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Radiation Oncology/Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma

Epidemiology

 * A spectrum of tumors arising from primitive sympathetic ganglion cells
 * Third most common childhood cancer (8-10%), after leukemia and brain tumors
 * Most common extracranial solid malignancy of childhood
 * Most common malignancy of infants (1/2 of all cases)
 * Incidence 9/1,000,000 -> ~650 children per year in U.S.
 * Median age at diagnosis 17 months
 * 75% <2 years
 * 90% <5 years
 * Majority is sporadic, although 1-2% appear autosomal dominant and present earlier
 * Olfactory neuroblastoma, also known as esthesioneuroblastoma, may be a related diagnosis

Presentation

 * Has a broad spectrum of clinical presentations and paraneoplastic syndromes.
 * "Quirky natural history" from benign localized lesions to spontaneous remission of metastatic disease to aggressive widely disseminated tumors
 * May arise in any portion of the sympathetic nervous system
 * Adrenal gland 40%
 * Abdominal ganglia 25%
 * Thoracic ganglia 15%
 * Cervical ganglia 5%
 * Pelvic ganglia 5%
 * Metastatic ~60% at presentation
 * "Favorable" typically to liver, skin
 * "Unfavorable" typically to bone marrow, bones (orbits, skull)
 * Typical symptoms abdominal swelling or pain, diarrhea/constipation, bone pain, periorbital swelling
 * Paraneoplastic syndromes (rare)
 * Vasoactive intenstinal polypeptide secretion: intractable diarrhea
 * Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome (1-3%): dancing eye, rhythmic jerking, ataxia
 * Spinal cord compression (7-15%) is an oncologic emergency
 * Normal sympathetic tissues secrete catecholamines, VMA or HVA noted in urine 90% of patients, but VMA or HVA screening no value

Workup

 * History: diarrhea/constipation, ataxia
 * Physical exam: neurologic function, skin mets (reddish-purple raised lesions), periorbital ecchimoses
 * Labs: urine catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine, VMA and HVA)
 * Imaging: Abdominal ultrasound, CT/MRI to define extent, bone scan, meta-iodobenzyl-guanidine (MIBG, chemical analog of norepinephrine) scan
 * Bone marrow biopsy

Pathology

 * Spectrum of tumors arising from primitive sympathetic ganglion cells (least to more differentiated):
 * Neuroblastoma (~85%)
 * Ganglioneuroblastoma (~10%)
 * Ganglioneuroma (~1%) - considered a benign tumor
 * Classification based on balance between neural-type cells (primitive neuroblasts, maturing neuroblasts, ganglion cells) and stromal Schwann-type cells (Schwannian blasts, mature Schwann cells)
 * Most undifferentiated neuroblastomas are composed entirely of neuroblasts with scant Schwannian (stromal) cells (small, round, blue cells)
 * Positive for: neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, neuronal filaments, S100, NB84
 * Shimada system ("favorable" vs. "unfavorable") - based on patient age, rich or poor stroma, nodularity, degree of differentiation, mitosis-karyorrhexis index (MKI)
 * International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification System (PMID 10421273, 1999)
 * Favorable:
 * Neuroblastoma, <1.5 years old, poorly differentiated or differentiating with low/intermediate MKI tumor
 * Neuroblastoma, 1.5-5 years old, differentiating and low MKI tumor
 * Ganglioneuroblastoma, intermixed
 * Ganglioneuroma
 * Unfavorable:
 * <1.5 years old, undifferentiated or high MKI tumor
 * 1.5-5 years old, undifferentiated/poorly differentiated tumor or intermediate/high MKI tumor
 * >5 years old, any tumor
 * Ganglioneuroblastoma, nodular

Molecular biology

 * More aggressive
 * MYCN gene amplification (5-400x) in ~25%. MYCN is a DNA binding transcription factor known to cause malignant transformation. Infants 4S with MYCN 3-year OS <50% vs. without MYCN >90%
 * Chromosomal deletions 1p (in 23%) and 11q (in 35%)
 * Chromosomal gains 17q (in ~50%)
 * Less aggressive:
 * DNA ploidy. 2-year EFS triploid 94% vs. diploid MYCN- 45% vs. diploid MYCN+ 11%

International Neuroblastoma Risk Groups Staging System (INRGSS)
Staging System; 2009 (PMID 19047290)
 * Developed because INSS staging system is based on degree of surgical resection, and therefore is not suitable for induction approaches. This system allows for worldwide comparisons of outcomes based on pretreatment characteristics
 * Stage L1 - Localized tumor not involving vital structures as defined by the list of image-defined risk factors and confined to one body component
 * Stage L2 - Locoregional tumor with presence of one or more image-defined risk factors
 * Extension across two body compartments: Neck-chest; chest-abdomen; abdomen-pelvis
 * Neck: Tumor encasing carotid and/or vertebral artery and/or internal jugular vein, tumor extending to base of skull, tumor compressing the trachea
 * Cervico-thoracic junction: Tumor encasing brachial plexus roots; tumor encasing subclavian vessels and/or vertebral and/or carotid artery; tumor compressing the trachea
 * Thorax: Tumor encasing the aorta and/or major branches; tumor compressing the trachea and/or principal bronchi; lower mediastinal tumor, infiltrating the costo-vertebral junction between T9 and T12
 * Thoraco-abdominal: Tumor encasing the aorta and/or vena cava
 * Abdomen/pelvis: Tumor infiltrating the porta hepatis and/or the hepatoduodenal ligament; tumor encasing branches of the superior mesenteric artery at the mesenteric root; tumor encasing the origin of the coeliac axis, and/or of the superior mesenteric artery; tumor invading one or both renal pedicles; tumor encasing the aorta and/or vena cava; tumor encasing the iliac vessels; pelvic tumor crossing the sciatic notch
 * Intraspinal tumor extension whatever the location provided that: More than one third of the spinal canal in the axial plane is invaded and/or the perimedullary leptomeningeal spaces are not visible and/or the spinal cord signal is abnormal
 * Infiltration of adjacent organs/structures: Pericardium, diaphragm, kidney, liver, duodeno-pancreatic block, and mesentery
 * Conditions to be recorded, but not considered IDRFs: Multifocal primary tumors; pleural effusion, with or without malignant cells; ascites, with or without malignant cells
 * Stage M - Distant metastatic disease (except stage MS)
 * Stage MS - Metastatic disease in children younger than 18 months with metastases confined to skin, liver, and/or bone marrow

International Neuroblastoma Staging System (INSS)
Revised; 1993 (PMID 8336186)
 * Stage 1 - Localized tumor. Complete gross excision, with or without microscopic residual disease. Representative ipsilateral lymph nodes negative microscopically (nodes attached and removed with the primary tumor may be positive)
 * Stage 2A - Localized tumor with incomplete gross excision. Representative ipsilateral nonadherent lymph nodes negative microscopically
 * Stage 2B - Localized tumor with or without incomplete gross excision. Positive nonadherent ipsilateral lymph nodes. Enlarged contralateral lymph nodes negative microscopically
 * Stage 3 - Unresectable tumor infiltrating across the midline with or without regional lymph node involvement. Unilateral tumor with contralateral regional lymph node involvement. Midline tumor with bilateral extension by infiltration (unresectable) or by regional lymph node involvement
 * Stage 4 - Dissemination of tumor to distant lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver, and/or other organs (except as defined for stage 4S)
 * Stage 4S - Localized primary tumor as defined for Stage 1, 2A or 2B. Dissemination limited to liver, skin and/or <10% of bone marrow (in infants <1 year of age)

Original; 1988 (PMID 8336186)
 * Stage 1 - Localized tumor confined to the area of origin. Complete gross excision, with or without microscopic residual disease. Identifiable ipsilateral and contralateral lymph nodes negative microscopically
 * Stage 2A - Unilateral tumor with incomplete gross excision. Identifiable ipsilateral and contralateral lymph nodes negative microscopically
 * Stage 2B - Unilateral tumor with incomplete gross excision. Positive ipsilateral lymph nodes. Identifiable contralateral lymph nodes negative microscopically
 * Stage 3 - Tumor infiltrating across the midline with or without regional lymph node involvement. Unilateral tumor with contralateral regional lymph nodes involvement. Midline tumor with bilateral regional lymph node involvement
 * Stage 4 - Dissemination of tumor to distant lymph nodes, bone, bone marrow, liver, and/or other organs (except as defined in stage 4S)
 * Stage 4B - Localized primary tumor as defined for Stage 1 or 2. Dissemination limited to liver, skin and/or bone marrow

Previous staging systems

 * St. Jude / POG; 1983 - PMID 6848729 (1983)
 * Surgicalpathologic staging
 * POG A: Complete gross resection of primary, lymph nodes not adherent to primary tumor are negative, liver is histologically negative
 * POG B: Grossly unresected primary tumor, LN -, liver –
 * POG C: Complete or incomplete resection, LN+, liver –
 * POG D: Distant LN, bone, bone marrow, liver or skin
 * POG DS: Infants< 1yr with stage IV-S
 * Children's Cancer Study Group (CCSG); 1971 (Evans, 1971, PMID 5100400; Evans, 1980, PMID 7370930)
 * Clinical staging
 * Evans I: Tumor confined to organ or structure
 * Evans II: Tumor extending in continuity beyond organ but not crossing midline or involved ipsilateral lymph nodes
 * Evans III: Tumor extending beyond midline or involved bilateral lymph nodes
 * Evans IV: Remote disease involving bone, bone marrow, soft tissue or distant lymph nodes
 * Evans IV-S: Stage I or II except for presence of mets to liver, skin marrow.

Risk groups
INRG Risk Groups; 2009 (PMID 19047291)
 * Prognostic factors: INRG Stage (see above), Age, Histology, Grade, MYCN, 11q aberration, Ploidy
 * Pretreatment categories: 16 (A-R)
 * Pretreatment risk groups: Very low, Low, Intermediate, High

POG Risk Groups:
 * Stage 1-2 - always low risk
 * Stage 3 - intermediate or high risk
 * Stage 4 - intermediate or high risk
 * Stage 4S - can be low, int, or high risk

Studies
Risk-related therapy:
 * POG 8743 - PMID 9060959 — "Genetic staging of unresectable or metastatic neuroblastoma in infants: a Pediatric Oncology Group study." Bowman LC et al. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997 Mar 5;89(5):373-80.
 * Infants. Treated with standard chemotherapy. Showed that pts who were hyperdiploid had more favorable responses compared to diploid pts. NYMC gene amplification and elevated LDH were predictive for worse outcome.
 * POG 9243 -
 * POG 8742 and POG 9244 - PMID 9516866 — "Event-free survival of children with biologically favorable neuroblastoma based on the degree of initial tumor resection: results from the Pediatric Oncology Group." Strother D et al. Eur J Cancer. 1997 Oct;33(12):2121-5.
 * Pts > 1 yr old, INSS Stages 2B and 3.

