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Talk:Bus (computing)

main article picture
Does nobody else see the striking resemblance of the main article photo (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_%28computing%29#/media/File:PCIExpress.jpg) to an actual school bus? I bring this up because at first glance, I thought I had navigated to the wrong wiki page and was about to hit the back button when I looked closer and realized that this was a photo of yellow card slots with capacitors as wheels. I might suggest another photo is used as the landing image as silly as it sounds. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 130.76.24.16 (talk) 22:19, 25 April 2017 (UTC)

bus width
Question about definition of bus width. Is it just the bandwidth of the bus times the duration of a CPU cycle? It would be nice if that were defined so I'd know for sure.

The "bus width" is the number of data bits that can be simultaneously transferred. Usually that is identical to the number of data wires in the bus -- i.e., the number of wires in the data bus. The memory bus to a typical memory chip includes 8 wires in the data bus, 15 wires in the address bus, and 3 wires in the control bus, giving a 8 bit bus width. The various serial buses transmit 1 bit at a time, so they have a bus width of 1 bit (no matter if they transmit that bit on a single-ended wire, or differentially on 2 wires, and no matter whether or not there are other control wires associated with it). --75.19.73.101 23:18, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

Erp Shubhy824 (talk) 19:33, 22 October 2016 (UTC)

article name
It's actually a more general term than computing. So this probably means moving. Or at least there needs to be another page, and have them linked together. Hmm. electrical bus perhaps? --drj

Do we really need separate articles for parallel bus, serial bus, internal bus, external bus? Can they be all covered here?

Any chance of some of Serial access, Serial transmission, Serial port merging?

"Buses" or "busses"? In American English at least, the former is the plural of "bus", while the latter is the third-person present tense of "to buss", meaning "to kiss".

 * Fowler says "buses" -- Tarquin

RS-232
Is RS-232 a bus? Surely, it is not, it is strictly point-to-point and hence not a bus in any sense. The same goes for RS-422 and probably a few others too -- Egil
 * A bus should connect more than two elements. I agree that RS 232 is not reasonably a "bus" and is never described as such in the EIA standard (at least the Rev C that I have). I'm taking it out. --Wtshymanski 15:57, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * RS-422 is a bus. Serial Attached SCSI is not a bus (as mistakenly stated in the article). It is easier to understand topologies reading Network topology. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 185.57.28.108 (talk) 14:30, 1 April 2017 (UTC)

CAN bus
Hello! I'm a newbie here and as I didn't find anything in Wikipedia about the controller area network (CAN) bus, I intended to create its entry. But I'm not sure if I should add a link to it in the Computer bus page or in the Electrical bus page. What do you suggest?

By the way, to have an idea about what is the CAN bus, look at: http://www.pcwebopedia.com/TERM/C/controller_area_network.html.

Thanks. -- Akira - Cleber Akira Nakandakare

 * An article about CAN (controller area network) is a very welcome contribution. It definitely think it should be listed on the Computer bus page, under  Examples of External Computer Buses, Serial -- Egil 07:06 21 May 2003 (UTC)

 * done. --75.19.73.101 23:18, 11 November 2007 (UTC)

RS-232
I think that the view of RS-232 not being a bus is conceptual, as someone else suggested about CAT5 nework connections. As a specific example, Centronics parallel connections are supposedly point-to-point, but parallel scanners and parallel ZIP drives (not to menion SCSI-via-parallel and IDE-via-parallel) have been out for years, which can daisy-chain between the computer and a printer. There are multiplexers available to run several independent signals over a serial connection; these are litle different from USB hubs and the like. Scott McNay 01:43, 2004 Feb 26 (UTC)
 * The PC-compatible world is full of stunts like that, but desparate work-arounds and expediencies in my opinion don't qualify the IBM PC parallel port as a "bus". It wasn't intended to be used as such, shucks, it wasn't even bidirectional till late in its evolution. --Wtshymanski 16:27, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

readability
The following was on the main page in a hidden (html) comment: ''This is not a technical encyclopedia; this is a general-purpose encyclopedia. Thus, I think we should make an effort to make things understandable by non-techs, if possible, without sacrificing correctness or details.'' copied across and removed from article page by VampWillow 20:51, 12 Jun 2004 (UTC)
 * A diagram is in order. I'll put it on my to-do list unless someone beats me to it. --Wtshymanski 16:27, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Asynchronous vs synchronous buses
The article says "All the equipment on the bus has to talk at the same speed, and thus shares a single clock." Surely this isn't true, since, for example the Motorola 68000 family implmeented asynchronous buses, where data transfer would vary in speed depending on how fast a peripheral chose to assert the "DTACK" (data transfer acknowledge) signal. --Wtshymanski 16:16, 15 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Spectra and Multics
RCA Spectra machines did not run Multics...multics was in the GE and the Honeywell camp. Spectra was a pseudo IBM compatible system running operating systems TOS, TDOS and TSOS. I suspect the comments about the BUS could be correct...but for Spectra machines of those that ran Multics?

tg

I agree. But with either answer, it would probably not be the first such system. I don't know what the first would be, but I would guess that Burroughs D825 would be an early example. http://research.microsoft.com/~gbell/Computer_Structures__Readings_and_Examples/00000280.htm Perhaps this is too obscure to be illustrative. DHR 23:40, 19 February 2006 (UTC)

Three Bus Structure
Do you guys think it'd be worth mentioning the three-bus architecture? As I understand it, it's an important model and is used a lot in computer systems. I could write a little about it if it's a good idea. Haddock420 12:33, 13 January 2006 (UTC)

''Yes, please write a little about it. --75.19.73.101 23:18, 11 November 2007 (UTC)''

 * Yes, please write about it. Are you talking about the 3 buses in a system bus architecture, or some other three-bus architecture? --DavidCary (talk) 16:34, 11 March 2014 (UTC)

Article name
As nobody really calls the subject of this article a "computer bus" (do they?) I propose a name change, to "Bus (computing)" to fit in better with standard Wikipedia naming. Any comments? JulesH 09:50, 13 December 2006 (UTC)

