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Economy of India

The economy of India has transitioned from a mixed planned economy to a mixed middle-income developing social market economy with notable state participation in strategic sectors. It is the world's fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the third-largest by purchasing power parity (PPP). According to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), on a per capita income basis, India ranked 142nd by GDP (nominal) and 125th by GDP (PPP).

Pre-independence India

 * The Sultans drew from the people every rupee of tribute that could be exacted by the ancient art of taxation, as well as by straightforward robbery; but they stayed in India, spent their spoils in India, and thereby turned them back into India’s economic life. Nevertheless, their terrorism and exploitation advanced that weakening of Hindu physique and morale which had been begun by an exhausting climate, an inadequate diet, political disunity, and pessimistic religions. The usual policy of the Sultans was clearly sketched by Alau-d-din, who required his advisers to draw up “rules and regulations for grinding down the Hindus, and for depriving them of that wealth and property which fosters disaffection and rebellion.”80 Half of the gross produce of the soil was collected by the government; native rulers had taken one-sixth. “No Hindu,” says a Moslem historian, “could hold up his head, and in their houses no sign of gold or silver . . . or of any superfluity was to be seen. . . . Blows, confinement in the stocks, imprisonment and chains, were all employed to enforce payment.” When one of his own advisers protested against this policy, Alau-d-din answered: “Oh, Doctor, thou art a learned man, but thou hast no experience; I am an unlettered man, but I have a great deal. Be assured, then, that the Hindus will never become submissive and obedient till they are reduced to poverty. I have therefore given orders that just sufficient shall be left to them from year to year of corn, milk and curds, but that they shall not be allowed to accumulate hoards and property.”
 * Will Durant and, , Book I, Our Oriental Heritage (1935) VI. THE MOSLEM CONQUEST

 * Internal trade flourished; every roadside was—and is—a bazaar. The foreign trade of India is as old as her history;22 objects found in Sumeria and Egypt indicate a traffic between these countries and India as far back as 3000 B.C.23 Commerce between India and Babylon by the Persian Gulf flourished from 700 to 480 B.C.; and perhaps the “ivory, apes and peacocks” of Solomon came by the same route from the same source. India’s ships sailed the sea to Burma and China in Chandragupta’s days; and Greek merchants, called Yavana (Ionians) by the Hindus, thronged the markets of Dravidian India in the centuries before and after the birth of Christ.24 Rome, in her epicurean days, depended upon India for spices, perfumes and unguents, and paid great prices for Indian silks, brocades, muslins and cloth of gold; Pliny condemned the extravagance which sent $5,000,000 yearly from Rome to India for such luxuries. Indian cheetahs, tigers and elephants assisted in the gladiatorial games and sacrificial rites of the Colosseum.25 The Parthian wars were fought by Rome largely to keep open the trade route to India. In the seventh century the Arabs captured Persia and Egypt, and thereafter trade between Europe and Asia passed through Moslem hands; hence the Crusades, and Columbus.
 * Will Durant and, , Book I, Our Oriental Heritage (1935)

 * “The Indians,” says Megasthenes, “neither put out money at usury” (interest), “nor know how to borrow. It is contrary to established usage for an Indian either to do or to suffer wrong; and therefore they neither make contracts nor require securities.”
 * Will Durant and, , Book I, Our Oriental Heritage (1935)

 * The wealth of the country reached its two peaks under Chandragupta Maurya and Shah Jehan. The riches of India under the Gupta kings became a proverb throughout the world. Yuan Chwang pictured an Indian city as beautified with gardens and pools, and adorned with institutes of letters and arts; “the inhabitants were well off, and there were families with great wealth; fruit and flowers were abundant. . . . The people had a refined appearance, and dressed in glossy silk attire; they were . . . clear and suggestive in discourse; they were equally divided between orthodoxy and heterodoxy.”41 “The Hindu kingdoms overthrown by the Moslems,” says Elphinstone, “were so wealthy that the historians tire of telling of the immense loot of jewels and coin captured by the invaders.”42 Nicolo Conti described the banks of the Ganges (ca. 1420) as lined with one prosperous city after another, each well designed, rich in gardens and orchards, silver and gold, commerce and industry.43 Shah Jehan’s treasury was so full that he kept two underground strong rooms, each of some 150,000 cubic feet capacity, almost filled with silver and gold.44 “Contemporary testimonies,” says Vincent Smith, “permit of no doubt that the urban population of the more important cities was well to do.”45 Travelers described Agra and Fathpur-Sikri as each greater and richer than London.46 Anquetil-Duperron, journeying through the Mahratta districts in 1760, found himself “in the midst of the simplicity and happiness of the Golden Age. . . . The people were cheerful, vigorous, and in high health.”47 Clive, visiting Murshidabad in 1759, reckoned that ancient capital of Bengal as equal in extent, population and wealth to the London of his time, with palaces far greater than those of Europe, and men richer than any individual in London.48 India, said Clive, was “a country of inexhaustible riches.”49 Tried by Parliament for helping himself too readily to this wealth, Clive excused himself ingeniously: he described the riches that he had found about him in India—opulent cities ready to offer him any bribe to escape indiscriminate plunder, bankers throwing open to his grasp vaults piled high with jewels and gold; and he concluded: “At this moment I stand astonished at my own moderation.”50
 * Will Durant and, , Book I, Our Oriental Heritage (1935)

 * Indians of old were keenly alive to the expansion of dominions, acquisition of wealth, and the development of trade, industry and commerce. The material prosperity they gained in these various ways was reflected in the luxury and elegance that characterized the society... The adventurous spirit of the Indians carried them even as far as the North Sea, while their caravans traveled from one end of Asia to the other.
 * R. C. Majumdar, Ancient India, 1977, p. 210-216.

 * India survived only by virtue of its patience, its superhuman power and its immense size. The levies it had to pay were so crushing that one catastrophic harvest was enough to unleash famines and epidemics capable of killing a million people at a time. Appalling poverty was the constant counterpart of the conquerors’ opulence.
 * Fernand Braudel: A History of Civilizations, p.232., quoted in Elst, Koenraad (1999). Update on the Aryan invasion debate New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.

 * There was no middle state. A man must be of the highest rank or live miserably.
 * François Bernier. Travels in the Mogul Empire. Quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 6

 * Most towns in Hindustan are made up of earth, mud, and other wretched material; that there is no city or town (that) does not bear evident marks of approaching decay. (...) In eastern countries, the weak and the injured are without any refuge whatever; and the only law that decides all controversies is the cane and the caprice of a governor.
 * François Bernier. Travels in the Mogul Empire. Quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.

 * As the ground is seldom tilled otherwise than by compulsion… the whole country is badly cultivated, and a great part rendered unproductive… The peasant cannot avoid asking himself this question: Why should I toil for a tyrant who may come tomorrow and lay his rapacious hands upon all I possess and value… without leaving me the means (even) to drag my own miserable existence? - The Timariots (Timurids), Governors and Revenue contractors, on their part reason in this manner: Why should the neglected state of this land create uneasiness in our minds, and why should we expend our own money and time to render it fruitful? We may be deprived of it in a single moment… Let us draw from the soil all the money we can, though the peasant should starve or abscond…
 * François Bernier. Travels in the Mogul Empire. Quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.

 * [The Mughals maintained] “a large army for the purpose of keeping people in subjection… No adequate idea can be conveyed of the sufferings of the people. The cudgel and the whip compel them to incessant labour… their revolt or their flight is only prevented by the presence of a military force.”
 * François Bernier. Travels in the Mogul Empire. Quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 4

 * No artisan can be expected to give his mind to his calling in the midst of a people who are either wretchedly poor, or who, if rich, assume an appearance of poverty, and who regard not the beauty and excellence but the cheapness of an article; a people whose grandeess pay for a work of art considerably under its value and according to their own caprice… For it should not be inferred that the workman is held in esteem, or arrives at a stage of independence. Nothing but sheer necessity or blows from a cudgel keeps him employed; he never can become rich, and he feels it no trifling matter if he have the means of satisfying the cravings of hunger and of covering his body with the coarsest garment. If money be gained it does not in any measure go into his pocket, but only serves to increase the wealth of the merchant.
 * François Bernier. Travels in the Mogul Empire. Quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.

 * …grandees pay for a work of art considerably under its value, and according to their own caprice. … When an Omrah or Mansabdar requires the services of an artisan, he sends to the bazar for him, employing force, if necessary, to make the poor man work; and after the task is finished, the unfeeling lord pays, not according to the value- of the labour, but agreeably to his own standard of fair remuneration; the artisan having reason to congratulate himself if the Korrah has not been given in part payment.
 * François Bernier, quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 7

 * Staggering numbers also died as collateral damage of the deliberate impoverishment by Sultans like Alauddin Khilji and Jahangir. As Braudel put it: "The levies it had to pay were so crushing that one catastrophic harvest was enough to unleash famines and epidemics capable of killing a million people at a time. Appalling poverty was the constant counterpart of the conquerors' opulence."
 * Fernand Braudel, quoted in Koenraad Elst, "Was There an Islamic "Genocide" of Hindus?" and in     Elst, K. (2010). The saffron swastika: The notion of "Hindu fascism".

