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Talk:Aa River

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I wouldn't think that all countries would pronounce this the same way. Anyone know for sure? - rmhermen

 * This is pretty much copied verbatim from the 1911 Britannica, so... ugen64 19:55, Aug 28, 2004 (UTC)

This is a stub which was removed from the AA page.... it should be merged with this article at some point:

Aa is the name of a large number of small European rivers. The word is derived from the Old German aha, cognate to the Latin aqua, meaning water (cf. Ger. -ach; Scand. å, aa, pronounced o). The following are the more important streams of this name:— Two rivers in the west of Russia, both falling into the Gulf of Riga, near Riga, which is situated between them; a river in the north of France, falling into the sea below Gravelines, and navigable as far as St Omer; and a river of Switzerland, in the cantons of Lucerne and Aargau, which carries the waters of Lakes Baldegger and Hallwiler into the Aar. In Germany there are the Westphalian Aa, rising in the Teutoburger Wald, and joining the Werre at Herford, the Münster Aa, a tributary of the Ems, and others.

Requested move 28 December 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: This is complicated. It appears there was a consensus to move as proposed, but as the discussion continued the idea of merging Aa River into AA gained traction. At this point I see a consensus to merge the two articles, but merging really isn't a common outcome of a requested move discussion. Nevertheless, this discussion closes in favour of merging this article into AA. I will attempt the merge, and redirect Aa River and Aa (river) to AA. Other editors here are welcome to assist in cleaning up double redirects and double-checking my work. Brad v  04:53, 16 January 2017 (UTC)

Aa River → Aa (river) – The just previously done (yesterday, 27 December) swap by User:JudgeRM between "Aa (river)" and "Aa River" has to be reverted, since Aa River is an incorrect name according WP:NCRIVER. This was already made explicit by the move before the last one (3 December). All listed rivers refer to rivers/articles which are named without River. River is not part of the name of any of the listed rivers! Therefore it would be more than misleading to call the disambigation page "Aa River". ZH8000 (talk) 03:48, 28 December 2016 (UTC) --Relisting. Brad  v  02:54, 7 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment as the person who did the move. The move was requested at WP:RM/TR here as a request to revert an undiscussed move per the rational "an incomplete disambiguation page (disambiguation page Aa exists) / WP:NATURALDIS". Since your original move was contested, I accepted the request and reverted to the old article name. I will not have any say in this other than that, unless WP:SNOW applies, this should run the full seven days. I will also invite the person who made the request to this discussion shortly. JudgeRM   (talk to me)  04:03, 28 December 2016 (UTC)

 * My, this is awkward. Aa (river) should generally be a R from incomplete disambiguation that redirects back to AA, so we would need to merge these dabs. Aa River is a legitimately distinct title per WP:DOUBLEDAB.
 * If we simply move this to Aa (river) then we will need to have Aa (river) (disambiguation) redirecting to Aa (river) for intentional links to disambiguation; is there any precedent for such titles?
 * Checking how other languages handle this; in German we have de:Liste der Gewässer namens Aa (List of waters called Aa). I find just two English articles with such a name – List of rivers named Sainte-Anne and List of streams named Fish Creek. But note Category:Set indices on rivers. I suppose Aa (river) would become a set index member of that category. In French, we have fr:Aa (hydrologie) (Aa (hydrology)). – wbm1058 (talk) 19:58, 28 December 2016 (UTC)

 * Neutral does it matter? It's a dab page. Aa River seems more natural. Too long to merge into Aa dab. In ictu oculi (talk) 09:37, 29 December 2016 (UTC)
 * Support set index – The article would be more natural as List of rivers named Aa and formatted as a River index, rather than a disambiguation page. This also allows us to keep the many rivers added by which do not have an article yet, because red links are normally excluded from dab pages. — JFG talk 22:51, 2 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Support. There isn't anything called "Aa river". The page disambiguates among rivers called "Aa". Maproom (talk) 22:56, 2 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Support per usual river naming conventions. Merge into Aa as several suggest. Dicklyon (talk) 00:31, 5 January 2017 (UTC)
 *  Convert to set index per JFG. The set index would flow better than dabpage and most likely allows references. George Ho (talk) 03:20, 5 January 2017 (UTC)
 * On second thought, probably keep the dabpage and create a separate SIA instead. See my replies to Andrewa below. Convert to SIA as my second choice. --George Ho (talk) 21:03, 5 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Oppose. This is an unusual case, but the current name Aa River seems the least problematical and will give the best reader experience... our bottom line. Agree that a set index would be better than a DAB, but this is about naming the DAB that currently exists. If it's converted to a SIA then we won't need a DAB at all. Andrewa (talk) 09:32, 5 January 2017 (UTC)
 * I want to change my vote, but I am uncertain whether changing it helps. Here are, Andrewa, and . George Ho (talk) 10:59, 5 January 2017 (UTC)
 * George Ho I am unsure of the relevance of this, can you clarify? Andrewa (talk) 19:50, 5 January 2017 (UTC)
 * All right, Andrewa. The whole story is complex and long, but I'll make it short. I had the Nightmare dabpage undeleted via deletion review. Then a set index was attempted via a debate on dabpage. While the RM decision favored the set index, the logs of the SIA and dabpage page were merged into one page. The page was the undeleted dabpage for three years until, recently, the page was changed back to set index. I started another RM recently. The recent RM there still favored the set index, but the closer said that a separate dabpage is possible. Therefore, I had the same person who merged the pages re-split the pages back into two separate pages: one set index and one dabpage. While the Nightmare dabpage/SIA thing is complex, I am using this as a precedent to show you all that having the coexistence of dabpage and SIA is possible... unless having both is... burdensome or something? George Ho (talk) 21:03, 5 January 2017 (UTC)
 * It may well be possible, but are you recommending it in this case? Isn't the merge now proposed the obvious solution? Andrewa (talk) 23:26, 5 January 2017 (UTC)
 * If you are discussing the merger into AA (or Aa), the AA dabpage looks too long for Aa River. However, if merger is highly favored, I won't stop the merger then. George Ho (talk) 23:36, 5 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Aa redirects to AA, the first section of which is Aa which contains links to Aa, Indonesia, Aa, Estonia, and Aa River (disambiguation) (and others which aren't relevant here). A subsection Rivers, replacing the entry Aa River (disambiguation), would be entirely appropriate. Agree that it will be a longish DAB but disagree that this is a problem, the TOC handles that well. Andrewa (talk) 01:24, 6 January 2017 (UTC)
 * But now support the proposed merge rather than SIA, see below. Andrewa (talk) 19:50, 5 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Merge into Aa. As points out, the proposed title cannot be the home of a dab page, since it's partial dab. We'd rather just put all entries over on Aa in a "rivers" section if that's the case, and that woudl also reduce a click for people who typed "Aa" into the search box in the first place. I don't think it works as a set index either, since other than their name, and maybe the origin of the name, the rivers have nothing else in common with each other. There would be little value in the Set index article, readers just want to get to teh Aa river of their choice as quickly as possible.  — Amakuru (talk) 15:41, 5 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Support the merge. Well analysed. And that makes this RM moot (in the US and Australian sense), as the end result will be that both titles redirect to the same place in any case. Andrewa (talk) 20:00, 5 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Support. River Aa is much, much commoner than Aa River, which would generally be seen as an Americanism. Ergo the original name was better. -- Necrothesp (talk) 14:37, 11 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Comment River Aa is as wrong and inappropriate as Aa River is (WP:NCRIVER). River is not part of the name! -- ZH8000 (talk) 15:10, 11 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Even if that is so, doesn't the merge proposal solve it much more neatly? Andrewa (talk) 16:05, 11 January 2017 (UTC)
 * I don't think I said it was. I didn't suggest it should be moved to River Aa! I was, in fact, supporting your proposal! -- Necrothesp (talk) 09:38, 12 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Even if that is so, doesn't the merge proposal solve it much more neatly? (Yes I know I've said that twice... because it cuts both ways.) Andrewa (talk) 16:05, 11 January 2017 (UTC)
 * The merge proposal would be acceptable, but would create a very long disambiguation page. I'd be happier with retaining separate pages. There's certainly considerable precedent for this. -- Necrothesp (talk) 09:41, 12 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Can you be specific as to precedents? Andrewa (talk) 14:56, 12 January 2017 (UTC)
 * Merge per Amakuru; both "River Aa" and "Aa River" are incorrect.  — SMcCandlish ☺ ☏ ¢ ≽ʌⱷ҅ᴥⱷʌ≼  04:09, 13 January 2017 (UTC)

Alternate proposal of merge to Aa
The proposal to merge instead to the existing DAB at Aa seems to have some traction above.

Obviously the redirects would need to point to AA, rather than Aa, to avoid double redirects.

Questions... would it be appropriate for them to point to AA#Rivers? It seems so to me. If so, then is the R to section template also appropriate, as well as the templates already proposed above? Andrewa (talk) 18:31, 6 January 2017 (UTC)

 * yes to all the above. Normally this sort of thing is quite routine, per WP:PARTIALDAB. I'm not sure why this issue is being treated differently. — Amakuru (talk) 16:07, 11 January 2017 (UTC)

 * Agree, and thanks for the link to that essay. IMO it's just because this RM was raised. As soon as it's closed (unless there are some valid objections raised, and I can't imagine what they might be) we can do it. I think we should hold off until then, however.

 * The one objection so far seems to be the length of the resulting DAB. But it's not going to be large to load by article standards, and the TOC will make navigation easy and as fast as a hierarchy of DABS so far as clicks goes, and faster so far as load time goes. I can't see the problem. Interested to see what precedents there may be, as claimed above. Andrewa (talk) 15:04, 12 January 2017 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

title: Talk:Aa River


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Antonio Vivaldi

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music. Along with Johann Sebastian Bach and George Frideric Handel, Vivaldi ranks amongst the greatest Baroque composers and his influence during his lifetime was widespread across Europe, giving origin to many imitators and admirers. He pioneered many developments in orchestration, violin technique and programmatic music. He consolidated the emerging concerto form into a widely accepted and followed idiom.

Vivaldi composed many instrumental concertos, for the violin and a variety of other musical instruments, as well as sacred choral works and more than fifty operas. His best-known work is a series of violin concertos known as The Four Seasons. Many of his compositions were written for the all-female music ensemble of the Ospedale della Pietà, a home for abandoned children. Vivaldi began studying for the priesthood at the age of 15 and was ordained at 25, but was given dispensation to no longer say public Masses due to a health problem. Vivaldi also had some success with expensive stagings of his operas in Venice, Mantua and Vienna. After meeting the Emperor Charles VI, Vivaldi moved to Vienna, hoping for royal support. However, the Emperor died soon after Vivaldi's arrival, and Vivaldi himself died in poverty less than a year later.

After almost two centuries of decline, Vivaldi's musical reputation underwent a revival in the early 20th century, with much scholarly research devoted to his work. Many of Vivaldi's compositions, once thought lost, have been rediscovered – some as recently as 2015. His music remains widely popular in the present day and is regularly played all over the world.

