text:
Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Major Events/Severus' Death

Overview
In the belief that the Elder Wand will grant its allegiance only to one who has slain its previous owner, Lord Voldemort has his pet snake, Nagini, kill Severus Snape.

Event Details
Through the confusion of the Battle of Hogwarts, Hermione notices that there does not seem to be any sign of Voldemort. She asks Harry to try and look into his mind, to see where he is. Harry looks into Voldemort's mind, and sees Voldemort ordering a bedraggled-looking Lucius Malfoy to fetch Snape to him. Returning to himself, Harry tells Hermione and Ron that Voldemort is in the Shrieking Shack.

Making their way through the tunnel to the Shrieking Shack, the Trio find their way into the Shack blocked by boxes. Hidden by these boxes, they listen (and Harry watches) as Snape reports to Voldemort. Snape seems to be asking permission to enter Hogwarts and fetch Harry out for Voldemort. Voldemort, however, has something else on his mind and summarily dismisses Snape's request. He says that the Elder Wand that he has retrieved from Dumbledore's tomb is a fine wand, but is nothing special. He says that he believes that the wand is not performing to its best ability because it has not yet shifted its allegiance to him. And why not? Because Snape killed Dumbledore, and so the wand currently owes its allegiance to Snape. The wand will not perform its best for Voldemort until Snape is dead. So saying, Voldemort waves his pet snake, Nagini, in her nest of protective spells, into Snape. Nagini immediately bites Snape, who falls. Voldemort and Nagini leave the room; Harry pushes the boxes aside and kneels over the fallen Snape. Seeing Harry, Snape forces a large quantity of memories out of his head, and Harry collects them in a crystal flask that Hermione provides. Then, asking Harry to look into his eyes, Snape dies.

Notable Consequences
The memories that Snape has provided to Harry will prove, once and for all, where his loyalties have lain for the entire series. The viewing of these memories explains much of why Snape has acted the way he has throughout the series, and will affirm Dumbledore's trust of Snape.

The memories Harry has received will also give Harry the necessary information he needs to finally defeat Voldemort.

The death of Snape leaves Voldemort confident in having finally gained the full powers of the Elder Wand. This faith may be misplaced.

Analysis
As we will find out, there is really a large amount of information that Snape feels the need to pass to Harry. There is no way that Snape could have told it all to Harry in the midst of the battle, and in fact there is little way that Harry would have been prepared to believe anything that Snape, a Death Eater deep within the councils of Voldemort, could have told him. Yet, despite the battle proceeding apace, Harry must get this information. Snape's death, and the immediate crushing urgency of getting the message to Harry, is likely the only way that Snape could have gotten these memories to Harry in the available time, and likely the only way that Harry could have accepted them.

Greater Picture
The key piece of information that Harry receives from Snape is that a fragment of Voldemort's soul is lodged within Harry, and that the only way to dislodge it, and thus prevent Voldemort from returning again, is to have Voldemort kill Harry. Snape has been charged with passing this message on by Dumbledore, once Voldemort stops sending Nagini out to run his errands, instead keeping her close and magically protected. This actually is one link in the chain which almost fails. While Dumbledore does generally plan for the occasional failure, he had somehow assumed that once Voldemort had started protecting Nagini, Snape would still have the necessary freedom of motion to be able to pass the message on to Harry. Dumbledore had clearly not been aware either that Voldemort would so lightly kill his main lieutenant, or that the animosity between Snape and Harry would be increased by Dumbledore's death to the point that Harry would actually have killed Snape given the chance. If Harry had not been present at Snape's death, or if he had not been restrained from killing Snape by the presence of Voldemort and Nagini, the message would never have been passed, and the one remaining soul shard would have remained, anchoring Voldemort to the earth and to Harry.

Several additional pieces of Snape's memory come along with that one fact, however. Snape evidently feels the need to explain himself, and his actions. We learn that Snape had acted out of unrequited love for Harry's mother, Lily Evans. It is likely that it was necessary for Snape to include that background; it is uncertain whether Harry would have believed him, even given the memories, if he had not had that information about why Snape had acted as he did. Without that information, the ties holding Snape to the Order of the Phoenix seem far too tenuous to make us believe in them, and we would continue to believe, as Harry has, that Snape's first loyalty is to Voldemort. Given that belief, anything Snape could say would be seen as serving the interests of Voldemort, rather than of Harry. Harry, feeling that Snape had duped poor, trusting Dumbledore as he had everyone else, would equally distrust anything Snape told Dumbledore, making the memories of Snape and Dumbledore's discussions also entirely suspect.

Harry, having seen these memories, recognizes that Snape was a strong wizard, true to his given word no matter how distasteful the duties he was assigned, and was acting throughout in Harry's best interests, at Dumbledore's request. As we will find out in the epilogue, Harry eventually names one of his children after both Snape and Dumbledore.


text:
User talk:PrincessCloe16

Instead of User talk:PrincessCloe16, I want to call this page, my blog. Whenever I put in my blog entry, you will see the date next to it so you can know when I put it in.

April 4th- This is the first day of PrincessCloe16's blog! I feel great! Bye!

Wikibooks is Not a Blog
Welcome, PrincessCloe16!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Webaware talk 09:38, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:PrincessCloe16


text:
User:WongFei

Hello Everyone,

My name is Michael and I am a new editor and contributor here on wikibooks. I plan on finishing the Japanese text book. Lived in Japan for 2 years and having been studying for about five.

Let's do this.

title: User:WongFei


text:
User:Sibbitts

wikiMathrEvolution

title: User:Sibbitts


text:
A-level Physics (Advancing Physics)/Standing Waves

When two coherent waves - waves of equal frequency and amplitude - travel in opposite directions through the same area, an interesting superposition effect occurs, as is shown in the following animation:

Some areas of the resultant waveform consistently have an amplitude of 0. These are known as nodes. At other points (half-way between the nodes), the resultant waveform varies from twice the amplitude of its constituent waveforms in both directions. These points are known as antinodes. Everywhere in between the nodes and antinodes varies to a lesser degree, depending on its position.

This effect only occurs if the two waveforms have the same amplitude and frequency. If the two waves have different amplitudes, the resultant waveform is similar to a standing wave, except that it has no nodes, and 'moves'.

Because of these conditions, standing waves usually only occur when a waveform is reflected back on itself. For example, in a microwave oven, the microwaves are reflected by the metal on the other side of the oven from the transmitter. This creates nodes and antinodes. Since nothing cooks at the nodes, a turntable is necessary to ensure that all of the food passes through the antinodes and gets cooked.

Frequencies
Consider a string, attached at either end, but allowed to move freely in between. If you pluck it, you create a wave which travels along the string in both directions, and is reflected at either end of the string. This process keeps on happening, and so a standing wave pattern is created. The string goes up, and then down, as shown in the first row of the diagram on the right. If you imagine the top arc as the first half of a waveform, you can see that when the string is vibrating at the fundamental frequency, the string is half as long as the wavelength: it is ½λ long. Therefore, λ=2L

If you were to pinch the string in the middle, and then pluck it on one side, a different standing wave pattern would be generated. By plucking, you have created an antinode, and by pinching, you have created a node. If you then let go of the string, the standing wave pattern spreads, and the string length now equals the wavelength. This is known as the first harmonic.

As you pinch the string in descending fractions (½, ⅓, ¼, etc.), you generate successive harmonics, and the total length of the string is equal to additional ½λ wavelengths.

Pipes
Consider a pipe which is open at one end, and closed at the other. In pipes, waves are reflected at the end of the pipe, regardless of whether it is open or not. If you blow across the end of the tube, you create a longitudinal wave, with the air as the medium. This wave travels down the tube, is reflected, travels back, is reflected again, and so on, creating a standing wave pattern.

The closed end of the pipe must be a node; it is the equivalent of pinching a string. Similarly, the open end must be an antinode; blowing across it is the equivalent of plucking the string.

Harmonics can be present in pipes, as well. This is how musical instruments work: an open hole in a wind instrument creates an antinode, changing the frequency of the sound, and so the pitch.

