text:
Horticulture/Spodoptera exigua

The beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua) is one of the most well-known agricultural pest insects. It is also known as the asparagus fern caterpillar, and the adult moth is known in the UK (where it is an immigrant and not known to breed) as the small mottled willow. It is native to Asia, but has been introduced worldwide and is now found almost anywhere its many host crops are grown.

The wide host range of the beet armyworm includes ../asparagus/, ../bean/s and ../pea/s, sugar and table ../beet/s, ../celery/, ../cole crops/, ../lettuce/, ../potato/, tomato, cotton, cereals, oilseeds, tobacco, many flowers, and a multitude of weed species. The beet armyworm does not tolerate cold. It can overwinter in warm areas, such as Florida and Hawaii, but in colder areas it dies off during the winter and the region is reinvaded by the adult moth as the weather warms and crop plants sprout.

Description
The caterpillars are greenish-brown cutworms, soft and bulging caterpillars with dark longitudinal stripes. The adult is a drab brown or gray moth 2 to 3 cm in wingspan.

Symptoms and Signs
The larvae feed on the foliage of plants, and can completely defoliate small ones. Smaller larvae devour the parenchyma of leaves, so that all that remains is the thin epidermis and veins. Larger larvae tend to burrow holes through thick areas of plants. For example, they will burrow straight into a head of lettuce rather than neatly removing tissue from one particular leaf. This renders the produce unmarketable. They attack buds and new growth on plants, preventing flowers from opening, new leaves from sprouting, and vegetables from developing. As the smaller larvae move about they leave strands of silk behind, netting the leaves with a silvery film.

Ecology
Overwinters only in warm climates, but migrates during the growing season.

Host genera

 * ../Allium/ (Onions)
 * ../Amaranthus/
 * ../Apium/ (Celery)
 * ../Arachis/ (Peanut)
 * ../Asparagus/
 * ../Beta/ (Beet)
 * ../Brassica/ (Coles)
 * ../Capsicum/ (Pepper)
 * ../Carthamus/ (Safflower)
 * ../Chenopodium/
 * ../Cicer/ (Chickpea)
 * ../Chrysanthemum/
 * ../Daucus/ (Carrot)
 * ../Dendranthema/ (Chrysanthemum)
 * ../Glycine/ (Soya)
 * ../Gossypium/ (Cotton)
 * ../Ipomoea/ (Morning Glory, Sweet Potato)
 * ../Lactuca/ (Lettuce)
 * ../Lycopersicon/ (Tomato)
 * ../Parthenium/
 * ../Phaseolus/ (Bean)
 * ../Portulaca/
 * ../Medicago/ (Medic, Alfalfa)
 * ../Nicotiana/ (Tobacco)
 * ../Pisum/ (Peas)
 * ../Rosa/
 * ../Salsola/
 * ../Solanum/ (Nightshades)
 * ../Sorghum/
 * ../Spinacia/ (Spinach)
 * ../Tidestromia/
 * ../Verbascum/
 * ../Vigna/ (Cowpea)
 * ../Zea/ (Maize)

title: Horticulture/Spodoptera exigua


text:
Adventist Youth Honors Answer Book/Arts and Crafts/Music

| /Honors with Divisional Variants

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Algorithms/Find maximum/Java findMax method 4

private int findMin(final int[] i_intaryTab) { if ( i_intaryTab.length ==1 ) return i_intaryTab[0]; int p_intMin = i_intaryTab[0]; for (int p_intI = 1; p_intI < i_intaryTab.length; p_intI++) if ( p_intMin > i_intaryTab[p_intI] ) p_intMin = i_intaryTab[p_intI]; return p_intMin; } // end method public int findMax(final int[] i_intaryTab) { for ( int p_intI = 0; p_intI < i_intaryTab.length; p_intI++) i_intaryTab[p_intI] = i_intaryTab[p_intI] * -1; int o_result = findMin(i_intaryTab); return o_result * -1; } // end method


text:
Algorithms/Find maximum/java script method 4

 function findMin(intA) { if ( intA.length == 0 ) return 0; if ( intA.length == 1 ) return 1; var o_intMin = intA[0]; for (var p_intI = 1; p_intI < intA.length; p_intI += 1) { if ( intA[p_intI] < o_intMin ) { o_intMin = intA[p_intI]; } // end if      } // end loop return o_intMin; } // end method function findMax(intA) { for ( var i_intI = 0; i_intI < intA.length;i_intI += 1 ) intA[i_intI] = intA[i_intI] * -1; var o_intMax = findMin(intA); o_intMax = o_intMax * -1; return o_intMax; } // end method document.write('Hello'); var cc = new Array(1,2,3,4); document.write(findMax(cc));


text:
Algorithms/Find maximum/jscript 4

 function findMin(intA) { if ( intA.length == 0 ) return 0; if ( intA.length == 1 ) return 1; var o_intMin = intA[0]; for (var p_intI = 1; p_intI < intA.length; p_intI += 1) { if ( intA[p_intI] < o_intMin ) { o_intMin = intA[p_intI]; } // end if   } // end loop return o_intMin; } // end method function findMax(intA) { for ( var i_intI = 0; i_intI < intA.length;i_intI += 1 ) intA[i_intI] = intA[i_intI] * -1; var o_intMax = findMin(intA); o_intMax = o_intMax * -1; return o_intMax; } // end method var cc = new Array(1,2,3,4); document.write(findMax(cc));

title: Algorithms/Find maximum/jscript 4


text:
Algorithms/Find maximum/vb script method 4

 function findMin(aa) Dim o_intMin o_intMin = aa(0) for each p_intJ in aa          if p_intJ < o_intMin then o_intMin = p_intJ end if       next findMin = o_intMin end function function findMax(aa) Dim p_intI p_intI = 0 for each x in aa          aa(p_intI) = x * -1 p_intI = p_intI + 1 next findMax = findMin(aa) * -1 end function Dim cc(4) cc(0) = 1 cc(1) = 2 cc(2) = 6 cc(3) = 4 cc(4) = 1 document.write(findMax(cc))


text:
Horticulture/Popillia japonica

The Japanese beetle is a scarab beetle which is present throughout much of North America as an invasive species. It can be a devastating pest of both crops and gardens, especially as they tend to occur in large numbers.

As the name suggests, the beetle is native to Japan, where it is a relatively minor pest due to the presence of natural predators. The insect was first found in the United States in 1916 in a nursery near Riverton, New Jersey. It is thought that beetle larvae entered the United States in a shipment of Iris bulbs prior to 1912 when inspections of agricultural commodities entering the country began.

Life cycle
The larvae live in the soil, where they feed on roots, particularly those of turfgrasses. Adults emerge in early summer, feeding on flowers and leaves. Eggs are laid in late summer, and larvae begin feeding, burrowing deep to overwinter.

Description
The Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica) is a beetle about 1.5 cm (0.6 inches) long and 1 cm (0.4 inches) wide, with shiny copper-colored elytra and a shiny green top of the thorax and head. It is not very destructive in Japan, where it is controlled by natural enemies, but in America it is a serious pest to rose bushes, grapes, crape myrtles, and other plants. It is a weak flyer and drops several centimeters when it hits a wall.

Japanese beetles have a curious, identifying defense; they lift their hind legs up in the air, even when simply approached. These hind legs are spiny, and the behavior is probably intended to ward off predators.

Symptoms and Signs
Adults skeletonize leaves and flower petals, leaving only the veins behind. Heavy infestations can completely denude even large trees.

Larvae eat the roots of grasses, causing dead patches in lawns as the tops die off.

Ecology
The life cycle of the beetle is typically 1 year in most parts of the United States, but this can be extended in cooler climates; for instance, in its native Japan, the beetle's life cycle is 2 years long as a result of the higher latitudes of the grasslands required for the larval stage.

Host plants

 * ../Abelmoschus/
 * ../Acer/
 * ../Aesculus/
 * ../Alcea/
 * ../Asparagus/
 * ../Aster/
 * ../Betula/ (Birch trees)
 * ../Buddleia/
 * ../Calluna/
 * ../Canna/
 * ../Capsicum/ (Pepper)
 * ../Chaenomoles/
 * ../Cirsium/
 * ../Cosmos/
 * ../Dahlia/
 * ../Daucus/
 * ../Dendranthema/
 * ../Digitalis/
 * ../Dolichos/
 * ../Fragaria/ (Strawberry)
 * ../Hemerocallis/
 * ../Heuchera/
 * ../Hibiscus/
 * ../Hydrangea/
 * ../Ilex/
 * ../Iris/
 * ../Lagerstroemia/
 * ../Ligustrum/
 * ../Malus/
 * ../Malva/
 * ../Myrica/
 * ../Oenothera/
 * ../Parthenocissus/
 * ../Phaeseolus/
 * ../Phlox/
 * ../Physocarpus/
 * ../Platanus/
 * ../Polygonum/
 * ../Prunus/
 * ../Pyrus/
 * ../Quercus/
 * ../Rheum/
 * ../Rhododendron/
 * ../Rosa/
 * ../Rubus/
 * ../Salix/
 * ../Sambucus/
 * ../Sassafras/
 * ../Solanum/ (Tomato, Eggplant, Potato, etc.)
 * ../Syringa/
 * ../Tilia/ (Linden, lime, or basswood trees)
 * ../Toxicodendron/
 * ../Ulmus/
 * ../Vaccinium/
 * ../Viburnum/
 * ../Vitis/
 * ../Weigelia/
 * ../Wisteria/
 * ../Zea/
 * ../Zinnia/

Control
During the larval stage, the Japanese beetle lives in lawns and other grasslands, where it eats the roots of grasses. During that stage, it is susceptible to a fatal disease called milky spore disease, caused by a bacterium called milky spore, ../Bacillus popilliae/. The USDA developed this biological control and it is commercially available in powder form for application to lawn areas. Standard applications (low density across a broad area) take from 1 to 5 years to establish maximal protection against larval survival (depending on climate), expanding through the soil through repeated rounds of infection, in-host multiplication, release from killed host, and infection. Typically proper application can lead to a 15-20 year period of protection.