I wholeheartedly agree - I was going to say exactly that. As nobody has responded within 5 days I'm renaming the page and setting the old name to be a redirect. I was going to edit all the links to here, but when I checked there were far too many for that to be viable. Perhaps a bot will sort that out later. Dan Pope 13:17, 18 January 2007 (UTC)

what is a another term for a computer bus? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 204.29.116.62 (talk)

Is there a significant difference between a computer bus and a expansion bus? If not, both terms should redirect to the same article, with the difference (if any) explained in the article. --DavidCary (talk) 14:31, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

 * Ah, it seems expansion bus redirects to expansion card, which is somewhat a different topic. This topic is the architectural concept, which might be implemented in a number of different physical ways. One common way is to have cards that plug in, often some time after the other parts of the computer are assembled, which is what that article describes. There are many other computer buses that are not interfaces to plug-in cards; now days they are often even within the integrated circuit itself, so would only be visible under a microscope, and are fabricated when the integrated circuit is. Perhaps this could be explained better in these articles? W Nowicki (talk) 16:38, 18 July 2013 (UTC)

Is Bus an Acronym?
is bus an acronym?.. if so what is the full form?... —Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.163.89.34 (talk • contribs) 13:00, 13 July 2007

I think it's important to clarify this one, particularly with references. Some people say it's short for Omnibus (latin for "for all"), wiki is the only source I've come across that mentions Bi-directional Universal Switch. I'll make it a project of mine for the next few days to find a source either proving or disproving it's acronym-ness. Alex Williams 23:51, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't think that the bus we are talking of here is an acronym. Here is a list of bus acronyms which possibly do not suit the article here. --Ahsasin8 16:40, 26 December 2007 (UTC)

I'm pretty sure that bus is not an acronym in this context, it's just an accessible metaphor for a transfer mechanism (like a motor bus). I think we need to remove the statement unless someone can come up with a credible citation. 155.229.196.12 (talk) 14:01, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

I'd also like to add that my suspicion that "binary unit system" is a backronym arises from the fact that, as an IT professional, it just doesn't make any sense here. It's not a system of binary units or for binary units. Ultimately the information it transmits is binary, but you could say that of pretty much any computing resource. 155.229.196.12 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 14:07, 9 January 2013 (UTC)

Here a web page of a dictionary: https://www.lexico.com/definition/bus It says that bus come from omnibus. Can it be considered reliable? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 82.57.93.218 (talk) 09:22, 4 November 2020 (UTC)

 * https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busbar#:~:text=In%20electric%20power%20distribution%2C%20a,local%20high%20current%20power%20distribution.
 * The most logical etymology seems to be based on busbar. I didn't find a good source tho (some quora answers explaining the connection). For me as a software engineer this feels a lot better than the connection to the transport vehicle (that's derived from Latin omnibus).
 * German Wikipedia also says some old drawings labeled rack extensions "BU" for Back mounted panel Unit and these were plugged into Back mounted panel Unit sockets. That also feels like it could be correct. 80.187.122.1 (talk) 15:10, 28 January 2024 (UTC)

Bus speeds for different devices
Some processors, such as the 68000, have provision for slow devices on the memory/IO bus and have a line (DTAK, for "data transfer acknowledge") which the peripheral will assert to signify it's had enough time to read/write the bus. So it's not strictly true that increasing bus speeds required increasing peripheral speeds, at least in the case of asynchronous bus designs. The whole world isn't an IBM PC, you know...or even an S100, for that matter. --Wtshymanski 18:53, 9 November 2007 (UTC)

PCI Express Bus Photo
The photograph nearest the top of the page states that the image is of a PCI Express bus... however the PCI Express article states that the PCI Express standard does not use a traditional bus, it uses lanes instead. -- 71.207.13.141 (talk) 05:16, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Yes, but that's just on the electrical level. All the pins from different lanes are still arranged in a single strip. Hence why the connectors differ in size: they have a different number of lanes each. -- intgr [talk] 17:33, 6 December 2007 (UTC)

 * PCI Express is not a bus, neither is RS-232 —Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.55.0.135 (talk) 21:25, 8 June 2008 (UTC)

AGP after PCI?
Didnt AGP come before PCI?

Generalization
I think the whole organization of "bus" articles related to data buses needs to be re-vamped. The way I think about it, a computing bus as described in this article is just a specific case of a data bus. For that matter, there is a whole family of data buses not addressed: those used to connect special-purpose computers in aircraft, cars, and probably lots of other applications. For example, RS-422, RS-485, ARINC 429, MIL-STD-1553, and CAN, to name a few. By the way, the term bus in my experience is commonly used to describe point-to-point (two device) communication networks. I would like to see a citation for the "must connect more than two devices" assertion. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 63.114.24.9 (talk) 05:13, 9 February 2008 (UTC)

I agree that this article should mention (and link to articles about) more general concepts as well as specific cases. I added some of the specific items you mentioned to Bus (computing) section of this article. Feel free to make further improvements. --DavidCary (talk) 01:01, 20 January 2023 (UTC)

Data bus redirect?
Why does data bus redirect here? They are entirely separate things. You to combine a data, address and control bus (or multiplex them all) to make a bus that is described in this article. Rilak (talk) 11:12, 13 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I agree with this, although I'm not sure if a control bus is necessary in every bus. However there is a worse terminology problem here which is the circularity of the definition; if we say "A bus is composed of a data bus, an address bus and a control bus," it still leaves the question, "What is a bus?"  If allowable by quotation guidelines, I'd recommend quoting the definition here: http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/bus  (I found that definition the most helpful in clearing this word up; I'm unaffiliated with that site.) 99.193.239.11 (talk) 23:27, 10 June 2016 (UTC)

Alas, the term "data bus" is frequently used for 2 different kinds of bus (computing):
 * the parallel data section of a system bus (which also includes an address bus and a control bus), such as some (but far from all) of the conductors in expansion card edge contacts, as Rilak mentions.
 * Many Wikipedia articles, such as ARINC 429, MIL-STD-1553, SpaceWire, etc., use the phrase "data bus" (often "serial data bus") to describe an entire field bus, including all the conductors in each connector, etc.

