text:
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Processes/Introduction

Introduction
This book is for anyone who is interested in some of the basic principles behind what chemical engineers do and how they can use powerful tools from physics to solve problems involving steady-state processes. It starts with a knowledge of algebra, chemistry, and some physics, and builds on current knowledge towards more practical problems. The ultimate goal is to obtain a book containing information about all of the major processes a chemical engineer may encounter as well as some insight into their analysis, which is essential for design.

The book is designed as an introduction to the subject and therefore tends to stay away from the more complicated mathematics, as the relatively steady-state black box analysis can be difficult enough for students (and teachers!) to solve.

Invitation to Contribute
As this is a Wiki, anyone who wants to (and who is willing to have their work released under GFDL) is more than welcomed to contribute what they know towards the betterment of the book, or to make suggestions on the talk pages.

Suggested Format of this book
This book attempts to make liberal use of examples, and uses some images (flowcharts) to illustrate the processes described, as a standard against which the student can compare their own. This is essential since drawing flowcharts is a fundamental skill for any engineer, not just a chemical engineer. Unit conversions of various types, and use of a variety of information from a variety of sources will also be stressed.

Example problems (but usually not solutions except for simple problems) are set off with the template, which looks like this:

If it seems like one of the pages is missing something, use the template, which looks like this:

Notes about something special that someone must know to solve problems can be set aside using the template which looks like this:

Final results for examples as well as the results of derivations should be boxed using the template, which looks like this:

Finally, if you want to write a problem for the student to work out on their own, use the template which looks like this:

Using these to set the parts of the book apart, it is hoped that the experience will be easier to follow for the student.


text:
Visual Basic .NET/Loop statements

There are several kinds of looping structures in VB.NET.

Loops allow you to repeat an action for a number of times or until a specified condition is reached.

Do...Loop Until loop
A Do...Loop Until loop is a loop that runs until the loop's condition is true, the condition being checked after each iteration of the loop.

Sample:

Do...Loop While loop
A Do...Loop While loop runs until the loop's condition becomes false. Its condition is checked after each iteration of the loop.

Sample:

Do Until...Loop loop
A Do Until...Loop loop is almost the same as a Do...Loop Until loop. The only difference is that it has the condition's check at the beginning of each iteration of the loop.

Sample:

Do While...Loop loop
Likewise, a Do While...Loop loop is almost the same as a Do...Loop While loop. And like the Do Until...Loop loop, the condition's check is at the beginning of each iteration.

Sample:

For x as Integer = 1 To 10 console.writeline("x")

For loop
A For loop iterates a certain number of times, the value of the counter variable changing each iteration. The For loop is the most well-known looping statement and useful in many programs. A For loop looks like this this: will loop 10 times, since on the first iteration, a would equal 1, the second iteration 2, etc.

A For loop such as this one: will loop 10 times, but the counter starts at 10 and goes down to 1.

A For loop like this one: will also loop 10 times. The counter would start at 11 then stops when it reaches 20.

For Each loop
A For Each loop iterates over every index of an array or other iterable object. It requires an object to iterate through, and a variable to hold an index's contents. The object to iterate must implement the  or   interfaces. The implementation of  by   allows arrays to be used as an object, because   inherits from.

Sample:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Visual Basic .NET/Loop statements


text:
User:Kgyt

 My User pages in Wikimedia sister projects

Debut

 * You can read my debut on the Wikipedia.
 * A Wikipédián olvasható magyar nyelvű bemutatkozásom.

My website

 * kgyt.eu
 * kgyt.hu

hu:User:kgyt

title: User:Kgyt


text:
Clarinet/Intermediate/Double Tonguing

With a single-reed instrument, double tonguing is very hard to do efficiently. That includes the clarinet. With that said, double tonguing is a skill that will not work well on the clarinet. However, it does have its benefits. If you are up to the challenge of double tonguing, here is how to do it.

 * Just like you can demonstrate tonguing by saying "ta-ta-ta-ta-ta", etc., yo can demonstrate double tonguing by saying "tu-gu-tuh-ga-tuh-ga-tuh-ga-tuh-ga", etc.
 * Go back and forth between saying "tuh" and "guh". Do it enough to get used to it. "tuh kuh tuh kuh tuh kuh tuh kuh"
 * Just put your instrument up to your mouth and blow saying "tuh kuh tuh kuh tuh kuh".
 * This might take some practice.

title: Clarinet/Intermediate/Double Tonguing


text:
Clarinet/Equipment/Mouthpiece

Ask your self, what is the most important part of the clarinet? The answer, your brain. Even though it is not part of the instrument, it is where all the music happens. If there is nothing going on inside your brain, then you are not going to be playing anything. Music is inside you, not your instrument. Your instrument is just a megaphone on what music you are thinking of in your brain. Apart from your brain, your mouthpiece is a microphone that distributes your music into the instrument; therefore, you need a good mouth piece to get the music out of your head and into the instrument. You need a clean, crisp, and clear sounding mouthpiece. Mouthpieces are made out of plastic, hard rubber, wood, and even quartz crystal.

 * The plastic ones are of lower quality, and produce an amateur clarinet sound. They are at the cheapest price (around $20.00) and are good for beginners (from year 1-4). Most plastic clarinets come with a plastic mouth piece when purchased. On the plastic mouth piece, the hole is smaller than of a better mouth piece. The bigger the hole, the more air can go through it, and the more air, the better your sound quality is.
 * Next up is a rubber mouth piece. They have a much better tone quality then a plastic mouth piece, and have a bigger hole. (WARNING, NEVER WASH A RUBBER MOUTH PIECE UNDER HOT WATER. IT WILL TURN GREEN, AND TASTE LIKE YOU JUST LICKED A CAR TIRE!) They can range from $50-whatever you want to pay for. If you are looking into becoming a great clarinet player, invest into a good mouth piece.

If you have a plastic mouth piece, and a very good instrument, that is like buying a cheesy microphone, and buying a very expensive speaker system. It does not make sense. For the instrument to work to its full extent, invest into a good mouth piece. If you feel that your instrument is not producing a good enough tone, it may be because of the mouth piece. Or it could be your ligature, or how your clarinet is positioned, or your mouth.

Kларинет/Усник

title: Clarinet/Equipment/Mouthpiece


text:
User talk:Antihero496~enwikibooks

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally. You might also like to check out our Cookbook policy page, for tips on formatting and categorising recipes. cheers, Webaware talk 05:26, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Antihero496. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Antihero496~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:58, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:33, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Antihero496~enwikibooks


text:
Smalltalk Programming/Syntax

Smalltalk has one of the simpler syntaxes of any computer language. There are 3 different types of method call - unary, binary, and n-way keyword. The rules for precedence scan from left to right for each of those 3 flavors of method calling. Precedence can be overridden with parenthesis, as usual.

1. Unary method. Can be as simple as display redrawEverything. ; the object display looks up its method redrawEverything to do an unqualified redraw, and does it. Unary methods and the object they act on are both alphanumeric words that don't end in a colon. Whenever you see multiple such words in a row, the one on the left is the object, the rest are a gauntlet of method calls.

2. Binary method. In myNumber + 5., the object myNumber is told to look up the method +, and run it with 5 as the argument. Here, the argument is being discarded, the := assignment will come later. Binary method names are 1 or 2 special characters; they only exist for the usual set of suspects in math and logic equations. There is no special precedence for math operators, you must either state them in the order wanted, or use parenthesis.

3. Keyword method. This is where smalltalk diverges from most other programming languages. In display drawFromX:1 fromY:1 toX:50 toY:100., display is being called with one method and 4 arguments. The method's name is drawFromX:fromY:toX:toY:, and the arguments are positionally passed into the method. If you want to call another keyword method without the two blending together, you can use the comma operator, parenthesis, or just carry the result to a new statement.

A statement optionally starts with an assignment, has at least an opening object, and sends at least one method to that object. The statement ends with a period.

A [block] is a bracketed set of statements that are bundled together as a single object, which could be triggered by flow-control style methods. In 4 < 5 ifTrue: [ Transcript print: '4 is less than 5!' ]., 4<5 evaluates into the boolean object true, who always executes a block passed through the ifTrue: method.

title: Smalltalk Programming/Syntax


text:
Smalltalk Programming/Variables

Smalltalk uses variables in the usual Object Oriented way, you move around pointers to data more often than the actual data. A variable is a pointer to an object, through which you could ask that object to report its data, change its data, or perform an action. Care must be taken when altering an object, it may affect other variables pointing to that object elsewhere.

There are different degrees of variable at the system, object, and method levels.

The SystemDictionary Smalltalk holds onto the globally accessible variables. These can be easily called upon anywhere, common singleton objects like transcript are named here.

In their class definition, objects have a given set of variables defined. Any object instance can look at its own variables within a method (subclass methods too). If a variable needs to be altered externally, the object may have methods to get the variable in and out.