Low-risk

 * POG 9641 NCT00003119
 * Purpose: supportive-care only for low risk disease
 * Results: For all 915 eligible patients, 5-year event-free survival (EFS) and OS were 89% ± 1% and 97% ± 1%, respectively. For patients with asymptomatic stage 2a or 2b disease, 5-year EFS and OS were 87% ± 2% and 96% ± 1%, respectively. Among patients with stage 2b disease, EFS and OS were significantly lower for those with unfavorable histology or diploid tumors, and OS was significantly lower for those ≥ 18 months old. For patients with stage 1 and 4s NBL, 5-year OS rates were 99% ± 1% and 91% ± 1%, respectively. Patients who required chemotherapy at diagnosis achieved 5-year OS of 98% ± 1%. Of all patients observed after surgery, 11.1% experienced recurrence or progression of disease.
 * Conclusion: Excellent survival rates can be achieved in asymptomatic low-risk patients with stages 2a and 2b NBL after surgery alone. Immediate use of chemotherapy may be restricted to a minority of patients with low-risk NBL. Patients with stage 2b disease who are older or have diploid or unfavorable histology tumors fare less well. Future studies will seek to refine risk classification.

 * GPOH NB95-S and NB97 (Germany)(1995-2004)
 * Prospective. 340 infants, age <1 year, with Stage 1-3, and MYCN-. Surgery if risk of operation was low (56%); chemotherapy only if threatening symptoms (17%). 93 patients (27%) observed with U/S q6 weeks and MRI q3 months.
 * 2008 PMID 18349403 -- "Localized infant neuroblastomas often show spontaneous regression: results of the prospective trials NB95-S and NB97." (Hero B, J Clin Oncol. 2008 Mar 20;26(9):1504-10.)
 * Subset analysis of 93 patients who were observed only.
 * Outcome: spontaneous regression 47%, no change 11%, local progression/stage 4S progression 38%, stage 4 progression 4%. Time-to-regression variable, 1-18 months after diagnosis, in 34% patients >1 year. Median OS, 3-year OS and MDFS not different from patients treated with surgery or chemotherapy
 * Conclusion: Spontaneous regression seen regularly in infants with localized neuroblastoma, and not limited to first year of life. Wait-and-see strategy justified

Stage 1-2
Surgery alone:
 * POG 8104 / POG 8441 (1981-86)
 * Prospective. 101 pts with POG / St Jude Stage A (same as INSS 1 but allows for lymph nodes adherent to tumor but removed in resection). Protocol allowed all stages, but this report focuses on Stage A.
 * Treatment: Surgical excision alone.
 * PMID 3411339, 1988 — "Localized neuroblastoma treated by surgery: a Pediatric Oncology Group Study." Nitschke R et al. J Clin Oncol. 1988 Aug;6(8):1271-9.
 * 2-yr DFS 89%
 * Conclusion: surgery is sufficient treatment for Stage A (equivalent to Stage 1).

Stage 3-4
High risk:
 * CCG 3891 (1991-96)
 * Randomized. 539 pts. High-risk, Evans Stage IV, or Stage III with MYCN amplification, elevated ferritin, or unfavorable histology.
 * Initial chemotherapy: 5 cycles of cisplatin, doxorubicin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide. Surgery and RT: given between cycles 4+5 for gross residual disease.
 * Randomized to: 1) Myeloablative therapy and ABMT with TBI vs. 2) intensive nonmyeloablative chemo (cisplatin, etoposide, doxorubicin, ifosfamide x 3 cycles)
 * 2nd randomization: +/- 6 cycles of 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin)
 * PMID 10519894, 1999 — "Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma with intensive chemotherapy, radiotherapy, autologous bone marrow transplantation, and 13-cis-retinoic acid. Children's Cancer Group." Matthay KK et al. N Engl J Med. 1999 Oct 14;341(16):1165-73.
 * 3-yr EFS 34% (ABMT) vs 22%, 46% (retinoic acid) vs 29%.
 * Conclusion: survival benefit for ABMT and 13-cis-retinoic acid in high risk pts.

Stage 4S

 * CCG 3881 (1989-95)
 * Prospective. 80 pts. Evans Stage IV-S (concordant with INSS 4S). Surgical staging in 49. Trial enrolled good, intermediate, and selected poor-risk neuroblastoma, but report focuses on Stage IV-S pts only.
 * Treatment: supportive care only. 31 pts had resection. Chemo +/- RT was given for rapid tumor growth and compromise of vital organs.
 * PMID 10653863, 2000 — "Favorable biology and outcome of stage IV-S neuroblastoma with supportive care or minimal therapy: a Children's Cancer Group study." Nickerson HJ et al. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Feb;18(3):477-86.
 * Median f/u 43 mos. 5-yr EFS was 86%, OS 92%. Supportive care alone was possible in 57% of pts. EFS worse for infants < 2 months age. Favorable histology in 96%, no pts had MYCN amplification.
 * Conclusion: many pts with Stage 4S have excellent survival with no therapy.

Abdominal neuroblastoma

 * Emory; 2005 PMID 16302219 -- "Comparison of conventional to intensity modulated radiation therapy for abdominal neuroblastoma." (Paulino AC, Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005 Nov 21; [Epub ahead of print])
 * Retrospective. 6 children, 3 different RT techniques compared
 * Technique A: parallel-opposed AP/PA fields to midline
 * Technique B: IMRT, CTV = tumor after chemo + 1.5 cm margin; PTV = CTV + 0.5 cm margin
 * Technique C: as B + vertebral bodies included in PTV
 * Conclusion : "Dose to the PTV and CTV were not significantly different using the three techniques. Although Technique C was the best method of RT delivery in midline tumors with respect to kidney doses, this was at a cost of a higher mean dose to the liver, stomach, and spleen. This, together with the theoretical increase in secondary malignancies, should be considered when treating a child with IMRT techniques. IMRT was not found to be better than the conventional AP/PA field for lateralized tumors."

Treatment Overview

 * Low-risk:
 * Surgery alone
 * Chemotherapy for persistence or recurrence (carbo/etoposide or carbo/cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin)
 * RT for recurrence salvage
 * Intermediate-risk:
 * Surgery followed by chemotherapy
 * Chemotherapy: Short course of chemotherapy (4 courses) if favorable histology. Longer course (8 courses) if unfavorable histology.
 * RT (18 to 30 Gy) for local persistence or recurrence of disease
 * High-risk:
 * Initial resection or biopsy
 * Aggressive induction chemotherapy
 * Maximal surgical resection to achieve a complete response or debulk tumor
 * Myeloablative therapy and ABMT (may use total body irradiation)
 * Consolidative RT to post-induction primary and metastatic sites with persistent MIBG avidity on pretransplant scans
 * 4S:
 * If acute respiratory or abdominal compartment syndrome due to massive liver enlargement

Radiation technique

 * Fields (per Perez 8th edition)
 * Primary tumor + 2cm margin to block edge
 * Regional lymph nodes if they were radiographically or pathologically involved at any time during disease course
 * Elective mediastinal irradiation is typically not recommended due to significant morbidity
 * Dose
 * Children < 18 months: 15 Gy + 5-10 Gy boost
 * Older children: 15-20 Gy + 5-10 Gy boost
 * Stage 4S: 4.5 Gy in 3 fractions (1.5 Gy/fx) for liver.

title: Radiation Oncology/Neuroblastoma


text:
Help:Export

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<!ATTLIST mediawiki version CDATA  #REQUIRED xmlns CDATA #FIXED "http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.3/" xmlns:xsi CDATA #FIXED "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation CDATA #FIXED "http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.3/ http://www.mediawiki.org/xml/export-0.3.xsd" > <!ELEMENT siteinfo (sitename,base,generator,case,namespaces)> <!ELEMENT sitename (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT base (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT generator (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT case (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT namespaces (namespace+)> <!ELEMENT namespace (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST namespace key CDATA #REQUIRED> <!ELEMENT page (title,id?,restrictions?,(revision|upload)*)> <!ELEMENT title (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT id (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT restrictions (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT revision (id?,timestamp,contributor,minor?,comment,text)> <!ELEMENT timestamp (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT minor EMPTY> <!ELEMENT comment (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT text (#PCDATA)> <!ATTLIST text xml:space CDATA #FIXED "preserve"> <!ELEMENT contributor ((username,id) | ip)> <!ELEMENT username (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT ip (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT upload (timestamp,contributor,comment?,filename,src,size)> <!ELEMENT filename (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT src (#PCDATA)> <!ELEMENT size (#PCDATA)>

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Help:Export


text:
Help talk:Export

Meta:Help:Export authors and history
= From Meta:Help talk:Export =
 * 22:18, 28 January 2006 User:64.142.64.252 (→Details and practical advise)
 * 02:24, 23 December 2005 User:Phoenix-forgotten m (→Export format - fixed intra-wiki link)
 * 03:00, 1 December 2005 User:Patrick (→Using 'Special:Export' - clarify)
 * 12:01, 30 November 2005 User:Harry Wood (more basic instructions.)
 * 14:40, 29 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed hyperlinks that break when this page is copied to other projects.)
 * 14:40, 29 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed hyperlinks and transclusion that break when this page is copied to other projects.)
 * 08:26, 16 November 2005 User:Who m (Reverted edits by 83.69.125.109 to last version by 67.161.48.13)
 * 08:20, 16 November 2005 User:83.69.125.109
 * 17:23, 15 October 2005 User:67.161.48.13 (→Processing XML export)
 * 04:24, 13 October 2005 User:129.110.241.94 (→Processing XML export)
 * 17:02, 11 September 2005 User:71.247.200.207 (→How to export)
 * 01:59, 10 September 2005 User:24.20.181.30 (added link to Parse::MediaWikiDump)
 * 07:36, 6 September 2005 User:Shellreef m (→DTD - update Wikipedia link (was a disamb. page))
 * 23:08, 5 September 2005 User:Shellreef (→How to export - dumpBackup.php, >=1.5)
 * 13:23, 4 September 2005 User:82.88.29.219 (→Processing XML export)
 * 08:43, 2 September 2005 User:Patrick (→Exporting all pages)
 * 08:42, 2 September 2005 User:Patrick (→How to export - restore practical info)
 * 08:12, 2 September 2005 User:Patrick m (→How to export)
 * 08:02, 2 September 2005 User:Patrick
 * 19:21, 1 September 2005 User:TomRitchford m (→Details and practical advises)
 * 03:34, 31 August 2005 User:TomRitchford (→Export format)
 * 15:18, 26 August 2005 User:Nichtich m (→Processing XML export - link)
 * 10:20, 24 August 2005 User:Nichtich (rewritten)
 * 14:31, 17 May 2005 User:Patrick (Help:Export moved to Help:Export and import)

title: Help talk:Export


text:
Template:Formal Logic/Predicate Logic TOC

For book Formal Logic.

 * 1) Sentential Logic
 * 2) Informal Overview
 * 3) Goals
 * 4) The Predicate Language
 * 5) Syntax
 * 6) Formal Syntax
 * 7) Free and Bound Variables
 * 8) Informal Conventions
 * 9) Semantics
 * 10) Models
 * 11) Satisfaction
 * 12) Truth
 * 13) Natural Language Translations
 * 14) Derivations


text:
Formal Logic/Predicate Logic

Predicate Logic

Contents

 * 1) Predicate Logic

title: Formal Logic/Predicate Logic


text:
Formal Logic/Predicate Logic/Goals

= Goals =

Sentential logic treated whole sentences and truth functional relations among them. Predicate logic treats more fine-grained logical features. This page will informally describe of the logic features of English captured by predicate logic.

