text:
High Icelandic

In 1992 the Belgian Herman Jozef Braekmans became interested in Icelandic terminological work. During the 90’s, the emphasis in his work lied mainly on the search for native names for the chemical elements and a completely native terminology for chemical compounds. At the end of 1999 he released a small booklet titled “Icelandic Alternatives for the Names of the Chemical Elements”. In 2000 he made contact with the Dutch linguist Fabian Valkenburg, the man behind the Bond tegen Leenwoorden (Union against loan-words), who helped Braekmans construct the website Nýyrðasmiðja Málþvottahús (Neologistic factory: a language laundry). Braekmans tried to find cooperators on the is.islenska newsgroup but most of the people there firmly rejected the idea of purism. In 2003 he decided to present his words as an ultrapurist superset language called Háfrónska (November 2003). Before that he somtimes referred to the language as ofuríslenska or Hypericelandic. In 2005, he asked the Icelandic reverend Pétur Þorsteinsson to take the lead. During the last months of that year Breakmans created an additional web-page about High Icelandic symbolism (see below) The project received some minor media attention in Iceland, but only a few fanatics continue Braekmans' work. The Icelandic television channel Stöð 2 had a small item on the project in November 2005. Although many people see the language as a joke and a mockery of Icelandic language protectionism, Braekmans is dead-serious about it.

An equivalent concept can be seen in the High French (Haut français) project.

Ultrapurism
The emphasis in High Icelandic mainly lies on málgjörhreinsun (ultra purism), the most extreme form of linguistic purism. Again this is a personal term of the creator, signifying that everything that can be expressed by human speech is to be considered a target for puristic intervention, even proper names, geographical names, and names of chemicals. According to Braekmans the first signs of ultrapurism go back to the neologistic excesses of the 19th century Fjölnismenn. In their magazine Skírnir, they translated personal names like 'Robert Peel' and 'John Russell' as Hróbjartur Píll and Jón Hrísill respectively. Also geographical names were translated: Góðviðra (Buenos Aires), Sigurborg (Cairo), Slettumannaland (Poland). In contrast to the existing Icelandic language policy, the removal of latinisms and germanisms in the old language is considered a top priority. In Braekmans opinion, the fact that Iceland has experienced the strongest wave of linguistic purism of all languages, makes it the most characteristic an important element of the language. More so than the old literature (other languages like Tamil also have an impressive literal tradition) and the fact that Icelandic has changed so little during the last millenium (Greek has changed as less as Icelandic during the same period). For this reason, he believes that staunch linguistic purism should be the main value feature in Icelandic society and be pursued.

High Icelandic symbolism
During the last months of 2005 Braekmans and a few neologist poets created Saga Fjallbarnssins ‘The saga of the Mountain child’. In this story the High Icelandic symbolism is explained.
 * 1) Brynfjöregg: The armored fjöregg (vital egg).  A 'vital egg' (fjöregg) is the equivalent of a ‘life-thread’ in Icelandic symbolism.   It is a familiar motif in Icelandic folklore, where one can destroy trolls, giants, etc., by finding where their "life-egg" (fjöregg) is hidden and hurling it at them so that it hits them in the face, or on the temple or nose, or (most frequently) between the eyes or on the forehead. These life-eggs came in a variety of colors,  some were golden.  Many Icelanders still consider their language as the ‘vital egg’ of their culture.  When it breaks, the thing it symbolizes dies.  The High Icelandic ‘brynfjöregg’ is composed of two viking-helmets forming an oval armor around the egg, symbolizing language protection.
 * 2) Fjallbarn: The so-called linguisticly immaculate child of the mountains (Hið slettulausa Fjallbarn) of Fjallkonan (Woman of the mountains), the female incarnation of the Icelandic nation, and Bergrisinn (The Rock-giant), one of the four protectors of Iceland.  In High Icelandic symbolism, a child born on the national holiday and whose mother takes the trouble to make this happen at Thingvellir is called a ‘fjallbarn’.
 * 3) Þórsfrónvé: Thor’s flag of Iceland, an alternate Icelandic flag with the same division of the three colors but with a stylized ‘hammer of Thor’ replacing the Danish Crusaders’ cross.
 * 4) Nýyrðaskáld: A nýyrðaskáld (neologist poet) is a native speaker of Icelandic, who differs from a ‘nýyrðasmíður’ (word-builder) in that ‘unlimited purism’ and ‘language protection’ are holy commitments. They wear a blue shirt, a red tie and a characteristic cap, patterned like a viking-helmet with the colors of the Icelandic flag.  Both Icelandic flags are represented because a viking-helmet pattern on a cap always results into an inverted T-shape.  The cap again symbolizes the protection of the language against foreign influence.