Smalltalk variable names are declared in the beginning of a method or block separated by the pipe "|" symbol. Example:  declares three variables named t1, t2, and t3.

To assign a value to a variable, use this format:  or this format:.

Arrays also can be variables. Arrays can hold any type of value. An array if defined like this:. Example:  Makes an array with three values that contain a the string "string", the character 'C', and the number 6.

title: Smalltalk Programming/Variables


text:
Smalltalk Programming/Control

Program flow within a method is managed with [blocks]. A block is an object containing some smalltalk code, and it can be sent methods to accomplish any program flow needed. Outside of a single method body, program flow is decided in sending the same method to dissimilar objects; the classic example is to send a circle to either to a monitor, printer, or X/Y plotter.

Please feel free to replace the following examples with something less..pointless.

1 to: 5 do: [num| transcript print:num]. - putting a flow control method like to:do: inside a Number class may seem a little funny, but it makes this easy to express.

num > 5 ifTrue: [num:=1] ifFalse: [num:=num+1]. - feel free to split the ifTrues and ifFalses across different lines.

'''[num < 5 ] whileTrue: [num:=num+1. transcript print:'embiggen!'].''' Yes, a block can be the opening object in a statement.

title: Smalltalk Programming/Control


text:
Smalltalk Programming/Memory Management

Rarely an issue. Like any honest Object Oriented language, Smalltalk is garbage collected, so many types of memory leaks just can't happen. Inappropriately excessive and unkempt cross referencing can lead to memory becoming unfreeable, and runaway loops can exhaust memory as usual.

title: Smalltalk Programming/Memory Management


text:
User talk:1qx~enwikibooks

Please do not add inappropriate external links to Wikibooks. Wikibooks is intended to be read without the need for external reference and requires content rather than external links particularly those which are for advertising or promotion. Inappropriate links may include (but are not limited to) links to personal web sites, links to web sites with which you are affiliated, and links that exist to attract visitors to a web site or promote a product. If you feel the link should be added to the article, then please discuss it on the article's talk page rather than re-adding it. See the welcome page to learn more about Wikibooks. Thank you. -- Herby talk thyme 08:05, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called 1qx. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name 1qx~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 22:54, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:27, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:1qx~enwikibooks


text:
Cookbook talk:Bliny

The 2.6 cups is not equal to 1.3 pounds. It is more like 5 cups. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 91.76.47.28 (talk • contribs) 2007-02-17T20:46:50.

Yeast
Does the yeast make sense for this recipe? This reads more like a recipe for bread, than bliny. It's supposed to be more batterlike than doughlike. 128.151.150.9 (discuss) 22:57, 16 April 2023 (UTC)

 * I believe some batters can be yeasted, but I agree that the language in the recipe is confusing. It would be great for someone to try making the recipe and to comment how it turns out! —Kittycataclysm (discuss • contribs) 14:20, 17 April 2023 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Bliny


text:
Horticulture/Chamaecyparis

Chamaecyparis is genus of conifers in the family Cupressaceae, native to eastern Asia and western and eastern North America. It is one of several genera within the Cupressaceae that have the common name cypress. Synonyms include Retinispora Siebold & Zucc. and Retinospora Carr.

There are a great number of cultivars available among the species with a wide range of shapes, sizes, and leaf colors.

Description
They are medium-sized to large evergreen trees growing to 20–70 m tall, with foliage in flat sprays. The leaves are of two types, needle-like juvenile leaves on young seedlings up to a year old, and scale-like adult leaves. The cones are globose to oval, with 8-14 scales arranged in opposite decussate pairs; each scale bears 2-4 small seeds.

Growing conditions
Four species (C. lawsoniana, C. obtusa, C. pisifera, and C. thyoides) are of considerable importance as ornamental trees in horticulture; several hundred cultivars have been selected for various traits, including dwarf size, yellow, blue, silvery or variegated foliage, permanent retention of juvenile leaves, and thread-like shoots with reduced branching. In some areas, cultivation is limited by ../Phytophthora/ root rot diseases, with C. lawsoniana being particularly susceptible to ../Phytophthora lateralis/.

Species
There are five or six species, depending on taxonomic opinion:
 * ../Chamaecyparis formosensis/. Taiwan.
 * ../Chamaecyparis lawsoniana/. Western North America.
 * ../Chamaecyparis obtusa/. Japan.
 * ../Chamaecyparis pisifera/. Japan.
 * ../Chamaecyparis taiwanensis/. Taiwan.
 * ../Chamaecyparis thyoides/. Eastern North America.

C. taiwanensis is treated by many authors as a variety of C. obtusa (as C. obtusa var. formosana).

Another species which used to be included in this genus, as Chamaecyparis nootkatensis, has now been transferred on the basis of strong genetic and morphological evidence to the separate genus ../Callitropsis/ as ../Callitropsis nootkatensis/, or back to Cupressus nootkatensis (the name it was originally described under in 1824).

Uses
The wood is scented, and is highly valued, particularly in Japan, where it is used for temple construction.

Maintenance
Pruning can be done in winter. Most species tolerate shearing and can be grown as hedges or topiaries.

Propagation
Cuttings, grafting, or seed.

Pests and diseases
../Blight/: ../Root Rot/ ../Rusts/ ../Scales/ ../Weevils/ ../Caterpillars/ ../Mites/ Chamaecyparis species are used as food plants by the larva of some Lepidoptera species including Juniper Pug and Pine Beauty.
 * ../Phomopsis juniperovora/
 * Seiridium or Coryneum Blight and Canker: ../Seiridium cardinale/
 * ../Phytophthora lateralis/ Problem in Pacific Northwest.
 * ../Phytophthora cinnamomi/
 * Witches Broom (Rust): ../Gymnosporangium ellisii/, Alternate hosts in ../Myrica/ and ../Comptonia/
 * Spindle Burl Gall (Rust): ../Gymnosporangium biseptatum/, Alternate host in ../Amalanchier/
 * Juniper Scale: ../Carulaspis juniperi/
 * Arborvitae Weevil: ../Phyllobius intruscus/
 * Imperial Moth: ../Eacles imperiales/
 * Bagworm: ../Thyridopterix ephemeraeformis/
 * Spruce Spider Mite: ../Oligonychus ununguis/

title: Horticulture/Chamaecyparis


text:
User:Youssefsan/tmp

Put the right word next to every picture.

(un) ananas - (une) banane - (une) fraise - (un) kiwi - (une) orange - (une) pastèque - (une) pêche - (une) poire - (une) pomme - (des) raisins (singulier : un raisin)

title: User:Youssefsan/tmp


text:
User talk:Alakazam38

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 15:17, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Catullus
Hi! Thanks for your warm welcome on my talk page. I am mainly at Wikipedia (under the same username) but I have (very occasionally) edited pages here. That's cool that we study the same courses. Hope to see you round, Storeye 08:12, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

hey, can I help?
Hi there:

I teach AP Latin and would love (over the summer, when I have more time) to help out with translations, commentary, whatever. What d'ya say?

I am wiki-stupid, so if you'd like my help, please contact me at colegrover@yahoo.com.

Vale! Catherine

not wiki-mad, wiki-stupid!
Hey again:

Right. When I said "stupid" I meant stupid (isn't that a Beastie Boys lyric?). Like I wouldn't have figured out how to contact you if my b/f hadn't helped me. That stupid. But I am Latin-smart.

Anyway, it'll take me a while how to figure out (and by that I mean it'll take the b/f a while to teach me) how to put what you need in a format that you can use, but I'm happy to add what I can. Again, I won't be able to do much of anything till summer (after June 26).

Here's how I found your stuff: I was making up my AP audit syllabus (I'd be happy to rant on that topic sometime if you'd like - although I have no idea why anyone outside the wretched process would want to hear about it) and needed to know how many lines were in each poem, so I just googled that and found you.

I don't IM, but you can contact me via email at colegrover@yahoo.com.

Ciao for now, Catherine

Poetry Book
I've been reading your Catullus book, and i'm very impressed! it's a very good book, and one of immediate educational value. You are right that it is well on it's way to being a featured book around here, and once the majority of poems are uploaded (people dont like red links) and annotated, we can nominate it to be featured. --Whiteknight (talk) 22:08, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I watch the RC feed here, looking for vandalism. It would take a blind person not to notice all the activity on your book. I've added it to a bookshelf: HERE.
 * I took Latin in highschool for a few years, and we read some catullus. I'll keep track of the page myself, so you don't need to go out of your way to update me. If you need any help with Wikibooks in general, i'm a good resource.
 * PS. your signature points to Usertalk:Alakazam38, not User talk:Alakazam38 (notice the space between "User" and "talk". --Whiteknight (talk) 22:26, 14 May 2007 (UTC)

Preview
I wrote an intro in the preview red link, but I'm afraid I really didn't know what you intended to put there. I've said the purpose of the book and a bit about Catullus's writing and added a few pictures. Please delete anything that isn't meant to be there and add anything that is. Cheers!