Birth and background
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was born on 4 March 1678 in Venice, then the capital of the Republic of Venice. He was son of Giovanni Battista Vivaldi and Camilla Calicchio, as recorded in the register of San Giovanni in Bragora.

He was baptized immediately after his birth at his home by the midwife, the reason for which has led to speculation. It was most likely done due to his poor health. There is a false rumor that an earthquake struck the city that day. This rumor may have originated from an earthquake that struck Venice on 17 April 1688. The baptismal ceremonies which had been omitted were supplied two months later.

Vivaldi had five known siblings: Bonaventura Tomaso, Margarita Gabriela, Cecilia Maria, Francesco Gaetano, and Zanetta Anna. Vivaldi's health was problematic. One of his symptoms, strettezza di petto ("tightness of the chest"), has been interpreted as a form of asthma. This did not prevent him from learning to play the violin, composing, or taking part in musical activities, although it prevented him from playing wind instruments.

Youth
His father, Giovanni Battista, was a barber before becoming a professional violinist and was one of the founders of the Sovvegno dei musicisti di Santa Cecilia, an association of musicians. He taught Antonio to play the violin and then toured Venice, playing the violin with his young son. Antonio was probably taught at an early age, judging by the extensive musical knowledge he had acquired by the age of 24, when he started working at the Ospedale della Pietà.

The president of the sovvegno was Giovanni Legrenzi, an early Baroque composer and the maestro di cappella at St Mark's Basilica. It is possible that Legrenzi gave the young Antonio his first lessons in composition. Vivaldi's father may have been a composer himself: in 1689, an opera titled La Fedeltà sfortunata was composed by a Giovanni Battista Rossi—the name under which Vivaldi's father had joined the Sovvegno di Santa Cecilia. Vivaldi's early liturgical work Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31) was written in 1691 at the age of thirteen.

In 1693, at the age of fifteen, he began studying to become a priest. He was ordained in 1703, aged 25, and was soon nicknamed il Prete Rosso, "The Red Priest"; Rosso is Italian for "red" and would have referred to the color of his hair, a family trait.

Ospedale della Pietà
While Vivaldi is most famous as a composer, he was regarded as an exceptional technical violinist as well. The German architect Johann Friedrich Armand von Uffenbach referred to Vivaldi as "the famous composer and violinist" and noted in his diary that "Vivaldi played a solo accompaniment excellently, and at the conclusion he added a free fantasy [an improvised cadenza] which absolutely astounded me, for it is hardly possible that anyone has ever played, or ever will play, in such a fashion." In September 1703, Vivaldi (24) became maestro di violino (master of violin) at an orphanage called the Pio Ospedale della Pietà (Devout Hospital of Mercy) in Venice; although it was his talents as a violinist which probably secured him the job, he soon became a successful teacher of music there.

Over the next thirty years he composed most of his major works while working at the Ospedale. There were four similar institutions in Venice; their purpose was to give shelter and education to children who were abandoned or orphaned, or whose families could not support them. They were financed by funds provided by the Republic. The boys learned a trade and had to leave when they reached the age of fifteen. The girls received a musical education, and the most talented among them stayed and became members of the Ospedale's renowned orchestra and choir.

Shortly after Vivaldi's appointment, the orphans began to gain appreciation and esteem abroad, too. Vivaldi wrote concertos, cantatas and sacred vocal music for them. These sacred works, which number over 60, are varied: they included solo motets and large-scale choral works for soloists, double chorus, and orchestra. In 1704, the position of teacher of viola all'inglese was added to his duties as violin instructor. The position of maestro di coro, which was at one time filled by Vivaldi, required a lot of time and work. He had to compose an oratorio or concerto at every feast and teach the orphans both music theory and how to play certain instruments.

His relationship with the board of directors of the Ospedale was often strained. The board had to vote every year on whether to keep a teacher. The vote on Vivaldi was seldom unanimous and went 7 to 6 against him in 1709. After a year as a freelance musician, he was recalled by the Ospedale with a unanimous vote in 1711; clearly during his year's absence the board had realized the importance of his role. He became responsible for all of the musical activity of the institution when he was promoted to maestro de' concerti (music director) in 1716 and responsible for composing two new concertos every month.

In 1705, the first collection (Connor Cassara) of his works was published by Giuseppe Sala: his Opus 1 is a collection of 12 sonatas for two violins and basso continuo, in a conventional style. In 1709, a second collection of 12 sonatas for violin and basso continuo appeared—Opus 2. A real breakthrough as a composer came with his first collection of 12 concerti for one, two, and four violins with strings, L'estro armonico (Opus 3), which was published in Amsterdam in 1711 by Estienne Roger, dedicated to Grand Prince Ferdinand of Tuscany. The prince sponsored many musicians including Alessandro Scarlatti and George Frideric Handel. He was a musician himself, and Vivaldi probably met him in Venice. L'estro armonico was a resounding success all over Europe. It was followed in 1714 by La stravaganza (Opus 4), a collection of concerti for solo violin and strings, dedicated to an old violin student of Vivaldi's, the Venetian noble Vettor Dolfin.

In February 1711, Vivaldi and his father traveled to Brescia, where his setting of the Stabat Mater (RV 621) was played as part of a religious festival. The work seems to have been written in haste: the string parts are simple, the music of the first three movements is repeated in the next three, and not all the text is set. Nevertheless, perhaps in part because of the forced essentiality of the music, the work is considered to be one of his early masterpieces.

Despite his frequent travels from 1718, the Ospedale paid him 2 sequins to write two concerti a month for the orchestra and to rehearse with them at least five times when in Venice. The orphanage's records show that he was paid for 140 concerti between 1723 and 1733.

Opera impresario
In early 18th-century Venice, opera was the most popular musical entertainment. It proved most profitable for Vivaldi. There were several theaters competing for the public's attention. Vivaldi started his career as an opera composer as a sideline: his first opera, Ottone in villa (RV 729) was performed not in Venice, but at the Garzerie Theater in Vicenza in 1713. The following year, Vivaldi became the impresario of the Teatro San Angelo in Venice, where his opera Orlando finto pazzo (RV 727) was performed. The work was not to the public's taste, and it closed after a couple of weeks, being replaced with a repeat of a different work already given the previous year.

In 1715, he presented Nerone fatto Cesare (RV 724, now lost), with music by seven different composers, of which he was the leader. The opera contained eleven arias and was a success. In the late season, Vivaldi planned to put on an opera entirely of his own creation, Arsilda, regina di Ponto (RV 700), but the state censor blocked the performance. The main character, Arsilda, falls in love with another woman, Lisea, who is pretending to be a man. Vivaldi got the censor to accept the opera the following year, and it was a resounding success.

During this period, the Pietà commissioned several liturgical works. The most important were two oratorios. Moyses Deus Pharaonis, (RV 643) is now lost. The second, Juditha triumphans (RV 644), celebrates the victory of the Republic of Venice against the Turks and the recapture of the island of Corfu. Composed in 1716, it is one of his sacred masterpieces. All eleven singing parts were performed by girls of the orphanage, both the female and male roles. Many of the arias include parts for solo instruments—recorders, oboes, violas d'amore, and mandolins—that showcased the range of talents of the girls.

Also in 1716, Vivaldi wrote and produced two more operas, L'incoronazione di Dario (RV 719) and La costanza trionfante degli amori e degli odi (RV 706). The latter was so popular that it was performed two years later, re-edited and retitled Artabano re dei Parti (RV 701, now lost). It was also performed in Prague in 1732. In the years that followed, Vivaldi wrote several operas that were performed all over Italy.

His progressive operatic style caused him some trouble with more conservative musicians such as Benedetto Marcello, a magistrate and amateur musician who wrote a pamphlet denouncing Vivaldi and his operas. The pamphlet, Il teatro alla moda, attacks the composer even as it does not mention him directly. The cover drawing shows a boat (the San Angelo), on the left end of which stands a little angel wearing a priest's hat and playing the violin. The Marcello family claimed ownership of the Teatro San Angelo, and a long legal battle had been fought with the management for its restitution, without success. The obscure text under the engraving mentions non-existent places and names: for example, ALDIVIVA is an anagram of "A. Vivaldi".

In a letter written by Vivaldi to his patron Marchese Bentivoglio in 1737, he makes reference to his "94 operas". Only around 50 operas by Vivaldi have been discovered, and no other documentation of the remaining operas exists. Although Vivaldi may have been exaggerating, it is plausible that, in his dual role of composer and impresario, he may have either written or been responsible for the production of as many as 94 operas—given that his career had by then spanned almost 25 years. While Vivaldi certainly composed many operas in his time, he never attained the prominence of other great composers such as Alessandro Scarlatti, Johann Adolph Hasse, Leonardo Leo, and Baldassare Galuppi, as evidenced by his inability to keep a production running for an extended period of time in any major opera house.

Mantua and the Four Seasons
In 1717 or 1718, Vivaldi was offered a prestigious new position as Maestro di Cappella of the court of prince Philip of Hesse-Darmstadt, governor of Mantua, in the northwest of Italy He moved there for three years and produced several operas, among them Tito Manlio (RV 738). In 1721, he was in Milan, where he presented the pastoral drama La Silvia (RV 734); nine arias from it survive. He visited Milan again the following year with the oratorio L'adorazione delli tre re magi al bambino Gesù (RV 645, now lost). In 1722 he moved to Rome, where he introduced his operas' new style. The new pope Benedict XIII invited Vivaldi to play for him. In 1725, Vivaldi returned to Venice, where he produced four operas in the same year.

During this period Vivaldi wrote the Four Seasons, four violin concertos that give musical expression to the seasons of the year. The composition was probably one of his most famous. Though three of the concerti are wholly original, the first, "Spring", borrows motifs from a Sinfonia in the first act of Vivaldi's contemporaneous opera Il Giustino. The inspiration for the concertos was probably the countryside around Mantua. They were a revolution in musical conception: in them Vivaldi represented flowing streams, singing birds (of different species, each specifically characterized), barking dogs, buzzing mosquitoes, crying shepherds, storms, drunken dancers, silent nights, hunting parties from both the hunters' and the prey's point of view, frozen landscapes, ice-skating children, and warming winter fires. Each concerto is associated with a sonnet, possibly by Vivaldi, describing the scenes depicted in the music. They were published as the first four concertos in a collection of twelve, Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, Opus 8, published in Amsterdam by Michel-Charles Le Cène in 1725.

During his time in Mantua, Vivaldi became acquainted with an aspiring young singer Anna Tessieri Girò, who would become his student, protégée, and favorite prima donna. Anna, along with her older half-sister Paolina, moved in with Vivaldi and regularly accompanied him on his many travels. There was speculation as to the nature of Vivaldi's and Girò's relationship, but no evidence exists to indicate anything beyond friendship and professional collaboration. Vivaldi, in fact, adamantly denied any romantic relationship with Girò in a letter to his patron Bentivoglio dated 16 November 1737.

