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Cookbook:Dinuguan (Pork Blood Stew)

| Cuisine of the Philippines

Dinuguan (pork blood stew) or dinardaraan in Ilocano is a Filipino dish usually made from the blood, entrails and meat of a pig. It is sometimes known as "chocolate meat" as the stew has a thick chocolate-like color and consistency. The name "dinuguan" is derived from the Filipino word "dugo", meaning blood. Likewise, in Ilocano, "dinardaraan" is derived from "dara", meaning blood. Dinuguan has more liquid, while dinardaraan is drier. It is most often served over rice or puto (sweet steamed rice muffins).

Ingredients

 * 3 cups (700 g) ½-inch cubed boneless pork butt with fat
 * 3 tablespoons lard or peanut oil
 * ½ cup (120 ml) vinegar mixed with 1 cup (240 ml) water and 1 tablespoon salt
 * 1 medium-sized yellow onion, peeled and sliced
 * 1½ cups (360 ml) pork blood (Ideally from Vietnamese, Filipino or Western European markets)
 * 3 cloves garlic, peeled and crushed
 * 2 hot jalapeño peppers, seeded and chopped

Preparation

 * 1) Place the pork in a 4-quart (560 ml) covered stove-top casserole dish and add the vinegar mixture. Bring to a boil and reduce the heat.
 * 2) Cook, covered, for about an hour, until the pork is tender. Make sure that the liquid doesn't dry out. Add more water if necessary.
 * 3) Heat a frying pan and add the lard or oil.
 * 4) When the oil is hot enough, sauté the onion and garlic until the onion appears translucent. Remove from heat.
 * 5) Add the oil, garlic, and onion to the pork and continue cooking for 5 minutes.
 * 6) Purée the pork blood in a food processor.
 * 7) Add the blood to the pork gradually while stirring the mixture. Bring to a boil.
 * 8) Add the chopped pepper and simmer uncovered to reduce the sauce until desired thickness is achieved. Keep covered and serve hot.

title: Cookbook:Dinuguan (Pork Blood Stew)


text:
Suzuki UC125/Common Faults

 * The Airbox bracket(s) can break. These brackets hold the airbox with the carburettor in between to the engine and are subject to engine vibration. The Airbox may hit against the frame of the bike causing undue stress on the bracket, but the bracket may break on its own. This will cause scratching/vibrating noises at different levels of engine speed. To see if one of the brackets have broken gain access to the airbox and move it around checking if the backets holding it are broken.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Suzuki UC125/Common Faults


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Cookbook:Dum ka Qimah (Spiced Minced Meat)

| South Asian cuisines

Ingredients

 * 1 cup oil
 * 3 medium onions, peeled and thinly sliced
 * 7–8 whole red chillis
 * 1 kg lean minced meat (beef or lamb)
 * 1 tbsp ginger paste
 * 1 tsp garam masala
 * 1½ tsp salt
 * 2 tbsp yogurt
 * 2 tbsp ground unripe green papaya
 * 1 piece coal
 * 2 tbsp freshly-chopped green coriander (cilantro)
 * 1 tsp finely-chopped green chillies

Procedure

 * 1) Heat oil in a heavy-based saucepan. Add onions and, stirring frequently, fry for 8–10 minutes to a light golden color.
 * 2) Remove onions from oil and fry the whole chillies just for a moment, otherwise they will burn.
 * 3) Reserve the oil, put the onions and whole chillies in a chopper or food processor, and blend to a smooth paste without using water.
 * 4) Thoroughly wash the minced meat, and squeeze out any water.
 * 5) Put the minced meat in a bowl. Add onion paste, ginger paste, salt, garam masala and yogurt. Knead the mixture really well for a few minutes with your hands until it is smooth.
 * 6) Cover and leave to marinate at room temperature for about 3–4 hours or overnight in the refrigerator. One hour before cooking, mix in the ground papaya.
 * 7) Put the charcoal over medium flame, and wait until the coal is fully red and is covered by white ash.
 * 8) Meanwhile place the meat mixture in a metal pan. Make a well in the center. Put a small piece of aluminum foil in it. Place the burned coal over it and put 2–3 drops of oil on it. Cover it at once with a tight fitting lid and put aside for 20–25 minutes.
 * 9) Take out ½ cup of oil from the reserved oil. Reheat the oil in a heavy based pan. Discard the charcoal, and fry the mince over low heat for 4-5 minutes. Cover with a tight fitting lid and cook for 15–20 minutes or until all excess moisture has been absorbed.
 * 10) Transfer to a serving dish and decorate with onion ring, green chilli, and coriander leaves.


text:
Cookbook talk:Dum ka Qimah (Spiced Minced Meat)

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Transwiki:Easy Hydroponics Feeding

There are many things that can complicate feeding your plants hydroponically. It can be hard enough trying to feed the right strength and right ratios of N-P-K, let alone trying to figure out trace nutrients and secondary nutrients. Once you get past these basics, you must consider plant vitamins, hormones, and keeping everything at the right Ph. If you are just starting out and you only have 20 bucks in your pocket and a teaspoon, this is written for you. I recommend you eventually get a ph meter and a TDS (or EC) meter if you are serious.

The first ten days your plants have roots, feed them 400 ppm Maxsea 3-20-20. This is about 1 level teaspoon/gallon of tap water. Add to this 1/4 teaspoon epsom salts for magnesium.

After that, feed them 600 ppm Maxsea 16-16-16. This is about 1 rounded teaspoon. To each gallon add 1/4 teaspoon epsom salts.

When you are finished with vegatative growth and begin flowering, feed your garden a rounded 1/2 tsp Maxsea 16-16-16 plus a rounded 1/2 tsp Maxsea 3-20-20 in each gallon of water. Be especially sure to add 1/4 tsp epsom salts to each gallon through the flowering stage. I used to switch to straight Maxsea 3-20-20 at this point, but most plants look a little nitrogen deficient by the end. Feed your garden in this way for two weeks, while the plants transition from vegatative growth to flowering.

After the transitioning period, feed your garden 800 ppm Maxsea 3-20-20 until you near the end of flowering. This is about 2 level teaspoons per gallon. Make sure to add 1/4 tsp epsom salts to each gallon. The very last 10 to 14 days before you harvest, you will want to feed your garden only plain water. Flushing you garden will remove excess nutrient salts from the plant tissue and will improve the aroma and flavor of your garden produce.

Seaweed additives are a popular choice when it comes to trace nutrients and plant hormone supplements. Since Maxsea fertalizers are seaweed based fertalizers, these benefits are built in and no additional supplements are required for these two things.

When you mix up Maxsea in a nutrient solution, it is a nearly perfect Ph. What's more, the Ph is stable in solution for many days. This is great for the beginning hydroponics gardener. This means you can get away without the initial cost of an expensive Ph meter in the beginning.

By carefully measuring the fertalizer when you mix up the nutrient solution, you can get away without the initial cost of an expensive TDS meter or EC meter as well. The best advice here would be to always top off your nutrient reservoir with 1/2 strength solution whenever it is a little low. Every two weeks, start over with fresh water and nutrients to avoid a nutrient imbalance in your solution.

The completeness of Maxsea offers you a very simple feeding plan. Between the two formulas (16-16-16 and 3-20-20) it is easy to provide a good balance of N-P-K for any stage of growth. Even so, if you carefully read the fertalizer ingredients, you will find Maxsea is missing one thing... magnesium. By adding 1/4 teaspoon epsom salts/gallon, you inexpensively avoid having any problems with a magnesium deficiency.

Finally, Maxsea costs considerably less than high quality professional hydroponics fertalizers, and will give you excellent results just the same. This is especially true when you begin buying the different hydroponic fertalizer parts, and the separate plant hormone additives, and the Ph meter and TDS meter to properly maintain the solutions. So, for a simpler way that also saves you money, keep this page mind.

For more information on maintaining your nutrient solution check out... http://www.jasons-indoor-guide-to-organic-and-hydroponics-gardening.com/how-to-grow-hydro.html

To learn more about the different hydroponics systems go to... http://www.jasons-indoor-guide-to-organic-and-hydroponics-gardening.com/hydroponics-growing-systems.html

title: Transwiki:Easy Hydroponics Feeding


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Transwiki talk:Easy Hydroponics Feeding

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title: Transwiki talk:Easy Hydroponics Feeding


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Cookbook:Eggs Connaught

| Seafood

This elegant recipe for eggs Connaught was originally published in Cordon Bleu Cookery Course Volume Five (pages 2–3), printed in 1968. Legend has it that the dish was invented at the Connaught Hotel in Mayfair London. It is a light and spring-like dish perfect for any spring festivities such as Easter, where it make a perfect starter for the Easter Sunday lunch.

Ingredients

 * 6 hard-boiled eggs
 * ½ cup milk
 * 1 slice of onion
 * 1 blade of mace
 * 6 peppercorns
 * 3½ oz (100 g) butter
 * 1 Tablespoon flour
 * Salt
 * Pepper
 * 1 packet of demi-sel cheese
 * 1 teaspoon paprika
 * 4 oz (about 115 g) prawns/shrimp, shelled
 * ½ bunch of watercress

Procedure

 * 1) Scald the milk with onion, mace and peppercorns, tip into a jug, cover, and leave to infuse. Rinse the pan with cold water, add ½ oz (about 30 g) butter, heat gently, and blend in the flour. Strain in the milk, and add salt to taste. Stirring continuously, bring milk to the boil, then cook for 1 minute.
 * 2) Turn the sauce onto a plate, cover with buttered paper to prevent a skin forming, and leave until cold.
 * 3) Cream remaining butter until soft.
 * 4) Split the hard boiled eggs in two. Scoop out the yolks and rub through a wire strainer; keep the whites in a bowl of water as they will soon get hard if exposed to the air. Work the yolks with the creamed butter, cheese, paprika and cold sauce. Chop half the prawns finely, add to the mixture and season to taste. Drain the dry egg whites and have ready a round serving dish or use a cake platter.
 * 5) Spoon a drop of filling onto the dish to hold each egg white in position, arrange them in a circle and then fill each with the mixture—you can use a piping bag with a ½-inch (about 1.25 cm) plain nozzle.
 * 6) Scatter over the remaining prawns (split in half if large) and dust with paprika. Place the watercress in the middle and serve brown bread and butter separately.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * For a very special party this recipe can be prepared with smoked salmon in place of prawns. Save a little smoked salmon to cut into fine shreds and scatter over.

