text:
Talk:Hebrew alphabet

The name 'Hebrew alphabet' in Hebrew in the box on the right
The vocalization is wrong. The xiriq is NOT properly centered in the letter resh, but goes under the downstroke. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.12.97.111 (talk) 14:21, 8 August 2023 (UTC)

tzere in Modern hebrew
This aleges that tzere in modern hebrew is "correctly pronounced as EI" that is incorrect, sure it is in the anglosized synogogue "sephardic hebrew" they teach in America. but in israel its only dipthongized in some words that are remnants of the ashkenazi pronunciation,even then not everyone does. Also "ei" shouldn't be considered more "correct" as dipthongized vowels are alien to hebrew, ei only exist in Ashkenazi (and Ashkenazi influenced) Hebrew —Preceding unsigned comment added by 74.72.241.66 (talk) 21:52, 14 January 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree. It is often pronounced as [ej] in Israeli Hebrew, but it is not correct in the normative sense and not consistent in the spoken language. See Asher Laufer, Chapters in Phonetics and Phonetic Transcription, §17.3.1-17.3.2 (the book is in Hebrew). --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 15:07, 18 January 2010 (UTC)

"Names" of letters with geresh
There are no names for letters with geresh representing non-Hebrew sounds. I heard "Tshadik" a couple of times as a joke, but i've never heard "Jimel", "Zhayin", or "Thav". It looks totally made up. I'm removing those names. Please correct me if i'm wrong. --Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 18:33, 22 January 2008 (UTC)

 * You are quite correct.
 * You are wrong. =) You can put them back, because they are correct. 'jimel' is a more common name than 'zhayin' or 'thav', and they are not formally taught as part of the alefbet in schools, but those are the names they are called when dictated out loud.Jesszahav (talk) 04:56, 14 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Nonsense. Amir is 100% correct. There are no such letter names.
 * Please provide sources before inserting into the article. Dan ☺ 22:16, 16 April 2009 (UTC)

Literal meaning of letters
Aharon, could you please state your source for the information under Literal meaning of letters? Regarding the meanings of the letters' names, I believe there is some confusion between their original meanings and etymology on the one hand and the meanings that these names (or words similar to them) acquired later on the other hand. I believe e.g. that the name "Aleph" originated from the old Hebrew word "aluph", meaning ox, and not from "elef", meaning "one thousand". The letter's old form depicted the head of an ox, as you can see in the table. Please be careful to avoid pseudoscientific language comparison between ancient and modern Hebrew. Dan Pelleg (talk) 13:51, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * The table was becoming much too wide, I split the table, and the history section into a new article called, History of the Hebrew alphabet Epson291 (talk) 21:59, 5 April 2008 (UTC)
 * Good idea - only you've just copied the information from here into the new article, information which is unsourced and at least partly wrong. Dan Pelleg (talk) 22:31, 6 April 2008 (UTC)
 * I copied this discussion (and the letters, to the new talk page) Epson291 (talk) 06:21, 17 April 2008 (UTC)

This is incorrect. That assumes Hebrew was derived from Phonecian. Aleph its self is constructed of two yuds and a vuv. The gemattria of this number is 26, and it's used to represent the name of G*d. Each letter has an intentional shape. CheskiChips (talk) 14:49, 22 August 2008 (UTC)

I don't know all of them, but I do know that the name of Hebrew Letter Beyt derives from the Hebrew word Bayit(בַּיִת) meaning "house" according to the Ancient Hebrew Research Center. I found a few of them there, but there might be more somewhere on that site. Of course, I've been to this site, and, unfortunately, the dictionary that they have there is very limited, but considering how humble the owner of that site is, you might be able to persuade him to make some updates to it, so long as you provide adequete sources. Scholars love their sources.AurumSpiral1235813 (talk) 20:55, 11 May 2013 (UTC)

Messed up dots in letters
If you notice in the part where it shows the diferenced between shin and sin, pe and fe bet vet...... All the dots are aligned too far to the left. It seems to be a format error because i checked the source code, but thoughti'd bring it up. —Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.173.121.231 (talk) 21:13, 16 July 2008 (UTC)

List of Incorrect/Unsubstantiated
Why in 'History' are Rabbi's who dedicate their entire lives to this not considered "Contemporary Scholars"?

The evidence that letters were resultant from some proto language are unsubstantiated. Evidences include allusion in various Talmud passages with the importance of each precise letter. Later Sefer Yetzirah discusses the importance of the letters in shape. Various kabbalistic teachings are entirely based on the shape of letters, and for that matter the pronunciations. It should not be taken entirely lightly. Theologically Assyria decended of the same family, there's no reason to assume the two weren't always identical.

Pronunciation: yod also is identical to 'ee' and 'ih'. The combination of these two is its self a dipthong creating the modern "y" sound. Aleph-Yod is equivalent to the modern letter "I".

Vuv is more likely "waw", the reason it can use the tones "ooh" and "oh" are the fact that those two sounds as a dipthong are the letter 'w'. This is in use in Mitzrahi Judaism, and some other sects.

Missing in the Dagesh is "Gimel/Jimel" which is in use in many American and Israeli communities. Also Tav/Sav is not the only interpretation, there is also thav/tav which seems more likely. Also missing in Dagesh is Resh / Resh (Gutteral). The modern use is similar to a "w", but the original is a gutteral sound similar to the ayin.

Ayin is not pronounced the same as Aleph. Ayin has a gutteral sound applied to it, a gutteral sound void of tonality almost a controlled rolling grunt.

Sepher Yetzirah also implies that there are defined divisions. Fundamentals. Labials. Palletals. Dentals. Gutterals. and Excess. CheskiChips (talk) 14:47, 22 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Note that there is archaeological evidence that the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet existed before the Aramaic alphabet, e.g. this image, where the fourth letter, a Paleo-Hebrew Aleph (Paleo-hebrew - alef.png) is in principal identical to the Phoenician Aleph (Phoenician aleph.png). Note also that you are at least partially misinformed as to pronunciation / spelling habits of native speakers of Modern Hebrew, e.g. the distinction "Gimel/Jimel" is most certainly not made using a dagesh but rather using a geresh. Aleph and Ayin are pronounced identically in Israel's general population (as stated in the article); both pronunciations of Ayin are given in the table under Pronunciation. I would suggest you go ahead and include the information you have to offer under separate entries, such as "The form of Hebrew letters as viewed in the Kabbalah", but please do not confuse traditions and interpretations (which are based on knowledge prior to that obtained through modern scientific methods) with modern, scientifically founded Data. Please be sure to always include verifiable sources to the information you include. Dan Pelleg (talk) 20:30, 23 August 2008 (UTC)

 * Thank you for your clarification. CheskiChips (talk) 04:38, 24 August 2008 (UTC)

Greek letters?
Note that Greek is a daughter language of Phoenician. It might be useful to add the greek letters that apply to the Phoenician letters under the "Names, scripts, values, and transliteration of the letters" in the article. Nschoem 03:04, 20 November 2008 (UTC) —Preceding unsigned comment added by Nschoem (talk • contribs)
 * It is already found here. We can't put every related script in the table. Epson291 (talk) 07:50, 20 November 2008 (UTC)

Pronunciation of names of letters
Where on Wikipedia can I find how the names of the letters are pronounced, in the context of referring to them in English? Not the sound represented by the letters, but the name of the letters themselves, when speaking English, as in "the name of the first letter of the Hebrew alphabet is aleph". Aleph is easy enough but should vav be "vow", "vav" or "wow", shwa "shwa" /ʃwɑ:/ or "shva" /ʃvɑ:/, he "heh" /hɛ/ or "hey" /heɪ/, etc? The information should probably be given both on this page and the one corresponding to each letter. Flapdragon (talk) 18:13, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

- Dan Pelleg (talk) 21:10, 19 March 2009 (UTC)
 * (I suppose, since Yiddish uses ther same alphabet, the Yiddish pronunciations of the lettes' names should also be given, as should the names in any other language which uses it. Dan Pelleg (talk) 21:15, 19 March 2009 (UTC))

 * This is a great start, though it's not clear to me what "standard pronunciation" means in this context, and the table doesn't include English, where of course sounds like [ħ] and [ʕ] are not available. There must be long-established, in fact centuries-old conventions of English pronunciation of Hebrew as a historical and liturgical language. I'm pretty confident of /'alef/, /beθ/, /gɪməl/ and /jɒd/, but I'm too ignorant to know them all. Flapdragon (talk) 21:59, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

 * Yes, "standard pronunciation" should actually read "standard modern Israeli pronunciation", being the standard set by the Academy of the Hebrew Language, taught at Israeli schools etc. I agree, English pronunciation standards belong in such a table too. Dan Pelleg (talk) 22:57, 19 March 2009 (UTC)

Overdots for Judeo-Arabic
I remember reading somewhere that sometimes when the Hebrew alphabet was used to write Judeo-Arabic letters were written with overdots similar to those of the Arabic alphabet to represent similar sounds (e.g. ד with three overdots for [ð]). Is there a proper encoding for this on computers, and should information on this be included in this article? Mo-Al (talk) 00:25, 18 August 2009 (UTC)
 * While on that topic - any chances of someone including a section on the similarities between this and the Arabic Alphabet? Wanyonyi (talk) 11:42, 2 November 2009 (UTC)
 * The cantillation diacritics could do it, e.g. "segol" for three overdots: ד֒ . Dan ☺ 16:38, 2 November 2009 (UTC)

"Standard Israeli" names of the letters
Should the pronunciation of the names of the letters kheth ח as /ħ/ and ayin ע as /ʕ/ really be called  "Standard Israeli", and should the pronunciations that equate them with a dagesh-less kaph and with an aleph respectively really be labelled "colloquial Israeli"? I understand that the Oriental pronunciation is theoretically sort-of official according to the Academy of Hebrew, but isn't it more of an exception than a norm even in official discourse? Calling it "colloquial" would suggest that most Israelis are incapable of speaking in any other way than colloquially even in the most official of settings. That's not the way terms such as "standard" and "colloquial" are used, normally.