 * The conclusion that the decay noticed in the early 19th century and more so in  subsequent decades originated with European supremacy in India, therefore, seems inescapable. The 1769-70 famine in  Bengal (when, according to British record, one-third of the  population actually perished), may be taken as a mere  forerunner of what was to come. (...) During the latter part of the 19th century, impressions of  decay, decline and deprivation began to agitate the mind of the  Indian people. Such impressions no doubt resulted from  concrete personal, parental and social experience of what had  gone before. They were, perhaps, somewhat exaggerated at  times. By 1900, it had become general Indian belief that the  country had been decimated by British rule in all possible ways;  that not only had it become impoverished,  but it had been  degraded to the furthest possible extent; that the people of India  had been cheated of most of what they had; that their customs  and manners were ridiculed, and that the infrastructure of their  society mostly eroded. One of the statements which thus came up was that the  ignorance and illiteracy in India was caused by British rule; and,  conversely, that at the beginning of British political dominance,  India had had extensive education, learning and literacy. By  1930, much had been written on this point in the same manner  as had been written on the deliberate destruction of Indian crafts  and industry, and the impoverishment of the Indian countryside.
 * Dharmapal: The Beautiful Tree, Indigenous Indian Education in the Eighteenth Century. (1983)

 * The cities look attractive from a distance... Rich men have gardens... The common people live in huts and hovels.
 * Father Monserrate, (writing at time of Akbar) in Lal, K. S. (2001). Historical essays. New Delhi: Radha.(II.149)

 * [In the seventeenth century John De Laet (1631) summarised the information he had collected from English, Dutch and Portuguese sources regarding the Mughal empire as a whole.] “The condition of the common people in these regions (south and west) is exceedingly miserable; wages are low; workmen get only one regular meal a day, the houses are wretched and practically unfurnished, and people have not got sufficient covering to keep warm in winter.”
 * Moreland, India at the Death of Akbar, quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 7

 * The village communities are little republics, having nearly everything they want within themselves, and almost independent of any foreign relations. They seem to last where nothing else lasts. Dynasty after  dynasty tumbles down; revolution succeeds  to revolution;  Hindoo,  Patan,  Mogul,  Mahratta,  Sik,  English  are  all masters  in  turn;  but  the  village  communities  remain  the  same...  If  a  country remains for a series of years the scene of continued pillage and massacre, so that villages cannot be inhabited, the scattered villagers nevertheless return whenever the power of peaceable possession revives. A generation may pass away, but the succeeding generation will return. The sons will take the place of their fathers; the same site for the village, the same position for the houses, the same lands, will be occupied by the descendants of those who were driven out when the village was depopulated...
 * By: Charles Metcalfe in The Fifth Report for the Select Committee of the House of Commons, on the Affairs of the East India Company, in 1830.

 * When any hungry wretch takes it into his head to ruin the kingdom, he goes to the king and says to him: 'Sire; if your majesty will give me the permission to raise money and a certain number of armed men, I will pay so many millions. The king then asks how it is intended to raise the money. It is by nothing else than the seizure of everybody in the kingdom, men and women, and by dint of torture compelling them to pay what is demanded. Such financiers are hateful and avaricious men. The king generally consents to their unjust proposals, as he thereby satisfies his own greed; he accords the asked-for permission, and demands security bonds.
 * Niccolao Manucci. Quoted from Lal, K. S. (1999). Theory and practice of Muslim state in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 4

 * [When Aurangzeb died] “he left behind him the fields of these provinces (Deccan) devoid of trees and bare of crops, their places being taken by the bones of men and beasts.”
 * (Niccolo Manucci: Storia to Mogor, tr. William Irvine, IV, p. 252). quoted in Kishore, Kunal (2016). Ayodhyā revisited. ch. 15

 * The common people (live in) poverty so great and miserable that the life of the people can be depicted or accurately described only as the home of stark want and the dwelling place of bitter woe… their houses are built of mud with thatched roofs. Furniture there is little or none, except some earthenware pots to hold water and for cooking…
 * Pelsaert,Jahangir’s India. quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.

 * Peons or servants are exceedingly numerous in this country... for every one-be he mounted soldier, merchant or king’s official-keeps as many as his position and circumstances permit. Outside the house, they serve for display, running continually before their master’s horse; inside, they do the work of the house, each knowing his duty...
 * Pelsaert, Jahangir’s India. quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan.

 * The utter subjection and poverty of the common people-poverty so great and miserable that the life of the people can be depicted or accurately described only as the home of stark want and the dwelling place of bitter woe. ... There are three classes of people who are indeed nominally free, but whose status differs very little from voluntary slavery-workmen, peons or servants and shopkeepers. For the workmen there are two scourges, the first of which is low wages. Goldsmiths, painters (of cloth or chintz), embroiderers, carpet makers, cotton or silk weavers, black-smiths, copper-smiths, tailors, masons, builders, stone-cutters, a hundred crafts in all-any of these working from morning to night can earn only 5 or 6 tackas (tankahs), that is 4 or 5 strivers in wages. The second (scourge) is (the oppression of) the Governor, the nobles, the Diwan, the Kotwal, the Bakshi, and other royal officers. If any of these wants a workman, the man is not asked if he is willing to come, but is seized in the house or in the street, well beaten if he should dare to raise any objection, and in the evening paid half his wages, or nothing at all. From these facts the nature of their food can be easily inferred… For their monotonous daily food they have nothing but a little khichri… in the day time, they munch a little parched pulse or other grain, which they say suffices for their lean stomachs… Their houses are built of mud with thatched roofs. Furniture there is little or none, except some earthenware pots to hold water and for cooking… Their bedclothes are scanty, merely a sheet or perhaps two… this is sufficient in the hot weather, but the bitter cold nights are miserable indeed, and they try to keep warm over little cowdung fires… the smoke from these fires all over the city is so great that the eyes run, and the throat seems to be choked.
 * Francisco Pelsaert. Jahangir’s India. Quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 7

 * [the people of Hindustan lived] “as fishes do in the sea - the great ones eat up the little. For first the farmer robs the peasant, the gentlemen robs the farmer, the greater robs the lesser and the King robs all.”
 * Sir Thomas Roe (1615-19) Cited in Moreland, India at the Death of Akbar, p. 269. quoted  from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 7

 * There are very many private men in cities and towns, who are merchants or tradesmen that are very rich: but it is not safe for them that are so, so to appear, lest that they should be used as filled sponges.
 * Edward Terry, A Voyage to East India, quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 6

 * There should be left only so much to the Hindus that neither, on the one hand, they should become arrogant on account of their wealth, nor, on the other, desert their lands in despair.
 * Ordinance by Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq, quoted in    Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 7

 * Mahmud Ghaznavi also collected lot of wealth from Khams. A few facts and figures may be given as illustrations. In his war against Jayapal (1001-02 CE) the latter had to pay a ransom of 2,50,000 dinars (gold coin) for securing release from captivity. Even the necklace of which he was relieved was estimated at 2,00,000 dinars "and twice that value was obtained from the necks of those of his relatives who were taken prisoners or slain..." A couple of years later, all the wealth of Bhera, which was "as wealthy as imagination can conceive," was captured by the conqueror (1004-05 CE). In 1005-06 the people of Multan were forced to pay an indemnity of the value of 20,000,000 (royal) dirhams (silver coin). When Nawasa Shah, who had reconverted to Hinduism, was ousted (1007-08), the Sultan took possession of his treasures amounting to 400,000 dirhams. Shortly after, from the fort of Bhimnagar in Kangra, Mahmud seized coins of the value of 70,000,000 (Hindu Shahiya) dirhams and gold and silver ingots weighing some hundred maunds, jewellery and precious stones. There was also a collapsible house of silver, thirty yards in length and fifteen yards in breadth, and a canopy (mandapika) supported by two golden and two silver poles.19 Such was the wealth obtained that it could not be shifted immediately, and Mahmud had to leave two of his "most confidential" chamberlains, Altuntash and Asightin, to look after its gradual transportation.20 In the succeeding expeditions (1015-20) more and more wealth was drained out of the Punjab and other parts of India. Besides the treasures collected by Mahmud, his soldiers also looted independently. From Baran, Mahmud obtained, 1,000,000 dirhams and from Mahaban, a large booty. in the sack of Mathura five idols alone yielded 98,300 misqals (about 10 maunds) of gold.21 The idols of silver numbered two hundred. Kanauj, Munj, Asni, Sharva and some other places yielded another 3,000,000 dirhams. ... At Somnath his gains amounted to 20,000,000 dinars.
 * Lal, K. S. (1999). Theory and practice of Muslim state in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 4, quoting Utbi

