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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (born October 28, 1956) is an Iranian principlist and nationalist politician who was the sixth President of the Islamic Republic of Iran. He became president on 6 August 2005 after winning the 2005 presidential election and left the post in August 2013. Previously he served as Mayor of Tehran.

Address to the United Nations General Assembly (17 September 2005)
(Full text)
 * In the Name of the God of Mercy, Compassion, Peace, Freedom and Justice. Mr. President, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Today we have gathered here to exchange views about the world, its future and our common responsibilities towards it.

 * The Islamic Republic of Iran is born out of a movement, based on the pure primordial nature of a people who rose up to regain their dignity, esteem and human rights. The Islamic Revolution toppled a regime which had been put in place through a coup, and supported by those who claim to be advocates of democracy and human rights thwarted the aspirations of the nation for development and progress for 25 years through intimidation and torture of the populace and submission and subservience to outsiders.

 * The Islamic Republic of Iran is the manifestation of true democracy in the region. The discourse of the Iranian nation is focused on respect for the rights of human beings and a quest for tranquility, peace, justice and development for all through monotheism

 * The Islamic Republic of Iran is a symbol of true democracy. All officials including the Leader, President, members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly, city and village councils are elected through the vote of the citizens. The Islamic Republic of Iran has held 27 national elections in 27 years.

 * The Islamic Republic of Iran will continue to provide full and comprehensive support to the people of Iraq and Afghanistan and their elected governments, and will actively help them in the establishment of order and security.

 * In Palestine, a durable peace will be possible through justice, an end to discrimination and the occupation of Palestinian land, the return of all Palestinian refugees, and the establishment of a democratic Palestinian state

 * Those hegemonic powers, who consider scientific and technological progress of independent and free nations as a challenge to their monopoly on these important instruments of power and who do not want to see such achievements in other countries, have misrepresented Iran's healthy and fully safeguarded technological endeavors in the nuclear field as pursuit of nuclear weapons. This is nothing but a propaganda ploy.

 * The Islamic Republic of Iran is presenting in good faith its proposal for constructive interaction and a just dialogue. However, if some try to impose their will on the Iranian people through resort to a language of force and threat with Iran, we will reconsider our entire approach to the nuclear issue.

 * From the beginning of time, humanity has longed for the day when justice, peace, equality and compassion envelop the world. All of us can contribute to the establishment of such a world. When that day comes, the ultimate promise of all Divine religions will be fulfilled with the emergence of a perfect human being who is heir to all prophets and pious men. He will lead the world to justice and absolute peace.

The World without Zionism, 2005

 * From a speech at the Islamic Student Associations conference in Tehran (26 October 2005).

 * We need to examine the true origins of the issue of Palestine: is it a fight between a group of Muslims and non-Jews? Is it a fight between Judaism and other religions? Is it the fight of one country with another country? Is it the fight of one country with the Arab world? Is it a fight over the land of Palestine? I guess the answer to all these questions is 'No'.

 * The establishment of the occupying regime of Qods [ Jerusalem] was a major move by the world oppressor [the United States] against the Islamic world. The situation has changed in this historical struggle. Sometimes the Muslims have won and moved forward and the world oppressor was forced to withdraw.

 * The Islamic world lost its last defenses in the past 100 years and the world oppressor established the occupying regime. Therefore the struggle in Palestine today is the major front of the struggle of the Islamic world with the world oppressor and its fate will decide the destiny of the struggles of the past several hundred years. The Palestinian nation represents the Islamic nation [Umma] against a system of oppression

 * Our dear Imam [Ayatollah Khomeini] said that the occupying regime must be wiped off the map and this was a very wise statement. We cannot compromise over the issue of Palestine. Is it possible to create a new front in the heart of an old front. This would be a defeat and whoever accepts the legitimacy of this regime [ Israel] has in fact, signed the defeat of the Islamic world. Our dear Imam targeted the heart of the world oppressor in his struggle, meaning the occupying regime. I have no doubt that the new wave that has started in Palestine, and we witness it in the Islamic world too, will eliminate this disgraceful stain from the Islamic world.
 * Preceding quotes as cited in "Text of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's Speech", The New York Times (30 October 2005)

 * They have invented a myth that Jews were massacred and place this above God, religions and the prophets. The West has given more significance to the myth of the genocide of the Jews, even more significant than God, religion, and the prophets, (it) deals very severely with those who deny this myth but does not do anything to those who deny God, religion, and the prophet. If you have burned the Jews, why don't you give a piece of Europe, the United States, Canada or Alaska to Israel? Our question is, if you have committed this huge crime, why should the innocent nation of Palestine pay for this crime?
 * Translation by CNN (December 2005)

 * If the Europeans are telling the truth in their claim that they have killed six million Jews in the Holocaust during the World War II - which seems they are right in their claim because they insist on it and arrest and imprison those who oppose it, why should the Palestinian nation pay for the crime. Why have they come to the very heart of the Islamic world and are committing crimes against the dear Palestine using their bombs, rockets, missiles and sanctions. [...] The same European countries have imposed the illegally-established Zionist regime on the oppressed nation of Palestine. If you have committed the crimes so give a piece of your land somewhere in Europe or America and Canada or Alaska to them to set up their own state there. Then the Iranian nation will have no objections, will stage no rallies on the Qods Day and will support your decision.
 * Translation by Islamic Republic News Agency (December 2005)

 * Anybody who recognizes Israel will burn in the fire of the Islamic nation's fury.
 * As cited by CNN

 * There is no doubt that the new wave in Palestine will soon wipe off this disgraceful blot from the face of the Islamic world.
 * As cited by Al Jazeera

 * Is it possible for us to witness a world without America and Zionism? You should know that this slogan, this goal, can certainly be achieved.
 * Quoted in New York Post

2006

 * We are confident that the Islamic logic, culture, and discourse can prove their superiority in all fields over all schools of thought and theories.
 * Ahmadinejad on His Proposal for a Jewish State in Europe and on Iran's Nuclear Energy (January 2006).

 * The world is rapidly getting 'Ahmadinejadized,' if I'm allowed to make a joke.
 * Comment (20 November 2006), as cited in ,

 * I want to tell them (western countries) just as the Soviet Union was wiped out and today does not exist, so will the Zionist regime (in Israel) soon be wiped out.
 * Source:

 * My letter [Ahmadinejad's "letter to the American people"] had different aims and goals. Many American citizens in the messages and letters they sent requested that I bring up my points of view directly. Many of them said that the government of America doesn't let them receive my point of view in its entirety and without distortions. So I talked to them directly. The behavior of the American government has severely damaged the position of the United States. No country in the world looks upon America as a friend. When the U.S. is mentioned, people are reminded of war, aggression and bloodshed, and that's not a good thing. In other words, the American people are paying for something they don't believe in.
 * Source: Interview in Time magazine (December 2006)

 * Anyone who is a Palestinian citizen, whether Christian, Jewish or Muslim, should decide together in a very free referendum. There is no need for war. There is no need for threats or an atom bomb either.
 * Source: Time magazine (December 2006)

 * Everyone knows that the Zionist regime is a tool in the hands of the United States and British governments.
 * Source: Time magazine (December 2006)

We don't need you. It is you who need the Iranian people. This is the funniest decision I've seen.
 * You can pass as many resolutions as you like but you cannot stop the progress of the Iranian people. We thank God that our enemies are idiots.
 * "Iran hits back with ban on inspections" The Telegraph (6 February 2006)
 * With the consent of China, Russia, the US and the European countries, the International Atomic Energy Agency had voted by 27-4 to report Iran to the UN Security Council for blocking snap inspections of its nuclear facilities.

 * They [Western countries] know that they are not capable of inflicting the slightest blow on the Iranian nation because they need the Iranian nation. They will suffer more and they are vulnerable. That is why if the Iranian nation and government steps back on nuclear energy today, the story will not end there and the Americans will make another pretext. (8 March 2006)

 * We say that this fake regime (Zionist) cannot logically continue to live. (April 24, 2006)

 * If (problems) are decided through the use of force, everything becomes double-complicated....He who sows the wind will reap a hurricane and this will be a very strong storm in the whole Middle East region, which will strike painfully....All questions on international security have to be settled only through dialogue because using force will not lead anywhere. (July 25, 2006)
 * If all of you gather and also invite your ancestors from hell, you will still not be able to stop the Great Iranian nation.

2006 International Qods Conference address
Source: IRNA

 * How long can this situation last and be tolerated? When Imam Ali, Commander of the Faithful, heard that an anklet was forcefully removed from the feet of a Jewish woman by the invaders in one of the frontier cities under his rule, he said, "If a man dies from grief because of this act, he should not be reprimanded."
 * Today, even the children are not spared and are targeted by their bullets. Palestinian men and women are abducted and tortured in their fearsome prisons. People are shot dead in schools, on the streets and at markets.

 * The existence of the Zionist regime is tantamount to imposition of an unending and unrestrained threat so that none of the nations and Islamic countries of the region and beyond can feel secure from its threat. The closer these nations are to the epicenter of this threat, the more threatened they feel. The people of Palestine are at the very core of such a threat. They have not been able to spend a day with peace of mind for the past sixty years. Three generations of sons and daughters of Palestinians have lived and are presently living under these circumstances. The peoples of Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and the entire Middle East are essentially under similar situation.

 * The bullying powers use different excuses to prevent transfer of science and technology and progress of the nations of our region.
 * They regard our advancement as a threat to the corrupt Zionist regime. They do not allow the countries of the region to tread on the path to progress and advancement.
 * They even oppose indigenous technologies in the Islamic countries and interpret any scientific advancement as a threat to the security of Qods occupier regime.

 * Some Western powers admit that they have killed a large part of Jewish population in Europe and founded the occupied regime in order to put right the wrong they had committed.
 * With deference to all nations and followers of divine religions, we are asking if this atrocity is true, then why the people of the region should pay for it by occupation of Palestinian lands and unending suppression of Palestinian people, by homelessness of millions of Palestinians, by destruction of their cities and rural areas and agricultural lands.
 * Why should they pay by fire, bullets and imposition of forces? And why should they pay by tolerating occupation of Islamic lands? Are the consequences of the establishment of this regime less than the Holocaust you are claiming?
 * If there are doubts regarding the Holocaust, there is really no doubt regarding Palestinian disaster and Holocaust. The Holocaust in Palestine has persisted for more than sixty years.

 * The young tree of resistance in Palestine is blooming and blooms of faith and desire for freedom are flowering.
 * The Zionist regime is a decaying and crumbling tree that will fall with a storm. Today even the inhabitants of the occupied Palestine, especially the African and Asian settlers are living in [p]ain, poverty and discontent.