Questions
1. The air in a 3m organ pipe is resonating at the fundamental frequency. Organ pipes are effectively open at both ends. What is the wavelength of the sound?

2. A string is vibrating at the second harmonic frequency. How many wavelengths long is the standing wave created?

3. Express, in terms of λ, the length of a pipe which is closed at one end, where λ is the length of one wave at the fundamental frequency.

/Worked Solutions/


text:
User talk:സുഹൈറലി~enwikibooks

Welcome message
Welcome, സുഹൈറലി!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Webaware talk 09:34, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

More appropriate for Wikisource?
G'day, I've looked at your books Human face of Relegion / Islam and Muhammed: Superme mentor of humanity, and they appear to be more suited to our sister project, Wikisource. Whereas Wikibooks is more about textbooks, Wikisource is a collector of source texts and translations. I personally believe that Wikisource is a more appropriate home for these books. Webaware talk 09:34, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called സുഹൈറലി. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name സുഹൈറലി~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:55, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:40, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:സുഹൈറലി~enwikibooks


text: User talk:60.52.12.2

title: User talk:60.52.12.2


text:
A-level Physics (Advancing Physics)/Standing Waves/Worked Solutions

'''1. The air in a 3m organ pipe is resonating at the fundamental frequency. Organ pipes are effectively open at both ends. What is the wavelength of the sound?'''

$$3 = \frac{\lambda}{2}$$

so λ = 2 x 3 = 6m.

'''2. A string is vibrating at the second harmonic frequency. How many wavelengths long is the standing wave created?'''

$$(2 + 1) \times \frac{\lambda}{2} = \frac{3\lambda}{2}$$

3. Express, in terms of λ, the length of a pipe which is closed at one end, where λ is the length of one wave at the fundamental frequency.

¼λ (this is the distance between a node and an antinode)


text:
User talk:193.219.244.3

I have nominated your recently created page for deletion as I believe it isn't suitable for Wikibooks. Wikibooks is intended for books and your page seems more suitable for Wikipedia. --ЗAНИA talk 11:42, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:193.219.244.3


text:
Logo Programming

Logo inherits lists from Lisp, and they are its primary method of storing vectors. Arrays are also provided.

 * Operators exist to convert words into lists, and lists into arrays and back again.
 * This data type has the advantage over arrays that it is infinitely expandable. Data are extracted using the operations first, butfirst, last, butlast, butmember, member and item. Data elements are added using sentence fput and lput.
 * A list can be considered to be a queue with the operators queue and dequeue, or a stack with the operations push and pop.
 * Recursion rather than iteration is the natural method to process lists.

Example: using list primitives to extract the first five members of a list
One way would be to use iteration.

Another, more elegant way would be

This method uses recursion, and is an example of a functional rather than an imperative programming approach.

And a more general way would be

Control structure commands
Logo provides several common control structures.

There are iteration commands

Recursion is Logo's preferred processing paradigm.

Template iteration
Logo also provides list-based control structures. The basic idea is that you have two lists

OPERATION [ a list of commands ] [ many data items ] each of the commands is applied in turn to each of the data items. There are several of these template commands with names like MAP, APPLY, FILTER, FOREACH, REDUCE and CASCADE. They represent four flavours of template iteration, known as explicit-slot, named-procedure, named-slot (or Lambda), and procedure-text.

show map [? * ? ] [ 5 6 7 ] [25 36 49 ] show filter [ (count ?) > 4 ] [ the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog ] [quick brown jumps] show foreach [1 2 3 4 5] [ ? * 10 ] [10 20 30 40 50]

RUN [ list of commands ] ;run a list of commands (or programs) from in a program.

Property lists
A property list is a special list where the odd number items are property names, and the even are property values. There are three commands to process property list. pprop :listname :name :value ;to add a new pair to the list remprop :listname :name :value ;to remove a pair to the list show gprop :listname :name ;to get the matching value from the list

I/O Commands
Text may be written to the command window (output stream) using   and to the graphics window using

The standard commands are  with the normal input stream being the keyboard. In Unix tradition the input stream can be changed, so input can come from a disk file. Similarly, output can be redirected.

openread [filename] setread[filename] setreadpos nn readchar setread[] close [filename].

There are equivalent commands to change the output stream,

dribble [filename] Creates a transcript of everything that is typed in or outputted to the command window. nodribble This turns it off.

I/O commands can be applied to generate text to resemble a known bitmap, also seen in ASCII art conversion programs. An example of this, a set of crosses resembling the Mandelbrot set.<!-- If this example is important, please supply the Logo code and let the reader generate the output                                                  X                                                                                X                                                                                XX                                                                                XXXX XXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX                                                                              XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X     XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX   XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX X     XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX                                                                             XX  XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXX XXXX XX                                                                                X                                                                                X then a screen dump of the result in MSW or X-logo would be nice! -->

Graphics
Turtle graphics is a powerful method of introducing thinking but LOGO also has a few useful Cartesian commands home        ;returns the turtle to (0,0) setx xx      sety yy      ; sends the turtle, still drawing to (xx,yy) seth nn     ; sets the turtle on a heading or compass bearing of (nn)

Example: calculating and drawing a sundial for a given latitude
This is a typical garden dial. The graphic can be printed and transferred to wood or brass to make an accurate garden timepiece. The same code in a different Logo dialect (in this case, NetLogo, would look like this. A sundial plate must be adjusted by latitude using the formula x= arctan( sin(latitude)*tan(HourDiff * 15) ) The Gnomon Angle = latitude.
 * [[Image:Ex10 38N.jpg|center|Sundial in Berkeley, California]]

This dial above is set for 38N, the latitude of Berkeley, California. A small correction should also be made for longitude.

MSWLogo extensions
MSWLogo supports multiple turtles, and 3D Graphics. MSWLogo allows input from COM ports and LPT ports and also hardware ports. MSWLogo also supports a windows interface thus I/O is available through this GUI- and keyboard and mouse events can trigger interrupts.

GIF animations
Simple GIF animations may also be produced on MSWlogo version 6.5 with the gifsave command. Below is an example of code to generate a simple animation. to squareani :number setactivearea [-5 -5 105 105]        ;we do not want to save the entire screen local "col setpensize [3 3]                      ;make it a noticeable square  make "append "false                   ;signify that we want to start a new animation   repeat :number [    cs    make "col 255*(repcount-1)/(:number-1) setpc (list :col :col :col)        ;change the square's color repeat 4 [                        ; fd 100 rt 90                      ;draw the square ]                                 ;   (gifsave "squareani.gif 5 :append 0) ;save to squareani.gif   make "append "true                   ;from now on, we want to keep adding frames to squareani.gif   ] end Thus, with a :number variable of 15 frames, the result is given below, along with a slightly more complex example (note that this gifsave feature does not yield the same quality color gradients as Logo would save in bitmap form):

Save/Load Functions
MSWLogo and FMSLogo support saving and loading of LOGO procedures and files.

to clone make "generation :generation + 1 make "newfilename (word "reproducer :generation ".lgo) save :newfilename load :newfilename end Make "generation 0 Make "newname "reproducer1.lgo Make "startup [clone]

LOGO

title: Logo Programming


text:
Indian Tipi/Sioux Tipi

Tents in which open fires can be lit for warmth have been known for hundreds of years. On the North American continent, the Plains Indians have developed different variations of the essentially conical style of tent, generally known as the tipi. The Indian tipi usually has a substantially circular base, and its height from base to apex is about the same as the base diameter. The traditional construction of an Indian tipi involves first erecting a plurality of poles with their lower ends spaced around a circle intended to define the base of the eventual tipi and their upper ends fastened together at the peak. Primarily, the tipi was a conical tent covered with dressed buffalo skins. Everywhere the tipi was made, cared for, and set up by the women. First, a conical framework of long slender poles was erected and the cover raised into place. Then the edges of the cover were staked down and the poles supporting the "ears" put in place. The "ears" are wings, or flies, to keep the wind out of the smoke hole at the top; they were moved about by the outside poles. The fire was built near the center and the beds spread upon the ground around the sides. The head of the family usually sat near the rear, or facing the door.

