text:
August 24

Pre-1600

 * 367 – Gratian, son of Roman Emperor Valentinian I, is named co-Augustus at the age of eight by his father.
 * 394 – The Graffito of Esmet-Akhom, the latest known inscription in Egyptian hieroglyphs, is written.
 * 410 – The Visigoths under King Alaric I begin to pillage Rome.
 * 1185 – Sack of Thessalonica by the Normans.
 * 1200 – King John of England, signer of the first Magna Carta, marries Isabella of Angoulême in Angoulême Cathedral.
 * 1215 – Pope Innocent III issues a bull declaring Magna Carta invalid.
 * 1349 – Six thousand Jews are killed in Mainz after being blamed for the bubonic plague.
 * 1482 – The town and castle of Berwick-upon-Tweed is captured from Scotland by an English army.
 * 1516 – The Ottoman Empire under Selim I defeats the Mamluk Sultanate and captures present-day Syria at the Battle of Marj Dabiq.
 * 1561 – Willem of Orange marries duchess Anna of Saxony.

1601–1900

 * 1608 – The first official English representative to India lands in Surat.
 * 1643 – A Dutch fleet establishes a new colony in the ruins of Valdivia in southern Chile.
 * 1662 – The 1662 Book of Common Prayer is legally enforced as the liturgy of the Church of England, precipitating the Great Ejection of Dissenter ministers from their benefices.
 * 1682 – William Penn receives the area that is now the state of Delaware, and adds it to his colony of Pennsylvania.
 * 1690 – Job Charnock of the East India Company establishes a factory in Calcutta, an event formerly considered the founding of the city (in 2003 the Calcutta High Court ruled that the city's foundation date is unknown).
 * 1743 – The War of the Hats: The Swedish army surrenders to the Russians in Helsinki, ending the war and starting Lesser Wrath.
 * 1781 – American Revolutionary War: A small force of Pennsylvania militia is ambushed and overwhelmed by an American Indian group, which forces George Rogers Clark to abandon his attempt to attack Detroit.
 * 1789 – The first naval battle of the Svensksund began in the Gulf of Finland.
 * 1812 – Peninsular War: A coalition of Spanish, British, and Portuguese forces succeed in lifting the two-and-a-half-year-long Siege of Cádiz.
 * 1814 – British troops capture Washington, D.C. and set the Presidential Mansion, Capitol, Navy Yard and many other public buildings ablaze.
 * 1815 – The modern Constitution of the Netherlands is signed.
 * 1816 – The Treaty of St. Louis is signed in St. Louis, Missouri.
 * 1820 – Constitutionalist insurrection at Oporto, Portugal.
 * 1821 – The Treaty of Córdoba is signed in Córdoba, now in Veracruz, Mexico, concluding the Mexican War of Independence from Spain.
 * 1857 – The Panic of 1857 begins, setting off one of the most severe economic crises in United States history.
 * 1870 – The Wolseley expedition reaches Manitoba to end the Red River Rebellion.
 * 1898 – Count Muravyov, Foreign Minister of Russia presents a rescript that convoked the First Hague Peace Conference.

1901–present

 * 1909 – Workers start pouring concrete for the Panama Canal.
 * 1911 – Manuel de Arriaga is elected and sworn in as the first President of Portugal.
 * 1914 – World War I: German troops capture Namur.
 * 1914  – World War I: The Battle of Cer ends as the first Allied victory in the war.
 * 1929 – Second day of two-day Hebron massacre during the 1929 Palestine riots: Arab attacks on the Jewish community in Hebron in the British Mandate of Palestine, result in the death of 65–68 Jews; the remaining Jews are forced to flee the city.
 * 1931 – Resignation of the United Kingdom's Second Labour Government. Formation of the UK National Government.
 * 1932 – Amelia Earhart becomes the first woman to fly across the United States non-stop (from Los Angeles to Newark, New Jersey).
 * 1933 – The Crescent Limited train derails in Washington, D.C., after the bridge it is crossing is washed out by the 1933 Chesapeake–Potomac hurricane.
 * 1936 – The Australian Antarctic Territory is created.
 * 1937 – Spanish Civil War: the Basque Army surrenders to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontarie following the Santoña Agreement.
 * 1937  – Spanish Civil War: Sovereign Council of Asturias and León is proclaimed in Gijón.
 * 1938 – Kweilin incident: A Japanese warplane shoots down the Kweilin, a Chinese civilian airliner, killing 14. It is the first recorded instance of a civilian airliner being shot down.
 * 1941 – The Holocaust: Adolf Hitler orders the cessation of Nazi Germany's systematic T4 euthanasia program of the mentally ill and the handicapped due to protests, although killings continue for the remainder of the war.
 * 1942 – World War II: The Battle of the Eastern Solomons. Japanese aircraft carrier Ryūjō is sunk, with the loss of seven officers and 113 crewmen. The US carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6) is heavily damaged.
 * 1944 – World War II: Allied troops begin the attack on Paris.
 * 1949 – The treaty creating the North Atlantic Treaty Organization goes into effect.
 * 1950 – Edith Sampson becomes the first black U.S. delegate to the United Nations.
 * 1951 – United Air Lines Flight 615 crashes near Decoto, California, killing 50 people.
 * 1954 – The Communist Control Act goes into effect, outlawing the American Communist Party.
 * 1954  – Vice president João Café Filho takes office as president of Brazil, following the suicide of Getúlio Vargas.
 * 1963 – Buddhist crisis: As a result of the Xá Lợi Pagoda raids, the US State Department cables the United States Embassy, Saigon to encourage Army of the Republic of Vietnam generals to launch a coup against President Ngô Đình Diệm if he did not remove his brother Ngô Đình Nhu.
 * 1967 – Led by Abbie Hoffman, the Youth International Party temporarily disrupts trading at the New York Stock Exchange by throwing dollar bills from the viewing gallery, causing trading to cease as brokers scramble to grab them.
 * 1970 – Vietnam War protesters bomb Sterling Hall at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, leading to an international manhunt for the perpetrators.
 * 1981 – Mark David Chapman is sentenced to 20 years to life in prison for murdering John Lennon.
 * 1989 – Colombian drug barons declare "total war" on the Colombian government.
 * 1989  – Tadeusz Mazowiecki is chosen as the first non-communist prime minister in Central and Eastern Europe.
 * 1991 – Mikhail Gorbachev resigns as head of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
 * 1991  – Ukraine declares itself independent from the Soviet Union.
 * 1992 – Hurricane Andrew makes landfall in Homestead, Florida as a Category 5 hurricane, causing up to $25 billion (1992 USD) in damages.
 * 1995 – Microsoft Windows 95 was released to the public in North America.
 * 1998 – First radio-frequency identification (RFID) human implantation tested in the United Kingdom.
 * 2001 – Air Transat Flight 236 loses all engine power over the Atlantic Ocean, forcing the pilots to conduct an emergency landing in the Azores.
 * 2004 – Ninety passengers die after two airliners explode after flying out of Domodedovo International Airport, near Moscow. The explosions are caused by suicide bombers from Chechnya.
 * 2006 – The International Astronomical Union (IAU) redefines the term "planet" such that Pluto is now considered a dwarf planet.
 * 2008 – Sixty-five passengers are killed when Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 6895 crashes during an emergency landing at Manas International Airport in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan.
 * 2008 – A Cessna 208 Caravan crashes in Cabañas, Zacapa, Guatemala, killing 11 people.
 * 2010 – In San Fernando, Tamaulipas, Mexico, 72 illegal immigrants are killed by Los Zetas and eventually found dead by Mexican authorities.
 * 2010 – Henan Airlines Flight 8387 crashes at Yichun Lindu Airport in Yichun, Heilongjiang, China, killing 44 out of the 96 people on board.
 * 2010 – Agni Air Flight 101 crashes near Shikharpur, Makwanpur, Nepal, killing all 14 people on board.
 * 2012 – Anders Behring Breivik, perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks, is sentenced to 21 years of preventive detention.
 * 2014 – A magnitude 6.0 earthquake strikes the San Francisco Bay Area; it is the largest in that area since 1989.
 * 2016 – An earthquake strikes Central Italy with a magnitude of 6.2, with aftershocks felt as far as Rome and Florence. Around 300 people are killed.
 * 2016 – Proxima Centauri b, the closest exoplanet to Earth, is discovered by the European Southern Observatory.
 * 2017 – The National Space Agency of Taiwan successfully launches the observation satellite Formosat-5 into space.
 * 2020 – Erin O’Toole is elected leader of the Conservative Party of Canada.
 * 2023 – Japan officially begins discharging treated radioactive water from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean, sparking international concerns and condemnation.