Letter to George W. Bush (2006)

 * The letter was the first direct communication between Iran and the US since a break of diplomatic ties in 1980. It lists greviences of the Iranian government and questions current and past US foreign policy (8 May 2006).

 * Can one be a follower of Jesus Christ... and have countries attacked. The lives, reputations and possessions of people destroyed and on the slight chance of the presence of a few criminals in a village, city, or convoy for example, the entire village, city or convoy set ablaze.
 * Paragraph 2

 * Or because of the possibility of the existence of WMDs in one country, it is occupied, around one hundred thousand people killed, its water sources, agriculture and industry destroyed, close to 180,000 foreign troops put on the ground, sanctity of private homes of citizens broken, and the country pushed back perhaps fifty years. At what price?... On the pretext of the existence of WMDs, this great tragedy came to engulf both the peoples of the occupied and the occupying country. Later it was revealed that no WMDs existed to begin with.
 * Paragraphs 3-4

 * There are prisoners in Guantanamo Bay that have not been tried, have no legal representation, their families cannot see them and are obviously kept in a strange land outside their own country. There is no international monitoring of their conditions and fate. No one knows whether they are prisoners, POWs, accused or criminals. European investigators have confirmed the existence of secret prisons in Europe too.
 * Paragraphs 6-7

 * ...many questions about the phenomenon of Israel... Students are saying that sixty years ago such a country did not exist... I tell them to study the history of WWI and WWII. One of my students told me that during WWII, which more than tens of millions of people perished in, news about the war, was quickly disseminated by the warring parties. Each touted their victories and the most recent battlefront defeat of the other party. After the war they claimed that six million Jews had been killed. Six million people that were surely related to at least two million families. Again let us assume that these events are true. Does that logically translate into the establishment of the state of Israel in the Middle East or support for such a state? How can this phenomenon be rationalized or explained?
 * Paragraphs 8, 10-12

 * Why is it that any technological and scientific achievement reached in the Middle East region is translated into and portrayed as a threat to the Zionist regime? Is not scientific R&D one of the basic rights of nations? Can the possibility of scientific achievements being utilized for military purposes be reason enough to oppose science and technology altogether?
 * Paragraph 20

 * Don’t Latin Americans have the right to ask why their elected governments are being opposed and coup leaders supported? Poverty and hardship in large parts of Africa are preventing this from happening. Don’t they have the right to ask why their enormous wealth – including minerals – is being looted, despite the fact that they need it more than others?
 * Paragraph 23

 * The brave and faithful people of Iran too have many questions and grievances, including: the coup d’etat of 1953 and the subsequent toppling of the legal government of the day, opposition to the Islamic revolution, transformation of an Embassy into a headquarters supporting the activities of those opposing the Islamic Republic (many thousands of pages of documents corroborate this claim), support for Saddam in the war waged against Iran, the shooting down of the Iranian passenger plane, freezing the assets of the Iranian nation, increasing threats, anger and displeasure vis-à-vis the scientific and nuclear progress of the Iranian nation (just when all Iranians are jubilant and celebrating their country’s progress), and many other grievances that I will not refer to in this letter.
 * Paragraph 23

 * September eleven was not a simple operation. Could it be planned and executed without coordination with intelligence and security services—or their extensive infiltration?
 * Paragraph 24

 * Western media only intensified the climate of fear and insecurity
 * Paragraph 25

 * Do you not think that if all of us come to believe in and abide by these principles, that is, monotheism, worship of God, justice, respect for the dignity of man, belief in the Last Day, we can overcome the present problems of the world

 * I have been told that Your Excellency follows the teachings of Jesus (PBUH)

Letter to Angela Merkel (2006)

 * This letter was sent from Ahmadinejad to German Chancellor Angela Merkel in July 2006. Source: Fars News Agency

 * I have no intention of arguing about the Holocaust. But, does it not stand to reason that some victorious countries of World War II intended to create an alibi on the basis of which they could continue keeping the defeated nations of World War II indebted to them. Their purpose has been to weaken their morale and their inspiration in order to obstruct their progress and power. In addition to the people of Germany, the peoples of the Middle East have also borne the brunt of the Holocaust. By raising the necessity of settling the survivors of the Holocaust in the land of Palestine, they have created a permanent threat in the Middle East in order to rob the people of the region of the opportunities to achieve progress.

2007

 * The Soviet Union died peacefully but that does not have any affect on what will happen in there [Israel]. The Zionist regime will either go two ways. They will peacefully be disbanded and the Holy Land will become a democracy like our good friend Russia. Or the country will forcefully take on itself like Romania. He [Referring to Nicolae Ceauşescu] did not seem to know (or care) what was happening to the Romanians and the people got sick and tired of this to the point they got rid of the fake regime [Ahmadinejad Denounces Communism] by force. We do not want this option. We want a peacefully let the people choose what they truly want and everything will go right.
 * Undated interview with Russian news agency.

 * In principle, the Zionists lack any religion. They are lying when they say that they are Jews. They have no religion. They are against religion, because religion means friendship, brotherhood, peace, and justice. Religion means to respect the divine prophets. Note this. Religion means to respect others. It means friendship between peoples. Note that wherever the Zionists are, there is war, and wherever there is war, they are the ones behind it. As a matter of fact, if you examine American society, you will see that they oppress the Americans. They oppress the Europeans, even though they are a minority. They infiltrated in an organized manner...
 * Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, IRINN TV (28 August 2007) in

 * We do not accept or officially recognise Israel. They are occupiers and illegitimate. But our approach is humanitarian. I ask you where is the Soviet Union now - has it been wiped out or not? It vanished without a war. Let the Palestinian people chose. It will happen.
 * Interview with Jon Snow on Channel 4 News, 12 September 2007

 * Why should it be insulting? … Something happened there which led to other events. Many innocent people were killed there. Some of those people were American citizens obviously. We obviously are very much against any terrorist action and any killing. And also we are very much against any plots to sow the seeds of discord among nations. Usually you go to these sites to pay your respects. And-- also to perhaps to air your views about the root causes of such incidents. I think that when I do that, I will be paying, as I said earlier, my respect to the American nation.
 * When asked about his stated desire to visit the site of the World Trade Center in an interview with Scott Pelley of 60 Minutes, 20 September 2007.

 * I'm not anti-Jew. Jews are respected by everyone, like all human beings, and I respect them very much.
 * Discussion with reporters at the UN, September 21, 2007.

 * We had principles in mathematics that were granted to be absolute in mathematics for over 800 years, but new science has gotten rid of those absolutism, gotten — forward other different logics of looking at mathematics, and sort of turned the way we look at it as a science altogether after 800 years.
 * Columbia University speech, 24 September 2007

 * In Iran we don't have homosexuals like in your country. […] In Iran we do not have this phenomenon. I don't know who's told you that we have this.
 * Q&A after Columbia speech, 24 September 2007, when asked about executions of homosexuals in Iran

 * They [the US] get our oil and give us a worthless piece of paper.
 * Commenting on the weak U.S. Dollar at the OPEC Summit, 18 November 2007.

2008

 * The world powers established this filthy bacteria, the Zionist regime [Israel], which is lashing out at the nations in the region like a wild beast.
 * Comments during a rally in southern Iran

 * If they want to continue with that path of sanctions, we will not be harmed. They can issue resolutions for 100 years.
 * "Iran defiant over sanction threat", BBC News (23 February 2008)
 * On United Nations sanctions

 * It is the American practice to present others as guilty wherever they are defeated. Is it not funny that those with 160,000 forces in Iraq accuse us of interference?"
 * "An Iranian in the Green Zone", BBC News (3 March 2008)

 * Four or five years ago, a suspicious event occurred in New York. A building collapsed and they said that 3,000 people had been killed but never published their names.
 * Referring to the 9/11, as cited in "Report: Netanyahu Says 9/11 Terror Attacks Good for Israel", Haaretz (16 April 2008)

2009

 * My former health minister, Kamran Bagheri Lankarani, is like a peach. I love to eat him.
 *

 * Today too, the most important issue in the world is Palestine. If a war breaks out in Iraq, we believe it is due to the provocation of the Zionists. If it happens in Afghanistan, it is because of their provocation. If Sudan is oppressed, it is due to Zionist seduction. We consider all the arrogant, colonialist schemes to be inspired by the Zionists.
 * September 18, 2009.

2010

 * The United States has never entered a serious war, and has never been victorious.
 * September 21, 2010 interview

 * Almost all governments and known figures strongly condemned this incident [the September 11 attacks]. But then a propaganda machine came into full force; it was implied that the whole world was exposed to a huge danger, namely terrorism, and that the only way to save the world would be to deploy forces into Afghanistan. Eventually Afghanistan, and, shortly thereafter, Iraq were occupied.… In identifying those responsible for the attack, there were three viewpoints: (1) That a very powerful and complex terrorist group, able to successfully cross all layers of the American intelligence and security, carried out the attack. This is the main viewpoint advocated by American statesmen. (2) That some segments within the U.S. government orchestrated the attack to reverse the declining American economy and its grips on the Middle East in order also to save the Zionist regime. The majority of the American people as well as other nations and politicians agree with this view. (3) It was carried out by a terrorist group but the American government supported and took advantage of the situation. Apparently, this viewpoint has fewer proponents.
 * Speech to the United Nations General Assembly (22 September 2010). CNN and other American news agencies reported the emphasized remark as Ahmadinejad's expression of a personal belief.

2011

 * Who had used the mysterious September 11 incident as a pretext to attack Afghanistan and Iraq, killing, injuring and displacing millions of people. Whose military spending exceeded $1,000 billion dollars annually — more than the military budgets of all countries in the world combined? Who dominated the policy-making establishments of the world’s economy, as well as the Security Council, which was ostensibly responsible for safeguarding international security? Do these arrogant Powers really have the competence and ability to run or govern the world? “Can the flower of democracy bloom from [ North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s] missiles, bombs and guns?
 * Last year, when the need to form a fact-finding team to undertake a thorough investigation concerning the hidden elements involved in September 11 incident was brought up; an idea also endorsed by all independent governments and nations as well as by the majority in the United States, my country and myself came under pressure and threat by the government of the United States. Instead of assigning a fact-finding team, they killed the main perpetrator and threw his body into the sea. Would it not have been reasonable to bring to justice and openly bring to trial the main perpetrator of the incident in order to identify the elements behind the safe space provided for the invading aircraft to attack the twin world trade towers? Why should it not have been allowed to bring him to trial to help recognize those who launched terrorist groups and brought wars and other miseries into the region? Is there any classified information that must be kept secret?
 * Speech to the United Nations General Assembly (22 September 2011).