Predicates and terms
We distinguish between predicates and terms. The simplest terms are simple names such as 'one', 'Socrates', or 'Pegasus'. Simple predicates attribute properties to the object named. In

 * Socrates is bald.

'Socrates' is a name and 'is bald' is the predicate. We can informally exhibit its logical structure with

 * Bald(socrates)

There are also more complex terms such as '3 minus 2', 'the father of Socrates', and '3 divided by 0'. The logical structure of these can be exhibited informally by

 * minus(3, 2)
 * father(socrates)
 * quotient(3, 0)

These more complex terms can be used to construct sentences such as

 * 3 minus 2 is even.
 * The father of Socrates is bald.
 * 3 divided by zero is odd.

Their logical structure can be informally exhibited by
 * Even( minus(3, 2) )
 * Bald( father(Socrates) )
 * Odd( quotient(3, 0) )

There are also complex predicates, often called relations. Sentences using such predicates include

 * 3 is greater than 2
 * Socrates is a child of the father of Socrates and the mother of Socrates.
 * Pegasus kicked Bucephalus.

Their logical structures can be informally exhibited as

 * Greater_than(3, 2)
 * Child(socrates, father(socrates), mother(socrates))
 * Kicked(pegasus, bucephalus)

General statements
Names and other terms refer to specific objects. We can also speak generally of all objects or of some (at least one) objects. Some examples are:

 * All numbers are prime.
 * Some numbers are prime.
 * Some numbers are not prime.
 * No numbers are prime.

The logical structures of the first three can be informally exhibited as

 * All x (if Number(x), then Prime(x)).
 * Some x (Number(x) and Prime(x)).
 * Some x (Number(x) and not( Prime(x))).

The fourth can have its logical structure exhibited either as

 * All x (if Number(x), then not Prime(x).

or, equivalently, as

 * Not (some x (Number(x) and Prime(x))).

Note that we count

 * All unicorns have a horn

as trivially true because there are no unicorns. In addition, we take 'some' to mean at least one (not, as might be expected, at least two). Thus we take

 * Some prime numbers are even

to be true even though two is the only even prime.

More complexity
Variables such as ' x ' and ' y ' help us to keep the following straight.

 * All x all y (if Person(x) and Person(y), then Loves(x, y))
 * All x all y (if Person(y) and Person(x), then Loves(y, x))
 * These are equivalent and both say that everybody loves everybody.

 * Some x some y (Person(x) and Person(y) and Loves(x, y))
 * Some x Some y (Person(y) and Person(x) and Loves(y, x))
 * These are equivalent and both say that somebody loves someone.

 * All x (if Person(x), then some y (Person(y) and Loves(x, y)))
 * Some y (Person(y) and all x (if Person(x), then Loves(x, y)))
 * The first says that everybody loves somebody (or other—they do not necessarily all love the same person). The second says that somebody is loved by everybody.  Thus the second, but not the first, requires a universally loved person.

 * All x (if Person(x), then some y (Person(y) and Loves(y, x)))
 * Some y (Person(y) and all x (if Person(x), then Loves(y, x)))
 * The first says that that everybody is loved by somebody (or other—not necessarily all loved by the same person). The second says that the somebody loves everybody.  Thus the second, but not the first, requires a universal lover.

Domains
By convention, we can temporarily limit the range of the objects being considered. For example, a policy of speaking only about people might be conventionally adopted. Such a convention would allow us to hope optimistically that

 * All x some y Loves(y, x)

without hoping that cups and saucers are thereby loved. The truth or falsity of a sentence can be evaluated within the context of such a convention or policy. In a different context, a different convention might prove more convenient. For example, the policy of only speaking about people would prevent us from saying

 * Loves( alexander_the_great, beaucephalus)

However, widening the domain to include both horses and people does allow us to say this.

We call the range of objects under discussion the domain, or sometimes the domain of discourse. A sentence that is true in the context of one domain may be false in the context of another.

Limits
There are two limits on predicate logic as conventionally developed and indeed as will be developed here.

 * First, predicate logic assumes that at least one thing exists. We cannot, for example, limit the domain of discourse to unicorns.

 * Second names and complex terms must refer to objects in the domain. Thus we cannot use such terms as

 * Pegasus
 * 3 divided by 0

In addition, if we limit the domain to natural numbers, we cannot use a term such as

 * 2 minus 3

The loss of '3 divided by 0' in turn requires predicate logic to avoid forming any term with 'divided by'. The loss of '2 minus 3' requires predicate logic to avoid forming any term with 'minus' except in the context of domains including negative numbers.

The significance of these limits is controversial. Free Logic attempts to avoid such limits. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy has an entry on free logic.

title: Formal Logic/Predicate Logic/Goals


text:
User:Here

lingua-fills, see en:user:here

title: User:Here


text:
XML - Managing Data Exchange/XLink/Answers

XLink Chapter => XLink

XLink Exercises => Exercises

the Stylesheet
XLink Chapter => XLink

XLink Exercises => Exercises


text:
User talk:CORNELIUSSEON

RANGERS IN COLONIAL AND REVOLUTIONARY AMERICA
Please, do not capitalyse page titles. It is not valid according to Naming policy. --Derbeth talk 07:55, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Are you saying that the titles of established publications are not valid just because Wikimedia says so? For your information, it is standard for US Military Publications to be titled with capitals, and I maintained the titling conventions of the US Army.

BTW, I took a look at the naming conventions, and there is nothing there that forbids me from using all caps.

CORNELIUSSEON 08:06, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:CORNELIUSSEON


text:
AT&T Mobility FAQ

What is a SIM?

 * See Subscriber Identity Module

Do GSM Phones Need to be Activated?

 * No. Only the SIM needs to be activated, and a GSM phone will work as long as:
 * An active SIM is installed in the phone. (A SIM can be moved from phone to phone by the user.)
 * The phone isn't "locked" to some other carrier. (See What is locking?)
 * The phone supports the correct band(s) for the network (850 and 1900 in the case of AT&T).

What is Locking?

 * See Subsidy lock (cellular).

When am I Eligible for a Phone Upgrade?

 * See Upgrade Your Phone

 * Note: "TDMA" (Digital AMPS) customers may only upgrade by switching to GSM, which entails a new rate plan that may not be as good as the old rate plan.

Do I have to buy a phone from AT&T?
No. The real advantages to buying a phone from AT&T are: Otherwise, any GSM phone can be used on AT&T that: Simple rule of thumb is to either get: Notes:
 * 1) Support from AT&T
 * 2) Subsidized lower price in return for contract term extension ($50 off retail for each year of commitment before other possible promotional discounts)
 * 1) Has support for the correct bands: 850 MHz and 1900 MHz
 * 2) Has either:
 * 3) Unbranded (generic) firmware
 * 4) AT&T-branded (customized) firmware
 * 5) Is either:
 * 6) Locked to AT&T
 * 7) Unlocked
 * 1) Current AT&T-branded GSM phone; or
 * 2) Unbranded unlocked GSM phone with 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands
 * 1) An unbranded phone will need to be configured for advanced services. See Mobile Device (e.g., Cell Phone) Configuration.
 * 2) See also other questions in this section.

Where can I Get Help for my AT&T Phone?

 * Tutorials for many different AT&T phones
 * Support Forums

Can I make my phone ring only for certain numbers?
Yes, if your phone supports (a) downloadable ringtones and (b) phonebook number-specific ringtones:
 * 1) Install a silent ringtone.
 * 2) Set that as your default ringtone.
 * 3) Configure certain phonebook numbers to use an audible ringtone.

How can I transfer contacts from old phone to new phone?

 * SIM: Most phones can save contacts to SIM or transfer contacts from phone to SIM. Move the SIM to a new phone, and either use contacts from the SIM or copy them to the phone.
 * PC software: Software can be used to sync old phone contacts with a PC over IrDA, cable, or Bluetooth. The process is then reversed with a new phone.
 * SyncML
 * Services
 * GSMSync (free)
 * MightyBackup (commercial, not yet available for AT&T)
 * Mobical (free)
 * PhoneBackup (commercial)
 * ScheduleWorld (free)
 * ZYB (free)
 * Resources
 * SyncML
 * IBM:Syncing data
 * Open Mobile Alliance:SyncML

Is it still possible to get a high-power "bag" phone?

 * Yes! Motorola M900 (also available in a car mount version)

What is my Service Agreement?

 * See AT&T Service Agreement

How Do I Know How Many Minutes I Have Left?

 * Call Customer Care (611).
 * Use MEdia Net. Data charges apply. Go to your MEdia Net Home page, then My Account.
 * See also What are *Services?.
 * Sign in to your account on AT&T website

What are *Services?
*Services ("star services") are free text messages about your AT&T service that you request by dialing numbers on your phone:

 * Check your balance: || *BAL# (*225#)
 * Check your minutes: || *MIN# (*646#)
 * Check your data usage (including text messages): || *DATA# (*3282#)
 * Pay Your Bill: || *PAY (*729)
 * }
 * Pay Your Bill: || *PAY (*729)
 * }
 * }

What is Rollover?

 * Rollover is a promotional tool which works under the advertising slogan, "They're your minutes, keep'em". At the end of each billing cycle, all unused anytime(daytime) minutes roll over to your next billing cycle. For example, if you are on the Nation 450 plan and you use 300 of your 450 anytime minutes, then at the start of the next billing cycle you will have 450 anytime minutes, and 150 rollover minutes, totaling at 600 usable anytime minutes. Rollover is only available on plans that are $39.99 and up.

How does Rollover Expire?

 * Rollover minutes expire after 12 billing periods(months); i.e., any unused rollover minutes from month 1 expire at month 13, any unused rollover minutes from month 2 expire at month 14, etc.

Do The Minutes Come Off The First Or Last Month?

 * Rollover minutes are deducted from the oldest minutes first. Once you use up your current month's minutes, you begin drawing from your twelve month old minutes, then your eleven month old minutes, and so on.

What is Prepaid Service?

 * GoPhone

Can I Use a Regular GSM Phone on Prepaid Service?

 * Yes if:
 * The phone is either locked to AT&T or unlocked. (See What is Locking?)
 * The phone has the correct frequency bands.

Can I get Caller ID to show properly for each Family Plan phone?

 * A common complaint is that the name of the account holder is shown to the called party for all of the phones on a Family Plan or with combined billing. Here's a report from one subscriber on getting the correct Caller ID for each phone/line:

 * Keep at it till you find the right guy. Many have said it can not be done, even third level managers. But a guy from Cingular Data Tech did it [for me] in about 3 minutes time.

 * If your account is associated with a business discount, better known as "f.a.n." (foundation account number), changing name is as simple as calling in.

Directory Assistance
AT&T Directory Assistance is relatively expensive. Free alternatives include:
 * Directory service providers (ad supported)
 * 1-800-FREE411
 * SMS messaging (messaging charges apply)
 * Including Google and Yahoo!
 * See What are Messaging Services?
 * WAP browsing (data charges apply)
 * See What Are Some Useful WAP Resources?