title: Cookbook:Eggs Connaught


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Cookbook talk:Eggs Connaught

* (cur) (last) 22:34, 4 February 2006 Csari (belongs in wikibooks cookbook) * (cur) (last) 10:01, 15 January 2006 Bluemoose (AWB assisted clean up + tagging) * (cur) (last) 14:09, 14 August 2005 DavidsWiki * (cur) (last) 14:08, 14 August 2005 DavidsWiki * (cur) (last) 14:04, 14 August 2005 DavidsWiki * (cur) (last) 08:02, 24 July 2005 SimonP (restore) * (cur) (last) 01:37, 24 July 2005 Rmky87 (moved to cookbooks) * (cur) (last) 19:06, 20 April 2005 Dr.frog m (category) * (cur) (last) 16:20, 8 April 2005 Tagishsimon (== See also ==*List of egg dishes) * (cur) (last) 09:48, 11 February 2005 Fredrik m (Reverted edits by 62.254.0.38 to last version by Geni) * (cur) (last) 09:44, 11 February 2005 62.254.0.38 * (cur) (last) 10:16, 7 February 2005 Geni * (cur) (last) 10:26, 27 January 2005 DanielCD (→Method) * (cur) (last) 06:11, 27 January 2005 62.254.0.38 * (cur) (last) 06:10, 27 January 2005 62.254.0.38 * (cur) (last) 06:09, 27 January 2005 62.254.0.38 * (cur) (last) 06:08, 27 January 2005 62.254.0.38 * (cur) (last) 06:04, 27 January 2005 62.254.0.38
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title: Cookbook talk:Eggs Connaught


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Cookbook:Eintopf

Eintopf (German, lit.: one pot - because only one pot is needed for preparing it) is a traditional German stew which can consist of a great number of different ingredients.

Most commonly, ingredients include pork, beef, or chicken meat along with a variety of assorted vegetables such as carrots, peas, beans (often French beans), potatoes, cauliflower, celery, onions, asparagus, or garlic. To bring out the flavor of these ingredients, numerous different kinds of kitchen herbs like parsley, lovage or chive may be added, as well as salt, pepper and other spices.

Beef stock, chicken broth or vegetable stock are often used as a foundation, to which the other ingredients are gradually added. Eintopf is often served with bread and butter; some people also top their Eintopf with a dash of grated cheese.

On German-crewed ships around the world, the noon meal on Saturdays is traditionally Eintopf, or "Saturday soup". A cook will tell you that the soup is made from all the leftovers of the week before.

Many different regional recipes for Eintopf are known in Germany.

title: Cookbook:Eintopf


text:
Cookbook talk:Eintopf

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title: Cookbook talk:Eintopf


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General Genetics/Mutations and Evolution

Its often not grandiose, overlapping theories such as the Neutral Theory of Evolution, or Modern Synthesis, that biologists work with in their research on a day-to-day basis. Instead, it is the beautiful basics of genetics that are the cornerstone of experiments. The basics are then used to reflect on bigger ideas, such as population ecology and evolution. It is the beautiful basics of genetics with which we concern ourselves in this section.

Every organism has a set of genes and half of the genes of that organism come from each parent. The combinations of the genes causes the variation of individuals within the species. The genes of a butterfly, an ape or a fowl carry the code that determines the appearance and the character of the butterfly, the ape and the fowl. The genetic code allows an overwhelming variety within the species of the kind. A mutation is basically a gene that has an abnormality in relation to its normal configuration. The abnormality can then be passed to successive offspring, thereby producing a marked difference. There are many different types of mutations. The smallest possible genetic mutation is a 'point-mutation'. This occurs in the DNA when the base-pairs combine with the 'wrong' partner. Multiple point-mutations are common and are found to increase substantially by the effect of mutagens. Mutations are, of course, heritable and these can extend to whole or part chromosomal mutations. Because many genes are affected by a chromosomal mutation, these often have drastic ramifications on the offspring.


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Talk:AppleScript Programming

(Newest post first)

Navigation bar and book strucure
I plan to add navigation bar throughout the book at the bottom of the pages.

From out of nowhere in the middle of the section Sample Programs the structure of the book changes to a deep structure, while the rest of the book has a flat structure. Does anyone have an opinion on flat or deep structure to the subpages of the book? I'd say a flat structure i.e. only one level of subpages would be sufficient in this book. In my opinion some pages have an awkward name too. If no one objects the pages could be rearranged to a consistent structure (flat in my opinion, but anyone may disagree), and I could add the navigation bar to the rest of the chapters. -- Abuluntu (discuss • contribs) 23:53, 17 October 2020 (UTC)

 * An update to myself, and others listening. I've added the autonav template throughout the book, and moved the sample programs to subpages of Sample Programs. Thus the deep structure was kept. — Abuluntu  (talk) 08:33, 8 November 2020 (UTC)

Ancient discussion
I am adding the "source" tag in samples to comply with the Wikibooks / Wikimedia standard for code samples within a page. This Wikibook needs to be expanded, ideally adopting more of a complete manual format for readers. I would reorganize the document to adhere to the content approach of other computer language Wikibooks. --C. S. Wyatt (talk) 23:06, 26 March 2009 (UTC)

I would like to jump in here and help organize, create, and edit the content of this Wikibook so it more closely resembles a general text. I am also working on FutureBASIC documentation for OS X. If no one speaks up in a week or two, I'll assume it is okay to contribute. -- C. S. Wyatt

I'm going to expand this book, original creator wants or not. Yet, if someone considers any of the terms and names (especially the "Advanced Code List"), let me know about what you have in mind. F-3000 09:47, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

I knw im just an anon, ill get an account later. First, the title is wrong. AppleScript is written in CamelCase. Second, 3 examples won't teach anyone how to code. I can contribute! Maybe I should. but its 1 am where I live, so I'll get back to you. (Be aware my IP changes every few... seconds.) 66.82.9.89 06:32, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:AppleScript Programming


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AppleScript Programming/Basic commands

AppleScript is a programming language that is somewhat similar to English making it easier to understand than some programming languages. The commands in AppleScript are written in a syntax similar to English. This allows users more easily understand the code.

A first script
Alright, let's write our first program! Launch your Script Editor application (in /Applications/Applescript [pre OSX 10.5] or /Applications/Utilities [OSX 10.5 or later]) and type this into your new document:

Then hit the run button.

Your Mac should now play its default beep sound. You have just learned your first AppleScript command:. The above script is the shortest script in AppleScript, or at least the shortest that does something.

Dialog boxes
But if you're going to write a tool for scripting programs or even a small AppleScript program, you're going to need to learn to do more than to make the computer beep. The next command we will explore is " ". A display dialog command is written like this:

This can be used to present information to a user or, as you will find out later, ask for it.

Setting variables
Another vital command you should learn is the " " command. The " " command sets variables to strings, lists, records, and other variable types. Here is a  command in action:

Now, if one wanted to show the user what the text stored in variable "theVariable" was, they could type:

A dialog box would appear with the text "Support Wikibooks!"

Now you know three vital commands and were briefly introduced to strings. More information on strings is in the next module.

Using variables with strings
You can use a variable and a string in the same  line. They are combined with

Exercises
Create a program says "Hello [your name]" with [your name] in a variable.

(Answers)

title: AppleScript Programming/Basic commands


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Literary Criticism/Authors

David Johncock

My Wikipedia Userpage is accessible here.

title: Literary Criticism/Authors


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Music Theory/Pop

 * note: the main focus is on American Pop Music

What is pop?
Pop basically means popular music. Popular music has had many sources from which it is derived. Many of these having come from imported traditions; those being: European American music, African American music and Latin American music. They have influenced each other greatly and have very different styles amongst themselves. One of the biggest and most interesting themes that is encountered throughout the history of popular American Music is that it starts off within a marginalized community, typically an African America or Latin American community, and then moves into the mainstream of popular culture.

The Nineteenth Century
The Minstrel Show, or blackface minstrelsy, featured white performers who artificially blackened their face and skin to parody the lives of black music, dance, dress and dialect. This style of entertainment emerged from working class neighborhood's in New York City's Seventh Ward, where interracial interaction was normal. Some of the earliest hit songs from this era were Thomas Dartmouth Rice's "Jim Crow" performed in 1832 and "Zip Coon" published through sheet music in 1834. Both of these songs are more closely related to Irish and Scottish folk tunes than African American song. From the 1840s to 1880s blackface minstrelsy was the predominant genre of pop culture in the United States. The genre went through several changes and soon became the more organized and predictable "minstrel show." Although most of the biggest celebrities of the minstrel show were predominantly white, there were several African-American performers as well. The minstrel show is also the forerunner of the vaudeville, a kind of variety show that was popular in the late nineteenth and early twentieth-centuries.

An early pop songwriter was Stephen Collins Foster. He composed around two hundred songs during the 1840s to the early 1860s. Songs such as "Oh! Susana," "Beautiful Dreamer," "Camptown Races," "Old Folks at Home," and "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair" are still well-known today. He is considered the first person in the United States to make a living as a professional song-writer, surviving on his sheet music sales.

Dance music has always been important in the popular American music stream because of the various social functions it incorporates. "After the Ball," is a waltz published in 1892 an is considered the very first "mega-hit" pop song, selling over 5 million copies in sheet music. It was composed by Charles K. Harris. The song became much more popular after it was performed by John Philip Sousa's band at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

The U.S Marine band, conducted by John Philip Sousa, was the first American pop "supergroup". They toured constantly throughout the United States and Europe and had many hit songs including "The Washington Post" and "The Stars and Stripes Forever." The band had more than fifty members.

The Late Nineteenth Century and Early Twentieth Century
The 1890s saw the birth of a popular genre of music known as Tin Pan Alley, named after the stretch of 28th Street in New York City's lower Manhattan where the clanging sounds of many pianos could be heard playing songs in various keys and tempos at the same time. During the 1910s, annual music sheet sales in America had reached 30 million. TPA style stayed a popular genre of music for almost seventy years. One of the most popular composers of TPA was Paul Dresser who wrote "The Letter that Never Came," and Harry Von Tilzer, nicknamed the "Daddy of Popular Song."

