text:
August 17

Pre-1600

 * 310 – Pope Eusebius dies, possibly from a hunger strike, shortly after being banished by the Emperor Maxentius to Sicily.
 * 682 – Pope Leo II begins his pontificate.
 * 986 – Byzantine–Bulgarian wars: Battle of the Gates of Trajan: The Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Samuel and Aron defeat the Byzantine forces at the Gate of Trajan, with Byzantine Emperor Basil II barely escaping.
 * 1186 – Georgenberg Pact: Ottokar IV, Duke of Styria and Leopold V, Duke of Austria sign a heritage agreement in which Ottokar gives his duchy to Leopold and to his son Frederick under the stipulation that Austria and Styria would henceforth remain undivided.
 * 1386 – Karl Topia, the ruler of Princedom of Albania forges an alliance with the Republic of Venice, committing to participate in all wars of the Republic and receiving coastal protection against the Ottomans in return.
 * 1424 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Verneuil: An English force under John, Duke of Bedford defeats a larger French army under Jean II, Duke of Alençon, John Stewart, and Earl Archibald of Douglas.
 * 1488 – Konrad Bitz, the Bishop of Turku, marks the date of his preface to Missale Aboense, the oldest known book of Finland.
 * 1498 – Cesare Borgia, son of Pope Alexander VI, becomes the first person in history to resign the cardinalate; later that same day, King Louis XII of France names him Duke of Valentinois.
 * 1549 – Battle of Sampford Courtenay: The Prayer Book Rebellion is quashed in England.
 * 1560 – The Catholic Church is overthrown and Protestantism is established as the national religion in Scotland.
 * 1585 – Eighty Years' War: Siege of Antwerp: Antwerp is captured by Spanish forces under Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma, who orders Protestants to leave the city and as a result over half of the 100,000 inhabitants flee to the northern provinces.
 * 1585  – A first group of colonists sent by Sir Walter Raleigh under the charge of Ralph Lane lands in the New World to create Roanoke Colony on Roanoke Island, off the coast of present-day North Carolina.
 * 1597 – Islands Voyage: Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex, and Sir Walter Raleigh set sail on an expedition to the Azores.

1601–1900

 * 1668 – The magnitude 8.0 North Anatolia earthquake causes 8,000 deaths in northern Anatolia, Ottoman Empire.
 * 1717 – Austro-Turkish War of 1716–18: The month-long Siege of Belgrade ends with Prince Eugene of Savoy's Austrian troops capturing the city from the Ottoman Empire.
 * 1723 – Ioan Giurgiu Patachi becomes Bishop of Făgăraș and is festively installed in his position at the St. Nicolas Cathedral in Făgăraș, after being formally confirmed earlier by Pope Clement XI.
 * 1740 – Pope Benedict XIV, previously known as Prospero Lambertini, succeeds Clement XII as the 247th Pope.
 * 1784 – Classical composer Luigi Boccherini receives a pay rise of 12,000 reals from his employer, the Infante Luis, Count of Chinchón.
 * 1798 – The Vietnamese Catholics report a Marian apparition in Quảng Trị, an event which is called Our Lady of La Vang.
 * 1807 – Robert Fulton's North River Steamboat leaves New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
 * 1808 – The Finnish War: The Battle of Alavus is fought.
 * 1827 – Dutch King William I and Pope Leo XII sign concord.
 * 1836 – British parliament accepts registration of births, marriages and deaths.
 * 1862 – American Indian Wars: The Dakota War of 1862 begins in Minnesota as Dakota warriors attack white settlements along the Minnesota River.
 * 1862  – American Civil War: Major General J. E. B. Stuart is assigned command of all the cavalry of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia.
 * 1863 – American Civil War: In Charleston, South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard Confederate-held Fort Sumter.
 * 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Gainesville: Confederate forces defeat Union troops near Gainesville, Florida.
 * 1866 – The Grand Duchy of Baden announces its withdrawal from the German Confederation and signs a treaty of peace and alliance with Prussia.
 * 1876 – Richard Wagner's Götterdämmerung, the last opera in his Ring cycle, premieres at the Bayreuth Festspielhaus.
 * 1883 – The first public performance of the Dominican Republic's national anthem, Himno Nacional.
 * 1896 – Bridget Driscoll became the first recorded case of a pedestrian killed in a collision with a motor car in the United Kingdom.

1901–present

 * 1914 – World War I: Battle of Stallupönen: The German army of General Hermann von François defeats the Russian force commanded by Paul von Rennenkampf near modern-day Nesterov, Russia.
 * 1915 – Jewish American Leo Frank is lynched in Marietta, Georgia, USA after his death sentence is commuted by Governor John Slaton.
 * 1915  – A Category 4 hurricane hits Galveston, Texas with winds at 135 mph.
 * 1916 – World War I: Romania signs a secret treaty with the Entente Powers. According to the treaty, Romania agreed to join the war on the Allied side.
 * 1918 – Bolshevik revolutionary leader Moisei Uritsky is assassinated.
 * 1942 – World War II: U.S. Marines raid the Japanese-held Pacific island of Makin.
 * 1943 – World War II: The U.S. Eighth Air Force suffers the loss of 60 bombers on the Schweinfurt–Regensburg mission.
 * 1943  – World War II: The U.S. Seventh Army under General George S. Patton arrives in Messina, Italy, followed several hours later by the British 8th Army under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery, thus completing the Allied conquest of Sicily.
 * 1943  – World War II: First Québec Conference of Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and William Lyon Mackenzie King begins.
 * 1943  – World War II: The Royal Air Force begins Operation Hydra, the first air raid of the Operation Crossbow strategic bombing campaign against Germany's V-weapon program.
 * 1945 – Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta proclaim the independence of Indonesia, igniting the Indonesian National Revolution against the Dutch Empire.
 * 1945  – The novella Animal Farm by George Orwell is first published.
 * 1945  – Evacuation of Manchukuo: At Talitzou by the Sino-Korean border, Puyi, then the Kangde Emperor of Manchukuo, formally renounces the imperial throne, dissolves the state, and cedes its territory to the Republic of China.
 * 1947 – The Radcliffe Line, the border between the Dominions of India and Pakistan, is revealed.
 * 1949 – The 6.7 Karlıova earthquake shakes eastern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), leaving 320–450 dead.
 * 1949 – Matsukawa derailment: Unknown saboteurs cause a passenger train to derail and overturn in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, killing three crew members and igniting a political firestorm between the Japanese Communist Party and the government of Occupied Japan that will eventually lead to the Japanese Red Purge.
 * 1953 – First meeting of Narcotics Anonymous takes place, in Southern California.
 * 1955 – Hurricane Diane made landfall near Wilmington, North Carolina, and it went on to cause major floods and kill more than 184 people.
 * 1958 – Pioneer 0, America's first attempt at lunar orbit, is launched using the first Thor-Able rocket and fails. Notable as one of the first attempted launches beyond Earth orbit by any country.
 * 1959 – Quake Lake is formed by the magnitude 7.2 1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake near Hebgen Lake in Montana.
 * 1960 – Aeroflot Flight 036 crashes in Soviet Ukraine, killing 34.
 * 1962 – Peter Fechter is shot and bleeds to death while trying to cross the new Berlin Wall.
 * 1969 – Category 5 Hurricane Camille hits the U.S. Gulf Coast, killing 256 and causing $1.42 billion in damage.
 * 1970 – Soviet Union Venera program: Venera 7 launched. It will become the first spacecraft to successfully transmit data from the surface of another planet (Venus).
 * 1976 – A magnitude 7.9 earthquake hits off the coast of Mindanao, Philippines, triggering a destructive tsunami, killing between 5,000-8,000 people and leaving more than 90,000 homeless.
 * 1977 – The Soviet icebreaker Arktika becomes the first surface ship to reach the North Pole.
 * 1978 – Double Eagle II becomes first balloon to cross the Atlantic Ocean when it lands in Miserey, France near Paris, 137 hours after leaving Presque Isle, Maine.
 * 1985 – The 1985–86 Hormel strike begins in Austin, Minnesota.
 * 1988 – President of Pakistan Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq and U.S. Ambassador Arnold Raphel are killed in a plane crash.
 * 1991 – Strathfield massacre: In Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, taxi driver Wade Frankum shoots seven people and injures six others before turning the gun on himself.
 * 1998 – Lewinsky scandal: US President Bill Clinton admits in taped testimony that he had an "improper physical relationship" with White House intern Monica Lewinsky; later that same day he admits before the nation that he "misled people" about the relationship.
 * 1999 – The 7.6 İzmit earthquake shakes northwestern Turkey with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), leaving 17,118–17,127 dead and 43,953–50,000 injured.
 * 2004 – The National Assembly of Serbia unanimously adopts new state symbols for Serbia: Bože pravde becomes the new anthem and the coat of arms is adopted for the whole country.
 * 2005 – The first forced evacuation of settlers, as part of Israeli disengagement from Gaza, starts.
 * 2005  – Over 500 bombs are set off by terrorists at 300 locations in 63 out of the 64 districts of Bangladesh.
 * 2008 – American swimmer Michael Phelps becomes the first person to win eight gold medals at one Olympic Games.
 * 2009 – An accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam in Khakassia, Russia, kills 75 and shuts down the hydroelectric power station, leading to widespread power failure in the local area.
 * 2015 – A bomb explodes near the Erawan Shrine in Bangkok, Thailand, killing at least 19 people and injuring 123 others.
 * 2017 – Barcelona attacks: A van is driven into pedestrians in La Rambla, killing 14 and injuring at least 100.
 * 2019 – A bomb explodes at a wedding in Kabul killing 63 people and leaving 182 injured.

