text:
Help:Anchors

It is possible to link to a specific portion of a page.

Setting anchors

 * headers automatically become html anchors, which can be linked to.
 * The  tag is not allowed in MediaWiki, so we can't do the, but we can do the "id" html attribute to almost any existing tag. For example, text.

Referencing anchors
inside a regular wiki link shown_up_as, include the hash sign (#) and the header name or the id tag name as you have written it.

title: Help:Anchors


text:
Help talk:Anchors

Meta:Help:Anchors authors and history
= From Meta:Help talk:Anchors =
 * 03:40, 25 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed capitalization of template name.)
 * 12:58, 24 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed hyperlinks that break when this page is copied to other projects.)
 * 02:29, 26 August 2005 User:24.50.57.75 (→Setting anchors)
 * 02:40, 26 June 2005 User:80.255.201.8
 * 16:34, 21 April 2005 User:TheDJ (add h:h and h:f)
 * 19:55, 18 April 2005 User:Tbc (fix stupid typo)
 * 19:54, 18 April 2005 User:Tbc (→Setting anchors)
 * 07:03, 29 January 2005 User:AaronPeterson (I had to have help to figure this out, so I thought this would be usefull)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Help talk:Anchors


text: Help:Array

title: Help:Array


text:
Help talk:Automatic conversion of wikitext

Meta:Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext authors and history
= From Meta:Help talk:Automatic conversion of wikitext =
 * User:Eloquence (Help:Automatic conversion of wikitext moved to Help:Editing shortcuts)


text:
Help:Calculation

The software does not allow calculations, but one can use a piped link to a calculation with Google's calculator, with the label as answer, to demonstrate the numbers used in the computation. This way one can check for consistency, see the result with a higher accuracy, and also conveniently update the result.

E.g., in the case of the population density in the Netherlands:

482/km², giving 482/km².

With a suitable browser the evaluated expression pops up, so the link is useful even without following it.

Suppose that someone updates the population figure but not the density, than the next person can see that the density is not based on the latest figure, replace the first number, press Preview, follow the link, copy the new result to the link label, and save. Thus the update requires a minimum of effort.

Unfortunately, the result 482 has to be entered manually and consistency is not automatically maintained.

Without putting the result on the page
Alternatively, the user has to follow the link to see the result. Using template:popd is convenient and there is no redundancy, hence no worry about consistency:

gives:

title: Help:Calculation


text:
Help talk:Calculation

Meta:Help:Calculation authors and history
= From Meta:Help talk:Calculation =
 * 19:42, 15 July 2005 User:Patrick (*simple computations)
 * 22:35, 12 April 2005 User:Patrick m (Reverted edits by 220.227.242.215 to last version by Patrick)
 * 08:09, 12 April 2005 User:220.227.242.215
 * 08:07, 12 April 2005 User:220.227.242.215 (→Without putting the result on the page)
 * 08:06, 12 April 2005 User:220.227.242.215
 * 21:02, 20 September 2004 User:Patrick (restore example with new template name)
 * 19:30, 20 September 2004 User:Eequor (Remove incorrect example to talk.)
 * 15:17, 8 July 2004 User:Patrick (Alternatively, the user has to follow the link to see the result. Using template:pd is convenient and there is no redundancy, hence no worry about consistency:)
 * 14:37, 8 July 2004 User:Patrick m
 * 14:33, 8 July 2004 User:Patrick m
 * 14:28, 8 July 2004 User:Patrick (Suppose that someone updates the population figure but bot the density, than the next person can see that the density is not based on the latest figure, follow the link, replace the first number by it)
 * 14:21, 8 July 2004 User:Patrick (new, a start)

title: Help talk:Calculation


text:
Help:Category

A category is a software feature of MediaWiki. To avoid confusion with the general term category, it may sometimes be useful to use the term MediaWiki category.

Categories provide automatic indexes, that are useful as table of contents. Together with links and templates they structure a project.

Note: Categories work only in MediaWiki version 1.3 and later.

Putting an item in a category
A page in any namespace can be put in a category by adding a category tag, e.g.:

Category:Category name

This provides a link to the appropriate category page, which is in the namespace "Category". A category typically has an editable part, containing at least a category tag of a supercategory, see below; if it does not, the link to the category page is treated as a link to a non-existing page, hence it is a link to the edit page.

Pages can be included in more than one category by adding multiple category tags. These links do not show up in-page, but at the page margin in a fixed place, depending on the skin (the bottom for Monobook, the upper right corner for Standard). Category tags may be placed anywhere in the article, although they are typically added to the end of the article to avoid undesirable text display side effects. Category links are displayed in the order they occur in the article, unlike the automatic ordering of lists in the category pages themselves (see below).

Putting an image in a category is equivalent to putting the image page in it.

Subcategories
Adding a category tag to a category page makes the edited category a subcategory of the category specified in the tag.

For example, you could edit and add the link. The Soccer category would then be a subcategory of the Sports category.

Category page
A category page consists of:
 * editable text
 * list of subcategories; how many there are is also displayed; if there are no subcategories the header and count are not shown.
 * list of pages in the category, excluding subcategories and images; the number of items in this list is called the number of articles; if there are none the header is shown anyway, and "There are 0 articles in this category."
 * list of images with thumbnails (how many there are is not counted); the first 20 characters of the image name are shown, with dots if that is not the full name; also the file size is shown. As opposed to the second and third section, this section does not have subheaders per letter, it has not even a header itself and visually seems to fall under the header of the previous section "Articles in category ...", even though in counting the articles, images/image pages are not considered articles).

The items in the lists all link to the pages concerned; in the case of the images this applies both to the image itself and to the text below it (the name of the image).

The first and second list each have a header for each first character, dispensed with if there are no entries for a header.

On Meta and Wikipedia a redirect to a category shows the editable text only. To get the full page after being redirected, use the link "Image", or "Category", respectively.

On Commons a redirect to a category gives the full page, but not the subcategories and pages in the redirect page (if that is also a category).

Order of the lists; setting sort keys
Each of the three lists is in the order explained above. If you want an item in a list to be positioned in that order, based on an alternative name (sort key) for that item, then this can be specified in the category tag that places the item in the list:

sort key

For example to add an article called Albert Einstein to the category "people" and have the article sorted by "Einstein, Albert". You would type " ".

Although this is like the syntax for a piped link (and in an edit summary it is interpreted like one), there is a clear difference: the second term in the piped link is an alternative term for the first one, while the sort key is an alternative name for the page in which the tag occurs. Also, a piped link influences the rendering of the page itself, while a sort key affects the rendering of another page.

The displayed name is not changed, and, unfortunately, only visible on the edit pages of the members of the category. An explanation of the sort key system used can be useful on the editable part of a category page.

The sort key system should be obvious, otherwise the order seems random and items are hard to find. The system should either be consistently applied to all members of a category, or be such that the listings of members on which it is applied fit in well within the list of members for which no sort key is used. The latter is advisable for large, growing categories with many contributors. See also below.

A common system is starting with the last name, then a comma and a space, and then the first name; note that any additions such as "Jr." should come at the end, otherwise the entry would come before the same without the addition, because a space comes before a comma.

In e.g. w:Category:Denmark, the sort key of a page consists of the keywords, without "Danish" or "of Denmark", "in Denmark", etc.

The sort key is case sensitive, so a page with the tag is sorted before one with the tag. This can be inconvenient, requiring a sort key in projects with case-sensitivity of the first character if one wants the A and the a together, but it may also be used to one's advantage: e.g., it allows sorting of the pages into two groups, one put in the range A-Z and one in a-z, using sort keys; see e.g. Category:Demo, where the help pages are put separately by using sort key with lower-case "h".

To get the order right, be consistent in punctuation and spacing. For example, "A Z" with two blank spaces comes before "A A" with one.

An underscore in a page name is equivalent with, and treated as a blank space. However, an underscore in a sort key is distinct from a blank space.

Note that e.g. Ä comes after Z, unless a sort key is used, see e.g. de:Special:Allpages/Zz and wikisource:Special:Allpages/Zu.

As seen from the ASCII sequence above, forcing items to the beginning or end can be done with a sort key starting with a space or ~, respectively. Another common sort key for the beginning of the list is the asterisk (*).

See also 2166.

Sort key of images
Images without sort key are alphabetized according the full name, including namespace prefix "Image:". Therefore, for images for which a sort key is used, the prefix should also be included, otherwise these images are positioned on the category page before "Image:A" or after "Image:Z". Alternatively, all images can be given a sort key.

Thus a list of images may show a sequence A-I, A-Z, I-Z. One may choose to fix the first and third sequence by adding the prefix to the sort keys, or the second sequence, by putting sort keys without prefix.