From around 1896 to 1918 Ragtime was a popular form of music that derived from African American musical influences. The root word "to rag" means to enliven a piece of music or to "play against the beat", known as syncopation. The basic patterns of ragtime were transferred from the banjo. Latin American music, such as the Cuban habanera, also influenced its style. Until the end of WWI, ragtime was played by several different types of bands which include: dance bands, brass bands, country string bands, symphony, orchestras, and the classic ragtime style -solo pianists. Scott Joplin was one of the most well-known composers of ragtime music, composing one of the most well-known piano pieces of all time, "Maple Leaf Rag." Other ragtime influenced songs were George M. Cohan's "You're a Grand Old Flag," written in 1907 and Theadore Metz's "A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight," written in 1896. "Castle House Rag" was another important work of ragtime written by James Reese Europe in 1914 `and performed by Jame's Reese Europe's Society Orchestra.

The invention of the phonograph in 1877 by Thomas Alva Edison helped to disseminate music even further by providing an actual recording of the songs instead of the "do-it-yourself" format of sheet music.

During the late 1910s Jazz began to appear in the popular mainstream.

1920s
Radio networks allowed people to hear the latest songs and artists all over the United States, allowing people living thousands of miles away from each other to hear the same music simultaneously. Big musicals at New York's theatre district, Broadway, and the Hollywood film industry helped to propel music's popularity even further and make it become much more popular than it had previously been. Famous Tin Pan Alley composers such as Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, and Richard Rodgers could be heard throughout radio and in the entertainment industry.

The 20s is commonly referred to as the Jazz Age in terms of music. The Jazz Craze, which came after ragtime, was a very artistic time in terms of popular music pioneered by black musicians, but carried on by both black and white musicians, and then eventually by every ethnic group. This music style emerged in New Orlean's, Louisiana around 1900, but came into the mainstream in the 1920s. Jazz's popularity was propelled by the a jazz group called The Original Dixieland Jazz Band lead by cornet player Nick LaRocca. Their biggest hit was "Tiger Rag." ODJB were white musicians who helped to popularize jazz and bring it into the mainstream. Another famous jazz band of the same period was King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band who recorded "Dippermouth Blues" in 1923. The most notable differences usually between black and white jazz bands is that black jazz bands usually had a more flowly and relaxed feeling and relied strongly on improvisations, while white jazz bands tended to have the recordings prearranged and memorized.

Other famous jazz musicians of this era were: Duke Ellington, Fletcher Henderson, Noble Sissle and Eubie Blake. The self-proclaimed "King of Jazz" was Paul Whiteman who lead his jazz band the Ambassador Orchestra. His commercial success was so huge as to make jazz music the standard form of music in the 1920s.

Another form of music that came out during this time was Blues. There were two forms of Blues, Classic Blues and Country Blues. Classic Blues emerged from St. Louis Missouri, while Country Blues emerged from the Mississippi Delta area. Famous Classic Blues musicians were Louis Armstrong, W.C Handy and Bessie Smith. Blues has many jazz influences, but may have originated before that. Country blues wasn't recorded on phonographs until the 1920s, but may have emerged from earlier on. Blind Lemon Jefferson and Robert Johnson were both famous Country Blues musicians. Blues has had a major impact on future popular music such as Rock n Roll and R&B, since these styles are usually based and derived from the "twelve-bar blues" format. In fact, Eric Clapton's band Cream did a cover of Robert Johnston's song "Crossroad Blues" renaming it "Crossroads," and the band Jefferson Airplane gets its name in part from country blues singer Blind Lemon Jefferson.

1930s
During the 1930s, Jazz and Blues were still popular, but it was the golden age of Tin Pan Alley. With the invention of the microphone in 1925, the age of the "crooners" began. Crooning is a type of "intimate" or "personal" singing made possible because of the microphone. Most crooners sang in the Tin Pan Alley style which were songs about the good things in life such as romance and privacy; hardly any TPA song dealt with real-world issues mainly because people wanted to hear music to escape from the realities of the world, rather than be reminded of them. Irving Berlin, George Gershwin, Richard Rodgers and Cole Porter were famous arrangers of TPA music. One of the first crooners ever was Gene Austin, who sang a very famous and popular interpretation of the song "My Blue Heaven" which was one of the bestselling records of its time. Bing Crosby was another famous crooner who surpassed Gene Austin in popularity with the release of his album, "White Christmas," which was released in 1942, however, Crosby had started his career in the 30s and had already gained mass fame during that time with his song "How Deep is the Ocean?" written by Irving Berlin. Another very famous song that captures the feel of both Jazz and TPA is the popular song "I got Rhythm" written by George Gerswhin and sung by Ethel Merman.

Very few composers and singers of TPA style shared political statements, however composer Woody Guthrie, who wrote the famous song, "This Land is Your Land," did. He is considered the major influence on later urban folk musicians such as the Weavers and Bob Dylan.

The mid-30s also saw the rise of a very popular form of jazz-influenced music called "Swing," that derived from New York, Chicago and Kansas City. The word Swing derives from African American English and is a verb that means to have a "fluid, rocking rhytmitic feel." (Other words such as "jazz," "blues," and "rock n roll" also derived from African American English, however, when the music industry needs to market a certain new form of music, they turn it into a noun, such as the above examples). Swing was in heavy rotation on the radio, and swing bands often performed in ballrooms, hotels and dance halls. Famous Swing band leaders were Benny Goodman, Tommy Dorsey, Glenn Miller, Count Basie, Duke Ellington and Fletcher Henderson. Benny Goodman is nicknamed, "The King of Swing."

1940s
From 1940 to roughly 1945, Swing was still the dominant form of popular music. The song, "In the Mood" performed by Glenn Miller and his Orchestra became a national sensation.

During the 1940s Country music had become more mainstream and popular, especially amongst rural people, however, the rural people moving into urban places had a big impact on disseminating it to other people who were unfamiliar with country (country had already been around for a long time). Roy Acuff who performed the song "Great Speckled Bird" (from which many country tunes developed) rose to great fame during this time. Other great Country perfomers were Bob Nolan and the Country Swing band, Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys, who's song "New San Antonio Rose" reached Number Eleven on the pop charts in 1940.

The 1940s also gave rise to the "Big Singers" era. Frank Sinatra, nicknamed, the "Sultan of Swoon," was the most popular of the big singers. He was a crooner who had been inspired by Bing Crosby, but developed his own style. One of his most famous songs is, "Nancy with the Laughing Face." Another star of the "Big Singers" era was African American crooner Nat "King" Cole. Cole's record "Nature Boy" reached Number One on the pop music charts and held that position for eight weeks.

R&B was also starting to become more influential during the late 1940s. The song "Choo Choo Ch'Boogie," performed by Louis Jordan and His Tympany Five in 1946 topped the R&B charts for eighteen weeks and reached Number Seven on the Billboard Top 40.

1950s
During this time, the demand for popular music was rooted towards the American South, that is the demand for Country and Western music and Rhthym and Blues was becoming more apparent. "Black Night" performed by Charles Brown and His Band and "Hoochie Coochie Man," performed by Muddy Waters, were two of the biggest R&B hits of the 1950s. There were also two very famous female R&B vocalists during the 1950s, Ruth Brown and Big Mama Thornton. Big Mama Thornton became famous for performing, "Hound Dog," written for her in 1953 by the famous songwriting duo Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller and later covered, with much more toned-down lyrics, by Elvis Presley.

Another important form of music during this time was the emergence of Urban Folk which derived from Country music, but pioneered by urban rather than rural musicians. The biggest and most influental musicians of the Urban Folk movement were the Weavers led by Pete Seeger, who later inspired such musicians as Bob Dylan and Simon and Garfunkel. Honky-Tonk was another popular form of Country that sprang out of the 50s with the biggest stars being Hank Thompson, Hank Williams and Kitty Wells.

The early 50s also saw the rise of the music industry targeting younger generations with young pop singers. The most famous of the young pop singers being Johnnie Ray, otherwise known as the "Prince of Wails," who became one of the biggest international pop stars. The companies gave him a public image and promoted his songs on TV and radio. Johnnie Ray paved the way for future rock n roll artists (he was apparently the link between the crooner era and the rock n roll era). His different modes of performance were wild and dynamic; during his performances, he would writhe, weep and fall to his knees.

With a combination of many R&B and Country songs came forth rock n roll. However, rock n roll has many common misconceptions. First of all, it was not a new style of music, it had already been around, but it was not called rock n roll because the music industry had not yet grasped it (remember, the music industry is what's responsible for taking words and turning them into nouns to be able to market it). Obviously, rock n roll is not the "beginning" of American pop music and the rock n roll era was not the first time that black and white styles were combined. During this era, however, many white performers were doing covers of black songs and toning them down to appeal to the predominant middle-class white audience. Songs such as "Shake, Rattle and Roll," "Sh-Boom," and "Mystery Train" were all first performed by black performers and later covered by white performers, however most people are not familiar with the original versions. Famous and notable performers of the rock n roll era are Chuck Berry, Little Richard, and "Fats" Domino, who came out of the R&B side, Elvis Presley and Bill Haley who came out of the country side and Buddy Holly who was a combination of both R&B and Country.

1960s
During the 1960s, teenagers were still a big target for the music industries. Phil Spector and Berry Gordy Jr. were two of the biggest and most well-known producers of the 60s. Phil Spector productions include the songs, "Be My Baby" performed by the Ronettes and "Uptown" performed by the Crystals. Phil Spector is more well-known than the artists themselves. Berry Gordy Jr. was the creator of Motown Records, a record company based in Detroit that helped to make R&B an extremely popular force in the music industry. In fact, most people today know the record label Motown more so than the actual artists themselves. Famous songs that came out of the Motown record label were "My Girl" performed by The Tempations, and "You Can't Hurry Love," performed by The Supremes.

The 60s was a time when the older people who had grown up listening to rock n roll wanted to re-name their style of music "rock" because it sounded more mature, and so it stuck. The Beach Boys were famous for their rock style known as the "California sound" or "surf music" which demonstrate the spirit and freedom of California. Some famous songs from the Beach Boys include "Good Vibrations" and "Surfing USA."

The British Invasion was another huge step in America's development of popular music. The Beatles, being the biggest and most influental British invasion band scored a number of hits in both the U.K. and the U.S especially after their appearence on the Ed Sullivan Show. Their diverse approach and ability to adopt current and trendy styles helped to propel their popularity even further. As the years went by, their music steadily progressed and became more mature. Their songs such as "Please Please Me," "A Hard Day's Night," "Yesterday," and "Eleanor Rigby" all sound very different from one another. There were other notable British Invasion bands during this time - those include: The Rolling Stones, the Who, the Kinks, and Eric Clapton's band Cream.