General word-list

 * afn: atom, from 'efni' (matter).
 * alsverfir: diamond, from ‘al-‘ (all, pan-) + svarfa (abrade).
 * álftarlúður: saxophone, from ‘álft’ (swan) + ‘lúður’ (horn, trumpet).
 * ástblóm: rose, from ‘ást’ (love) and ‘blóm’ (flower).
 * baðmreyr: bamboo, from ‘baðmur’ (tree) and ‘reyr’ (cane). Named after the Latin name dendrocalamus (literally: tree-cane).
 * barreik: cedar, from ‘barr-‘ (pine-needle) + eik (oak). The oak (refers to strength) of the conifers.
 * baunaystingur: bean-curd (tofu), from ‘baun’ (bean) and ‘ystingur’ (curd).
 * birtusteinn: brilliant (diamond), from ‘birta’ (brightness) and ‘steinn’ (stone).
 * bryngálkn: tank, from ‘bryn-‘ (armored) and ‘gálkn’ (monster). The existing ‘bryndreki’ is a compound with the latinism ‘dreki’.
 * Erlendu-brúða: Barbie doll. The name Barbie is derived from Barbara, which means ‘foreign’ in Greek.
 * bláildishvolf: ozonosphere, composed of ‘blár’, blue and ildi, ‘oxygen’ et ‘hvolf’ (sphere).
 * blandlauf: lettuce, from ‘blanda’ (mix) and ‘lauf’ (leaf).
 * bleðmisbrot: origami, from ‘bleðmi’ (paper, the word 'blað' integrated in the word 'beðmi' (cellulose). Paper is almost pure cellulose.) and ‘brot’ (folding).
 * blístrabelgur: bagpipes, from ‘blístur’ (High Icelandic word for ‘flute’) + belgur (sac).
 * bænahöll: palace of prayer, a cathedral.
 * Brosmærin: Mona Lisa, the ‘smiling maiden'.
 * djúpmálning: fresco, from ‘djúpur’ (deep) + ‘málning’ (painting).
 * dreyradraugur: vampire, from ‘dreyri’ (blood (from a wound)) + ‘draugur’ (ghost).
 * dreyradrotting: Bloody Mary cocktail, from ‘dreyri’ (blood from a wound) + drottning (queen).
 * dúfuþjónusta: air-mail, from ‘dúfa’ (dove) and ‘þjónusta’ (service). Named after the first form of airmail.
 * efstingi: colonel, derived from the adjective ‘efstur’ (the highest). The existing Icelandic word is a germanism: ‘ofursti’, derived from German ‘oberst’ (upper, highest).
 * eindla, eindlingur: quark, the word 'eind is derived from 'einn' (one) and is the equivalent of the English 'particle' and the suffix '-on' in names of particles: e.g. róteind (proton, root-particle), nifteind (sister-particle). The suffix '-la' or '-lingur' is a diminutive prefix.
 * einhnýðingur: dromadare,composed of ‘einn’ (one) and hnúður (hunch).
 * Eirey: Cyprus, composed of ‘eir’ (copper) and ‘ey’ (island). The name of the metal was derived from Cyprus.
 * eirgyllir: zinc, composed of ‘eir’ (copper) and ‘gyllir’ (goldener).
 * eldvaber: olive, composed of ‘eldvi’ (the High Icelandic word for oil, derived from ‘eldur’ (fire) and ‘vökvi’ (liquid) + ber (berry).
 * eyjakirtill, pancreas, from ‘ey’ (island, referring to the islets of Lagerhans) and ‘kirtill’ (gland).
 * eyktla: quarter of an hour, from 'eykt' (period of three hours, or the time needed by the hour-hand to cover a quarter of the dial plate) and '-la', a diminutive suffix, because the same quarter is covered by the minute-hand in a quarter of an hour. The word is shorter than the existing loan-word 'korter'.
 * eyrnaker: amphora, from ‘eyrna-‘ (genitive plural of ‘eyra’ (ear)) + ker (pot).
 * fallréttur: perpendicular, from ‘falla’ (fall) and ‘réttur’ (straight).
 * fílstrokharpa: double-bass, from ‘fíl’ (elephant) + strokharpa (violin).
 * fjórborð: backgammon, from ‘fjórir’ (four) and ‘borð’ (board). The backgammon board is divided into four parts.
 * fjóreind: alpha-particle, from fjórir (four) and ‘eind’ (particle).
 * fjörveig: whiskey, from ‘fjör’ (vigor, live) and veig (wine, alcoholic beverage). The Gaelic name means ‘water of life’.
 * flatmót: stencil, from ‘flatur’ (flat) + mót (mold).
 * flatverplaborð: domino, from ‘flatverpill’ (domino-stone, from ‘flatur’ (flat) + ‘verpill’ (die)) + borð (board).
 * framandloft: xénon, composed of ‘framand’ (strange) et ‘loft’ (air).
 * frumgormar: DNA, from ‘frum’ (original) + ‘gormar’ (plural of ‘gormur’ (spiral, helix)).
 * freyðikyrgi: cappucchino, composed of the verb ‘freyða’ (foam, lather) and ‘kyrgi’ (The High Icelandic word for ‘coffee’, derived from ‘korgur’ (coffee grounds).
 * funafugl: flamingo, from funi (flame) and fugl (bird).
 * gatnaferjumaður: gondolier, from ‘gatna’ (genitive plural of ‘gata’ (street)) + ferjumaður (ferryman).
 * geimgat: black hole, from 'geimur' (space, universe) and 'gat' (hole).
 * geymslustöpull: silo, from ‘geymsla’ (storage) + ‘stöpull’ (tower).
 * ginnungahvellur: Big Bang. The old prefix 'ginnunga' means both 'big' and 'at the beginning of time' and is one of the most suitable prefix to coin a native Icelandic term for the 'Big Bang'.
 * glaðlauf: chervil, from khairéphyllon, rejoicing leaf.
 * gljábeðmi: cellophane, from gljá- (luster) and ‘beðmi’ (cellulose).
 * Gnáfjöll, Gnæfagnípur: Himalayas, composed of ‘gnár’ (surpassing) and ‘fjöll’ (mountains).
 * gnálendisjöfur: Dalai Lama, from ‘gnálendi (highest highlands, Tibet) and jöfur (king).
 * gnæfingi: giraffe, from 'gnæfur' (jutting out above the rest).
 * grjúpranda: sponge cake, from ‘grjúpur’ (porous) and ‘randa’ (pie).
 * grjúpungur: sponge, from ‘grjúpur’ (porous).
 * Guðbrynmey: Jeanne d’Arc, composed of Guð- (‘God-‘, prefix in Icel. pers. names) + bryn- (‘armored’, prefix in Icel. pers. names) + -mey (‘maiden’, suffix in Icel. fem. pers. names).
 * Guðmey: Mary, from 'Guð' (God and prefix in Icelandic proper names) and '–mey' (virgin and suffix in Icelandic proper names).
 * Guðshersir: Bishop, from ‘guð’ (god) and ‘hersir’ (a noble-man comparable to a count).
 * haðarrúnir: Braille, from 'Höður' (the blind god in Nordic mythology) and 'rún' (rune).
 * háfaðir / hámóðir: abbot / abbess, from hár (high) and ‘faðir / móðir’ (father / mother). Only a compound with ‘hár’ yields trisyllabic compounds like existing loan-words. Other solutions like ‘ýfirmóðir / systrastýra’ are too long.
 * hákóngur: emperor, composed of ‘hár’ (high) and ‘kóngur’ (king).
 * Heimsósæð: Amazone, from ‘heimur’ (world) + ósæð (estuary artery, aorta).
 * Helgi Smári: Patrick, from 'Helgi' (proper name meaning ‘holy’) and 'Smári' (an Icelandic proper name meaning ‘clover’). The clover was the symbol of St Patrick and Ireland.  It symbolized the holy trinity.
 * hetjusæla: héroïne, composed of ‘hetja’ (héros) and ‘sæla’, a word which is sometimes used as the second element in names of hard drugs, e.g. ‘alsæla’ (XTC).
 * Hlautland: Mexico, composed of ‘hlaut’ (sacrificial blood) and ‘land’ (land, country).
 * hljóðla: yodel, from 'hljóða' (cry) with the verbal prefix –la which has a repetitive function and refers to the alternation of high falsetto and low chest notes.
 * hljómkvörn: street organ, from ‘hljómur’ (sound, tone) and ‘kvörn’ (grinder). A street organ is also called ‘grind organ’.
 * Hlynland: Canada, from 'hlynur' (maple) and 'land' (country). The country is named after the maple-leaf in the flag.
 * hnossgarn: silk, from ‘hnoss’ (treasure, gem) + ‘garn’ (yarn).
 * hvellrisi: supernova, from hvellur (bang) and ‘risi’ (giant, giant star).
 * hættuhjól: roulette, from ‘hætta’ (risk) + hjól (wheel).
 * Ilbláland: south africa, composed of Il- (sole) and ‘Bláland’ (Africa or Ethiopia).
 * jarlsteinn: corundum (also sapphire), from ‘jarl’ (earl, the second after the king in medieval Scandinavia) + steinn (stone).
 * kjálkagálkn: crocodile, from 'kjálki' (jaw) and 'gálkn' (monster). The crocodile has the strongest jaws of all living carnivores and its distant ancestor, deinosuchus had the strongest jaws of any animal known to science regardless of time period.  The word has an internal rhyme.  Other High Icelandic synonyms are 'brynmerill' (from 'bryn-', armor and 'merill', from 'mara', float just under the water-surface), 'bakkaskrímsl' (from 'bakki', bank (of a river) and 'skrímsl' (monster)), 'nykureðla' (from 'nykur', hippopotamus and 'eðla', lizard).
 * knattblekungur: ballpoint, composed of ‘knöttur’ (ball) and ‘blek’ (ink) + suffix ‘-ungur’.
 * Njóla og Dagbjartur: Yin and Yang. The feminine personal name ‘Njóla’ means ‘night’ and masculine personal name ‘Dagbjartur’ means ‘brightness of day’.
 * kóngaborð: chess, from 'kóngur' (king) and 'borð' (board).
 * kóngssteinn: diamond, from ‘kóngur’ (king) + steinn (stone).
 * kroprann: mosque, derived from the verb ‘krjúpa’ (kneel). The second element ‘rann’ is an old word for ‘house’.
 * kyrgisbeiskja: caffeine, from ‘kyrgi’ (coffee, derived from ‘korgur’) and ‘beiskja’ (bitter, alkaloid).
 * kæliblöðungur: peppermint, composed of the verb ‘kæla’ (cool, refresh) and ‘blöðungur’, derived from ‘blað’ (leaf).
 * Langahaf: atlantic Ocean, composed of ‘langur’ (long) and ‘haf’ (sea). The atlantic is the longest sea.
 * laufsoð: tea, from ‘lauf’ (leaves) + soð (broth).
 * leggskó: boot, from ‘leggur’ (leg) + ‘skór’ (shoe).
 * lífssáld: natural selection, from ‘líf’ (life) and ‘sáld’ (sieve). Natural selection is ofter compared to an imaginary ‘sieve’.
 * líft: oxygen, the word ‘líf’ integrated in ‘loft’ (air). The name originates from the term ‘vital air’, a word coined by the British chemist Robert Boyle.
 * limskylmingar: karate, from limur (limb) and ‘skylmingar’ (fencing). The use of these two words is an alternative way to express meaning of the japanese word: ‘art of the empty (unarmed) hand’.
 * lofsveigur: laurel wreath. From ‘lof’ (praise) and ‘sveigur’ (wretah).
 * lofviður: laurel, composed of ‘lof’ (praise) and ‘viður’ (tree, wood).
 * Miðvesturfljót: The Midwest River, the Mississippi.
 * mjólkurbaun: soybean, from ‘mjólk’ (milk) + ‘baun’ (bean).
 * mjólkurhnot (or ‘loðhnot’): coconut, from ‘mjólk’ (milk) and ‘hnot’ (nut) or ‘loð’ (hair, fur) and ‘hnot’ (nut). The compound ‘coconut milk’ translates as ‘hnotumjólk’ or ‘loðhnotumjólk’.
 * mógætisranda: chocolate pie, from ‘mógæti’ (chocolate) and ‘randa’ (the purely icelandic word for ‘pie’).
 * Morguneyjar: The Morning-Islands, Japan.
 * mundhemill: hand brake, from ‘mund’ (old word for hand) + hemill (brake).
 * Múspellsmilska: Molotov cocktail. The word 'milska' designated a mixture of mead and beer in Old Icelandic and is the most suitable word for 'cocktail'.  The prefix 'Múspell' refers to 'Múspellsheimur', the burning world of 'Surtr', the fire-giant.
 * námshöll: university, from ‘nám’ (study) and ‘höll’ (palace). The word is an extrapolation of ‘námshús’ (school).
 * netskeyti: e-mail, from ‘net’ (net) and ‘skeyti’ (telegram, fast message).
 * niftungur: beta-particle, derived from 'nifteind' (neutron).
 * nýgarn: nylon, because it was the first truly synthetic fiber, developed in the modern ("NÝtísku") age.
 * Nykrafljót: river of hippopotamuses, the Nile.
 * orðaborð: scrabble, from ‘orða-‘ (genitive plural of ‘orð’) + ‘borð’ (board).
 * rákakóngur: tiger, from 'rák' (stripe) and 'kóngur' (king).
 * ratstrákur, rati: boy scout, from ‘rata’ (find one’s way, compare ‘path-finder’) + strákur (boy).
 * rauðgulur: orange, from ‘rauður’ (yellow) + ‘gulur’ (yellow).
 * Rauðheimur: Mars, from ‘rauður’ (red) and ‘heimur’ (world).
 * rauðuþeyti: mayonaise, from ‘rauða’ (yolk) and ‘þeyti’ (emulsion).
 * reiðherji: knight, from ‘reið-‘ (riding) + herji (warrior).
 * (reyk)horn: (smoking-) pipe, from ‘reykur’ (smoke) and ‘horn’ (horn).
 * reyklauf: tobacco, a loan-translation of the Tamil compound: ‘pugaiyilai’, which consists of ‘pugai’ (smoke) and ‘ilai’ (leaf).
 * reyksæla: nicotine, from 'reykur' (smoke) and 'sæla' (happiness, bliss; the word is used in names for different drugs, e.g alsæla (extacy).
 * reyrandi: rhum, from ‘reyr’ (cane) and ‘andi’ (spirit, compare ‘vínandi’ (alcohol)).
 * Roðlandur: Brazil, from ‘roða’ (redden) and ‘land’ (country). Brazil is derived from Portuguese brasil, meaning ember-colored.
 * Roðaborg: Brasilia, from ‘roða’ (redden) and ‘borg’ (town).
 * sandblómsfræ: sesame-seed. The Icelandic name for plants in the sesame family is ‘sandblómaætt’ (Íslenskar lækningajurtir 1992)
 * sálstafur: Psi, from ‘sál’ (psyche) and ‘stafur’ (letter).
 * sigðir: scimitar. This old icelandic word means ‘sword’ and was derived from ‘sigð’ (sickle)
 * sjáaldursbeiskja: atropine, from ‘sjáaldursjurt’ (atropos belladona, so-named because atropin widens the pupils) and 'beiskja' (from beiskjuefni, alkaloid)
 * Sjöhæðir: 'Seven-Hills', Rome.
 * skálpeldur: mustard, composed of ‘skálpur’ (siliqua, a term used for the typical bean-pod of plants in the Brassica family) and ‘eldur’ (fire).
 * skítskeyti: spam, from ‘skít’ (shit) and ‘skeyti’ (telegram, fast message).
 * skotmjöl: gun-powder, from ‘skot-‘ (shooting) + mjöl (flour).
 * skyppill: kangaroo, from the verb ‘skoppa’. The word sounds like ‘skippy’, the nick-name of the kagaroo, but is a purely Icelandic word.
 * Smáraey: Ireland, from ‘smári’ (clover) + ‘ey, eyja’ (island).
 * snæverji (also ‘nyrstingi’ and ‘Eiríks-Lappi’): eskimo, from ‘snær’ (snow) and ‘-verji’ (suffix in names of people).
 * sómaherji: honorable warrior, a samurai.
 * spjaldaleikur: card-game, from ‘spjald’ (card) + leikur (game).
 * spjaldefni: cardboard, from ‘spjald’ (card) + ‘efni’ (matter).
 * sprettvagn: sportscar, from ‘sprettur’ (sprint, burst of energy) + vagn (cart, but sometimes used in the meaning of ‘car’).
 * stálmannsstefna: stalinism. The name Stalin means ‘man of steel’ (Icelandic: stálmaður, stálmanns- in compounds).
 * strirningur: Pound Sterling. The English ‘sterling’ is a diminutive of ‘star’, like ‘stirningur’ in Icelandic.
 * stundsjá: clock, from stund (hour, moment) and sjá (-scope).
 * suðstrengjungur: sitar (Indian instrument), from ‘suða’ (hum) + ‘strengur’ (string).
 * surtsblóð: tabasco, from ‘Surtr’ (fire-giant of Múspellsheimr) and ‘blóð’ (blood).
 * Systurvetrarbrautin: Andromeda Nebula, from ‘systur’ (sister) et ‘vetrarbraut’ (galaxy).
 * sætungur: sugar, from ‘sætur’ (sweet).
 * Þakland: 'roof-land', Tibet
 * Þorrifljót: Rio de Janeiro, from ‘þorri’ (January) and ‘fljót’ (river)
 * tíðniafstæði: Doppler effect, from 'tíðni' (frequency) and 'afstæði' (relativity). Alternatively the Doppler-effect could be called ‘frequency-relativity’.
 * toglúður: trombone, from ‘toga‘ (pull) and ‘lúður’ (horn, trumpet).
 * tyngla: uvala, diminutive from ‘tunga’ (tongue).
 * töggur: caramel (old neologism).
 * úlnungur: wrist-watch, from ‘úln’ in ‘úlnliður’.
 * vandsveinn: fascist, the same word is used for a lictor, a Roman official who bore an ax and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office.
 * vélag: sect, the word ‘vé’ (sanctuary) integrated in the word ‘félag’ (society).
 * veltafugl: dodo, from Dutch walgfogel, from ‘velta’ (wallow) and ‘fugl’ (fowl).
 * Verblaka: Batman, from ‘ver’ (man) and ‘-blaka’ used in names of different bat-species (leðurblökur).
 * verhafur (but also ‘klaufvættur’ and ‘bósapúki): satyr, from ‘ver’ (man) and ‘hafur’ (buck).
 * verulíki: virtual reality. The ending ‘-leiki’ in  ‘veruleiki’ (reality) is replaced by ‘líki’ which is equivalent with English suffix ‘-oid’.
 * Vindís: Venus. The Icelandic ‘vinur’ and Latin ‘Venus’ are related.
 * vængálfur: angel, from ‘vængur’ (wing) and ‘álfur’ (elf).
 * yrmildi: caterpillar, the word ‘ormur’ (worm) molded after ‘fiðrildi’ (butterfly).
 * ýborð: go (chinese board-game), from ‘ýr’ (yew) and ‘borð’ (board). Traditional go-boards are made from the Japanese nut-yew.
 * ýtglíma: sumo, from ‘ýta’ (push, shove, thrust) + glíma (wrestling).
 * þengisblár: violet, from ‘þengi’ (iodine) and ‘blár’ (blue).
 * þjálefni: plactic, from ‘þjall’ (flexible) and ‘efni’ (matter)
 * þjóðherji: nazi. In this construction, the suffix ‘herji-‘ (militant) replances the suffix –verji in ‘þjóðverji’ (German).  The first element ‘þjóð’ also means ‘nation’.
 * Þurrgarður: Sahara, comosed of ‘þurr’ (sec, aride) and ‘garður’ in the old meaning of ‘world’ (e.g. ‘Miðgarðr’).
 * öskungur: human being, from Askur, name of the first man in Nordic mythology.
 * ökvi: gasoline (vökvi (liquid) + öku- (driving)

