text:
User talk:James Craven~enwikinews

Welcome
, welcome to Wikinews! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Sugarpine 15:35, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called James Craven. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name James Craven~enwikinews that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:19, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:32, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:James Craven~enwikinews


text:
New Zealand students given credits for simple tasks

November 12, 2006

Students in hundreds of schools around New Zealand are given NCEA (National Certificate of Educational Achievement) credits for simple, everyday tasks, an investigation by The New Zealand Herald on Sunday shows.

The simple standards include: applying for a benefit, keeping healthy, talking and listening to a friend, wrapping a gift, dressing appropriately, washing clothes, working in a group, understanding the concept of friendship, ordering groceries either over the phone or in person. One of the standards include coming to school on time and good behaviour for 20 days, it appears on the students records as: "Work and Study Skills: Demonstrate Care and Timeliness as an Employee".

Bill English, Member of Parliament for National and the education spokesman for National, said: "The easy credits demotivated students. Take someone who's struggling with maths and works hard to get four or five credits - and then they see their mate getting three credits for holding a conversation... That's something that children learn when they're 2, 3, 4... It hardly seems credit material."

All those standards are available to any student who goes to a school which is accredited to assess the standard internally. The standards are not made up by the school but are real standards written by the New Zealand Qualifications Authority (NZQA).

The NZQA said, on Friday, that the standards would be marked down as "special supported learning" but recently they went back on that and said that now the credits are "mainstream and not differentiated on NCEA records."

The chief executive of NZQA, Bali Haque, said: "Level one was absolutely basic and the delivery of unit standards was a developing process. There's no doubt that you will find anomalies. The intention here is to recognise the learning that people have done, and give them credit for it."

Mr Haque admits that this system "is not perfect" but is adamant that schools will not exploit the imperfect system as to boost pass rates, unlike in 2004 when Cambridge High School used legitimate standards to boost pass rates. The school used one standard that was titled "Interpersonal Communications: Participate in a team or group to complete routine tasks," and all the student had to do was pick up rubbish in a group. This standard is still available.

The dean of education at the University of Auckland, John Langley, said: "The other standards are meaningless. I turned 51 last week and I still can't gift wrap a parcel - and actually, it doesn't matter. The authority needed to look at what the NCEA standards were and how they were applied." "It is better to offer people those sorts of simple, unsophisticated qualifications than not to - as long as people understand the purpose," Mr Haque said. The secondary principals' association head, Graham Young, said: "The NCEA system put pressure on schools to accumulate credits - and the easiest way to do that was to encourage students into internally assessed unit standards. There are some very low-level unit standards which are extraordinarily easy to pass... For people with above-average or average abilities to be using those unit standards is absolute nonsense." Spokesman, Gilbert Peterson, for the employers and manufacturers association, said: "The titles of particular standards meant nothing to employers faced with a big grab bag of assessments. It's going to cause bewilderment and confusion, quite frankly. Getting credits for doing the washing or talking to your mate is just amazing. Any businessperson reading this would be quite appalled. We're absolutely sure of that." However Mr Haque said that he was confident employers would recognise the standards as basic, and that they were not misleading.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Talk:New Zealand students given credits for simple tasks

One source
From the wikinews IRC chat room: " Can I write an article with only one source? There is only one source at the moment because it was a special investigation by the newspaper  that's the exception  to the rule  go ahead"

Why did you even list it here? Sugarpine 15:48, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
 * To explain why there was only one source instead of the required 2+ and to provide evidence. --Nzgabriel | Talk 18:43, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Typo
editprotected 'appropiately' => 'appropriately' Van der Hoorn (talk) 16:22, 26 February 2009 (UTC)

 * ✅ ♪Tempo di Valse ♪ 01:27, 8 March 2009 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Touchtypo

Welcome
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title: User talk:Touchtypo


text:
Category:Bill Clinton

es:Categoría:Bill Clinton

title: Category:Bill Clinton


text:
User:Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington/monobook.css

@import url(http://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Wikinews:Skins/Datrio.css&action=raw&ctype=text/css);


text: Category:John R. Bolton

title: Category:John R. Bolton


text:
Court orders ex-cricketer out of Bigg Boss

November 12, 2006

Salil Ankola, who was one of the celebrities participating in the reality TV-show Bigg Boss, which is said to be an adopted version of the Big Brother series from the UK; had to leave the house of Bigg Boss following a ruling from the High Court of Maharashtra.

Ankola's trouble began when Balaji Telefilms Ltd., dragged him to the court for appearing in a rival production house. He had signed up a contract with this production house in the month of August, and was expected to abide by the contract for the next 12 months. However, he shot through the months of September and October and did not show up in November. The High Court ordered that until the arbitration in this matter is pending, the actor cannot act, endorse, advertise or do voice-overs for production houses that compete with Balaji.


text:
Polish drug company Jelfa ordered to shut-down over mislabelled drugs

November 8, 2006

Polish Prime Minister Jarosław Kaczyński has ordered the pharmaceutical company Jelfa to halt production following revelations that Jelfa had placed mislabelled medication on the market, whose use could be potentially fatal.

Jelfa distributed vials labelled as Corhydron, a hydrocortisone used to treat allergies and inflammation, but in fact containing Suxamethonium chloride, a drug normally used to cause muscle paralysis during emergency surgery.

The Health Ministry has appealed to people suffering from asthma or allergies to check their medication and return any Corhydron ampoules they possess to the pharmacy.

Polskie Radio reports that the mislabelling was discovered a month ago, but Jelfa and the Polish Health ministry did not inform of the problem.

Prime Minister Jaroslaw Kaczynski ordered Jelfa to halt production until it can assure the Polish Government that it can properly manage its production.

The  Polish Outlook  reports that that drug companies in Poland were operating unregulated since December, 2005 as the regulations has expired. The government was putting in place new regulations.

The owner of Jelfa is AB Sanitas, the largest drug producer in neighbouring Lithuania. The shut-down has been questioned by the Lithuanian Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas, who expressed concern over the situation and said that he wants to try to settle the issue diplomatically.


text:
UK to step up anti-terror legislation

November 13, 2006

New measures to counter the threat of terrorism in UK are expected in the Queen’s Speech.

Sir Ian Blair, Metropolitan police chief, in a speech in Berlin, highlighted the scale of disaffection among the Muslim community, pointing to reports that between 40,000 and 120,000 Muslims believed that the London bombings, when four British suicide bombers killed 52 civilians, were justified. He believed that this disaffection was related to the very negative way in which many in the Muslim community perceived the country’s foreign policy. This view had been expressed last month by Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett and by the Head of MI5, Dame Eliza Manningham-Buller, earlier in the week. However, Prime minister Tony Blair contested the strong connection to foreign policy, saying that the problem has "grown up over a generation".

Sir Ian outlined where he thought new legislation was needed. Despite the fact that the measure had caused the Government to be defeated in the last session of Parliament, he wanted the extension of the 28 days suspects can be held without charge to be reconsidered. He wanted the law restricting the reporting of court proceedings relaxed to let people, particularly in the communities from which those on trial come, to see justice being done. As things stand, once they have charged a suspect, the police have no right to continue questioning; this should be changed, he said. He also wanted phone tap evidence to be allowed in court and flag burning to be made illegal. Home Secretary John Reid will have an opportunity of introducing new legislation in the Queen's Speech. Following Dame Eliza Manningham-Buller’s statement that MI5 has the task of keeping track of 1,600 suspects engaged in 30 known terrorist plots with a staff of 2,800, and that disaffection is increasing as never before, it is expected that more resources will be provided to support her department’s work. Patrick Mercer, the shadow homeland security minister said that both the intelligence and security servcies needed a substantial increase in resources. Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown has said that his first priority as Prime Minister would be to head anti-terrorism measures personally. In his present post he has responsibility for the allocation of resources to government departments.

The opinion poll findings quoted by Dame Eliza are questioned by the 1990 Trust (a charitable trust supported by the Rowntree Trust, Comic Relief, CRE and others). Introducing an internet survey conducted between the 8th and 27th September 2006, Karen Chouhan of the 1990 Trust said "This (referring to Dame Manningham-Buller’s speech) is nothing short of irresponsible politicking and journalism which is designed to create a moral panic to pave the way for renewed legislative assaults on civil liberties and can only serve to fuel fears and hostility towards Muslim communities in the UK". The specific criticism of the use being made of the ICM/Sunday Telegraph Poll, that has been widely reported, is that "some sections of the media have conflated Muslim respondents answering positively to the question of whether they have sympathy ‘with the feeling and motives of those who carried out the attacks’ (20% of those polled in the same ICM/Telegraph survey of February 2006 answered affirmatively) with the violence itself. To understand the motive behind an action cannot be equated with violence itself, and the media have a responsibility to create a clear demarcation".