 * One idea that struck Alauddin Khalji (1296-1316) was that it was “wealth” which was the “source of rebellion and disaffection.” It encouraged defiance and provided means of “revolt”. He and his counsellors deliberated that if somehow people could be impoverished, “no one would even have time to pronounce the word ‘rebellion’.” ...According to W.H. Moreland “the question really at issue was how to break the power of the rural leaders, the chiefs and the headmen of parganas and villages…” Sultan Alauddin therefore undertook a series of measures to crush them by striking at their major source of power-wealth. But in the process, leaders and followers, rich and poor, all were affected. The king started by raising the land tax (Kharaj) to fifty percent....Furthermore, under Alauddin’s system all the land occupied by the rich and the poor “was brought under assessment at the uniform rate of fifty per cent”. ....In short, a substantial portion of the produce was taken away by the government as taxes and the people were left with the bare minimum for sustenance. For the Sultan had “directed that only so much should be left to his subjects (raiyyat) as would maintain them from year to year… without admitting of their storing up or having articles in excess.” ... Maulana Shamsuddin Turk, a divine from Egypt, was happy to learn that Alauddin had made the wretchedness and misery of the Hindus so great and had reduced them to such a despicable condition “that the Hindu women and children went out begging at the doors of the Musalmans.” ....While summing up the achievements of Alauddin Khalji, the contemporary chronicler Barani mentions, with due emphasis, that by the last decade of his reign the submission and obedience of the Hindus had become an established fact. Such a submission on the part of the Hindus “has neither been seen before nor will be witnessed hereafter.”
 * Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 7, quoting Moreland, Agrarian System of Moslem India, p. 32 fn., Barani

 * An important order in the reign of Aurangzeb describes the Jagirdars as demanding in theory only half but in practice actually more than the total yield. Describing the conditions of the latter part of the seventeenth century Mughal empire, Dr. Tara Chand writes: “The desire of the State was to extract the economic rent, so that nothing but bare subsistence. remained for the peasant.” Aurangzeb’s instructions were that “there shall be left for everyone who cultivates his land as much as he requires for his own support till the next crop be reaped and that of his family and for seed. This much shall be left to him, what remains is land tax, and shall go to the public treasury.”
 * Tara Chand, History of Freedom Movement in India, I, p. 121. quoted from Lal, K. S. (1992). The legacy of Muslim rule in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 7

 * Aurangzeb did this for two reasons: first, because by this time his treasures had begun to shrink owing to expenditure on his campaigns ; secondly, to force the Hindus to become Mahomedans. Many who were unable to pay turned Mahomedans, to obtain relief from the insults of the collectors. ... [Aurangzeb] was of the opinion that he had found in this tax an excellent means of succeeding in converting them, besides thereby replenishing his treasuries greatly...
 * About the Jizya during Aurangzeb's reign. Niccolao Manucci. Quoted from Lal, K. S. (1990). Indian muslims: Who are they.

 * (The) plebian sort is so poor that the greatest part of them go naked.
 * Salbank in Moreland, India at he Death of Akbar. quoted in    Lal, K. S. (2001). Historical essays. New Delhi: Radha.(II.80)

 * The Hindu was taxed to the extent of half the produce of his land, and had to pay duties on all his buffaloes, goats, and other milk-cattle. The taxes were to be levied equally on rich and poor, at so much per acre, so much per animal. Any collectors or officers taking bribes were summarily dismissed and heavily punished with sticks, pincers, the rack, imprisonment and chains. The new rules were strictly carried out, so that one revenue officer would string together 20 Hindu notables and enforce payment by blows. No gold or silver, not even the betelnut, so cheering and stimulative to pleasure, was to be seen in a Hindu house, and the wives of the impoverished native officials were reduced to taking service in Muslim families. Revenue officers came to be regarded as more deadly than the plague; and to be a government clerk was disgrace worse than death, in so much that no Hindu would marry his daughter to such a man. ... [These edicts] were so strictly carried out that the chaukidars and khuts and muqad-dims were not able to ride on horseback, to find weapon, to wear fine clothes, or to indulge in betel. . .... No Hindu could hold up his head. ..... Blows, confinement in the stocks, imprisonment and chains were all employed to enforce payment. "
 * Stanley Lane-Poole : Medieval India, quoted from B.R. Ambedkar, Pakistan or The Partition of India (1946)

 * Guru Nanak proceeds to describe how the oppressors shaved off the maidens, their ‘heads with braided hair, with vermillion marks in the parting’; how ‘their throats were choked with dust’; how they were cast out of their palatial homes, unable now to sit even in the neighbourhood of their homes; how those who had come to the homes of their husbands in palanquins, decorated with ivory, who lived in the lap of luxury, had been tied with ropes around their necks; how their pearl strings had been shattered; how the very beauty that was their jewel had now become their enemy – ordered to dishonour them, the soldiers had carried them off. ‘Since Babar’s rule has been proclaimed,’ Guru Nanak wrote, ‘even the princes have no food to eat.’
 * Guru Granth Sahib, quoted from Shourie, Arun (2014). Eminent historians: Their technology, their line, their fraud. Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India : HarperCollins Publishers.

 * The glitter of gems and gold in the Taj Mahal or the Peacock Throne ought not to blind us to the fact that in Mughal India, man was considered vile; - the mass of the people had no economic liberty, no indefeasible right to justice or personal freedom, when their oppressor was a noble or high official or landowner; political rights were not dreamt of... The Government was in effect despotism tempered by revolution or fear of revolution.
 * Jadunath Sarkar, A Short History of Aurangzib, p. 464. quoted from Lal, K. S. (1999). Theory and practice of Muslim state in India. New Delhi: Aditya Prakashan. Chapter 2

 * The Sultan requested the wise men to supply some rules and regulations for grinding  down the Hindus, and for depriving them of that wealth and  property which fosters disaffection and rebellion. ... The people  were brought to such a state of obedience that one revenue officer would string twenty khiits, mukaddims, or chaudharis together by the neck, and enforce payment by blows. No Hindu could hold up his head, and in their houses no sign of gold or silver, tonkas or jitals, or of any superfluity was to be seen. These things, which nourish insubordination and rebellion, were no longer to be found. Driven by destitution, the wives of the khuls and mukaddims went and served for hire in the houses of the Musulmans.... The Hindu was to be so reduced as to be left un- able to keep a horse to ride on, to carry arms, to wear fine clothes, or to enjoy any of the luxuries of life. ....  I have, therefore, taken my measures, and have made my subjects obedient, so that at my command they are ready to creep into holes like mice. Now you tell me that it is all in accordance with law that the Hindus should be reduced to the most abject obedience.I am an unlettered man, but I have seen a great deal; be assured then that the Hindus will never become submissive and obedient till they are reduced to poverty. I have, therefore, given orders that just sufficient shall be left to them from year to year, of corn, milk, and curds, but that they shall not be allowed to accumulate hoards and property."
 * Tarikh-i Firoz Shahi, of Ziauddin Barani in Elliot and Dowson, Vol. III : Elliot and Dowson, History of India as told by its own Historians, 8 Volumes, Allahabad Reprint, 1964. p. 182 ff.

 * The resultant effect of [Alauddins] policy was that the people in the villages suffered from extreme financial hardship. The poverty of Indians was noticed in the later period by foreigners.
 * The position of Hindus under the Delhi Sultanate, 1206-1526 by Kanhaiya Lall Srivastava, quoted in Elst, Koenraad (2014). Decolonizing the Hindu mind: Ideological development of Hindu revivalism. New Delhi: Rupa. p. 390

Post-independence India

 * We need not feel embarrassed to advocate economic nationalism...Our government functionaries also must not feel shy to work closely with business. Jointly they should ensure that India's economic interests are protected -- through trade, investment, and foreign policy measures..
 * By: Mukesh Ambani
 * Source: Economic Nationalism: The Weak and The Strong

 * The economy has collapsed due to this unprecedented challenge of Covid-19. The worst sufferers are the informal sector workers, daily wagers and the poor. We need a complete reboot of our economy and we must ensure that at least now we use this as an opportunity and build an environmentally sustainable model which is human economy, ensuring living wages to all and not perpetuating and furthering inequality.
 * Amitabh Behar, as quoted in Covid-19 Exposed India’s Apathy Towards its Migrants. Only Social, Financial Security Will Ensure Their Return (May 17, 2020) by Naushad Khan,

 * India's bane is the profesional 'povertywallas': the politicians who have incessantly mouthed slogans such as 'garibi hathao' … and the economists who write continually about 'abysmal poverty'. Both have generally espoused policies, such as defending public sector enterprises at any cost, discounting and even opposing liberal reforms, promoting white-elephant style projects that use capital-intensive techniques on unrealistic grounds such as that they would create profits and savings when in fact they have drained the economy through losses...
 * By: Jagadish Bhagwati summarising Lal.
 * Source: Preliminary Thoughts on India's Economic Growth

 * It is almost a cliché to describe India as rich in institutional infrastructure and poor in physical infrastructure.
 * By: P Chidambaram
 * Source: A Passage to Prosperity

 * There is no doubt in my mind that India is one of the great financial success stories of the future. The curse of India is that Indians lack pride in being Indian. The moment they have that pride, India will be the next Japan.
 * Microcomputer pioneer Adam Osborne, Times of India, 7/12/1990. Quoted from Elst, Koenraad (1991). Ayodhya and after: Issues before Hindu society.

 * If we stop thinking of the poor as victims, or as a burden, and start recognising them as resilient and creative entrepreneurs and value-conscious consumers, a whole new world of opportunity will open up."
 * By: C. K. Prahalad
 * Source:  The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid: Eradicating Poverty Through Profits. ISBN 0131467506.