The "skin" of the tipi, when laid flat on the ground, is generally semi-circular in shape, and includes two smoke flaps extending from the middle area of the side corresponding to the diameter of the semicircle. These smoke flaps, when the tent is wrapped around the erected poles, take up a position in which they extend downwardly from the tipi peak on either side of an opening through which smoke is evacuated from the interior of the tipi. In the traditional construction of the tipi, the smoke flaps are held in a taut condition by flap poles of which the top ends engage the smoke flaps and the bottom ends are dug into the ground. The flap poles bear inwardly against the side of the tent, and are resisted by the support poles inside the tipi.

The entrance to the tipi is directly beneath the smoke flap, and the tipi is always erected so that the entrance and the smoke hole are directed away from the prevailing wind. In order to achieve a good draught so that the smoke from the interior fire will exit through the smoke hole, the traditional tipi is at least 12 feet high, and often as much as 18 or 20 feet in height.

title: Indian Tipi/Sioux Tipi


text:
Indian Tipi/Smoke Flaps

Preferably, the structure is erected in such an orientation that the prevailing wind tends to blow toward the back of the tipi. In this manner, the smoke flaps define an opening which is generally downwind, and this improves the draught in the interior of the tipi, so that smoke from a fire built on the ground within the tipi will be drawn up to the peak, and out through the flue opening between the smoke flaps.

It is not essential that the smoke flaps be an exact shape, since their configuration is a matter of choice. The lower corners of the smoke flaps need not be provided, for example, and the flaps can merely be triangular with the vertical edge extending directly from the pocket to the bottom of the flue opening. Where the corners are provided, however, they can be tied out to a tie-pole by cords, thus preventing the smoke flaps from flapping.

title: Indian Tipi/Smoke Flaps


text:
Indian Tipi/Sioux Tipi Pattern

While the general plan of the traditional Indian tipi represents an excellent design as far as smoke exhaustion and the maximum utilization of space are concerned, there are serious limits to its portability. The necessity of providing from 18 to 24 long poles at each site, or of transporting existing poles from site to site, makes the traditional tipi construction suited for the most popular kinds of camping.

title: Indian Tipi/Sioux Tipi Pattern


text:
Cookbook:Roast Pork

Roast pork is a wonderful dish. The fatty skin on the joint, if cooked correctly, forms what is known as crackling, where the skin crisps up into a brittle state and breaks your teeth as you eat it! This recipe was originally contributed by user Peterkirchem.

Ingredients

 * 1 ea. (about 5 lb or 2.5 kg) joint of loin or leg of pork
 * 1 tsp (5 ml) salt (rock salt preferred)
 * 1 large pinch ground black pepper
 * ¼ cup olive oil or other good cooking oil
 * 2 cups water
 * 1 onion, chopped
 * Herbs and spices as desired

Procedure

 * 1) On the morning of cooking, take the pork joint out of the fridge, and let it stand to warm up to room temperature.
 * 2) Preheat the oven to 220°C (400°F), and place the roasting tin you propose to use in the oven to heat up. If you have a spare one, place another onion in the tin as it heats up.
 * 3) If desired, remove the skin from the pork and butterfly the joint.
 * 4) Season the pork all over with whatever herbs or spices you like, and rub into the meat. If desired, poke whole cloves into the meat and sprinkle with dried sage. Similarly, you may cut a wide slit into the middle of the joint, and place some fresh sage or basil, chopped apples, and garlic into it.
 * 5) If you have removed the skin, place the skin on a open rack at the top of the oven, with nothing underneath it, and leave it hanging there until cooked and crispy.
 * 6) Spread the chopped onion in the bottom of a roasting pan. Add a little water, and place the pork joint on top of the onions.
 * 7) Place the pan in the middle shelf of the preheated oven. Roast for about 20 minutes per pound (50 minutes per kg) until the meat's juices run out clear (not pink) when a skewer or knife is inserted.
 * 8) Loosely cover the joint with aluminum foil, and leave it to rest for 15 or so minutes in a warm part of the kitchen. By this time the crackling should also be cooked. If it is not, turn your oven up to its highest setting and watch it carefully, as it will crackle up quickly.
 * 9) Carve the pork as desired, and serve with vegetables.

Meat

 * It is best to buy a 'joint' of pork loin or leg with the fat and skin, which should ideally have been scored by the butcher.
 * It's best to buy high quality free-range meat from a reliable butcher, and preferably not from a supermarket. The meat should be moist, slightly shiny in appearance and somewhere between pink and beige in colour.
 * The joint needs to relax in preparation for its weekend ordeal. Put it high in the fridge on a dish—don't even think about freezing it—with a quartered onion, and cover with foil. Turn it over occasionally, making sure you don't drain any juice that may seep out.

Technique

 * Try and use a cast-iron roasting tin. They conduct heat better.
 * Butterflying the joint will aid the roasting process as well as the carving. However for purists, you may need to re-string the joint before roasting.
 * If you have a George Foreman grill, you can attempt this recipe by placing the joint, skin-removed and flattened as much as possible, between the grill plates. The results are exquisite, as the meat gets slightly blackened on both sides and is moister as the cooking time is much reduced. Sprinkling a small amount of brown Caster sugar on the skin makes it even better! You cannot, however, achieve crackling this way, which has to be done in the usual manner, in the oven.
 * To ensure you get crispy skin crackling, there are multiple methods. The method in the recipe above, which separates the skin and cooks it separately, is very reliable. However, some prefer to keep the skin on the meat. Either way, ensure the skin is scored to a depth of about 2 mm in a criss-cross pattern. Rub over a small amount of oil, and then rub a generous amount of salt into the skin. If you take the skin off the joint, ensure you leave some of the fat underneath on, which will then crisp up a little whilst roasting.

Serving

 * Roast pork is usually served with applesauce. You can add a drop or two or rosewater to the applesauce, which gives it a most wonderful and subtle aroma.
 * This dish can be served with a sage sauce, which is made by mixing chopped, fresh sage, vinegar, and honey, heating in a pan, allowing to infuse for 15 minutes, and then serving separately.
 * Pork is often served with a variety of vegetables. Mashed potatoes (with a subtle addition of mustard) and a simple mixed salad are excellent.
 * The juices that run from the joint whilst cooking, which will have mixed with the onion, are perfectly adequate for a gravy (or a jus, as it is called)—sieve the juices from the roasting pan, ensuring any burnt bits are scraped off and mixed with the juices, reheat, and serve with the joint.

title: Cookbook:Roast Pork


text:
User talk:Amitjersy

Wikipedia is simply Gr8. I want to know abt tutorials

title: User talk:Amitjersy


text:
Talk:Ido/Lesson I2

Untitled
This page is a stub, and the beginning of the lesson 12. Please do not delete.

title: Talk:Ido/Lesson I2


text:
Talk:Ido/Lesson II2

Untitled
Please do not delete this page.

title: Talk:Ido/Lesson II2


text: User talk:85.72.179.17

title: User talk:85.72.179.17


text:
User talk:Imaginationac

Welcome!
Welcome, Imaginationac!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:08, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Imaginationac


text:
User talk:Wannes

Welcome!
Welcome, Wannes!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:08, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wannes


text:
Talk:Indian Tipi/Sioux Tipi

notes on sources

 * North American Indians of the Plains By Clark Wissler, 1912

title: Talk:Indian Tipi/Sioux Tipi


text: User talk:122.164.245.122

title: User talk:122.164.245.122


text:
User talk:Srfpala

Welcome!
Welcome, Srfpala!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.-- – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 15:28, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Srfpala


text:
FLTK/Basic applications

Basic window source code
Here is the smallest FLTK application, it shows an empty window:

Compiling and running this piece of code yields the following kind of window:

Basic application compilation
To build above code, first save it to a file named test.cxx. You can also use test.cpp, but the cxx extension is the one used by FLTK source code.