 * Show me one European or American president who has not traveled to Libya or has not signed an agreement (with Gaddafi), some people said they killed this gentleman to make sure he would not be able to say anything, just like what they did to bin Laden. Any decision that would strengthen the presence, domination or influence of foreigners would be contrary to the Libyan nation's interests. The expectation of the world of the Libyan nation is that they stand and run the country themselves.
 * Addressing Gaddafi's death, saying that the west is going to plunder Libya's wealth, so it's better for Libyans to stand up and defend their country. October 25, 2011.

 * Approximately, three billion people of the world live on less than 2.5 dollars a day, and over a billion people live without having even one sufficient meal on a daily basis. Forty-percent of the poorest world populations only share five percent of the global income, while twenty percent of the richest people share seventy-five percent of the total global income. More than twenty thousand innocent and destitute children die every day in the world because of poverty. What is the justification for the presence of hundreds of US military and intelligence bases in different parts of the world...?  An assembly of people in contradiction with the inner human instincts and disposition who also have no faith in God and in the path of the divine prophets, replace their lust for power and materialistic ends with heavenly values.  To them, only power and wealth prevail, and every attempt must bring into focus these sinister goals...
 * Ahmadinejad United Nations Speech: Full Text Transcript, International Business Times, 22 Oct 2011
 * The creation of a supreme and ideal society with the arrival of a perfect human being who is a true and sincere lover of all human beings, is the guaranteed promise of Allah. He will come alongside with Jesus Christ to lead the freedom and justice lovers to eradicate tyranny and discrimination, and promote knowledge, peace, justice freedom and love across the world. He will present to every single individual all the beauties of the world and all good things which bring happiness for humankind.
 * Ahmadinejad United Nations Speech: Full Text Transcript, International Business Times, 22 Oct 2011

2012

 * The period and era of using nuclear weapons is over ... Nuclear bombs are not anymore helpful and those who are stockpiling nuclear weapons, politically they are backward, and they are mentally retarded
 * The Iranian nation is not seeking an atomic bomb, nor do they need to build an atomic bomb ... For defending ourselves we do not need a nuclear weapon
 * Iran's Ahmadinejad says anyone stockpiling atom bombs "retarded", Reuters,  8 Nov 2012

2013

 * They accuse Iran, like all nations that seek to rapidly find their way out of the current domination. We don't need an atom bomb. ... And besides, it is not atom bombs that threaten the world, but Western morals and culture declining in values... Colonialist thinking has not yet disappeared. Only the method has changed, but the system is still there.  To save their economy, they impose war everywhere to cover their failure, the failure of the capitalist system.  We are a sovereign state and will deal with who we want... Our uranium, our oil, we are going to sell them to who we want.
 * Iran does not need nuclear bomb, says Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Telegraph UK,  15 April 2013

2017

 * In the name of God. Peace be upon all the freedom loving people of the world
 * Twitter  5 Mar 2017

 * The merciful creator created all human beings from the essence of love. Let's all love each other.
 * Twitter  6 Mar 2017

 * Whoever believes they are better than others and imposes their beliefs on others; they are against freedom and justice.
 * Twitter  3 Jul 2017

 * War brings destruction, annihilation, and elimination; the pioneers of warmongering will be the victims of their own greed. #ArmsDeal #Saudi
 * Twitter  11 Aug 2017

2018

 * Although the ruling establishment reacts less harshly against its dissidents, it has expanded the sphere of its confrontation with the people. I mean, comparing with the past (during the Constitutional Monarchy), the situation with freedom is much worse today... [The Islamic Republic's] prisons are currently crowded with the critics of the heads of the three branches of power, the judiciary, the Majlis (parliament), and the executive administration... We were truly unaware of the unjustifiable actions by the judiciary at the time (of our eight years in power). We really did not know but later we were informed [of many facts]... As you are not aware of many facts for the moment, we were also unaware of many cases and kept in the dark at the time.
 * Ahmadinejad Says There Was More Freedom During Monarchy, Radio Farda,(U.S. government funded) 29 Feb 2019

 * When power is in the hands of the elites it will lead to corruption and inequality.
 * Twitter 25 Aug 2018

 * The main problem in the world is that power, and wealth is in the hands of a few elite.
 * Twitter 22 Aug 2018

 * Power and wealth must be in the hands of all, this occurrence needs capable and just managers.
 * Twitter   21 Aug 2018

 * The great Iranian Nation, especially the Khuzestanis and particularly the Arabs, will defeat this conspiracy and overcome this challenge,thanks to their intelligence,faith and solidarity.
 * Twitter  24 Sep 2018

 * One of the main objectives of the #BlackPantherParty was feeding the hungry; which did not sit well with the #UnitedStatesGovernment.
 * Twitter   15 Oct 2018

 * Every year $1.5 trillion is spent on weapons and military which the majority of it, is related to the United States. If this money was spent to end poverty, would there be any poor people left in the world?  They got money for wars But can't feed the poor
 * Twitter   4 Dec 2018

 * I would like to wish everyone a Merry Christmas, and Happy New Year. May, 2019 be full of happiness, prosperity, and peace for everybody. Jesus loved everyone and wanted us to love all. God Bless
 * Twitter   24 Dec  2018

2019

 * When wealth,power, and media are monopolized by a minority, how can they speak about freedom and justice? The capitalist systems can never grant freedom and justice.
 * Twitter    18 Feb 2019

 * Will the constant bickering between the Democrat and Republican parties result in an internal struggle? Or is it just a game to distract us all from the real issues?
 * Twitter 20 Feb 2019

 * All the Messengers of God were sent to free people from poverty, injustice, oppression, and tyranny. Despite their claims, is there any government today that can prove to be similar to the Prophets?
 * Twitter  6 Apr 2019

 * It is unfortunate to hear about the shootings in El Paso, Texas and Dayton, Ohio. Is this the lifestyle and  management the United States leadership wants to introduce to the world?
 * Twitter Aug 5, 2019

 * Superiority and self-centeredness is the starting point of human disintegration, and the root of all problems.
 * Twitter 14 Aug 2019

 * Is the destruction of the Amazon a natural occurrence or the result of the world management ? Shouldn't we all do our best to protect our existence? #AmazonFires
 * Twitter  28 Aug 2019

 * What sin have the people of Kashmir, Libya, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan, and the people of the Ninth Ward and those of the South Side of Chicago committed to live under such an inhuman world system of governance?
 * Twitter  17 Oct 2019

 * After decades, with the people’s will the Berlin Wall fell. Hope for the day that all walls that separate the nations fall through people’s unity and determination.
 * Twitter Nov 10, 2019

Misattributed

 * … the use of nuclear weapons is Iran's right.
 * CNN mistranslation of phrase in 14 January 2006 news conference
 * correct translation: "Iran has the right to nuclear energy."
 * "CNN allowed to resume work in Iran after apology", Reuters, 17 January 2006

 * The menacing threat has been repeated endlessly in U.S. corporate media in recent years: Iran’s President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad called for Israel to be “wiped off the map.” “Iran,” “Israel” and “wipe” in one form or another occur together in more than 17,000 articles in the Nexis news database over the last seven years. It plays a critical role in the case for pre-emptive war against Iran. There’s just one problem: It never happened.
 * Lost in Translation: Iran never threatened to wipe Israel off the map, Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR)(Multiple sources/explanations cited)(1 June 2012)

Quotes about Ahmadinejad

 * Ahmadinejad was the only presidential candidate who talked against future relations with the United States. Also, in an interview with the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting a few days before the elections, Ahmadinejad accused the United Nations of being "one-sided, stacked against the world of Islam."
 * Biography on Babnet Tunisia on babnet.net, June 25, 2005

 * The precise reason for Hitchens’ theft and publication of my private mail is that I object to the characterization of Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad as having “threatened to wipe Israel off the map.” I object to this translation of what he said on two grounds. First, it gives the impression that he wants to play Hitler to Israel’s Poland, mobilizing an armored corps to move in and kill people. But the actual quote, which comes from an old speech of Khomeini, does not imply military action, or killing anyone at all. The second reason is that it is just an inexact translation. The phrase is almost metaphysical. He quoted Khomeini that “the occupation regime over Jerusalem should vanish from the page of time.” It is in fact probably a reference to some phrase in a medieval Persian poem. It is not about tanks.
 * Juan Cole in Hitchens Hacker And Hitchens (3 May 2006)

 * I don't think he's a “mad man.” He's an individual who is very committed to his view and ideology. There's almost a sort of apocalyptic mentality that reigns here and he's not alone in it. Unfortunately, there are a few people who may sign up for that kind of a point of view. The problem is that we have this kind of regime represented by such individuals who have taken, first-and-foremost, the Iranian people hostage for the past 30 years and who are completely uninterested about the state of our own citizens. They are only interested to use Iran as a base from which to launch what was from the very beginning the exploitation of a theocracy and Islamic ideology across the planet as a challenge to the rest of the world... I think you should take him very seriously. The last time the world was not quite sure about the final threat was at the time of Hitler in Nazi Germany and we know the rest of the story. If we look at these kind of regimes that have been completely merciless vis-à-vis their own population; who have been brutally shooting our youth on the streets simply because they ask for their freedom; and are willing to stop at nothing to intimidate the whole world to submit to their demand, I think we should take it very seriously.
 * Reza Pahlavi, as quoted by Felice Friedson, Iranian Crown Prince: Ahmadinejad's regime is "delicate and fragile", August 12, 2010.