 * When Robert McNamara was president of the World Bank, he visited Dharavi, near Mumbai airport, then, as now, one of the largest slums in the world. Looking at the abject poverty in the shantytown, he broke down, possibly realising the enormity of the task ahead.
 * Source: Salil Tripathi Profiting from poverty

 * In 2014, one of the key agendas of the BJP’s election campaign was highlighting the dismal management of the Indian economy, ironically under an ‘economist’ prime minister and a ‘know-it-all’ finance minister. We all knew that the economy was in the doldrums but since we were not in government, we naturally did not have the complete details of the state of the economy. But, what we saw when we formed the government left us shocked! The state of the economy was much worse than expected. Things were terrible. Even the budget figures were suspicious. When all of this came to light, we had two options – to be driven by Rajneeti (political considerations) or be guided by Rashtraneeti (putting the interests of India First)... Rajneeti, or playing politics on the state of the economy in 2014, would have been extremely simple as well as politically advantageous for us. We had just won a historic election, so obviously the frenzy was at a different level. The Congress Party and their allies were in big trouble. Even for the media, it would have made news for months on end. On the other hand, there was Rashtraneeti, where more than politics and one-upmanship, reform was needed. Needless to say, we preferred to think of ‘India First’ instead of putting politics first. We did not want to push the issues under the carpet, but we were more interested in addressing the issue. We focused on reforming, strengthening and transforming the Indian economy. The details about the decay in the Indian economy were unbelievable. It had the potential to cause a crisis all over. In 2014, industry was leaving India. India was in the Fragile Five. Experts believed that the ‘I’ in BRICS would collapse. Public sentiment was that of disappointment and pessimism.
 * Narendra Modi, Swarajya Interviews Prime Minister Modi, Interview, R Jagannathan- Jul 02, 2018

 * You [media persons] remember what we do for two days out of two years, but where the [ Gujarat] government travels to the countryside for a month every year and promotes agriculture, you are not interested. The result of such attitude is that the Manmohan Singh government's targeted [annual] agricultural growth [rate] of four per cent is stuck at 2.5%. The [year-on-year] agricultural growth in my Gujarat is 14%, but no one looks at it.
 * Narendra Modi (Source).]]

 * India held back a little longer, but an Indian economist, Parth Shah, tells me that the country started looking at what was happening around them, in Taiwan, South Korea and now also China: ‘We saw that they actually changed their model and they did succeed in what they had done, and it was time for India to learn the lesson.’ That was decisive in 1991, when a debt-financed boom crashed and the foreign exchange reserve had shrunk to such a level that India was three weeks from running out of money. The crisis prompted the Minister of Finance Manmohan Singh to quote the nineteenth-century romantic Victor Hugo in parliament: ‘No power on earth can resist an idea whose time has come.’ The idea was to dismantle trade barriers and stifling regulations that held India back and kept half the population in extreme poverty. In the past, economists spoke condescendingly of the ‘Hindu growth rate’ as if there was some kind of complacency built into the country’s tradition that stopped the economy from growing faster than the population. After the reforms of 1991 and those that followed, this culture changed as if by magic and growth took off. Today, average income is three times greater than before reform and extreme poverty is only one-fifth of previous levels.
 * Johan Norberg, The Capitalist Manifesto: Why the Global Free Market Will Save the World (2023)

 * She reads the mind behind the capitalist conspiracy to reform Hinduism thus: "Capitalism is often believed to thrive among Semitic religions such as Christianity and Islam. The argument would then run that if capitalism is to succeed in India, then Hinduism would also have to be moulded in a Semitic form".
 * Romila Thapar quoted in Elst, Koenraad. Negationism in India: concealing the record of Islam, quoting Romila Thapar

 * ‘Under the capitalist system, in order that England may live in comparative comfort, a hundred million Indians must live on the verge of starvation – an evil state of affairs, but you acquiesce in it every time you step into a taxi or eat a plate of strawberries and cream’.
 * George Orwell, The Road to Wigan Pier

title: Economy of India


text:
User:Anke~enwikiquote

I'm pretty new to anything Wiki, but this seemed a nice page to start out.

Favourite pages here so far: Terry Pratchett, The Devil's Dictionary, Books

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Anke~enwikiquote


text:
Category:Organizations

This category is intended for articles about particular organizations,

title: Category:Organizations


text:
Talk:Terence McKenna

Initial page creation as if a WIkipedia article
Why would this page be deleted? What's wrong with the information on it? -Christopher

 * It was listed for deletion because the original text provided did not fit into the purposes of Wikiquote as a collection of quotations; I have added quotes and links, and moved the original comment to here:

 * Terence McKenna was a multi-disciplinary commentator on the exploration of Humanity and our particular place in the Universe. An advocate for the use of Shamanic technologies and the wisdom that the psychedelic plants share with those that interact with them, he brought fresh and novel insight to many aspects of reality- with humour and good nature. The author of such books as The Archaic Revival, Food Of The Gods and with his brother Dennis Psilocybin- Magic Mushroom Grower's Guide, he displayed his particular model of nature, subjects that are as far ranging as the electromagnetic spectrum: from quantum mechanics to aliens- that to this day is entertaining and so very interesting. When one reads or listens to Terence McKenna, one may perhaps appreciate his logic and ultra-sharp wit, and wonder how a sufficiently alarming dose of a psychedelic could actually heal us to the point where the big bang seems insignificant!
 * The above text was written by C. E. Dunscombe

 * Some of this information might be appropriate for the Wikipedia article on Terence McKenna, but much of it is probably in too much of a particular POV for the article itself. ~ Kalki 22:28, 28 Mar 2005 (UTC)

Shpongle samples
Does anybody know which recordings the samples Shpongle uses are taken from?

Specifically, see http://youtube.com/watch?v=KfFPPdMHers

Thanks!

--82.81.250.211 14:07, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

Searching for a good Italian restaurant
"To search expectantly for a radio signal from an extraterrestrial source is probably as culture-bound a presumption as to search the galaxy for a good Italian restaurant." From "Tryptamine Hallucinogens and Consciousness" by Terence McKenna, a talk given at the Lilly/Goswami Conference on Consciousness and Quantum Physics at Esalen, December 1983. Published 1992 in The Archaic Revival. (Source: http://www.erowid.org/characters/mckenna_terence/mckenna_terence_tryptamines_consciousness.pdf Several of McKenna's talks have variants of this quote.) --96.233.85.132 14:15, 12 September 2012 (UTC)

Restorations of material
I have just reverted a massive amount of deletion of material from this page and restored it to the last edit by I believe most if not all of any material that might have been added were retained in this reversion and certainly a great deal of significant material deleted was restored. ~ ♞☮♌Kalki·†·⚓⊙☳☶⚡ 11:10, 22 September 2012 (UTC)
 * Novelty is density. Do not restore. 8gguj8 (talk) 11:15, 22 September 2012 (UTC)

¿ ⨀ ?

 * I responded to this recent activity on the user's talk page with a vandalism notice and the following remarks before noticing comments made in the edit summary had been made here as well, and will simply repeat some of my previous response here:.

You removed much material once again with the comment "Novelty is density (usable information is condensed information)" I will state that information removal is NOT a contribution to information density, it is simply the acts of the irrationally dense. I am well aware of such processes occurring in the deliberately and obliviously vandalistic acts of others, and do not welcome it nor condone it.

I suspect that you are merely being a disruptive troll, but on the off-chance that you are in any way sincere, I will present a challenge: When you are able to explain ALL this symbol means and can mean to anyone and everyone without use of any words, then I will concede that your abilities to communicate without the use of words are superior to my own or those of any normally intelligent human being. Until then stop attempting to disrupt, constrain and control how others choose to attempt to communicate to those of various levels of intellectual and moral perceptivity — such tendencies are all too common as it stands. ~ ♞☮♌Kalki·†·⚓⊙☳☶⚡ 11:42, 22 September 2012 (UTC) + tweak

Unsourced

 * These should be provided with sources before being moved back into the article.

 * Rod Dickinson: In fact, the whole phenomenon is more like a large collective work of art, involving circle-makers, investigators, the media, and just about anybody who comes into contact with the circles. It's a kind of mind virus: once you get involved, you can't get out. Terence McKenna: Absolutely. All these phenomena—UFOs, crop circles, even the cattle mutilation in the states—are all artifice in one form or another. All this stuff, these are fluctuations in the syntactical machinery of reality. The main thing to understand is that we are imprisoned in some kind of work of art.
 * Rod Dickinson and Terence McKenna: "Weird Shit Happens" (1995). First published in Performance Research Journal.
 * The highlighted phrase, "The main thing to understand is that we are imprisoned in some kind of work of art", is quite famous. Andrew R. Gallimore cites it multiple times in his book Alien Information Theory: Psychedelic Drug Technologies and the Cosmic Game.
 * An excerpt of the conversation can be found on www.circlemakers.org/mckenna.html. However, note that Wikiquote's spam filter forbids linking to the circlemakers.org website.

