text:
User talk:Mjchael

Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks! Good luck! Mattb112885 (talk) 12:41, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Hello! I am accustomed with the Germans wikibooks. I will not work directly on the English text (my English is to bad). I put the translation of my German work on a special page. On this I write my translation. The other users can take it and create their own side. --Mjchael 18:30, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

New Chords and Scales
Just thought I would let you know that I have added a Scale Manual page to Wikibook: Guitar and I have also added a Technical Exercise page. I have put chord images in the Chord Reference section. I don't know if any these images would be useful to you but you can see them in the Wikimedia Commons categories Scales on guitar and Chords in guitar. Keep up the good work. --Sluffs (talk) 15:03, 26 July 2009 (UTC)

 * Now I have noticed the new chords and scales. I consider to internationalize my chords and scales (fingering in 1234 or pimaq instead of zmrk (= German fingering)). And B for the German Note H. But this would be many work. In this context I will take over your cords. Every chord and scale should be in the SVG-format. Incscape is an useful free-ware-programm for vector-graphics. But easier to handle is Corel-Draw. (A bit older Version is adequate and cheap enough. Only a SVG-export should be available.) I'm going to have a look at your pages with your new chords. I will report back. --Mjchael (talk) 12:31, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the reply. I looked at the German Wikibook for the guitar and was very impressed by the layout and use of images. I'll find out about the SVG format and will try to get some software.

--Sluffs (talk) 16:09, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

Songbook
I fixed the link on that page, but wanted to point out Naming policy. You'll want to use a slash (/) instead of a colon for the book's pages. If you can ensure that every page (other than the title page) has on it, that would be great. That will put all the book's pages into the proper category. Welcome and happy editing. -- Adrignola talk contribs 16:48, 6 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I added the other categories you requested and you can find them shown in |Category:Songbook. -- Adrignola talk contribs 20:50, 10 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Thank you for your efforts! New categories will be inserted automatically with the new songs. Now I know how it works. :o)) --Mjchael (talk) 21:25, 10 August 2009 (UTC)

Todo-upgrade
I notice you've recently been adding a second unnamed parameter to some transclusions. The template doesn't use a parameter , though. Is there some deeper reason for doing this, that I'm missing? --Pi zero (talk) 14:58, 13 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Not yet! But it is in preparation. Currently, the additional parameter set does not harm anything. But it will allowsa specified todo-list for each book and each user. --Mjchael (talk) 15:06, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

 * A thought, or perhaps a thought and a half: Rather than requiring the name of each book to be hardwired into a todo list, it might make sense to build the tool so it deduces the book name using {{ROOTBOOKNAME}} (possibly combined with a test for NAMESPACE, if one wants different behavior for, say, userspace).  At least, it probably would make sense to use {{ROOTBOOKNAME}} as the parameter when calling, so that renaming the book wouldn't mess up its s.  --Pi zero (talk) 17:30, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

 * That makes sense! It would make the handling of the todo-list extremely simple. The parameter would only be used for username and separate books of several volumes. Good idea, I will convert it. --Mjchael (talk) 17:50, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

 * You should file your categories in Category:TODO and not Category:Todo as the former already existed. -- Adrignola talk contribs 19:20, 13 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I have already noticed that, and I was already in the process to correct it. :) --Mjchael (talk) 19:24, 13 August 2009 (UTC)

Syntax error
Major and possible critical break. I only attempted to fix the first one and failed, it may be also defeating the propose of simplicity that such a template need to be usable by any editor. See todo boxes in The World of Peer-to-Peer (P2P)/What is Peer-to-Peer (P2P)/Legal Perspective, the ones with todonote are the one broken, I've attempted to fix one of them but it didn't seem to work probably due to the use of the hyperlink inside. --Panic (talk) 01:05, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * @Panic Curly brackets were missing. Syntax is fixed. Sorry for the trouble --Mjchael (talk) 08:17, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Yup all seems right... Thanks for the prompt fix. --Panic (talk) 15:16, 14 August 2009 (UTC)

Writhe
Looking at your user page, I suspect writhe isn't the word you wanted. (I'm wondering if this might be due to a false friend.) --Pi zero (talk) 12:47, 14 August 2009 (UTC)
 * It was a spelling mistake. Thanks for the tip --Mjchael (talk) 19:11, 14 August 2009 (UTC

Test

 * BOOKNAME:
 * NAIVEBOOKNAME:
 * ARTICLESPACE:
 * NAIVEBOOKSTEM:

Request of template NOTE
Can you extend (without any other change, ie: rounding of the box) so that it can replace the existing one without changes to the pages that uses it. So it generates a per book category (ie:Notes) similar to the TODO's ? This would not change the functionality and would help editors. --Panic (talk) 19:38, 21 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Does this makes sense? Notes don't have to be processed. Or should the notes in the long run disappear? Serves the notes only as a working aid, or can it also be notes for the reader? Before I start working on this template, I want to make sure that the functionality not unnecessarily be inflated. --Mjchael (talk) 21:16, 23 August 2009 (UTC)
 * It enables a better coordination of the content on the book (avoid duplication and even point to a section that goes into a subject/book more in depth with that particular case), we have to take in consideration that sometimes people even leave comments on the main page, even if I have most of the pages of the books I'm working in my watchlist other editors (especially sporadic ones will not, or even readers, it is somehow expected that more experienced readers would like to browse all those asides/considerations on the book content). To be able to easily list all of them would be a boon. We can even argue that having other templates share these in book categories would increase awareness of the feature and the other inbook categories. --Panic (talk) 22:02, 23 August 2009 (UTC)
 * The programming is done! Unfortunately, yet the linked sites are not displayed, but I don't see any mistakes. I will check it tomorrow. (Now it's time to go to bed!) --Mjchael (talk) 3:05, 24 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Now that I saw the implementation I understood your first question...
 * Yup there is no useful reason to have the category show as a "root" category (like the Category:TODO).
 * The idea was just to have a hidden subcategory inside the book category like the TODO/C++ Programming, probably named "Notes and Observations". Where pages using the NOTE template in a book would be listed. I hadn't think further than that. --Panic (talk) 02:23, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

 * I was also looking on all the new possibilities of the TODO and think that the new category shouldn't have pages listed but only subcategories, that would use only one page that would indeed show relevant information. (This would also remove the duplication of having TODO and TODO/BOOKTITLE as categories on a page (and having the more relevant to users and editors of a particular book set as a hidden category). Having only one show could also be improved, can't the TODO category on a particular book be made to open directly that TODO/BOOKTITLE page ? (less verbosity for example Animating Weapons for Counter-Strike Source/Draw Animation using NOTE)
 * Another issue that I now see is with the categories and the possibility of signing the templates uses. It does generate (ie: ) categories. Because not all are signed and the signature isn't obligatory (couldn't since the use of the template is now so extensive, correcting that would be an huge task), it really doesn't serve any real purpose (the category), signatures would always be an helpful addition but since it can't be made obligatory the concept fails. A different concept would be generating a  for unsigned TODOs/NOTEs is it possible ?  --Panic (talk) 02:52, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

 * In the German wikibooks I work with the category:todo and the category:todo-booktitle. The first one gives an overview about all projects, and the second one helps me by working on a single book. But we don't create automatically categories. Except the main-category Todo. However the opportunity is given to customize the todoes. But no one is forced to use it. I operate readily with these both options. Maybe we should delete the automatically creating of sub-categories. Should they be used, then they can still be created manually. Maybe I should think it over, if I can program the template in that way, that only those who want it, will get an automatic sub-category of the book. The subcategories TODO/username are used for teamwork. Shall the note-template be reduced? (Excuse please, if my English should be wrong.) --Mjchael (talk) 14:23, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

my solution
The automatically creating of categories by the Notes is deleted. Notes from the author to the reader don't need any categories. With one or more optional parameter of the bookname or an username a "note" can be customized (in case of comments about the book or the chapter). Then it will be an instruction to do something or to fix something. In that case a note is treated as a Todo. And only in this case a category will be created --Mjchael (talk) 3:50, 25 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Ok I tweaked it a little one thing thought I would like that the note should be obligatory (there is no purpose on having a NOTE without text and today there aren't any notes without a body). The unsigned doesn't work well I have also attempted to use
 * so that the new listings and links on the heading would be optional (this is important since __HIDDENCAT__ is needed on the categories pages). --Panic (talk) 05:45, 25 August 2009 (UTC)
 * PS: Notes are only related to the content not to pending actions by editors. --Panic (talk) 05:47, 25 August 2009 (UTC)
 * Pending issues. C++ Programming/Compiler/Linker/Libraries/Configuring Visual Studio uses one NOTE and I signed it it should be in Category:C++ Programming/Notes not in Category:C++ Programming/Notes/Unsigned and should test if there is a signature and select one of the categories, for what I understand ifeq is needed only to prevent the example to use a category.
 * Using #ifexist: would resolve these redlinks (with the considerations talked above) Help:Starting a new page or book. Read the explanation on the template page (#ifexists could also verify that the user that signed does exits by checking his talk page, since those are generally created first) --Panic (talk) 17:29, 25 August 2009 (UTC)
 * a signatur can be affix by the normal text on the first parameter