What's the AT&T Voicemail Menu?

 * AT&T has different voicemail systems in different areas that use different navigation keys. "Blue" (old AT&T) customers are being migrated to the GSM "Orange" (ATTWS) voicemail system with this Menu tree.

Can I Delete a Message Without Listening to It?

 * Yes: When the message starts, press 77 -- that will delete the message that has started, and begin the next message (if any).

Why is my Voicemail Indicator Stuck On?

 * The voicemail indicator on a cell phone may sometimes get stuck ON when there are no voicemail messages. To clear the problem:
 * Try leaving yourself a voicemail, and then deleting that voicemail. Exit the voicemail system by pressing star (*) rather than just hanging up. If that doesn't work ...
 * Call Customer Care (611). Be warned that this may result in having to setup your voicemail again.

How Can I Reset my Voicemail Password?

 * Use MEdia Net. Data charges apply. Go to your MEdia Net Home page, then My Account → Reset Voicemail Pwd.
 * Call Customer Care (611).

Can I Check my AT&T Voicemail from a Landline Phone?

 * Yes: Dial your cellular number, when the voicemail greeting starts, press star (*), and then enter your voicemail password.
 * Note: your cell phone will ring if on.

How to adjust ring duration before incoming call goes to voicemail?

 * By standard GSM Service Codes:

 * Divert Voice Calls, No Answer (delay nn seconds: max 30 seconds, in 5 second increments)
 * {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"

 * Set: || **61*destination*11*nn#[SEND]
 * Cancel:   || ##61*11#[SEND]
 * Query: || *#61*11#[SEND]
 * }
 * Query: || *#61*11#[SEND]
 * }

 * Divert All Calls, No Answer (delay nn seconds: max 30 seconds, in 5 second increments)
 * {| cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"

 * Set: || **61*destination*nn#[SEND]
 * Cancel:   || ##61#[SEND]
 * Query: || *#61#[SEND]
 * }
 * Query: || *#61#[SEND]
 * }

 * Notes:
 * The "destination" is the voice mailbox number, not your mobile number! Do a Query first to get the correct destination number.
 * If the Voice codes don't work, try the All codes (which apply to data calls and fax calls in addition to voice calls).

 * By Using a Phone's Menus

 * Call diversion/forwarding settings may be accessible through a network services menu. Read the phone's manual to find out if and where this menu is located, or begin by looking in the main settings menu.

What is the cost of voicemail?

 * On consumer service plans:
 * Not roaming:
 * Recording of voicemail on unanswered calls: no charge
 * Retrieval of voicemail from a landline phone: no charge
 * Retrieval of voicemail from a cellular phone: regular air time charges apply
 * Roaming: Billed at the roaming rate

How do I configure my GSM phone for AT&T?

 * Phone & Device Support (AT&T website) Select your Network (Cingular or former AT&T Wireless), and handset Manufacturer and Model (or a similar device) to access Device Setup.
 * MEdia Net Configuration Step-by-step instructions.

What's the Outgoing SMTP (E-mail) Server?

 * Cingular (orange) SIM
 * cwmx.com (no footer)
 * photo.mycingular.com (adds a photo messaging footer)  [may not be working]
 * AT&T Service (blue) SIM : smtp.mymmode.com

 * Notes:
 * This is for sending e-mail with an e-mail client in the mobile device, not SMS messaging or WAP.
 * No SMTP Authentication is needed.

How Can I Download Pictures and Ringtones to My Phone?

 * Bluetooth : With a Bluetooth phone and a Bluetooth PC, Windows XP Bluetooth can be used to "push" files to the phone over Bluetooth wireless. Make sure phone Bluetooth is on and "paired" with PC, then right click file → Send To → Bluetooth device → receive and save file on phone. (Non-Microsoft Bluetooth drivers may work differently -- see the documentation.)

 * Cable (serial or USB) : With the phone connected by cable, special software on the PC can often be used to transfer files. See What Computer Software Can Be Used With My Phone?.
 * IrDA : Like Bluetooth (above), IrDA can be used to "push" files from a PC to a phone.
 * E-mail : Requires a phone with an email client that can save attachments and with a working email configuration. Attach a file in an appropriate format (e.g., JPEG image) to an email on a PC; send to an email address; retrieve email on the phone; and save attachment. (AT&T data charges apply.)
 * MMS : Use email-to-MMS (with an attachment), or a website that sends MMS messages. (AT&T messaging charges apply.)
 * WAP : See WAP Downloading and/or Hosting. (AT&T data charges apply.)

AT&T Coverage Maps

 * Voice/GPRS/EGPRS/EDGE (voice, low-to-medium speed data)
 * AT&T (formerly Cingular) Coverage Viewer (zoomable map with detailed coverage by location)
 * HSDPA (high-speed data)
 * Cities Supporting AT&T Wirelsss (formerly Cingular) 3G/Mobile Broadband

Roaming Coverage Maps

 * GSM Roaming (includes network information and coverage for AT&T)
 * A GSM phone will only work in the frequency bands it supports—be sure to check. 850 and 1900 bands are mostly confined to the USA and Canada; most other countries use 900 and 1800 bands.
 * Roaming charges apply when using a AT&T SIM outside of AT&T Nationwide coverage.
 * See International Calling for phone use outside of AT&T Nationwide coverage.

Tower Locations

 * Cell Phone Reception and Tower Search

Why does one phone get better signal than another?

 * While there are differences in ability to handle weak signal conditions between different phones, such differences are usually modest absent a defect in one of the phones. Substantial performance differences in a given location are thus much more likely to be due to different network programming of the SIMs than to differences in the phones.

 * For example, one phone might have a SIM "homed" on the old ATTWS (blue) network and the other phone might have a SIM homed on the old Cingular (orange) network. If both blue and orange signals are present in a given location, and if (say) the blue signal is good while the orange signal is poor, then the phone homed on blue might well exhibit better performance than the phone homed on orange. This is because a GSM phone will always prefer its home network to a non-home network even if the non-home network has a much better signal -- it will only roam on the non-home network if there isn't a "usable" home network signal.

 * Such a difference can even happen when both phones have orange SIMs because ENS (64K) SIMs can be homed by AT&T OTA (over the air) to either the orange network or the blue network. (See Does ENS make for better coverage and/or connections?) Thus to meaningfully compare two phones in a given location, the same SIM should be used to test each phone.

 * Another possible cause of performance differences is band support. AT&T uses both the 850 band and the 1900 band (depending on location), so a phone with support for both 850 and 1900 bands may well perform better in a given location than a phone with support for only the 1900 band.

What's the Difference Between 800 and 850 bands?

 * There is no difference between 800 and 850 bands -- they are the same frequencies between 800 and 900 Mhz. Since the term 800 had become associated with "TDMA", 850 was coined to distinguish GSM.

What Can I Do About Poor Coverage in My Area?

 * Call Customer Care (611) and ask to be transferred to Tech Support.
 * Click on http://support.cingular.com/, enter, and then click on report network issue in the contact us section. (Even though the site is only "intended for former AT&T Wireless customers", other Cingular customers can use the site by going through a 2nd login screen.)

Is the 800/850 Band Better Than 1900?

 * You may have heard that 800 or 850 band is "better" than the 1900 band because:
 * It travels farther. That's not true. What is true is that there can be a difference in range due to power:
 * Maximum power in the 800 band is 3 watts.
 * Maximum power in the 1900 band is 2 watts.

 * It may not be intuitively obvious, but that's only about 18% less range for 1900, or a maximum of about 20% more towers along a flat rural highway strip, or a maximum of 50% more towers in area coverage, and then only when range is limited only by maximum power, which is rarely the case in metro areas. Tower spacing is usually only near maximum in flat rural areas (and current small handsets don't come close to maximum power levels).

 * It penetrates buildings better. It's not that simple: While 1900 penetrates walls less well than 800/850, it does a better job of penetrating small openings (e.g., windows).  In general the penetration difference tends to be relatively small.
 * For a detailed technical assessment, see CS 294-7: Radio Propagation [Randy H. Katz, CS Division, University of California, Berkeley]

How Can I Improve My Signal Quality?

 * Change of Home Network : A GSM mobile device (e.g., phone) is "homed" to a particular network, and will only roam on a different network when there is no "usable" network signal, even when the roaming network signal is much better than the home network signal. Until AT&T completes the integration of the old Cingular (orange) network and the old AT&T Wireless Service (blue) network (expected in mid-to-late 2006), a given mobile device will be homed on one network or the other, and will thus prefer that network over the other network even when the other network has a better signal. In such cases, and given an ENS-capable mobile device and (64K orange) SIM, it may be possible to improve signal quality by:
 * Call AT&T Customer Care (611).
 * Ask to be transferred to Technical Support because you have poor signal quality.
 * Ask Technical Support to switch your home network (orange to blue, or blue to orange).
 * Notes:
 * ENS won't work with AT&T Wireless Service (blue) mobile devices (or SIMs).
 * Even with ENS, a mobile device still isn't able to automatically select the better network signal -- GSM roaming rules still apply.
 * AT&T started selling ENS-capable devices in late 2004.
 * It may take up to 24 hours for a home network switch to take place.
 * It may help to turn the phone off and back on.
 * While a switch in home network may improve signal quality in one area, it may degrade signal quality in a different area.

 * Better Phone : Phones differ in how well they perform with weaker signals (as in other things), and thus a different (better) phone might help in poor signal areas. In general, more expensive phones tend to have better signal handling than less expensive phones. Of the various brands, Nokia devices are generally well-regarded, although other major brands (e.g., Sony Ericsson, Motorola) also have better devices.
 * External Antenna : The small antenna in most mobile devices compromises performance for smaller size, and significantly-to-substantially better performance is generally possible with an external antenna (connected to the mobile device with a special cable). External antenna options include:
 * Vehicle antennas
 * Outdoor building antennas
 * Indoor antennas (e.g., ARC Freedom Antenna)

 * Active Repeater : Where there is a usable outdoor signal, an active repeater may provide improved indoor signal. An active repeater consists of (1) an outdoor antenna, connected by cable to (2) a two-way signal amplifier (usually located indoors), connected by cable to (3) an indoor antenna. Care must be taken to ensure that: (a) the system is properly designed for the correct technology (GSM) and bands (850 and/or 1900); (b) the indoor signal is sufficiently isolated from the outdoor signal; and (c) no interference otherwise results. The advantages over external antennas are no antenna connections needed to mobile devices and potentially greater performance; the disadvantages are complexity and cost of at least several hundred dollars. Sources include:
 * Signal Boosters : Stick-on "signal boosters" change the antenna performance of the phone in random ways depending on the model of phone and where exactly you stick it. Dozens of RF engineers at the phone manufacturer spend their careers optimizing antenna performance, so the change will generally be for the worse.  Since RF optimization involves hundreds of complex tradeoffs, it is possible that a stick-on booster will improve reception in one or two cases, while degrading it in many more cases.  Overall, signal boosters generally make your signal worse.

How Can I Send Messages to Cellular Phones by Computer?