Similar remarks apply for other non-main namespaces. However, the category namespace is an exception: the default sort key is without prefix, to avoid listing all subcategories by default under the C. Therefore, explicit sort keys should also be without prefix.

Grouping of pages by using sort keys
If e.g. in a list of people sort keys like "scientist Einstein, Albert" are used then all scientists are listed together under the "s". Unfortunately no separate heading "scientist(s)" is possible, and salesmen would be under the same heading. Alternatively "scientist" can have e.g. code K (to be explained in the editable part of the category page) and the sort key "K Einstein, Albert" is used.

Labels in the list of images
As mentioned above, the first 20 characters of the image name are shown, with dots if that is not the full name. This can be inconvenient, e.g. in commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau most images have a name starting with "William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) -", which are therefore all labeled "William-Adolphe Boug..." (see the last section of the category page).

The full names are only shown in the hover box and the status bar, depending on the browser; in the latter possibly with codes such as "%28" for "(".

Thus, looking up a name in the alphabetic list is cumbersome. It might have been better to start the names with the shorter "Bouguereau, " and then the title of the painting (unless the software will be improved later).

Alternatives for overviews
An overview of links to pages and of images by means of thumbnails, can be put in the editable part of a category, just like in any page, or be generated in the second, third and fourth part of the category page.

The first gives control on structure and lay-out. For example, in the editable part of commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau the name of the painter does not have to be repeated, and the full titles of the paintings can be shown.

The second is more convenient for new pages/images: by putting the category tag (which for images can even be done in the upload summary) the overview is automatically updated. Also, the sorting in alphabetic order is automatic in the second case.

A category page may have an overview in the first part, as well as in one or more of the other parts, with the following possibilities:
 * items occur twice, but ordered and structured differently, with different info (including that the fourth section shows the file sizes); when creating/uploading new items, they can be put in the category first, which is a convenient intermediate stage for updating the editable part
 * avoiding duplications

Anyway, a category has the double functionality of allowing extension of the overviews both from the overview page and from the member pages. This convenience makes it easier to build and maintain a complete overview (albeit divided over sections) for the subject concerned.

If the second, third and fourth part of the category page are not used than the category page is much like a page in another namespace. Differences are:
 * the name starts with "Category:"
 * in ordinary links to the category page the name is preceded by a colon
 * Related Changes does not work for the editable part

If a category is growing too large, it is cumbersome to split. When new items need to be added, and they are on a subtopic about which there is still little in the category, this is a good occasion to start a subcategory. Other kinds of overview can be split more easily.

See also commons:Commons:Images on normal pages or categories:Vote.

Linking to a category
If you want to link to a category without the current page being added to it, you should use the link form Category: foobar (where foobar is the category name). Note the extra : before Category.

Existing categories
You can see currently used categories for each project with Special:Categories, for Wikipedia w:Special:Categories. It produces a list of all categories, including those which contain subcategories or pages, but have no additional text, as opposed to Special:Allpages for the Category namespace (on Meta: ), which does not include the latter. In that case a link to the category page shows up as link to a non-existing page that leads to the edit page. Even with preview this does not show the pages etc. in the category; use Cancel or, better, add a supercategory and/or other text, and save, to see the pages in the category.

Navigation is by number in alphabetic order, not by starting letter. For projects with thousands of categories this is cumbersome.

A category tag in a template; caching problem
If a template contains the code indicating that it is in a category, this does not only put that template in the category, but also the pages that include the template. For example, this page includes Template:Hh and as a result is in Category:English documentation.

The page that contains the template correctly lists the categories to which it belongs. However, adding or deleting a category tag in the template does not add or delete the listings on the category page of pages that use the template, until some edit is made in the page that uses the template.

In other words:

 * lists of categories a page is in, are up-to-date
 * lists of pages in a category are based on the situation just after the last edit of the pages

Since adding or removing a category or template tag is obviously an edit there is only a complication when a page is indirectly added to or deleted from a category, through a change in a template the page uses.

To refresh category pages with respect to the listing of a particular page (adding or deleting the entry), a null edit can be applied to that page: just applying section edit and saving without changes.

Sort key
A sort key in a category tag in a template applies to the template as well as to the pages that use it, so it is only useful if it is variable. It can depend on a variable (notably PAGENAME), parameter, or the content of a template.

Categorizing templates themselves
To categorize templates themselves, without the pages that call them, one could consider putting the category tag in the talk page of the template, and an explanation on the category page that the template talk pages listed are meant as categorization of the templates.

A category name depending on a template or parameter
A category name can depend on a template or parameter, just like the target of other links, see Template:Cat and Template talk:Cat.

Comparison with "What links here"
Backlinks are often used as a by-product of links. However, links can be put specially for the backlinks, just like category tags are. In that case a redirect corresponds to a supercategory.

Advantages of categories:
 * Category listings are alphabetical, for "What links here" this typically applies for the first part only, for the pages already linking to the given page at the time of the last rebuilding of the link tables in the database.
 * Categories have an editable part (however, there is anyway a talk page)
 * A category can have multiple supercategories

Advantage of a pseudo-category system using backlinks:
 * Backlinks can show a tree structure: not only pages and subcategories, but also the contents of the subcategories (for each a list of pages and a list of sub-subcategories) and the contents of the sub-subcategories (for each a list of pages and a list of sub-sub-subcategories), but not the contents of the sub-sub-subcategories, up to three levels are shown; see Cat:Help and Cat:Municipalities of the Netherlands.

Alternatively a template (either a dummy one, specially for this purpose, or one with contents) can function as a supercategory, used in connection with backlinks. In that case:
 * also multiple supercategories are possible
 * combined content of subcategories is shown in one list, not grouped by subcategory (the tree structure is not shown, but it can be used by taking the backlinks at a lower node, showing the smaller set)
 * the restriction of three levels (in the case of using redirects) does not apply; for example page Aijkl in the category Aijk in the category Aij in the category Ai in the category A (represented by Aijkl calling template Aijk, etc.) can be shown in the list of pages in category A (the backlinks of template A).

"What links here" tends to be a by-product of links that are useful anyway (although links may be put with this use in mind), while category links are put specially to produce a category page.

Putting a category tag on a test page, user page, etc. (also if done indirectly by including a template with a category tag) is considered to pollute the category, while regular links from such pages showing up in "what links here" is considered harmless.

Therefore:
 * when copying text to such pages, category tags have to be removed; alternatively, convert the category to a link by adding a leading colon after the brackets. For example, "Category:Art" is a link to the category, not an assignment to a category.
 * when including a template that is in a category, do not use the template feature, but use "subst" or copy-and-paste, and delete the category tags.

Applying "What links here" and "Related Changes" to a category
For the "What links here" feature, only the links in the editable part of the page count, not the links to the pages in the category.

Before 1.4: ditto for the "Related Changes" feature.

From 1.4: For a category, the "Related Changes" feature gives the changes in the pages in the category (according to the current category page, so excluding the pages that have potentially been added and including those that have potentially been removed, through addition or deletion of a template to/from the category, as explained above)
 * for subcategories: the changes in their editable parts only
 * for images (image pages): the changes in their editable parts only.

It does not show the changes in pages linked from the editable parts of the category. Possible workarounds:
 * The editable part can be put in a template. The category tags (which have no effect on Related Changes anyway) can better be kept out of the template, because on the pages of these supercategories the template would be listed under the articles in those categories. Whether interwiki links (with or without interlanguage link feature) are in the template or not does not make a difference, provided that the template is not used elsewhere.
 * Related Changes is applied to a page that calls the category as a template: ; only the editable part is included in the page; the page could be specially created for this purpose and call multiple categories. However, this page will then be listed in the supercategory pages of each category.

As usual (but as opposed to a watchlist) the changes in the corresponding talk pages are not shown.

Detection of additions to a category
With "Related Changes" one can find pages which are newly in a category due to addition of a category tag or the tag of a template that is in the category. Addition of pages through addition to the category of a template is seen indirectly: one can see the change in the template, and then check which pages call the template. This even shows pages which are only potentially in the category (see above).

Detection of deletions from a category
Unfortunately there is no similar way to detect a deletion from a category.

Conventions and project-specific settings
Each page is typically in at least one category. It may be in more, but it may be wise not to put a page in a category and also in a more general category.

Each category, except one top-level category, is typically in at least one higher level category.

Check the conventions in a project and make yourself familiar with the categories in use before assigning pages and subcategories to categories and before creating new categories.

For category names the usual rules for case-sensitivity of page names apply: they are case-sensitive beyond the first character, but in most projects the first character is case-insensitive. So be aware that you create a new category if the capitalization beyond the first character is not the same.

How categories are implemented
(partly repeating the above)

Each of the pages in the Category namespace represents a so-called category, a kind of grouping of related pages. For example, this page belongs to "Category:English documentation". When a page belongs to one or more categories, this information appears at the bottom of the page (or in the upper-right corner, depending on the skin being used).