Pre-1600

 * 1153 – William IX, Count of Poitiers (d. 1156)
 * 1465 – Philibert I, Duke of Savoy (d. 1482)
 * 1473 – Richard of Shrewsbury, Duke of York (d. 1483)
 * 1501 – Philipp II, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (d. 1529)
 * 1556 – Alexander Briant, English martyr and saint (d. 1581)
 * 1578 – Francesco Albani, Italian painter (d. 1660)
 * 1578  – Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, first prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (d. 1638)
 * 1582 – John Matthew Rispoli, Maltese philosopher (d. 1639)
 * 1586 – Johann Valentin Andrea, German theologian (d. 1654)

1601–1900

 * 1603 – Lennart Torstensson, Swedish Field Marshal, Privy Councillour and Governor-General (d. 1651)
 * 1629 – John III Sobieski, Polish–Lithuanian king (d. 1696)
 * 1686 – Nicola Porpora, Italian composer and educator (d. 1768)
 * 1753 – Josef Dobrovský, Bohemian philologist and historian (d. 1828)
 * 1768 – Louis Desaix, French general (d. 1800)
 * 1786 – Davy Crockett, American soldier and politician (d. 1836)
 * 1786  – Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (d. 1861)
 * 1801 – Fredrika Bremer, Swedish writer and feminist (d. 1865)
 * 1828 – Jules Bernard Luys, French neurologist and physician (d. 1897)
 * 1840 – Wilfrid Scawen Blunt, English poet and activist (d. 1922)
 * 1845 – Henry Cadwalader Chapman, American physician and naturalist (d. 1909)
 * 1849 – William Kidston, Scottish-Australian politician, 17th Premier of Queensland (d. 1919)
 * 1863 – Gene Stratton-Porter, American author and photographer (d. 1924)
 * 1865 – Julia Marlowe, English-American actress (d. 1950)
 * 1866 – Mahbub Ali Khan, Asaf Jah VI, Indian 6th Nizam of Hyderabad (d. 1911)
 * 1873 – John A. Sampson, American gynecologist and academic (d. 1946)
 * 1877 – Ralph McKittrick, American golfer and tennis player (d. 1923)
 * 1878 – Reggie Duff, Australian cricketer (d. 1911)
 * 1880 – Percy Sherwell, South African cricketer and tennis player (d. 1948)
 * 1887 – Charles I of Austria (d. 1922)
 * 1887  – Marcus Garvey, Jamaican journalist and activist, founded Black Star Line (d. 1940)
 * 1888 – Monty Woolley, American actor, raconteur, and pundit (d. 1963)
 * 1889 – Lalla Carlsen, Norwegian singer and actress (d. 1967)
 * 1890 – Stefan Bastyr, Polish soldier and pilot (d. 1920)
 * 1890  – Harry Hopkins, American politician and diplomat, 8th United States Secretary of Commerce (d. 1946)
 * 1893 – John Brahm, German-American director and production manager (d. 1982)
 * 1893  – Mae West, American stage and film actress (d. 1980)
 * 1894 – William Rootes, 1st Baron Rootes, English businessman, founded Rootes Group (d. 1964)
 * 1896 – Leslie Groves, American general and engineer (d. 1970)
 * 1896  – Tõnis Kint, Estonian lieutenant and politician, Prime Minister of Estonia in exile (d. 1991)
 * 1896  – Oliver Waterman Larkin, American historian and author (d. 1970)
 * 1899 – Janet Lewis, American poet and novelist (d. 1998)
 * 1900 – Vivienne de Watteville, British travel writer and adventurer (d. 1957)
 * 1900  – Pauline A. Young, American teacher, historian, aviator and activist (d. 1991)