Apparently someone decided that this "bus (computing)" article was the most specific article that mentions both kinds of "data bus". Would some other approach serve our readers better? --DavidCary (talk) 01:37, 20 January 2023 (UTC)

Contradiction and apparent attempt to exclude HyperTransport
The article's lead explicitly rules out point-to-point links as being a "bus". Yet that is what HyperTransport is, and it's listed as a bus further down in the article. Furthermore, I think this is mostly semantics. You can add a discussion about the strictness (or lack thereof) for the dictionary definition of "bus", or even "not a bus", but by and large the common usage is that "bus" refers to whatever connects the various components of a computer together and vice versa (nobody actually calls HT a "point to point link" except in formal papers). If anyone objects to this and cannot reconcile it with a separate paragraph about the meaning of "bus", please discuss further. Ham Pastrami (talk) 04:38, 21 February 2009 (UTC)
 * IEEE Std. 100 says a bus in the context of a microcomputer system connects "a number of devices" - that is, more than two. I don't think it's useful or appropriate to describe a point to point link as a "bus" since a bus implies that multiple devices can connect to it. I'm all in favor of common useage defining usage but not at the cost of ambiguity. Otherwise the word "bus" is meaningless. --Wtshymanski (talk) 15:36, 21 February 2009 (UTC)
 * A "number" is not "more than two", unless you are referring to another normative definition. The dictionary provides: (1b) an indefinite usually large total and (3) a distinction of word form to denote reference to one or more than one. The 1b definition rules out point-to-point links and traditional buses equally; neither kind of bus is typically built for a "usually large" number of devices. In practice, there are also several high-profile precedents: front side bus and back side bus connect only 2 devices, unless you also want to count the clock; the "AGP bus" would also be a misnomer. Again, the article as-is mentions HyperTransport in several places anyhow (really, as it should) and using a conflicting, interpreted definition (correct me if I'm wrong, but IEEE does not actually say "Point-to-point is not a bus") is what leads to ambiguity. You have the lead and the body claiming different things. Also, I'm not at all sure what is meant by the word "bus" becoming meaningless. Aside from that one sentence, the article provides a solid background on what a computing bus is. It's not like this creates the ability for someone to add "a computer bus is a monkey". Please keep in mind that Wikipedia is not a technical manual (see point 5 especially), and things like IEEE or dictionary definitions are not necessarily appropriate to define the scope of an article. Ham Pastrami (talk) 07:48, 27 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Why does the IEEE definition not then say "two or more" instead of "a number"? That would be clear and would have shown an intent by the IEEE to include point-to-point links. Dictionaries often don't define things by exclusion because dictionaries (unlike Wikipedia) have to worry about space. A point-to-point link and a bus have significantly different properties - bus contention doesn't exist in a point to point link, for example. ( Recall all those desparate stunts in the 5 1/4 disk days for "networking" a classroom using nothing but the RS 232 ports and a bunch of diodes, pull up resistors, clever software, and optimism. RS 232 is not a bus and will bite the hand of anyone who treats it like one.)  What is the difference between a point to point link and a bus?  If they are synonymous, why are their two different terms? Personal computer users have long taken the Humpty Dumpty attitude towards words and definitions, starting with the murky idea of "formatting" a hard drive. I'm of the opinion that our technical vocabulary is the poorer for this practice. --Wtshymanski (talk) 14:59, 27 February 2009 (UTC)
 * Perhaps the IEEE definition is intentionally vague for the express purpose of not locking down the concept to specific electrical implementations? Again, if you want to make a more specific distinction between the general idea of a bus and the difference between traditional and point-to-point, you can, you just need to be more clear that there is a wider context and not narrow the article's purported scope. Within its common English usage, the difference between a point-to-point link and a "bus" is the same between an apple and a fruit. One is a specific type of the other. Ham Pastrami (talk) 16:41, 27 February 2009 (UTC)

BS detected
"Almost always, there was one bus for memory, and another for peripherals"

This is a contradiction with text later in the article and also false. While a separate I/O space existed on Intel processors, this is only true for them and derived CPUs such as the Zilog Z80. On the other hand, Motorola processors, MOS CPUs etc. mapped hardware registers in the same memory space with RAM and ROM. They were accessed using the same instructions and only one data bus existed on the majority of 1980s computers. --213.130.252.119 (talk) 11:17, 18 April 2010 (UTC)

 * (replying two years late...) No, this is not false. The statement is discussing much older systems, the mainframes and minicomputers of the 1950s and 1960s. These generally had completely separate memory and I/O buses. Digital's PDP-11 of 1969 was one of the first systems to unify memory and I/O into a single bus. --Colin Douglas Howell (talk) 00:48, 21 August 2012 (UTC)

Further disambiguation needed
As a non-anglophone, I occasionally need to browse throu various pages to understand a voice.

In this voice the case was:

"Early computer buses were literally parallel electrical buses with multiple connections".

I clicked on "electrical buses " to understand the sentence, but I was redirect to the electric coaches, wich I think is not what ment here...

Any help?