 * '''Messaging Software
 * See Messaging Software

 * Websites
 * Carrier websites
 * Send to AT&T Mobility customers only
 * Other carriers also have websites that can be used to send messages to customers of those carriers.
 * Non-carrier websites include:
 * Google
 * Yahoo!
 * SMS.ac
 * Vazu

How Can I Send Messages to AT&T Mobility Phones by E-mail?

 * NUMBER@CingularME.com : Sends an SMS text message to the phone (no picture). Preferred SMS method.
 * NUMBER@txt.att.net : Sends an SMS text message to the phone (no picture). Use a Preferred SMS method instead.
 * NUMBER@mms.att.net : Sends a picture message to the phone, with the picture size reduced appropriately.
 * NUMBER@MyCingular.com : Sends email to Cingular email, picture delivered as sent, but can't be downloaded to the phone over WAP.

 * MEdia_ID@CingularME.com : Sends an SMS text message to the phone (no picture). Preferred SMS method.
 * MEdia_ID@Mobile.MyCingular.com : Does not work.
 * MEdia_ID@mms.att.net
 * MEdia_ID@MyCingular.com : Sends email to Cingular email, picture delivered as sent, but can't be downloaded to the phone over WAP.

What are messages from 36245?

 * 36245 (which spells "email" on a phone keypad) is the number of the AT&T Mobility GSM-standard email-to-SMS gateway. When email is addressed to NUMBER@Mobile.MyCingular.com, the gateway forwards to that NUMBER as SMS message(s).  The sender's email address is the first item in the message, followed by the subject (if any) in parentheses.  To Reply to the sender, you may have to change the message addressing (depending on your phone).  Use of the AT&T MEdia email-to-SMS gateway is preferred -- see What are messages from numbers like 1010100004?.

 * If the email-to-MMS gateway is used instead of the email-to-SMS gateway (by addressing email to NUMBER@mms.att.net), addressing (including replies from a phone) will be cleaner, and messages can be much longer, but MMS messages are more expensive than SMS messages.

What are messages from numbers like 1010100004?

 * This is a special gateway number generated by the AT&T MEdia email-to-SMS gateway. When email is addressed to NUMBER@CingularME.com or MEdia_ID@CingularME.com, the incoming gateway forwards to that NUMBER (or the NUMBER for that MEdia_ID) as SMS message(s), and that special gateway number is used to track the email address of the sender.  Reply to the sender is easy, because the phone will automatically reply to that special gateway number, which will cause the outgoing AT&T gateway to forward to the email address of the original sender. This is thus the preferred method of AT&T email-to-SMS messaging.

How Can I Send E-mail From Any AT&T Mobility Phone?

 * Phone E-mail client : Your cell phone may have an e-mail client that (properly configured) can send email directly. (See What's the Outgoing SMTP (E-mail) Server?) Wireless data charges apply.

 * MEdia Net (WAP) : Go to your MEdia Net Home page and choose one of the following ways to compose and send email. Wireless data charges apply.
 * Mail & Messaging : Links to MEdia Net Mail, Yahoo! Mail, MSN Hotmail, and AOL Mail. If you don't see Mail & Messaging on your MEdia Net Home page, you can use Customize MEdia Net → Edit Categories to select it for display, OR
 * More Categories → Mail & Messaging

 * SMS Text Messaging : AT&T operates an E-Mail to SMS Gateway that forwards SMS text messages to Internet e-mail. Message charges apply.
 * Automatically : Your cell phone may be smart enough to use the Gateway automatically when you send SMS text messages to an e-mail address rather than a numeric phone number, OR
 * Manually : Put the email address at the start of your message, separated by a space from the message, and send to the phone number 121.

How can messages be translated?

 * Go9990 (Commercial SMS translation service)
 * SMS Translator (Commercial SMS translation service)
 * PalmTran (Translator for Palm)
 * PocketTran (Translator for Pocket PC)
 * Ta with you (Commercial SMS Translator for any mobile phone)
 * tauyou.com mobile portal (Mobile internet translation portal)

What are Messaging Services?
Messaging Services provide ways to send, receive, and query (search for) information. Many such services are free, but messaging charges still apply.

 * Google
 * Blogger Mobile : http://www.blogger.com/mobile-start.g (post text or photos to a blog, free)
 * Google SMS : http://www.google.com/sms/ (free directories, directions, movies, weather, stocks, answers, prices, definitions, and more)

 * Yahoo!
 * 360° : http://mobile.yahoo.com/mblog (mobile blog)
 * Alerts : http://alerts.yahoo.com/
 * Contacts Back-up : http://mobile.yahoo.com/clife
 * Mail : http://mobile.yahoo.com/mobilemail
 * Messenger : http://mobile.yahoo.com/messenger
 * SMS Search : http://wap.oa.yahoo.com/raw?dp=page&pg=smss/smss_help (free directories, weather, stocks, definitions, horoscopes, area codes, ZIP codes, Wi-Fi hotspots, and more)

Is Cellular Spam Illegal?

 * Cellular spam is prohibited by the Telephone Consumer Protection Act of 1991 (TCPA).

 * From CAN-SPAM, Unwanted Text Messages and E-Mail on Wireless Phones and Other Mobile Devices:

 * Under the TCPA rules, a "call" includes text messaging if the messaging is sent to a telephone number rather than to an e-mail address.
 * Text messages to wireless devices
 * No one may use an automatic dialing machine to call your wireless phone number - including to send a text message to that telephone number - unless you have given prior express permission for the call or the call is made for an emergency purpose, i.e., the call is necessary in a situation that affects the health and safety of consumers. There is a limited exception allowing cell phone companies to contact their own subscribers.
 * If you have registered your cell phone number on the National Do-Not-Call Registry, no one may make a telephone solicitation to that telephone number, unless you have given prior express permission for the solicitation or have an established business relationship with the caller. If you tell a company not to call again - even if it has a business relationship with you - that company is prohibited from calling you with solicitations.
 * No one may use an automatic dialing machine to call your wireless phone number - including to send a text message to that telephone number - unless you have given prior express permission for the call or the call is made for an emergency purpose, i.e., the call is necessary in a situation that affects the health and safety of consumers. There is a limited exception allowing cell phone companies to contact their own subscribers.
 * If you have registered your cell phone number on the National Do-Not-Call Registry, no one may make a telephone solicitation to that telephone number, unless you have given prior express permission for the solicitation or have an established business relationship with the caller. If you tell a company not to call again - even if it has a business relationship with you - that company is prohibited from calling you with solicitations.

What Can I Do About Cellular Spam?

 * Marketing Messages from AT&T
 * Respond to the text message with the single word, "Stop." You should receive a response that says marketing messages will be discontinued within 10 days.

 * Your Carrier
 * Complain first to your carrier, and ask your carrier to contact the originating carrier. Make it clear that the spam is in violation of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (TCPA). In your complaint be as specific as possible about the spam: sender number, date and time of receipt by you, actual content, etc.
 * AT&T has a variety of filtering options available if you register and login to CingularME.com: (Unfortunately, the CingularME.com website has been disabled by AT&T -- see this AT&T Customer Forum thread.)
 * Limiting times when email-to-SMS messages are delivered
 * Limiting the number of SMS segments generated from a given email message
 * White and black listing
 * Blocking all SMS messages sent to you by email
 * Blocking all MMS messages sent to you by email
 * Blocking messages from the AT&T web site
 * Blocking messages sent to NUMBER@CingularME.com
 * Spam filtering with quarantine

 * The FCC - From CAN-SPAM, Unwanted Text Messages and E-Mail on Wireless Phones and Other Mobile Devices:

 * If you receive (1) an unwanted commercial message sent to a wireless device, or (2) a telephone solicitation made to a wireless device for which the phone number was registered on the National Do-Not-Call Registry, or (3) any autodialed text message on your cell phone or wireless device, you may file a complaint with the FCC. While the FCC cannot award monetary or other damages and does not settle individual consumer complaints against spammers and telemarketers, it can issue citations or impose fines against those violating the CAN-SPAM Act, the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, the National Do-Not-Call Registry, and the FCC's related rules.

 * Legal Action - In the event of a violation of the TCPA, individuals are entitled to collect damages directly from a solicitor for $500 to $1,500 or recover actual monetary loss, whichever is higher.

Technical Information

 * SMS FAQ

What is Push To Talk?

 * Also known as:
 * PTT
 * PoC (Push to talk over Cellular)
 * For information, see:
 * Push to talk (Wikipedia)
 * Push To Talk (AT&T)
 * The current market leader in PTT is the Nextel part of Sprint Nextel Corp.
 * To use AT&T PTT, both you and those you contact must have phones that support PTT.
 * Initial AT&T PTT phone selection is very limited.

Can I use my Phone as a Modem?

 * Most GSM phones can be used as "dial-up" (CSD) modems, and many can also be used as GPRS (packet data) modems. For this to work, your phone must be "tethered" (connected) to your computer by:
 * Bluetooth
 * Cable (serial or USB)
 * IrDA

What is the Difference Between CSD, GPRS/EGPRS(EDGE) and HSDPA?

 * CSD : Makes a dedicated data connection like a conventional wired modem. Speed (on AT&T) limited to 9600 bps. Charged like voice minutes (and is not Mobile to Mobile). Must be enabled by AT&T to work (which may require a $4/month data feature), and is only available to "orange" accounts (Cingular, not AT&T Wireless) and on the "orange" network.

 * A GSM phone has no real dialup modem, just a sort of virtual modem which makes a connection to a carrier's IWU (Inter Working Unit), located in some service center. The IWU has the actual modem that can make analog data calls over the PSTN (public switched telephone network). If the carrier doesn't provide an IWU, or if your account isn't provisioned for CSD (Circuit Switched Data), then a GSM phone cannot make data and/or fax calls. If your account is provisioned for CSD, then all you need is to install the phone as a modem with Windows Dial-Up Networking.

 * A regular analog dialup modem cannot be made to work over a GSM voice channel because of the digital audio data compression used in the GSM channel.

 * GPRS/EGPRS(EDGE) : Makes a packet data connection, sharing channel(s) with packets to/from other users, connecting and disconnecting on demand. Much faster and more efficient than CSD. Charged by the amount of data transferred, as (expensive) Pay-As-You-Go if you don't have a data package (MEdia or Data Connect).

 * HSDPA : See What is BroadbandConnect?

 * See also What data speeds are possible with AT&T (GSM)?

What is the difference between MEdia and Data Connect?

 * MEdia : Intended for use only on a cell phone. "Tethering" works, but is discouraged, and AT&T reserves the right to deny service based on usage. (See MEdia Legal Notices) Uses a WAP profile, but access to the entire Internet is available. VPN may not work. No Data Acceleration.
 * Data Connect : Intended for use with PDA or computer, depending on specific package. Uses an Internet profile. VPN is supported. Data Acceleration is optional.

What is Data Acceleration?