Native names of large numerals

 * miklund: million. From 'mikil-hund-rað'.  The adjective 'mikill' is a translation of Greek 'megas', which is the Greek etymological and semantical equivalent.
 * þursund: billion. From 'þurs-hund-rað'.  The word 'þurs' means 'giant' and is a translation of 'giga-' (which is related to English 'giant'.)

The names of the following three magnitudes of thousand are coined by employing 'þús-' (from þúsund, denoting a thousand units) and 'þurs-' (from þursund, denoting a billion units): þús-þursund (thousand times a billion), þurs-miklund (A billion times a million) and þurs-þursund (a billion times a billion).

For numbers larger than 1018 the formula 'X-mælt þúsund' is employed. The origin of this method can be found in the Íslensk Orðsifjabók (Icelandic etymological dictionary), where the entry 'kvinkvilljón' (1030) is explained as 'fimmmælt milljón'.

title: High Icelandic


text:
User:Starchildmom/Lapbook

= A Guide to Lapbooking =

Introduction
For Homeschoolers and Other Educators

Lapbooking in its most basic form is an educational tool where the student makes small foldables, miniature books, or other small paper activities and places them in a specially folded file folder to accompany a unit study. The paper miniatures are often referred to as minits. Lapbooking, however does not need to be limited to file folders as you will see in the coming chapters. The how-to pages are heavily illustrated with photos making the instructions easy to follow. A young child from about pre-school age to around seven years-old will need adult help in completing the minits. An older child, from about age 8 up, will likely be able to complete minits on his/her own.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Starchildmom/Lapbook


text:
Quest for Glory/Quest for Glory III

Introduction
Quest for Glory III:Wages of War is the third game in the series. It's a bit of an oddball title: the other games are based on a gradual progression of the seasons, from spring in Spielburg, to summer in Shapier, fall in Mordavia, and Winter in the mediterranean Silmaria. Quest for Glory III also breaks the continuity from the last game, where the promised sequel was Quest for Glory III: Shadows of Darkness, with a title and plot eventually to be re-used in the next game. It also violates a few conventions from the other titles, since the game contains no thieves guild and the plot is much more linear--based around travelling between feuding cities. That said, it's still a nice break between Shapier and Mordavia, and worth playing in its own right.

Like most Sierra games based on an SCI engine timing issues can make this game difficult to play on modern computers. Patches have been developed by the Sierra fan community however, to deal with these issues. If you intend to play this game on a modern computer, apply the patch from the previous link and I would strongly recommend using an emulator for older drivers such as VDMSound or DOSBox

The interface is a slight extension of the standard Sierra three verb interface, with icons for looking, using, and talking to objects in gameplay. Talking to people may lead to a conversation tree where you can click the mouth icon on yourself or the other character to tell or ask about a subject, and sometimes using an object will lead to a list of possible ways to interact with it. Most of the puzzles are triggered by using the right item or skill to solve them, although some events are only triggered by solving seemingly unrelated quests, such as visiting the goddess at the Temple in Tarna causing the leopard woman to show up. Very few puzzles are knowledge-based, or require you to obtain some information or exhaust the conversation trees of people in the game to move forward.

In addition to solving puzzles, you'll also have to engage in combat and work on perfecting your skills. You will have two or three gauges of health depending upon your character class. All character classes have Health Points and Stamina. Your health points determine how much damage you can take, and are decreased when you suffer damage in battle or gameplay situations. Losing all your health points kills you and ends the game. Your stamina determines how many actions you can perform, every time you perform an action it consumes a little bit of stamina. Performing actions which require stamina drains it and if you run out of stamina doing strenuous activity like running will lower your health. Some actions in battle can not be performed without sufficient stamina as well. Wizards also have mana points, which determine how many spells can be cast, each one draining a set amount of mana. If you are poisoned your health will drop steadily until it wears off or you cure yourself, and you also need to rest and get meals at the inn or eat rations to keep your character from starving or dying of exhaustion.

Your abilities and the ways you solve puzzles will vary with your character class. Fighters generally have to rely on brute force, and using strength and fighting monsters to clear their way through things. Thieves will rely on picking locks and breaking into places, using stealth to avoid notice, or disarming traps. Magic Users will want to use spells from a distance generally and find some creative application of magic to get through a situation. Paladins share traits in common with Fighters and Magic Users, and will generally take an approach more similar to Fighters, but they also get more helpful abilities at their disposal and have the ability to participate in more sidequests.

The game also uses a time-sensitive system where the game transitions between different hours of the day and night. You can rest for an hour at a time to recover some health, stamina, and mana, and you can go sleep for the night to restore all your stats. Most activities can only be done during the day, since that's when most of the people you might want to talk to will be awake, although there are a couple night owls you might want to meet. Time passes extremely quickly while travelling, and you may be best off building a fire with a flame dart spell or a tinderbox at night to avoid getting woken up by monsters when you may be low on health or vulnerable. Keeping a large number of rations is also essential for making long trips across the world map.

General Advice
If you're finding some of the puzzles or battles too difficult, you can adjust the skills slider in the menu all the way down. Equipping yourself with magic regardless of character class will give you a backup arsenal to rely on, although you may want to import it to have a decent selection of spells. The most important things to keep in mind are to rest at night, stay stocked up on healing pills and rations from the Apothecary and meat-seller in Tarna, and save regularly.

Surviving in Tarna
Food and Shelter:

You'll need to buy rations from the dog at the bazaar in Tarna, make sure you bargain him down to the cheapest possible amount, he'll take anything. Don't make the amateur mistake of not storing enough rations then getting stuck miles away from Tarna. Rakeesh should cover the expense of your stay in Tarna, and you can rest for free in the Simbani village. It should also be safe to rest at the pond on the second world map screen and the giant tree on the third. Anywhere else and you'll need to build a fire, and you may still be attacked during the night in some places.

Combat/Survival:

Stocking up on pills from the apothecary in Tarna is essential, other than that just save your game often, run away from the rhinos, and don't go picking any fights when you're too weak.

Monsters:

(Daytime) (Day/Night) (Night)

Building up your Skills
Strength. Strength can also be increased by most activities involving physical exertion or consuming stamina, including running and fighting.

Attributes such as Vitality can be increased by taking damage and engaging in combat, Intelligence can be increased by casting spells and solving puzzles, Communication is increased by talking to people, and Agility is increased by most any thief related action or dodging, balancing on the bridge is also useful to build this skill. Luck is increased by most random events including combat.

The easiest way to practice the Climbing skill is to simply click the hand icon on any of the trees in the forest which allow themselves to be climbed, you'll consume a little stamina and by rapidly clicking them you can build up your climbing stat.