Soil-bound larvae are also susceptible to certain members of the nematode families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. As with milky spore, commercial preparations of these nematode varieties are available.

The primary natural predator found in Japan is the winsome fly (Istocheta (or Hyperecteina) aldrichi), a parasitic fly. Attempts at establishing this predator in the United States have met with limited success, primarily in New England. Alternative predators have shown some potential at serving as biological controls, such as the Spring tiphia (Tiphia vernalis) and Fall tiphia (Tiphia popilliavora) from China and Korea. Also, certain birds (such as the meadowlark and cardinal) and small mammals are significant predators on the adult form.

On field crops such as eggplant, floating row covers can be used to exclude the beetles, however this may necessitate hand pollination of flowers. Kaolin sprays can also be used as barriers.

Research performed by many US extension service branches has shown that pheromone traps may attract more beetles than they catch, and so they have fallen out of favor. Natural repellents include catnip, chives, garlic, and tansy, as well as the remains of dead beetles.

Research links

 * extensive list on hosts, government of Canada

title: Horticulture/Popillia japonica


text:
User:Shushruth

User page on en wiki.

title: User:Shushruth


text:
User:Terrylau

hello terry lau

title: User:Terrylau


text:
User talk:Terrylau

hello sam

dear terry
terry

title: User talk:Terrylau


text:
Ossicle/General

Anesthesia

 * Local Anesthesia
 * CNS Response usually biphasic - stimulation then depression.
 * Cardiovascular effects are usually depression.
 * Cocaine: (esther) 3mg/kg toxicity or 200mg. Causes htn, immediate onset with duration 45min
 * Lidocaine: (amide) 4mg/kg s epi, 7mg/kg with epi toxicity. CNS depression then arrhythmia
 * Epinephrine: max 10cc of 1:100,000 over 10mins with halothane
 * Most common complication of V3 block is cheek hematoma.

Halothane: sensitizes myocardium to catecholamines (epi). Caution.

Ecothiopates: (for glaucoma), are cholinesterase inhibitiors. Don't use succinylcholine.

 * Malignant Hyperthermia
 * Triggers: succinylcholine, halthone, ethrane, forane
 * 1:50k adults, 1:15k kid
 * Signs: increased CO2, HR, RR, temperature, muscle rigidity
 * Pathophysiology: incr Ca++ release from sarcoplasm w/ incr excitation-contraction coupling
 * Rx: dantrolene, procainamide, O2, insulin, glucose, lasix, bicarbonate

title: Ossicle/General


text:
The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/85

=Text & Translation=

=Connotations of the Text=

In this, one of Catullus's most famous and emotional poems, he talks about the contrasting feelings of love that are tormenting him.

Line 1

 * odi et amo - I hate and I love

This reveals the stark contrast in his relationship. The emphatic position of odi makes it stand out to the reader.

Line 2

 * excrucior - i am tortured; tormented

This has various meanings and we can see the English derivative of it - excruciating. In fact the word is derived from the Latin crux meaning cross, and ex which means from, out of. Literally it means a cross out of and came to mean crucify - the idea of pulling a person into the shape of a cross for torture.

 * fieri - it is done to me

This is the passive of the verb to do. This means done to me and presents the idea of the loss of control in his life, and more importantly the relationship.

=Vocabulary=

Line 1

 * odi, odisse, osus sum - dislike intensely; hate

 * requiro, -ere, requisi(v)i, requisitum - ask; enquire after

Line 2

 * fio, fieri, factus sum - (pass. of facio) to be made; become; happen

 * '''excrucio, -are, -avi, -atum - torture; distress; crucify

=External Links=

Catullus 85 A Translation of Catullus 85

Catullus 85 Another Translation of Catullus 85


text:
Ossicle/Larynx

Larynx and Trachea
Granular Cell Myoblastoma: neurogenic origin, mailes, posterior aspect of TVC's and arytenoids, small, sessile, gray lesion.

Pseudoepithelial Hyperplasia: TB, syphilis, granular cell myoblastoma, blastomycosis, papillary keratosis, pachyderma laryngitis, post-XRT

Cricoarytenoid Joint Arthritis: Usually 2' to rheumatoid arthritis

Subglottic Stenosis: Laser has poor prognosis if circumfrential wound or craniocaudal dimension > 1cm

Laryngeal Trauma: Airway 1st (trach). CT good for visualizing injury. Repair mucosa, wire cartilage fragments.

Spasmodic Dysphonia: strained choked vocal attacks, glottic stammering, hoarseness, decreased volume; Rx: SLP, Botox, RLN section (hi recurrence rate)

Interarytenoid mm: only m. with bilateral innervation, cord adductor

Posterior Cricoarytenoid is the best abductor

title: Ossicle/Larynx


text:
Ossicle/Oncology

THYROID DISEASE
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma produces calcitoninAmyloid and leukocytic infiltrate on path Associated with RET-protooncogene and MEN IIa and IIb   Thyroid Binding Globulin Increases with estrogens, BCP's, pregnanacyDecreases with androgens High TBG = High T4, Low T3RU (T3RU inversely proportional to # unoccupied T3 binding sites) High T3RU with hyperthyroidism, alternate ligands - salicylate, clofibrate Low T3RU with hypothyroidism, increased TBG

T1 + T1 => T2, PLUS ADD'L T2 => T4 => T3 + T1

T4 => T3 blocked in periphery by propylthiouracil
Tyr => Iodotyrosine blocked by thiouracil
T3 much more active than T4, half life 30h
T4 less active, half life 7 days
Serum T4 = Bound + Free (free T4 is active)

Hypothyroidism - Low T4, Low T3RU Hyperthyroidism - High T4, High T3RU Grave's Ophthalmopathy - decompress orbits into ethmoids and maxillary sinus

Thyroiditis

Acute Suppurative - (rare), hi WBC, nl ESR; Staph, Strep, Pneumococcus
Subacute (DeQuervan's) - (common), Decr T3RU, High T3 & T4; Rx steroids, ASA
Fibrous (Reidel's) - (rare), Rx debulking, steroids, cyclophosphamide
Chronic Lymphocytic (Hashimoto's) - (common), α-microsomal and α-TBG antibodies; Rx: thyroxine
Chronic non-suppurative - (rare)

title: Ossicle/Oncology


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Audit Trail

The ability to trace back from a number on a financial statement to the original transactions that were involved in creating the number.

title: ERP Internals/Glossary/Audit Trail


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Batch

General Ledger transactions are commonly entered in a group called a batch which has some controls to ensure that the transactions were correctly entered.

title: ERP Internals/Glossary/Batch


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Adjustment

Most modules have two or three major transactions that account for the large majority of the transactions. Adjustmens refer to the transactions that occur when things do not go as expected (e.g. goods are returned or damaged in shipment).

title: ERP Internals/Glossary/Adjustment


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/Debit Card

A plastic card the size of a credit card. When a debit card is used, the amount of the transaction is deducted from the owner's bank account immediately.

title: ERP Internals/Glossary/Debit Card


text:
The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/51

=Text and Translation=

Metre - Sapphic Strophe

=Connotations Of The Text=

Line 2

 * si fas est - if it is right to say

This is referring to the Gods, and trying to avoid blasphemy because Catullus is indicating that the man in the poem is better than a god.

Line 3

 * identidem - again and again

This conveys the poet's jealousy of the man being able to see and hear Lesbia over and over again.

 * sedens - sitting

This shows just how much Catullus needs Lesbia to please him. Just sitting with her is enough to make him happy, rather than requiring closer contact.

Line 4

 * spectat et audit - seeing and hearing

The two verbs are emphasised by their postions in the short line. The use of the two main senses, seeing and hearing indicates his wish to see and hear Lesbia.

Line 12

 * gemina nocte - twin night

This is an original way of saying that he cannot see. I.E. blindness brought on by Lesbia's stunning beauty.

=Extra Notes=

Line 7

 * vocis in ore - of my voice remains in my mouth

This line is a reconstructed line based on the metre, the original Sappho from which the poem is from and the sense of the last line. The language and grammar also fits. The person who suggested this was a German translator Döring.

Lines 13-16

 * This is thought to be part of another poem as there is clearly a break in the sense. However, the ancient monk who was copying this, may have copied the beginning of another poem on to the end of this one, resulting in the confusion.

