text:
Talk:Horticulture/Lactuca

Wikipedia species list:

Species

 * Lactuca abyssinica : (Ethiopia)
 * Lactuca acanthifolia : (Crete)
 * Lactuca acanthifolia f. amorgina
 * Lactuca acanthifolia f. integrifolia : (Greece, Turkey)
 * Lactuca aculeata : (Asia Minor)
 * Lactuca acuminata
 * Lactuca adenophora : (Armenia)
 * Lactuca alabamensis : (North America)
 * Lactuca alatipes : (India)
 * Lactuca albiflora : (Japan)
 * Lactuca alliariaefolia : (Korea)
 * Lactuca alpina : (Europe)
 * Lactuca altaica : (Altai Mountains)
 * Lactuca amagawaensis : (Japan)
 * Lactuca ambigua : (Europe)
 * Lactuca amoena : (China)
 * Lactuca amorgina : (Greece)
 * Lactuca andongensis : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca angulata : (North America)
 * Lactuca × aogashimaensis : (Japan)
 * Lactuca arabica : (Arabian peninsula)
 * Lactuca atlantica : (Algeria)
 * Lactuca atropurpurea : (China)
 * Lactuca attenuata : (Congo)
 * Lactuca auriculata : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca axillaris : (North America)
 * Lactuca azerbaijanica : (Iran)
 * Lactuca balmesi : (Spain)
 * Lactuca bauhini : (France)
 * Lactuca benthamii : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca biauriculata : (Korea)
 * Lactuca biennis : Tall Blue Lettuce, Wild Blue Lettuce
 * Lactuca blinii : (Korea)
 * Lactuca boranensis
 * Lactuca brachyrrhyncha (North America, Mexico)
 * Lactuca brachyrhyncha : (China)
 * Lactuca brassicaefolia : (Iran)
 * Lactuca brevirostris : (East Asia)
 * Lactuca calophylla : (East Africa)
 * Lactuca campestris
 * Lactuca canadensis : Canada Lettuce, Florida Blue Lettuce, Wild Lettuce (North America)
 * Lactuca canadensis var. albocaerulea (North America)
 * Lactuca canadensis f. angustata (North America)
 * Lactuca canadensis var. angustifolia (NE USA)
 * Lactuca canadensis f. angustipes (NE USA)
 * Lactuca canadensis var. canadensis : Canada Lettuce
 * Lactuca canadensis var. elongata
 * Lactuca canadensis f. exauriculata (NE USA)
 * Lactuca canadensis var. laciniata : (NE USA)
 * Lactuca canadensis var. latifolia : (NE USA)
 * Lactuca canadensis var. montana : (North America)
 * Lactuca canadensis var. spinulosa : (North America)
 * Lactuca canadensis f. stenopoda : (North America)
 * Lactuca canadensis f. villicaulis : (SE USA)
 * Lactuca canescens : (Turkestan)
 * Lactuca capensis : (South Africa)
 * Lactuca cataonica : (Asia Minor)
 * Lactuca cavaleriei : (China)
 * Lactuca chelidonifolia : (Japan)
 * Lactuca chondrillaeflora : (Southern Europe)
 * Lactuca clarkei  : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca coerulea : (Austria)
 * Lactuca cooperi : (India)
 * Lactuca cornigera : (Morocco)
 * Lactuca corymbosa: (Congo)
 * Lactuca crambifolia : (Turkestan)
 * Lactuca crassifolia : (Socotra)
 * Lactuca crepidioides : (China)
 * Lactuca cretica : (Crete)
 * Lactuca deasyi : (China)
 * Lactuca debilis : (Japan)
 * Lactuca decorticata : (Mediterranean)
 * Lactuca deggeleriana : (Switzerland)
 * Lactuca deltoidea : (Caucasus)
 * Lactuca denticulata : (Japan)
 * Lactuca dissecta : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca diversifolia : (China)
 * Lactuca dracoglossa : (Japan)
 * Lactuca dregeana : (South Africa)
 * Lactuca dubyaea : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca dunlapii : (Cameroun)
 * Lactuca eburnea : (Rhodos)
 * Lactuca edelbergii : (Afghanistan)
 * Lactuca elgonensis : (Uganda)
 * Lactuca elongata
 * Lactuca erythrocarpa  : (China)
 * Lactuca fischeriana : (Siberia)
 * Lactuca fistulosa : (North America)
 * Lactuca flavissima : (China)
 * Lactuca floridana : Florida Lettuce, Woodland Lettuce
 * Lactuca forrestii : (China)
 * Lactuca forsteniana  : (Sulawesi)
 * Lactuca funebris : (China)
 * Lactuca georgica : (Georgia, Caucasus)
 * Lactuca gilletii : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca glabra : (China)
 * Lactuca glandulifera  : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca glareosa : (China)
 * Lactuca glauciifolia  : (Iran)
 * Lactuca gombalana : (China)
 * Lactuca goraeensis : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca gracilipetiolata  : (Myanmar)
 * Lactuca graeca : (Greece)
 * Lactuca graminifolia : Grass-leaf Lettuce, Grassleaf Lettuce (SE USA)
 * Lactuca graminifolia var. arizonica : (Arizona, Texas, New Mexico)
 * Lactuca graminifolia var. mexicana  : (Mexico, Guatemala)
 * Lactuca grandicolla  : (Japan)
 * Lactuca grenieri : (France)
 * Lactuca grosii : (Spain)
 * Lactuca haimanniana : (North Africa)
 * Lactuca hallaisanensis ; (Korea)
 * Lactuca henryi : (China)
 * Lactuca herbanica : (Canary Islands)
 * Lactuca heyneana : (India)
 * Lactuca hirsuta : Hairy Lettuce (NE USA)
 * Lactuca hirsuta f. calvifolia : (NE USA)
 * Lactuca hirsuta var. genuina
 * Lactuca hirsuta f. indivisa : (SE USA)
 * Lactuca hispida : (Asia Minor)
 * Lactuca hoatiensis : (Korea)
 * Lactuca holophylla : (Nigeria)
 * Lactuca homblei  : (Congo)
 * Lactuca humilis : (Ethiopia)
 * Lactuca imbricata : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca × impura : (Morocco)
 * Lactuca indica : Indian Lettuce
 * Lactuca inermis : (Arabian peninsula)
 * Lactuca integra : (Philippines)
 * Lactuca integrifolia : (North America)
 * Lactuca intricata : (Asia Minor)
 * Lactuca intricatissima : (Afghanistan)
 * Lactuca intybacea : (Nicaragua)
 * Lactuca jamaicensis : (Caribbean)
 * Lactuca japonica : (Japan)
 * Lactuca kanitziana : (Borneo)
 * Lactuca kashmiriana : (India)
 * Lactuca kawaguchii : (Tibet)
 * Lactuca keiskeana : (Japan)
 * Lactuca kenyaensis : (Kenya)
 * Lactuca khorasanica : (Iran)
 * Lactuca klossii : (SE Asia)
 * Lactuca koelzii : (Afghanistan)
 * Lactuca kossinskyi : (Siberia)
 * Lactuca kossmatii : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca kouyangensis : (China)
 * Lactuca lacerrima : (China)
 * Lactuca lactucarii : (France)
 * Lactuca lahulensis : (India)
 * Lactuca lamii : (New Guinea)
 * Lactuca lebrunii : (Congo)
 * Lactuca leptocephala : (Congo)
 * Lactuca lessertiana : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca leucoclada : (Afghanistan)
 * Lactuca longespicata : (Congo)
 * Lactuca lignea : (China)
 * Lactuca longifolia : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca longirostra : (Japan)
 * Lactuca ludoviciana : Biannual Lettuce, Louisiana Lettuce, Wild Lettuce (NW America)
 * Lactuca luzonica : (Philippines)
 * Lactuca macrophylla : (North America)
 * Lactuca macrorhiza : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca macroseris : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca maculata
 * Lactuca malaissei : (Congo)
 * Lactuca maritima : (North America)
 * Lactuca marunguensis : (Congo)
 * Lactuca massaviensis : (NE Africa, Arabia)
 * Lactuca matsumurae : (Japan)
 * Lactuca microcephala : (Asia Minor)
 * Lactuca microsperma : (New Guinea)
 * Lactuca morssii : Morss' Lettuce (NE USA)
 * Lactuca mulgedioides : (Kurdistan)
 * Lactuca mulsanti : (Spain)
 * Lactuca multipes : (China)
 * Lactuca muralis : (Europe)
 * Lactuca mwinilungensis : (Zambia)
 * Lactuca nakaiana : (Korea)
 * Lactuca nana : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca napifera : (China)
 * Lactuca numidica : (Algeria)
 * Lactuca nummularifolia : (Korea)
 * Lactuca nuristanica : (Afghanistan)
 * Lactuca oblongifolia : (North America)
 * Lactuca orientalis : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca ovatifolia : (North America)
 * Lactuca pakistanica : (Pakistan)
 * Lactuca pallidicoerulea : (South Africa)
 * Lactuca palmensis : (Canary Islands)
 * Lactuca paradoxa : (Ethiopia)
 * Lactuca parishii : (Thailand)
 * Lactuca paulayana : (Socotra)
 * Lactuca perennis : (Southern Europe)
 * Lactuca persica : (Iran)
 * Lactuca petrensis : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca picridiformis : (Pakistan)
 * Lactuca pilosa : (North America)
 * Lactuca plumieri : (France)
 * Lactuca polycephala : (India, Myanmar)
 * Lactuca polyclada : (Iran)
 * Lactuca polyphylla : (NW USA)
 * Lactuca praecox : (Zimbabwe)
 * Lactuca prattii : (China)
 * Lactuca procera
 * Lactuca procumbens : (India)
 * Lactuca prolixa : (New Guinea)
 * Lactuca pseudo-sonchus : (China)
 * Lactuca pseudoumbrella : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca pulchella (NW America)
 * Lactuca pumila : (Afghanistan)
 * Lactuca pygmaea : (Java)
 * Lactuca pyrenaica
 * Lactuca quercina : (Southern Europa, Caucasus)
 * Lactuca quercus : (Korea)
 * Lactuca querna : (Caspian Sea)
 * Lactuca racemosa : (Armenia)
 * Lactuca raddiana : (Japan)
 * Lactuca ramosissima : (France)
 * Lactuca rapunculoides : (Himalaya)
 * Lactuca rariflora : (Ethiopia)
 * Lactuca repens : (Japan)
 * Lactuca retrorsidens : (Borneo)
 * Lactuca reviersiana : (Morocco)
 * Lactuca reviersii : (Morocco)
 * Lactuca riparia : (Thailand)
 * Lactuca rogersii : (Madagascar)
 * Lactuca rosularis : (Iran)
 * Lactuca rubrolutea : (China)
 * Lactuca sagittata : (Southern Europe, Asia Minor)
 * Lactuca salehensis : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca saligna : Willow-leaf Lettuce, Willowleaf Lettuce (Europe, North Africa, Asia Minor)
 * Lactuca sanguinea
 * Lactuca sassandrensis : (Ivory Coast)
 * ../Lactuca sativa/ : Garden Lettuce, Lettuce
 * Lactuca scandens : (China)
 * Lactuca scariola : (Europe)
 * Lactuca scarioloides : (Iran)
 * Lactuca schulzeana : (Angola)
 * Lactuca schweinfurthii : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca scoparia  : (Afghanistan)
 * Lactuca semibarbata  : (Congo)
 * Lactuca senecio : (Korea)
 * Lactuca sereti : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca serratifolia : (Spain)
 * Lactuca serriola : Prickly Lettuce, China Lettuce, Wild Lettuce (Southern Europe)
 * Lactuca seticuspis : (Syria)
 * Lactuca setosa : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca sibirica : (Siberia)
 * Lactuca sonchifolia : (Europe)
 * Lactuca sonchoides : (Asia Minor)
 * Lactuca songeensis : (Tanzania)
 * Lactuca soongarica
 * Lactuca souliei : (China)
 * Lactuca spicata
 * Lactuca spinidens : (Siberia)
 * Lactuca stebbinsii  : (Angola)
 * Lactuca steelei : (North America)
 * Lactuca stenocephala  : (Nigeria)
 * Lactuca stipulata  : (Congo)
 * Lactuca stolonifera  : (Japan)
 * Lactuca sylvatica : (NW USA)
 * Lactuca taitoensis : (China)
 * Lactuca taliiensis : (China)
 * Lactuca taquetii : (Korea)
 * Lactuca taraxacifolia : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca taraxacum : (Korea)
 * Lactuca tatarica : Blue Lettuce, Chickory Lettuce, Russian Blue Lettuce (Asia, India)
 * Lactuca tenerrima : (Southern Europe, Morocco)
 * Lactuca terrae-novae : Newfoundland Lettuce (Newfoundland)
 * Lactuca tetrantha : (Cyprus)
 * Lactuca thibetica : (China)
 * Lactuca thirionni : (China)
 * Lactuca thunbergii : (Japan)
 * Lactuca tinctociliata : (Angola)
 * Lactuca tricostata : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca trifida : (China)
 * Lactuca triquetra : (Syria)
 * Lactuca tsarongensis : (Tibet)
 * Lactuca tuberosa : (Guinea)
 * Lactuca ugandensis : (Congo, Uganda)
 * Lactuca umbellata : (New Guinea)
 * Lactuca undulata var. albicaulis  : (China)
 * Lactuca vanderysti : (Congo)
 * Lactuca vanensis : (Armenia)
 * Lactuca vaniotii : (Korea)
 * Lactuca varianii : (Angola)
 * Lactuca verdickii : (tropical Africa)
 * Lactuca villosa
 * Lactuca viminea: (Mediterranean)
 * Lactuca virosa: Wild Lettuce, Bitter Lettuce (Europe)
 * Lactuca visianii : (Europe)
 * Lactuca wallichiana : (Afghanistan, Nepal)
 * Lactuca watsoniana : (Azores)
 * Lactuca welwitschii : (Madagascar, Angola)
 * Lactuca wilhelmsiana : (Armenia)
 * Lactuca yemensis : (Arabian peninsula)
 * Lactuca zambeziaca : (Angola, Zambia)