On another note, are the "Connotations of the Text" sections supposed to contain grammar notes? Storeye 08:09, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

Joining the Project
Hi there! I'd love to sign on to help out with Catullus. If there are any poems that you feel are a priority to complete, please feel free to drop me a line. I will most likely start off adding Wiktionary entries for any glossed words. Medellia 17:39, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm excited to get to work! A quick question first, though: would you like scansion for every poem? It would be easy enough to go through and take care of that. Medellia 23:56, 19 May 2007 (UTC)

Poem 64, scansion, &c.
Carmen 64 is composed in hexameters, so it's actually one of his more boring poems - metrically speaking. (I can't recall any spondaic lines, but they would certainly be worth noting.) I think one of the easiest things to do would be to make mention of the type of meter used in each poem as your meter page does an excellent job of explaining those. Would you find it appropriate to simply include that in the same place as the scansion notes? Medellia 20:37, 20 May 2007 (UTC)

Bonaeludae: I would love to Join
Alakazam38. I am sorry it has taken me so long to respond but I have just now returned to school. I would absolutely love to become a more permanent part of the project. If you will still have me that is. I have a passion for the poetry of Catullus. This year I was unable to schedule any form of Latin into my class roster. I would love to contribute and work some more on this book. It would give me a chance to immerse myself in Latin. Respond to me when you can. --Bonaeludae 06:01, 8 October 2007 (UTC)

Bonaeludae: Thank you.
I would appreciate being added as a permanent contributer :) I am still working on it every other day. College applications are, of course, a lot of fun. :P --Bonaeludae 03:54, 16 October 2007 (UTC)

*finally* getting back to Catullus
Hi again:

As per the subject line, I'd like to start contributing to the project with the help of some of my advanced students. We'll have a lot of time this week to do some commentary, etc. and I'd like to focus on poems 36 and 40 if that's okay with you. I chose those two since it seemed a manageable amount, they haven't been done at all so far and they are two that my students have read. I'll assume it's okay if I don't hear from you otherwise.

I'm in Ft. Wayne Indiana USA btw. Where in England are you?

Also, thanks for the tips on formatting, that's probably going to be the toughest thing for us to get used to.

Well, here's hoping that we can be of some use to the project!

Best, Catherine

new contributor?
Hello,

I'm a freshman in college with 5 years of Latin. As you can see, I've done quite a bit of work (at least it felt like it was a lot of work) on Catullus 1, and at least by the criteria on your page, that poem is finished. (please let me know how the commentary is). I'd like to help out regularly on this project, but from a glance at the project news, it seems like things aren't happening anymore... Is this still going? If so, I'd love to help. To respond, I suppose you can go to my (as yet unwritten-on) talk page. I'm just now figuring out wiki ("wiki-stupid?"), so there will be a bit of a learning curve, I expect, with my contributions.

-Celloman2012

title: User talk:Alakazam38


text:
Ossicle/Pediatric

ARCHES
Pinna forms from 6 hillocks: 1-tragus, 2-helical root, 3=helix, 4=antihelix, 5=antitragus, 6=lobule

Middle Ear & External Auditory Canal 1st branchial groove migrates inward forming EAC 1st and 2nd pouch migrate to form ME (where they meet is TM) Tympanic Membrane: squamous TM=ectoderm, fibrous=mesoderm, mucosal=endoderm

SECOND BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST and sinus tract: Lateral to IX and XII Passes between ICA and ECA Ends at medial constrictor or tonsillar fossaMOST COMMON

THIRD BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST and sinus tract:

Ascends Lateral to CCA
Passes posterior to ICA
Superior to XII and Inferior to IX
Courses medially to peirce lateral thyrohyoid membrane to open into pyriform sinus

Dysphagia Lusoria - Dysphagia from retroesophageal subclavian artery

Assoc with non-recurrent laryngeal 100%
From degeneration of Right 4th Arch

Parathyroid Development

 Superior Parathyroid - 4th Arch development; Posterior to RLN & posterior in mediastinum
Inferior Parathyroid - 3rd Arch development; Anterior to RLN & Anterior in mediastinum

title: Ossicle/Pediatric


text:
User talk:AJackson729

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! Mattb112885 16:17, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:AJackson729


text:
User talk:Swadd003

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! Mattb112885 16:18, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Swadd003


text:
Talk:Muggles' Guide to Harry Potter/Magic/Floo Network

Number 12, Grimmauld Place's location is known to people, including Narcissa Black; what isn't known is that it is HQ for the Order of the Phoenix. Sjlegg 17:56, 17 February 2007 (UTC)
 * So presumably she could go there because she knows that it exists. Hmm. Chazz 23:57, 2 March 2007 (UTC)


text:
Introduction to Chemical Engineering Processes/Print Version

= Prerequisites =

= Elementary mass balance =

= Mass balances on multicomponent systems =

= Mass balances with recycle =

= Mass/mole balances in reacting systems =

= Multiple-phase systems, introduction to phase equilibrium =

= Energy balances on non-reacting systems =

= Combining energy and mass balances in non-reacting systems =

 * The basic idea

 * Several example problems illustrating how to combine these two concepts.

= Introduction to energy balances on reacting systems =

 * What's different for a reacting system?

= Useful Mathematical Methods =

= Problem Solving using Computers =

= Miscellaneous Useful Information =

= Notation =

= Further Reading =

Chapra, S. and Canale, R. 2002. Numerical Methods for Engineers, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Felder, R.M. and Rousseau, R.W. 2000. Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, 3rd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Masterton, W. and Hurley, C. 2001. Chemistry Principles and Reactions, 4th ed. New York: Harcourt.

Perry, R.H. and Green, D. 1984. Perry's Chemical Engineers Handbook, 6th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Windholz et al. 1976. The Merck Index, 9th ed. New Jersey: Merck.

General Chemistry: For a more in-depth analysis of general chemistry

Matlab: For more information on how to use MATLAB to solve problems.

Numerical Methods: For more details on the rootfinding module and other fun math (warning: it's written at a fairly advanced level)

= External Links =

Data Tables

Unit conversion table (Wikipedia)

Enthalpies of Formation (Wikipedia)

Periodic Table (Los Alamos National Laboratory)

Chemical Sciences Data Tables: Has a fair amount of useful data, including a fairly comprehensive List of Standard Entropies, and Gibbs Energies at 25oC (also a list for ions), a chart with molar masses of the elements, acid equilibrium constants, solubility products, and electric potentials. Definitely one to check out.

NIST properties: You can look up properties of many common substances, including water, many light hydrocarbons, and many gases. Data available can include density, enthalpy, entropy, Pitzer acentric factor, surface tension, Joule-Thompson coefficients, and several other variables depending on the substance and conditions selected. To see the data in tabular form, once you enter the temperature and pressure ranges you want, click "view table" and then select the property you want from the pull-down menu. It'll tell you acceptable ranges.

Generalized compressibility chart: This is very useful in the section on gases and liquids, and you should be able to find a copy of this chart in any thermodynamics book or in Perry's handbook. I've linked here so you have some clue what I'm talking about when I write about it.

Antoine equation coefficients, NOTE that these values are for use with a COMMON log, not a NATURAL log.

Critical constants for various materials = License =


text:
Talk:Polish/Masculine noun declension

Untitled
It would be great to add the declination of przyjaciel. I started to learn Polish some mounths ago and this word has been my "personal trap" for a very long time.

title: Talk:Polish/Masculine noun declension


text:
User talk:SarahG

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Good luck! Mattb112885 22:41, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:SarahG


text:
User talk:Jason V

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New pages etc
Hi - could you bear in mind that Wikibooks are textbooks intended to be read as stand alone content - as such pages that essentially consist of links are not really within the project scope and may be deleted - thanks -- Herby talk thyme 18:23, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jason V


text:
User talk:Sneff002

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title: User talk:Sneff002


text:
User talk:Jmcke015

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title: User talk:Jmcke015


text:
User talk:Vininche

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title: User talk:Vininche


text:
User talk:Bekenn

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title: User talk:Bekenn


text:
User:RyanB88~enwikibooks

Until I get a chance to make a wikibooks version of my userpage you may see My Wikipedia User Page.

title: User:RyanB88~enwikibooks


text:
Talk:C++ Programming/Programming Languages/C++/Code/Statements/Flow Control

Goto Example
What should be done about the example of "proper" use of gotos... I've cleaned it up a bit so that it's actually valid C++ (explicit pointer casts), but...