Late period
At the height of his career, Vivaldi received commissions from European nobility and royalty, some of which are:

 * The serenata (cantata) Gloria e Imeneo (RV 687), was commissioned in 1725 by the French ambassador to Venice in celebration of the marriage of Louis XV, when Vivaldi was 48 years old.

 * The serenata, La Sena festeggiante (RV 694), was written in 1726 for and premiered at the French embassy as well, celebrating the birth of the French royal princesses, Henriette and Louise Élisabeth.

 * Vivaldi's Opus 9, La cetra, was dedicated to Emperor Charles VI. In 1728, Vivaldi met the emperor while the emperor was visiting Trieste to oversee the construction of a new port.

Charles VI admired the music of the Red Priest so much that he is said to have spoken more with the composer during their one meeting than he spoke to his ministers in over two years. He gave Vivaldi the title of knight, a gold medal and an invitation to Vienna. Vivaldi gave Charles a manuscript copy of La cetra, a set of concerti almost completely different from the set of the same title published as Opus 9. The printing was probably delayed, forcing Vivaldi to gather an improvised collection for the emperor.

 * His opera Farnace (RV 711) was presented in 1730; it garnered six revivals. Some of his later operas were created in collaboration with two of Italy's major writers of the time. Vivaldi was accompanied by his father and traveled to Vienna and Prague in 1730.

 * L'Olimpiade and Catone in Utica were written by Pietro Metastasio, the major representative of the Arcadian movement and court poet in Vienna. La Griselda was rewritten by the young Carlo Goldoni from an earlier libretto by Apostolo Zeno.

Like many composers of the time, Vivaldi faced financial difficulties in his later years. His compositions were no longer held in such high esteem as they once had been in Venice; changing musical tastes quickly made them outmoded. In response, Vivaldi chose to sell off sizeable numbers of his manuscripts at paltry prices to finance his migration to Vienna. The reasons for Vivaldi's departure from Venice are unclear, but it seems likely that, after the success of his meeting with Emperor Charles VI, he wished to take up the position of a composer in the imperial court. On his way to Vienna, Vivaldi may have stopped in Graz to see Anna Girò.

Death
Vivaldi moved to Vienna probably to stage operas, especially as he took up residence near the Kärntnertortheater. Shortly after his arrival in Vienna, Charles VI died, which left the composer without any imperial patronage or a steady source of income. Soon afterwards, Vivaldi became impoverished and died during the night of 27/28 July 1741, aged 63, of "internal infection", in a house owned by the widow of a Viennese saddlemaker.

On 28 July, Vivaldi was buried in a simple grave in a burial ground that was owned by the public hospital fund. His funeral took place at St. Stephen's Cathedral. Contrary to popular legend, the young Joseph Haydn who was in the cathedral choir at the time had nothing to do with his burial, since no music was performed on that occasion. His funeral was attended by six pall-bearers and six choir boys (Kuttenbuben), at a "mean" cost of 19 florins and 45 kreuzer. Only a Kleingeläut (small peal of bells), the lowest class, was provided, at a cost of 2 florins and 36 kreuzer.

Vivaldi was buried at the Bürgerspital-Gottesacker cemetery next to St Charles Church, a baroque church in an area which is now part of the site of the TU Wien university. The cemetery existed until 1807. The house where he lived in Vienna has since been destroyed; the Hotel Sacher is built on part of the site. Memorial plaques have been placed at both locations, as well as a Vivaldi "star" in the Viennese Musikmeile and a monument at the Rooseveltplatz.

Only two, possibly three, original portraits of Vivaldi are known to survive: an engraving, an ink sketch and an oil painting. The engraving, which was the basis of several copies produced later by other artists, was made in 1725 by François Morellon de La Cave for the first edition of Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione, and shows Vivaldi holding a sheet of music. The ink sketch, a caricature, was done by Ghezzi in 1723 and shows Vivaldi's head and shoulders in profile. It exists in two versions: a first jotting kept at the Vatican Library, and a much lesser-known, slightly more detailed copy recently discovered in Moscow. The oil painting, which can be seen in the International Museum and Library of Music of Bologna, is anonymous and is thought to depict Vivaldi due to its strong resemblance to the La Cave engraving.

During his lifetime, Vivaldi was popular in many countries throughout Europe, including France, but after his death his popularity dwindled. After the end of the Baroque period, Vivaldi's published concerti became relatively unknown, and were largely ignored. Even his most famous work, The Four Seasons, was unknown in its original edition during the Classical and Romantic periods. Vivaldi's work was rediscovered in the 20th century.

Works
A composition by Vivaldi is identified by RV number, which refers to its place in the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire des oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi", a catalog created in the 20th century by the musicologist Peter Ryom.

Le quattro stagioni (The Four Seasons) of 1723 is his most famous work. The first four of the 12 concertos, titled Il cimento dell'armonia e dell'inventione ("The Contest between Harmony and Invention"), they depict moods and scenes from each of the four seasons. This work has been described as an outstanding instance of pre-19th-century program music. Vivaldi's other notable sets of 12 violin concertos include La stravaganza (The Eccentricity), L'estro armonico (The Harmonic Inspiration) and La cetra (The Lyre).

Vivaldi wrote more than 500 other concertos. About 350 of these are for solo instrument and strings, of which 230 are for violin, the others being for bassoon, cello, oboe, flute, viola d'amore, recorder, lute, or mandolin. About forty concertos are for two instruments and strings, and about thirty are for three or more instruments and strings.

As well as about 46 operas, Vivaldi composed a large body of sacred choral music, such as the Gloria RV 589, Nisi Dominus RV 608, Magnificat RV 610 and Stabet Mater RV 621. Gloria RV 589 remains one of Vivaldi's more popular sacred works. Other works include sinfonias, about 90 sonatas and chamber music.

Some sonatas for flute, published as Il Pastor Fido, have been erroneously attributed to Vivaldi, but were composed by Nicolas Chédeville.

Catalogues of Vivaldi works
Vivaldi's works attracted cataloging efforts befitting a major composer. Scholarly work intended to increase the accuracy and variety of Vivaldi performances also supported new discoveries which made old catalogs incomplete. Works still in circulation today may be numbered under several different systems (some earlier catalogs are mentioned here).

Because the simply consecutive Complete Edition (CE) numbers did not reflect the individual works (Opus numbers) into which compositions were grouped, numbers assigned by Antonio Fanna were often used in conjunction with CE numbers. Combined Complete Edition (CE)/Fanna numbering was especially common in the work of Italian groups driving the mid-20th-century revival of Vivaldi, such as Gli Accademici di Milano under Piero Santi. For example, the Bassoon Concerto in B♭ major, "La Notte" RV 501, became CE 12, F. VIII,1

Despite the awkwardness of having to overlay Fanna numbers onto the Complete Edition number for meaningful grouping of Vivaldi's oeuvre, these numbers displaced the older Pincherle numbers as the (re-)discovery of more manuscripts had rendered older catalogs obsolete.

This cataloging work was led by the Istituto Italiano Antonio Vivaldi, where Gian Francesco Malipiero was both the director and the editor of the published scores (Edizioni G. Ricordi). His work built on that of Antonio Fanna, a Venetian businessman and the Institute's founder, and thus formed a bridge to the scholarly catalog dominant today.

Compositions by Vivaldi are identified today by RV number, the number assigned by Danish musicologist Peter Ryom in works published mostly in the 1970s, such as the "Ryom-Verzeichnis" or "Répertoire des oeuvres d'Antonio Vivaldi". Like the Complete Edition before it, the RV does not typically assign its single, consecutive numbers to "adjacent" works that occupy one of the composer's single opus numbers. Its goal as a modern catalog is to index the manuscripts and sources that establish the existence and nature of all known works.

Style and influence
The German scholar Walter Kolneder has discerned the influence of Legrenzi's style in Vivaldi's early liturgical work Laetatus sum (RV Anh 31), written in 1691 at the age of thirteen.

Vivaldi was also influenced by the Composer Arcangelo Corelli.

Johann Sebastian Bach was deeply influenced by Vivaldi's concertos and arias (recalled in his St John Passion, St Matthew Passion, and cantatas). Bach transcribed six of Vivaldi's concerti for solo keyboard, three for organ, and one for four harpsichords, strings, and basso continuo (BWV 1065) based upon the concerto for four violins, two violas, cello, and basso continuo (RV 580).

Legacy
In the early 20th century, Fritz Kreisler's Concerto in C, in the Style of Vivaldi (which he passed off as an original Vivaldi work) helped revive Vivaldi's reputation. Kreisler's concerto in C spurred the French scholar Marc Pincherle to begin an academic study of Vivaldi's oeuvre. Many Vivaldi manuscripts were rediscovered, which were acquired by the Turin National University Library as a result of the generous sponsorship of Turinese businessmen Roberto Foa and Filippo Giordano, in memory of their sons. This led to a renewed interest in Vivaldi by, among others, Mario Rinaldi, Alfredo Casella, Ezra Pound, Olga Rudge, Desmond Chute, Arturo Toscanini, Arnold Schering and Louis Kaufman, all of whom were instrumental in the revival of Vivaldi throughout the 20th century.

In 1926, in a monastery in Piedmont, researchers discovered fourteen bound volumes of Vivaldi's work but later on discovered to be fifteen that were previously thought to have been lost during the Napoleonic Wars. Some missing tomes in the numbered set were discovered in the collections of the descendants of the Grand Duke Durazzo, who had acquired the monastery complex in the 18th century. The volumes contained 300 concertos, 19 operas and over 100 vocal-instrumental works.

The resurrection of Vivaldi's unpublished works in the 20th century greatly benefited from the noted efforts of Alfredo Casella, who in 1939 organized the historic Vivaldi Week, in which the rediscovered Gloria (RV 589) and l'Olimpiade were revived. Since World War II, Vivaldi's compositions have enjoyed wide success. Historically informed performances, often on "original instruments", have increased Vivaldi's fame still further.

Recent rediscoveries of works by Vivaldi include two psalm settings: Psalm 127, Nisi Dominus RV 803 (in eight movements); and Psalm 110, Dixit Dominus RV 807 (in eleven movements). These were identified in 2003 and 2005, respectively, by the Australian scholar Janice Stockigt. The Vivaldi scholar Michael Talbot described RV 807 as "arguably the best nonoperatic work from Vivaldi's pen to come to light since ... the 1920s".

In February 2002, musicologist discovered 70% of the music for the opera Motezuma (RV 723) in the Sing-Akademie zu Berlin archives. Long thought lost, Dutch musicologist called it "the most important Vivaldi discovery in 75 years." One of the earliest operas to have been set in the Americas, versions were staged in Dusseldorf in 2005 and Long Beach in 2009.

Vivaldi's 1730 opera Argippo (RV 697), which had been considered lost, was rediscovered in 2006 by the harpsichordist and conductor Ondřej Macek, whose Hofmusici orchestra performed the work at Prague Castle on 3 May 2008—its first performance since 1730.