title: Talk:Horticulture/Lactuca


text:
User talk:71.97.2.124

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Jim Thomas (aka Jomegat) 15:24, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:71.97.2.124


text:
Talk:Paint.NET/Tools

=News on this page= Well, I got all of the tool icons on the page. Now I'm trying to create a navigator tool window. Your supposed to be able to click on the tool that you want to learn about and it takes you to the part of the page about it, but that isn't happening. The # symbol doesn't appear on the url. --UsedHONDA 15:48, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Paint.NET/Tools


text:
WebObjects/EOF/Using EOF/Breaking EOF

You may be seeing problems like these in your application:

''I've run into a rather nasty little problem after making some changes to my app recently. The problem never showed in testing and is difficult to contrive (which is the nasty bit). After an arbitrary and large number of requests, an arbitrary and small proportion of fetches fail. That is to say that some fetches give an object whose properties are all null. For example I wish to fetch a Member with username 'x'. I use a named EOFetchSpecification, specify the qualifier bindings and fetch my EOs.''

EOFetchSpecification fetchSpec = EOFetchSpecification.fetchSpecificationNamed("usernameFetchSpec", "Member"); fetchSpec = fetchSpec.fetchSpecificationWithQualifierBindings(new NSDictionary("x", "usernameValue")); NSArray results = ec.objectsWithFetchSpecification(fetchSpec);

I most cases I receive the expected results, but in some the first Member object in the NSArray has a null username, password, etc.

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Encountered a newly inserted EO with an owns destination relationship but no snapshot. java.lang.IllegalStateException: Encountered a newly inserted EO with an owns destination relationship but no snapshot. at com.webobjects.eocontrol.EOEditingContext._processOwnedObjects(EOEditingContext.java:2150) at com.webobjects.eocontrol.EOEditingContext._processDeletedObjects(EOEditingContext.java:2192) at com.webobjects.eocontrol.EOEditingContext._processRecentChanges(EOEditingContext.java:1744) at com.webobjects.eocontrol.EOEditingContext.processRecentChanges(EOEditingContext.java:1951) at com.webobjects.eocontrol.EOEditingContext._processObjectStoreChanges(EOEditingContext.java:3536)

java.lang.IllegalStateException: rowDiffsForAttributes: snapshot in com.webobjects.eoaccess.EODatabaseOperation { _dbSnapshot = {}; ... this = ""; }"; _globalID = _EOIntegralKeyGlobalID[DownloadLog (java.lang.Long)0]; _databaseOperator = "EODatabaseUpdateOperator"; } does not contain value for attribute named downloadDate with snapshot key: downloadDate

The stack trace is: at com.webobjects.eoaccess.EODatabaseOperation.rowDiffsForAttributes(EODatabaseOperation.java:338) at com.webobjects.eoaccess.EODatabaseContext.createAdaptorOperationsForDatabaseOperationAttributes(EODatabaseContext.java:5373) at com.webobjects.eoaccess.EODatabaseContext.createAdaptorOperationsForDatabaseOperation(EODatabaseContext.java:5548) at com.webobjects.eoaccess.EODatabaseContext.performChanges(EODatabaseContext.java:6365) at com.webobjects.eocontrol.EOObjectStoreCoordinator.saveChangesInEditingContext(EOObjectStoreCoordinator.java:415) at com.webobjects.eocontrol.EOEditingContext.saveChanges(EOEditingContext.java:3226) at net.global_village.eofextensions.ForgetfulEC.saveChanges(ForgetfulEC.java:54) at net.global_village.eofvalidation.EOEditingContext.saveChanges(EOEditingContext.java:126) at net.global_village.eofvalidation.NotifyingEditingContext.saveChanges(NotifyingEditingContext.java:159)

The exception is correct, the snapshot _dbSnapshot = {}; does not contain any values, let alone the one it is looking for. I am not completely sure of how this happens. It is not consistent.

I have seen this occur when the field's declared length in the EOModel is less than the actual length of the data in the field.

If you want to know the cause of these, go look in a mirror! EOF is not broken, you are abusing it and it is fighting back. Here is what to check:

 * The EOF Commandments
 * Context and Database Locking
 * Common Pitfalls

title: WebObjects/EOF/Using EOF/Breaking EOF


text:
WebObjects/Project WONDER/Frameworks/Ajax/AjaxHighlight

AjaxHighlight provides a convenient way to queue up an object as highlighted so that it gets a highlight effect when the next page renders.

In the action prior to returning the page that will show a highlight, you can call AjaxHighlight.highlight(theObject). The object you highlight could be a String, an EO, or whatever object makes sense in your context.

Then you simply bind value = .. on this component on the following page. If the value matches an object that was flagged as highlighted, the container you specify will receive the highlight effect. This component can also generate its own container if you do not specify another container id.

So you can do: private Person _person; ... public WOActionResults savePerson { _person.editingContext.saveChanges; AjaxHighlight.highlight(_person); return pageWithName(PersonListPage.class); } and in PersonListPage:      When the page loads, the newly created person will get the scriptaculous Effect.Highlight yellow flash effect (you can also specify  if you don't like Effect.Highlight).


text:
OpenOffice.org/Impress

Impress is a open office tool to create presentations. It's very similar to Microsoft's PowerPoint. Impress can handle both Microsoft's PowerPoint format (ppt) as well as its own open standard format called open document presentation format (odp) which is internationally recognized.

Working with impress
Launch impress and you will be presented with the following screen

This is nothing but the presentation wizard which eases the job of creating presentations. You can either choose Empty Presentation or a template or you can choose to open a existing presentation.

Viewing slideshow
The slideshow shortcut is "F5". When launched with the "Rehearse Timings" instead, it will record the time between each slide, in order to allow to replay it later.

Saving the document
To save the Document, you simply go to File, and press Save As. A pop-up window will come up, and from there you can name your spreadsheet and specify its location. Also, there is a button on the toolbar to save the current spreadsheet.

title: OpenOffice.org/Impress


text:
Microprocessor Design/VLIW Processors

Very Long Instruction Words (VLIW) can be used to simultaneously specify multiple instructions in parallel with one another.

VLIW Vs Superscalar
In a superscalar design, the microprocessor will have multiple independent execution units. An instruction scheduler determines which instructions will be executed on which execution unit, at what time. This scheduler unit requires large amounts of additional hardware complexity.

VLIW is similar to the superscalar architecture except that instead of using scheduling hardware to map instructions to available execution units, instructions for all units are provided in every instruction word. The scheduling is performed by the compiler at compile time.

The term VLIW comes from the fact that multiple instructions typically requires large instruction words. If each instruction is 32 bits (including opcode, source and destination registers, etc), and the processor has 4 execution cores, then the total instruction word length is 128 bits long!

Multi-Issue
Similar to the VLIW design, a multi-issue processor will issue an unfixed number of instructions per cycle, and each will be executed simultaneously.

title: Microprocessor Design/VLIW Processors


text:
User talk:LittlePete~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 15:36, 26 March 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called LittlePete. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name LittlePete~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:25, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:12, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:LittlePete~enwikibooks


text:
Classical Mechanics/Hamilton Theory

< Classical Mechanics

In addition to the Lagrangian description of the system, the Hamiltonian description can also be used.