 * on many notes a signator isn't needed. So a programming of a signatur-check would complicate these matters unnecessarily. --Mjchael (talk) 21:46, 26 August 2009 (UTC)
 * The idea was to duplicate the functionality of the the TODO (the rational for defending the need for a signer is valid in both for the same reasons), if a need arises and the person who affixed the information needs to be contacted it can be a very complicated task in a busy page (lots of edits), indeed on notes this is less relevant as the person adding the note also must have done some other editing work to be adding a note about a specific exception or related issue that can't be directly included, even so there are instances of that occurring.
 * One should remember that signatures inside the book content should not be acceptable and will create confusion because of the practice of not altering signed posts/comments.
 * Did you attempt anywhere to put #ifexist to work this would also solve that extra load of work you add on the TODO template (you had to create a lot of Category pages), that may or may not be useful (due to the already existing uses of the templates for instance in one book I make extensive use of them but I'm working alone there for years now (The P2P book), that would permit the book communities to make use of the function as they see fit. --Panic (talk) 03:05, 27 August 2009 (UTC)
 * PS: If you don't mind move all this discussion to the Template Talk page, there may be editors that are now out of the loop and see now red links on the top their books. I'm watching there also so to us there shouldn't be a issue and this will also alleviate your talk page. --Panic (talk) 03:05, 27 August 2009 (UTC)
 * I work with the template TODO on the German guitar-book with different volumes of a guitar-school. There I use several parameter for the main book "guitar" the sub-volume "campfire-diploma" my todo-list "mjchael" and sometimes another "co-author". And sometimes it also affects "music-theory" or "songbook". Thus more than one parameter makes sense. Disclosure of an author in the main book is not habit of wiki. This is good manners at the talks. But authors will be identified by the history, ans this should be enough. The TODO-template creates only one category per book, or at the most one more for each sub-volume. And only one category will be created for an user. Thats all, and it's rather easy and comprehensible. The administration is extremely simple, and uncommonly practical. A greater degree of functionality complicates unnecessarily the matter. You must also think of the inexperienced user and author. I fear that every new features could make the template "note" unusable or impractical for each task for whatever they may be used. You should really consider what is actually needed. --Mjchael (talk) 08:43, 27 August 2009 (UTC)

WCI 2011 : Accelerating Wikibooks : Would like to discuss!
Hello!

I will be delivering a Talk at the Wikimedia Conference India 2011 on the topic of "Accelerating Wikibooks".

Over the next few days, I aim to make the proposal more and more wholesome and relevant. I'd like to discuss with you about the proposal and hope you can recommend me a few names on Wikibooks with whom I can discuss this.

I'd be very happy if you could discuss the proposal at User:Thewinster/Accelerating_Wikibooks

--Thewinster (discuss • contribs) 08:20, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

Summary of the proposal
This is not a summary of the final talk, only a tentative guideline.

 * Create Roadmaps for a book
 * Define Learning Outcomes
 * Annotate and Discuss new content available from around the web.
 * Minor tweaks and fixes which concentrate on crowdsourcing.
 * Identifying Small Contribution that advance a book and designing good UIs and triggers according to B.J. Fogg's Behavior Change Model, 8 Step Design Process. The paper can be found here at Persuasive Design : Eight Step Process by B. J. Fogg

Guitar/Campfire Diploma
Hi, Welcome back to the English Wikibook.

I am fairly new here, but happened to be looking at Recent Changes shortly after you posted your edit in Guitar/Campfire Diploma and you immediately got my attention because you are translating a book into English. I have been trying to encourage other contributors to help bring other books to the English Wikibook from other language editions and would be keenly interested in your experience, even though my understanding of music is almost non-existent.

Cheers,

 * Google translation:

 * Willkommen zurück im englischen Wikibook.

 * Ich bin ziemlich neu hier, habe mir aber kurz nach der Veröffentlichung Ihrer Bearbeitung in Guitar/Campfire Diploma die letzten Änderungen angeschaut und bin sofort darauf aufmerksam geworden, weil Sie ein Buch ins Englische übersetzen. Ich habe versucht, andere Mitwirkende zu ermutigen, dabei zu helfen, weitere Bücher aus anderen Sprachausgaben in das englische Wikibook zu bringen, und wäre an Ihrer Erfahrung sehr interessiert, auch wenn ich von Musik kaum etwas verstehe.

 * Prost,

Ottawahitech (discuss • contribs) 00:58, 8 April 2024 (UTC)

 * I'm actually quite an experienced Wikitorian. After all, I have already written the volumes for the guitar course in German. I could also translate the course into English using my own words if the listener is not bothered by my countless mistakes. But I prefer to work with Google Translation. But even with that I can only minimize the biggest errors.
 * I'm curious to see how the acceptance of the guitar course will develop. and whether volunteers can be found to correct the deficiencies in style and spelling and the obvious translation errors.
 * And then last but not least, I hope that the lessons will be supplemented by experienced guitarists and that these supplements will also expand the German Wikibooks.
 * I am translating the course in my free time, alongside my professional obligations. therefore the translation will probably make slow progress.
 * Greetings Mjchael (discuss • contribs) 05:41, 8 April 2024 (UTC)
 * I have finished the campfire diploma to the point where you could work with it. The introduction and the appendices are still missing.
 * It is difficult to sift through the existing texts and align them in such a way that something useful emerges. The already enormous work of the previous authors must by no means be neglected, but how do you bring it together with the grown content of the campfire diploma, which has been corrected and grown by many members from different guitar forums.
 * Without consultation with those currently responsible for the guitar book and further support, it will be difficult.
 * An AI should be able to merge and split two texts, but this should be done by someone who is a native speaker so that they can judge the result. My skills are not sufficient for this.
 * I also see the problem of the wiki syntax, the different templates, the images that still need to be translated. Who will use my Help. Who will translate the German
 * mentoring of Lilypond? Course: Lilypond for wikis
 * How is a single working person with limited English skills supposed to manage all this?
 * I had already helped translate the Wikijunjor book about big cats into German. A whole team worked on this book. My part in this was to revise stylistically the book into language suitable for children. Others checked my corrections.
 * Currently, some syntax errors are being corrected in the guitar book, and missing are being added, although I'm not sure if some of them are bots.  Be that as it may, I can't imagine that my translations with the translation tools are so good that they don't need revision.
 * As a lone fighter, I will soon run out of steam. I can only go to the trouble of building up a social network (guitar forums) that directly or indirectly support the project in one country. This is how it worked with the German Wikibooks guitar book. But I simply can't afford to familiarize myself with the peculiarities and sensitivities of foreign-language social networks. I tried it, but it was a failure. I miss too many subtleties (just like some of the rougher things).
 * I say this in connection with the planned Wikimedia_Language_engineering/Community_meetings at 31_May_2024
 * I will not be attending. No time. No desire to install the necessary software. Even more discussions, even more work, even more queries? It's just too much.
 * But perhaps this brief summary will be useful for something after all. Mjchael (discuss • contribs) 20:56, 15 May 2024 (UTC)

Lints reverts, and lack of comptetnce on my part..
Clearly not my morning :(... Thank you being patient, unlike some other contributors.