A Report from the Joseph Rowntree Trust, by Professor Stuart Weir, Director of Democratic Audit at the University of Essex, Dr Andrew Blick and Tufyal Choudhury was published today November 13, 2006. It concludes that "the government’s counter terrorism legislation and rhetorical stance are between them creating serious losses in human rights and criminal justice protections...and so are prejudicing the ability of the government and security forces to gain the very trust and cooperation from individuals in those communities that they require to combat terrorism." Parliament resumes its work next week when the Queen’s Speech will indicate what new anti-terrorist and anti-racist legislation the Government intends to propose.

title: UK to step up anti-terror legislation


text:
User talk:Beard~enwikinews

Welcome
, welcome to Wikinews! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Jacques Divol 14:18, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Beard. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Beard~enwikinews that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:14, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:29, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Beard~enwikinews


text:
User talk:Sablonneux~enwikinews

Welcome
, welcome to Wikinews! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Jacques Divol 14:19, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Neutral point of view - tell every side to a story in a fair and balanced way
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Sablonneux. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Sablonneux~enwikinews that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:21, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:36, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sablonneux~enwikinews


text:
User talk:Scs1

Welcome
, welcome to Wikinews! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Jacques Divol 14:20, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Scs1


text:
User talk:Maxb~enwikinews

Welcome
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Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Jacques Divol 14:20, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Neutral point of view - tell every side to a story in a fair and balanced way
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 * Existing articles need expanding and checking for spelling and mistakes
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 * Discussions need your input
 * And of course, stories need writing!

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Maxb. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Maxb~enwikinews that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:21, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:34, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Maxb~enwikinews


text:
User talk:Andy Mitchell

Welcome
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Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Jacques Divol 14:20, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
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title: User talk:Andy Mitchell


text:
User:Timichal

meta:User:Timichal; I won't most probably read my talk page here.

title: User:Timichal


text:
User talk:Timichal

Welcome
, welcome to Wikinews! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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title: User talk:Timichal


text:
User talk:RaveenS~enwikinews

Welcome
, welcome to Wikinews! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! Sugarpine 15:36, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Neutral point of view - tell every side to a story in a fair and balanced way
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 * Existing articles need expanding and checking for spelling and mistakes
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 * And of course, stories need writing!

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called RaveenS. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name RaveenS~enwikinews that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:24, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:36, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:RaveenS~enwikinews


text: Category:Paul Martin

title: Category:Paul Martin


text:
User talk:202.125.246.181

First off, we really appreciate your contribution.

But sometimes users submit an article from somewhere else, not realizing that Wikinews cannot keep copy-and-paste versions of articles which are published elsewhere under a restrictive copyright. An article created in this way is a copyright violation, and Wikinews policy is to erase these even if they are excellent article ideas.

Another problem which sometimes comes up is press releases. Press releases are sometimes excellent sources, but they do not qualify as unbiased news articles so they can't be published as they are. Two key things to remember about press releases is that they're usually written to represent the viewpoint of an involved party (Thus likely running foul of our Neutral Point of View policy). And second, they are generally covered by copyright which can conflict with our open editing approach.

A better way to get an article on an exciting subject published here is to write an original article following the guidelines described in writing an article, or to write a brief explanation of the subject and include the url address of articles or websites to use as sources.

Thanks again! Bawolff ☺☻ 17:22, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:202.125.246.181


text:
MediaWiki:Common.css/test

/** CSS placed here will be applied to all skins */ body {background-image:none !IMPORTANT; background-color:navy;}

title: MediaWiki:Common.css/test


text:
User:Yiang/sandbox

[/img]:http://akira.arts.kuleuven.be/geschiedenis/index.php/Afbeelding:Jk3.jpg[/img]

 Militaire Veiligheid.

=Inleiding en voorgrond=

Het militarisme van de jaren '30 bracht het Land van de Rijzend Zon tot een regelrechte aanvaring met de Verenigde Staten en onderwierp de Japanse bevolking aan de trauma van de atoombom. Na de grote nederlaag wilden de Japanners het verleden zo snel mogelijk achter zich laten en komaf maken met het nefaste militarisme. Nog de dag van vandaag roept de wereld van het krijgswezen gemengde gevoelens op bij de doorsnee Japanse burger. Zo zijn de Amerikaanse basissen in Okinawa een doorn in het oog van velen. Een andere kwestie waarrond hevige polemiek wordt gevoerd, is de Japanse Zelfverdedigingsmacht die tegenwoordig eigenlijk als een volwaardig leger mag beschouwd worden. Artikel 9 van de Grondwet geeft van deze troepen een definitie die niet meer strookt met de huidige situatie. Pogingen om de Grondwet te hervormen hebben menig politicus doen vallen en worden met argusogen door naburige landen aanschouwd. Het Japanse militarisme liet immers niet alleen sporen achter in eigen land, maar ook in China, Korea en Zuidoost-Azië. De Zelfverdedigingsmacht herdopen tot een officieel leger zal dan ook de betrekkingen met het buitenland in grote mate beïnvloeden, met alle gevolgen vandien...

=Militaire macht: veranderingen na WO II=

Op 15 augustus 1945 aanvaardde Japan de verklaring van Potsdam en capituleerde het onvoorwaardelijk voor de geallieerden. De nederlaag kregen de Japanse leiders wat moeilijk over hun lippen. De Amerikanen begonnen de bezetting van Japan met de neokoloniale zendingsdrang die de contacten tussen het Westen en andere culturen eigen was. Zo ook in het verslagen Japan, dat een democratische gedaantewisseling moest ondergaan en geen bedreiging voor zijn buren meer mocht vormen. Om te garanderen dat Japan nooit meer een bedreiging voor de Verenigde Staten wordt en evenmin voor de vrede en de veiligheid in de wereld en ook om het pad te effenen voor een vreedzame en verantwoordelijke regering die gesteund wordt door het volk dat zich vrij kan uiten, moest Japan ontwapend en gedemilitariseerd worden.

Demilitarisering en democratisering (1945 – 1948)
De basisgedachten van de hoofdzakelijk Amerikaanse "S.C.A.P." (Supreme Command of the Alied Powers) waren de demilitarisering en de invoering van democratische principes. In september 1945 werd een programma opgesteld met maatregelen die onmiddellijk na de capitulatie dienden genomen te worden. De Verklaring van Potsdam voorzag:

 * Ontmanteling van politieke en militaire macht van legerleiding.

 * Militaire bezetting van Japan.

 * Beperking van de nationale soevereiniteit en inperking van grondgebied.

 * Materiële afbouw van het leger.

 * Berechting van oorlogsmisdadigers en aanmoedigen van democratische tendensen.

 * Omschakelen van de productiecapaciteit op vreedzame doeleinden.

 * Pas opheffen van de bezetting nadat een democratische regering stevig ingebed zou zijn.

Amerikaanse bezettingsleger in Japan
Het meerderdeel van het bezettingsleger in Japan bestond uit Amerikanen, aangevuld met een miniem aantal Australiërs. De facto begon de bezetting in augustus 1945 en in oktober werd officieel het G.H.Q. (General Head Quarters) het hoofdkwartier van de SCAP in Tokio geïnstalleerd en de democratiseringsoperatie werd toevertrouwd aan generaal Douglas MacArthur.

Generaal Douglas MacArthur
MacArthur had een belangrijk aandeel gehad in de oorlog in de Stille Oceaan en genoot het volste vertrouwen van zijn opdrachtgevers in Washington. Aangezien de V.S. als belangrijkste overwinnaar van WOII en met het prestige de enige atoommacht te zijn een vetorecht hadden in de besluitvorming, was het de facto MacArthur die vanuit het G.H.Q. de reële bezetting, de bevelen en de richtlijnen naar de Japanse overheid toe bepaalde. Hij werd dan ook Shogun genoemd door de Japanners. MacArthur werkte op vele fronten tegelijk. Hij liet het parlement nieuwe wetten goedkeuren, terwijl de oude Meiji-grondwet nog van kracht was. Kort na de capitulatie werd het Japanse leger ontbonden en ex-militairen uit het buitenland gerepatrieerd. Oorlogsmisdadigers en oorlogsleiders werden gearresteerd en moesten terechtstaan.