On the other hand, the Tiberian Hebrew forms of the names of the letters really should be given: unlike mainstream Israeli Hebrew, they really do preserve the original sounds.--91.148.159.4 (talk) 16:18, 20 March 2010 (UTC)
 * The standard set by the Academy of the Hebrew Language is legally compulsory for Israel's government institutions (including all educational institutions), it is "standard" only in this sense. Clarifying this in the article wouldn't hurt. And adding a (sourced!) column with Tiberian pronunciations is a good idea too, go ahead! Dan ☺ 00:46, 21 March 2010 (UTC)

Dialectical (the table)

 * Hebrew alphabet: Would someone please remember to add the forgotten dialectical pronunciation of ר as or  (& sometimes ). As it is noted for ע & ח . --Mahmudmasri (talk) 21:20, 20 April 2010 (UTC)
 * Done – Dan ☺ 00:51, 1 May 2010 (UTC)

Rashi as an ancestral script?
Rashi script is listed as an ancestral script, alongside phoenecian, aramaic etc. I thought it was developed more recently, in Europe, which hardly qualifies it as an ancestral script. In fact, I think it is based on the block script we have now, so really it is a descendant of the block script.128.100.71.45 (talk) 15:31, 4 August 2010 (UTC)
 * Yes, moreover it's still used today for printing biblical commentary, as opposed to the Phoenician etc. Dan ☺ 13:53, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

Flawed table of Hebrew letters
In the table of Hebrew letters, the author neglected to list the soft ghimel and dhaleth. The fact that most modern Israelis do not recognize them does not mean they do not exist in Hebrew. The author should correct this; I do not have the tools to do so. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Rhayat (talk • contribs) 02:10, 8 November 2010 (UTC)

The markup is a total mess
The markup of this article, I am afraid, is a total mess, especially in the tables. According to the Wikipedia Manual of Style, markup should be kept as simple as possible: Manual of Style. This concerns, among other things, font sizes: Manual of Style (text formatting):

"Increased and decreased font size should primarily be produced through automated facilities such as headings or through carefully designed templates."

The hieratic markup severely handicaps the editability. I have now removed a few of the worst markup excesses, such as font-families (which in many occasions caused problems, see above Talk:Hebrew alphabet) or absolute size definitions. Much work remains to be done. -- machᵗᵃˡᵏ👍 08:52, 9 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks mach for all that work. The only thing I think looked better before is the appearance of the tables at the top of the article, which were aligned – they look messy now and the second box is much too wide. Dan ☺ 20:42, 10 April 2011 (UTC)

Incorrect and inconsistent vowel forms
The versions of kamatz and reduced kamatz shown in the first two tables in Hebrew alphabet are not the same as the ones that appear in the Comparison table that follows. The former versions, showing a kamatz as a horizontal line with a dot below instead of a T-like shape, are wholly incorrect. I suppose there might be a historic precedent for that form, but the T shape has been standard for many centuries. Check any of the article's references or the Hebrew Wikipedia article on kamatz. Enoent (talk) 18:40, 7 May 2011 (UTC)
 * אָ | אֳ In the traditional typeface for Hebrew serif fonts, the kamats's "foot" is thicker at the bottom, like a drop shape (clearly to see e.g. here). Maybe the uploaders forgot to put on their glasses and assumed it was only their blurred vision that made the bulb seem connected to the bar Face-devil-grin.svg – Dan ☺ 15:24, 8 May 2011 (UTC)

The Unicode fonts are terrible
The Unicode fonts are terrible: indistinguishable and nearly illegible. Please replace all reference characters with actual images of letters, in the modern serif typeface.

The most confusion comes about from the similarities between Vav, Yod,Final Nun (ן,י,ו); Dalet,Zayin (ז,ד); and Final Kaf and Resh (ר,ך). The table of different styles (e.g., Rashi) is somewhat useful, however, the fact remains that for most people, the default font of Hebrew -- with which they are most familiar -- is the modern serif typeface, such as the one in the image in the infobox at the upper right hand corner of the page:

Saywhat2012 (talk) 21:20, 9 December 2012 (UTC)

With what tools is it generally formed?
I have been attempting to write in a similar alphabet but find that the ballpoint pen is just not up for the task, with what sort of writing utensils is this generally written with? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Hawjam (talk • contribs) 22:53, 5 May 2013 (UTC)

The vowel sound represented by Patach
Is the vowel in "bus" really a good English analogue for the vowel sound represented by the niqqud Patach? I'd think it was closer to the "a" in "far" or "fall", as the article on Patach itself seems to indicate. Kevin Nelson (talk) 06:36, 8 January 2014 (UTC)

PE and TSADI issue
Final PE and TSADI seem to be mistaken for normal PE and TSADI. Can someone who knows Hebrew confirm that and correct it as I am only 99.9% sure about this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 95.76.29.48 (talk) 07:02, 28 November 2014 (UTC)

Hebrew alphabet vs. Hebrew script
Despite the fact that Hebrew script redirects here, this article is predominantly about the alphabet/abjad used specifically to write the Hebrew language, paying significantly less attention to the other languages written with the Hebrew script, such as the Yiddish language. I would recommend that someone with the appropriate knowledge replace the redirect with a separate article that addresses the Hebrew script from a common point of view, in a similar fashion to the article on the Cyrillic script. —Gordon P. Hemsley→ ✉ 13:39, 11 June 2015 (UTC)

External links modified
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Final forms
I've updated the page to reflect that Paleo-Hebrew has no 'final forms' like the modern Ashuri script does. The original phrasing seemed to suggest that both scripts used finals. I trust no-one will have any objection. 50.107.129.248 (talk) 16:56, 20 October 2017 (UTC) B.A.

External links modified
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Phoenician glyphs not properly rendered in the table under Hebrew_alphabet
I tryed every pre-installed font on Windows(TM) to render the glyphs of the Phoenician alphabet, to no avail. Could someone substitute images for the characters? FlavianusEP (talk) 18:07, 7 December 2017 (UTC)

Order of letters
The order in which letters of the Hebrew alphabet are listed is the same everywhere and taken as read. Shouldn't the History section say something about when the ordering was first established, even if that means saying that it is no-longer known? --DStanB (talk) 10:51, 11 May 2018 (UTC)

 * You raise a good point. Further, the order is not quite the same everywhere. Within the Hebrew Bible there is occasional variation between letters "ayin" (16th) and "pe" (17th), revealed particularly across the acrostic poetry.  For example, within Lamentations, chapters two, three and four are ordered pe–ayin whereas chapter 1 is ayin–pe. And this variation also occurs across the acrostic psalms. So a short section or sub-section about this ordering topic would seem to be useful. Not least it would act as a link-point for the current repetition across the WP articles for the individual chapters of Lamentations. Feline Hymnic (talk) 14:15, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
 * I've just started a small subsection "Order" about this. It could benefit from the attention of someone who knows the Hebrew alphabet better than I do. Feline Hymnic (talk) 20:51, 6 May 2024 (UTC)

Yiddish vowel examples
I just an  regarding vowels in Yiddish. Please have a look and let me know whether I've garbled the original intent of your contribution. Ibadibam (talk) 01:58, 17 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Symbol thumbs up.svg it’s still good ☺ Dan ☺ 18:55, 3 June 2018 (UTC)
 * Thanks! Ibadibam (talk) 22:25, 3 June 2018 (UTC)

Phoenician/Proto-Hebrew alephbet visual aid
Can someone please find any one of thousands of better representations of the primitive Semitic alphabet? The modern, "gothic" bold/black square letters shown are both misleading and inaccurate to any inscriptions or ancient texts found. ~pablo david — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2603:3023:802:1A00:A94D:3B2F:BBE8:EF5C (talk) 12:18, 28 January 2020 (UTC)
 * To which specific element are you referring? Is it the image File:Paleo-hebrew_alphabet.jpg? Ibadibam (talk) 17:52, 28 January 2020 (UTC)

ח Het [xet]
I'm not aware of any word in Hebrew Audio Bible where ח would be pronounced not as velar but as uvular fricative. So at least in ancient Hebrew it's always [x]. Perhaps I only know Askenasim and no Sephardim. Can get removed?--Vollbracht (talk) 13:12, 4 August 2020 (UTC)
 * done according to Hebrew Audio Bible, Mechon Mamre --Vollbracht (talk) 13:38, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * I'm no expert on the matter, but please take a look at refs in Modern Hebrew phonology. Ideally, these two pages and Help:IPA/Hebrew should be kept in sync. No such user (talk) 15:53, 4 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Thank you! In fact, now I judge my edit as a mistake. I'll undo it.--Vollbracht (talk) 21:37, 4 February 2021 (UTC)

Cantillation link
Someone in 2019 made a disambiguation page out of Cantillation with a rationale, but obviously didn't think to fix the previous usages. The previous page was moved to Hebrew cantillation.

