text:
Talk:Auteur

Pretentious nonsense
Thus unsurprising that it comes from French so-called 'cinema theory'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.12.18.195 (talk) 14:38, 28 March 2022 (UTC)
 * You know what’s even more pretentious and nonsensical? Creating a section on a talk page to declare the topic pretentious and nonsensical. Ganondox (talk) 21:28, 15 February 2023 (UTC)

Quotes from Truffaut
There are several quotes from Truffaut (particularly under "Truffaut's development") that are said to be taken from "Une certaine tendance du cinéma français". I can't find either of these in the actual text and there are no references to follow...

Fundamental problem
A fundamental problem with this page -references to irony, which are in fact, not ironic, just coincidental etc. Someone with knowledge of film and semantics could tidy

Just a nit-pick; despite what the introduction says here, "auteurism" is a method of critical study, while the Auteur Theory is indeed an actual theory, namely (as the article goes on to explain) the theory that the director is (or should be, depending on one's interpretation) a film's primary author.

Astruc's 1948 essay ought to be mentioned here. The idea of the camera stylo is a rather obvious precursor to the auter. Deleuze 20:08, 15 May 2005 (UTC)

I hope you don't mind such a complete rewrite; it just happens that I was reading on this subject recently.

Add anything that's missing, but please keep the first sentence, which is from your original--it is THE best brief statement of the auteur position that I've ever seen.

I don't mind at all; I didn't write the original but merely moved it from Auteur Theory Film. I didn't know anything about Auteur theory one way or the other, as film theory tends to bore me. And I do think the article is much better as it is, apologies to the original author....

I just did a major rewrite of this article and included the Astruc, plus Bazin and a section on post-war cinema. I have removed the following section (next paragraph) which I find too close to personal opinon. I am also hesitant about the final paragraph in the article (which I have left). Also, the comparison between Renoir and Delannoy in the first paragraph should be explained (why?) or removed. User:NYArtsnWords Aug 13, 2005

"The strength of this theory (and the logical penchant for directors to support it) has been blamed for the irrational lack of attention some early directors received during the heyday of film theory. Howard Hawks was argued to be a hack because he had too many movies across too many genres. Allan Dwan still has not received much critical recognition both because too few of his films are in circulation and he made too many without contemporary attention."

I think this article has been vandalized. What is 'Noirgger Theory'? I'm pretty sure this is racist nonsense. Can someone please confirm. Thanks. ..........Yes, this is vandalism, and I believe it was 76.169.224.40. Could someone please fix this article?

On your first and fundamental point, you are completely wrong. Auteur theory does not posit that the director is the film's author, it doesn't have to do that because we are defined as such in law. It almost does the opposite, making a distinction between those that are and those that are not, implying that studio hired directors are just baby sitters for a collective that make a film together. Like most film theory, evidence is based on deconstruction of the finished product rather than scientific analysis of the whole process, which is difficult due to both it's complexity and the esoteric nature. Filmmaker2011 (talk) 16:33, 13 February 2014 (UTC)

Link suggestions
An automated Wikipedia link suggester has some possible wiki link suggestions for the Auteur_theory article, and they have been placed on this page for your convenience. Tip: Some people find it helpful if these suggestions are shown on this talk page, rather than on another page. To do this, just add to this page. — LinkBot 10:32, 17 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Whoever wrote this article has no idea what the auteur theory was. The state " Howard Hawks was argued to be a hack because he had too many movies across too many genres." However, anyone with the slightest information on the theory would know Hawks was ranked as high as Hitchcock by the young Cahiers critics. Andre Bazin, thier mentor, jokingly called the Cahiers critics "Hitchcocko-Hawksians." One source for info: http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0001328/bio. Please fix this immediatly.

Proposed merge
I'm not sure a merge of Auteur and Auteur theory is the best idea - Auteur serves a purpose right now, giving a working definition and a list of directors that work with Auteur theory well. -Seth Mahoney 19:26, Apr 3, 2005 (UTC)

 * "a list of directors that work with Auteur theory well" - LMAO. The whole thing is pretentious nonsense. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 92.12.18.195 (talk) 14:39, 28 March 2022 (UTC)

 * I agree. --Smell? 07:12, 21 December 2005 (UTC)

Alternate views
Any critics of the Auteur theory out there want to add their 2 cents to this article? I read somewhere that Peter Bogdanovich films are often used as an example to debunk the theory since his early movies were masterpeices, and then everything he did after sucked amazingly. If the theory was true, he would have continued to make classics.

 * I think that's an absurdly simplistic view of auteur theory. But one criticism is that films by an auteur can be treated with reverence even when they suck (such as Kubrick's Fear and Desire. The Singing Badger 16:31, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

Genre theory
I justed posted the sentence below to the auteur theory page but removed because I see that there has been a lot of writing on this page and I do not want to mess up your work.

In recent years, the auteur theory has been contrasted with genre theory.

I do not want to contradict the auteur theory (it brought us some wonderful movies), but it bothers me that the auteur theory never brings up 'genre' directors like David Cronenberg or Radley Metzger or Roger Corman.