Modern depictions of Vivaldi's life include a 2005 radio play, commissioned by the ABC Radio National and written by Sean Riley. Entitled The Angel and the Red Priest, the play was later adapted for the stage and was performed at the Adelaide Festival of the Arts. Films about Vivaldi include ' (1989), an Italian-French co-production under the direction of Étienne Périer, ' (2006), an Italian-French co-production under the direction of, and Vivaldi, the Red Priest (2009), loosely based on Antonio's life as both priest and composer.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Antonio Vivaldi


text:
Adrian

Adrian is a form of the Latin given name Adrianus or Hadrianus. Its ultimate origin is most likely via the former river Adria from the Venetic and Illyrian word adur, meaning "sea" or "water".

The Adria was until the 8th century BC the main channel of the Po River into the Adriatic Sea but ceased to exist before the 1st century BC. Hecataeus of Miletus (c.550 – c.476 BC) asserted that both the Etruscan harbor city of Adria and the Adriatic Sea had been named after it. Emperor Hadrian's family was named after the city or region of Adria/Hadria, now Atri, in Picenum, which most likely started as an Etruscan or Greek colony of the older harbor city of the same name.

Several saints and six popes have borne this name, including the only English pope, Adrian IV, and the only Dutch pope, Adrian VI. As an English name, it has been in use since the Middle Ages.

Religion

 * Pope Adrian I (c. 700–795)
 * Pope Adrian II (c. 792–872)
 * Pope Adrian III (c. 830–885)
 * Pope Adrian IV (c. 1100–1159), English pope
 * Pope Adrian V (c. 1205–1276)
 * Pope Adrian VI (1459–1523)
 * Adrian of Batanea (died 308), Christian martyr and saint
 * Adrian of Canterbury (died 710), scholar and Abbot of St Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury
 * Adrian of Castello (1460–1521), Italian cardinal and writer
 * Adrian of May (died 875), Scottish saint from the Isle of May, martyred by Vikings
 * Adrian of Moscow (1627–1700), last pre-revolutionary Patriarch of Moscow and All Russia
 * Adrian of Nicomedia (died 306), martyr and Herculian Guard of the Roman Emperor Galerius Maximian
 * Adrian of Ondrusov (died 1549), Russian Orthodox saint and wonder-worker
 * Adrian of Poshekhonye (died 1550), Russian Orthodox saint, hegumen of Dormition monastery in Yaroslavl region
 * Adrian of Transylvania (fl. 1183–1201), Hungarian bishop and chancellor
 * Adrian Fortescue (martyr) (1476–1539), English courtier at Henry VIII's court, beatified as a Roman Catholic martyr
 * Adrian Gouffier de Boissy (1479–1523), French Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal
 * Adrian Kivumbi Ddungu (1923–2009), Ugandan Roman Catholic bishop
 * Adrian Leo Doyle (born 1936), Australian prelate of the Roman Catholic Church

Government and politics

 * Adrian Amstutz (born 1953), Swiss politician
 * Adrian Arnold (1932–2018), American politician
 * Adrian Bailey (born 1945), British politician
 * Adrian Baillie (1898–1947), British politician
 * Adrian A. Basora (born 1938), American diplomat
 * Adrian Benepe, American Commissioner
 * Adrian Bennett (1933–2006), Australian politician
 * Adrian Benjamin Bentzon (1777–1827), Norwegian politician
 * Adrian Berry, 4th Viscount Camrose (1937–2016), British hereditary peer and journalist
 * Adrian P. Burke (1904–2000), American judge and politician
 * Adrián Fernández Cabrera (born 1967), Mexican politician
 * Adrian Cochrane-Watson (born 1967), Irish politician
 * Adrian Davis (civil servant), British economist and civil servant
 * Adrian Delia (born 1969), Maltese politician
 * Adrian Fenty (born 1970), American politician, mayor of Washington D.C.
 * Adrian Flook (born 1963), British politician
 * Adrian Foster (politician), Canadian politician
 * Adrian Hasler (born 1964), Liechtenstein politician
 * Adrian Knatchbull-Hugessen (1891–1976), Canadian lawyer and senator
 * Adrián Vázquez Lázara (born 1982), Spanish politician
 * Adrian Molin (1880–1942), Swedish writer and political activist
 * Adrian Năstase (born 1950), Romanian politician
 * Adrian Neritani, former Permanent Representative of Albania to the United Nations
 * Adrián Rivera Pérez (born 1962), Mexican politician
 * Adrian Piccoli (born 1970), Australian politician
 * Adrian Cola Rienzi (1905–1972), Trinidadin and Tobagonian trade unionist, civil rights activist, politician, and lawyer
 * Adriano Sánchez Roa (born 1956), Dominican politician
 * Adrian Rurawhe (born 1961), New Zealand politician
 * Adrian M. Smith (born 1970), American politician
 * Adrian Sanders (born 1959), British politician
 * Adrian Severin (born 1954), Romanian politician and Member of the European Parliament
 * Adrian Smith (politician) (born 1970), American politician
 * Adrian Stokes (courtier) (1519–1586), English politician
 * Adrian Stoughton (1556–1614), English politician

Academia

 * Adrian Albert (1905–1972), American mathematician
 * Adrian Baddeley (born 1955), Australian scientist
 * Adrian Bailey (academic), American scholar
 * Adrian Bejan (born 1948), Romanian-born professor of mechanical engineering at Duke University
 * Adrian Beverland (1650–1716), Dutch philosopher and jurist who settled in England
 * Adrian Bird (born 1947), British geneticist
 * Adrian Bowyer (born 1952), British engineer, creator of the RepRap project
 * Adrian John Brown (1852–1919), British professor and pioneer
 * Adrian David Cheok (born 1971/1972), Australian electrical engineer and professor
 * Adrian Curaj (born 1958), Romanian engineer
 * Adrian Darby (born 1937), British conservationist and academic
 * Adrian Goldsworthy (born 1969), British historian and author who writes mostly about ancient Roman history
 * Adrian Hardy Haworth (1767–1833), English entomologist, botanist and carcinologist
 * Adrian Ioana (born 1981), Romanian mathematician
 * Adrian Mihai Ionescu, Romanian professor
 * Adrian Ioviță (born 1954), Romanian-Canadian mathematician
 * Adrian Jacobsen (1853–1947), Norwegian ethnologist and explorer
 * Adrian Kaehler, American scientist, engineer, entrepreneur, inventor, and author
 * Adrian Liston (born 1980), British immunologist and author
 * Adrian Paterson, South African scientist and engineer
 * Adrián Recinos (1886–1962), Guatemalan historian, Mayanist and diplomat
 * Adrian Smith (born 1946), British statistician
 * Adrian Stephens (1795–1876), English engineer, inventor of the steam whistle
 * Adrian V. Stokes (1945–2020), British computer scientist
 * Adrian Webb (born 1943), British academic and public administrator
 * Adrian Zenz (born 1974), German anthropologist

Military

 * Adrian Becher (1897–1957), British Army officer and cricketer
 * Adrian von Bubenberg (1434–1479), Bernese knight, military commander and mayor
 * Adrian Carton de Wiart (1880–1963), Belgian-born British Army lieutenant-general awarded the Victoria Cross
 * Adrian Cole (RAAF officer) (1895–1966), Australian World War I flying ace
 * Adrian Johns (born 1951), English governor of Gibraltar and former Royal Navy vice-admiral
 * Adrian Dietrich Lothar von Trotha (1848–1920), German military commander in Africa
 * Adrian Marks (1917–1998), United States Navy pilot
 * Adrian Consett Stephen (1894–1918), Australian artillery officer and playwright
 * Adrian Warburton (1918–1944), British Second World War pilot
 * Adrián Woll (1795–1875), French Mexican general during the Texas Revolution and the Mexican–American War

American football

 * Adrian Amos (born 1993), American football player
 * Adrian Arrington (born 1985), American football player
 * Adrian Awasom (born 1983), Cameroon-born American football player
 * Adrian Baird (born 1979), Canadian football player
 * Adrian Baril (1898–1961), American football player
 * Adrian Battles (born 1987), American football player
 * Adrian Breen (quarterback) (born 1965), American football player
 * Adrian Burk (1927–2003), American football player
 * Adrian Clarke (born 1991), Canadian football player
 * Adrian Clayborn (born 1988), American football player
 * Adrian Colbert (born 1993), American football player
 * Adrian Cooper (born 1968), American football player
 * Adrian Davis (Canadian football) (born 1981), Canadian football player
 * A. J. Davis (cornerback, born 1983), American football player known as A.J. Davis
 * Adrian Dingle (American football) (born 1977), American football player
 * Adrian Ealy (born 1999), American football player
 * Adrian Ford (1904–1977), American football player
 * Adrian Grady (born 1985), American football player
 * Adrian Hamilton (born 1987), American football player
 * Adrian Hardy (born 1970), American football player
 * Adrian Hubbard (born 1992), American football player
 * Adrian Jones (American football) (born 1981), American football player
 * Adrian Killins (born 1998), American football player
 * Adrian Klemm (born 1977), American football player and coach
 * Adrian Madise (born 1980), American football player
 * Adrian Magee (born 1996), American football player
 * Adrian Martinez (American football) (born 2000), American football player
 * Adrian Mayes (born 1980), American football player
 * Adrian Moten (born 1988), American football player
 * Adrian Murrell (born 1970), American football player
 * Adrian Peterson (American football, born 1979), American football player
 * Adrian Peterson (born 1985), American football player
 * Adrian Phillips (born 1992), American football player
 * Adrian Robinson (1989–2015), American football player
 * Adrian Ross (born 1975), American football player
 * Adrian Tracy (born 1988), American football player
 * Adrian White (American football) (born 1964), American football player
 * Adrian Wilson (American football) (born 1979), American football player
 * Adrian Young (American football) (born 1949), American football player