1901–present

 * 1904 – Mary Cain, American journalist and politician (d. 1984)
 * 1904  – Leopold Nowak, Austrian composer and musicologist (d. 1991)
 * 1909 – Larry Clinton, American trumpet player and bandleader (d. 1985)
 * 1909  – Wilf Copping, English footballer (d. 1980)
 * 1911 – Mikhail Botvinnik, Russian chess player and engineer (d. 1995)
 * 1911  – Martin Sandberger, German colonel and lawyer (d. 2010)
 * 1913 – Mark Felt (aka 'Deep Throat'), American lawyer and agent, 2nd Deputy Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (d. 2008)
 * 1913  – Oscar Alfredo Gálvez, Argentinian race car driver (d. 1989)
 * 1913  – Rudy York, American baseball player and manager (d. 1970)
 * 1914 – Bill Downs, American journalist (d. 1978)
 * 1914  – Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., American lawyer and politician (d. 1988)
 * 1916 – Moses Majekodunmi, Nigerian physician and politician (d. 2012)
 * 1918 – Evelyn Ankers, British-American actress (d. 1985)
 * 1918  – Ike Quebec, American saxophonist and pianist (d. 1963)
 * 1918  – Michael John Wise, English geographer and academic (d. 2015)
 * 1919 – Georgia Gibbs, American singer (d. 2006)
 * 1920 – Maureen O'Hara, Irish-American actress and singer (d. 2015)
 * 1920  – Lida Moser, American photographer and author (d. 2014)
 * 1921 – Geoffrey Elton, German-English historian and academic (d. 1994)
 * 1922 – Roy Tattersall, English cricketer (d. 2011)
 * 1923 – Carlos Cruz-Diez, Venezuelan artist (d. 2019)
 * 1923  – Larry Rivers, American painter and sculptor (d. 2002)
 * 1924 – Evan S. Connell, American novelist, poet, and short story writer (d. 2013)
 * 1926 – Valerie Eliot, English businesswoman (d. 2012)
 * 1926  – Jiang Zemin, Chinese engineer and politician, former General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (paramount leader) and 5th President of China (d. 2022)
 * 1927 – Sam Butera, American saxophonist and bandleader (d. 2009)
 * 1927  – F. Ray Keyser Jr., American lawyer and politician, Governor of Vermont (d. 2015)
 * 1928 – T. J. Anderson, American composer, conductor, and educator
 * 1928  – Willem Duys, Dutch tennis player, sportscaster, and producer (d. 2011)
 * 1929 – Francis Gary Powers, American captain and pilot (d. 1977)
 * 1930 – Harve Bennett, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2015)
 * 1930  – Ted Hughes, English poet and playwright (d. 1998)
 * 1931 – Tony Wrigley, English historian, demographer, and academic (d. 2022)
 * 1932 – V. S. Naipaul, Trinidadian-English novelist and essayist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2018)
 * 1932  – Duke Pearson, American pianist and composer (d. 1980)
 * 1932  – Jean-Jacques Sempé, French cartoonist (d. 2022)
 * 1933 – Mark Dinning, American pop singer (d. 1986)
 * 1934 – João Donato, Brazilian pianist and composer (d. 2023)
 * 1934  – Ron Henry, English footballer (d. 2014)
 * 1936 – Seamus Mallon, Irish educator and politician, Deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland (d. 2020)
 * 1936  – Margaret Heafield Hamilton, American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner
 * 1938 – Theodoros Pangalos, Greek lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2023)
 * 1939 – Luther Allison, American blues guitarist and singer (d. 1997)
 * 1940 – Eduardo Mignogna, Argentinian director and screenwriter (d. 2006)
 * 1940  – Barry Sheerman, English academic and politician
 * 1941 – Lothar Bisky, German businessman and politician (d. 2013)
 * 1941  – Jean Pierre Lefebvre, Canadian director and screenwriter
 * 1941  – Boog Powell, American baseball player
 * 1942 – Shane Porteous, Australian actor, animator, and screenwriter
 * 1943 – Edward Cowie, English composer, painter, and author
 * 1943  – Robert De Niro, American actor, entrepreneur, director, and producer
 * 1943  – John Humphrys, Welsh journalist and author
 * 1943  – Dave "Snaker" Ray, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2002)
 * 1944 – Larry Ellison, American businessman, co-founded the Oracle Corporation
 * 1944  – Jean-Bernard Pommier, French pianist and conductor
 * 1945 – Rachel Pollack, American author, poet, and educator (d. 2023)
 * 1946 – Hugh Baiocchi, South African golfer
 * 1946  – Martha Coolidge, American director, producer, and screenwriter
 * 1946  – Patrick Manning, Trinidadian-Tobagonian politician, 4th Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago (d. 2016)
 * 1947 – Mohamed Abdelaziz, President of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (d. 2016)
 * 1947  – Gary Talley, American guitarist, singer-songwriter, and author
 * 1948 – Alexander Ivashkin, Russian-English cellist and conductor (d. 2014)
 * 1949 – Norm Coleman, American lawyer and politician, 52nd Mayor of St. Paul
 * 1949  – Sue Draheim, American fiddler and composer (d. 2013)
 * 1949  – Julian Fellowes, English actor, director, screenwriter, and politician
 * 1949  – Sib Hashian, American rock drummer (d. 2017)
 * 1951 – Richard Hunt, American Muppet performer (d. 1992)
 * 1951  – Robert Joy, Canadian actor
 * 1952 – Aleksandr Maksimenkov, Russian footballer and coach (d. 2012)
 * 1952  – Nelson Piquet, Brazilian race car driver and businessman
 * 1952  – Mario Theissen, German engineer and businessman
 * 1952  – Guillermo Vilas, Argentinian tennis player
 * 1953 – Mick Malthouse, Australian footballer and coach
 * 1953  – Herta Müller, Romanian-German poet and author, Nobel Prize laureate
 * 1953  – Korrie Layun Rampan, Indonesian author, poet, and critic (d. 2015)
 * 1953  – Kevin Rowland, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1954 – Eric Johnson, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
 * 1954  – Andrés Pastrana Arango, Colombian lawyer and politician, 38th President of Colombia
 * 1955 – Colin Moulding, English singer-songwriter and bassist
 * 1956 – Gail Berman, American businessman, co-founded BermanBraun
 * 1956  – Álvaro Pino, Spanish cyclist
 * 1957 – Ken Kwapis, American director and screenwriter
 * 1957  – Laurence Overmire, American poet, author, and actor
 * 1957  – Robin Cousins, British competitive figure skater
 * 1958 – Belinda Carlisle, American singer-songwriter
 * 1958  – Fred Goodwin, Scottish banker and accountant
 * 1958  – Maurizio Sandro Sala, Brazilian race car driver
 * 1959 – Jonathan Franzen, American novelist and essayist
 * 1959  – Jacek Kazimierski, Polish footballer
 * 1959  – Eric Schlosser, American journalist and author
 * 1959  – David Koresh, American cult leader (d. 1993)
 * 1960 – Stephan Eicher, Swiss singer-songwriter
 * 1960  – Sean Penn, American actor, director, and political activist
 * 1962 – Gilby Clarke, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
 * 1962  – Dan Dakich, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster
 * 1963 – Jon Gruden, American football player, coach, and sportscaster
 * 1963  – Jackie Walorski, American politician (d. 2022)
 * 1964 – Colin James, Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
 * 1964  – Maria McKee, American singer-songwriter
 * 1964  – Dave Penney, English footballer and manager
 * 1965 – Steve Gorman, American drummer
 * 1965  – Dottie Pepper, American golfer
 * 1966 – Jüri Luik, Estonian politician and diplomat, 18th Estonian Minister of Defense
 * 1966  – Rodney Mullen, American skateboarder and stuntman
 * 1966  – Don Sweeney, Canadian ice hockey player and manager
 * 1967 – David Conrad, American actor
 * 1967  – Michael Preetz, German footballer and manager
 * 1968 – Andriy Kuzmenko, Ukrainian singer-songwriter (d. 2015)
 * 1968  – Ed McCaffrey, American football player and sportscaster
 * 1968  – Helen McCrory, English actress (d. 2021)
 * 1969 – Christian Laettner, American basketball player and coach
 * 1969  – Kelvin Mercer, American rapper, songwriter and producer
 * 1969  – Donnie Wahlberg, American singer-songwriter, actor and producer
 * 1970 – Jim Courier, American tennis player and sportscaster
 * 1970  – Andrus Kivirähk, Estonian author
 * 1970  – Øyvind Leonhardsen, Norwegian footballer and coach
 * 1971 – Uhm Jung-hwa, South Korean singer and actress
 * 1971  – Jorge Posada, Puerto Rican-American baseball player
 * 1971  – Shaun Rehn, Australian footballer and coach
 * 1972 – Habibul Bashar, Bangladeshi cricketer
 * 1974 – Giuliana Rancic, Italian-American journalist and television personality
 * 1974  – Johannes Maria Staud, Austrian composer
 * 1976 – Eric Boulton, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 1976  – Geertjan Lassche, Dutch journalist and director
 * 1976  – Serhiy Zakarlyuka, Ukrainian footballer and manager (d. 2014)
 * 1977 – Nathan Deakes, Australian race walker
 * 1977  – William Gallas, French footballer
 * 1977  – Thierry Henry, French footballer
 * 1977  – Mike Lewis, Welsh guitarist
 * 1977  – Tarja Turunen, Finnish singer-songwriter and producer
 * 1979 – Antwaan Randle El, American football player and journalist
 * 1980 – Keith Dabengwa, Zimbabwean cricketer
 * 1980  – Daniel Güiza, Spanish footballer
 * 1980  – Jan Kromkamp, Dutch footballer
 * 1980  – Lene Marlin, Norwegian singer-songwriter
 * 1982 – Phil Jagielka, English footballer
 * 1982  – Cheerleader Melissa, American wrestler and manager
 * 1982  – Mark Salling, American actor and musician (d. 2018)
 * 1983 – Dustin Pedroia, American baseball player
 * 1984 – Dee Brown, American basketball player
 * 1984  – Oksana Domnina, Russian ice dancer
 * 1984  – Liam Heath, British sprint canoeist
 * 1984  – Garrett Wolfe, American football player
 * 1985 – Yū Aoi, Japanese actress and model
 * 1986 – Rudy Gay, American basketball player
 * 1986  – Tyrus Thomas, American basketball player
 * 1988 – Brady Corbet, American actor and director
 * 1988  – Jihadi John, Kuwaiti-British member of ISIS (d. 2015)
 * 1988  – Natalie Sandtorv, Norwegian singer-songwriter
 * 1988  – Erika Toda, Japanese actress
 * 1989 – Lil B, American rapper
 * 1989  – Rachel Corsie, Scottish footballer
 * 1990 – Rachel Hurd-Wood, English actress
 * 1991 – Austin Butler, American actor
 * 1992 – Saraya Bevis, English wrestler
 * 1992  – Alex Elisala, New Zealand-Australian rugby player (d. 2013)
 * 1992  – Chanel Mata'utia, Australian rugby league player
 * 1992  – Maru Teferi, Israeli marathon runner
 * 1993 – Ederson Moraes, Brazilian footballer
 * 1993  – Sarah Sjöström, Swedish swimmer
 * 1993  – Xie Zhenye, Chinese athlete
 * 1994 – Phoebe Bridgers, American singer/songwriter
 * 1994  – Jack Conklin, American football player
 * 1994  – Taissa Farmiga, American actress
 * 1995 – Gracie Gold, American figure skater
 * 1995  – Dallin Watene-Zelezniak, New Zealand rugby league player
 * 1996 – Jake Virtanen, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 2000 – Lil Pump, American rapper and songwriter
 * 2003 – Nastasja Schunk, German tennis player
 * 2003  – The Kid Laroi, Australian rapper and songwriter