 * We have to create culture. Don't watch TV, don't read magazines, don't even listen to NPR. Create your own roadshow. The nexus of space and time where you are now is the most immediate sector of your universe, and if you're worrying about Michael Jackson or Bill Clinton or somebody else, then you are disempowered, you're giving it all away to icons, icons which are maintained by an electronic media so that you want to dress like X or have lips like Y. This is shit-brained, this kind of thinking. That is all cultural diversion, and what is real is you and your friends and your associations, your highs, your orgasms, your hopes, your plans, your fears. And we are told "no", we're unimportant, we're peripheral. "Get a degree, get a job, get a this, get a that." And then you're a player. You don't want to even play in that game. You want to reclaim your mind and get it out of the hands of the cultural engineers who want to turn you into a half-baked moron consuming all this trash that's being manufactured out of the bones of a dying world.

 * Nature loves courage. You make the commitment, and nature will respond to that commitment by removing impossible obstacles. Dream the impossible dream, and the world will not grind you under, it will lift you up. This is the trick. This is what all these teachers and philosophers who really counted, who really touched the alchemical gold, this is what they understood. This is the shamanic dance in the waterfall. This is how magic is done. By hurling yourself into the abyss and discovering it's a featherbed.

 * Apparently there is a great discovery or insight which our culture is deliberately designed to supress, distort and ignore. That is that Nature is some kind of minded entity. That Nature is not simply the random flight of atoms through electromagnetic fields. Nature is not the empty, despiritualized lumpen matter that we inherit from modern physics. But it is instead a kind of intelligence, a kind of mind.

 * If the words 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness' don't include the right to experiment with your own consciousness, then the Declaration of Independence isn't worth the hemp it was written on.

 * For monkeys to speak of truth is hubris of the highest degree. Where is it writ large that talking-monkeys should be able to model the cosmos? If a sea urchin or a racoon were to propose to you that it had a viable truth about the universe, the absurdity of that assertion would be self-evident, but in our case we make an exception.

 * I can't preach Scientism cause I don't believe it. I can't preach Buddhism cause I can't understand it. The only thing I can preach is the felt presence of immediate experience which for me came through the psychedelics, which are not drugs but plants. It's a perversion of language to try to derail this thing into talk of drugs. There are spirits in the natural world that come to us in this way and so far as I can tell this is the only way that they come to us that is rapid enough for it to have an impact upon us as a global population.

 * In the Amazon and other places where visionary plants are understood and used, you are conveyed into worlds that are appallingly different from ordinary reality. Their vividness cannot be stressed enough. They are more real than real, and that's something that you sense intuitively. They establish an ontological priority. They are more real than real, and once you get that under your belt and let it rattle around in your mind, then the compass of your life begins to spin and you realize that you are not looking in on the Other; the Other is looking in on you. This is a tremendous challenge to the intellectual structures that have carried us so far during the last thousand years. We can do tricks with atoms, there's no question about that, but these tricks immolate us. The higher-order structure of molecules, let alone organelles and that kind of thing, is intellectual incognita to us. We have no notion of how these things work or what is going on. Yet it is from those levels that the constituent modalities of reality are being laid down.

 * It's only in western civilization that you get this steady focus on this monotheistic ideal, and working out the implications of what is essentially a pathological personality pattern. The pattern of the omniscient, omnipresent, all-knowing, wrathful male deity. No one you would invite to your garden party.

 * The 20th Century is the shudder that announces the approaching cataracts of time over which our species and the destiny of this planet is about to be swept.

 * To a large degree I think the sixties were probably misplayed. But on the other hand it seems to be the last decade when anything happened. The lid has been utterly on ever since. It's an illusion all this change. There is no change. We're living in some sort of weird eschatological hiatus while the people who rig the game try to send out for new batteries or something. I don't know what's going on. There's energy for change building. I think that when it ultimately comes it will be fairly spectacular. It's astonishing actually the way in which change has been halted. Everyone is running around saying "change change change" but on the other hand there is a curious sense in which things have become eerily dreamlike and still, while we just teeter on the edge of the end of history; and the same personalities, the same design elements, everything has looked the same in the galleries for twenty years. There is an eerie suspension.

 * We are so much the victims of abstraction that with the Earth in flames we can barely rouse ourselves to wander across the room and look at the thermostat.

 * Ego is a structure that is erected by a neurotic individual who is a member of a neurotic culture against the facts of the matter. And culture, which we put on like an overcoat, is the collectivized consensus about what sort of neurotic behaviors are acceptable.

 * Let us declare nature to be legitimate. All plants should be declared legal, and all animals for that matter. The notion of illegal plants and animals is obnoxious and ridiculous.

 * People are so alienated from their own soul that when they meet their soul they think it comes from another star system.

 * Some kind of dialog is now going on between individual human beings and the sum total of human knowledge and...nothing can stop it.

 * People say, "Don't you think you ought to be able to do it 'on the natch?'"(without the use of plants) And I love this question because the answer is: No, you can't do it 'on the natch.' That's the entire message of the last 10,000 years of human history. The self is insufficient. The ego will not suffice... you must humble yourself to the point where you admit that you can't do it without the help from someone whose idea of a good time is growing in a cow flop.

 * The whole folderol and whoop-de-woo about the 1960s was that the crypto-fascist bullshit agenda was damn near overthrown by a bunch of 19 and 20 year olds on campuses scattered around the high tech world. The male dominant agenda is so fragile that any competitor is felt as a deadly foe.

 * Western civilization is a loaded gun pointed at the head of this planet.

 * More and more, the imagination is where we spend our time. Theres a lot of talk these days about virtual reality— an immersive state-of-the-art technology in which you put on goggles and special clothing and enter special environments and then you are in artificial worlds created by computers. And this is thought to be very "woo woo" and far out, but in fact, if you're paying attention, we've been living inside virtual realities for about ten thousand years. I mean: what is a city but a complete denial of nature? We say no, no, not trees, mudholes, waterfalls, and all that. Straight lines, laid out roads, class hierarchies reflected in local geography meaning the rich people live here surrounded by the not-so-rich people, all served by the poor people who are so glad they're not the outcast people. So you know urbanization is essentially the first of these impulses where society leaves nature and enters into its own private Idaho. And the growth of cities, and the growth of the immediacy, I guess you would say, of the urban experience has been a constant of human evolution since urbanization began. Now the only difference that the new technologies offer is that we're gonna do this with light, not mortar, brick, steel, aluminum, and titanium, which are incredibly intractable materials. I mean, it's amazing to me. We started with the toughest stuff, and of course it costs enormous amounts of blood and treasure to work with such intractable materials. It's always been amazing to me that the largest buildings that human beings ever build are in a sense the first buildings humans ever built because the pyramids of Egypt are enormous even by modern scale, and yet they were among the earliest buildings ever built. In virtual reality, the difference between a hundred story building and a ten story building is one zero. What this should tell us is that in the domain of light, the intractability of matter is overcome. And so we are on the brink of a time, we have arrived, we are at the time— where the human imagination now need meet no barriers to its intent. And so we are going to find out who we are. We are going to discover what it means to be human when there is no resistance to human will.

 * A conclusion of that same era was that language is alive. I experienced this very concretely on acid. English as an animal, a kind of amoebae, extending its pseudopodia of description into every nook and cranny of reality, a kind of syntactical Los Angeles, ever growing, expanding and including more and more empty or natural territory into its grid of meaning. Wasn’t it Burroughs who observed that “Language is a virus from outer space?” What does it want with us, and how can we tell if it won’t tell us? And then how can we trust its message since even the act of deconstructing it involves a total commitment to it as both means and end? ETs and countless other almost realities or wannabe realities seem to be the minor flora and fauna of a purely linguistic domain. And then there is the ambiguity of memory…It is more and more amazing to me that we can sustain the hallucination of any meaning at all.

Quotes about McKenna

 * There was one oft-repeated McKenna-ism that resonated particularly strongly with me, uttered during a seemingly casual conversation about crop circles that was subsequently published online: "The main thing to understand is that we are imprisoned in some kind of work of art." For some reason that wasn't entirely clear (it still isn't), when I first read this simple sentence, something about it shook me and left me shaking. Like one of the Grand Pronouncements from the Upanishads, it seemed to import some deep and profound truth about our reality—if only I could get at it and make sense of it.
 * Andrew R. Gallimore: Alien Information Theory: Psychedelic Drug Technologies and the Cosmic Game. Strange Worlds Press, 2019.
 * Gallimore cites the 1995 conversation "Weird Shit Happens" between Rod Dickinson and Terence McKenna, which was first published in Performance Research Journal.