The best way to build your Throwing skill is to practice on the large target in the Simbani village with your daggers. Buy a large number of them in the Tarna bazaar, and throw them all at once at the target. You'll be able to pick them all up extremely fast and throw them at the target just be clicking very quickly, and it'll let you build up your throwing and strength in a flash. Much faster than throwing the spears.

Pick locks. Frankly, I can't remember any locks which need to be picked in the whole game off the top of my head.

Stealth is hard to build up, but going to the character menu and choosing to sneak will gradually increase it.

Combat based skills such as Dodge, Parry, and Weapon Use can be increased by going into combat and doing those moves repeatedly.

Magic Users can increase Magic just by casting any spell and can level up any spell by casting it repeatedly. The only spells which are really worth levelling up at all are the combat based spells which do damage, namely zap, flame dart, force bolt, and lightning ball.

Honor is important for Paladins and their abilities and a convenient measure of your moral scale for everyone else. Honor can be increased by doing simple honorable things like helping people, completing major tasks, or even fighting monsters. It can be decreased by stealing from people or harming innocents. One easy way to increase honor is to keep offering food or money to the thief at night in Tarna.

For a more detailed list of spells and abilities, see the main Quest for Glory page.

Walkthrough
Quest for Glory/Quest for Glory III/Walkthrough

Story
Quest for Glory III Plot

title: Quest for Glory/Quest for Glory III


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User talk:24.254.152.215

Come introduce yourself at the new users page. If you have any questions, you can ask there or contact me personally.

Also, you should try to become familiar with how MediaWiki works: A red link is a link to a page that hasn't been created yet, which is why How-to:Perform CPR was a blank page - blue links go to pages that have material. There is also a fairly in-depth guide on CPR at First Aid/CPR. --Xerol Oplan 23:13, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:24.254.152.215


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Talk:High Icelandic

Warning about POV issues
Please refer to our policy here: Neutral point of view

It is a point of view that a language should be pure, and not everybody will have this same point of view. A Wikipedia article on this topic is found here to compare: High Icelandic  Please also note the discussion on the talk page for this Wikipedia article as well:  w:Talk:High Icelandic. This brings out most of my concern here for this Wikibook as well.

I'm not throwing up the ugly NPOV tag on this page, because I don't think it needs it right now. This is mainly just a warning that perhaps the content could drift toward a NPOV violation and you need to be careful. Otherwise, please continue to develop this content as best as you can. You might want to get some ideas from the German and French Wikibooks in terms of style and how some outstanding language books have been put together. --Rob Horning 04:11, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

 * NPOV issues have not been addressed. I've added the NPOV tag. --Swift 18:52, 30 July 2006 (UTC)

I don't intend to write a book on this subject any longer. The author84.194.255.210 23:25, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Perhaps this article should be transferred to wikipedia as an article as it will not continue as a book?

title: Talk:High Icelandic


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User talk:Tmchale

Image copyright problem: Image:200px-Travels_charley.jpg
You recently uploaded Image:200px-Travels_charley.jpg, a picture of the front cover of the book, Travels With Charley. However, you neglected to specify copyright or license information for the image. All images require permission from the copyright holder under a free license, unless fair use applies, and you need to give this information. Images without a free license or fair use become deleted.

My guess is that you did not have permission or license to include the front cover image into Wikibooks. Therefore, you need to determine if fair use applies, then
 * Edit the image page and add a copyright tag such as fairuse
 * or request for, or otherwise wait for, the removal and deletion of the images.

Sorry if this is a problem, but as the uploader of the image, you are best positioned to defend the image against deletion, should you want to do so. --Kernigh 05:37, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

I also marked nearly every other image on the Travels With Charley: In Search of America as no license, and one I marked as a copyright violation of http://www.pecos-tx.org/ ... Did you read the Upload file page when you uploaded the images? It says:

'''Most images on the internet are copyrighted and are not appropriate for uploading to Wikibooks. You also cannot modify them and upload them here.'''

I am suspicious of all of your images, because one is from http://www.pecos-tx.org/ and that web site does not use a free license (such as our GNU Free Documentation License or a Creative Commons Attribution or Attribution-ShareAlike license) and does not appear to be in the public domain. However, if anyone gave you free license on one of the images, please save that image and add a license tag.

Please be more careful when uploading images. You are welcome to continue contributing to Wikibooks. --Kernigh 06:40, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Thanks. I'll take care of the images. The book picture (and two others) were taken off of Wikipedia. Shouldn't they be governed by the free documentation license?

title: User talk:Tmchale


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User talk:Jarrad

Just a note to say that your entry on AIM Password Cracking has been removed as it falls outside the scope of wikibooks. Generally writing texts that encourage or aid illegal activity (even with "please do not do this" caveats) is not permitted on wikibooks. If you would like this page to be undeleted temporarily (for up to a week) to allow you to copy the text, please let me know, Jguk 06:41, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jarrad


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Talk:Acoustics

Proposed name change
I'd like to change all the subpages of this book so that they begin with "Acoustics/" rather than "Acoustics:" to make it in line with the current naming convention. I trust such a change won't be controversial, but note it here in advance to allow for comments, Jguk 07:02, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Science and Technology
I support distinguishing science from technology. Technology changes rapidly from month to month; yesterday's technology will be obsolete tomorrow. Scientific principles may grow in complexity and understanding, but never lose validity. Understanding science requires studying mathematics and acquiring knowledge slowly but surely, in the form of laws and theories; but understanding technology requires following trademarks, products, licensing, and copyrighted names and details which apply primarily to commercial products. Technology, while important, is expensive. Science is free. Technology is driven by the motive of making profits. Science is open and motivated by intellectual curiosity. But above all, when people are seeking information, they can usually determine in advance which they are looking for, and making this elementary distinction helps them decide, and information providers determine, where it belongs. The distinction may involve complications, but I believe it's worthwhile. D021317c 05:40, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

 * I don't understand the point or purpose of your comment... Can you please make the connection? Stevenmitchell (discuss • contribs) 20:03, 17 June 2011 (UTC)

Support name change
Agree with Jguk that Acoustics/ is better, considering current conventions. Wildtornado 06:28, 1 May 2007 (UTC)

Featured Books getting vandalised
Why not show the approved versions of books (rather than the drafts) that have links from the main page so that the vandalism is not as noticeable

Duplicated topics
Many chapters of this book were simply copied from an earlier book called "Engineering Acoustics" with no reference or acknowledgement. The chapters were cosmetically altered but are obviously copies of the original. This is plagierism, and there should be something to prevent such thing. The chapters in question should have been replaced by links to the original page. The authors would have been better off editing the original and cleaning it up.

PDF
I would like to request that a PDF version of this book be made. It would be very useful.

DONE --Dirk Hünniger (discuss • contribs) 10:22, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

No References, Citations or even a Bibliography
Why would this book have been recommended as an open book? There are no references, no citations or notes - not even a bibliography. As mentioned above by a contributor under the section entitled "duplicated topics", that user believes that this is information hijacked from a book entitled, "engineering acoustics". I have no idea if that is correct or not, but the fact that it uses or cites no references whatsoever, should be alarming to Wikipedia, especially for it to be a "featured book". Without any form of reference, the likelihood to have been plagiarized at the very least in parts if not all is very high... For any writing to take place, there are source materials that provide the base of the article or book. Who writes an authoritative non-fiction text without sources? No one. This should have been a red flag to Wikipedia... Stevenmitchell (discuss • contribs) 20:25, 17 June 2011 (UTC)

Music production
This excellent book and its subject material would be extremely important--some might say vital--to music producers and audio engineers as well as to physicists. As it crosses a boundary between two very distinct fields (one an art, one a science) I think it should be listed in the musical category, as well as tucked away in the sciences. I hope this will make sense, and that I'm not stepping on any toes by already making the appropriate change. I am a new Wikibookian and just want to give assurance that I'm not just editing away senselessly.--AJRussell (discuss • contribs) 23:25, 22 July 2011 (UTC)

Similarity to Engineering Acoustics
Some of the pages in this book appear to have been copy-pasted from Engineering Acoustics by 82.67.9.77 and Booby, for example: Acoustics/Acoustics in Violins and Engineering Acoustics/Acoustics in Violins, Acoustics/Sealed Box Subwoofer Design and Engineering Acoustics/Sealed Box Subwoofer Design, Acoustics/Noise from Cooling Fans and Engineering Acoustics/Noise from cooling fans, etc.

It seems redundant to have the exact same content on both books. In fact I'm not sure what the difference between the two books is, as both go into a fair amount of technical information. Sonicwave32 (discuss • contribs) 19:56, 11 October 2018 (UTC)

title: Talk:Acoustics


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Wikijunior:Languages/Sanskrit

What writing system(s) does this language use?
Sanskrit is written in the Devanagari script, one of the oldest writing systems in the world. Some other languages such as Hindi and Marathi are also written in Devanagari, but Sanskrit is the first language to use this writing system. Originally Sanskrit was not a written language, and when it started being written, a number of different scripts were used initially, until Devanagari became the standard.

How many people speak this language?
A little more than two hundred thousand (200,000) people in the world can speak Sanskrit very well. Sanskrit is an old language and is mostly used by priests and scholars of old texts including many religious ones. Many people know at least a little Sanskrit because of the importance it has to other Indian languages and the Hindu religion.

Where is this language spoken?
Sanskrit was used widely in ancient times, but nowadays there are very few areas in the world where this language is spoken. It was invented in India, and some communities in India still speak in Sanskrit. Many Asian Buddhists can also speak Sanskrit. It is found in Hindu holy writings and hymns. It is known to be used regularly in some areas in South India, though. In many remote villages in India Sanskrit is spoken even today. Sanskrit is the official language of the Indian state of Uttarakhand.

What is the history of this language?
There are many theories to how Sanskrit came into existence. One of them is about an Aryan migration from the west into India who brought their language with them. Sanskrit is an ancient language and is comparable to the Latin language spoken in Europe. The earliest known book in the world was written in Sanskrit. After the compilation of Upanishads, Sanskrit just faded due to hierarchy. Sanskrit is a very complex and rich language, which has served to be the source for many modern Indian languages, just like Latin is the source for European languages like French and Spanish.

Sanskrit was considered a high-level language and was spoken by officials, kings, noblemen, etc. It was difficult for the common man to comprehend Sanskrit. Sanskrit eventually became almost extinct, but it was kept alive by holy men, scholars, and Buddhists.

Who are some famous authors or poets in this language?
Many ancient writers such as Vyasa, Valmiki, Kalidasa, Bhasa, Bhartruhari, and Chanakya wrote in Sanskrit. It is a rich language and they became famous for enriching it further. The great Hindu epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata, are written in Sanskrit, as are the Vedas, Upanishads, and Subhashitratnani.