The Hamiltonian $$\mathcal{H}$$ can be constructed as follows

$$\mathcal{H} = \sum_{n} p_{n}\dot{q}_{n} -\mathcal{L} $$

Where $$p$$ is the momentum, $$q$$ is the position, and $$\mathcal{L}$$ is the Lagrangian.

title: Classical Mechanics/Hamilton Theory


text:
Cookbook:Toasting

Lightly cooking food, and in particular slices of bread, by exposure to radiated heat, as in grilling or broiling. For toasting, a skillet or a toaster can be used.

Toasted bread can be eaten directly with a topping like jam, or it can be used for making sandwiches, the simplest of them being a peanut butter and jam sandwich.

Procedure
With toaster:

 * 1) Ensure that the toaster is plugged in, generally clean, and functional.
 * 2) Place some bread slices into the toaster. Usually, you must place each slice into a separate slot. Some toasters can hold 2 slices in an extra-wide slot. If you use a toaster oven, you may need to lay the bread slices flat on a metal grill inside the toaster oven.
 * 3) If the toaster has a darkness control, adjust it as desired.
 * 4) Activate the toaster.
 * 5) Watch the bread as it browns. If it starts to get excessively dark, activate the pop-up mechanism and carefully remove the toast. If you are unable to make the toast pop out, unplug the toaster. Do not reach into a slotted toaster, whether with your hand or a metal tool, while it is plugged in or very hot.

With skillet:

Simply heat the bread till you get the desired darkness. If you do not have a non-stick skillet, you will also need to use oil or butter.

title: Cookbook:Toasting


text:
Talk:Social Ballroom Dancing/Cha Cha Cha

Steps
I'm planning on replacing the basic step with a rewritten version. Since noone seems to be maintaining this I can't imagine it being worse.

Firstly I'm going to split it into single bar sections (forward basic, back basic) to make it easier to explain how they link together. I'm also going to start it on the 4, also to make it easier to explain how to link them together (no wordy explanations of when to repeat from in case of a repeated 1 beat.

I'm also going to use wiki tables. But alas I have no time right this instant. Here's what I have: GalaxiaGuy 18:06, 21 March 2007 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Using Wikibooks

Layout
Very nice layout Urbane User. As long as Whiteknight doesn't mind, it'd be OK with me to delete the earlier version. I think the two of us were the only contributors. -- Jim Thomas (aka Jomegat) 18:14, 21 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm very glad you like it. I look forward to getting cracking with this wikibook. Urbane User   (Talk)   (Contributions)  08:56, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

If anyone still looks at this, I was thinking of changing the layout to match the one on User:Reece/Using_Wikibooks made by the person who originally made the pretty layout, but leaving out the policies part, because I can't really think of what more you could say on the policies than what is said on the help pages, unless you're going to go into the history of the policy and linking to important discussions and stuff, but then I think that would be more suited for a book like Wikibooks Community.

I think providing the extra pages with things to do will make it easier for people to see what needs to be done and will give contributors a better sense of direction. I'll just add the links into the table I guess. Ikarsik (talk) 16:09, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

 * I hope you three don't mind, but I went through and simplified this TOC a lot. The older version was nice looking, but it was very difficult to edit or modify. I also flattened out the TOC, since there didn't seem to be any real reason to separate it out into chapters like we were doing. I think we can do a lot of beautification to this page without sacrificing editability like we had. Suggestions always welcome! --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 14:09, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

Merger from Wikibooks Community
I'm suggesting a merger from Wikibooks Community. I created that other book as a sort of guide for new users to understanding our environment and processes. However, the more I think about it, the more it should be included here in Using Wikibooks. The community book is relatively short, and wouldn't add too much bloat to this book. My big hope is to make Using Wikibooks printable and distributable soon, and the more information we can add to it to help new users, the better. I would love to hear what other people say about this. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 14:12, 29 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I'm in favor of that proposal. I'm also thinking that Using Wikibooks ought to be more prominently featured on the site - maybe even in the navigtion section in the left panel. --Jomegat (talk) 18:08, 29 November 2008 (UTC)
 * I've long wanted to merge all the and policy pages into this book wholesale, and use the Wikibooks namespace for this book. Instead of separate pages about the Wikibooks project, have a textbook with it's own namespace. That would certainly encourage the idea of having a coherent, organized resource about this wiki. And similarly for the Help namespace. That should be a textbook about using MediaWiki, not random, poorly-organized single pages.
 * But that is quite a large decision - I'd want community input on both those proposals before doing anything so radical. — Mike.lifeguard | talk 18:38, 29 November 2008 (UTC)

 * I agree with both Jim and Mike about this. I've said for a long time that our old help pages should be redone in book format. Using Wikibooks is exactly the book that could replace those old pages. That's going to be a huge project though, so this probably isn't the time or place to discuss it. If people like the merger with Wikibooks Community, I will start working on it later today or tomorrow. It should be relatively straight forward. --Whiteknight (Page) (Talk) 14:46, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

How to obtain a PDF version of this tutorial
Okay, I'm new here, and would like to get a PDF version of this primer for off line reading to get me started, but how do I obtain one? —Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.173.40.9 (discuss) 08:43, 19 June 2010 (UTC)
 * See Using Wikibooks/Print versions and PDFs, particularly the section on the Collections Extension. --Jomegat (talk) 12:28, 19 June 2010 (UTC)

Section Order
I'm not sure when it happened, but the section order on the main page has been changed - I think for the worse. The original intent of the book was to lead the reader through increasing levels of participation in the WB community. Thus, the Reader section (how to read WB) came before Editor (how to make corrections), then Writer (creating books & organizing a community of editors), and finally Administrator. Intro and Quickstart can come before that. Unless there is an objection to this order, I plan to make that change in the next couple of days. Or if someone else agrees that this is a better order, there is no need to wait for me to do it. --Jomegat (talk) 00:15, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I think the order wasn't changed per say or not intentionally done. I think a minor change in CSS caused it to happen. See before, after and diff. --dark lama  00:32, 15 December 2010 (UTC)
 * Hmmm. In my browser, both the before and the after have the Reader section coming after Editor & Writer. --Jomegat (talk) 00:46, 15 December 2010 (UTC)
 * But it looks like you've fixed it. I guess it was affected by browser page width. Thanks! --Jomegat (talk) 00:49, 15 December 2010 (UTC)

how we can calculate elecrical field due to line of negative charges —Preceding unsigned comment added by 39.32.112.2 (discuss) 9:58, 22 March 2014 (UTC)

Making a book
How do you make a book in WikiBooks? Qwertyxp2000 (discuss • contribs) 07:16, 8 December 2014 (UTC)
 * See Using Wikibooks. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 12:05, 8 December 2014 (UTC)
 * If you have read all of the information in Using Wikibooks and are still stumped then I guess your problem might be the actually act of how to create a new book. This confused me massively when I first tried to create a book and I still don't believe it's addressed anywhere.  First you should use the Search box to see if anything similar to what you want already exists.  Otherwise you need to type  https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/  and after the last / put the name you want for your book.  Assuming the book doesn't already exist, you'll be taken to a page asking you if you want to Create the page/book.--ЗAНИA [[Image:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg|15px]]talk 20:34, 8 December 2014 (UTC)
 * Or maybe I just haven't seen a button which says Create a new book in 10 years of editing here. Is there a reason why we don't have such a thing?--ЗAНИA [[Image:Flag_of_the_Isle_of_Mann.svg|15px]]talk 20:34, 8 December 2014 (UTC)

How do we make wikibooks articles
Hi guys,all I need to know is how to make wikibooks articles like wikipedia —Preceding unsigned comment added by 219.74.53.219 (discuss) 11:41, 20 May 2015 (UTC)

Making a complete readable book from a completed Wikibook?
Unless I have missed something, it appears that "Printable Version" and "Download as PDF" only gets you a page or article, as in Wikipedia. And "Create a Collection" means reading the entire book and every link thereof; the option to "add to collection" without reading it is useless as you don't know if other sub-chapters need to be linked. After you have read everything, why would you still want to download the book?

A "book" is perceived as being the entire subject matter. Lengthy Wikibooks may be composed as linked sections, chapters, subchapters, and possibly related articles that need to be in an appendix of the book, in order to be an online-readable article. Unlike a Wikipedia article, a book should not include gratutious links not needed by the readership of the book; if the authors of the book want to point out the existance of such articles, they could be in the form of a footnote or reference, rather than an inline wikilink.

Does the "create a printed book" function use software that gathers all of the content mentioned in the book? It is not clear.

What is needed is a "create a complete book" function that does so and produces a collection of the entire content.

How many Wikibooks are currently written as complete books ready to print, rather than as wikilinked pages? 50.153.5.53 (discuss) 08:21, 20 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Books each have their own category in Wikibooks. Simply add all pages in the category (which can be done with one click) and you have a full downloadable book. QuiteUnusual (discuss • contribs) 12:14, 20 November 2015 (UTC)
 * Thanks, that is what I missed. Maybe there is a place to mention that when selecting download versions?50.153.7.25 (discuss) 19:20, 20 November 2015 (UTC)

Some suggestion
Dear All, I have came across Using Wikibooks and looking at Wikibooks Template. As I'm going through Wikibooks Template, I noted that two fairly important pages (i) Wikibooks:Template https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Templates and (ii) Help:Templates https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Help:Templates are not appearing in Using Wikibooks/Advance Techniques which describes about Wikibooks Templates https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Using_Wikibooks/Advanced_Techniques.

One have to navigate to Using Wikibooks/Advance Techniques -> Sandbox -> Help:Templates only have the visibility to the link of the Help:Templates. Will putting Help:Templates and Wikibooks:Templates in the page like Using Wikibooks/Advance Techniques help to improve the navigation and the accessibility of users to the Wikibooks Templates resources? Hope this help. Thanks! Shchung (discuss • contribs) 09:14, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

Book communities
For some years I've had in mind to add a discussion of adopting a book to this book, presumably with some related themes attached. Having made some progress, here are a few notes.
 * Possible inspiration:.
 * Some material was merged in 2008 (as discussed above) from a previous book by User:Whiteknight, . As remarked, there wasn't a great deal there, but it's interesting to browse through the deleted book (if you've got an admin bit to do so); here are some highlights:
 * Remarks now at /What Is Wikibooks about History and Community are mostly from Wikibooks Community/Introduction, with a few changes which include the addition of the trailing words "in the section The Wikibooks Community". I take this as a good sign that what I want to add is not unreasonable.
 * There's some interesting project history, that I'm not sure off hand where else we might have recorded atm, at Wikibooks Community/The Reading Room and Wikibooks Community/Featured Books.

--Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 17:16, 11 August 2019 (UTC)
 * For my next step, I mean to reread Using Wikibooks fully, to grok what's there, and where and how one might integrate the new material.

 * I've found the Reading Room history, at /Discussion and Consensus. That page, /Discussion and Consensus, is probably at the point in the book outline where the additional material ought to go. The trouble is that while what it says is true, it's missing part of the picture.  It depicts Wikibooks as a single monolithic community.  Maybe Wikibooks felt more like that to users who learned this place in its Elder Days (Whiteknight arrived in 2005 afaik); but my experience, from a slightly later vintage (arrived late 2007), is more complex. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 19:24, 11 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Another important existing section is /Contributing To An Existing Wikibook. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 03:24, 12 August 2019 (UTC)

 * My current thinking is that what's called for will be surgical alterations to certain sections; partly adding forward references, and partly tweaking material to bring out certain important points.
 * /What Is Wikibooks — reference the two later places where community will be particularly discussed.
 * ✅ --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 21:36, 12 August 2019 (UTC)
 * /Discussion and Consensus — less monolithic impression, and reference to the later discussion.
 * /Contributing To An Existing Wikibook — subtle tweaks to bring out the point about communities per book and over time.
 * --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 20:00, 12 August 2019 (UTC)

 * Care is needed to keep the be bold principle vigorous. --Pi zero (discuss • contribs) 15:18, 13 August 2019 (UTC)

title: Talk:Using Wikibooks


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Programming:Cocoa:Beginning

Programming:Cocoa:Beginning
This contains almost no content, and everything it proposes to cover (and more) is covered in Programming Mac OS X with Cocoa for beginners or in Programming:Cocoa. It has not been touched in months. --Sgibson 18:35, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I think that it is part of the Programming:Cocoa book. It is linked to in the "Overview" and "Principles" pages. --Iamunknown 18:38, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm also proposing that those pages be deleted, too. You were too quick on the draw.  :) --Sgibson 18:48, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete - stub material, better covered by Programming Mac OS X with Cocoa for beginners. Webaware talk 14:45, 5 March 2007 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Programming:Cocoa:Contents

Programming:Cocoa:Contents
This contains almost no content, and everything it proposes to cover (and more) is covered in Programming Mac OS X with Cocoa for beginners or in Programming:Cocoa. It has not been touched in months. Cocoa:Contents is a content pages that has links to Programming:Cocoa:Overview, Programming:Cocoa:Beginning, and Programming:Cocoa:Principles. I'm proposing that this page and the other three pages all be removed. --Sgibson 18:57, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete - stub material, better covered by Programming Mac OS X with Cocoa for beginners. Webaware talk 14:45, 5 March 2007 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Programming:Cocoa:Overview

Programming:Cocoa:Overview
This contains almost no content, and everything it proposes to cover (and more) is covered in Programming Mac OS X with Cocoa for beginners or in Programming:Cocoa. It has not been touched in months. --Sgibson 18:35, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete - stub material, better covered by Programming Mac OS X with Cocoa for beginners. Webaware talk 14:45, 5 March 2007 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Programming:Cocoa:Principles

Programming:Cocoa:Principles
This contains almost no content, and everything it proposes to cover (and more) is covered in Programming Mac OS X with Cocoa for beginners or in Programming:Cocoa. It has not been touched in months. --Sgibson 18:47, 1 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete - stub material, better covered by Programming Mac OS X with Cocoa for beginners. Webaware talk 14:45, 5 March 2007 (UTC)


text:
Wikibooks:Requests for deletion/Homeopathy

Homeopathy
Tagged twice for speedy, once by an ip, removed once. I do not consider it is a book that should be deleted however process should be followed. Over to you folks -- Herby talk thyme 18:16, 5 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Delete - I put it for deletion the second time. Reason - the style of the book as it started presents homeopathy as something you could use without any warnings of hazards of these recipes. Moreover statements in this book stub seem to be presented not from critical point of view but from strong supporting point of view. Until now publications on homeopathy this issue do not make major contribution to the pull of top medical journal. Using such kind of treatment cannot be performed safely, but information on homeopathy methods of treatment might be assumed by unexperienced reader as a Cookbook - "so simple, I can do-it-myself". I have nothing against book on homeopathy, which will have a huge red banner on top of every page, saying something like: "this is all just a fairy tale, this is not true method of cure, you can severe harm yourself using this guidelines or receiving treatment from practicing homeopath" --Redsunrising 20:03, 5 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete - Warnings or not: is Wikibooks a dumping ground for any old kind of pseudoscience? What's more, is there any respectable university that has a homeopathy class? But even if there were, the fact still remains that there are no respected scientists who support the homeopathic theory of medicine. What I would support would be a history and debunking (something which tells the story of homeopathy, and why the theory is false)--- but not a "how to", which is what the book is right now. PurplePieman 01:24, 6 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Delete with extreme prejudice Utterly unverifiable. Kellen T 09:03, 7 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Move - "severe harm" ? Isn't that overreacting a bit ? Perhaps http://protoscience.wikia.com/wiki/Medical_controversies would be a better location for this book. --DavidCary 15:43, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep: I think homeopathy's a load of fetid dingo's kidneys myself, but why should that allow me to erase somebody's description of the practice? If you have a problem with the content, then edit it: this is a wiki. I've added the 'Danger' notice which is intended for such books. If this were deleted, I'd hope it was because this book is poor/limited quality and not to censor a minority viewpoint. Ewen 17:26, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep: there is at least some content here that deals with the history of the movement, and as a movement it does have some importance. "Alternative medicine" was very much in the news not so long ago in responce to the first wave of the AIDS epidemic. Keeping an eye on these books is a good idea however... the "Danger" notice really only needs to be applied to pages with dangerous treatments (for example, an herbalism book would need to be careful about describing the use of Digitalis, Hellebore, or Aconite, since an overdose of any of them would be lethal). I think it's valid to provide descriptions of such things, so long as it's also made very clear when a treatment could have dangerous consequences. -- SB_Johnny | talk 18:03, 10 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Keep: I would agree that a strong medical disclaimer ought to be displayed prominently (NPOV in tone too, not "this is pure fantasy and don't do this") on especially the "main" page of this Wikibook. Still, this is a verifiable subject that does have legitimate research that has gone into investigating this topic.  Licensed medical doctors (with MD degrees) do get involved with homeopathic remedies.  Now the tone of this particular book is a bit off on the NPOV side of things and it could use some better references to legitimate studies about these treatments.  But that doesn't mean a book about this topic is invalid to have here on Wikibooks.  --Rob Horning 03:52, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * If anyone can find a better disclaimer than 'Danger'... I'd say that homeopathy is potentially dangerous if it used in place of life-saving conventional treatments. Ewen 10:29, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * A specific template for the book would probably be better, with a warning on each "remedy" page alerting the reader to the importance of discussing the technique with a physician before "trying it at home". -- SB_Johnny | talk 13:26, 11 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Fair enough! Ewen 16:06, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

 * Keep - This is a popular and interesting topic which may encourage visitors to Wikibooks and more contributers. It's detailed and informative too.  A disclaimer is probably needed just like we added one for the Cookbook page for magic brownies. Xania [[Image:Flag_of_Poland_2.svg|15px]]talk 19:37, 11 March 2007 (UTC)

Kept, but those in support of keeping the book are encouraged to monitor it and help create appropriate warning templates -- SB_Johnny | talk 20:14, 11 March 2007 (UTC)


text:
Cookbook talk:English Breakfast

More...

 * Fried or sauteed potatoes (or even those "hash brown" things - no relation to the real thing) LittlePete 18:46, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:English Breakfast


text:
User talk:209.175.47.164

Please stop vandalising wikibooks. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing. Urbane User  (Talk)   (Contributions)  18:48, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:209.175.47.164


text: Template:Under construction

title: Template:Under construction


text:
User talk:63.238.223.66

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 19:57, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

Final Warning
Please stop. If you continue to vandalize pages, you will be blocked from editing Wikibooks.

Xania talk 20:11, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:63.238.223.66


text:
Sociology of Religion/Fundamentalism

Religious fundamentalism first appeared in the late 19th century in the USA. At that time, some of the more liberal protestants attempted to adapt their views to the modern world, while other, more conservative protestants, opposed this. They stood behind the belief that the Bible must be understood literally. They created a set of pamphlets named The Fundamentals.

We place all conservative doctrines, movements and groups which oppose the modern society, a modern way of life and science under fundamentalism. They differ from each other by the reason of their creation, their goals and the ways with which to achieve them (violence, conversation, bribery).

All of the above share some common points:
 * religious texts are perfect, without mistakes or misinterpretations - they must be read literally
 * they deny religious pluralism
 * modern society is fraught with negative influences (a society of consumers, hedonism and moral plurality)
 * they have firm beliefs in connection with their religion
 * opposition to feminism, homosexuals, abortion and birth regulation movements
 * their religion should become the foundation for the life of the society and each individual
 * all who disagree with their beliefs are considered enemies

title: Sociology of Religion/Fundamentalism


text:
User:Winterbourne

My name is Akili, I'm a graphic artist and writer, currently a student. I joined WikiBooks mainly because I wanted to help out with the Blender: Noob to Pro book. Still learning the Wiki tags and protocols.

title: User:Winterbourne


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Traveler

A document containing information about a job that travels with the job from one work center to another.

title: ERP Internals/Glossary/Traveler


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Finished Goods

An inventory item that can be sold to a customer. Contrast with Part and Raw Material.

title: ERP Internals/Glossary/Finished Goods


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Parts

An inventory item that can be is added to a component that will be sold to a customer. Contrast with Finished Good and Raw Material.

title: ERP Internals/Glossary/Parts


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Raw Materials

An inventory item (such as sheet aluminum) that must receive work before it can be incorporated in a product that can be sold to a customer. Contrast with Part and Finished Good.

title: ERP Internals/Glossary/Raw Materials


text:
User talk:67.150.42.246

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Jim Thomas (aka Jomegat) 22:48, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:67.150.42.246


text:
Talk:Rhetoric and Composition/Q&A

FYI, Wikiversity now has an English Language Reference Desk. You folks would be more than welcome to help out there. Jade Knight 22:59, 21 March 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Rhetoric and Composition/Q&A


text:
Radiation Oncology/Supportive care/Thromboembolism

Brain Metastases

 * Brain hemorrhage risk higher with brain mets and anticoagulation
 * Treatment is thus a judgment call between risk of brain hemorrhage vs. risk of death/complications from thromboembolism
 * MSKCC data suggests <10% risk of significant CNS complications on anticoagulation. Caution with hemorrhagic histologies
 * It is important not to reach supratherapeutic levels; LMWH is probably safer from that perspective
 * Gamma Knife treatment is not considered a contraindication