=Vocabulary=

Line 1

 * par, paris (adj.) - equal; like

 * mi=mihi - me

Line 2

 * fas, n. - divine law; allowable; lawful

Line 6

 * eripio, eripere, eripui, ereptum - tear away; pull away

 * sensus, -us, m. - sense; feeling; perception

Line 7

 * aspicio, aspicere, aspexi - catch sight of; look at

 * supersum, -esse, -fui - remain still

Line 9

 * torpeo, torpere - to be numb; inactive

 * tenuis, -e (adj.) - slender; slim; fine

Line 10

 * demano, -are, -avi - flow down; descend

Line 11

 * tintino, tintinare - ring; humm; jingle; tingle; buzz

 * auris, auris, f. - ear; sense of hearing

 * tego, tegere, texi, tectum - cover; hide; conceal

Line 14

 * exsulto, -are, -avi, -atum - jump up; exult; boast

 * gestio, gestire, gestivi, gestitum - use excited gestures; be joyful

Line 15

 * prius (adv.) - in former times; formerly; before

=External Links=

Catullus 51 Catullus 51

Catullus 51 Another Translation of Catullus 51


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Bond Manager/Reports

Bond Manager generates the following reports:
 * Checks
 * Bondholder Transactions
 * Trial Balance
 * Labels

Bond Manager/Reports


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Contacts/Reports

Contacts generates the following reports:
 * Labels

Contacts/Reports

title: ERP Internals/Modules/Contacts/Reports


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Human Resources/Reports

Human Resources generates the following reports:
 * Review Required
 * Vacation
 * Sick Time
 * Labels

Human Resources/Reports


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Share Manager/Reports

Share Manager generates the following reports:
 * Checks
 * Labels

Share Manager/Reports


text: Category:Cocktails with creme de menthe

title: Category:Cocktails with creme de menthe


text:
ERP Internals/Glossary/User Defined Field

Most records contains additional fields in which the enterprise can store information specific to them. In addition to the actual data in the records, there is a parameter that holds the name of the UDF.


text:
Materials in Electronics/Wave-Particle Duality

Electrons, although classically considered to be particles, can be shown to behave like waves as well. This is extremely important as it allows a whole new approach to analysing the behaviour of electrons. The so-called two-slit experiment demonstrates the wave-like properties of the electron:

 * The Two-Slit Experiment

Once we have seen that electrons can behave like waves, we can begin to derive their properties:

 * Electrons as Wave

 * Schrödinger's Equation

 * Implications of Wave-Particle Duality


text:
Materials in Electronics/Wave-Particle Duality/The Two-Slit Experiment

The two-slit experiment is an extremely important experiment as it demonstrates electrons behaving as waves, rather than as classical particles (like bullets or stones). It also reveals a very important property of the "unknowable" behaviour of quantum particles.

We will start off by looking at the two slit experiment for an ideal wave. There is no "quantum wierdness" in this description - it is a classical wave superposition problem, and has been observed for light since about 1800, when Thomas Young performed the experiment.

Once you have seen how light behaves, move on to electron diffraction.


text:
The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/45

=Text and Translation=

=Connotations of The Text=

Line 1

 * Acme - prime; flower; zenith

This implies that Acme is the best a man can get. The usage of the Greek word 'Akmen' which means top or best of serves only as flattery. Acme is probably most famous in the cartoon, Wylie Coyote, as Acme is the provider of his useless weapons. The name is directly from the Greek, and used, in this case for a comic effect.

Line 22

 * Syrias Britanniasque - Syrians and Britains

This could refer to the great campaigns of Crassus and Caesar in Syria and Britain respectively. Thousands of young men would sign up for the army for the chance of riches, in the form of plunder and even slaves that could be kept or sold. The invasions were of Britain in 55 and 54 BC and the campaigns of Crassus were in Syria in 80 BC. The context of the poem is indicating that Septimius is giving up a great opportunity to be with Acme.

=Vocabulary=

Line 1

 * Acmen (Greek Acc. of Acme) - prime; fower; zenith

Line 2

 * gremium, -ii, n. - lap; bosom

Line 3

 * ni=nīsi - unless; if not

 * perdīte (adv.) - desperately; excessively

 * porrō (adv.) - further; onwards

Line 4

 * assidue (adv.) - continually; constantly

Line 6

 * tostus (p.p.p. of torreo) - parch; roast; bake; scorch; burn

Line 7

 * caesius, -a, -um - green-eyed

 * obvius, -a, -um - to meet with; come into contact with

Line 9

 * sternuo, -ere, ui - to sneeze

 * approbatio, -onis, f. - approval

Line 10

 * leviter - lightly; slightly; a little

 * reflectō, -xi, -xum - to bend; turn back

Line 11

 * ebrius, -a, -um - intoxicated; drunk

 * ocellus, -i, m. (dim.) - a little eye

Line 12

 * purpureus, -a, -um, - purple; rosy

 * os, oris, n. - mouth

 * suavior, -ari, -atus sum - to kiss

Line 13

 * usque - continuously; constantly

Line 14

 * servio, -ire, -ii, -itum - to be a servant/slave to

Line 15

 * acer, acris, acre - fierce; keen

Line 16

 * mollīs, -is, -e - soft; tender; mild

 * medulla, -ae, f. - marrow (of bones)

Line 19

 * auspicium, -i, n. - omen; sign; divination of birds; appearance of an animal's entrails

 * proficiscor - set out

Line 20

 * mutuus, -a, -um reciprocal; mutual

Line 21

 * misellus (dim. of miser) - love-sick little...

Line 24

 * libido, libidinis, f. - pleasure; desire; passion; longing

Line 26

 * auspicātus, -a, -um - favourable


text:
Modern Media Hebrew Corpus/Nominal Phrase/Nominal-Subject+Nominal-Predicate

Positive
Excerpt 1 קרב איוו ג'ימה היה קרב בין ארצות הברית ליפן במהלך המערכה באוקיינוס השקט. The battle of Ivo Jima was a battle between the USA and Japan during the combat in the Pacific ocean.

איריס ז'ורלט\טוקיו ynet, February 9, 2007

Excerpt 2 בתחומי החשמל והאלקטרוניקה הבידורית, "התעלמות" של היבואנים בארץ מהודעות על תקלות שמפרסמות היצרניות בחו"ל היא נפוצה מאוד. In the areas of electricity and entertainment electronics, it is very common for local importers to "ignore" reports on malfunctions advertised abroad by the manufacturers.

סליחה, טעינו\אסף מרגלית, רונית מורגנשטרן ונורית קדוש nrg, February 9, 2007

Excerpt 3 אלא שאהבתם של הגייז ללואיס חוצה גבולות. Except that the gays' love to Lewis knows no boundaries.

גיי שלופן\ערן סויסה nrg, February 8, 2007

Excerpt 4 היא היתה מורתם של מיטב הרקדנים ואנשי המחול בישראל בהם נירה פז, עידו תדמור, נעמי פרלוב ויאיר ורדי. She was the teacher of the best of dancers and dance milieu in Israel, like Nira Paz, Ido Tadmor, Naomi Perlov and Yair Vardi.

הרקדנית והכוריאוגרפית ז'נט אורדמן מתה בגיל 73\ציפי שוחט haaretz, February 9, 2007

Negative
Excerpt 1 פיצרוי אינו עוד מקום או עוד שמורת טבע. Pitzroy is no longer a place or a preservation.

סרו פיצרוי: התרוממות רוח\גילי חסקין ynet, February 8, 2007

Excerpt 2 ר' לא לבד. R. is not alone.

הילדים השקופים\גיל חורב nrg, February 10, 2007

Excerpt 3 עשרת הדברות אינן ישימות. The ten commandments are inapplicable.

תראו מי שמדברת!\עתליה וולך nrg, February 8, 2007

Excerpt 4 זאת אינה תמונה מופרזת. This is not an exaggerated picture.

קרב תפוס ככל יכולתך\גדעון סאמט haaretz, printed edition, February 9, 2007


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Wikijunior:Bugs

Wikijunior Bugs
This Wikijunior book is on the topic of 'Bugs' with the target audience being those who are 8-12 years old. The project will cover many bugs that children may know, or that may be particularly interesting to them. There will be a main introduction, and then a sub introduction for each group of bugs (e.g. insects...) and there will also be a glossary. The project may also include other general interest articles about bugs as a group. If you would like more information about contributing, please see here. If you would like to have formal credit for being an author, please add your name to the authors list.

{| align="left" width="100%" | width="50%" bgcolor="#eeffee" style="border:1px solid #99ff99;padding:1em;padding-top:0.5em;" valign="top" |

Articles
| width="50%" bgcolor="#eeffee" style="border:1px solid #99ff99;padding:1em;padding-top:0.5em;" valign="top" |
 * /Crazy Bug Facts/
 * /Insects Intro/
 * /Ant/
 * /Aphid/
 * /Beetle/
 * /Bee/
 * /Black Fly/
 * /Caterpillar/Butterfly/
 * /Cockroach/
 * /Crane Fly/
 * /Cricket/
 * /Cicada/
 * /Diving Beetle/
 * /Dragonfly/
 * /Damselfly/
 * /Dragonfly & Damselfly/
 * /Firefly/
 * /Fly/
 * /Flea/
 * /Fruit Fly/
 * /Grasshopper/
 * /Ladybug/
 * /Locust/
 * /Louse/
 * /Mayfly/
 * /Mosquito/
 * /Monarch butterfly/
 * /Moth/
 * /Pondskater/Water Strider/
 * /Praying Mantis/
 * /Predaceous Diving Beetle/
 * /Shield Bug/
 * /Stinkbug/
 * /Walking Stick/
 * /Arachnids Intro/
 * /Black Widow/
 * /Harvestman (Daddy Longlegs)/
 * /Pseudoscorpion/
 * /Tarantula/
 * /Mexican Red-Kneed Tarantula/
 * /Mite/
 * /Scorpion/
 * /Australian burrowing scorpion/
 * /Spider/
 * /Ant-Mimicking Spider/
 * /Brown Recluse/
 * /Crab Spider/
 * /Funnel-Web Spider/
 * /Jumping Spider/
 * /Orb Weaver/
 * /Trap-door Spider/
 * /Wolf Spider/
 * /Tick/
 * /Other Intro/
 * /Earthworm/
 * /Centipede/
 * /Millipede/
 * Woodlouse, Pill Bug or Armadillo Bug
 * Reference
 * /Glossary/

Toolbox
Contributing Page

Authors List

Development Stage Indicators:
 * Sparse Text
 * Developing Text
 * Maturing Text
 * Developed Text
 * Comprehensive

Other wiki sites (Useful for reference and gathering information)

 * }

nl:Wikijunior:Kriebelbeestjes bn:Wikijunior:কীটপতঙ্গ

title: Wikijunior:Bugs


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Cookbook:Layered Pecan Pie

| American cuisine | Southern U.S. cuisine | Vegetarian Cuisine | Holiday Recipes | Pies | Dessert

Filling

 * 1 package (8 ounces) cream cheese
 * ⅓ cup white granulated sugar
 * ¼ teaspoon salt
 * 1 egg
 * 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
 * 1 ea. 9-inch unbaked pie shell, or single homemade pie crust
 * 1¼ cups chopped pecans

Topping

 * 3 eggs
 * 1 cup light corn syrup
 * ¼ cup white granulated sugar
 * 1 teaspoon vanilla extract

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat oven to 375°F.
 * 2) Combine the cream cheese, sugar, and salt; beat until smooth.
 * 3) Add egg and vanilla, beating well after each.
 * 4) Spoon mixture into unbaked pie shell. Sprinkle with pecans.
 * 5) Combine 3 eggs, corn syrup, remaining sugar, and vanilla; beat well.
 * 6) Pour this mixture over pecans.
 * 7) Bake for 35–40 minutes or until set.

title: Cookbook:Layered Pecan Pie


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Modern Media Hebrew Corpus/Nominal Phrase/Nominal-Subject+Copula+Infinitive

Excerpt 1 מטרת הניסוי היתה לבחון את ההתמודדות של המערכת בהשמדת טיל אויב. The purpose of the experiment was to test how the system handles destroying enemy missiles

Complete Sentence: על פי מקורות ביטחוניים, מטרת הניסוי היתה לבחון את ההתמודדות של המערכת בהשמדת טיל אויב. According to source in the defence system, the purpose of the experiment was to test how the system handles destroying enemy missiles.