Sanskrit
कर्मण्येवाधिकारस्ते मा फलेषु कदाचन। मा कर्मफलहेतुर्भूर्मा ते सङ्गोस्त्वकर्मणि॥ —श्रीमद्भगवद्गीता (२:४७)

In English letters
karmany evadhikaras te ma phaleshu kadachana ma karma-phala-hetur bhur ma te sango 'stv akarmani —Shri Bhagvatgita (Chapter 2 verse 47)

English Translation
Your right is to work only, But never to its fruits; Let not the fruits of action be thy motive, Nor let thy attachment be to inaction. —Shri Bhagvatgita (2:47)

English meaning

 * karmani—prescribed duties
 * eva—certainly
 * adhikarah—right
 * te—of you
 * ma—never
 * phaleshu—in the fruits
 * kadachana—at any time
 * ma—never
 * karma-phala—in the result of the work
 * hetuh—cause
 * bhuh—become
 * ma—never
 * te—of you
 * sangah—attachment
 * astu—be there
 * akarmani—in not doing.

title: Wikijunior:Languages/Sanskrit


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User:Yolcu

Yolcu in Wikipedia Turkish

title: User:Yolcu


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Wikijunior talk:Big Cats/Meet The Cats

If this text is for school age children, it is important to maintain simple sentence and paragraph structure. It is also more important to use accurate language than flamboyant language. It troubles me that I had to struggle with a few of the sentences here. I've got a heck of a lot of education and if I can't determine the meaning of a sentence, I doubt that a school kid could. For instance, what is the following non-sentence really trying to say:
 * Specialist cats like African servals that catch birds and rodents using their unique talents, aerial acrobats like the South American margay and rugged adventurers like the sand cat that eke out a living under difficult conditions.

I can't tell which activity or quality refers to which creature. The details are open ended. Off the top of my head, I can't recall the hunting styles of these small wild cats. This "description" doesn't help me.

I'm not saying that the writing in this article is incoherent or unintelligible. Just that we all need to keep working to make this very worth-while project succeed.Ande 09:42, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

What cat rules the European continent? About three times on the 'Meet the Cats' page, it is mentioned that they are found in all continents except Australia (and sometimes Antarctica). Perhaps the English lion is included.

Also, didn't Australia have a Tasmanian Tiger or some such? ~ Apostrophyx

I definitely see a need for a revision and the elimination of some of the unneccesary parts of this introduction. For one thing I found the first paragraph a little confusing. (Maybe it's me?) Also the first few sentances of the paragraphs should be an introduction to the main point of the paragraph. Nice work though! Khsater 03:18, 3 August 2006 (UTC)

Hii inchi na ya nani?
Any idea what language this is or what part of Africa it's from? It seems pretty vague to just say "In Africa...." Wasabe3543 14:23, 28 June 2007 (UTC)

 * According to http://www.xrce.xerox.com/cgi-bin/mltt/LanguageGuesser it is Swahili. -- xixtas talk 23:26, 5 July 2007 (UTC)

title: Wikijunior talk:Big Cats/Meet The Cats


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Talk:Meteorology/Heat and the Atmosphere

Topics available on this site is properly illestrated and explained. Thanks


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Embedded Systems/ARM Microprocessors

The ARM architecture is a widely used 32-bit RISC processor architecture. In fact, the ARM family accounts for about 75% of all 32-bit CPUs, and about 90% of all embedded 32-bit CPUs. ARM Limited licenses several popular microprocessor cores to many vendors (ARM does not sell physical microprocessors). Originally ARM stood for Advanced RISC Machines.

Some cores offered by ARM:
 * ARM7TDMI
 * ARM9
 * ARM11

Some examples of ARM based processors:

 * Intel X-Scale (PXA-255 and PXA-270), used in Palm PDAs
 * Philips LPC2000 family (ARM7TDMI-S core), LPC3000 family (ARM9 core)
 * Atmel AT91SAM7 (ARM7TDMI core)
 * ST Microelectronics STR710 (ARM7TDMI core)
 * Freescale MCIMX27 series (ARM9 core)

The lowest-cost ARM processors (in the LPC2000 series) have dropped below US$ 5 in ones, which is less than the cost of many 16-bit and 8-bit microprocessors.

Thumb calling convention
In ARM Thumb code, the 16 registers r0 - r15 typically have the same roles they have in all ARM code:

 * r0 - r3, called a1 - a4: argument/scratch/result registers.
 * r4 - r9, called v1 - v6: variables
 * r10, called sl: stack limit
 * r11, called fp: frame pointer (usually not used in Thumb code)
 * r12, called ip
 * r13, called sp: stack pointer
 * r14, called lr: link register
 * r15, called pc: the program counter

The standard C calling convention for ARM Thumb is:

Subroutine-preserved registers
When the return address is placed in pc (r15), returning from the subroutine, the sp, fp, sl, and v1-v6 registers must contain the same values they did when the subroutine was called.

The stack
Every execution environment has a limit to how low in memory the stack can grow -- the "minimum sp".

In order to give interrupts (which may occur at any time) room to work, at every instant the memory between sp and the "minimum sp" must contain nothing of value to the executing program.

Systems where the application and its library support code is responsible for detecting and handling stack overflow are called "explicit stack limit". In such systems, the sl register must always point at least 256 bytes higher address than the "minimum sp".

Caller-preserved registers
A subroutine is free to clobber a1-a4, ip, and lr.

Return values
If the subroutine returns a simple value no bigger than one word, the value must be in a1 (r0).

If the subroutine returns a simple floating-point value, the value is encoded in a1; or {a1, a2}; or {a1, a2, a3}, whichever is sufficient to hold the full precision.

A typical subroutine
The simplest entry and exit sequence for Thumb functions is:

ARM calling convention
The standard C calling convention for ARM is specified in detail by ARM PLC.

The simplest entry and exit sequence for 32-bit ARM functions is very similar to Thumb functions:

Using alternate mnemonics for the same instructions,

The BL (branch-and-link) instruction stores the return address in the link register LR (r14) and loads the program counter PC (r15) with the subroutine address. Typical subroutines (as shown above) immediately push that return address onto the stack. That frees up r14 so that the subroutine can call sub-subroutines of its own.

Subroutine-preserved registers
Typically r4-r11 are used to hold local variables of the currently-executing routine.

The registers r4-r11 are "subroutine-preserved registers" -- When the subroutine places the return address in pc (r15), returning from the subroutine, the registers r4-r11 and the stack pointer sp (r13) must contain the same values they did when the subroutine was called.

Typical subroutines (as shown above) immediately push the values of those registers onto the stack. That frees up r4-r11 to hold local variables of the currently-executing subroutine.

Optimizing ARM compilers save and restore the precise subset of r4-r11 and r14 (if any) actually modified by that subroutine, since it is a little slower (but otherwise harmless) to save and restore registers that are unused by that subroutine.

scratch registers
A subroutine is free to clobber r0-r3, r12, and the link register lr (r14).

The first four registers r0-r3 are used to pass argument values into a subroutine and to return a result value from a function.

Mixed ARM32 and Thumb calls
Normal function calls are easy with the BL instruction. A person types

and the assembler and linker will automatically Do the Right Thing -- inserting the appropriate (32-bit-long) ARM32 BL instruction for ARM32-to-ARM32 or ARM32-to-Thumb call or the appropriate (32-bit-long) Thumb BL instruction for Thumb-to-Thumb or Thumb-to-ARM32 instruction.

(Some mixed calls and some long branches require the linker to insert code that overwrites scratch register r12 with a temporary value. Exactly how the linker does that can be confusing, especially when you mix in using the BX and BLX instructions. )

For further reading

 * Embedded Systems/Assembly Language
 * Embedded_Systems/Mixed_C_and_Assembly_Programming
 * the ARM microcontroller wiki
 * "ARM Overview" at the OS Dev wiki
 * Whirlwind Tour of ARM Assembly
 * GCC ARM Improvement Project at the University of Szeged
 * The ARM Linux Project: Linux for all ARM based machines
 * ARM
 * ARM developers discussion forums
 * ARM Cortex-M3 Technical Reference Manual
 * ARM Assembler by Richard Murray

title: Embedded Systems/ARM Microprocessors


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Conlang/Intermediate/Grammar/Adjectives and adverbs

Nouns and verbs are great, but sooner or later you'll want to start describing them; sure, you've got a fruit, but what colour is it? What shape is it? Is it hard or soft? How bouncy is it? To answer questions like these you'll probably want some adjectives.

Agreement
Everyone learns in school that adjectives are words that describe a noun. Because of their close relationship with nouns, many languages will force their adjectives to "agree" with the noun they're modifying. Most of the time this means that adjectives will have different forms depending on the form of their noun. Adjectives can agree with any of the details that we discussed back in nominal morphology: Case, Number, Gender, or anything else that a language might decide to mark on its nouns.

In English, we have nothing like this, so just to make it a little easier to understand here's an example of how English verbs and nouns inflect to match each other.

*The horses eats an apple.

To any English speaker, that sounds incorrect. The problem is that "horses" is a plural word, and "eats" is the third person singular verb "to eat". To make this correct you would have to change the noun to its singular form:

The horse eats an apple.

The other possibility would be to change "eats" to a plural:

The horses eat an apple.

Now that's slightly awkward because it means a bunch of horses are eating one apple, but it's grammatically correct. In many languages, adjectives have to match nouns in the same way that English verbs have to match their subjects. Let's pretend that English had adjectival inflection for a moment. What would it look like?

Singular noun phrases (remember "noun phrases" from earlier?) could look just as they do in real-world English: "solid table", "happy child", "brown dog", "tall woman". Suppose that plural noun phrases had the plural ending "-s" on adjectives: "solids tables", "happys children", "browns dogs", "talls women" — these would all be correct in this hypothetical version of English. The adjectives would become "plural" along with the nouns they modified.

Don't get the impression that the affix that is added to the adjective has to look the same as the one that is added to the noun. I could have said that our hypothetical English has plural adjectives ending with "-pa"; "solidpa tables", "happypa children", &c. It's just that "-s" is a very natural sounding suffix in English.