The auteur theory is another instance of the cult of personality of the great man theory which tends to exclude the excellent work of some directors of escapist fiction. Do you think a link to genre studies deserves a mention in the article? --Jahsonic 16:27, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * These are all good points and should definitely be in the article. Why not create a new section called 'Problems with Auteur Theory' and put into it everything you've said above? Then other people can add to it. The Singing Badger 16:37, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Sounds like a good idea, Singing Badger. The auteur theory has also had a hard time with "création collective" (cf the French theater director Ariane Mnouchkine) and collaborative styles of filmmaking that do not focus on one "author" -- styles of filmmaking that have been increasingly common in indepedent filmmaking since the 60s.  Some of these issues should also be brought up in an article on the Hollywood studio system, and the question of whether a director or producer or screenwriter (or anyone) can translate their personal obsessions to the screen. NYArtsnWords 17:17, 25 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I have expanded my original comments and published them on User:Jahsonic . As is, I believe the notes are too bold to feature on the main page, but feel free to use any part you would wish to include. --Jahsonic 11:01, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

 * I do not agree with the above statement that autuer theory is an instance of cult of the personality, or that genre theory is at odds with it. Of course directors of escapist fiction can be autuers, there is no exclusions as such, It is interesting how AT polarizes people according often to their specific interests (see the criticism in perspective section), but in the end it was and is a system to identify the distinction of a film that has an authorial voice versus one that doesn't through the analysis of the canon's of well known directors. This is also an alternative answer to the 'what is it' question.--Filmmaker2011 (talk) 09:21, 23 April 2011 (UTC)

(Hollywood does not equal "studio system" per se)
In the above paragraph I had linked studio system to hollywood Hollywood|studio system. After comments from NYArtsnWords, I wrote this on NYArtsnWords's talk page. It is, I believe, of relevance here.

 * Yes, you are right, I was tempted to link it out of frustration that there is no article on the studio system (which I am sure, is a European phenomenon as well), thanks for removing the link. I thought it would be rather harmless because I posted it on a talk page. I find it interesting that quite a number of pages link to the studio system entry http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:Whatlinkshere/Studio_system, but that no one has written an article about it. The reason is perhaps that the studio system a number of negative connotations related to commercialism and Hollywood. There is however also a historical background, of which I do not know enough to write the entry. For the time being I have redirected studio system to Hollywood, because, if you check the "what links here page", it most commonly refers to Hollywood --Jahsonic 08:28, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

Merge Auteur Theory
I believe that these two articles are discussing the same topic. Could someone who is knowledgable in the field please merge them? --M @ r ē ino 04:01, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

 * I did the merge (keeping a couple sentences) and redirect from Auteur Theory (created 2/12/06) to here.--NYArtsnWords 05:30, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

POV Problems, OR, and irrelevancies in "Criticism"
I just did a clean-up of the Criticism section. I removed the whole paragraph about "psychoanalytical film criticism" because it was overly detailed, abstruse, and seemingly irrelevant. For one thing, I don't see how an emphasis on the "unconscious" of the director as contributing to the meaning of a film actually contradicts the auteur theory! Clconway (talk) 15:26, 7 February 2008 (UTC)

Yes, but what is it?
I'm sorry to sound totally ignorant, but I am on this subject, so there you go. After reading the article, I still didn't know what auteur theory really is. OK, in auteur theory, the director is the "author", at least in the case of directors who follow auteurism. (I think.) Based on this article, I couldn't say with confidence if a given director, say Ron Howard, is a follower of auteur theory. Likewise, I couldn't say if Roger Ebert is a critic who follows auteur theory. Some of the comments on the talk page were helpful. I think including contrasts to other theories, such as genre theory would be helpful. Also, a history of what preceded auteur theory would be helpful. Finally, why do we need auteur theory? I'm not asking about the article itself, but rather why did somebody think it was important to view movies this way? Lon of Oakdale (talk) 14:56, 2 May 2008 (UTC)

The auteur theory states that the director is the primary author of the film; according to the theory, this is just the way it is, and a director doesn't have to be a "follower" of the theory for it to apply, just like whether we evolved from other forms of life is true or false regardless of whether one is a follower of the "theory of evolution." As for critics, to use your example, Ebert does follow the auteur theory; one can tell by reading his reviews and noticing his tendency to praise or criticize directors, while leaving screenwriters relatively undiscussed. As for why we "need" the auteur theory, we need the theory for the same reason we need any theory on art, cinema, or literature: it helps us better understand the medium. Hope that answers your questions. Minaker (talk) 21:47, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