Nieuwe grondwet (1947)
Generaal MacArthur verzekerde de eerst naoorlogse premier, Kijuro Shidehara, dat hij de keizer persoonlijk in bescherming wilde nemen en ervoor zou zorgen dat Japan het keizerlijke systeem kon behouden. Maar hij maande de premier aan om werk te maken van de grondwetshervorming zodat de geallieerden een wettelijk kader hadden om de positie van de keizer te rechtvaardigen.

In oktober 1945 werd de Meiji-grondwet onwettig verklaard door het G.H.Q. en het Shindehara-kabinet moest een nieuwe grondwet ontwerpen. Het ontwerp dat ze MacArthur voorlegden, was voor meer dan de helft een kopie van de oude Meiji-grondwet. Begin februari 1945 gaf MacArthur zijn staf in het diepste geheim de opdracht zelf een nieuwe grondwet voor Japan te schrijven. De uitgangspunten waren de volgende: beperkte monarchie, afwijzen van oorlog en afschaffing van feodale principes. Toen MacArthur het voorstel in december 1945 onder ogen kreeg, verwierp hij het terstond. In januari 1946 was het ontwerp klaar en werden voorstellen van politieke partijen en andere burgerlijke verenigingen genoteerd. Met geringe wijziging werd het voorstel in november 1946 door de Diet aanvaard en op 3 mei 1947 trad de nieuwe grondwet in voege.

Artikel 9
Als vandaag de Japanse grondwet ter sprake komt dan is dat vrijwel uitsluitend in verband met het fameuze artikel 9.

*第九条　日本国民は、正義と秩序を基調とする国際平和を誠実に希求し、国権の発動たる戦争と、武力による威嚇又は武力の行使は、国際紛争を解決する手段としては、永久にこれを放棄する.

Art.9 Oprecht strevend naar een internationale vrede gebaseerd op rechtvaardigheid en orde, zweert het Japanse volk voor altijd oorlog als een soeverein recht van de natie en de dreiging met of het gebruik van geweld om internationale geschillen te beslechten, af.

*二　前項の目的を達するため、陸海空軍その他の戦力は、これを保持しない. 国の交戦権は、これを認めない.

Ten einde het doel van de voorgaande alinea te verwezenlijken, worden land-, zee- en luchtstrijdkrachten, alsmede ander oorlogspotentieel, voor altijd opgegeven. Het recht van de staat om oorlog te voeren wordt niet erkend.

Er is geen ander land dat een vergelijkbare bepaling in zijn grondwet heeft opgenomen. Beide delen van dit unieke grondwetsartikel zijn even opmerkelijk: Japan verzaakt het recht om oorlog te voeren en het mag geen leger hebben. Artikel 9 was het geesteskind van generaal MacArthur, maar premier Shidehara zou ermee hebben ingestemd. Weinigen zouden een traan laten om de verdwijning van het leger, maar de Amerikanen begonnen artikel 9 snel als een last te ervaren. In feite hadden ze vrijwel onmiddellijk spijt van het ietwat naïeve idealisme dat hen tot artikel 9 had geïnspireerd. Toen de grondwet in 1947 van kracht werd, was het Verre Oosten namelijk al in de greep van de Koude Oorlog. De regering in Washington drong aan op de herbewapening van Japan, maar stuitte op de grondwettelijke hindernis die het zelf had opgeworpen. De pacifistische grondwet verhinderde immers dat Japan werd ingeschakeld in de strijd tegen het communisme. Toch gaf Washington MacArthur eind 1948 de toestemming om een 150.000 sterke paramilitaire macht op te richten. Aanvankelijk zag de generaal, die zijn eigen programma had, zelfs een beperkt hermilitariseren van Japan niet zitten.

Koreaanse oorlog (1950-1953)
Toen de oorlog in Korea in juni 1950 uitbrak, werd de Amerikaanse bezettingsmacht in Japan in allerijl naar het Koreaanse schiereiland gestuurd. Om de leemte op te vullen gaf MacArthur de Japanse regering het bevel een nationale reservepolitiemacht (keisatsu yobitai警察予備隊) van 75.000 man op de been te brengen. Deze politiemacht moest de orde in het binnenland handhaven en fungeren als afweermiddel voor mogelijke invasies van buitenaf. De Japanners dienden dus zelf in te staan voor hun veiligheid.

De organisatie van een gewapende politiemacht was een geladen kwestie. Aanvankelijk was de politie onder lokaal gezag geplaatst om te voorkomen dat ze nog voor de kar van de politiek zou worden gespannen.

De Amerikaanse regering wou echter meer. Minister van Buitenlandse Zaken John Foster Dulles vroeg Japan een troepenmacht van 300.000 man op de been te brengen. Premier Yoshida wees het verzoek af en duidde erop dat de Amerikanen de pacifistische grondwet zelf hadden opgelegd. Hij besefte maar al te goed dat een herbewapend Japan aan de zijde van Amerika zou moeten meevechten in Korea.

Toen Japan in 1952 zijn soevereiniteit herwon, verkreeg het volk opnieuw de totale vrijheid. De overheid profiteerde ervan om een aantal verworvenheden van de Amerikaanse bezetting anders te interpreteren, b.v. wat de wetgeving inzake de openbare orde betreft. Na de ondertekening van het vredesverdrag van 1951 kwam het tot bloedige botsingen tussen betogers en politie op een plein voor het Keizerlijke Paleis, waar een demonstratieverbod gold (chi no meidei 血のメーデー). Om beter opgewassen te zijn tegen de agitatie van links ging de regering over tot een herziening van de politiewet zodat de politie meer bevoegdheden kreeg om op te treden tegen onruststokers. De reacties tegen het vredesverdrag en tegen de militaire verdragen leidden tot de afkondiging van de Wet inzake Preventie van Vandalisme (Hakai Katsudō Bōshi Bō破壊活動防止方) en de oprichting van het Bureau voor controle van de openbare orde (kōan chōsa chō 公案調査庁).

De stap naar de herbewapening werd schoorvoetend gezet, maar door een herinterpretatie van artikel 9 van de grondwet werd het principe aanvaard. Op 1 augustus 1952 zag het Secretariaat voor de Openbare Orde het licht. De Nationale Reservepolitiemacht werd hierin ondergebracht en kreeg nu de naam hoantai (保安隊). Dit kwam neer op een centralisatie van de politiestructuren, nadat ze een tijdlang door Amerika gedecentraliseerd waren.

Jieitai
In 1954 sloten Japan en de Verenigde Staten het Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement (Nichibei Sōgo Bōkō Enjo Kyōtei日米相互防衡援助協定), dat Japan de bepaalde plichten inzake verdediging oplegde. De National Safety Agency veranderde in de Defense Agency (Bōkō chō防衡庁) en onder de controle van deze werd de Nationale Reservepolitiemacht omgedoopt tot de Zelfverdedigingsmacht (jieitai自衛隊).

Hoewel de Japanse Zelfverdedigingsmacht zeer gelimiteerde opdrachten kreeg en in geen geval buiten de landsgrenzen mocht opereren, botste ze van meet af aan op felle weerstand. Om uiteenlopende redenen waren immers links noch rechts gelukkig met deze evolutie, wat ook verklaart waarom de Jietai nu vrij veel civiele opdrachten uitvoert. De linkerzijde hield vast aan een enge interpretatie van artikel 9 en betwistte het grondwettelijke karakter van deze macht. In 1973 leken de tegenstanders eindelijk hun slag te halen toen een plaatselijke rechtbank op het noordelijke eiland Hokkaidō de aanleg van een militaire basis in een bosrijk gebied strijdig met artikel 9 verklaarde. De uitspraak werd echter in beroep ongedaan gemaakt en sindsdien is het protest tegen het leger helemaal verstomd.

Het is inderdaad onmogelijk om de Zelfverdedigingsmacht niet als een echt leger te beschouwen. Ze telt namelijk 250.000 manschappen, waaronder een kleine zeemacht, landmacht en luchtmacht. Ze beschikt over een van de grootste defensiebudgetten ter wereld en staat qua militaire uitgaven op de zevende plaats in de mondiale rangschikking. Tevens zijn haar manschappen uitgerust met de technologisch meest geavanceerde wapens die er op de markt te vinden zijn. Om overtredingen van de Grondwet te vermijden, worden de wapens niet bij hun echte naam genoemd. In het pacifistische jargon waarin Japan geoefend is, staan mobiele operationele eenheden bijvoorbeeld voor tanks en duikbootbestrijdingseenheden voor fregatten.