ניסוי לילי ראשון במערכת החץ הוכתר בהצלחה\חנן גרינברג ynet, February 11, 2007


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ERP Internals/Modules/Accounts Payable/Reports/Aged Detail

This report displays all the transactions for a single supplier. At the top, it lists the supplier name and number. Thereafter, there is one line for each invoice, check or adjustment. Each line contains the following fields:
 * Invoice Number
 * Date
 * Original Amount
 * Due Date
 * Last Check Number
 * Last Check Date
 * Last Check Amount
 * Outstanding Amount

Unless there has been an error, the total Outstanding Amount should equal the Total Owed on the Supplier Summary report.

Accounts Payable/Reports/Detail


text:
User talk:75.37.66.138

Cookbook:New Mexico Pork Tamales
Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. Webaware talk 22:36, 11 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:75.37.66.138


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/Bank Reconciliation/Reports

Bank Reconciliation produces the following reports:
 * Summary
 * Detail

Bank Reconciliation/Reports


text:
Cookbook:Tofu Bacon (Vegan)

| Vegan cuisine

Tofu bacon is easy to make and can be used interchangeably with bacon in most recipes. Great with breakfast or in a B.L.T.

Ingredients

 * 1 block extra-firm tofu
 * 3 Tbsp vegetable oil
 * 3 Tbsp soy sauce or tamari
 * 3 Tbsp nutritional yeast flakes
 * Liquid smoke (optional)

Procedure

 * 1) Slice the tofu into thin strips like traditional bacon.
 * 2) Fry strips in a pan on medium heat, turning once, until crispy and golden brown on each side.
 * 3) Add soy sauce and one to two drops of liquid smoke, and toss with the tofu bacon slices.
 * 4) Coat with nutritional yeast, and remove from heat.

title: Cookbook:Tofu Bacon (Vegan)


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ERP Internals/Modules/Accounts Payable/Reports/Supplier List

This reports contains one line for every supplier. Each line has the following fields:
 * Supplier Number
 * Name
 * Type
 * City

Accounts Payable/Reports/Supplier List


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ERP Internals/Modules/Accounts Payable/Reports/Checks

This report contains one check for each supplier that is receiving payment. Each check pays all or part of one or more invoices. Each check consists of two parts: the negotiable portion and the remittance advice. The negotiable portion includes the supplier's name, the amount of the check and the date as well as information identifying the bank and account on which the check is drawn. The supplier presents it to their bank to begin the process of transferring funds from the enterprise's account to theirs. The remittance advice lists every invoice that is being paid along with the amount that is being paid. The supplier keeps this portion of the check for their records.

Accounts Payable/Reports/Checks


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ERP Internals/Modules/Accounts Payable/Reports/1099

If the enterprise has paid sub-contractors, they are required by the US government to submit a form for each contractor. This form can be submitted on paper or electronically.

Accounts Payable/Reports/1099


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ERP Internals/Modules/Accounts Payable/Reports/Labels

This report contains one label for each supplier that was selected (see the Print Labels function). Each label contains:
 * Name
 * Address 1
 * Address 2
 * City
 * State/Province
 * City
 * Country
 * Zip/Postal Code

Labels can be printed in a variety of formats corresponding to commercial, preformatted labels.

Accounts Payable/Reports/Labels


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Cookbook:Apricot Wine

| American cuisine | Vegetarian Cuisine | Holiday Recipes | Beverages

Ingredients

 * 1 pound dried apricots
 * 4 quarts warm water
 * 6½ cups white granulated sugar
 * 2¼ cups brown sugar
 * 1½ cups raisins
 * 1 tablespoon ginger
 * 2 lemons, sliced thin
 * 2 oranges
 * ½ yeast cake

Procedure

 * 1) Wash the apricots in several changes of water, then dry and cut in halves.
 * 2) Place apricots in a large crock, and pour on the warm water. Reserve ½ cup of water, and dissolve the yeast cake into it.
 * 3) Stir in the sugars, fruit, raisins, and ginger.
 * 4) Add the dissolved yeast and mix well.
 * 5) Cover with the top of the crock and let stand.
 * 6) Stir every other day.
 * 7) After thirty days, strain the mixture and bottle it.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * Be sure to check with national, regional, and municipal laws, to produce wine lawfully!
 * Please drink alcoholic beverages responsibly, and have someone sober drive you, if you need to travel after imbibing.
 * To jump start the yeast, dissolve in water with a pinch of the sugar the night before starting, and let stand covered with cloth or a paper towel in a warm place, like the top of the refrigerator.
 * An actual wine yeast from a wine making store or supplier would also improve outcome.
 * Extreme cleanliness will prevent spoiling due to bacteria or wild yeast.
 * For best fermentation, keep in a temperature you are comfortable in. Too cool and it ferments slower, too warm and it will ferment bitter, too hot and the yeast will die. They are alive, you know!

title: Cookbook:Apricot Wine


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/General Ledger/Reports/Trial Balance

This report contains one line for every General Ledger account. Each line contains the following fields:
 * General Ledger Account Number
 * Description
 * Starting Balance
 * Total Debits
 * Total Credits
 * Closing Balance

General Ledger/Reports/Trial Balance


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/General Ledger/Reports/Account Activity

This report lists all the transactions for a specified account for a specified date range. At the beginning, it lists the General Ledger Account Number and description. Thereafter, each line corresponds to a transaction. Each line contains the following fields:
 * Date
 * Source
 * Reference
 * Batch Number
 * Debit Amount
 * Credit Amount

General Ledger/Reports/Account Activity


text:
ERP Internals/Modules/General Ledger/Reports/Journal

This report lists all the transactions for a given date range. Each line contains the following fields:
 * General Ledger Account Number
 * Date
 * Source
 * Reference
 * Batch Number
 * Debit Amount
 * Credit Amount

General Ledger/Reports/Journal


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Cookbook:Raspberry Vinegar

| American cuisine | Vegetarian Cuisine

Ingredients

 * 4 pounds raspberries
 * 2 cups vinegar
 * Sugar

Procedure

 * 1) Mash the berries and add the vinegar and let stand for 4 days.
 * 2) To each cup of liquid, add 1 cup of sugar.
 * 3) Bring to a boil and cook for 20 minutes.
 * 4) Strain and bottle.

title: Cookbook:Raspberry Vinegar


text: User:Willscrlt/WikiProjects

title: User:Willscrlt/WikiProjects


text:
Talk:Nature/Basic statements

A few comments/corrections/clarifications:

2. I would suggest that the listing is an outdated view. Instead, it should be 1) Dark Energy, 2) Gravity, 3) Electroweak, and 4) Strong Nuclear. The electroweak is the unification of the weak and electromagnectic forces. Comments submitted by Ted Fisher (sorry, I'm not logged in right now).

4. The latest estimates put the universe at 13.7 +-.1 billion years.

10. I see absolutely no reason to assume that medicine will not advance to the point where we no longer die from old age or most diseases. Also, life can survive the extinction of the sun by travelling to other stars and by adapting to other energy sources.

Dgiroux 18:13, 4 August 2007 (UTC) The 10 Basic Statements page in it's entirety is a waste of time and should be deleted altogether. It suggests that there is some sort of concensus among scientists about what are the most important discoveries above all other discoveries, and "what we know" and there is no such concensus. You might as well list the categories of studies. Get rid of this topic. It's preposterous. You don't need to decide "what we know" to discuss the philosophy of science. It's a method of viewing the world, not a specific set of facts about that world.

11. Do we not know how to spell "matter" on the image?

title: Talk:Nature/Basic statements


text:
Neurology and Neurosurgery/Ischemic Stroke

Ischemic Stroke occurs when blood flow is blocked to a portion of the brain, resulting in the death (ischemia) of neurons in the brain. A blood clot can interfere with blood flow in the brain, by cutting off blood flow beyond a certain point and result in ischemia of brain tissue dependent upon the blood flow that is downstream from the occluding clot.


title: Template:Userbox-2


text: Template:Userbox-r

title: Template:Userbox-r


text:
This Quantum World/Appendix/Relativity/Composition theorem and proper time

Composition of velocities
In fact, there are only three physically distinct possibilities. (If $$K\neq0,$$ the magnitude of $$K$$ depends on the choice of units, and this tells us something about us rather than anything about the physical world.)