Association football

 * Adrián Aldrete (born 1988), Mexican footballer
 * Adrian Aliaj (born 1976), Albanian footballer
 * Adrian Allenspach (born 1969), Swiss footballer
 * Adrian Alston (born 1949), English footballer
 * Adrián Álvarez (born 1968), Argentine footballer
 * Adrian Anca (born 1976), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Antunović (born 1989), Croatian footballer
 * Adrián Argachá (born 1986), Uruguayan footballer
 * Adrian García Arias (born 1975), Mexican footballer
 * Adrián Arregui (born 1992), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián Ascues (born 2002), Peruvian footballer
 * Adrian Ávalos (born 1974), Argentine footballer
 * Adrian Avrămia (born 1992), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Bajrami (born 2002), Swiss footballer
 * Adrian Bakalli (born 1976), Belgian footballer
 * Adrian Bălan (born 1990), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Balboa (born 1994), Uruguayan footballer
 * Adrian Baldovin (born 1971), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Barbullushi (born 1968), Albanian footballer
 * Adrian Bartkowiak (born 1987), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Basta (born 1988), Polish footballer
 * Adrián Bastía (born 1978), Argentine footballer
 * Adrian Beck (born 1997), German footballer
 * Adrian Benedyczak (born 2000), Polish footballer
 * Adrián Berbia (born 1977), Uruguayan goalkeeper
 * Adrián Bernabé (born 2001), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Bevington (born c. 1971), British football PR and director
 * Adrian Bielawski (born 1996), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Billhardt (born 1997), German footballer
 * Adrian Bird (born 1969), English footballer
 * Adrian Błąd (born 1991), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Blake (born 2005), English footballer
 * Adrian Bogoi (born 1973), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Bone (born 1988), Ecuadorian footballer
 * Adrian Boothroyd (born 1971), English footballer and manager
 * Adrian Borza (born 1985), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Budka (born 1980), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Bumbescu (born 1960), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Bumbut (born 1984), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Butters (born 1988), Canadian soccer player
 * Adrián Butzke (born 1999), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Caceres (born 1982), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián Calello (born 1987), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián Cañas (born 1992), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Cann (born 1980), Canadian soccer player
 * Adrian Cașcaval (born 1987), Moldovan footballer
 * Adrián Centurión (born 1993), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián Čermák (born 1993), Slovak footballer
 * Adrian Chama (born 1989), Zambian footballer
 * Adrián Chávez (born 1962), Mexican footballer
 * Adrian Chomiuk (born 1988), Polish footballer
 * Adrián Chovan (born 1995), Slovak footballer
 * Adrian Cieślewicz (born 1990), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Clarke (footballer) (born 1974), English footballer
 * Adrian Clifton (born 1988), English footballer
 * Adrián Colombino (born 1993), Uruguayan footballer
 * Adrián Colunga (born 1984), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Coote (born 1978), English footballer
 * Adrián Cortés (born 1983), Mexican footballer
 * Adrian Cristea (born 1983), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Cruz (born 1987), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián Cuadra (born 1997), Chilean footballer
 * Adrian Cuciula (born 1986), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Cucovei (born 1982), Moldovan footballer
 * Adrian Dabasse (born 1993), French footballer
 * Adrián Dalmau (born 1994), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Danek (born 1994), Polish footballer
 * Adrián Diéguez (born 1996), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Drida (born 1982), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Dubois (born 1987), American footballer
 * Adrian Dulcea (born 1978), Romanian footballer and manager
 * Adrian Durrer (born 2001), Swiss footballer
 * Adrian Edqvist (born 1999), Swedish footballer
 * Adrián El Charani (born 2000), Venezuelan footballer
 * Adrian Elrick (born 1949), New Zealand footballer
 * Adrián Escudero (1927–2011), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián Faúndez (born 1989), Chilean footballer
 * Adrian Fein (born 1999), German footballer
 * Adrián Fernández (footballer, born 1980), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián Fernández (footballer, born 1992), Paraguayan footballer
 * Adrian Foncette (born 1988), Trinidadian footballer
 * Adrian Forbes (born 1979), English footballer
 * Adrian Foster (footballer) (born 1971), English footballer and manager
 * Adrián Fuentes (born 1996), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián Gabbarini (born 1985), Argentine footballer
 * Adrian Dan Găman (born 1978), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Gheorghiu (born 1981), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Gîdea (born 2000), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián González (footballer, born 1976), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián González (footballer, born 1988), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián González (footballer, born 1995), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián González (footballer, born 2003), Mexican footballer
 * Adrián Hernán González (born 1976), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián Goransch (born 1999), Mexican footballer
 * Adrian Grbić (born 1996), Austrian footballer
 * Adrian Grigoruță (born 1983), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Gryszkiewicz (born 1999), Polish footballer
 * Adrián Gunino (born 1989), Uruguayan footballer
 * Adrian Hajdari (born 2000), Macedonian footballer
 * Adrian Aleksander Hansen (born 2001), Norwegian footballer
 * Adrian Heath (born 1961), English footballer and manager
 * Adrian Henger (born 1996), Polish footballer
 * Adrián José Hernández (born 1983), Spanish footballer, known as Pollo
 * Adrián Horváth (born 1987), Hungarian footballer
 * Adrian Iencsi (born 1975), Romanian footballer and manager
 * Adrian Ilie (born 1974), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Ilie (footballer, born 1981), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Ionescu (footballer, born 1958), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Ionescu (footballer, born 1985), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Ioniță (born 2000), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Iordache (born 1980), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Dragoș Iordache (born 1981), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Jevrić (born 1986), German footballer
 * Adrián Jusino (born 1992), Bolivian footballer
 * Adrian Kappenberger (born 1996), Danish footballer
 * Adrian Kasztelan (born 1986), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Klepczyński (born 1981), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Klimczak (born 1997), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Knup (born 1968), Swiss footballer
 * Adrián Kocsis (born 1991), Hungarian footballer
 * Adrian Kunz (born 1967), Swiss footballer
 * Adrián Lapeña (born 1996), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián Torres Lázaro (born 1998), Spanish footballer commonly known as Lele
 * Adrian Leijer (born 1986), Australian footballer
 * Adrián Leites (born 1992), Uruguayan footballer
 * Adrian LeRoy (born 1987), Canadian soccer player
 * Adrián Leško (born 1995), Slovak footballer
 * Adrian Liber (born 2001), Croatian footballer
 * Adrian Lis (born 1992), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Littlejohn (born 1970), English footballer
 * Adrián Lois (born 1989), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián López (footballer, born 1987), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián López (born 1988), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián Lozano (born 1999), Mexican footballer
 * Adrian Lucaci (1966–2020), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Lucero (born 1985), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián Marín Lugo (born 1994), Mexican footballer
 * Adrián Luna (born 1992), Uruguayan footballer
 * Adrian Łyszczarz (born 1999), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Madaschi (born 1982), Australian footballer
 * Adrian Małachowski (born 1998), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Marek (born 1987), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Mariappa (born 1986), English footballer
 * Adrián Marín (footballer, born 1994), Mexican footballer
 * Adrián Marín (footballer, born 1997), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Mărkuș (born 1992), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Martín (footballer) (born 1982), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián Martínez (Mexican footballer) (born 1970)
 * Adrián Martínez (Venezuelan footballer) (born 1993)
 * Adrián Emmanuel Martínez (born 1992), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián Nahuel Martínez (born 1992), Argentine footballer
 * Adrian Matei (footballer) (born 1968), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Mazilu (born 2005), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Mierzejewski (born 1986), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Mihalcea (born 1976), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Moescu (born 2001), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Mouriño (born 1988), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Mrowiec (born 1983), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Mutu (born 1979), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Nalați (born 1983), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Napierała (born 1982), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Neaga (born 1979), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Negrău (born 1968), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Neniță (born 1996), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Nikçi (born 1989), Swiss footballer
 * Adrian Romeo Niță (born 2003), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Olah (born 1981), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Olegov (born 1985), Bulgarian footballer
 * Adrian Olszewski (born 1993), Polish footballer
 * Adrián Ortolá (born 1993), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Paluchowski (born 1987), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Pătraș (born 1984), Moldovan footballer
 * Adrian Pătulea (born 1984), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Paz (born 1966), Uruguayan footballer
 * Adrian Pelka (born 1981), German footballer
 * Adrian Pennock (born 1971), English footballer
 * Adrián Peralta (born 1982), Argentine footballer
 * Adrian Pereira (born 1999), Norwegian footballer
 * Adrian Petre (born 1998), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Pettigrew (born 1986), English footballer
 * Adrian Pigulea (born 1968), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Piț (born 1983), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Pitu (born 1975), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Popa (footballer, born 1988), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Popa (footballer, born 1990), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Poparadu (born 1987), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Popescu (born 1960), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Popescu (footballer, born 1975), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Pukanych (born 1981), Ukrainian footballer
 * Adrian Pulis (born 1979), Maltese footballer
 * Adrian Purzycki (born 1997), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Rakowski (born 1990), Polish footballer
 * Adrián Ramos (born 1986), Colombian footballer
 * Adrián Ricchiuti (born 1978), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián Riera (born 1996), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián Ripa (born 1985), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Rochet (born 1987), Israeli footballer
 * Adrián Rojas (born 1977), Chilean footballer
 * Adrian Rolko (born 1978), Czech footballer
 * Adrián Romero (Argentine footballer) (born 1975)
 * Adrián Romero (Uruguayan footballer) (born 1977)
 * Adrian Ropotan (born 1986), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Ruelas (born 1991), American soccer player
 * Adrian Rus (born 1996), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Rusu (born 1984), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Sahibeddine (born 1994), French footballer
 * Adrian Sălăgeanu (born 1983), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Sánchez (born 1999), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián San Miguel del Castillo (born 1987), Spanish football goalkeeper known as simply Adrián
 * Adrián Sardinero (born 1990), Spanish footballer
 * Adrian Sarkissian (born 1979), Uruguayan footballer
 * Adrian Scarlatache (born 1986), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Schlagbauer (born 2002), German footballer
 * Adrián Scifo (born 1987), Argentine footballer
 * Adrian Šemper (born 1998), Croatian footballer
 * Adrian Senin (born 1979), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Serioux (born 1979), Canadian soccer player
 * Adrian Sikora (born 1980), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Sosnovschi (born 1977), Moldovan footballer and manager
 * Adrián Spörle (born 1995), Argentine footballer
 * Adrian Spyrka (born 1967), German footballer
 * Adrian Stanilewicz (born 2000), German footballer
 * Adrian Șter (born 1998), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Stoian (born 1991), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Stoicov (1967–2017), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Șut (born 1999), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Świątek (born 1986), Polish footballer
 * Adrián Szekeres (born 1989), Hungarian footballer
 * Adrián Szőke (born 1998), Serbian footballer
 * Adrian Toma (born 1976), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Torres (born 1989), Argentine footballer
 * Adrian Trinidad (born 1982), Argentine footballer
 * Adrián Turmo (born 2001), Spanish footballer
 * Adrián Ugarriza (born 1997), Peruvian footballer
 * Adrian Ursea (born 1967), Romanian footballer and manager
 * Adrian Valentić (born 1987), Croatian footballer
 * Adrian Vera (born 1997), American footballer
 * Adrian Viciu (born 1991), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Viveash (born 1969), English footballer, better known as Adi Viveash
 * Adrian Vlas (born 1982), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Ionuț Voicu (born 1992), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Voiculeț (born 1985), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Webster (footballer, born 1951), English footballer
 * Adrian Webster (footballer, born 1980), New Zealand footballer
 * Adrian Whitbread (born 1971), English footballer and manager
 * Adrian Williams, better known as Ady Williams (born 1971), English footballer and manager
 * Adrian Winter (born 1986), Swiss footballer
 * Adrian Woźniczka (born 1982), Polish footballer
 * Adrian Zahra (born 1990), Australian footballer
 * Adrian Zaluschi (born 1989), Romanian footballer
 * Adrián Zambrano (born 2000), Venezuelan footballer
 * Adrián Zela (born 1989), Peruvian footballer
 * Adrian Zendejas (born 1995), American footballer
 * Adrián Zermeño (born 1979), Mexican footballer