 * The code uses malloc/free and fprintf/stderr instead of new/delete and cerr, so it's not very sensible in a C++ wikibook.
 * exceptions might be more "proper" in the case of C++ for that. (Admittedly, I'm not all that fond of exceptions, but meh.)
 * If I recall correctly, the current standard has new throw an exception anyway instead of returning NULL, so cleaning it to be in C++-style makes the example wrong.
 * Isn't it convention to just say 0 instead of NULL in C++? Not sure about that, as my native language is actually C. --Dnas 03:40, 18 February 2007 (UTC)
 * I've fixed it to use new/delete and cerr. I've made it use the nothrow form of new so that it returns NULL. That deals with two of the problems. While it may be true that exceptions are generally preferred over using goto, goto is allowed in C++ and so an example is still needed. IIRC, NULL is defined as being 0 in C++ and people use it for some level of compatibility with C and to make it clear that the variable is a pointer without having to search for where the variable is declared. --dark [[Image:Yin yang.svg|12px]] lama 15:12, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

Please move the fork example to someother section as it is UNIX specific and not part of standard C/C++. Jayaram Ganapathy

 * I think malloc/free and fprintf/stderr  should have a section before the goto explaining what they are since we can use them as part of the C++ (and point reasons why you shouldn't), take a look into the C Programming book and see if we can use something from it, we already have given attribution from content from there so we can copy anything we can use.
 * Add info to take a look to the exception information and point to the page.
 * You we should avoid NULL but some take an exception on the "avoid macros" on null because it is easier to remember (visually) why you used a NULL (if you do it as a rule), I myself turn every NULLs into 0s :) --Panic 17:39, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Jayaram Ganapathy, fork is the same as split it has noting to do with Unix on that context, I think you are referring to the if information. --Panic 17:41, 12 April 2007 (UTC)

Duplication
I noticed a bit of duplication: C Programming/Control. Both this page and the link share significant scope and content, but in my opinion this version seemed to skip some content. Should we copy/paste to bring them back together, or should be work on this page to make it better? --Sigma 7 (talk) 01:25, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

 * It is no duplication, the pages belong to distinct books/languages, you can merge useful content into this one (we already acknowledge the C Programming book for some content) you can also take a look into the java book and other programming languages for useful content, if you do copy from them in quantity add an acknowledgment to the authors page or if creating a new page ask an administrator to merge the the edit history (similar to a transwiki request). --Panic (talk) 19:11, 17 January 2009 (UTC)

Clarity
I feel a little strange just marching in and changing text here, so would rather offer an idea for others to consider..

The text "There is likely no meaningful program written in which a computer does not demonstrate basic decision-making skills." I find a bit difficult to understand as it combines negatives. The subsequent "It can actually be argued that there is no meaningful human activity in which no decision-making, instinctual or otherwise, takes place." suffers from the same. May I suggest the boiled down: "Like human activity, a computer program is arguably useless unless it exercises its ability to make decisions based upon certain conditions and, hopefully, bring some value to the world in which it exists." --K1mgy (discuss • contribs) 22:05, 25 December 2011 (UTC)

 * See if you are satisfied by the little change that was inspired by you more complex phrase. Note that the idea is not to show that the capability exists, but that it is mostly prevalent. --Panic (discuss • contribs) 23:25, 25 December 2011 (UTC)


text:
Ancient Domains of Mystery

Contents

 * /Introduction/
 * /Chaos/
 * /Places/
 * /Artifacts and Items/

External Resources

 * ADOM Official Website
 * Andy Williams's ADOM Guidebook
 * ADOM's Wiki

title: Ancient Domains of Mystery


text:
Adventures of Lolo 2 (Japanese)

Introduction
Adventures of Lolo 2 is the Japanese version of Adventures of Lolo 3. This game is essentially the same as Adventures of Lolo 3, but with different (and usually more difficult) rooms. No other significant changes to the game exist other than this.

This game is among the most challenging ones in the entire Eggerland series. Players who enjoy the series and like a good challenge may want to play this game for its challenging aspects. The purpose of this book is to assist players and to show the ideal solutions to all the maps. No such guide is known to have existed in English. The section titles are named according to the location the player is at in the game.

This book assumes the player is already familiar with how to play the Eggerland games, how the monsters can attack, etc. If you are not familiar with these aspects, please visit the Eggerland book to view more information.

Map solutions
There are a total of 17 levels in the game, most of which contain 5 rooms while some contain 10.

The solutions are structured in a format of displaying a picture of the room, a brief synopsis, and finally a list of the steps to take in order to solve the room.

Section 1 - The Overworld Levels

 * /Level 1/
 * /Level 2/
 * /Level 3/
 * /Level 4/
 * /Level 5/
 * /Level 6/
 * /Level 7/
 * /Level 8/

Section 2 - The Underwater Levels

 * /Level 9/
 * /Level 10/
 * /Level 11/
 * /Level 12/
 * /Level 13/

Section 3 - The Underworld Levels

 * /Level 14/
 * /Level 15/
 * /Level 16/
 * /Level 17/

The following navigation box will be visible in all chapters of the book for the convenient navigation of all 17 levels as well as a link back to this index page.

title: Adventures of Lolo 2 (Japanese)


text: Template:Box

title: Template:Box


text:
Biblical Studies/New Testament Commentaries/The Gospel of John/Chapter 6

Topics to think about in John 6:
 * How does the narrative relate to its Synoptic counterparts?
 * Is this a part of the Gospel in its original form or an addition to the "second edition"?
 * What is the importance of the Eucharistic background and imagery?
 * What is the role of the background in Scripture of the imagery used?
 * What is the significance of the fact that it is followers of Jesus who turn away because of his words in this chapter?

The timeframe between Chapter 5 and Chapter 6 is about 6 months. During this interim time, many events have occurred as recorded in Matthew and Luke, and to lesser degree in Mark: Mark 1,2; Luke 4,5,7) Chapter 6 is a continuation of the ministry in which Jesus performs miracles in the communities surrounding the shores of the Sea of Galilee. The crowds passing through Galilee have increased as it is the Spring and the upcoming Passover Festival attracts large numbers of people from all over Palestine on pilgrimage to Jerusalem.
 * The 12 Apostles are chosen (Mark 3; Luke 6)
 * Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5; Luke 6)
 * Many miracles are performed by Jesus including healing those who are lame, blind or otherwise afflicted. (Matt 8,9,12;
 * Casting out demons (Matt 8; Mark 5; Luke 8)
 * Parables about the Kingdom (Matt 13; Mark 4; Luke 8)
 * Calming a storm (Matt 8; Mark 4; Luke 8)
 * Apostles commissioned and sent out (Matt 11; Mark 6; Luke 9)
 * Beheading of John the Baptist (Matt 14; Mark 6)

The Feeding of the Five Thousand
The crowds in the area have heard about or witnessed His miracles, and bring Him many afflicted people to be healed. It is the end of the day and the people are all hungry with little chance of getting food in the towns. Jesus takes two fish and five loaves of bread and feeds five thousand people who have come to Jesus and his disciples.

Despite Jesus' power, John 6:6 notes that Jesus questions Philip "only to test him." The purpose of such a test could be for the reason of showing Philip where he stands in his faith, or perhaps for Jesus to lead Philip toward a greater understanding of His power. This authority over nature shown through this miracle could have been meant as an illustration of Christ's divine power and that his abilities are one with God the Father's own.

Jesus, who in previous passages of John kept his ministry low profile, continues to escalate his works in order for more people to believe. However, rather than taking in all of the glory with pride, he simply performs his work to lead people to God, and then parallels his previous actions (see John 5:13) of removing himself from the situation, this time taking time for Himself by a mountain (6:15). In these instances, Jesus withdrew from the crowds because His time for fully revealing Himself as Messiah had not yet come (see John 7:6). The crowds, having been fully fed, now see Jesus as a Prophet who will take David's throne and press upon Him to forcefully make Him king. (6:14-15). Jesus refrains from becoming a crowned king and withdraws. The people do not see the prophesied Suffering Messiah, but only a king who will take His coming kingdom as a literal kingdom on Earth.

Although some have speculated, due primarily because John gives no explanation for Jesus having left Jerusalem and now all of sudden being in Galilee, that chapters 5 and 6 may be out of order. However, cross-referencing the events of the other Gospels show that the early events of Chapter 6 were indeed in Galilee at the end of the Galilean ministry and that Jesus was in Galilee because of the persecution and threats to kill him that existed in Judea. This miracle takes place in Galilee and is the only one that is recounted in all four gospels. It is interesting however that in the other three accounts of this miracle it is Jesus' disciples that are concerned about feeding the people while in Johns Gospel, Jesus is the one who inquires about their food supply and as mentioned before does it to test Philip. However this is consistent with John being an eye-witness of these events and being close enough to Jesus to see His involvement more than the disciples involvement. The boy who provides the food is also only mentioned in John, as is the fact that the bread is the "bread of the poor" or barley which could perhaps be a reference to 2 Kings 4 in which Elisha feeds 100 people with 20 loaves of barley (Smith pg. 147). It might also be of importance that the bread is the primary concern of John's recounting and the fish is more of an afterthought as is evidenced by verse 13 in which the fish are not even mentioned; the explanation for this is probably that John was setting up the words of Jesus that follow this miracle pertaining to the bread of life.

The Crossing of the Sea
Jesus walks on water. He didn’t leave in the boat with his disciples; instead, he walks out to meet them and joins them in the boat. Although his disciples are initially afraid of the feat that Jesus is performing, they let him in the boat and begin to realize that Jesus is not bound by the binds that hold men firmly in this world.