Pre-1600

 * 1016 – Fujiwara no Genshi, Japanese empress consort (d. 1039)
 * 1113 – Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou (d. 1151)
 * 1198 – Alexander II of Scotland (d. 1249)
 * 1358 – John I of Castile (d. 1390)
 * 1393 – Arthur III, Duke of Brittany (d. 1458)
 * 1423 – Thomas Rotherham, English cleric (d. 1500)
 * 1498 – John, Hereditary Prince of Saxony (d. 1537)
 * 1510 – Elisabeth of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brunswick-Calenberg-Göttingen (d. 1558)
 * 1552 – Lavinia Fontana, Italian painter and educator (d. 1614)
 * 1556 – Sophia Brahe, Danish horticulturalist and astronomer (d. 1643)
 * 1561 – Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk (d. 1626)
 * 1578 – John Taylor, English poet and author (d. 1653)
 * 1591 – Robert Herrick, English poet and cleric (d. 1674)

1601–1900

 * 1631 – Philip Henry, English minister (d. 1696)
 * 1635 – Peder Griffenfeld, Danish lawyer and politician (d. 1699)
 * 1684 – Sir Robert Munro, 6th Baronet, British politician (d. 1746)
 * 1714 – Alaungpaya, Burmese king (d. 1760)
 * 1758 – Duchess Sophia Frederica of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (d. 1794)
 * 1759 – William Wilberforce, English philanthropist and politician (d. 1833)
 * 1772 – William I of the Netherlands (d. 1840)
 * 1787 – James Weddell, Belgian-English sailor, hunter, and explorer (d. 1834)
 * 1824 – Antonio Stoppani, Italian geologist and scholar (d. 1891)
 * 1837 – Théodore Dubois, French organist, composer, and educator (d. 1924)
 * 1843 – Boyd Dunlop Morehead, Australian politician, 10th Premier of Queensland (d. 1905)
 * 1845 – James Calhoun, American lieutenant (d. 1876)
 * 1851 – Tom Kendall, Australian cricketer and journalist (d. 1924)
 * 1852 – Agnes Marshall, English culinary entrepreneur, inventor, and celebrity chef (d. 1905)
 * 1860 – David Bowman, Australian lawyer and politician (d. 1916)
 * 1862 – Zonia Baber, American geographer and geologist (d. 1956)
 * 1863 – Dragutin Lerman, Croatian explorer (d. 1918)
 * 1865 – Ferdinand I of Romania (d. 1927)
 * 1872 – Max Beerbohm, English essayist, parodist, and caricaturist (d. 1956)
 * 1884 – Earl Derr Biggers, American author and playwright (d. 1933)
 * 1887 – Harry Hooper, American baseball player (d. 1974)
 * 1888 – Valentine Baker, Welsh co-founder of the Martin-Baker Aircraft Company (d. 1942)
 * 1890 – Duke Kahanamoku, American swimmer, actor, and surfer (d. 1968)
 * 1890  – Jean Rhys, Dominican-British novelist (d. 1979)
 * 1893 – Haim Ernst Wertheimer, German-Israeli biochemist and academic (d. 1978)
 * 1895 – Richard Cushing, American cardinal (d. 1970)
 * 1897 – Fred Rose, American pianist, songwriter, and publisher (d. 1954)
 * 1898 – Malcolm Cowley, American novelist, poet, literary critic (d. 1989)
 * 1899 – Jorge Luis Borges, Argentine short-story writer, essayist, poet and translator (d. 1986)
 * 1899  – Albert Claude, Belgian biologist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)
 * 1900 – Preston Foster, American actor (d. 1970)

1901–present

 * 1902 – Fernand Braudel, French historian and academic (d. 1985)
 * 1902  – Carlo Gambino, Italian-American mob boss (d. 1976)
 * 1903 – Karl Hanke, German businessman and politician (d. 1945)
 * 1904 – Ida Cook, English campaigner for Jewish refugees, and romantic novelist as Mary Burchell (d. 1986)
 * 1905 – Arthur "Big Boy" Crudup, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1974)
 * 1905  – Siaka Stevens, Sierra Leonean police officer and politician, 1st President of Sierra Leone (d. 1988)
 * 1907 – Bruno Giacometti, Swiss architect, designed the Hallenstadion (d. 2012)
 * 1908 – Shivaram Rajguru, Indian activist (d. 1931)
 * 1909 – Ronnie Grieveson, South African cricketer and soldier (d. 1998)
 * 1913 – Charles Snead Houston, American physician and mountaineer (d. 2009)
 * 1915 – Wynonie Harris, American singer and guitarist (d. 1969)
 * 1915  – James Tiptree Jr. (Alice Bradley Sheldon), American psychologist and science fiction author (d. 1987)
 * 1918 – Sikander Bakht, Indian field hockey player and politician, Indian Minister of External Affairs (d. 2004)
 * 1919 – Tosia Altman, member of the Polish resistance in World War II (d. 1943)
 * 1919 – J. Gordon Edwards, American entomologist, mountaineer, and DDT advocate (d. 2004)
 * 1919 – Enrique Llanes, Mexican wrestler (d. 2004)
 * 1919 – Niels Viggo Bentzon, Danish composer and pianist (d. 2000)
 * 1920 – Alex Colville, Canadian painter and academic (d. 2013)
 * 1921 – Eric Simms, English ornithologist and conservationist (d. 2009)
 * 1922 – René Lévesque, Canadian journalist and politician, 23rd Premier of Quebec (d. 1987)
 * 1922  – Howard Zinn, American historian, author, and activist (d. 2010)
 * 1923 – Arthur Jensen, American psychologist and academic (d. 2012)
 * 1924 – Alyn Ainsworth, English singer and conductor (d. 1990)
 * 1924  – Louis Teicher, American pianist (d. 2008)
 * 1926 – Nancy Spero, American painter and academic (d. 2009)
 * 1927 – Anjali Devi, Indian actress and producer (d. 2014)
 * 1927  – David Ireland, Australian author and playwright (d. 2022)
 * 1927  – Harry Markowitz, American economist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 2023)
 * 1929 – Betty Dodson, American author and educator (d. 2020)
 * 1930 – Jackie Brenston, American singer-songwriter and saxophonist (d. 1979)
 * 1930  – Roger McCluskey, American race car driver (d. 1993)
 * 1932 – Robert D. Hales, American captain and religious leader (d. 2017)
 * 1932  – Richard Meale, Australian pianist and composer (d. 2009)
 * 1932  – Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, English cardinal (d. 2017)
 * 1933 – Prince Rupert Loewenstein, Spanish-English banker and manager (d. 2014)
 * 1934 – Kenny Baker, English actor (d. 2016)
 * 1936 – A. S. Byatt, English novelist and poet (d. 2023)
 * 1936  – Kenny Guinn, American banker and politician, 27th Governor of Nevada (d. 2010)
 * 1936  – Arthur B. C. Walker Jr., American physicist and academic (d. 2001)
 * 1937 – Moshood Abiola, Nigerian businessman and politician (d. 1998)
 * 1937  – Susan Sheehan, Austrian-American journalist and author
 * 1938 – David Freiberg, American singer and bass player
 * 1938  – Mason Williams, American guitarist and composer
 * 1940 – Madsen Pirie, British academic, President and co-founder of the Adam Smith Institute
 * 1940  – Francine Lalonde, Canadian educator and politician (d. 2014)
 * 1940  – Keith Savage, English rugby player
 * 1941 – Alan M. Roberts, English academic, Professor of Zoology at the University of Bristol
 * 1942 – Max Cleland, American captain and politician (d. 2021)
 * 1942  – Jimmy Soul, American pop-soul singer (d. 1988)
 * 1942  – Karen Uhlenbeck, American mathematician
 * 1943 – John Cipollina, American rock guitarist (d. 1989)
 * 1944 – Bill Goldsworthy, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (d. 1996)
 * 1944  – Gregory Jarvis, American engineer, and astronaut (d. 1986)
 * 1944  – Rocky Johnson, Canadian-American wrestler and trainer (d. 2020)
 * 1945 – Ronee Blakley, American singer-songwriter, producer, and actress
 * 1945  – Molly Duncan, Scottish saxophonist (d. 2019)
 * 1945  – Ken Hensley, English rock singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2020)
 * 1945  – Marsha P. Johnson, American gay liberation activist and drag queen (d. 1992)
 * 1945  – Vince McMahon, American wrestler, promoter, and entrepreneur; co-founded WWE
 * 1947 – Anne Archer, American actress and producer
 * 1947  – Paulo Coelho, Brazilian author and songwriter
 * 1947  – Roger De Vlaeminck, Belgian cyclist and coach
 * 1947  – Joe Manchin, American politician, 34th Governor of West Virginia
 * 1947  – Vladimir Masorin, Russian admiral
 * 1948 – Kim Sung-il, South Korean commander and pilot
 * 1948  – Jean Michel Jarre, French pianist, composer, and producer
 * 1948  – Sauli Niinistö, Finnish captain and politician, 12th President of Finland
 * 1948  – Alexander McCall Smith, Rhodesian-Scottish author and educator
 * 1949 – Stephen Paulus, American composer and educator (d. 2014)
 * 1949  – Joe Regalbuto, American actor and director
 * 1951 – Danny Joe Brown, American southern rock singer-songwriter and musician (d. 2005)
 * 1951  – Orson Scott Card, American novelist, critic, public speaker, essayist, and columnist
 * 1951  – Oscar Hijuelos, American author and academic (d. 2013)
 * 1952 – Marion Bloem, Dutch author, director, and painter
 * 1952  – Linton Kwesi Johnson, Jamaican dub poet
 * 1953 – Sam Torrance, Scottish golfer and sportscaster
 * 1954 – Alain Daigle, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 1954  – Heini Otto, Dutch footballer, coach, and manager
 * 1955 – Kevin Dunn, American actor
 * 1955  – Mike Huckabee, American minister and politician, 44th Governor of Arkansas
 * 1956 – Gerry Cooney, American boxer
 * 1957 – Jeffrey Daniel, American singer-songwriter and dancer
 * 1957  – Stephen Fry, English actor, journalist, producer, and screenwriter
 * 1958 – Steve Guttenberg, American actor and producer
 * 1960 – Cal Ripken Jr., American baseball player and coach
 * 1961 – Jared Harris, English actor
 * 1962 – Craig Kilborn, American television host
 * 1962  – Emile Roemer, Dutch educator and politician
 * 1963 – John Bush, American singer-songwriter
 * 1963  – Hideo Kojima, Japanese director, screenwriter and video game designer
 * 1964 – Éric Bernard, French racing driver
 * 1964  – Mark Cerny, American video game designer, programmer, producer and business executive
 * 1964  – Salizhan Sharipov, Kyrgyzstani-Russian lieutenant, pilot, and astronaut
 * 1965 – Marlee Matlin, American actress and producer
 * 1965  – Reggie Miller, American basketball player and sportscaster
 * 1965  – Brian Rajadurai, Sri Lankan-Canadian cricketer
 * 1967 – Michael Thomas, English footballer
 * 1968 – Benoît Brunet, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
 * 1968  – Shoichi Funaki, Japanese-American wrestler and sportscaster
 * 1968  – Andreas Kisser, Brazilian guitarist, songwriter, and producer
 * 1968  – Tim Salmon, American baseball player and sportscaster
 * 1969 – Jans Koerts, Dutch cyclist
 * 1970 – Rich Beem, American golfer
 * 1970  – David Gregory, American journalist
 * 1970  – Tugay Kerimoğlu, Turkish footballer and manager
 * 1972 – Jean-Luc Brassard, Canadian skier and radio host
 * 1972  – Ava DuVernay, American director and screenwriter
 * 1972  – Todd Young, American politician
 * 1973 – Andrew Brunette, Canadian ice hockey player and coach
 * 1973  – Dave Chappelle, American comedian, actor, producer and screenwriter
 * 1973  – James D'Arcy, English actor
 * 1973  – Inge de Bruijn, Dutch swimmer
 * 1973  – Carmine Giovinazzo, American actor
 * 1974 – Jennifer Lien, American actress
 * 1975 – Roberto Colombo, Italian footballer
 * 1975  – Mark de Vries, Surinamese-Dutch footballer
 * 1976 – Simon Dennis, English rower and academic
 * 1976  – Alex O'Loughlin, Australian actor, writer, director, and producer
 * 1977 – Denílson de Oliveira Araújo, Brazilian footballer
 * 1977  – Robert Enke, German footballer (d. 2009)
 * 1977  – Per Gade, Danish footballer
 * 1977  – John Green, American author and vlogger
 * 1977  – Jürgen Macho, Austrian footballer
 * 1978 – Derek Morris, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 1979 – Vahur Afanasjev, Estonian author and poet
 * 1979  – Orlando Engelaar, Dutch footballer
 * 1979  – Michael Redd, American basketball player
 * 1981 – Chad Michael Murray, American actor, model, and author
 * 1982 – José Bosingwa, Portuguese footballer
 * 1982  – Kim Källström, Swedish footballer
 * 1983 – Brett Gardner, American baseball player
 * 1983  – Marcel Goc, German ice hockey player
 * 1984 – Erin Molan, Australian journalist and sportscaster
 * 1984  – Charlie Villanueva, Dominican-American basketball player
 * 1986 – Joseph Akpala, Nigerian footballer
 * 1986  – Arian Foster, American football player, rapper, and actor
 * 1987 – Anže Kopitar, Slovenian ice hockey player
 * 1988 – Rupert Grint, English actor
 * 1988  – Brad Hunt, Canadian ice hockey player
 * 1988  – Manu Ma'u, New Zealand rugby league player
 * 1988  – Maya Yoshida, Japanese footballer
 * 1989 – Reynaldo, Brazilian footballer
 * 1989  – Rocío Igarzábal, Argentinian actress and singer
 * 1990 – Juan Pedro Lanzani, Argentinian actor and singer
 * 1991 – Enrique Hernández, Puerto Rican baseball player
 * 1991  – Wang Zhen, Chinese race walker
 * 1992 – Jemerson, Brazilian footballer
 * 1993 – Maryna Zanevska, Belgian tennis player
 * 1995 – Noah Vonleh, American basketball player
 * 1995  – Lady Amelia Windsor, member of the British royal family
 * 1997 – Alan Walker, British-Norwegian DJ and record producer
 * 1998 – Sofia Richie, American model and social media personality
 * 2000 – Griffin Gluck, American actor
 * 2001 – Mildred Maldonado, Mexican rhythmic gymnast