The possibility $$K=0$$ yields the Galilean transformations of Newtonian ("non-relativistic") mechanics:

t'=t,\quad \mathbf{r}'=\mathbf{r}-\mathbf{w} t,\quad u=v+w,\quad ds=dt.$$

(The common practice of calling theories with this transformation law "non-relativistic" is inappropriate, inasmuch as they too satisfy the principle of relativity.) In the remainder of this section we assume that $$K\neq0.$$

Suppose that object $$C$$ moves with speed $$v$$ relative to object $$B,$$ and that this moves with speed $$w$$ relative to object $$A.$$ If $$B$$ and $$C$$ move in the same direction, what is the speed $$u$$ of $$C$$ relative to $$A$$? In the previous section we found that

 * $$a(u)=a(v)\,a(w)-{1-a^2(v)\over a(v)\,v}a(w)\,w,$$

and that

 * $$K={1-a^2(v)\over a^2(v)\,v^2}.$$

This allows us to write

a(u)=a(v)\,a(w)-{1-a^2(v)\over a^2(v)\,v^2}a(v)\,v\,a(w)\,w= a(v)\,a(w)(1-Kvw).$$

Expressing $$a$$ in terms of $$K$$ and the respective velocities, we obtain

{1\over\sqrt{1+Ku^2}}={1-Kvw\over \sqrt{1+Kv^2}\sqrt{1+Kw^2}},$$

which implies that

1+Ku^2={(1+Kv^2)(1+Kw^2)\over(1-Kvw)^2}.$$

We massage this into

Ku^2={(1+Kv^2)(1+Kw^2)-(1-Kvw)^2\over(1-Kvw)^2}={K(v+w)^2\over(1-Kvw)^2},$$

divide by $$K,$$ and end up with:

u={v+w\over1-Kvw}.$$

Thus, unless $$K=0,$$ we don't get the speed of $$C$$ relative to $$A$$ by simply adding the speed of $$C$$ relative to $$B$$ to the speed of $$B$$ relative to $$A$$.

Proper time
Consider an infinitesimal segment $$d\mathcal{C}$$ of a spacetime path $$\mathcal{C}.$$ In $$\mathcal{F}_1$$ it has the components $$(dt,dx,dy,dz),$$ in $$\mathcal{F}_2$$ it has the components $$(dt',dx',dy',dz').$$ Using the Lorentz transformation in its general form,

t'={t+Kwx\over\sqrt{1+Kw^2}},\quad x'={x-wt\over\sqrt{1+Kw^2}},\quad y'=y,\quad z'=z,$$

it is readily shown that

(dt')^2+K\,d\mathbf{r}'\cdot d\mathbf{r}'=dt^2+K\,d\mathbf{r}\cdot d\mathbf{r}.$$

We conclude that the expression

ds^2=dt^2+K\,d\mathbf{r}\cdot d\mathbf{r}=dt^2+K(dx^2+dy^2+dz^2)$$

is invariant under this transformation. It is also invariant under rotations of the spatial axes (why?) and translations of the spacetime coordinate origin. This makes $$ds$$ a 4-scalar.

What is the physical significance of $$ds$$?

A clock that travels along $$d\mathcal{C}$$ is at rest in any frame in which $$d\mathcal{C}$$ lacks spatial components. In such a frame, $$ds^2=dt^2.$$ Hence $$ds$$ is the time it takes to travel along $$d\mathcal{C}$$ as measured by a clock that travels along $$d\mathcal{C}.$$ $$ds$$ is the proper time (or proper duration) of $$d\mathcal{C}.$$ The proper time (or proper duration) of a finite spacetime path $$\mathcal{C},$$ accordingly, is

\int_\mathcal{C} ds=\int_\mathcal{C}\sqrt{dt^2+K\,d\mathbf{r}\cdot d\mathbf{r}}=\int_\mathcal{C} dt\sqrt{1+Kv^2}.$$

An invariant speed
If $$K<0,$$ then there is a universal constant $$c\equiv1/\sqrt{-K}$$ with the dimension of a velocity, and we can cast $$u=v+w/(1-Kvw)$$ into the form

u={v+w\over1+vw/c^2}.$$

If we plug in $$v=w=c/2,$$ then instead of the Galilean $$u=v+w=c,$$ we have $$u={4\over5}c<c.$$ More intriguingly, if object $$O$$ moves with speed $$c$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}_2,$$ and if $$\mathcal{F}_2$$ moves with speed $$w$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}_1,$$ then $$O$$ moves with the same speed $$c$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}_1$$: $$(w+c)/(1+wc/c^2)=c.$$ The speed of light $$c$$ thus is an invariant speed: whatever travels with it in one inertial frame, travels with the same speed in every inertial frame.

Starting from

ds^2=(dt')^2-d\mathbf{r}'\cdot d\mathbf{r}'/c^2=dt^2-d\mathbf{r}\cdot d\mathbf{r}/c^2,$$

we arrive at the same conclusion: if $$O$$ travels with $$c$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}_1,$$ then it travels the distance $$dr=c\,dt$$ in the time $$dt.$$ Therefore $$ds^2=dt^2-dr^2/c^2=0.$$ But then $$(dt')^2-(dr')^2/c^2=0,$$ and this implies $$dr'=c\,dt'.$$ It follows that $$O$$ travels with the same speed $$c$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}_2.$$

An invariant speed also exists if $$K=0,$$ but in this case it is infinite: whatever travels with infinite speed in one inertial frame — it takes no time to get from one place to another — does so in every inertial frame.

The existence of an invariant speed prevents objects from making U-turns in spacetime. If $$K=0,$$ it obviously takes an infinite amount of energy to reach $$v=\infty.$$ Since an infinite amount of energy isn't at our disposal, we cannot start vertically in a spacetime diagram and then make a U-turn (that is, we cannot reach, let alone "exceed", a horizontal slope. ("Exceeding" a horizontal slope here means changing from a positive to a negative slope, or from going forward to going backward in time.)

If $$K<0,$$ it takes an infinite amount of energy to reach even the finite speed of light. Imagine you spent a finite amount of fuel accelerating from 0 to $$0.1\,c.$$ In the frame in which you are now at rest, your speed is not a whit closer to the speed of light. And this remains true no matter how many times you repeat the procedure. Thus no finite amount of energy can make you reach, let alone "exceed", a slope equal to $$1/c.$$ ("Exceeding" a slope equal to $$1/c$$ means attaining a smaller slope. As we will see, if we were to travel faster than light in any one frame, then there would be frames in which we travel backward in time.)


text:
Cookbook:Blueberry Cream Pie

| American cuisine | Vegetarian Cuisine | Dessert

This recipe for blueberry cream pie is from chef Taylor Piercefield.

Pie

 * 1 container (8 ounces / 225 g) sour cream
 * 2 tablespoons flour
 * ¾ cup (150 g) white sugar
 * 1 teaspoon vanilla
 * 1 egg, beaten
 * 2½ cups (500 g) fresh blueberries
 * 1 ea. 9-inch (23 cm) unbaked pie shell

Topping

 * 3 tablespoons flour
 * 3 tablespoons butter
 * 3 tablespoons pecans, chopped

Pie

 * 1) Preheat oven to 400°F (200°C).
 * 2) In a mixing bowl, combine sour cream, flour, sugar, vanilla, and egg.
 * 3) Beat until very smooth.
 * 4) Fold in blueberries.
 * 5) Pour filling into pie shell.
 * 6) Bake for 25 minutes.

Topping

 * 1) In a small bowl, mix flour, butter and pecans, stirring well.
 * 2) Sprinkle over pie and bake an additional 10 minutes.
 * 3) Remove from oven.
 * 4) Cool on wire rack, then chill.

Notes, tips, and variations

 * A little whipped cream on top is a nice addition.

title: Cookbook:Blueberry Cream Pie


text:
User talk:69.172.49.192

Regarding edits made during February 12 2007
Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. If this is an IP address, and it is shared by multiple users, ignore this warning if you did not make any unconstructive edits. Az1568(Talk) 03:56, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:69.172.49.192


text:
Cookbook:Cherry-Berry Jumble Fruit Pie

| American cuisine | Vegetarian Cuisine | Dessert

Ingredients

 * 1 cup canned sweet cherries with juice
 * ¾ cup white sugar
 * 2 tablespoons cornstarch
 * 1 tablespoon flour
 * 1¼ cups fresh blueberries
 * ½ cup raspberries
 * ¾ cup fresh blackberries
 * 1½ cups fresh strawberries, sliced
 * 2 tablespoons strawberry preserves
 * 1 tablespoon fresh lemon juice
 * 2 store-bought or homemade pie crusts
 * 1 tablespoon butter, melted

Procedure

 * 1) Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C)
 * 2) Drain cherries, reserving juice; set cherries aside.
 * 3) Add water to juice if necessary to make ½ cup liquid.
 * 4) In a large saucepan, mix together cherry juice, sugar, cornstarch and flour. Stir until smooth, then cook on medium heat until it starts to thicken.
 * 5) Add fruit, preserves and lemon juice. Mix well.
 * 6) Place 1 crust in a 9-inch (23 cm) pie pan or plate. Spoon in fruit filling.
 * 7) Cut several slits in the middle of the second crust and place it over the filling.
 * 8) Crimp the edges, and brush with melted butter.
 * 9) Bake until the pie is golden brown, 40 to 45 minutes. Oven temperatures vary, so the time may vary.

title: Cookbook:Cherry-Berry Jumble Fruit Pie


text:
User talk:72.237.72.40

Please stop adding nonsense to Wikibooks. It is considered vandalism. If you would like to experiment, use the sandbox. Thank you.

title: User talk:72.237.72.40


text:
This Quantum World/Appendix/Relativity/Lorentz

The case against $$K>0$$
In a hypothetical world with $$K>0$$ we can define $$k\equiv1/\sqrt K$$ (a universal constant with the dimension of a velocity), and we can cast $$u=v+w/(1-Kvw)$$ into the form

u={v+w\over 1-vw/k^2}.$$

If we plug in $$v=w=k/2,$$ then instead of the Galilean $$u=v+w=k$$ we have $$u={4\over3}k>k.$$ Worse, if we plug in $$v=w=k,$$ we obtain $$u=\infty$$: if object $$O$$ travels with speed $$k$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}_2,$$ and if $$\mathcal{F}_2$$ travels with speed $$k$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}_1$$ (in the same direction), then $$O$$ travels with an infinite speed relative to $$\mathcal{F}_1$$! And if $$O$$ travels with $$2k$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}_2$$ and $$\mathcal{F}_2$$ travels with $$2k$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}_1,$$ $$O$$'s speed relative to $$\mathcal{F}_1$$ is negative: $$u=-{4\over3}k.$$

If we use units in which $$K=k=1,$$ then the invariant proper time associated with an infinitesimal path segment is related to the segment's inertial components via

ds^2=dt^2+dx^2+dy^2+dz^2.$$

This is the 4-dimensional version of the 3-scalar $$dx^2+dy^2+dz^2, $$ which is invariant under rotations in space. Hence if $$K$$ is positive, the transformations between inertial systems are rotations in spacetime. I guess you now see why in this hypothetical world the composition of two positive speeds can be a negative speed.