Importance of the theory
To answer some of the points here and as a justification for the section I added (criticism in perspective), Autuer theory is something that whilst being fairly marginal in terms of current academic interest (being seen mostly as part of a specific historical milieu within film ie part of the French New Wave) is relevant to anyone serious about producing quality film. To put it another way it is probably more relevant to filmmakers (directors) than a lot of what exists as 'audience' theory because it deals with the relationship of the process to the finished product. Other areas such as genre studies deal with the choices made and their perception by audiences rather than defining wherein lie the 'sources' of quality. A major issue with this article in my opinion is it's focus on the question of who is the author. Take for instance the work of Andrew Sarris which has only the briefest of mention in the article next to Pauline Kael (who's motivation as a writer was to catch peoples attention on the subject of specific films for mainstream newspaper articles, not to advance autuer theory through debate). Upshot is that to me this article is incomplete for something that is and always will be of importance, if only to filmmakers, and it should contain more information and examples about the 'signatures' of respected directors. I would be grateful for any assistance in improving (with examples) the section 'criticism in perspective' and would welcome a debate here upon this and other sections of the article. I intend to add more for instance on Andrew Sarris, without generally removing or changing anything within it's current form, which is factual but incomplete or not comprehensive enough in my opinion. --Filmmaker2011 (talk) 09:21, 23 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Your "Criticism in Perspective" section is overwhelmingly your own opinion. You cite no references and the language and material would be better suited for an essay, not as part of an encyclopedic entry. I am, therefore, removing it. --Lindhorst (talk) 10:30, 24 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I simply do not agree, there are plenty of citations available they just haven't been added yet. If the language is not appropriate then as I stated above others are welcome to change it. I made other changes which you have not found fit to just vanish. Statements like all the criticism in this article or those available anywhere are only from writers (with none from other important team members) is a fact. If you like we can seek arbitration from an administrator but I re-adding this section, and when I have time will add citations and clean it up. I spent a lot of time on the research for this, and have relevant qualifications. I can see no other edits from you in this or any other subject area Lindhorst and to label this vandalism calls into your judgement into question--Filmmaker2011 (talk) 09:11, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The question of authorial authority is a touchy one with writers who are over represented in theory about a practical art.--Filmmaker2011 (talk) 09:22, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Encyclopaedic is a standard of perfection of collections of data that is never reached (athough we strive for it). Where does it say that example is meaningless in wikipedia guidelines? Example in some cases is as good as citation which unless the citation is fully verified (how is that done by whom?) can be extremely misleading. There are things to be understood (there is plenty of evidence for problems with this see above) about AT that can only be done in analysis, and I felt that there were points that could be clarified using an analysis of critism (although I admit my bias is as clear as the writers but I didn't delete their opinion!). How then would you Lindhorst include the fact that films like 'In the mood for love' exist alongside the 'criticism' from writers that say a writer is the author of a film? Style notwithstanding, the content should stand.--Filmmaker2011 (talk) 09:41, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I will rephrase my argument. The section "Criticism in Perspective" gives undue weight to the opinion that the criticism of AT is fundamentally flawed because said criticism comes only from writers. Until you provide legitimate sources that also express this opinion, it remains a viewpoint not suitable for inclusion in this article. A promise to provide sources later can hardly be seen as a reasonable excuse if you are as familiar with the material as you claim to be. You've used far more time in countering my argument than it would take to type in a source that you have researched. I do think seeking arbitration from an administrator would be appropriate as I do not think we will come to a satisfactory conclusion. You are right that I am new to Wikipedia and since you have offered to seek out arbitration, please do. As a show of good faith, I will leave the section untouched until such arbitration (as long as you seek arbitration within a reasonable amount of time; say, a month). --Lindhorst (talk) 20:30, 25 April 2011 (UTC) 20:29, 25 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I already sought advice and if you want you can read the reply on my talk page. You are not wrong about the rules as they apply to this part of my input to this article (enjoy the infinite telescoping amount of clean up work, or is your interest solely limited to this article?). However, AT is wholly misrepresented by populist critics like Kael. For this there is a mountain of citation, because it involves the well documented, self serving critic war in the press between kael an sarris (like the famous quote that kael talked down to her audience whereas sarris challenged them to raise to his level - he is a professor at columbia). My aim was to restrict myself to using the writers arguments to help clarify an esoteric subject which people are having problems with (see above) without giving further undeserved weight to this subject which is in my opinion by application of common sense (logic and experience) off topic. You would probably easily get support for your 'crusade', simply because it is much easier to rigidly apply rules than it is to add to (difficult) content. I'm sure many would agree that this is exactly where wikipedia is better than any encyclopedia, because it goes further, including a lot of original collations of information ('original research' yes) that are inherently biased in a myriad of ways by those collating. The ideals are just a kind of loose limit to strive for. There are other online encyclopedias that are written by a small number of admin, but these aren't as popular nor as comprehensive. You yourself were obviously motivated by a bias of interest, you seem to write very well :). Where is the debate of the points that I raised? The talk page isn't only for admin like application of rules. Exactly how is the content (not form) wrong in your opinion? I refer to a common knowledge (that was the point of the legal decision example that I removed because out of all the new points I raised that was the most obvious ie that the law didn't look to AT to make it's decision), a common knowledge between those to whom AT really applies ie directors. To everyone else this is esoteric. So look, you win, go ahead remove away and maybe I'll take the time to add some specific citable references to the nub of the writers 'hijack', but probably not because to me that would detract, confuse and mislead further the people coming to the page to seriously learn about AT. Without my addition the article is maybe O'level film studies level, all present and correct, but just make sure you unlearn what you were taught if you want to apply it in the real world.--Filmmaker2011 (talk) 07:50, 26 April 2011 (UTC)
 * So you don't have to go to my talk page and sift, here is the relevant part of the answer from the admin:

'The thing to do is always, as you have done, to begin by explaining why you disagree and also (where possible) addressing any legitimate concerns they may have. You should add sources as soon as possible; while Wikipedia:Verifiability encourages tagging content that is in dispute before removing it' You should become a little more familiar with the protocol and atmosphere of the community before you start policing others hard work and good intentions. Your initial labeling of vandalism is wholly inappropriate (it shows in your history) and also displays a lack of balance in your approach, which ironically calls on guidelines whose sole purpose is as arbiter of balance. It is not I that looses out, I am not defending what I wrote out of egotism or stubbornness (I don't get a byline here), it is AT itself, wikipedia and those who can make use of a better understanding. Theories have no use unless they can be applied, if they are in doubt years after their formulation then they should be confined to minor a minor historical reference.--Filmmaker2011 (talk) 08:26, 26 April 2011 (UTC)
 * I think it's worth pointing out that 2 through 10, all but 1 of the citations in this article are from the criticism section! Strike anyone else as being strange? It can be equated to scientific theories which are only applied by practitioners of the science. Scientists don't critique the theory for the sake of argument, they only go so far that it becomes useful in practice. I don't know any scientists that have even the slightest interest in the philosophy of science, and as such you won't find much written by them even though they would presumably be well placed to speak about it. You don't need to understand the theory of electricity to use it, nobody cares because it's abstracted. 'Unfortunately' with film because it is designed to be accessible to people, some tend to think they know rather more about it's processes than they actually do. Narrative is the key here, film has stolen the crown of narrative from the writer and they are not happy about it!--Filmmaker2011 (talk) 10:21, 27 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Alright, since someone else seriously toned down the section (and even mentioned that it could possibly be deleted altogether) and you have subsequently restored much of your original research, I am going to delete this section again. You said that you sought deliberation and that it was in your talk page. You provided the relevant "quote" from your page, but I visited your talk page and there is no discussion of this topic whatsoever, anywhere. Please do not take this personally. In fact, I do not entirely disagree with your views. No part of my actions has been based on taking a position for or against your views. However, the content is a clearly subjective attempt to criticize the critics of AT using an argument that has no sources (I've even looked for some and came up with nothing) and is a heavily biased opinion piece. One could easily write a response called "'Criticisim in Perspective' in Perspective", and provide an opinion on why you, personally, feel the need to need for such a section in the first place. You obviously have well thought out and passionate ideas on this subject. Write them in an essay and publish! Put it in the arena of peers; it certainly has the merit for it. It is just not at all in accordance with neutrality mission of Wikipedia. The entry, as it stands, leaves an open ended debate, which is the realm of published papers, not an online encyclopaedia. I will find an administrator or try to talk to the admin who watches this page. Again, please do not take my criticism of the entry as a criticism of the ideas, but merely it's placement within this context. --Lindhorst (talk) 12:00, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

i havent and wont have time to fully investigate this today, but I will point out that the argument "sources exist" is not sufficient. When challenged, as this content has been, the sources must actually be produced and supplied before content can be readded WP:BURDEN. Active Banana    (bananaphone  12:21, 13 May 2011 (UTC)
 * also, "common sense" when regarding any type of analysis or commentary is not allowed. see WP:OR. Active Banana    (bananaphone  12:24, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

Filmmaker2011, please understand that no one is discouraging you from contributing to the encyclopedia. We need all the editors we can get and that anyone is interested in improving the material here is a good thing. Please don't be discouraged, or indeed, distracted from developing material for the article by the discussion here. This page exists for us to improve the article and to discuss editing practices, not the editors or the subject of the article. Neither do we want to overwhelm you with rules and procedures. Removing the section for the time being is the most appropriate course of action, but that in no way means that the material does not belong in the encyclopedia. The problem is that it doesn't provide citations from reliable, third-party sources, it appears to me also to not be written in a neutral, encyclopedic tone, and looks like "original research". I know all those policies can seem a bit much when you begin. But this isn't the place for any of us to argue about our opinions. If someone else, in the kind of source we're talking about, has made the arguments that you're making, then great! We can include them and attribute them. If not, however important, valuable, or correct they may or may not be, they shouldn't be here. Wikipedia is a work in progress, so the fact that something isn't in the article doesn't mean it shouldn't be, only that an interested editor hasn't yet included it with appropriate citations to substantiate the claims. It is interesting, and relevant, for example, if it is true that the director is universally regarded as the legal author of a film, with regards to copyright. But for that information to appear here, it needs a good citation. As someone has mentioned in an old talk page comment, genre theory is a major criticism and needs to be mentioned. That approach is not a proposal to prioritise the screenwriter over the director. It's not a version of New Criticism either. Nor do the practitioner/critic/academic/audience hierarchies hold water. The arguments about "where the quality" etc. lie are part of auteur theory and suffer just as much from its limitations, which apply equally to the director's work as to the audience's appreciation. It's not something that is organised along a theory/practice distinction. None of this is meant to discourage you, however! Only, rather, to indicate that it's a more complex subject.

We want your contributions! I recommend that you consider two options. The first is for you and Lindhorst to stop arguing and instead to try to collaborate! You are both interested in the subject of this article and your energies would be better spent improving it together. This could be done by creating a sub-page of this talk page, such as this one: Talk:Auteur theory/Criticism draft. There, you can place any material you like and begin to add citations for it. Lindhorst, if interested, could check that you're accurately representing those sources and add any material of his/her own too, again with citations. When you're both happy with the shape of the section, you could post a notice here and on the Wikiproject talk page and seek some outside opinions on whether it's ready to move into the main article. Hey presto, the article gets improved and everyone is happy. I appreciate that this might be a tricky process, but the final form of the material will be vastly better. The second option would be for you to create your own user page draft, such as this one: User:Filmmaker2011/Auteur. There, you could go through the same process but without collaborating until you reach the point that you feel it can be assessed by other editors. Then, post a link to it here and on the project page and have it confirmed that it's ready.

I hope that's useful. It's very common for our early contributions to the encyclopedia to be not quite what they should be--that was certainly the case for my own efforts. It's very tempting to promote our own opinions (and prejudices?). But those "pillars of wikipedia" are there for a reason, and I'm certain that my own ideas have improved considerably from the experience of trying to improve my editing practices to make them more like what they 'should' be. I, too, have wasted a lot of time discussing on a talk page when the better solution would have been to go to the sources and improve the article with them. Most articles here are incomplete, and they'll only get better from the efforts of editors like yourselves. So, happy editing!  • DP •  {huh?} 14:46, 13 May 2011 (UTC)