Thanks & regards,

Michele, Italy. 77.89.20.230 (talk) 16:24, 15 March 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks a lot to user OlEnglish who updated the page

WTF!?
"In computer architecture, a bus is a subsystem that transfers data between components inside a computer, or between computers." What about comp-flashdrive? Josh, linguist (talk) 14:46, 10 March 2013 (UTC)

 * I think of a USB keyboard as part of the computer when it is plugged into a desktop computer's USB port.
 * Likewise I think of a USB flash drive as part of the computer when it is plugged into a desktop computer's USB port.
 * In these two cases, the USB bus "transfers data between components inside a computer", even though the keyboard and the flashdrive are outside the computer case.
 * Josh, linguist, can you help us Make technical articles understandable by editing this to use easier-to-understand English?
 * Is there a better way of saying the bus transfers data between parts of a computer, even when some of those parts are outside the computer case, without going into a lot of technical caveats in the first sentence of the article?
 * --DavidCary (talk) 14:13, 5 June 2016 (UTC)
 * I think what you just said is fine, David: "The bus transfers data between parts of a computer." But I'm surprised that nowhere in the article is it mentioned that a bus can transfer data between more than two parts at a time.  The definition I found here: http://searchstorage.techtarget.com/definition/bus was the most helpful for actually grasping the word "bus" itself.  I understand this is an encyclopedic article, not a dictionary; however it should start with a clear and precise definition of the subject being discussed. 99.193.239.11 (talk) 23:20, 10 June 2016 (UTC)

Merger discussion
Hi guys,

I think it would make sense to merge the Address bus article into a section within this article. It's a very small, barely maintained article, and its content seems very similar to that of this article. Or is there some big distinction between the two concepts I'm overlooking?

InternetMeme (talk) 21:58, 12 January 2018 (UTC)

 * There's no "data bus" article, for example, so just mentioning that some particular CPUs have separate address and data buses, possibly of different sizes and discussing that in this article makes sense to me. Guy Harris (talk) 23:38, 12 January 2018 (UTC)
 * Support merger; Address bus is a disaster of an article, probably because there isn't enough content for a stand-alone article. power~enwiki ( π, ν ) 19:38, 12 February 2018 (UTC)
 * Support - better not to waste the reader's time with a jump to an article that provides little additional content, which could be non-redundantly incorporated here. --Wtshymanski (talk) 02:01, 13 February 2018 (UTC)
 * ✅ Klbrain (talk) 05:17, 14 April 2019 (UTC)

Requested move 14 January 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: No consensus to move. There is dispute whether "computer bus" is a common enough name for the article content that it works as an article title. (non-admin closure) (t · c)  buidhe  01:12, 29 January 2022 (UTC)

Bus (computing) → Computer bus – Per WP:NATURALDISAMBIG and WP:CONCISE. Rublov (talk) 17:19, 14 January 2022 (UTC) — Relisting. Natg 19 (talk) 01:00, 22 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Support per nom. Egsan Bacon (talk) 17:45, 14 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Support per nom and per Egsan Bacon. BD2412  T 18:25, 14 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Support. Rreagan007 (talk) 18:52, 14 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose. “Computer bus” is not a common term. It’s akin to “car axle” — accurate but not natural disambiguation because it’s not commonly used.  —В²C ☎ 14:10, 15 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I think using "Car axle" as a naturally disambiguated title would be perfectly acceptable too. And a quick Google search for "computer bus" yields over a quarter of a million search results. Seems common enough to me. Rreagan007 (talk) 01:06, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Well, I get 323k hits for "computer bus", which seems like it should be enough, except "data bus" produces 3.6 million hits, which demonstrates how relatively uncommon "computer bus" is in relevant context. --В²C ☎ 01:24, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Are you proposing that the article be moved to Data bus? Rreagan007 (talk) 02:05, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * No, I think the current disambiguated title meets criteria the best, certainly better than the proposed title. My point about data bus is that it’s a type of “computer bus”, and yet it’s far more commonly used in the relevant context. Again, it shows that “computer bus” is a relatively uncommon term. —В²C ☎ 21:24, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * WP:NATURALDISAMBIG covers (in fact, was written to cover) this exact case, though: Using an alternative name that the subject is also commonly called in English reliable sources, albeit not as commonly as the preferred-but-ambiguous title. (emphasis mine) As you yourself observe, the term is used hundreds of thousands of times on the web. It's even used in the article where ambiguity isn't an issue, because it's a natural way to refer to the article's topic. Rublov (talk) 22:01, 17 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I’m well aware of that wording and my interpretation is that it discourages natural disambiguation in a case where the natural disambiguation candidate is not merely “not as commonly” used as the preferred-but-ambiguous title (in this case, “bus”), but it’s less commonly used by more than an order of magnitude. I don’t think you can ascertain whether the WP:NATURALDISAMBIG “also commonly called” hurdle is met by a raw count of number of ghits. To be “commonly called” something it has to be relative to how often it’s referenced. The ghit count for “data bus” gives ″us an idea of the order of that.  And it overwhelms the hit count for “computer bus”.  A term that is used an order of magnitude less often is not used sufficiently often to say the subject is “commonly called” that.  —В²C ☎ 00:32, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

 * A search of the article for computer bus deflates 's argument and leads me to support this proposal. There appears to be no significant downside to adopting WP:NATURALDISAMBIG here. ~Kvng (talk) 16:32, 21 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose Per B2C. I also think it's somewhat confusing, people may assume it refers to heavily computerized vehicles. In this case, specificity from a parenthetical disambiguation is needed.ZXCVBNM (TALK) 00:14, 22 January 2022 (UTC)
 * The standard for WP:RECOGNIZABILITY in our article titles is "The title is a name or description of the subject that someone familiar with, although not necessarily an expert in, the subject area will recognize." I highly doubt that someone familiar with the subject matter of this article would be confused by the proposed title as you have suggested. Rreagan007 (talk) 01:27, 22 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I’m a computer engineer and am opposed precisely because I don’t recall ever encountering the term proposed for title here. For a sanity check I verified with ngrams. Again, compared to other bus terms commonly used in the context of computing, “computer bus” is relatively obscure. —В²C ☎ 06:15, 24 January 2022 (UTC)

 * Oppose per B2C. I don't think the proposed title meets the "commonly called in English RS" threshold set by WP:NATURALDIS. The trend shown in the ngram data they linked is also reflected in Google Scholar results, where "computer bus" gets only around 5k results, compared to 23k for "address bus", 16.5k for "control bus", and 69k for "data bus". There are 2.8m scholar results for computer bus (without quotes) - the results for the quoted term represents around 0.2% of that quantity. Colin M (talk) 20:52, 24 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Support data bus. I don't think the proposed title is common enough, per these sources. Slight preference to move otherwise because natural disambiguation is always preferred. Red   Slash  20:16, 27 January 2022 (UTC)