Jesus' walking on water is an interesting place of relationship of John with the Synoptics. Though Luke doesn't record this miracle, Mark and Matthew both do. The narrative of John follows Mark more closely, as it does not include any reference to Peter walking out to meet Jesus on the water. Other than the destination of the disciples' boat, the accounts in Mark and John are quite similar, except for another sign of Jesus' power: as soon as Jesus gets into the boat in John's story, the boat reached the destination. When Jesus was walking on water toward the boat he says, "It is I, do not be afraid."

In verse 16 it says; "Now when evening came, His disciples went down to the sea,..." (NAS) Here, we have another example of Jesus and disciples going somewhere together which inadvertently foreshadows a miracle. For instance we can look in John 2 and see the same thing in verse 2 when they were both invited to the wedding. This verse also parallels chapter 2 in that it states it was "evening" when His disciples came. In the same way, Nicodemus is seen coming to Jesus at night for wisdom. Verse 17 "...and after getting into a boat, they started to cross the sea to Capernaum. And it had already become dark, and Jesus had not yet come to them."(NAS) These references to "dark," "evening," and "night" are all parallels to the other references of light and dark throughout John. Light is said to be Jesus or salvation and wisdom. Darkness seems to symbolize ignorance, doubt, satan and/or life without Jesus. This miracle of Jesus walking on water can then be another foretelling of Jesus’ soon to be glorification. Some believe that this passage is just that. When it says that Jesus had not yet come to them, this could be an allusion to Jesus being glorified through his persecution, death, resurrection, and ascension. However, most see this event as a demonstration to the apostles that Jesus is indeed the Son of God with the full authority given to Him by the Father.

This section lends symbolism to a possibly bigger lesson. It is also important to recognize the differences in John. In John, the boat that the disciples are in is near the land which is unique to John. "John could be saying that with Jesus' arrival they got to land with unusual speed. On the other hand, rationalist critics once saw here the key to the "miracle"" Jesus was actually walking in the shallows, (Smith). However, the other Gospels do not follow this rationale making it clear that Peter would have sank and drowned in the water had Jesus not saved him from the deep.

These miracles (signs) clearly reveal Jesus as ruler over the forces of nature. In his teaching that follows and the debate it arouses, we learn that he is the foundation of eternal life (v. 22-59).

The Bread of Life Discourse
The way Jesus chooses to deliver this discourse is similar to the tradition of Jewish sermons. In traditional Jewish sermons, the Rabbi would relate two different texts to each other. Jesus does just this when some of the things he says are reminiscent of Old Testament text. For example, Jesus says in John 6:35 "Jesus said to them, 'I am the bread of life; whoever comes to me will never hunger and whoever believes in me will never thirst.'" This language of the giving of food is much like Isaiah 55:1, which states, "All who are thirsty, come to the water!  You who have no money, come, receive grain, and eat; Come, without paying, and without cost, drink wine and milk!" Another similarity between Isaiah and John is between John 6:37-38 which state, "Everything that the Father gives me will come to me, and I will not reject anyone who comes to me, because I came down from heaven not to do my own will but the will of the one who sent me" and Isaiah 55:10-11, which state, "For just as from the heavens the rain and snow come down and do not return there till they have watered the earth, making it fertile and fruitful, giving seed to him who sows and bread to him who eats, so shall my word be that goes forth from my mouth; it shall not return to me void, but shall do my will, achieving the end for which I sent it." Furthermore, the talk of manna in John 6:31 is similar to Deuteronomy 8:3. John 6:31 states, "Our ancestors ate manna in the desert, as it is written: 'He gave them bread from heaven to eat.'" Deuteronomy 8:3 says, "He humbled you and let you be hungry, and fed you with manna which you did not know, nor did your fathers know, that He might make you understand that man does not live by manna alone, but man lives by everything that proceeds out of the mouth of Yahweh." Another important similarity is that the people in John 6:41 "grumble" (because Jesus said he was the bread that came down from heaven) just as the people "grumbled" after being fed in old Jewish scriptures when they were in the desert. All of these similarities work together to show the readers of the Gospel of John that Jesus is continuing the work that his Father talked about earlier, and one of the only differences between this "new" discourse is that it is quite surprising and confusing to the people listening in John 6 that Jesus is calling himself the bread of life. These words (vv.32,33,35,50-51, 54-58)were so extraordinary that even Christ's followers said: "This is a hard saying; who can hear it?" And many of them "went back and walked no more with Him" (vv. 60-66). Still it is important to note that those that would "walk no more" were not chosen disciples. None of the Chosen Twelve were included in this group for they still believed that He, Jesus, held the words of eternal life. This was affirmed by Peter who said of Jesus (6:69) "We believe and know that you are the Holy One of God". They still believed, despite the fact that one among them was considered a devil by Jesus, meaning Judas Iscariot, the one who would betray him later.

After the people come back to find Jesus he questions them to see if they fully understand why he performed the miracle of the feeding of them. When the people show they do not fully understand what it means to believe, Jesus explains to them what the Bread of Life is and how the people can only receive the bread of Life if they believe in the Son who is sent by the Father. By receiving the bread in vv 51-58, ,they can eat his flesh and drink his blood, the food that has come down from heaven to nourish all of those who believe. Some see this as an allusion to the Eucharist. Jesus tells the people his wisdom (gospel) is the bread of Life they seek. This results in an argument among the people because some do not understand the meaning of (6:53) "eating my flesh and drinking my blood" and others previously claimed Jesus is the son of Joseph, who is known to them, and so could not be the Son of God.

In John Chapter 6, one can see the difficulty that Christ caused for the Jewish ruling council. They ignorantly thought he advocated the consumption of His flesh (verse 53), a concept very much in conflict with the strict Jewish laws that regulated what a person could eat. Cannibalism was definitely not condoned. Christ used this radical example, though, to reveal the true meaning of the Law and Prophets to the Jews, a fulfillment of the law that would ultimately supersede all the previous law. He hearkened back to the Israelites as they ate manna in the desert while they followed Moses and they died (verse 58), and used the Jews’ sense of history and tradition to further His cause. He knew that the Jews would be familiar with the notion of ‘manna of life,’ as they had been saved by manna from heaven, and so His own example of eternally nourishing bread (His teaching).

For Further Reading
James F. McGrath, "Food for Thought: The Bread of Life Discourse (John 6:25-71) in Johannine Legitimation"

D. Moody Smith; John: New Testament Commentary; Abingdon Press, 1999; Nashville, TN


text: Miskito/Wordlisteng

title: Miskito/Wordlisteng


text:
User talk:68.0.226.163

Welcome!
Welcome to Wikibooks, a collection of open-content textbooks! You don't have to log in to read or edit articles on Wikibooks, but creating an account is quick, free and non-intrusive, requires no personal information, and gives you many benefits, including:
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We hope that you choose to become a Wikibookian and create an account. Feel free to ask me any questions you may have on my talk page. By the way, make sure to sign your posts and comments with four tildes (~~~~), which will let others know who left it.

-- Herby talk thyme 09:12, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:68.0.226.163


text:
User talk:Mailbrain

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
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You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 09:13, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mailbrain


text:
User talk:RyanB88~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
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 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 09:14, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

 * For the record I hate these "welcome" messages, they assume I know nothing about wikibooks of WMF, which in my case at least isn't true.RyanB88 17:58, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called RyanB88. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name RyanB88~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:39, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:26, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:RyanB88~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Dnas~enwikibooks

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
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 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 09:14, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Dnas. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Dnas~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:06, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:54, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dnas~enwikibooks


text:
User talk:Kasiab

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 09:14, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kasiab


text:
User talk:Carylnm

Hello and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * If you're a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be an idea if you add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there.