Lindhorst, you do not entirely disagree with my 'views' and you cannot find any criticisms from any of the other myriad departments of production (in information theory a lack of data in a defined set is information). You point out that nobody has had anything to say regarding the 'arguments', which includes you, there are glaring contradictions in what you have written. It seems that you are all a bit wrapped up in the authority of policing and no one wants to deal with the complexity of the subject itself. The only reason the section was awkward is because of the inherent and complex problem with the criticism section in the first place which is in a nutshell is a real theory vs claptrap. 'Schreiber theory' - do me a favour! where are the third party citations for the legitimacy of that? I would equate this with CERN vs end of the world conspirators - where is their section on the CERN page? Plenty of citation from 'reliable' sources). However, I notice that because of my illegal 'common sense' arguments (which contained at least one legitimate example of proof) the criticism section has been toned down (not torn down though), so I suppose my obviously biased efforts weren't completely wasted. The film and film making task forces are at the level of sunday paper review sections, if a little more comprehensive. I'd hoped to input on difficult and neglected areas of theory starting with AT. Whilst I appreciate the kind words of encouragement, unfortunately due to the lack of debate on anything other than the rules, I am out of place here as a content producer and will refrain from any further input ('editing') to wikipedia for the time being. --Filmmaker2011 (talk) 09:33, 23 May 2011 (UTC)

Auteur Movement In Japan
It's been settled for quite some time now that there is currently a major movement in the Japanese gaming industry - where creators, renowned and revered for their craftsmanship and creative vision, have split away from the AAA behemoths that have funded them in the past in order to return to their roots and produce games that reflect their own personal artistry. This has been referred to the "Auteur Movement" in a few places now and it seems reasonable to include a section on this in the article. While it's not strictly film-related, the Auteur Movement appears to carry the same spirit as Auteur theory: the creative owner being in a directing-overseeing role, a rejection and revolt against the idea of a piece of media being nothing more than a commercial commodity, and well-known personalities imposing their will on a media and saturating it with their distinct character.

The most digestible description I can find of this would be from the Extra Credits video titled The New Future of Japan - The Auteur Movement, which can be found at this link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XUWFH17Q3Aw

What do you guys think?

67.6.11.179 (talk) 09:47, 28 December 2015 (UTC)

 * Virtually anything can be added in this article as long as it's verified by a reliable source (WP:RS).--Ilovetopaint (talk) 22:15, 20 July 2016 (UTC)

I can't believe ol' Shiggy isn't mentioned in this article. The article on him even references a 'The New Yorker' article that refers to him as an auteur. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 192.151.173.219 (talk) 21:58, 5 April 2017 (UTC)

Requested move 27 October 2016

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was: page moved. Andrewa (talk) 11:31, 5 November 2016 (UTC)

Auteur theory → Auteurism – Opening sentence states "Auteur theory is a theory ... " which I found rather redundant. Then I thought: don't these sorts of topics usually end with "-ism"? Formalism, romanticism, eclecticism, structuralism, deconstructivism, the examples are endless... Searching "auteurism" shows that numerous books use the term, sometimes even in the title. Google Books also pulls up 500+ more results than if I searched "auteur theory". Ilovetopaint (talk) 16:30, 27 October 2016 (UTC)

 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page or in a move review. No further edits should be made to this section.

Shigeru Miyamoto?
was just wondering why Shigeru Miyamoto was absent from the video game auteur list? when he definitely fits the definition, and is considered by many one of the fathers of modern gaming, and is also a much bigger name than some that do appear on the list, just seems weird that you've got the might and magic guy and Ragnar Tørnquist (who I've never even heard of or any of the games he's made either) but no Shigeru Miyamoto — Preceding unsigned comment added by 58.6.237.158 (talk) 06:47, 20 August 2018 (UTC)

How is Tetsuya Nomura an auteur?
I'm sorry, but calling Nomura a videogame auteur while not mentioning Suda51 in the same category is just absurd. Not to mention, Nomura is credited here for the Final Fantasy series, but he has never directed a FF game. Even if he had, he's definitely not an auteur. He likes edgy anime tropes and puts belts and zippers all over his character designs, that's literally it. Did a Kingdom Hearts fan write this? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Dipitinsht (talk • contribs) 15:52, 25 February 2019 (UTC)

 * I removed him since he lacked any sort of citation for the claim. ~ Dissident93 (talk) 12:37, 12 March 2022 (UTC)

Video game auteurs list
Instead of cramming them all here, there should be a List of video game auteurs. I will create the article myself if I ever have the time to do it. ili (talk) 22:28, 14 March 2022 (UTC)
 * Could you make a draft first and show us what it plans to look like? Because if all you are going to do is list more examples without expanding on each entry then I don't think this should be split. ~ Dissident93 (talk) 15:30, 21 March 2022 (UTC)
 * I was just coming here to say that there really should be a section mentioning how the theory applies to video games designers, especially if there is already a section for music producers. Ganondox (talk) 21:31, 15 February 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Auteur


text:
Abscess

An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body. Signs and symptoms of abscesses include redness, pain, warmth, and swelling. The swelling may feel fluid-filled when pressed. The area of redness often extends beyond the swelling. Carbuncles and boils are types of abscess that often involve hair follicles, with carbuncles being larger. A cyst is related to an abscess, but it contains a material other than pus, and a cyst has a clearly defined wall.

They are usually caused by a bacterial infection. Often many different types of bacteria are involved in a single infection. In many areas of the world, the most common bacteria present is methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Rarely, parasites can cause abscesses; this is more common in the developing world. Diagnosis of a skin abscess is usually made based on what it looks like and is confirmed by cutting it open. Ultrasound imaging may be useful in cases in which the diagnosis is not clear. In abscesses around the anus, computer tomography (CT) may be important to look for deeper infection.