Returning to reality, languages that have agreement on their adjectives include Greek, Latin, Polish, and Russian. Esperanto is an example of a conlang which does this too: alta viro (a tall man), altaj viroj (tall men). Some languages, such as German, have a complex system of adjectival endings which depend on the gender, number and case of the noun, as well as what type of determiner, if any, precedes the adjective. (Determiners are words like 'a', 'the', 'this', 'all', 'my' etc.)

ein großer Mann "a tall man" der große Mann "the tall man" eine große Frau "a tall woman" die große Frau "the tall woman" ein großes Haus "a big house" das große Haus "the big house" Ich sehe einen großen Mann "I see a tall man."

Remember, any concept that can be marked on the noun can also be agreed with by the adjective, so be inventive. In your own language you may choose to have a similarly complex system, a simple system, or no adjective inflections at all.

Comparison
The most common kind of inflection that is found only on adjectives, rather than applied to adjectives in agreement with nouns, is comparison. In English, we have three different "degrees" of comparison; positive, comparative, and superlative.

Comparison is a way that two nouns that both possess a certain quality (specified by an adjective) can be compared. Many Indo-European languages have this three-degree system; in some languages, as in English, some words are inflected, some have distinct words for the different forms while others have their comparative forms marked with separate particles. Here's a table of some of the English forms:

There are other possibilities, as well. A system of augmentative or diminutive affixes might be used for both nouns and adjectives, and take the place of comparative forms; so the same affix might turn "hill" into "mountain" and "strong" into "stronger" or "very strong". There might be only two, or more than three degrees of comparison in the system.

Adverbs
Most people think of adverbs as being just like adjectives except that they help to describe verbs instead of nouns. But actually, adverbs can be used to describe more than just verbs:

 * Verb     : "She ran quickly."
 * Adjective : "The ball is definitely red."
 * Sentence : "Naturally, he did what he could."

This apparent versatility comes from the fact that adverbs are a "catch-all" category. That is, when people find a word that isn't a noun, verb, or other known part of speech they'll usually call it an adverb regardless of whether it can be used to describe verbs.

Distinction of verbs, adjectives, and adverbs
In English, French, Greek and many other Indo-European languages it makes sense to describe verbs, adjectives, and adverbs as three different "parts of speech". But in some languages, like German or Turkish, adjectives and adverbs are essentially the same part of speech; the same word in the same form can modify a noun or a verb, if it makes sense to do so. For example, in English we use an adjective like "fast" to describe nouns and an adverb like "swiftly" to describe verbs, but German uses the word "schnell" for both.

In some other languages, there is no distinct category of adjectives as opposed to verbs; the meanings expressed by adjectives in English, Greek and so forth are expressed by stative intransitive verbs. Esperanto allows modifier root words to be inflected as adjectives, adverbs or stative verbs as the speaker thinks suitable:

Li kuras rapide "He runs quickly"    (adverb) Li estas rapida "He is quick"        (adjective) Li rapidas     "He quicks (hurries)" (stative verb)


text:
Talk:Learn Electronics/Microprocessors

I note that this page needs attention. What would you like? I could expand the example, but details about this (1982?) microprocessor are unlikely to be modern enough to be useful here. Do you want an example related to the Z80 microprocessor? How much detail?

QUITTNER 142.150.49.166 19:01, 7 April 2006 (UTC) ---

title: Talk:Learn Electronics/Microprocessors


text:
User:Tyler Oderkirk

Please see my Wikipedia user page.

title: User:Tyler Oderkirk


text:
Talk:Beekeeping/Guide to Essential Oils

I was wondering about Melissa officinalis aka Lemon Balm or Bee Balm? Named Melissa after the Greek word for bee, I've read that it has been used since ancient times much like this article describes the use of Lemon grass. It's bee "attractiveness" is mentioned in the Wikipedia article on Lemon balm.

69.181.101.111 19:11, 7 April 2006 (UTC) Wade Leschyn

title: Talk:Beekeeping/Guide to Essential Oils


text:
Cookbook:Crab Cakes

| American Cuisine

This recipe is a modified version of a crab cake recipe found at Chefs.com.

Crab cakes

 * 1 lb (450 g) crabmeat or imitation crabmeat
 * 1 cup Italian-style breadcrumbs
 * ¼ cup mayonnaise
 * 1 tsp ground mustard
 * 1 tsp Worcestershire sauce
 * 1 egg
 * Salt to taste
 * Pepper to taste
 * 3 cups vegetable oil

Sauce

 * 1 cup mayonnaise
 * 2 tsp Worcestershire sauce
 * 2 tsp capers, chopped
 * 1 tsp minced garlic
 * 1 lemon, juiced
 * ½ tsp lemon zest

Procedure

 * 1) Combine crabmeat, Italian style breadcrumbs, mayonnaise, mustard, Worcestershire sauce, egg, salt, and pepper in a medium bowl for the cakes.
 * 2) In a separate bowl, combine remaining ingredients, except the oil, to make the sauce.
 * 3) Shape crab cake mix into 3-inch (7.5 cm) patties (about 2 per serving) or smaller for appetizer-size.
 * 4) Add oil to a skillet.
 * 5) Pan fry the cakes for 3–4 minutes on each side or until golden brown.
 * 6) Remove from skillet and drain on paper towels.
 * 7) Serve cakes topped with the sauce.

title: Cookbook:Crab Cakes


text:
User talk:70.21.159.19

Please be careful with "Save page"
Hello. You seem to be interested in our Super Mario World book, and I noticed that you deleted from two of the pages.

This web site is a wiki - any user can change any page, and when you click "Save page", everyone sees the same changed page that you do. Thus, if you delete from pages, other users like myself have to revert those changes before they can read the page.

If you are still confused about how it works, feel free to play around in the Sandbox. Thanks, --Kernigh 20:22, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:70.21.159.19


text:
Cookbook talk:Strawberry Rhubarb Pie

strawberry rhubarb pie suggestion
I have been following this recipe and hoping for good results! It appears someone has gone to a lot of effort to put this recipe together with nice photos and everything. I have a suggestion to make, that the yeild could be shown at the top of the recipe near where the ingredients are listed. (The # of pies the recipe is for). The ingredients seem to make 1 pie, but the photos are for making a double batch. It is unclear until one gets the ingredients chopped up how many pies we're making. Thanks Velouria 20:28, 7 April 2006 (UTC)velouria

comment
Pies turned out beautifully! Not too sweet! Everyone happy! Thanks Velouria 22:36, 7 April 2006 (UTC)Velouria

this pie is not vegan
This recipe in mis-filed The BUTTER in the crust disqualifies this as Vegan

Any proven suggestions ?( vegetable shortning or coconut oil )
 * Butter is dairy so I will make the change but it is still vegetarian. Ebe123 (discuss • contribs) 22:59, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Strawberry Rhubarb Pie


text:
Quest for Glory/Quest for Glory I

Introduction
Quest for Glory I: So You Want to Be a Hero was originally titled Hero's Quest, and has seen both an EGA and VGA release, with a version of the game over a command line parser and with the usual three verb sierra interface. There are some minor differences between the versions mostly centering around interface--actions are easier to identify in the remake, as well as conversation topics, and certain actions are replaced by point and click actions, such as clicking the hand on someone replacing typing in thief sign. Whichever version you play however, the puzzles and strategy will largely be the same--it's just a matter of which looks prettier.

There's a patch to deal with timing issues on the vga version. If you intend to play this game on a modern computer, apply the patch from the previous link and I would strongly recommend using an emulator for older drivers such as VDMSound or DOSBox

Like all the games in the series there's a focus on solving puzzles, building up your skills, and fighting monsters. Most players will probably find this title the most challenging in many respects though, since quite a few basic puzzles can't be solved until you've built up your skills a fair amount--whether that involves throwing, climbing, or the fetch spell. Assigning skill point to those attributes early on can help, but you may also want to take the opportunity to add some skills to create a hybrid character. The pick locks skill will let you act as a thief and magic will let you do all the wizard related quests, and if you want to collect all the spells a non-wizard can have in the series you should start from the second game or earlier.

Your abilities and the ways you solve puzzles will vary with your character class. Fighters generally have to rely on brute force, fighting their way past monsters or throwing things from a distance. Thieves can pick locks, sneak around, or throw or climb to reach their target. Magic Users will want to use spells from a distance generally and find some creative application of magic to get through a situation. Thieves will also want to find the thieves guild and magic users will need to buy and find spells to become useful.

The game also uses a time-sensitive system where the game transitions between day and night. You can rest for an hour at a time to recover some health, stamina, and mana, and you can go sleep for the night to restore all your stats. Most activities can only be done during the day, although a few monsters come out at night and there are a couple things that only happen in the forest at nighttime. You can sleep in Erana's garden to the north, or at the inn in town although you may have a hard time getting in at night. Meals can also be purchased at the inn and rations can be stocked up on at the market, although Erana's garden has a fruit that will keep you full for a day.

General Advice
When you start the game, you'll likely be extremely weak and without much capital or combat skill. The first thing you'll want to do is go to the adventurer's guild and learn of everything you can obtain for the healer in town to earn some more money, and stock up on her potions to stay alive. The Goblin training ground is also a great place to go to build up your stats, every time you return to fight there, there will be an additional goblin, of up to ten. You'll build up a lot of strength and vitality and make some money to boot. You can also make money, let the time pass, and build up strength by hiring yourself out as a stablehand in the castle. Another thing to keep in mind is that it's almost always a good idea to rest for an hour whenever you're able to, to keep your health and stamina up.

Surviving in Spielburg
Food and Shelter:

You're best off sleeping and eating the fruit at Erana's Garden to the north most nights if you don't mind wandering through monster infested lands to get there. Otherwise, you can get a cheap room and meal at the inn, and it's worth seeing Abdulla Doo over there as well. Buying some rations at the market will also keep if you alive if you forget to run out and get a meal each day.

Combat/Survival:

If I'm not mistaken, tougher monsters will gradually start appearing as you gain more experience. Pick on the goblins initially, cast spells from a distance if you can, and get used to running away from anything bigger than you.

Monsters:

(Daytime) (Day/Night) (Night)

Building up your Skills
Strength. Strength can also be increased by most activities involving physical exertion or consuming stamina, including running and fighting.

Attributes such as Vitality can be increased by taking damage and engaging in combat, Intelligence can be increased by casting spells and solving puzzles, and Agility is increased by most any thief related action or dodging. Luck is increased by most random events including combat.

The easiest way to practice the Climbing skill is to climb one of the trees repeatedly even if you don't succeed, you'll consume a little stamina and build up your climbing stat.

The best way to build your Throwing skill is to pick up a large number of rocks and throw them at nothing in particular. Keep in mind you actually have to have the throwing skill as a thief for this to be of any use.