Pre-1600

 * 691 – Fu Youyi, official of the Tang Dynasty
 * 842 – Saga, Japanese emperor (b. 786)
 * 895 – Guthred, king of Northumbria
 * 927 – Doulu Ge, chancellor of Later Tang
 * 927  – Wei Yue, chancellor of Later Tang
 * 942 – Liu, empress dowager of Later Jin
 * 948 – Zhang Ye, Chinese general and chancellor
 * 1042 – Michael V Kalaphates, Byzantine emperor (b. 1015)
 * 1103 – Magnus Barefoot, Norwegian king (b. 1073)
 * 1217 – Eustace the Monk, French pirate (b. 1170)
 * 1313 – Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1275)
 * 1372 – Casimir III, Duke of Pomerania (b. 1348)
 * 1497 – Sophie of Pomerania, Duchess of Pomerania (b. 1435)
 * 1507 – Cecily of York, English princess (b. 1469)
 * 1540 – Parmigianino, Italian painter and etcher (b. 1503)
 * 1542 – Gasparo Contarini, Italian cardinal (b. 1483)
 * 1572 – Gaspard II de Coligny, French admiral (b. 1519)
 * 1572  – Charles de Téligny, French soldier and diplomat (b. 1535)
 * 1595 – Thomas Digges, English mathematician and astronomer (b. 1546)

1601–1900

 * 1617 – Rose of Lima, Peruvian saint (b. 1586)
 * 1647 – Nicholas Stone, English sculptor and architect (b. 1586)
 * 1679 – Jean François Paul de Gondi, French cardinal and author (b. 1614)
 * 1680 – Thomas Blood, Irish colonel (b. 1618)
 * 1680  – Ferdinand Bol, Dutch painter and etcher (b. 1616)
 * 1683 – John Owen, English theologian and academic (b. 1616)
 * 1759 – Ewald Christian von Kleist, German poet and soldier (b. 1715)
 * 1770 – Thomas Chatterton, English poet and prodigy (b. 1752)
 * 1779 – Cosmas of Aetolia, Greek monk and saint (b. 1714)
 * 1798 – Thomas Alcock, English priest and author (b. 1709)
 * 1804 – Peggy Shippen, American wife of Benedict Arnold and American Revolutionary War spy (b. 1760)
 * 1818 – James Carr, American lawyer and politician (b. 1777)
 * 1821 – John William Polidori, English writer and physician (b. 1795)
 * 1832 – Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot, French physicist and engineer (b. 1796)
 * 1832 – Richard Weymouth, British Royal Navy commander (b. 1780/81)
 * 1838 – Ferenc Kölcsey, Hungarian poet, critic, and politician (b. 1790)
 * 1841 – Theodore Hook, English civil servant and composer (b. 1788)
 * 1841  – John Ordronaux, French-American soldier (b. 1778)
 * 1888 – Rudolf Clausius, German physicist and mathematician (b. 1822)
 * 1895 – Albert F. Mummery, English mountaineer and author (b. 1855)