Bus Interface Unit
What is a Bus Interface Unit (BIU)? The entry on the dab page BIU suggests that this is equivalent to a bus, but a basic check online seems to indicate that a BIU is the part of the CPU that interfaces with the system bus. How should the entry on the dab page be worded? Should Bus interface unit be created as a redirect, and if yes, to which article? Does that term need to be defined in an article? – Uanfala (talk) 02:06, 7 March 2022 (UTC)
 * The entry for "Bus Interface Unit" on BIU says that a "Bus Interface Unit" is "a part of the processor that interfaces with the rest of the PC", which indicates that it's the part of the CPU ("a part of the processor"); however, it links to bus (computing) - that's where the error is.
 * If the part of a processor that connects to buses elsewhere on the computer deserves a page of its own, it should have one, and that entry should link there. Otherwise, the entry should not link the term, and should say something such as
 * Bus Interface Unit, the part of a processor that interfaces with a computer bus
 * so the link is in the description. Guy Harris (talk) 03:10, 7 March 2022 (UTC)

The "Computer Busses, Ports and Peripheral Devices" reference appears to have copied from this page
In this edit, User:Chagropango added a reference for the claim in the first paragraph in.

I downloaded the paper from its ResearchGate page. It appears to "support" that claim by having copied a huge amount of text from this article; the date of the paper is January 2016 (it's from the Consumer Electronics Show, which is held in January), and a version of this article from 2016-10-30 appears to contain most of the text that appears in the paper (starting with the first paragraphs of both), so I'm guessing the author of the paper copied from this article, rather than somebody copying from the paper into this article.

The good news is that it means this article isn't a huge copyright violation; the bad news is that it means that paper can't be used as a reference for anything in the article. Guy Harris (talk) 20:04, 27 June 2022 (UTC)

Okay, thanks for looking at it more closely than I did. Should this be reverted then? Chagropango (talk) 05:58, 29 June 2022 (UTC)

 * The reference should be removed, because using it would be a case of citogenesis, but I already did that. Nothing else needs to be done - this article isn't copying from the paper, the paper is copying from the article. Guy Harris (talk) 07:56, 29 June 2022 (UTC)

Claimed distinction that buses provide power is not necessarily true
I don't agree with #Implementation details statement that "An attribute generally used to characterize a bus is that power is provided by the bus for the connected hardware." For contrary examples, Power over Ethernet devices get their power from the central hub, but are not considered a "bus". And as the article mentions, USB devices are often but not always powered by the USB bus's power supply pin but are considered a "bus", and avionics buses don't.

Sometimes "buses" are distingushed in that that a "bus" is for localized communication, while a "network" is for more widespead communication. But then there are things like "Controller-area network bus" which is called both a "network" and a "bus", it is localized to within a vehicle. And there are Network on a chip which are localized but is a network but not called a "bus".

Maybe that paragraph can be dramatically shortened to just be that a "bus" resembles a busbar. Em3rgent0rdr (talk) 18:27, 21 July 2023 (UTC)

 * That whole section is largely unsourced. Perhaps editors are just making stuff up. The busbar connection is also not properly supported by a source. ~Kvng (talk) 03:51, 25 July 2023 (UTC)

CPUs with a second set of pins
The article says, in, that

"It is possible to allow peripherals to communicate with memory in the same fashion, attaching adapters, either on the motherboard or in the form of expansion cards, directly to the system bus. This is commonly accomplished through some sort of standardized electrical connector, several of these forming the expansion bus or local bus. However, as the performance differences between the CPU and peripherals varies widely, some solution is generally needed to ensure that peripherals do not slow overall system performance. Many CPUs feature a second set of pins similar to those for communicating with memory, but able to operate at very different speeds and using different protocols (e.g. UART, SPI, and Ethernet). Others use smart controllers to place the data directly in memory, a concept known as direct memory access. Most modern systems combine both solutions, where appropriate."

What CPUs have those pins, and what are they? The list of examples includes UARTs and "Ethernet", but does this mean that the pins in question would be pins from an on-CPU-chip UART to go to a serial port and pins from an on-CPU-chip Ethernet adapter to go to a PHY or to an Ethernet network, or does it mean that they would be pins that connect either to a support chip, such as a northbridge, that's an I/O bus (ISA, EISA, PCI, PCIe, etc.) interface, or that directly connect to the I/O bus?

If it's the former, then the examples are examples of the types of pins. However, if it's the latter, the UART and Ethernet examples are examples of peripherals that attach to the I/O bus to which the CPU pins connect.

(And the answer might depend on which type of CPU/SoC chip is being discussed.) Guy Harris (talk) 00:41, 30 July 2023 (UTC)

 * There are no citations in this section. I would thin this material to remove unnecessary detail and ambiguity. ~Kvng (talk) 02:34, 30 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Bus (computing)


text:
Constantine

Constantine most often refers to: Constantine may also refer to:
 * Constantine the Great, Roman emperor from 306 to 337, also known as Constantine I
 * Constantine, Algeria, a city in Algeria

People

 * Constantine (name), a masculine given name and surname

Roman/Byzantine emperors

 * Constantine II (emperor)
 * Constantine III (Western Roman emperor)
 * Constantine III (Byzantine emperor)
 * Constantine IV
 * Constantine V
 * Constantine VI
 * Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus
 * Constantine VIII
 * Constantine IX Monomachos
 * Constantine X Doukas
 * Constantine XI Palaiologos

Emperors not enumerated

 * Tiberius II, reigned officially as "Constantine"
 * Constans II, reigned officially as "Constantine"
 * Constantine (son of Leo V)
 * Constantine (son of Theophilos)
 * Constantine (son of Basil I)
 * Constantine Doukas (co-emperor)
 * Constantine Lekapenos
 * Constantine Laskaris (?)