The 1960s saw the development of Soul Music, which derived from R&B and Gospel Music. The pioneer of soul music is Ray Charles, although James Brown did take it a step further, as he was known as the "Godfather of Soul." The biggest female soul artist was Aretha Franklin who performed the song "Respect," which was a cover of Otis Redding's version, but considered to be better. Soul music was the inspiration for later Funk and Disco music.

Urban Folk Music was a major impact in the 1960s. Songs originally performed by Bob Dylan were usually covered by other musicians, making Bob Dylan famous that way. One of his most famous songs, "Blowin' in the Wind" is more well-known through the Peter, Paul and Mary version, and another song, "Mr. Tambourine Man" is better known through the Byrd's version. A song that he was actually famous for was "Like a Rolling Stone," which is where the Rolling Stones and Rolling Stones Magazine took their name from. Other famous Urban Folk musicians were Simon and Garfunkel, who were an Urban Folk Rock duo.

Another huge thing in the 60s was the emergence of Psychedelic Rock and Acid Rock which were associated with the counterculture and hippies. Psychedelic Rock's and Acid Rock's major focuses were on political issues and freedom of expression, most notably the increased use of marijuana and LSD amongst the musicians and their audience. San Francisco was where most of the counterculture scene was taking place, in the Haight-Ashbury district. Famous musicians of this genre include, Jefferson Airplane, Janis Joplin, the Grateful Dead, and Jimi Hendrix. Even the Beatles contributed to the counterculture and made their own Psychedelic Rock albums, "Revolver", "Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Heart's Club Band", and "Magical Mystery Tour." Another important band not associated with Psychedelic rock, but more of a back to basics sort of band were Creedence Clearwater Revival. They emerged when Psychedelic Rock was big and surprisingly, scored many hits all throughout the 60s, topping the charts hit after hit.

1970s
The Seventies gave way to a genre known as disco, which is still popular to an extent today. The 70s was a huge step forward as far as musical technology was concerned, with more complex recording techniques, drum machines & synthesizer keyboards being introduced. A steady drum beat with wah-wah guitars and vocal harmonies all contributed to making disco popular. Examples of disco music were The Bee Gees & The Village People

ABBA also contributed to what we know as pop today. After winning Eurovision with "Waterloo" in the 70s, the Swedish quartet went on to release a flurry of pop hits and are considered as one of the more influential of pop bands.

Rock bands like the Who, Kansas, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Rush pulled the limits of huge, stadium rock. There songs could last over 10 minutes and include complex guitar solos.

The late 70's saw a desire to go back to a less complex song writing style that was full of energy, and teenage angst. Heavily influenced by Iggy Pop and the Stoogies, bands like The Ramones, Sex Pistols, and The Clash helped make punk rock a world wide sensation, and greatly influenced what would be called alternative music in the 1980's.

1980s
The 1980s gave birth to what many people would consider "bubblegum" pop with artists like Kylie Minogue. It was also the birth of electronica music (see Electronic music for more information.) The 80s also gave out a new style of music which was a marriage between electronic music & pop, called New Romantic. Bands like Duran Duran (the Duran Duran song "Outside" is responsible for the name "New Romantic"), Adam and the Ants, Spandau Ballet, & Japan wore androgynous clothing & make up and had a very slick & polished version of pop music to offer, often using keyboards & obscure sounding instruments.

1990s
These are highly produced bands which are carefully designed to appeal to a specific audience (usually pre-teenagers). Sometimes they are actually put together to a formula by music producers via auditions. The music was inoffensive and would range from simple, electronic drum beats with most of the melody & harmony in the vocals, to huge, orchestral ballads with passionate performances. Popular boy & girl bands include Westlife, Take That, The Spice Girls

2000s
Boy & girl bands are still popular to this day, with Pussycat Dolls & Sugababes still reaching dizzying heights in charts around the world. However, recently we've had the dawn of pop rock. Pop rock, a blend of Americanized punk rock & pop music was brought to the foray by British groups Busted & McFly. The music uses "power chords" (chords with the 3rd interval removed) commonly found in rock & metal music. Some of the pre-requistes to pop rock are Green Day & Blink 182.

title: Music Theory/Pop


text:
AVCE Information and Communication Technology

Course Structure
The AVCE is an advanced level vocational qualification aimed at students in the 17 - 19 age range. To be awarded an AVCE (Double Award) qualification in ICT, a student must complete a total of twelve modules, to include the six compulsory modules and any six optional modules.

Compulsory Modules

 * Presenting information
 * ICT serving organisations
 * Spreadsheet design
 * System installation & configuration
 * System analysis
 * Database design

Optional Modules

 * Programming
 * Communications & networks
 * Multimedia
 * Graphics
 * Computer-aided design & manufacture
 * The internet: systems & services
 * Managing & developing websites
 * Project management
 * Numerical modelling & simulations
 * The human-computer interface
 * ICT & business accounts
 * User support
 * Impact of computers on society & the environment
 * Animation, sound & video
 * Data logging, computer control & robtics
 * Programs: specification to product
 * Operating systems & systems architecture
 * Artificial intelligence & knowledge-based systems
 * Local area networking technologies
 * Wide area networking & routing technologies


text:
User:Pastbury

An experienced teacher of secondary school ICT and Computing.

title: User:Pastbury


text:
User talk:TheProject~enwikibooks

I see you have been transwiki'ing material from Wikipedia. Please bear in mind that Wikibooks is for textbooks - so material transwiki'ed in should either be a textbook or be a page that can be added to a textbook (eg a page of the Cookbook. We are very happy to accept such material, but where pages do not meet this criterion, please do not add them to Wikibooks or they will be deleted, Jguk 11:35, 26 May 2006 (UTC)
 * Well, I'm sending them to the Transwiki namespace. If they aren't suitable for Wikibooks, then I suppose they should just be replaced with a tag, no? Anyways, I'm not quite sure what the problem seems to be. Everything I'm sending in is generally either a recipe, a how-to/in-depth guide, or a code sample. TheProject 21:35, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Be a little more careful about transwikied pages than this seemingly callous attitude. As I warned on the movetowikibooks (on en.wikipedia) tag, if you do a transwiki to Wikibooks but it isn't appropriate here, you might as well have simply deleted it from Wikipedia.  Plus you get some admins mad at you for having to become the heavy and delete the content here.  Please make sure that the content at least seems to you like it would belong on Wikibooks.  Also.... please note in the edit history log where you are doing the transwiki from.  While assuming that it is from Wikipedia (en.wikipedia in particular) might be a fair assumption, it is not always correct and rather presumputuious.  Other wikis do transwiki content to Wikibooks, including the other Wikimedia sister projects.  --Rob Horning 20:47, 12 June 2006 (UTC)

 * In regards to the source project of the article, I'm already noting the source in the edit summary. I'm still a little lost as to whether or not how-to guides are accepted. TheProject 18:54, 14 June 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called TheProject. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name TheProject~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:47, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 05:35, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:TheProject~enwikibooks


text:
AppleScript Programming/Numbers and strings

Variables, Numbers, and Strings: In the last section, the "set" command was used to set a variable, in this case "theVariable" to the string "Support Wikibooks!". In this chapter, you will learn about variables, numbers, and strings.

Variables
Variables, if you are unfamiliar to programming or algebra, are words that represent some function. For example, in Algebra, the variable x in the equation x-5=1 must equal 6. Variables in AppleScript can be most single letters or any word that is not a command. However, since many normal words are commands in AppleScript, the easiest way to pick a sure-fire variable is to use CamelCase, or to have capitalization insideTheSentence likeThis. Variables are always set using the set command or copy command.

Numbers
Now let's use the three commands we know to write a simple number-based program. Try putting this into your Script Editor:

The result is a message box displaying the result (2).

Strings
Numbers are very useful for mathematical computations by nature. However, what if you want a script to tell you text? This is where strings come in. A string is a type of data stored by a variable that contains a simple line or lines of text.

By putting this in your Script Editor, you can say, you're working with String Variables:

The result is a message box displaying the result (Hello, User!).

Now put:

Now the user can define the variable.


text:
AVCE Information and Communication Technology/Presenting information

Contents

 * Styles of writing and use of language
 * Accuracy and readability
 * Styles of presentation
 * How organisations gather and present information
 * Standard ways of working


text:
A-level Physics/Cosmology/Relativity

Time Dilation
A thought experiment: Imagine two glass train carriages on parallel railway tracks, each with a mirror along their full length facing the other train. Each train has an observer on it. The trains are travelling in opposite directions at close to the speed of light. One observer sends a pulse of light at right angles to their direction of travel, towards the other train. This pulse of light is reflected between the two mirrors over and over again.

The first part of the diagram represents what the observer who sent the light sees - the light bouncing backwards and forwards in a straight line. The other observer, however, sees the light moving in a "zig-zag" pattern. This is because he is moving away from the light as it is being sent, so after each successive reflection the light has further to travel.

Another experiment for time dilation has been carried out with muons, extremely low mass particles which decay very quickly and virtually disappear. When these particles are accelerated (by particle accelerators), their lifetimes are significantly increased, suggesting that time has been slowed down.

Gravitational time dilation is a consequence of Albert Einstein's theories of relativity and related theories under which a clock at a different gravitational potential is found to tick at a different rate than one's own clock.

Gravitational time dilation was first described by Albert Einstein in 1907 as a consequence of special relativity in accelerated frames of reference. In general relativity, it is considered to be difference in the passage of proper time at different positions as described by a metric tensor of spacetime. The existence of gravitational time dilation was first confirmed directly by the Pound-Rebka experiment.

Definition
Background knowledge the reader may need to learn: What is a gravitational field? What is time dilation? What is spacetime? The reader may also research gravitational redshift or ordinary redshift.

Gravitational time dilation can be manifested by the presence of large mass, and the larger the mass, the greater the time dilation. In more simple terms, it is meant that observers far from massive bodies are distant observers with fast clocks, and observers close to massive bodies are time-dilated observers with slow clocks.

It can also be manifested by any other kind of accelerated reference frame such as a dragster or space shuttle. Spinning objects such as merry-go-rounds and ferris wheels are subjected to gravitation time dilation as an effect of their angular spin.

This is supported by General Relativity due to the equivalence principle that states all accelerated reference frames possess a gravitational field. According to General Relativity, inertial mass and gravitational mass are the same. Not all gravitational fields are "curved" or "spherical", some are flat as in the case of an accelerating dragster or space shuttle. Any kind of g-load contributes to gravitational time dilation.