The page of the category contains text that can be edited, like any other page, but when displaying the page, the last part of what is displayed is an automatically generated, alphabetical list of all pages in that category, in the form of links (in fact ASCII order, see Help:Special page).

For a complete list of categories, see Special:Categories. Individual wikis may have their own top-level categories, such as w:Category:Categories in Wikipedia. For categories in Meta-Wiki, see m:Meta:Categories.

New categories can be created and edited in the same way as any other regular page¹, but when displayed, an automatically generated, alphabetical list of all pages in that category appears at the bottom.

You can assign a category to a page simply by adding " Category:categoryname" to the page's wikitext source. Substitute the actual name of the category in place of categoryname.

To be specific, in order to add an article called "Albert Einstein" to the category "People", you would edit the article and add " Category:People" (no quotes) into its page source somewhere. Exactly where doesn't matter, but the Wikipedia policy, for example, is to put it after the article text, but before any interlanguage links.

Category page note
You can include the template template:category note into the category page's description,  which can link to your top level category and include basic help.

Large categories
If a category is large, there are multiple pages. A page with e.g. the name range Leiden-Rotterdam shows the subcategories, articles and images in that range, together up to 200. Somewhat confusingly, the subcategory count and article count apply to that name range. The editable part of the page is repeated on each of the set of pages.

To start the list at a given name, use a URL like http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:American_actors&from=Ford

A category TOC with such links can be useful. If foreign or otherwise special characters occur, it seems best to order the TOC in accordance with their position in the full list. For example É could be positioned:
 * at E (sort key of Échange is Echange)
 * between E and F (sort key of Échange could be E~change or "F change" with two spaces)
 * after Z (system order, i.e. the order if no sort keys are used)

If É in the TOC is between E and F but no sort keys are used, it is confusing that when following the link Z, at the end there are pages starting with É.

Examples of large categories:
 * with mainly articles: w:Category:American actors
 * with mainly images: w:Category:Public domain images

See also:
 * collating
 * category sorting
 * list of category TOCs in various Wikipedias
 * (see the Talk page for other versions)

Multiple tags for adding a page to a category
Multiple tags for adding a page to a category do not cause multiple listing in the category page, not even if different sort keys have been specified: only the last tag is effective (also, if that has no sort key, this overrides a sort key specified in a previous tag). See Help:Demo 1.

Editing
The preview of the edit page of a category only shows the editable part, not the list of pages in the category, etc.

Category flattening
There has been some discussion about implementing the option of category flattening: displaying the articles in a category's subcategories, sub-subcategories, etc. See Category flatten and.

Usage
"Is a member of" can be any binary relation over the set of all pages and the set of categories, When we consider the subcategory relation, we consider the restriction (subset) of the binary relation, to one over the set of categories only. It is a directed graph.

Usually categories are applied in such a way that page A (hence, in particular, category A) is directly or indirectly a member of category B if and only if the set of information about A is a subset of the set of information about B. This would imply that categories form a directed acyclic graph.

Nevertheless, occasionally a category cycle may occur such as:

Humans->Apes->Primates->Mammals->Animals->Tree of life-> Biology->Science->Human societies->Humans

In this case the cycle is due to a shift from the object of study, through the activity of studying, to the beings doing the study: the seemingly wrong arrangement with the info about animals supposedly being a subset of the info about humans represents the fact that humans study animals.

See also w:en:Wikipedia:Categorization and its talk page.

Moving a category page
The only way to move a category page in to manually change all category tags that link to the category, and copy the editable part. There is no automatic way to move a category page in the way one moves an article page.

Lists versus categories
For a comparison see:
 * Category:Demo and Category talk:Demo (a corresponding list).
 * w:en:Wikipedia:Merge lists to categories
 * w:en:Category:Lists that should be categories