We assume GCC is installed, since it is required to build FLTK. Depending on the environment, windowing system libraries need to be linked against the executable. Basically, the following command is the minimum required to build test.cxx:

g++ -o test test.cxx -lfltk2

Using the X Window system (GNU Linux for example), you usually need to add the following ones:

g++ -o test test.cxx -lfltk2 -lXi -lXinerama -lXft

Under Mac OS X, you'll have to link with the Carbon framework:

g++ -o test test.cxx -lfltk2 -framework Carbon

title: FLTK/Basic applications


text:
Backpack Camping and Woodland Survival

/Introduction/

/Gear/

 * Basic Survival Kit
 * Clothing
 * Canvas sack backpack
 * Bedroll backpack
 * Packframes
 * Lights
 * Weaponry
 * Tools
 * Cooking
 * Sleeping
 * Hygiene
 * Miscellaneous

/Skills/

 * Water purification

Crafts

 * Tanning
 * Simple woodworking
 * Clothing
 * Weaving
 * Furniture
 * Packframes
 * Primitive knives
 * Bows and arrows
 * Staff making
 * Dreamcatchers

Clay Pottery

 * Pinch pots
 * Coil pots

Hunting and gathering

 * Primitive fishing
 * Hunting
 * Tracking
 * Traps and snares
 * Seasons
 * Safety and laws
 * Gutting
 * Skinning
 * Butchering
 * Cleaning
 * Field dressing
 * Gathering
 * Plants
 * Medicine

Fire

 * Safety
 * Prevention

Fire Starting

 * Bow drill
 * Hand drill
 * Pump drill
 * Bamboo saw
 * Flint and steel
 * Other methods

Cooking

 * Natural and harvested
 * Prepared food
 * Hollowing logs
 * Steam pits
 * Stone ovens
 * Cooking utensils
 * Cast iron
 * Sanitation and storage
 * Best practices

Natural Shelters

 * Caves

Quick Shelters

 * Lean-to

 * Tents

 * Tipis

 * Bivvy

/Emergency Techniques/

 * First aid
 * Emergency kits

Getting There
follow your nose and see where the wind takes you!
 * Navigation

title: Backpack Camping and Woodland Survival


text:
Talk:Backpack Camping and Woodland Survival

This book is a instructional guide. Reddi (talk) 15:55, 5 April 2008 (UTC)


text:
Cookbook:Pear Chutney

| Cuisine of India | Side Dishes

Pear chutney is served as a side dish for many Indian foods. It can be mild to extra hot depending on the individual preference.

Ingredients

 * 4½ lb firm ripe pears
 * 1 large green chile pepper
 * 1½ cups raisins
 * 4 cups sugar
 * 1 cup crystallised ginger, cut small
 * 3 cups white vinegar
 * ½ tsp salt
 * 1 cup water
 * ¼ tsp powdered cloves
 * ½ tsp cinnamon
 * ¼ tsp nutmeg
 * ¼ tsp allspice
 * 6 bay leaves
 * ½ cup liquid pectin

Procedure

 * 1) Pare, core, and slice pears.
 * 2) Chop pepper finely.
 * 3) Mix pears, pepper, raisins, sugar, crystallised ginger, white vinegar, salt, and water in a pot.
 * 4) Use string to tie spices in a cheesecloth bag and add to pears
 * 5) Simmer mixture until thick, about 2 hours.
 * 6) Remove spice bag.
 * 7) Add liquid pectin and boil for 1 minute.
 * 8) Pour immediately into hot, sterilised jars, and seal straight away.

title: Cookbook:Pear Chutney


text:
Cookbook talk:Pear Chutney

Ooops ... forgot to include Cookbook: at the beginning of this page's name. I don't see a 'Move' tab for this book though ... perhaps because I'm a new user on here? Can someone rename this page please to Cookbook:Pear chutney? Thank you. Wikidsoup (talk) 16:07, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Pear Chutney


text:
IB Music/Exam/HL Composition

An International Baccalaureate HL Music student must compose 5 to 15 minutes of music within the span of three compositions. These should demonstrate the composer's ability to communicate musically through a wide selection of genres. For example, one student may choose to write an avant garde version of a Gregorian chant, by mixing it with the arc and lyrics of a contemporary spiritual song, and also write a Sicilienne for flute, and a 12-tone composition for piano. The scores of the pieces are sent out into the world to be assessed, along with recordings of the pieces.

title: IB Music/Exam/HL Composition


text:
IB Music/Exam/Investigation

The HL Musical Investigation must be no more than a maximum of 2000 words, and is an ethnomusicalogical study, as well as a music theory study of two distinct musical cultures.

Ethnomusicology is the study of music from different areas and times. Students must compare and contrast two different genres of music from completely different areas and times to see the relationships between the two. Examples include the relationship between ragtime and Skandinavian folk Music or the differences between the punk rock and the Indian Tabla Drums. The more obscure the difference between the two the more likely you are to score well.

The Musical Investigation must also be written as a media script---THIS IS NOT AN ESSAY OR REPORT!!!! Again, the more obscure you can be with what type of media script, the better. Examples include a festival adjudicators sheet, a magazine article, a Myspace page, etc. Have fun with this part, because this is the most creative part of the Musical Investigation.

Advice to Writing the Musical Investigation
Try to write the Investigation in parts. Compare and contrast the Melody of each piece, then the Harmony of each piece, and so on. The reader will not follow your thought process as well as if you were to talk about Genre A and then go into how Genre B differs. Keep the similarites and differences close together - it just sounds like you know what you're talking about better.

GOOD LUCK!!!

Examples
These are some Musical Investigations, using a website as a media format:
 * Matthew Manjos: Improvisation in Baroque & Jazz
 * Byron Hallett: Baroque Music & Traditional Irish Celtic
 * Bebop & Opera
 * Korean Folk Music & New Age Piano

title: IB Music/Exam/Investigation


text: User talk:71.247.237.104

title: User talk:71.247.237.104


text:
User:Themis tocles

ΠΙ ΕΣ ΠΙ

title: User:Themis tocles


text:
User talk:70.19.90.175

--ЗAНИA talk 19:48, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:70.19.90.175


text: User:Jomegat/Sandbox/notoc

title: User:Jomegat/Sandbox/notoc


text:
User:Tiicoo:AFSKRB

 * target group: Anyone who is interested in distributed systems.
 * book content: Some common distributed systems that will be discussed are: OpenAFS, Kerberos, LDAP* design: After you have read the entire book you should be able to build up an OpenAFS Network around the world :-)
 * suggested requirements: In order to understand the content you should have some knowledge about network layers and distributed systems/programming
 * source for navigation:  User:Tiicoo:AFSKRB/Draft:Nav

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".

GNU Free Documentation License

title: User:Tiicoo:AFSKRB


text:
User talk:Xemkis12

Welcome!
Welcome, Xemkis12!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:00, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Xemkis12


text:
Blender 3D: Noob to Pro/Making Your Creation Smoother

Getting started
To begin, open a new scene in Blender. Let's clean up the scene a little by selecting the lamp and camera in the scene, press M to move them to a different layer and click on the fifth layer from the left to place the objects. Go back to layer 1 and delete anything else. You may also want to get rid of the grid by opening the View Properties and turning off the Grid Floor and X & Y axes.

To block out our character, we're going to use an object type that is probably the least used and useful of any known to mankind. Let's hear it for... Metaballs!

Sculpting With "Lumps of Clay"
Go into the top view (important), press Space and add a metaball. Metaballs are a nifty, ancient piece of 3D technology that is useful for creating blobs. (Similar to lumps of clay, eh?) You create simple primitive shapes and scale and rotate them to block out your character's shape. When the primitives come close to one another, they "bleed into one another" in much the same way that water droplets merge when they touch. Cool.

If you're using an earlier version of Blender that jumps out of Object mode into Edit mode when you create an object, then press Tab to switch back to Object mode, as you won't be able to scale your Meta primitive non-proportionally in Edit mode.

In Object mode, you can change these options for the entire Meta object, while tabbing into Edit mode gives you more options for the selected meta primitive, such as changing the type from Ball to Tube, Plane, Cube, ;;etc.; (You can also make "Negative metaballs.")

Press Shift+D to duplicate the Metaball, and place it where you like. Continue blocking out your character, building enough blobs to represent the limbs or forms you will need to sculpt your masterpiece.

The balls at the end of the limbs, were scaled SKEY larger, and then moved GKEY out a bit more.