Pre-1600

 * 754 – Carloman, mayor of the palace of Austrasia
 * 949 – Li Shouzhen, Chinese general and governor
 * 1153 – Eustace IV, Count of Boulogne (b. 1130)
 * 1304 – Emperor Go-Fukakusa of Japan (b. 1243)
 * 1324 – Irene of Brunswick (b. 1293)
 * 1338 – Nitta Yoshisada, Japanese samurai (b. 1301)
 * 1424 – John Stewart, Earl of Buchan (b. c. 1381)
 * 1510 – Edmund Dudley, English politician, Speaker of the House of Commons (b. 1462)
 * 1510  – Richard Empson, English statesman
 * 1547 – Katharina von Zimmern, Swiss sovereign abbess (b. 1478)

1601–1900

 * 1673 – Regnier de Graaf, Dutch physician and anatomist (b. 1641)
 * 1676 – Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen, German author (b. 1621)
 * 1720 – Anne Dacier, French scholar and translator (b. 1654)
 * 1723 – Joseph Bingham, English scholar and academic (b. 1668)
 * 1768 – Vasily Trediakovsky, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1703)
 * 1785 – Jonathan Trumbull, English-American merchant and politician, 16th Governor of Connecticut (b. 1710)
 * 1786 – Frederick the Great, Prussian king (b. 1712)
 * 1809 – Matthew Boulton, English businessman and engineer, co-founded Boulton and Watt (b. 1728)
 * 1814 – John Johnson, English architect and surveyor (b. 1732)
 * 1834 – Husein Gradaščević, Ottoman general (b. 1802)
 * 1838 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, Italian playwright and poet (b. 1749)
 * 1850 – José de San Martín, Argentinian general and politician, 1st President of Peru (b. 1778)
 * 1861 – Alcée Louis la Branche, American politician and diplomat, 1st United States Ambassador to Texas (b. 1806)
 * 1870 – Perucho Figueredo, Cuban poet and activist (b. 1818)
 * 1875 – Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist and anthropologist (b. 1827)
 * 1897 – William Jervois, English engineer and diplomat, 10th Governor of South Australia (b. 1821)

1901–present

 * 1901 – Edmond Audran, French organist and composer (b. 1842)
 * 1903 – Hans Gude, Norwegian-German painter and academic (b. 1825)
 * 1908 – Radoje Domanović, Serbian satirist and journalist (b. 1873)
 * 1909 – Madan Lal Dhingra, Indian activist (b. 1883)
 * 1918 – Moisei Uritsky, Russian activist and politician (b. 1873)
 * 1920 – Ray Chapman, American baseball player (b. 1891)
 * 1924 – Tom Kendall, English-Australian cricketer and journalist (b. 1851)
 * 1925 – Ioan Slavici, Romanian journalist and author (b. 1848)
 * 1935 – Adam Gunn, American decathlete (b. 1872)
 * 1935  – Charlotte Perkins Gilman, American sociologist and author (b. 1860)
 * 1936 – José María of Manila, Spanish-Filipino priest and martyr (b. 1880)
 * 1940 – Billy Fiske, American soldier and pilot (b. 1911)
 * 1945 – Reidar Haaland, Norwegian police officer and soldier (b. 1919)
 * 1949 – Gregorio Perfecto, Filipino journalist, jurist, and politician (b. 1891)
 * 1958 – Arthur Fox, English-American fencer (b. 1878)
 * 1966 – Ken Miles, English race car driver and engineer (b. 1918)
 * 1969 – Otto Stern, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)
 * 1970 – Rattana Pestonji, Thai director and producer (b. 1908)
 * 1971 – Maedayama Eigorō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 39th Yokozuna (b. 1914)
 * 1971  – Wilhelm List, German field marshal (b. 1880)
 * 1973 – Conrad Aiken, American novelist, short story writer, critic, and poet (b. 1889)
 * 1973  – Jean Barraqué, French pianist and composer (b. 1928)
 * 1973  – Paul Williams, American singer and choreographer (b. 1939)
 * 1977 – Delmer Daves, American screenwriter, director and producer (b. 1904)
 * 1979 – John C. Allen, American roller coaster designer (b. 1907)
 * 1979  – Vivian Vance, American actress and singer (b. 1909)
 * 1983 – Ira Gershwin, American songwriter (b. 1896)
 * 1987 – Gary Chester, Italian drummer and educator (b. 1924)
 * 1987  – Rudolf Hess, German soldier and politician (b. 1894)
 * 1987  – Shaike Ophir, Israeli actor and screenwriter (b. 1929)
 * 1988 – Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Pakistani general and politician, 6th President of Pakistan (b. 1924)
 * 1988  – Franklin Delano Roosevelt Jr., American lawyer and politician (b. 1914)
 * 1988  – Victoria Shaw, Australian-American actress (b. 1935)
 * 1990 – Pearl Bailey, American actress and singer (b. 1918)
 * 1993 – Feng Kang, Chinese mathematician and academic (b. 1920)
 * 1994 – Luigi Chinetti, Italian-American race car driver and businessman (b. 1901)
 * 1994  – Jack Sharkey, American boxer and referee (b. 1902)
 * 1995 – Howard E. Koch, American playwright and screenwriter (b. 1902)
 * 1995  – Ted Whitten, Australian footballer and coach (b. 1933)
 * 1998 – Władysław Komar, Polish shot putter and actor (b. 1940)
 * 1998  – Tadeusz Ślusarski, Polish pole vaulter (b. 1950)
 * 2000 – Jack Walker, English businessman (b. 1929)
 * 2004 – Thea Astley, Australian author and educator (b. 1925)
 * 2005 – John N. Bahcall, American astrophysicist and academic (b. 1934)
 * 2006 – Shamsur Rahman, Bangladeshi poet and journalist (b. 1929)
 * 2007 – Bill Deedes, English journalist and politician (b. 1913)
 * 2007  – Eddie Griffin, American basketball player (b. 1982)
 * 2008 – Franco Sensi, Italian businessman and politician (b. 1926)
 * 2010 – Francesco Cossiga, Italian lawyer and politician, 8th President of Italy (b. 1928)
 * 2012 – Aase Bjerkholt, Norwegian politician, Minister of Children, Equality and Social Inclusion (b. 1915)
 * 2012  – Victor Poor, American engineer, developed the Datapoint 2200 (b. 1933)
 * 2012  – Patrick Ricard, French businessman (b. 1945)
 * 2012  – John Lynch-Staunton, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1930)
 * 2013 – Odilia Dank, American educator and politician (b. 1938)
 * 2013  – Jack Harshman, American baseball player (b. 1927)
 * 2013  – John Hollander, American poet and critic (b. 1929)
 * 2013  – David Landes, Jewish-American historian and economist (b. 1924)
 * 2013  – Frank Martínez, American painter (b. 1924)
 * 2013  – Gus Winckel, Dutch lieutenant and pilot (b. 1912)
 * 2014 – Børre Knudsen, Norwegian minister and activist (b. 1937)
 * 2014  – Wolfgang Leonhard, German historian and author (b. 1921)
 * 2014  – Sophie Masloff, American civil servant and politician, 56th Mayor of Pittsburgh (b. 1917)
 * 2014  – Miodrag Pavlović, Serbian poet and critic (b. 1928)
 * 2014  – Pierre Vassiliu, French singer-songwriter (b. 1937)
 * 2015 – Yvonne Craig, American ballet dancer and actress (b. 1937)
 * 2015  – Gerhard Mayer-Vorfelder, German businessman (b. 1933)
 * 2015  – László Paskai, Hungarian cardinal (b. 1927)
 * 2016 – Arthur Hiller, Canadian actor, director, and producer (b. 1923)

Holidays and observances

 * Christian feast day:
 * Saint Beatrice of Silva
 * Saint Clare of Montefalco
 * Saint Hyacinth of Poland
 * Saint Jeanne Delanoue
 * Saint Mammes of Caesarea
 * Samuel Johnson, Timothy Cutler, and Thomas Bradbury Chandler (Episcopal Church)
 * August 17 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
 * Engineer's Day (Colombia)
 * Independence Day, celebrates the independence proclamation of Indonesia from Japan in 1945.

title: August 17


text:
August 12

Pre-1600

 * 1099 – First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid forces led by Al-Afdal Shahanshah. This is considered the last engagement of the First Crusade.
 * 1121 – Battle of Didgori: The Georgian army under King David IV wins a decisive victory over the famous Seljuk commander Ilghazi.
 * 1164 – Battle of Harim: Nur ad-Din Zangi defeats the Crusader armies of the County of Tripoli and the Principality of Antioch.
 * 1323 – The Treaty of Nöteborg between Sweden and Novgorod Republic is signed, regulating the border between the two countries for the first time.
 * 1492 – Christopher Columbus arrives in the Canary Islands on his first voyage to the New World.
 * 1499 – First engagement of the Battle of Zonchio between Venetian and Ottoman fleets.

1601–1900

 * 1624 – Charles de La Vieuville is arrested and replaced by Cardinal Richelieu as the French king's chief advisor.
 * 1676 – Praying Indian John Alderman shoots and kills Metacomet, the Wampanoag war chief, ending King Philip's War.
 * 1687 – Battle of Mohács: Charles of Lorraine defeats the Ottoman Empire.
 * 1765 – Treaty of Allahabad is signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of Company rule in India.
 * 1788 – The Anjala conspiracy is signed.
 * 1793 – The Rhône and Loire départments are created when the former département of Rhône-et-Loire is split into two.
 * 1806 – Santiago de Liniers, 1st Count of Buenos Aires re-takes the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina after the first British invasion.
 * 1831 – French intervention forces William I of the Netherlands to abandon his attempt to suppress the Belgian Revolution.
 * 1851 – Isaac Singer is granted a patent for his sewing machine.
 * 1865 – Joseph Lister, British surgeon and scientist, performs the first antiseptic surgery.
 * 1883 – The last quagga dies at the Natura Artis Magistra, a zoo in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
 * 1898 – The Hawaiian flag is lowered from ʻIolani Palace in an elaborate annexation ceremony and replaced with the flag of the United States to signify the transfer of sovereignty from the Republic of Hawaii to the United States where it is formally recognized as Hawaii.

1901–present

 * 1914 – World War I: The United Kingdom and the British Empire declare war on Austria-Hungary.
 * 1914  – World War I: The Battle of Halen a.k.a. Battle of the Silver Helmets a clash between large Belgian and German cavalry formations at Halen, Belgium.
 * 1944 – Waffen-SS troops massacre 560 people in Sant'Anna di Stazzema.
 * 1944  – Nazi German troops end the week-long Wola massacre, during which time at least 40,000 people are killed indiscriminately or in mass executions.
 * 1944  – Alençon is liberated by General Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, the first city in France to be liberated from the Nazis by French forces.
 * 1948 – Between 15 and 150 unarmed members of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement are killed by Pakistani police.
 * 1950 – Korean War: Bloody Gulch massacre: Seventy-five American POWs are massacred by the North Korean Army.
 * 1952 – The Night of the Murdered Poets: Thirteen prominent Jewish intellectuals are murdered in Moscow, Russia, Soviet Union.
 * 1953 – First thermonuclear bomb test: The Soviet atomic bomb project continues with the detonation of "RDS-6s" (Joe 4) using a "layered" scheme.
 * 1953  – The 7.2  Ionian earthquake shakes the southern Ionian Islands with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme). Between 445 and 800 people are killed.
 * 1960 – Echo 1A, NASA's first successful communications satellite, is launched.
 * 1964 – South Africa is banned from the Olympic Games due to the country's racist policies.
 * 1969 – Violence erupts after the Apprentice Boys of Derry march in Derry, Northern Ireland, resulting in a three-day communal riot known as the Battle of the Bogside.
 * 1976 – Between 1,000 and 3,500 Palestinians are killed in the Tel al-Zaatar massacre, one of the bloodiest events of the Lebanese Civil War.
 * 1977 – The first free flight of the SPACE SHUTTLE Enterprise.
 * 1977  – The Sri Lanka Riots: Targeting the minority Sri Lankan Tamils, begin, less than a month after the United National Party came to power. Over 300 Tamils are killed.
 * 1981 – The IBM Personal Computer is released.
 * 1984 – An infamous brawl takes place at the Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium between the Atlanta Braves and San Diego Padres.
 * 1985 – Japan Airlines Flight 123 crashes into Osutaka ridge in Gunma Prefecture, Japan, killing 520, to become the worst single-plane air disaster.
 * 1990 – Sue, the largest and most complete Tyrannosaurus rex skeleton found to date, is discovered by Sue Hendrickson in South Dakota.
 * 1992 – Canada, Mexico and the United States announce completion of negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
 * 1994 – Major League Baseball players go on strike, eventually forcing the cancellation of the 1994 World Series.
 * 2000 – The Russian Navy submarine RUSSIAN SUBMARINE Kursk explodes and sinks in the Barents Sea during a military exercise, killing her entire 118-man crew.
 * 2015 – At least two massive explosions kill 173 people and injure nearly 800 more in Tianjin, China.
 * 2016 – Syrian civil war: The Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) capture the city of Manbij from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).
 * 2017 - The Unite the Right rally occurs in Charlottesville, Virginia takes place leading to the deaths of 3 and injuring nearly 50 more.
 * 2018 – Thirty-nine civilians, including a dozen children, are killed in an explosion at a weapons depot in Sarmada, Syria.
 * 2021 – Six people, five victims and the perpetrator are killed in Keyham, Plymouth in the worst mass shooting in the UK since 2010.

Pre-1600

 * 1452 – Abraham Zacuto, Jewish astronomer, astrologer, mathematician, rabbi and historian (d. 1515)
 * 1503 – Christian III of Denmark (d. 1559)
 * 1506 – Franciscus Sonnius, Dutch counter-Reformation theologian (d. 1576)
 * 1591 – Louise de Marillac, co-founder of the Daughters of Charity (d. 1660)
 * 1599 – Sir William Curtius FRS, German magistrate, English baronet (d. 1678)

1601–1900

 * 1604 – Tokugawa Iemitsu, Japanese shōgun (d. 1651)
 * 1626 – Giovanni Legrenzi, Italian composer (d. 1690)
 * 1629 – Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria, Austrian archduchess (d. 1685)
 * 1644 – Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Bohemian-Austrian violinist and composer (d. 1704)
 * 1686 – John Balguy, English philosopher and author (d. 1748)
 * 1696 – Maurice Greene, English organist and composer (d. 1755)
 * 1762 – George IV of the United Kingdom (d. 1830)
 * 1773 – Karl Faber, Prussian historian and academic (d. 1853)
 * 1774 – Robert Southey, English poet and author (d. 1843)
 * 1831 – Helena Blavatsky, Russian theosophist and scholar (d. 1891)
 * 1852 – Michael J. McGivney, American priest and founder of the Knights of Columbus (d. 1890)
 * 1856 – Diamond Jim Brady, American businessman and philanthropist (d. 1917)
 * 1857 – Ernestine von Kirchsberg, Austrian painter and educator (d. 1924)
 * 1859 – Katharine Lee Bates, American poet and author (d. 1929)
 * 1860 – Klara Hitler, Austrian mother of Adolf Hitler (d. 1907)
 * 1866 – Jacinto Benavente, Spanish playwright, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1954)
 * 1866  – Henrik Sillem, Dutch target shooter, mountaineer, and jurist (d. 1907)
 * 1867 – Edith Hamilton, German-American author and educator (d. 1963)
 * 1870 – Henry Reuterdahl, Swedish-American artist (d. 1925)
 * 1871 – Gustavs Zemgals, Latvian politician, 2nd President of Latvia (d. 1939)
 * 1876 – Mary Roberts Rinehart, American author and playwright (d. 1958)
 * 1877 – Albert Bartha, Hungarian general and politician, Hungarian Minister of Defence (d. 1960)
 * 1880 – Radclyffe Hall, English poet, author, and activist (d. 1943)
 * 1880  – Christy Mathewson, American baseball player and manager (d. 1925)
 * 1881 – Cecil B. DeMille, American director and producer (d. 1959)
 * 1883 – Martha Hedman, Swedish-American actress and playwright (d. 1974)
 * 1883  – Marion Lorne, American actress (d. 1968)
 * 1885 – Jean Cabannes, French physicist and academic (d. 1959)
 * 1885  – Keith Murdoch, Australian journalist (d. 1952)
 * 1885  – Juhan Simm, Estonian composer and conductor (d. 1959)
 * 1887 – Erwin Schrödinger, Austrian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1961)
 * 1889 – Zerna Sharp, American author and educator (d. 1981)
 * 1891 – C. E. M. Joad, English philosopher and academic (d. 1953)
 * 1891  – John McDermott, American golfer (d. 1971)
 * 1892 – Alfred Lunt, American actor and director (d. 1977)
 * 1897 – Maurice Fernandes, Guyanese cricketer (d. 1981)
 * 1899 – Ben Sealey, Trinidadian cricketer (d. 1963)