title: Help:Category


text:
Help talk:Category

Meta:Help:Category authors and history
= From Meta:Help talk:Category =
 * 01:41, 29 November 2005 User:Patrick (→Subcategories - clarify)
 * 20:19, 28 November 2005 User:207.6.229.42 (→Subcategories)
 * 20:17, 28 November 2005 User:207.6.229.42 (→Subcategories)
 * 03:48, 25 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed capitalization of template name.)
 * 16:49, 19 November 2005 User:M7 m (Revert)
 * 14:51, 19 November 2005 User:82.70.128.110
 * 17:02, 17 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed hyperlinks that break when this page is copied to other projects)
 * 11:19, 17 November 2005 User:59.93.39.100
 * 11:16, 17 November 2005 User:59.93.39.100 (→A category name depending on a template or parameter)
 * 11:14, 17 November 2005 User:59.93.39.100 (→A category name depending on a template or parameter)
 * 11:13, 17 November 2005 User:59.93.39.100 (→A category name depending on a template or parameter)
 * 06:14, 16 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed hyperlinks that break when this page is copied to other projects.)
 * 05:28, 16 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Replacement of with )
 * 02:16, 3 November 2005 User:Blackcap (+moving a category page (semi copied from Help:Moving a page))
 * 08:56, 19 October 2005 User:Who m (rv edits by 203.87.203.218 to prev ver; test)
 * 08:18, 19 October 2005 User:203.87.203.218 (→here it is for this site)
 * 10:14, 24 September 2005 User:64.172.105.157 (→Putting an item in a category)
 * 15:32, 23 September 2005 User:Patrick (→Category flattening - option)
 * 21:33, 22 September 2005 User:69.30.17.77 (→Category flattening)
 * 11:14, 11 September 2005 User:Juzeris m (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - spelling (if > it))
 * 15:07, 9 September 2005 User:BartVB m (Fixed link to 'templates')
 * 11:55, 17 July 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories - * (see the Talk page for other versions))
 * 13:43, 27 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Comparison with "What links here" - update)
 * 08:45, 20 June 2005 User:Fleminra m (→A category tag in a template; caching problem - link fix)
 * 01:54, 17 June 2005 User:202.158.69.114
 * 01:53, 17 June 2005 User:202.158.69.114
 * 09:52, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick m (→Usage - See also w:en:Wikipedia:Categorization and its talk page.)
 * 09:51, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Usage -This would imply that categories form a directed acyclic graph.)
 * 09:48, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Usage)
 * 09:43, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Usage)
 * 09:08, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Usage - the seemingly wrong arrangement with the info about animals supposedly being a subset of the info about humans represents the fact that humans study animals.)
 * 08:58, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick m (→Usage)
 * 08:57, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Usage - directly or indirectly)
 * 08:53, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick m (→Usage)
 * 08:47, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Usage - In this case the cycle is due to a shift from the object of study, through the activity of studying, to the being doings the study.)
 * 08:40, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Usage - cycle Humans->Apes->Primates->Mammals->Animals->Tree of life->)
 * 08:38, 16 June 2005 User:Patrick ("Is a member of" can be any binary relation over the set of all pages and the set of categories, but usually is applied with A is a member of category B meaning that the set o)
 * 22:45, 10 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Categorizing templates themselves)
 * 22:36, 10 June 2005 User:Patrick (To categorize templates themselves, without the pages that call them, one could consider putting the category tag in the talk page of the template.)
 * 10:49, 8 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Multiple tags for adding a page to a category)
 * 10:47, 8 June 2005 User:Patrick m (→Multiple tags for adding a page to a category)
 * 10:46, 8 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Multiple tags for adding a page to a category)
 * 10:31, 8 June 2005 User:Patrick (Multiple tags for adding a page to a category do not cause multiple listing in the category page, not even if different sortkeys have been specified: only the last sortkey is effective.)
 * 22:11, 7 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Grouping of pages by using sortkeys)
 * 22:08, 7 June 2005 User:Patrick (Alternatively "scientist" can have e.g. code K (to be explained in the editable part of the category page) and the sortkey "K Einstein, Albert" is used.)
 * 22:03, 7 June 2005 User:Patrick (If e.g. in a list of people sortkeys like "scientist Einstein, Albert" are used then all scientists are listed together under the "s". Unfortunately no separate heading "scientist(s)" is possible.)
 * 21:48, 7 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys)
 * 21:36, 7 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page - The first and second list each have a header for each first character, dispensed with if there are no entries for a header.)
 * 01:33, 5 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories)
 * 01:29, 5 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories)
 * 01:21, 5 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - )
 * 16:14, 3 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories - mv bit up)
 * 16:13, 3 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - mv bit up)
 * 16:06, 3 June 2005 User:Patrick m (→Large categories)
 * 16:05, 3 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories)
 * 16:02, 3 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories)
 * 15:57, 3 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories)
 * 15:51, 3 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories - Months may be sorted chronologically by sortkeys in a format like 2005-6, and similarly for days.)
 * 15:49, 3 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories - Numbers may be sorted in ascending order (as opposed to alphabetical, with 10 between 1 and 2) by using sort keys with leading zeros: 01, 02, which come before 10.)
 * 13:06, 3 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories - See also collating.)
 * 23:36, 2 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys -Special:Allpages/Zu)
 * 23:17, 2 June 2005 User:Patrick (If É in the TOC is between E and F but no sort keys are used, it is confusing that when following the link Z, at the end there are pages starting with É.)
 * 23:13, 2 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories - If foreign or otherwise special characters occur, make clear in the TOC where they are positioned. For example É could be positioned:)
 * 15:50, 2 June 2005 User:Patrick (A category TOC with such links can be useful. If foreign or otherwise special characters occur, make clear in the TOC whether e.g. É is at E (due to a sortkey) or after Z.)
 * 15:42, 2 June 2005 User:Patrick (A sort key in a category tag in a template applies to the template as well as to the pages that use it, so it is only useful if it is variable. It can depend on a variable (notably PAGENAME), paramete)
 * 15:35, 2 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - Note that e.g. Ä comes after Z, unless a sort key is used, see e.g. de:Special:Allpages/Zz.)
 * 15:10, 2 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories -http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bild_Diskussion:Logo_Begriffskl%C3%A4rung.png#commons:Template:CategoryTOC.2C_en:Template:CategoryTOC.2C_en:Template:CatAZ)
 * 06:56, 2 June 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page - (is this a bug or a feature?))
 * 12:24, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Comparison with "What links here")
 * 12:19, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Comparison with "What links here")
 * 12:13, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick (Alternatively a template (either a dummy one, specially for this purpose, or one with contents) can function as a supercategory, used in connection with backlinks. In that case:)
 * 11:48, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Comparison with "What links here")
 * 11:42, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick (→A category name depending on a template or parameter - update)
 * 11:31, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Pollution of categories)
 * 11:30, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Comparison with "What links here")
 * 11:19, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Comparison with "What links here")
 * 11:16, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Comparison with "What links here")
 * 11:00, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Comparison with "What links here")
 * 10:55, 27 May 2005 User:Patrick m (→Relation with "What links here")
 * 00:21, 26 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Work-around for categorization -rm talk)
 * 21:22, 25 May 2005 User:80.236.110.152 (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys)
 * 13:09, 21 May 2005 User:Patrick (Links could be put specially for use with "What links here", as an alternative category system, even to non-existing pages, e.g. Altcat:Help 1, see Special:Whatlinkshere/Altcat:Help 1. Putting)
 * 13:05, 21 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Relation with "What links here")
 * 12:56, 21 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Relation with "What links here")
 * 12:53, 21 May 2005 User:Patrick (→Relation with "What links here")
 * 21:49, 7 May 2005 User:Patrick (as opposed to Special:Allpages for the Category namespace (on Meta: ), which does not include the latter)
 * 22:00, 29 April 2005 User:151.205.101.17 (→Pollution of categories)
 * 23:52, 24 April 2005 User:Patrick (→Existing categories - Navigation is by number in alphabetic order, not by starting letter. For projects with thousands of categories this is cumbersome.)
 * 23:47, 24 April 2005 User:Patrick (→Existing categories - rm dup)
 * 23:45, 24 April 2005 User:Patrick (Even with preview this does not show the pages etc. in the category; use Cancel or, better, add a supercategory and/or other text, and save, to see the pages in the category.)
 * 23:42, 24 April 2005 User:Patrick (→Existing categories - Even with preview this does not show the pages etc. in the category.)
 * 23:28, 24 April 2005 User:Patrick m (→Editing)
 * 23:27, 24 April 2005 User:Patrick (The preview of the edit page of a category only shows the editable part, not the list pages in the category, etc.)
 * 17:38, 20 April 2005 User:AnyFile (h:f)
 * 17:36, 20 April 2005 User:AnyFile
 * 20:51, 19 April 2005 User:Patrick m (→See also)
 * 15:05, 19 April 2005 User:Patrick (→See also -make general (Project) or put in template H:)
 * 09:08, 18 April 2005 User:Patrick (, see Help talk:International help page footer overview)
 * 17:59, 12 April 2005 User:83.91.33.67 (→How categories are implemented)
 * 06:59, 11 April 2005 User:Patrick (A category typically has an editable part, containing at least a category tag of a supercategory, see below; if it does not, the link to the category page is treated as a link to a non-existing page)
 * 23:00, 26 March 2005 User:Jeffq m (→Subcategories - Rephrasing.)
 * 22:28, 26 March 2005 User:Jeffq m (→Putting an item in a category - Rephrased a bit.)
 * 22:11, 26 March 2005 User:Jeffq m (→Linking to a category - Grammar tweak.)
 * 00:32, 26 March 2005 User:Patrick (→See also)
 * 11:27, 23 March 2005 User:Patrick (Unfortunately there is no similar way to detect a deletion from a category.)