Don't get carried away and put in too much detail at this stage: use as few shapes as you need. (This is supposed to be quick and fun, after all...)

Meta-mess!
You should still be in object mode.

Now that you've got something that resembles what you're after, select all the Metaballs and ( be in object mode) type ALT+C -> "delete original", to convert it to polygons so you can actually do something with your blob.

Noob note: if you pick "keep original" you will still have the meta balls present, plus have a mesh version of the metaballs sharing exactly the same space. When you select "delete original", the meta balls are turned into the mesh, and the circles that the metaballs were originally in hang around, but are empty.

Still in object mode!

Delete any of those black rings left over from the metas and select your new polygon mesh.

If you Tab into Edit mode you will see terrifying ugliness instead of nicely gridded mesh. "Surely we can't be expected to create anything useful out of this!" you shriek. Take it easy, my friend. It's time to add a Decimate modifier (make sure you're in object mode when doing this to see changes).

Switch back to object mode!

The Decimate modifier (you will only see things change if you're in object mode) will do two things for us. Its primary job is to reduce the poly count of a mesh. A pleasant side-effect for our purposes is that it will begin to rearrange the topology into a more manageable heap of triangles and quads. Keep reducing the Ratio slider below 0.5 until it becomes as coarse as you can stand. You want the lowest polygon base you can have that still maintains enough detail in the limbs and shapes you made with the Metaball phase.

One thing to watch for is that this process sometimes creates holes as it does its best to simplify the mesh. I find that usually you can slightly change the Ratio to fix the problem, but if you're still finding holes, check out the "Tips & Tricks" section at the end.

As you can see, this step greatly reduces the Face Count, which will be good later. Next we need to get rid of as many of those triangles as possible. Click Apply (in the modifier panel)

Switch to Edit mode!

Press A until all of the vertices are selected (turn yellow) and hit Alt-J to convert the faces from triangles to quads, which will subdivide better. Now you should have something you can work with.

Beginning to sculpt
Right next to the Modifiers panel is the Multires panel. (Note: In recent versions of Blender this is not its own panel---it is a Modifier.) A multires object has the options to add numerous levels of smooth subdivision to a mesh. While you can use the sculpt tools on any polygon or nurbs mesh, the great strength of sculpting with Multires is the ability to jump back and forth to different levels, quickly sketching out the gross form at lower levels, and adding finer detail at the higher levels. Add the Multires and Add a level; we're ready to sculpt!

 * Noob note: If nothing seems to be happening while you're trying to sculpt your mesh, it's because you haven't applied your Decimate. it must be locked down and applied before you're actually allowed to do anything to your mesh.

 * Noob note: Only apply multires once, doing it a few times will quickly increase the polygon count to amounts that will really slow blender down

In case you haven't noticed, Blender's different modes offer different tool sets and options. To make the sculpting tools available you need to be in Sculpt mode, accessible through the Mode drop-down in any 3D window header. You'll see two new tabs next to the multires panel, Sculpt and Brush. Sculpt has most of the options you'll need to begin shaping your mesh. Note that most of the different brushes in this panel have hot-keys which will save a lot of time(G=Grab, D=Draw, S=Smooth, etc.). Most important here is changing the brush size and intensity. Pressing F and dragging the mouse will resize the brush, while Shift-F will allow you to adjust the Brush Intensity. You can also turn on Symmetry to paint, for instance, both sides of a face at one time. This can speed up tasks tremendously, as long as your mesh is aligned to the axis properly.


text:
User talk:Arefindk

Welcome!
Welcome, Arefindk!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:01, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Arefindk


text:
User talk:Herman~enwikibooks

Welcome!
Welcome, Herman!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:01, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Herman. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Herman~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:13, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:02, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Herman~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Aldeir~enwikibooks

Welcome!
Welcome, Aldeir!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:01, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Aldeir. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Aldeir~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:55, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:30, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aldeir~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Anylo4u~enwikibooks

Welcome!
Welcome, Anylo4u!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:01, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Anylo4u. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Anylo4u~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:56, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:33, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anylo4u~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Rboza

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Welcome, Rboza!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:01, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rboza


text:
User talk:Yesenia27

Welcome!
Welcome, Yesenia27!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:01, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yesenia27


text:
User talk:Mgturbostar

Welcome!
Welcome, Mgturbostar!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:02, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mgturbostar


text:
User talk:Chsanthosh~enwikibooks

Welcome!
Welcome, Chsanthosh!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:02, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Chsanthosh. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Chsanthosh~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:02, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:48, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chsanthosh~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Ra88~enwikibooks

Welcome!
Welcome, Ra88!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:02, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ra88. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ra88~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:38, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:24, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ra88~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Cmal05

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Welcome, Cmal05!

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title: User talk:Cmal05


text:
User talk:Zacked101~enwikibooks

Welcome!
Welcome, Zacked101!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:25, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Zacked101. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Zacked101~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:54, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:40, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Zacked101~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Adesignpr

Welcome!
Welcome, Adesignpr!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.--ЗAНИA talk 20:25, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Adesignpr


text:
User talk:72.140.214.215

Join Us!
--ЗAНИA talk 20:26, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:72.140.214.215


text:
User talk:146.87.255.19

You have been blocked from editing Wikibooks for a period of 2 hours because of disruptive edits.

--ЗAНИA talk 20:41, 5 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:146.87.255.19


text: User talk:76.105.12.165

title: User talk:76.105.12.165


text:
Wikijunior:Ancient Civilizations/Slavs

What Countries Did They Live In?
(West) Slavs lives in Poland, Czechia, Slovakia, (South) Slavs lives in Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Macedonia and (East) Slavs lives in Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Russia.

What did their writing look like?
The early Slavs were a non-writing culture. After they converted to Christianity, they adopted different writing systems based on which church they converted into. The Catholic Slavs (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Slovenes, Croats) adopted the Latin alphabet, while the Eastern Orthodox Slavs (Russians, Belarusians, Ukrainians, Bulgarians, North Macedonians, Serbs) adopted the Cyrillic alphabet.

What did they believe?
Early Slavic people believed in many gods. For example, Perun, the god of thunder and lightning, Svarogc father of the chief deities, Dazhbog the god of sun and Svarazic the god of fire are some of their gods. The two most important gods were Byelobog (or Byelun) the White God and Chernobog the Black God. Most of the Slavic people converted to Christianity, that was practiced in the Byzantine Empire in eastern Europe. By the 1000s, all Slavic lands had been converted to Christianity.

title: Wikijunior:Ancient Civilizations/Slavs


text:
Wikijunior:Ancient Civilizations/Munhumutapa

What Countries Did They Live In?
The Munhumutapa people lived in the south east coasts of Africa in the area of the modern countries of Zimbabwe and Mozambique. The Kingdom of Mutapa Empire (Shona: Wene we Mutapa; Portuguese: Monomotapa) was a medieval kingdom (c. 1450-1629) which stretched between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers of Southern Africa in the modern states of Zimbabwe and Mozambique. Its founders are culturally and politically related to the builders who constructed Great Zimbabwe.

What did their buildings look like?
The buildings were built between the eleventh to fifteenth centuries, and are the oldest remains in the South of Africa. It is believed that 18,000 people lived in Great Zimbabwe, the capital of the Kingdom of Zimbabwe. The ruins that have survived until today are built entirely of stone and we think the architecture was like that to protect from other people. Because of their great ability to construct such a great city, now Great Zimbabwe is a National Monument.

What did they eat?
They ate Sadza, and Nyama. The meat from cattle, and game.

What did they wear?
All of the Mutapa Empire people commonly wore the same loosely woven cotton cloths, called machiras, they also wore horn-like headgear as an adornment, being made of their own hair turned back in a strange manner.

What did they believe?
They believed in Mwari, and the Mhondoro. They used animal totems as well.


text: User talk:147.9.77.180

title: User talk:147.9.77.180


text:
User talk:Taneyville

Welcome to Wikibooks, Taneyville!