De defensietroepen, het veiligheidspact en de Amerikaanse bases in Japan waren een doorn in het oog van de linkse oppositie. Ze druisten in tegen de geest van de grondwet en betekenden een toegeving aan de Amerikaanse dictaten. Maar de crisis rond Noord-Korea bracht aan het licht dat Japan zich niet eens kon verdedigen tegen een mogelijke raketaanval. Het bestaansrecht van het Zelfverdedigingsleger was dus geen discussiepunt meer.

Vietnam-oorlog
Nadat het protest tegen het Veiligheidsverdrag van 1951 was doodgebloed, brachten de oorlog in Vietnam en de kwestie Okinawa de gemoederen van de massa opnieuw in beweging. Tussen 1967 en 1970 zijn talloze miljoenen Japanners opgestapt in demonstraties tegen de Vietnamese oorlog en voor de teruggave van Okinawa.

In 1969 kon premier Satō een overeenkomst afsluiten met de Amerikaanse president Nixon, waardoor in 1972 Okinawa zou teruggegeven worden aan Japan, al mochten de Amerikaanse bases er ongehinderd actief blijven o.a. in de Vietnam-oorlog. Al vanaf 1955 organiseerde de bevolking van Okinawa protestmanifestaties tegen deze bases. De overeenkomst werd met gemengde gevoelens ontvangen in Japan omdat Satō in ruil beloften had gedaan en verklaringen afgelegd die niet in de Diet besproken waren. Amerikaanse bases zouden niet worden ontmanteld, de Amerikanen moesten niet beloven er geen kernwapens op te slaan en het zag er zelfs naar uit dat de Amerikanen de toezegging hadden gekregen om kernwapens te mogen transporteren over het gehele Japanse grondgebied. Dit was een uitvloeisel van de tweede stelling van Satō dat Japans veiligheid zich voortaan uitstrekte tot wat er gebeurde in Taiwan en Korea. Communistische aanvallen in deze gebieden zouden er als een rechtstreekse bedreiging van de Japanse veiligheid beschouwd worden met alle gevolgen vandien. Deze verklaringen kwamen hard aan, vooral bij de oppositie die de rol van de V.S. in Vietnam diep verafschuwde en vreesde dat Japan zou opengesteld worden voor de Amerikaanse oorlogsmachine.

De teruggave van Okinawa, de Amerikaanse toenadering tot China en het einde van de Vietnam-oorlog droegen ertoe bij dat de politieke opinie vriendelijker gestemd werd tegenover Amerika, zodanig dat het Veiligheidsverdrag en de Zelfverdedigingsmacht almaar minder weerstand opriepen.

Eerste Golfoorlog
Vanaf de jaren tachtig werd Japan geconfronteerd met de vraag waar de grenzen van de inzetbaarheid van het Zelfverdedigingsleger lagen. Na de oliecrisissen van de jaren zeventig maakte men zich bijvoorbeeld zorgen over de beveiliging van de scheepvaartroutes in de buurt van Japan. Hoever mocht het leger zich buiten de grenzen wagen om de scheepvaart te beschermen? Sindsdien is de discussie over de interpretatie van artikel 9 niet meer gestopt.

Premier Kaifu had de internationale coalitie tegen Irak troepen toegezegd, maar zowel binnen als buiten zijn partij botsten zijn plannen op grote weerstand. Ondanks het verzet bracht Golfoorlog van 1991 het denken over het Japanse defensiebeleid in een stroomversnelling. Japanse militairen vervulden nu VN-vredestaken en namen deel aan de bezetting van Irak.

De oorlog tegen Irak had aangetoond dat Japan gebrekkig geïntegreerd was in het internationale systeem. Japan hield zich lange tijd afzijdig van de internationale coalitie tegen Irak. Militaire deelname was uitgesloten omdat het gevangen zat in het dwangbuis van artikel 9. Maar Japan was niet langer het weerloze uitgeputte land dat pas de oorlog had verloren. Van een land met zo’n groot economisch overwicht, dat profiteerde van de zegeningen van de internationale handel kon men moeilijk aanvaarden dat het zich aan zijn internationale verantwoordelijkheid onttrok. Om de kritiek tot zwijgen te brengen, stuurde Japan een cheque van 13 miljard dollar naar de coalitie tegen Irak. Maar Japan kreeg geen erkenning voor zijn bijdrage omdat het zich politiek op de achtergrond hield. Een economische grootmacht als Japan dient nu eenmaal ook militair haar steentje bij te dragen aan de wereldorde. Intussen had de regering haar eigen lessen getrokken uit de debacle van de Golfoorlog. In juni 1992 liet ze en wet goedkeuren over de deelname van Japan aan vredesmissies van de VN. Het was een echte doorbraak. De wet was de eerste succesvolle aanval op het taboe van grondwetsartikel 9 sinds de oprichting van de Zelfverdedigingsmacht. Deze regel machtigt Japanse militairen, mits het respecteren van een aantal beperkingen, om onder de vlag van de VN deel te nemen aan vredesoperaties buiten de grenzen. De eerste missies waren nog ongewapend, later werden ze gewapend. De interpretatie van artikel 9 is inmiddels nog verder opgerekt.

Veiligheidsverdrag van 1951
Het Veiligheidsverdrag (nichibei anzen hoshō jōyaku日米安全保障条約, kortweg kyū anpo jōyaku 旧安保条約) was een typisch product van de Koude Oorlog. Op 8 september 1951 tekende Japan het Veiligheidsverdrag met de V.S. Door het feit dat Japan tot ontwapening gedwongen werd, werd het weerloos tegen aanvallen van buitenaf. Het verdrag gaf Amerika het recht troepen te stationeren in Japan, zodanig dat de eigen defensieve behoeften van Japan ondergeschikt werden aan de militaire strategie van de V.S. Het Veiligheidsverdrag verleende aan V.S. de macht om Japan te verdedigen in geval van nood. Het gevolg hiervan was permanente Amerikaanse militaire aanwezigheid in Japan, dat tot op de dag van vandaag nog animositeit opwekt bij velen. Het verdrag trad in het voorjaar van 1952 in werking. Tegelijk werd de Amerikaanse bezetting opgeheven. Japan zou hierdoor voor zijn defensie en voor zijn buitenlands beleid bijna geheel afhankelijk van de Verenigde Staten worden. Dit verdrag werkte echter als een splijtzwam die de Japanse politiek tientallen jaar lang diep verscheurde. De linkse facties en partijen waren gekant tegen de aanwezigheid van Amerikaanse legerbasissen op Japans grondgebied, tegen de herbewapening en voor een permanente neutraliteit. Dit politiek verzet genoot ook steun in brede lagen van de bevolking.

Nieuwe veiligheidsverdrag van 1960
Premier Kishi had zich voorgenomen om met instemming van Washington de soevereiniteit van Japan te herstellen. Daartoe moest het Veiligheidsverdrag van 1951 worden herzien. Het verdrag bevatte onder andere de vernederende bepaling dat Amerika zich indien nodig mocht bemoeien met het interne beleid van Japan. In januari 1960 ondertekende Kishi een nieuw Veiligheidsverdrag (shin nichibei anzen hōsho jōyaku 新安全保障条約) waaruit die bepaling verdween. Het nieuwe verdrag gaf Japan ook meer armslag in buitenlandse aangelegenheden terwijl het niveau van bescherming door Amerika op hetzelfde peil bleef als voorheen. Toen de oppositie, die altijd al tegen het Veiligheidsverdrag gekant was geweest, het parlementaire debat over het verdrag met langdurige toespraken en sit-ins op de lange baan schoof, liet Kishi zich van zijn meest tactloze kant zien. Om zijn zelfopgelegde deadline voor de hernieuwing van het verdrag te halen, gaf hij de politie opdracht de opposanten uit het parlement te slepen en vervolgens liet hij zijn partijgenoten het verdrag holderdebolder goedkeuren. Hij bekocht deze stunt echter met zijn carrière. De herziene versie gaf beide landen het recht af te zien van het Verdrag na een periode van 10 jaar. Tot op heden heeft geen van beide landen het Verdrag afgezworen.

Vredesverdrag van 1951
De uitbraak van de Koreaanse oorlog bespoedigde de plannen om de vrede met Japan te herstellen. De bedoeling hiervan was dat Japan een anticommunistisch bolwerk moest worden onder de beschermende militaire paraplu van de V.S. De Japanse socialistische partij en de overkoepelende organisatie van de vakbonden (sōhyō 総評) waren tegen deze plannen gekant omdat zij een neutraal Japan voorstonden en geen vreemde of eigen militarisering noch basisfaciliteiten wilden aanvaarden. Met hun opinie werd echter geen rekening gehouden en in september 1951 werd te San Francisco een vredesverdrag (tainichi kōwa jōyaku 対日講和条約) ondertekend door 48 niet-communistische landen, samen met de overeenkomst dat Japan voor zijn defensie mocht rekenen op de V.S. (Nichibei Anzen Hoshō Jōyaku日米安全保障条約). In april 1952 werd Japan door die 48 landen opnieuw als soevereine staat erkend. Dit verdrag maakte een einde aan de zes jaar lange Amerikaanse bezetting.