 * MSKCC, 1994 PMID 8293418 -- "Therapy of venous thromboembolism in patients with brain metastases." (Schiff D, Cancer. 1994 Jan 15;73(2):493-8.)
 * Retrospective. 51 patients, 10 treated with IVC, 39 treated with anticoagulation, 2 not treated (both died of PE)
 * IVCF: 4/10 recurrent nonfatal thromboembolic events (2 PEs, 2 DVTs) -> 3/4 required secondary anticoagulation
 * Anticoagulation: 39 as primary therapy + 3 secondary after IVCF failure. 2/42 patients devastating CNS hemorrhage in the setting of supratherapeutic anticoagulation, 1/42 minor deterioration (overall 7% incidence of CNS complications on anticoagulation). 3/42 asymptomatic with hyperdensity on CT
 * Conclusion: Anticoagulation more effective than IVC. Acceptably safe when maintained within therapeutic range

Review
 * Hopkins, 2006 PMID 16525187 -- "Management of venous thromboembolism in patients with primary and metastatic brain tumors." (Gerber DE, J Clin Oncol. 2006 Mar 10;24(8):1310-8.)
 * Anticoagulation can be used safely and effectively for most patients; IC hemorrhage often due to overanticoagulation
 * High risk patients: thrombocytopenia, recent neurosurgery, tumor types prone to bleeding (renal cell, melanoma, choriocarcinoma, thyroid cancer) are relative contraindication
 * Mechanical approaches have high complication rate and high failure rates, but can be used if cannot anti-coagulate
 * Antithrombolytic agents are absolute contraindication
 * Treatment recommendation:
 * High risk (craniotomy within 3-5 days, high risk histology, recent bleeding): IVCF
 * Acute/progressive symptoms: mini-heparin bolus (40 U/kg IV) or full heparin bolus (80 U/kg IV) for 24 hours depending on severity of TE symptoms. Careful monitoring of therapeutic level. Then long-term LMWH or warfarin
 * Standard risk (eg DVT): IV heparin (no bolus) for 24 hours, then long-term LMWH or warfarin

 * Paris, 2005 (France) PMID 16224238 -- "Palliative care in patients with brain metastases." (Taillibert S, Curr Opin Oncol. 2005 Nov;17(6):588-92.)
 * Prophylaxis: recommended if decreased mobility, with LMWH
 * Symptomatic DVH: anticoagulation safe; recommend LMWH due to lack of interaction with chemo and convenience
 * Hemorrhagic mets: unless active bleeding, can anticoagulate, but requires strict monitoring
 * Avoid NSAIDs and Vitamin K


text:
Field Guide/Birds/Agelaius phoeniceus

/Transcluded Modules

title: Field Guide/Birds/Agelaius phoeniceus


text:
Field Guide/Birds/Corvus brachyrhynchos

|

title: Field Guide/Birds/Corvus brachyrhynchos


text:
Analogue Electronics/BJTs/Active Mode/ß dimensional Analysis

This page will show that β, the common-emitter current gain of a BJT has no units.

β is given by:

\beta = 1/\left( {\frac + \frac{1} {2}\frac } \right)$$

where
 * Dp and Dn are the hole and electron diffusivity, in cm2 s−1
 * ND and NA are the donor and acceptor doping concentrations, in cm−3
 * W is the base width, in cm
 * Lp is the hole diffusion length in the emitter, in cm
 * τb is the minority carrier lifetime in the base, in s

So we have:

 * $$\left[ \beta \right] = \left( {\frac

+ \frac } \right)^{ - 1}$$

Notice that the first term in the addition is a ratio of two quantities with identical dimensions. This leaves us with:

 * $$\left[ \beta \right] = \left( {\frac

} \right)^{ - 1} = \left( {\frac } \right)^{ - 1}$$

We now have the reciprocal of a ratio of identically dimensioned quantities. Therefore, β is dimensionless.


text:
Field Guide/Birds/Quiscalus quiscula

|

title: Field Guide/Birds/Quiscalus quiscula


text:
Wikijunior:Bugs/Crane Fly

What does it look like?

The adult crane fly is large and fragile with long slender legs. Its body length varies from 1/8 inch to 3 inches. It looks a little like a huge mosquito. Its long legs make it a relatively poor flier compared to other flies. Just behind and at the base of the wings is a pair of balancing organs, called halteres.

Because of its unusual appearance, there are many different names for the crane fly. Among the names are gallinipper, gollywhopper, jimmy spinner and mosquito hawk. Its common name in the United Kingdom, and Ireland is daddy long-legs.

Scientists consider the crane fly to be a “true fly” because it has only one pair of wings.

The female abdomen ends in an ovipositor for laying eggs. The ovipositor is pointed and looks like a stinger but is completely harmless.

Where does it live?
Crane flies are found all around the world in temperate or tropical climates. At least 14,000 species of crane flies have been described worldwide. They can be found in lawns and turf, and in moist soil around ponds and streams. Compost piles provide an attractive home for crane flies. They rest on the soil surface just below the decaying vegetation.

This species has a broad range of habitats. It lives in cold arctic tundra and sub-arctic spruce forests. It likes white pine, jack pine and other evergreens in the northern Great Lakes region. East of the Mississippi River and southward along the Appalachian Mountains, it lives in forests of beech, maple, hemlock, and birch.

The crane fly usually likes moist environments such as woodlands, streams and flood plains. But some species inhabit open fields, dry rangeland, and even deserts.

What does it eat?
The crane fly is sometimes called "mosquito hawk" or "mosquito lion." Despite this ferocious name, it does not actually eat mosquitoes. The larvae of crane flies occur in moist soil, forest leaves and wood litter and in aquatic habitats associated with organic matter, depending on the species. Most species are generalist detritivores, but a few may feed on living plant tissue, such as grass roots.

Many adult crane fly have no mouthparts, so never eat at all. Those species that do have mouthparts will lap up sugar-rich plant nectar.

How does it defend itself?
The adult crane fly has little in the way of defense. It falls prey to birds, bats, cats and yellow jackets. Unlike most flies, it is a weak, poor flier with a tendency to "wobble" in unpredictable patterns during flight. It can be caught without much effort.

The way its delicate legs break off, even without direct contact, may help it evade predators.

In its larval form, the crane fly is defenseless. The larvae are often eaten by birds, such as robins and starlings. In addition to birds, there are many natural enemies beneath the soil. Tiny parasites, beetles, frogs, and small mammals attack the larvae in the wintertime.

What stages of metamorphosis does it go through?
The crane fly goes through a complete metamorphosis. The adult emerges from late August to mid-September, mates and lays eggs. The female lays most of her eggs before making her first flight.

The eggs hatch quickly in the soil. As they develop, the gray-brown, worm-like larvae begin feeding on roots in moist soil. The feeding is slow in the winter, speeds up in early spring, and ends in mid-May. The larvae change to quiet pupa in July and August. The leathery, shiny pupal case is called a “leatherjacket.” The adult crane fly comes out of the ground in August and September, living just long enough to mate and lay eggs.

What special behavior does it exhibit?
Crane fly larvae are called “leatherjacket slugs" because of their movement and the way they sometimes damage plants.

The adult snow crane fly is unusual because it emerges from snow in very cold temperatures. It is frequently seen crawling sluggishly on the surface after a fresh fall of snow. Some scientists believe it lives in nests of small mammals, such as mice and chipmunks. Its natural history is still largely a mystery.

How does this bug affect people?
The crane fly is an insect that appears to be a giant mosquito, but it does not bite. It is not generally considered a pest. In certain circumstances, the crane fly can be a problem in lawns and landscape plants, but not often.

Some crane fly larva feed on roots in nurseries that sell turf and seedlings. Cereal and grain crops are sometimes damaged by crane fly larvae. Most of the time, healthy lawns and plants can tolerate their presence as long as natural enemies keep populations down.

The crane fly is an important food source for birds, fish, and other animals. As an aquatic insect it can be an indicator of good water quality. Its larvae are important decomposers that break down waste in streams and soil. This activity creates rich organic material used by other organisms. Crane fly larvae attract fish looking for food. Fishermen even design their lures to mimic crane fly larva.

title: Wikijunior:Bugs/Crane Fly


text:
Field Guide/Birds/Dumetella carolinensis

/Transcluded Modules


text:
Field Guide/Birds/Molothrus ater

/Transcluded Modules

title: Field Guide/Birds/Molothrus ater


text:
User talk:4.239.99.25

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Jim Thomas (aka Jomegat) 01:55, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:4.239.99.25


text:
Ordinary Differential Equations/Non Homogenous 3

Solve

 * 1) $$y''-y=e^{-x},x\in\mathbb R, y(0)=y'(0)=0$$

Find Particular Integral

 * 1) $$y''-7y+12y=24e^x$$
 * 2) $$ y''+4y'+4y=e^{-2x}$$


text:
Econometric Theory/Multiple Regression Analysis

Our first regressions (MLE and OLS) were bivariate. Our lines were simple, two variable lines. However, in most economic data, there are a multitude of possible independent things that can effect a dependent variable. So we can expand our explanatory functions to allow multiple independent variables.

Instead of our functions looking like $$Y_=\alpha + \beta X_i + \epsilon_i$$, our functions look like $$Y_i = \beta_0 + \beta_1 X_{1,i} + \beta_2 X_{2,i} + \cdots + \beta_n X_{n,i} + \epsilon_i $$

By adding more variables and data to our model, we can hopefully get a better fit and understanding of the dependent variable. However, with the added variables come added problems that will misguide our model.