Standard treatment for most skin or soft tissue abscesses is cutting it open and drainage. There appears to be some benefit from also using antibiotics. A small amount of evidence supports not packing the cavity that remains with gauze after drainage. Closing this cavity right after draining it rather than leaving it open may speed healing without increasing the risk of the abscess returning. Sucking out the pus with a needle is often not sufficient.

Skin abscesses are common and have become more common in recent years. Risk factors include intravenous drug use, with rates reported as high as 65% among users. In 2005, 3.2 million people went to American emergency departments for abscesses. In Australia, around 13,000 people were hospitalized in 2008 with the condition.

Signs and symptoms
Abscesses may occur in any kind of tissue but most frequently within the skin surface (where they may be superficial pustules known as boils or deep skin abscesses), in the lungs, brain, teeth, kidneys, and tonsils. Major complications may include spreading of the abscess material to adjacent or remote tissues, and extensive regional tissue death (gangrene).

The main symptoms and signs of a skin abscess are redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function. There may also be high temperature (fever) and chills. If superficial, abscesses may be fluctuant when palpated; this wave-like motion is caused by movement of the pus inside the abscess.

An internal abscess is more difficult to identify, but signs include pain in the affected area, a high temperature, and generally feeling unwell. Internal abscesses rarely heal themselves, so prompt medical attention is indicated if such an abscess is suspected. An abscess can potentially be fatal depending on where it is located.

Causes
Risk factors for abscess formation include intravenous drug use. Another possible risk factor is a prior history of disc herniation or other spinal abnormality, though this has not been proven.

Abscesses are caused by bacterial infection, parasites, or foreign substances. Bacterial infection is the most common cause, particularly Staphylococcus aureus. The more invasive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) may also be a source of infection, though is much rarer. Among spinal subdural abscesses, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus is the most common organism involved.

Rarely parasites can cause abscesses and this is more common in the developing world. Specific parasites known to do this include dracunculiasis and myiasis.

Perianal abscess
Surgery of an anal fistula to drain an abscess treats the fistula and reduces likelihood of its recurrence and the need for repeated surgery. There is no evidence that fecal incontinence is a consequence of this surgery for abscess drainage.

Perianal abscesses can be seen in people with, for example, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease) or diabetes. Often the abscess will start as an internal wound caused by ulceration, hard stool, or penetrative objects with insufficient lubrication. This wound typically becomes infected as a result of the normal presence of feces in the rectal area, and then develops into an abscess. This often presents itself as a lump of tissue near the anus which grows larger and more painful with time. Like other abscesses, perianal abscesses may require prompt medical treatment, such as an incision and debridement or lancing.

Incisional abscess
An incisional abscess is one that develops as a complication secondary to a surgical incision. It presents as redness and warmth at the margins of the incision with purulent drainage from it. If the diagnosis is uncertain, the wound should be aspirated with a needle, with aspiration of pus confirming the diagnosis and availing for Gram stain and bacterial culture.

Pathophysiology
An abscess is a defensive reaction of the tissue to prevent the spread of infectious materials to other parts of the body.

Organisms or foreign materials destroy the local cells, which results in the release of cytokines. The cytokines trigger an inflammatory response, which draws large numbers of white blood cells to the area and increases the regional blood flow.

The final structure of the abscess is an abscess wall, or capsule, that is formed by the adjacent healthy cells in an attempt to keep the pus from infecting neighboring structures. However, such encapsulation tends to prevent immune cells from attacking bacteria in the pus, or from reaching the causative organism or foreign object.

Diagnosis

An abscess is a localized collection of pus (purulent inflammatory tissue) caused by suppuration buried in a tissue, an organ, or a confined space, lined by the pyogenic membrane. Ultrasound imaging can help in a diagnosis.

Classification
Abscesses may be classified as either skin abscesses or internal abscesses. Skin abscesses are common; internal abscesses tend to be harder to diagnose, and more serious. Skin abscesses are also called cutaneous or subcutaneous abscesses.

IV drug use
For those with a history of intravenous drug use, an X-ray is recommended before treatment to verify that no needle fragments are present. If there is also a fever present in this population, infectious endocarditis should be considered.

Differential
Abscesses should be differentiated from empyemas, which are accumulations of pus in a preexisting, rather than a newly formed, anatomical cavity.

Other conditions that can cause similar symptoms include: cellulitis, a sebaceous cyst, and necrotising fasciitis. Cellulitis typically also has an erythematous reaction, but does not confer any purulent drainage.

Treatment
The standard treatment for an uncomplicated skin or soft tissue abscess is the act of opening and draining. There does not appear to be any benefit from also using antibiotics in most cases. A small amount of evidence did not find a benefit from packing the abscess with gauze.

Incision and drainage
The abscess should be inspected to identify if foreign objects are a cause, which may require their removal. If foreign objects are not the cause, incising and draining the abscess is standard treatment.

In critical areas where surgery presents a high risk, it may be delayed or used as a last resort. The drainage of a lung abscess may be performed by positioning the affected individual in a way that enables the contents to be discharged via the respiratory tract. Warm compresses and elevation of the limb may be beneficial for a skin abscess.

Antibiotics
Most people who have an uncomplicated skin abscess should not use antibiotics. Antibiotics in addition to standard incision and drainage is recommended in persons with severe abscesses, many sites of infection, rapid disease progression, the presence of cellulitis, symptoms indicating bacterial illness throughout the body, or a health condition causing immunosuppression. People who are very young or very old may also need antibiotics. If the abscess does not heal only with incision and drainage, or if the abscess is in a place that is difficult to drain such as the face, hands, or genitals, then antibiotics may be indicated.

In those cases of abscess which do require antibiotic treatment, Staphylococcus aureus bacteria is a common cause and an anti-staphylococcus antibiotic such as flucloxacillin or dicloxacillin is used. The Infectious Diseases Society of America advises that the draining of an abscess is not enough to address community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and in those cases, traditional antibiotics may be ineffective. Alternative antibiotics effective against community-acquired MRSA often include clindamycin, doxycycline, minocycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The American College of Emergency Physicians advises that typical cases of abscess from MRSA get no benefit from having antibiotic treatment in addition to the standard treatment. If the condition is thought to be cellulitis rather than an abscess, consideration should be given to the possibility of the strep species as a cause, that are still sensitive to traditional anti-staphylococcus agents such as dicloxacillin or cephalexin. This would be in the case of people that are able to tolerate penicillin. Antibiotic therapy alone without surgical drainage of the abscess is seldom effective due to antibiotics often being unable to get into the abscess and their ineffectiveness at low pH levels.

Culturing the wound is not needed if standard follow-up care can be provided after the incision and drainage. Performing a wound culture is unnecessary because it rarely gives information which can be used to guide treatment.

Packing
In North America, after drainage, an abscess cavity is usually packed, often with special iodoform-treated cloth. This is done to absorb and neutralize any remaining exudate as well as to promote draining and prevent premature closure. Prolonged draining is thought to promote healing. The hypothesis is that though the heart's pumping action can deliver immune and regenerative cells to the edge of an injury, an abscess is by definition a void in which no blood vessels are present. Packing is thought to provide a wicking action that continuously draws beneficial factors and cells from the body into the void that must be healed. Discharge is then absorbed by cutaneous bandages and further wicking promoted by changing these bandages regularly. However, evidence from emergency medicine literature reports that packing wounds after draining, especially smaller wounds, causes pain to the person and does not decrease the rate of recurrence, nor bring faster healing, or fewer physician visits.

Loop drainage
More recently, several North American hospitals have opted for less-invasive loop drainage over standard drainage and wound packing. In one study of 143 pediatric outcomes, a failure rate of 1.4% was reported in the loop group versus 10.5% in the packing group (P<.030), while a separate study reported a 5.5% failure rate among the loop group.

Primary closure
Closing an abscess immediately after draining it appears to speed healing without increasing the risk of recurrence. This may not apply to anorectal abscesses as while they may heal faster, there may be a higher rate of recurrence than those left open.

Prognosis
Even without treatment, skin abscesses rarely result in death, as they will naturally break through the skin. Other types of abscess are more dangerous. Brain abscesses may be fatal if untreated. When treated, the mortality rate reduces to 5–10%, but is higher if the abscess ruptures.

Epidemiology
Skin abscesses are common and have become more common in recent years. Risk factors include intravenous drug use, with rates reported as high as 65% among users. In 2005, in the United States 3.2 million people went to the emergency department for an abscess. In Australia around 13,000 people were hospitalized in 2008 for the disease.

Society and culture
The Latin medical aphorism "ubi pus, ibi evacua" expresses "where there is pus, there evacuate it" and is classical advice in the culture of Western medicine.

Needle exchange programmes often administer or provide referrals for abscess treatment to injection drug users as part of a harm reduction public health strategy.

Etymology
An abscess is so called "abscess" because there is an abscessus (a going away or departure) of portions of the animal tissue from each other to make room for the suppurated matter lodged between them.

The word carbuncle is believed to have originated from the Latin: carbunculus, originally a small coal; diminutive of carbon-, carbo: charcoal or ember, but also a carbuncle stone, "precious stones of a red or fiery colour", usually garnets.

Other types
The following types of abscess are listed in the medical dictionary: • acute abscess

• alveolar abscess

• amebic abscess

• apical abscess

• appendiceal abscess

• Bartholin abscess

• Bezold abscess

• bicameral abscess

• bone abscess

• brain abscess

• Brodie abscess

• bursal abscess

• caseous abscess

• caseous lymphadenitis

• cheesy abscess

• cholangitic abscess

• chronic abscess

• collar stud abscess

• cold abscess

• crypt abscesses

• dental abscess

• * periapical abscess

• * periodontal abscess

• ** apical periodontal abscess

• ** lateral periodontal abscess

• ** root abscess

• * gingival abscess

• * lateral alveolar abscess

• * pericoronal abscess

• * combined periodontic-endodontic abscess

• diffuse abscess

• Douglas abscess

• dry abscess

• Dubois abscesses

• embolic abscess

• fecal abscess

• follicular abscess

• gas abscess

• gravitation abscess

• gummatous abscess

• hidradenitis suppurativa

• hematogenous abscess

• hot abscess

• hypostatic abscess

• ischiorectal abscess

• mastoid abscess

• metastatic abscess

• migrating abscess

• miliary abscess

• Munro abscess

• orbital abscess

• otitic abscess

• palatal abscess

• pancreatic abscess

• parafrenal abscess

• parametric abscess

• paranephric abscess

• parapharyngeal abscess

• parotid

• Pautrier

• Pelvic abscess

• perforating

• periappendiceal

• periarticular

• pericemental

• perinephric

• perirectal

• peritonsillar abscess

• periureteral abscess

• phlegmonous abscess

• Pott abscess

• premammary abscess (including subareolar abscess)