Let us confirm this conclusion by deriving the composition theorem (for $$k{=}1$$) from the assumption that the $$x'$$ and $$t'$$ axes are rotated relative to the $$x$$ and $$t$$ axes.

The speed of an object $$O$$ following the dotted line is $$w=\cot(\alpha+ta)$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}',$$ the speed of $$\mathcal{F}'$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}$$ is $$v=\tan\alpha,$$ and the speed of $$O$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}$$ is $$u=\cot\beta.$$ Invoking the trigonometric relation

\tan(\alpha+\beta)={\tan\alpha+\tan\beta\over1-\tan\alpha\tan\beta},$$

we conclude that $${1\over w}={v+1/u\over1-v/u}.$$ Solving for $$u,$$ we obtain $$u={v+w\over 1-vw}.$$

How can we rule out the a priori possibility that $$K>0$$? As shown in the body of the book, the stability of matter — to be precise, the existence of stable objects that (i) have spatial extent (they "occupy" space) and (ii) are composed of a finite number of objects that lack spatial extent (they don't "occupy" space) — rests on the existence of relative positions that are (a) more or less fuzzy and (b) independent of time. Such relative positions are described by probability distributions that are (a) inhomogeneous in space and (b) homogeneous in time. Their objective existence thus requires an objective difference between spactime's temporal dimension and its spatial dimensions. This rules out the possibility that $$K>0.$$

How? If $$K<0,$$ and if we use natural units, in which $$c=1,$$ we have that

ds^2=+\,dt^2-dx^2-dy^2-dz^2.$$

As far as physics is concerned, the difference between the positive sign in front of $$dt$$ and the negative signs in front of $$dx,$$ $$dy,$$ and $$dz$$ is the only objective difference between time and the spatial dimensions of spacetime. If $$K$$ were positive, not even this difference would exist.

The case against zero K
And what argues against the possibility that $$K=0$$?

Recall the propagator for a free and stable particle:

\langle B|A\rangle =\int\mathcal{DC} e^{-ibs[\mathcal{C}]}.$$

If $$K$$ were to vanish, we would have $$ds^2=dt^2.$$ There would be no difference between inertial time and proper time, and every spacetime path leading from $$A$$ to $$B$$ would contribute the same amplitude $$e^{-ib(t_B-t_A)}$$ to the propagator $$\langle B|A\rangle,$$ which would be hopelessly divergent as a result. Worse, $$\langle B|A\rangle$$ would be independent of the distance between $$A$$ and $$B.$$ To obtain well-defined, finite probabilities, cancellations ("destructive interference") must occur, and this rules out that $$K=0.$$

The actual Lorentz transformations
In the real world, therefore, the Lorentz transformations take the form

t'={t-wx/c^2\over\sqrt{1-w^2/c^2}}, \quad x'={x-wt\over\sqrt{1-w^2/c^2}},\quad y'=y,\quad z'=z.$$

Let's explore them diagrammatically, using natural units ($$c=1$$). Setting $$t'=0,$$ we have $$t=wx.$$ This tells us that the slope of the $$x'$$ axis relative to the undashed frame is $$w=\tan\alpha.$$ Setting $$x'=0,$$ we have $$t=x/w.$$ This tells us that the slope of the $$t'$$ axis is $$1/w.$$ The dashed axes are thus rotated by the same angle in opposite directions; if the $$t'$$ axis is rotated clockwise relative to the $$t$$ axis, then the $$x'$$ axis is rotated counterclockwise relative to the $$x$$ axis.

We arrive at the same conclusion if we think about the synchronization of clocks in motion. Consider three clocks (1,2,3) that travel with the same speed $$w=\tan\alpha$$ relative to $$\mathcal{F}.$$ To synchronize them, we must send signals from one clock to another. What kind of signals? If we want our synchronization procedure to be independent of the language we use (that is, independent of the reference frame), then we must use signals that travel with the invariant speed $$c.$$

Here is how it's done:

Light signals are sent from clock 2 (event $$A$$) and are reflected by clocks 1 and 3 (events $$B$$ and $$C,$$ respectively). The distances between the clocks are adjusted so that the reflected signals arrive simultaneously at clock 2 (event $$D$$). This ensures that the distance between clocks 1 and 2 equals the distance between clocks 2 and 3, regardless of the inertial frame in which they are compared. In $$\mathcal{F}',$$ where the clocks are at rest, the signals from $$A$$ have traveled equal distances when they reach the first and the third clock, respectively. Since they also have traveled with the same speed $$c,$$ they have traveled for equal times. Therefore the clocks must be synchronized so that $$B$$ and $$C$$ are simultaneous. We may use the worldline of clock 1 as the $$t'$$ axis and the straight line through $$B$$ and $$C$$ as the $$x'$$ axis. It is readily seen that the three angles $$ta$$ in the above diagram are equal. From this and the fact that the slope of the signal from $$B$$ to $$D$$ equals 1 (given that $$c{=}1$$), the equality of the two angles $$\alpha$$ follows.

Simultaneity thus depends on the language — the inertial frame — that we use to describe a physical situation. If two events $$E_1,E_2$$ are simultaneous in one frame, then there are frames in which $$E_1$$ happens after $$E_2$$ as well as frames in which $$E_1$$ hapens before $$E_2.$$

Where do we place the unit points on the space and time axes? The unit point of the time axis of $$\mathcal{F}'$$ has the coordinates $$t'=1, x'=0$$ and satisfies $$t^2-x^2=1,$$ as we gather from the version $$(t')^2-(x')^2=t^2-x^2$$ of (\ref{ds2}). The unit point of the $$x'$$ axis has the coordinates $$t'=0, x'=1$$ and satisfies $$x^2-t^2=1.$$ The loci of the unit points of the space and time axes are the hyperbolas that are defined by these equations:


text:
This Quantum World/Appendix/Relativity/Lorentz contraction time dilation

Lorentz contraction, time dilatation
Imagine a meter stick at rest in $$\mathcal{F}'.$$ At the time $$t'=0,$$ its ends are situated at the points $$O$$ and $$C.$$ At the time $$t=0,$$ they are situated at the points $$O$$ and $$A,$$ which are less than a meter apart. Now imagine a stick (not a meter stick) at rest in $$\mathcal{F},$$ whose end points at the time $$t'=0$$ are O and C. In $$\mathcal{F}'$$ they are a meter apart, but in the stick's rest-frame they are at $$O$$ and $$B$$ and thus more than a meter apart. The bottom line: a moving object is contracted (shortened) in the direction in which it is moving.

Next imagine two clocks, one ($$\mathcal{C}$$) at rest in $$\mathcal{F}$$ and located at $$x=0,$$ and one ($$\mathcal{C}'$$) at rest in $$\mathcal{F}'$$ and located at $$x'=0.$$ At $$D,$$ $$\mathcal{C}'$$ indicates that one second has passed, while at $$E$$ (which in $$\mathcal{F}$$ is simultaneous with $$D$$), $$\mathcal{C}$$ indicates that more than a second has passed. On the other hand, at $$F$$ (which in $$\mathcal{F}'$$ is simultaneous with $$D$$), $$\mathcal{C}$$ indicates that less than a second has passed. The bottom line: a moving clock runs slower than a clock at rest.

Example: Muons ($$\mu$$ particles) are created near the top of the atmosphere, some ten kilometers up, when high-energy particles of cosmic origin hit the atmosphere. Since muons decay spontaneously after an average lifetime of 2.2 microseconds, they don't travel much farther than 600 meters. Yet many are found at sea level. How do they get that far?

The answer lies in the fact that most of them travel at close to the speed of light. While from its own point of view (that is, relative to the inertial system in which it is at rest), a muon only lives for about 2 microseconds, from our point of view (that is, relative to an inertial system in which it travels close to the speed of light), it lives much longer and has enough time to reach the Earth's surface.


text:
This Quantum World/Appendix/Relativity/4-vectors

4-vectors
3-vectors are triplets of real numbers that transform under rotations like the coordinates $$x,y,z.$$ 4-vectors are quadruplets of real numbers that transform under Lorentz transformations like the coordinates of $$\vec{x}=(ct,x,y,z).$$

You will remember that the scalar product of two 3-vectors is invariant under rotations of the (spatial) coordinate axes; after all, this is why we call it a scalar. Similarly, the scalar product of two 4-vectors $$\vec{a}=(a_t,\mathbf{a})=(a_0,a_1,a_2,a_3)$$ and $$\vec{b}= (b_t,\mathbf{b})=(b_0,b_1,b_2,b_3),$$ defined by

(\vec{a},\vec{b})=a_0b_0-a_1b_1-a_2b_2-a_3b_3,$$

is invariant under Lorentz transformations (as well as translations of the coordinate origin and rotations of the spatial axes). To demonstrate this, we consider the sum of two 4-vectors $$\vec{c}=\vec{a}+\vec{b}$$ and calculate

(\vec{c},\vec{c})=(\vec{a}+\vec{b},\vec{a}+\vec{b})= (\vec{a},\vec{a})+(\vec{b},\vec{b})+2(\vec{a},\vec{b}).$$

The products $$(\vec{a},\vec{a}),$$ $$(\vec{b},\vec{b}),$$ and $$(\vec{c},\vec{c})$$ are invariant 4-scalars. But if they are invariant under Lorentz transformations, then so is the scalar product $$(\vec{a},\vec{b}).$$

One important 4-vector, apart from $$\vec{x},$$ is the 4-velocity $$\vec{u}=\frac{d\vec{x}}{ds},$$ which is tangent on the worldline $$\vec{x}(s).$$ $$\vec{u}$$ is a 4-vector because $$\vec{x}$$ is one and because $$ds$$ is a scalar (to be precise, a 4-scalar).