New editors...
I am glad there recently seems to be at least one new editor here interested in adding material to this page, but more attention should be paid to some of the conventions generally promoted on the project, and new quotes should be added to the "body text" of the article, as well as to captions of any images added, and citations need not be added to the captions... that takes away from space for other images and captions. YouTube recordings of his talks and lectures ARE acceptable, but where possible dates of the talks should be presented as well. I will probably do some cleanup on this page within a week or so — I am too busy with too many other things right now. ~ ♞☤☮♌Kalki·†·⚓⊙☳☶⚡ 06:46, 13 March 2015 (UTC)

Removal of quotes
Ksshd, you said to take it to the Talk page - and that is correct - but you should not just remove a large amount of quotes before discussing it. Please provide your reasoning for making such a drastic change to the page and refrain from making that change until it can be discussed. Thanks. ~ UDScott (talk) 15:53, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Only condensed and systemized information is useful:
 * To be useful, internal energy has to be concentrated. The more dilute or disorganized the internal energy, the less useful it is ...
 * —Newman, Jay. Physics of the Life Sciences Springer, 2008, p. 336
 * In order to make this collection of Terence McKenna's quotations useful, I have condensed and systemized it. ~ Ksshd (talk) 16:59, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
 * Again, please do not remove quotes until discussion has occurred and consensus is reached. Simply stating your case is not enough (discussion involves more than just one person). If you continue to remove quotes absent such consensus, you will be blocked. Please allow others to comment. ~ UDScott (talk) 17:10, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
 * You have failed to present a counterargument. Indeed, why bother if you can simply block me? Kalki is a self-professed anarchist (see his user page) and as such is unsuitable to be an administrator of this library (to be usable, a library must be systemized, not anarchic). This discussion is a waste of time. ~ Ksshd (talk) 18:18, 7 May 2018 (UTC)
 * How could I (or anyone else) present any counterargument when you posted your argument and then immediately removed the quotes again? You did not allow time for a discussion to occur. ~ UDScott (talk) 18:28, 7 May 2018 (UTC)

"Something is trying to be told" quote on Art Bell c2c?
TM sums up conspiracy theory culture/memes with "something is trying to be told" ... will find exact Art Bell show to reference. Text mdnp (talk) 01:09, 2 November 2022 (UTC)

 * Terence McKenna on conspiracy theory ("misinformation") - OK Wikiquote seems to need a Art Bell/Coast to Coast AM page? What about a qoute regarding CIA/Mcluhan type recursiveness to "buzz words" as "controlled narrative" zeitgeist meme routines? (| Manufacturing Consent) Text mdnp (talk) 01:03, 4 November 2022 (UTC)

title: Talk:Terence McKenna


text:
Category talk:Candidates for speedy deletion

Pending technical problem resolution
There are currently some technical problems with the wiki software that prevent deletions of some pages. The developers are aware of this and might have a fix for the problem within the next month or two. I am starting a list of pages that cannot currently be deleted so that these pages can be rapidly deleted once the problem is solved. -- Kalki 15:37, 18 Mar 2005

To be deleted:

 * Gouti, Sammy
 * 1776. Non-quote link for legitimate play. Jeff Q 01:56, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 1942. Empty page created from use of currently unsupported date links. Jeff Q 02:02, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Tupac Shakur/ Shakur, Tupac. Malformed article title; quote content already at Tupac Shakur. Jeff Q 02:38, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Carelessness. Anon test page blanked by same. Jeff Q 04:05, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Packphour. Self-proclaimed vanity page. Gave advice to anon on how to login & create User page. Jeff Q 04:54, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

NOTE: This list has been superceded by Category:Pending deletions, which automatically includes all failed speedy deletes, as long as sysops follow Wikipedia (and Wikiquote beta) procedure by adding the   tag before attempting to delete the article. — Jeff Q (talk) 03:05, 11 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Deletion process
While deleting these candidates, I've been following the Wikipedia policy of replacing or  with , protecting them, removing any links to them, and then deleting them. When the block-compress error comes up, I think this leaves them in a desirable state: protected against further mischief, and no longer on the Speedy deletion list (which keeps the list down to only those articles that we can do something about). Let me know if I'm misunderstanding anything about the process, or if it should be done differently. — Jeff Q (talk) 05:05, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Policy on framework articles
I'm proposing that we not tag, for speedy deletion, any more articles that appear to be a legitimate framework for a quote article, even if they have no quotes. I've started a discussion about this at Wikiquote talk:Deletion policy. Please post comments there to avoid duplication. — Jeff Q (talk) 19:46, 5 Apr 2005 (UTC)

User:RoboAction/templates and Template messages in CAT:CSD
Should we try to get the above pages out of CAT:CSD? I can't think of a way right now to get them out. It's a bit confusing to those who check the category as the above pages aren't supposed to be speedy deleted. – RyanCross (talk ) 01:52, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

 * Good idea. I have been holding off from improving (fixing) Template messages or creating similar pages because of just this problem. Your question prompted me to just read up on how to achieve this at 'pedia. I will make a stab at it over the next couple of days ~ Ningauble 18:59, 21 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Ok, I have done this for Template messages and it seems to be working. Within a day or so, I will document the method, announce it at Village Pump, and apply the solution to more of the maintenance templates. ~ Ningauble 02:00, 22 November 2008 (UTC)
 * Alright, thanks. – RyanCross (talk ) 02:36, 22 November 2008 (UTC)


text:
Keith Richards

Keith Richards (born December 18, 1943) is an English singer, musician, songwriter, guitarist, and actor best known as one of the original members of the Rolling Stones.

Quotes

 * I see a red door and I want it painted black No colors anymore, I want them to turn black I see the girls walk by dressed in their summer clothes I have to turn my head until my darkness goes I see a line of cars and they're all painted black With flowers and my love, both never to come back I see people turn their heads and quickly look away Like a new born baby, it just happens every day  I look inside myself and see my heart is black I see my red door, I must have it painted black Maybe then I'll fade away and not have to face the facts It's not easy facing up, when your whole world is black
 * , 7 May 1966, co-written with Mick Jagger

 * Yes, star-crossed in pleasure, the stream flows on byYes, as we're sated in leisure, we watch it fly, yesAnd time waits for no one, and it won't wait for me...Time can tear down a building or destroy a woman's faceHours are like diamonds, don't let them wasteTime waits for no one, no favors has he
 * Time Waits for No One, 1973, co-written with Mick Jagger

 * I'd play whenever I could get my hands on an electric guitar; I was trying to pick up rock'n'roll riffs and electric blues-the latest Muddy Waters. I'd spend hours and hours on the same track, back again, and back again.

 * What interested me about Chuck Berry was the way he could step out of the rhythm part with such ease, throwing in a nice, simple riff, and then drop straight into the feel of it again. We used to play a lot more rhythm stuff. We'd do away with the differences between lead and rhythm guitar. You can't go into a shop and ask for a "lead guitar". You're a guitar player, and you play a guitar.

 * I thought it was ludicrous to take one of those gongs from the establishment...it's not what the Stones is about, is it? I don't want to step out on stage with someone wearing a fucking coronet and sporting the old ermine. I told Mick, It's a fucking paltry honour.
 * Commenting on Mick Jagger receiving a Knighthood in 2003, reported in "In quotes: Keith Richards", BBC (April 4, 2007).

 * There are certain guys that are band players and there's certain guys that ain't. If there's anybody lazier than me, it's Eric (Clapton).
 * Mojo magazine; reported in "In quotes: Keith Richards", BBC (April 4, 2007).

 * I looked upon myself, in a sort of romantic and silly way, as like a laboratory.
 * He tells Rolling Stone of his drug-taking past; reported in "In quotes: Keith Richards", BBC (April 4, 2007).

 * I thought rock and roll was an unassailable outlet for some pure and natural expression of rebellion. It used to be one channel you could take without ever havin' to kiss arse, you know?
 * Rolling Stone; reported in "In quotes: Keith Richards", BBC (April 4, 2007).

 * I was number one on the Who's Likely To Die list for 10 years. I mean, I was really disappointed when I fell off the list.
 * NME; reported in "In quotes: Keith Richards", BBC (April 4, 2007).

 * The idea of retiring is like killing yourself. It's almost like Hari Kari. I intend to live to a 100 and go down in history.
 * BBC Newsnight 2005; reported in "In quotes: Keith Richards", BBC (April 4, 2007).

 * I don't encourage anybody to do what I do, you know? Why should you? More for me!
 * Interview 2006.

 * This morning on Dartford station a guy I knew at primary school came up to me. He's got every record Chuck Berry made. He is called Mick Jagger.
 * From letter to Keith's aunt Keef comes clean, The Times p4, 15 Oct 2010.

 * Rap — so many words, so little said. What rap did that was impressive was to show there are so many tone-deaf people out there. All they need is a drum beat and somebody yelling over it and they're happy. There’s an enormous market for people who can't tell one note from another.
 * Reported in Jon Blistein, "Keith Richards: Rap Is for 'Tone-Deaf People'", Rolling Stone (September 3, 2015).