Pick locks. You can practice on a lot of the doors at night, including the healer's cottage without fear of capture.

Stealth is hard to build up, but choosing to sneak will gradually increase it.

Combat based skills such as Dodge, Parry, and Weapon Use can be increased by going into combat and doing those moves repeatedly. Only fighters have Parry, which lets them duel in the castle grounds.

Magic Users can increase Magic just by casting any spell and can level up any spell by casting it repeatedly. Most all of the spells will need to be levelled up to be used effectively, including zap which charges your weapon, flame dart which does some damage on an enemy, fetch which grabs something from a distance, calm which relaxes an enemy so you can escape or quells physical fires, and dazzle which stuns an enemy.

For a more detailed list of spells and abilities, see the main Quest for Glory page.

Dead-ends
It is possible to get stuck to the point of not able to complete the game, only way out is to restore saved game or restart the game. Below follows list of things to avoid.
 * Dropping important items to ground.
 * Stealing potions from healer while she's not watching. Next time you try to return, she wont let you in anymore.
 * Leaving the screen when dryad has dropped the magic acorn, without taking it. It will vanish.
 * Eating the magic acorn.

Walkthrough
Quest for Glory/Quest for Glory I/Walkthrough

Story
Quest for Glory I Plot

Points All Characters can receive
all points. The point here is to combine all three characters, to do so, you must not have any stealth selected, for in the game to have all points you need all three characters, what also matters is which character points to use when....

title: Quest for Glory/Quest for Glory I


text:
Wikibooks talk:WikiProject Macintosh

=Introduction= Welcome to the Discussion page for the WikiProject Macintosh!

=Apple Bulletin Board= To help keep the WikiProject community updated, please post brief pieces of Apple and Mac news here. Please keep posts brief (perhaps linking to a more detailed outside article). Try to include only news that would be of serious interest to authors of Mac WikiBooks (for instance, include new products and software updates, but not stock price changes or business affairs).

=Community Discussion= When starting a conversation, create a sub-header under ths one.

Fair use images
I removed the fair use images (1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8) from the top of the page. Fair use images may only be used in an educational manner. This is not in the main namespace and is thus, by default, in a decorative manner. Cheers, Iamunknown 17:39, 8 December 2006 (UTC)
 * I would have thought that by demonstrating what an icon looks like, it assist to demonstrate (and therefore educate) the reader on the context of certain things. The dashboard (for example) isn't normally accessed by its name, and it more likely seen as an icon on the dock.  New users may wonder what that icon is.  In this instance, I see that its use on this project *is* educational. Neolux 06:33, 22 December 2006 (UTC)

iLife's been updated, people
Due to the recent iLife upgrade to iLife 08, I'm trying to move everything in "iLife 06" to "iLife" (so if there are future updates there'll be no need to create yet another wikibook.") Brandon Johnsonn 18:04, 13 August 2007 (UTC)

title: Wikibooks talk:WikiProject Macintosh


text:
Packing & Moving Household Goods/Other Considerations

Sorting and disposing of goods
Most people are packrats to some degree. Nearly everyone's home has old junk in it that should no longer be there. Of course, what is categorized, as old junk is entirely subjective to your personal opinion. Only you know what you still want or need. So you should try to decide before move day just what all you want to be transported to the new residence and what all you want to dispose of.

Arrangements should be made well in advance for disposal of unwanted things. Agencies such as Goodwill and the Salvation Army can help with this but be aware that when they arrive to collect things from you they may turn down some things that you are counting on them to remove. So be sure to have alternative arrangements for disposal in place such as community garbage pickup service or dumps.

Packing and blanket wrapping
Once disposables have been identified, all goods that are being kept and that can be boxed should be properly and carefully boxed up and labeled. Goods that cannot be boxed such as furniture should be blanket wrapped if possible to protect them. Normally, moving blankets can be obtained from truck rental facilities in advance for pre-move wrapping of non-vital furniture. Blanket wrapping is very important for furniture protection and is not easy to do. The rest of your things will have to be moved unprotected, so just be very careful with them and try to carry some of the smaller things in your car. Small appliances such as toasters, mix masters, radios, toaster ovens, blenders, George Foreman type grills, etc. should all be carefully packed into boxes and moved as fragiles because they can be quite costly to replace. Remember, you're out to save money and each thing that you can fully preserve from damages during the move saves you repair or replacement money.

Truck rental
Rent a big enough truck to move your whole load in one trip unless you are moving very nearby in which case a smaller truck with multiple trips will be fine. Carefully inspect the truck for existing body damages and note them on your rental contract. Make sure the truck body is clean inside and if you have a lift gate – thoroughly test it. Study and learn good truck driving techniques and how to safely get in and out of the truck cab and the side or back of the truck. Be aware of bad weather truck driving considerations too. Always keep a big distance interval between your truck and other traffic. Make wide swings around corners so as not to have cut off accidents and watch your height restrictions on overpasses and viaducts.

Moving high value items
High value items include currency, coin, stamp collections, high value artwork, expensive small statuary, etc.

Do all of this kind of moving very carefully by yourself. If anything gets broken or disappears for some reason you only want yourself to blame. Don't trust anybody else with these kinds of light, valuable items because if anything goes wrong with them, it will become a nightmare for you. Breakage or loss of these kinds of valuables can lead to accusations, outbursts of anger, loss of friendship or close relationship, police involvement, law suits, etc., etc., etc.

Providing your moving and packing helpers with facilities
When relatives and / or friends are helping you to pack up and move your home it’s wise to make conditions for them as comfortable as possible. During working periods, just having tasty snacks and non-alcoholic drinks on hand can do that. Ordering pizzas, chicken, easy snack food food or other kinds of meals will also be appreciated. Remember, these folks are giving you their help and saving you the cost of employing costly packers and movers, so these relatively inexpensive, thoughtful gestures will help to make their work for you much more pleasant.

You can also let them pick their own radio stations or TV stations while they're packing your things up. Again this makes the work environment more pleasant for them. And be sure there is plenty of bathroom tissue, Kleenex and air freshening spray where it can be easily found in the bathroom so your people don't have to ask embarrassingly for it.

Never bring forth alcoholic beverages for your helpers until the day's work is completed. Alcohol makes people get prematurely tired and lazy so save it until everything to be done that day is actually finished. Then maybe go ahead and relax and unwind with a couple of drinks with them but make sure there's a designated driver who stays sober. Any DUI's issued that evening would be a terrible downer for the recipient, for you and for any of your folks who helped out.

Disassemble beds and desks, saving all hardware
Large furniture like beds and desks are typically shipped disassembled. This allows them to be moved into rooms either more easily, or in some cases, at all. When you move, you will want to disassemble your beds or desks prior to shipping. Not only will this help you move these items in and out of rooms, it drastically reduces the size they use in shipping by making them much easier to pack efficiently.

That said, the mover must ensure they keep, and track, every screw, panel, and rod removed during disassembly - You won't be able to do a good job doing the reassembly without them.

If assembly instructions are not available for your particular item, consider video recording yourself disassembling the object for later reference. This is by no means perfect, but it may help you work backwards when reassembling.

Remove mirrors from dressers or walls
Mirrors have a well earned reputation for being exceptionally fragile, breaking from even weak bumps and knocks. Removing mirrors from furniture prior to moving is thus a good idea - this way even if the mirror breaks, it at least will be contained and not compromise other items from moving.

Remove air conditioners from windows
Removing a window air conditioner unit can be difficult. These units are often heavy, hard to balance, and may leak drainage water onto you if you aren't careful during removal. Follow manufacturer instructions for removal, and ideally have another person on standby in case help is needed.


text:
AP Biology/Vocabulary

Chapter 1
Introduction: Themes in The Study of Life

No vocabulary for this chapter.

Chapter 2
The Chemical Context of Life
 * Matter: Substance that has mass and occupies space
 * Element: Any of the more than 100 known substances (of which 92 occur naturally) that cannot be separated into simpler substances and that singly or in combination constitute all matter.
 * Compound: A substance formed by chemical union of two or more elements or ingredients in definite proportion by weight.
 * Trace Elements: Elements essential for growth, but required only in minute amounts.
 * Atom: The smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element.
 * Neutrons: A subatomic particle with no net charge. Neutrons are found in the nucleus of an atom.
 * Protons: Positive charge of an atom located in the nucleus.
 * Electrons: Negatively charged sub-atomic particles that orbit the atomic nucleus. The mass of electrons in orbit (of an atom) forms the electron shell or electron cloud of the atom.
 * Atomic Nucleus: The positively charged "core" of an atom, which contains protons and neutrons.
 * Dalton:
 * Atomic Number: Number indicating the number of protons in any given atom of an element. Each element has a unique atomic number.
 * Mass Number: Sum of the protons and neutrons in any given atom of an element.
 * Atomic Weight:
 * Isotopes: Variations of an element with the same atomic number but different numbers of neutrons.
 * Radioactive Isotopes:
 * Energy: The ability to do work, or the work required to start or carry out a reaction or process.
 * Potential Energy: The possibility (potential) of an object or substance to do work.
 * Energy Levels:The energy characteristic of a stationary state of a physical system, especially a quantum mechanical system.
 * Electron Shells:
 * Orbital:
 * Valence Electrons:An electron in an outer shell of an atom that can participate in forming chemical bonds with other atoms.
 * Valence shell:
 * Chemical bonds: Special linkages between two or more molecules or compounds.
 * Covalent Bond: Chemical bonding in which two atoms "share" one or more electrons.
 * Molecule:
 * Structural Formula:
 * Molecular Formula:
 * Double Covalent Bond:
 * Valence:
 * Nonpolar bond:
 * Polar Covalent Bond:
 * Electronegativity:
 * Nonpolar Covalent Bond:
 * Polar Covalent Bond:
 * Ion: A charged particle.
 * Cation:a positively charged ion. Happens due to the loss of electrons.
 * Anion:a negatively charged ion. Happens due to te gain of electrons.
 * Ionic Bond:A Chemical bond formed between a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion.
 * Hydrogen Bond: Chemical bonding in which two molecules are linked together by one or more hydrogen atoms.
 * Van Der Waals Interactions:
 * Chemical Reactions:
 * Reactants: Substances that interact with one another or with an external source in a reaction.
 * Products: Substances produced from the interactions stated above in a reaction.
 * Chemical Equilibrium: State in which the quantity of reactants is equivalent to the quantity of products. Example: H2 + O2 --> H2O