1901–present

 * 1902 – Mohammad Hatta, Indonesian statesman, 1st Vice President of Indonesia (d. 1980)
 * 1904 – Idel Jakobson, Latvian-Estonian NKVD officer (d. 1997)
 * 1904  – Tamás Lossonczy, Hungarian painter (d. 2009)
 * 1904  – Alexei Nikolaevich, Tsarevich of Russia (d. 1918)
 * 1906 – Harry Hopman, Australian tennis player and coach (d. 1985)
 * 1906  – Tedd Pierce, American animator, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1972)
 * 1907 – Gladys Bentley, American blues singer (d. 1960)
 * 1907  – Joe Besser, American actor (d. 1988)
 * 1907  – Boy Charlton, Australian swimmer (d. 1975)
 * 1907  – Benjamin Sheares, Singaporean physician and politician, 2nd President of Singapore (d. 1981)
 * 1909 – Bruce Matthews, Canadian general and businessman (d. 1991)
 * 1910 – Yusof bin Ishak, Singaporean journalist and politician, 1st President of Singapore (d. 1970)
 * 1910  – Jane Wyatt, American actress (d. 2006)
 * 1911 – Cantinflas, Mexican actor, screenwriter, and producer (d. 1993)
 * 1912 – Samuel Fuller, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 1997)
 * 1913 – Richard L. Bare, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2015)
 * 1914 – Gerd Buchdahl, German-English philosopher and author (d. 2001)
 * 1914  – Ruth Lowe, Canadian pianist and songwriter (d. 1981)
 * 1915 – Michael Kidd, American dancer and choreographer (d. 2007)
 * 1916 – Ioan Dicezare, Romanian general and pilot (d. 2012)
 * 1916  – Edward Pinkowski, American writer, journalist and Polonia historian (d. 2020)
 * 1917 – Oliver Crawford, American screenwriter and author (d. 2008)
 * 1917  – Ebba Haslund, Norwegian writer (d. 2009)
 * 1918 – Sid Bernstein, American record producer (d. 2013)
 * 1918  – Guy Gibson, Anglo-Indian commander and pilot, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1944)
 * 1919 – Margaret Burbidge, English-American astrophysicist and academic (d. 2020)
 * 1919  – Vikram Sarabhai, Indian physicist and academic (d. 1971)
 * 1920 – Charles Gibson, American ethnohistorian (d. 1985)
 * 1920  – Percy Mayfield, American R&B singer-songwriter (d. 1984)
 * 1922 – Fulton Mackay, Scottish actor and playwright (d. 1987)
 * 1922  – Miloš Jakeš, Czech communist politician  (d. 2020)
 * 1923 – John Holt, Jamaican cricketer (d. 1997)
 * 1924 – Derek Shackleton, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (d. 2007)
 * 1924  – Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, Pakistani general and politician, 6th President of Pakistan (d. 1988)
 * 1925 – Dale Bumpers, American soldier, lawyer, and politician, 38th Governor of Arkansas (d. 2016)
 * 1925  – Guillermo Cano Isaza, Colombian journalist (d. 1986)
 * 1925  – Donald Justice, American poet and writing teacher (d. 2004)
 * 1925  – Norris McWhirter, Scottish publisher and activist co-founded the Guinness World Records (d. 2004)
 * 1925  – Ross McWhirter, Scottish publisher and activist, co-founded the Guinness World Records (d. 1975)
 * 1925  – George Wetherill, American physicist and academic (d. 2006)
 * 1926 – Douglas Croft, American child actor (d. 1963)
 * 1926  – John Derek, American actor, director, and cinematographer (d. 1998)
 * 1926  – Joe Jones, American R&B singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2005)
 * 1927 – Porter Wagoner, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007)
 * 1928 – Charles Blackman, Australian painter and illustrator (d. 2018)
 * 1928  – Bob Buhl, American baseball player (d. 2001)
 * 1928  – Dan Curtis, American director and producer (d. 2006)
 * 1929 – Buck Owens, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2006)
 * 1930 – George Soros, Hungarian-American businessman and investor, founded the Soros Fund Management
 * 1930  – Kanagaratnam Sriskandan, Sri Lankan engineer and civil servant (d. 2010)
 * 1930  – Jacques Tits, Belgian-French mathematician and academic (d. 2021)
 * 1931 – William Goldman, American author, playwright, and screenwriter (d. 2018)
 * 1932 – Dallin H. Oaks, American lawyer, jurist, and religious leader
 * 1932  – Charlie O'Donnell, American radio and television announcer (d. 2010)
 * 1932  – Sirikit, Queen mother of Thailand
 * 1933 – Parnelli Jones, American race car driver and businessman (d. 2024)
 * 1933  – Frederic Lindsay, Scottish author and educator (d. 2013)
 * 1934 – Robin Nicholson, English metallurgist and academic
 * 1935 – John Cazale, American actor (d. 1978)
 * 1936 – Kjell Grede, Swedish director and screenwriter (d. 2017)
 * 1937 – Walter Dean Myers, American author and poet (d. 2014)
 * 1938 – Jean-Paul L'Allier, Canadian journalist and politician, 38th Mayor of Quebec City (d. 2016)
 * 1939 – George Hamilton, American actor
 * 1939  – David Jacobs, American television writer and producer (d. 2023)
 * 1939  – S. Jayakumar, Singaporean politician, 4th Senior Minister of Singapore
 * 1939  – Pam Kilborn, Australian track and field athlete
 * 1939  – David King, South African chemist and academic
 * 1939  – Sushil Koirala, Nepalese politician, 37th Prime Minister of Nepal (d. 2016)
 * 1939  – Roy Romanow, Canadian lawyer and politician, 12th Premier of Saskatchewan
 * 1940 – Eddie Barlow, South African cricketer and coach (d. 2005)
 * 1940  – John Waller, English historical European martial arts (HEMA) revival pioneer and fight director (d. 2018)
 * 1941 – L. M. Kit Carson, American actor, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)
 * 1941  – Réjean Ducharme, Canadian author and playwright (d. 2017)
 * 1941  – Dana Ivey, American actress
 * 1942 – Hans-Wilhelm Müller-Wohlfahrt, German physician and author
 * 1943 – Javeed Alam, Indian academician (d. 2016)
 * 1945 – Dorothy E. Denning, American computer scientist and academic
 * 1945  – Ron Mael, American keyboard player and songwriter
 * 1946 – Terry Nutkins, English television host and author (d. 2012)
 * 1947 – John Nathan-Turner, English author and television director, producer, and writer (d. 2002)
 * 1948 – Siddaramaiah, Indian lawyer and politician, 22nd Chief Minister of Karnataka
 * 1948  – Graham J. Zellick, English academic and jurist
 * 1949 – Panagiotis Chinofotis, Greek admiral and politician
 * 1949  – Mark Knopfler, Scottish-English singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
 * 1949  – Lou Martin, Northern Irish pianist, songwriter, and producer (d. 2012)
 * 1949  – Alex Naumik, Lithuanian-Norwegian singer-songwriter and producer (d. 2013)
 * 1949  – Rick Ridgeway, American mountaineer and photographer
 * 1950 – Jim Beaver, American actor, director, and screenwriter
 * 1950  – August "Kid Creole" Darnell, American musician, bandleader, singer-songwriter, and record producer
 * 1950  – George McGinnis, American basketball player (d. 2023)
 * 1951 – Klaus Toppmöller, German football manager and former player
 * 1952 – Daniel Biles, American associate justice of the Kansas Supreme Court
 * 1952  – Sitaram Yechury, Indian politician and leader of CPI(M)
 * 1954 – Rob Borbidge, Australian politician, 35th Premier of Queensland
 * 1954  – Leung Chun-ying, Hong Kong businessman and politician, 3rd Chief Executive of Hong Kong
 * 1954  – Ibolya Dávid, Hungarian lawyer and politician, Minister of Justice of Hungary
 * 1954  – François Hollande, French lawyer and politician, 24th President of France
 * 1954  – Sam J. Jones, American actor
 * 1954  – Pat Metheny, American jazz guitarist and composer
 * 1956 – Lee Freedman, Australian horse trainer
 * 1956  – Bruce Greenwood, Canadian actor and producer
 * 1956  – Sidath Wettimuny, Sri Lankan cricketer
 * 1957 – Friedhelm Schütte, German footballer
 * 1957  – Amanda Redman, English actress
 * 1958 – Jürgen Dehmel, German bass player and songwriter
 * 1959 – Kerry Boustead, Australian rugby league player
 * 1960 – Laurent Fignon, French cyclist and sportscaster (d. 2010)
 * 1960  – Greg Thomas, Welsh-English cricketer
 * 1961 – Roy Hay, English guitarist, keyboard player, and composer
 * 1961  – Mark Priest, New Zealand cricketer
 * 1963 – Kōji Kitao, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 60th Yokozuna (d. 2019)
 * 1963  – Campbell Newman, Australian politician, 38th Premier of Queensland
 * 1963  – Sir Mix-a-Lot, American rapper, producer, and actor
 * 1964 – Txiki Begiristain, Spanish footballer
 * 1964  – Michael Hagan, Australian rugby league player and coach
 * 1965 – Peter Krause, American actor
 * 1966 – Tobias Ellwood, American-English captain and politician
 * 1967 – Andy Hui, Hong Kong singer-songwriter and actor
 * 1967  – Andrey Plotnikov, Russian race walker
 * 1967  – Regilio Tuur, Dutch boxer
 * 1968 – Thorsten Boer, German footballer and manager
 * 1969 – Aga Muhlach, Filipino actor and politician
 * 1969  – Stuart Williams, Nevisian cricketer
 * 1969  – Tanita Tikaram, British pop/folk singer-songwriter
 * 1970 – Aleksandar Đurić, Bosnian footballer
 * 1970  – Charles Mesure, English-Australian actor and screenwriter
 * 1970  – Toby Perkins, English businessman and politician
 * 1970  – Jim Schlossnagle, American baseball player and coach
 * 1970  – Anthony Swofford, American soldier and author
 * 1971 – Michael Ian Black, American comedian, actor, director, producer, and screenwriter
 * 1971  – Yvette Nicole Brown, American actress, comedian, and talk show host
 * 1971  – Rebecca Gayheart, American actress
 * 1971  – Pete Sampras, American tennis player
 * 1972 – Demir Demirkan, Turkish singer-songwriter and producer
 * 1972  – Mark Kinsella, Irish footballer and manager
 * 1972  – Takanohana Kōji, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 65th Yokozuna
 * 1972  – Gyanendra Pandey, Indian cricketer
 * 1972  – Del the Funky Homosapien, American rapper
 * 1973 – Jonathan Coachman, American sportscaster and wrestler
 * 1973  – Mark Iuliano, Italian footballer and manager
 * 1973  – Todd Marchant, American ice hockey player and coach
 * 1974 – Matt Clement, American baseball player and coach
 * 1974  – Karl Stefanovic, Australian television host
 * 1975 – Casey Affleck, American actor
 * 1976 – Pedro Collins, Barbadian cricketer
 * 1976  – Mikko Lindström, Finnish guitarist
 * 1976  – Henry Tuilagi, Samoan rugby player
 * 1976  – Antoine Walker, American basketball player
 * 1977 – Plaxico Burress, American football player
 * 1977  – Jesper Grønkjær, Danish footballer
 * 1977  – Park Yong-ha, South Korean actor (d. 2010)
 * 1978 – Chris Chambers, American football player
 * 1978  – Hayley Wickenheiser, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 1979 – D. J. Houlton, American baseball player
 * 1979  – Ian Hutchinson, English motorcycle racer
 * 1979  – Cindy Klassen, Canadian speed skater
 * 1979  – Austra Skujytė, Lithuanian pentathlete
 * 1980 – Javier Chevantón, Uruguayan footballer
 * 1980  – Maggie Lawson, American actress
 * 1980  – Dominique Swain, American actress
 * 1980  – Matt Thiessen, Canadian-American singer-songwriter and guitarist
 * 1981 – Tony Capaldi, Norwegian-Northern Irish footballer
 * 1981  – Djibril Cissé, French footballer
 * 1982 – Boban Grnčarov, Macedonian footballer
 * 1982  – Alexandros Tzorvas, Greek footballer
 * 1983 – Klaas-Jan Huntelaar, Dutch footballer
 * 1983  – Kléber Giacomance de Souza Freitas, Brazilian footballer
 * 1983  – Manoa Vosawai, Italian rugby player
 * 1984 – Bryan Pata, American football player (d. 2006)
 * 1985 – Danny Graham, English footballer
 * 1985  – Franck Moutsinga, German rugby player
 * 1986 – Andrei Agius, Maltese footballer
 * 1986  – Kyle Arrington, American football player
 * 1987 – Vanessa Watts, West Indian cricketer
 * 1988 – Tyson Fury, English boxer
 * 1988  – Matt Gillett, Australian rugby league player
 * 1989 – Tom Cleverley, English footballer
 * 1989  – Hong Jeong-ho, South Korean footballer
 * 1989  – Sunye, South Korean singer
 * 1990 – Mario Balotelli, Italian footballer
 * 1990  – Marvin Zeegelaar, Dutch footballer
 * 1990  – Martin Zurawsky, German footballer
 * 1991 – Jesinta Campbell, Australian model
 * 1991  – Sam Hoare, Australian rugby league player
 * 1991 – Khris Middleton, American basketball player
 * 1991  – LaKeith Stanfield, American actor and musician
 * 1992 – Cara Delevingne, English model and actress
 * 1992  – Jacob Loko, Australian rugby player
 * 1992  – Teo Gheorghiu, Swiss pianist and actor
 * 1993 – Ewa Farna, Czech singer-songwriter
 * 1993  – Luna, South Korean singer, actress and presenter
 * 1996 – Choi Yu-jin, South Korean singer and actress
 * 1996  – Julio Urías, Mexican baseball player
 * 1996  – Arthur Melo, Brazilian footballer
 * 1996  – Samuel Moutoussamy, Congolese footballer
 * 1998 – Stefanos Tsitsipas, Greek tennis player
 * 1999 – Matthijs de Ligt, Dutch footballer
 * 1999  – Dream, American YouTuber
 * 1999  – Jule Niemeier, German tennis player
 * 2000 – Tristan Charpentier, French racing driver
 * 2001 – Dixie D'Amelio, American social media personality and singer

Pre-1600

 * 30 BC – Cleopatra, Egyptian queen (b. 69 BC)
 * 792 – Jænberht, archbishop of Canterbury
 * 875 – Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 825)
 * 960 – Li Gu, chancellor of Later Zhou (b. 903)
 * 961 – Yuan Zong, emperor of Southern Tang (b. 916)
 * 1222 – Vladislaus III, duke of Bohemia
 * 1295 – Charles Martel, king of Hungary (b. 1271)
 * 1319 – Rudolf I, duke of Bavaria (b. 1274)
 * 1315 – Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick, English nobleman
 * 1335 – Prince Moriyoshi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1308)
 * 1399 – Demetrius I Starshy, Prince of Trubczewsk (in battle) (b. 1327)
 * 1424 – Yongle, emperor of the Ming Empire (b. 1360)
 * 1484 – Sixtus IV, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1414)
 * 1546 – Francisco de Vitoria, Spanish theologian (b. 1492)
 * 1577 – Thomas Smith, English scholar and diplomat (b. 1513)
 * 1588 – Alfonso Ferrabosco the elder, Italian-English composer (b. 1543)

1601–1900

 * 1602 – Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, Mughal vizier and historian (b. 1551)
 * 1612 – Giovanni Gabrieli, Italian organist and composer (b. 1557)
 * 1638 – Johannes Althusius, German jurist and philosopher (b. 1557)
 * 1674 – Philippe de Champaigne, Belgian-French painter and educator (b. 1602)
 * 1689 – Pope Innocent XI (b. 1611)
 * 1778 – Peregrine Bertie, 3rd Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire (b. 1714)
 * 1809 – Mikhail Kamensky, Russian field marshal (b. 1738)
 * 1810 – Étienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (b. 1725)
 * 1822 – Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh, Irish-English politician, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (b. 1769)
 * 1827 – William Blake, English poet and painter (b. 1757)
 * 1829 – Charles Sapinaud de La Rairie, French general (b. 1760)
 * 1848 – George Stephenson, English engineer and academic (b. 1781)
 * 1849 – Albert Gallatin, Swiss-American ethnologist, linguist, and politician, 4th United States Secretary of the Treasury (b. 1761)
 * 1861 – Eliphalet Remington, American inventor and businessman, founded Remington Arms (b. 1793)
 * 1864 – Sakuma Shōzan, Japanese scholar and politician (b. 1811)
 * 1865 – William Jackson Hooker, English botanist and academic (b. 1785)
 * 1891 – James Russell Lowell, American poet and critic (b. 1819)
 * 1896 – Thomas Chamberlain, American colonel (b. 1841)
 * 1900 – Wilhelm Steinitz, Austrian chess player and theoretician (b. 1836)

1901–present

 * 1901 – Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld, Finnish-Swedish botanist, geologist, mineralogist, and explorer (b. 1832)
 * 1904 – William Renshaw, English tennis player (b. 1861)
 * 1914 – John Philip Holland, Irish engineer, designed HMS Holland 1 (b. 1840)
 * 1918 – William Thompson, American archer (b. 1848)
 * 1921 – Pyotr Boborykin, Russian playwright and journalist (b. 1836)
 * 1922 – Arthur Griffith, Irish journalist and politician, 3rd President of Dáil Éireann (b. 1871)
 * 1924 – Sándor Bródy, Hungarian journalist and author (b. 1863)
 * 1928 – Leoš Janáček, Czech composer and educator (b. 1854)
 * 1934 – Hendrik Petrus Berlage, Dutch architect, designed the Beurs van Berlage (b. 1856)
 * 1935 – Friedrich Schottky, German mathematician and academic (b. 1851)
 * 1940 – Nikolai Triik, Estonian painter, illustrator, and academic (b. 1884)
 * 1941 – Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon, English soldier and politician, 56th Governor General of Canada (b. 1866)
 * 1941  – Bobby Peel, English cricketer and umpire (b. 1857)
 * 1943 – Vittorio Sella, Italian photographer and mountaineer (b. 1859)
 * 1944 – Joseph P. Kennedy Jr., American lieutenant and pilot (b. 1915)
 * 1952 – David Bergelson, Ukrainian author and playwright (b. 1884)
 * 1955 – Thomas Mann, German author and critic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1875)
 * 1955  – James B. Sumner, American chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1887)
 * 1959 – Mike O'Neill, Irish-American baseball player and manager (b. 1877)
 * 1964 – Ian Fleming, English spy, journalist, and author (b. 1908)
 * 1966 – Artur Alliksaar, Estonian poet and author (b. 1923)
 * 1967 – Esther Forbes, American historian and author (b. 1891)
 * 1973 – Walter Rudolf Hess, Swiss physiologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1881)
 * 1973  – Karl Ziegler, German chemist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
 * 1976 – Tom Driberg, British politician/journalist (b. 1905)
 * 1978 – John Williams, English motorcycle racer (b. 1946)
 * 1979 – Ernst Boris Chain, German-Irish biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1906)
 * 1982 – Henry Fonda, American actor (b. 1905)
 * 1982  – Salvador Sánchez, Mexican boxer (b. 1959)
 * 1983 – Theodor Burchardi, German admiral (b. 1892)
 * 1984 – Ladi Kwali, Nigerian potter (b. 1925)
 * 1985 – Kyu Sakamoto, Japanese singer-songwriter (b. 1941)
 * 1985  – Manfred Winkelhock, German race car driver (b. 1951)
 * 1986 – Evaline Ness, American author and illustrator (b. 1911)
 * 1988 – Jean-Michel Basquiat, American painter (b. 1960)
 * 1989 – Aimo Koivunen, Finnish soldier and corporal (b. 1917)
 * 1989  – William Shockley, American physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1910)
 * 1990 – Dorothy Mackaill, English-American actress (b. 1903)
 * 1992 – John Cage, American composer and theorist (b. 1912)
 * 1996 – Victor Ambartsumian, Georgian-Armenian astrophysicist and academic (b. 1908)
 * 1996  – Mark Gruenwald, American author and illustrator (b. 1953)
 * 1997 – Jack Delano, American photographer and composer (b. 1914)
 * 1999 – Jean Drapeau, Canadian lawyer and politician, 37th Mayor of Montreal (b. 1916)
 * 2000 – Gennady Lyachin, Russian captain (b. 1955)
 * 2000  – Loretta Young, American actress (b. 1913)
 * 2002 – Enos Slaughter, American baseball player and manager (b. 1916)
 * 2004 – Godfrey Hounsfield, English biophysicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1919)
 * 2005 – John Loder, English sound engineer and producer, founded Southern Studios (b. 1946)
 * 2006 – Victoria Gray Adams, American civil rights activist (b. 1926)
 * 2007 – Merv Griffin, American actor, singer, and producer, created Jeopardy! and Wheel of Fortune (b. 1925)
 * 2007  – Mike Wieringo, American author and illustrator (b. 1963)
 * 2008 – Christie Allen, English-Australian singer (b. 1954)
 * 2008  – Helge Hagerup, Norwegian playwright, poet and novelist (b. 1933)
 * 2009 – Les Paul, American guitarist and songwriter (b. 1915)
 * 2010 – Isaac Bonewits, American Druid, author, and activist; founded Ár nDraíocht Féin (b. 1949)
 * 2010  – Guido de Marco, Maltese lawyer and politician, 6th President of Malta (b. 1931)
 * 2010  – Richie Hayward, American drummer and songwriter (b. 1946)
 * 2010  – André Kim, South Korean fashion designer (b. 1935)
 * 2011 – Robert Robinson, English journalist and author (b. 1927)
 * 2012 – Jimmy Carr, American football player and coach (b. 1933)
 * 2012  – Jerry Grant, American race car driver (b. 1935)
 * 2012  – Joe Kubert, Polish-American illustrator, founded The Kubert School (b. 1926)
 * 2012  – Édgar Morales Pérez, Mexican engineer and politician
 * 2012  – Alf Morris, English politician and activist (b. 1928)
 * 2013 – Tereza de Arriaga, Portuguese painter (b. 1915)
 * 2013  – Hans-Ekkehard Bob, German soldier and pilot (b. 1917)
 * 2013  – Pauline Maier, American historian and academic (b. 1938)
 * 2013  – David McLetchie, Scottish lawyer and politician (b. 1952)
 * 2013  – Vasiliy Mihaylovich Peskov, Russian ecologist and journalist (b. 1930)
 * 2014 – Lauren Bacall, American model, actress, and singer (b. 1924)
 * 2014  – Futatsuryū Jun'ichi, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1950)
 * 2014  – Kongō Masahiro, Japanese sumo wrestler (b. 1948)
 * 2015 – Jaakko Hintikka, Finnish philosopher and academic (b. 1929)
 * 2015  – Stephen Lewis, English actor and screenwriter (b. 1926)
 * 2015  – Meshulim Feish Lowy, Hungarian-Canadian rabbi and author (b. 1921)
 * 2015  – John Scott, English organist and conductor (b. 1956)
 * 2016 – Juan Pedro de Miguel, Spanish handball player (b. 1958)
 * 2017 – Bryan Murray, Canadian ice hockey coach (b. 1942)
 * 2019 – DJ Arafat, Ivorian DJ and singer (b. 1986)
 * 2020 – Bill Yeoman, American college football player and coach (b. 1927)
 * 2021 – Una Stubbs, English actress, TV personality, and dancer (b. 1937)

Holidays and observances

 * Christian feast day:
 * Euplius
 * Eusebius of Milan
 * Herculanus of Brescia
 * Pope Innocent XI
 * Jænberht
 * Jane Frances de Chantal
 * Muiredach (or Murtagh)
 * Porcarius II
 * August 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
 * Glorious Twelfth (United Kingdom)
 * HM the Queen Mother's Birthday and National Mother's Day (Thailand)
 * International Youth Day (United Nations)
 * Russian Air Force Day (Russia)
 * Russian Railway Troops Day (Russia)
 * Sea Org Day (Scientology)
 * World Elephant Day (International)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: August 12