 * Data Acceleration, an optional feature available only on CSD and Data Connect (not MEdia Net) service, speeds Internet access primarily by compressing images. The tradeoff is lower image quality. See Wireless Data Throughput Orange Paper (Adobe PDF format). Data Acceleration is easily controlled if you use AT&T Communication Manager. If instead configuring manually, Data Acceleration is enabled or disabled with "DA" in login Userid as follows:
 * {| border="1" cellpadding="2"

! || Data Acceleration ON || Data Acceleration OFF
 * valign="top" | CSD || ISPDA@CINGULAR.COM (or legacy Userid WIDC0001@W4.MYCINGULAR.COM) || valign="top" | ISP@CINGULAR.COM
 * valign="top" | Data Connect || ISPDA@CINGULARGPRS.COM (or legacy Userid WIXDC001@W5.MYCINGULAR.COM) || valign="top" | ISP@CINGULARGPRS.COM
 * }
 * valign="top" | Data Connect || ISPDA@CINGULARGPRS.COM (or legacy Userid WIXDC001@W5.MYCINGULAR.COM) || valign="top" | ISP@CINGULARGPRS.COM
 * }

What is Tethering?

 * See:
 * Tethering (cellular wireless)
 * What is the difference between MEdia and Data Connect?

What is BroadbandConnect?

 * Information and Packages
 * Laptops (notebooks) with integrated BroadbandConnect
 * Dell Latitude
 * Lenovo (IBM) ThinkPad
 * Lenovo (IBM) website
 * Sony VAIO
 * Coverage Maps:
 * BroadbandConnect
 * EDGE(EGPRS)

How Do I Configure my Phone for Data?
Details of data settings for manual entry into a phone are given below, but it may be easier and simpler to use OTA (over the air) configuration by SMS messaging:

 * Motorola Phone set-up
 * Nokia USA Phone Settings
 * Sony Ericsson Configurator

See also:

 * AT&T Tutorials for many AT&T phones

CSD

 * {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"

! rowspan=2 | Settings Summary ! rowspan=2 | MEdia ! colspan=2 | Data Connect
 * align="center" | Acceleration ON
 * align="center" | Acceleration OFF
 * Phone Number
 * align="center" | 14152441012
 * colspan=2 align="center" | 18472549270
 * UserID* __@CINGULAR.COM (ex. WAP@CINGULAR.COM)
 * align="center" | WAP
 * align="center" | ISPDA
 * align="center" | ISP
 * Password*
 * colspan=3 align="center" | CINGULAR1
 * Data Call Type
 * colspan=3 align="center" | ISDN
 * Data Call Speed
 * colspan=3 align="center" | 9600
 * Home Page
 * device:home or device.home
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Session Mode
 * align="center" | Permanent
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Connection Security
 * align="center" | On
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Gateway IP Address
 * align="center" | 66.209.11.61
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Authentication Type
 * align="center" | Secure
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Login Type
 * align="center" | Automatic
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * colspan=4 | * Must be all UPPERCASE
 * }
 * align="center" | 66.209.11.61
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Authentication Type
 * align="center" | Secure
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Login Type
 * align="center" | Automatic
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * colspan=4 | * Must be all UPPERCASE
 * }
 * colspan=4 | * Must be all UPPERCASE
 * }
 * }

GPRS/EGPRS/EDGE

 * {| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0"

! rowspan=2 | Settings Summary ! rowspan=2 | MEdia ! colspan=2 | Data Connect
 * align="center" | Acceleration ON
 * align="center" | Acceleration OFF
 * Phone Number (for tethered device)
 * colspan=3 align="center" | *99#  (default profile)   or   *99***1#   (profile #1)   etc.
 * APN
 * align="center" | wap.cingular
 * colspan=2 align="center" | isp.cingular
 * UserID* __@CINGULARGPRS.COM (ex. WAP@CINGULARGPRS.COM)
 * align="center" | WAP
 * align="center" | ISPDA
 * align="center" | ISP
 * Password*
 * colspan=3 align="center" | CINGULAR1
 * Connect Type
 * colspan=3 align="center" | GPRS/Packet
 * IP Address
 * colspan=3 align="center" | Obtain Automatically
 * DNS Server
 * colspan=3 align="center" | Obtain Automatically
 * Home Page
 * device:home or device.home
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Session Mode
 * align="center" | Permanent
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Connection Security
 * align="center" | On
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * PDP_Type
 * align="center" | IP
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Gateway IP Address (WAP 1)
 * align="center" | 66.209.11.61
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Gateway IP Address (WAP 2)
 * align="center" | 66.209.11.32
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Authentication Type
 * align="center" | Secure
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Login Type
 * align="center" | Automatic
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * colspan=4 | * Must be all UPPERCASE
 * }
 * align="center" | 66.209.11.61
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Gateway IP Address (WAP 2)
 * align="center" | 66.209.11.32
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Authentication Type
 * align="center" | Secure
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * Login Type
 * align="center" | Automatic
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * colspan=4 | * Must be all UPPERCASE
 * }
 * colspan=2 style="background-color:silver" |
 * colspan=4 | * Must be all UPPERCASE
 * }
 * }

MEdia Setup

 * See MEdia Net Configuration.

Data Connect Setup

 * See Data Connect Configuration.

What is AT&T Communication Manager?

 * An AT&T software package that makes it easier to connect your computer to the Internet over AT&T Mobility. Available for free download.  Although standard Dial-Up Networking is all that's actually needed, AT&T Communication Manager includes drivers for mobile devices supported by Cingular, which can make it useful when you don't otherwise have the necessary driver.

What data speeds are possible with AT&T (GSM)?

 * CSD : Speed of 9.6 Kbps (9600 bps, or about 1K Bytes/sec). Available in most GSM areas, but being phased out.
 * GPRS : With a Class 10 device and good signal, typical download speeds of about 50 Kbps (about 6K Bytes/sec). Available in all GSM areas.
 * EGPRS(EDGE) : With a Class 10 device and good signal, typical download speeds of about 150 Kbps (about 18.5K Bytes/sec). Latency (as measured by ping) of about 300 ms. Widely available. Backward compatible to GPRS.
 * UMTS : Typical download speeds of 200-320 Kbps (or about 2x EGPRS). Available in 6 markets as of 4Q 2005. Most (but not all; e.g., Novatel U520) devices are backward compatible to EGPRS and GPRS.
 * HSDPA (BroadbandConnect) : Typical speeds are expected to be 400-700 Kbps (or about 4x EGPRS). Latency (as measured by ping) expected to be about 150 ms (or about 1/2 EGPRS). Launched in 16 markets in December 2005. Backward compatible to UMTS, EGPRS and GPRS.

Why is my GPRS, EDGE, UMTS, or HSDPA so slow?

 * Poor Signal : Good signal (typically at least 3 bars) is needed for best performance.

 * Mobile Device Capabilities : Handsets (and PC Cards) do not all have the same data performance, which is determined in part by GPRS/EGPRS(EDGE) Multislot Class. In general, as of this writing, all reasonably current GPRS/EGRPS(EDGE)-capable devices from Ericsson and Sony Ericsson support Class 8 (4+1) and Class 10 (4+2, max of 5), whereas most Nokia devices are limited to slower Class 2 (2+1), Class 4 (3+1), and Class 6 (3+2, max 4). Motorola has both Class 4 and Class 8 devices. (The first number is the max downlink slots, and the number after the "+" is the max uplink slots.) This can translate into a substantial difference in throughput if supported by the carrier:
 * Class 4 & 6 : 50% faster on downlink than Class 2.
 * Class 8 & 10 : 100% faster on downlink than Class 2. 33% faster on downlink than Class 4 & 6.
 * Class 10 : 100% faster on uplink than Class 2, 4 & 8.

 * Serial Port Bottleneck : Connections between handsets and "tethered" devices (e.g., notebook computer, PDA) are typically implemented as a serial port, either real or virtual, and port speed usually defaults to 115 Kbps. (A Bluetooth stack implemented as a virtual serial port may go as fast as 921 Kbps, but will run at only 115 Kbps by default.) While 115 Kbps is generally fast enough for GPRS, it can be a bottleneck for EGPRS(EDGE) and UMTS/HSDPA. Recommended minimum port speeds:
 * GPRS: 230 Kbps
 * EGPRS(EDGE): 460 Kbps
 * UMTS/HSDPA: 920 Kbps

How To Set the Port Speed in Windows XP?

 * Connections between handsets and "tethered" devices (e.g., notebook computer, PDA) are typically implemented as a serial port, either real or virtual. To set the port speed in Windows XP:
 * Open Control Panel → Network Connections
 * Right-click on the cellular connection, and choose Properties
 * In Properties-General, select checked cellular modem, and click Configure
 * In Modem Configuration, select desired Maximum Speed. Recommended port speeds:
 * GPRS: 230000 (or higher)
 * EGPRS(EDGE): 460000 (or higher)
 * UMTS/HSDPA: 920000 (or higher)
 * Click OK to close all windows.

How Can I Send a Fax From My Cell Phone?

 * Since AT&T has apparently phased out facsimile (fax) service over CSD, the most straightforward way of sending a fax from a AT&T phone is to use an E-mail to Fax Service.
 * See How Can I Send E-mail From Any AT&T Mobility Phone? by:
 * Phone E-mail client (Data charges apply.)
 * MEdia Net e-mail (WAP) (Data charges apply.)
 * SMS text messaging (Messaging charges apply.)
 * E-Mail to Fax Services
 * eFax (free incoming fax)
 * Fax1 (low-cost outgoing fax)
 * Receiving faxes is much harder than sending them, since most Internet fax services e-mail incoming faxes as attachments in formats that most current cellular phones can't display. It's sometimes possible to view them on an e-mail website (e.g., Google Mail) with a WAP or Web browser (e.g., Opera Mini), but that's very painful on a small screen.

Remote Access

 * Avvenu : Free service that allows you to access files on your home or office PC from a mobile device

Wallpaper Conversion

 * Hellaphone Wallpaper Maker : Free online tool to turn images into cell phone wallpaper

WAP Downloading and/or Hosting

 * WAP hosting services allow you to upload and/or download content (audio, image and/or video) from/to WAP-enabled phones. Some of these sites also provide conversion services to audio, image, and/or video formats supported by phones. This can be a good way to transfer content from your computer to your phone. Free (except for AT&T data charges, which can be substantial depending on your plan) sites include:

 * CellPhoto.Net : WAP file hosting for pictures ringtones and java games/apps easy install
 * Mobango : Upload, manage, convert, download, files and apps.
 * mobcrop dot com : Upload and make wallpapers and logos; download via WAP to phone, or to your PC.
 * mobstorage.com : Upload images, videos, ringtones, music, wallpapers, themes and documents; download to your phone via WAP.
 * MyWapLink : Free WAP hosting
 * peperonity.com : Free WAP hosting
 * PhoneImage : Wallpapers and photo storage.
 * Pix2Fone : Lets you make custom cell phone wallpapers, backgrounds and logos.
 * tagtag.com : WAP hosting, pictures and games.
 * WapDj : WAP hosting to put your files on your phone, ringtones, music, screen savers, wallpapers, themes, videos.

Management
Upload & download files; syncing of address book and/or calendar; modify and/or backup phone configuration; dialing; etc.

 * General purpose : Check to see if your particular phone and type of computer (e.g., PC, Mac, Linux) are supported.

 * BVRP mobile PhoneTools
 * MOBILedit!