 * 11:22, 23 March 2005 User:Patrick (Addition of pages through addition to the category of a template is seen indirectly: one can see the change in the template, and then check which pages call the template. This even shows pages which)
 * 11:17, 23 March 2005 User:Patrick (→Applying "What links here" and "Related Changes" to a category)
 * 11:14, 23 March 2005 User:Patrick ((according to the current category page, so excluding the pages that have bee potentially added and including those that have potentially been removed as explained above))
 * 11:01, 23 March 2005 User:Patrick (With "Related Changes" one can find pages which are newly in a category due to addition of a category tag or the tag of a template that is in the category.)
 * 19:24, 18 March 2005 User:83.130.106.112 (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys -Asterisk)
 * 23:04, 8 March 2005 User:Patrick m
 * 23:02, 8 March 2005 User:Patrick (A category is a software feature of MediaWiki. To avoid confusion with the general term category, it may sometimes be useful to use the term MediaWiki category.)
 * 09:48, 28 February 2005 User:Patrick (→See also -*w:Wikipedia:Category schemes)
 * 15:35, 25 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Large categories)
 * 15:33, 25 February 2005 User:Patrick (Not more than 500 pages are shown in "What links here", there is no "next 500" link or "offset" parameter. Categories can be larger (see also below).)
 * 12:10, 24 February 2005 User:Patrick (A sort key in a category tag in a template applies to the template as well as to the pages that use it, so it does not prevent listing of the template between the rest, and may even make the order ran)
 * 16:14, 21 February 2005 User:Patrick (There has been some discussion about implementing category flattening. This means, that optionally a category page also displays articles in its subcategories, sub-subcategories, etc. See [[m:Category)
 * 14:52, 21 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Alternatives for overviews - (including that the fourth section shows the file sizes))
 * 14:47, 21 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page - Also the file size is shown.)
 * 14:33, 21 February 2005 User:Patrick (/*items occur twice, but structured differently, with different info; when creating/uploading new items, they can be put in the category first, which is a convenient intermediate stage for updating th)
 * 14:23, 21 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Alternatives for overviews - Other kinds of overview can be split more easily.)
 * 14:11, 21 February 2005 User:Patrick (If a category is growing too large, it is cumbersome to split. When new items need to be added, and they are on a subtopic about which there is still little in the category, this is a good occasion to)
 * 14:15, 19 February 2005 User:Patrick (Anyway, a category has the double functionality of allowing extension of the overviews both from the overview page and from the member pages. This convenience makes it easier to build and maintain a c)
 * 23:08, 18 February 2005 User:Patrick (In e.g. w:Category:Denmark, the sort key of a page consists of the keywords, without "Danish" or "of Denmark", "in Denmark", etc.)
 * 23:23, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (→See also)
 * 23:22, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories - To have all subcategories (up to 200) on the first page, use a suitable sort key in each, e.g. by putting a space in front of the name.)
 * 16:50, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page)
 * 16:42, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page)
 * 16:40, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page)
 * 16:04, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - An explanation of the sort key system used can be useful on the editable part of a category page.)
 * 16:00, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (The system should either be consistently applied to all members of a category, or be such that the listings members on which it is applied fit in well within the list of members for which no sort key)
 * 15:46, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (However, the category namespace is an exception: the default sort key is without prefix, to avoid listing all subcategories by default under the C.)
 * 15:16, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Sort key of images)
 * 15:13, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (As seen from the ASCII sequence above, forcing items to the beginning or end can be done with a sort key starting with a space or ~, respectively.)
 * 15:09, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (Thus a list of images may show a sequence A-I, A-Z, I-Z. One may choose to fix the first and third sequence by adding the prefix to the sort keys, or the second sequence, by putting sort keys without)
 * 15:00, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys)
 * 14:59, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (The system should either be applied to all members of a category (and be consistent), or be such that it fits in well with members for which no sort key is used. See also below.)
 * 14:36, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Sort key of images)
 * 14:33, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (Images without sort key are alphabetized according the full name, including namespace prefix "Image:". Therefore, for images for which a sort key is used, the prefix should also be included, otherwise)
 * 08:34, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Alternatives for overviews)
 * 08:32, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page)
 * 08:29, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page - (this section has no header and visually seems to fall under the header of the previous section "Articles in category ...").)
 * 08:24, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Labels in the list of images)
 * 08:20, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (The first gives control on structure and lay-out. For example, in the editable part of commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau the name of the painter does not have to be repeated, and the ful)
 * 08:11, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (Thus, looking up a name in the alphabetic list is cumbersome. It might have been better to start the names with the shorter "Bouguereau, " and then the title of the painting (unless the software will)
 * 08:00, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (The full names are only shown in the hover box and the status bar, depending on the browser; in the latter possibly with codes such as "%28" for "(".)
 * 07:46, 17 February 2005 User:Patrick (As mentioned above, the first 20 characters of the image name are shown, with dots if that is not the full name. This can be inconvenient, e.g. in commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau most)
 * 15:35, 16 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - Also, a piped link influences the rendering of the page itself, while a sort key affects the rendering of another page.)
 * 15:30, 16 February 2005 User:Patrick (Although this is like the syntax for a piped link (and in an edit summary it is interpreted like one), there is a clear difference: the second term in the piped link is an alterna)
 * 15:24, 16 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys)
 * 11:29, 16 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - To get the order right, be consistent in punctuation and spacing. For example, "A Z" with two blank spaces comes before "A A" with one.)
 * 11:06, 16 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - with a blank space in front of this sequence.)
 * 11:03, 16 February 2005 User:Patrick (note that any additions such as "Jr." should come at the end, otherwise the entry would come before the same without the addition, because a space comes before a comma.)
 * 09:37, 16 February 2005 User:Patrick (However, an underscore in a sort key is distinct from a blank space.)
 * 09:35, 16 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - rm 2nd sort key: "A, b" comes after "A b" /An underscore in a page name is equivalent with, and treated as a blank space. However, an underscore in a sort)
 * 15:07, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Applying "What links here" and "Related Changes" to a category)
 * 15:00, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (Related Changes is applied to a page that calls the category as a template: <nowiki>. However, this page will then listed in the supercategory pages.)
 * 13:17, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→How categories are implemented)
 * 13:08, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Applying "What links here" and "Related Changes" to a category)
 * 13:04, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (The category tags (which have to effect on Related Changes anyway) can better be kept out of the template, because on the pages of these supercategories it would be listed under the articles in those)
 * 12:49, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (It does not show the changes in pages linked from the editable parts of the category. As a workaround, the editable part can be put in a template.)
 * 12:25, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Applying "What links here" and "Related Changes" to a category)
 * 11:31, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Alternatives for overviews)
 * 11:20, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Alternatives for overview - misc)
 * 11:03, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Putting an item in a category)
 * 11:01, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Putting an item in a category - As opposed to the automatic ordering of lists in category pages (see below), the list of categories a page is in is simply in the order of the tags.)
 * 10:55, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (correction: The sort key is case sensitive, so a page with the tag <nowiki></nowiki>Zealand is sorted before one with the tag <nowiki>[[Category:</nowiki>Foo<)
 * 10:51, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (If no sort key is specified, the canonical form of the page name applies. Hence in most projects <nowiki>Category:</nowiki>Zealand is sorted after <nowiki>Category:</nowiki>amsterdam. However,)
 * 10:41, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - However, "R&D, images" comes before "R, symbol", although R&D comes after R.)
 * 10:32, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys)
 * 10:25, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (Since only a few special characters (!"#$%&'*+) come before a comma, and a blank space is treated as an underscore, which comes after the comma, it is almost as if "Einstein" is used as the 1st sort)
 * 04:20, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Alternatives for overview)
 * 04:19, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Alternatives for overview - A mixed system can also be used, either having the same twice, but structured differently, or applied complementary, avoiding duplications.)
 * 04:17, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Alternatives for overview)
 * 04:14, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Alternatives for overview)
 * 04:05, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (mv)
 * 04:02, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (An overview of links to pages and of images by means of thumbnails, can be put in the editable part of a category, just like in any page, or be generated in the third and fourth part of the category)
 * 03:55, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Putting an item in a category - Putting an image in a category is equivalent with putting the image page in it.)
 * 03:52, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Subcategories)