I'm considering if I should just quietly withdraw from editing entirely. ShakespeareFan00 (discuss • contribs) 07:00, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Contributions/ShakespeareFan00 I reverted a lot of my delint and repair efforts recently,  for context see - https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikibooks:Reading_room/Technical_Assistance#United_States_Postage_Meter_Stamp_Catalog/GROUP_PPS_%E2%80%93_Private_Parcel_Service_stamps

The thing is I apparently lack the levels of competence to even do clean reverts, as I said I'm wondering if I should just give up completely, and ask someone for mentiopring assitance in cleaning up the problems. ShakespeareFan00 (discuss • contribs) 07:10, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

 * It seems to me that you were completely exhausted. If you had had enough sleep, you would not have made such mistakes - or at least not to the same extent. You certainly don't have to completely stop working on the project, just stop working in the time when you are unable to concentrate or highly distracted or when you are not well rested. --Mjchael (discuss • contribs) 07:19, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

 * BTW Any assistance you have the time to provide in "reinstatment" of stable repairs, and other deliniting efforts would of course be greatly appreciated. You say you have HTML5 experience, that would be incredibly useful. Elswhere there are templates like small/top small/end, big,big/top, big/end , strike/top, strike/end, font/top , font/end, center/top, center/end that can be used to resolve more than a couple of the so termed 'misnesting' uses of what in HTML5 are nominally intended for SPAN based content, but which on Wikibooks are used in block based ways.  Some of them I made to meet that use case.   Most of the repairs are present in the edit histories, and can be retrived, but having a second or third person confiriming their stability would of course be greatly appreciated. ShakespeareFan00 (discuss • contribs) 07:26, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

I am still going to possibly cease editing on Wikibooks, once current concerns have been resolved. ShakespeareFan00 (discuss • contribs) 07:26, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

 * I translate the German Folkdiploma into English. Besides that, I give the German pages a makeover (mostly the red pen). But we have not all the same templates. I cannot afford to learn all the English templates (except the most important ones). The workload would be overwhelming. I do everything on the side, so my time is limited. Mjchael (discuss • contribs) 07:38, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

 * Well if you can think of someone I could ask, let me know.. otherwise you are clearly overloaded already. ShakespeareFan00 (discuss • contribs) 09:13, 5 June 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mjchael


text:
User talk:Rosser1954

Hello, and welcome to Wikibooks!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * To learn the wiki-markup-language syntax, see Help:Editing.
 * You should sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~
 * There is a box at the top of the edit window that will insert this, too; it looks like part of a signature.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * You can tell the community something about yourself in your userpage.
 * You can get to this page by clicking the tab at the top of the page labeled with your registered username.
 * If you are a Wikipedian, see Wikibooks for Wikipedians for a primer on how things work here (it's a little different).
 * If you want to base your work here on materials from Wikipedia, please use WB:RFI (requests for importation) to bring the material over in compliance with the GFDL.
 * If you're an instructor and plan on using Wikibooks for a class project, see Guidelines for class projects
 * Please say hello at the Staff Lounge with any questions or ideas.
 * Eventually, you might want to read the Manual of Style and Policies and Guidelines.
 * Please take a look at Naming policy before starting a new book.
 * Remember to maintain a Neutral point of view.
 * Explore, be bold in editing pages, and have fun!

You will find more resources in Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Staff lounge, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page. For site news, see the Bulletin board. It might be a good idea to add this page to your "watchlist" so that you can see when any new information is posted there. You can do that by clicking the tab labeled "watch" at the top of the page.

Good luck! Mattb112885 (talk) 12:42, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

A Researcher's Guide to Local History Terminology
I know it's been mentioned twice before, on Talk:A Researcher's Guide to Local History Terminology, but this really is outside the scope of Wikibooks. Please make an effort with the rest of the contributors to make sure that this gets turned into something other than a dictionary or glossary, as these are not what Wikibooks is for. If something isn't done to turn it into a textbook, someone will eventually put it up for deletion.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 13:55, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
 * It looks like you've done some good work trying to bring this book back within project scope. Thanks! You might want to consider moving the terminology section to an appendix and creating chapters for the other content, which should be the focus of any further expansion. Remember, a glossary must be secondary and auxiliary to the main text. If you need help, you can ask on my talk page, or at WB:SLP.  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 12:21, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

I replied on my talk page. Do you have it on your watchlist so you can see when I reply to you?  – Mike.lifeguard  | talk 13:31, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Wikinfo
I just read the wikipedia article about Wikinfo the web site is http://www.wikinfo.org/index.php/Main_Page the main page has this message in the header "Original research which addresses significant problems is especially appreciated. Dictionary definitions, links to websites, quotations, source texts, and other types of information not acceptable on Wikipedia are welcome." I immediately thought of you and your work on A Researcher's Guide to Local History Terminology, which has had challenges in finding a home. If you ever need it just wanted you to know it's out there. Keep up the good work. Jeepday (talk) 04:28, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

A Researcher's Guide to Local History Terminology
A Researcher's Guide to Local History Terminology Looking very good! I am glad you kept up with it. Jeepday (talk) 00:44, 14 November 2009 (UTC) I second that, very interesting project. --Panic (talk) 09:06, 15 July 2010 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Rosser1954


text:
TiddlyWiki/Introduction

Some history
As the name implies, TiddlyWiki takes its primary inspiration from the kind of interactive, more or less "social" web site, that has come to be known as a wiki. The original concept was defined and demonstrated in the mid-1990's by Ward Cunningham for the purpose of building what he called the Portland Pattern Repository and it's rather more broadly scoped derivative forum, the WikiWikiWeb. The latter name was obviously inspired by the still fairly "hot" new concept called the World Wide Web, while Cunningham explains the 'WikiWiki' part as being a Hawaiian word for 'quick'. While certainly a forum in nature, it was distinctively different from the bulletin board services and the Usenet forums that pre-dated the WWW architecture and its defining protocols, HTTP and HTML. The design of the WikiWikiWeb - and most of the solutions that have followed - builds on both these protocols: HTTP as the way the web browser speaks to a server somewhere on the internet, and HTML as the language that the web browser interprets as defining the structure of the content. To achieve their goals, early "wiki" engines focused on creating rather simple server-side solutions for letting the users build the content directly through the web browser. Ward Cunningham's original idea made a virtue out of this simplicity, which relied on the users to take care that the content stayed on topic and continued to evolve in a positive direction, despite a total lack of hard measures to protect the content, they were building.

One of the obvious characteristics of the WikiWikiWeb, the extensive use of hyperlinks, was of course nothing new. Cunningham relates that he was inspired by the HyperCard application developed by Apple Computer for their Macintosh PC's in the mid-1980's. What he did was to define the convention that writing a word using CamelCase, often by SmashingWordsTogetherLikeThis would automatically make it a link to a page by that name. Strictly speaking, this mechanism commonly known as WikiLinks isn't entirely automatic, the server takes care of generating the HTML that it sends to the browser in such a way that it works, but this is still a novel idea compared to placing the chore on the shoulders of the writer. An aspect of this idea is that if a Page named TiddlyWiki exists on the site, and an author of another pages writes TiddlyWiki, not really knowing that this page exists, the rendered page will have the link all the same.

TiddlyWiki adopts this idea, but restricts the scope of the automatic linking to be within the HTML document itself, as we shall see.

Uses
http://giffmex.tiddlyspot.com/#%5B%5BTiddlyWiki%20Showcase%5D%5D

TW Help http://twhelp.tiddlyspot.com

http://www.giffmex.org/twfortherestofus.html

TiddlyWiki compared to MediaWiki
TiddlyWiki isn’t like a traditional MediaWiki or Confluence wiki which requires a database server and PHP in order to run. TiddlyWiki is a self contained .html file that you can use in any modern web browser even without internet access.

Like its big brother, MediaWiki (the web program that wikipedia runs), TiddlyWiki’s core trait is that it supports simple formatting syntax, and simple links to pages within itself. If you’re in wikipedia, and you’re viewing a page called Piano, and there is a reference to “Mozart”, instead of having to create a hyperlink containing “http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang_Amadeus_Mozart,” all you have to do is write “ Mozart ”. TiddlyWiki has a similar simplified syntax.

title: TiddlyWiki/Introduction


text:
Template:The Scientific Method

 The Scientific Method

title: Template:The Scientific Method


text:
The Scientific Method/Introduction

The Scientific Method
Welcome to the wikibook about the scientific method. This book is a wiki, and may be freely edited by all users. This book is released under the terms of the GFDL.

Who is this book for?
This book is for any person interested in learning about the scientific method. No background in science or mathematics is required to read and understand this text. Some of the historical chapters will discuss some philosophical topics that might be confusing to people with no familiarity with philosophy, but an attempt will be made to make all sections accessible.