Within this page there are at least two links to Cantillation that ought to be Hebrew cantillation, I think. Could someone knowledgeable check and update these? Shenme (talk) 06:34, 17 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Done. There were several of these. In most cases the phrase "cantillation marks" was there, and I just extended the link to comprise both words, because there's a redirect at that term. Largoplazo (talk) 11:38, 17 October 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 13 August 2022

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: not moved. (closed by non-admin page mover) – robertsky (talk) 18:28, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

Hebrew alphabet → Hebrew script – It is an abjad not an alphabet. AleksiB 1945 (talk) 13:56, 13 August 2022 (UTC)

The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.
 * STRONGLY OPPOSE --"Abjad" in this meaning is a neologism which didn't exist until the 1990s. For centuries before that, and still often after that, people spoke of a "consonantal alphabet" if any greater precision was needed.  If the titles of the "Arabic alphabet" article etc. doesn't change, then the title of this article should not change.  There's some discussion of this issue at Talk:Arabic alphabet, where a move for that article was basically rejected (though not a formal proposal with template). AnonMoos (talk) 22:05, 13 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose Stop making these proposals on every abjad page. Zhomron (talk) 02:04, 14 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose. Would prefer to see all these proposed moves in one place.  Can an admin do that?  Walrasiad (talk) 13:46, 14 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Comment. The fact that somebody a few decades ago gave distinctive names to subsets of what had been called alphabets all along doesn't mean they aren't still widely known as alphabets. While the terms are useful, he hardly had the power to declare abjads and abugidas to be non-alphabets as opposed to subsets of the set of alphabets. As for what people are actually naming the Hebrew writing system these days, for what it's worth, the Google ngrams chart is here. "Hebrew abjad" isn't found at all in Google's corpus. Largoplazo (talk) 22:31, 14 August 2022 (UTC)
 * Oppose per ngrams. "Abjad" is a neologism, as others have said, and "Hebrew alphabet" has been around forever. Srnec (talk) 16:15, 20 August 2022 (UTC)

Pronunciation of sofit letters
It might be more helpful if the pronunciation examples given for the sofit forms contained that consonant at the end of the word, rather than at the beginning, as they now do. For example, for the letter /mɛm/, use "m as in Tom", rather than "m as in mother". Thomprod (talk) 19:02, 24 August 2022 (UTC)

Holam vowel sound
I pronounce as in login, not joke. 2.96.206.170 (talk) 00:37, 10 March 2023 (UTC)

Possible external link
According to a comment in the EL section, so I'm heeding this and humbly proposing to add a link to this quiz tool, which can be used to aid the memorization of Hebrew letters. 82.43.190.243 (talk) 20:39, 19 March 2023 (UTC)

there is a very strange line break in the fourth paragraph
the line break in question is separating the two words of matres lectionis, I would fix it but i do not know what is causing the line break and i did attempt to guess what was breaking it unsuccessfully, this could just be the device im reading it on but as of writing i lack the resources to verify that thesis. If someone could either reprehend my issue or reprimand the article's formatting that would be phenomenal.`

Caucasianhamburger (talk) 13:55, 27 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I don't see a line break between the two words in my browser (Chrome on Windows 10). Largoplazo (talk) 20:20, 27 March 2023 (UTC)
 * I changed the template on the Hebrew letters in the paragraph. Does it look right now? 82.43.190.243 (talk) 00:20, 28 March 2023 (UTC)
 * thank you, it looks better now, and i am on a chromebook running google chrome
 * Caucasianhamburger (talk) 13:19, 28 March 2023 (UTC)

Poor pronunciation example?
I don't speak Hebrw, but it doesn't make sense to suggest "t as in tool" for [θ]. This is the case in a table for תָו /sɔv/, /sɔf/ /θav/ t as in tool Espensj (talk) 08:11, 21 April 2023 (UTC)

IPA for ע (ayin)
In the alphabet table of the Pronunciation section, I see "[o]~[ō]" as the sound value given for ע (ayin). Isn't that a typo? Compare e.g. with the pronunciation key page indicating [ʔ] as ayin's modern Israeli phonetic value.

Would someone competent check it out? Thank you. Javítgató (talk) 09:37, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

 * Pbly a character mischoice / encoding glitch. Contradicts even the approximation in the far right cell of the same row: "When ʔ, as in button [ˈbʌʔn̩] or clipboard [ˌklɪʔˈbɔɹd]. When ʕ, no English equivalent."
 * So please revise it, thanks in advance. Javítgató (talk) 11:44, 19 May 2023 (UTC)

Pronunciation of alef
The previous description of the pronunciation of alef (a as in father) was useless, but the new version "When ʔ, as in button [ˈbʌʔn̩] or clipboard [ˌklɪʔˈbɔɹd]" is not better. Although some English speakers pronounce button as /ˈbʌʔn̩/ (which is called "t-glottalisation"), the t is pronounced and there is no glottal stop in both standard British and standard US pronunciations: /ˈbʌtn/, /ˈbətn/, or similar. Check a dictionary. The second example, clipboard is a possibility but the given IPA omits the p for some reason despite it being always pronounced. About the closest English gets to a glottal stop is the cut between the p and the b, so /ˈklɪpʔbɔrd/, /ˈklɪpʔboʊrd/ are imperfect but perhaps close enough to give someone the idea if they aren't familiar with glottal stops. But really all this is saying is that alef used as a glottal stop is pronounced as a glottal stop (using IPA to explain IPA is a flawed idea). This omits that on a great many occasions it is pronounced as a vowel, as in the table here, and that in the absence of nikkud you just have to know the word. Zerotalk 05:21, 3 March 2024 (UTC)
 * I (the person responsible for that change) agree with you 80%. I was just trying to make quick work of it by copying the unhelpful guidance already given for ayin. However their pronunciation as a glottal stop is reflected in the right-hand column should match.
 * The sound actually matches the glottal stop that English words that "start" with a vowel actually start with when spoken in isolation or at the beginning of an utterance (given that the column header says "European", I can note, for example, that this is true as well in, for example, German), but that's pointless to explain to the average English speaker because it isn't phonemic and the non-linguistically informed among us aren't aware of it. For English speakers who are aware that "Baal" has two syllables, it would be useful to explain that it's what comes between the two consonants. I'm just tossing out ideas here. Another option would be "no equivalent English phoneme, basically silent".
 * I disagree with "This omits that on a great many occasions it is pronounced as a vowel". As I noted in one of my edit summaries, that's no more true than it would be to say "On a great many occasions bet is pronounced as [b] + vowel." The convention is that the letters represent consonants, that vowels aren't written (except when pointing is used), and that some of the consonants may stand as matres lectionis. Largoplazo (talk) 10:33, 3 March 2024 (UTC)
 * Since we aren't trying to write an academic treatise, but rather an article accessible to a reader who knows little or nothing about Hebrew pronunciation, "consonants may stand as matres lectionis" is true but suboptimal. If we click on mater lectionis, we read "consonants that are used to indicate a vowel", so the simplest thing is to shortcut the technical language and acknowledge that sometimes alef in a word indicates a vowel. It isn't about nikkud, which was a late invention to document pronunciation that already existed. Zerotalk 02:12, 4 March 2024 (UTC)
 * ... so the simplest thing is to shortcut the technical language and acknowledge that sometimes alef in a word indicates a vowel is simple but pointlessly inaccurate for the same reason as, as I've already pointed out, we don't say that "sometimes bet is pronounced like [b] plus a vowel, that gimel is sometimes pronounced like [g] plus a vowel" etc. The comparable thing to do, if keeping it simple is the goal, is to say it's silent. There's no more reason to account for vowels explicitly when they follow aleph than there is when they follow a consonant familiar to English speakers, and it's confusing to do so. Just saying that aleph is silent will give the impression to a reader who doesn't understand that the vowels are unwritten that אמרתם is pronounced [mʁtm], which, of course, isn't true, but giving the impression that it's pronounced [amʁtm] is less helpful than that, as the explicit mention of the vowel only for the aleph implies that it is the only vowel in the word. Largoplazo (talk) 04:39, 4 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Hebrew alphabet


text:
Honda

Honda Motor Co., Ltd. (本田技研工業株式会社) is a Japanese public multinational conglomerate manufacturer of automobiles, motorcycles, and battery-powered equipment, headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan.