Good luck! -- Herby talk thyme 09:14, 18 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Carylnm


text: Miskito/Vocabulary (English)

title: Miskito/Vocabulary (English)


text:
User talk:Nanuka sunny~enwikibooks

gigo gabashvili

gigo gabaSvili (1862-1936)

qarTuli funjis jadoqarma, koloritis ubadlo ostatma, axali realisturi ferweris erT-erTma fuZemdebelma, gigo gabaSvilma Tavisi mkafiod gamoxatuli individualobiT Tavidanve miiqcia farTo sazogadoebis yuradReba. misma Semoqmedebam qarTuli ferwera kidev ufro gaamdidra, xeli Seuwyo misi sazogadoebrivi rolisa da mniSvnelobis amaRlebas. gigo gabaSvilma Tavisi mravalmxrivi SemoqmedebiT safuZveli Cauyara qarTul Janrul da batalur ferweras, fsiqologiurad gaaRrmava portretuli da peizaJuri ferwera. mxatvris SemoqmedebiTi aRmavlobis periodi XIX saukunis bolo aTwleulsa da XX saukunis dasawyiss moicavs. am drosaa Seqmnili misi saukeTeso tiloebi. mxatvari muSaobda rogorc ferweraSi, aseve grafikaSic (akvareliT, pasteliT da kalmiT). gigo gabaSvilis Semoqmedeba Tematurad mravalmxrivia. igi aris qarTul ferweraSi naturmortisa da peisaJis damamkvidrebeli. misi zogierTi peizaJi qarTuli mxatvrobis brwyinvale nimuSia. aseve mis nawarmoebebs ar axasiaTebT gadmogvcen konfliqturi situaciebi. gigo gabaSvili siyvaruliT, siTboTi, mTeli simarTliT gvixatavs cxovrebas, mas Seswevs unari fsiqologiurad gaxsnas adamianis buneba. “gigo gabaSvilis Semoqmedeba warmoadgens qarTuli xelovnebis axal furcels. mxatvari Rrmad Cawvda mSobliur xalxs gulis siRrmeSi. Mas izidavda qarTveli xalxis brwyinvale warsuli, misi rainduli buneba... misi adaTebi, yofis patriarqaluri tradiciebi, mSvenieri Zveli Tbilisi, misis warmtaci ferebi...” ase axasiaTebs mis Semoqmedebas S. amiranaSvili.

gigo ivanes Ze gabaSvili daibada TbilisSi 1862 wlis noemberSi. mxatvris mama 1868 wels qoleris epidemiisgan gardaicvala da mcirewlovani bavSvis aRzrdis mTeli simZime dedas daawva kiserze. rodesac gigo wamoizarda, dedam igi Tbilisis realur saswavlebelSi miabara. bunebiT niWieri da cnobismoyvare gigo bavSvobidanve iyo gatacebuli xatviT. mTel dReebs atarebda Tbilisis Zvel ubnebSi, xatavda yvelafers, rac mis yuradRebas miipyrobda, ZiriTadad ki naturidan: Zveli cixis nangrevebs, ferad-ferad bazrebs, qalaqel tipebs da a.S. aTi wlis gigo dedam miabara  germanel for der nenies, sadac igi swavlobda germanul da frangul enebs. 1881 wels gigo gabaSvili Sedis k. k. keppenis kerZo samxatvro skolaSi. am skolis upiratesoba is iyo, rom moswavleebs skolis damTavrebis Semdeg neba eZleodaT Sesuliyvnen peterburgis samxatvro akademiaSi. iseTi gamocdili pedagogis xelSi, rogoric keppeni iyo, gabaSvilma did warmatebebs miaRwia. misi naxati ufro gamomxatveli da kolorituli gaxda. am periodis namuSevrebidan aRsaniSnavia “dedis portreti”, “qaliSvilis portreti” da sxv. materialuri xelmokleobis gamo mxatvari iZulebuli gaxda, mxazveladac emuSava. 1883 wels gigo gabaSvili miemgzavreba peterburgSi samxatvro akademiaSi mosawyobad. vinaidan mas sruli saSualo ganaTleba ar hqonda miRebuli, unda Caebarebina gamocdebi simwifis atestatze, misi profesiuli momzadebis done ki ar akmayofilebda akademiis imdroindel moTxovnebs, amitomac is akademiaSi ver moxvda. droebiTma warumateblobam ver SeaSina mxatvari, gadawyvita, darCeniliyo peterburgSi da Seevso is xarvezebi, rac gaaCnda. amasTanave mas ar gauwyvetia kavSiri saqarTvelosTan. TbilisSi myof mxatvar batalist f. rubosTan erTad, rogorc asistenti, bataluri suraTis Sesaqmnelad miemgzavreba yarsSi, raTa Seegrovebina ruseT-TurqeTis 1877-1878 wlebis brZolebis masalebi. swored am garemoebam gadaawyvetina mas, swavla gaegrZelebina batalur klasSi. gigo gabaSvili peterburgSi Zalian mZime pirobebSi imyofeboda. CrdiloeTis mkacrma havam, usaxsrobam Searyia misi janmrTeloba. miuxedavad amisa man mainc miaRwia mizans da 1886 wels Caricxes Tavisufal msmenelad cnobil rus mxatvar-fermwer b. p. vilevaldes klasSi, xolo xatvas swavlobs profesor Cestiakovis Tavis Semswavlel klasSi. peterburgSi yofnis dros igi dauaxlovda iq myof qarTvel mxatvrebs romanoz gvelesians da daviT guramiSvils, agreTve o. Smerlings da n. samokiSs. gigo gabaSvilma, rogorc niWierma studentma, akademiaSi swavlis periodSi profesor-maswavlebelTa yuradReba miiqcia. mis mier akademiaSi Sesrulebuli namuSevrebi ramdenjerme aRiniSna jildoTi. pirveli vercxlis wamaxalisebeli medali miiRo ewiudSi “cxeni” (1887 w.), romelic Semdeg, rogorc saukeTeso naxati, akademiaSi datoves. Tavisi dauzareli Sromis Sedegad gigo gabaSvilma axal warmatebebs miaRwia. akademiaSi swavlis dros Seasrula ramdenime kompozicia Tavisufal Temaze: “qurTi meomari”, “qaravani Sesvenebisas”, risTvisac miiRo didi da mcire vercxlis medlebi. 1886 wels man Seqmna mravalfiguriani tilo “bazari baqoSi”, risTvisac mianiWes mxatvris wodeba da gadasces vercxlis medali. es suraTi gamofenili iyo peterburgis samxatvro akademiaSi da cnobilma koleqcionerma p. m. tretiakovma galereisTvis SeiZina. 1888 wels gigo gabaSvilma daamTavra peterburgis samxatvro akademiis bataluri ferweris klasi da swavlis Semdgomi gagrZelebis saWiroebisTvis iRebs akadeimiur Svebulebas, Camodis samSobloSi, magram materialuri xelmokleobis gamo igi ver axerxebs akademiaSi dabrunebas. Tumca akademiis sabWos 1889 wlis 17 maisis sabWos oqmSi, aRniSnuli Svebulebis micemasTan dakavSirebiT gigo gabaSvili daxasiaTebulia, rogorc metad bejiTi da “kargi samxatvro unariT” dajildoebuli mowafe. peterburgSi yofnisas mxatvari Rrmad Caswvda mowinave rusuli xelovnebis arss, mis humanurobas, demokratiul Sexdulebebsa da xalxurobas, dauaxlovda 80-90-iani wlebis rus mwinave inteligencias _ “peredviJnikebs” da saqarTveloSi dabrunebuli Seudga Tavis SemoqmedebaSi am ideebis gatarebas. aRniSnuli periodisTvis gigo gabaSvili ukve kargad iyo cnobili qarTveli sazogadoebisTvis, rogorc imedismomcemi, niWieri da perspeqtiuli mxatvari. samSobloSi dabrunebis Semdeg g. gabaSvili mogzaurobs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeSi, agrovebs masalebs da qmnis qarTveli xalis cxovrebisa da saqarTvelos bunebis asaxvel mravalricxovan etiudebs, naxatebs, eskizebsa da suraTebs, romelTa saxiT 1890 wels monawileobas iRebs Tbilisis samxedro istoriul muzeumSi gamarTul “Tbilisis mxatvrebisa da mxatvrobis moyvrulTA gamofenaSi”, xolo 1891 wlis pirvel ricxvebSi marTavs Tavisi nawarmoebebis pirvel gamofenas. es gamofena, sadac daaxloebiT 70 sxvadasxva Janris namuSevrebi iyo gamofenili, istriulad aramarto qarTveli mxatvris mier individualuri gamofenis gamarTvis pirvel SemTxvevas, aramed saerTod qarTuli mxatvrobis pirvel gamofenasac warmoadgenda. man axalgazrda xelovans ferweris realisti ostatisa da didi talantoT dajildoebuli mxatvris saxeli daumvidra. gigo gabaSvilis es gamofena saerTod didi istoriuli Rirebulebis mqone movlena iyo mTeli axali qarTuli realisturi mxatvrobis istoriaSi. samwuxarod gamofenis katalogi ar Senaxula. amave dros, gamofenaze warmodgenil nawarmoebTA absoluturi umravlesobac amJamad gafantulia (ar aris cnobili), ris gamoc gamofenis yovelmxrivi ganxilva SeuZlebeli xdeba. gigo gabaSvili Tavis adreul namuSevrebSi naturis garegnul saxeze ufro amaxvilebda yuradRebas, magram TandaTan misTvis did mniSvnelobas iZens Sinagani xasiaTis, mdgomareobis gadmocema, rasac igi aRwevs daxvewili kompoziciebiT da koloriti mravalferovnebiT. amis Sesaxeb kargad aris aRniSnuli 90-iani wlebis Tbilisis periodul presaSi, rogoric iyo “iveria”, “tifliski listoki” “novoe obozrenie”. miuxedavad mkacri, ramdenadme tendenciuri kritikisa, isini erTxmad aRiarebdnen mxatvris did niWs. am periodSi gabaSvili qmnis ufro daxvewil da mravalmxrivi Tematikis amsaxvel tiloebs, magram samwuxarod Cvenamde mxolod mcire nawilma moaRwia, radgan umetesi nawili SeiZina amerikelma milionerma Carlz krenma, romelic 1891 wels mogzaurobda kavkasiasa da Sua aziaSi. igi saqarTveloSi yofnis dros gaecno Tbilisel mxatvarTa namuSevrebs da gigo gabaSvilis tiloebiT aRtacebulma SeukveTa mxatvars Sua aziisa da kavkasiis xedebisa da tipebis amsaxveli suraTebi. 1893 wlisTvis g. gabaSvili SekveTis erT nawils, kavkasiis TemasTan dakavSirebul namuSevrebs, gzavnis amerikaSi, xolo amave dros Seqmnili Tbilisuri yofis amsaxveli namuSevrebidan SeiZleba gamoiyos mxatvris