 * Those who insist on transferring the Iranian nuclear dossier to the UN Security Council have received an additional argument for doing so.
 * Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov responding to the news of Ahmadinejad's missatributed comments that Israel should be "wiped of the map" "Iran leader's comments attacked" (27 October 2005) (BBC)

 * [H]e is a fervent believer in the imminent reappearance of the 12th Imam, Shi'ism's version of the Messiah. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has been reported as saying in official meetings that the end of history is only two or three years away. He reportedly told an associate that on the podium of the General Assembly last September, he felt a halo around him and for "those 27 or 28 minutes, the leaders of the world did not blink … as if a hand was holding them there and it opened their eyes to receive" his message. He believes that the Islamic revolution's raison d'être is to prepare the way for the messianic redemption, which in his eschatology is preceded by worldwide upheaval and chaos.
 * Time Magazine: "Today Tehran, Tomorrow the World" March 2006

 * Mr. President, you exhibit all the signs of a petty and cruel dictator. [..] You are either brazenly provocative or astonishingly uneducated. [..] Will you cease this outrage?
 * Lee Bollinger, president of Columbia University, 24 September 2007

 * Khomeini was succeeded as Supreme Leader by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei who stymied a weak 1990s 'reform' movement and backed the 2005 election of Iran’s current president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, a radical demagogue and rabid anti-Semite who has denied the Holocaust, declared he wishes to exterminate Israel, and whose pursuit of an Iranian nuclear arsenal, in defiance of the West, may yet bring the world to nuclear catastrophe.
 * Simon Sebag Montefiore, Monsters: History's Most Evil Men and Women (2009), p. 186

 * We have to confront the Iranian revolution immediately. There is no way to stabilize the Middle East today without defeating the Iranian regime. The Iranian nuclear program must be stopped. [...] We have to consider killing him [President Ahmadinejad]. All options must be considered.
 * Moshe Ya'alon, Former Israel Defense Forces Chief of Staff (2008), Ya'alon: Israel must 'consider killing Ahmadinejad'

 * The menacing threat has been repeated endlessly in U.S. corporate media in recent years: Iran’s President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad called for Israel to be “wiped off the map.” “Iran,” “Israel” and “wipe” in one form or another occur together in more than 17,000 articles in the Nexis news database over the last seven years. It plays a critical role in the case for pre-emptive war against Iran. There’s just one problem: It never happened.
 * Lost in Translation: Iran never threatened to wipe Israel off the map, Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting (FAIR)(Multiple sources/explanations cited)(1 June 2012)

 * Since his election as president of Iran in June 2005, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad has caused something of a sensation by, among other things, questioning the reality of the Holocaust and suggesting that Israel be moved in Europe or Alaska. His outrageous speeches have been good theatre for both his supporters and for foreign opponents who want to demonize him. However, his power is actually quite limited. For example, even with the support of the Iranian legislature, he cannot make law, and he is not the commander-in-chief of the Iranian armed forces. Above the elected government in Iran is an unelected twelve-man Guardian Council of mullahs, headed by Ayatollah Khamenei, who has ruled the nation since the death of Ayatollah Khomeini in 1989. Khamenei is the leader of the military, and the Guardian Council has the right to veto any law passed by the elected government. Since 2001, Khamenei has undone the reforms that had been gradually changing the face of Iran.
 * David Wallechinsky, Tyrants: The World's 20 Worst Living Dictators (2006), p. 2

Videos

 * President Ahmadnejad reports to Majlis (Parliament)

title: Mahmoud Ahmadinejad


text:
Animal House

National Lampoon's Animal House is a 1978 film about a misfit group of fraternity boys who take on the system at their college.
 * ''Directed by John Landis and written by Harold Ramis, Douglas Kenney, and Chris Miller.

It was the Deltas against the rules... the rules lost! Taglines

Babs Jansen

 * Greg, honey, is it supposed to be this soft?

Dialogue

 * Dean Wormer: Greg, what is the worst fraternity on this campus?
 * Greg: That would be hard to say, sir. They're each outstanding in their own way.
 *  Dean Wormer: Cut the horseshit, son. I've got their disciplinary files right here. Who dropped a whole truckload of fizzies into the swim meet? Who delivered the medical school cadavers to the alumni dinner? Every Halloween, the trees are filled with underwear. Every spring, the toilets explode.
 * Greg: You're talking about Delta, sir.
 * Dean Wormer: Of course I'm talking about Delta, you TWERP!!! This year is going to be different. This year we are going to grab the bull by the balls and kick those punks off campus.
 * Greg: What do you intend to do sir? Delta's already on probation.
 * Dean Wormer: They are?
 * Greg: Yes, sir.
 * Dean Wormer: Oh. Then as of this moment, they're on double secret probation!
 * Greg: Double secret probation, sir?
 * Dean Wormer: There is a little-known codicil in the Faber College constitution which gives the dean unlimited power to preserve order in time of campus emergency. Find me a way to revoke Delta's charter. You live next door. Put Neidermeyer on it. He's a sneaky little shit, just like you, right? [Greg nods] The time has come for someone to put their foot down. And that foot is me.

 * Boon: Where are you going? We just got here.
 * Katy: No, Boon, you just got here. I've been downstairs for an hour entertaining a boy from Pig's Knuckle, Arkansas.
 * Boon: Umm - maybe we could drive up to your folks' place this weekend.
 * Katy: Oh, fabulous. My car filled with your beer buddies going up to empty my parents' liquor cabinet. It's too depressing to think about.
 * Boon: No! Just gonna be you and me. And Otter and another girl.
 * Katy: Is this really what you're gonna do for the rest of your life?
 * Boon: What do you mean?
 * Katy: I mean hanging around with a bunch of animals getting drunk every weekend.
 * Boon: No! After I graduate, I'm gonna get drunk every night.
 * Katy: Boon, I think I'm in love with a retard.
 * Boon: Is he bigger than me?

 * [Flounder has just fired a blank cartridge into the air, causing Neidermeyer's horse to drop dead.]
 * Bluto: Holy shit!
 * D-Day: There were blanks in that gun!
 * Flounder: I didn't even point the gun at him!
 * Bluto: Holy shit!
 * [D-Day checks the gun.]
 * D-Day: There WERE blanks in that gun!!
 * Flounder: Maybe he had a heart attack!
 * Bluto: HOLY SHIT!!!
 * [They scream and run out of the room.]

 * Neidermeyer: Dress that line. Dress that line, mister! Dress that line, soldier. Mister, hold my mount. [to Flounder] You fat, disgusting slob! You're a goddamn disgrace!!!
 * Boon: [watching from afar] A vicious mother, isn't he?
 * Otter: He can't do that to our pledges.
 * Boon: Only we can do that to our pledges.
 * Neidermeyer: [to Flounder] Redo those buttons! Dress that belt buckle! Straighten that cap! And goddamn it, tuck up those pajamas! Attention! Eyes front! What's that on your chest, mister?
 * Flounder: It's a pledge pin, sir.
 * Neidermeyer: A PLEDGE PIN?!?! On your UNIFORM?!! Just tell me, mister, what fraternity would pledge a man like you?
 * Flounder: It's a Delta pin, sir.
 * Neidermeyer: You'll report to the stable tonight and every night at 1900 hours, AND WITHOUT THAT PLEDGE PIN! DO YOU UNDERSTAND?!! You're all worthless and weak! Now drop and give me twenty!

 * Otter: Bluto! I think you know everybody here.
 * Mandy: Greg, can't you—
 * Otter: Don't worry. Just keep your hands and feet away from his mouth.
 * Greg: Don't you have any respect for yourself?
 * Babs: This is absolutely gross! That boy is a P-I-G, pig!
 * Bluto: See if you can guess what I am now. [puts mashed potatoes in his mouth, then squeezes his cheeks, spraying them] I'm a zit. Get it?
 * Greg: All right, you bastard. Let's go, right here!
 * Bluto: Food fight!

 * Dean Wormer: Well, well, well. Looks like somebody forgot there's a rule against alcoholic beverages in fraternities on probation!
 * Otter: What a tool.
 * Dean Wormer: I didn't get that, son, what was that?
 * Otter: Uh, I said, "What a shame that a few bad apples have to spoil a good time for everyone by breaking the rules."
 * Dean Wormer: Put a sock in it, boy, or else you'll be outta here like shit through a goose.

 * Otter: We need to do something.
 * Boon: We do.
 * Otter: You know what we need to do?
 * Otter and Boon: Toga party.
 * Hoover: We're on "double-secret probation," whatever the hell that is. We can't afford to have a toga party.
 * Otter: You guys up for a toga party?
 * Bluto: TOGA! TOGA!
 * Otter: Ah, I think they like the idea, Hoov.
 * Hoover: Otter, please don't do this.
 * Otter: I've got news for you, pal. They're gonna nail us no matter what we do, so we might as well have a good time.
 * [Otter and Bluto lead the Deltas in a growing chant of "Toga! Toga! Toga!"]
 * Note: the bolded line is ranked #82 in the American Film Institute's list of the top 100 movie quotations in American cinema.

 * Hoover: (to Boon) Will you tell those assholes to shut up?
 * Boon: (to everyone in the court) HEY, SHUT UP, YOU ASSHOLES!

 * Otter: Point of parliamentary procedure!
 * Hoover: Don't screw around, they're serious this time.
 * Otter: Take it easy, I'm pre-law.
 * Boon: I thought you were pre-med.
 * Otter: What's the difference? Ladies and gentlemen, I'll be brief. The issue here is not whether we broke a few rules, or took a few liberties with our female party guests—we did. [winks at Dean Wormer] But you can't hold a whole fraternity responsible for the behavior of a few, sick perverted individuals. For if you do, then shouldn't we blame the whole fraternity system? And if the whole fraternity system is guilty, then isn't this an indictment of our educational institutions in general? I put it to you, Greg: isn't this an indictment of our entire American society? Well, you can do what you want to us, but we're not going to sit here and listen to you badmouth the United States of America. Gentlemen!
 * [Leads the Deltas out of the hearing, all humming the Star-Spangled Banner]
 * Greg: Order!
 * Dean Wormer: You're not walking out of this one, mister! You're finished! No more Delta! You've bought it this time, buster! I'm calling your national office! I'm going to revoke your charter! And if you wise guys try one more thing, one more, I'm going to kick you out of college! NO MORE FUN OF ANY KIND!!

 * [Delta House has just been shut down and its charter revoked.]
 * Neidermeyer: How does it feel to be an independent, Schoenstein?
 * Boon: How's it feel to be an asshole, Neidermeyer?

 * [Pinto looks down and sees Clorette passed out on Hoover's bed nude. He then sees his good and evil conscience perched on either shoulder.]
 * Pinto's Conscience (Devil): Fuck her! Fuck her brains out! Suck her tits. Squeeze her buns. You know she wants it.
 * Pinto's Conscience (Angel): For Shame! Lawrence! I'm surprised at you.
 * Pinto's Conscience (Devil): Ah! Don't listen to that Jackoff. Look at those gazongas. You'll never get a better chance.
 * Pinto's Conscience (Angel): If you lay one hand on that poor sweet, helpless girl, you'll despise yourself forever.
 * [Pinto thinks for a moment.]
 * Pinto's Conscience (Angel): I'm proud of you, Lawrence.
 * Pinto's Conscience (Devil): You homo!