Honda has been the world's largest motorcycle manufacturer since 1959, reaching a production of 400 million by the end of 2019. It is also the world's largest manufacturer of internal combustion engines measured by volume, producing more than 14 million internal combustion engines each year. Honda became the second-largest Japanese automobile manufacturer in 2001. In 2015, Honda was the eighth largest automobile manufacturer in the world.

Honda was the first Japanese automobile manufacturer to release a dedicated luxury brand, Acura, in 1986. Aside from their core automobile and motorcycle businesses, Honda also manufactures garden equipment, marine engines, personal watercraft, power generators, and other products. Since 1986, Honda has been involved with artificial intelligence/robotics research and released their ASIMO robot in 2000. They have also ventured into aerospace with the establishment of GE Honda Aero Engines in 2004 and the Honda HA-420 HondaJet, which began production in 2012. Honda has two joint-ventures in China: Dongfeng Honda and GAC Honda.

In 2013, Honda invested about 5.7% (US$6.8 billion) of its revenues into research and development. Also in 2013, Honda became the first Japanese automaker to be a net exporter from the United States, exporting 108,705 Honda and Acura models, while importing only 88,357.

History

Throughout his life, Honda's founder, Soichiro Honda (1906–1991), had an interest in automobiles. He worked as a mechanic at the Art Shokai garage, where he tuned cars and entered them in races. In 1937, with financing from his acquaintance Kato Shichirō, Honda founded Tōkai Seiki (Eastern Sea Precision Machine Company) to make piston rings working out of the Art Shokai garage. After initial failures, Tōkai Seiki won a contract to supply piston rings to Toyota, but lost the contract due to the poor quality of their products. After attending engineering school without graduating, and visiting factories around Japan to better understand Toyota's quality control processes known as "Five whys", by 1941 Honda was able to mass-produce piston rings acceptable to Toyota, using an automated process that could employ even unskilled wartime laborers.

Tōkai Seiki was placed under the control of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (called the Ministry of Munitions after 1943) at the start of World War II, and Soichiro Honda was demoted from president to senior managing director after Toyota took a 40% stake in the company. Honda also aided the war effort by assisting other companies in automating the production of military aircraft propellers. The relationships Honda cultivated with personnel at Toyota, Nakajima Aircraft Company and the Imperial Japanese Navy would be instrumental in the postwar period. A US B-29 bomber attack destroyed Tōkai Seiki's Yamashita plant in 1944, and the Itawa plant collapsed on 13 January 1945 Mikawa earthquake. Soichiro Honda sold the salvageable remains of the company to Toyota after the war for ¥450,000 and used the proceeds to found the Honda Technical Research Institute in October 1946.

With a staff of 12 men working in a 16 m2 shack, they built and sold improvised motorized bicycles, using a supply of 500 two-stroke 50 cc Tohatsu war surplus radio generator engines. When the engines ran out, Honda began building their own copy of the Tohatsu engine, and supplying these to customers to attach to their bicycles. This was the Honda A-Type, nicknamed the Bata Bata for the sound the engine made. In 1949, the Honda Technical Research Institute was liquidated for ¥1,000,000, or about US$5,000 today; these funds were used to incorporate Honda Motor Co., Ltd. At about the same time Honda hired engineer Kihachiro Kawashima, and Takeo Fujisawa who provided indispensable business and marketing expertise to complement Soichiro Honda's technical bent. The close partnership between Soichiro Honda and Fujisawa lasted until they stepped down together in October 1973.

The first complete motorcycle with both the frame and engine made by Honda was the 1949 D-Type, the first Honda to go by the name Dream. In 1961, Honda achieved its first Grand Prix victories and World Championships in the 125 cc and 250 cc categories. Honda Motor Company grew in a short time to become the world's largest manufacturer of motorcycles by 1964. The first production automobile from Honda was the T360 mini pick-up truck, which went on sale in August 1963. Powered by a small 356 cc straight-4 gasoline engine, it was classified under the cheaper Kei car tax bracket. The second production car from Honda was the S500 sports car, which followed the T360 into production in October 1963. Its chain-driven rear wheels pointed to Honda's motorcycle origins.

Over the next few decades, Honda worked to expand its product line, operations and exports to numerous countries around the world. In 1986, Honda introduced the successful Acura brand to the American market in an attempt to gain ground in the luxury vehicle market. The year 1991 saw the introduction of the Honda NSX supercar, the first all-aluminum monocoque vehicle that incorporated a mid-engine V6 with variable-valve timing.

In 1990, CEO Tadashi Kume was succeeded by Nobuhiko Kawamoto. Kawamoto was selected over Shoichiro Irimajiri, who oversaw the successful establishment of Honda of America Manufacturing, Inc. in Marysville, Ohio. Irimajiri and Kawamoto shared a friendly rivalry within Honda; owing to health issues, Irimajiri would resign in 1992.

Following the death of Soichiro Honda and the departure of Irimajiri, Honda found itself quickly being outpaced in product development by other Japanese automakers and was caught off-guard by the truck and sport utility vehicle boom of the 1990s, all which took a toll on the profitability of the company. Japanese media reported in 1992 and 1993 that Honda was at serious risk of an unwanted and hostile takeover by Mitsubishi Motors, which at the time was a larger automaker by volume and was flush with profits from its successful Pajero and Diamante models.

Kawamoto acted quickly to change Honda's corporate culture, rushing through market-driven product development that resulted in recreational vehicles such as the first-generation Odyssey and the CR-V, and a refocusing away from some of the numerous sedans and coupes that were popular with the company's engineers but not with the buying public. The most shocking change to Honda came when Kawamoto ended the company's successful participation in Formula One after the 1992 season, citing costs in light of the takeover threat from Mitsubishi as well as the desire to create a more environmentally friendly company image.

The Honda Aircraft Company as established in 2006 as a wholly owned subsidiary to manufacture and sell the HondaJet family of aircraft. The first deliveries to customers began in December 2015.

On 23 February 2015, Honda announced that CEO and President Takanobu Ito would step down and be replaced by Takahiro Hachigo in June of that year; additional retirements by senior managers and directors were expected.

In October 2019, Honda was reported to be in talks with Hitachi to merge the two companies' car parts businesses, creating a components supplier with almost $17 billion in annual sales.

In January 2020, Honda announced that it would be withdrawing employees working in the city of Wuhan, Hubei, China due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On 23 March 2020 due to the global spread of the virus, Honda became the first major automaker with operations in the US to suspend production in its factories. It resumed automobile, engine and transmission production at its US plants on 11 May 2020.

Honda and General Motors announced in September 2020 a North American alliance to begin in 2021. According to The Detroit Free Press, "The proposed alliance will include sharing a range of vehicles, to be sold under each company's distinct brands, as well as cooperation in purchasing, research and development, and connected services."

In 2021, Honda announced its intention to become the world's first carmaker to sell a vehicle with level 3 self-driving technology.

In March 2022, Honda announced it would develop and build electric vehicles in a joint venture with Sony. The latter is set to provide its imaging, sensing, network and other technologies while Honda would be responsible for the car manufacturing processes. The venture is set to fully launch later in 2022 with the release of first cars scheduled for 2025.

In 2023, Honda announced a deal with American car company General Motors to produce cars using a new hydrogen fuel system. The aim is to ramp up the hydrogen powered cells in their Electric vehicles as well as trucks, construction machinery, and power stations.

In 2023, Honda recalled 500,000 vehicles in the United States and Canada due to an issue with seat belts in the car not latching correctly. Among the models recalled were the 2017-2020 CR-V, the 2018 and 2019 Accord, the 2018-2020 Odyssey, the 2019 Insight, and the Acura RDX from 2019 and 2020. According to the recall, the seat belts in the front seats would break open on impact increasing the risk of injury in a crash.

On 31 December 2023, Honda announced a global recall of about 4.5 million vehicles, including 2.54 million in the U.S., over fuel pump failures, following earlier recalls in 2021 and 2020 for the same issue.

Senior leadership

 * Chairman: Toshiaki Mikoshiba (since April 2019)
 * President and Chief Executive: Toshihiro Mibe (since April 2021)

Corporate profile and divisions
Honda is headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Their shares trade on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange, as well as exchanges in Osaka, Nagoya, Sapporo, Kyoto, Fukuoka, London, Paris, and Switzerland.

The company has assembly plants around the globe. These plants are located in China, the United States, Pakistan, Canada, England, Japan, Belgium, Brazil, México, New Zealand, Malaysia, Indonesia, India, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Turkey, Taiwan, Perú and Argentina. As of July 2010, 89% of Honda and Acura vehicles sold in the United States were built in North American plants, up from 82.2% a year earlier. This shields profits from the yen's advance to a 15-year high against the dollar.