Goodness of Fit
When we move to the multiple regression case, our goodness of fit looks much like it previously did in the bivariate case. TSS = ESS + RSS. Our R² = ESS/TSS) = 1 - (RSS/TSS). We can still use our Coefficient of Determination, R² (R² = ESS/TSS = 1 - (RSS/TSS)), but there is a problem associated with it. R² will never decrease because of an addition of a variable, whether or not it helps us explain our dependent variable. When we add a new variable to the function, the ESS is calculated over a larger set of variables, and ESS will be greater than or equal to what we had before. This will cause our R² to increase, even if the addition of our new variable hurts our model. There is a tool to fix this problem. R² is replaced with Adjusted R² which adjusts it for the added degrees of freedom. Adjusted R² is signified by adding a bar above the 'R.'

$$ \bar{R^2} = 1 - (\frac{\hat{var(\epsilon)}} {\hat{var(Y)}})$$


text:
Analogue Electronics/BJTs/Active Mode/Band Diagrams

Band Diagrams
We can consider the action of an NPN BJT using band diagrams. With no applied voltages, we see the following shape:

Clearly, no current can flow, as the "hump" in the middle stops current in both directions. Now, if we apply voltages as we did above we get the following result:

The EBJ potential barrier lowers, and some electrons can drift across into the base, whereupon they are swept up by the electric field from the collector, and "fall" down the potential hill into the collector. A few holes also diffuse from base to emitter.


text:
Field Guide/Birds/Melanerpes erythrocephalus

/Transcluded Modules


text:
Econometric Theory/Dummy Variables

Health insurance companies often charge differently for different types of people. They know off of their own data, that young adults are in less need of a doctor generally, and so they charge less for insurance. Their data shows that age and health costs are positively correlated and indeed one "causes" another. There are other demographics off of which they organize their prices of coverage. One is whether or not the customer is a smoker, and some even use gender. But how did they come to the conclusion that smokers cost more to cover, or that the cost of covering a man is different from a woman? These are not quantitative pieces of data, so they cannot be regressed, right? Well no, we can make it look like they are in fact quantitative, and not qualitative.

Dummy Variables
Dummy Variables or Indicator Variables are these qualitative data points manipulated to be quantitative. In the case of correlating health costs to smoking habits, we can say that a smoker is a 1 and a non-smoker is a 0. Our dependent variable is health care costs.

Our model will look like this: $$ Y_i = \alpha + \beta D_i + \epsilon_i $$ where D is our dummy (Smoking) and Y is our Dependant (health care costs). Say that health care costs are $50 for non-smokers, and $60 for smokers, our model would then be $$ Y_i = 50 + 10 D + \epsilon_i $$. When the person we are looking at is a non-smoker, D = 0, and when the person we are looking at is a smoker, D = 1.

We can regress with multiple pieces of information (variables) too. We can also mix our normal data with several dummies. $$ HealthCare_i = \beta_1 age_i + \beta_2 Smoke_i + \beta_3 Gender_i + \epsilon_i $$ (Gender = 1 for male, Gender = 0 for female)

Our estimated model off of the data would be $$ HealthCare_i = \hat{\beta_0} age_i + \hat{\beta_1} Smoke_i + \hat{\beta_2} Gender _i + \epsilon_i $$

The formula for a 29 year old male who does not smoke would be $$ HealthCare_i = \hat{\beta_0} 29 + \hat{\beta_2} + \epsilon $$

Our Dummy Variables can be more than just binary. Say health care companies found out that happiness can lead to higher health, and they wanted to use that in their price discrimination scheme. They can ask "how happy are you?, Very Happy, Kind of Happy, Sad." However, they will need to use two dummies for this move. D1 will be 1 and D2 will be 0 if "Very Happy", D1 will be 0 and D2 will be 1 if "Kind of Happy" and D1 will be 0 and D2 will be 0 if "sad."

To add this into our model we will have $$ HealthCare_i = \hat{\beta_0} age_i + \hat{\beta_1} Smoke_i + \hat{\beta_2} Gender_i + \hat{\beta_3} VeryHappy_i + \hat{\beta_4} KindOfHappy_i + \epsilon_i $$

Slope vs Intercept shifts
The Dummies can affect the model in two ways. The Dummy can either shift the intercept up or down, or shift the slope shallower or deeper. What has been described above are all intercept shifts. The line stayed neutral for non-smokers, and moved up for smokers. For a slope shift, the dummy is in the same term as the standard variable as in $$ Y_i = \alpha + \beta_1 X_i + \beta_2 D_i X_i + \epsilon $$ where if D = 1, $$ Y_i = \alpha + (\beta_1 + \beta_2) X_i + \epsilon$$ and if D = 0 $$ Y_i = \alpha + \beta_1 X_i + \epsilon $$

''Note: The combination of the dummy and the standard in this case is an interaction term. It is often described as one variable as in $$ D_i X_i = Z_i $$

title: Econometric Theory/Dummy Variables


text:
Field Guide/Birds/Dryocopus pileatus

/Transcluded Modules

title: Field Guide/Birds/Dryocopus pileatus


text:
User talk:72.93.241.131

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Jim Thomas (aka Jomegat) 03:28, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:72.93.241.131


text:
Field Guide/Birds/Archilochus colubris

|

title: Field Guide/Birds/Archilochus colubris


text:
Hebrew/Colors

Note: This page does not currently fit into of the sequences in the Hebrew Wikibook. It can be used as a reference.

title: Hebrew/Colors


text: Template:Russian/LetterHI

title: Template:Russian/LetterHI


text:
Russian/Cursive

Russian cursive (русские рукописные буквы, russkiye rukopisnyye bukvy) is a basic part of studying the Russian language. Because most written Russian is cursive, learning cursive is fundamental to understanding other Russians.

On the whole, writing cursive is very similar to those familiar with English cursive, but this material will start from the most elementary level of Russian cursive.

The samples of writing of russian cursive are shown on the following picture. The letters "ъ", "ь" and "ы" can't be capitalized, because Russian words never begin with them.

Some people write "т" as it appears on typographic fonts (not like latin "m"). Others have a different way of writing capital "П" and "Т" (Lenin was one of them - look at the "Т" in "Т-щи"). Some people (if they write "т" like in this example) put a little lines over "т" and under "ш"? to make this distinction more obvious.

Basic information

 * Cursive is a style of writing in which most if not all letters in one word are connected by ancillary serifs. With this method, a single word can usually be written in one stroke.
 * Russian culture highly regards cursive, similar to the way Chinese culture exalts good calligraphy.

title: Russian/Cursive


text:
HyperText Markup Language/Tag List/bgsound

Use
This lets the user link a sound to a page that will play automatically whenever a client opens the webpage.

src
This works like the ../img/ tag. It finds the source of the music file that the user wants to be played in the background.

loop
This tells the browser how many times the sound will be played in the background.

Standard attributes

 * src
 * loop

More info
A link to a page with more info, then the name of the site the info came from (i.e. W3Schools).


text:
HyperText Markup Language/Tag List/big

Use
For making text bigger than the surrounding text.

The Attributes
There are no usage of attributes here.

title: HyperText Markup Language/Tag List/big


text:
HyperText Markup Language/Tag List/blink

Use
This is an old and deprecated tag. The blink tag creates a text that blinks on and off, appearing and disappearing.

WARNING
Depending on the colour of the text and the background colour, this tag has been known to cause seizures amongst the community (in rare cases).


text:
Talk:HyperText Markup Language/Tag List/blink

About the Warning
It could be a myth of cause, but we were warning not to use the tag at Uni because of the seizure issue. But it is not an element in XHTML, so thankfully it is not in use. --Grich 08:47, 22 March 2007 (UTC)


text:
HyperText Markup Language/Tag List/blockquote

Use
This is used to indent a block of text on the Webpage. Good for long quotes. It also cites the quote via a URL.

cite
This declares the URL of the citation. Type it as a webpage or a page on the server.

Standard attributes

 * cite

More info
A link to a page with more info, then the name of the site the info came from (i.e. W3Schools).


text:
Geometry/Chapter 9

Prisms
An n-sided prism is a polyhedron made of an n-sided polygonal base, a translated copy, and n faces joining corresponding sides. Thus these joining faces are parallelograms. All cross-sections parallel to the base faces are the same. A prism is a subclass of the prismatoids.

The volume of a prism is the product of the area of the base and the distance between the two base faces, or height. In the case of a non-right prism, the height is the perpendicular distance.

In the following formula, V=volume, A=base area, and h=height.

$$V=Ah$$

The surface area of a prism is the sum of the base area and its face, and the sum of each side area, which for a rectangular prism is equal to:
 * $$SA = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh$$
 * where l = length of the base, w = width of the base, h = height

Pyramids
The volume of a Pyramid can be found by the following formula: $$\frac{1}{3} A h$$ The surface area of a Pyramid can be found by the following formula:$$A = A_b + \frac{ps}{2}$$
 * A = area of base, h = height from base to apex
 * $$A$$ = Surface area, $$A_b$$ = Area of the Base, $$p$$ = Perimeter of the base, $$s$$ = slant height.

Cylinders
The volume of a Cylinder can be found by the following formula: $$\pi r^2 \cdot h$$ The surface area of a Cylinder including the top and base faces can be found by the following formula: $$2 \pi r\ (r+h) $$
 * r = radius of circular face, h = distance between faces
 * $$r\,$$ is the radius of the circular base, and $$h\,$$ is the height

Cones
The volume of a Cone can be found by the following formula: $$\frac{1}{3} \pi r^2 h$$
 * r = radius of circle at base, h = distance from base to tip

The surface area of a Cone including its base can be found by the following formula: $$\pi\ r (r + \sqrt {r^2 + h^2})$$
 * $$r\,$$ is the radius of the circular base, and $$h\,$$ is the height.

Spheres
The volume of a Sphere can be found by the following formula: $$\frac{4}{3} \pi r^3$$ The surface area of a Sphere can be found by the following formula: $$4 \pi\ r^2$$
 * r = radius of sphere
 * r = radius of the sphere

title: Geometry/Chapter 9


text: User:Scar~enwikibooks

title: User:Scar~enwikibooks


text:
Talk:Circuit Theory/Resistors

i want to study about the short circuits

title: Talk:Circuit Theory/Resistors


text:
Horticulture/Quadraspidiotus perniciosus

San Jose scale is a pest of both orchards and ornamental plants. The insect is originally from China, but introduced in North America in the late 1900s as an invasive species.

Description
Circular hard scales, generally in great numbers. Adult males are winged, females remain under the scale.

Symptoms and Signs
Severe infestations can kill the host plant if not treated.