About Keith Richards

 * New Rule: Airplane black boxes must now be made out of Keith Richards. The man, who has taken more drugs than Whitney Houston, Rush Limbaugh and Robert Downey, Jr., combined, recently fell out of a tree, and then crashed a jet ski. And yet, somehow, that cigarette never fell out of his mouth. What is this guy still running on? I've got to know. Because I'm beginning to think the future of medicine isn't injecting stem cells, it's injecting heroin.
 * Real Time with Bill Maher, May 12, 2006 (Season 7, Episode 9)

 * ...how come Keith Richards still walks? Explain that Mr. Surgeon General! You never mention Keith do you? Aah, a little hole in the theory there! Surgeon General says, "Drugs are bad, drugs are evil!...except for that guy, they work real good for him, -but the rest of you...
 * Keith Richards is shooting heroin into his eyeballs and still touring all right! I'm getting mixed signals! I picture nuclear war and two things surviving: Keith and cockroaches! (does Keith Richards impression) "Where did everybody go-o? I saw a bright light and thought we were on ..."
 * Bill Hicks, "Dangerous" audio 1990

 * I was reading an interview with Keith Richards in a magazine and in the interview Keith Richards intimated that kids should not do drugs. Keith Richards! Says that kids should not do drugs! Keith, we can't do any more drugs because you already fucking did them all, alright! There's none left! We have to wait 'till you die and smoke your ashes! Jesus Christ! Talk about the pot and the fuckin' kettle.
 * Denis Leary, No Cure for Cancer 1992

 * I know there is a cure for whatever bioterrorism they throw at us, I know there's one. And it lies within Keith Richards, I do know that. He is the only man on the planet that could go (imitates Keith snorting something) "Anthrax? All right! Doesn't go with my E. coli, but fuck." Keith is the only man who makes The Osbournes look fucking Amish. He's insane. I've seen Keith go to a drug dealer and the drug dealer's goin', "I'm out, man, I'm sorry. I have nothing left!" Supposedly, he goes to Switzerland and changes his blood. Not like one pint, but like a fucking Chevrolet, all of it. I just wanna know, who gets his blood? Some old Swiss man's going, "HEIDI!! We've gotta go on tour, you bitch! We've gotta pay for Mick's babies! COME ON!!!" Because I know this. I know that we may all be dead and gone, Keith will still be there with 5 cockroaches. Keith will go, "Ya know, I smoked your uncle! Did ya know that? Fucking crazy!"
 * Robin Williams, Robin Williams: Live on Broadway

title: Keith Richards


text:
Earl Warren

Earl Warren (19 March 1891 – 9 July 1974) was an American politician and jurist who served as 30th governor of California from 1943 to 1953 and as the 14th chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1953 to 1969. The "Warren Court" presided over a major shift in American constitutional jurisprudence, which has been recognized by many as a "Constitutional Revolution" in the liberal direction, with Warren writing the majority opinions in landmark cases such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Reynolds v. Sims (1964), Miranda v. Arizona (1966) and Loving v. Virginia (1967). Warren also led the Warren Commission, a presidential commission that investigated the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He is the last chief justice to have served in an elected office before entering the Supreme Court, and is generally considered to be one of the most influential Supreme Court justices and political leaders in the history of the United States.

1930s

 * I believe the preservation of our civil liberties to be the most fundamental and important of all our governmental problems, because it always has been with us and always will be with us and if we ever permit those liberties to be destroyed, there will be nothing left in our system worthy of preservation. They constitute the soul of democracy. I believe that there is grave danger in this country of losing our civil liberties as they have been lost in other countries. There are things transpiring in this country today that are definitely menacing our future; among which are the activities of Mayor Hague and other little Hagues throughout the country. These activities are so basically wrong and so menacing to our institutions that every citizen and particularly every public official should oppose them to the limit of their strength.
 * Views on civil rights declared in a written statement requested by Robert W. Kenny, read during fund raising luncheon at the Biltmore Hotel, in Los Angeles, in the summer of 1938, quoted in Lawyers Guild Review Vol. 13-14 (1953), p. 47; he mentions Frank Hague, who had declared earlier in the year:
 * We hear about constitutional rights, free speech and the free press. Every time I hear these words I say to myself, "That man is a Red, that man is a Communist." You never hear a real American talk like that.

 * I am unalterably opposed to any species of vigilantes or to any other extra-legal means of a majority exercising its will over a minority … I believe that if majorities are entitled to have their civil rights protected they should be willing to fight for the same rights to minorities no matter how violently they disagree with their views. Further, I am convinced that this is the only way they can be preserved. I believe that the American concept of civil rights should include not only an observance of our Constitutional Bill of Rights, but also absence of arbitrary action by government in every field.
 * Views on civil rights declared in the summer of 1938, quoted in Justice for All : Earl Warren and the Nation He Made (2006) by Jim Newton, p. 95

1940s

 * The only reason that there has been no sabotage or espionage on the part of Japanese-Americans is that they are waiting for the right moment to strike.
 * Testimony on Internment of people of Japanese Ancestry before the House Select Committee Investigating National Defense Migration (Tolan Committee) in 1941; of this statement Warren later said, in The Memoirs of Earl Warren (1977):
 * I have since deeply regretted the removal order and my own testimony advocating it, because it was not in keeping with our American concept of freedom and the rights of citizens. Whenever I thought of the innocent little children who were torn from home, school friends, and congenial surroundings, I was conscience-stricken. It was wrong to react so impulsively, without positive evidence of disloyalty, even though we felt we had a good motive in the security of our state. It demonstrates the cruelty of war when fear, get-tough military psychology, propaganda, and racial antagonism combine with one's responsibility for public security to produce such acts. I have always believed that I had no prejudice against the Japanese as such except that spawned by Pearl Harbor and its aftermath.

 * If it is a mistake of the head and not the heart don't worry about it, that's the way we learn.
 * As quoted in Earl Warren : A Great American Story (1948) by Irving Stone, p. 64

1950s

 * Many people consider the things government does for them to be social progress but they regard the things government does for others as socialism.
 * Address to National Press Club in Washington DC, as quoted in Freedom and Union (April 1952)
 * Variants:
 * Most people consider the things which government does for them to be social progress, but they consider the things government does for others as socialism.
 * As quoted in Politics and Policies : The Continuing Issues (1970) by Duane W. Hill, p. 170.
 * Many people consider the things which government does for them to be social progress, but they consider the things government does for others as socialism.
 * As quoted in Encarta Book of Quotations (2000) edited by Bill Swainson, p. 969

 * You sit up there, and you see the whole gamut of human nature. Even if the case being argued involves only a little fellow and $50, it involves justice. That's what is important.
 * Interview in 1953 after being appointed to the Supreme Court, as quoted in Earl Warren : A Political Biography (1967) by Leo Katcher, p. 315

 * Liberty, not communism, is the most contagious force in the world.
 * Speech at Columbia University (14 January 1954)

 * We conclude that, in the field of public education, the doctrine of "separate but equal" has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.
 * Writing for the court, Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)

 * In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the State has undertaken to provide it, is a right that must be made available to all on equal terms.
 * Writing for the court, Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954)

 * The essentiality of freedom in the community of American universities is almost self-evident. No one should underestimate the vital role in a democracy that is played by those who guide and train our youth. To impose any strait jacket upon the intellectual leaders in our colleges and universities would imperil the future of our Nation. No field of education is so thoroughly comprehended by man that new discoveries cannot yet be made. Particularly is that true in the social sciences, where few, if any, principles are accepted as absolutes. Scholarship cannot flourish in an atmosphere of suspicion and distrust. Teachers and students must always remain free to inquire, to study and to evaluate, to gain new maturity and understanding; otherwise, our civilization will stagnate and die.
 * Plurality opinion, Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234 (1957), at 250.

 * '''Equally manifest as a fundamental principle of a democratic society is political freedom of the individual. Our form of government is built on the premise that every citizen shall have the right to engage in political expression and association. This right was enshrined in the First Amendment of the Bill of Rights. Exercise of these basic freedoms in America has traditionally been through the media of political associations. Any interference with the freedom of a party is simultaneously an interference with the freedom of its adherents. All political ideas cannot and should not be channeled into the programs of our two major parties. History has amply proved the virtue of political activity by minority, dissident groups, who innumerable times have been in the vanguard of democratic thought and whose programs were ultimately accepted. Mere unorthodoxy or dissent from the prevailing mores is not to be condemned. The absence of such voices would be a symptom of grave illness in our society.
 * Plurality opinion, Sweezy v. New Hampshire, 354 U.S. 234 (1957), at 250-251.

 * Citizenship is man's basic right, for it is nothing less than the right to have rights. Remove this priceless possession and there remains a stateless person, disgraced and degraded in the eyes of his countrymen. He has no lawful claim to protection from any nation, and no nation may assert rights on his behalf. His very existence is at the sufferance of the state within whose borders he happens to be. In this country, the expatriate would presumably enjoy, at most, only the limited rights and privileges of aliens, and, like the alien, he might even be subject to deportation, and thereby deprived of the right to assert any rights. This government was not established with power to decree this fate. The people who created this government endowed it with broad powers. They created a sovereign state with power to function as a sovereignty. But the citizens themselves are sovereign, and their citizenship is not subject to the general powers of their government. Whatever may be the scope of its powers to regulate the conduct and affairs of all persons within its jurisdiction, a government of the people cannot take away their citizenship simply because one branch of that government can be said to have a conceivably rational basis for wanting to do so.
 * Dissenting opinion, Perez v. Brownell, 356 U.S. 44 (1958), at 64-65.

