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Marianne Williamson

Marianne Deborah Williamson (born 8 July 1952) is a spiritual activist, author, lecturer and founder of the Peace Alliance, a grass roots campaign supporting legislation currently before Congress to establish a United States Department of Peace.

Quotes

 * Each of us has a unique part to play in the healing of the world.
 * The Law of Divine Compensation: On Work, Money, and Miracles (2012)

 * What I have proposed is $200 to $500 billion (in reparations) to descendants of slaves/ I think anything less than $100 billion is an insult... We should have a reparations council, board of trustees as it were, selecting this counsel – very, very significant because it has to be a board of trustees ... [that] white America trusts and black America trusts... I don’t think the average American is a racist — actually, I don’t at all, but I do think the average American is vastly undereducated, uninformed
 * Quoted in Marianne Williamson on reparations: 'Anything less than $100 billion is an insult', in The Hill, (16 April 2019)

 * The underlying cause has to do with deep, deep, deep realms of racial injustice, both in our criminal justice system and in our economic system... The Democratic Party should be on the side of reparations for slavery for this very reason... I do not believe that the average American is a racist, but the average American is woefully undereducated about the history of race in the United States.
 * Statement regarding a police shooting in South Bend, Indiana, in her first Democratic Party presidential debate (27 June 2019), as quoted in "Long-shot 2020 Dem Marianne Williamson calls for reparations, after debate skirmish over South Bend shooting" by Brooke Singman in Fox News (27 June 2019)

 * What reparations carry that race-based policies do not, is that reparations carry spiritual force there is an inherent mea culpa it is more than just economic restitution, its more than just economic restitution... It is a moral and an emotional and a psychological effect of reparations because it is an inherent acknowledgment of a wrong that has been done and a willingness to right it. … You simply cannot have the future you want if you are not willing to clean up your past ... And its time for us to put some things to bed on that issue. Its time. The civil war was over in 1865.
 * Interview with Fox News, as quoted in "Long-shot 2020 Dem Marianne Williamson calls for reparations, after debate skirmish over South Bend shooting" by Brooke Singman. in Fox News (27 June 2019)

 * We need to talk about more than just the health care plan. We need to realize we have a sickness care rather than a health care system. We need to be the party talking about why so many of our chemical policies and our food policies and our agricultural policies and our environment policies and even our economic policies are leading to sick people to begin with.
 * Quoted in We Desperately Need Marianne Williamson’s Message, The Intercept, Jon Schwarz (5 August 2019)
 * I haven’t heard anybody on this stage who has talked about American foreign policy in Latin America... There is an injustice that continues to form a toxicity underneath the surface, an emotional turbulence, people heal when there’s some deep truth-telling.
 * We Desperately Need Marianne Williamson’s Message. The Intercept, Jon Schwarz (5 August 2019)

 * Nuclear weapons are a symptom of conflict, fear, insecurity, and a drive to dominate. Denuclearization will follow more naturally and easily with decreased tensions and improved relationships. Sanctions are a form of economic warfare with a high rate of failure. Punitive, coercive policies do not always achieve the best outcomes. Sanctions harm innocent people, escalate conflicts and can put us on a path to war. They can provoke targeted populations to rally round the flag, support hardliners and inflame resentment against America.  We can achieve superior outcomes with clear-eyed respect and steps towards thawing the ice.
 * Quoted in Candidates Answer CFR's Questions Marianne Williamson, Council on Foreign Relations, August 16, 2019

 * The United States should have an equal and simultaneous support for both the legitimate security concerns of Israel, and the human rights, dignity and economic opportunities of the Palestinian people... I do not believe the settlements on the West Bank are legal. Also, I would rescind the president's affirmation of sovereignty of Israel over the Golan Heights. I understand the occupation of the Golan Heights, but only until there is a stable government in Syria with whom one can negotiate. According to international law, the occupation of a territory does not give the occupying country a right to annex it. Also, according to international law, the resources of the occupied territory are to be used for the good of those living there.  I also do not support the blockade of Gaza.
 * Quoted in Candidates Answer CFR's Questions Marianne Williamson, Council on Foreign Relations, August 16, 2019