What will this book cover?
This book is going to cover the scientific method, its history, and its applications. This book will not attempt to cover all of science, nor will it provide technical instruction in any particular branch of science. This book is mostly historical and philosophical, not technical.

How is this book organized?
This book will be organized into three primary sections. The first section will discuss the history of the scientific method, and the philosophical and scientific advancements that let to it's modern form. The second section will talk about how to apply the method to your inquiries, including a discussion of some common terms and tools. The third and final section will take a look at some specific experiments in various fields of science, to demonstrate how the method has been used to make major breakthroughs.

What are the prerequisites?
There are no specific prerequisites to reading and understanding this book. However, because the subject matter will be focused on history (especially European history) and philosophy, readers may find some benefit to reading books on those subjects first. This is not strictly required, however.

title: The Scientific Method/Introduction


text:
The Scientific Method/Historical Experiments in Biology

Leeuwenhoek and the Discovery of The Cells
Prior to Leeuwenhoek, there had been little or notion of the idea that microscopic living things could exist. Part of this was due to the fact that most microscopes of the time were not strong enough to see them, though they did exist. However, Leeuwenhoek was skillful enough to make such a powerful microscope, and observed protazoans in pond water.

Not only did he observe them, but he also was able to deduce that they were living because they were motile, and only living things have the ablility to move by their own power. Leeuwenhoek's deductions, and his creative use of technology to explore new avenues, led to the recognition of cells as the building blocks of life, which would have profound influence on biological study and knowledge.Without the microscope we couldn't see anything like airplanes and turtles so what would we do

Pasteur and the Death of Spontaneous Generation
Before Louis Pasteur and other scientists proved them wrong, the mainstream belief in science was that living things arose spontaneously from non-living things. This was particularly true of the "cells" which Leuvenhok discovered, because the cells were comparatively simple and therefore it appeared logical that they arose naturally from their environments. Another scientist named Lazzaro Spallanzani had previously proven that many bacteria (though not all) are killed by boiling and, if sealed from the air, they will not regrow in the container. However, contemporaries refused to deny spontaneous generation, saying that since the organisms spontaneously arose from air, sealing off the container made Lazzaro's hypothesis invalid.

Pasteur put this to rest by designing an experiment. He designed an apparatus, called a swan-neck flask, in which a sterile liquid was exposed to the air but no bacteria could reach it. Bacteria and the dust they lived on were trapped in the swan neck, and sterile air reached the liquid. Since the liquid did not become contaminated with bacteria, Pasteur proved that they did not spontaneously arise from the air. This led to the death of the theory of spontaneous generation and to further studies about how bacteria do reproduce. These studies are important because they have lead to an understanding of how many antibiotics, including Penicillin, work.

Robert Koch and his Four Postulates
Before scientists like Pasteur and Koch arrived on the scientific scene to prove them wrong, many scientists had false beliefs concerning the nature of disease. One of these beliefs was that infectious bacteria spontaneously generated in a human body as a result of diseases. While Pasteur proved that spontaneous generation was impossible in the air, Koch devised a scheme by which the cause of diseases in people (and animals) could be experimentally tested.

His scheme revolved around the notion that, if a person is able to prove that one organism is common to all cases of a disease, and if it can be shown that no outside factor causes the disease, then the organism must, indeed, cause the disease. To make it experimentally rigorous, Koch needed a control scheme, so he devised a set of "postulates" to prove that the organism in question actually caused the disease :

 * 1) The organism had to be present in any case of the illness in question.
 * 2) It had to be possible to take the organism out of the patient and purify it so that only one species was present. This prevents the possibility that an organism other than the one being observed actually causes the disease.
 * 3) The now-purified organism had to cause the disease when injected into a healthy animal. This prevents the possibility of something before the bacteria causing the disease, and debunks the possibility that the toxins came first and caused formation of the bacteria.
 * 4) As a final check, one must be able to re-isolate the organism from the newly-sick animal.

Koch used this to prove that Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax, and it has been used to establish the causes of a large number of other bacterial diseases as well.


text:
The Scientific Method/Historical Experiments in Chemistry

Mendeleev and the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table is an example of bringing order to a large amount of information that may seem chaotic. Before it was developed, trends between similar compounds were more difficult or impossible to visualize. There are a large number of properties which can be roughly predicted from trends in the periodic table including:

 * 1) How the elements react
 * 2) What the elements will react with
 * 3) How big the atoms are
 * 4) How the electrons are organized around the atoms.

There are several others properties that are also predicted well from the table. Mendeleev was not the first to notice the patterns but he was the first to bring an organizational scheme to the scientific community in a way that people would accept his work. In particular, he did several things differently from his predecessors:

 * 1) He chose different patterns on which to base his ordering scheme. Previous attempts at organizing the elements met with some failure because they were based on increasing atomic weight, and when two dissimilar compounds fell in the same column of the table, they went with the order based on weights, not based on properties.
 * 2) Mendeleev not only switched around molecular weights so that the properties of elements in the same column were similar, he also left spaces for undiscovered compounds when there was no in a reasonable weight range. In this way he was forward-thinking, which left room for later discoveries.
 * 3) He was able to convince people of the value of his scheme after several of the elements for which he had left "holes" were discovered.

This example shows that science benefits a great deal from the ability to organize information. Organizing information is necessary in order to generalize what is known and to generate new theories from the observed trends, and is a key step in hypothesis generation and testing.

Boyle and his Law
Boyle, back in the 17th century, helped to prove that gasses have weight and that their density depends on how much pressure is applied to them. In particular he discovered Boyle's Law, which roughly says that if you double the amount of pressure applied to a gas (at constant temperature), its volume will be halved.

He did this by making use of a manometer, which is a U-shaped instrument that measures pressure by the height of a liquid that is displaced. He capped one end and poured some mercury into the other end, thus trapping air in the middle. Then he measured the pressure, and added enough mercury to halve the volume of air present in the tube. He then measured the pressure at that instant, and through many measurements, showed that volume and pressure are inversely related.

This example shows that sometimes a scientist must be quite clever to achieve a new discovery. Many groundbreaking experiments, including this one, involved the use of fairly new inventions or apparatuses which cleverly could be used to measure quantities. It is only through measurement that hypotheses can be proved.

Avogadro and the nature of atoms and molecules
Before Avagadro made a keen, unifying observation to the theory of gasses, scientists weren't sure how to usefully define atoms and molecules, and therefore had difficulties measuring the molecular weight of compounds. However, Avagadro was able to remedy this by hypothesizing that any gas occupying the same volume at the same temperature and pressure has the same number of molecules, not the same number of atoms, and that these molecules were made of combined elements. Scientists were later able to prove that this is true by using the theory to measure atomic weights more accurately than had been possible before, and then combining them to yield the weights of known molecular compounds.

Avagadro's theory was important because it reconciled a couple of other theories: Dalton's theory that everything is made of atoms, and Gay-Lussac's observation that the volume of gasses in a gas-phase reaction changes in proportion to the molecules of gas consumed or generated. This type of unification is central to the advancement of science.

Pasteur and Enantiomers of Tartaric Acid
Among his many accomplishments, Pasteur was one of the first people to discover that certain molecules have a property called chirality. A molecule is considered chiral if its mirror image or enantiomer is different from the original molecule. A typical physical analogue to this is a glove: you cannot put the right glove on your left hand because the thumb is the "wrong way" (unless they're specifically designed to fit both, in which case the glove is achiral).

Pasteur's experiment involved separating the enantiomers of tartaric acid from a mixture containing both. Now, enantiomers are not in general easy to separate from each other because they usually have identical physical and chemical properties, but tartaric acid is unusual because it forms crystals which are visibly different from one another in their direction. Therefore, Pasteur was able to visually separate the two enantiomers.

Once he separated, he drew upon the work of Jean Biot and shined light through each enantiomer. Biot had previously shown that, due to some unknown physical phenomenon, some substances rotated light in one direction, some on another direction, and some did not at all. Pasteur hypothesized that this was due to the presence of the asymmetric enantiomers, and when he tested his theory he turned out to be right.

It is now known that many compounds are achiral due to the nature of carbon-carbon bonds. In particular, if a carbon has four different substituents attached to it, that carbon is chiral Pasteur's experiment helped in both deducing structures of chiral compounds and in spurring experiments regarding their biological significance.