• psoas abscess

• pulp abscess

• pyemic abscess

• radicular abscess

• residual abscess

• retrobulbar abscess

• retrocecal abscess

• retropharyngeal abscess

• ring abscess

• satellite abscess

• septicemic abscess

• stellate abscess

• stercoral abscess

• sterile abscess

• stitch abscess

• subdiaphragmatic abscess

• subepidermal abscess

• subhepatic abscess

• subperiosteal abscess

• subphrenic abscess

• subungual abscess

• sudoriferous abscess

• suture abscess

• thymic abscesses

• Tornwaldt abscess

• tropical abscess

• tubo-ovarian abscess

• verminous abscess

• wandering abscess

• worm abscess

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Abscess


text:
Aalborg Municipality

Ålborg Municipality (Ålborg Kommune) is a municipality in North Jutland Region on the Jutland peninsula in northern Denmark. The municipality straddles the Limfjord, the waterway which connects the North Sea and the Kattegat east-to-west, and which separates the main body of the Jutland peninsula from the island of Vendsyssel-Thy north-to-south. It has a land area of 1,143.99 km2 and a population of 223,174 (1. January 2024).

It is also the name of the municipality's main city Aalborg and the site of its municipal council, as well as the name of a seaport.

The municipality and the town have chosen to retain the traditional spelling of the name as Aalborg, although the new spelling Ålborg is used in other contexts, such as Ålborg Bight (Ålborg Bugt), the body of water which lies to the east of the Jutland peninsula.

Municipal reform of 2007
As of 1 January 2007 Aalborg municipality joined with the municipalities of Hals, Nibe, and Sejlflod to form a new Aalborg municipality. The former Aalborg municipality, including the island of Egholm, covered an area of 560 km2, with a total population of 192,353 (2005). Its last mayor was Henning G. Jensen, a member of the Social Democrats (Socialdemokraterne) political party. The former municipality was bordered by Sejlflod and Hals to the east, Dronninglund and Brønderslev to the north, Aabybro and Nibe to the west, and Støvring and Skørping to the south. It belonged to North Jutland County.

Surroundings
The waters in the Limfjord splitting the municipality are called Langerak to the east and Gjøl Bredning to the west. The island of Egholm is located in Gjøl Bredning, and is connected by ferry to the city of Aalborg at its southern shore.

The area is typical for the north of Jutland. To the west, the Limfjord broadens into an irregular lake (salt water), with low, marshy shores and many islands. Northwest is Store Vildmose ("Greater Wild bog"), a swamp where a mirage is sometimes seen in summer. Southeast lies the similar Lille Vildmose ("Lesser Wild bog"). Store Vildmose was drained and farmed in the beginning of the 20th century, and Lille Vildmose is now the largest moor in Denmark.

Urban areas in Aalborg Municipality
Aalborg City has a total population of 123,432. The metropolitan area is a conurbation of the Aalborg urban area in Himmerland (102,312) and the Nørresundby urban area in Vendsyssel (21,120).

Economy
North Flying has its head office on the property of Aalborg Airport in Nørresundby, Aalborg Municipality.

Municipal council
Aalborg's municipal council consists of 31 members, elected every four years.

Below are the municipal councils elected since the Municipal Reform of 2007.

Twin towns – sister cities
Aalborg is twinned with 34 cities, more than any other city in Denmark. Every four years, Aalborg gathers young people from most of its twin towns for a week of sports, known as Ungdomslegene (Youth Games).

 * Almere, Netherlands
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 * 🇩🇪 Büdelsdorf, Germany
 * Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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title: Aalborg Municipality


text:
Talk:Aalborg Municipality

Hello Denmark!

Warm greetings from India 🇮🇳🇮🇳 — Preceding unsigned comment added by 59.99.35.116 (talk) 13:26, 11 November 2022 (UTC)

Untitled
This work comes from an old public domain resource; fell free to expand, update, wikify, etc. --KQ

I will be having a go at this and ancillary pages over the coming weeks since I am in Aalborg atm Sjc 12:17, 23 Mar 2004 (UTC)

Regarding the text: ''Aalborg traces its history back over 1000 years, settled originally by the Vikings as a trading post because of its position on the Limfjord. The site of what were two Viking settlements, and a visible burial ground is to be seen on a hill overlooking the city, Lindholm Høje, and the size of these settlements emphasise the significance of this place as a crossing point.''

Is there any written sources or archelogogy excavations showing vikings had anything with this trading post to do, and that there was a viking settlement? Is the word viking mentioned, or is this just a free speculation? Dan Koehl 11:50, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Excavations show that the burial site at Lindholm Høje was used from about 600 AD to 1000 AD. So it was certainly used by Vikings in the sense of Viking Age North Germanic people. I do not believe there are any signs of Vikings in the sense of raiders/pirates.

 * Rasmus (talk) 12:27, 3 Dec 2004 (UTC)

 * Hmmm. Are there any sources mentioning viking trade posts? Or, was it just "no-viking but viking age" trade posts? Is there any particulair point in making this town founded by vikings, if it wasnt, and more vikingish than the other hundreds of towns in scandinavia, if it was founded just by normal people living, fishing and trading there? Dan Koehl

Viking age is not same as vikings, and theres no source mentioning vikings founding Aahlborg, so I remove the sentence. Dan Koehl 13:57, 16 May 2005 (UTC)

Link suggestions
An automated Wikipedia link suggester has some possible wiki link suggestions for the Aalborg article, and they have been placed on this page for your convenience. Tip: Some people find it helpful if these suggestions are shown on this talk page, rather than on another page. To do this, just add to this page. — LinkBot 00:55, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * - I'm game. Rich Farmbrough, 07:35, 15 November 2010 (UTC).

title: Talk:Aalborg Municipality