 * [Flounder is crying over his brother's car being totaled]
 * D-Day: Hey, quit your blubberin'. When I get through with this baby, you won't even recognize it.
 * Otter: Flounder, you can't spend your whole life worrying about your mistakes! You fucked up. You trusted us! Hey, make the best of it! Maybe we can help.
 * Flounder: That's easy for you to say! What am I going to tell Fred?!
 * Otter: I'll tell you what. I'll swear you were doing a great job taking care of his car, but you parked it out back last night and this morning, it was gone. D-Day takes care of the wreck. We report it to the police. Your brother's insurance company buys him a new car.
 * Flounder: Will that work?
 * Otter: Hey, it's gotta work better than the truth.
 * Bluto: My advice to you is to start drinking heavily.
 * [Bluto gives Flounder a six-pack]
 * Otter: You better listen to him, Flounder. He's in pre-med.
 * [Otter and Bluto shake hands]
 * D-Day: There you go now, just leave everything to me.
 * [He laughs and ignites a blowtorch.]

 * Dean Wormer: Where are the other two—Stratton and Schoenstein?
 * Hoover: We looked everywhere, sir, but—
 * Dean Wormer: Never mind. It doesn't matter. You gentlemen seen your midterm grades yet?
 * Hoover: Oh, they're not posted yet, sir.
 * Dean Wormer: I've seen them. Mr. Kroger, two C's, two D's and an F—that's a 1.2 grade average. Congratulations, Kroger, you're at the top of the Delta pledge class.
 * [Bluto gives Kroger a congratulatory nudge]
 * Dean Wormer: Mr. Dorfman.
 * Flounder: Hellooooo.
 * Dean Wormer: 0.2. Fat, drunk and stupid is no way to go through life, son. Mr. Hoover, president of Delta House—1.6. Four C's and an F. A fine example you set. Daniel Simpson Day has no grade point average. All courses incomplete. Mr. Blu— [looks up to see that Bluto has stuck pencils up his nose] Mr. Blutarsky. [with heavy emphasis] Zero. Point. Zero.[Bluto shrugs.] Now I want you to tell Mr. Stratton and Mr. Schoenstein exactly what I'm about to tell you now.
 * Hoover: What's that, sir?
 * Dean Wormer: You're out! Finished at Faber! Expelled! I want you off this campus at 9:00 Monday morning! And I'm sure you'll be happy to know that I have notified your local draft boards and told them that you are now all, all eligible for military service.
 * [Flounder's mouth flutters]
 * Dean Wormer: Well? [Flounder opens his mouth a bit] Well? [Flounder opens his mouth some more] OUT with it!
 * [Flounder vomits on Dean Wormer]

 * Bluto: Christ! Seven years of college down the drain. Might as well join the fucking Peace Corps!
 * Pinto: My mother's gonna kill me.
 * Hoover: I knew it. I knew it, I knew it, I knew it.
 * Flounder: Can't believe I threw up in front of Dean Wormer.
 * Boon: [puts his arm around Flounder] Face it, Kent. You threw up on Dean Wormer.
 * [D-Day walks in, supporting an injured Otter.]
 * D-Day: Move. Move it.
 * Boon: Damn.
 * [Boon walks over and helps D-Day support Otter.]
 * Boon: I got ya. I got ya.
 * [Otter moans as he, Boon, and D-Day sit on the couch.]
 * Boon: Jesus Christ! What happened? You look grotesque.
 * Otter: Well, some of the Omegas did a little dance on my face.
 * Bluto: Who was it?
 * Otter: Uh, it was Greggy and Dougie and some of the other Hitler youth.
 * Boon: Why? What ya do?
 * Otter: I don't know. They're just animals, I guess. [Otter looks around.] Looks like I missed something.
 * Boon: Yeah, you did. We're all officially kicked out of school. Wormer just got our grades.
 * Otter: They kicked us out of school? Huh?! That makes sense.
 * Bluto: [standing up] HEY!! What's this lying around shit?!
 * Stork: Well, what the hell we s'posed to do, you moron?!
 * D-Day: War's over, man. Wormer dropped the big one.
 * Bluto: What? Over? Did you say "over"? Nothing is over until we decide it is! Was it over when the Germans bombed Pearl Harbor? Hell no!
 * Otter: Germans?
 * Boon: Forget it. He's rolling.
 * Bluto: And it ain't over now. 'Cause when the goin' gets tough . . . the tough get goin'! Who's with me? Let's go! C'mon! [He runs out of the room screaming but then returns.] What the fuck happened to the Delta I used to know? Where's the spirit? Where's the guts, huh?! This could be the greatest night of our lives, but you're gonna let it be the worst! "Ooh, we're afraid to go with you Bluto, we might get in trouble." Well, JUST KISS MY ASS FROM NOW ON!!! Not me! I'm not gonna take this! Wormer, he's a dead man! Marmalard, DEAD! Niedermeyer—
 * Otter: Dead! Bluto's right. Psychotic, but absolutely right. [Otter stands up.] We gotta take these bastards. Now, we could fight 'em with conventional weapons. That could take years and cost millions of lives. Oh no. No, in this case, I think we have to go all out. I think that this situation absolutely requires a really futile and stupid gesture be done on somebody's part.
 * Bluto: And we're just the guys to do it.
 * [Boon and D-Day stand.]
 * Boon: Let's do it.
 * Bluto: Let's do it!
 * [Everybody cheers and starts running out of the room, with Bluto still standing there.]
 * Bluto: Go! Go! Go! Go! Go!
 * [Bluto runs out with them.]

 * Pinto: Before we go any further, there's something I have to tell you. I lied to you. I've never done this before.
 * Clorette De Pasto: You've never made out with a girl before?
 * Pinto: No. No, I mean, I've never done what I think we're gonna do in a minute. I sort of did once, but I was drunk...
 * Clorette De Pasto: That's okay, Larry. Neither have I. It's my first time too. And besides, I lied to you, too.
 * Pinto: Oh, yeah? What about?
 * Clorette De Pasto: I'm only 13.

Taglines

 * It was the Deltas against the rules... the rules lost!
 * We can do anything we want. We're college students!
 * Relive the best 7 years of your college education.
 * Guess Who's Back?
 * Animal House is an Educational Film!

Cast

 * John Belushi - John 'Bluto' Blutarsky
 * Tim Matheson - Eric 'Otter' Stratton
 * Peter Riegert - Donald 'Boon' Schoenstein
 * John Vernon - Dean Vernon Wormer
 * Karen Allen - Katy
 * Tom Hulce - Larry 'Pinto' Kroger
 * James Daughton - Greg Marmalard
 * Mark Metcalf - Douglas C. Neidermeyer
 * Stephen Furst - Kent 'Flounder' Dorfman
 * Bruce McGill - Daniel Simpson 'D-Day' Day
 * Cesare Danova - Mayor Carmine De Pasto
 * Mary Louise Weller - Mandy Pepperidge
 * Martha Smith - Barbara 'Babs' Jansen
 * James Widdoes - Robert Hoover
 * Verna Bloom - Marion Wormer
 * Kevin Bacon - Chip Diller
 * Donald Sutherland - Professor Dave Jennings
 * Sarah Holcomb - Clorette De Pasto

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Animal House


text: Category:People from Ontario

title: Category:People from Ontario


text:
Category:Oglala Lakota

Oglala Lakota people.

title: Category:Oglala Lakota


text:
Category:Shawnee

Shawnee people.

title: Category:Shawnee


text: Category:South Americans

title: Category:South Americans


text:
Category:Central Americans

For articles about people from mainland Central America.

See also Category:North Americans, Category:Caribbeans, Category:South Americans and Category:Native Americans.

title: Category:Central Americans


text: Category:Normans

title: Category:Normans


text: Category:Satirists

title: Category:Satirists


text:
Pixies

The Pixies were an influential band of the late 80's. They broke up in 1993, but reformed in 2004 and toured throughout that year. They were darlings of the Boston college music scene throughout the 80s and until their break-up, and were famously cited by Kurt Cobain as having had an influence on Nirvana. Pixies consist of members Frank Black, Joey Santiago, Kim Deal and David Lovering.

Quotes

 * I remember the first thing we did was, after we made the demo, I went over to Joey Santiago's apartment. We just sat around playing the demo tape over and over again. We were just like, fuck. This is good. If they don't get this, fuck 'em.
 * Black Francis, on the Doolittle demos - Doolittle 33⅓ by Ben Sisario

 * [They were becoming less excited] when they were mixing down Doolittle. Kim would come home and be like, "Ugg, it took us forever to do this one song". They were taking more time with everything instead of just whipping them out. [...] It definitely went from just all fun to work.
 * John Murphy, Kim Deal's husband, Fool the World by Josh Frank and Caryn Ganz

 * I remember the band coming up and Charles handing me a white envelope that had a cassette or a DAT in it of Doolittle. And I remember putting it on and being amazed at my own good fortune. "Debaser" is track one, and I had no reason to suspect that the new album would be that comprehensible in the face of the other records. The other ones were more inscrutable, and this one was positively obvious, and deliciously so. And I remember sitting in my chair thinking I was the luckiest A&R guy in the world.
 * Peter Lubin of Elektra Records, on Doolittle - Fool the World by Josh Frank and Caryn Ganz

Come On Pilgrim (4AD, 1987)

 * I live cement, I hate this street
 * From Caribou

 * Let's me knife, knife me lets, I will get, what I want
 * From Caribou

 * She's just rotting in stupid bliss, with music on her bars
 * From Ed Is Dead

 * Well, sit right down, my wicked son and let me tell you a story
 * From Holiday Song

 * You are the son of a motherfucker.
 * From Nimrod's Son

 * And while we're at it baby, why don't you tell me one of your biggest fears? I said, Losing my penis to a whore with disease...
 * From I've Been Tired

 * Come on pilgrim, you know he loves you!
 * From Levitate Me

 * Here I am/with my hand
 * From Holiday Song

Surfer Rosa (4AD, 1988)

 * I was talking to Preachy Preach about Kissy Kiss. He bought me a soda, he bought me a soda and tried to molest me in the parking lot
 * From Bone Machine

 * You're so pretty when you're unfaithful to me
 * From Bone Machine

 * Your blistered lips have got a kiss... that tastes a bit like everyone
 * From Bone Machine

 * Break my body, hold my bones
 * From Break My Body

 * I got no lips, I got no tongue, where there were eyes there is only space
 * From Broken Face

 * There was a boy who had two children with his sisters, who were his daughters, who were his favorite lovers.
 * From Broken Face

 * I have something against you, and I'm gonna use it. Oh, yeah. I'm one happy prick.
 * From Something Against You

 * He's like the dark, but I'd want him.
 * From Gigantic

 * With your feet in the air, and your head on the ground, try this trick, and spin it. Your head will collapse, and there's nothing in it, and you'll ask yourself, Where is my mind?
 * From Where is My Mind?