 * Brand specific : Special software for your brand and model of phone may be available from the manufacturer of the phone and/or from independent sources.

Ringtones

 * Anvil Studio MIDI editor (free)
 * Audacity Sound editor (free, cross-platform)
 * Polyphonic Wizard Create and edit polyphonic ringtones (commercial)

Images

 * GIMP Image editor (free, cross-platform)

Messaging Software

 * Google Send to Phone: Firefox extension to send SMS messages of web page content to a mobile phone; e.g., a phone number, an address, or directions
 * Microsoft SMS Sender (uses your phone)
 * MobiMarketing (uses the Internet)
 * freeSMS (free)
 * MobiSMS for Outlook (commercial)

What Are Some Useful WAP Resources?
Enter these WAP sites URLs directly into the WAP browser in your mobile device (e.g., cell phone), or send them to your mobile device by SMS.
 * Multipurpose
 * AOL Portal : http://mobile.aol.com/portal/main.php (Search, AOL Mail, News, Weather, Sports, Entertainment, Yellow Pages)
 * Google Mobile : http://mobile.google.com/
 * Personalized Google Mobile : http://mobile.google.com/personalized/
 * MSN Mobile : http://mobile.msn.com/ (Hotmail, Messenger, Mobile Web, Alerts)
 * Mobile portal : http://www.hooqs.com/  (Music and video channels)
 * Yahoo! : http://wap.oa.yahoo.com

 * Search
 * Google : http://www.google.com (Web demo at http://www.google.com/xhtml)
 * Y! Search : http://wap.oa.yahoo.com/raw?dp=yms

 * Directories
 * 4INFO : http://www.4info.net/ (Mobile Web, Web Search, Alerts)
 * Infospace Mobile : http://phone.infospace.com/phone.att/index_find.hdml (Driving directions, yellow pages, and other services)
 * SuperPages : http://wap.superpages.com (directories)
 * YP.com : http://m.yp.com/ (Yellow Pages, Yellow Pages Reverse Look-up, White Pages, Reverse Phone Look-up, Reverse Address Look-up, Neighbor Look-up, Maps and Driving Directions)

 * Movies
 * Hollywood.com : http://wap.hollywood.com

 * News
 * BBC News : http://news.bbc.co.uk/mobile/bbc_news

 * Shipping
 * FedEx : http://mobile.fedex.com

 * Shopping
 * eBay : http://mmm.ebay.com/ (auctions)
 * Froogle : http://wml.froogle.com/ (search for product prices)

 * Travel
 * eSkyGuide : http://sg2go.com/ (flight schedules)
 * MapQuest for Small Screens : http://wap.mapquest.com (places/directions/maps)
 * Sabre Mobile : http://sabremobile.com/wasapi/docs/vt.jsp (air travel)
 * Synfonic : http://www.synfonic.com/ (Directions)
 * Y! Directions : http://wap.oa.yahoo.com/raw?dp=dd

 * Weather
 * AccuWeather : http://wireless.accuweather.com/
 * National Weather Service : http://mobile.srh.noaa.gov/
 * Weather Underground : http://phone.wunderground.com:99

For mobile devices with J2ME (Java Mobile Edition)

 * AmAze : http://www.amazegps.com/ (free GPS mapping)
 * Google Maps for Mobile : http://google.com/gmm Amazing!
 * Google Mail (Gmail) Mobile : http://gmail.com/app Excellent!
 * Opera Mini : http://mini.opera.com/ (full Web browser) Excellent!
 * Notepad : http://www.getjar.com/products/510/Notepad
 * Calc: An RPN scientific calculator with plotting, macros, financial, statistics, more... : http://midp-calc.sourceforge.net/Calc.html

J2ME Download Sites

 * GetJar.com
 * midlet.org

Mobile Games

 * CoolMobileGames
 * DADAmobile
 * Gameloft
 * Glu Mobile
 * I-play
 * JAMDAT
 * play-mobile-games.com
 * Yahoo! Mobile
 * Zinghy

 * See also:

 * GameSpot Mobile

What is the International Calling Format?
When called from a GSM cellular phone, an international phone number (e.g., +330142961202 [the American Consulate in Paris]) consists of:
 * 1) International Access Code:  +  (not 00 or 011 as with landline calls)
 * 2) Country Code (2 or 3 digits; e.g., 33 for France) Note: The Country Code for the USA is 1 the same as the area code prefix. Thus:
 * 3) * +18005551234 is an international format number located in the USA that can be dialed from anywhere in the world (even within the USA, without incurring any extra cost).
 * 4) * 18005551234 is a USA format number with Area Code Prefix and Area Code that can only be dialed within the USA. Note that the Area Code Prefix is not needed when calling USA format numbers with AT&T (e.g., 8005551234 works as well as 18005551234).
 * 5) Number (including any Area Code; e.g., 0142961202 [the American Consulate in Paris])

What Are Country Codes?

 * See List of country calling codes.

How Do I Call Other Countries From the USA?

 * International Calling is disabled on AT&T accounts by default (presumably to protect against inadvertant charges). To activate it, call Customer Care (611).

In Which Countries Can I Use My GSM phone?

 * AT&T Travel Guide
 * GSM Coverage Maps and Roaming Information

How Do I Use My AT&T Mobility Phone in Other Countries?

 * International Roaming is disabled on AT&T accounts by default (presumably to protect against inadvertant charges). To activate it, call Customer Care (611 inside the USA; +19168434685 outside the USA).

 * For your AT&T Mobility GSM phone to work in countries other than the USA you will need a multi-band "world" phone:
 * GSM bands used in the USA are 850 and 1900.
 * GSM bands used outside of the USA are 900 and 1800.
 * The best option for use in and out of the USA is a quad-band (850/900/1800/1900) phone.

 * Be warned that the convenience of International Roaming comes at a price: International Roaming Calls are much more expensive than calls made on local carriers. For more than just an occasional call it's generally much less expensive to use a local prepaid SIM. To do that you need to have your phone "unlocked" -- see What is locking?

 * To be reached at your own AT&T Mobility cellular number when using a local prepaid SIM overseas, change your AT&T Mobility voicemail greeting to give out the phone number (including country code) of your overseas prepaid SIM, which can be used for low-cost SMS text messaging as well as for voice

 * When calling from outside of the USA, note that:
 * USA toll-free numbers cannot be reached from outside of the USA.
 * AT&T Customer Service cannot be dialed as 611 from outside of the USA. Instead, dial +1 916 843 4685.

International Data Roaming

 * AT&T GlobalConnect offers two international wireless data usage plans, both of which include unlimited data usage on AT&T' domestic data networks (pricing as of announcement date):
 * North American plan ($110/month for 100 MB) for Canada and Mexico
 * Overseas plan ($140/month for 100 MB)

Be very careful—many travelers have experienced phantom data roaming charges totaling $3000 or more.

What's the Best Way to Call Back to the USA from Other Countries?

 * Use an international callback or return-call service -- see "International calling" in Callback (telecommunications). Such services include:
 * Kallback
 * Telestial Return Call Service
 * OneSuite.com

 * Note that USA toll-free numbers cannot be called from outside of the USA

How can I use an Apple Macintosh with AT&T Mobility devices?

 * Ross Barkman's Mobile Phone Scripts
 * Sony Ericsson PC Card Modem Script
 * For Sony Ericsson PC Card GC75, GC75e, GC82, GC83 and GC85
 * Step by step guide for CSD, HSCSD, GPRS and EDGE connections
 * GPRS Script Generator
 * Mobile High Speed
 * 2G Set up a GPRS or HSCSD High Speed Internet connection with your mobile phone or modem in seconds
 * 3G Set up a 3G/UMTS, EDGE or GPRS High Speed Internet connection with your mobile phone or modem in seconds
 * HowTo: Motorola Linux Smartphones, Mac OS X and Cingular GPRS
 * GSM Remote Transfer contacts from your computer or from another phone
 * Apple iTunes Phone Driver
 * SMS Widget
 * Salling Clicker Remotely control a wide range of applications with your mobile phone or handheld computer

What's that Buzzing in my Speakers?

 * GSM radio transmissions, particularly control signals (e.g., periodic mobile device registration, SMS message transmission), can induce audible interference (buzzing) in nearby speakers. (Hearing aids can also be affected.) The general issue of radio frequency interference (RFI) is exacerbated by the short pulsing nature of these time division multiplexed transmissions. The most straightforward solution is to separate the mobile device (e.g., cell phone) from the speakers; otherwise, shielded speakers and/or shielded speaker wiring may help. See the Ask Slashdot article How to Avoid Mobile Phone Interference w/ Speakers.

How Can a Billing or Contract Problem be Resolved?

 * AT&T : First do everything you can to resolve the matter with AT&T:

 * Carefully document your position. Be sure to have copies of your Service Agreement, any relevant bills, etc.
 * Be specific and be fair and reasonable in what you are asking for. Asking for more than that will tend to be counterproductive.
 * Be persistent, but always polite -- getting upset or even abusive will only be counterproductive.
 * If it's a network or coverage problem, call Customer Care (611), and ask to be transferred to Technical Support. (Standard Customer Care personnel can't really handle such problems.)  Be reasonable, and give AT&T a reasonable period of time to correct any problem.
 * Call Customer Care (611), and ask to be transferred to Escalations. (Standard Customer Care personnel have very little authority.)  Be persistent, calling back if necessary.
 * If that doesn't work, ask to be put in contact with the Office of the President (actually the highest level of dispute resolution). Don't start there -- it's a last resort, and you'll be taken more seriously if you've done everything you can to work it out through normal channels. Again, be persistent, calling back if necessary.  If you can't get through that way, try these reported contact points:
 * AT&T Mobility Office Of The President5565 Glenridge Connector, Atlanta, GA 30349877-707-6220 (disconnected)
 * AT&T Mobility Office Of The President 1910 Customer Care Way, Atwater, CA 95301 866-894-2464 (disconnected)
 * AT&T Mobility Office of the President 2221 N. University, Lubbock, TX 79415
 * 800-947-5096 (disconnected)
 * 877-734-0766 (disconnected)
 * [mailto:resospecialist@yahoo.com Email resospecialist@yahoo.com]

 * Complaints : If you fail to resolve the matter with AT&T, complaints may be effective:

 * How to Complain about Cell Phone Service (Consumers Union)
 * Better Business Bureau (BBB) May be effective.
 * Consumer Help Line of a local radio or TV station
 * Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Wireless carriers are required to respond to complaints filed with the FCC.
 * Federal Trade Commission (FTC) While the FTC doesn't resolve individual complaints, accumulated complaints can result in enforcement action

How does AT&T Mobility do E911 positioning?

 * AT&T is doing E911 location by means of TruePosition U-TDOA, which works with any GSM mobile device. Claimed accuracy is under 50 meters.  See:

 * U-TDOA (definition)
 * U-TDOA Formally Standardized by 3GPP
 * Cingular's E-911 Aim Is TruePosition

What is the Internet newsgroup for AT&T Mobility?

