. The subsequent addition of phosphoric acid will lower the pH appropriately to around 3.5. If you add too much 3 mol dm−3 H2SO4 the pH may turn out to be sufficiently low to cause unwanted side reactions to occur when you reduce the Cu2+ with iodide. If you are uncertain about the disappearance of the dark blue colour you may put 50 cm3 of 0.06 mol dm−3 Cu2+ in a clean 250 cm3 flask and add 12 mol dm−3 ammonia dropwise until you have that unmistakable dark blue colour. Then add 3 mol dm−3 H2SO4 dropwise until the blue colour almost disappears. Then add 2 cm3 concentrated phosphoric acid and you ought to see the dark colour completely disappear. You may copy that procedure to achieve an appropriate pH of around 3.5 for subsequent steps in the analysis. Now, back to your real sample: Once you are confident that you haven't added too much 3 mol dm−3 H2SO4, but that you have caused the dark colour of the copper tetraammine complex almost to disappear, add 2.0 cm3 of concentrated phosphoric acid, H3PO4, to each sample. Verify to yourself that they exhibit the light copper colour rather than the dark colour and cover the flasks with parafilm and set them aside until you are ready to proceed with the titration.

Titration of the Dissolved Brass Sample.
If you have let the dissolved samples stand overnight, be sure to warm the sample on a hot plate (this can be done at your desk) in order to dissolve all larger crystals of copper sulphate that might have formed. Be sure to cool the samples to room temperature, or below, with the aid of an ice bath. The solutions will still contain a fine, white precipitate at this point; however, this will not interfere with the rest of the procedure. From this point on work with only one sample at a time. Add 4.0 g of KI to one of your samples and titrate immediately with the standard thiosulphate solution. The sample contains white CuI precipitate and the color of I3- must be observed against that precipitate. The slurry will at first appear brown or dark yellow-brown. Continue adding thiosulfate until the slurry is a light mustard colour. At this point add 5 cm3 of starch indicator and titrate until the mixture in the flask takes on a milky pink or lavender hue. Now add 2 g of KSCN and mix well; the solution will darken somewhat. After the addition of thiocyanate, continue to add more thiosulphate dropwise. You should observe a sudden change to a white or cream colour. That is the endpoint of the titration. After you have titrated all three samples calculate the percentage of Cu in each of the brass samples, the average percentage and the average deviation.

The description above applies for brass samples with low concentrations of zinc (<10%). Some of you may have brass samples with higher concentrations of zinc. Such samples will become quite dark after the addition of KI and will lighten only slightly as thiosulphate is added. The "mustard colour" will be darker than samples having low percentages of copper. When the starch is added the sample will become dark blue-black again and as you approach the end point with the thiosulphate the slurry will turn a violet colour rather than milky pink or lavender hue. With the addition of the KSCN the solution will darken somewhat as in the case of the other samples, but the final end point will be a bit darker than the white or cream colour described above. If you think that you have a sample with high zinc content, observe your progress carefully and take notes which will allow you to achieve repeatability.

Explanation: The reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ occurs as the result of the oxidation of I- to I2. The I2 combines with iodide ion to produce the dark brown triodide ion, I3-. The excess iodide ion also causes the reduced copper to precipitate as white copper (I) iodide, CuI. I2 and I3- in solution tend to adsorb on the surface of CuI thus becoming unavailable for rapid reduction by the thiosulphate. As a result, iodometric titrations involving reduced copper tend to yield lower results unless the adsorbed I2 can be liberated by adding thiocyanate ion, SCN-, which competes with the adsorbed iodine molecules on the surface of solid particles of CuI. After the addition of thiocyanate, continue to add more thiosulphate dropwise. You should observe a sudden change to a white or cream colour. That is the endpoint of the titration. After you have titrated all three samples calculate the percentage of Cu in each of the brass samples, the average percentage and the average deviation.

Report
Your report must include the following information in the two sections below.

1. Unknown number

2. The three weights of KIO3 used for the standardisation of thiosulphate

3. Volume in cm3 of thiosulphate for each of your standardisation titrations

4. Average molarity of the thiosulphate solution

5. Weight of brass used for each sample

6. Volume of thiosulphate solution used for each sample

7. Cu percentage for each sample

8. The average percentage of Cu in your brass sample

9. The average deviation from the mean of the percent Cu for the three samples

10. Pages in your lab notebook containing the pertinent data.

Questions on Cu in Brass Analysis
1. Why is it necessary to boil the water used to prepare the thiosulphate solution?

2. Why is Na2CO3 added to the thiosulphate solution?

3. Why is the thiosulphate solution stored in the dark?

4. Why is HCl added to the IO3- mixture and why must the solution be titrated immediately?

5. Why is the solution containing the dissolved brass sample heated to expel SO3 fumes?

6. Why is H3PO4 added to the brass sample?

7. What is the purpose of the KSCN that is added just before the endpoint in the titration?

8. Why is the solution containing the dissolved brass made basic with concentrated NH3 and then again acidified with H2SO4?

9. What is the formula of the tetrammine copper(II) complex?

10. Why do Zn2+ and Pb2+ not interfere in this procedure?

11. What sort of complications would arise if the iodine/thiosulphate titration were carried out in a highly acidic solution?

12. If the solution were highly basic, how would the iodine/thiosulphate reaction be influenced? 13. Why is the starch indicator not added at the beginning of the titration?


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User talk:84.130.123.191

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Ancient History/Rome/Late Republic Economy

Roman trade was the engine that drove the economy of the late Roman Republic and the early Roman Empire. Fashions and trends in historiography and in popular culture have tended to neglect the economic basis of the empire in favour of the lingua franca of Latin and the exploits of the Roman legions. The language and the legions were supported by trade while being at the same time part of its backbone. Romans were businessmen — the longevity of their empire was due to their commercial trade. Whereas in theory members of the Roman Senate and their families were prohibited from engaging in trade, the members of the Equestrian order were involved in businesses, despite their upper class values that laid the emphasis on military pursuits and leisure activities. Plebeians and freedmen held shop or manned stalls at markets while vast quantities of slaves did most of the hard work. The slaves were themselves also the subject of commercial transactions, and given their high proportion in society (compared to that in Classical Greece), and the reality of runaways, the Roman Servile Wars and minor uprisings, they gave a distinct flavour to Roman commerce. The intricate, complex, and extensive accounting of Roman trade was conducted with counting boards and the Roman abacus. The abacus, using Roman numerals, was ideally suited to the counting of Roman currency and tallying of Roman measures.


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User talk:210.212.178.1

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