 * 03:52, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Subcategories - If the page that is put in a category is a category page itself, it becomes themselves it becomes a subcategory.)
 * 03:49, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick
 * 03:41, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Linking to a category)
 * 03:40, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Putting an item in a category)
 * 03:40, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (→How to add a category, and include a page in a category)
 * 03:29, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Order of the lists; setting sort keys - The displayed name is not changed.  The sort key system should be obvious, otherwise the order seems random and items are hard to find.)
 * 03:22, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (If you want an item in a list to be positioned in that order, based on an alternative name (sort key) for that item, then this can be specified in the category tag that places the item in the list: <n)
 * 03:16, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (== Order of the lists; setting sort keys ==)
 * 02:59, 15 February 2005 User:Patrick (On Meta and Wikipedia a redirect to a category shows the editable text only. To get the full page after being redirected, use the link "Image", or "Category", respectively.)
 * 14:01, 14 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page - the first 20 characters of the image name are shown, with dots if that is not the full name.)
 * 10:10, 14 February 2005 User:Patrick (page)
 * 01:12, 11 February 2005 User:Patrick (→A category tag in a template; caching problem - null edit)
 * 00:33, 11 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→A category tag in a template; caching problem)
 * 00:32, 11 February 2005 User:Patrick (To refresh category pages with respect to the listing a particular page (adding or deleting the entry), the lesser kind of dummy edit can be applied to that page: just applying section edit and saving)
 * 22:53, 10 February 2005 User:Patrick (→A category tag in a template; caching problem - rm purge, does not seem to work)
 * 01:13, 8 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories - See also w:Template:CompactCatTOC.)
 * 11:39, 7 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page - To get the full page after being redirected, use the link "Category".)
 * 11:25, 7 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Category page - BUG: A redirect to a category shows the editable text only!)
 * 10:18, 6 February 2005 User:Patrick (→See also - *commons:Commons:Images on normal pages or categories:Vote)
 * 21:08, 5 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories - The editable part of the page is repeated on each of the set of pages.)
 * 21:04, 5 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Large categories -Examples of large categories:)
 * 20:58, 5 February 2005 User:Patrick (A page with e.g. the name range Leiden-Rotterdam shows the subcategories, articles and images in that range. Somewhat confusingly, the subcategory count and article count apply to that name range.)
 * 20:29, 5 February 2005 User:Patrick m (→Category page)
 * 20:28, 5 February 2005 User:Patrick (→Existing categories - ==Category page==)
 * 00:42, 5 February 2005 User:Patrick (If a category is large, there are multiple pages. A page with e.g. the articles in the name range Leiden-Rotterdam also shows the subcategories in that range. A message like "There is 1 subcategory to)
 * 23:07, 4 February 2005 User:Patrick (To start the list at a given name, use a URL like http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:American_actors&from=Ford)
 * 23:49, 1 February 2005 User:Patrick (→See also - For pecularities of large categories, see e.g. w:Category:American actors.)
 * 07:34, 28 January 2005 User:YebisYa (→See also - parameter "langs" in template "hc")
 * 07:20, 27 January 2005 User:YebisYa m (template "hi" -> "hh" and "langs" specified in template "hc")
 * 22:29, 18 January 2005 User:128.3.10.21 ("case-sensitive" and "case-insensitive" were used backwards; swapped them.)
 * 17:29, 6 January 2005 User:193.203.82.226 (→How to add a category, and include a page in a category)
 * 16:32, 26 December 2004 User:YebisYa m (→Setting sort keys - The sort key is made independent of the category name. See w:en:Wikipedia:Categorization#Categories requirements and usage)
 * 18:23, 25 December 2004 User:YebisYa (→Conventions and project-specific settings - see)
 * 18:03, 25 December 2004 User:220.147.119.185 (→Setting sort keys - makes the second sort key relevant to the context.)
 * 00:02, 20 December 2004 User:Patrick (not the changes in the corresponding talk pages)
 * 23:31, 19 December 2004 User:Patrick (From 1.4: For a category, the "Related Changes" feature gives the changes in the pages in the category and the changes in the editable parts of the pages of its subcategories, but not the changes in)
 * 11:57, 19 December 2004 User:Patrick (→Applying "What links here" and "Related Changes" to a category - For the "Related Changes" feature, also the links to the pages in the category count, from 1.4.)
 * 05:43, 16 December 2004 User:24.16.18.20 (Remove SPAM)
 * 02:39, 16 December 2004 User:221.193.212.169 (→How to add a category, and include a page in a category)
 * 02:14, 16 December 2004 User:18.242.5.105 (→See also - Corrected typeo)
 * 03:01, 4 December 2004 User:Patrick (Linking from a test page, user page, etc. to a category is considered to pollute the category. This restricts the freedom to copy text to a test page or user page:)
 * 22:50, 17 November 2004 User:Eloquence m (this isn't mediawiki stuff, it's meta stuff)
 * 22:49, 17 November 2004 User:Eloquence m
 * 19:31, 14 November 2004 User:Paddu m (→here it is for this site - make the rest of the text continue below the category note)
 * 18:01, 8 November 2004 User:83.67.2.246 (→Setting sort keys)
 * 09:51, 6 November 2004 User:Patrick (In order to update a page in such cases, use "action=purge", in a URL like )
 * 22:38, 26 October 2004 User:Dcljr m (→Setting sort keys - The Bar -> The Foobar -- example is meaningless unless the categories are the same)
 * 12:10, 10 October 2004 User:Patrick m (Reverted edits by 61.145.136.171 to last version by 200.181.88.238)
 * 10:33, 10 October 2004 User:61.145.136.171
 * 15:59, 28 September 2004 User:200.181.88.238 (→How to add a category, and include a page in a category - Fixing example)
 * 08:50, 23 September 2004 User:AaronPeterson (reorder and include handbook sidebar:editor toc and included short instructions on how to add a page /etc/)
 * 07:33, 23 September 2004 User:AaronPeterson m (→What categories provide -  removed header so it would appear above hideable toc)
 * 11:26, 21 September 2004 User:Patrick (other sidebar: )
 * 11:03, 21 September 2004 User:Patrick (→How categories are implemented - (in fact ASCII order, see Help:Special page).)
 * 09:39, 21 September 2004 User:AaronPeterson m (sidebar)
 * 22:46, 14 September 2004 User:Dod1 m (→Setting sort keys - more explanation)
 * 18:56, 14 September 2004 User:66.38.177.73 (typo)
 * 13:01, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick m (→A category specified in a template; caching problem)
 * 12:13, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick m (→A category specified in a template; caching problem)
 * 12:12, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick (→A category specified in a template; caching problem - rephrase)
 * 11:55, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick (→A category specified in a template - some extra explanation)
 * 11:44, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick (The page that contains the template correctly lists the categories to which it belongs. However, adding or deleting a category tag in the template does not add or delete the listings on the category p)
 * 08:53, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick (However, if the category name in the template is changed, this change does not seem to be reflected in the category listing in pages that use the template, until some edit is made in that page.)
 * 08:45, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick (misc)
 * 08:31, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick (→What categories provide)
 * 08:26, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick (→Convention)
 * 07:54, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick (→See also -Categories in this project:)
 * 17:28, 9 September 2004 User:137.246.7.215 (→Convention)
 * 04:20, 6 September 2004 User:203.160.1.70
 * 08:44, 5 September 2004 User:Patrick m (→convention)
 * 08:43, 5 September 2004 User:Patrick m (→convention)
 * 08:41, 5 September 2004 User:Patrick (For category names the usual rules for case-sensitivity of pages apply: they are case-sensitive beyond the first characters, but in most projects the first charact)
 * 02:35, 5 September 2004 User:AaronPeterson (a bit more info on how to use/implement categories)
 * 09:00, 27 August 2004 User:Patrick (An attempt to specify a category name depending on a template or parameter does not work and gives odd results, see Template:Cat and Template talk:Cat.)
 * 08:19, 27 August 2004 User:Patrick (If a template contains the code indicating that it is in a category, this does not only put that template in the category, but also the pages that include the template. For example, this page includes)
 * 05:38, 24 August 2004 User:Patrick m (→See also)
 * 01:03, 23 August 2004 User:12.214.45.9 ('Sub' is a well-used prefix.)
 * 14:16, 16 August 2004 User:Patrick (For the "What links here" and "Related Changes" features, only the links in the editable part of the page count, not the links to the pages in the category.)
 * 14:11, 16 August 2004 User:Patrick (restore bit)
 * 09:56, 15 August 2004 User:Dcljr (+ more info; chg ref to software: "WikiMedia" -> "MediaWiki")
 * 08:36, 15 August 2004 User:Dcljr (rewrote and wikified)
 * 19:46, 4 August 2004 User:Sj m (→Existing categories)
 * 08:24, 27 July 2004 User:Patrick m
 * 05:26, 27 July 2004 User:69.5.227.10
 * 11:02, 25 July 2004 User:Patrick m (→Relation with "What links here")
 * 11:01, 25 July 2004 User:Patrick (Category listings are alphabetical, for "What links here" this typically applies for the first part, for what was already linking at the time of the last rebuilding of the link tables in the database.)
 * 21:47, 11 July 2004 User:Spencer195 m (→Sub-categories -  Update - categories should be in the plural)
 * 08:23, 21 June 2004 User:Patrick (alphabetical)
 * 10:01, 13 June 2004 User:Patrick m (→Relation with "What links here")
 * 09:58, 13 June 2004 User:Patrick (A category is somewhat like a "What links here" page with regard to the special Category links.)
 * 09:18, 13 June 2004 User:Patrick (rearrange a bit)
 * 09:08, 13 June 2004 User:Patrick (→Miscellaneous - The categories to which a page belongs are displayed in a fixed place, depending on the skin (the bottom for Monobook, the upper right corner for Standard),)
 * 09:01, 13 June 2004 User:Patrick (copied bits from en:Wikipedia:Category)
 * 06:58, 13 June 2004 User:69.111.167.243 (Where to add the link)
 * 05:46, 6 June 2004 User:Zigger m (→Setting sort keys -  typo - "else"->"other".)
 * 01:02, 2 June 2004 User:D2 m (→Setting sort keys - fmt)
 * 01:00, 2 June 2004 User:D2 m (→Setting sort keys - initial case sensitive)
 * 12:09, 31 May 2004 User:Patrick (en:Wikipedia:Category)
 * 12:03, 31 May 2004 User:Patrick (→Viewing a list of categories - for Wikipedia en:Special:Categories.)
 * 11:54, 31 May 2004 User:Patrick m (→Setting sort keys)
 * 11:48, 31 May 2004 User:Patrick m
 * 07:22, 31 May 2004 User:Tobin Richard (Sub-categories)
 * 14:04, 27 May 2004 User:209.98.197.141 (→Linking to a category)
 * 21:01, 25 May 2004 User:193.29.77.111
 * 07:50, 24 May 2004 User:Tobin Richard (added some examples, needs work.)
 * 07:42, 24 May 2004 User:Tobin Richard (a start)