Other rulers

 * Constantine I, Prince of Armenia
 * Constantine II, Prince of Armenia
 * Constantine I, King of Armenia, also called Constantine III
 * Constantine II, King of Armenia, also called Constantine IV
 * Constantine III, King of Armenia, also called Constantine V
 * Constantine IV, King of Armenia, also called Constantine VI
 * Constantine of Baberon, regent of Zabel, and father of Hetoum I of Armenia, 13th century
 * Constantine I (or Kuestantinos I) of Ethiopia, also known as Zara Yaqob
 * Constantine II (or Kuestantinos II) of Ethiopia, also known as Eskender
 * Constantine I of Greece
 * Constantine II of Greece
 * Constantine I of Arborea
 * Constantín mac Fergusa, or Constantin of the Picts
 * Constantín mac Cináeda, or Constantine I of Scotland
 * Constantine II of Scotland
 * Constantine III of Scotland
 * Constantine I of Cagliari
 * Constantine II of Cagliari
 * Constantine III of Gallura
 * Constantine I of Torres
 * Constantine Tikh of Bulgaria
 * Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich of Russia
 * Constantine Dragaš
 * Constantine I of Georgia
 * Constantine II of Georgia
 * Constantine I of Imereti
 * Constantine Mavrocordatos
 * Constantine Ypsilantis
 * Constantine (Briton), king in sub-Roman Britain
 * Constantine of Strathclyde, supposed king of Strathclyde

Religious leaders

 * Constantine I of Constantinople
 * Constantine II of Constantinople
 * Constantine III of Constantinople
 * Constantine IV of Constantinople
 * Constantine V of Constantinople
 * Constantine VI of Constantinople
 * Pope Constantine
 * Antipope Constantine II

Other people

 * Constantine (British saint), several obscure saints
 * Constantine of Preslav, a medieval Bulgarian scholar
 * Constantine or Causantín, Earl of Fife (fl. 1095–1128), a Scottish nobleman
 * Constantine Stilbes (fl. 1070–1220), a Byzantine clergyman and poet
 * Constantine the African (c. 1020–1087), a Tunisian doctor
 * Constantine the Jew (d. c. 886), Byzantine monk
 * Constantine-Silvanus (also called Silvanus), founder of the Paulicians
 * Saint Cyril the Philosopher, whose original name was Constantine

Fictional characters

 * John Constantine, a fictional character appearing in DC Comics franchise, including Hellblazer
 * Constantine (comic book), a comic book series replacing the earlier Hellblazer
 * Constantine (film), a 2005 American film based on the DC Comic book character from the Hellblazer series
 * Constantine (video game), an action-adventure video game based on the film
 * Constantine (TV series), a 2014 NBC TV series, based on the comic book Hellblazer
 * Constantine: City of Demons, a 2018 CW Seed animated web series
 * Constantine, the main antagonist of the film Muppets Most Wanted

Algeria

 * Constantine, Algeria, the nation's third largest city and capital of Constantine Province
 * Constantine Province, surrounding the city of the same name
 * Beylik of Constantine, an administrative unit of the Regency of Algiers
 * Constantine (departement), similar area during French Algeria

Serbia

 * Constantine the Great Airport, Niš, Serbia

Switzerland

 * Constantine, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Vaud

United Kingdom

 * Constantine Bay, near Padstow, Cornwall
 * Constantine, Cornwall, near Falmouth
 * Constantine College, York, a college of the University of York

United States

 * Constantine, Michigan, a village in St. Joseph county

Other uses

 * Order of Constantine
 * Constantine (album), a 2007 album by Constantine Maroulis
 * Constantine, a 2020 album by 40 Glocc
 * Constantine, a frog character who resembles Kermit the Frog and is the foremost criminal in the 2014 film Muppets Most Wanted

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Constantine


text:
Lists of composers

This is a list of lists of composers grouped by various criteria.

Name

 * List of composers by name

Women

 * List of female composers by name
 * List of female composers by birth date
 * List of Australian female composers

Genre

 * Anime composer
 * List of Carnatic composers
 * List of film score composers
 * List of major opera composers
 * List of composers of musicals
 * List of musicals by composer: A to L, M to Z
 * List of ragtime composers
 * List of symphony composers
 * List of acousmatic-music composers
 * List of Spaghetti Western composers
 * List of television theme music composers

Era

 * List of classical music composers by era
 * List of Medieval composers
 * List of Renaissance composers
 * List of Baroque composers
 * List of Classical-era composers
 * List of Romantic-era composers
 * List of 20th-century classical composers
 * List of 21st-century classical composers

Nationality or ethnicity

 * Chronological lists of classical composers by nationality
 * List of composers by nationality

Instrument

 * List of composers for the classical guitar
 * List of organ composers
 * List of piano composers
 * List of composers and their preferred lyricists
 * List of string quartet composers

Classification

 * Chronological lists of classical composers
 * List of Anglican church composers – See also Religious music
 * List of composers in the Mannheim school
 * List of composers of African descent
 * List of composers of Caribbean descent
 * List of modernist composers
 * List of Byzantine composers
 * List of composers in literature

title: Lists of composers


text:
Cedar Falls, Iowa

Cedar Falls is a city in Black Hawk County, Iowa, United States. As of the 2020 census, the city population was 40,713. Cedar Falls is home to the University of Northern Iowa, a public university.

Cedar Falls along with neighboring city Waterloo, Iowa are the two principal municipalities within the Waterloo-Cedar Falls Metropolitan Statistical Area. This area is known locally as the "Cedar Valley," due to the Cedar River that traverses the vicinity.

History
Cedar Falls was first settled in March 1845 by brothers-in-law William R. Sturgis and Erasmus D. Adams. Initially, the city was named Sturgis Falls. The city was called Sturgis Falls until it was merged with Cedar City (another city on the other side of the Cedar River), creating Cedar Falls. The city's founders are honored each year with a week long community-wide celebration named in their honor – the Sturgis Falls Celebration.