 * In an accelerated box, the equation with respect to an arbitrary base observer is $$T_d = 1 - gh/c^2$$, where
 * $$T_d$$ is the total time dilation at a distant position,
 * $$g$$ is the acceleration of the box as measured by the base observer, and
 * $$h$$ is the "vertical" distance between the observers.
 * On a rotating disk when the base observer is located at the center of the disk and co-rotating with it (which makes their view of spacetime non-inertial), the equation is $$T_d = \sqrt{1 - r^2 \omega^2/c^2}$$, where
 * $$r$$ is the distance from the center of the disk (which is the location of the base observer), and
 * $$\omega$$ is the angular velocity of the disk.
 * (It is no accident that in an inertial frame of reference this becomes the familiar velocity time dilation $$\sqrt{1 - v^2/c^2}$$).

A common equation used to determine gravitational time dilation is using the Schwarzschild solution, which describes spacetime in the vicinity of a non-rotating massive object. The Schwarzschild solution for time dilation for a spherically-symmetric object is:

$$t_0 = t_f \sqrt{1 - \frac{2GM}{rc^2}} $$, where

 * $$t_0$$ is the proper time between events A and B for a slow-ticking observer within the gravitational field,
 * $$t_f$$ is the proper time between events A and B for a fast-ticking observer distant from the massive object (and therefore outside of the gravitational field),
 * $$G$$ is the gravitational constant,
 * $$M$$ is the mass of the object creating the gravitational field,
 * $$r$$ is the radial coordinate of the observer (which is analogous to the classical distance from the center of the object, but is actually a Schwarzschild coordinate), and
 * $$c$$ is the speed of light.

$$2GM/c^2$$ is the called the Schwarzschild Radius of M. If a mass collapses so that its surface lies at less than this radial coordinate (or in other words covers an area of less than $$16 \pi G^2 M^2 / c^4$$), then the object exists within a black hole.

Consequences
If a satellite drifting in deep space is sending out laser light at n cycles per second, and an Earth-based observer sees this signal to be blueshifted, with a higher frequency of n+1 cycles per second, then the only apparent way for this situation to be sustainable (with signals being registered faster on the receiving equipment than they are being sent by the transmitting equipment, indefinitely) is if the two sets of equipment are operating differently due to their different gravitational environments.

Important things to stress

 * According to General Relativity, gravitational time dilation is copresent with the existence of an accelerated reference frame.
 * The speed of light in a locale is always equal to c according to the observer who is there. The stationary observer's perspective corresponds to the local proper time.  Every infinitesimal region of space time may have its own proper time that corresponds to the gravitational time dilation there, where electromagnetic radiation and matter may be equally affected, since they are made of the same essence (as shown in many tests involving the famous equation $$E=mc^2$$).  Such regions are significant whether or not they are occupied by an observer.  A time delay is measured for signals that bend near the sun, headed towards Venus, and bounce back to earth along more or less a similar path.  There is no violation of the speed of light in this sense, as long as an observer is forced to observe only the photons which intercept the observing faculties and not the ones that go passing by in the depths of more (or even less) gravitational time dilation.
 * If a distant observer is able to track the light in a remote, distant locale which intercepts a time dilated observer nearer to a more massive body, (putting aside the fact that a photon cannot be observed without interception with the observer) he sees that both the distant light and that distant time dilated observer have a slower proper time clock than other light which is coming nearby him, which intercept him, at c, like all other light he really can observe. When the other, distant light intercepts the distant observer, it will come at c from the distant observer's perspective.

Experimental confirmation
Gravitational time dilation has been experimentally measured using atomic clocks on aeroplanes. The clocks that travelled aboard the aeroplanes upon return were slightly fast with respect to clocks on the ground. The effect is significant enough that the Global Positioning System needs to correct for its effect on clocks aboard artificial satellites, providing a further experimental confirmation of the effect.

Gravitational time dilation has also been confirmed by the Pound-Rebka experiment and by observations of the spectra of the white dwarf Sirius B.

title: A-level Physics/Cosmology/Relativity


text:
AVCE Information and Communication Technology/Programming

Contents

 * Program specification
 * Program design
 * Documentation
 * Testing programs
 * Standard ways of working


text: Template:Learning the vi Editor/Type

title: Template:Learning the vi Editor/Type


text:
Modern Greek/Lesson 04.2

= Lesson 4.2: First Conjugation Verbs =

In this lesson we'll learn about verbs that are classed as the "first conjugation". Verbs in this conjugation can be recognised because their accent falls before the final syllable. In the second conjugation the accent falls on the final syllable. Second conjugation verbs are covered in the next lesson.

The subject pronouns are usually omitted, because the form of the verb indicates the subject. This is common in many languages (Spanish and Italian too). The subject pronoun can be used for emphasis though [citation needed].

Verb Formation
Γράφω is an example of a verb belonging to the first conjugation. The verb ending changes depending on the number and person the verb refers to. The verb endings are appended to the stem. The present tense endings for first conjugation verbs are shown in the table.

There is no infinitive in modern Greek. For naming a verb, the first-person singular of the present tense is used as a generic term. For example, we refer to the verb γράφω, to write.

To summarize the conjugation of a verb, we write it in a table like this:

Common First Conjugation Verbs
The following verbs belong to the first conjugation:

Vocabulary:

Conjugations of some of these verbs:

Exercises
Now try the exercise found here.

title: Modern Greek/Lesson 04.2


text:
Modern Greek/LegacyLesson 5b

Dialogue 1
Greeting others

Mark: Γειά σας. Anna: Kαλημέρα. Mark: Τι κάνετε; Anna: Πολύ καλά και εσείς; Mark: Πολύ καλά.

Dialogue 2
Introducing yourself

Mark: Πως σε λέvε; Anna: Mε λέvε Άvvα.

Vocabulary
Vocabulary:

title: Modern Greek/LegacyLesson 5b


text:
Talk:Managing Groups and Teams/Glossary

Hi - This is a section of the book devoted to developing a vocabulary to talk about groups and teams in an educated manner. Feel free to contribute terms that you feel might be useful. The glossary should be in alphabetical order, to make it easier to use. Gerardo.ok 17:23, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Hi all - A couple more comments... Please check for duplication before you post items, but feel free to edit the ones that are already posted as well. Also, I was thinking we would try to keep it alphabetical. What do you think? Gerardo.ok 01:25, 10 June 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Managing Groups and Teams/Glossary


text:
Cookbook:Spinach Salad

| Side dishes

Dressing

 * ¾ cup (180 ml) olive oil
 * ¼ cup (60 ml) red wine vinegar
 * ¼ tsp pepper
 * ¼ tsp dry mustard
 * ½ tsp salt (optional)
 * 1 tbsp Worcestershire Sauce
 * 1½ tsp paprika
 * 2 tsp sugar

Salad

 * 1 lb spinach, patted dry of any liquid
 * 3 hard boiled eggs, chopped
 * 6 strips vegetarian bacon (or bacon bits)
 * 1 red onion, sliced

Procedure

 * 1) Combine all ingredients for the dressing. Mix well.
 * 2) Combine the spinach, eggs, and sliced onion in a large bowl.
 * 3) Pour the dressing on top of the salad, mix, and top with vegetarian bacon strips or bacon bits.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * When mixing the salad, the egg yolks will tend to crumble and disappear into the salad—this is normal.
 * Add the dressing and bacon bits at the last minute.
 * If you can't find Worcestershire sauce, you can use soy sauce in a pinch.

title: Cookbook:Spinach Salad


text:
AVCE Information and Communication Technology/Presenting information/Styles of writing and use of language

Writing Style
When creating a document of any type there are two important factors to take in to consideration when deciding what writing style to use:
 * Who the reader is
 * What the purpose of the document is

The Reader
You always need to consider your audience to help you understand what kind of language they are likely to understand and what writing style they might prefer. If you were writing for young children then you would need to use simple language, short sentences and plenty of graphics and colour. If you were writing for an older audience you would be able to use more complicated language and a more formal style.

Purpose
If you are writing a letter to apply for a job, then using formal language and complicated words are likely to impress. However, if you are writing a user-guide for a novice computer user on a piece of software it will just make the guide hard to understand and overly complicated.

Some examples of different types of document are:
 * Business letters
 * Informal letters
 * Reports
 * Legal Contracts
 * Invoices
 * Order Forms
 * Newsletters
 * Questionnaires
 * Advertisements

Each of these documents will have a different purpose which will make certain styles of writing more or less appropriate. As an example a legal contract will use very complicated language to ensure that there are no loop-holes and that everything is described in very minute detail, whereas a company newsletter will use informal language and be easy to read.


text:
File:Readbility-statistics.jpg

Summary
A screenshot displaying an example of the output from the readability statistics window in Microsoft Word

title: File:Readbility-statistics.jpg


text:
User:Just.blaze

just.blaze

i got a honey bun, no not a chick, i got a honey bun millions nxgga, i got a couple hunned them.

introduction
what's up? i'm jay, i'm twenty-two and live in texas. it's the greatest place in the world. i love my state. i am mainly here because of the 'wikiversity.' i really like the idea of it, and the resources it gives me to learn. i'm mostly interested in the school of foreign language. i work and go to school, though i am not taking anything this summer. i am currently an operations support specialist for the home depot, at our austin technology center. i would like to one day start my own company and become the american dream. hah, wouldn't we all? other then that i am your typical too-intelligent-for-his-own-good kind of guy.

about me - the recap

 * i'm twenty-two.
 * i live in texas.
 * i work.
 * i go to school.
 * i drive a scion tc.

my hobbies

 * driving fast
 * architecture
 * interior design (desgin in any format really)
 * cell phones (particularly my sidekick three.)
 * music (all kinds, but particularly rap, r&b, old school r&b, jazz, and nineties pop music.)
 * movies
 * investing
 * bacardi grand melon
 * linguistics

studies

 * tagalog
 * linguistics
 * business

title: User:Just.blaze


text:
User talk:Flatron~enwikibooks

Hello! Welcome to wikibooks. Wikibooks is designed for textbooks only, and therefore all material must be educational and non-fiction in nature. Also, all information must be verifiable, therefore original research is not allowed. There is no single standard for how a wikibook should be arranged, but there are a few guidelines:

 * 1) "What Is Wikibooks" is a good place to find out what we do here.
 * 2) "Naming Policy" describes how we prefer the books be named.
 * 3) "The Community Portal" Is a good resource of all types of information about wikibooks
 * 4) "Staff Lounge" is a good place to ask questions.