Baseball

 * Adrian Constantine Anson better known as Cap Anson (1852–1922), American baseball player
 * Adrián Beltré (born 1979), Dominican Republic baseball player
 * Adrian Brown (baseball) (born 1974), American baseball player
 * Adrian Burnside (born 1977), Australian baseball player
 * Adrian Cárdenas (born 1987), American baseball player
 * Adrian Devine (1951–2020), American baseball player
 * Adrian Garrett (1943–2021), American baseball player and coach
 * Adrián González (born 1982), American-Mexican baseball player
 * Adrian Houser (born 1993), American baseball player
 * Addie Joss (1880–1911), American baseball pitcher
 * Adrian Lynch (1897–1934), American baseball player
 * Adrián Morejón (born 1999), Cuban baseball player
 * Adrián Nieto (born 1989), Cuban baseball player
 * Adrian Sampson (born 1991), American baseball player
 * Adrián Sánchez (born 1990), Colombian-Venezuelan baseball player
 * Adrián Zabala (1916–2002), Cuban baseball player

Basketball

 * Adrian Autry (born 1972), American basketball player
 * Adrian Banks (born 1986), American basketball player
 * Adrian Bauk (born 1985), Australian basketball player
 * Adrian Branch (born 1963), American basketball player
 * Adrian Caldwell (born 1966), American basketball player
 * Adrian Celada, Filipino basketball player
 * Adrian Dantley (born 1956), American basketball player
 * Adrian Griffin (born 1974), American basketball player
 * Adrian Pledger (born 1976), American basketball player
 * Adrian Smith (basketball) (born 1936), American basketball player
 * Adrian Tudor (born 1985), Romanian basketball player
 * Adrian Williams-Strong (born 1977), American basketball player

Boxing

 * Adrian Blair (born 1943), Australian boxer
 * Adrian Clark (boxer) (born 1986), American boxer
 * Adrian Diaconu (born 1978), Romanian boxer
 * Adrián Hernández (boxer) (born 1986), Mexican boxer
 * Adrian Mora (born 1978), American boxer

Cricket

 * Adrian Aymes (born 1964), British cricketer
 * Adrian Barath (born 1990), West Indian cricketer
 * Adrian Birrell (born 1960), South African cricketer and coach
 * Adrian Brown (cricketer) (born 1962), English cricketer
 * Adrian Jones (cricketer) (born 1961), English cricketer
 * Adrian Rollins (born 1972), English cricketer

Ice hockey

 * Adrian Aucoin (born 1973), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Adrian Foster (ice hockey) (born 1982), Canadian ice hockey player
 * Adrian Kempe (born 1996), Swedish ice hockey player
 * Adrian Wichser (born 1980), Swiss ice hockey player

Racing

 * Adrian Adgar (born 1965), English cyclist
 * Adrian Archibald (born 1969), British motorcycle racer
 * Adrian Banaszek (born 1993), Polish cyclist
 * Adrián Campos (1960–2021), Spanish racing driver
 * Adrián Campos Jr. (born 1988), Spanish racing driver
 * Adrian Carrio (born 1989), American racing driver
 * Adrian "Wildman" Cenni, American off-road racing driver
 * Adrián Fernández (born 1965), Mexican racing driver and team owner
 * Adrián Fernández (motorcyclist) (born 2004), Spanish motorcycle racer
 * Adrián González (cyclist) (born 1992), Spanish cyclist
 * Adrian Kurek (born 1988), Polish road bicycle racer
 * Adrián Martín (motorcyclist) (born 1992), Spanish motorcycle racer
 * Adrian Newey (born 1958), British race car engineer and designer
 * Adrian Quaife-Hobbs (born 1991), British racing driver
 * Adrian Aas Stien (born 1992), Norwegian cyclist
 * Adrian Sutil (born 1983), German racing driver
 * Adrián Vallés (born 1986), Spanish race car driver
 * Adrian Zaugg (born 1986), South African racing driver

Rugby

 * Adrian Apostol (born 1990), Romanian rugby player
 * Adrian Barich (born 1963), Australian rules footballer and television and radio presenter
 * Adrian Barone (born 1987), New Zealand rugby union footballer
 * Adrian Bassett (born 1967), Australian rules footballer
 * Adrian Battiston (born 1963), Australian rules footballer
 * Adrian Beer (born 1943), Australian rules footballer
 * Adrian Clarke (rugby union) (born 1938), New Zealand rugby player
 * Adrian Davies (born 1969), English rugby player
 * Adrian Davis (rugby league) (born 1990), Australian rugby player
 * Adrian Garvey (born 1968), Zimbabwean-born South African rugby union player
 * Adrian Lungu (born 1960), Romanian rugby player
 * Adrian Morley (born 1977), English rugby player
 * Adrian Pllotschi (born 1959), Romanian rugby player and coach
 * Adrian Stoop (1883–1957), English rugby union player
 * Adrian Young (footballer) (1943–2020), Australian rugby player

Swimming

 * Adrian Andermatt (born 1969), Swiss swimmer
 * Adrian Moorhouse (born 1964), English swimmer
 * Adrian O'Connor (born 1972), Irish backstroke swimmer
 * Adrian Radley (born 1976), Australian swimmer
 * Adrian Robinson (swimmer) (born 2000), Botswanan swimmer
 * Adrian Romero (swimmer) (born 1972), Guamanian swimmer
 * Adrian Turner (born 1977), British Olympic swimmer

Tennis

 * Adrian Andreev (born 2001), Bulgarian tennis player
 * Adrian Bey (1938–2019), Rhodesian-born American professional tennis player
 * Adrian Bodmer (born 1995), Swiss tennis player
 * Adrian Bohane (born 1981), Irish-American former professional tennis player
 * Adrian Cruciat (born 1983), Romanian tennis player
 * Adrian Gavrilă (born 1984), Romanian tennis player
 * Adrian Mannarino (born 1988), French tennis player
 * Adrian Marcu (born 1961), professional tennis player from Romania
 * Adrián Menéndez Maceiras (born 1985), Spanish tennis player
 * Adrian Quist (1913–1991), Australian tennis player
 * Adrian Ungur (born 1985), Romanian tennis player
 * Adrian Voinea (born 1974), Romanian tennis player

Other

 * Adrian Adonis (1954–1988), American professional wrestler
 * Adrian Ang (born 1988), Malaysian bowler
 * Adrián Annus (born 1973), Hungarian hammer thrower
 * Adrian Bachmann (born 1976), Swiss sprint canoer
 * Adrian Ballinger (born 1976), British-American climber, skier, and mountain guide
 * Adrián Ben (born 1998) Spanish middle-distance runner
 * Adrian Berce (born 1958), Australian field hockey player
 * Adrian Blincoe (born 1979), New Zealand runner
 * Adrian Błocki (born 1990), Polish racewalker
 * Adrian Breen (hurler) (born 1992), Irish hurler
 * Adrian Cosma (1950–1996), Romanian handball player
 * Adrian Crișan (born 1980), Romanian table tennis player
 * Adrián Gavira (born 1987), Spanish beach volleyball player
 * Adrian Gomes (born 1990), Brazilian gymnast
 * Adrian Gray (born 1981), English darts player
 * Adrian Gunnell (born 1972), English snooker player
 * Adrian Hansen (born 1971), South African squash player
 * Adrian Lewis (born 1985), English darts player
 * Adrian Matei (born 1985), Romanian figure skater
 * Adrian Metcalfe (1942–2021), British runner and sports broadcaster
 * Adrian Neville (born 1986), English professional wrestler, known professionally as Pac
 * Adrian Parker (born 1951), British modern pentathlete and Olympic champion
 * Adrian Patrick (born 1973), English former sprinter
 * Adrián Alonso Pereira (born 1988), Spanish futsal player
 * Adrián Popa (born 1971), Hungarian weightlifter
 * Adrian Rollinson (born 1965), British strongman
 * Adrian Schultheiss (born 1988), Swedish figure skater
 * Adrian Smith (strongman) (born 1964), British strongman
 * Adrian Street (1940–2023), Welsh wrestler and author
 * Adrian Strzałkowski (born 1990), Polish long jumper
 * Adrián Paz Velázquez (born 1964), Mexican Paralympic athlete
 * Adrian Watt (born 1947), American ski jumper
 * Adrian White (equestrian) (born 1933), New Zealand equestrian
 * Adrian Alejandro Wittwer (born 1986), Swiss extreme athlete and ice swimmer
 * Adrian Zieliński (born 1989), Polish weightlifter

Arts and entertainment

 * Adrian Adlam (born 1963), British violinist and conductor
 * Adrian Aeschbacher (1912–2002), Swiss classical pianist
 * Adrian Alandy (born 1980), Filipino actor and model
 * Adrian Allinson (1890–1959), British painter, potter and engraver
 * Adrián Alonso (born 1994), Mexican actor
 * Adrian Alphona, Canadian comic book artist
 * Adrian Anantawan (born 1986), Canadian violinist
 * Adrian Augier, St. Lucian poet and producer
 * Adrian Bică Bădan (born 1988), Romanian footballer
 * Adrian Baker (born 1951), English singer, songwriter, and record producer
 * Adrian Bărar (1960–2021), Romanian guitarist and composer
 * Adrian Barber (1938–2020), English musician and producer
 * Adrian Batten (1591–1637), English organist
 * Adrian Bawtree (born 1968), English composer and organist
 * Adrian Beaumont (born 1937), British composer, conductor, and professor
 * Adrian Beers (1916–2004), British double bass player and teacher
 * Adrian Belew (born 1949), American guitarist, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer
 * Adrian Biddle (1952–2005), English cinematographer
 * Adrian Blevins (born 1964), American poet
 * Adrian Borland (1957–1999), English singer, songwriter, guitarist and record producer
 * Adrian Boult (1889–1983), English conductor
 * Adrian Brown (1929–2019), British director and poet
 * Adrian Brown (born 1949), British conductor
 * Adrian Brunel (1892–1958), English film director and screenwriter
 * Adrian Bustamante (born 1981), American actor
 * Adrián Caetano (born 1969), Uruguayan-Argentine film director, producer and screenplay writer
 * Adrian Carmack (born 1969), American video game artist
 * Adrián Carrio (born 1986), Spanish pianist
 * Adrian Chiles (born 1967), British television and radio presenter
 * Adrian Clarke (photographer), English photographer
 * Adrian Clarke (poet), British poet
 * Adrian Conan Doyle (1910–1970), English race-car driver, big-game hunter, explorer, and writer
 * Adrian Dingle (artist) (1911–1974), Welsh-Canadian painter and comic book artist
 * Adrian Dunbar (born 1958), Northern Ireland actor
 * Adrian Edmondson (born 1957), better known as Ade Edmondson, English actor, comedian, director, writer and musician
 * Adrian Enescu (1948–2016), Romanian composer
 * Adrian Erlandsson (born 1970), Swedish heavy metal drummer
 * Adrian Fisher (musician) (1952–2000), former guitarist for Sparks (band)
 * Adrian Gaxha (born 1984), Macedonian singer-songwriter and producer
 * Adrian Ghenie (born 1977), Romanian painter
 * Adrian Gonzales (1937–1998), Filipino comic book artist
 * Adrián Luis González (born 1939), Mexican potter
 * Adrian Gray (born 1961), British artist
 * Adrian Adolph Greenburg (1903–1959), costume designer for over 250 films, known as simply Adrian
 * Adrian Grenier (born 1976), American actor, producer, director, musician and environmentalist
 * Adrian Griffin (drummer), Australian drummer
 * Adrian Gurvitz (born 1949), English singer, musician and songwriter
 * Adrian Hall (actor) (born 1959), British actor and co-director
 * Adrian Hall (artist) (born 1943), British artist
 * Adrian Hall (director) (1927–2023), American theatre director
 * Adrian Hates (born 1973), German dark wave musician
 * Adrian Heath (1920–1992), British painter
 * Adrian Heathfield, British writer and curator
 * Adrian Hoven (1922–1981), Austrian actor, producer and film director
 * Adrian A. Husain (born 1945), Pakistani poet
 * Adrian Ivaniţchi (born 1947), Romanian folk musician and guitarist
 * Adrian Jones (sculptor) (1845–1938), English sculptor and painter who specialized in animals, particularly horses
 * Adrian Jones (born 1978), Swedish musician, member of Gjallarhorn
 * Adrian Karsten (1960–2005), American sports reporter
 * Adrian Kowanek (born 1977), Polish musician
 * Adrian Le Roy (1520–1598), French string player, composer, music publisher and educator
 * Adrian Leaper (born 1953), English conductor
 * Adrian Legg (born 1948), English guitar player
 * Adrian Lester (born 1968), British actor
 * Adrian Lucas (born 1962), English organist, tutor, and composer
 * Adrian Lulgjuraj (born 1980), Albanian rock singer
 * Adrian Lukis (born 1957), British actor
 * Adrian Lux (born 1986), Swedish disc jockey and music producer
 * Adrian Lyne (born 1941), English filmmaker and producer
 * Adrian Martin (born 1959), Australian film and arts critic
 * Adrian Martinez (actor) (born 1972), American actor and comedian
 * Adrian McKinty (born 1968), Northern Irish writer of crime and mystery novels
 * Adrian Minune (born 1974), Romani-Romanian manele singer
 * Adrian Mitchell (1932–2008), English poet, novelist and playwright
 * Adrian William Moore (born 1956), British philosopher and broadcaster
 * Adrián Navarro (born 1969), Argentine actor
 * Adrian Noble (born 1950), English theatre director
 * Adrian Pasdar (born 1965), American actor and film director
 * Adrian Paul (born 1959), English actor
 * Adrian Pecknold (1920–1999), Canadian mime, director, and author
 * Adrian Petriw (born 1987), Canadian actor
 * Adrian Picardi (born 1987), American filmmaker
 * Adrian Pintea (1954–2007), Romanian actor
 * Adrian Piotrovsky (1898–1937), Russian dramaturge
 * Adrian Piper (born 1948), American conceptual artist and philosophy professor
 * Adrian R'Mante (born 1978), American television actor
 * Adrian Rawlins (born 1958), English actor
 * Adrian Ludwig Richter (1803–1884), German painter and etcher
 * Adrian Rodriguez (DJ), German DJ
 * Adrián Rodríguez (born 1988), Spanish actor and singer from Catalonia
 * Adrian Rodriguez, American bass guitarist for The Airborne Toxic Event
 * Adrian Rollini (1903–1956), American multi-instrumentalist best known for his jazz music
 * Adrian Ross (1859–1933), British lyricist
 * Adrián Rubio, Mexican actor and model
 * Adrian Scarborough (born 1968), English character actor
 * Adrian Scott (1912–1972), American screenwriter and film producer
 * Adrian Shaposhnikov (1888–1967), Russian classical composer
 * Adrian Sherwood (born 1958), English record producer
 * Adrian Sînă (born 1977), Romanian singer-songwriter and record producer
 * Adrian D. Smith (born 1944), American architect
 * Adrian Smith (born 1957), English musician and one of three guitarists/songwriters in the English band Iron Maiden
 * Adrian Smith (illustrator), British illustrator
 * Adrian Steirn, Australian photographer and filmmaker working in Africa
 * Adrian Consett Stephen (1894–1918), Australian artillery officer and playwright
 * Adrian Stokes (critic) (1902–1972), British art critic
 * Adrian Scott Stokes (1854–1935), English landscape painter
 * Adrian Stroe (born 1959), Romanian serial killer
 * Adrian Sturges (born 1976), British film producer
 * Adrián Suar (born 1968), Argentine actor and media producer
 * Adrian Tanner, English writer and director
 * Adrian Taylor (producer) (1954–2014), American television news producer
 * Adrian Tchaikovsky (born 1972), British fantasy and science fiction author
 * Adrián Terrazas-González (born 1975), Mexican jazz composer and wind player
 * Adrian Thaws (born 1968), English musician and actor
 * Adrian Tomine (born 1974), American cartoonist
 * Adrian Utley (born 1957), English musician best known as a member of the band Portishead
 * Adrian Vandenberg (born 1954), Dutch rock guitarist
 * Adrian Wells (born 1989), British-American clinical psychologist, singer and songwriter
 * Adrian White (musician), Canadian drummer
 * Adrian White (author), Anglo-Irish writer
 * Adrian Willaert (c. 1490–1562), Flemish composer of the Renaissance and founder of the Venetian School
 * Adrian Wilson (actor) (born 1969), South African model and actor
 * Adrian Wilson (artist) (born 1964), British artist and photographer
 * Adrian Wong (born 1990), Hong Kong actress
 * Adrian Wright (1947–2015), English-Australian actor
 * Adrian Young (born 1969), American drummer for the rock band No Doubt
 * Adrian Younge (born 1978), American composer, arranger, and music producer
 * Adrian Zagoritis (born 1968), British songwriter and record producer
 * Adrian Zingg (1734–1816), Swiss painter
 * Adrian Zmed (born 1954), American television personality and film actor

Other

 * Adrian Arendt (born 1952), Romanian sailor
 * Adrian Bancker (1703–1772), American silversmith
 * Adrian Beecroft (born 1947), British venture capitalist
 * Adrian Bell (1901–1980), English ruralist journalist, crossword compiler, and farmer
 * Adrian Bellamy (born 1941/1942), British businessman
 * Adrian Block (1567–1627), Dutch explorer of the American East Coast
 * Adrian Brown (archivist) (born 1969), British archivist
 * Adrian Brown (journalist), Australian journalist
 * Adrian Cheng (born 1979), Hong Kong entrepreneur and business executive
 * Adrian Cioroianu (born 1967), Romanian historian, politician, journalist, and essayist
 * Adrian Cronauer (1938–2018), American former lawyer and radio speaker
 * Adrian Diel (1756–1839), German physician
 * Adrian Finighan (born 1964), British journalist
 * Adrian Frutiger (1928–2015), Swiss typeface designer
 * Adrian Fulford (born 1953), British judge
 * Adrian Geiges (born 1960), German writer and journalist
 * Adrian Anthony Gill (1954–2016), British writer and critic
 * Adrian Gonzalez (kidnapper) (born 2000), American kidnapper
 * Adrián Gómez González, Mexican drug lord
 * Adrián Arroyo Gutiérrez (born 1976), Costa Rican serial killer and rapist, known as The Southern Psychopath
 * Adrian Hanauer (born 1966), American businessman and minority owner and general manager of the Seattle Sounders FC
 * Adrian Hayes (adventurer) (born 1959), British explorer
 * Adrian Holovaty (born 1981), American web developer, journalist and entrepreneur
 * Adrian van Hooydonk (born 1964), Dutch automobile designer
 * Adrian Albert Jurgens (1886–1953), South African philatelist
 * Adrian Kantrowitz (1918–2008), American cardiac surgeon
 * Adrian Kashchenko (1858–1921), Ukrainian writer, historian of the Zaporozhian Cossacks
 * Adrian Knox (1863–1932), Australian judge
 * Adrian Künzi (born 1973), Swiss banker
 * Adrian Lamo (born 1981), Colombian-American threat analyst and "grey hat" hacker
 * Adrian Lim (1942–1988), Singaporean serial killer
 * Adrian Long, British civil engineer
 * Adrian Mikhalchishin (born 1954), Ukrainian chess grandmaster
 * Adrian von Mynsicht (1603–1638), German alchemist
 * Adrian Parr (born 1967), Australian philosopher and cultural critic
 * Adrian Păunescu (1943–2010), Romanian poet, journalist, and politician
 * Adrian Plass (born 1948), English author and speaker
 * Adrian Rogers (1931–2005), American pastor, conservative and author
 * Adrian Andrei Rusu (born 1951), Romanian medieval archaeologist
 * Adrian Anthony Spears (1910–1991), American judge
 * Adrián Steckel, Mexican businessman
 * Adrian Stephen (1883–1948), British author and psychoanalyst, brother of Virginia Woolf and Vanessa Bell
 * Adrian Stroe (born 1959), Romanian serial killer
 * Adrian Swire (1932–2018), billionaire British heir and businessman
 * Adrian Ursu (born 1968), Romanian journalist
 * Adrian Weale (born 1964), English writer, journalist, illustrator and photographer
 * Adrian Wewer (1836–1914), German-born American architect and Franciscan friar
 * Adrian White (businessman) (born 1942), British businessman, founder of Biwater
 * Adrian Zecha (born 1933), Indonesian hotelier

Fictional characters

 * Adrien Agreste, a superhero and male protagonist of Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir
 * Adrian Andrews, Ace Attorney character from Justice for All
 * Adrian Chase, DC Comics superhero
 * Adrian Corbo, alias Flex, a Marvel Comics superhero
 * Adrian "Fletch" Fletcher, character on the British medical dramas Casualty and Holby City
 * Adrian Hall, character on the soap opera Home and Away
 * Adrian Ivashkov, character in Richelle Mead's Vampire Academy and protagonist in Bloodlines
 * Adrian Leverkühn, protagonist of Thomas Mann's Doctor Faustus
 * Adrian Mole, protagonist of The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole
 * Adrian Monk, protagonist of the television series Monk
 * Adrian Pennino, wife of Rocky Balboa
 * Adrian Seidelman, character from the Cybersix comic and television series
 * Adrian Shephard, protagonist of the Half-Life expansion "Half-Life: Opposing Force"
 * Adrian Fahrenheit Ţepeş, alias Alucard, character in the Castlevania video games
 * Adrian Toomes, alias Vulture, a Marvel Comics villain
 * Adrian Veidt, alias Ozymandias, character in the Watchmen graphic novel series
 * Adrian Woodhouse, spawn of Satan in the film Rosemary's Baby
 * Adrian, in Shakespeare's Coriolanus
 * Adrian, a mental woman in The Crush (1993 film)
 * Adrian, a son of Satan in Little Nicky

title: Adrian


text:
Aare

The Aare or Aar  is the main tributary of the High Rhine (its discharge even exceeds that of the latter at their confluence) and the longest river that both rises and ends entirely within Switzerland.

Its total length from its source to its junction with the Rhine comprises about 295 km, during which distance it descends 1565 m, draining an area of 17779 km2, almost entirely within Switzerland, and accounting for close to half the area of the country, including all of Central Switzerland.

There are more than 40 hydroelectric plants along the course of the Aare.

The river's name dates to at least the La Tène period, and it is attested as Nantaror "Aare valley" in the Berne zinc tablet.

The name was Latinized as Arula/Arola/Araris.

Course

The Aare rises in the great Aargletschers (Aare Glaciers) of the Bernese Alps, in the canton of Bern and west of the Grimsel Pass. The Finsteraargletscher and Lauteraargletscher come together to form the Unteraargletscher (Lower Aar Glacier), which is the main source of water for the Grimselsee (Lake of Grimsel). The Oberaargletscher (Upper Aar Glacier) feeds the Oberaarsee, which also flows into the Grimselsee. The Aare leaves the Grimselsee just to the east to the Grimsel Hospiz, below the Grimsel Pass, and then flows northwest through the Haslital, forming on the way the magnificent Handegg Waterfall, 46 m, past Guttannen.

Right after Innertkirchen it is joined by its first major tributary, the Gamderwasser. Less than 1 km later the river carves through a limestone ridge in the Aare Gorge (Aareschlucht). It is here that the Aare proves itself to be more than just a river, as it attracts thousands of tourists annually to the causeways through the gorge. A little past Meiringen, near Brienz, the river expands into Lake Brienz. Near the west end of the lake it indirectly receives its first important tributary, the Lütschine, by the Lake of Brienz. It then runs across the swampy plain of the Bödeli (Swiss German diminutive for ground) between Interlaken and Unterseen before flowing into Lake Thun.

Near the west end of Lake Thun, the river indirectly receives the waters of the Kander, which has just been joined by the Simme, by the Lake of Thun. Lake Thun marks the head of navigation. On flowing out of the lake it passes through Thun, and then flows through the city of Bern, passing beneath eighteen bridges and around the steeply-flanked peninsula on which the Old City is located. To the south of the Old City peninsula is the Mattenschwelle, a weir which provides water for the small Matte hydroelectric power plant. River swimming in the Aare is popular in Bern, and the river is sometimes full of bathers on summer days. The river soon changes its northwesterly flow for a due westerly direction, but after receiving the Saane or La Sarine it turns north until it nears Aarberg. There, in one of the major Swiss engineering feats of the 19th century, the Jura water correction, the river, which had previously rendered the countryside north of Bern a swampland through frequent flooding, was diverted by the Aare-Hagneck Canal into the Lac de Bienne. From the upper end of the lake, at Nidau, the river issues through the Nidau-Büren Canal, also called the Aare Canal, and then runs east to Büren. The lake absorbs huge amounts of eroded gravel and snowmelt that the river brings from the Alps, and the former swamps have become fruitful plains: they are known as the "vegetable garden of Switzerland".

From here the Aare flows northeast for a long distance, past the ambassador town Solothurn (below which the Grosse Emme flows in on the right), Aarburg (where it is joined by the Wigger), Olten, Aarau, near which is the junction with the Suhre, and Wildegg, where the Seetal Aabach falls in on the right. A short distance further, below Brugg, it receives first the Reuss, its major tributary, and shortly afterwards the Limmat, its second strongest tributary. It now turns due north, and soon becomes itself a tributary of the Rhine, which it even surpasses in volume when the two rivers unite downstream from Koblenz (Switzerland), opposite Waldshut in Germany. The Rhine, in turn, empties into the North Sea after crossing into the Netherlands.

Tributaries

 * Limmat (after and northeast of Brugg, and northwest of Baden)
 * Reppisch
 * Sihl
 * Alp
 * Minster
 * Lake Zurich
 * Jona
 * Wägitaler Aa
 * Linthkanal
 * Lake Walen
 * Linth
 * Löntsch
 * Sernf
 * Flätschbach
 * Seez
 * Seerenbach
 * Reuss (after and northeast of Brugg, and northwest of Baden)
 * Lorze
 * Kleine Emme
 * Lake Lucerne
 * Sarner Aa
 * Engelberger Aa
 * Muota
 * Schächen
 * Chärstelenbach
 * Göschener Reuss
 * Aabach (coming from Seetal, in Wildegg)
 * Bünz
 * Suhre (after and north of Aarau)
 * Wyna
 * Aabach (from the left in Aarau)
 * Stegbach
 * Dünnern (in Olten)
 * Wigger (right before Aarburg)
 * Murg (before, west of Murgenthal)
 * Rot (Roggwil)
 * Langete (Langenthal)
 * Ursenbach (Kleindietwil)
 * Rotbach (Huttwil)
 * (Grosse) Emme (after, east of Solothurn)
 * Lake of Bienne
 * La Suze (in Biel/Bienne, right next to the outflow)
 * Zihlkanal
 * Lake of Neuchatel
 * La Broye (flows through Lake Morat)
 * Zihl/La Thielle
 * L'Orbe
 * Le Talent
 * Saane/La Sarine (after, west of Wohlensee)
 * Sense
 * Gürbe (in Muri bei Bern)
 * Zulg (west of Steffisburg)
 * Lake Thun
 * Kander (west of Spiez)
 * Simme
 * Entschlige
 * Lake Brienz
 * Lütschine (at the end of Lake Brienz, right next to the outflow)
 * Gadmerwasser (right after, northwest of Innertkirchen)

Reservoirs

 * Lake Grimsel, 1908 m
 * Lake Brienz, 564 m
 * Lake Thun, 558 m
 * Lake Wohlen, 481 m
 * Niederriedsee, 461 m
 * Lake Biel, 429 m
 * Klingnauer Stausee, 318 m

title: Aare


text:
Abbotsford, Scottish Borders

Abbotsford is a historic country house in the Scottish Borders, near Galashiels, on the south bank of the River Tweed. Now open to the public, it was built as the residence of historical novelist and poet Sir Walter Scott between 1817 and 1825. It is a Category A Listed Building and the estate is listed in the Inventory of Gardens and Designed Landscapes in Scotland.

Description
The nucleus of the estate was a farm of 100 acre, called Cartleyhole, nicknamed Clarty (i.e., muddy) Hole, and was bought by Scott on the lapse of his lease (1811) of the neighbouring house of Ashestiel. Scott renamed it "Abbotsford" after a neighbouring ford used by the monks of Melrose Abbey.

Following a modest enlargement of the original farmhouse in 1811–1812, massive expansions took place in 1816–1819 and 1822–1824. In this mansion Scott gathered a large library, a collection of ancient furniture, arms and armour, and other relics and curiosities especially connected with Scottish history, notably the Celtic Torrs Pony-cap and Horns and the Woodwrae Stone, all now in the Museum of Scotland. Scott described the resulting building as "a sort of romance in Architecture" and "a kind of Conundrum Castle to be sure".

The last and principal acquisition was that of Toftfield (afterwards named Huntlyburn), purchased in 1817. The new house was then begun and completed in 1824.

The general ground-plan is a parallelogram, with irregular outlines, one side overlooking the Tweed; and the style is mainly the Scottish Baronial. With his architects William Atkinson and Edward Blore Scott was a pioneer of the Scottish Baronial style of architecture: the house is recognized as a highly influential creation with themes from Abbotsford being reflected across many buildings in the Scottish Borders and beyond.

The manor as a whole appears as a "castle-in-miniature", with small towers and imitation battlements decorating the house and garden walls. Into various parts of the fabric were built relics and curiosities from historical structures, such as the doorway of the old Tolbooth in Edinburgh.

Scott collected many of these curiosities to be built into the walls of the South Garden, which previously hosted a colonnade of gothic arches along the garden walls. Along the path of the former colonnade sits the remains of Edinburgh's 15th century Mercat Cross and several examples of classical sculpture.

The estate and its neo-Medieval features nod towards Scott's desire for a historical feel, but the writer ensured that the house would provide all the comforts of modern living. As a result, Scott used the space as a proving-ground for new technologies. The house was outfitted with early gas lighting and pneumatic bells connecting residents with servants elsewhere in the house.

Scott had only enjoyed his residence one year when (1825) he met with that reverse of fortune which involved the estate in debt. In 1830, the library and museum were presented to him as a free gift by the creditors. The property was wholly disencumbered in 1847 by Robert Cadell, the publisher, who cancelled the bond upon it in exchange for the family's share in the copyright of Sir Walter's works.

Scott's only son Walter did not live to enjoy the property, having died on his way from India in 1847. Among subsequent possessors were Scott's grandson Walter Scott Lockhart (later Walter Lockhart Scott, 1826–1853), his younger sister Charlotte Harriet Jane Hope-Scott (née Lockhart) 1828–1858, J. R. Hope Scott, QC, and his daughter (Scott's great-granddaughter), the Hon. Mrs Maxwell Scott. The house was opened to the public in 1833, but continued to be occupied by Scott's descendants until 2004. The last of his direct descendants to hold the Lairdship of Abbotsford was his great-great-great-granddaughter Dame Jean Maxwell-Scott (8 June 1923 – 5 May 2004). She inherited it from her elder sister Patricia Maxwell-Scott in 1998. The sisters turned the house into one of Scotland's premier tourist attractions, after they had to rely on paying visitors to afford the upkeep of the house. It had electricity installed only in 1962.

Dame Jean was at one time a lady-in-waiting to Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester, patron of the Dandie Dinmont Club, a breed of dog named after one of Sir Walter Scott's characters; and a horse trainer, one of whose horses, Sir Wattie, ridden by Ian Stark, won two silver medals at the 1988 Summer Olympics.

On Dame Jean's death the Abbotsford Trust was established to safeguard the estate.

In 2005, Scottish Borders Council considered an application by a property developer to build a housing estate on the opposite bank of the River Tweed from Abbotsford, to which Historic Scotland and the National Trust for Scotland objected. There have been modifications to the proposed development, but it is still being opposed in 2020.

Sir Walter Scott rescued the "jougs" from Threave Castle in Dumfries and Galloway and attached them to the castellated gateway he built at Abbotsford.

Tweedbank railway station is located near to Abbotsford.

Miscellaneous

Abbotsford gave its name to the Abbotsford Club, founded by William Barclay Turnbull in 1833 or 1834 in Scott's honour, and a successor to the Bannatyne and Maitland Clubs. It was a text publication society, which existed to print and publish historical works connected with Scott's writings. Its publications extended from 1835 to 1864.

In August 2012, a new Visitor Centre opened at Abbotsford which houses a small exhibition, gift shop and Ochiltree's café with views over the house and grounds. The house re-opened to the public after extensive renovations in July 2013.

In 2014 it won the European Union Prize for Cultural Heritage / Europa Nostra Award for its then recent conservation project.

title: Abbotsford, Scottish Borders