The norm or "magnitude" of a 4-vector $$\vec{a}$$ is defined as $$\sqrt{|(\vec{a},\vec{a})|}.$$ It is readily shown that the norm of $$\vec{u}$$ equals $$c$$ (exercise!).

Thus if we use natural units, the 4-velocity is a unit vector.


text:
User talk:Arogersmd

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Good luck! Iamunknown 07:05, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Arogersmd


text:
Celestia/Rotation Models

Introduction
All information on this page is relevant only for Celestia 1.5.0 and later.

Prior to v1.5.0, separate rotation statements were used. See the chapter on SSC files for descriptions of those declarations.

UniformRotation
Usage:

UniformRotation {   Period   Inclination   AscendingNode   MeridianAngle   Epoch   }

Period is the sidereal rotation period of the object; that is, the rotation with respect to some fixed background. Thus the rotation period for the Earth would be 23.93 rather than 24 hours. If no Period is specified, the object will be tidally locked (i.e. always showing the same face to the parent body).

FixedRotation
Usage:

FixedRotation {   Inclination   AscendingNode   MeridianAngle   }

An object with a FixedRotation will maintain a constant orientation within its reference frame. A fixed rotation has properties identical to UniformRotation except that a rotation period isn't required.

PrecessingRotation
Usage:

PrecessingRotation {   Period   PrecessionPeriod   Inclination   AscendingNode   MeridianAngle   Epoch   }

SampledOrientation
Usage:

SampledOrientation

Where the filename is the name of a Celestia orientation file, which by convention has the extension .q (for quaternion.) The orientation file is a text file containing a time tagged list of quaternions. Times are Julian dates specified in Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB). Each record in the file has the form:

where w is the real part, and x, y, and z the imaginary parts of a quaternion. A rotation of angle theta about the axis V is given by the quaternion: $$( \cos{\frac{\theta} {2}}, \mathbf{V} \sin{\frac{\theta}{2}} )$$

ScriptedRotation
A ScriptedRotation is used create rotation model where the orientation is given by a function in Lua script file.

Usage:

ScriptedRotation {    Module   Function   ...additional properties... }

Module gives the name of a package that will be loaded via Lua's require method. It searches a standard lists of paths for a script file with the specified name. Function is the name of a factory function that produces a table with the rotation model properties, including a function that returns the orientation at a particular time. All of the ScriptRotation properties other than Module and Function are passed on to the Lua function to create the rotation object. The function name is the only required parameter.

To create your own ScriptedRotation, you need to have some familiarity with the Lua scripting language use in Celestia's celx scripts. The Lua function specified in the ScriptedRotation definition is a factory function that gets called immediately after the ScriptedRotation is parsed. The factory function accepts a single table parameter containing all the properties from the ScriptedRotation definition. The function must return a Lua rotation model object, which is just table with several standard fields. They are:

$$w = \cos{\frac{\theta}{2}}$$, $$x = A_x\sin{\frac{\theta}{2}}$$, $$y = A_y\sin{\frac{\theta}{2}}$$, $$z = A_z\sin{\frac{\theta}{2}}$$
 * period - A number giving the period of the rotation in days. If not present, the rotation is assumed to be aperiodic.
 * beginDate, endDate - optional values that specify the time span over which the rotation model is valid. If not given, the rotation model is assumed to be usable at any time. A rotation model with end < begin is not allowed.
 * orientation(time) - The position function takes a time value as input (TDB Julian day) and returns four values which are the quaternion (w, x, y, z). This quaternion is related to the axis angle rotation (A, theta) by:

Here's an example of how to use a ScriptedRotation in an .ssc file:

"Scripted" "Sol/Earth" {    ScriptedRotation {        Module "rotations" Function "wobble" Period 1 Amplitude 180 } }

The above ssc fragment tells Celestia to load a file called rotations.lua and invoke the function named wobble to create a new rotation model object. The rest of the properties will all be passed to the wobble function as fields of a table. Next, the contents of rotations.lua:

-- prototype for the wobble scripted rotation has default values for -- any parameters that are omitted in the ssc file. wobbleproto = {   Amplitude = 0, Period   = 1, } -- constructor method function wobbleproto:new(o) o = o or {} -- create table if one not provided setmetatable(o, self) self.__index = self -- set the period to whatever value was specified in the ssc file; -- slightly confusing because Celestia is case sensitive--period must -- be lowercase, but the field from the ssc file is capitalized. o.period = o.Period return o end -- The orientation function. This implementation produces a back and forth -- wobble of Amplitude degrees about the z axis. function wobbleproto:orientation(tjd) local t = tjd - 2451545.0 local theta = self.Amplitude * math.sin((t / self.Period + 0) * math.pi * 2); -- convert from degrees to radians theta = theta * math.pi / 180 -- compute a quaternion representing the orientation return math.cos(theta / 2), 0, 0, math.sin(theta / 2) end function wobble(sscvals) -- create a new wobble rotation object return wobbleproto:new(sscvals) end

ScriptedRotations have a few limitations. The only allowed parameters are simple types: strings, numbers, and booleans. Complex types such as arrays and property lists will not be passed on to the Lua factory function. This limitation may disappear in a future version of Celestia. Also, Celestia expects that the orientation function will always return the same orientation for identical time values.

SpiceRotation
Usage:

SpiceRotation {    Kernel    # optional Frame BaseFrame            # optional (defaults to ecliptic) Period               # optional (units are hours) Beginning            # optional Ending               # optional }

SpiceRotation is used to import a orientation information from NASA's SPICE system into Celestia. The orientation of a Celestia object will be locked to a SPICE frame.

Not all versions of Celestia are built with SPICE support. SpiceRotation is not support in versions of Celestia earlier than 1.6.0.

The Kernel property can be used to specify the name of one or more SPICE kernel (SPK) files to load. It can be omitted if all required kernel files were listed in the definition of a previously loaded object. Celestia expects the kernel file to reside in an add-on's data directory.

Frame and BaseFrame are strings that give SPICE names for the frames. The orientation of the SpiceRotation is the orientation of the frame relative to the base frame. If no base frame is specified, the default is eclipj2000. The base frame should be the SPICE equivalent of whatever the BodyFrame of the Celestia object is.

Beginning and Ending specify the valid time range of the SPICE rotation. If the Beginning and Ending are omitted, the rotation model is assumed to be valid at any time. It is an error to specify Beginning without Ending, and vice versa.

Period specifies the principal rotation period; it defaults to 0 indicating that the rotation is aperiodic. It is not essential to provide the rotation period; it is only used by Celestia for displaying object information such as sidereal day length.

Example:

SpiceRotation {    Kernel              "pck00008.tpc" Frame              "IAU_EARTH" BaseFrame          "eclipj2000" Period             23.9344694 }
 * 1) Use the frame IAU_EARTH as defined by the constants in the SPICE text kernel pck00008.tpc

title: Celestia/Rotation Models


text:
JET Database/Data integrity

JET (along with its major application wrapper, Microsoft Access) is often blamed for having poor data integrity, but this is most often because few or none of the data integrity features of the database have been properly used.

The JET database supports many of the standard data integrity functions that are expected of relational databases, including constraints, transactions, and locking. This support is something that has evolved over time, with only JET 4.0 supporting some features.

There are also some locking and buffering problems associated with using JET databases in multi-user environments, and especially so over local area networks (LAN). Such problems may be the subject of another chapter, however.

Primary keys
Primary keys help to define a set of columns for a table, that can be used to uniquely identify each row. No two rows can have the same values in the columns that make up the primary key, a constraint that the database enforces by refusing to insert a row when there already exists a row with those values in the primary key columns.

Unique indexes and unique constraints
JET supports both unique indexes and unique constraints, subtly different concepts that achieve essentially the same functionality. A unique index is an index that cannot have duplicate values for the columns in the index, whereas a unique constraint is a data integrity rule that prevents rows being inserted with the same values in the columns listed in the constraint. Both can can used to implement the logical data model concept of an alternate key.

The JET engine implements the concept of the unique constraint by creating a unique index. A unique constraint can be added to a table in the  statement, or via an   statement.

Foreign keys
JET supports the foreign key constraint, allowing entity-relationship data modelling rules to be enforced at the database level. A foreign key constraint prevents rows from being inserted when no corresponding row exists in a related table, and also prevents rows from being deleted when related tables have dependent rows referencing them.

The JET engine automatically creates an index on the columns that compose the foreign key.

A foreign key constraint must reference all columns in a primary key, unique constraint, or unique index on the referenced table. The code below shows a foreign key referencing a unique constraint (e.g. an alternate key) on another table.

JET 4.0 introduced cascading updates and deletes to foreign keys. When a foreign key is created with, the foreign keys are updated if the referenced columns are changed. causes the referencing rows to be deleted if the referenced row is deleted, and  sets the foreign keys to Null if the referenced row is deleted.