Also, I am a good resource as well, so don't hesitate to ask me any questions that you have. Good luck, and have fun! --Whiteknight (talk) (projects) 19:12, 26 May 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Flatron. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Flatron~enwikibooks that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:12, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 04:59, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Flatron~enwikibooks


text:
AVCE Information and Communication Technology/Programming/Program specification

A program specification is a break-down of what is required of a new program. Writing a specification is the first stage of any development process. A good specification will leave no room for doubt about exactly what is required from a program. It will be specific and allow a finish product to be compared to it to determine whether the project has been successful.

User Needs
All computer programs are created with an end-user in mind; the person who will eventually use the program being written on a regular basis. In order to write a specification for a new program a conversation with the end-user is required to determine:
 * What system, if any, is currently in-place.
 * What the program outputs will be.
 * What form the output needs to take.
 * What processing is required to generate the necessary output
 * What inputs are required.
 * Where those inputs are going to come from.
 * What user-actions are possible or desirable.

Writing a Specification
When writing a program specification you need to be able to accurately and precisely define:


text:
AVCE Information and Communication Technology/Presenting information/Accuracy and readability

Readability
If you are using Microsoft Word to write a document then you can make use of the readability statistics feature. When you opt to allow Word to check grammar then you also have the option to ask Word to display the readability statistics after completing each grammar check.

The Flesch Reading Ease score gives an indication of how easy a passage of text is to understand. The higher the number, the easier the passage is to understand. Some documents, such as contracts or other legal documents, are necessarily very complicated and will have a low reading score, but as a good rule-of-thumb a piece of text intended to be read by the general public should have a score in the high 50s or 60s.

The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level indicates the U.S. grade-school level at which the passage can be read and understood. a Flesh-Kinacaid Grade level of 8.0 means that a pupil in the eight grade (typically aged 13–14) should be able to understand it.

Drafts
When you have finished writing a document you will usually want to print a draft copy for proofreading and checking. Although not all printers support this function, many will offer the option to print in 'draft quality' mode. This will omit much of the formatting and pictures included in a document which will use less ink and will mean the document will print faster.

Spell Checking
Spell checking is a facility offered by most word processing packages. Although not-infallible, spell-checking will catch the majority of spelling mistakes in any documents you have created. It is important to remember however that proper nouns will, for the most part, not be recognized and highlighted as errors. It is also necessary to remember that if you use a word which is spelled correctly but has a meaning other than that which was intended then it won't be picked up as an error. For example; "I couldn't decide witch one to buy" would not be flagged as a mistake by a spell checker.

Grammar Checking
Grammar checking is a similar facility to the spell checker but rather than checking for correct spelling it checks for correct grammar. However, since the rules of grammar are, in most languages, rather complex it is not uncommon for a grammar checker to indicate that a sentence is not grammatically correct when in-fact it is perfectly acceptable.

Some advanced grammar checkers allow for a specific writing style to be selected by the user. This will allow the grammar checker to indicate phrases which, although grammatically correct, are not appropriate to the writing style you have selected.

Proofreading
Spell-checking and grammar-checking facilities, however advanced or intuitive the design, cannot guarantee that a document is free of errors. Therefore you should always ensure that you proofread your documents before finishing work. You can proofread them yourself; but it is recommended, especially for important documents, that you ask at least one other person to proofread them for you as well.

The process of proofreading involves ensuring that a document is free of errors and that the writing and presentation style are effective and fit-for-purpose. When you are proofreading a document which is still in electronic form then there are tools you can use to help you. Some word processing packages, such as Microsoft Word, allow you to add comments to a selection of text. Doing so will allow you to electronically annotate work to show corrections which are needed.

When proofreading it is often easier to proofread a printed draft copy. There is a standard notation which can be used when proofreading a hard-copy of a document:


text:
Cookbook talk:Flavor in Lean Breads

* (cur) (last) 13:31, 21 March 2006 Bestvnteas (Discussing how lean breads develop flavor from basic ingredients: wheat flour, water, yeast, and salt.)
 * (cur) (last) 22:36, 23 March 2006 Melchoir (Move to Wikibooks Cookbook) [rollback] [proxycheck]

title: Cookbook talk:Flavor in Lean Breads


text:
FPI Script/FPI Usage Examples

This module provides more detail on each clause in the FPI language with usage examples.

Conditions

 * The conditions test whether something is true. Each one of these conditions will return TRUE or FALSE. If it returns TRUE, then the next condition in the list of conditions separated by a comma is evaluated. If all conditions evaluate to true, then the actions are carried out.

STATE
-usage: STATE=X
 * tests whether the variable "STATE" is set to value X. Starting out with the default value of 0, "STATE" is used on every line of an fpi script to control the flow, for instance:

 * state=0:state=1

-this line checks if the STATE variable is 0. If it is, we change it to a value of 1
 * state=1;state=2

-this line tests whether the STATE variable is 1. If it is, we change it to 2
 * state=2:state=1

-when we get to state 2, we go back to state 1. This causes an endless loop that really does nothing. It's just for an example.

NEVER
-usage: NEVER
 * Is never true. Will never return true and cause anything in the ACTIONS list to be carried out.
 * Purpose??

ALWAYS
-usage: ALWAYS
 * Is always true. Whatever is in the ACTIONS list will be carried out if all other condition statements evaluate to true.
 * Purpose??

RANDOM
-usage: RANDOM=X
 * Creates a random number between 0 and X and evaluates to true if that random number equals 1. This is useful for creating fidgeting in your character entities, for instance. While they are just standing around, you can have them fidget randomly every once in a while, for instance:
 * :STATE=0,RANDOM=30:ANIMATE=6

-this line checks to see if the state is zero (if the entity has been recently initialized or had its STATE variable set to 0 by another script or by another line in this script. Then, it creates a random number from 0 to 30. If that random number is 1 (1/30 of the time), then the animation listed will run, which, in this case, is number 6, which shows the character re-loading his or her weapon.
 * Correct??

HEALTH
-usage: HEALTH=X
 * Returns true if the HEALTH value of the entity equals the number X.
 * :HEALTH=20:

HEALTHLESS
-usage: HEALTHLESS=X
 * Returns true if the HEALTH value of the entity is less than the number X.

QUANTITY
-usage: QUANTITY=X
 * Returns true if the quantity (OF WHAT??? Maybe number in level?) is equal to X.

SPEED
-usage: SPEED=X
 * Returns true if the speed of the entity equals the number X.

ASSOCIATED
-usage: ASSOCIATED=X
 * Returns true if the entity has been associated with the player. Used with lifts.
 * (And what can the X value be? ASSOCIATED=1 return true with it IS associated and ASSOCIATED=0 true when it isn't?)

PLRDISTWITHIN
-usage: PLRDISTWITHIN=X
 * Returns true if the player is within X units from the entity. The units are measured in (100 'units' is equal to one segment size)

PLRDISTFURTHER
-usage: PLRFURTHER=X
 * Returns true if the player is NOT within X units from the entity. The units are measured in (100 'units' is equal to one segment size)

PLRALIVE
-usage: PLRALIVE=X
 * If X is 1, returns true if the player is alive. If X is NOT 1, returns true if the player is dead.

PLRHIGHER
-usage: PLRHIGHER=X
 * Returns true if the player is X units higher than the entity.

PLRELEVWITHIN
-usage: PLRELEVWITHIN=X
 * Returns true when the player can be seen within X degrees vertical

PLRELEVFURTHER
-usage: PLRELEVFURTHER=X
 * Returns true when the player can NOT be seen within X degrees vertical

PLRCANBESEEN
-usage: PLRCANBESEEN
 * Returns true when the player can be seen.
 * NOTE: The player can be seen when he is within the view cone angle of the entities eyes (front position).

PLRCANNOTBESEEN
-usage: PLRCANNOTBESEEN
 * Returns true when the player can NOT be seen.
 * NOTE: The player can be seen when he is within the view cone angle of the entities eyes (front position).

PLRHASKEY
-usage: PLRHASKEY
 * Returns true when player has a key (entity) to un-lock another entity
 * such as, a door or a latch.

PLRUSINGACTION
-usage: PLRUSINGACTION=X
 * Returns true when the player performs the USE action.
 * (X should be either 1=true, or 0=false)

PLRWITHINZONE
-usage: PLRWITHINZONE
 * Returns true when player is within the trigger zone. Used only with trigger zones.

PLRINGUNSIGHT
-usage: PLRINGUNSIGHT=X
 * Returns true when the entity (if it is carrying a weapon) has the player in gun sights.

ANYWITHIN
-usage: ANYWITHIN=X
 * Returns true when ANY other entity is within X quarter tiles

ANYFURTHER
-usage: ANYFURTHER
 * Returns true when NO other entity is within X quarter tiles

ENTITYWITHINZONE
-usage: ENTITYWITHINZONE
 * Returns true when an entity is within a trigger zone.

SHOTDAMAGE
-usage: SHOTDAMAGE=X
 * Returns true when damage taken exceeds the value of X. This can be used, for instance, to throw and enemy back if he is shot by a very powerful weapon.

IFWEAPON
-usage: IFWEAPON=X
 * If X=1, returns true when the weapon being used by entity is ready. If X=0, Returns true when the weapon being used by the entity is NOT ready.

ACTIVATED
-usage: ACTIVATED=X
 * Returns true when the activation value of the entity equals X

(More info about activated???)

NEARACTIVATABLE
-usage: NEARACTIVATABLE=X
 * Returns true when the entity is being near activated.

(What does that mean???)

NEWWEAPONCANBESEEN
-usage: NEWWEAPONCANBESEEN=X
 * Returns true when entity can see a better weapon. (if X=1?)

NOISEHEARD
-usage: NOISEHEARD=X
 * Returns true when the entity hears a broadcase noise from scene.

(What is a broadcast noise? Is any SFX sound a broadcast noise?)

RAYCAST
-usage: RAYCAST = X Y
 * Returns true when the raycast hits something in front from X to Y units.

(uhh, what's a raycast?)

 * raycast is when a line in 3d space(a ray) is drawn from one location to another. In this instance, the coder could evaluate if a point in space is actually visible from the first location.

RAYCASTUP
-usage: RAYCASTUP=X
 * Returns true when the raycast hits something above from X to Y units.

RAYCASTBACK
-usage: RAYCASTBACK=X
 * Returns true when the raycast hits something back from X to Y units.