Host plants

 * ../Asclepias/
 * ../Buxus/
 * ../Celtis/
 * ../Cornus/
 * ../Crataegus/
 * ../Cydonia/
 * ../Fagus/
 * ../Gleditsia/
 * ../Juglans/
 * ../Ligustrum/
 * ../Lonicera/
 * ../Maclura/
 * ../Malus/
 * ../Morus/ (Mulberry)
 * ../Pachysandra/
 * ../Photinia/
 * ../Prunus/
 * ../Ribes/
 * ../Robinia/
 * ../Rosa/
 * ../Rhamnus/
 * ../Sassafras/
 * ../Sorbus/
 * ../Syringa/ (Lilac)
 * ../Thuja/ (Arborvitae)
 * ../Tilia/
 * ../Viburnum/


text:
Biblical Studies/New Testament Commentaries/The Gospel of John/Chapter 13

John Chapter 13 Verses 1-17
In the beginning of this Chapter Jesus is having dinner with his disciples; however, it is the foot-washing that marks the special significance of the occasion. The supper had already begun when Jesus rose from the table and began washing the disciples' feet. Then Peter objects, saying that he is unworthy to have his feet washed by Jesus. He says this because of the typical station of one who washes feet; typically a slave or servant. Traditionally, the task of washing the feet was reserved for Gentile slaves, for wives, and for children and Jewish men were not required to do so. The only exception was when disciples washed the feet of their rabbis. The disciples' obvious bewilderment is then coupled with a powerful teaching from Jesus; saying that this is what he is going to do for the world, and that his disciples should follow his example. Is it another "coincidence" that first, Jesus must be a slave of all and serve before he can present his life as a ransom for many? Another example that was set forth was so that the disciples may learn to perform similar service for one another.

The reader should pay close attention to the opening statement in which they are given three important facts: 1.what time it is by the Jewish calendar; 2. what time it is in Jesus' ministry; 3. and Jesus' own disposition and intention. 13:1 states, "Now before the festival of the Passover, Jesus knew that his hour had come to depart from this world and to go to the Father." The fact that the Last Supper occurs before Passover and not during has caused some questions since Jesus called it the Passover meal.

The Maccabees had changed the calendar and the Essenes were keeping the correct day which began after sunset at the beginning of Tuesday. The new day began in Israel right after sunset. The only group celebrating the passover on Tuesday was the Essenes. They were vegetarians and did not believe that Yah had required animals sacrifices. By celebrating the Essene date Jesus is clearly distancing himself from the Passover lamb. He never called himself a lamb, but called himself a shepherd. He is also joining the Essenes in repudiating the sacrificial system.

Yah did not sacrifice his son as pagan gods did. Nor did Jesus offer himself as a sacrifice the way pagan kings offered human sacrifices to their pagan Gods.

Jesus taught us that the angry gods who needed blood to satiate their wrath had nothing in common with the God of the Bible.

The Beloved Disciple in John 13
Very curious language is used to describe the Beloved Disciple in John Chapter 13. The disciple is said to be "reclining next to Him" when asked to prompt Jesus about the identity of his betrayer, at which point the disciple is "leaning back against Jesus" to ask Him (Verses 23-5). This is indicative of a very close relationship with Christ, as physical contact with Him is not by any means a casual matter in the Gospels. Moreover, this disciple has enough gall to ask Jesus who he is talking about, and Jesus actually answered. It is very likely that Jesus did not speak to the entire group of disciples when he explained which would be the betrayer; instead, he was probably speaking quietly to the beloved disciple--almost like they were sharing secrets. This is another indicator of the close relationship the two had. This disciple was also revered by the others, as it is Simon Peter who desires to go through him / her to ask Christ the question. So who was this disciple, and exactly how was he / she loved by Christ? Scholars such as Ann Graham Bock and Carl McCloud suggest that Mary Magdalene was the Beloved Disciple, a notion that would put the cozy language in John 13 in interesting light. There is also speculation that Lazarus is the beloved disciple, as Mary and Martha refer to him as "the one Jesus loves." Others would say that it is John himself who was Jesus' "beloved disciple" as he only appears in John's gospel and none of the others.

The Washing of Feet John 13:4-12
Jesus does the unthinkable in these passages; He washes His disciple’s feet. Of course His disciples immediately begin to reject this act, but Jesus answers them with "What I do you do not realize now, but you shall understand hereafter." (NIV v.7)What is the main principle the disciples needed to learn? Some believe that the disciples were being taught to humble themselves and to believe that no one is better than another. A similar belief is that Jesus was simply acting out and foretelling His new commandment which He would reveal later on: V.34 “A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another, even as I have loved you, that you also love one another." (NIV) One view is that Jesus was trying to teach the "value of spiritual washing, and the cleansing of the soul from the pollutions of sin" (Bible Gateway) Jorge Perez and his church believe that Jesus was simply teaching His disciples to not only humble themselves and to serve, but to also learn how to receive. To truly love someone like Christ loved them, His Disciples must be able to receive love from others as well.

13:26-30
In these verses Jesus talks about the one who will betray him. In response to the beloved's question of who will betray him, Jesus answers that the one who he gives the dipped morsel of bread to is the one that will betray him. The odd thing is though that after he does this and hands the dipped bread to Judas, the disciples do not realize that Judas is the guilty one. They think that somehow Jesus handing the bread to him coincides with him sending him on an errand for the festival. However, their minds may be clouded and they cannot realize the truth in order to fulfill the prophecy that the disciples will not understand all that Jesus says till later. That is one suggestion. The other, more plausible explanation is that the question was part of a private conversation heard only by a few of the disciples, namely Judas, John, Peter, and then Jesus, leaving these people to really know the significance of the gesture (Speer 416). That is why so many disciples still questioned and did not know who was the betrayer.

Chapter 13:31-35
In these verses, Jesus begins his farewell speech. The first part of the farewell speech is characterized by a sequence of questions by his disciples and Jesus’ answers. Initially, Jesus gets the sequence started by speaking of his glorification (vv.31-32), his departure (v.33), and his divine love (vv. 34-35). These three themes are developed throughout his speech. While there are other major themes in John as well, these five verses contain the major themes of the entire farewell speech. Maybe the purpose of his farewell speech is to tell his disciples of the new ways in which they will love in the future especially in verses 34-35. Jesus gives a new command to his disciples, which is to love one another as I have loved you. This divine love that the disciples are to share is for the whole world that is part of God’s plan. God’s love has now mediated in a new way, through the incarnation. The disciples enter into a relation of love that exists between the Father and the Son (Barrett, 1978). Our community is to continue to manifest God as Jesus has done, thereby shining as a light that continues to bring salvation. Without this divine love their message of what God has done in Christ would be hollow (Gospel Communications, 2007).

Jesus challenges the disciples in Chapter 13. He tells them that one of them will betray him that night and hand him over to the Romans and Jews to be killed. The disciples are shocked by this and ask who it is that will betray Jesus. Jesus also challenges Peter at the end of the chapter. Peter says he will die with Jesus, but Jesus tells Peter that he will deny Jesus three times before the sunrise the next day. Jesus challenges the disciples in this way to see if they are ready for the events that will be taking place soon after the Last Supper.


text:
Talk:General Chemistry/Table of the Chemical Elements and their Properties

Àshemon

Properties
I don't see the point in listing discoverer and year discovered. That is encyclopedic info, not useful for learning or practicing chemistry.

I would like to see phase at STP, common oxidation states, and diatomic elements. NipplesMeCool (talk) 05:29, 24 January 2009 (UTC)

Adding Curie Points.
Is someone going to add the curie points to the list?


text:
User talk:204.39.73.102

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Jim Thomas (aka Jomegat) 14:30, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:204.39.73.102


text:
Horticulture/Pests and Diseases of Lactuca

Pests
../Aphids/ ../Hoppers/ ../Whiteflies/ ../Bugs/ ../Thrips/ ../Flies/ ../Beetles/ ../Flea Beetles/ ../Caterpillars/ ../Slugs and Snails/
 * Pea Aphid: ../Acyrthosiphon pisum/
 * Bean Aphid: ../Aphis fabae/
 * Brown Ambrosia Aphid: ../Dactynotus ambrosiae/
 * Potato Aphid: ../Macrosiphum euphorbiae/
 * Green Peach Aphid: ../Myzus persicae/
 * Red Lettuce Aphid: ../Uroleucon pseudambrosiae/
 * Cabbage Aphid: ../Brevicoryne brassicae/
 * Lettuce Aphid: ../Nasonovia ribisnigri/
 * Lettuce Root Aphid: ../Pemphigus bursarius/
 * Aster Leafhopper: ../Macrosteles facifrons/
 * Southern Garden Leafhopper: ../Empoasca solana/
 * Silverleaf Whitefly: ../Bemisia argentifolii/
 * Greenhouse Whitefly: ../Trialeurodes vaporariorum/
 * Pale Legume Bug: ../Lygus elisus/
 * Western Tarnished Plant Bug: ../Lygus hesperus/
 * Tarnished Plant Bug: ../Lygus lineolaris/
 * False Cinch Bug: ../Nysius raphanus/
 * Garden Fleahopper: ../Halticus bractatus/
 * Western Flower Thrips: ../Frankliniella occidentalis/
 * American Serpentine Leafminer:../ Liriomyza trifolii/
 * Chrysanthemum Leafminer: ../Phytomyza syngenesiae/
 * Banded Cucumber Beetle: ../Diabrotica balteata/
 * Palestriped Flea Beetle: ../Systena blanda/
 * Redheaded Flea Beetle: ../Systena frontalis/
 * Zebra Caterpillar: ../Ceramica picta/
 * Corn Earworm: ../Helicoverpa/Heliothis zea/
 * Variegated Cutworm: ../Peridroma saucia/
 * Beet Armyworm: ../Spodoptera exigua/
 * Yellowstriped Armyworm: ../Spodoptera ornithogalli/
 * Cabbage Looper: ../Trichoplusia ni/
 * Celery Leaftier: ../Udea rubigalis/
 * Alfalfa Looper: ../Autographa californica/ Western US
 * Celery Looper: ../Anagrapha falcifera/
 * Saltmarsh Caterpillar: ../Estigmene acrea/
 * Western Corn Rootworm: ../Diabrotica virgifera virgifera/
 * Western Yellowstriped Armyworm: ../Spodoptera praefica/
 * Angle Shades: ../Phlogophora meticulosa/
 * Autumnal Rustic: ../Eugnorisma glareosa/
 * Cabbage Moth: ../Mamestra brassicae/
 * Common Swift: ../Korscheltellus lupulina/
 * Garden Dart: ../Euxoa nigricans/
 * Ghost Moth: ../Hepialus humuli/
 * The Gothic: ../Naenia typica/
 * Grey Chi: ../Antitype chi/
 * Heart and Club: ../Agrotis clavis/
 * Heart and Dart: ../Agrotis exclamationis/
 * Ingrailed Clay: ../Diarsia mendica/
 * Large Yellow Underwing: ../Noctua pronuba/
 * The Nutmeg: ../Discestra trifolii/
 * Setaceous Hebrew Character: ../Xestia c-nigrum/
 * The Shark: ../Cucullia umbratica/
 * Small Angle Shades: ../Euplexia lucipara/
 * Turnip Moth: ../Agrotis segetum/

Diseases
../Bottom Rot/ ../Downy Mildew/
 * ../Rhizoctonia/

../Gray Mold/

../White Mold/
 * ../Sclerotinia/

Other Problems
../Calcium Deficiency/


text:
Horticulture/Protective Clothing

 * Goggles
 * Chaps

Ear protection

 * Plugs
 * Muffs

Masks

 * Brush Masks
 * Dust Masks
 * Respirators

Gloves

 * Work Gloves
 * Chemical Gloves

Helmets

 * Ground Crew Helmets
 * Climbing Helmets
 * Brush Helmets

Boots

 * Muck Boots
 * Steel Tipped Boots
 * Climbing Boots

Climbing Equipment

 * Harnesses
 * Ropes
 * Lanyards
 * Spikes

Spraying Equipment

 * Respirators
 * Coveralls

/Tools

title: Horticulture/Protective Clothing


text:
Template:General Chemistry/Element color/Transition metals

# ffc0c0


text:
Template:General Chemistry/Element color/Nonmetals

# a0ffa0


text:
Horticulture/Systena blanda

Palestriped Flea Beetles are a pest of many food crops, and can also cause damage to ornamentals, particularly when the host plants are young.