1901–present

 * 1923 – Kate Douglas Wiggin, American author and educator (b. 1856)
 * 1930 – Tom Norman, English businessman and showman (b. 1860)
 * 1932 – Kate M. Gordon, American activist (b. 1861)
 * 1939 – Frederick Carl Frieseke, American painter and educator (b. 1874)
 * 1940 – Paul Gottlieb Nipkow, Polish-German technician and inventor, invented the Nipkow disk (b. 1860)
 * 1943 – Antonio Alice, Argentinian painter and educator (b. 1886)
 * 1943  – Ettore Muti Italian aviator, adventurer and politician (b. 1902)
 * 1943  – Simone Weil, French philosopher and activist (b. 1909)
 * 1946 – James Clark McReynolds, American lawyer and judge, 48th United States Attorney General (b. 1862)
 * 1954 – Getúlio Vargas, Brazilian lawyer and politician, 14th President of Brazil (b. 1882)
 * 1956 – Kenji Mizoguchi, Japanese director and screenwriter (b. 1898)
 * 1957 – Ronald Knox, English Catholic priest (b. 1888)
 * 1958 – Paul Henry, Irish painter and educator (b. 1876)
 * 1967 – Henry J. Kaiser, American businessman, founded Kaiser Shipyards and Kaiser Aluminum (b. 1882)
 * 1974 – Alexander P. de Seversky, Russian-American pilot and businessman, co-founded Republic Aviation (b. 1894)
 * 1977 – Buddy O'Connor, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1916)
 * 1978 – Louis Prima, American singer-songwriter, trumpet player, and actor (b. 1910)
 * 1979 – Hanna Reitsch, German soldier and pilot (b. 1912)
 * 1980 – Yootha Joyce, English actress (b. 1927)
 * 1982 – Félix-Antoine Savard, Canadian priest and author (b. 1896)
 * 1983 – Kalevi Kotkas, Estonian-Finnish high jumper and discus thrower (b. 1913)
 * 1983  – Scott Nearing, American economist, educator, and activist (b. 1883)
 * 1985 – Paul Creston, American composer and educator (b. 1906)
 * 1987 – Malcolm Kirk, English rugby player and wrestler (b. 1936)
 * 1990 – Sergei Dovlatov, Russian-American journalist and author (b. 1941)
 * 1990  – Gely Abdel Rahman, Sudanese-Egyptian poet and academic (b. 1931)
 * 1991 – Bernard Castro, Italian-American inventor (b. 1904)
 * 1992 – André Donner, Dutch academic and judge (b. 1918)
 * 1997 – Luigi Villoresi, Italian racing driver (b. 1907)
 * 1998 – E. G. Marshall, American actor (b. 1910)
 * 1999 – Mary Jane Croft, American actress (b. 1916)
 * 1999  – Alexandre Lagoya, Egyptian guitarist and composer (b. 1929)
 * 2000 – Andy Hug, Swiss martial artist and kick-boxer (b. 1964)
 * 2001 – Jane Greer, American actress (b. 1924)
 * 2001  – Roman Matsov, Estonian violinist, pianist, and conductor (b. 1917)
 * 2002 – Nikolay Guryanov, Russian priest and mystic (b. 1909)
 * 2003 – Wilfred Thesiger, Ethiopian-English explorer and author (b. 1910)
 * 2004 – Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, Swiss-American psychiatrist and academic (b. 1926)
 * 2006 – Rocco Petrone, American soldier and engineer (b. 1926)
 * 2006  – Léopold Simoneau, Canadian tenor and educator (b. 1916)
 * 2007 – Andrée Boucher, Canadian educator and politician, 39th Mayor of Quebec City (b. 1937)
 * 2007  – Aaron Russo, American director and producer (b. 1943)
 * 2010 – Satoshi Kon, Japanese director and screenwriter (b. 1963)
 * 2011 – Seyhan Erözçelik, Turkish poet and author (b. 1962)
 * 2011  – Mike Flanagan, American baseball player, coach, and sportscaster (b. 1951)
 * 2012 – Dadullah, Pakistani Taliban leader (b. 1965)
 * 2012  – Pauli Ellefsen, Faroese surveyor and politician, 6th Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands (b. 1936)
 * 2012  – Steve Franken, American actor (b. 1932)
 * 2012  – Félix Miélli Venerando, Brazilian footballer and manager (b. 1937)
 * 2013 – Gerry Baker, American soccer player and manager (b. 1938)
 * 2013  – Nílton de Sordi, Brazilian footballer and manager (b. 1931)
 * 2013  – Julie Harris, American actress (b. 1925)
 * 2013  – Muriel Siebert, American businesswoman and philanthropist (b. 1928)
 * 2014 – Richard Attenborough, English actor, director, producer, and politician (b. 1923)
 * 2014  – Antônio Ermírio de Moraes, Brazilian businessman (b. 1928)
 * 2015 – Charlie Coffey, American football player and coach (b. 1934)
 * 2015  – Joseph F. Traub, German-American computer scientist and academic (b. 1932)
 * 2015  – Justin Wilson, English racing driver (b. 1978)
 * 2016 – Walter Scheel, German politician, 4th President of Germany (b. 1919)
 * 2017 – Jay Thomas, American actor, comedian, and radio talk show host (b. 1948)
 * 2020 – Gail Sheehy, American author, journalist, and lecturer (b. 1936)
 * 2021 – Charlie Watts, English musician (b. 1941)
 * 2023 – Windham Rotunda, American professional wrestler, most commonly known as Bray Wyatt (b. 1987)

Holidays and observances

 * Christian feast day:
 * Abbán of Ireland
 * Aurea of Ostia
 * Bartholomew the Apostle (Roman Catholic, Anglican)
 * Jeanne-Antide Thouret
 * Maria Micaela Desmaisieres
 * Massa Candida (Martyrs of Utica)
 * Owen (Audoin)
 * August 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
 * Flag Day (Liberia)
 * Independence Day or Den' Nezalezhnosti, celebrates the independence of Ukraine from the Soviet Union in 1991.
 * International Strange Music Day
 * National Waffle Day (United States)
 * Nostalgia Night (Uruguay)
 * Willka Raymi (Cusco, Peru)

title: August 24


text:
Talk:Ainu people

Regions with significant populations
It seems odd to me that Kamchatka Krai population is listed separately since it is part of Russia, should the Russia entry include "(excluding Kamchatka Kai)"? Kevink707 (talk) 17:48, 25 October 2018 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:24, 26 December 2018 (UTC)
 * Hokkaido Ainu.jpg

Samurai
The section claimed "several historians" without naming any. Obviously C. Loring Brace isn't one and isn't decribed.as one. I can't find anyone who agrees and thus this is WP:UNDUE. A quick search turns up these sources about the relationship between them. Doug Weller  talk 16:02, 28 May 2019 (UTC)

Back and forth editing
I want to urge both and  to bring their arguments to this talk page, instead of doing wild back and forth edits which will make it hard for other editors to re-check the recent edits. I share 's concern about claims not backed up by sources, including claims inserted in edits by. But the speed of deletes and insertions comes close to edit warring, and both of you should come to a calm discussion here and not heat up flames on personal talk pages. , probably you can come in too and help to moderate please. –Austronesier (talk) 20:29, 9 August 2019 (UTC)

List of Ainu People
Wasn't there a "List of Ainu" people page or at least a list of "Notable Ainu", just like most ethnicities have on Wikipedia? For example, here's the Tatar's page and the Nivkh people. I think there should be one. Many important Ainu are listed in the article, but finding this information takes time. Hopefully, there isn't a safety or discriminatory factor that must be considered here. Also, Chisato ("Kitty") O. Dubreuil should be on the list. She is of Ainu ancestry and is likely the most famous academic researcher in Ainu studies. Her books are referenced throughout most Ainu pages on Wikipedia. MXMLLN (talk) 11:01, 22 January 2020 (UTC)

Another pop culture reference to Ainu
Kanna Kamui, a character from Kobayashi's Dragon Maid is heavily inspired by Ainu culture. Her clothing, described by Kobayashi as "gothic lolita with tribal theme" has similar geometric patterns as Ainu clothes and uses similar beads as an accesory. Even her name and the ability to control electricity is a reference to Kanna kamuy, god of thunder. Misztra (talk) 02:45, 4 September 2020 (UTC)

I'd like to add the anime Golden Kamuy. The Ainu people play a big part in the story and one of them is a co-protagonist. I think it does a great job of depicting the Ainu people as well as it could. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 46.103.18.226 (talk) 22:13, 31 May 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
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 * Hokkaido Ainu.jpg

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the. —Community Tech bot (talk) 09:07, 6 September 2020 (UTC)
 * Historical expanse of Ainu.png

Modern scientific racism
The image File:Mongoloid Australoid Negrito Asia Distribution of Asian peoples Sinodont Sundadont.GIF has been removed from the origins section. This is a recent user created map which promotes "Mongoloid" as if it were a term currently in use. As the article itself points out, this word is no longer used to describe the Ainu people as it is part of the race theories of the human race being genetically divided into a white race, yellow race, black race etc. which may be valid to discuss in a historical context using contemporary images making it clear the theories are debunked, but is inappropriate to promote as if they were current science. Thanks --Fæ (talk) 04:25, 7 September 2020 (UTC)

Jared Diamond hypothesis on Ainu and Jomon people
Prof. Jared Diamond in a 1998 article discusses the origin of the Ainu people, the Jomon people and the even more complex issue of the origin of the Yamato Japanese main population of Japan.

In Search of Japanese Roots Where did the ancestors of the modern Japanese come from? The answers is shrouded in a mystery not everyone wants solved. https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/in-search-of-japanese-roots

A quote: "Genetic studies of the past three years have also at last resolved the controversy about the origins of the Ainu: they are the descendants of Japan’s ancient Jomon inhabitants, mixed with Korean genes of Yayoi colonists and of the modern Japanese." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 72.83.145.17 (talk) 21:56, 12 November 2020 (UTC)

They are not the Jomon
The idea of the Aniu descending from the Jomon has been debunked.

https://www.britannica.com/place/Japan/History#ref23120 CycoMa (talk) 01:30, 7 December 2020 (UTC)
 * That link is not a scientific source/WP:RS source, and the claim it makes does not seem to link to one (to a recent scientific source) supporting that statement. Nor can the Jomon be called "proto-Japanese" as the website claims (according to the sources, the Japanese are mostly descended from the later-arriving Yayoi people, have only a little Jomon ancestry on average, and are quite distict from the Jomon). Recent genetic studies (some analyzing Jomon remains) agree that the Japanese are mostly Yayoi (with a little Jomon) and the Ainu (who are native to northern Japan) are mostly of Jomon descent (with some minority admixture from other Siberian groups and also presumably from the Japanese and/or Yayoi). Skllagyook (talk) 02:15, 7 December 2020 (UTC)
 * FWIW, EB is a RS which can be employed with extra care (cf. WP:BRITANNICA) and due weight against more specialized sources. In this case, the simplistic statements in EB ("scholars have claimed that the bearers of the Jōmon culture were ancestors of the Ainu [...] Scientific investigation of the bones of Jōmon people carried out since the beginning of the 20th century, however, has disproved this theory"; "[the Jomon people] seem to have constituted a single ethnic stock with more or less consistent characteristics") are in stark contrast the findings in specialized sources, especially genetic studies. In such a case, scientific sources, especially research overviews such as this one by Schmidt & Seguchi (very valuable, but often misquoted), are preferred over EB.
 * I see; my mistake (EB can be WP:RS). However, in this case, its statement seems to be unsourced from scientific research (or perhaps a misinterpretation of it), should not take precedence over genetic studies (to which it is, as you mention, in stark contrast), and seems to be undue here. Schmidt & Seguchi (2015) does not seem so much to conflict with or challenge the finding that the Ainu descend from the Jomon, but rather suggests that the Jomon many not have been an entirely homogenous group (and may have descended from more than one population originating from Paleolithic/early Mesolithic Siberia), and their study seems to reinforce/be consistent with other findings that there are affinities between the Ainu and Jomon groups (and to a lesser extent between the Jomon and Ryukyans/Japanese). The recent sources I was referring to above are Gahukari et al. 2019 (third page []) and Kanazawa-Kiriyama et al 2019 (page 19 []), which both find evidence of a substantial amount of Jomon ancestry in the Ainu using ancient DNA from Hokkaido Jomon samples. Skllagyook (talk) 15:02, 7 December 2020 (UTC)
 * I am just as baffled as you how the authors of the first part of the EB article can come to such odd conclusions. Wordings like "scientific investigation of the bones" ring a bell: is this an attempt to dumb down the lingo for the sake of the common reader who might not be familiar with "craniometry" and "skeletal DNA", or is this indicative that paleogenetics lies outside of their actual expertise? Just a thought. –Austronesier (talk) 15:31, 7 December 2020 (UTC)

Photo in Infobox is probably not Ainu
This photo " AinuSan.jpg is described on the Japanese page as =  "Staff members of the National Ainu Museum in Shiraoi, Hokkaido. They wear traditional costumes (Ruumpe = cotton clothing) from the coastal area of Uchiura Bay." So they are most likely Japanese people dressed in Ainu clothing. Maybe they are mixed, part Ainu, but it's not a good representation of the original Ainu people. So it shouldn't be used as a photo in the infobox. This is what ethnic Ainu look like = AinuGroup.JPG which is notably different. - Artanisen (talk) 20:14, 8 January 2021 (UTC)

 * That photo is good, and you're right, the difference is there, but it would be better to may find a higher-quality, in-colour photo if possible. One of the big problems facing this article at the minute is that many of the sources are over a century old - and so there's more of a tendency to think of the Ainu people as a minority that 'did' exist, rather than a minority that still exists. I'd really like to find a modern photo, if possible; I've already found a number of modern sources I might buy to do up this article. As for the infobox photo at the minute; it should probably go somewhere further down the article. -- Ineffablebookkeeper (talk) 12:12, 9 January 2021 (UTC)

 * I have replaced the image with another modern image of a traditional Ainu marriage. This should be better and shows more Ainu. I also think that it would be a good idea to include more recent information about the Ainu and the current situation, culture and daily life of the Ainu people. They are a living ethnic group and not a museum exhibit.--RobertoY20 (talk) 14:26, 9 January 2021 (UTC)
 * @Ineffablebookkeeper well there are very few Ainu left. The amount of practitioners of their culture and language decreases every few years. The Ainu culture, way of life and language are moribund. It could disappear in a couple of decades to a century (save for Museums and festivals). Many of the Ainu who still exist are mixed and/or don't live the traditional lifestyle anymore. So old photographs better represent the original Ainu people. I agree that the infobox photo should be high quality. A recent photograph would be good if it's available on Wikimedia Commons. It should be verified that the people in the photo are Ainu (not people cosplaying and acting). Old sources aren't bad due to their age. If there is a new source (study etc) with a better explanation of something then it can be used. - Artanisen (talk) 19:07, 10 January 2021 (UTC)

Japanese agenda in the article
Why on Earth are the Ainu in all these photos majority Japanese mix? when there was photos here previously of pure Ainu. They have been removed. There are plenty of copyright free vintage photos of actual Ainu out there for use. This is misleading and will make people believe the Ainu are just a subgroup of Japanese people, similar to how Irish travelers are ethnically Irish but are a sub-cultural group. The actual ainu look nothing like these people. Wikipedia strikes again with it's regional government meddling. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:BB6:6871:B658:EC2B:F578:FDFE:E3D (talk) 12:34, 26 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Wikipedia doesn't have a regional government agenda. It should be noted that "appearing" Ainu may not actually be a good reflection of a person's ethnicity or family history, at all; the idea that someone has to "look" Ainu to "be" Ainu is, to put it very mildly, problematic and inaccurate. The statement that "Irish Travellers are ethnically Irish but a sub-cultural group" is also one - and I am guessing here, I'm not learned on Traveller issues but I think I'm in the right ballpark - that doesn't feel like it rings true. They're not a sub-group, so much as a group with their own entire culture and identity. If your idea is that Ainu people are a small, sequestered people with a set appearance that's only clear in a black-and-white image from the 1900s, then I don't think you're here to build the project at all.
 * As for the date of the picture - the picture isn't a good one, I agree with that. It isn't clear; none of the people are front-and-centre in the shot. However, for an article where an entire section is taken from a source from the early 1900s, the emphasis has to be that the Ainu people still exist, and are not antiquated; these are people with real ethnicities and ethnic histories, whose identity was, for the longest of times, suppressed - see Japanese dialects for details on the suppression of, for instance, the Ainu language. Thus, a modern image, not one taken in the 1900s, is the better choice, even if it isn't the best image we have. --Ineffablebookkeeper (talk) 23:01, 26 January 2021 (UTC)

 * Most pictures seem to be of historical Ainu with three of modern Ainu. I see no problem with that. The article even mentions that not all historical Ainu did look like the ones you have in mind. I do not see what this have to do with a Japanese agenda. The article clearly mentions the difference, both ethno-linguistic and cultural. Zainichi or Ryukyuans look even less different and there is no doubt that they are different ethno-linguistic groups. Also calling them "majority Japanese mix" sounds more then strange and anyway without any basis. But that is my opinion.46.125.250.99 (talk) 18:43, 26 January 2021 (UTC)
 * I do agree a lot of the pictures here are misleading. I also felt there was a agenda in the article. It was basically removing everything about them relating their connection to west eurasian/caucasian although I do believe they are Mongoloid population with pseudo-Caucasian appearance.Vamlos (talk) 11:41, 7 April 2021 (UTC)
 * "Mongoloid" is an outdated and insulting racist term. These terminologies have no place on Wikipedia Himeaimichu (talk) 20:36, 23 January 2022 (UTC)

Kotan
A village is called a kotan in the Ainu language. In Albanian language village is called katun. Mazarin07 (talk) 10:16, 7 March 2021 (UTC)

Usage of Ainu language by Officials
In the second paragraph of language, it states that the Ainu language was used by Officials. It was not sourced and is contrary to the fact of the matter that it was banned along with their culture. It does somewhat feel like it is there to diminish the crimes of colonial Japan. Mr anonymous username (talk) 07:53, 12 January 2022 (UTC)

Recent removal of sourced content and fringe arguments about "pseudo white Caucasians" and "mixed breeds"
I have recently removed some pictures and moved their position per WP:Gallery. A user than suddenly reverted making a fringe edit summary about "pseudo white Caucasians". This is hopefully a joke? While everyone should know in 2022 that race does not exist, I am amazed that some people keep holding up such terminology. Furthermore, no pictures showing Ainu people got removed other than paintings and one sitting Ainu. This should not trigger an edit war normally. Hopefully you can explain yourself. Racist terminology is not use able neither the removal of various content.-193.107.22.36 (talk) 22:06, 18 January 2022 (UTC)
 * I must say that terminology such as "mixed breed" related to modern humans is unacceptable! Such terminology and worldviews do NOT have a place in an encyclopedia such as Wikipedia.-193.107.22.36 (talk) 22:08, 18 January 2022 (UTC)
 * Yeah, uh, yikes. At best, this editor is parroting views that were in vogue a century ago.  Not great. Dumuzid (talk) 22:37, 18 January 2022 (UTC)

copyvio
I've removed direct copyvio which also might be factually incorrect; I can only get to a snippet at the source. . The copyvio was the sentence about the vast majority of men compelling women, but the book says Wajin men, and we replaced that with Yamato Japanese men, which I don't have the knowledge to assess as correct or not. And I can't put it into quotes with attribution because of the word change. valereee (talk) 12:03, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

Looks like it was added in this edit by a now-blocked sock. It was added as Wajin, then subsequently changed to Wa-Jin, then to Yamato Japanese. valereee (talk) 12:19, 19 January 2022 (UTC)

Gallery problem
Why some users (specifically you ) keep including more pictures when the page is already full? See WP:Gallery. We do not need hundreds of pictures. I removed two misplaced pictures about the distribution in Hokkaido and the proposed spread of language (a rather bad quality map from google earth), which are better used in respective articles, such as Ainu languages or Hokkaido.-193.107.22.36 (talk) 10:04, 20 January 2022 (UTC)

Russians being described as " Red Haired Ainu's " by the Japanese (don't let that be removed).
Here is what the Japanese described Russians with Ainu in the 18th century " Interest in the Russians, described as “red-haired Ainu” by some writers, led to a work by the Sendai doctor Kudo ̄ Heisuke, who memorialized the Tanuma government in 1783 urging that defensive measures be taken against the Russians. "

Source is right here: The Making of Modern Japan - Page 261 Marius B. Jansen · 2002

https://www.google.co.uk/books/edition/The_Making_of_Modern_Japan/AvMXBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=red+haired+ainu&pg=PA261&printsec=frontcover

Relationship between Ainu and Äynu
I wonder if there's any relationship between the Ainu people and the Turkic Äynu people  Ghizz Archus (talk) 18:48, 8 May 2022 (UTC)

 * I'd say there's almost certainly no relationship. -- Troopersho (talk) 13:11, 21 March 2023 (UTC)

Ainu population in Japan is not 200,000 (1971 figure)
The 200,000 figure is a wild overestimation. It is based on a 1971 survey. In 1971 the survey estimated 77,000 people in Hokkaido as ethnic Ainu and a total of 200,000 Ainu people across Japan. In 2017 the Hokkaido Prefectural Government survey estimated 13,000 people. If the highest number is assumed to be correct, the total population of ethnic Ainu in line with demographic decline of the overall Japanese population due to the low total birth rate would be around 33,000 people in 2022. The Ainu language is moribund with less than 100 native Ainu speakers. -Artanisen (talk) 09:22, 9 May 2022 (UTC)

"Yesso" listed at Redirects for discussion
An editor has identified a potential problem with the redirect Yesso and has thus listed it for discussion. This discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2022 July 7 until a consensus is reached, and readers of this page are welcome to contribute to the discussion. –LaundryPizza03 ( d c̄ ) 09:22, 7 July 2022 (UTC)

Inuit
Inuit are Northern tribe people who live from Greenland to Alska. They live on water like many Ainu do aswell. I think i saw a documentary were Ainu people had the same kayaks as Inuit. Is there a change that Apnu people are from the same history and maybe gene group as Inuit people? I see some simularities in habits and even in their names and they are both very old tribes. 85.149.83.125 (talk) 14:42, 31 August 2022 (UTC)

Isn’t princess monoke somehow involved
Supposedly one character in this TV production is native a Japanese or Ainu 2600:1012:B13F:2B6A:D131:D717:7CC6:F084 (talk) 01:02, 6 November 2022 (UTC)

Internal Contradiction?
The article leads off by giving this piece of trivia a prominent place in the opening: "Contrary to popular belief, the Ainu are not believed to have been the first settlers of the island of Hokkaido. Archeological evidence suggests that ancient Japanese Jomon people inhabited Hokkaido early on and Ainu people may have only appeared after 13th century, as a result of migration from more northern islands and what is now Far East Russia."

I'm not sure that's important enough to be highlighted in the article introduction, but the article goes straight on to History/Pre-modern... and it seemingly contradicts what was stated in the introduction when it indicates that "The Ainu are the native people of Hokkaido, Sakhalin and the Kurils."? This entire pre-modern section has no mention of the Ainu only appearing on Hokkaido after the 13th century.

Could someone with more authority on the subject kindly rewrite the intro and the "pre-modern" section so that they make sense? Where does the "merger of the Okhotsk and Satsumon cultures" take place within the context of not appearing on Hokkaido until after the 13th century (so... 14th century, I presume?).

As I read on, it gets worse. "The Ainu have often been considered to descend from the diverse Jōmon people who lived in northern Japan from the Jōmon period". This is from the Origins section. Why is this not part of the Pre-modern History section? Why not limit the pre-modern history section to the history of the actual Ainu rather than include speculation about their origins and then leave that for the "Origins" section?

The entire section "Ethnic Rights" should be merged into the "History" section. This is modern Ainu history, isn't it? The whole "Assimilation after annexation" is shockingly breif. But maybe my Canadian bias is showing - we would need a LOT more than a few paragraphs to describe the horrific assimilation and cultural genocide that took place "after annexation". I'm surprised this is so brief.

Thanks so much for making Wikipedia awesome. LadyIslay (talk) 03:29, 19 September 2023 (UTC)
 * The POV piece in the lead was added two weeks ago. I have removed it as a quick fix. The article indeed needs some reworking, but that is not as easily handled as drive-by POV-bombing of the lead. Will look into it later. –Austronesier (talk) 06:16, 19 September 2023 (UTC)

My changes were undone?
Hi all. I'm new to editing here on Wikipedia, although I do have editing experience elsewhere. I'm a little confused because, while I was in the process of editing, apparently someone else undid some of my changes to a previous section of this article? Since my changes were mostly minor grammar/syntax stuff, I'm not quite sure what is going on. Also, I'm not completely sure which of my changes got saved. I use screenreading software, so maybe this is part of the issue.I don't want to get into an editing war--peace is more important than being right. I just put a lot of time into this, so it would be nice to know why my changes were undone. If I did something wrong in the Wiki rules I don't understand yet, I appologize. HeatherRB (talk) 19:05, 10 October 2023 (UTC)

 * Hello HeatherRB, sorry you had that experience! Your changes were actually undone by a bot and not a human user.  ClueBOT for some reason thought your changes looked like vandalism (my review shows nothing of the sort, to be clear).  It's a bit mysterious, but I will be reporting it as a false positive, and please continue as you were!  Cheers. Dumuzid (talk) 19:24, 10 October 2023 (UTC)
 * Oh, OK. No worries!  I was very confused.  Thanks for your help. HeatherRB (talk) 21:58, 10 October 2023 (UTC)

Overworked
I have just overworked some parts of the article; such as removing unsourced and misplaced paragraphs as well as non-RS cites, but also re-wording some statements per given references. This includes claims of non-RS links arguing the Ainu to be new comers from Far East Russia during the 13th century rather than being derived (at least primarily) from the local Jomon period cultures which is the general concensus; but also the removal of a section named "Caucasoid theories" which lacked any reference, and is fringe/undue weight. Lastly, removing/moving parts of the genetic section which either were misplaced (mtDNA in YDNA section) or unrelated to the scope of this article (possible places of origin of haplogroups). - I also added some secondary literature, which may also be further relevant for other sections of this article. See:,, and. Its still not perfect, but at least an improvement (or I hope so). I may find time to salvage more out of the secondary cites here, but currently have only temporaly time. If there are any problems, please let me know. Regards.-Wikiuser1314 (talk) 16:10, 18 November 2023 (UTC)
 * A good start! As a next step, let's TNT the entire Genetics section, especially its haplocruft. There are a handful of good and much-cited primary sources that cover Jomon genomes as main topic (i.e. not just as one out of hundred data points in Supplmentary table 28), and also secondary sources that at least devote a paragraph or two to Jomon ancestry. That's something to build on. –Austronesier (talk) 19:52, 18 November 2023 (UTC)
 * Thanks! I will try to do so. Regards.-Wikiuser1314 (talk) 10:00, 19 November 2023 (UTC)

Physical Description
Hello all- I'm very new to this, longtime reader but just made this account partially inspired by the "physical traits" section here. I'm concerned that it legitimizes outdated and disproven theories about racial science- for example, the repeated use of the term "Mongoloid." Does anyone else have thoughts on this? Mandypandy83 (talk) 01:40, 13 March 2024 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Talk:Ainu people


text:
Talk:Agnes of Merania

Untitled
I can't find out it Agnes was ever crowned. If not, she was 'concubine of the King of France', not queen. --MichaelTinkler

You can't be a wife and still not be queen of France ? concubine has connotations of illegitimacy... - well, I have at least one too many 'nots' in my comment. Coronation of queens is tricky in the high middle ages - it actually wasn't all that common - so yes, all legitimate wives were automatically queen. If she had been crowned we *might* call her queen even if she was a concubine - Ingeborg was dismissed without coronation, we know, though evidently after consummation (or that's what Ingeborg always stated in legal briefs). It's a problem. We should probably just delete 'queen' out of caution and leave her as 'wife or concubine...' and let the article explain the ambiguity of the description. --MichaelTinkler

Agnes of Meran
The text contains an error: Duke Berthold IV of Andechs-Meranien was never bishop of Kalocsa, let alone patriarch of Aquileia. That was his son Berthold V, Archbisop of Kalosca 1207-1218, then Patriarch of Aquileia 1218-1251. He was in fact the last surviving male member of that family. Source: Exhibition catalogue Herzöge und Heilige, Andechs Monastery, 1993; ed. Haus der Bayerischen Geschichte 1993, Copyright Bayerische Staatskanzlei

Convent of St Corentin + Heroine
--Eva4 (talk) 02:08, 29 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Saint-Corentin was a royal abbey in Septeuil, near Mantes-la-Jolie (non Nantes).
 * Agnes of Merania has been made the heroine of a lot of dramatic works and operas. See it.wiki

== Content From French, Spanish, Dutch versions of this article plus their referenced sources ( catholic encyclopedia + Histoire de Philippe-Auguste by Baptiste Capefigue given by the Bibliotheque National de France) ==

First Paragraph:

Agnes Maria of Andechs-Merania (1180-1201) was briefly a Queen of France (1196-1200/1201) amid controversy over the validity of her marriage with Phillip II of France. Though reputed to be a renowned beauty, little is known of her person outside her family relations and the ardor with which her husband Philip devoted to her position.

Familial Ties:

Agnes of Merania, called Marie by some French chroniclers, was the daughter of Berthold, Duke of Merania and Count of Andechs. Her mother was Agnes of Rochlitz. Her father’s family holdings were traditionally based at Andeches near Ammersee, Bavaria, but through marriage had come to include the margraveship of Istria (Bertold IV’s father Bertold III under Emperor Frederick Barbossa) and dukedom of Merania (Bertold IV himself). Merania, on the north Dalmation coast of modern day Croatia refers to the Mare Adriaticum that the Holy Roman Empire at then time had come to border. Agnes’ mother, Agnes of Rochlitz was of the Saxon House of Wettin. Together Agnes and Berthold had 8 children. Agnes of Merania was younger sister of prominent Saint Hedwig of Silesia, and on age with sister Gertrude who briefly served as Queen of Hungary from 1205 to her assasination in 1213. All of Agnes’ siblings were married or vested into places of prominence.

Agnes’ Life with King Philip II:

Background: Philip’s Previous Marriages:

Philip II was ever anxious to continue the Capetian dynasty and, like his father Louis VII of France, ended up marrying three times. Philip’s first marriage with Isabel of Hainut became threatened with repudiation after only four years when she failed to provide a male heir and her father sided with Philip’s enemies in a dispute over Flanders. When Isabel died in 1190 after having eventually provided him a single male heir, future Louis VIII of France, King Philip sought to fortify his legacy by remarrying.

In Amiens on 14 august 1193, Philip married Ingeborg of Denmark who was then renamed Isambour. For reasons still unexplained, Philip firmly rejected Ingeborg starting the day after his wedding night, which Philip alleged was never consummated. He would continue to reject Ingeborg for the next 20 years.

Three months after the wedding, on November 5, 1193 a council of complacent bishops was convened at Compiegne where a false family tree was brought forth showing that Philip and Ingeborg were related through Philip's first wife. Contemporary Canon law stated that a man and woman could not marry if they shared an ancestor within the last seven generations and the council declared the marriage void. The argument of consanguinity had successfully been presented by Philip’s father Louis VII to annul his marriage to Eleanor of Acquitane and then quickly ignored when Louis married even closer relative Constance of Castile. In the case of Philip however, bride Ingeborg was not content to be set aside.

Ingeborg had ally William of Paris create an alternate genealogy that disproved the alleged consanguinity, and appealed to Pope Celestine III, attesting that her marriage was consummated not once but twice. In a climate of heated disagreements between Philip and Pope Celestine III over land claims and rights to war against England’s King Richard, the Pope was disposed to side with Ingeborg against Philip. On March 13, 1195, Pope Celestin III declared the annulment of Philip’s marriage to Ingeborg illegal. Philip ignored the pontifical decision and proceeded to seek a new wife. After Repeatedly refusing to return to her native Denmark, Ingeborg was locked away in the tower of Guinette at Etampes.

After a failed marriage attempt wherein Philip’s bride-to-be Margaret of Geneva was kidnapped by then Count of Savoy, William I, Philip finally achieved a third marriage, this time to Agnes of Merania.

Agnes' Life with King Philip:

Agnes as Queen:

The first of June 1196, Agnes became the third wife of Philip II Augustus.

“Agnes was of a ravishing beauty; of blonde hairs descending to her shoulders: the monk of Saint Denis lauds greatly her petite foot, and her hand of dazzling white… the crowd of barons and knights was immense, at the moment when she appeared, mounted on her hackney with her damsels, the jousts were suspended, all eyes were carried towards her, and an approving murmur escalated slowly among the crowd; many young knights, the sons of the counts of Nevers and Montreuil said between themselves, “he is lucky, our sire, to have such a lady, we would gladly take up the colors… As she was used to the life of forests at the court of her father, she distinguished herself by her courage and grace: each time one saw her on a spirited horse pursuing with the agility of an arrow a deer or timid doe: the king and the barons admired the sureness and the force of her shots, and the clerics, full of classical references, compared her to Camille of Virgil.” (Histoire de Philippe-August, Volume 2, Capefigue, Baptiste) http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k82795j/f140.image.langFR

Agnes' Life with King Philip:

Descendants:

Shortly after her marriage to Philip, Agnes of Merania gave birth to 3 children:

Philip Hurepel (1197-1234), count of Clermont and of Boulogne, who in 1216 married Matilda II of Boulogne (v1202-1259) and inherited the county of Boulogne.

Marie(1199-1224), who married in 1206 Philip I, Count of Namur (1175-1212), then in 1213 to Henry I, Duke of Brabant (1165-1235).

A baby boy who died shortly after birth in July 1201.

Agnus' Life with King Philip:

Resumption of Conflict with the Pope:

Pope Celestine III died two years after Agnes’ marriage to Philip on January 8, 1198 without the French King’s renunciation of Agnes or reinstatement of Ingeborg. However the issue of Papal interference in Philip’s struggles with the English Kings (now Richard’s successor John) continued, as did the Papacy’s need to be seen as an authority with temporal power over Monarchs. Celestine III’s successor Innocent III decided to confirm the condemnation of Philip’s annulment and carry out his predecessor’s decision. After unfruitful negotiations, Innocent’s legate Peter of Capua proclaimed an interdict on January 13, 1200 (dutch wikipedia: dec 12 1199) (Catholic Encylclopedia 1198) over the realm of France, thereby suspending all clergical activities.

This situation was deeply unpopular and risked causing riots as well as splitting the clergy into Papal and Monarchal factions. The Bishops of Paris and Senlis, who did publish the interdict had their assets seized by the crown. Action against clergy loyal to the Pope in turn gained Philip and the interdict further unpopularity. In the end Philip submitted, stating his intent to bring Ingeborg back to court before an assembly including Papal legate Octavian at the chateau of Saint Leger at Nesle on September 7, 1200. This resulted in an official lifting of the interdict, but apparently not of Philip’s drive to legitimize Agnes over Ingeborg. Using illness as a pretext for inability to travel, Philip remained at Dourdan for some time with Agnes despite his recent proclamation he would rule at court with Ingeborg at his side. A second council, this time at Soisson, was therefore held in March 1201, but this one too concluded with the failure of Philip to legitimize his break of marriage with Ingeborg. Philip was forced to renounce Agnes.

Death:

Although the Pope had demanded that Philip and Agnes never see each other and that Agnes be banished from the kingdom, she was allowed to stay at the castle Poissey on account of her late pregnancy. In July 1201, Agnes of Merania died while giving birth to a third child named Tristan, on account of the tristes circonstances into which he was born. The infant died a few days after birth. Agnes is inhumed in the royal Abby of St Corentin at Septeuil, a few kilometers south of Nantes. Her death caused the king who loved her immense pain.

Fate of Philip’s Marital Status and Children:

After Agnes’ and her infant’s deaths so soon after Philip’s capitulation to the demands of Innocent III, an amends was reached with the Pope. Though counter-signed by Pierre of Coreil, archbishop of Sens, Philip succeeded in obtaining a bull granting the legitimacy of Agnes’ two remaining children, Philip Herupel and Marie.

After the death of Agnes, Philip had only one son in addition to Louis VIII (begotten through his marriage to Isabel of Hainut), however Philip could not bring himself to take up Ingeborg as his conjugal wife. Philip at first gave indications to ecclesiastical councils who were in support of Ingeborg, now 26, that he would commit the carnal act of marriage, but later reneged on his promise to do so, despite repeated pleas from Innocent to validate the marriage. Ingeborg, though nominally Queen of France, was not fully instated until 1213 at age 38, when she was finally freed of her captivity at Etampes to fulfill Philip’s political ambitions by appeasing Pope Innocent and Ingeborg’s brother Valdemar II. Interim attempts by Philip to marry outside of Ingeborg were frustrated by Philip’s uneasy relationship with Innocent.

In Popular Culture:

Agnes has been made the heroine of a tragedy by François Ponsard, Agnès de Méranie, and of an opera by Vincenzo Bellini, La straniera.

J'odore (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 04:59, 25 November 2013 (UTC)

 * The text from the sister wikis is of no use without reliable sources to back it up. -- PBS (talk) 20:00, 2 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Agnes of Merania


text:
Antipope

An antipope (antipapa) is a person who claims to be Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church in opposition to the legitimately elected pope. Between the 3rd and mid-15th centuries, antipopes were supported by factions within the Church itself and secular rulers.

Sometimes it was difficult to distinguish which of two claimants should be called pope and which antipope, as in the case of Pope Leo VIII and Pope Benedict V.

History
Hippolytus of Rome (d. 235) is commonly considered to be the earliest antipope, as he headed a separate group within the Church in Rome against Pope Callixtus I. Hippolytus was reconciled to Callixtus's second successor, Pope Pontian, and both he and Pontian are honoured as saints by the Catholic Church with a shared feast day on 13 August. Whether two or more persons have been confused in this account of Hippolytus and whether Hippolytus actually declared himself to be the Bishop of Rome remains unclear, since no such claim by Hippolytus has been cited in the writings attributed to him.

Eusebius quotes from an unnamed earlier writer the story of Natalius, a 3rd-century priest who accepted the bishopric of the Adoptionists, a heretical group in Rome. Natalius soon repented and tearfully begged Pope Zephyrinus to receive him into communion.

Novatian (d. 258), another third-century figure, certainly claimed the See of Rome in opposition to Pope Cornelius, and if Natalius and Hippolytus were excluded because of the uncertainties concerning them, Novatian could then be said to be the first antipope.

The period in which antipopes were most numerous was during the struggles between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors of the 11th and 12th centuries. The emperors frequently imposed their own nominees to further their own causes. The popes, likewise, sometimes sponsored rival imperial claimants (anti-kings) in Germany to overcome a particular emperor.

The Western Schism – which began in 1378, when the French cardinals, claiming that the election of Pope Urban VI was invalid, elected antipope Clement VII as a rival to the Roman Pope – led eventually to two competing lines of antipopes: the Avignon line as Clement VII moved back to Avignon, and the Pisan line. The Pisan line, which began in 1409, was named after the town of Pisa, Italy, where the (Pisan) council had elected antipope Alexander V as a third claimant. To end the schism, in May 1415, the Council of Constance deposed antipope John XXIII of the Pisan line. Pope Gregory XII of the Roman line resigned in July 1415. In 1417, the council also formally deposed antipope Benedict XIII of Avignon, but he adamantly refused to resign. Afterwards, Pope Martin V was elected and was accepted everywhere except in the small and rapidly diminishing area of influence of Benedict XIII.

List of historical antipopes
The following table gives the names of the antipopes included in the list of popes and antipopes in the Annuario Pontificio, with the addition of the names of Natalius (in spite of doubts about his historicity) and Antipope Clement VIII (whose following was insignificant). An asterisk marks those who were included in the conventional numbering of later popes who took the same name. More commonly, the antipope is ignored in later papal regnal numbers; for example, there was an Antipope John XXIII, but the new Pope John elected in 1958 was also called John XXIII. For the additional confusion regarding popes named John, see Pope John numbering.

The list of popes and antipopes in the Annuario Pontificio attaches the following note to the name of Pope Leo VIII (963–965):

"At this point, as again in the mid-11th century, we come across elections in which problems of harmonising historical criteria and those of theology and canon law make it impossible to decide clearly which side possessed the legitimacy whose factual existence guarantees the unbroken lawful succession of the successors of Saint Peter. The uncertainty that in some cases results has made it advisable to abandon the assignation of successive numbers in the list of the popes."

Thus, because of the obscurities about mid-11th-century canon law and the historical facts, the Annuario Pontificio lists Sylvester III as a pope, without thereby expressing a judgement on his legitimacy. The Catholic Encyclopedia places him in its List of Popes, but with the annotation: "Considered by some to be an antipope". Other sources classify him as an antipope.

As Celestine II resigned before being consecrated and enthroned in order to avoid a schism, Oxford's A Dictionary of Popes (2010) considers he "...is classified, unfairly, as an antipope", a position historian Salvador Miranda also shares.

Those with asterisks (*) were counted in subsequent papal numbering.

Quasi-cardinal-nephews
Many antipopes created cardinals, known as quasi-cardinals, and a few created cardinal-nephews, known as quasi-cardinal-nephews.

Modern minor claimants
Antipopes still exist today, but all are minor claimants, without the support of any Cardinal. Examples include Palmarians, Apostles of Infinite Love Antipopes, and an unknown number of many other Sedevacantist claimants.

Antipope of Alexandria
As the Patriarch of Alexandria, Egypt, has historically also held the title of pope, a person who, in opposition to someone who is generally accepted as a legitimate pope of Alexandria, claims to hold that position may also be considered an antipope. Coptic lector Max Michel became an antipope of Alexandria, calling himself Maximos I. His claim to the Alexandrine papacy was dismissed by both the Coptic Orthodox Pope Shenouda III and Pope Theodore II of the Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria. The Coptic pope of Alexandria and the Greek pope of Alexandria currently view one another, not as antipopes, but rather as successors to differing lines of apostolic succession that formed as a result of christological disputes in the fifth century.

In fiction
Antipopes have appeared as fictional characters. These may be either in historical fiction, as fictional portraits of well-known historical antipopes or as purely imaginary antipopes.
 * Jean Raspail's novel l'Anneau du pêcheur (the fisherman's ring), and Gérard Bavoux's Le Porteur de lumière (the light-bringer).
 * The fictional synth-pop artist Zladko Vladcik claims to be "The Anti-Pope" in one of his songs.
 * Dan Simmons's novels Endymion and The Rise of Endymion feature a Father Paul Duré who is the routinely murdered antipope Teilhard I. At the end of the last novel, it is mentioned that the person calling himself the pope of the Technocore loyal Catholics is recognized by very few even among those, and he is referred to as an antipope.
 * In the Girl Genius comics series, set in a gaslamp fantasy version of Europe thrown into chaos by mad science (among other things), there is a brief reference to the existence of seven popes—all of whom apparently ordered a particular text burned.
 * Ralph McInerny's novel The Red Hat features a schism between liberals and conservatives following the election of a conservative African Pope; the liberal faction elect an Italian cardinal who calls himself "Pius XIII".
 * In the video game Crusader Kings II by Swedish developer Paradox Interactive, Catholic rulers may appoint one of their bishops as an antipope. An emperor-tier ruler such as the Holy Roman Emperor may declare war on the Papal States to install their antipope as the "true" pope, thereby vassalizing the papacy.
 * In the video game Age of Empires II the third scenario in the game's Barbarossa campaign is called "Pope and Antipope" and is based on the Siege of Crema and the subsequent Wars of the Guelphs and Ghibellines.
 * In episode 3 of The Black Adder (set in the late 15th century), "The Archbishop", Baldrick remarks on selling counterfeit papal pardons, that one for the highest crimes requires the signatures of "both popes" (implying one pope and one antipope). At the end of the episode, the Mother Superior of the local convent informs Edmund that he has been excommunicated by "all three popes".
 * The Last Fisherman by Randy England features an anti-pope John XXIV elected in opposition to Pope Brendan I.
 * Bud McFarlane's Pierced by a Sword includes an anti-pope John XXIV who is elected when the assassination attempt on Pope Patrick (fictional successor to John Paul II) is believed to have succeeded. He commits suicide at the end of the book.
 * Chilling Adventures of Sabrina features an antipope who leads the Churches of Darkness. This antipope reigns in the Vatican Necropolis beneath Rome.
 * In The New Pope, after the fictional Pius XIII is put in a coma, Pope Francis II is elected as a replacement. Francis II later dies and is replaced by John Paul III, the titular protagonist. Pius XIII later wakes up, creating a situation where both men have a claim on the Papacy.

External links and bibliography

 * Catholic Encyclopedia: "Antipope"
 * Encyclopædia Britannica: "Antipope"
 * The Pope Encyclopaedia: "Antipope"
 * Kelly, J.N.D, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes, Oxford University Press, US (1986), ISBN 0192139649.
 * Raspail, Jean, 'L'Anneau du pêcheur, Paris: Albin Michel, 1994. 403 pp. ISBN 2226075909.
 * Bavoux, Gérard, Le Porteur de lumière, Paris: Pygmalion, 1996. 329 pp. ISBN 2857044887.

title: Antipope