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The Scientific Method/Introduction to Science

Science
Modern science is broken into so many divergent branches that it's almost inconceivable to think that they are all related. However, despite the varied subject matter, all scientific disciplines are tied together through their use of a common method, the scientific method. The scientific method is mostly a philosophical exercise that is used to refine human knowledge.

Precepts of the Method
Different disciplines may employ the general scientific method in slightly different ways, but the major precepts are the same:

 * Verifiability:Any result should be provable. Any person (with the proper training and equipment) must be able to reproduce and verify any scientific result.
 * Predictability:Any scientific theory should enable us to make predictions of future events. The precision of these predictions is a measure of the strength of the theory.

 * Falsifiability:Falsifiability is an important notion in science and the philosophy of science. For an assertion to be falsifiable it must be logically possible to make an observation or do a physical experiment that would show the assertion to be false. It is important to note that "falsifiable" does not mean false. Some philosophers and scientists, most notably Karl Popper, have asserted that no empirical hypothesis, proposition, or theory can be considered scientific if no observation could be made which might contradict it. Note that if an assertion is falsifiable its negation can be unfalsifiable, and vice-versa. For example, "God does exist" is unfalsifiable, while its negation "God doesn't exist" is falsifiable. Any scientific theory must have criteria under which it is deemed invalid. Should predictions and verifications fail completely, the theory must be abandoned.
 * Fairness:Data needs to be analyzed as a whole or as a representative sample. We cannot pick and choose what data to keep and what to discard. Also, we cannot focus our attention on data that proves or disproves a particular hypothesis, we must account for all data even if it invalidates the hypothesis.

Stages of the Method
We will get into more detail in the following chapters, but the basic steps to the scientific method are as follows:

 * 1) Observe a natural phenomenon
 * 2) Make a hypothesis about the phenomenon
 * 3) Test the hypothesis

Once the hypothesis has been tested, if it is true we can work to find more evidence, or we can find counter-evidence. If the hypothesis is false, we create a new hypothesis and try again.

The important thing to note here is that the scientific process is never-ending. No result is ever considered to be perfect, and at no point do we stop looking at evidence.

Example: Newton and Einstein
Isaac Newton, a brilliant physicist, developed a number of laws of motion and mechanics that we still use today. For many many years the laws of Newton were considered to be absolute fact. Many years later, a physicist known as Albert Einstein noticed that in certain situations Newton's laws were incorrect. Especially in cases where the object under consideration is moving at speed nearing the speed of light.Einstein helped to create a new theory, the theory of relativity, that corrected those errors. Even though Einstein was a brilliant scientist, modern physicists are developing new theories because there are some small errors in Einstein's theories. Each new generation of physicists helps to reduce the errors of the previous generations.

The Complete Method
The complete scientific method, as it is generally known is:

 * 1) Define the question
 * 2) Gather data and observations
 * 3) Form hypothesis
 * 4) Perform experiment and collect data
 * 5) Interpret data and draw conclusions

Notice that the first step is to define the question. In other words, we can not look for an answer if we do not know what the question is first. Once we have the question, we need to observe the situation and gather appropriate data. We need to gather all data, not just selectively acquire data to support a particular hypothesis, or to make analysis more simple.

Once we have our data, we can analyze it to determine a hypothesis. In many cases a hypothesis is a mathematical relationship between the data points. However, it is not necessary to use mathematics at any point with the scientific method. Once we have our hypothesis, we need to test it. Testing is a complicated process, and will be the focus of the second section in this book. We collect data from our tests, and attempt to fit that data to our hypothesis. At this point, we need to ask, is the hypothesis right or wrong? Or, if it is not completely wrong nor completely right, we need to ask if this hypothesis is better then the previous hypothesis? If this hypothesis is not quite right, we can modify it and perform the tests again.

Once we have completed tests and verified our hypothesis, we need to draw conclusions from that. What does our hypothesis mean, in the bigger picture? What kinds of relationships between the data can we find? What further problems does this hypothesis cause? What would it take to prove this hypothesis wrong?


text: Category:Book:The Scientific Method

title: Category:Book:The Scientific Method


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Circuit Theory/Frequency Response

If
 * The Output Voltage is Vo
 * The Input Voltage is Vi
 * ω = 2πf
 * The Impedance of Resistor : ZR = R
 * The Impedance of Capacitor : ZC = RC + 1 / jωC
 * The Impedance of Inductor : ZL = RL + jωL
 * The Respond Frequency is the Frequency when Capacitor or Inductor starts to React or conduct current : ωo
 * ω : 0 → ωo : Low Frequency Range
 * ω : ωo → Infinity : High Frequency Range

Resistor
The Voltage or Current of the resistor does not change with frequency or time only the magnitude change

$$V_o = V_i - I*Z_R = V_i - I*R $$

Capacitor
The Voltage of the Capacitor lags the applied Voltage one angle of 90°

The Capacitor has a respond frequency equal to 1 / RC (The frequency when Capacitor starts to react i.e. starts to conduct ). And the time it takes to reach this frequency equals RC

The Voltage or Current of the Capacitor will change with frequency or time

$$V_o = V_i - I * Z_C $$ = Vi - I * [RC + 1 / jωC]

The circuit of the Capacitor is more stable at high frequency. Frequencies from the response frequency 1 / RC to infinity

Inductor
The Voltage of the Inductor lead the applied Voltage one angle of 90°

The Inductor has a respond frequency equal to R / L. And the time it takes to reach this frequency equals L / R

The Voltage or Current of the Inductor will change with frequency or time

$$V_o = V_i - I * Z_L $$ = Vi - I * [RL - jωL]

The circuit of the Inductor is more stable at low frequency (The Voltage of the Inductor Does change with Frequency). Frequencies from zero up to the response frequency R / L

With the right connection of the Resistor and Capacitor or Inductor the circuit can be used as a Low Pass Filter or High Pass Filter

title: Circuit Theory/Frequency Response


text:
The Scientific Method/History of Scientific Thought

Early Science
Some of the earliest science was a combination of practical wisdom, basic arithmetic, observations, and mysticism. Many early civilizations used supernaturalism to explain natural phenomena, which helps to explain why these early civilizations had such a broad and varied mythos. Every new phenomena required the creation of a new god, goddess, spirit, or demon for explanation.

The sun was not a burning sphere in space, but instead it was the god Apollo on a burning, flying chariot. Desert mirages were not an optical and psychological occurrence, it was a trick played by an evil jinn. Natural disasters represented the wrath of an angered deity.

Greece and Rome
The rise of Greece and Rome created an environment where philosophical minds could consider the natural world more readily and easily than was possible in previous times. The philosophical tradition began with Thales of Miletus, who posited that the world was made of water. While it's obvious to us now that the world is not made of water, it does give insight into the conceptual framework that the earliest scientists had. It is clear that the world is not immutable, that is that it changes over time. Water is also known to take multiple forms of ice (solid) and vapor (gas).

After Thales, there was a long line of scientific thinkers: Anaximenes (who held that the world was made of air, not water), Pythagoras, Heraclitus, Democritus, and Euclid. Aristotle, one of the last great Greek philosophers was said to know all of the science by the time he died.

Dark Ages
After the fall of the Roman empire, Europe descended into a period known as the dark ages. Religious oppression and oppression by feudal lords led to a sharp decline in scientific thought. then no one knows!!

Renaissance
The renaissance or the "rebirth" was a period where great thinkers challenged the power of the church and opened up the way for science to grow once again. Much of science at the beginning of the renaissance was centered around observational science, such as astronomy (with Galileo, Copernicus, and Kepler). However, Mathematics was going through a rebirth of its own, and many great thinkers had begun formalizing mathematical tools and applying them to physical problems. Rene Descartes, a preeminent philosopher, scientist, and mathematician created the first version of the scientific method and employed it to study various subjects in science and philosophy.

Best known for this period, although certainly not the only great thinker was Isaac Newton, who used the new mathematics of Calculus to unify the study of physics and astronomy.

Industrial Revolution
The industrial revolution was a time when machines were used to a much greater extent than they had ever been. Many processes were automated through the use of mechanical machines, and many great inventions, including the steam engine, were created. It was during this time that many great scientists began to study electricity and magnetism, effects that were poorly understood and not explained by the theories of newton.