 * I miss your soup, and I miss your bread, and a letter in your writing doesn't mean you're not dead
 * From Cactus

 * ...'You fucking die!' I said. To her. I said 'YOU FUCKING DIE!' To her. Huh? What? No, no! I was talking to Kim! I said 'You fuckin' die!' No - I - uh - we were just goofin' around. No, no, it didn't have anything to do with anything. She said, 'Anybody touches my stuff...' and I said 'You fuckin' die', like that. I was finishing her part for her. Y'know what I mean?
 * From Studio Interlude

 * We'll keep well bred, we'll stay well fed, we'll have all sons, they will be all well hung.
 * From Vamos

 * All I know is...there were rumors he was into field hockey players
 * From I'm Amazed

Doolittle (4AD, 1989)

 * I am un chien andalusia
 * From Debaser

 * Got hips like cinderella, must've been having a good shame, talkin' sweet about nothin', cookie, I think you're TAME!
 * From Tame

 * You think I'm dead, but I sail away, on a wave of mutilation
 * From Wave of Mutilation

 * As loud as hell, a ringing bell, behind my smile, it shakes my teeth
 * From I Bleed

 * I know the nervous walking, I know the dirty beard hangs, out by the boxcar waiting, take me away to nowhere plains
 * From Here Comes Your Man

 * If man is 5, then the devil is 6, and if the devil is 6, then God is 7
 * From Monkey Gone to Heaven

 * What's that floating in the water? Ol' Neptuna's only daughter
 * From Mr. Grieves

 * You can cry, you can mope, but can you swing from a good rope, boy?
 * From Mr. Grieves

 * I'm moving out of this hospedaje, I'm afraid you'll cut me, boy!
 * From Crackity Jones

 * You're apin' rapin' tapin' catharsis, you get tore down and I get erected, my blood is working but my heart is dead!
 * From Dead

 * Shake your butt! (But not too hard!)
 * From La La Love You

 * Got hair in a girl that flows to her bones, and a comb in her pocket if the wind get blown
 * From No. 13 Baby

 * Hey, been trying to meet you. Mmmmm. Hey, must be a devil between us, or whores in my head. Whores at the door. Whore in my bed, but hey.
 * From Hey

 * Chained to the pillars, a 3-day party, I break the walls and kill us all with holy fingers
 * From Gouge Away

Bossanova (4AD, 1990)

 * Every night and every day I bossanova wit' you.
 * From Hang Wire

 * Your mouth! Your mouth! A mile away
 * From Rock Music

 * Where have you been? Finally through the roof, and how does lemur skin reflect the sea?
 * From Velouria

 * And when the planets hit the sun, I saw the face of Allison
 * From Allison

 * There is this old man, that has spent so much time sleeping, that he is able to keep awake for the rest of his years
 * From Dig for Fire

 * She's my fave, undressing in the sun.
 * From Ana

 * One side is hot, the other side of the moon is not.
 * From All Over The World

Trompe Le Monde (4AD, 1991)

 * Why do cupids and angels continually haunt her dreams like memories?
 * From Trompe Le Monde

 * Rhythmically to resound, this ain't the planet of sound.
 * From Planet of Sound

 * Oh Alexander, I see you beneath the archway of aerodynamics
 * From Alec Eiffel

 * And evolving from the sea, would not be too much time for me, to walk beside you in the sun.
 * From The Sad Punk

 * I smell smoke that comes from a gun named Extinction.
 * From The Sad Punk

 * Oh kiss me cunt, oh kiss me cock, oh kiss the world, oh kiss the sky, oh kiss my ass, oh let it rock!
 * From UMASS

 * A life that's so sublime, palace of the brine
 * From Palace of the Brine

 * Everything I needed, and I wanted, used to be that my head was haunted"
 * From Letter From Memphis

 * Sun shines in the rusty morning, skyline of the Olympus Mons
 * From Bird Dream of the Olympus Mons

 * Her warm, white belly in the life I'd lived had seen nothing finer, she shakes and she moves me or something, she's like jellyroll, like sculpture.
 * From Subbacultcha

B-sides (4AD 1998)

 * There is a way, my manta ray.
 * From Manta Ray

 * In heaven everything is fine, you've got your good thing and you've got mine.
 * From In Heaven

 * Do the manta ray, DO the manta ray!
 * From Dancing The Manta Ray

 * The method of stop, tap, spin/No talking bailey's walk.
 * From Bailey's Walk

title: Pixies


text:
User talk:Jhi~enwikiquote

--Aphaia 10:18, 19 Jun 2005 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Jhi~enwikiquote


text:
John Edensor Littlewood

John Edensor Littlewood (9 June 1885 – 6 September 1977) was a British mathematician, known for his work on mathematical analysis. He had a long collaboration with G. H. Hardy.

Quotes

 * It was Mr. Littlewood (I believe) who remarked that "every positive integer was one of his personal friends."
 * (about Ramanujan) p. lvii of

Littlewood's Miscellany (1986)
Littlewood's Miscellany is a revised and expanded version of A Mathematician's Miscellany, published 1953.
 * A good mathematical joke is better, and better mathematics, than a dozen mediocre papers.
 * "Introduction to A Mathematician's Miscellany", p. 24.
 * (A. S. Besicovitch) A mathematician's reputation rests on the number of bad proofs he has given. (Pioneer work is clumsy.)
 * p. 59
 * 'The surprising thing about this paper is that a man who could write it--would.'
 * Note quotation marks: Littlewood is repeating a joke without attribution. "Cross-purposes, Unconscious Assumptions, Howlers, Misprints, etc.", p. 59.
 * Landau kept a printed form for dealing with proofs of Fermat's last theorem. 'On page blank, lines blank to blank, you will find there is a mistake.'
 * "Cross-purposes, Unconscious Assumptions, Howlers, Misprints, etc.", p. 60.

 * I read in the proof-sheets of Hardy on Ramanujan: 'As someone said, each of the positive integers was one of his personal friends.' My reaction was, 'I wonder who said that; I wish I had.' In the next proof-sheets I read (what now stands): 'It was Littlewood who said...' (What had happened was that Hardy had received the remark in silence and with a poker face, and I wrote it off as a dud....)
 * "Cross-purposes, Unconscious Assumptions, Howlers, Misprints, etc.", p. 61.

 * I recall once saying that when I had given the same lecture several times I couldn't help feeling that they really ought to know it by now.
 * "Academic Life", p. 135.
 * If he is consistent a man of the mathematical school washes his hands of applications. To someone who wants them he would say that the ideal system runs parallel to the usual theory: 'If this is what you want, try it: it is not my business to justify application of the system; that can only be done by philosophizing; I am a mathematician'. In practice he is apt to say: 'try this; if it works that will justify it'. But now he is not merely philosophizing; he is committing the characteristic fallacy. Inductive experience that the system works is not evidence.
 * p. 73
 * I began on a question on elementary theory of numbers, in which I felt safe in my school days. It did not come out, nor did it on a later attack. I had occasion to fetch more paper; when passing a desk my eye lit on a heavy mark against the question. The candidate was not one of the leading people, and I half unconsciously inferred that I was making unnecessarily heavy weather; the question then came out fairly easily. The perfectly high-minded man would no doubt have abstained from further attack; I wish I had done so, but the offence does not lie very heavily on my conscience.
 * p. 86
 * The difference when you do know (when, for example, we are looking for a new proof) is enormous. Like a Bridge problem 'if the thing is possible it must be necessary to lead the Ace and trump with the Ace in Dummy.'
 * p. 142
 * My research began, naturally, in the Long Vacation of my 3rd year, 1906. My director of studies (and tutor) E. W. Barnes suggested the subject of integral functions of order 0... [After success,] Barnes was now encouraged to suggest a new problem: 'Prove the Riemann Hypothesis'.
 * p. 88-89
 * The derivates theorem enables one to reject certain parts of the thing one wants to tend to zero. One day I was playing round with this, and a ghost of an idea entered my mind of making r, the number of differentiations, large. At that moment the spring cleaning that was in progress reached the room I was working in, and there was nothing for it but to go walking for 2 hours, in pouring rain. The problem seethed violently in my mind: the material was disordered and cluttered up with irrelevant complications cleared away in the final version, and the 'idea' was vague and elusive. Finally I stopped, in the rain, gazing blankly for minutes on end over a little bridge into a stream (near Kenwith wood), and presently a flooding certainty came into my mind that the thing was done. The 40 minutes before I got back and could verify were none the less tense.
 * p. 93
 * Improbabilities are apt to be overestimated. It is true that I should have been surprised in the past to learn that Professor Hardy had joined the Oxford Group. But one could not say the adverse chance was 10⁶ : 1. Mathematics is a dangerous profession; an appreciable proportion of us go mad, and then this particular event would be quite likely. ... There must exist a collection of well-authenticated coincidences, and I regret that I am not better acquainted with them. ... I sometimes ask the question: what is the most remarkable coincidence you have experienced, and is it, for the most remarkable one, remarkable? (With a lifetime to choose from, 10⁶ : 1 is a mere trifle.) ... Eddington once told me that information about a new (newly visible, not necessarily unknown) comet was received by an Observatory in misprinted form; they looked at the place indicated (no doubt sweeping a square degree or so), and saw a new comet. ...
 * p. 103, on Littlewood's law.
 * Besicovitch and Harry Williams asked me what God was doing before the Creation. I said: 'Millions of words must have been written on this; but he was doing Pure Mathematics and thought it would be a pleasant change to do some Applied.'
 * p. 136
 * The Astronomer's fallacy. It is very hard to make a random selection of stars. If, for example, you see a star (with the naked eye) it is probably bright (as stars go). A lecturer was once making the point that middle class families were smaller than lower class ones. As a test he asked everyone to write down the number of children in his family. The average was larger than the lower class average. The obvious point he overlooked were that zero families were unrepresented in the audience. But further, families of n have a probability of being represented proportional to n; with all this, the result is to be expected.
 * p. 143
 * It is possible for a mathematician to be 'too strong' for a given occasion. He forces through, where another might be driven to a different, and possibly more fruitful, approach. (So a rock climber might force a dreadful crack, instead of finding a subtle and delicate route.)
 * p. 144
 * [For an unproved Lemma] I had what looked like a promising idea for this, but it was fallacious. In the middle of a three week holiday - mathematics completely below the horizon - the idea came again out of the blue when I was in bed. I forgot it had been rejected as fallacious, and this forgetting did the trick; because this time I noticed that it did prove something, and, by what was nearly, or quite, automatic writing, a proof got written down which deduced the Lemma from the something. ... I did experience automatic writing again. ... my pencil wrote down the formula [omitted] for no reason at all, and almost unattended by consciousness. On the face of it the formula has no apparent connexion with the problem, but it turns out to be an essential key to the proof. ... as if my subconsciousness knew the thing all the time, and finally got impatient.
 * p. 145-146
 * G. H. Hardy said he thought on paper ('with my pen'). He wrote everything out (in his invariably admirable handwriting), scrapping and copying whenever a page got into a mess. When I am thinking about a difficult problem everything goes onto a single page - all over the place with odd equations, diagrams, rings. However appalling the mess, I feel that to scrap this page would somehow break threads in the unconscious.
 * p. 161
 * 'Always verify references.' This is so absurd in mathematics that I used to say provocatively: 'never...' When I began writing I innocently adopted the French habit of M. (Monsieur) in front of any surname. I thus created a ghost mathematician M. Landau (to whom some 'non-verified' references were made).
 * p. 164
 * I had been struggling for two months to prove a result I was pretty sure was true. When I was walking up a Swiss mountain, fully occupied by the effort, a very odd device emerged - so odd that, though it worked, I could not grasp the resulting proof as a whole. But not only so; I had a sense that my subconscious was saying, 'Are you never going to do it, confound you; try this.'
 * p. 192
 * There is much to be said for being a mathematician. To begin with, he has to be completely honest in his work, not from any superior morality, but because he simply cannot get away with a fake. ... A mathematician's normal day contains hours of close concentration, and leaves him jaded in the evening. ... This is why we tend to relax either on mild nonfiction like biographies, or - to be crude, and to the derision of arts people - on trash. There is, of course, good trash and bad trash. ... Minor depressions will occur, and most of a mathematician's life is spent in frustration, punctuated with rare inspirations. A beginner can't expect quick results; if they are quick they are pretty sure to be poor. ... When one has finished a substantial paper there is commonly a mood in which it seems that there is really nothing in it. Do not worry, later on you will be thinking 'At least I could do something good then.' At the end of a particularly long and exacting work there can be a strange melancholy. This, however, is romantic, and mildly pleasant, like some other melancholies.
 * p. 195-196