Disaster Recovery
This book which you created in 2008 has been queried because it contains no useful content and no development has taken place in a number of years. The book may be deleted in the next 7 days.--ЗAНИA talk 14:18, 14 August 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Taneyville


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Fungi/Smut

The smuts are fungi, mostly Ustilaginomycetes (of the class Teliomycetae, subphylum Basidiomycota), that cause plant disease.

Smuts affect grasses, notably including cereal crops such as maize. They initially attack the plant's reproductive system, forming galls which darken and burst, releasing fungal spores which infect other plants nearby.

A smut infestation is controlled by removing and destroying the infected plants. In Agriculture, this process is known as destruction of the initial inoculum.

There are several types of smut including:
 * Corn smut
 * Sugarcane smut
 * Loose smut

|


text:
User talk:Dfssheehan

Welcome to Wikibooks, Dfssheehan!

title: User talk:Dfssheehan


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Fungi/Alternaria alternata

Alternaria alternata has been recorded infecting over 380 host species. It is opportunistic pathogen on numerous hosts causing leaf spots, rots and blights on many plant parts. It also causes upper respiratory tract infections in AIDS patients and asthma in people with sensitivity.

|


text:
User talk:Hissheep

Welcome to Wikibooks, Hissheep!

title: User talk:Hissheep


text:
User talk:Cassady-cj

Welcome to Wikibooks, Cassady-cj!

title: User talk:Cassady-cj


text:
User talk:Brytton-cj

Welcome to Wikibooks, Brytton-cj!

title: User talk:Brytton-cj


text:
User talk:Burgundi-cj

Welcome to Wikibooks, Burgundi-cj!

title: User talk:Burgundi-cj


text:
User talk:Sibbitts

Welcome to Wikibooks, Sibbitts!

title: User talk:Sibbitts


text:
User talk:Hannah-cj

Welcome to Wikibooks, Hannah-cj!

title: User talk:Hannah-cj


text:
User talk:Xosa~enwikibooks

Welcome to Wikibooks, Xosa!

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Xosa. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Xosa~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

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Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Fungi/Botryotinia

Botryotinia is a genus of ascomycete fungi causing several plant diseases. The anamorphs (asexual reproductive stage) of Botryotinia are mostly included in the imperfect fungi genus Botrytis. The genus contains 22 species and one hybrid.

Plant diseases caused by Botryotinia species appear primarily as blossom blights and fruit rots but also as leaf spots and bulb rots in the field and in stored products. The fungi induce host-cell death resulting in progressive decay of infected plant tissue, whence they take nutrients.

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Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Nature/Fungi/Magnaporthe grisea

Magnaporthe grisea, also commonly known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, and johnson spot, is a plant-pathogenic fungus that causes an important disease affecting rice. It can also infect a number of other agriculturally important cereals including wheat, rye, barley, and pearl millet causing diseases called blast disease or blight disease. M. grisea causes economically significant crop losses annually, each year it is estimated to destroy enough rice to feed more than 60 million people. The fungus is known to occur in 85 countries worldwide.

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User:Hotpep per/monobook.css

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title: User:Hotpep per/monobook.css


text:
Comparative Religion/History of religion

"Where does religion come from?" "How did it develop?"

The origin of religion is uncertain, but it has been suggested that it evolved for the nurture of children. That is to say it is probably a mechanism which helps us survive and thrive as human beings within a community founded on shared beliefs, traditions and practices.

Apart from any consideration of "what the true religion is," or "what is true in any given religion," we can reasonably ask what the source of the religious impulse is. That is actually within the purview of the first book in this series but here we want to look at what the religions themselves say about the subject. How would any particular individual answer the question, "How did we begin to relate to the divine?"

What is the myth of religion?

But before we look at this concept of myth, let's take a brief look at the actual historical entity we call religion (at least, as much as we think we know about that history.) I will follow the Random House Timetables of History as a guide to organize this discussion.

There is a good bit of controversy about how religion "got started". With the current dialog about the neuronal area in the brain dubbed the "God center" it is possible that it, in fact, was always there, as long as there has been humans. Until recently, it has been assumed that religion appeared and developed with agriculture as fertility cults centered around the worship of an Earth mother, but that hardly explains the elaborate burial procedures used by prehistoric hunter and nomad societies. We must admit that we simply do not know how or where religion started.

Stone Age
Religious behaviour is thought to have emerged by the time of the Upper Paleolithic (Late Stone Age) more than 30,000 years ago. but behavioural patterns such as burial rites that might be characterized as religious reach back at least 300,000 years, with the first appearance of our near cousins Homo Neanderthalensis and our own direct Homosapiens ancestors. Religious behaviour may be ritual, spiritual, mythological or magical in character, often a combination of ideas and beliefs typically regarding absent ancestors and the impending cycles of the natural world, may have had separate histories of development during the Middle Palaeolithic before combining into "proper religion" of kingdoms and empires.

Ancient Religion
Until about 12,000 years ago around 10,000 BC (Before the Common Epoch - meaning the modern calender date that Dennis the Dwarf miscalculated to be the birth of Christ) stone-age people survived in small groups. As the warmer Holocene period began, agriculture and complex societies emerged, empires flourished. About 5000 years ago, writing was invented and recorded history began. about 4000 years ago in Persia (Mesopotamia) Zoroaster simplified the pantheon of confusing gods into two easily understood opposing forces - chaos and wisdom. We can not now know for sure if ancient historical characters ('ancient' means mentioned in writing) such as Zoroaster were real people, the name of a group of scholars or a fictional composite to explain the fusion of several schools of thought.

Past assumptions are quickly being eliminated by new information. We do know that priesthoods developed early in Egypt and Mesopotamia to officiate in the worship of gods who supposedly presided over local regions. These religions had intricate rituals, associated artistic and architectural traditions, and concepts such as divine kingship. Worship of nature deities was a feature of the Mediterranean world and Mesopotamia before the third millennium BC.

About 1772 BCE the sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi developed written law which he had inscribed on stone pillars or 'Stele' in every important settlement. This legal code is one of the oldest deciphered writing of significant length found anywhere in the world. The authority of the Code of Hammurabi is based on his having been appointed and instructed by the prevailing regional gods and consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" (lex talionis) so that severity of punishment depended on social status such as slaves, women, free men or noble lords

Bronze Age Religions
Mesopotamian religion had developed into its classical form in the early dynastic period. It recognized four major gods: Anu, the god of heaven; Enlil, the god of wind; Enki, the god of water; and Ninhursag, the goddess of birth. Divination was practiced as part of the religious rituals.

Egyptian religion reflected the stability of life in the Nile valley in the early dynastic period. A belief in an afterlife was well established by that time and was extended to include people other than royalty with the decline of the Old Kingdom.

Invasions of warrior, Aryan cultures following 2000 BC, caused changes in the great religions of the Near East including the development of ecstatic sacrificial cults but, despite that and the brief incursion of the interesting monotheistic religion sponsored by the Pharaoh Akhenaton, Egyptian religion remained quite hardy and virtually unchanged. Nevertheless, this historical matrix provided the cultural ground from which the ethical monotheism of the Israelite tribes grew. Whatever the initial events, this is the fertile ground from which Judaism, Islam, and Christianity grew.

The Aryan invaders of India carried with them the seeds of the religion that would be embodied in the collection of sacred hymns called the Vedas. This was a complex, polytheistic religion that would develop into the Hindu religion.

During the period of the Judges, a strong emphasis toward purity in the monotheistic religion of Israel developed, reinforcing the resistance of outside influences and the tendency to add deities to the traditional faith.

Around 1000 BC, a secular philosophy emerged in China that set the stage for the major religious systems with their deemphasis of the supernatural. The Rigveda developed in India around this time, as did the Shinto religion in Japan.

The constant invasion of Greece by the northern tribes kept the religious thought there in flux and would lead to a flexible philosophical outlook that would foster the development of the brilliant 5th century Greek culture with its complicated pantheon of gods associated with Olympus.

Religion and Rulers
Religion is closely associated with absolute social control and rigid hierarchy, often ruled by a supposedly  deified hereditary single ruler such as 'A King appointed by God' (winning power by force clearly 'demonstrated' God's will)
 * For example, A Chinese military general, strategist and philosopher from the Zhou Dynasty (c. 722–481 BC) proposed terror be used to win wars and impose without fighting. Before hiring a general the King is said to have challenged  him to convert a harem of concubines into soldiers. when first ordered  to face right, they giggled. In response, General Sun Tzu is supposed to have ordered the execution of the king's two most favoured concubines,because, if juniors did not obey, it was because their superiors were weak.

Alternatively people who were able to correctly predict astronomical events might be seen as magicians - able to bring the same order to human life.
 * For example, the concept of caste in India was elaborated around 700 BC by the Vedic tradition in order to organize division of labour and secure power in the hands of a ruling elite, the priestly caste of Brahman.

Nevertheless the period of time from 800 to 200 BC, called the axial age, saw a remarkable flowering of religious and philosophical thought. Buddhism and Jainism were significant offspring of Brahmanism. Zoroastrianism developed in Persia. Both Taoism and Confucianism became established in China. Greek philosophy began with Thales and his contemporaries and thrived through the time of Aristotle.

Iron Age Religions
The establishment of the Roman Empire set the stage for the Christian religion which began as a sect of the Jewish religion but quickly found its independence and thrived during the early years of persecution to become one of the most influential movements in Western civilization.

The complex doctrine of the Christian church developed, in large part, in response to emerging traditions outside the mainstream church including Gnosticism, Manichaeanism, Mithraism, and Montanism, and in response to legalistic tendencies within the mainstream church that tended to draw the adherents back into the parent Judaism. Constantine (c. 285 - 337) adopted Christianity as his own religion (possibly in addition to other religious affiliations) and provided religious freedom to all religions. Theodosius the Great (c. 379 - 395) then made Christianity the Roman state religion. Finally safe from outside attacks the Christian church then turned inward to begin a history of, often violent, internal disputes.

During this same time period - roughly the first 500 years AD, Buddhism's power increased, turning back to influence the parent religion, Hinduism and also moving into China to claim adherents there and to affect the traditional Chinese religions and philosophies. By 700, Buddhism was firmly established in China and Japan.

Islam appeared in the early 7th century and quickly grew. By 700 AD, it had spread across the Middle East. By the year 1000, it had reached India and Spain. Like Christianity, it had to deal with internal schism which have yet to be resolved.

In the centuries before the turn of the first millennium, the church became more and more political. The competition between the Eastern and Western churches led to a widening rift. The papal support of Charlemagne's empire gave the church greater prestige but individual clergy became more and more disreputable, which would eventually lead to the monastic Cluniac reform movement which emphasized clerical discipline.

The Dark Ages
During this time, the Sufi movement was founded in the Islamic society, emphasizing an austere mysticism in response to the rational idealism of orthodox Islam.

In the Americas, Mayan religion reached its zenith as a complex, hierarchical system.

The Vikings also reached a peak around 1000. They worshipped a pantheon of gods similar to the Germanic who were called the Aesir and were led by Odin.

Medievalism
After 1000, the church consolidated its power to judge the morality of secular political entities. Scholasticism appeared in both the Christian and the Muslim communities with a revival of interest in philosophy and especially Greek and Aristotlean thought. The First Crusade (1096–1099) captured Jerusalem and established Frankish kingdoms in the Near East.

The popular Mahayana form of Buddhism and the monastic Zen form appeared and developed in China and Japan.

During the years from 1250 to 1400, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scot, and William of Ockham brought European scholasticism to its zenith. The papacy of Boniface VIII marked the peak of papal power. After the move of the papacy to Avignon in 1305, the power of the papacy declined. The seeds of the Protestant Reformation were evident in the writings of people like William Langland and John Wycliffe who criticized the clergy for its corruption while advocation spiritual and social equality.

The first printed Bible was produced in 1456.

The Spanish Inquisition was instituted in 1478. Among its targets were Jews, Muslims, and Catholic intellectuals. The church also condemned the practice of witchcraft in 1484 and the manual of persecution of witches, the Malleus Maleficarum was published in 1487.

Modern Religious Thought
Martin Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of Wittenberg Castle Church in protest to corrupt practices in the Catholic Church in 1517. He was excommunicated in 1520. In 1521, at the Diet of Worms, he argued for justification by faith alone. He translated the Bible into the German vernacular around 1525.

In 1534, Henry VIII assumed full control over the Church of England in 1534.

John Calvin began his ministry in Geneva, Switzerland in 1541, teaching the doctrine that God had elected who would and would not be saved from the beginning (predestination).

The Council of Trent instituted the Catholic counter-reformation in 1545-1547.

Sikhism was founded by Nanak around 1519.

Francis Bacon wrote his masterwork on the scientific method, Novum Organum, in 1620. Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) championed the cause of science and ran afoul of the church, spending his last years of life in house arrest. René Descartes (1598–1650) developed many of the method that would allow for a mathematical evaluation of physical phenomenon. A materialistic view of nature was developing that would lead to a serious confrontation with the church in later years. Still, at this time, the scientific community generally supported an unassailable belief in God.

George Fox founded the Quakers in 1652.

The later part of the 17th century saw a great increase in scientific and philosophical investigations along with a sharp split between people like Isaac Newton, John Locke, and Bishop George Berkeley, who were strict empiricist who believed that knowledge could only be gained by experience; and people like Gottfried Leibniz and Baruch Spinoza, rationalists who believed that knowledge of the world could be derived by deductive reasoning.

Hundreds of years of war in Europe, ostensibly due to differences in religious belief, caused thinkers to ponder ways to approach religion that would lead to a more peaceful society - in that, they began to look at and study religion from a strictly secular angle.

David Hume (1411-1776) pointed out the flaws in scientific thinking and came to the conclusion that we can't really know anything, much less anything about God.

The Renaissance
Philosophers in 18th century Europe were beginning to predict or, even, call for the demise of religion.

Henri de Saint-Simon (1760–1825) and Auguste Compte (1798–1857) sought to replace Christianity with a secular religious priesthood based on positivism.

Universal Education
Mormonism was founded in New York state in 1830 by Joseph Smith. Modern Adventism, precursor of the Seventh Day Adventists sect was founded in 1831 by William Miller.

Felicite Lamennais, in Thoughts of a Believer (1834) argued for separation of church and state and criticized the Catholic Church for its interference in politics.

Ludwig Feuerbach (1904-1872) advocated humanistic atheism and influenced Karl Marx (1818–1883) who viciously attacked religion as the "opiate of the masses". Marx predicted the immanent demise of religion.

Mírza Husayn 'Alí, 19 years after Ali Muhammad in the year 1863, founded the Baha'i Faith. Ali Muhammad's followers were told of the coming of Mírza Husayn 'Alí and were instructed to follow His religion.

During the late 1800s and early 1900s, the ideas of Marx, Freud, Compte, Darwin and others posed very serious critiques to religion. In particular, the idea of evolution provided an alternative to the religious idea of the intelligent creator. It was demonstrated that nature might be self organizing to a certain extent.

The T'ai-p'ing Rebellion in China in 1850 was very much influenced by Protestant Christian teachings regarding equality and communal economics.

William Booth founded the Salvation Army in 1865 in response to the squalor he witnessed in London.

The doctrine of papal infallibility was one result of the first Vatican Council in 1869-1870. In 1871, Johann von Dolinger was excommunicated for opposing the same doctrine.

Max Muller addressed the royal Institute of London on the "science of religion" in 1870.

Eastern and Western thought began to mix in earnest with the Hindu reforms of Ramakrishna (1836–1886) and the Theosophical Society founded in New York in 1875 by Helene Blavatsky.

In the United States, the Jehovah's Witnesses were founded by Charles Russell (1852–1916) and Christian Science was founded by Mary Baker Eddy (1821–1910).

Although the spirit of Antisemitism has been around for a long time, the ideology of Antisemitism developed as an outgrowth of various nationalistic sentiments in the late 1800s. It was popularized in La France Juive by Edouard Drumont in 1886.

James Frazier published his anthropological treatise on religion, The Golden Bough, in 1890. He speculated that there is, in human history, a natural development from nature magic, through religion, to scientific thought.

William James (1842–1910), in The Varieties of Religious Experience, described religion on the basis of observable religious behavior and posited that religion could have either healthy or unhealthy expression.

Freud's total rejection of religion as a juvenile defense mechanism was a major factor in the split between him and his protege Carl Jung.

The Pentecostal movement began in America around 1902.

Mahatma Gandhi (1869–1948) championed global unity and nonviolent civil disobedience while the Vienna Circle (1927–1938) championed the strict empiricism called positivism.

Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906–1945) sought a secular version of Christianity.

The World Council of Churches met in 1948.

The Christian church began to search for means toward unity in the Ecumenical Movement, which began in 1961-1962. The Catholic Church tried to reconcile internal differences during the Vatican Council of 1962.

The United States Episcopal Church began to allow the ordination of women as priests in 1976.

The mass suicide of the People's Temple cult in Guyana in 1979 drew international attention.

The Chinese government allowed the reopening of many Buddhist, Christian, and Muslim churches in 1981.

Carol Tavris brought up some serious critiques of scientific research from a woman's studies perspective in "The Mismeasure of Woman" in 1992.

So, this is my first story and it's called the history of religion. I have another story to tell about history, this one a bit more personal.

When I was in high school, the history class I was in was taught, as history, that Catherine the Great of Russia died trying to have sex with a horse. It seems, the horse fell on her. I later found that "in fact" the incident did not even occur and the story seems to be a rumor started by the French who were the enemies of Russia during this period of history.

My point is that history is not necessarily fact. The old dictum, "History is written by the victor," applies here, which does not, at all, make history useless, but it is important how it is used. History is useful in so much as it helps us to understand the present and predict the future. The past is gone and, in many ways, we can never be sure what, exactly, has happened then, but as long as we keep in mind that any particular history is a best guess given what we have to decipher it, we are usually okay.

So with that caveat in place, let us continue.

References: Blaffer,Sarah (2009)Mothers and Others: The Evolutionary Origins of Mutual Understanding Belknap Press of Harvard University ISBN 9780674032996

Hotz, Robert Lee (1997) Brain region may be linked to religion. The Seattle Times, Wed. Oct. 29, 1997. The Seattle Times Company: Seattle, WA

Jones, Charles B. (2007) Introduction to the Study of Religion (lecture series). The Teaching Company: Chantilly, VA

Ramachandran, V. S. (1998) "God and the temporal Lobes of the Brain" A talk given as part of the program Human Selves and Transcendental Experiences: A Dialogue of Science and Religion Presented at U.C. San Diego, January 31, 1998

Random House (1991) The Random House Timetables of History: over 5,000 major events from ancient times to present. Random House, Inc.: New York, NY

Exercise:

Form a timeline of your own personal religion. How did you come to believe what you believe about things like death, God, spiritual things, morality, etc.? How certain can you be about the truth of these events? You may be able to talk to others (parents, teachers, etc.) and compare their memories about the events with your own.


title: User:Optigan13


text: User talk:125.238.130.22

title: User talk:125.238.130.22


text:
Backpack Camping and Woodland Survival/Skills/Hunting and gathering/Hunting

/Tracking/ | /Identification/ | /Seasons/ | /Safety and Laws/ | /Gutting/ | /Skinning/ | /Butchering/ | /Cleaning/ | /Field Dressing/

Contents

 * /Tracking/
 * /Identification/
 * /Seasons/
 * /Safety and Laws/
 * /Gutting/
 * /Skinning/
 * /Butchering/
 * /Cleaning/
 * /Field Dressing/


text:
Indian Tipi/Modern Tipi Design

Modern tipis provide a tent structure essentially cone-shaped, including a flue opening in one side adjacent the peak. Two flexible smoke flaps are aligned vertically along the lateral edges of the flue opening. Two truss poles extend from the ground on opposite sides of the tent to a location above the peak, and the peak of the tent is slung from the point where the truss poles meet. Two flap poles extend upwardly from the ground on the side opposite the flue opening, each flap pole crossing one of the truss poles externally and being attached to one of the smoke flaps, in order to maintain the flaps taut in a desired orientation.

title: Indian Tipi/Modern Tipi Design


text:
Backpack Camping and Woodland Survival/Skills/Hunting and gathering/Traps and Snares

A 'trap' is a device or tactic intended to capture, detect, or inconvenience an animal or game. Traps may be physical objects, such as cages or snares.

This is a gallery of traps.


text:
User talk:Gossman75

Works

Welcome message
Welcome, Gossman75!

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. Webaware talk 05:33, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gossman75


text:
Talk:Clojure Programming

The sample gui application quits immediately now ... I need to put a (. Thread (sleep 10000)) to get any value from it. Brand new to Clojure, so I'm not sure what the best fix is.

split into multiple pages?
Good article, but long. Might consider splitting it into multiple pages.

-- I split the main topic to subpages, but didn't edit the main page yet. This should help further work

http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Clojure_Programming/Getting_Started http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Clojure_Programming/Tutorials_and_Tips http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Clojure_Programming/Concepts http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Clojure_Programming/Examples

mvn vs ant
I've did "mvn install", but it downloaded a whole bunch of things to my machine. And so far just doing "ant" works for me :)

Problem with clj-completions script
The supplied clj-competions script doesn't work with recent svn checkouts. The following will do completions for the clojure.core namespace

needs much work
Wow, these instructions are atrocious.

Knowledge collection
There is so much knowledge in the Google Group, IRC transcripts, official docs, actual code, screencasts, and what not. It's getting out of hand to learn all the small stuff like conventions, idioms, guidelines, principles of operation, and other stuff that's usually left out of the regular docs and, currently, out of this wiki.

Maybe there's a point to start a section for these small not-really-belonging-anywhere-else tidbits? E.g. What's Clojure convention for naming functions, camelCase or under_scores or dash-names? (dash-names).

What do you think?

Approved revisions
The approved revision mechanism is killing this wiki. I'm avoiding even the smallest improvements due to this over-controlling mechanism. Please remove it and let the magic commence. 62.0.132.222 (talk) 10:43, 8 February 2009 (UTC)

I don't think there's a way to disable this, unfortunately. Help:Revision_review explains how one can become an editor. I think it's too much trouble, but the rules are being revised, apparently. 41.241.89.88 (talk) 14:22, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

Orphaned pages

 * Clojure Programming/TJP Examples
 * Clojure Programming/Examples/API Examples/Hash-map tools
 * Clojure Programming/Examples/API Examples/Mapping Operators
 * Clojure Programming/Examples/API Examples/Sequence Building
 * Clojure Programming/Examples/API Examples/Sequence Operators
 * Clojure Programming/Examples/API Examples/Structure Tools

These are not linked to by this book. Please mark them for deletion with, link to them, or merge them into another page and mark them with. – Adrignola talk 00:06, 12 July 2010 (UTC)

title: Talk:Clojure Programming


text:
Talk:Topology/Countability

=Hahn-Mazurkiewicz Theorem= I do not know, and have been unable to find an elementary proof of this theorem. If you know of a proof of this result that is appropriate for the level of this book, please contribute.

SPat (talk) 09:11, 6 April 2008 (UTC)

Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem
This result is incorrect (consider the metric space of the real numbers, without the number 0. Then the sequence 1/n has no convergent subsequence)--131.243.31.197 (talk) 00:08, 7 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Topology/Countability


text: User talk:71.165.89.97

title: User talk:71.165.89.97


text:
User:Pjerrot

I started serious pyhton programming one month ago. I have touched python several times, but found it very hard to start. The learning curve is steep.

This Wiki on Python programming help me a lot. Where the Python.org documentation is for experienced python programmers, the wiki is up to date and easy to understand. Especially the page about classes is excellent.

I would like this wiki on Python to be a good start point for beginners.

A lot of new python programmers are starting right now. The IronPython studio has been released. Many new to python will start look at the language. This Wiki can help these beginners to get a good first experience with python progamming. It is strongly needed, because the IronPython studion generates terrible python.

I am 45 years old. I have a family with wife and three kids of 9, 7 and 2 year. I work as a software architect on a Microsoft platform, .Net and C# in a good SCRUM team.

title: User:Pjerrot