Het Verdrag van San Francisco betekende een nieuwe start. De politici meden elk initiatief dat het wantrouwen op internationaal vlak, meer bepaald die van de omringende landen, zou kunnen wekken. De militaire uitgaven moesten zo laag mogelijk gehouden worden, de verdediging van Japan werd overgelaten aan de V.S. en alle inspanningen werden gericht op economische groei. Japan had er dus profijt bij om onder de Amerikaanse defensieparaplu te schuilen. Alleen de verspreiding van kernwapens deed stemmen opkomen in de jaren zestig en zeventig. De Japanners zijn immers de enigen die de verschrikking van de kernbom ooit aan den lijve hebben ondervonden. Formeel liet Japan geen Amerikaanse kernwapens toe op zijn grondgebied, maar het standpunt dat alle kernwapens de wereld uit moeten, valt moeilijk te verzoenen met een veiligheidsbeleid dat volledig op de nucleaire afschrikkingsmacht van de V.S. leunt.

V.S. militaire basissen in Okinawa
Okinawa is de enige plek waar tijdens WO II een veldslag op Japans territorium werd geleverd. Het staat voor een grondgebied waar bijna 50 % van het Amerikaanse legerpersoneel in Japan is ondergebracht. Okinawa kende, als onafhankelijke zeenatie onder Oost-Aziatische naties, een grote bloei tot in de zeventiende eeuw. Het werd en bleef vrijwillig een trouwe tribuutstaat van China. Na de invasie van Satsuma in 1609 sloeg Okinawa er op behendige wijze in tegelijk China en Japan te dienen. Later wist het de Westerse grootmachten op een afstand te houden dankzij een scherpzinnige diplomatische houding. Tegenwoordig fungeert Japans armste en kleinste prefectuur als een bolwerk van de Amerikaanse militaire macht in het Stille Oceaangebied.

Toen het einde van de Tweede Wereldoorlog in zicht was, liet het Keizerlijke Leger van Japan Okinawa versterken met het Tweeëndertigste Leger in de hoop de opmars van de geallieerden op het Japanse hoofdeiland te kunnen dwarsbomen, en offerde alzo het eiland op. De Amerikaanse legermacht beschouwde Okinawa, nog meer dan Hiroshima en Nagasaki, als de ideale plek van waaruit eventuele land- en luchtaanvallen tegen Japan konden worden gelanceerd. Okinawa's ligging blijft een problematische kwestie in de huidige veiligheidsverhouding tussen Japan en de V.S. Na afloop van de Tweede Wereldoorlog bleef een groot aantal militaire eenheden van de V.S. op Okinawa, waar een van de hevigste veldslagen van de Pacific-oorlog had plaatsgevonden. Bij Japans overgave moest de Amerikaanse regering beslissen over het lot van deze eenheden. In Washington draaide het debat rond twee standpunten. Voor het War Department kon Okinawa een grote rol spelen in de regionale veiligheidsbelangen van de V.S. Troepen in Okinawa zouden een uitbreiding van de Amerikaanse machtssfeer in heel Azië vergemakkelijken, de groeiende Sovjet-bedreiging het hoofd kunnen bieden, en de V.S. de mogelijkheid bieden Japan in het oog te houden (men vreesde namelijk nog steeds voor een heropleving van het militarisme). De State Department ervaarde het behoud van de controle over de eilanden eerder als een handicap. De administratie daarvan zou veel geld kosten, de VS doen verzeilen in kwesties van civiele aard en hen blootstellen aan de kritiek op de kolonisatiedrang. Washingtons vernieuwende oplossing bestond erin de “overblijvende soevereiniteit” toe te passen. Het kwam erop neer dat de V.S. Okinawa bleven besturen, maar dat de inwoners ervan het Japanse staatsburgerschap behielden. In de jaren ‘50 en ‘60 leidde een samenloop van omstandigheden tot de drastische toename van Amerikaanse militairen op Okinawa. De Amerikaanse militaire eenheden brachten hun gezinnen alsook de infrastructuren die noodzakelijk waren voor hun levensonderhoud (clubs, kantines, scholen, kerken, theaters, honkbalvelden etc). Zodoende lieten de V.S. diepe sporen van hun cultuur achter. Hoewel de Amerikanen in mei 1972 Okinawa teruggaven aan Japan, haalden ze hun militaire eenheden niet weg. Okinawa vormt nu het gastland van meer dan 52.000 leden van het Amerikaanse leger- en burgerpersoneel, waarvan de meerderheid in centraal Okinawa leeft. Als men weet dat 57.000 leden van het V.S.-personeel ondergebracht zijn op de eilanden Honshū en Kyūshū, kan men aannemen dat de helft van de Amerikaanse troepen in Japan geconcentreerd is in een gebied dat minder dan 0,6 % van het Japans territorium uitmaakt. Nergens anders in Japan bestaat er zo’n dichte concentratie van Amerikaanse of zelfs Japanse militaire eenheden.
 * Naar aanleiding van het Vredesverdrag van San Francisco (1952) werd de militaire aanwezigheid van de V.S. op de vier grootste eilanden van Japan ingeperkt. Maar om de plaatselijke uitoefening van de macht uitvoerbaar te houden, werden enkele eenheden overgebracht naar Okinawa.
 * De Korea- en Vietnam-oorlogen vereisten een grotere hoeveelheid gevechts- en hulpeenheden die Okinawa wegens zijn strategische ligging gemakkelijk kon bezorgen.

Recente assertiviteit
In 1996 werden nieuwe richtlijnen opgesteld voor de toepassing van het Veiligheidsverdrag met de VS. In overleg met Washington werd de actieradius van het verdrag gevoelig vergroot. Met het oog op de veiligheid en de stabiliteit van Zuidoost-Azië kan de Zelfverdedigingsmacht in geval van crisis steun verlenen aan de Amerikaanse troepen in de nabijheid van Japan. Vooral de bepaling ‘in de nabijheid van Japan’ trok de aandacht. Sinds 1969 wordt de veiligheid van Japan verbonden met die van Zuid-Korea en Taiwan. De nieuwe afspraken gaan dus nog verder, al weet niemand precies hoe ver. Over de aard van de samenwerking wordt zeer geheimzinnig gedaan. Om een eind te maken aan de controverse rond het akkoord beloofde Japan dat de hulp alleen zou slaan op steuntaken zoals de evacuatie van burgers uit gevechtszones, mijnenvegen en transport van niet-militair materieel. Met de herziening van het Veiligheidsverdrag viel dus een der laatste taboes in het debat over de pacifistische grondwet weg.

In 1999 schoof men weer een eindje op. De Zelfverdedigingsmacht mocht bij een conflict in de regio logistieke steun verlenen aan de Amerikaanse militaire operaties.

Na de aanslagen van 11 september keurde het parlement bliksemsnel een anti-terrorismewet goed die de strijdkrachten de mogelijkheid gaf om logistieke steun te verlenen voor de oorlog in Afghanistan. Schepen van de Zelfverdedigingsmacht werden daarop naar de Indische Oceaan uitgestuurd. Onder de banier van de strijd tegen de internationale terreur zetten Japan in juli 2003 alweer een stapje verder. Het parlement gaf het leger toestemming om met een bescheiden troepenmacht van 550 man mee te werken aan de heropbouw van Irak. Maar het gebaar moet vooral worden gezien als een uiting van loyaliteit aan de Amerikaanse beschermheer. Om een legale basis te vinden voor deze beslissing zocht men een toevlucht tot juridische spitsvondigheden en de zoveelste nieuwe interpretatie van de grondwet. De omvang van militaire acties kan worden geregeld met een gewone wet zonder te raken aan de grondwet. Tegenstanders van het besluit zeggen dat de troepen deel uitmaken van de omstreden Brits-Amerikaanse bezettingsmacht in Irak en dat artikel 9 nu al zijn betekenis heeft verloren. Om de kritiek te ontzenuwen mogen de militairen alleen in ‘vreedzame gebieden’ opereren en alleen in uiterste nood geweld gebruiken.

=Besluit=

De openheid waarmee over defensievraagstukken wordt gediscussieerd, moet worden gezien als een keuze voor een actievere opstelling in de buitenlandse politiek, bij gebrek aan andere middelen om zich te doen gelden op het diplomatieke toneel.