Description
Adult beetle is yellow through brown or black with a paler stripe on each wing cover, and a red head. Like all ../Flea Beetles/, they jump away when disturbed. Grubs are long and thin.

Symptoms and Signs
Grubs cause root damage, particularly to tubers such as potatoes or sweet potatoes. Adults cause shotholing or skeletonized leaves, particularly of young plants.

Ecology
Overwinters as an adult in debris.

Host plants

 * ../Amaranthus/
 * ../Ambrosia/
 * ../Arachis/ (Peanut)
 * ../Avena/ (Oat)
 * ../Brassica/
 * ../Capsicum/ (Pepper)
 * ../Chenopodium/
 * ../Convolvulus/
 * ../Cucumis/
 * ../Cucurbita/
 * ../Citrullus/
 * ../Daucus/
 * ../Fragaria/ (Strawberry)
 * ../Gossypium/ (Cotton)
 * ../Helianthus/
 * ../Ipomoea/
 * ../Iva/ (Poverty Weed)
 * ../Lactuca/ (Lettuce)
 * ../Medicago/
 * ../Nicotiana/
 * ../Phaseolus/
 * ../Pisum/
 * ../Pyrus/
 * ../Solanum/
 * ../Vitis/
 * ../Zea/

title: Horticulture/Systena blanda


text:
Template:General Chemistry/Colorsample

Usage
Gives:

Gives:

title: Template:General Chemistry/Colorsample


text:
Template:General Chemistry/Element color/Alkali metals

# ff6666


text:
User talk:Reever2

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 16:21, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Recipes
Hi - the recipes that you have added all look as though they come from a website which has a copyright statement at the bottom of each page. If that is the case these will all have to be deleted as we cannot accept copyright materials here. Thanks -- Herby talk thyme 16:58, 22 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the message - as far as I am aware without specific written permission from the owners of the website t the Wikimedia foundation it would not be possible to host these pages as they are absolute copies. Please look at Copyrights and then maybe Help:Boilerplate request for permission.  I would also like a pointer to where you were given permission on Wikipedia to use the material and the admin's name - copyright policy is the same across all Wikimedia projects.  Thanks -- Herby  talk thyme 09:48, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
 * In practice an initial read of your Wikipedia page looks like the reverse -- Herby talk thyme 09:50, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

 * OK for a much better view on licensing throughout Wikimedia please look at Commons:Licensing. This will specifically direct you towards the license requirements and how to fulfill them on any Wikimedia project.  This will deal with the copying aspect.  There is then the acceptability of this to Wikibooks.  In my view and understanding Wikibooks should not be used to promote websites of any sort in any way.  When I have written this I will place a query in the staff lounge (I'll send you the link when I have done it) in order to get a wider opinion on this than just mine.  Please do not make further contributions until this is resolve (& I will not delete any pages you have contributed until then too) -- Herby  talk thyme 10:08, 23 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Link is here Staff_lounge/Chat thanks -- Herby talk thyme 10:22, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

 * As you rightly say However i would like to add that any external link coming from your site is predominantly promoting some product i.e. taking you away from your site to theirs/ another. and the links to yours would be responsible for taking people away from Wikibooks -- Herby talk thyme 10:25, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Reever2, I would like to let you know that I'm not so concerned with the "external links" as Herbythyme has expressed here, but I am concerned about the potential copyright violations. We are cautious, almost to the point of paranoia (some would say even beyond that), to make sure that all of the content which is contributed to our project is contributed legally. We go way beyond what is legally required in terms of being a "safe harbor" and aggressively go after copyright violations which we detect through a number of methods. One of the reasons for this is that we do intend in the future to be able to redistribute and possibly sell the content here on Wikibooks in other formats besides just web pages.

A general assurance that you have permission to copy this content is not very comforting, especially when we aren't completely certain that you are who you claim to be here. It makes our job much easier if the web page itself grants explicit permission to use the content under terms like the GFDL, or we have some way to verify independently that permission has been formally granted to this project. This is mainly trying to build some sort of trust relationship that the rest of our on-line community can also rely upon, and to make sure that if we reuse this content elsewhere (under the terms of the GFDL) that we can do that legally. We do not permit a license "for use only on Wikibooks". I hope you can understand this. We are not asking you to give up copyright here, but you must explicitly grant us a license to redistribute this content to other places, including commercial usage, under the terms of this specific content license. Most of our participants understand this philosophy, so it generally isn't a problem, especially when content is added a paragraph or two at a time and heavily edited and rephrased.

As far as the external links are concerned, we tend to discourage redundant links unless they add significant additional value or are of a bibliographic nature. I understand the desire to try and build up external links to your website, but explicit links with what appears to be a desire to improve page rankings with search engines is seen as a form of link spamming. We deal with this so often that the automatic response is to remove any such links until somebody can give a strong reason for including them in a page. This is nothing against you or your company, but we say the same thing to everybody who tries to do this. I realize that the video files themselves to add some value to these recipes, but our desire is to have all multimedia like this to be included under the same terms as the text itself as well. That isn't strictly necessary, but it does help as we intend to redistribute this content on CD-ROMs and other sorts of formats where an on-line link may not always be easy to access this content.

The Cookbook has a long history with this project, and in fact pre-dates the creation of this website and domain name. I would like to encourage you to continue to make contributions here as long as they are either original creations or you have been given (and are able to document) permission to relicense the content under the terms of the GFDL. --Rob Horning 11:19, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

 * You said "Hi, Thanks for your comments. I have read the copyright obligations for Wikibooks, and am happy with your explanation. So can i get this straight- as long as i have permission to distribute this content i am ok to post. You can contact me on robert.reeve@videojug.com if you would like verification that i am in fact an employee of this company, and therefore have copyright permission. As for the external links- Google do not add page ranking (give added Search engne ranking benefits)to our site from any wiki pages, so we are not doing it for those reasons. We are trying to add good quality content to your site, and hopefully (i'm going to be honest) gain some referrals to our site. If you do distribute this material onto CD-Roms etc- our copyright will remain (that is correct isn't it!)" -- —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Reever2 (talk • contribs).

 * I would like to point out that you may have permission to distribute this content, but do you have authority (usually something delegated to a CEO or vice-president level here who has legal authority to sign a contract on behalf of the company... not a mere employee) to relicense the terms of content redistribution? This is a big deal, as the copyright disclaimer on your website is quite clear that your company will only give permission to redistribute content from that website with explicit permission... especially if it is for commercial purposes.  The GFDL requires that commercial purposes are explicitly allowed, although other restrictions are in place instead.  It is this sort of permission, from either the head of your company or the legal counsel (a barrister or an attorney) of your company that is needed.  If you are the head of this company or have this level of authority, this sort of permission would then be fine.  Unless it is a very small company that you work for, it is very unlikely that you have this level of authority.

 * As for the Google rankings, I won't get into the details here, but links from Wikimedia projects do, unfortunately (for us in dealing with this) have an impact on site rankings. It is only one of several factors, but it can bump your website up several notches when links do come from this website.  Wikipedia more so, but Wikibooks is one of the top 3000 websites in the world according to some measures of web traffic.  This may not be your intention, and for that I can understand.  As I said, the page links are something we can discuss and try to come to some sort of understanding on what is fair and what is not later one.  The big issue here really is the copyright violation.

 * In terms of you owning copyright, yes, that does not change. All we are asking for is a license to use this content under some very strict and well defined terms that have even had legal review by barristers, solicitors, and lawyers in many countries throughout the world.  Whole books and websites are devoted to discussing the fine points of this license, so I'm not asking you here to agree to terms that are hidden or havn't been reviewed at length.  Of course you might want to review these terms yourself and see if they are in line with how you and your company would be willing to allow us to redistribute this content.  You still retain copyright to this content, and are free to distribute this content under any other terms that you choose, including any mention that it may be available for free elsewhere, or under terms like the Microsoft End-User License Agreement.  We don't want the copyright ownership here, nor are we really set up to take ownership if it is given.  --Rob Horning 18:06, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks Robert for your help on this matter. It is being dealt with as we speak, but i would like to point out that the Wikipedia links don't help with page rankings, google search terms, or any other SEO benefit. SEO is a massive part of my job, and i can tell you now that Google (90% of web traffic) doesn't look at Wikipedia links (backlinks) in their algorithm. It has recently been publicized hugely in all SEO and digital marketing publications and conferences.

Copyright issues
Hi - hopefully you will have been keeping up to date with the discussion in the staff lounge here Staff_lounge/Chat. Reviewing this there is real concern over the copyright violation issue. In practice I would suggest that it is likely the pages will be deleted over the next few days, however it is possible to retrieve them (or recreate them). Much advice has been given you on licensing so I think the ball is back in your court & that of the web owner. Thanks -- Herby talk thyme 08:33, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Reever2


text:
Field Guide/Birds/Caprimulgus vociferus

/Transcluded Modules

title: Field Guide/Birds/Caprimulgus vociferus


text:
Field Guide/Birds/Colinus virginianus

/Birds - Eastern US and Canada

title: Field Guide/Birds/Colinus virginianus


text: Field Guide/Birds/Bonasa umbellus

title: Field Guide/Birds/Bonasa umbellus


text:
User:Shlokashnops

About me

I am a 13 year old young man in eighth grade with aspirations to join the navy, I live in central Arizona and I live with My bio-mom and My step dad. T_T

title: User:Shlokashnops


text:
User talk:216.23.242.78

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you. -- Jim Thomas (aka Jomegat) 18:01, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:216.23.242.78


text:
User talk:Tesla~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! Mattb112885 (talk) 18:03, 22 March 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Tesla. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Tesla~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:49, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:35, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tesla~enwikibooks