American Honda Motor Company is based in Torrance, California. Honda Racing Corporation (HRC) is Honda's motorsport division. Honda Canada Inc. is headquartered in Markham, Ontario, it was originally planned to be located in Richmond Hill, Ontario, but delays led them to look elsewhere. Their manufacturing division, Honda of Canada Manufacturing, is based in Alliston, Ontario. Honda has also created joint ventures around the world, such as Honda Siel Cars and Hero Honda Motorcycles in India, Guangzhou Honda and Dongfeng Honda in China, Boon Siew Honda in Malaysia and Honda Atlas in Pakistan. The company also runs a business innovation initiative called Honda Xcelerator, in order to build relationships with innovators, partner with Silicon Valley startups and entrepreneurs, and help other companies work on prototypes. Xcelerator had worked with reportedly 40 companies as of January 2019. Xcelerator and a developer studio are part of the Honda Innovations group, formed in Spring 2017 and based in Mountain View, California. Through Honda Mobilityland, Honda also operate the Suzuka Circuit and Twin Ring Motegi racing tracks.

Following the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in Japan, Honda announced plans to halve production at its UK plants. The decision was made to put staff at the Swindon plant on a 2-day week until the end of May as the manufacturer struggled to source supplies from Japan. It's thought around 22,500 cars were produced during this period.

For the fiscal year 2018, Honda reported earnings of US$9.534 billion, with an annual revenue of US$138.250 billion, an increase of 6.2% over the previous fiscal cycle. Honda's shares traded at over $32 per share, and its market capitalization was valued at US$50.4 billion in October 2018.

Automobiles

Honda's automotive manufacturing ambitions can be traced back to 1963, with the Honda T360, a Kei truck built for the Japanese market. This was followed by the two-door roadster, the Honda S500 also introduced in 1963. In 1965, Honda built a two-door commercial delivery van, named the Honda L700. Honda's first four-door sedan was not the Honda Accord, but the air-cooled, four-cylinder, gasoline-powered Honda 1300 which was introduced in 1969. The Civic was a hatchback that gained wide popularity internationally, but it wasn't the first two-door hatchback built by Honda. That was the Honda N360, a Kei car that was adapted for international sale as the N600. The Civic, which appeared in 1972 and replaced the N600 also had a smaller sibling that replaced the air-cooled N360, called the Honda Life, which was water-cooled.

The Honda Life represented Honda's efforts in competing in the kei car segment, offering sedan, delivery van and small pick-up platforms on a shared chassis. The Life Step Van had a novel approach that, while not initially a commercial success, appeared to be an influence to vehicles with the front passengers sitting behind the engine, a large cargo area with a flat roof and a liftgate installed in back, and utilizing a transversely installed engine with a front-wheel-drive powertrain.

As Honda entered into automobile manufacturing in the late 1960s where Japanese manufacturers such as Toyota and Nissan had been making cars since before WWII, Honda instilled a sense of doing things a little differently than its Japanese competitors. Its mainstay products like the Accord and Civic (with the exception of its USA-market 1993–97 Passport which was part of a vehicle exchange program with Isuzu (part of the Subaru-Isuzu joint venture)) have always employed Front-wheel drive powertrain implementation, which is currently a long-held Honda tradition. Honda also installed new technologies into their products, first as optional equipment, then later standard, like anti-lock brakes, speed-sensitive power steering, and multi-port fuel injection in the early 1980s. This desire to be the first to try new approaches is evident with the creation of the first Japanese luxury chain Acura, and was also evident with the all-aluminum, mid-engined sports car, the Honda NSX, which also introduced variable valve timing technology, which Honda calls VTEC.

The Civic family is a line of compact cars developed and manufactured by Honda. In North America, the Civic is the second-longest continuously running nameplate from a Japanese manufacturer; only its perennial rival, the Toyota Corolla, introduced in 1966, has been in production longer. The Civic, along with the Accord and Prelude, comprised Honda's vehicles sold in North America until the 1990s, when the model lineup was expanded. Having gone through several generational changes, the Civic has become larger and more upmarket, and it currently slots between the Fit and Accord.

Honda's first hybrid electric vehicle was the 1999 Insight. The Civic was first offered as a hybrid in 2001, and the Accord followed in 2004. In 2008, the company launched the Clarity, a fuel cell car.

In 2008, Honda increased global production to meet the demand for small cars and hybrids in the U.S. and emerging markets. The company shuffled U.S. production to keep factories busy and boost car output while building fewer minivans and sport utility vehicles as light truck sales fell.

Its first entrance into the pickup segment, the light-duty Ridgeline, won Truck of the Year from Motor Trend magazine in 2006. Also in 2006, the redesigned Civic won Car of the Year from the magazine, giving Honda a rare double win of Motor Trend honors.

It is reported that Honda plans to increase hybrid sales in Japan to more than 20% of its total sales in the fiscal year 2011, from 14.8% in the previous year.

Five of United States Environmental Protection Agency's top ten most fuel-efficient cars from 1984 to 2010 come from Honda, more than any other automakers. The five models are: 2000–2006 Honda Insight (53 mpgus combined), 1986–1987 Honda Civic Coupe HF (46 mpgus combined), 1994–1995 Honda Civic hatchback VX (43 mpgus combined), 2006– Honda Civic Hybrid (42 mpgus combined), and 2010– Honda Insight (41 mpgus combined). The ACEEE has also rated the Civic GX as the greenest car in America for seven consecutive years.

Honda currently builds vehicles in factories located in Japan, the United States of America, Canada, China, Pakistan, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Brazil, Indonesia, India, Thailand, Turkey, Argentina, Mexico, Taiwan, and the Philippines.

Motorcycles

Honda is the largest motorcycle manufacturer in Japan and has been since it started production in 1955. At its peak in 1982, Honda manufactured almost three million motorcycles annually. By 2006, this figure had been reduced to around 550,000 but was still higher than its three domestic competitors.

In 2017, India became the largest motorcycle market for Honda. In India, Honda is leading in the scooters segment, with 59% market share.

During the 1960s when it was a small manufacturer, Honda broke out of the Japanese motorcycle market and began exporting to the United States. Working with the advertising agency Grey Advertising, Honda created an innovative marketing campaign, using the slogan "You meet the nicest people on a Honda." In contrast to the prevailing negative stereotypes of motorcyclists in America as tough, antisocial rebels, this campaign suggested that Honda motorcycles were made for the everyman. The campaign was hugely successful; the ads ran for three years, and by the end of 1963 alone, Honda had sold 90,000 motorcycles.

Taking Honda's story as an archetype of the smaller manufacturer entering a new market already occupied by highly dominant competitors, the story of their market entry, and their subsequent huge success in the U.S. and around the world has been the subject of some academic controversy. Competing explanations have been advanced to explain Honda's strategy and the reasons for their success.

The first of these explanations was put forward when, in 1975, the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) was commissioned by the UK government to write a report explaining why and how the British motorcycle industry had been out-competed by its Japanese competitors. The report concluded that the Japanese firms, including Honda, had sought a very high scale of production (they had made a large number of motorbikes) in order to benefit from economies of scale and learning curve effects. It blamed the decline of the British motorcycle industry on the failure of British managers to invest enough in their businesses to profit from economies of scale and scope.

The second explanation was offered in 1984 by Richard Pascale, who had interviewed the Honda executives responsible for the firm's entry into the U.S. market. As opposed to the tightly focused strategy of low cost and high scale that BCG accredited to Honda, Pascale found that their entry into the U.S. market was a story of "miscalculation, serendipity, and organizational learning" – in other words, Honda's success was due to the adaptability and hard work of its staff, rather than any long-term strategy. For example, Honda's initial plan on entering the US market was to compete in large motorcycles, around 300 cc. Honda's motorcycles in this class suffered performance and reliability problems when ridden the relatively long distances of the US highways. When the team found that the scooters they were using to get themselves around their U.S. base of San Francisco attracted positive interest from consumers they fell back on selling the Super Cub instead.

The most recent school of thought on Honda's strategy was put forward by Gary Hamel and C. K. Prahalad in 1989. Creating the concept of core competencies with Honda as an example, they argued that Honda's success was due to its focus on leadership in the technology of internal combustion engines. For example, the high power-to-weight ratio engines Honda produced for its racing bikes provided technology and expertise which was transferable into mopeds. Honda's entry into the U.S. motorcycle market during the 1960s is used as a case study for teaching introductory strategy at business schools worldwide.

ATVs
Honda builds utility ATVs under models Recon, Rubicon, Rancher, Foreman and Rincon. Honda also builds sports ATVs under the models TRX 90X, TRX 250X, TRX 400x, TRX 450R and TRX 700.

Power equipment
Power equipment production started in 1953 with H-type engine (prior to motorcycles).

Honda power equipment reached record sales in 2007 with 6.4 million units sold annually. By 2010 (Fiscal year ended 31 March) this figure had decreased to 4.7 million units. Cumulative production of power products has exceeded 85 million units annually (as of September 2008).

In September 2023, Honda ceased sales of gasoline lawn mowers and some other power equipment in the US.

Honda power equipment includes: • Engine

• Brush Cutters

• Tillers

• Marine Outboard Motors

• Water Pumps

• Cultivator

• Lawn mower

• Robotic lawn mower

• Riding mower

• Trimmer

• Mower

• Blower

• Sprayer

• Hedge trimmer

• Snowthrower

• Generator, welding power supply

• Pump

• Outboard engine

• Inflatable boat

• Electric 4-wheel Scooter

• Compact Household Cogeneration Unit

Engines
Honda engines powered the entire 33-car starting field of the 2010 Indianapolis 500 and for the fifth consecutive race, there were no engine-related retirements during the running of the Memorial Day Classic.