 * If the US really wants to see a peaceful political transition in Venezuela it needs to help create the conditions for effective dialogue, which means supporting moderate factions on both sides that seek a peaceful transition and supporting existing efforts to promote dialogue, in particular those being led at the moment - with some success - by the Norwegian government. The historical record shows that when the US government engages in aggressive intervention to remove a leader that it dislikes, its efforts generally backfire or lead to unforeseen political and social developments that are not easy to resolve. The best policy in Venezuela and most places is to support efforts that allow the country’s citizens to decide on their political future (even if it’s not exactly the sort of future that the US favors).
 * Quoted in Candidates Answer CFR's Questions Marianne Williamson, Council on Foreign Relations, August 16, 2019

 * We don't believe that because you pray with someone they're not supposed to go to the doctor.
 * Quoted in Marianne Williamson ends presidential bid, says campaign tried her faith, Religion News Service, (10 January 2020)

 * In ‘A Course in Miracles’ there is a line: ‘The Christ in you cannot be crucified,’ What that's saying is that the truth of who you are cannot be affected by lovelessness because you were not created to be the effect of lovelessness in yourself or in others. That means if I am identifying with the attacks on me, then, by definition, I am identifying with the false self.
 * Marianne Williamson ends presidential bid, says campaign tried her faith, Religion News Service, (10 January 2020)

 * America doesn’t need another president. We’ve had forty-five of those, and look how that’s turned out. We here at The Stanford Occasionally know what this country really needs is a spiritual advisor, a candidate who can reveal our own Inner Light and lead the nation to self-actualization.  That candidate is Marianne Williamson.
 * Satire- Stanford Occasionally officially endorses Marianne Williamson for president, The Stanford Daily, by Lana Tleimat (24 January 2020)

 * A record 14 million children in America are not getting enough to eat... even before the pandemic, in the richest nation in the world, about 13 million children went to school hungry every day. A report from January found more than 1.5 million public school students were experiencing homelessness, the highest number in over a dozen years. Millions of children attend classrooms where there aren't adequate means to teach them to read by the time they're 8 years old—in which case, their chances of high school graduation are drastically decreased and chances of incarceration are drastically increased.
 * Marianne Williamson: If We Want a Prosperous America Tomorrow, Take Care of Our Children Today, Newsweek (23 July 2020)

 * Millions of our kids (40 percent of all girls in Chicago public schools...) show signs of post-traumatic stress disorder, and the COVID-19 crisis is quickly making that worse. Schools across the country are working to adopt "trauma-informed" teaching methods. Meanwhile, there is an average of only one school counselor for every 455 public school students... Consider the psychological and emotional effects of going to school each day well aware of school shootings and worried that the weird antisocial kid in class might want to kill you. Make no mistake about it, many of these children will be broken human beings 20 years from now.
 * Marianne Williamson: If We Want a Prosperous America Tomorrow, Take Care of Our Children Today, Newsweek (23 July 2020)

 * When people say the government should be run like a business, tell them that in many ways it already is—and that's the problem. Our government should not be run like a business; it should be run like a family. A business might rightfully put its short-term profits first, but a functional family puts the well-being of its children first. That's not a relative truth; it's a moral absolute... Our system was designed before women had a voice in the public realm, and raising children was deemed to just be "women's work." But we certainly have a voice now, and we need to raise it on behalf of every mother's child.... In any advanced mammalian species that survives and thrives, a common characteristic is the fierce behavior of the adult female of the species when she senses a threat to her cubs. Ours are threatened now, and we need to get fierce.
 * Marianne Williamson: If We Want a Prosperous America Tomorrow, Take Care of Our Children Today, Newsweek (23 July 2020)

 * As a nation, we have slithered like snakes across the floor to whatever hole where money lay, sacrificing the depths of our own humanity as we did so. And we are surprised now at the various crises among us? What should surprise us is that this didn't happen sooner. Just as the face of a fascistic president could have belonged to anyone, so the consequences of our spiritual malfeasance could have come in any form. Am I saying that America is reaping its karma? You bet I am, but that is never the end of the story. For just as the law of cause-and-effect is inviolable, so is God's mercy.   When we come clean with the God of our own understanding—atoning, owning, admitting, all those words that ultimately mean the same thing—the darkest storm clouds are dissolved by light. But not immediately, and not until then.  America is down on its knees this time. But that's not the bad news; it's the good news.
 * Marianne Williamson: America's Karma, Newsweek, (4 September 2020)

 * Candidate suppression is a form of voter suppression.
 * "EXCLUSIVE: Marianne Williamson On Ukraine, Biden, Vaccines | Breaking Points" (at 35m36s), Breaking Points, 26 June 2023.