Vooral rechts roert zich in het debat. Het gaat tekeer tegen de pacifistische kindsheid van de publieke opinie, die een serieus buitenlands beleid in de weg staat. Radicale publicisten verkondigen dat Japan een kernmacht moet morden en zelfs gerespecteerde figuren deinzen er niet voor terug om straffe uitspraken te doen. Shintaro Ishihara vindt bijvoorbeeld dat Japan het recht heeft om tegen Noord-Korea een preventieve oorlog te voeren. Minder extreem is het voorstel dat Japan het recht op ‘collectieve zelfverdediging’ zou moeten hebben. Het zou erop neerkomen dat Japanse troepen kunnen worden ingezet in conflicten waarbij bondgenoten betrokken zijn, bijvoorbeeld als Amerika in oorlog zou geraken met Noord-Korea.

Een grondwetswijziging zal in de praktijk nog weinig verschil maken, aangezien de Zelfverdedigingsmacht nu al piekfijn is uitgerust en haar actieterrein allang niet meer beperkt is tot het eigen grondgebied. Toch is de naamsverandering een beladen kwestie, die bij het deel van de bevolking dat gekant blijft tegen een grondwetherziening de nodige weerstand zal oproepen. Maar de publieke opinie keert zich in sneltempo af van het pacifisme. Het is niet meer de vraag wanneer, maar hoe de omstreden herbewapening in de praktijk wordt gebracht. Er zal rekening moeten worden gehouden met de gevoeligheden van de landen die in naam van de bevrijding van het blanke juk destijds kennis hebben gemaakt met de barbaarsheden van het Japanse leger. Het zou voor deze landen een hele geruststelling zijn als de herbewapening zou geschieden binnen de context van de internationale organisaties. De aspiraties van premier Koizumi reikten ook in die richting. De inzet van troepen in het buitenland moet het aanzien van Japan zodanig verhogen dat het op de duur beloond zal worden met een vaste zetel in de Veiligheidsraad. De VN genieten immers zoveel aanzien dat zelfs de felste tegenstanders van een grotere militaire rol hun verzet wellicht zullen opgeven.

Zolang de Koude Oorlog duurde, bekeek Japan de wereld door de bril van de alliantie met de VS. Onder andere het einde van de Koude Oorlog, de crisis rond Noord-Korea en de internationale afgang in de Golfoorlog vormden een pijnlijke kennismaking met de nieuwe realiteit. Sindsdien heeft het denken over het defensiebeleid een radicale verandering ondergaan. De inzet van de Zelfverdedigingsmacht bij vredestaken van de VN-troepen en recent ook in Irak vormen het bewijs dat Japan zich realistischer en zelfbewuster opstelt. De wetenschap dat Noord-Korea kernwapens heeft ontwikkeld en de aanslagen van 11 september 2001 sterken de voorstanders van grotere defensie-inspanningen in hun overtuiging. Zij zien er nieuwe bewijzen in dat Japan voor zijn veiligheid niet eeuwig en onvoorwaardelijk op Amerikaanse bescherming kan blijven rekenen.

Japan heeft intussen spionagesatellieten gelanceerd die het doen en laten van Noord-Korea moeten volgen. In samenwerking met de Verenigde Staten wordt een raketschild gebouwd dat tegen 2007 af moet zijn. Het initiatief roept nieuwe vragen op over artikel 9. Bovendien laat Noord-Korea met zijn recente nucleaire bedreigingen nog weinig ruimte voor aanslepend gepieker en gepalaver. Als er ooit vijandige aanvallen moeten worden onderschept, zal dat zo snel moeten gebeuren dat er geen tijd zal zijn om de premier of het parlement te raadplegen.

=Bronnen=

Boeken

 * Tsutsui, Wakamizu. The changing postwar international legal regime: the role played by Japan. Den Haag: Kluwer Law International, 2002.
 * Vanoverbeke, Dimitri en Edward Adriaensens. Op zoek naar het nieuwe Japan. Roeselare: Roularta Books/Globe, 2004.
 * Vande Walle, Willy, Syllabus Moderne Geschiedenis van Japan, cursus gedoceerd in het kader van het vak 'Geschiedenis van het moderne Japan', Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Hans Coppens, 2003.
 * Woolley, Peter J. Japan's Navy: Politics and Paradox, 1971-2000. London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2000.

Internet

 * http://www.politicalaffairs.net.
 * http://www.asahi.com.
 * http://www.japantimes.co.jp.
 * http://www.mainichi-msn.co.jp.
 * http://www.vrtnieuws.net.
 * http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces

=Extra links=

title: User:Yiang/sandbox


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Template:Climate change

An infobox for climate change and its news. ''Are newer articles not showing? Refresh''

Customize this infobox .

es:Plantilla:Cambio climático

title: Template:Climate change


text:
Wikinews:Skins/Datrio.css

/* */ /* Wikinews CSS v0.9            */ /* Last update: 17th May UTC    */ /* - */ /* This skin works under Opera  */ /* and Gecko browsers. There are */ /* glitches under IE, and I'm   */ /* not sure about other browsers */ /* so if anyone could send me   */ /* screenshots of this layout on */ /* Mac and Linux browsers, it'd */ /* be appreciated. */ /* - */

/*This is a slightly modified version of Datrio's skin: http://pl.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=User:Datrio/monobook.css&action=raw&ctype=text/css To support the new wikinews box (#p-wikinews)*/ /* If you want to use this skin in your CSS, just paste the following line in your monobook.css file: @import "http://en.wikinews.org/w/index.php?title=Wikinews:Skins/Datrio.css&action=raw&ctype=text/css";

This will allow me to make changes in the skin, so that you won't have to manually update it in your monobook.css. */

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title: Wikinews:Skins/Datrio.css


text:
User:Ankusam

Filmcity fraud by Ramoji Rao
http://www.vaarttha.com/vaarttha/hed2.asp

title: User:Ankusam


text:
Palestinian Foreign Minister: No peace with Israel

November 12, 2006

Palestinian Foreign Affairs Minister Mahmoud al-Zahar said today that Hamas is against peace with Israel, will not give up the right of return of Palestinian refugees and will not recognize Israel even if a Palestinian state is created in the pre-1967 borders. Al-Zahar also threatened Israel with response to the artillery shelling by the Israel Defense Forces at Beit Hanoun, where 19 Palestinians were killed due to machinery fault at one of the artillery stations.

The foreign minister also noted that Hamas will receive most seats in the Palestinian parliament, thus changing Palestinian Authority's policy to its liking. He also revealed that Hamas turned down Palenstinian Prime Minister Mahmoud Abbas's offer to release kidnapped Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit under Egyptian custody prior to Israel's assurance of release up to a thousand Palestinian prisoners.


text:
User talk:89.0.227.161

Welcome
, welcome to Wikinews! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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--Brian McNeil / talk 21:32, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:89.0.227.161


text:
User:Ryuch

http://en.wikipedia.org/User:Ryuch

title: User:Ryuch


text:
User talk:TacticalSniper

Welcome
, welcome to Wikinews! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!
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title: User talk:TacticalSniper


text:
Talk:Palestinian Foreign Minister: No peace with Israel

I assume the new title refers to a broadcast by Palestinian FM, the radio station? If so, do they have a wikipedia page, or a website, and can we include links to them? Links to wikipedia are text you want to appear, Eg Stupid Game appears as Stupid Game.

One other thing is there needs to be a == Sources == section. With at least 2 sources. Check how other articles look when you click the edit button. --Brian McNeil / talk 21:45, 12 November 2006 (UTC)
 * This is looking a lot better, but my Hebrew is nonexistent and a lot of that is relied on. The simple, and non-constructive approach would be to ask for more English sources, but I don't think that's going to happen.  How about lifting sections (2-3 sentences) from the source that you rely on and doing a translation here on the talk page.  If there is any dispute we can dig around for someone capable of arbitrating on your translation.
 * Yes, this is "hoops" to jump through, and your article is shaping up nicely, but you're new to the wiki. You do seem to learn fast though. :) --Brian McNeil / talk 22:30, 12 November 2006 (UTC)

Well, The problem is that I cannot use the Hebrew source, as their content is copyrighted. So I just told the story in my own words. -- TacticalSniper / talk 01:39, 13 November 2006 (GMT+2)


text:
Alberta premier Ralph Klein joke outrages Liberal MP Belinda Stronach

November 13, 2006

Alberta premier Ralph Klein was at the annual Calgary Homeless Foundation roast Tuesday evening when he poked fun at Liberal MP Belinda Stronach crossing the floor from the Conservatives to the Liberals. "I wasn't surprised that she crossed over to the Liberals. I don't think she ever did have a Conservative bone in her body. Well, maybe one." [Referring to Conservative MP Peter MacKay, her ex boyfriend]. "Well, speaking of Peter MacKay...," he continued.