 * The abhorrence of society to the use of involuntary confessions does not turn alone on their inherent untrustworthiness. It also turns on the deep-rooted feeling that the police must obey the law while enforcing the law; that, in the end, life and liberty can be as much endangered from illegal methods used to convict those thought to be criminals as from the actual criminals themselves.
 * Writing for the court, Spano v. New York 360 U.S. 321 (1959)

 * To summarize: Americans have one of the greatest legal systems, but not a monopoly of the sense of justice, which is universal; nor have we a permanent copyright on the means of securing justice, for it is the spirit and not the form of law that keeps justice alive.
 * In "The Law and the Future," in The public papers of Chief Justice Earl Warren (1959) edited by Henry M. Christman.

1960s

 * The censor's sword pierces deeply into the heart of free expression.
 * Dissent in Times Film Corp. v. City of Chicago 365 U.S. 43 (1961)

 * In civilized life, law floats in a sea of ethics.
 * Speech at the Louis Marshall Award Dinner of the Jewish Theological Seminary, Americana Hotel, New York City (11 November 1962)

 * The man of character, sensitive to the meaning of what he is doing, will know how to discover the ethical paths in the maze of possible behavior.
 * Speech at the Louis Marshall Award Dinner of the Jewish Theological Seminary, Americana Hotel, New York City (11 November 1962)

 * The fantastic advances in the field of electronic communication constitute a greater danger to the privacy of the individual.
 * Concurring in the judgment, Lopez v. United States 373 U.S. 427 (1963)

 * The right to vote freely for the candidate of one's choice is of the essence of a democratic society, and any restrictions on that right strike at the heart of representative government. And the right of suffrage can be denied by a debasement or dilution of the weight of a citizen's vote just as effectively as by wholly prohibiting the free exercise of the franchise. [...] Undoubtedly, the right of suffrage is a fundamental in a free and democratic society. Especially since the right to exercise the franchise in a free and unimpaired manner is preservative of other basic civil and political rights, any alleged infringement of the right of citizens to vote must be carefully and meticulously scrutinized.
 * Majority opinion in Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964) at 555 and 561-562.

 * Legislators represent people, not trees or acres. Legislators are elected by voters, not farms or cities or economic interests. As long as ours is a representative form of government, and our legislatures are those instruments of government elected directly by and directly representative of the people, the right to elect legislators in a free and unimpaired fashion is a bedrock of our political system.
 * On the subject of state Senate apportionment, in Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964) at 562.

 * Prior to any questioning, the person must be warned that he has a right to remain silent, that any statement he does make may be used as evidence against him, and that he has a right to the presence of an attorney, either retained or appointed. The defendant may waive effectuation of these rights, provided the waiver is made voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently. If, however, he indicates in any manner and at any stage of the process that he wishes to consult with an attorney before speaking there can be no questioning. Likewise, if the individual is alone and indicates in any manner that he does not wish to be interrogated, the police may not question him. The mere fact that he may have answered some questions or volunteered some statements on his own does not deprive him of the right of refrain from answering any further inquiries until he has consulted with an attorney and thereafter consents to be questioned.
 * Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U. S. 436, 445 (1965) - Opinion of the Court

 * To summarize, we hold that, when an individual is taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom by the authorities in any significant way and is subjected to questioning, the privilege against self-incrimination is jeopardized. Procedural safeguards must be employed to protect the privilege, and unless other fully effective means are adopted to notify the person of his right of silence and to assure that the exercise of the right will be scrupulously honored, the following measures are required. He must be warned prior to any questioning that he has the right to remain silent, that anything he says can be used against him in a court of law, that he has the right to the presence of an attorney, and that, if he cannot afford an attorney one will be appointed for him prior to any questioning if he so desires.
 * Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U. S. 436, 478-79 (1965)

 * This concept of "national defense" cannot be deemed an end in itself, justifying any exercise of legislative power designed to promote such a goal. Implicit in the term "national defense" is the notion of defending those values and ideals which set this Nation apart. For almost two centuries, our country has taken singular pride in the democratic ideals enshrined in its Constitution, and the most cherished of those ideals have found expression in the First Amendment. It would indeed be ironic if, in the name of national defense, we would sanction the subversion of one of those liberties — the freedom of association — which make the defense of our nation worthwhile.
 * United States v. Robel (1967) - Findlaw file

 * There is patently no legitimate overriding purpose independent of invidious racial discrimination which justifies this classification. The fact that Virginia prohibits only interracial marriages involving white persons demonstrates that the racial classifications must stand on their own justification, as measures designed to maintain White Supremacy. We have consistently denied the constitutionality of measures which restrict the rights of citizens on account of race. There can be no doubt that restricting the freedom to marry solely because of racial classifications violates the central meaning of the Equal Protection Clause.
 * Loving v. Virginia (1967).

 * I always turn to the sports section first. The sports section records people's accomplishments; the front page nothing but man's failures.
 * As quoted in Sports Illustrated (22 July 1968)
 * Variants:
 * I always turn to the sports page first, which records people's accomplishments. The front page has nothing but man's failures.
 * As quoted in Best Sports Stories : 1975 (1976) by Irving T. Marsh
 * I always turn to the sports pages first, which records people's accomplishments. The front page has nothing but man's failures.
 * As quoted in The Norton Book of Sports (1992) by George Plimpton, p. 470

1970s

 * A society, in the process of moving forward, often appears to be tearing itself apart. Certainly, an age of rapid change, such as ours, produces many paradoxes. But perhaps the most tragic paradox of our time is to be found in the failure of nation-states to recognize the imperatives of internationalism.
 * Writing in Saturday Review (23 October 1971), p. 16

 * I'm very pleased with each advancing year. It stems back to when I was forty. I was a bit upset about reaching that milestone, but an older friend consoled me. "Don't complain about growing old — many, many people do not have that privilege."
 * Statement on celebrating his 83rd birthday (March 1974), as quoted in The Reader's Digest (1980) Vol. 116, p. 43

 * If Nixon is not forced to turn over tapes of his conversations with the ring of men who were conversing on their violations of the law, then liberty will soon be dead in this nation. If Nixon gets away with that, then Nixon makes the law as he goes along — not the Congress nor the courts. The old Court you and I served so long will not be worthy of its traditions if Nixon can twist, turn and fashion the law as he sees fit.
 * Speaking to William O. Douglas on the afternoon of the day he died (9 July 1974) as quoted in The Court Years, 1939-1975 : The Autobiography of William O. Douglas (1980), p. 514

 * The Brown case and the changes it brought causes many people to believe that it was the most important case of my tenure on the Court. That appraisal may be correct, but I have never thought so. It seemed to me that accolade should go to the case of Baker v. Carr (1962), which was the progenitor of the "one man, one vote" rule.
 * The Memoirs of Earl Warren (1977), New York: Doubleday, p. 306

Undated

 * We may not know the whole story in our lifetime.
 * On the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, quoted in Minute by Minute (1985)

 * I hate banks. They do nothing positive for anybody except take care of themselves. They're first in with their fees and first out when there's trouble.
 * As quoted in The Book of Business Quotations (1991) by Eugene Weber, p. 20

 * Everything I did in my life that was worthwhile, I caught hell for.
 * As quoted in Do It : Let's Get Off Our Buts (1992) by Peter John Roger McWilliams
 * Paraphrased variant: Everything that I did in life that was worthwhile, I caught hell for.
 * As quoted in Compact Fruit Tree (2002) Vol. 35-38, by International Dwarf Fruit Tree Association, p. 32

Quotes about Warren

 * He represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court … he has a national name for integrity, uprightness, and courage that, again, I believe we need on the Court.
 * President Dwight D. Eisenhower upon appointing Warren as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court.

 * The biggest damned-fool mistake I ever made.
 * President Dwight D. Eisenhower on his appointment of Warren to Chief Justice, attributed in New York Times obituary, July 10, 1974.

 * Earl Warren's life epitomized the American dream. His unique half‐century of public service spans one of the most dynamic eras in our history and his contribution was large indeed.
 * Chief Justice Warren E. Burger, reported in The New York Times obituary "Earl Warren, 83, Who Led High Court In Time of Vast Social Change, Is Dead" by Anthony Lewis from July 10, 1974. Archived from the original on January 21, 2020.

 * When history is written, he'll go down as one of the greatest Chief Justices the country has ever been blessed with. I think he is irreplaceable.
 * Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall,, reported in The New York Times obituary "Earl Warren, 83, Who Led High Court In Time of Vast Social Change, Is Dead" by Anthony Lewis from July 10, 1974. Archived from the original on January 21, 2020.

 * America has lost one of her finest public servants. Few men have been called on to do so much in the service of their nation and few have performed with such distinction. Even in retirement, Earl Warren repeatedly gave his talents to the service of his countrymen. He was an articulate spokesman for the ideals he cherished. He did not invite controversy but neither did he shun it; he fulfilled his duty as he saw it.
 * President Richard Nixon in a statement, reported in The New York Times obituary "Earl Warren, 83, Who Led High Court In Time of Vast Social Change, Is Dead" by Anthony Lewis from July 10, 1974. Archivedfrom the original on January 21, 2020.

 * Marge: Do you want your son to become Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, or a sleazy male stripper?
 * Homer: Can't he be both, like the late Earl Warren?
 * Marge: Earl Warren wasn't a stripper!
 * Homer: Now who's being naïve?!
 * John Swartzwelder, in Itchy & Scratchy: The Movie, episode of The Simpsons (1992)

title: Earl Warren


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