Modern Science
While the world of the industrial revolution was about mechanics and machines, the modern world has been dominated by the study and application of electricity. Starting with the equations of Maxwell, many great thinkers such as Heaviside, Edison, Tesla, and Hertz began to invent new technologies that we still use today: Telephones, Electrical power distribution, and electrical communications. With the advent of the vacuum tube and silicone transistor, the computer revolution has pushed science and technology further and faster than it has ever been.


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BlitzMax/Modules/Data structures/Maps

A map contains a set of key/value pairs. The keys and values may be any object type. A Red-Black Tree is used as the data structure.

For ordered collections of objects, see Linked lists.

=Functions=

CreateMap
Function CreateMap:TMap

Description: Create a map

Returns: A new map object

ClearMap
Function ClearMap( map:TMap )

Description: Clear a map

Information: ClearMap removes all keys and values from map

MapIsEmpty
Function MapIsEmpty( map:TMap )

Description: Check if a map is empty

Returns: True if map is empty, otherwise false

MapInsert
Function MapInsert( map:TMap,key:Object,value:Object )

Description: Insert a key/value pair into a map

Information: If map already contained key, its value is overwritten with value.

Example: ' mapinsert.bmx

Local map:TMap = CreateMap

MapInsert(map, "Key 1", "Value 1")

Print MapIsEmpty(map)

ClearMap(map)

Print MapIsEmpty(map)

MapValueForKey
Function MapValueForKey:Object( map:TMap,key:Object )

Description: Find a value given a key

Returns: The value associated with key

Information: If map does not contain key, a Null object is returned.

Example: ' mapvalueforkey.bmx

Local map:TMap = CreateMap

MapInsert(map, "Key 1", "Value 1")

Print String(MapValueForKey(map, "Key 1"))

MapContains
Function MapContains( map:TMap,key:Object )

Description: Check if a map contains a key

Returns: True if map contains key

Example: 'mapcontains.bmx

Local map:TMap = CreateMap

MapInsert(map, "Key 1", "Value 1")

Print MapContains(map, "Key 1") Print MapContains(map, "Key 2")

MapRemove
Function MapRemove( map:TMap,key:Object )

Description: Remove a key/value pair from a map

Comment: Unlike the Remove method for TMap, this function does not return whether the key/value pair was removed or not.

Example: ' mapremove.bmx

Local map:TMap = CreateMap

MapInsert(map, "Key 1", "Value 1")

Print MapContains(map, "Key 1")

MapRemove(map, "Key 1")

Print MapContains(map, "Key 1")

MapKeys
Function MapKeys:TMapEnumerator( map:TMap )

Description: Get map keys

Returns: An iterator object

Information: The object returned by MapKeys can be used with EachIn to iterate through the keys in map.

Example: ' mapkeys.bmx

Local map:TMap = CreateMap

MapInsert(map, "Key 1", "Value 1") MapInsert(map, "Key 2", "Value 2")

Local obj:Object For obj = EachIn MapKeys(map) Print(String(obj) + "," + String(MapValueForKey(map, obj))) Next

MapValues
Function MapValues:TMapEnumerator( map:TMap )

Description: Get map values

Returns: An iterator object

Information: The object returned by MapValues can be used with EachIn to iterate through the values in map.

Example: ' mapvalues.bmx

Local map:TMap = CreateMap

MapInsert(map, "Key 1", "Value 1") MapInsert(map, "Key 2", "Value 2")

Local obj:Object For obj = EachIn MapValues(map) Print String(obj) Next

CopyMap
Function CopyMap:TMap( map:TMap )

Description: Copy a map

Returns: A copy of map

Example: ' copymap.bmx

Local map:TMap = CreateMap

MapInsert(map, "Key 1", "Value 1")

Local map2:TMap = CopyMap(map)

Print String(MapValueForKey(map2, "Key 1"))

title: BlitzMax/Modules/Data structures/Maps


text:
Autistic Survival Guide/Understanding Non-autistic Thought Processes

= Understanding non-autistic thought processes =
 * NOTE: This section does NOT explain everything that happens in SOCIETY, but it goes a long way to understanding SOCIAL situations.
 * It is impossible to overstate the importance of self confidence in this world.
 * Self confidence is invaluable in at least three aspects of life: attracting partners, dealing with people in general and in personal wellbeing.
 * Understanding the role of self confidence is possible in the context of this framework, and although I think that it is true, it doesn't actually matter whether it is or not since it approximates non-autistic behaviour very well:
 * Self confidence is a huge biological factor in animal mating rituals.
 * Animals within a single sex of a species will compete amongst themselves by challenging each other in various ways to determine who dominates and submits to who. The end result of this is the "pecking order".
 * Being high in a pecking order involves having few leaders and tends to increase "alpha partner" neurotransmitters that make an animal much more confident.
 * Being low in a pecking order involves having many leaders and tends to cause more stress which decreases confidence and also shortens an animals life.
 * Being confident is hard to fake since being bold tends to attract negative attention from the competition and may lead to fights.
 * The opposite sex are attracted to the most confident since confidence is a key indicator of being the best of the competition.
 * Since the opposite sex are attracted to the most confident and therefore successful within the pecking order, the offspring tend to get better DNA, and the species benefits.
 * A females hormonal cycles make her more aggressive during the time that she is ready to mate, adding yet another confidence test in the case of a male.
 * A male will tend to have these hormones most of the time, forcing a female to be much more selective.
 * In species such as ours where the offspring are nurtured and raised by at least one parent, strength of character, generosity and sensitivity are huge factors in attractiveness.
 * In species such as ours where raising offspring is a two parent job, compatibility and loyalty are also huge factors in attractiveness since the parents may be in each others company for quite some time.
 * These rules seem to apply even when people are avoiding having children or only interested in casual sex. It simply appears to be so instinctive to non-autistic people that they don't even think about it.
 * In this context, the following should be clearer:
 * Most human endeavours and behaviours that are not related to survival are probably related to climbing the pecking order so that the individual can build self confidence and become more attractive.
 * Clubs and sports are examples of social hierarchies that are often designed for the purpose of having a pecking order that can be challenged.
 * Financial success, popularity and charity are often also social status games, though sometimes they have more to do with survival.
 * Non-autistic people often believe something largely on the basis of how confidently it has been said. This is a powerful rule.  None of the famous leaders or despots of the world would have gotten as far as they did without having consistently displayed an air of rock solid self belief.
 * People often do things in personal interaction that are designed to test or demolish a persons confidence or challenge the pecking order.
 * People also often use an attack on peoples confidence to communicate dissatisfaction. If the message isn't communicated properly, the situation can escalate.
 * People often resort to telling a white lie or a "hint" rather than a truth which may appear to be an attack on someone's confidence. Considering this to be nice is probably a good idea.
 * The concept of equality (or equity) that autistic people seem to hold so dearly often simply doesn't exist in non-autistic people, despite platitudes to the contrary.
 * Presenting an air of confidence while assertively avoiding conflict can be a good strategy for surviving social situations generally.
 * Presenting an air of confidence while assertively deflecting challenges can be a good strategy for thriving in some social situations.
 * Initiating and winning challenges is a difficult thing for NT's to do, and is a recipe for disaster for autistic spectrum people.
 * To initiate a challenge and not win is to lose. Since it is far too easy to be seen as initiating a challenge when trying to negotiate serious issues with other people, it is very important to make sure the other person knows that you're trying to negotiate rather than challenge.
 * Small talk and body language help to avoid many potential conflicts which may come about according to these rules by communicating the basics about where people are coming from.
 * Self confidence in and of itself enhances a persons ability to function effectively.
 * To interact with people you like, it is often necessary to be part of a social hierarchy with people you don't like.
 * There are men in this world who have no claim to any form of social status and whose confidence comes directly from being able to pull women.
 * The difference between self esteem and self confidence is subtle yet significant.
 * Self confidence (or self_efficacy) is what you have when you believe that you can survive the situation you are in satisfactorily.
 * Self_esteem is what you have when you believe that your life is valuable and worth respecting.
 * Where does the autistic spectrum mind fit into all of this? Perhaps we are stuck in "survival mode".  Perhaps we are capable of finding fulfilment in things other than sex and relationships.  Perhaps we are trying to play the social status game by developing passions to share with others.

The Physiology and Energy of Self Confidence

 * Lack of self confidence can also be observed at physiological and energetic levels. Therefore the question of self-confidence can also be addressed at these respective levels. Actions than can be taken are numerous, and can include sport, art, meditation, nutrition, and complementary and alternative medicine that understand correlation between self-confidence and physiology and/or energy.