title: Help talk:Category


text: Help:Common words, searching for which is not possible


text:
Help talk:Common words, searching for which is not possible

Meta:Help:Common words, searching for which is not possible authors and history
= From Meta:Help talk:Common words, searching for which is not possible =
 * 21:31, 23 June 2005 User:Adam Katz m (→Fix in MySQL configuration - forgot end tag)
 * 21:31, 23 June 2005 User:Adam Katz (how to fix this ... i have not verified this)
 * 06:31, 15 August 2004 User:Patrick (*w:Wikipedia:Common words, searching for which is not possible)
 * 07:49, 11 July 2004 User:Patrick (from w:)


text:
Help:Custom namespaces

For information on custom namespaces on the Meta-Wiki, see m:Meta:Namespaces.

If you want to add a custom namespace, you need to do the following:

 * 1) Pick the names of your namespace and its talk page. Also pick numbers.
 * Note: Even numbers are for the main namespaces, odds for the talk pages. Custom pages start at 100. (Important: Do not include spaces in the name, use an underscore instead)

$wgExtraNamespaces = array(100 => "Foo",              101 => "Foo_Talk"); $wgNamespacesWithSubpages = array( -1 => 0, 0 => 0, 1 => 1, 2 => 1, 3 => 1,              4 => 0, 5 => 1, 6 => 0, 7 => 1,                8 => 0, 9 => 1, 10 => 0,11 => 1,               100 => 1, 101 => 1 ); $wgNamespacesToBeSearchedDefault = array( -1 => 0, 0 => 1, 1 => 0, 2 => 0, 3 => 0,               4 => 0, 5 => 0, 6 => 0, 7 => 0,                8 => 0, 9 => 1, 10 => 0, 11 => 1,                100 => 1, 101 => 1 );
 * 1) Goto /includes/DefaultSettings.php and copy the variables $wgExtraNamespaces, $wgNamespacesWithSubpages , and $wgNamespacesToBeSearchedDefault into LocalSettings.php
 * If $wgExtraNamespaces is not in DefaultSettings.php, you probably have an old version of MediaWiki (1.3.2 or older). You should upgrade to the current release, as there have been both bug fixes and some security fixes since then.
 * 1) Add to $wgExtraNamespaces the name of your namespace and its talk page, as it would appear in a link.
 * Example:
 * 1) If you want sub pages, add it to $wgNamespacesWithSubpages
 * Example:
 * 1) If you want the new namespace (or its talk page) searched by default, set $wgNamespacesToBeSearchedDefault
 * Example:

Note:
 * (Wiki 1.5) Per example in includes/DefaultSettings.php:
 * (Also see w:NameSpaces for complete detailed list)

/** Which namespaces should support subpages? * See Language.php for a list of namespaces. * Make any customized lists in LocalSettings.php. */ $wgNamespacesWithSubpages = array( 	NS_TALK          => true,  	NS_USER           => true,  	NS_USER_TALK      => true,  	NS_PROJECT_TALK   => true,  	NS_IMAGE_TALK     => true,  	NS_MEDIAWIKI_TALK => true,  	NS_TEMPLATE_TALK  => true,  	NS_HELP_TALK      => true,  	NS_CATEGORY_TALK  => true );

$wgNamespacesToBeSearchedDefault = array( 	NS_MAIN           => true, );

Note: Other pages for further Namespaces information:
 * http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Sub_pages
 * http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Namespace#List_of_namespaces

title: Help:Custom namespaces


text:
Help talk:Custom namespaces

Meta:Help:Custom namespaces authors and history
= From Meta:Help talk:Custom namespaces =
 * 04:16, 25 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Changed to system admin TOC.)
 * 04:15, 25 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Added admin TOC. Removed Wikipedia stub notice.)
 * 03:22, 25 November 2005 User:Xaosflux (stub marker)
 * 09:03, 8 November 2005 User:IainDavidson m
 * 08:35, 8 November 2005 User:IainDavidson m
 * 08:00, 8 November 2005 User:IainDavidson m
 * 01:46, 2 November 2005 User:Sj (Meta:Namespaces)
 * 01:46, 2 November 2005 User:Sj
 * 01:44, 2 November 2005 User:Sj
 * 08:51, 14 July 2005 User:82.133.118.123
 * 04:40, 10 March 2005 User:69.226.0.102 (Typo fix.)
 * 22:20, 18 February 2005 User:Patrick (Help:Namespace#Custom_namespaces)
 * 01:57, 30 December 2004 User:24.31.138.223 (typo fix 2)
 * 01:48, 30 December 2004 User:24.31.138.223 (typo fix)
 * 00:00, 24 November 2004 User:Brion VIBBER (Note old versions problem)
 * 01:35, 5 November 2004 User:66.92.60.130
 * 22:09, 27 October 2004 User:69.208.92.53 (Made simple how-to)

RETURN CHILDREN OF GOHTH GOD
BARTEE V TAYLOR (LAST CHRISTIAN HOLY PROPHET ..) 2600:6C5C:6000:FC5:6CD0:ECFA:7C47:DB03 15:57, 23 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Help talk:Custom namespaces


text:
Help:Diff

A diff is the difference between two versions of a page. It can be viewed from the page history: for every version there are potentially two radio buttons: the left column is for selecting the older version, the right column for selecting the newer one. Pressing "Compare selected versions" gives the difference between the two versions.

For special cases (the diff for a single edit or between an old and the current version) other possibilities are clicking cur or last in the page history or on the Recent Changes page. The diff is also shown during an edit conflict so you can see exactly what you need to reintegrate.

How it looks
The two versions are shown side-by-side. In the old version paragraphs which differ are yellow and the new version is they are green. In left-to-right languages, the old version on the left. This is reversed in right-to-left scripts. Text removed within a paragraph is shown in red on the old version. New text within a paragraph is shown in red on the new version. If a whole paragraph was removed or added, the text is not red but just black, while the other side is blank (white). Unchanged text is black on grey, only parts before and after changed text is shown.

The diff shows differences per line. Some editors find that adding manual line breaks improves the diff function.

As well as showing the difference between versions, the diff page has links to the user page and talk page of the users who edited both the last and current versions. Links to the users' contribution lists are also shown. For sysops, a rollback button is shown allowing them to revert from the new version to the old one. Note however that this is even shown when viewing the diff between the recent version of a page and a version older than the last version by an author other than the one of the most current version, in which case the rollback would not undo the change that is displayed. Thus if user A vandalized a page, and user B partially reverted that vandalism, the diff of the two together shows the remaining vandalism, but rollback reverts the partial repair by user B!

Edit summaries are also shown on the diff page. These appear in the row beneath the user names. If the user has used links in their edit summary, these act as links on the diff page as well.

In 1.4 there are also links to both versions, and the previous and next diff.

This example shows the top of the diff page, with the links described above.

When moving or copying a piece of text within a page or from another page, and also making other edits, it is useful to separate these edits. This way the diff function can be usefully applied for checking these other edits.

Width
After the table of differences, the latest of the two compared versions is shown fully.

In the case of the Classic skin with quickbar, the diff page does not have the quickbar, to provide more space. Therefore the diff page is also useful for viewing the page on full screen width, without changing the preferences.

With the Monobook skin the panels on the left are also on the diff page.

Page widening is more likely on a diff page, because there are two columns, but also because URLs (especially long ones) are not hidden.

URL
To do a comparison with the older page rendered below the table of differences, provide the URL as follows.

Open the revision of one page that you wish to compare to another, for example, and the revision of the other page that you wish to compare, for example. Copy the oldid number of one page ( in the first example) and replace the text   with  :. Paste this string into the URL of the other page between that page's title and its oldid ( in the second example), so you have something like this:

You may remove the page title ( in the example above) from the URL if you wish, but this is not necessary. The resulting diff will compare the given versions of the two pages.

To compare the current version of the page and a given oldid, you can put "current" after "diff=" instead of an oldid. For example,

would compare the current version of this page with the version that has oldid 124558.

External link

 * http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phpwiki/newcodebase/DifferenceEngine.php