FRAMEATEND
-usage: FRAMEATEND=X
 * Returns true when animation labelled by X is at its end.

FRAMEATSTART
-usage: FRAMEATSTART=X
 * Returns true when animation labeled by X is at its beginning,

FRAMWITHIN
-usage: FRAMWITHIN=X Y
 * Returns true when animation labelled by X is within frame Y

FRAMEBEYOND
-usage: FRAMEBEYOND=X Y
 * Returns true when animation labelled by X is beyond frame Y

ANIMATIONOVER
-usage: ANIMATIONOVER=X
 * Returns true when animation labelled by X is complete.

ALPHAFADEEQUAL
-usage: ALPHAFADEEQUAL=X
 * Returns true when the alpha value = X

REACHTARGET
-usage: REACHTARGET=X
 * Returns true when the entity has reached it's target (if X=1?)

LOSETARGET
-usage: LOSETARGET=X
 * Returns true when the entity has got stuck after X attempts.

HEADANGLEGREATER
-usage: HEADANGLEGREATER=X
 * Returns true when the angle of the entity's head is greater than X

HEADANGLELESS
-usage: HEADANGLELESS=X
 * Returns true when the angle of the entity's head is less than X

WAYPOINTSTATE
-usage: WAYPOINTSTATE=X
 * Returns true when the waypoint value equals X
 * State 0 means the entity has not yet started following waypoints.
 * State 1 means the entity is looking for the nearest waypoint marker to start from.
 * State 2 means the entity is following a waypoint line to its current waypoint maker.
 * State 3 means the entity has reached the waypoint maker and it splits off in more than one other direction.
 * State 4 means the entity has reached the waypoint maker and it splits off in more than one other direction
 * State 5 means the entity has reached the very end of the current waypoint structure and requires a decision to be made.
 * A state of 999 means the eneity has been placed in zero-waypoint mode where the entity simply ignores waypoints.

IFMARKER
-usage: IFMARKER=X
 * Returns true when there is a marker previously dropped by entity in scene.

IFPLRTRAIL
-usage: IFPLRTRAIL=X
 * Returns true when there is a trail left by player in existence

TIMERGREATER
-usage: TIMERGREATER=X
 * Returns true when the internal FPI timer exceeds X in milliseconds

ESCAPEKEYPRESSED
-usage: ESCAPEKEYPRESSED=X
 * Returns true when the escape key has been pressed.

NONE
-usage: NONE
 * No action

DESTROY
-usage: DESTROY
 * destroy entity

SUSPEND
-usage: SUSPEND
 * disable the entity permanently, and keep it visible. This is used for leaving corpses or one-way switches. You could also use it to permanently open a door.

RUNFPIDEFAULT
-usage: RUNFPIDEFAULT=X
 * Run the default FPI script. If X=0, the fpi script listed under "init" in the entity's properties is run. If X=1, the "main" fpi script is run, and if X=2, the "destroy" fpi script is run.

RUNFPI
-usage: RUNFPI=X
 * run another fpi script by name. For instance:
 * : STATE=1:RUNFPI=runaway.fpi

MOVEUP
-usage: MOVEUP=X
 * Moves the entity up by X units.

MOVEFORE
-usage: MOVEFORE=X
 * Moves the entity forward by X units.

MOVEBACK
-usage: MOVEBACK=X
 * Moves the entity back by X units.

FREEZE
-usage: FREEZE=X
 * stop entity from moving.

X being the number of milliseconds.

ROTATEY
-usage: ROTATEY=X
 * Rotates the entity on its "Y" axis TO X degrees

ROTATEIY
-usage: ROTATEIY=X
 * Rotates the entity on its "Y" axis BY X degrees

ROTATEY
-usage: ROTATEY=X
 * Rotates the entity on it's "Y" axis by X units

SETTARGET
-usage: SETTARGET
 * Sets the internal target for the entity. Follows "target" conditions.

title: FPI Script/FPI Usage Examples


text:
Talk:FPI Script/FPI Usage Examples

* (cur) (last) 19:25, 24 March 2006 Fuhghettaboutit m (labled--->labeled (labelled in UK) (x6)) * (cur) (last) 08:55, 21 March 2006 Sinistar99 m (Added a link to finite state machine) * (cur) (last) 13:02, 24 February 2006 Ian Pitchford (AWB assisted clean up) * (cur) (last) 14:20, 6 February 2006 66.6.192.154 (→RAYCAST) * (cur) (last) 21:35, 4 February 2006 Kelly Martin (AWB assisted wheter -> whether, and other cleanup) * (cur) (last) 05:17, 24 January 2006 Melaen * (cur) (last) 11:53, 17 January 2006 Melaen * (cur) (last) 15:30, 3 December 2005 Eagle 101 (Fixed about 100(I lost count) titles in this article. Please help out by clicking here to fix someone else's Wiki syntax.) * (cur) (last) 22:38, 30 November 2005 Radak m (→FRAMEATSTART - it's -> its) * (cur) (last) 22:38, 30 November 2005 Radak m (→FRAMEATEND - it's -> its) * (cur) (last) 09:34, 23 November 2005 80.212.110.253 (→PLRUSINGACTION) * (cur) (last) 10:25, 23 August 2005 Pearle m (Changing to ) * (cur) (last) 21:12, 20 July 2005 24.62.175.176 (→FPI SCRIPTING LANGUAGE) * (cur) (last) 21:11, 20 July 2005 24.62.175.176 (→FPI SCRIPTING LANGUAGE) * (cur) (last) 19:32, 20 July 2005 24.62.175.176 (→FPI SCRIPTING LANGUAGE) * (cur) (last) 05:16, 20 July 2005 24.62.175.176 (→FPI SCRIPTING LANGUAGE) * (cur) (last) 21:12, 19 July 2005 Gazpacho (req cleanup, cleanup-context) * (cur) (last) 20:56, 19 July 2005 24.62.175.176 (starting page)
 * (cur) (last) 14:01, 21 April 2006 Scarlet Lioness m (→SUSPEND) [rollback] [proxycheck]

title: Talk:FPI Script/FPI Usage Examples


text:
Animal Care/Freshwater aquarium fish

FRESHWATER AQUARIUM FISH: A GUIDE TO KEEPING THEM

Freshwater fish are one of the most popular of all tank-suitable fish. They are fairly easy to keep, and are great for beginners. Freshwater fish divide into two sections - coldwater and tropical. In this article we shall be looking just at one section - freshwater fish. If you are looking up marine fish, then try Marine Aquaria.

Before you rush out to buy a fish tank, you must consider several things...

 * 1) You have an area in your home to put the tank. Don't put it near windows, it can get too much algae growth, don't put it near doors or areas of heat, as the temperature can be too variable.
 * 2) That you have thought about all equipment and medicines to buy, etc.
 * 3) That you have enough electrical outlets near the place you have chosen to locate the tank.
 * 4) That you have read up on the subject.

So let's get started... we'll begin with a guide to the equipment needed. And the most important thing you'll need will be a filter.

Filters
There are several forms of filter: an internal filter, an external filter, and an undergravel filter.

The undergravel filter was popular in the 80's, but now is rarely used because it does not filter powerfully enough, and is difficult to maintain. However, some fishkeepers like to use it in conjunction with other filters.

The internal filter is the most popular type: It is usually a small box with foam cartridges in it. The water is sucked in through the grills, gets filtered through the foam, and exits from the nozzle at the top. These are fairly easy to maintain, and many have extra features such as metres indicating when cleaning is due, venturi valves (to let oxygen into the water), and carbon or polyester filter pads. These filters are tough and durable: They should last you a long time.

Finally, the external filter: these are usually very expensive (£50-£150), but are by far the best to get, especially if you have lots of fish and plants, and are much easier to clean and maintain.

Heater
Once you have chosen a filter, you can decide which heater to buy. If you are getting coldwater fish such as goldfish, you will not need one, but these are a must for any tropical tank. They help keep the water at the right temperature for your fish-too cold and your fish might die, too hot and there won't be enough oxygen in the water for them to breathe.

Tank
Once you've chosen your heater, think about a tank. Make sure the heater and filter are the right size for your tank: if you want a large or small aquarium you may need to change the size of your equipment. Get some gravel, some ornaments, maybe a few plants, and anything else which your local shop might recommend. Don't forget to buy a test kit, to monitor the health of the water, and some water treatment: you don't want your fish being killed by untreated tap water.

Preparing the Tank
When you get home, rinse the gravel in a bucket to remove any dirt and gently pour it into your tank. Fill the tank up about halfway with water. Put the plants and ornaments in at this stage.

Next, fill the aquarium up the rest of the way. When you have filled up to the level stated by the manufacturer, add your filter and heater. Follow the instructions in their boxes to make sure you don't do anything wrong.

Finally, when all this is complete, add in your water treatment. This will remove any dangerous chemicals from your tap water which may stress or kill the fish. Some places have water that is not typical and before simply following the istructions on the water treatment container, get advice on the correct rate for your area.

Adding Fish
Just when you're thinking "Phew! After all that I can finally add the fish!" , stop yourself. DO NOT ADD ANY FISH YET! You have to leave your tank running for two weeks (Or a few days if you use a product such as Bactozyme or Cycle) to let the good bacteria in your filter mature to a safe level. After this time, test your water using the test kit you should have bought earlier. When your water parameters are OK, you can add your first fish. Build up your stock slowly, week by week, so your filter doesn't have too much to cope with in the early stages. It is a good idea to start with a few hardy fish like Danios or White cloud mountain minnows, so they don't put too much strain on your filter.

I hope this article helps!

Don't forget, if you have any concerns ask at your local pet shop.

title: Animal Care/Freshwater aquarium fish


text:
Talk:Animal Care/Freshwater aquarium fish

* (cur) (last) 10:36, 11 April 2006 RHaworth (move to Wikibooks reinstated) * (cur) (last) 06:23, 11 April 2006 Jack W-H * (cur) (last) 11:31, 10 April 2006 RHaworth * (cur) (last) 06:06, 10 April 2006 Jack W-H * (cur) (last) 06:05, 10 April 2006 Jack W-H * (cur) (last) 06:04, 10 April 2006 Jack W-H * (cur) (last) 06:03, 10 April 2006 Jack W-H
 * (cur) (last) 06:18, 13 April 2006 82.27.226.224 [rollback] [proxycheck]

"Marine aquarium"
Has this article also been transwikied? SB_Johnny | talk 15:47, 6 August 2006 (UTC)

Question
Is this an actual book or an article? I am not trying to add offense, but what book would this be? If it is a textbook, exclusively for wikibooks I, being a fishkeeper, would expand greatly upon it. I hate to brag, but I would be able to add quite a bit to it. Jourdy288 (talk) 22:00, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

 * This is intended to be a chapter in the Animal Care book. If you can add to it, we very much would like for you to. Thanks for the offer, and I look forward to reading your contributions. --Jomegat (talk) 22:03, 17 December 2007 (UTC)


text:
AppleScript Programming/Aliases and paths

Paths can appear in the following format in AppleScript which is a carryover from Classic Mac OS. This type of path name is called HFS which is short for "Hierarchical File System".