Chapter 3
Water and The Fitness of The Environment

 * Polar Molecules:
 * Cohesion:
 * Adhesion:
 * Surface Tension:
 * Kinetic Energy:
 * Heat:
 * Temperature: The measure of heat in a substance.
 * Celsius Scale:
 * Calorie (cal):
 * Kilocalorie (kcal):
 * Joule (J):
 * Specific Heat:
 * Heat of Vaporization:
 * Evaporative Cooling:
 * Solution:
 * Solvent: Substance in which the solute (below) is dissolved.
 * Solute: Substance that dissolves or will dissolve in a solution.
 * Aqueous Solution:
 * Hydrophilic:
 * Hydrophobic:
 * Mole (mol):
 * Molecular Weight:
 * Molarity:
 * Hydrogen Ion:
 * Hydroxide ion (OH-):
 * Acid:
 * Base:
 * pH Scale:
 * Buffers:
 * Acid Precipitation:

Chapter 4
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

 * Organic Chemistry: The study of substances which have carbon-hydrogen bonds.
 * Hydrocarbons:
 * Isomers:
 * Structural Isomers:
 * Geometic Isomers:
 * Enantiomers:
 * Functional Groups:
 * Hydroxyl Group:
 * Alcohols:
 * Carbonyl Group:
 * Aldehyde:
 * Ketone:
 * Carboxyl Group:
 * Carboxylic Acids:
 * Amino group:
 * Amines:
 * Sulfhydryl Group:
 * Thiols:
 * Phosphate Groups:

Chapter 5
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules
 * Macromolecule:
 * Polymer:
 * Monomers:
 * Condensation Reaction:
 * Dehydration Reaction:
 * Hydrolysis:
 * Carbohydrates:
 * Monosaccharides:
 * Disaccharide:
 * Glycosidic Linkage:A covalent bond between two glycogin molecules.
 * Starch:
 * Glycogen:
 * Cellulose:
 * Chitin:
 * Lipids:A combination of a glyceral and 3 fatty acids. Hydrophobic.
 * Fat:
 * Fatty Acid:
 * Triacylglycerol:
 * Saturated Fatty Acid:
 * Unsaturated Fatty Acid:
 * Phospholipids:
 * Steroids:
 * Cholesterol:
 * Proteins:
 * Conformation:
 * Polypeptides:
 * Amino Acids:
 * Peptide Bond:
 * Primary Structure:
 * Secondary Structure:
 * Alpha Helix:
 * Pleated Sheet:
 * Tertiary Structure:
 * Hydrophobic Interaction:
 * Disulfide Bridges:
 * Quaternary Structure:
 * Denaturation:
 * Chaperone Proteins:
 * Gene:
 * Nucleic Acids:
 * Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA):
 * Ribonucleic Acid (RNA):
 * Nucleotides:
 * Pyridmidine:
 * Purines:
 * Ribose:
 * Deoxyribose:
 * Polynucleotide:
 * Double Helix:

Chapter 6
An Introduction to Metabolism
 * Metabolism:
 * Catabolic Pathways:
 * Anabolic Pathways:
 * Bioenergetics:
 * Kinetic Energy:
 * potential Energy:
 * Thermodynamics:
 * First Law of Thermodynamics:
 * Second Law of Thermodynamics:
 * Gibbs Free Energy:
 * Exergonic Reaction:
 * Endergonic Reaction:
 * Metabolic Disequilibrium:
 * Energy Coupling:
 * ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate):
 * Phosphorylated Intermediate:
 * Enzymes:
 * Catalyst:
 * Activation Energy (energy of activation):
 * Substrate:
 * Active Site:
 * Induced Fit:
 * Cofactors:
 * Coenzymes:
 * Competitive Inhibitors:
 * Noncompetitive Inhibitors:
 * Allosteric Site:
 * Feedback Inhibition:
 * Cooperativity:

Chapter 7
A Tour of the Cell
 * Light Microscopes (LMs):
 * Resolving power:
 * Organelles:
 * Electron Microscope(EM):
 * Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM):
 * Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM):
 * Cell Fraction:
 * Ultracentrifuges:
 * Prokaryotic Cell:
 * Nucleoid:
 * Cytoplasm:
 * Cytosol:
 * Plasma Membrane:
 * Nucleus:
 * Nuclear lamina:
 * Chromatin:
 * Chromosomes:
 * Nucleolus:
 * Ribosomes:
 * Endomembrane System:
 * Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER):
 * Smooth ER:
 * Rough ER:
 * Glycoproteins:
 * Transport Vesicles:
 * Golgi Apparatus:
 * Lysosome:
 * Phagocytosis:
 * Food Vacuoles:
 * Contractile Vacuoles:
 * Central Vacuoles:
 * Tonoplast:
 * Mitochondria:
 * Chloroplasts:
 * Cristae:
 * Mitochondrial Matrix:
 * Plastids:
 * Thylakoids:
 * Grana:
 * Stroma:
 * Peroxisome:
 * Cytoskeleton:
 * Microtubules:
 * Microfilaments:
 * Intermediate Filaments:
 * Centrosomes and Centrioles:
 * Centrosome:
 * Centrioles:
 * Cilia:
 * Flagella:
 * Basal Body:
 * Dynein:
 * Actin:
 * Myosin:
 * Pseudopodia:
 * Cytoplasmic Streaming:
 * Primary Cell Wall:
 * Middle Lamella:
 * Secondary Cell Wall:
 * Extracellular Matrix (ECM):
 * Collagen:
 * Proteoglycans:
 * Fibronectins:
 * Integrins:
 * Plasmodesmata:
 * Plasmodesma:
 * Tight Junctions:
 * Desmosomes:
 * Gap Junctions:

title: AP Biology/Vocabulary


text:
Packing & Moving Household Goods/Primary Considerations

In order to learn how to relocate household goods properly, a number of factors need to be considered in order for you to avoid painful and costly personal injuries and / or expensive damages to your furniture so that you can move as economically as possible.

 * The primary moving day considerations are...

In Correct Order of Priority –

 * 1) Movers safety when moving
 * 2) Safety of the article being moved and the surfaces involved
 * 3) Minimizing moving time spent on each moving task
 * 4) Meeting moving time deadlines
 * 5) Minimizing Your Aggravation
 * 6) Minimizing Moving Costs

Minimizing moving costs should be your very last consideration, even if it's your first objective.

If you keep all of the above-mentioned considerations about moving yourself in the above given proper order as you do your move, you will find that you automatically end up nicely saving all of the money you're hoping to save!

You do not want to have any of the above mentioned considerations out of this order at any time or you will make faulty decisions that could increase your moving costs, cause you a lot of aggravation and significantly increase the time you spend on your move. Take a few moments to think about each of these 6 categories and their priority of consideration.

For instance, if you rush the moving task you will in effect be putting the (1.) Safety of the movers and (2.) Safety of the article being moved into lower priority than (3.) Minimizing your overall time spent moving. As a direct result of that shift in priorities, furniture can be unnecessarily damaged and / or someone could be seriously injured which would bring you guilt and a lot of problems such as a costly injury and / or expensive damages to your furniture and / or to expensive floor surfaces. Besides forcing you into increased costs, you will also encounter unwanted aggravation and who knows how much extra time spent rectifying these problems. Therefore, we have given you quite a bit of information about each of these considerations for your review so that by keeping the right priorities you will make right moving day choices and accomplish all of your time and money saving goals.

First and foremost, it is wise for all of your movers to know safe moving techniques in order to avoid personal injuries. These are the worst kinds of problems to encounter on moving day. You certainly don't want to see anyone get hurt helping you and it can get quite costly at a hospital to treat some emergency injuries.

Second, you obviously don't want valuable furnishings damaged so you will need to learn how to properly pack and / or snuggly blanket wrap as many of your household goods as possible in order to protect them.

You will need to learn floor, wall, door and ceiling protection in order to avoid costly and aggravating real estate property damages.

Additionally, you need to learn correct trucking procedures in order to avoid truck accidents, occupant injuries and / or furniture damage on the truck

Taking a shortcut on any of these tasks could cause you to have some very painful and / or costly personal injury and / or property damage expenses that could and should have been easily avoided. The old axiom - better safe than sorry - is certainly true when you're moving!


text:
Packing & Moving Household Goods/Packing Tips

Proper and complete packing is one of the most important things that you can do to save time, money, and aggravation on moving day! Packing as many of your household goods as possible protects them and makes them easy to carry and transport. If you are not fully packed when your moving crew arrives then they have to take time out from the moving task to help you finish your packing. If the packing is already done on moving day it will be much less aggravating for you and everyone concerned.


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Packing & Moving Household Goods/Introduction to Moving Tips

Complete Packing will Expedite your Move on Moving Day.
Proper Packing is one of the most important things that you can do to save time, money, and aggravation! If you are not fully packed on moving day then your moving crew will have to take time out from the moving to help you finish your packing and your moving day will go on and on and on…

Basically, use common sense when packing. Pack heavier things like books and canned goods in smaller boxes, and pack lighter things in progressively larger boxes. Never make a box heavier than the lady of the house can handle, since she may be the one who ends up moving it around before or after the move.

Go to Packing Tips for a complete write-up on what to do (with some how to do) instruction on proper packing.

Prepare a Moving Checklist
Prepare a moving checklist as soon as you know that you are going to move in order to minimize the time you'll need to spend on the whole moving task. Once you've made your checklist be sure to follow it but be prepared to make corrections as reality forces adjustments to your plans. It should include a timetable for packing, premoving and moving day activities along with a list of….

Notifications you will need to file when you relocate

 * Driver’s license facility
 * Post office
 * Schools
 * Banks or Credit Unions
 * Insurance companies
 * Telephone Company
 * Gas Company
 * Electric Company
 * Cable Company
 * Internet Service Provider
 * Disposal Company
 * Relatives
 * Friends
 * Subscriptions


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User talk:Shtove

Coq au vin
In its current state, no links point to the coq au vin page, so no one will find it.

Are you trying to start a new book, or are you writing a recipe for the Cookbook? Cookbook recipes are supposed to have page names prefixed with "Cookbook:". --Kernigh 23:49, 7 April 2006 (UTC)

Adding contents to the Cookbook
Again, I will repeat what was said earlier: If you want to add a new recepie to the Cookbook, please title it with the Cookbook: prefix. This is the only way it can be included with the other recepies. --Rob Horning 17:41, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shtove


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Cookbook talk:Coq au vin

This new recipe is not linked from the Cookbook yet. I hope that my use of cookwork will attract someone's attention, so that we can add it to the Cookbook. --Kernigh 00:05, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

title: Cookbook talk:Coq au vin