Because of the availability of water power, Cedar Falls developed as a milling and industrial center prior to the Civil War. The establishment of the Civil War Soldiers' Orphans Home in Cedar Falls changed the direction in which the city developed when, following the war, it became the first building on the campus of the Iowa State Normal School (now the University of Northern Iowa).

Geography
Cedar Falls is located at 42.52333°N, -92.44583°W (42.523520, −92.446402). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 29.61 sqmi, of which 28.75 sqmi is land and 0.86 sqmi is water.

Natural forest, prairie and wetland areas are found within the city limits at the Hartman Reserve Nature Center.

Demographics

Cedar Falls is part of the Waterloo-Cedar Falls metropolitan area.

2020 census
As of the census of 2020, there were 40,713 people, and 15,254 households. The population density was 1,401.8 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 91.2% White, 1.3% African American, 0.3% Native American, 4.5% Asian, and 2.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.7% of the population.

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 39,260 people, 14,608 households, and 8,091 families living in the city. The population density was 1365.6 PD/sqmi. There were 15,477 housing units at an average density of 538.3 /sqmi. The racial makeup of the city was 93.4% White, 2.1% African American, 0.2% Native American, 2.3% Asian, 0.5% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.0% of the population.

There were 14,608 households, of which 24.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 45.5% were married couples living together, 7.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.7% had a male householder with no wife present, and 44.6% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.37 and the average family size was 2.88.

The median age in the city was 26.8 years. 17.3% of residents were under the age of 18; 29.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.5% were from 25 to 44; 20.1% were from 45 to 64; and 12.4% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.1% male and 51.9% female.

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 36,145 people, 12,833 households, and 7,558 families living in the city. The population density was 1,277.2 /mi2. There were 13,271 housing units at an average density of 468.9 /mi2. The racial makeup of the city was 95.14% White, 1.57% Black or African American, 0.15% Native American, 1.61% Asian, 0.02% Pacific Islander, 0.41% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. 1.08% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 12,833 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.9% were married couples living together, 7.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41.1% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.45 and the average family size was 2.91.

Age spread: 18.0% under the age of 18, 30.6% from 18 to 24, 20.5% from 25 to 44, 19.0% from 45 to 64, and 11.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 26 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $70,226, and the median income for a family was $85,158. Males had a median income of $60,235 versus $50,312 for females. The per capita income for the city was $27,140. About 5.6% of families and 4.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18, and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture
In 1986, the City of Cedar Falls established the Cedar Falls Art and Culture Board, which oversees the operation of the city's Cultural Division and the James & Meryl Hearst Center for the Arts.

Library
The Cedar Falls Public Library is housed in the Adele Whitenach Davis building located at 524 Main Street. The 47,000 square foot (4,400 m2) structure, designed by Struxture Architects, replaced the Carniege-Dayton building in early 2004. As of the 2016 fiscal year, the library's holdings included approximately 8,000 audio materials, 12,000 video materials, and 104,000 books and periodicals for a grand total of approximately 124,000 items. Patrons made 245,000 visits which took advantage of circulation services, adult, teen, and youth programming. Circulation of library materials for fiscal year 2016 was 543,134. The library also provides public access to more than 30 public computers which provide internet access, office software suites, high resolution color printing, wi-fi, and various games. The library also offers digital loaning through Libby, Hoopla, and other platforms.

The mission of the Cedar Falls Public Library is to promote literacy and provide open access to resources which facilitate lifelong learning. The library is a member of the Cedar Valley Library Consortium. Cedar Falls Public Library shares an Integrated Library System (SirsiDynix Symphony) with the Waterloo Public Library. Library management is provided by Kelly Stern, Director of the Cedar Falls Public Library.

Historical Society
The Cedar Falls Historical Society has its offices in the Victorian Home and Carriage House Museum. It preserves Cedar Falls' history through its five museums, collection, archives, and public programs. Besides the Victorian House, the Society operates the Cedar Falls Ice House, Little Red Schoolhouse, and Behrens-Rapp Station.

Retail
The city's major shopping mall is College Square Mall, built in 1969.

Theatre
The Oster Regent Theatre in downtown Cedar Falls originally opened in 1910 as the Cotton Theatre. It is currently the home of the Cedar Falls Community Theatre which was founded in 1978. The company produces approximately seven to eight shows per season.

The Gallagher-Bluedorn Performing Arts Center on the University of Northern Iowa campus hosts many professionally touring Broadway plays and musicals throughout the year. The facility's Great Hall can seat 1,680 patrons.

Education
It hosts one of three public universities in Iowa, University of Northern Iowa (UNI).

Cedar Falls Community Schools, which covers most of the city limits, includes Cedar Falls High School, two junior high schools, seven elementary schools. Waterloo Community School District covers a small section of Cedar Falls. There is a private Christian school, Valley Lutheran High School. Additionally there is a private Catholic elementary school at St. Patrick Catholic Church, under the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Dubuque. A significant renovation occurred beginning in May 2014.

The Malcolm Price Lab School/Northern University High School, was a state-funded K–12 school run by the university. It closed in 2012 following cuts at UNI.

Utilities and internet access
The city owns its power, gas and water, and cable TV service. Because of this, Cedar Falls Utilities provides gigabit speeds to residents, this became available on January 14, 2015. Cedar Falls has the power to do so because, unlike 19 other states, Iowa does not prohibit municipal broadband from competing with the private cable TV monopoly. In 2020, Cedar Falls Utilities was recognized by PC Magazine as having the nation's fastest internet, by a factor of three.

Transportation
Cedar Falls has public transportation provided by the Metropolitan Transit Authority of Black Hawk County.