In the 1980s Honda developed the GY6 engine for use in motor scooters. Although no longer manufactured by Honda, it's still commonly used in many Chinese, Korean and Taiwanese light vehicles.

Honda, despite being known as an engine company, has never built a V8 engine for passenger vehicles. In the late 1990s, the company resisted considerable pressure from its American dealers for a V8 engine (which would have seen use in top-of-the-line Honda SUVs and Acuras), with American Honda reportedly sending one dealer a shipment of V8 beverages to silence them. Honda considered starting V8 production in the mid-2000s for larger Acura sedans, a new version of the high-end NSX sports car (which previously used DOHC V6 engines with VTEC to achieve its high power output) and possible future ventures into the American full-size truck and SUV segment for both the Acura and Honda brands, but this was canceled in late 2008, with Honda citing environmental and worldwide economic conditions as reasons for the termination of this project.

Robots
ASIMO is part of Honda's Research & Development robotics program. It's the eleventh in a line of successive builds starting in 1986 with Honda E0 moving through the ensuing Honda E series and the Honda P series. Weighing 54 kilograms and standing 130 centimeters tall, ASIMO resembles a small astronaut wearing a backpack, and can walk on two feet in a manner resembling human locomotion, at up to 6 km/h. ASIMO is the world's only humanoid robot able to ascend and descend stairs independently. However, human motions such as climbing stairs are difficult to mimic with a machine, which ASIMO has demonstrated by taking two plunges off a staircase.

Honda's robot ASIMO (see below) as an R&D project brings together expertise to create a robot that walks, dances and navigates steps. 2010 marks the year Honda developed a machine capable of reading a user's brainwaves to move ASIMO. The system uses a helmet covered with electroencephalography and near-infrared spectroscopy sensors that monitor electrical brainwaves and cerebral blood flow signals that alter slightly during the human thought process. The user thinks of one of the limited number of gestures it wants from the robot, which has been fitted with a Brain-Machine Interface.

Aircraft
Honda has also pioneered new technology in its HA-420 HondaJet, manufactured by its subsidiary Honda Aircraft Company, which allows new levels of reduced drag, increased aerodynamics and fuel efficiency thus reducing operating costs.

Mountain bikes
Honda has also built a downhill racing bicycle known as the Honda RN-01. It is not available for sale to the public. The bike has a gearbox, which replaces the standard derailleur found on most bikes.

Honda has hired several people to pilot the bike, among them Greg Minnaar. The team is known as Team G Cross Honda.

Solar cells
Honda's solar cell subsidiary company Honda Soltec (Headquarters: Kikuchi-gun, Kumamoto; President and CEO: Akio Kazusa) started sales throughout Japan of thin-film solar cells for public and industrial use on October 24, 2008, after selling solar cells for residential use in October 2007. Honda announced in the end of October 2013 that Honda Soltec would cease business operations in the Spring of 2014 except for support for existing customers and the subsidiary would be dissolved.

Motorsports
Honda has been active in motorsports, like Formula One, MotoGP and others, since the early years of the company. Since 2022, Honda's general motorsport activities have been managed by its motorsport subsidiary Honda Racing Corporation (HRC). Prior to 2022, Honda's motorcycle racing activities were run by HRC since it was founded in 1982, while its automobile racing activities were run as projects within the Honda Motor Company itself. Honda Performance Development (HPD) was established in 1993 as the company's North American motorsport subsidiary, and for 2024 HPD became Honda Racing Corporation USA (HRC US) to form a global motorsports organization. Honda also owns two Japanese race tracks, the Suzuka Circuit and Mobility Resort Motegi (formerly Twin Ring Motegi), which it established in 1962 and 1997, respectively, and which are managed by Honda Mobilityland.

Automobiles
Honda entered Formula One for the first time in 1964, just one year after starting the production of road cars, making both engine and chassis. Honda achieved their first victory at the 1965 Mexican Grand Prix, and another win at the 1967 Italian Grand Prix, before they withdrew after the 1968 season. They returned to the sport in 1983 as an engine manufacturer, remaining until 1992. This period saw Honda dominate Grand Prix racing, as between 1986 and 1991 they won five consecutive Drivers' Championships with Nelson Piquet, Ayrton Senna and Alain Prost, and six Constructors' titles with Williams and McLaren. A third stint from 2000 to 2008, initially as engine maker and later also as team owner, yielded 17 podiums, including one win, and second place in the 2004 constructors' standings. They returned as a power unit supplier for the second year of the hybrid era in 2015 and initially struggled, but intense development saw them become race winners again by 2019, and in 2021 they won the World Drivers' Championship with Max Verstappen and Red Bull Racing. Honda formally left Formula One after 2021 to focus its resources on carbon neutral technologies, but an arrangement was made for it to extend power unit supply for Red Bull until 2025. As the series introduced more sustainable regulations, Honda announced it will formally rejoin in 2026 to provide power units to Aston Martin as a works team.

Honda debuted in the CART IndyCar World Series as an engine supplier in 1994, and the company won six consecutive Drivers' Championships and four Manufacturers' Championships between 1996 and 2001. In 2003, Honda transferred its effort to the IRL IndyCar Series. In 2004, Honda won the Indianapolis 500 for the first time and claimed the Drivers' and Manufacturers' Championships, a feat which it repeated in 2005. From 2006 to 2011, Honda was the series' lone manufacturer, before manufacturer competition returned for 2012. Since 2012, Honda's turbocharged V6 engines have won the Indianapolis 500 several times as well as claimed multiple Drivers' and Manufacturers' titles. In the Japanese Super Formula Championship, Honda-powered cars have won the championship numerous times since 1981, with their title tally in the double digits. In Formula Two, Honda engines dominated the premier series in 1966 and scored multiple titles in the early 1980s.

In sports car racing, Honda won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in 1995 in the GT2 class, and in 2010 and 2012 they won in the LMP2 category. Honda made their factory debut in the Super GT Series (previously known as the All-Japan GT Championship) in 1997, and in 2000 they won their first championships. Since then, they have won several further titles, uniquely with both mid- and front-engined cars. Through their Acura and HPD divisions, Honda has also competed in sports prototype racing, beginning with the Spice-Acura prototypes that won the IMSA GT Lights championship in 1991, 1992 and 1993. Acura joined the American Le Mans Series in 2007 and won the 12 Hours of Sebring in class on their debut, before winning the championship in both the LMP1 and LMP2 classes in 2009. The cars were rebranded as HPDs for 2010, after which they won multiple titles in the ALMS and also won the FIA World Endurance Championship in the LMP2 class. Acura returned to prototype racing in 2018 in the DPi class of the IMSA SportsCar Championship, winning championship titles in 2019, 2020 and 2022 as well as the 24 Hours of Daytona overall in 2021, 2022, and 2023. Honda's GT3 car won both the IMSA GTD and Super GT GT300 titles.

During the Group A era of the Japanese Touring Car Championship, Honda won seven manufacturers' titles and six drivers' titles in the sub-1,600 cc division between 1986 and 1993. The following Super Touring era of touring car racing saw Honda win the Japanese and North American championships in 1996 and 1997, while in Europe Honda's Super Touring cars claimed over 40 wins across the British, German and European series. After the collapse of the Super Touring regulations in the early 2000s, Honda remained involved in the British Touring Car Championship, where their cars would win multiple championships in the mid-2000s and throughout the 2010s. Honda entered the World Touring Car Championship in late 2012, and in 2013 they won the Manufacturers' World Championship. Honda's TCR car won the global TCR Model of the Year award in 2019 and 2020.

Motorcycles
HRC combines participation in motorcycle races throughout the world with the development of high-potential racing machines. Its racing activities are an important source for the creation of leading-edge technologies used in the development of Honda motorcycles. HRC also contributes to the advancement of motorcycle sports through a range of activities that include sales of production racing motorcycles, support for satellite teams, and rider education programs.

Soichiro Honda, being a race driver himself, could not stay out of international motorsport. In 1959, Honda entered five motorcycles into the Isle of Man TT race, the most prestigious motorcycle race in the world. While always having powerful engines, it took until 1961 for Honda to tune their chassis well enough to allow Mike Hailwood to claim their first Grand Prix victories in the 125 and 250 cc classes. Hailwood would later pick up their first Senior TT wins in 1966 and 1967. Honda's race bikes were known for their "sleek & stylish design" and exotic engine configurations, such as the 5-cylinder, 22,000 rpm, 125 cc bike and their 6-cylinder 250 cc and 297 cc bikes.