sami moqalaqe

iseTi cnobili tiloebi, rogorebicaa: “sami moqalaqe”(1893), “mola” (1892-1893), “qarTveli qali dairiT” (1893) da sxva. “sami moqalaqisa” da “molas’ portreti xasiaTdeba didi realisturi simarTliT da warmoadgens mxatvris SemoqmedebiTi aRmavlobis naTel nimuSs. Tu “molas” portreti mniSvnelovania Tavisi kolorituli gadawyvetiT, “sam moqalaqeSi” amasTan erTad dominirebs fsiqologiur-socialuri faqtori. gigo gabaSvilis am periodis Semoqmedebis Sesaxeb m. duduCava aRniSnavs: “…... es iyo asparezi, romelic xasiaTdeboda Rrma realizmiT, koloritis didi ostatobiT, saerTod, ferweris SesaniSnavi plastikuri artistizmiT da agreTve am drois demokratiul-progresuli suliskveTebis asaxviT” 1894 wlis gazafxulze g. gabaSvili miemgzavreba Sua aziaSi. man Seqmna samaryandisa da buxaris xmauriani, mravalferovani quCebis, moednebis, savaWro rigebisa da bazrebis brwyinvale Canaxatebi da eskizebi. maTSi didi dakvirvebis, daxvewili gemovnebis da uzado Sesrulebis wyalobiT araCveulebrivad gadmogvcems aRmosavleTis bazari samaryandSi mravalferovan kolorits. iqmneba Sua aziis ganumeorebeli arqiteqturuli peizaJi. am nawarmoebebSi metad ostaturadaa Serwymuli Sua aziis ganumeorebeli arqiteqturuli peizaJi aRmosavlur yofiT suraTebTan, sadac aqcenti gakeTebulia adamianze. Sua aziaSi nayofieri SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis Semdeg g. gabaSvili dabrunda TbilisSi, Caabara SekveTili 28 namuSevari da amave wlis noemberSi gaemgzavra miunxenSi samxatvro akademiaSi mxatvruli ostatobis asamaRleblad miunxenis samxatvro akademiis profesorTa sabWoze warmodgenilma g. gabaSvilis namuSevrebma imenad maRali Sefaseba daimsaxures, rom axalgazrda mxatvari profesor vagneris kompoziciis klasSi Caricxes bolo kursze da stipendiis garda calke ufaso saxelosnoc misces naturiT, rac Zalze iSviaTi SemTxveva iyo akademiis istoriaSi, gansakuTrebiT ucxoelTaTvis. mxatvari energiulad Seudga muSaobas. igi grZnobda Tavis upiratesobas sxva mxatvrebTan SedarebiT, radgan mas, rogorc ukve Tavisufal mxatvars mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli xelwera da sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi saxe hqonda. miunxenis samxatvro akademias ar SeeZlo, raime axali mieca ferweraSi gabaSvilisTvis, rasac mxatvari kargad grZnobda, amiromac wers 1895 wlis 14 ivliss daviT guramiSvils: «... я по возможности избегаю ( своих коллег)… чтобы не заразиться тупым модерным направлением, не менять своей физиономии (чем) я больше всего дорожу. Самый лучший учитель мой - ето выставки, которые и главным образом двигают художника с искренным чутьем…» realistur safuZvelze aRzrdil da rus “peredviJnikebis” mowinave ideebis mimdevar mxatvars ar akmayofilebda arc miunxenis samxatvro akademia da arc modernisruli mimdinareoba. d. guramiSvilisadmi miweril werilSi mxatvari Cveuli pirdapirobiT aRniSnavs: “germanelebs iseTi CamorCeniloba aqvT xelovnebaSi, rom verasdros ver warmovidgendio”. miuxedavad amisa miunxenis samxatvro akademiam mainc dadebiTi gavlena moaxdina gigo gabaSvilze, Tumca igi ver egueboda akademiaSi gamefebul xatvis maneras, mis “simSrales”, “mkacr xatvas”... daviT guramiSvilisadmi miwerili werilebidan Cans, rom gigo gabaSvili did pativs scemda da iTveliawinebda daviT guramiSvilis azrs, Sexedulebebs xelovnebaze. miunxenSi yofnis periodSi mxatvarma bevri saintereso namuSevari Seasrula saqarTvelosa da Sua aziis Temebze: “dabaxana”, “ucnobi glexis portreti””, “samaryandis bazari”, “divanbegis auzi buxarSi” da sxva. “dabaxana” gamorCeulia sxva danarCen suraTebisgan Tavisi koloritiT. ramdenadac Zlieria suraTis centraluri nawili, imdenad daumuSavebelia danarCeni detalebi. kargad aris Sesrulebuli “ucnobi glexis portreti”_ xanSiSesuli adamiani, romelsac mZime Sromisgan daRaruli aqvs saxe. am suraTiT mxatvari warmogvidgens fsiqologiuri portretis SesaniSnav nimuSs. Sua aziis Temaze dawerili tiloebidan aseve aRsaniSnavia “divanbegis auzi buxaraSi”, sadac mocemulia amwvanebuli xeebi da sxvadasxva saqmiT garTuli adamianTa jgufi, auzi, romelic suraTis centralur nawils warmoadgens. masSi wyali imdenad realuradaa daxatuli rom sinamdvilis iluzias qmnis. rac Seexeba suraTs “bazari samaryandSi”_ aq vxedavT ganTqmul registanis moedans. minareTis nangrevebis fonze Cans aRmosavleTisTvis damaxasiaTebeli aTasfrad aWrelebuli bazari, sicocxle da energia igrZnoba. marTalia, mxatvari SemdegSic bevrjer ubrundeba am Temas, magram arasdros ar meordeba da yovelTvis cdilobs, axali kuTxiT asaxos es cnobili bazari. Sua aziis Temaze dawerili es ori suraTi “bazari samaryandSi” da “divanbegis auzi buxaraSi” eqsponirebuli iyo miunxenSi, gamofenaze, romlis Sesaxebac germanuli gazeTSi (“Neueste Nachrichten”) werdnen, rom suraTebi yuradRebas iqceven ferebis siuxviT, siZlieriTa da fsiqologiuri xasiaTebiT. 1896-97 wlebSi mxatvari mogzaurobs xelovnebis nimuSebis gasacnobad saberZneTsa da italiaSi. 1897 wlis Semodgomaze brundeba saqarTveloSi. 1898 wlis gazafxulze igi miemgzavreba fSav-xevsureTSi, ecnoba am kuTxis yofa cxovrebas, adaT-wesebs, agrovebs eTnografiul masalas (iaraRs, WurWels da sxva.). igi aRtacebulia xevsureTis bunebiT da mxolod xevsureTisTvis damaxasiaTebeli tipebiT. amitomac is qmnis namuSevrebis cikls xevsureTze, romelsac mxatvris SemoqmdebaSi gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia. xevsuruli ciklis brwyinvale nimuSia “mZinare xevsuri”. quTuTodaSvebuli, odnav daxrili xevsuris saxe gverdidan aris ganaTebuli. mxatvars zustad aqvs gamoxatuli moqanculi adamianis wamieri Sesveneba. sinaTlis Suqi moxucis tansacmelze ecema da kidev ufro STambeWdavia erovnuli kostiumi Tavisi silamaziT. saboloo jamSi es suraTi warmogvidgens daRlili, mZinare adamianis saxes. 1899 wels Seiqmna suraTi “mTvrali xevsuris portreti”, romelSic asaxulia SezarxoSebuli adamianis RaJRaJa wiTeli saxe amRvreuli TvalebiT. es adamiani imwuTas ver azrovnebs, suraTSi araCveulebrivad aris gamoxatuli koloriti. sainteresoa am ciklis sxva namuSevrebic. bataluri scenebidan aRsaniSnavia: “brZola arxotSi”(1899_1900), “arxotis dacva”, “xevsurebi