 * [news:alt.cellular.cingular alt.cellular.cingular] : The Internet newsgroup originally created for Cingular Wireless, now AT&T Mobility. Articles with a good deal of useful information (along with a significant amount of noise) are posted to this newsgroup, which can also be used to post your own questions and comments. (Before posting, please be sure to check that the information you need hasn't been posted previously.) To access the newsgroup, use:
 * Google Groups : Allows you to browse, post, and search using Google's powerful search engine.
 * Newsreader on your own computer : You can use software like Outlook Express or Mozilla Thunderbird, configured to access a news server at your Internet Service Provider (ISP) or at a news provider, to access [news:alt.cellular.cingular alt.cellular.cingular].

Charter of alt.cellular.cingular

This newsgroup is for discussion of topics directly related to AT&T Mobility service, including voice, data (GPRS as well as GSM), and fax. Non-commercial For Sale and Want To Buy notices for compatible products, tagged in the subject line with "FS" and "WTB" respectively (without the quote symbols), are permitted. All articles must be in plain text only, in the English language, and human-readable.

Inappropriate (banned) articles:
 * Off-topic (not directly related to AT&T Mobility service)
 * Binaries (except for appended text-encoded digital signatures)
 * Spam (including excessive cross-posting)
 * Make-money-fast or other chain or fraudulent schemes
 * Work-at-home or other scams
 * Commercial advertisements, "infomercials", or announcements
 * Auction notices (e.g., eBay)
 * Forged articles (anonymous articles are allowed)
 * Personal insults or repetitive flaming (attacks)
 * Employment (help and/or position wanted) notices

MODERATOR INFO:

The group is unmoderated.

Wikipedia

 * List of North American area codes

AT&T Mobility on the Web

 * AT&T Mobility (AT&T Mobility Web site)
 * AT&T Mobility Support (Technical Support)
 * My AT&T Mobility (manage your account)
 * AT&T Mobility Direct Bill (find any companies that are billing services to your AT&T Mobility phone bill.)

Phone Reviews on the Web

 * CNET
 * Mobile Burn
 * Mobiledia
 * Phone Scoop

 * Phoneyworld.com
 * Phonerev.com

Other Information on the Web

 * GSM Info
 * Overview of the Global System for Mobile Communications [John Scourias, University of Waterloo]
 * Cell Phone Enthusiasts Wiki
 * Help for Cingular by John Navas

title: AT&T Mobility FAQ


text:
Talk:AT&T Mobility FAQ

Creation
All of this material, which was originally posted to alt.cingular.wireless, and copied from there to other places, was created by me. I started the page before I had created an account here. --John Navas 08:31, 16 November 2005 (UTC)

Anon edits on Cingular FAQ
Hey

Probably wondering who this person doing anon edits on your FAQ for Cingular is; well it's me. Just some background, I work in the Cingular data support center, and work with both "blue" and "orange" customers.

Cheers

--24.19.197.36 00:13, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Thank you. --John Navas 21:05, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

What data speeds are possible with Cingular (GSM)?
Re this area, where you state that HSDPA is backwards compatable to UMTS, EDGE and GPRS this is not true. The device drives this, not just the service. The Blue Novatel U520 UMTS card is NOT backwards compatable with EDGE, and GPRS, but from what I have seen all of our new HSDPA/UMTS devices will be backwards compatable. --Admrboltz 22:17, 5 December 2005 (UTC)

 * You are correct -- the brain-damaged Novatel U520 isn't backwards compatible. I'll correct the FAQ. --John Navas 07:46, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

ISPDA@CINGULARGPRS.COM
For Cingular HSDPA data service, what's the username and password for dialing-up to the Internet? the same as GPRS/GSM services? Thank you! --Rae

This is the CSD user name, not the accelerated profile user name. Acceleration at hardware level is built into isp.cingular. --Admrboltz 05:02, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * With all due respect, GPRS is, well, GPRS (not CSD), and as per documentation from Cingular devCentral -- "Device and Software Settings Wireless Internet, Wireless Internet Express, & Data Connect (WAP and ISP)", no longer available, and "Wireless Data Throughput Orange Paper" -- Data Acceleration is implemented in software, not hardware, and can be turned ON or OFF by the UserID, as explained in the FAQ. If you have (hard) evidence to the contrary, please provide it. --John Navas 07:46, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * "Cingular Wireless has added wireless data acceleration / compression servers to its core IP network to provice higher apparent throughput for its Data Connect subscribers." page 4 of the above PDF document. Per Cingular Wireless data base id KB42054 (which I can email you), shows ISPDA for CSD. ALL documentation for Data Connect via cell or aircard, states ISP@CINGULARGPRS.COM --Admrboltz 22:46, 6 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Hopefully the following information, drawn in part from Cingular "Device and Software Settings, Wireless Internet, Wireless Internet Express, & Data Connect (WAP and ISP)" [REVISION 2.2, Solutions Engineering, Technology and Product Realization, 5/24/2004 11:37 AM] will clear things up:
 * CSD (GSM dialup) and Data Connect (packet data; e.g., GPRS) are two different things, as explained in the FAQ.
 * Data Acceleration (e.g., additional image compression) is implemented in software running on Cingular servers. There is no acceleration in hardware alone.
 * Data Acceleration is available for CSD as well as for Data Connect. I am adding this to the FAQ. It is not available for MEdia Net (packet data different from Data Connect).
 * You are confusing the Userid for Data Connect (GPRS) with CSD. They are not the same.
 * Data Acceleration is enabled or disabled with "DA" in login Userid as follows:
 * {| border="1" cellpadding="2"

! || Data Acceleration ON || Data Acceleration OFF
 * valign="top" | CSD || ISPDA@CINGULAR.COM (or legacy Userid WIDC0001@W4.MYCINGULAR.COM) || valign="top" | ISP@CINGULAR.COM
 * valign="top" | Data Connect || ISPDA@CINGULARGPRS.COM (or legacy Userid WIXDC001@W5.MYCINGULAR.COM) || valign="top" | ISP@CINGULARGPRS.COM
 * }
 * --John Navas 23:00, 24 December 2005 (UTC)
 * }
 * --John Navas 23:00, 24 December 2005 (UTC)

Speaker Interference
Please address the annoying noises that Cingular phones create on speakers when they are too close during time updates and right before ringing. I would like to know more about why there is such interference, and if there is any simple way to dampen/shield it without weakening the phone-tower signal strength. --Adam Katz 18:42, 08 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I will add this to the FAQ. Thanks for the suggestion. --John Navas 23:19, 24 December 2005 (UTC)
 * See also the Ask Slashdot article How to Avoid Mobile Phone Interference w/ Speakers --Adam Katz 00:06, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

Firewall
Data point: I believe about six months ago Cingular started blocking at least some outgoing tcp/80 when using CSD. tcp/22 still works though. Haven't tested other ports, but I believe that on one occasion I successfully used a HTTP proxy in Blazer to get around the firewall. I suppose it would also be possible to set up one's own VPN to get around it. Also, I don't know if it works this way for everyone else, but on my $29.99/mo. plan, CSD use during peak hours is $0.40/min. in addition to using one's voice minutes. Non-peak uses up only voice minutes. —Fleminra 00:01, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * Actually it looks like the issue is either intermittent poor performance, or possibly address-based filtering (not port-based). Around 10:30pm (weekday) it appeared that google.com, yahoo.com, and wikipedia.org were blocked, but other, lower-profile sites were not blocked.  As of 2am (weekday), only google.com isn't working.  —67.188.126.213 10:02, 1 March 2006 (UTC)
 * I've seen no real evidence of port blocking or site blocking on CSD. I suspect these were just normal Internet problems.
 * If you check carefully, I think you'll find that you got/get charged $0.40/min for CSD only as overtime; i.e., when you've exhausted your Anytime minutes.
 * --John Navas 04:49, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Cingular Misinformation by John Navas
John, I always wondered who was steering people in wacky unconfirmed directions with Cingular. First of all, if you have a tech problem with Cingular, a Customer Service Rep also known as Tier 1 can not send you through to Tech also known as Tier 2. In most cases Tier 2 doesn't talk to customers. Secondly Tier 1 has the outmost power to resolve most things without escalating. In fact Tier 1 rep's have extensive training in how to resolve most all types of issues ie: billing & technical. What outdated source information have you obtained in the past that led you to believe that these statements are true? 4/4/2006

 * Rebuttal by John Navas: This information in the FAQ is based on extensive personal experience as a customer, reports from other customers, and confidential reports from Cingular employees. I would nonetheless be happy to revise it given persuasive evidence to the contrary. With regard to your specifics:
 * I have been transferred to Tech Support by Tier 1 reps on several occasions, when particular technical problems couldn't be solved by Tier 1.
 * I have been told many times about the limits of financial authority at Tier 1.
 * Poor training of Tier 1 reps has been apparent on several (but by no means all) occasions.

 * Finally, your complaints don't belong on my User page, which is why I moved them here. In the future, either post to my Talk (discussion) page, or to the Talk (discussion) page for the document at issue. --John Navas 04:41, 19 May 2006 (UTC)

Tethering
Folks, hope someone can add something to the page about tethering, and the best options.

I'm currently a Data connect subscriber, and just use the feature to download email and hit some FTP sites. If its true that the MEdia Net feature will also allow tethering, such as through Bluetooth -- then I and perhaps many more are paying for more than we need with Data Connect.

Using a new phone now - a Nokia 6682, which allegedly is a class 10 gprs/edge phone. Don't know about HSPD.

 * "Tethering" does work on MEdia Net by means of any connection type supported by the mobile device (e.g., cable, IrDA, Bluetooth). It also works with a SIM swapped into a PC Card. --John Navas 07:32, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * OK - is there any performance difference between the two? Currently, Unlimited MEdia Net is priced lower than Data Connect, so it's hard to see what advantages there are for Data Connect. Or am I missing something? - Miratonyn

 * See What is the difference between MEdia and Data Connect? --John Navas 16:29, 13 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Interesting. Have you heard of any reports of Cingular actually kicking people off MEdia Net who routinely tether?

 * In a word: no. Just conjecture. --John Navas 03:35, 17 June 2006 (UTC)

 * Some FYI on this... Yesterday I called Cingular, got a "Tier 1" and, as a new customer, got some help setting up simple POP mail retrieval on a Pocket PC.  She was very helpful, and when I asked about tethering options beyond what I had tried myself with the basic Windows Dial-up Wizard -- I have an unlimited PDA Connect account, but not Laptop Connect -- she said while it should work fine, I should watch my charges posted.  She said that the tech people were gearing up to start "sniffing data packets", as according to her PC packets are differentiable from PDA packets... (really, even when via the tether?)  ...And, when they're ready, the general "per KB" charges or some such would apply.  I.e., not kick you off, but just silently stick it to you.  HTH...
 * --Rich D 02:20, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

 * As I read the Terms and Conditions, you should be able to have any sudden switch to Pay As You Go data charges capped at the most favorable package for which you qualify, laptop connect (currently $60/month), although this might take serious persistence, escalation and/or complaint. --John Navas 05:32, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Data Plans
I am confused with the roaming charges on the North America and Global Data plans. Do they even exist? In any case this should be covered in the book Klingoncowboy4 18:26, 5 January 2007 (UTC)
 * See new section International Data Roaming. --John Navas 22:12, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:AT&T Mobility FAQ