In 1979, Honda returned to Grand Prix motorcycle racing with the monocoque-framed, four-stroke NR500. The FIM rules limited engines to four cylinders, so the NR500 had non-circular, 'race-track', cylinders, each with 8 valves and two connecting rods, in order to provide sufficient valve area to compete with the dominant two-stroke racers. Unfortunately, it seemed Honda tried to accomplish too much at one time and the experiment failed. For the 1982 season, Honda debuted its first two-stroke race bike, the NS500 and in, Honda won their first 500 cc Grand Prix World Championship with Freddie Spencer. Since then, Honda has become a dominant marque in motorcycle Grand Prix racing, winning a plethora of top-level titles with riders such as Mick Doohan and Valentino Rossi. Honda also head the number of wins at the Isle of Man TT having notched up 227 victories in the solo classes and Sidecar TT, including Ian Hutchinson's clean sweep at the 2010 races.

The outright lap record on the Snaefell Mountain Course was held by Honda, set at the 2015 TT by John McGuinness at an average speed of 132.701 mph on a Honda CBR1000RR, bettered the next year by Michael Dunlop on a BMW S1000RR at 133.962 mi/h.

In the Motocross World Championship, Honda has claimed seventeen world championships. In the World Enduro Championship, Honda has captured eight titles, most recently with Stefan Merriman in 2003 and with Mika Ahola from 2007 to 2010. In motorcycle trials, Honda has claimed three world championships with Belgian rider Eddy Lejeune.

Compressed natural gas
The Honda Civic GX was for a long time the only purpose-built natural gas vehicle (NGV) commercially available in some parts of the U.S. The Honda Civic GX first appeared in 1998 as a factory-modified Civic LX that had been designed to run exclusively on compressed natural gas. The car looks and drives just like a contemporary Honda Civic LX, but does not run on gasoline. In 2001, the Civic GX was rated the cleanest-burning internal combustion engine in the world by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

First leased to the City of Los Angeles, in 2005, Honda started offering the GX directly to the public through factory trained dealers certified to service the GX. Before that, only fleets were eligible to purchase a new Civic GX. In 2006, the Civic GX was released in New York, making it the second state where the consumer is able to buy the car.

In June 2015, Honda announced its decision to phase out the commercialization of natural-gas powered vehicles to focus on the development of a new generation of electrified vehicles such as hybrids, plug-in electric cars and hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles. Since 2008, Honda has sold about 16,000 natural-gas vehicles, mainly to taxi and commercial fleets.

Honda Civic Clean Models USA & BRA.jpg Honda Civic

Below: U.S. Honda Civic Hybrid ]]

Flexible-fuel
Honda's Brazilian subsidiary launched flexible-fuel versions for the Honda Civic and Honda Fit in late 2006. As other Brazilian flex-fuel vehicles, these models run on any blend of hydrous ethanol (E100) and E20-E25 gasoline. Initially, and in order to test the market preferences, the carmaker decided to produce a limited share of the vehicles with flex-fuel engines, 33 percent of the Civic production and 28 percent of the Fit models. Also, the sale price for the flex-fuel version was higher than the respective gasoline versions, around US$1,000 premium for the Civic, and US$650 for the Fit, despite the fact that all other flex-fuel vehicles sold in Brazil had the same tag price as their gasoline versions. In July 2009, Honda launched in the Brazilian market its third flexible-fuel car, the Honda City.

During the last two months of 2006, both flex-fuel models sold 2,427 cars against 8,546 gasoline-powered automobiles, jumping to 41,990 flex-fuel cars in 2007, and reaching 93,361 in 2008. Due to the success of the flex versions, by early 2009 a hundred percent of Honda's automobile production for the Brazilian market is now flexible-fuel, and only a small percentage of gasoline version is produced in Brazil for exports.

In March 2009, Honda launched in the Brazilian market the first flex-fuel motorcycle in the world. Produced by its Brazilian subsidiary Moto Honda da Amazônia, the CG 150 Titan Mix is sold for around US$2,700.

Hybrid electric
In late 1999, Honda launched the first commercial hybrid electric car sold in the U.S. market, the Honda Insight, just one month before the introduction of the Toyota Prius, and initially sold for US$20,000. The first-generation Insight was produced from 2000 to 2006 and had a fuel economy of 70 mpgus for the EPA's highway rating, the most fuel-efficient mass-produced car at the time. Total global sales for the Insight amounted to only around 18,000 vehicles. Cumulative global sales reached 100,000 hybrids in 2005 and 200,000 in 2007.

Honda introduced the second-generation Insight in Japan in February 2009, and released it in other markets through 2009 and in the U.S. market in April 2009. At $19,800 as a five-door hatchback it will be the least expensive hybrid available in the U.S.

Since 2002, Honda has also been selling the Honda Civic Hybrid (2003 model) in the U.S. market. It was followed by the Honda Accord Hybrid, offered in model years 2005 through 2007. Sales of the Honda CR-Z began in Japan in February 2010, becoming Honda's third hybrid electric car in the market. , Honda was producing around 200,000 hybrids a year in Japan.

Sales of the Fit Hybrid began in Japan in October 2010, at the time, the lowest price for a gasoline-hybrid electric vehicle sold in the country. The European version, called Honda Jazz Hybrid, was released in early 2011. During 2011 Honda launched three hybrid models available only in Japan, the Fit Shuttle Hybrid, Freed Hybrid and Freed Spike Hybrid.

Honda's cumulative global hybrid sales passed the 1 million unit milestone at the end of September 2012, 12 years and 11 months after sales of the first generation Insight began in Japan November 1999. A total of 187,851 hybrids were sold worldwide in 2013, and 158,696 hybrids during the first six months of 2014. , Honda has sold more than 1.35 million hybrids worldwide.

Hydrogen fuel cell
In Takanezawa, Japan, on 16 June 2008, Honda Motors produced the first assembly-line FCX Clarity, a hybrid hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. More efficient than a gas-electric hybrid vehicle, the FCX Clarity combines hydrogen and oxygen from ordinary air to generate electricity for an electric motor. In July 2014 Honda announced the end of production of the Honda FCX Clarity for the 2015 model.

The vehicle itself does not emit any pollutants and its only by-products are heat and water. The FCX Clarity also has an advantage over gas-electric hybrids in that it does not use an internal combustion engine to propel itself. Like a gas-electric hybrid, it uses a lithium ion battery to assist the fuel cell during acceleration and capture energy through regenerative braking, thus improving fuel efficiency. The lack of hydrogen filling stations throughout developed countries will keep production volumes low. Honda will release the vehicle in groups of 150. California is the only U.S. market with infrastructure for fueling such a vehicle, though the number of stations is still limited. Building more stations is expensive, as the California Air Resources Board (CARB) granted $6.8 million for four H2 fueling stations, costing US$1.7 million each.

Honda views hydrogen fuel cell vehicles as the long-term replacement of piston cars, not battery cars.

Honda introduced the CR-V e:FCEV in February 2024 in the U.S. It is a plug-in hybrid fuel cell version of the CR-V that is equipped with an electric motor, two high-pressure hydrogen tanks with a total capacity of 4.3 kg and a 17.7 kWh battery with plug-in charging capability. It was also launched in Japan as the only version of the CR-V sold in the country, imported from the Marysville, Ohio assembly plant in the U.S. This model began production on 5 June 2024. The later revealed to includes an H2 credit.

Plug-in electric vehicles

The all-electric Honda EV Plus was introduced in 1997 as a result of CARB's zero-emissions vehicle mandate and was available only for leasing in California. The EV plus was the first battery electric vehicle from a major automaker with non-lead–acid batteries The EV Plus had an all-electric range of 100 mi. Around 276 units were sold in the U.S. and production ended in 1999.

The all-electric Honda Fit EV was introduced in 2012 and has a range of 82 mi. The all-electric car was launched in the U.S. to retail customers in July 2012 with initial availability limited to California and Oregon. Production is limited to only 1,100 units over the first three years. A total of 1,007 units have been leased in the U.S. through September 2014. The Fit EV was released in Japan through leasing to local government and corporate customers in August 2012. Availability in the Japanese market is limited to 200 units during its first two years. In July 2014 Honda announced the end of production of the Fit EV for the 2015 model.

The Honda Accord Plug-in Hybrid was introduced in 2013 and has an all-electric range of 13 mi Sales began in the U.S. in January 2013 and the plug-in hybrid is available only in California and New York. A total of 835 units have been sold in the U.S. through September 2014. The Accord PHEV was introduced in Japan in June 2013 and is available only for leasing, primarily to corporations and government agencies.

The Honda e was launched in 2020 and has an electric range of 137 mi. It is an electric supermini that is retro styled, similar to the first-generation Honda Civic. Following this, the Honda e:Ny1 was launched in 2023, with an electric range of 256 mi on the top spec model. It is Honda's first electric SUV.

In April 2022, Honda and General Motors announced a joint venture to develop low-cost electric vehicles based on GM's Ultium architecture in order to beat Tesla vehicles in sales.

In October 2023, the two companies announced that the joint venture has been cancelled due to slower-than-expected demand of electric vehicles and changing market conditions. Although the upcoming Honda Prologue and Acura ZDX will use the Ultium architecture and will be manufactured by General Motors, future Honda electric vehicles will be designed solely by Honda and will be manufactured in Honda assembly plants.

Batteries
In August 2022, Honda and LG Energy Solution announced a joint venture to build a new lithium-ion battery factory in the US for Honda and Acura electric vehicles. At the time of the announcement, the goal was for 40 gigawatt hours.

Japanese marketing

Starting in 1978, Honda in Japan decided to diversify its sales distribution channels and created Honda Verno, which sold established products with a higher content of standard equipment and more sporting nature. The establishment of Honda Verno coincided with its new sports compact, the Honda Prelude. Later, the Honda Vigor, Honda Ballade, and Honda Quint were added to Honda Verno stores. This approach was implemented due to efforts in place by rival Japanese automakers Toyota and Nissan.

As sales progressed, Honda created two more sales channels, called Honda Clio in 1984, and Honda Primo in 1985. The Honda Clio chain sold products that were traditionally associated with Honda dealerships before 1978, like the Honda Accord, and Honda Primo sold the Honda Civic, kei cars such as the Honda Today, superminis like the Honda Capa, along with other Honda products, such as farm equipment, lawnmowers, portable generators, and marine equipment, plus motorcycles and scooters like the Honda Super Cub. A styling tradition was established when Honda Primo and Clio began operations in that all Verno products had the rear license plate installed in the rear bumper, while Primo and Clio products had the rear license plate installed on the trunk lid or rear door for minivans. The Renault Clio was sold in Japan at Nissan dealerships, but was renamed the Renault Lutecia. Lutecia is derived from the name of Lutetia, an ancient Roman city that was the predecessor of Paris. As time progressed and sales began to diminish partly due to the collapse of the Japanese "bubble economy", "supermini" and "kei" vehicles that were specific to Honda Primo were "badge engineered" and sold at the other two sales channels, thereby providing smaller vehicles that sold better at both Honda Verno and Honda Clio locations. As of March 2006, the three sales chains were discontinued, with the establishment of Honda Cars dealerships. While the network was disbanded, some Japanese Honda dealerships still use the network names, offering all Japanese market Honda cars at all locations. Honda sells genuine accessories through a separate retail chain called Honda Access for both their motorcycle, scooter, and automobile products. In cooperation with corporate group partner Pioneer, Honda sells an aftermarket line of audio and in-car navigation equipment that can be installed in any vehicle under the brand name Gathers, which is available at Honda Access locations as well as Japanese auto parts retailers, such as Autobacs. Buyers of used vehicles are directed to a specific Honda retail chain that sells only used vehicles called Honda Auto Terrace.

In the spring of 2012, Honda in Japan introduced Honda Cars Small Store which is devoted to compact cars like the Honda Fit, and kei vehicles like the Honda N-One and Honda S660 roadster.

Prelude, Integra, CR-X, Vigor, Saber, Ballade, Quint, Crossroad, Element, NSX, HR-V, Mobilio Spike, S2000, CR-V, That's, MDX, Rafaga, Capa, and the Torneo Accord, Legend, Inspire, Avancier, S-MX, Lagreat, Stepwgn, Elysion, Stream, Odyssey (int'l), Domani, Concerto, Accord Tourer, Logo, Fit, Insight, That's, Mobilio, and the City Civic, Life, Acty, Vamos, Hobio, Ascot, Ascot Innova, Torneo, Civic Ferio, Freed, Mobilio, Orthia, Capa, Today, Z, and the Beat
 * All cars sold at Honda Verno
 * All cars sold at Honda Clio
 * All cars sold at Honda Primo

International marketing
In 2003, Honda released its Cog advertisement in the UK and on the Internet. To make the ad, the engineers at Honda constructed a Rube Goldberg Machine made entirely out of car parts from a Honda Accord Touring. To the chagrin of the engineers at Honda, all the parts were taken from two of only six hand-assembled pre-production models of the Accord. The advertisement depicted a single cog which sets off a chain of events that ends with the Honda Accord moving and Garrison Keillor speaking the tagline, "Isn't it nice when things just... work?" It took 100 takes to create the ad.

Honda has done humor marketing such as its 1985 four-page "How to fit six Hondas in a two-car garage" print ad or "descending so low in a parking garage, they pass stalagmites and a Gollum-like figure."

In 2004, they produced the Grrr advert, usually immediately followed by a shortened version of the 2005 Impossible Dream advert. In December 2005, Honda released The Impossible Dream a two-minute panoramic advertisement filmed in New Zealand, Japan, and Argentina which illustrates the founder's dream to build performance vehicles. While singing the song "Impossible Dream", a man reaches for his racing helmet, leaves his trailer on a minibike, then rides a succession of vintage Honda vehicles: a motorcycle, then a car, then a powerboat, then goes over a waterfall only to reappear piloting a hot air balloon, with Garrison Keillor saying "I couldn't have put it better myself" as the song ends. The song is from the 1960s musical Man of La Mancha, sung by Andy Williams.

In 2006, Honda released its Choir advertisement, for the UK and the internet. This had a 60-person choir who sang the car noises as the film of the Honda Civic is shown.

In the mid to late 2000s in the United States, during model close-out sales for the current year before the start of the new model year, Honda's advertising has had an animated character known simply as Mr. Opportunity, voiced by Rob Paulsen. The casual-looking man talked about various deals offered by Honda and ended with the phrase "I'm Mr. Opportunity, and I'm knockin, followed by him "knocking" on the television screen or "thumping" the speaker at the end of radio ads. In addition, commercials for Honda's international hatchback, the Jazz, are parodies of well-known pop culture images such as Tetris and Thomas the Tank Engine.

In late 2006, Honda released an ad with ASIMO exploring a museum, looking at the exhibits with almost childlike wonderment (spreading out its arms in the aerospace exhibit, waving hello to an astronaut suit that resembles him, etc.), while Garrison Keillor ruminates on progress. It concludes with the tagline: "More forwards please". Honda also sponsored ITV's coverage of Formula One in the UK for 2007. However, they had announced that they would not continue in 2008 due to the sponsorship price requested by ITV being too high.

In May 2007, focuses on their strengths in racing and the use of the Red H badge – a symbol of what is termed as "Hondamentalism". The campaign highlights the lengths that Honda engineers go to in order to get the most out of an engine, whether it is for bikes, cars, powerboats – even lawnmowers. Honda released its Hondamentalism campaign. In the TV spot, Garrison Keillor says, "An engineer once said to build something great is like swimming in honey", while Honda engineers in white suits walk and run towards a great light, battling strong winds and flying debris, holding on to anything that will keep them from being blown away. Finally one of the engineers walks towards a red light, his hand outstretched. A web address is shown for the Hondamentalism website. The digital campaign aims to show how visitors to the site share many of the Hondamentalist characteristics.

At the beginning of 2008, Honda released – the Problem Playground. The advert outlines Honda's environmental responsibility, demonstrating a hybrid engine, more efficient solar panels, and the FCX Clarity, a hydrogen-powered car. The 90-second advert has large-scale puzzles, involving Rubik's Cubes, large shapes, and a 3-dimensional puzzle. On 29 May 2008, Honda, in partnership with Channel 4, broadcast a live advertisement. It showed skydivers jumping from an airplane over Spain and forming the letters H, O, N, D, and A in mid-air. This live advertisement is generally agreed to be the first of its kind on British television. The ad lasted three minutes.

In 2009, American Honda released the Dream the Impossible documentary series, a collection of 5- to 8-minute web vignettes that focus on the core philosophies of Honda. Current short films include Failure: The Secret to Success, Kick Out the Ladder and Mobility 2088. They have Honda employees as well as Danica Patrick, Christopher Guest, Ben Bova, Chee Pearlman, Joe Johnston and Orson Scott Card. The film series plays at dreams.honda.com. In the UK, national television ads feature voice-overs from American radio host Garrison Keillor, while in the US the voice of Honda commercials is actor and wrestler John Cena

In the North American market, Honda starts all of its commercials with a two-tone jingle since the mid-2010s.

Sports
The late F1 driver Ayrton Senna stated that Honda probably played the most significant role in his three world championships. He had immense respect for founder, Soichiro Honda, and had a good relationship with Nobuhiko Kawamoto, the chairman of Honda at that time. Senna once called Honda "the greatest company in the world".

As part of its marketing campaign, Honda is an official partner and sponsor of the North American National Hockey League, the Anaheim Ducks of the NHL, and the arena named after it: Honda Center. Honda also sponsored The Honda Classic golf tournament in the United States until 2023 and is a sponsor of the United States Major League Soccer. The "Honda Player of the Year" award is presented in United States soccer. The "Honda Sports Award" is given to the best female athlete in each of twelve college sports in the United States. One of the twelve Honda Sports Award winners is chosen to receive the Honda-Broderick Cup, as "Collegiate Woman Athlete of the Year."

Honda sponsored La Liga club Valencia CF starting from 2014–15 season.

Honda has been a presenting sponsor of the Los Angeles Marathon since 2010 in a three-year sponsorship deal, with winners of the LA Marathon receiving a free Honda Accord. Since 1989, the Honda Campus All-Star Challenge has been a quiz bowl tournament for Historically black colleges and universities.

Production numbers
For automobiles:

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title: Honda