Satili mZinare xevsuri

dazvervaze”, “medroSe xevsuri”, “xevsuri wiTelSi”, “xevsuTa Rreoba” da sxva. xevsurTa tipebidan aseve sainteresoa “xevsuri qali”, “ori mTvrali xevsuri” da sxva. peizaJebidan _ “xevsureTi, “xevsureTis sofeli”, “saRamo xevsureTSi” da sxv. xevsuri wiTelSi

xevsureTis ciklis ZiriTadi nawili eqsponirebul iqna mxatvris personalur gamofenaze 1898 wlis 26 dekemvers samxedro istoriul muzeumSi yofil didebis taZarSi, sadac gamofenili iyo 70-mde namuSevari. aq, garda xevsureTis ciklisa warmodgenili iyo Sua aziisa da adre Sesrulebuli namuSevrebi. gamofenam gamoxmaureba pova imdroindel presaSi: gazeT “kavkazsa” da “novoe obozreniaSi”. Giorgi wereTeli “kavkazis” erT-erT nomerSi gigo gabaSvilis gamofenasTan dakavSirebiT wers: “... veravin ver iviwyebs im cxovlimyofel STabeWdilebas, romelic mouxdenia masze gigo gabaSvilis mxatvrobas, xolo es ukanaskneli Tviseba mxatvrisa utyuari sabuTia misi niWisa da xelovnebisa” xevsureTis Temas mxatvari sicocxlis bolomde ar Ralatobs. gigo gabaSvilis Semqmedebis erT-erT saintereso nawils warmoadgens axalcixesa da kaxeTSi misi mogzaurobis Sedegad Seqmnili tiloebi. gansakuTrebiiT aRsaniSnavia: “axalcixeli ebraelebi”, “gza axalcixidan varZiisken”, “alaverdoba”, “momRerali filimon qoriZe gudalis rolSi”, “mTvrali xevsuri”, “varZiis taZari” da sxva. kalmiT Sesrulebuli “axalcixeli ebraelebi” gigo gabaSvilis erT-erTi saukeTeso namuSevaria. suraTi “alaverdoba” warmoadgens saxalxo dResaswauls, romelSic gvixatvs saqarTvelos sxvadaxva kuTxidan Camosul mSromel adamianebs: kaxelebs, fSavelebs, xevsurebs.. suraTis ganwyobileba dadebiTia da nakli ar aqvs. 90-ian wlebSi gigo gabaSvili xatavs sxvadasxva Temaze Sesrulebul Janrul suraTebs, rogorebicaa: “ucnobi Tavadis portreti”, “de-rozas portreti” (1902), “tivebze” (1902), “sasaflaoze” (1904). “de-rozas portretSi” mxatvars mTeli aqcenti saxeze gadaaqvs, xolo danarCenili nawili muq ferebSia Sesrulebuli. amiT mxatvari xazs usvams moxuci musikosis STagonebul saxes,, Cans Sinagan bunebas. Amis sapirispirod SegviZlia davasaxeloT “ucnobi Tavadis portreti”, romelic Tavisi koloritiT absoluturad gansxvavdeba “de-rozas portretisgan”. teqnikurad Zalian ostaturad aris Sesrulebuli Janruli suraTi “tivebze”, sadac ZiriTadad gamoyenebulia lurji feri da am feris sxvasasxva saxecvlilebebiT, naxevartonebiT avtori lirikul ganwyobas qmnis. SesaniSnavi qarTuli peizaJis fonze ZiriTadi aqcenti isev adamianebzea gadatanili. 1902-1903 wlebSi mxatvari mogzaurobs sazvargareT, sadac qmnis sxvadasxva namuSevrebs. sazvargareT Serulebuli namuSevrebidan Cvenamde mxolod italiaSi Seqmnilma etiudma “wminda markozis taZarma” moaRwia. gigo gabaSvili axlo megobrul urTieTobaSi iyo Tavis Tanamedrove mwerlebTan, msaxiobebTan, sazogado moRvaweebTan, romlebsac xvdeboda cnobili mecenatisa da sazogado moRvawis, daviT sarajiSvilis ojaxSi. mxatvarma naturidan Seasrula akaki wereTlis, ilia WavWavaZis da sxvaTa portretebi. sainteresoa “ilia WavWavaZis portreti”, romlis damTavrebac mxatvar mouxda ilias gardacvalebis Semdeg. Tavisi xasiaTiT aranakleb mniSvnelovania “akaki wereTlis portreti”, sadac kargad aris gadmocemuli poetis STagonebuli saxe. gansakuTrebiT asaniSnavia mxatvris avtoportretebi, romlebic TavianTi koloritiT axlos dganan “de-rozas portretTan”. sabWoTa xelisuflebis damyarebis dRidan mxatvari, miuxedavad xandazmulobisa, Cveuli energiiT ganagrZobs muSaobas. igi qmnis portretebs, romelTaganac gamoirCeva cnobili qarTveli mwerlis e. ninoSvilis portreti (1928 w.), qarTveli publicistisa da sazogado moRvawis, niko nikolaZis portreti (1925-1926 ww.), “a. foraqiSvilis portreti” (1932 w.) da sxva. es portretebi agrZeleben qarTuli realisturi xelovnebis tradiciebs. saqarTveloSi ar mowyobila gamofena, romelSic mxatvars, Tundac erTi suraTiT ar mieRo monawileoba, xlo mxatvris personaluri gamofenebi xSirad ewyoboda, rogorc Tavis saxelosnoSi, aseve specialur sagamofeno darbazebSi. gigo gabaSvili cnobilia ara marto rogorc mxatvari, aramed, rogorc sazogado moRvawe. saqarTveloSi ar yofila arc erTi erovnuli wamowyeba, romelSic aqtiuri monawileoba ar mieRos mxatvars. didia mxatvris damsaxureba rogorc pedagogisa. gigo gabaSvilma jer kidev 1897 wels daarsa TbilisSi samxatvro studia, romelSic daaxoloebiT 20-30 mosawavle swavlobda. aq swavlbdnen SemdgomSi cnobili mxatvrebi: t. momcemliZe, a. pitaxia, a. gogiaSvili, l. avaliani, g. roiniSvili da sxvebi. miunxenSi wasvlamde gabaSvili muSaobda pedagogad “samxatvro sazogadoebis” xatvis skolaSi, romelsac 90-ian wlebSi kvlav ubrundeba, xolo 1901 wlidan ki am skolis direqtorad iniSneba. Mmxatvari aqtiur monawileobas iRebda da erT-erTi iniciatori iyo saqarTveloSi samxatvro akademiis daarsebisa: igi Zal- Rones ar iSurebda misi formirebisa da ganviTarebisaTvis, xolo samxatvro akademiis daarsebis dRidanve (1992 wlis 14 maisi) miwveuli iyo profesorad da 1930 wlamde Cveuli mondomebiTa da gulisxmierebiT uZRveboda ferweris ganyofilebas. ara erTi da ori mxatvari arzrdila misi uSualo xelmZRvanelobiT samxatvro akademiis kedlebSi. eseni arian: apolon quTaTelaZe, Salva mamalaZe, vaxtang jafariZe, sergo qobulaZe da sxvebi. igi Tavisi studentebis mimarT metad mzrunveli da yuradRebiani iyo. ar SeiZleba ar aRiniSnos is didi wvlili, romelic gigo gabaSvils miuZRvis qarTuli eTnografiuli muzeumis SeqmnaSi. wlebis manZilze mogzaurobis dros Segrovebuli mdidari eTnografiuli siZveleebi mxatvarma muzeums Seswira, xolo saZRvargareT mogzaurobis dros SeZenili Zvirfasi wignebi saxviTi xelovnebis Sesaxeb, usasyidlod gadasca saqarTvelos erovnul galereas. 1936 wels gigo gabaSvili gaemgzavra SemoqmedebiT mivlinebaSi, sadac unda Seeqmna didi tilo sabWoTa aWaris cxovrebidan “mosavlis zeimi”, romelic daukveTa sakavSiro sagamofeno komitetma, magram Seryeuli janmrTelobis gamo ver SeZlo am miznis ganxorcieleba da gardaicvala cixisZiris dasasvenebel saxlSi imave wlis 28 oqtombers. baTumi

gigo gabaSvilma Tavisi xangrZlivi moRvaweobis periodSi Seqmna 2000-ze meti suraTi, etiudi da naxati, romelTa umetesi nawili, misi anderZis Tanaxmad, daculia saqarTvelos ssr xelovnebis saxelmwifo muzeumSi calkeuli misi suraTebi inaxeba ruseTis, evropisa da amerikis muzeumebSi, xolo sawili gafantulia kerZo koleqciebSi.

mtkvari

sabWoTa mTavrobam mxedvelobaSi miiro gigo gabaSvilis damsaxureba samSoblos winaSe da 1929 wels mas mianiWa saqarTvelos saxalxo mxatvris wodeba. igi pirveli qarTveli mxatvaria, romelsac es wodeba mieniWa moqandake iakob nikolaZesaTan erTad.

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title: User talk:Nanuka sunny~enwikibooks