About

 * To illustrate to what extent Hardy and Littlewood in the course of the years came to be considered as the leaders of recent English mathematical research, I may report what an excellent colleague once jokingly said: 'Nowadays, there are only three really great English mathematicians: Hardy, Littlewood, and Hardy-Littlewood.'
 * Harald Bohr,, p. xxvii
 * In 1908 Herman quoted to my father an extract from the main report on my first Fellowship thesis. ' He is to be a great mathematician, and his work is singularly mature. ' (Herman, on the evidence of my Minor Scholarship and perhaps a first term's work, broke it to my father that he couldn't expect much of me. I'm not sure when this was reversed, and my father knew the ropes enough not to build too much on a Senior Wranglership. I remember, to my surprise, as being a prodigy of 14 in South Africa, his implying that I might expect at Cambridge to be nearly as good as himself, or possibly a shade better. The Fellowship report was something of a surprise; he said 'I feel like a hen that has hatched an eagle.')
 * p. 150

title: John Edensor Littlewood


text:
James Lovelock

Dr James Ephraim Lovelock CH CBE FRS (26 July 1919 – 26 July 2022) was a British independent scientist, author, researcher, environmentalist and futurologist. He is most famous for proposing and popularizing the Gaia hypothesis, in which he postulates that the Earth functions as a kind of superorganism (a term coined by Lynn Margulis).

Quotes

 * Neither Lynn Margulis nor I have ever proposed a teleological hypothesis. Nowhere in our writing do we express the idea that planetary self-regulation is purposeful, or involves planetary foresight or planning by the biota. … Yet we met persistent, almost dogmatic, criticism that our hypothesis is teleological.
 * Healing Gaia (1991)
 * If there were a billion people living on the planet, we could do whatever we please. But there are nearly seven billion. At this scale, life as we know it today is not sustainable.
 * How to Cool the Planet: Geoengineering and the Audacious Quest to Fix Earth's Climate (2010) as quoted by Jeff Goodell
 * Curiously, aerosol pollution of the northern hemisphere reduces global warming by reflecting sunlight back to space. This "global dimming" is transient and could disappear in a few days like the smoke that it is, leaving us fully exposed to the heat of the global greenhouse. We are in a fool's climate, accidentally kept cool by smoke, and before this century is over billions of us will die and the few breeding pairs of people that survive will be in the Arctic where the climate remains tolerable.
 * "James Lovelock: The Earth is about to catch a morbid fever that may last as long as 100,000 years". The Independent (January 16, 2006)
 * Challenging the conventional wisdom is the way to make waves in science.

Gaia: A New Look at Life on Earth (1979)

 * The climate and the chemical properties of the Earth now and throughout its history seem always to have been optimal for life. For this to have happened by chance is as unlikely as to survive unscathed a drive blindfold through rush hour traffic.
 * In the current fashionable denigration of technology, it is easy to forget that nuclear fission is a natural process. If something as intricate as life can assemble by accident, we need not marvel at the fission reactor, a relatively simple contraption, doing likewise.
 * Our planet... consists largely of lumps of fall-out from a star-sized hydrogen bomb...Within our bodies, no less than three million atoms rendered unstable in that event still erupt every minute, releasing a tiny fraction of the energy stored from that fierce fire of long ago.
 * We have since defined Gaia as a complex entity involving the Earth's biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and soil; the totality constituting a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimal physical and chemical environment for life on this planet.

"The Man Who Named the World" (1990)

 * Life has to be a planetary phenomenon. You could no more have a partially occupied planet than you could half a cat or half a dog.
 * Life has to take charge of its environment and evolve with it.
 * If you were an artist or novelist, or a poet or somebody like that, nobody would think it odd if you worked in your own home. In science there's none of this at all. I'm almost the only independent scientist in Britain. Everybody else works in large institutions, universities, or industrial labs. Why should one expect scientists to work that way?
 * Bacteria … have been here for three and a half billion years, and without them we have no chance whatsoever of survival. Humans are something very recent, like the froth on top of a glass of beer.
 * In Gaia, there's no such thing as pollution. The rules of the game are that any species that produces something noxious that affects the environment is doomed. Imagine there's some green bug … that decides it would be a neat trick to make chlorine. That bug is not going to succeed. If it doesn't kill itself off, it will certainly kill off its progeny, and destroy the environment around it and have no food to eat.

Interview with The Guardian (29 March 2010)

 * I don't think we're yet evolved to the point where we're clever enough to handle a complex a situation as climate change. … The inertia of humans is so huge that you can't really do anything meaningful.
 * Even the best democracies agree that when a major war approaches, democracy must be put on hold for the time being. I have a feeling that climate change may be an issue as severe as a war. It may be necessary to put democracy on hold for a while.
 * Fudging the data in any way whatsoever is quite literally a sin against the holy ghost of science. … I'm not religious, but I put it that way because I feel so strongly. It's the one thing you do not ever do. You've got to have standards.

Interview with The Guardian (15 June 2012)

 * One thing being a scientist has taught me is that you can never be certain about anything. You never know the truth. You can only approach it and hope you get a bit nearer to it each time. You iterate towards the truth. You don't know it.

Quotes about Lovelock

 * The scientific backgrounds and areas of expertise of James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis turned out to be a perfect match. Margulis had no problem answering Lovelock's many questions about the biological origins of atmospheric gases, while Lovelock contributed concepts from chemistry, thermodynamics, and cybernetics to the emerging Gaia theory. Thus the two scientists were able gradually to identify a complex network of feedback loops that—so they hypothesized—bring about the self-regulation of the planetary system [for Earth].
 * Fritjof Capra, The Web of Life (1996)

 * Lovelock spent months in underground bomb shelters studying how viruses are transmitted and ended up inventing the first aerosol disinfectant. A few years later, he became interested in … cryogenics. … He was the first to understand how cellular structures respond to cold temperatures and developed a means to freeze and thaw animals and their sperm that is still in use today. But Lovelock's most important invention was the electron capture detector (ECD). … Lovelock made a discovery that was even more important than his invention of the ECD. Lovelace hitched a ride … to Antarctica, where he used a jury-rigged ECD to detect the build-up of CFCs ….
 * Jeff Goodell, How to Cool the Planet: Geoengineering and the Audacious Quest to Fix Earth's Climate (2010)
 * The thing I fear worst is that we won't do anything at all. We won't explore geoengineering; we won't cut greenhouse gas pollution in any significant way; we won't change our lives. We will argue about it on TV and write books and make movies and hang banners on the smokestacks of coal plants, and nothing much will change. We will just ride into the dark apocalypse that James Lovelock fears, a future of war and starvation and disease driven by the changes on our superheated planet.
 * Jeff Goodell, How to Cool the Planet: Geoengineering and the Audacious Quest to Fix Earth's Climate (2010)
 * The first question that Lovelock set out to answer was Dawkins' question about how Gaia "could evolve her global adaptations by the ordinary processes of Darwinian selection acting within one planet." … Lovelock was determined to prove him wrong. … A drastic simplification was required—a scientific model, a set of equations, which could be used to highlight one aspect of how the world works. … Lovelock's experience in systems design helped him. … Lovelock needed a mathematician who could write a paper in language that mathematicians could accept, and Watson is a wizz at math. … The beauty of Daisyworld as a system lies in a combination of positive and negative feedback. … But the crucial point is that at every stage every single daisy is acting in accordance with Dawkins' doctrine of the selfish gene. … The temperature on Daisyworld is regulated without any need for foresight or planning by the daisies. No wonder Lovelock calls Daisyworld "my proudest scientific achievement."
 * John R. Gribbin & Mary Gribbin, James Lovelock: In Search of Gaia (2009)

title: James Lovelock


text:
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi

Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (/dʒəˈkoʊbi/; German: [jaˈkoːbi]; 10 December 1804 – 18 February 1851) was a German mathematician who made fundamental contributions to elliptic functions, dynamics, differential equations, determinants, and number theory.