title: Help:Diff


text:
Help talk:Diff

Meta:Help:Diff authors and history
= From Meta:Help talk:Diff =
 * 08:11, 27 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed capitalization of template name.)
 * 03:48, 25 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed capitalization of template name.)
 * 05:28, 16 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Replacement of with )
 * 04:14, 16 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed hyperlinks that break when this page is copied to other projects.)
 * 06:10, 8 November 2005 User:Superm401 (→URL - describe diff)
 * 19:22, 16 September 2005 User:217.44.235.117 (→How it looks)
 * 14:19, 20 June 2005 User:Patrick (BUG: Thus if user A vandalized a page, and user B partially reverted that vandalism, the diff of the two together shows the remaining vandalism, but rollback reverts the partial repair.)
 * 14:13, 20 June 2005 User:Patrick (Note however that this is even shown when viewing the diff between the recent version of a page and a version older than the last version by an author other than the one of the most current version, i)
 * 06:50, 5 May 2005 User:Patrick
 * 14:53, 25 April 2005 User:Patrick m (Reverted edits by 222.65.217.45 to last version by Mirv)
 * 14:27, 25 April 2005 User:222.65.217.45 (→External link)
 * 14:26, 25 April 2005 User:222.65.217.45 (→External link)
 * 01:56, 22 April 2005 User:Mirv m (languages -> scripts)
 * 13:16, 21 April 2005 User:Patrick m (→How it looks)
 * 13:15, 21 April 2005 User:Patrick (Text removed within a paragraph is shown in red on the old version. New text is within a paragraph is shown in red on the new version. If a whole paragraph was removed or added, the text is not red bu)
 * 16:45, 20 April 2005 User:AnyFile
 * 20:53, 19 April 2005 User:Patrick m (→External link)
 * 10:56, 19 April 2005 User:AnyFile (→External link)
 * 22:26, 14 April 2005 User:Patrick m (→External link - (my first spelling correction in Italian))
 * 20:19, 14 April 2005 User:AnyFile (→External link)
 * 11:01, 28 March 2005 User:Patrick m (Reverted edits by 222.65.205.5 to last version by Patrick)
 * 07:49, 28 March 2005 User:222.65.205.5 (→External link)
 * 22:03, 22 March 2005 User:Patrick m (note: the previous edit summary refers to UTC+9)
 * 17:52, 22 March 2005 User:YebisYa (revert to 20:26, 11 Mar 2005; +"handbook sidebar|reader toc"; langs in "hc")
 * 01:33, 20 March 2005 User:222.65.216.212 (→External link)
 * 11:26, 11 March 2005 User:Patrick m (Reverted edits by 218.82.138.103 to last version by Patrick)
 * 10:09, 11 March 2005 User:218.82.138.103 (→Width)
 * 10:58, 11 February 2005 User:Patrick (To do a comparison with the older page rendered below the table of differences, provide the URL as follows.)
 * 10:43, 11 February 2005 User:Patrick (for every version there are potentially two w:radio buttons: the left column is for selecting the older version, the right column for selecting the newer one.)
 * 10:31, 11 February 2005 User:Patrick (update)
 * 08:27, 11 February 2005 User:Mirv (it's three A.M. here so I probably haven't picked the best examples or explained it clearly, but here's how to get a diff between any two versions of any two pages)
 * 23:14, 5 February 2005 User:81.173.162.9 (→Width - clarity)
 * 23:12, 5 February 2005 User:81.173.162.9 (→How it looks - correct typos)
 * 00:17, 15 December 2004 User:Patrick (→How it looks - In 1.4 there are also links to both versions, and the previous and next diff.)
 * 00:11, 15 December 2004 User:Patrick (rm sidebar, overlaps example, at least in some browsers)
 * 03:28, 18 November 2004 User:Eloquence
 * 06:47, 29 October 2004 User:Jean-Christophe Chazalette m (Reverted edits by 221.194.206.191 to last version by AaronPeterson)
 * 05:36, 29 October 2004 User:221.194.206.191
 * 06:56, 23 September 2004 User:AaronPeterson m (added a header and  and handbook sidebar)
 * 08:55, 13 July 2004 User:Patrick (http://cvs.sourceforge.net/viewcvs.py/wikipedia/phpwiki/newcodebase/DifferenceEngine.php)
 * 10:04, 2 July 2004 User:Patrick (→Width -en:Page widening is more likely on a diff page, because there are two columns, but also because URLs (long ones are often the cause of page widening) are not hidden.)
 * 09:52, 2 July 2004 User:Patrick (In the case of the Classic skin with quickbar, the diff page does not have the quickbar, to provide more space. Therefore the diff page is also useful for viewing the page on full screen width, withou)
 * 02:45, 30 May 2004 User:Angela m (new table format)
 * 02:38, 30 May 2004 User:Angela m (present tense)
 * 14:02, 7 May 2004 User:Dittaeva (wikilink, sp, copyed)
 * 05:10, 7 May 2004 User:Angela m (fix links)
 * 10:12, 18 April 2004 User:Patrick (When moving or copying a piece of text within a page or from another page, and also making other edits, it is useful to separate these edits. This way the dif function can be usefully applied for chec)
 * 20:51, 17 April 2004 User:Angela (+edit summaries)
 * 15:58, 18 March 2004 User:Patrick (<-MediaWiki User's Guide)
 * 23:42, 29 January 2004 User:Angela m (correction)
 * 23:29, 29 January 2004 User:Angela (about the diff page, including new links & rollback features)

title: Help talk:Diff


text:
Help:Downloading pages

Downloading a MediaWiki page
Webpage shows the possibilities for saving a local copy of a webpage. Alternatively (or in addition) one can copy the wikitext, i.e. the text in the edit box (the source code within the database).

Information in the webpage but not in the wikitext:

 * images
 * content of templates referred to
 * values of variables
 * existence at the time of saving of linked internal pages
 * date and time of the last edit before saving
 * in the Image namespace (Image description pages): the image itself, the image history and the list of pages linking to the image
 * in the Category namespace: the lists of subcategories and pages in the category.

Information in the wikitext but not in the webpage:

 * comments (even though HTML also allows comments)

See also XML export, MediaWiki architecture.

Downloading some linked pages
When saving a local copy of some MediaWiki pages, note the following.

A link to e.g. the train article in Wikipedia is given in the HTML-code as /wiki/Train. This refers to http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Train. Depending on the browser (settings) the former may be changed into the latter when saving the page. To avoid this, apply View Source and save that.

Put the copy in folder C:\wiki (another drive letter is also possible, but wiki should not be a subfolder) and do not use any file name extension. This way the links work. Inconvenient is that you can not open a file in a folder listing by clicking on it, because of the lack of a file name extension.

A problem with saving the source code is that images are not saved automatically with the page. Saving them separately in a place corresponding to the HTML code is cumbersome, e.g. the first image of the train article would have to be C:/upload/thumb/c/c2/250px-Tile_Hill_train_550.jpg

If the images are more important than the mutual links, then use the browser option to save the webpage with images.

Of course variations are possible by changing the HTML-code oneself, e.g. changing http://en.wikipedia.org to C: and/or adding the file name extension .htm.

On some sites outside Wikimedia, instead of "\wiki" another folder has to be used, see Help:URL.

When downloading pages from different sites to the same folder \wiki on the same drive, note that a page name can only be used once.

title: Help:Downloading pages


text:
Help talk:Downloading pages

Meta:Help:Downloading pages authors and history
= From Meta:Help talk:Downloading pages =
 * 03:35, 25 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed capitalization of template name.)
 * 06:14, 16 November 2005 User:Uncle G (Fixed hyperlinks that break when this page is copied to other projects.)
 * 14:56, 25 April 2005 User:Patrick
 * 14:42, 25 April 2005 User:TheDJ (h:h and h:f (Does anyone know where this page belongs?))
 * 22:28, 17 November 2004 User:Eloquence m
 * 09:37, 10 September 2004 User:Patrick m (→See also)
 * 06:28, 25 July 2004 User:Patrick (*Wikipedia:Database download)
 * 08:28, 23 July 2004 User:194.168.45.250 (HTLM -> HTML)
 * 22:25, 27 June 2004 User:Patrick (→Downloading a MediaWiki page - MediaWiki architecture)
 * 08:29, 12 June 2004 User:Patrick (*in the Category namespace: the lists of subcategories and pages in the category. / misc)
 * 07:01, 12 June 2004 User:61.95.134.33
 * 07:01, 12 June 2004 User:61.95.134.33
 * 07:01, 12 June 2004 User:61.95.134.33
 * 14:10, 19 March 2004 User:Patrick m ((Downloading a MediaWiki page) wikitext)
 * 13:40, 19 March 2004 User:Patrick m ((Downloading some linked pages))
 * 13:31, 19 March 2004 User:Patrick (misc)
 * 13:24, 19 March 2004 User:Patrick (moved and adapted from en:Wikipedia:Database download)

title: Help talk:Downloading pages


text:
Help:Dummy edit

Dummy edit
A dummy edit is a change in wikitext that has little or no effect on the rendered page, but saves a useful dummy edit summary. The dummy edit summary can be used for text messaging, and correcting a previous edit summary such as an accidental marking of a previous edit as "minor" (see Help:Minor edit). Text messaging via the edit summary is a way of communicating with other editors. Text messages may be seen by dotted IP number editors who don't have a user talk page, or editors who haven't read the subject's talk page, if it exists. Each edit summary can hold 202 text characters. A dummy edit should be checkboxed "minor" by logged-in editors.

 * Examples:
 * Changing the number of newlines in the edit text. Changing from 0 to 1 or from 2 to 3 (or vice versa) has no effect on the rendered page. Changing from 1 to 2 newlines makes a rendered difference that may not be a dummy edit. Adding newlines to the end of the article will not save as a dummy edit (see below).

Null edit
A null edit occurs if a page save is made when the wikitext is not changed, which is useful for refreshing the cache. A null edit will not record an edit, make any entry in the page history, in Recent Changes, etc., and the edit summary is discarded.

 * Examples:
 * Opening the edit window and saving. A section edit save is sufficient.
 * Adding newlines only to the end of the article and saving. This is also a null edit.

title: Help:Dummy edit


text:
Help talk:Dummy edit

Meta:Help:Dummy edit authors and history
= From Meta:Help talk:Dummy edit =
 * 19:52, 1 October 2005 User:Milomedes m (wow, "really bad advice"? Like drinking downstream of the herd? What is the worst possible result of a concluding temporary dummy edit dot?)
 * 14:10, 30 September 2005 User:Angela (remove non-standard header and really bad advice - please do not add random dots on the ends of articles)
 * 08:13, 16 September 2005 User:4.252.97.162 (User login went down - 4.252.97.162 editor is Milomedes)
 * 08:03, 16 September 2005 User:4.252.97.162 (Rewrite to include info disappeared from m:Help:Editing)
 * 20:37, 13 September 2005 User:Patrick m (Help:Dummy Edit moved to Help:Dummy edit)
 * 15:17, 13 September 2005 User:SV Resolution (→Dummy edit and null edit)
 * 13:59, 31 August 2005 User:SV Resolution (→Dummy edit and null edit - this little page seems pointless.)
 * 11:46, 30 August 2005 User:Desbest
 * 11:25, 30 August 2005 User:Desbest

title: Help talk:Dummy edit