Another way to understand the social status game

 * Just as in strategy games, the social status game has complex strategy, or unwritten rules which all stem from the simple idea that every player is out to win the game according to a specific measurement of success defined and limited by relatively simple written rules.
 * In the social status game, the measurement and limitations seem to be part of Sexual_selection. To win in the game, one must mate as often as possible with appropriate partner/s.  The implication of this is that one must BE the best possible mating partner that they can be as often as possible.  In turn, one must perpetually be displaying examples of these characteristics.
 * In fact, when people talk about maturity and development, they're usually talking about how far someone has progressed in this game.
 * Examples of how these basic rules and goals end up translating into life's unwritten rules:
 * Attractive people are nice to be close to and associated with and are therefore clean and otherwise physically attractive to appropriate partners.
 * By being accepted by friends who are fellow competitors in the social status game, one gets to practice and display strength of character, loyalty, and other characteristics required to be accepted rather than dominated by such people.
 * By helping others "less fortunate", one displays generosity. If done appropriately, this displays sensitivity.  Put-downs often come under this rule.
 * By having a good income and by being independent, one displays the ability to support a family.
 * By having a better education and better marketable skills, one has access to better income opportunities.
 * By being good at sports and by being able to resolve conflicts without losing face, one displays the ability to defend a family.
 * By putting others slightly above or equal in the pecking order down, rank can be gained when swapping places in the pecking order. Done correctly, this should look like "helping someone less fortunate" or "resolving conflict without losing face" otherwise, this can look like bullying, which it often is, and backfire.
 * By finding and maintaining an "image" and manner that appropriately reflects ones personality, one helps potential partners determine compatibility.
 * By being subtle and discreet about your goals in this game and not promiscuous, one displays the characteristics required to remain loyal in long term child rearing relationships.
 * Since equality/equivalence only ever exists between people who haven't determined who dominates in the pecking order, "difficult" children and other inferiors are always trying to assert leadership and the remedy is to show them who's boss. When this doesn't work, they have a disorder or an attitude problem.
 * By being inventive and creative in such a way that the world becomes a better place, one almost by necessity has to worry less about personal gain and the social status game and ends up displaying only some of the characteristics of good mating partners and perhaps eccentricity, arrogance, mind blindness and lack of situational awareness.
 * By going into unnecessary detail on any given subject, one fools with the plot mode picture building process, displays a lack of connection with their conversation partner and appears to be self absorbed.
 * By playing with friends and losing, one gets a chance to learn from their mistakes, develop the characteristics of good mating partners and "mature". Therefore, over-reacting is missing the point of play.
 * By playing with friends and winning, one gets a chance to prove ones value in their friends development. Therefore, playing too competitively and lording it over the loser is inappropriate.
 * By having friends that are not at the same maturity level as oneself, one does not contribute and benefit contstructively from the relationship, therefore one has to "move on".
 * By being a happy person generally, one displays comfort with ones place in the world, an ability to survive difficult situations and a readiness to mate.
 * By being popular with, and "acquiring" potential partners, one has achieved the primary goal of the social status game, and therefore has little need to build further status. The object now becomes to put the characteristics displayed into effect.
 * Since most children will grow up to marry and have children of their own, "development" is about accomplishing this goal and "maturity" is a measure of success.
 * XXX This subsection needs to be rewritten and expanded into a book. The idea that non-autistic people are out to a> survive, and b> mate is the beginning of EVERY social story that is likely to help autistic spectrum people understand the non-autistic world.
 * The subtlety here is that "displaying" is just as much about subconsciously proving to ones self where they stand in the pecking order. This is then reflected to potential partners by way of an outward display of confidence.
 * The trick to understanding this game is that (particularly non-autistic) people tend to assume everyone is striving to play it ALL THE TIME. Every single action performed by everybody must somehow be an attempt to maintain or improve ones position on the ladder legitimately or illegitimately or to "cash in" and mate, or to survive so as to be able to do so, or to give in because one is unable to do so.
 * One thing that I find helps me understand why NT's don't consider the practice in the last statement unethical is that their one and only philosophy is that EVERYBODY is playing social status games, and that kinda makes sense ethically. If everyone is playing social status games to win, then making them lose is OK.
 * Please don't take this section too seriously, and if you do, try to read it constructively. Please also note that this section is likely to be a recipe for becoming a sociopath, if taken to heart.
 * Personal observations:
 * When I first observed autistic spectrum peoples behaviour as a child, it was as if they appeared to be more "real" than the non-autistic people, who seemed rather like ghosts or half people to me. I imagine that this was because my mirror neurons were firing for the non-autistic people.
 * When I adopt a mindset in which everything happening around me socially must somehow be related to the primary goal as stated above, I can often work out where non-autistic people are coming from fairly quickly (not real time) and the ghost people are a lot more real to me. This makes it much easier to communicate with them too, but when I want to communicate with autistic spectrum people again it takes effort to switch back and rethink what is happening.
 * Something that convinces me that this theory is close to the mark is that when I am thinking with this mindset, I tend to jump to the same conclusions about other autistic peoples social endeavours that non-autistic people do.
 * One consistent point of failure in my social endeavours is when people realise that I am not interested in playing the social status game even when I've never broken any social rules. The first impression is always that I must be a whacko.
 * These last statements tend to be consistent with observations I made of drama shows while researching this subject. Every show seems to have an odd collection of geeks, manipulators, and otherwise typical people.  The manipulators always get a better "social deal" than the geeks, and both are tainted with the same brush when one screws up.  It's as if people consider geeks to be less "mature" manipulators.
 * Some may observe that the examples stated above assume that people are heterosexual and (relatively) monogamous and therefore the theory cannot be true. In answer to this, may I point out that there are in fact large rifts between gay, lesbian, heterosexual and non-monogamous cultures, perhaps for the very reason that the rules are necessarily slightly different for each of these cultures.
 * Apparently this is not even a New Concept. See also Sexual selection and Geoffrey Miller.
 * Reconciling this theory with other theories:
 * Monotropism:
 * It could even be said that this game forces players to use the plot rather than detail view of the world since everybody has to be on the lookout for threats and opportunities and that non-autistic people are monotropic about social status rather than polytropic.
 * Multiple causes of autism:
 * Throw a piece of mud at a wall.
 * Notice that the wall does vaguely nothing.
 * Notice that the piece of mud does many things. First amongst them, dividing into many differently behaving pieces of mud.
 * The social status game is EXTREMELY complex and there are MANY ways to deal with it when it's difficult to play. This doesn't mean that the different methods have different causes.
 * Theory of Mind:
 * Understanding the context of any given situation is quite necessary before theory of mind is possible. One must understand something about mechanics to be able to assign motives to a mechanic from watching him work.  The social status game described above is just such a context.
 * Extreme Male Brain XXX:
 * Central Coherence Deficit XXX:
 * Executive Function Deficit XXX:

Reasons that understanding the non-autistic world is necessary

 * To be able to "defeat" your autism spectrum problems, you must be able to think like a non-autistic.
 * Learning what the reward will actually be like when you succeed is worth the effort.
 * Understanding the context of where non-autistic people "are" is an extremely useful TRANSLATION tool.
 * Understanding how non-autistic people work tends to make them more predictable and helps to reduce social anxiety.
 * To be able to survive in the non-autistic world while retaining self esteem one needs to know how to not give people reason to attack it.
 * To be able to withdraw from the non-autistic world, one needs to know how to do so without stepping on peoples toes and be able to leave the door open for a return.
 * To know how to enter and leave the world at will, one is able to waste less of ones time.
 * To know the similarities and differences is to be able to recognise and communicate with fellow auties more effectively.
 * Autistic spectrum people may have some similarities, but realistically, we all live in our own individual worlds, largely separated even from each other.
 * To know how non-autistic people think, one is better equipped to create things for them. Think user interfaces, books and art.
 * To be able to manipulate this environment, it is necessary to know what it is so that you don't end up destroying it and pissing people off.
 * There is no point in trying to understand what autism is in technical terms without knowing what it is to be non-autistic, in technical terms. I strongly agree with Marc Segar on this.
 * Understanding what is happening in the autistic spectrum world will be easier if autistic spectrum people know what the differences between the worlds are.
 * The non-autistic world is making inroads into the autistic spectrum world lately and is quite willing to address any issues they see arising from our differences, some of which are quite real and many of which are not. We may have a sense of security in the vastly diverging differences amongst us, but if we do not make an effort, the solutions to these issues are likely to be theirs alone.