Quotes

 * It is true that M. Fourier had the opinion that the principal end of mathematics was the public utility and the explanation of natural phenomena; but such a philosopher as he is should have known that the unique end of science is the honor of the human mind, and that from this point of view a question of number is as important as a question of the system of the world.
 * Letter to Legendre (July 2, 1830) in response to Fourier's report to the Paris Academy Science that mathematics should be applied to the natural sciences, as quoted in Science (March 10, 1911) Vol. 33, p.359, with additional citations and dates from H. Pieper, "Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi," Mathematics in Berlin (2012) p.46

 * Any progress in the theory of partial differential equations must also bring about a progress in Mechanics.
 * Vorlesungen über Dynamik [Lectures on Dynamics] (1842/3; publ. 1884).

 * Wherever Mathematics is mixed up with anything, which is outside its field, you will find attempts to demonstrate these merely conventional propositions a priori, and it will be your task to find out the false deduction in each case.
 * Vorlesungen über analytische Mechanik [Lectures on Analytical Mechanics] (1847/48; edited by Helmut Pulte in 1996).

 * History knew a midnight, which we may estimate at about the year 1000 A.D., when the human race lost the arts and sciences even to the memory. The last twilight of paganism was gone, and the new day had not yet begun. Whatever was left of culture in the world was found only in the Saracens, and a Pope eager to learn studied in disguise in their universities, and so became the wonder of the West. At last Christendom, tired of praying to the dead bones of the martyrs, flocked to the tomb of the Saviour Himself, only to find for a second time that the grave was empty and that Christ was risen from the dead. Then mankind too rose from the dead. It returned to the activities and the business of life; there was a feverish revival in the arts and in the crafts. The cities flourished, a new citizenry was founded. Cimabue rediscovered the extinct art of painting; Dante, that of poetry. Then it was, also, that great courageous spirits like Abelard and Saint Thomas Aquinas dared to introduce into Catholicism the concepts of Aristotelian logic, and thus founded scholastic philosophy. But when the Church took the sciences under her wing, she demanded that the forms in which they moved be subjected to the same unconditioned faith in authority as were her own laws. And so it happened that scholasticism, far from freeing the human spirit, enchained it for many centuries to come, until the very possibility of free scientific research came to be doubted. At last, however, here too daylight broke, and mankind, reassured, determined to take advantage of its gifts and to create a knowledge of nature based on independent thought. The dawn of the day in history is know as the Renaissance or the Revival of Learning.
 * "Über Descartes Leben und seine Methode die Vernunft Richtig zu Leiten und die Wahrheit in den Wissenschaften zu Suchen," "About Descartes' Life and Method of Reason.." (Jan 3, 1846) C. G. J. Jacobi's Gesammelte werke Vol. 7 p.309, as quoted by Tobias Dantzig, Number: The Language of Science (1930).

Quotes about Jacobi

 * His [Lagrange's] lectures on differential calculus form the basis of his Theorie des fonctions analytiques which was published in 1797. ...its object is to substitute for the differential calculus a group of theorems based upon the development of algebraic functions in series. A somewhat similar method had been previously used by John Landen in his Residual Analysis... Lagrange believed that he could... get rid of those difficulties, connected with the use of infinitely large and infinitely small quantities, to which philosophers objected in the usual treatment of the differential calculus. ...Another treatise in the same lines was his Leçons sur le calcul des fonctions, issued in 1804. These works may be considered as the starting-point for the researches of Cauchy, Jacobi, and Weierstrass.
 * W. W. Rouse Ball, A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (1912)

 * Jacobi's most celebrated investigations are those on elliptic functions, the modern notation in which is substantially due to him, and the theory of which he established simultaneously with Abel, but independently of him. Jacobi's results are given in his treatise on elliptic functions, published in 1829, and in some later papers in Crelle's Journal; they are earlier than Weierstrass's researches... The correspondence between Legendre and Jacobi on elliptic functions has been reprinted in the first volume of Jacobi's collected works. Jacobi, like Abel, recognised that elliptic functions were not merely a group of theorems on integration, but that they were types of a new kind of function, namely, one of double periodicity; hence he paid particular attention to the theory of the theta function.
 * W. W. Rouse Ball, A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (1912)

 * I ought also to mention his papers on Abelian transcendants; his investigations on the theory of numbers... his important memoirs on the theory of differential equations, both ordinary and partial; his development of the calculus of variations; and his contributions to the problem of three bodies, and other particular dynamical problems. Most of the results of the researches last named are included in his Vorlesungen über Dynamik.
 * W. W. Rouse Ball, A Short Account of the History of Mathematics (1912)

 * The most important of Legendre's works is his Functions elliptiques, issued in two volumes in 1825 and 1826. He took up the subject where Euler, Landen, and Lagrange had left it, and for forty years was the only one to cultivate this new branch of analysis, until at last Jacobi and Abel stepped in with admirable new discoveries.
 * Florian Cajori, A History of Mathematics (1893)

 * The theory of determinants was studied by Hoëné Wronski in Italy and J. Binet in France; but they were forestalled by the great master of this subject, Cauchy. In a paper (Jour. de l'ecole Polyt., IX., 16) Cauchy developed several general theorems. He introduced the name determinant a term previously used by Gauss in the functions considered by him. In 1826 Jacobi began using this calculus, and he gave brilliant proof of its power. In 1841 he wrote extended memoirs on determinants in Crelle's Journal, which rendered the theory easily accessible.
 * Florian Cajori, A History of Mathematics (1893)

 * Cauchy made some researches on the calculus of variations. This subject is now in its essential principles the same as when it came from the hands of Lagrange. Recent studies pertain to the variation of a double integral when the limits are also variable, and to variations of multiple integrals in general. ...In 1837 Jacobi published a memoir, showing that the difficult integrations demanded by the discussion of the second variation, by which the existence of a maximum or minimum can be ascertained, are included in the integrations of the first variation, and thus are superfluous. This important theorem, presented with great brevity by Jacobi, was elucidated and extended by V. A. Lebesgue, C. E. Delaunay, Eisenlohr, S. Spitzer, Hesse, and Clebsch. ...In 1852 G. Mainardi attempted to exhibit a new method of discriminating maxima and minima, and extended Jacobi's theorem to double integrals. Mainardi and F. Brioschi showed the value of determinants in exhibiting the terms of the second variation.
 * Florian Cajori, A History of Mathematics (1893)

 * Gauss' researches on the theory of numbers were the starting-point for a school of writers, among the earliest of whom was Jacobi. The latter contributed to Crelle's Journal an article on cubic residues, giving theorems without proofs. After the publication of Gauss' paper on biquadratic residues, giving the law of biquadratic reciprocity, and his treatment of complex numbers, Jacobi found a similar law for cubic residues. By the theory of elliptical functions, he was led to beautiful theorems on the representation of numbers by 2, 4, 6, and 8 squares.
 * Florian Cajori, A History of Mathematics (1893)

 * The problem of three bodies has been treated in various ways since the time of Lagrange, but no decided advance towards a more complete algebraic solution has been made, and the problem stands substantially where it was left by him. He had made a reduction in the differential equations to the seventh order. This was elegantly accomplished in a different way by Jacobi in 1843.
 * Florian Cajori, A History of Mathematics (1893)

 * Advances in theoretical mechanics, bearing on the integration and the alteration in form of dynamical equations, were made since Lagrange by Poisson, William Rowan Hamilton, Jacobi, Madame Kowalevski, and others. Lagrange had established the "Lagrangian form" of the equations of motion. He had given a theory of the variation of the arbitrary constants which, however, turned out to be less fruitful in results than a theory advanced by Poisson. ...Hamilton's method of integration was freed by Jacobi of an unnecessary complication, and was then applied by him to the determination of a geodetic line on the general ellipsoid. With aid of elliptic coordinates Jacobi integrated the partial differential equation and expressed the equation of the geodetic in form of a relation between two Abelian integrals. Jacobi applied to differential equations of dynamics the theory of the ultimate multiplier. The differential equations of dynamics are only one of the classes of differential equations considered by Jacobi. Dynamic investigations along the lines of Lagrange, Hamilton, and Jacobi were made by Liouville, A. Desboves, Serret, J. C. F. Sturm, Ostrogradsky, J. Bertrand, Donkin, Brioschi, leading up to the development of the theory of a system of canonical integrals.
 * Florian Cajori, A History of Mathematics (1893)

 * Among standard works on mechanics are Jacobi's Vorlesungen über Dynamik, edited by Clebsch, 1866.
 * Florian Cajori, A History of Mathematics (1893)

 * C. J. Jacobi was especially distressed because on several occasions when he came to Gauss to relate some new discoveries the latter pulled out from his desk drawer some papers that contained the very same discoveries. Jacobi resolved to get even. ...Gauss opened his desk drawer and pulled out some papers ...Jacobi then remarked, "It is a pity that you did not publish this work since you have published so may poorer papers."
 * Morris Kline (1969) Mathematics and the Physical World p. 448

 * Aside from Cauchy, the greatest contributory to the theory [of determinants] was Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi. With him the word "determinant" received its final acceptance. He early used the functional determinant which Sylvester has called the Jacobian, and in his famous memoirs in Crelle's Journal for 1841 he considered these forms as well as that class of alternating functions which Sylvester has called alternants.
 * David Eugene Smith, History of Mathematics (1925) Vol. 2

 * In 1829, the year that Abel died, Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi published his "Fundamenta nova theoriae functionum ellipticarum." Jacobi based his theory of elliptic functions on four functions defined by infinite series and called theta functions. ...The addition theorems of elliptic functions can also be considered as special applications of Abel's theorem on the sum of integrals of algebraic equations. The question now arose whether hyper-elliptic integrals could be inverted in the way elliptic integrals had been inverted to yield elliptic functions. The solution was found by Jacobi in 1832 when he published his result that the inversion could be performed with functions of more than one variable. Thus the theory of Abelian functions of p variables was born, which became an important branch of Nineteenth century mathematics.
 * Dirk Jan Struik, A Concise History of Mathematics (1948) Note: see also Hyperelliptic curve

 * Sylvester has given the name "Jacobian" to the functional determinant in order to pay respect to Jacobi's work on algebra and elimination theory. The best known of Jacobi's papers on this subject is his "De formatione et proprietatibus determinantium" (1841), which made the theory of determinants the common good of the mathematicians.
 * Dirk Jan Struik, A Concise History of Mathematics (1948)

 * The best approach to Jacobi is perhaps through his beautiful lectures on dynamics ("Vorlesungen über Dynamik"), published in 1866 after lecture notes from 1842-43.
 * Dirk Jan Struik, A Concise History of Mathematics (1948)

title: Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi