text:
Metabolomics/Contributors

Back to Previous Chapter: Applications Go to First Chapter: Introduction to Metabolomics

 * 1) Tung Luong  Guiltyblade (talk)
 * 2) Katie Grimshaw
 * 3) Sophia Lafergola  DieselSandwich (talk)
 * 4) Kevin King
 * 5) Lindsay Littman

title: Metabolomics/Contributors


text: Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Risk Strategy

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Online KDS Documentation


text:
Aramaic/Alphabet

This book isn't finished!

The Aramaic alphabet is an abjad alphabet designed for writing the Aramaic language. As with other abjads, the letters all represent consonants; a few matres lectionis are consonants that also represent long vowels.

The earliest inscriptions in the Aramaic language use the Phoenician alphabet. In time, the alphabet developed into the form shown below. The use of Aramaic as a lingua franca throughout the Middle East from the 8th century BCE led to the gradual adoption of the Aramaic alphabet for writing Hebrew. Formerly, Hebrew had been written using an alphabet closer in form to that of Phoenician (the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet).

The Hebrew and Nabataean alphabets are little changed in style from the Aramaic alphabet. The development of cursive versions of Aramaic led to the creation of the Syriac, Palmyrenean and Mandaic alphabets. These scripts formed the basis of the Arabic, Sogdian, Orkhon and Mongolian alphabets. Controversially, it is claimed that the Aramaic alphabet may be the forebear of the Indic alphabets.

Today, Biblical Aramaic, Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialects and the Aramaic language of the Talmud are written in the Hebrew alphabet. Syriac and Christian Neo-Aramaic dialects are written in the Syriac alphabet. Mandaic is written in the Mandaic alphabet.

Imperial Aramaic alphabet
Redrawn from A Grammar of Biblical Aramaic, Franz Rosenthal; forms are as used in Egypt, 5th century BCE. Names are as in Biblical Aramaic.

קישורים חיצוניים

 * The imagination between the Aramaic alphabet to the alphabet in another languages
 *

title: Aramaic/Alphabet


text:
User talk:Navy~enwikibooks

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 19:21, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Navy. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Navy~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:32, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:17, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Navy~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:166.102.136.111

You have been warned
Blocked again -- Herby talk thyme 14:58, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:166.102.136.111


text:
User talk:41.209.103.145

Join Us!
-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 20:06, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:41.209.103.145


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Aparecium

Overview
This spell is used to make hidden objects, notably paint, appear.

Extended Description
This was first seen being used by Hermione to reveal the contents of Tom Riddle's diary in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.


text: User talk:76.23.236.85

title: User talk:76.23.236.85


text:
Communication Networks/History of Networking

Timeline
The cellular concept of space-divided networks was first developed in AT&T in the 1940's and 1950's. AMPS, an analog frequency division multiplexing network was first implemented in Chicago in 1983, and was completely saturated with users the next year. The FCC, in response to overwhelming user demand, increased the available cellular bandwidth from 40Mhz to 50Mhz.

The second generation (see below) started in the early 1990's with the advent of the Digital European Cordless Telephone (DECT) system, and the Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). Data networks were also developed such as HiperLAN and the IEEE 802.11 working group, which produced the 802.11 legacy standard in 1997. The 802.11a and 802.11b revisions were standardized in October 1999.

The third generation started with the CDMA2000 standard in Korea, and UMTS in Europe and FOMA in Japan. The IEEE 802.16 WiMAX specification was approved in December 2001.

Wireless Generations
It is often instructive to break the history of wireless networking up into several specific generations.

First Generation (1G)
The 1G wireless generation comprised of mainly analog signals for carrying voice and music. These were one directional broadcast systems such as Television broadcast, AM/FM radio, and similar communications.

Second Generation (2G)
2G introduced concepts such as TDMA and CDMA for allowing bi-directional communications among nodes in large networks. 2G is when some of the first cellular phones were made available, although communications were restricted to very low bit-rates.

The second generation is frequently divided into sub-sets as well. "2.5G" represented a significant increase in throughput capacity as digital communications techniques became more refined. "2.75G" is another common pseudo-generation that saw an additional increase in speed and capacity among digital wireless networks.

Third Generation (3G)
3G represents the combination of voice traffic with data traffic, and the advent of high-bandwidth mobile devices such as PDAs and smartphones. Spectrum Band Freq. varies depending on the mobile technology standard adopted in the system. Current HSDPA deployments support down-link speeds of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.0 megabit/s and the HSPA family with up-link speeds up to 5.76 Mbit/s.

Fourth Generation (4G)
4G is the current generation wireless network and is characterized by the ubiquity of broadband data connections and universal Internet access. Many of these networks are being designed around the WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) specification. 4G has created a paradigm shift in viewing voice as data, with technologies like Voice over LTE (VoLTE) trying to replace the traditional 1G and 2G voice networks. 4G LTE offered higher bandwidth than home Wi-Fi networks reaching speeds up to 20 Mbps. LTE Advanced also known as 3GPP has a peak upload speed of 500 Mbps and download speed of 1000 Mbps.

Fifth Generation (5G)
The next generation of wireless networks, currently under development.


text:
Communication Systems/Fading Channels

Over large distances, signal quality degrades even without the presence of large quantities of AWGN. This degradation is known as fading, and channels that exhibit these properties are known as fading channels.

What Causes Fading
Fading can be caused due to natural weather disturbances, such as rainfall, snow, fog, hail and extremely cold air over a warm earth. Fading can also be created by man made disturbances, such as irrigation, or from multiple transmission paths, irregular earth surfaces, and varying terrains.

Large-Scale Fading
Fading generally is a signal loss either in amplitude or phase due to sudden changes in Channel response. Large scale fading " Shadowing" concerns about large distances effect so, its affect appears clearly in case of the a moving vehicle where the signal is influenced by Multipath phenomena where the transmitted signal is received from more than one path.

Small-Scale Fading
Small scale fading is concerned about very small changes in the position of Transmitter or receiver in order of the wavelength as this affect greatly the received frequency due to doppler effect so as the speed of the vehicle increases as the frequency is more rapidly changing and it can be described as fast or slow fading AND flat or slow fading.

Flat Fading
In flat fading, the coherence bandwidth of the channel is larger than the bandwidth of the signal. Therefore, all frequency components of the signal will experience the same magnitude of fading. a signal undergoes flat fading if: Bs << Bc

Fast Fading
Fast fading occurs when coherent time of the channel is small relative to the delay constraint of the channel. Amplitude and phase changes imposed by the channel varies considerably over period of use.

title: Communication Systems/Fading Channels


text:
Papermaking/Fibres for paper

{| cellpadding="5"  Different types of fibres can be used for producing paper. The most well-known is the wood fibre. In the beginning of papermaking mostly fibres from cotton and silk were used. A notorious fibre that at one time was used for producing a specific papergrade was asbestos. Until the late sixties of the 20th century this cancer causing fibre was used to produce asbestos paper. This lead to elevated cancer death rates specially within the group of papermakers, who produced this type of paper.
 * valign=top|
 * valign=top|

Different types of plants can and are used for producing paper, like bamboo from China. Phragmites can also be used as raw material for paper, still in the nineties of the 20th century producing paper from phragmites was investigated in Holland.

Wood pulp
Pulp from wood is the most important raw material for paper. Another, less correct name, which is used for pulp is cellulose.

Wood pulp as raw material is formed after the following treatments: This last part of the process is only necessary when the production of paper is not integrated with the production of wood pulp. The last step is necessary when the paper mill is located on a different location than the raw material source.
 * Collection of wood as raw material, usually harvesting from production forests, wood from thinning and wood rests from sawmills.
 * Sawing, debarking and woodchipping. Bark exist only of small amounts of useful fibres and therefore is used mostly for producing energy and steam. Woodchipping is the conversion of timber to woodchips.
 * Wood defibring
 * Bleaching
 * Drying and formation of pulp bales.

Hardwood and softwood can both be used to for paper. Usually wood pulp from eucalypt trees is treated as a separate group although it is in fact hardwood, because it has special dimensions (relatively short, but thick), which gives it unique properties.

In some countries paper industry exist without the existence of pulp mills in this country, like Holland. All wood pulp for the production of fine paper is imported.

Typical hardwood used in the paper industry comes from: Typical softwood:
 * aspen/populus
 * birch
 * beech
 * eucalypt
 * spruce
 * pine
 * fir
 * larch

Fibres from tropical hardwood trees are not as suitable for production of paper. This is contrary to what people think.

Defibring of wood pulp
For this chapter some knowledge about chemistry is required

There are two main types for defibring: mechanical or chemical. There exist however also a intermediate. Mechanically defibred pulp is called "wood containing", whereas chemically defibred pulp is called "woodfree". Wood containing is misleading, because it only says if lignin is present in substantial amounts.

Wood consists besides of fibres also of ligin. Lignin functions as binder between the individual fibres in the tree and needs to be removed or treated so it can be turned into pulp.

Pulp, as is, is usually only used for chemically defibred fibres, but the mechanical defibring is also mentioned here.

Mechanical pulping process
The first method we consider is stone groundwood.

The stem of a tree is pushed onto a turning ground stone. This process leads to a lot of heat formation, which is why the wood needs cooling. The high temperature attenuates the lignin (which is the binding component between the fibres), which is why the individual fibre is freed. Part of the fibres is not only freed but is also shortened.

The second defibring method is pressure groundwood. Similar to stone groundwood, the difference being the elevated pressure under which the process takes place. Due to the higher pressure, the temperature tends to be higher as well, which causes a more thorough weakening of the lignin structure.

The third defibring method is thermo groundwood. This process is performed with atmospheric pressure. The temperature is elevated and kept at a high temperature. Warm wood is used instead of cold wood.

The fourth defibring method is RMP, refiner mechanical pulp. First wood is chipped and then lead into a refiner. A refiner consists of plates on which knives are mounted. The plates turn with high speed and is pressured against a stationary plate, so that the fibre during contact with plates or knives is pulled out of the wood. Hier wordt gebruik gemaakt van gechipt hout. Het hout wordt in een refiner geleid. Een refiner bestaat uit een of meer platen met messen erop. De platen draaien en drukken hierbij tegen een stilstaande plaat, waarbij de vezel bij contact met de platen en messen uit het hout wordt getrokken.

The fifth defibring method is CRMP, chemical refiner mechanical pulp. Actually this is a method which is between mechanical and chemical defibring. Before the chips are feed into the refiner they are treated with sufite of bisulfite. This causes the fibre to be stronger compared to other mechanical methods. The efficiency of the process is alas lower so that a lower proportion of the wood is turned into pulp.

The sixth defibring method is TMP, thermo mechanical pulp. The chips are preheated before it is feed into the refiner.

The seventh defibring method is is CTMP, chemo thermo mechanical pulp. The chips get besides pretreatment with heat also a pretreatment with chemicals like sulfite. This pulp is regarded as the best wood containing mechanical pulp.

This last method is also called "semi-chemical" and is the transistion from mechanical to chemical pulp.

Chemical pulping process

 * valign=top width=210px|

 Summary

 Quote

 * "Paper from polemists yellows fast."

 * Simon Carmiggelt - Dutch writer and columnist (1913-1987)

 * }

> Next page: Water

Resources
Consistency Measurement - Pulp consistency measurement and control for paper industry.

title: Papermaking/Fibres for paper


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Geminio

Overview
Geminio is a spell used to duplicate things.

Extended Description
The verbal component of this spell is based on the word Gemini, which is the English form of the zodiac symbol for "the twins". It is used by Hermione to duplicate the Horcrux in the Ministry of Magic, so that Umbridge will not be aware that it has been taken from her.

Analysis
Note that this spell is similar, but not identical, to the Gemino curse.

Questions

 * 1) This spell duplicates objects, so why is this spell not used much in the books? For example, in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry, Ron, Hermione, Percy, Ginny, Fred and George all need a complete set of Lockhart books for Hogwarts. Seven sets of books were bought, but Mrs. Weasley presumably could have bought one set, and cast this spell to make seven complete sets for the price of one.

Re: why did Molly not use it?
The question has been asked, why don't wizards use Geminio to twin objects that they need more of? Of course, this is never answered directly in the book, but there is implication that either the copy just isn't good enough, or there is some form of magical rights management, akin to Muggle DRM or copy protection.

Taking the latter case first: We have already seen that some spells can be countered; Alohomora can be blocked, as we see in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, where Professor Umbridge has locked her door in a manner that makes it impervious to that spell, and we see in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows that some objects, notably the Sword of Gryffindor, are unaffected by Accio. It is to be expected that someone like Gilderoy Lockhart, concerned as he is with his own fame and profits, would have protected his books with a spell to prevent copying. Bookstores like Flourish and Blott's, of course, would be all in favour of such a spell, as they could not stay in business if their wares were copied indefinitely.

There is also the inferred "not good enough" issue. When Hermione uses the Geminio charm to create a duplicate of the locket, she says that she believes the copy will be good enough to fool Umbridge. This quite strongly suggests that even a witch as technically competent as Hermione cannot use the spell to create an identical copy. It is also mentioned that the copies produced by the similar Gemino curse are worthless. So if, as suggested, Mrs. Weasley were to use Geminio to replicate textbooks, the new textbooks might be as unusable as the end results of the failing Weasley spell-checking quill near the end of Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince – the text might be present but scrambled, or the books might be solid blocks that only appear to be books, for instance.


text:
User talk:Hdssh777

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--Laleena (talk) 21:32, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hdssh777


text:
User talk:Mgall013

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--Laleena (talk) 21:33, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mgall013


text:
Communication Networks/Duplex Networks

Duplex Networks, or networks where data travels in both directions between two nodes, pose the problem of needing two channels to communication between two nodes, instead of just one for a broadcast networks.

title: Communication Networks/Duplex Networks


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Flagrate

Overview
Flagrate is used to mark things, such as doors, with a flaming mark of some sort.

Extended Description
As they enter the Department of Mysteries at the Ministry of Magic, Harry and his companions find themselves in an antechamber with a number of identical doors, that seem to spin around every time a door is closed. As a result, it is impossible to tell which doors have already been tried. Hermione uses this spell to mark each door they try, until they find the correct one.

Analysis
Despite the similarity in names, this spell seems to be not particularly similar to the Flagrante curse.

We note that Hagrid created a fire in the fireplace when visiting the Dursleys at the Hut on the Rock. While it's possible he used this charm, we note that the book describes the result as "a roaring fire", rather than a flaming mark. The result of the spell suggests strongly that some other charm was used at that point.


text:
User talk:147.72.65.2

Join Us!
--Laleena (talk) 22:22, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:147.72.65.2


text:
Tennis/Terminology

Basic Tennis Terms

 * Volley:usually deflecting the ball at the net.

 * Serve:usually an overhand hit used to get the ball in play.

 * Forehand:a hit with the inside of the hitting hand facing the court, almost always a one-handed shot.

 * Backhand:a hit the back of the hitting hand facing the court. Can be a one or two-handed shot.  The two-handed backhand, though difficult for some, if mastered, offers good power, direction, and spin.  The one-handed backhand offers power, speed, and flexibility.

 * Racquet:the stringed bat used to hit the tennis ball.

 * Backspin:when the ball is literally spinning backwards while traveling forwards. Produces a low bounce and/or less forward motion after the bounce.

 * Topspin:when the ball is spinning forward while traveling forward. Usually produces a high bounce.

 * Slice:hitting the ball with left or right side spin, produces a low or sideways bounce.

 * Rally:hitting the ball back and forth.

title: Tennis/Terminology


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Tennis/A doubles game

Singles and Doubles

doubles-played with 4 people, 2 on each side
 * uses full boundaries (tramlines are in)

title: Tennis/A doubles game


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Tennis/Basic rules

Tennis Rules
1. When serving the ball must land in the opposite service box diagonally towards your opponent.

2. You get two attempts to get the ball in play when serving. If the ball goes directly out or hits the net and lands out, the first serve is lost and you have a second serve attempt. If the 2nd serve does not land in play, the receiver gets the point. If either the 1st or 2nd serve hits the net but goes over and lands in the correct service box, it is a "let" and the serve is taken over again.

3. When rallying, in order to get a "point," the ball can either bounce at least twice in the court, once in the court and once anywhere else (including stationary objects not on the court), or the hitter can may hit the ball directly out or into the net and lose the point.

4. No double hitting; one player cannot hit the ball more than once or two doubles partners cannot each hit the ball.

Scoring System
All scores are announced with the server's score first. Thus, a 0-40 score means the server has 0 points, the receiver has 40 and could win on the next point. Under normal circumstances, the point after 40 wins the game, unless both players have 40 ("deuce"), in which case advantage scoring starts

0 15 30 40 - "Deuce" if both players have 40 Ad - Short for "advantage." If the server scores a point from deuce, the score is Ad-In or Advantage-In. If the receiver scores the point, the score is Ad-Out. The first player who scores from their advantage wins the point. If the opposite player scores, the score goes back to deuce. Some people play with no-ad scoring where the next point after deuce wins.

title: Tennis/Basic rules


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Tennis/Professional competition

Current top players of the game (2008)

Men

Roger Federer (SUI), Rafael Nadal (ESP)

Women

Justine Henin (BEL), Maria Sharapova (RUS)

title: Tennis/Professional competition


text:
Tennis/The equipment

Racquets History

 * Wooden
 * Plastic
 * Carbon fiber
 * Hybrid technologies
 * Nano technologies

title: Tennis/The equipment


text:
User talk:Dannywhite

Hi there. I notice you just blanked a page. Whenever you do this, please make sure you put a good reason for doing it in the edit summary; otherwise, someone is likely to revert it. More useful stuff below:

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:53, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dannywhite


text:
User talk:Mike.lifeguard/Archive 12

Rollbacker status
After reading the policies I am still not sure what Rollbacker status quite is. Could you explain? Thanks, Laleena (talk) 22:50, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Rollback will allow you to revert the top edit of some user and all consecutive edits prior to that by the same user. As such, it's suited only to reverting clear vandalism. This can be done in other ways (Twinkle, or simply undoing the edits manually) but this method is faster for the user. Can you suggest how Wikibooks:Rollback could be improved to be more informative? – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:11, 24 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It has a ton of just words, but it's too complex. Over at WP they have the "policy in a nutshell" feature which would make WB policies easier to understand, I think. While I'm at it, though, could you look over the entry for a VEI 9 that I put in over at Volcanoes? I found it in a book, ask questions if you need to. I'm beginning to satisfy myself with the state of Volcanoes but not totally :). Cheers, Laleena (talk) 00:25, 25 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Well some of it isn't relevant to how the tool actually works - just the paragraph on rollback. In essence, all you need to know is that you can only use it for vandalism, and it will undo from the top revision all consecutive edits of a single user. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:41, 26 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I fixed up Wikibooks:Rollback and Dealing with vandalism. They should be much more helpful now. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 00:21, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * It is clearer, yes, but there is still a lot of jargon in it. For example "contribs page" – I know immediately what you mean, but the term should be defined: "For each user there is a contributions page, accessible by..." Also, the admin-only section about bot marking should have an "admin-only" header of some sort to cut down the confusion. One other thing is that you say "in this case you should probably use the delete template" without adequately defining what the case is. The Rollback tool is pretty simple, so it doesn't require a huge write-up, and though I've used it only twice, I have a decent idea what it does. Chazz (talk) 17:38, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks, I'll make a point to go back and clarify those parts. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 17:48, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

Thanks
For fixing the NC on the Movie making manual. When I had the list down to 3 last year some time, that was one one the ones I dreaded looking at. While we're talking about Naming Convention I wanted to ask your opinion on the programming books. Techinally I don't think all of these break the Naming Convention. However I think that they shouldn't have a colon in their title, becuase we use this for namespaces such as wikijunior... I was wondering about proposing a change to the naming convention which says that colons are disallowed in titles. What do you think? --AdRiley (talk) 10:23, 26 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, the programming books are on my list. I talked about them a while back (look in my archives) and we decided that instead of being Programming:Language/Chapter they should be Language Programming/Chapter. This is mostly because there is no single book "Programming" with sections on all these different languages - they're entirely separate books. You're right though, I don't think they technically violate it. I don't think we need a new policy proposal to deal with colons in the title; we can just change the title. As well, there may be books with titles like (making one up at random) "Terrorism: A scourge upon the Earth" where the colon is legal as it denotes that the 2nd part is a subtitle, not a chapter. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:38, 26 January 2008 (UTC)

yes...
i saw it. But the definition + the toc is actually a lot more than a lot of Wikiversity pages unfortunately. So in that sense, it might not be bad on Wikiversity and then geared more towards Wikiversity's mission. --Remi (talk) 17:22, 27 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Fair enough. Let us know if/when you have it transwikied please. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 19:57, 27 January 2008 (UTC)

Re:Advanced Interactive Media Class
I already sent the email, so I don't think you need to send another one quite yet. Either way, I don't think we need to delete this book, and we likely should undelete the Future Media Class book as well (so we can reformat it properly).

This just goes to show that the differences between WB and WV can be vanishingly small, and sometimes the only difference is the way in which the material is titled.

I'm too busy to go into a mad day-long editing frenzy on this book (I wish I could, because my wiki muscle needs the exercise), but I will try to help out a little bit here and there when I can spare the time. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 16:08, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
 * heh. Too late; me too. I think a rename is in order for both books. I've already started a VFU for Future Media Class, as both were intended to be textbooks. It's just that the students went of the rails a bit, and the teacher wasn't watching. This is unfortunate; perhaps we should do more to encourage class projects to a) let us know they're out there, b) plan things out better and c) ask for help from the community. /me thinks about such things for a while. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 16:14, 29 January 2008 (UTC)

help with copyright
Hi Mike,

I am a new user although the class I am now teaching has been writing Wikibooks for some time (ECI 301 at Old Dominion University). I followed the information provideed on the website for getting permission to use the image I posted. It doesn't list what type of license they are operating under, but I did email the author to try and find out.

Here's the info from the website:http://www.phdcomics.com/about.htm

Maybe you'd be able to advise me.

Can I use one of your comics in my thesis/defense/website or graduate student newsletter? We'll be happy to grant you permission, but you MUST e-mail us at questions(at)phdcomics.com to let us know how and which strips you are using (by sending this email, you obtain official permission to use the images). In all cases, the strips must have the following text printed next to them:

"Piled Higher and Deeper" by Jorge Cham www.phdcomics.com —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Jenniferjkidd (talk • contribs) 21:50, January 29, 2008.
 * Unfortunately licensing like "used with permission" is not permitted here. If you can get the image re-licensed under a free license, then you can use it here. Your other option is to claim fair use (see WB:MEDIA for how to do this), though this is strongly discouraged. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:26, 29 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I have posted a sample Wiki article for my students to use as a sample and from which they can borrow code for the articles they will write over the next three weeks. In my sample article, I have included this image which I am "using with permission". I have already stated in my sample article that I will remove it once the students have finished their final articles and it will not become part of the official text book. This seems to me like a decent rationale for fair use - using it temporarily for the education of students. Can I claim fair use and keep the image until my students have finished creating their articles? Jenniferjkidd (talk) 03:27, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * That is absolutely not a valid rationale for fair use, but I can't delete the image on those grounds for seven days after upload, which means you'll probably get away with it. If this module is an example for your students to follow, I can only envision the headache when they all start uploading images which aren't allowed on Wikibooks. Please replace the image with a freely-licensed one. Commons is a huge repository of freely-licensed images, and flikr allows you to search for images licensed under CreativeCommons licenses (no-derivatives and non-commercial are not permitted!); there is no shortage of freely-licensed images to use. Please set a good example for your students and show them how to use images properly. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 03:44, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for working with me on this issue. Help me to understand why this would not be a rationale for fair use. I have been presenting information on my class related to copyright and fair use i.e. I am trying to do the right thing. I want to be sure I understand the laws/regulations in addition to abiding by them.Jenniferjkidd (talk) 18:23, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Fair use elsewhere might be permitted, but Wikibooks has rules which restrict fair use for this website. Our requirements are similar to that of Wikipedia, and are enumerated at WB:MEDIA. I think this image falls short on points 1 ("Free license or public domain alternatives aren't available") and 5 ("Deleting a non-free media file would render a book unusable"). There are plenty of other single-panel comics that you could use, and that page could survive without any image there. If you want something very similar, I suggest you search flikr; Commons is unlikely to have a suitable replacement. Alternatively, you can ask the community at Commons to create a replacement. There's no reason that some artist couldn't create a comic to replace the one you've chosen. Since that page is an example, just about any image would serve the same purpose there, and again, no image whatsoever wouldn't render the example unusable. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 03:44, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I see you've visited the page where my illegal picture is shown. I have two sections of a course contributing to this Wikibook. I showed one group my sample page on Friday and the other will see it tomorrow. So far, my mistake is serving as an example of what not to do and in that case may be more powerful that a correct example. So, the fact that this happened has turned into a good teachable moment for my students. I will let the image get deleted as scheduled and this will provide yet another good example of the repercussions of choosing an image which is not public domain or free license.

 * Can you explain your other point? I should tell students to use Wiki markup instead of html? I tried searching for Wiki codes and had much less success. Html codes seem to work fine. Are there cases when it doesn't? Is there a repository of wiki markup codes and tutorials somewhere?Jenniferjkidd (talk) 05:31, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

outdent Wikimarkup is generally easier to learn, and more flexible than html; that's why we use it. Much html will work as expected, but there are some things which won't. Documentation is at Help:Editing Help:Editing FAQ and How to edit a page. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:34, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Wikijunior, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes
Think you would be interested in keeping the work going on these Wikibooks projects? Hope you will, they need to go up the scale... Laleena (talk) 00:17, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I do have one Wikijunior book on the go. I haven't edited it much, but I do plan to finish it eventually.
 * As for Volcanoes and Earthquakes, I can certainly help with organization, proofreading and the like, but I'm not in a position to be contributing much content for quite some time. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 00:25, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

Not justified block
This is not promotional. You are in grave error. This is reminder of OBSOLETE and VINTAGE Commodore Business Machines and International Business Machines, and is allowed in other wikis. Please remove this unappropiate block, especially because in English and Simple wikis exist CBMIBM accounts such as http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:CBMIBM, http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:CBMIBM and http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:CBMIBM which are not blocked and have some edit history. These are too my accounts. CBMIBM (talk) 17:46, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Indeed. Please unblock him, and try to think more carefully in the future. -- SB_Johnny | PA! 18:16, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I've unblocked him now. -- SB_Johnny | PA! 20:27, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks; I would have done the same when I got this message. You're indeed correct that that block was a mistake. In my defense, I was unaware that these products were obsolete. I've left an apology on this user's talk page. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 21:08, 30 January 2008 (UTC)

 * I use CBMIBM nick, because it both reminds obsolete hardware, and too because CBM and IBM rhymes perfectly, looking as brothers of each other. CBMIBM (talk) 10:13, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

We should chat
Mike, I know you mean well, but we need new contributors and new content more than we need law and order. -- SB_Johnny | PA! 20:27, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm not trying to be overbearing on purpose. If you're seeing a pattern of such behaviour, please point it out to me so I can avoid is proactively, instead of simply a complaint after the fact. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 21:12, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I tried to catch up with you a week ago about some things but I've been really busy with real life and the big recruiting efforts at Wikiversity. I know you don't mean to be "overbearing", but I do wish you would take a more gentle approach to people (especially newbies). I know for sure that your heart is in the right place, but sometime's you're a bit quick on the draw. When in doubt, it's often better to leave it alone and come back to it later. -- SB_Johnny | PA! 23:11, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I know the feeling; just coming up on exams starting tomorrow, so I'm swamped myself. I do recognize that I'm often impatient with some things, but I do try to hold myself back. I'm not aiming for the whirlwind that is enwikipedia, but I would often like to see evidence that someone other than myself cares about certain important issues (only one example). This doesn't really deal with this particular issue, but more with myself. So yes, I am quick on the draw oftentimes, and yes, it is with the best of intentions, and yes I will try to scratch my itchy trigger finger instead of firing inappropriately (to use an extended metaphor). – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:37, 30 January 2008 (UTC)
 * I do know the feeling, and during my early days as an admin here I felt the same way. The most important thing that we who believe in the project all have to do (admins or otherwise) is to assume good faith, and be humble when it comes to new ideas and crazy projects that we don't see any future for. You've been a bit short with newbies in a number of other cases too, but blocking people in a short manner realy moves you from just being another grumpy wikibookian (in good company :-)) to an administrator who is abusing their user rights. Even worse, you are a CheckUser, and that's a big responsibility that should confine you to being even more careful about blocking people. Please just remember that when you block someone, you're blocking a person, and if you block someone who isn't here with the intention of being an asshole you're going to be hurting feelings when you do that. You've done an astounding amount of work clearing backlogs and old business, but please don't forget the mission :). -- SB_Johnny | PA! 22:52, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

About uploading image (Megauniversity-Turkey)
Dear,

Thanks a lot for recoverying our site at that time. I really enjyoed my first experience to create a book with peers.

I wanna ask one question, as my format of licence notification of an image was wrong, you deleted. I uploaded again and revised the format of this notification. I wonder whether this version fill the requiement or not. The resource(white version)is provided as free licence and free for editingou, thus I created the image with editing this one.....

I am afraid but if you think my format in this time is also not good, would you let me know??

Thank you for your initial help. From Yoko (g096016-wikiID) —The preceding unsigned comment was added by G096016 (talk • contribs) 08:36, February 1, 2008.
 * Yes, it's fine. I had trouble finding a reliable translation of the permissions page from that website, but Google's is close enough to readable that I'm satisfied the maps are in the public domain. Thanks for taking care with this. Happy editing! – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 03:36, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

This user
I noticed you blocked this user, here's everything I know about him:
 * removed for brevity

What do you think? Laleena (talk) 01:57, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Port 80 open but filtered ; returns a 403. Unblocked. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 03:27, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Recentchanges
Hello. Could you please browse through Recent Changes and check? I will be on a Wikibreak, beginning tomorrow, could you expand Volcanoes and Earthquakes, also, how do I know what my IP address is, could you look it up? Thanks, Laleena (talk) 22:57, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I regularly patrol RC both on-wiki and through IRC. I am in the middle of exams, and don't have time to contribute content, hence my low editing rate. You can check your IP address by going to http://whatismyip.com/ – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:00, 4 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks :). I guess I'll just get to work on some other stuff, not excluding. Thanks again, Laleena (talk) 23:34, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Trademarks as usernames
I saw your post at Hyundai talkpage and even if I understand the rational and reasons for it I noticed that you didn't include any reference to a policy about the issue, is there one? (The question is that failing to be clear and have a common ground for making such request could become problematic. I personally don't see a problem in a use choosing to actively promote or even demote a trademark, logging as I_hate_MS or Hyundai_fan or a myriad of possible "well behaviored" alias, even extending this into the political activism field without being crass or abusive of others, corporations, or other types of non personal entities shouldn't receive the same protection status, and will not react emotionally to any statement).

The best a quick search revealed on the subject was No offensive usernames (rejected) and Username policy (that is not enforcible here). I agree that using exact trademarks should be abolished but do not agree with that the promotional side you mentioned on the post should be a problem... --Panic (talk) 03:19, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Well, as I said, it is my personal opinion, not policy (though I strongly believe it should be). You're correct, there's no policy or guideline I'm aware of, save common decency. As for corporations not getting hurt feelings, I'm actually delighted to hear someone other than myself make the claim that corporations are not people. That said, their trademarks should still be respected. However, my main concern with that username (and the one I blocked erroneously, as you can see a few sections up) is from a conflict of interest standpoint. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 03:46, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

 * The "request" to the user is a bit heavy handed. You aren't clear that it only reflects your personal view point and that you are open to be challenged on the issue. Remember that you start referring to a block and then mention that he otherwise will lose his edits attributions. It was that stance that made me question the bases for a request on those terms.  --Panic (talk) 04:08, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * "I was about to" implies that I considered and rejected that option. "You're more than welcome to continue contributing" and "Please ask..." are not particularly heavy-handed, I don't think. Considering that this user is editing modules concerning products manufactured by Hyundai, I think there's ample reason to be concerned about the username. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 04:18, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I understood the text but again state that it is not clear if the use is obliged to comply to it. the "You're more than welcome to continue contributing" isn't clear if after the change or even if he doesn't change the alias for instance.
 * I only calling your attention that it can have other interpretations and that your concerns beyond a use of a trademark in itself aren't understood and probably shared. I haven't read his edits and have only patrolled some pages about bicycles (I don't even know if Hyundai builds those) but in any case I see the name/content relation non problematic (beyond what I already stated and you agreed) as for the content any conflict of interests that could rise would fall inside the NPOV rule of the contributions. Would you consider a conflict of interest if you stated contributing to a book about lifeguards ? or is your preoccupation not on the alias he uses but on neutrality of the content ? --Panic (talk) 04:37, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * No, because "Lifeguard" doesn't imply partisanship. If my username was "Lifesaving Society" or "JEA" or "Red Cross" or somesuch, then yes, there'd be a problem. NPOV is a separate issue. If I had the username "Lifesaving Society" and I were writing about lifeguarding, then there would be a conflict of interest (or at least the appearance of one) independently of whether my contributions were neutral, verifiable, etc. Similarly, I could write without a neutral POV on lifeguarding with any other name which doesn't imply partisanship (such as "Mike.lifeguard"). So yes, the NPOV issue arises, but it's separate from any COI issue with respect to a username (though the username issue may indicate a NPOV problem, and usually does).
 * I hesitate to call it a "preoccupation" but my concern is both. Usernames often reveal a conflict of interest. In the case you see above, I was way off-base, and there was no COI whatsoever. In this case, there probably isn't either (so I didn't block). Nevertheless, even the appearance of a COI should be scrupulously avoided. If these concerns aren't shared, that's fine, but IMO a Bad Thing.
 * I'm off to bed; feel free to amend my message to User:Hyundai if you like. Since you're the second person to take issue with my thinking here in as many days, I won't be pressing the issue, and consider it closed. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 04:55, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Ok I'll post below you and state that he is free to keep the name but should at least consider an alias change or clarify his position in is user page and will attempt to make a point about NPOV.
 * We are all busy and sometimes time doesn't lend it self to be used in details and we can be misunderstood, I still have problems with the distinctions you make on invested interests but I don't see how there could be any harm to Wikibooks without violating the NPOV rule.
 * I could debate the issue more with you. Will add just this: Users here tend to be anonymous, even making assumptions about a username can be dangerous and appearances are often deceiving, by policy we should expect all to have the best intentions, it is far more probable that one with bad intentions would use guile and subterfuge for such functions. --Panic (talk) 05:51, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Subject Page Updating
Shouldn't this page Subject:Languages update automatically? Currently it contains a lot of Arabic module pages for no apparent reason. Recent Runes (talk) 12:57, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Yes, the lists are dynamic, however caching may cause out-of-date information to be displayed. Try purging the server cache by appending ?action=purge to the URL for the page like this: http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Subject:Languages?action=purge As well many books are categorized "improperly" so that all modules appear. The solution is to re-categorize the modules, ensuring that only the top page has the category corresponding to the Subject: page. This often involves bot work. If you leave a list of books which appear on Subject: pages incorrectly, I can have a go later in the week. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:53, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

I think the purge has helped a lot, so the clean-up I did on the Arabic book is shown properly now. Recent Runes (talk) 21:23, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

And another one
After seeing your conversation with Panic above, I thought I'd look through some of your other contribs. From what I could tell without actually undeleting, the contribs of User:Freemoneybuy were not necessarily bad faith either. Bad use of naming convention? Yes. Contemptuous subject? Well, I would say so, but who am I to judge! Looks like you blocked him and mass deleted his contribs because you disapproved of the subject he was writing about.

I'm not fond of that way of making money, but (a) it's not illegal, and (b) it might be interesting to know how people do that (since I am often perplexed by keyword-laden spams and websites). -- SB_Johnny | PA! 22:59, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * You might want to look at the content of those pages, as there's nothing particularly objectionable there. However, they were all dumps of wikihow content, which is GFDL-incompatible. Furthermore, freemoneybuy is one of those stupid sites which is a regularly associated with spam and is basically running a fraud scheme. Interestingly, the site is down, but Google has cached versions if you care to take a look.
 * There is no shortage of content I object to on Wikibooks, but I haven't unilaterally deleted any of it because I have integrity. This wouldn't be an example of such content in any case. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:18, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

 * Ah ok :). You didn't leave any deletion comments (or much of a block comment, to be honest), so it's hard for someone to get the story when looking into things. We joked a while back about trying to get Willy on Wheels to write a wikibook on how he manages to be such a crafty pain in the ass (where he finds his OPs, how he decides what pages to hit, etc.)... same theme for me. -- SB_Johnny | PA! 00:10, 6 February 2008 (UTC)
 * lol. I'd read that book... and use it to thwart him ;) – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 01:33, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

Tremblantchat copyright problems.
Hi Mike. I thought I might let you know about something regarding your Tremblant page. Recently a website called www.tremblantchat.com was added to the links. There is a problem with this website and their teenage owners.

I own/run www.tremblant-insider.com The main owners of tremblantchat were banned from my website after they maliciously attacked a members sexuality. It was bad. They signed up under names like "russsuckscock" JBtakesitintheass" etc. So I had to ban them for life.  It got really really bad.

So because of this they came up with tremblantchat.com to basically trash my site. They have stolen pictures and videos of mine, and trademarks. Not a good group of kids to be listed on your site. I thought you should know this. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 24.122.154.174 (talk • contribs) 15:50, February 7, 2008.
 * I removed part of the Wikipedia article, but not for the reason you stated. Wikipedia is not a battleground for this conflict; the section was removed because it's unencyclopedic. In the future, please note that you can fix things like this yourself, and that you'd do better to contact a Wikipedia editor if you need help on that wiki. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 17:59, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

"Clock Recovery", to be ported from Wikipedia to Wikibooks.
Dear Mike,

I am doing the porting, page by page (it was me who wrote those pages in the first place!!)

I am not able to use Transwiki, therefore I am in the middle of the porting. It is time consuming, but it offers me the opportunity of revising the material, completing it and adding a few pages that were still missing in the Wikipedia version.

Please leave me the necessary time, and remove the Transwiki stuff for clock recovery in the meantime (I do not know how to do that!!!)

Thanks Andrea (BORGATO Pierandrea (talk) 14:35, 8 February 2008 (UTC))
 * If you're the only author, and you're happy with having the attribution as-is, then that's fine. If there's stuff in the Transwiki: namespace that needs to be deleted, just add to the top of the page; an admin will come along and take care of it. Thanks.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 14:38, 8 February 2008 (UTC)

Character names
Collecting character names has been my passion for several years. Sometimes I'll go through baby name popularity lists for a country (such as Canada, France, Sweden or Japan) and add all the names to that ehtnicity's list. I'll often scour through lists of people in a certain country or ethnic group (such as an Italian donor list, a list of students at a Lithuanian university, a list of Sierra Leonean terrorism victims or the membership list of an Iranian club) and figure out the most common names, adding them all to my lists. For surnames the U.S. census' list is helpful -- I just have to do research to figure out which name fits into which ethnic group. Baby name books are also a source. Ciao! Cilantrohead (talk) 17:57, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Cool beans. Have you read the section on child naming in Freakonomics? – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:03, 9 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I've never read the book, but I have seen a discussion of its name trend projections on the Internet. It says names like Aviva will become popular in a few years. Cilantrohead (talk) 18:04, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

Copyright again
Hi Mike, I am unsure if I'm doing this correctly, so please forgive my ignorance. You asked for the information regarding Image:ChefFredSalad.jpg. I found the photo on the Wiki Commons page and from there, in a gov't site. I then emailed the owner, and asked for permission to use it - the response said it was fine, but to cite the photo and credit County Television Network. What else do I need to do to ensure all rights are being followed? Dnichols (talk) 02:58, 10 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I've moved the image to Commons; permission emails should be forwarded to OTRS at [mailto:permissions-commons@wikimedia.org permissions-commons@wikimedia.org]. Once verified, I think it should be fine. If not, Commons has many free images (Image:Salad platter02.jpg for example). I also notice you haven't given credit to County Television Network; please do so on the image description page, along with a URL to the website you got it from. Thanks. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 03:50, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Ok - I tried to upload the information to the image description page, but I'm not sure where it goes, exactly. Please forgive my ineptitude. I posted the entire citation on the page, but am sure it is supposed to go somewhere else. I'll forward the email to the Commons site you stated in the previous response. Thank you! Dnichols (talk) 02:17, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Yeah, I saw that. That'll be fine as long as the email gets forwarded to the address above for confirmation. Thanks! – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 02:39, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Hi Dionne,

Thanks for taking the time to do this correctly. You are setting a good example for all the students in our course. Jenniferjkidd (talk) 15:34, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Two books we're adapting to fit community guidelines more appropriately.
Mike,

As time allows, I'm editing in Future Media and Advanced Interactive Media Books to better comply to wikibook guidelines. Thanks for changing the names for both books right away.

I'm using this link: http://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3AContributions&contribs=user&target  to search my student's edits for each of these books. Is there a way I can enter a student's user ID and see every edit a particular student has made in ONE wikibook? I'm going module by module so far and it's tedious. Part of their class grade is based on wiki edits so I don't want to miss anything once they've logged in.

Any suggestions?

PS Will your feedback show up only in your "talk" pages or on mine as well? I want to learn how to use this wiki communication feature, but don't want to miss your feedback.

Don Eland  doneland@oru.edu —The preceding unsigned comment was added by AiClassEland (talk • contribs) 21:06, February 10, 2008.
 * You can click the watch tab on the top of this page to add it to your watchlist. Then, in the top right corner there is a my watchlist link, which will show you edits to pages on your watchlist; you can use this feature to see when I make edits to this page, such as this reply.
 * There is no way of getting that information from the software as-is, but there is at least one workaround. Again in the top right, there is a my preferences link. There, you can click the Gadgets tab, check off Logs filter and hit save at the bottom. On certain pages (including Special:Contributions) you'll get a filter tab at the top of the page. You can then filter or highlight the results on the page. So if you enter the title of a module, and filter, you'll see only their edits to that module. Unfortunately, this may not work with all browsers (it is tested to work in Firefox).
 * Another method is to use one of several tools hosted on the toolserver. Contributors can approximate the effect you want, using the group by contributor option. Specify en for language and wikibooks.org for the project along with the module name. Note that this tool uses an out-of-date copy of the wiki, which is currently about 1.5 weeks behind the current state of Wikibooks.
 * Hope one of those will work for you. If not, come on back & we'll try to figure something out.
 * Last thing: Please sign messages on talk pages using four tildes ( ~ ); the software will automatically turn that into a signature and timestamp so it's easy to see who said what and when. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:27, 10 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Sorry, the toolserver tool doesn't do what you want - it will just list how many edits a certain user has done to a particular page. I don't think there is another tool which does what you want. But perhaps we should find someone to make one for this purpose... – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:28, 10 February 2008 (UTC)

Formating options for print version
Where to find the list of formating options for a print version? Simple question: how to set a page breack? --Rudolf (talk) 23:47, 10 February 2008 (UTC)
 * The template might work. Otherwise, you'll do better to ask another user. User:Whiteknight would be a good choice; he does lots of work with print versions.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 00:08, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Deletions
Thanks! Νεοπτόλεμος 04:56, 11 February 2008 (UTC)
 * No problem. Always good to be rid of orphaned redirects. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 13:19, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

Transwiki:Introduction to metrics, norms and inner products
Thanks. Proto (talk) 13:28, 11 February 2008 (UTC)

World at work
Could you please vote on this book's FB nom? Thanks, Laleena (talk) 00:22, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I did, but I'd prefer if you didn't canvass in the future. Specifically, do not canvass me as I will see all nominations on my watchlist and will voice my opinions if I want to. Thanks for your consideration. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:45, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Sorry Mike :). I didn't realize that was a problem. Thanks, Laleena (talk) 22:12, 12 February 2008 (UTC)

Revert
Thanks but I leave junk like that around. It never bothers me & explains blocks (& reminds me to keep an eye on the IP :)). Cheers -- Herby  talk thyme 13:51, 13 February 2008 (UTC)
 * OK, sure. The IRC bot does that for me since I patrol from there. /me remembers for the future. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 13:59, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mike.lifeguard/Archive 12


text:
Earthquakes/Basics of Earthquakes

According to Wiktionary, an earthquake (synonym "quake") is "a shaking of the Earth, caused by volcanic activity or movement around geologic faults" or "a natural disaster." This, indeed, comprehensively covers all written about earthquakes. However, you should learn something about this phenomenon's geography. Most earthquakes occur along tectonic plate boundaries, although one of the worst earthquakes of all time was in Missouri, in 1811. It was felt even in Washington, D.C.

title: Earthquakes/Basics of Earthquakes


text:
User talk:Vl41175

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:24, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vl41175


text:
User talk:Lphip003

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:26, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

Copyright problem with Image:Resized.jpg

 * I deleted the duplicates, inferior versions and scaled versions, leaving Image:Bullypic.jpg for you to use. Please try to to upload a single image like that - one copy, at high resolution is sufficient. Happy editing! – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 22:45, 6 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Is there some reason you need a scaled down version of this image? – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 18:36, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lphip003


text:
Talk:Future Media

Image copyright problems
Just a reminder that there are several images used in this book which are slated for imminent deletion. Please provide license templates and source information for them ASAP. WB:MEDIA has info, and if you need help you can ask on my talk page. – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 23:30, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Future Media


text:
User talk:208.100.195.88

Join Us!
--Laleena (talk) 23:35, 4 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:208.100.195.88


text:
Talk:Coding Cookbook/Validate Email Address

Removed the broken "regex" solution
The shortest proper regex solution for this problem looks something like. Anything shorter than this is not matching "an email address". I removed the broken solution until someone figures out what should actually go in here, because in fact, regex solutions in javascript are almost always the wrong solution for this. --Randal L. Schwartz (talk) 00:33, 5 February 2008 (UTC)
 * And I had to remove a second broken solution. Please. People.  Read, and use your head. --Randal L. Schwartz (talk) 02:53, 25 February 2008 (UTC)
 * I spent a long time researching this subject, and am now comfortable with the results, feel free to use the regex I produced in the end, and use the article as citation... --82.152.138.226 (talk) 12:23, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
 * A regular expression of about 600 characters in length is all that's needed to validate an email address according to the RFC 5322 specification. It's certainly not impossible, despite what the article claims.

WTF?
"This means that the best way to detect whether an email address is valid is to simply send it an email." That section is completely useless and dump. I am voting for removing it.


text:
User talk:63.135.22.125

 * This particular one lives in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. He works for either Cyber Beach Communications CBEACH-4 and/or Persona Communications PI-HIGHSPEED-SUDBURY (or at least I get the idea this one's from there). Recalling the time I posted a ton of stuff about an IP guy, included name, phone, address, and other such give-aways. Thoughts? Laleena (talk) 01:39, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:63.135.22.125


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Gemino

Overview
Gemino is a protective curse; cast on an object, it makes that object multiply repeatedly when it is touched.

Extended Description
The verbal component of this spell is based on the word Gemini, which is the English form of the zodiac symbol for "the twins".

According to Griphook, it is apparently fairly common for valuable items in the vaults at Gringotts to be protected with the Gemino and Flagrante curses. The former causes the touched item to produce multiple copies of itself, thus confusing the burglar into taking the valueless copies.

Analysis
Note the similarity to the Geminio charm, which produces a single replica of the object it is cast upon.


text: User talk:66.212.204.195

title: User talk:66.212.204.195


text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Flagrante

Overview
The Flagrante curse causes an object to become unbearably hot when touched.

Extended Description
According to Griphook, it is apparently fairly common for valuable items in the vaults at Gringotts to be protected with the Gemino and Flagrante curses. The latter causes the touched item to become unbearably hot, so that the burglar cannot hold onto his ill-gotten gains.

We see this spell in action in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows, where it turns out that the contents of the Lestrange vault are protected by these two charms. The Trio, and the two goblins they have with them, are very nearly covered in burning-hot replicas of the treasures in the vault.

Despite the similarity in names, this spell has very little in common with the Flagrate spell.


text:
Talk:Cultural Anthropology

Welcome!
This Cultural Anthropology textbook is a very new one (As of Feb 4, 2008), and I would like to encourage any and all people knowledgeable of Cultural Anthropology to modify this textbook in any way they see fit, or add comments on this page.

Before getting started please review the following

Help:Editing for details on how to edit and format additions

and Guidelines_for_class_projects for basic information about logging in etc.

Feel free to create new topics and headings or collapse/move sections as you think best. Those that are there but have no details filled in are just someones ideas. If you have better ideas, change it.

-Note on Images and Wikipedia links-

Large images are useful in Anth texts because they allow the reader to appreciate the detail that people go to to create meaning, the detail contributes to the readers understanding of the values and choices of a culture as well as hilighting potentially unfamiliar details, textures, what activities are occurring in the background etc. Larger images are preferred, specifically for the purpose of making the text more comparable to commercially available texts, many high quality images are available in wikimedia commons.

Links to wikipedia. For the most part in wikibooks the preference is to make the content stand alone with fewer links to wikipedia. However in the case of an introductory textbook the links to wikipedia function as a glossary for the introductory text so as students encounter a new term they can, with a single click, find the definition and encyclopedic content to explain the concept. This is a valuable learning tool that should remain in the text. --Paul James (discuss • contribs) 00:04, 8 April 2011 (UTC)

Course Project
Back at it in Oct-Dec 2017 with a class project creating a glossary for each chapter. Paul James (discuss • contribs) 22:21, 27 October 2017 (UTC)

From January through June 2009 this text will be under expansion by students in Anthropology at Western Washington University.

Once again opening up this textbook to student editing Nov 2016 in hopes of getting i t to a usable format this year. --Paul James (discuss • contribs) 01:01, 30 November 2016 (UTC)

the existing Table of contents (Jan 09) is
 * Foundations
 * Introduction Development stage: 25% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * Anthropological Methods Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * General Anthropological Theory Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * Modern Cultural Anthropological Perspectives
 * Material culture Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * Cultural ecology Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * Socialization Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * Symbolism and communication Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * Statuses, roles, and relationships Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * The life cycle Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * Social groups and institutions Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * Marriage and the family Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * Kinship systems and groups Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)
 * Case Studies
 * The Yanomami of South America Development stage: 00% (as of Feb 03, 2008)

We will revise it to meet the organization of the course.

 * Introduction to Anthropology and Culture
 * The History of Anthropology
 * Fieldwork Methods
 * Language and Communication
 * Symbolism and Expressive Culture
 * Ritual and Religion
 * Production, Inequality and Development
 * Health, Healing and Human Rights
 * Marriage, Reproduction and Kinship
 * Social Stratification, Power and Conflict
 * Globalization and Migration

Suggestion
I would like to suggest ...

PDF
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/File:PDF_template.sxw

Updated 'printable version' and PDF files need to be created Media:Introduction to anthropology.pdf text needs to be created--Paul James (talk) 16:22, 20 May 2010 (UTC)

Welcomes and help
Congratulations on a fast growing book. I wouldn't be surprised to see it amongst our featured books before long.

I've been adding welcome messages to some of the contributors of this wikibook. This provides a number of useful links to help users learn more about the Wikibooks project. I haven't been very methodical; I've just added it when I've seen valuable contributions (and I've only noticed contributions to a small part of this book).

I'm currently trying to improve the Wikibooks documentation and would be particularly interested to hear any comments on whether you find the help pages and this template useful, or if something is missing or could be done better.

If you think the welcome message is of value, you can actually add it too! Just place " " on the recipient's talk page. Other versions are available in the Category:Welcome templates.

Happy editing! --Swift (talk) 01:43, 19 February 2009 (UTC)

References and Content
Write information in your own words based on your understanding of concepts.

Do not cite 'about.com' or other low quality web info as your source in the wikibook. Also please avoid quoting the textbook.

As a simple alternative try these 1) search for your topic at http://www.anthrosource.net (you have access to abstracts and many full texts, without even using the library). 2) in Google scholar http://scholar.google.com/ - combine your topic term with anthropology and see what articles come up. 3) use information in wikipedia, although the quality is only as good as you make it. 4)

An excellent link to definitions of terms as well as full online ethnographies is available at http://www.anthrobase.com/

In all cases write it in your own words to avoid plagiarism.

It is easiest to copy the markup for images already used in wikipedia articles, they are formatted for size, location and often have captions and citations (although if there are links in the caption they may need to be removed or redirected to wikipedia) OR if you cant find the image you want look and browse from here http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photographs

Also remember the focus is quality not quantity, write as much as you think others will want to read. --Paul James (talk) 19:27, 2 March 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cultural Anthropology


text:
Talk:How To Build a Pinewood Derby Car/Tools

This is a bunch of crap. The kids are supposed to make the car. You show $8k worth of tools there!!!!! (unsigned by 72.224.35.94 from Herndon VA)

 * Not by a long shot. Hub tool = $10; Wheel shaver = $35; axle press = $16; Body too; $12, Wheel polish = $10; Micromesh sandpaper = $10; Rotary tool (already had it) = $100; bench vise (had it) = $20, metal polish (had it for years) $3. So that's about $220 and $120 of that is general tools. I spent twice that for helmets and pads last fall. My sons helped straighten and polish the axles but I did the wheel shaving since that involves a razor blade. I also helped another dad and his son (who had been disappointed in previous years) with their car. My son took first and the scout I helped took second (beating my other son). All cars ran fast and no scout (including tiger) had a disappointing "lemon". Priceless. --Kkmurray (talk) 23:29, 7 February 2008 (UTC)


text: User talk:75.38.223.112

title: User talk:75.38.223.112


text: User talk:198.22.123.104

title: User talk:198.22.123.104


text:
User talk:Prabath

Welcome!
Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 05:05, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Prabath


text:
User:Pjetter/monobook.js

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// User:Dschwen/highlightredirects.js - please include this line document.write(' ');

// This script color-codes lines according to who has the top contribution for a page. // $(function {  if((location.href.indexOf("Special:Contributions")!=-1||      location.href.indexOf("Special%3AContributions")!=-1) &&location.href.indexOf("&Londenp")==-1&&location.href.indexOf("?Londenp")==-1) {    var i,li,a;    li=document.getElementById("bodyContent");    //li.getElementsByTagName("ul")[0].tagName="ol";    li=li.getElementsByTagName("li");    i=-1;    a=new Array;    while(++i0)        s="#CCCCFF";      else        s="#FFCCCC";      if(a[t]!=undefined) s=(a[t]=="#CCCCFF"?"#CCFFFF":"#FFFFCC"); else a[t]=s;      li[i].innerHTML=""+li[i].innerHTML+"";    }  } }); //

title: User:Pjetter/monobook.js


text:
User:Pjetter/monobook.css

/*Dit zorgt ervoor dat het logo van wikipedia verdwijnt: meer plaats op de side-bar + nog enige zaken die ik niet wil zien*/ li#f-copyright,             /*De copyrightmelding in de footer                                 */ li#f-lastmod,               /*De melding wanneer de pagina het laatst is gewijzigd             */ {display: none; }
 * 1) column-one { padding-top: 0em; }
 * 2) p-logo,                    /*Het wikipedia-logo linksboven                                    */
 * 1) editpage-copywarn,         /*Die melding over copyrightschending ---> Ik weet het nu wel      */
 * 2) editpage-copywarn2,        /*Die melding over copyrightschending ---> Ik weet het nu wel      */
 * 3) n-sitesupport,             /*Ik draag bij wanneer ik wil en heb die link niet nodig           */
 * 4) n-categories,              /*Categorieën gebruik ik bijna nooit als ingang                    */
 * 5) n-index,                   /*De index van artikelen gebruik ik nooit                          */
 * 6) n-currentevents,           /*In het nieuws                                                    */
 * 7) t-upload,                  /*Uploaden doe ik op commons, dat heb ik hier niet nodig           */
 * 8) p-navigation h5,           /*Het kopje navigatie                                              */
 * 9) p-navigation2 h5,          /*Het kopje informati                                              */
 * 10) p-tb h5,                   /*Het kopje boven het hulpmiddelenblok                             */
 * 11) p-search h5,               /*Het kopje boven zoeken                                           */
 * 12) p-lang h5,                 /*Het kopje boven interwikilinks                                   */
 * 13) p-rev h5                   /*JePe recente bewerkingen kopje uitgeschakeld                     */

li#pt-userpage              /*Dat icoontje voor je gebruikersnaam weg                          */ { background: none }

.printfooter {display:none;} /*Hiermee verdwijnt de onderste regel als je iets van Wikipedia print*/ /*-*/
 * 1) footer {display:none;}     /*Hiermee verdwijnt de onderste regel (footer)                     */

/*De link naar kleine pagina's (meestal dp's) donkergeel in plaats van bruin. Handig!! */ a.stub { text-decoration: none; color: #DAA520; }

title: User:Pjetter/monobook.css


text:
Tagalog/Conjunctions

'''Pangatnig – ang tawag sa mga katagang nag-uugnay sa magkasunod '

1. Nag-uugnay ng dalawang magkatimbang na salita, parirala, o sugnay na kapwa makatatayong mag-isa.

Hal. at, saka, o, pati, ni, maging, ngunit, subalit, datapwat, pero, atb.

At, saka, pati – ginagamit kung nais lamang nating idagdag o isingit ang ikalawang salita o parirala o sugnay sa nauuna.

Hal. Masustansyang pagkain ang prutas at gulay.

O, ni, at maging - tinatawag na mga pangatnig na pamukod sa dahilang pinagbubukod nito ang mga kaisipang ating pinag-uugnay

Hal. Nisaktan, nipagalitan ay hindi ko ginawa sa iyo.

Ngunit, subalit, datapwat, bagamat, at pero – ay tinatawag na mga pangatnig na panalungat. Sinasalungat ng ikalawang kaisipan ang ipinahahayag ng nauuna.wa oi

Hal. Bata pa si Red subalit siya’y responsable na.

2. nag-uugnay ng di-magkatimbang na salita, parirala, o sugnay.

v     Kung, kapag, pag, dahil sa, sapagkat, palibhasa, kaya, kung gayon, at sana

Kung, kapag, at pag – pangatnig na panubali.

Hal. Uuwi ako kapag kasama ka. Dahil sa, sapagkat, palibhasa – nagpapakilala ng sanhi o dahilan; Tinatawag na mga pangatnig na pananhi

Hal. Palibhasa’y matalino, hindi nag-aaral sa Ben.

Kaya, kung gayon at sana – mga pangatnig na panlinaw;

0 ginagamit upang bigyang –diin o linaw ang kaisipang hatid ng

sugnay na di-makapag-iisa. Hal. Kung nag-aral ako, hindi sana ako bumagsak

^ Table of Contents ^ | <>

title: Tagalog/Conjunctions


text:
Futurebasic/Language/Reference/template

= Layout Template (remove this line) =

Statement Function Operator or Other? (update the checkmarks below)
✔ χ Appearance ✔ χ Standard ✔ χ Console

Syntax
code syntax goes here and is pre-formatted (plain text)

Revised
Date & release (remove the Revised section if no date)

Description
Description goes here.

Example
Sample code goes here (remove the Example section if no sample code)

title: Futurebasic/Language/Reference/template


text: User talk:Ctweardy

title: User talk:Ctweardy


text:
Goats/Kidding

Goats kid after a 150 day gestation, usually at night. Immediately before kidding, the udders become quite hard, and the doe will "nest" in part of the barn, shunning the company of the other goats and often chasing them off.

During labor, the doe makes a distinct grunting noise.

First-time dams sometimes resist nursing. If the doe refuses to let the kids nurse, try holding her and talking to calm her down. If she hasn't allowed the kids to nurse for over an hour, tie her or put her in the milkstand and put the kids under the teats while holding the back legs down. Once she starts nursing, most does will adjust quickly.

If temperatures are below freezing in the barn, be sure to dry the kids' ears, since they are the most vulnerable to freezing. In very cold weather, provide a hot water bottle, wrapped in a towel, in a sheltered spot for them to sleep. If the barn is drafty, put the water bottle in a large cardboard box: preferably large enough to accommodate the dam as well.

To check if the kids are nursing, put a finger in its mouth. If the mouth is warm or hot, the kid has nursed. If the mouth is cold, it may be necessary to milk an ounce or two from the doe and bottle feed the kid either in the house or while holding it inside your jacket to bring its body temperature up. Give any leftover milk to the dam.

Keep the dam and kids in a separate pen. The dam will let you know when she is ready for the company of the other goats. As a rule, keep the dam and kids out of the herd for at least 2 days.

Be prepared with fresh straw to renew the pack after kidding.

As soon as the kids can stand, dip the umbilical cord in iodine solution or calendula infusion to sterilize and speed drying.

If the kid(s) favor one teat, milk out the other teat to keep them even, in order to avoid mastitis. This milk will have a high colostrum content, so freeze it for use the following year if a doe is having trouble producing early milk. Label these by days from birth, and use them in that order the following year if necessary. Dispose of after 1 year.

Goats can be weaned after 10 weeks.

title: Goats/Kidding


text:
Cookbook talk:Shakshuka II

Some tomato paste helps the consistancy. Red pepper flakes help the fire. And canned tomatoes are often superior at certain times of the year than fresh. This is certainly not a dish to make with pink tomatoes.

title: Cookbook talk:Shakshuka II


text: User talk:207.191.191.20

title: User talk:207.191.191.20


text:
User talk:62.244.178.194

-- Herby talk thyme 15:19, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:62.244.178.194


text:
Futurebasic/Language/conversion

Both FB and FBtoC are capable of utilizing several different ways to locate files and folders including: FSSpecs, FSRefs, CFURLRefs and POSIX paths.

At times a programmer has a need to convert between the formats. The Carbon Toolbox—understood by both FB and FBtoC—offers several functions to expedite such conversions. They include:

FSpMakeFSRef:    Convert an FSSpec to an FSRef  (Deprecated since OS X 10.5) FSGetCatalogInfo: Convert an FSRef to an FSSpec (For legacy code) FSPathMakeRef:   Convert a POSIX file path to an FSRef FSRefMakePath:   Convert an FSRef to an POSIX file path CFURLGetFSRef:   Convert a CFURLRef to an FSRef CFURLCreateFromFSRef   : Convert an FSRef to a CFURLRef CFURLCopyFileSystemPath : Convert a CFURLRef to POSIX Path CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath : Convert a POSIX path to CFURLRef

(Source code examples and more discussion to follow)

4d69 646e 6967 6874

0100 0011 0110 1111 0110 0100 0110 0101 0111 0010 0010 0000 0010 0000 0010 0000

title: Futurebasic/Language/conversion


text:
User talk:67.52.164.132

Blocked
Play elsewhere please -- Herby talk thyme 15:57, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

 * For the next blocking admin (& there will be one) it should be in months next time, extensive block log on en wp -- Herby talk thyme 15:58, 22 February 2008 (UTC)

 * whois: DESERT-SANDS-UNIFIED-SCHOOL-DISTRICT. Webaware talk 23:00, 19 March 2008 (UTC)

In yer ass! And another thing; I can see your PC's. Want them to die?

title: User talk:67.52.164.132


text: User talk:216.54.49.242

title: User talk:216.54.49.242


text:
Radiation Oncology/Head & Neck/Protons

Proton Therapy in Head & Neck Cancers

General

 * Tsukuba; 2004 (1983-2000) PMID 14762662 -- "Proton therapy for head and neck malignancies at Tsukuba." (Tokuuye K, Strahlenther Onkol. 2004 Feb;180(2):96-101.)
 * Retrospective. 33 patients with H&N malignancies, no surgery. Oral papillomatosis 12%, T1-2N0 21%, 67% locally advanced. Treated with protons +/- photons (depending on beam availability). Median dose 76 Gy, median proton dose 2.8 Gy/fraction.
 * Outcome: 5-year LC 74%, 5-year OS 44%
 * Toxicity: Grade 3+ acute 3%, late 18%
 * Conclusion: High local control, with few toxicities compared with conventional RT. However, late toxicity if prior significant RT

Specific Sites

 * Nasopharynx
 * Sinonasal tumors
 * Adenoid cystic
 * Oropharynx

Treatment Planning

 * Paul Scherrer Institute
 * 2006 PMID 16916557 -- "Intensity modulated photon and proton therapy for the treatment of head and neck tumors." (Steneker M, Radiother Oncol. 2006 Aug;80(2):263-7. Epub 2006 Aug 17.)
 * Treatment planning. 5 patients, comparison of IMPT (3, 5, 9 fields and 2 spot sizes) and IMRT (5, 9 fields)
 * Outcome: Critical organs best spared using 3-field IMPT. Little advantage to more fields, but advantage to smaller spot size.
 * Conclusion: IMPT better ability to spare organs at risk than IMRT for the same dose homogeneity
 * 2001 PMID 11730999 -- "A treatment planning comparison of 3D conformal therapy, intensity modulated photon therapy and proton therapy for treatment of advanced head and neck tumours." (Cozzi L, Radiother Oncol. 2001 Dec;61(3):287-97.)
 * Treatment planning. 5 patients, comparison of conventional photon/electron plan, 3D-CRT, IMRT, and proton therapy. PTV 54 Gy.
 * Outcome: PTV coverage for all techniques but conventional photon/electron plan; protons improved dose homogeneity. For spinal cord and parotid, proton best sparing; IMRT plans superior to 3D-CRT and conventional plans, but inferior to proton plans.
 * Conclusion: IMRT and protons have potential to reduce toxicity over conventional RT

Review

 * MAASTRO; 2010 PMID 20817407 -- "Systematic review and meta-analysis of radiotherapy in various head and neck cancers: Comparing photons, carbon-ions and protons." (Ramaekers BL, Cancer Treat Rev. 2010 Sep 1. [Epub ahead of print])
 * Systematic review. 86 observational studies (74 photon, 5 carbon, 7 proton), 8 comparative in-silico studies
 * Outcome: 5-year OS higher after carbon ion for mucusal melanoma compared to photons (44% vs 25%, SS). 5-year LC higher for carbon compared with IMRT for paranasal/sinonasal tumors (88% vs 66%, SS). No other significant comparisons
 * Conclusion: Overall quality and quantity of data regarding carbon and proton therapy is poor

 * Harvard; 2008 PMID 18493920 -- "Proton radiation therapy for head and neck cancer." (Chan AW, J Surg Oncol. 2008 Jun 15;97(8):697-700.)

 * Review; 2006 PMID 16804876 -- "Particle beam radiotherapy for head and neck tumors: radiobiological basis and clinical experience." (Jereczek-Fossa, Head Neck. 2006 Aug;28(8):750-60.)

Charged Particles

 * Chiba
 * 2008 PMID 18769999 -- "Comparative study of dose distribution between carbon ion radiotherapy and photon radiotherapy for head and neck tumor." (Amirul Islam, Radiat Med. 2008 Aug;26(7):415-21. Epub 2008 Sep 4.)
 * Treatment planning. 7 patients originally treated with carbon ion (sinonasal tumors). Carbon ion (CIRT) vs. 3D-CRT vs. IMRT.
 * Outcome: Mean conformity index 3D-CRT 1.46, IMRT 1.43, CIRT 1.22. Photon plans greater volumes of normal tissue at 10-95% isodose
 * Conclusion: Carbon ion has potential to improve target dose conformity, inhomogeneity and OAR sparing
 * 2004 (1994-1997) PMID 15380567 -- "Dose escalation study of carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced head-and-neck cancer." (Mizoe JE, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Oct 1;60(2):358-64.)
 * Phase I/II. 36 patients, locally advanced H&N. Group A: 18 fractions (48.6/18 GyE to 70.2/18 GyE). Group B: 16 fractions (52.8/16 to 64/16). Endpoint erythema and mucositis. Median F/U 7.5 years
 * Outcome: MTD 70.2/18 (1/2 patients Grade 3 acute toxicity) and 64/16 (2/3 patients Grade 3 acute toxicity). 5-year LC 75%, better with non-squamous tumors including adenoid cystic and melanoma
 * Conclusoin: Carbon ion will deliver high local control without unacceptable toxicity

 * Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
 * 1994 (1977-1992) PMID 8040010 -- "Experience in charged particle irradiation of tumors of the skull base: 1977-1992." (Castro JR, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1994 Jul 1;29(4):647-55.)
 * Retrospective. 233 patients treated with charged particles. Tumors arising/extending to skull base. Arising: Chordoma 24%, chondrosarcoma 12%, meningioma 12%, other 9%; Extending: salivary glands 20%, nasopharynx 14%, paranasal sinuses 10%. Mean dose 65 GyE. Median F/U 4.2 years
 * Outcome: 5-year LC meningioma 85%, chondrosarcoma 78%, chordoma 63%
 * Conclusion: Charged particle therapy effective in controlling skull base lesions
 * 1988 PMID 3350726 -- "Charged particle radiotherapy of selected tumors in the head and neck." (Castro JR, Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1988 Apr;14(4):711-20.)
 * Retrospective. 98 patients, H&N. Mean F/U 3 years
 * Outcome: 2-year LC non-squamous 60%, squamous 35%

title: Radiation Oncology/Head & Neck/Protons


text:
User:Sokkruteez

nothing yet

title: User:Sokkruteez


text:
Topfield 5800/Troubleshooting/USB invalid char

The Toppy can name recording files using characters that are not allowed on a Windows PC. Any one of these is likely to cause problems: \ / : * ? " < > | Simplistic tools like Altair may fail to retrieve such files, but often this failure won't occur until the whole contents of the file have been transferred, making it a particularly annoying problem. If you get one of the following types of error then check the filename for the above characters:
 * A 0 byte file following an apparently successful transfer.
 * "Cannot copy the selected file. Already used in the other process or unknown error occurred" (in a standard Windows error box).

The solution is to either use a better tool (like TopSet or an FTP setup), or rename the file on the Toppy before transferring it:

 * 1) Select the recording in native Archive
 * 2) Press the Blue button to select "Options"
 * 3) Select "Rename"
 * 4) Press Up to select the filename part
 * 5) Press Right repeatedly until the first "bad" character is highlighted
 * 6) Press Red to delete that character
 * 7) Repeat from 5 if necessary.

0 Byte files have also been reported associated with faulty USB cables and paticularly active USB extenders here


text:
User talk:89.43.112.56

Thanks for your update!
 * -)--Rudolf (talk) 19:52, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:89.43.112.56


text:
Futurebasic/Language/Reference/circle

statement
✔ Appearance ✔  Standard ✔ Console

Syntax
CIRCLE [ FILL ] x, y, radius [ { TO | PLOT} startAngle, angleSize]

Description
Draws a circle, an arc or a wedge in the current foreground color, pen pattern and pen size. If a circle or wedge is drawn using the  keyword, the circle or wedge will be filled with the current pen pattern. When used in combination with the  statement,   can be used to draw ellipses and elliptical arcs and wedges.

If the current  is set to 0,0 (the default), then   behaves as follows:

If only the,  , and   parameters are specified, then a complete circle is drawn, with its center at point  and having a radius of   pixels.

If the  keyword is specified, then a wedge (two radii plus an arc) is drawn. The first radius is drawn in the orientation specified by, which is measured in units of "brads" (see below). Angles are measured counterclockwise starting from the "3-o'clock" position, which corresponds to zero brads. The  parameter specifies the angular width of the wedge (also in brads); the wedge always extends counterclockwise from the   position. Note that the width of the "wedge" may be greater than a half-circle, in which case the "wedge" looks more like a Pac-Man.

If the  keyword is specified, then an arc is drawn without any radii. The position and size of the arc are the same as when the  keyword is specified. If both the  keyword and the   keyword are specified, then the   command does nothing.

"Brads" are an angular unit in which a full circle corresponds to 256 brads. A brad is therefore slightly larger than a degree (to be exact, it's 360/256 of a degree). A half circle therefore equals 128 brads, and a right angle equals 64 brads.

Example
CD Example: CIRCLE.BAS

"FB Lite" behavior: When you use the "FB Lite" runtime,  always switches to the Graphics Window before drawing. You can't use  to draw a circles and arcs in the Text Window, or on the printer; use the Toolbox procedures ,   or   instead. Alternatively, you can activate the graphics window and select Print from the File menu.

Note
If you use values outside the range 0..255 for  and/or , then values modulo 256 will be used.

title: Futurebasic/Language/Reference/circle


text: User talk:172.142.12.112

title: User talk:172.142.12.112


text:
Erlang Programming/List Comprehensions

Intro to Comprehensions
A list comprehension is a mathematical way to construct a list. To do list comprehension we have to use a new operator "<-", "taken from".

L = [ X*X || X <- [1,2,3,4] ].

English translation is: build a list L, with elements that have the value X*X, such that X is taken from the list [1,2,3,4]. It gives the output:

[1,4,9,16]

Notice that this is similar to

lists:map(fun(X) -> X*X end, [1,2,3,4])

In fact, list comprehension provides a shorthand notation for most of the functions in the lists module.

Simple Comprehensions
You can use them to solve equations.

L = [ {X,Y} || X <- [1,2,3,4], Y <- [1,2,3,4], X*X == Y].

output:

[ {1,1}, {2,4} ]

Lists version
Can you figure out the lists functions used in the above comprehension ?

How about

F = fun(X, Y) -> lists:filter(fun({X0, Y0}) -> X0 * X0 == Y0 end,     lists:reverse( lists:foldl(fun(E, Acc) ->              lists:zip(lists:duplicate(length(Y), E), Y) ++ Acc            end, [], X))) end. F([1,2,3,4], [1,2,3,4]).

That is 5 functions in one succinct line. For the remainder of the examples take some time and find the corresponding lists functions that do the same thing.

Permutations
Here we flip two coins: [ [X]++[Y] || X<-"HT", Y<-"HT"].

Note: strings are lists in erlang. all combinations are: output: ["HH","HT","TH","TT"]

Intermediate list comprehensions
An important use of List Comprehensions is to help translate Prolog-like statements into Erlang. [Why is this "important"?]

1- Erlang is a functional language designed for message passing (MIMD) parallel processing. Prolog is designed for logic programming. Sometimes a problem is most easily defined as a logical set of constraints on some set of data. If one thinks logically or thinks in constraints, or thinks in prolog, this style of list comprehensions can be a helpful way to do your tasks in erlang. There exist many useful solutions in prolog that can be moved to erlang via list comprehensions. 2- Constraint programming and logic programming are considered a higher level way to program than functions, and hence, are a good way to save you time and increase terseness.

Warning: constraint and logic based programs can be harder to debug because strict step by step actions are hidden and delegated to the list comprehension engine. Order of constraints in erlang list comprehensions can affect the output. Order dependence of constraints can be a non-intuitive distraction.

Note: in general, using huge numbers of atoms is not a good idea as they are never garbage collected.

-module(think). % -compile(export_all). %                             % male(adam) -> true;          % male(seth) -> true; male(cain) -> true; male(abel) -> true; male(noah) -> true; male(_X) -> false. % female(eve) -> true; female(_X) -> false. % parent(adam,cain) -> true; parent(adam,abel) -> true; parent(eve,cain) -> true; parent(eve,abel) -> true; parent(noah,shem) -> true; parent(_X,_Y) -> false. % people -> [ adam, shem, cain, abel, eve, noah ]. % father_of -> [ {X,Y} || X <- people, Y <- people, parent(X,Y), male(X) ]. mother_of -> [ {X,Y} || X <- people, Y <- people, parent(X,Y), female(X) ].

compile with c(think). and generate output with: 17> think:father_of ++ think:mother_of. [{adam,cain},{adam,abel},{noah,shem},{eve,cain},{eve,abel}]

Advanced List Comprehensions
Example with quicksort in 7 lines.

-module(sort). -compile(export_all). % classic way to show off erlang terseness. qsort([]) -> []; qsort([H | T]) -> qsort([ X || X <- T, X < H ]) ++ [H] ++ qsort([ X || X <- T, X >= H ]).

% sample output: % % sort:qsort([1,5,3,7,6,8,9,4]). %  [1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

(Btw: This isn't actually "quicksort," as you'd want to use it, because it uses more memory than necessary, and doesn't get the VM page/cache benefits of an in-place quicksort. But it's neat nevertheless!)

Exercises
1) Write a program using list comprehension that finds the integer solutions {X,Y} for a circle of radius 5.

Solutions
1) -module( solve_circle). -export( [start/0] ).                                                   % numbers -> lists:seq(-5,5).                                                   % start -> [ {X,Y} ||                    X <- numbers,                    Y <- numbers,                    X*X + Y*Y == 25 ].                                                    % % ================================================ % % sample output % 11> solve_circle:start. % [{-5,0}, {-4,-3}, {-4,3}, {-3,-4},  %  {-3,4}, {0,-5}, {0,5}, {3,-4}, %  {3,4}, {4,-3}, {4,3}, {5,0}]

title: Erlang Programming/List Comprehensions


text:
Photography Equipment/Lenses

Overview of lenses

Specific lenses

 * Canon
 * Wide-angle
 * Standard
 * Telephoto
 * Canon special-purpose
 * Macro
 * Tilt-Shift

 * Nikon
 * Wide-angle
 * Standard
 * Telephoto
 * Nikon special-purpose
 * Macro
 * Perspective Correction and Tilt-Shift

title: Photography Equipment/Lenses


text:
Photography Equipment/Lenses/Canon standard

A standard lens is a general-purpose lens, which captures the middle of the focal length range. These can be a normal lens (standard prime), or a standard zoom, often the kit lens.

Some common recommendations follow.

 * General Purpose Canon Lenses (from The-Digital-Picture)

APS-C
Canon's small sensor cameras mostly use a 1.6x crop factor (except for the 1D series, which is 1.3), so a normal lens would be 50mm/1.6 = 31.25mm, and focal lengths for standard zooms are correspondingly shorter than on full frame standard zooms.

Standard Zoom
Kit lenses
 * Canon EF-S 18-55mm: kit on Rebel series, considered very soft
 * FF FOV equivalent of 29-88mm, EF-S analog of Canon EF 28-90mm

 * Canon EF-S 17-85mm IS USM: kit on 30D, 40D
 * FF FOV equivalent of 27-136mm, EF-S analog of Canon EF 28-135mm
 * (The-Digital-Picture review) (Bob Atkins review)

Non-kit lenses
 * Canon EF-S 17-55mm ($1,300) excellent standard lens
 * FF FOV equivalent of 27-88mm
 * Notable features: high-quality glass (similar to L series, though lower build quality), and at f/2.8, quite fast for a zoom.
 * (Philip Greenspun Review at photo.net) (Fred Miranda Review) (The-Digital-Picture.com Review) (dpreview.com Review)

Standard Prime
A normal lens on a 1.6x crop factor camera would be about 31mm. Canon doesn't make a prime lens at this point, but does make some EF wide-angle lenses that can work. Others instead suggest the Sigma 30mm f/1.4 as the best prime normal lens for Canon APS-C cameras.
 * Canon EF 28mm: f/2.8, f/1.8
 * Canon EF 35mm: f/2 ($200); f/1.4 L USM ($1,100)
 * Sigma 30mm f/1.4 for Canon ($400)
 * Recommended by Philip Greenspun at photo.net.

Standard Zoom

 * Canon EF 28-135mm

Standard Prime

 * a Canon EF 50mm: (Comparison of Canon 50mm lenses, at The-Digital-Picture) (Other comparison, at photo.net)
 * 50/1.8 II is high quality and excellent value ($75),
 * 50/1.4 is more expensive ($300) but widely praised,
 * and 50/1.2 is very expensive ($1,300) but very fast.


text:
Photography Equipment/Lenses/Overview

Standard Lenses
As a standard lens, most commonly people use the zoom lens that is included with the DSLR body (called the kit lens). Indeed, many people use no other lenses, and thus reap relatively little benefit from a DSLR. Others decry this practice and suggest instead that one use a (prime) normal lens.

title: Photography Equipment/Lenses/Overview