Klein refused to apologize for the remark saying: "I'm making no apologies....I read the copy and I approved. I thought it was a funny line....So did Bruce [his bodyguard]," he added.

"A roast is a roast is a roast. It's not a toast," Klein told reporters.

The audience laughed at the joke, but after some people said they felt uncomfortable with it.

"Ms. Stronach roasted the premier two years ago and made remarks about his weight, his clothing and even his flatulence," Marisa Etmanski, Klein's press secretary, told the Canadian Press. "In a roast situation, these remarks were hysterical, and that's the same kind of thing that happened this year."

Stronach, a feminist, was offended by the joke and said that "we want to attract many more women to participate in politics" and "improve the civility that occurs in public life."

Stronach was in Montreal on Thursday for an international conference on global poverty and defended herself from the comment. "Ralph should put his money where his mouth is and buy a whole bunch of bednets to save kids from malaria in Africa."

The joke was taken from Mr. MacKay's alleged comment calling Stronach a "dog" last month in the House of Commons.

"I don't know of any person who is more respectful of women, who is less inclined to tell off-colour stories or use improper language," said Shirley McClellan, Klein's deputy premier. "I've worked with this gentleman for 17 years, and have never been treated with anything more than the utmost respect. And I am so disappointed in our media."

The video (see external links section) has made its way around the popular internet video site YouTube. It has been viewed more than 19,500 times and more than 100 comments had been posted about the video.


text:
Talk:Alberta premier Ralph Klein joke outrages Liberal MP Belinda Stronach

Ralph Klein's joke was pretty funny and clever. It made a lot of sense to me. He is right about Stronach.
 * I don't think shes getting re-elected. Bawolff ☺☻ 00:11, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. P.S. I went to the Rick Mercer Report website and saw the Peter MacKay dog food video! F  e  llow  Wiki  News   (W)  01:00, 14 November 2006 (UTC)

how is this turning the joke arround?
"Stronach was in Montreal on Thursday for an international conference on global poverty and turned the joke back on Klein. "Ralph should put his money where his mouth is and buy a whole bunch of bednets to save kids from malaria in Africa.""

That sounds more like cry why won't politicians stop making fun of me/ I have no good response, then any sort of turn arround. Where did Klien ever say anything relating to Africans dieing from malaria. Sure pretty much everyone thinks that people dieing is bad, but I don't remember him ever mentioning the subject. Bawolff ☺☻ 00:11, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Stronach defended herself by saying: "Ralph should put his money where his mouth is." F  e  llow  Wiki  News   (W)  01:04, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
 * But his mouth wasn't in Africa (Unless I misssed something). Bawolff ☺☻ 23:23, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I changed it to "Stronach was in Montreal on Thursday for an international conference on global poverty and defended herself." — F e  llow  Wiki  News   (W)  01:24, 15 November 2006 (UTC)

Not lead material
This is gutter press reporting, why is it up as a lead? --Brian McNeil / talk 21:03, 14 November 2006 (UTC)
 * The third lead wasn't updated since the 11th. F  e  llow  Wiki  News   (W)  21:50, 14 November 2006 (UTC)


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Gerald Ford oldest living US President ever

November 13, 2006

After passing Ronald Reagan on Sunday, Gerald Ford became the oldest living United States President in history at 93 years old.

Ford was born on July 14, 1913 in Omaha, Nebraska and has been alive for 93 years and 121 days. Former record-holder Reagan died at 93 years and 120 days in June, 2004. Before Reagan held the record, John Adams' 90 year lifespan gave him the bragging rights. George Washington, the first former president to die, held the record before that.

A former Michigan congressman, Ford became Vice President in December of 1973 under Richard Nixon after Spiro Agnew resigned due to taking bribes.

After Richard Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974 (possibly to avoid impeachment) because of the Watergate scandal, Ford became the 38th President.

Ford was the only president who was never elected to either the presidency or the vice presidency, and remained in office until defeated by Jimmy Carter in the November 1976 Presidential election.

Ford and his wife Betty, 88, live in Rancho Mirage in the desert area of Southern California.

"The length of one's days matters less than the love of one's family and friends," said Ford in a statement in the local Desert Sun newspaper.

Ford has battled a series of illnesses this year. He has been hospitalized four times for angioplasty, shortness of breath and pneumonia, and other tests.


text:
User talk:Cacophony~enwikinews

Welcome
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Is This Really News?
Hi there, you wrote on an Football article "Is this really news?", and I just wanted to respond. Sports articles are news, Wikinews is not just world events, it is anything and everything, as long is it is still news. If you look, there is a portal for many sports, obviously supporting the idea of sports writing. —Dark Squall 02:28, 1 April 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Cacophony. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Cacophony~enwikinews that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:13, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:29, 21 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cacophony~enwikinews


text:
User talk:Momodamonkey

Welcome
, welcome to Wikinews! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome!— F e  llow  Wiki  News   (W)  00:38, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Neutral point of view - tell every side to a story in a fair and balanced way
 * Cite sources - everything in a Wikinews article must be sourced
 * Introduction - overview of the site
 * Writing an article - how to write and publish a complete article
 * Content guide - what's suitable for Wikinews
 * Contents - the contents page.
 * Existing articles need expanding and checking for spelling and mistakes
 * The front page lead articles often need updating
 * Developing stories need finishing and publishing
 * Discussions need your input
 * And of course, stories need writing!

hi Momodamonkey, welcome to wikinews. i thought u might be interested in this interview under preparation. — Doldrums(talk) 09:39, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

Great job on the Abramoff article. --amiableamy 14:32, 16 November 2006 (UTC)

U.S. Supreme Court to hear arguments on global warming
You have probably already seen in your watchlist that I unpublished and decimated this.

Nothing personal. Please take another look, it is definitely an interesting and newsworthy event, and I am glad you chose to write about it. I won't be on the wiki for several hours for work reasons, so perhaps you can debate or address the concerns I raised with other wikinewsies. --InfantGorilla 22:08, 26 November 2006 (UTC)

ARBCOM voting
Hi,

I'm glad to see you intrested in the ARBCOM elections. Unfortunately, the election rules say that "In order to vote, you need to have been an active user on Wikinews for more than a month, and you must have at least 200 edits." Since you don't have 200 edits, I was forced to remove you vote. You could still revert me and change them to comments.

sincerely, --Steven Fruitsmaak (Reply) 22:39, 27 January 2007 (UTC)

Subtropical storm brews off eastern Florida, USA
You've been updating this article. Could you please also add the appropriate National Hurricane Center advisories (or whatever your source is) to the list of sources? Thank you. --SVTCobra 01:54, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Bonds
Hey, fast work. Of course, I get lots of credit for the idea :) And you'll need version for #754 and 755, too! Blum 13:43, 10 May 2007 (UTC)

Thanks
I appreciate the help dude. Yeah I like your way of thinking too it's about time. I absolutely hate how some people will criticize an article, put in it in development and not fix it and leave it to the original author to fix which is so hard to do. The 13th 4postle 02:23, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * No problem man. I think that Wikinews needs some balls is all. And this is the perfect example Momodamonkey 02:26, 16 May 2007 (UTC).

 * Check out the Friends, On Notice, and Dead to Me section on my user page.  The 13th 4postle 13:19, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

 * They're telling me I have to take it down now. lol The 13th 4postle 13:58, 16 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Offensive comments and personal attacks are not allowed on Wikinews, nor are they tolerated. DragonFire1024 13:59, 16 May 2007 (UTC)

Wolfowitz article
First off, we really appreciate your contribution.

But sometimes users submit an article from somewhere else, not realizing that Wikinews cannot keep copy-and-paste versions of articles which are published elsewhere under a restrictive copyright. An article created in this way is a copyright violation, and Wikinews policy is to erase these even if they are excellent article ideas.

Another problem which sometimes comes up is press releases. Press releases are sometimes excellent sources, but they do not qualify as unbiased news articles so they can't be published as they are. Two key things to remember about press releases is that they're usually written to represent the viewpoint of an involved party (Thus likely running foul of our Neutral Point of View policy). And second, they are generally covered by copyright which can conflict with our open editing approach.

A better way to get an article on an exciting subject published here is to write an original article following the guidelines described in writing an article, or to write a brief explanation of the subject and include the url address of articles or websites to use as sources.

Thanks again! –Doldrums(talk) 22:04, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

RE Weather
Sure...thats what its there for :) I just have it in the user space because its not an official project yet. I would like most everything to be automated...a lot of the information can be grabbed from the NOAA its just a matter of finding the proper programs and scripts...so feel free to improve on it all you like :) DragonFire1024 23:24, 5 June 2007 (UTC)

Russia
Please comment on the talk page about Russia threatens to point nuclear missiles at European cities. One you placed a tag and did not comment on why and have yet to do so. You did it on an article published for 2 days. Technically, the edit you made by adding the tag should be reverted. And your reasoning to tagging it is not an actioable objection and is nothing but you POV os an interview. DragonFire1024 05:45, 6 June 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Momodamonkey


text:
UFDR rebels seize second town in Central Africa Republic

November 13, 2006

Rebels known as the Union of Democratic Forces for Unity (UDFU) or the UFDR with its French initials in the Central African Republic (CAR) claim to have taken over another town in the CAR after a two-week long offensive.

The rebels told a BBC reporter via satellite telephone that they had captured Ouadda-Djalle, an isolated settlement 200 km west of the border with Sudan.

A government spokesman has only confirmed the rebels' activity but so far, not the seizure of the town. The government claims that Ouadda-Djalle still remains in the army's hands.

The UFDR claims their reasons for rebelling are to fight against corruption and mismanagement under CAR President Francois Bozize's handling, who seized power in a 2003 coup.

The first town to fall into the hands of the UFDR was Birao, which was captured in October. Both towns claimed by the rebels are near eastern Chad and Sudan's western Darfur region.

The CAR government believes that the rebels are being supported by Sudanese authorities and are operating from Darfur. Sudan has denied this, though.

The French military has been requested to come and stop the rebellion from getting out of control.

"We captured this town in the early hours of the morning this Friday after [a] fierce battle with the regular army," Abakar Saboune, one of the rebels said.

Saboune also said twenty government troops were killed in the seizure, and twelve more were taken prisoner. The rebels only lost three people, and another two were wounded.

The UFDR's forces, currently located 750 km north of the Bangui, are thought to be ready to capture another two towns.

The rebels requested that a national conference be held to discuss the matter of sharing power, but the government has, at this point, not responded.


title: File:13November2006.pdf


title: File:13November2006.sxw


text: Category:Gerald Ford

title: Category:Gerald Ford


text:
User talk:71.77.43.52

Welcome
71.77.43.52, welcome to Wikinews! I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are a few good links for newcomers:

Our key policies - if you read anything, read these! Here a few pointers to help you get to know Wikinews: There are always things to do on Wikinews: By the way, you can sign your name on Talk pages using four tildes ( ~~~~ ), which produces your name and the current date. If you have any questions, you can ask them at the water cooler or to anyone on the Welcommittee, or ask me on my Talk page. Again, welcome! -- IlyaHaykinson 03:48, 13 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Neutral point of view - tell every side to a story in a fair and balanced way
 * Cite sources - everything in a Wikinews article must be sourced
 * Introduction - overview of the site
 * Writing an article - how to write and publish a complete article
 * Content guide - what's suitable for Wikinews
 * Style guide - how articles should look before publishing
 * Contents - the contents page.
 * Existing articles need expanding and checking for spelling and mistakes
 * The front page lead articles often need updating
 * Developing stories need finishing and publishing
 * Discussions need your input
 * Audio Wikinews could always use more contributors
 * And of course, stories need writing!

title: User talk:71.77.43.52


text:
Orcon New Zealand to provide television via Internet

November 13, 2006

Internet service provider (ISP) and telephone provider, Orcon Internet Limited, is going to start to provide television channels via super-fast broadband right to the customers television set. The service will be rolled out sometime next year after Telecom New Zealand has opened its lines to the competitors.

The high speed internet Orcon wishes to use is called VDSL2+ which is able to go 100 megabits per second; this is an upgrade of Telecom's current technology, ADSL 2+. The new technology will be able to be installed when the government has opened up Telecoms lines to other ISPs. Scott Bartlett, regulatory manager of Orcon, said: "If we left this to the big telcos we wouldn't get VDSL2+ for 5-10 years. We don't have an existing legacy framework that limits us, so we can leap-frog them in terms of technology."

The television channels/programmes will be delivered in high definition via IPTV, or Internet protocol television, to a set-top box, similar to those of Sky Network Television, connected to broadband.

Orcon has invested NZ$30 million into the new television service, they will be teaming up with Siemens to deliver the new television system.

Mr Bartlett said: "We are pitching to a market segment who were not necessarily totally nuts about watching the rugby live but still wanted high-definition quality television delivered by broadband."

Orcon already has 52 channels secured, they channels will include the genres of comedy, science-fiction, news, music, weather and speaciality language channels. The movies will cost $1.00 each. And for $25 customers will be able to buy 25 channels or for $30 there will be 52 channels. For Sky television it costs $15 a week for an entry level package. "We don't believe we have a monopoly and every channel known to man, we just think we have the ones that are important to New Zealanders," the chief executive of Sky, John Fellet, said.

Mr Fellet said they "would like to partner with Orcon and deliver our channels over Orcon's service, but if that did not happen, we are looking forward to competition heating up. Compete with us, that is fine. If you want to take our core product and add options yourself, that is an option as well. We have rights to rugby and movies, so whenever companies start seriously looking at it, they will look upon us as more of a supplier than a competitor.

Sky has confirmed that they have contracts to deliver IPTV via Telecom services, as Sky is planning to release an IPTV service early 2007. "For the foreseeable future, until the infrastructure improves, the satellite is the best way to deliver live rugby but if you wanted to see a game that has been played, the internet is the best way to do that, by streaming," Mr Fellet said.


text:
Portal talk:Original reporting

I put together an RSS feed of the "Original Reporting" section. The feed is available at http://www.inic.org/wikinews.xml I also added an external link to the feed on the top of the Original_reporting page. If you do not have an RSS reader, you can view a web based version of the feed at Wikinews Original Reporting RSS Feed Please let me know what you think. I will try to update it daily. Inic 04:24, 1 February 2006 (UTC)
 * We also have http://toolserver.org/~zach/cgi-bin/rss.cgi?cat=Original_reporting Bawolff ☺☻ 04:42, 25 June 2009 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Original reporting


text:
Former Guantanamo detainees convicted in Morocco

November 13, 2006

Three Moroccans, who were formerly held in extrajudicial detention in the United States Guantanamo Bay detainee camps, in Cuba, Mohamed Souleymani Laalami, Najib Lahssini and Mohammed Ouali, were sentenced on Friday November 10.

Laalami's Moroccan conviction was for creating a "criminal group". He was sentenced to five years imprisonment.

Najib Lahssini and Mohammed Ouali were convicted of falsifying documents, and were sentenced to three years imprisonment.

The three men's extrajudicial detention in Guantanamo was based on a secret determination that they were "enemy combatants". The US Supreme Court forced the US Department of Defense to conduct Combatant Status Review Tribunals, between July of 2004 and March of 2005.

Al Jazeera reports that the three men's transfer to Morocco occurred prior to February 2006, and that their trial was unrelated to their Guantanamo detention. Al Jazeera reports that the USA had allowed seven other Moroccans to be repatriated.

Maroo Annonces reported that FBI director Mueller had visited Morocco in early February, to negotiate the repatriation of the detainees to Moroccan anti-terrorism Police; that a February 12 visit from Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld coincided with the men's transfer; and that the Moroccan counter-terrorism police had finished their investigation on February 22nd.

During Mohamed Souleymani Laalami's Tribunal he was accused of attending the al Farouq training camp, a military training camp that is alleged to have trained terrorists, including 9-11 hijackers, Richard Reid, "the shoe bomber", Ahmed Ressam, "the millennium bomber". Souleymani denied attending the camp. Souleymani was also accused of being captured in the Tora Bora mountains. Laalami, in turn, alleged that he had beaten, and threatened with death, during his interrogations in Afghanistan, to force him to falsely confess to please his interrogators.

Lahssini chose not to participate in his Combatant Status Review Tribunal.

The US Department of Defense was forced to release an official list of the names of all the Guantanamo detainees who had been held in military custody. Although all the press reports describe Mohammed Ouali as a former Guantanamo detainee, there is no detainee named Mohammed Ouali on the official list of detainee names.


text: User:Buchanan-Hermit

title: User:Buchanan-Hermit


text: User talk:Buchanan-Hermit

title: User talk:Buchanan-Hermit