::...::

For example, the following is an example an HFS path name Macintosh HD:Applications:Safari.app

HFS paths are different than the current OS X standard, called POSIX paths. The POSIX style comes from OS X's Unix heritage. Notice that in HFS path names, a colon ":", is used as a separator, and in POSIX path names, a forward slash "/" is used as a separator. The other major difference is that in HFS path names, the path name begins with the name of the volume and in POSIX path names, the startup volume doesn't need to be named, only other volumes need to be named.

Because of the history of OS X with both a Classic Mac OS history and a Unix history both HFS paths and POSIX paths are still useful and in AppleScript you sometimes have to convert from one standard to the other, depending upon which kind of path name is needed.

The following example of a POSIX path specifies the application Safari.app which is contained by the Applications folder on the start up disk.

/Applications/Safari.app

Converting between formats
Assuming oldPath would be an alias or record of a finder item, use the following command to set a standard Applescript alias to a POSIX path:

To convert a POSIX path to a standard Applescript alias (the inverse of the above command), use this command:


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Unicode/Character reference

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Algorithm Implementation

The purpose of this wikibook is to show how common algorithms are written in various programming languages, providing code implementations and explanation.

The plan for this book is initially to collect code from some Wikipedia articles. Then the code can be expanded upon, perfected, and heavily commented to provide insight into how it works.

Contents

 * /Index/
 * /Checksums/
 * /Date and time/
 * /Filesystem/
 * /Geometry/
 * /Graphs/
 * /Hashing/
 * /Linear Algebra/
 * /Mathematics/
 * /Miscellaneous/
 * /Optimization/
 * /Pseudorandom Numbers/
 * /Search/
 * /Simulation/
 * /Sorting/
 * /String searching/
 * /Strings/
 * /Statistics/
 * /Trees/

title: Algorithm Implementation


text:
Cookbook:Friar's Omelette

| Cuisine of the United Kingdom | Omelet Recipes

Friar's Omelette is a traditional Scottish recipe for eggs and apples. However, apple can be substituted by other fruit such as rhubarb, plum (with stones removed), or blackberry.

Ingredients

 * 6 medium cooking apples
 * 4 ounces (125 g / 1 stick) butter plus butter for greasing a baking dish
 * 2 ounces (50 g / 4 tablespoons) white sugar
 * 1 ounce (25 g / 1 rounded tablespoon) white sugar for decoration
 * 2 eggs, well beaten
 * 4 ounces (125 g / 1 cup) breadcrumbs
 * ¼ pint (150 ml) water
 * Squeeze of lemon juice

Procedure

 * 1) Peel and core the apples, slice them, and place in a saucepan with the water.
 * 2) Cook until soft (similar to applesauce), then remove from heat and add butter, sugar and lemon juice; mix well.
 * 3) While this is cooling, beat the eggs very well. When the apple mixture is cool, mix in the eggs as well.
 * 4) Butter a deep baking dish and spread the breadcrumbs around it so that they stick to the bottom and the sides, keeping a good amount for the top.
 * 5) Pour the apple and egg mixture into the dish and cover with a thick layer of breadcrumbs.
 * 6) Bake in a moderate oven (350°F / 180°C / Gas Mark 4) for about half an hour.
 * 7) Turn out onto a flat dish and sprinkle with sugar before serving.

title: Cookbook:Friar's Omelette


text:
Cookbook talk:Friar's Omelette

* (cur) (last) 03:18, 6 May 2006 MatthewH * (cur) (last) 02:40, 6 May 2006 MatthewH
 * (cur) (last) 21:12, 7 May 2006 Can't sleep, clown will eat me (Move to Wikibooks Cookbook) [rollback] [proxycheck]

title: Cookbook talk:Friar's Omelette


text:
School Science/Frog dissection

Frog dissection is a procedure used in undergraduate courses in zoology and high school biology classes. The procedure familiarizes a student with basic chordate anatomy.

In the Philippines, Bufo marinus, or the common toad, is used. Dissection is the cutting of a dead animal, and is the more common method. However, vivisection, or the cutting of live animals, is still used as a means of instruction (and research). Pithing is a procedure which attempts to sever the spinal cord from the brain using a scalpel, scissors, or probe/needle. Furthermore, it has been invasive in plantation areas in the Philippines. According to Jocson, frog dissection is one of the introductory science laboratory practices in the Philippines.

Skinning the frog or toad

 * 1) Pin the hands and legs on the wax-covered dissecting pan.
 * 2) Pinch the frog's skin at the anal or cloacal region, making sure that it is detached from the muscles, If not, rub it gently, so that the connective tissues may loosen with the skin.
 * 3) Cut a small hole there (in the anal or cloacal region) and cut forward, following an imaginary line called the linea alba.
 * 4) As soon as you reach the chin, you can now stop cutting.

title: School Science/Frog dissection


text:
Talk:School Science/Frog dissection

Wikipedia page history
* (cur) (last) 12:04, 11 May 2006 Can't sleep, clown will eat me m (Reverted edits by 66.4.54.100 (talk) to last version by 69.148.234.84) [rollback] [proxycheck] * (cur) (last) 06:15, 11 May 2006 66.4.54.100 * (cur) (last) 18:54, 9 May 2006 69.148.234.84 * (cur) (last) 12:38, 3 May 2006 68.100.45.148 (→Skinning the frog or toad) * (cur) (last) 09:40, 30 March 2006 144.92.123.73 * (cur) (last) 09:38, 30 March 2006 144.92.123.73 * (cur) (last) 09:38, 30 March 2006 144.92.123.73 * (cur) (last) 15:40, 20 March 2006 Alba m (cleaned) * (cur) (last) 15:38, 20 March 2006 Alba (→De-muscularizing the frog and Dissecting - format) * (cur) (last) 15:35, 20 March 2006 Alba m (→Skinning the frog or toad - numbered list) * (cur) (last) 08:10, 3 March 2006 Arpingstone (Edits for style, and some irrelevant stuff removed) * (cur) (last) 21:20, 27 February 2006 Kappa (de-prod, ) * (cur) (last) 20:08, 23 February 2006 Gimme a reason to keep this (delete: Wikipedia is not an instruction manual. Tips to impress professors don't belong here. No incoming wikilinks and no expansion since December 2004.) * (cur) (last) 09:43, 5 February 2006 Interiot (rm vandalism) * (cur) (last) 01:31, 1 February 2006 61.9.117.111 (→Packing up) * (cur) (last) 18:28, 23 January 2006 172.152.40.217 * (cur) (last) 12:33, 23 January 2006 216.54.48.106 (→Packing up) * (cur) (last) 12:31, 23 January 2006 216.54.48.106 (→Skining the frog or toad) * (cur) (last) 13:19, 18 January 2006 165.106.213.129 (removed reference to the fat bodies being more prominent in a "lactating or pregnant frog/toad." No such thing: frogs and toads are amphibians, and do not produce milk, nor do they give live birth.) * (cur) (last) 09:58, 28 October 2005 24.60.94.33 (→Packing up) * (cur) (last) 09:57, 28 October 2005 24.60.94.33 (→Packing up) * (cur) (last) 19:27, 23 August 2005 Pearle m (Changing to ) * (cur) (last) 19:35, 27 April 2005 Linuxbeak (Added cleanup tag) * (cur) (last) 05:17, 20 December 2004 Matthewprc

title: Talk:School Science/Frog dissection


text:
Transwiki:Front door method

Defined: Programming: the act of forcing users to enter a website through one main portal or file, and preventing any access to other files in folders on any given site. This method does not prevent deep linking.

In PHP, for example, simply have a main file that initializes your script: index.php for example can use a switch to direct traffic: <?php //index.php define("IN_HOME",1); switch($_REQUEST['page']){ case 'article': require('article.php'); break; default: break; } Then in article php: <?php if(!defined("IN_HOME")) die('Front door only please.'); // article code here

If the user clicks: http://mypage.com/index.php?page=article&article_id=777

...they can view the article.

If they try to simply go right to the article page: http://mypage.com/article.php?article_id=777

They get the error: Front door only please.

title: Transwiki:Front door method


text:
Algorithm Implementation/Sorting

Before we get into the gritty details of various sorting algorithms, let me point out: We usually don't build an automobile engine from scratch. Instead, we usually use an off-the-shelf automobile engine already built into the automobile we are using. Likewise, we usually don't write yet another sort function. Instead, we usually use an off-the-shelf sort function already supplied with the API we are using.

 * /Binary Tree Sort/
 * /Bogosort/
 * /Bubble sort/
 * /Bucket sort/
 * Check sort
 * /Cocktail sort/
 * /Comb sort/
 * /Counting sort/
 * /Gnome sort/
 * /Heapsort/
 * /Insertion sort/
 * /Introsort/
 * /Library sort/
 * /Merge sort/
 * /Patience sort/
 * /Pigeonhole sort/
 * /Quicksort/
 * /Radix sort/
 * Rapid sort
 * /Schwartzian transform/
 * /Selection sort/
 * /Shell sort/
 * /Smoothsort/
 * /Some proofs/

title: Algorithm Implementation/Sorting


text: User talk:Pcu123456789

title: User talk:Pcu123456789


text:
Transwiki talk:Front door method

* (cur) (last) 10:18, 6 March 2006 Melaen * (cur) (last) 14:38, 15 January 2006 Bluemoose (AWB assisted clean up + tagging) * (cur) (last) 11:40, 10 June 2005 24.226.59.100 * (cur) (last) 11:36, 10 June 2005 24.226.59.100 (PHP: Front Door Method)
 * (cur) (last) 00:55, 3 April 2006 Kjkolb (removed wikify tag until move issue is settled) [rollback] [proxycheck]

title: Transwiki talk:Front door method