Reasons to avoid understanding the non-autistic world

 * It has long been known that an autistic spectrum person who gets too drawn into the non-autistic world will suffer. People have said that Marc Segar killed himself because of this.

Reasons that non-autistic people have issues making room for autistic spectrum people and probably always will

 * Non-autistic people may know at some level what's going on and often explain it in their language, but rarely know in technical terms what they're doing.
 * There is only ONE context of understanding in the non-autistic world. One approximated in this section.  Switching to another is extremely difficult for anyone, let alone someone who has never done it before.
 * There are in fact people who have bad higher level social skills who make a practice of taking advantage of others. These people are called manipulators or sociopaths and many of the social rules are designed as protection from them.
 * Autistic people are often mistaken for sociopaths or manipulators because most people are not used to dealing with people who are very honest and/or genuine in their mannerisms. They often feel there must be some sort of agenda behind one's actions.
 * An alternate view to the last statement: Autistic spectrum people are often mistaken for sociopaths or manipulators by non-autistic people because sociopaths and autistic spectrum people have the same fundamental characteristics in the non-autistic persons minds eye, only, the sociopaths are more worth talking to because their understanding of the non-autistic world is better because they focus more on interaction between people, as it interests them more.
 * Another alternate view to the last two statements: Autistic spectrum people, especially people with aspergers (simply because people with aspergers tend to make social efforts more than autistics), may be viewed by non-autistic people as sociopaths because the autistic people may match the image of a sociopath.  This is simply because autistic people may appear to not care in both their actions and words, while at the same time they may appear to not be genuine.  This is a simplistic and uninformed view, of course, because it might be said that autistic people are the opposite of sociopaths: The autistic person cares and is often making an effort, an effort which may not come naturally, to appear social and to relate, while the sociopath is adept at being social and lacks concern or care for other people.

Non-Autistic Thought Process Factoids

 * Non-autistic people do their "developmental thinking" between social interactions, as opposed to during one or never at all. XXX define "developmental thinking".
 * Non-autistic people seem to be able to quickly imagine and choose between the myriads of different ways that a conversation can go. This is an unconscious process for them.

Autists vs non-autists

 * Autistic people can "connect" if they have common interests. Outside of that, the communication problems can be just as difficult as between autists and non-autists.
 * It is possible for autists and non-autists to "connect" as long as both parties can compensate for each others communication weaknesses.
 * The work required by both parties to get to this point can be enough of a mind bender to make it difficult for a person to be able to communicate with their own kind if they make habits of the communication techniques that make this possible.
 * Non-autistic people tend to learn by example and memorise by rote repetition.
 * Autistic people learn by being able to find accurate visualised representations of the lesson, and gain faith in those visualisations by seeing them work in action.
 * Non-autistic people tend to get all aspects of social interaction 50-99% right all the time.
 * Autistic people can get aspects 100% right or 200% wrong, yet rarely, if ever will an autistic person be able to achieve 50% of all of them.
 * Non-autistic people seem to make a game of judging each other by how close they get to 100% (see section on confidence). This may be at least part of the reason that it is difficult to get explanations out of non-autistic people.  It can be seen as an attempt to cheat the game.


text:
Circuit Theory/Introduction to Filtering

Filter is a circuit constructed from Resistor and Capacitor or Inductor in order to pass certain range of frequencies. The range of frequencies that make the circuit stable

Let examine the following circuits

RC Circuit
A circuit with one resistor in series with the input and one capacitor parallel to the load
 * $$V_o = V_i \frac{\frac{1}{j\omega C}}{R + \frac{1}{j\omega C}}$$

 * {| class="wikitable"

! ω = 0 !! $$\omega = \frac{R}{L} $$!! ω = Infinity
 * $$ V_o = V_i $$|| $$V_o = V_i$$ || $$V_o = 0$$
 * }
 * }

The RC circuit is more stable at frequencies from zero up to the response frequency :$$\frac{1}{RC}$$. This circuit is ideal for Low Pass Frequency Filter.

CR Circuit
A circuit with one capacitor in series with the input and one resistor parallel to the load

 * $$V_o = V_i \frac{R}{R + \frac{1}{j\omega C}}$$

 * {| class="wikitable"

! ω = 0 !! ω = $$\frac{R}{L}$$ !! ω = Infinity
 * $$V_o = 0$$ || $$V_o = V_i$$ || $$V_o = V_i$$
 * }
 * }

The CR circuit is more stable at frequencies from the response frequency $$\frac{1}{RC}$$ up to infinity. This circuit is ideal for High Pass Frequency Filter.

RL Circuit
A circuit with one resistor in serires with the input and one inductor parallel to the load

 * $$V_o = V_i \frac{j\omega L}{R + j\omega L}$$

 * {| class="wikitable"

! ω = 0 !! $$\omega = \frac{R}{L}$$ !! ω = Infinity
 * $$V_o = 0$$ || $$V_o = V_i$$ || $$V_o = V_i$$
 * }
 * }

The RL circuit is more stable at frequencies from the response frequency $$\frac{R}{L}$$ up to infinity. This circuit is ideal for High Pass Frequency Filter.

LR Circuit
A circuit with one inductor in serires with the input and one resistor parallel to the load

$$V_o = V_i \frac{R}{R + j\omega L}$$

The LR circuit is more stable at frequencies from zero up to the response frequency $$\frac{R}{L}$$. This circuit is ideal for Low Pass Frequency Filter.

In Conclusion, Resistor and Capacitor or Inductor can be used for constructing a Filter

 * For Low Pass Filter use LR or RC
 * For High Pass Filter use RL or CR


text:
User talk:38.116.192.97

Hello! i've seen your work on the Circuit Theory book, and I am very impressed! Maybe you should create a username and an account? With an account you can take credit for your contributions, and you actually get to be more anonymous because other users won't be able to see your IP address every time you edit.

If you have any questions, you can ask me on my user talk page. --Whiteknight (talk) 15:40, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Life is too precious
Please stop adding such pages. Wikibooks is for writing educational materials and not place for everything. --Derbeth talk 17:16, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Please Stop Adding Pages
Please stop adding pages to the Digital Circuits book. You are adding them incorrectly. I tried to move one of them to help you, and you moved it back. Do not add more pages, I will clean up the pages you have already added, and then I can show you how to add more. --Whiteknight (talk) 18:00, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I have blocked you for two hours from editing because you are continuing to add pages inappropriately. If you need help, please ask first. --Whiteknight (talk) 18:04, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Okay, I have fixed all the pages and have unblocked you. You may continue to edit now, but please do not create new pages inappropriately. If you need help, please ask somebody first. --Whiteknight (talk) 18:09, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Blocked
You cannot edit for 1 week due to disruptive editing. You are welcome to contribute constructively when editing privileges are restored. You may appeal this action with a reasonable argument by adding the text below.

--ЗAНИA talk 21:20, 7 November 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:38.116.192.97


text:
User talk:Trogdor

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 15:47, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

Dan Corbett
Please do not recreate this page again or add other nonsense - you will be blocked -- Herby talk thyme 16:02, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Trogdor


text:
Talk:Russian/Adjectives

This should be merged because in the Russian language adjectives aren't just adjectives on their own. They are a distinct part of the grammar in the sentence. They vary depending on the gender of the subject, the case of the senstence, and the number of subjects. A person learning Russian from the wikibooks page would not understand the concept of adjectives unless an explanation accompanied it.

title: Talk:Russian/Adjectives


text:
User talk:Dangerskater666

Welcome to Wikibooks. We invite everyone to contribute constructively to our collection. Take a look at the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing. However, unconstructive edits are considered vandalism, and if you continue in this manner you may be blocked from editing without further warning. Please stop, and consider improving rather than damaging the hard work of others. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 15:54, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dangerskater666


text:
User talk:63.165.147.71

Thanks for experimenting with Wikibooks. Your test worked, and has now been removed. Please use Sandbox for any other tests you want to do, since testing material in modules will normally be removed quickly. Please see the welcome page if you would like to learn more about contributing to our project. Thanks. -- Herby talk thyme 16:10, 8 May 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:63.165.147.71