Media

 * FM radio
 * 88.1 KBBG
 * 88.9 KWVI
 * 89.5 KHKE
 * 90.9 KUNI (FM)
 * 92.3 KOEL-FM – Licensed to Oelwein with main studios in Waterloo
 * 93.5 KCVM
 * 94.5 KULT-LP
 * 97.7 KCRR – Licensed to Grundy Center with main studios in Waterloo
 * 98.5 KKHQ-FM
 * 99.3 KWAY-FM – Located in Waverly
 * 101.9 KNWS-FM
 * 105.1 KCFI
 * 105.7 KOKZ
 * 107.9 KFMW

 * AM radio
 * 600 WMT – Located in Cedar Rapids
 * 640 WOI – Located in Ames
 * 950 KOEL – Located in Oelwein
 * 1040 WHO – Located in Des Moines
 * 1090 KNWS
 * 1250 KCFI
 * 1330 KPTY
 * 1540 KXEL
 * 1650 KCNZ

 * Broadcast television
 * 2 KGAN (CBS, Fox on DT2) – located in Cedar Rapids
 * 7 KWWL (NBC, Heroes & Icons on DT2, MeTV on DT3) – located in Waterloo
 * 9 KCRG-TV (ABC, MyNetworkTV on DT2, The CW on DT3) – located in Cedar Rapids
 * 12 KIIN (PBS/Iowa PBS) – located in Iowa City
 * 20 KWKB (TCT, This TV on DT5) – located in Iowa City
 * 28 KFXA (Dabl) – located in Cedar Rapids
 * 32 KRIN (PBS/Iowa PBS) – located in Waterloo
 * 40 KFXB-TV (CTN) – located in Dubuque
 * 48 KPXR-TV (Ion) – located in Cedar Rapids

 * Print
 * The Courier, daily newspaper
 * The Cedar Falls Times, weekly newspaper
 * The Cedar Valley What Not, weekly advertiser

The underground music scene in the Cedar Falls area from 1977 to present-day is well documented. The Wartburg College Art Gallery in Waverly, Iowa hosted a collaborative history of the bands, record labels, and music venues involved in the Cedar Falls music scene which ran from March 17 to April 14, 2007. This effort has been continued as a wiki-style website called The Secret History of the Cedar Valley.
 * Music

Notable people

 * Actors
 * Annabeth Gish – actress
 * Gary Kroeger – actor, Saturday Night Live 1982–1985
 * Michael Mosley – actor, Scrubs
 * Mark Steines – co-host, Entertainment Tonight, alumnus of University of Northern Iowa
 * Joe Trotter — actor/comedian, Andersonville

 * Athletes
 * Trev Alberts – football player, 1993 Butkus Award (for best linebacker in NCAA Division I), All-American at Nebraska; a No. 1 draft choice of Indianapolis Colts, broadcaster, former director of athletics at University of Nebraska-Omaha 2009–2021, Vice Chancellor, and Director of Athletics at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2021–present.
 * Jack Campbell - NFL player, Linebacker for the Detroit Lions
 * Don Denkinger – Major League Baseball umpire, made controversial call in 1985 World Series
 * Travis Fulton – UFC fighter
 * A. J. Green – NBA player for the Milwaukee Bucks
 * David Johnson – running back for NFL's Arizona Cardinals, UNI alumnus
 * Bryce Paup – NFL player, UNI alumnus
 * Chad Rinehart – NFL player, Boone High School, UNI
 * Nick Ring – UFC fighter
 * Edgar Seymour – Olympic bobsledder
 * Terry Stotts – NBA player and coach
 * Dedric Ward – NFL wide receiver, UNI alumnus
 * Kurt Warner – NFL quarterback for St. Louis Rams, New York Giants and Arizona Cardinals, Super Bowl champion, UNI alumnus
 * Ross Pierschbacher – NFL player
 * Isaac Boettger – NFL player

 * Military
 * Robert Hibbs – Medal of Honor recipient

 * Musicians

 * Karen Holvik – classical soprano, currently on the faculty of the Eastman School of Music
 * Nilo Hovey – acclaimed instrumental music pedagogue, author of numerous instrument method books
 * House of Large Sizes – an alternative rock band
 * Bonnie Koloc – folk singer, songwriter and musician, born in Waterloo, Iowa, attended UNI
 * Spirit of the Stairway – Mathcore band
 * Bill Stewart – jazz drummer and composer, attended UNI
 * Tracie Spencer – singer
 * Bill Stewart – jazz drummer and composer, attended UNI
 * Tracie Spencer – singer

 * Politicians
 * Marv Diemer – Iowa state legislator
 * Charles Grassley – U.S. Senator, attended UNI
 * Gil Gutknecht – former Minnesota congressman
 * Roger Jepsen – former U.S. Senator

 * Scientists
 * Gerald Guralnik – physicist, co-discoverer of the "Higgs Mechanism"

 * Writers
 * Bess Streeter Aldrich (1881–1954) – novelist
 * R.V. Cassill – novelist and short story writer
 * James Hearst – poet, farmer, professor of creative writing at UNI between 1941 and 1975
 * Helen Markley Miller (1896 – 1984), writer of historical and biographical fiction for children about the Western United States.
 * Ruth Suckow Nuhn (1892–1960) – author of short stories and novels (including Country People, The Folks, New Hope)
 * Ferner Nuhn (1903–1989) – literary critic, author of articles and essays, artist, Quaker activist
 * Nancy Price – author of Sleeping with the Enemy
 * Leland Sage – professor at UNI and historian
 * Robert James Waller – author of The Bridges of Madison County, attended UNI

 * Other
 * Marc Andreessen – co-founder, Netscape Corporation, Andreessen Horowitz
 * Raja Chari – astronaut
 * Adelia M. Hoyt (1865–1966) – Braille librarian, Library of Congress
 * John H. Livingston – aviator and air racer
 * Randy & Vicki Weaver – parents, John Deere Employee, Ruby Ridge incident
 * Tim Dodd – popular STEM communicator and YouTube Creator known as the "Everyday Astronaut"

Sister cities
Cedar Falls' sister cities are:

 * Ferizaj, Kosovo (2023)

title: Cedar Falls, Iowa