Check constraints
JET 4.0 introduced check constraints, which apply additional logic in the data integrity of the database. A check constraint is an expression that further constrains the allowable values in a column. The expression can be a simple value bounding validation, or it can include a sub-query that references values in other tables.

Check constraints can be useful for more than just validating input values. The following example shows how a check constraint can ensure that a table contains only one row.

Transactions
From JET 4.0, JET supports transactions for multiple statements, giving developers the ability to write robust code that updates the database without compromising logical consistency by, for example, allowing half an invoice to be created, or half a client's records to be updated. Thus, statements within a declared transaction will succeed or fail together.

A transaction must be explicitly created by issuing the  statement. Subsequent statements will not be committed to the database until a  or   statement is issued. If a  or   statement is issued, all statements since the transaction began will fail, i.e. none of them will be committed to the database.

(0 row(s) returned)

When using Microsoft's ADO database components, transactions are typically managed through the BeginTrans / CommitTrans / RollbackTrans methods on those objects. However, they can just as easily be implemented through statement execution, as shown above.

Locking
JET supports read and write locks on the database, either through exclusive access, or shared access. Locks can be set at the row level, page level, or database level.

From JET 4.0, Row level locks will be automatically promoted to page or table level when the number of rows locked reaches a threshold. This threshold is set in the Windows registry entry  found under the key

Locking can be configured by setting the isolation level on the database connection. For ADO, this is done with the  property on the   object.

title: JET Database/Data integrity


text:
User:Willscrlt/UBX/UbxWikicommonsUser

Usage
Add the following text to your user page or whichever page you use to display Userboxes.

Attributes

 * 1) Required: Replace the word Example where it appears in the example above with your actual user name at Wikimedia Commons. For most people with accounts at both sites, your user name is the same as here. Sometimes the names are different, so be sure to enter the correct name.
 * 2) Optional:  The second attribute (media in the example above) defaults to media if not provided. If you contribute only one type of media, then you might want to be specific by replacing media with either images, sounds, or videos.

title: User:Willscrlt/UBX/UbxWikicommonsUser


text:
User talk:Kiki6

This is your last or only warning. There is a history of placing external links connected with this account in some form. If you are not blocked immediately from editing Wikibooks you will be if you place another external link. -- Herby talk thyme 11:02, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kiki6


text:
User:Alakazam38

I joined Wikibooks under suggestions from Wikipedians. My main work here is on various projects. I have a special interest in Latin and History.

I am English and live in London. I am currently studying Ancient History at university. In my spare time, I learn languages. I am currently learning Italian.

The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus
Also adding new Latin Words to WikTionary as I complete poems.

=Layout Guide for: "Poems of Gaius Valerius Catullus"=

Project News
10th January, 2009

 * Poem 8 Completed.

9th January, 2009

 * Poem 40 Completed.

 * Poem 36 Completed.

5th January, 2009

 * User:Celloman2012 has officially joined this project. (What a long break!)

16th December, 2007

 * Poem 14 Completed.

13th October, 2007

 * After a long break, I've returned to work on this project.
 * User:Bonaeludae has officially joined this project.

19th May, 2007

 * User:Medellia has officially joined this project.

14th May, 2007

 * Poem 93 Completed.

13th May, 2007

 * User:Puellamala has officially joined this project.
 * User:Storeye has officially joined this project.
 * Meters Used By Catullus Completed.

11th May, 2007

 * Poem 72 Completed.
 * Poem 8 Completed.

5th May, 2007

 * Poem 49 Completed.
 * Poem 3 Completed.

3rd March, 2007

 * Poem 45 Completed.

25th February, 2007

 * Poem 2 Completed.

17th February, 2007

 * Poem 5 Completed.

12th February, 2007

 * Poem 70 Completed.
 * Poem 7 Completed.
 * Poem 51 Completed.

Key
This page will serve as the Log Book for the Catullus TextBook. I have set myself the task of adding each of these to the poems:

Text & Translation
Meter - Insert meter name

Line #

 * Latin - English

Explanation.

Line #

 * word - meaning; another meaning if possible

Marking
Progress: 112/484

TT Done

TT Done, EL Done

TT Done, EL Done, CT Done

TT Done, EL Done, CT Done, VU Done

TT Done, EL Done, CT Done, VU Done, VW Done

'Once all of these have been completed I shall consider that Poem completely finished. Anyone else can add to it as they see fit.'

=Poems Check-List=

Poems 1-30

 * Preface
 * The Life of Catullus
 * Poem 1 TT, CT, EL
 * Poem 2 Completed.
 * Poem 3 Completed.
 * Poem 4 TT, CT, EL
 * Poem 5 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/6
 * Poem 7 Completed.
 * Poem 8 TT, EL
 * Poem 9 TT, EL
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/10
 * Poem 11 TT, EL
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/12
 * Poem 13 TT, CT
 * Poem 14 TT, CT, VU, EL
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/14b
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/15
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/16
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/17
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/21
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/22
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/23
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/24
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/25
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/26
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/27
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/28
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/29
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/30

Poems 31-60

 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/31
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/32
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/33
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/34
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/35
 * Poem 36 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/37
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/38
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/39
 * Poem 40 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/41
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/42
 * Poem 43 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/44
 * Poem 45 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/46
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/47
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/48
 * Poem 49 Completed.
 * Poem 50 TT, CT
 * Poem 51 Completed.

 * Poem 52 TT, EL
 * Poem 53 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/54
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/55
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/56
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/57
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/58
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/58b
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/59
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/60

Poems 61-90

 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/61
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/62
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/63
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/64
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/65
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/66
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/67
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/68
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/69
 * Poem 70 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/71
 * Poem 72 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/73
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/74
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/75
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/76
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/77
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/78
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/78b
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/79
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/80
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/81
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/82
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/83
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/84
 * Poem 85 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/86
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/87
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/88
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/89
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/90

Poems 91-116

 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/91
 * Poem 92 TT, VW, EL
 * Poem 93 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/94
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/95
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/96
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/97
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/98
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/99
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/100
 * Poem 101 TT, EL
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/102
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/103
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/104
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/105
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/106
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/107
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/108
 * Poem 109 Completed.
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/110
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/111
 * Poem 112TT, EL
 * Poem 113TT, EL, CT
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/114
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/115
 * The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/116

Appendices

 * Meters Used By Catullus Completed
 * Authors
 * Bibliography

title: User:Alakazam38


text:
The Poetry of Gaius Valerius Catullus/70

=Text and Translation=

Meter - Elegiac couplets

=Connotations Of The Text=

Line 1

 * nubere (see vocabulary below) this literally means "to wear the veil" and is only used to describe a woman getting married. The masculine equivalent was uxorem ducere - lit. "to lead as a wife".

Line 2

 * quam mihi - than me

She says that she would prefer to be married to Catullus and no one else.

 * non si - not even if

This is emphatic. Jupiter was well known for his 'collection' of marriages and was the hardest suitor to refuse.

 * petat - should seek [her]

This is an hypothetical subjunctive that expresses the action as possible in the present time.

Line 3
'dicit: - she says: [supposedly is understood here]

Convey his doubts of Lesbia's loyalty to him.

cupido - passionate; desirous; eager

This is a direct reference to Catullus. The poet is showing how only the heart has been leading him up to this point, and as such, he has been 'blinded' by it. Lines 3-4 are a rational evaluation of the situation, as he steps back into a detached state.

Line 4

 * in vento... oportet aqua - she ought to write on wind and fast-flowing water

This is a metaphor for her declarations of love. Any writing that was written on wind or water would disintegrate immediately. Therefore, we understand that the poet regards Lesbia's statements as fleeting, said in the moments of passion; in truth they are unreliable and fickle.

=Vocabulary=

Line 1

 * mulier, mulieris, f. - a woman, married or not

 * nubo, -ere, -psi, -uptum - to be married to; to become the wife of

 * malo, malle, malui - prefer

Line 3

 * cupidus, -a, -um - passionate; eager; desirous

Line 4

 * oportet, oportuit - it is necessary; proper; reasonable

 * rapidus, -a, -um - swift; rapid; fast-flowing; violent; overpowering

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Catullus 70 Translation of Catullus 70

Catullus 70 Another Translation of Catullus 70


text:
CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Words not found

Added: --Loek van Kooten 12:29, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

Version: Example: 7.0.284

System: Example: Windows XP SP2

Description: Phrases do not show up in the Portions Found window if they end with a question mark and are surrounded by double quotes.

Example: "Forgotten your password?"

Reproduction: Can be reproduced.

Workaround: Temporarily insert spaces between the phrase and the quotes, then reselect pair by selecting another pair first. The word will now show up.

Comments from Atril Software:

--Javier Arrizabalaga 09:25, 13 February 2007 --Loek van Kooten 09:10, 13 February 2007 (UTC) --Javier Arrizabalaga 09:25, 14 February 2007 --Loek van Kooten 09:38, 14 February 2007 (UTC) --Javier Arrizabalaga 08:50, 15 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Try it after checking all Autosearch Environment options except "Hide embedded codes".
 * If possible it should work without displaying "Portions from Translation Memory" and "All subportions" (note that both of these need to be enabled to display these kind of portions - just enabling one of them won't work).
 * I have tested it again and works if the portion is the text of a segment (without more text in the same segment). If the portion is part of a sentence, it does not appear in Autosearch.
 * Said phrase was added to the TDB as "Forgotten your password?" (without quotes). Still it does not appear in the Portions Found window if the source text contains "Forgotten your password?" (with quotes). This seems to be inconsistent with your observations. Is this correct?
 * That's correct. I was trying with the sentence "Forgotten your password?" (with quotes) in both the segments and the TDB. When I have removed the quotes in the segment, not suggestions are shown in the Autosearch Window.

Comments from other users:

title: CAT-Tools/DéjàVu X/Words not found


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