A Return to Love: Reflections on the Principles of "A Course in Miracles" (1992)

 * Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness that most frightens us. We ask ourselves, Who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented, and fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be? You are a child of God. Your playing small does not serve the world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people will not feel insecure around you. We are all meant to shine, as children do. We were born to make manifest the glory of God that is within us. It is not just in some of us; it is in everyone and as we let our own light shine, we unconsciously give others permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others.
 * Ch. 7 : Work, §3 : Personal Power, p. 190 (p. 165 in some editions). This famous passage from her book is very often erroneously attributed to Nelson Mandela. About the mis-attribution Williamson said, "Several years ago, this paragraph from A Return to Love began popping up everywhere, attributed to Nelson Mandela's 1994 inaugural address. As honored as I would be had President Mandela quoted my words, indeed he did not. I have no idea where that story came from, but I am gratified that the paragraph has come to mean so much to so many people."
 * Variant which appears in the film Coach Carter (2005): "Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. It is our light, not our darkness that most frightens us. Your playing small does not serve the world. There is nothing enlightened about shrinking so that other people won't feel insecure around you. We are all meant to shine as children do. It's not just in some of us; it is in everyone. And as we let our own lights shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same. As we are liberated from our own fear, our presence automatically liberates others."
 * Variant which appears in the film Akeelah and the Bee (2006), displayed in a picture frame on the wall, attributing it to Mandela: "Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate. Our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure. We ask ourselves, Who am I to be brilliant, gorgeous, talented, fabulous? Actually, who are you not to be? We were born to make manifest the glory of God that is within us. And as we let our own light shine, we unconsciously give other people permission to do the same."

 * A miracle worker is an artist of the soul. There’s no higher art than living a good life. An artist informs the world of what’s available behind the masks we all wear. That’s what we’re all here to do. The reason so many of us are obsessed with becoming stars is because we’re not yet starring in our own lives. The cosmic spotlight isn’t pointed at you; it radiates from within you.
 * Ch. 7 : Work, §3 : Personal Power

 * If we wait for the world’s permission to shine, we will never receive it. The ego doesn’t give that permission. Only God does, and He has already done so. He has sent you here as His personal representative and is asking you to channel His love into the world. Are you waiting for a more important job? There isn’t one.
 * Ch. 7 : Work, §3 : Personal Power

 * How could Leonardo da Vinci not have painted? How could Shakespeare not have written? In Letters to a Young Poet, Rilke tells a young writer to write only if he has to. We are to do what there is a deep psychological and emotional imperative for us to do. That’s our point of power, the source of our brilliance. Our power is not rationally or willfully called forth. It’s a divine dispensation, an act of grace.
 * Ch. 7 : Work, §3 : Personal Power

 * The thought system that dominates our culture is laced with selfish values, and relinquishing those values is a lot easier said than done. The journey to a pure heart can be highly disorienting. For years we may have worked for power, money and prestige. Now all of a sudden we’ve learned that those are just the values of a dying world. We don’t know where to search for motivation anymore.
 * Ch. 7 : Work, §9 : Sales to Service

Not at all, but thinking so is a temporary phase many people go through — when the values of the old world no longer have a hold on us, but the values of the new don’t yet grab your soul. They will.
 * If we’re not working in order to get rich, then why are we working at all? What are we supposed to do all day? Just sit home and watch TV?
 * Ch. 7 : Work, §9 : Sales to Service

 * There comes a time, not too long into the journey to God, when the realization that the world could work beautifully if we would give it the chance, begins to excite us. It becomes our new motivation.
 * Ch. 7 : Work, §9 : Sales to Service

 * The news isn’t how bad things are. The news is how good they could be. And our own activity could be part of the unfolding of Heaven on earth. There is no more powerful motivation than to feel we’re being used in the creation of a world where love has healed all wounds.
 * Ch. 7 : Work, §9 : Sales to Service

 * We are no longer ambitious for ourselves, but are rather inspired by the vision of a healed world. Inspiration rearranges our energies. It sources within us a new power and direction. We no longer feel like we’re trying to carry a football to the finish line, clutching it to our chest and surrounded by hostile forces. We feel instead as though angels are pushing us from behind and making straight our path as we go.
 * Ch. 7 : Work, §9 : Sales to Service

'''Give all your gifts away in service to the world. If you want to paint, don’t wait for a grant. Paint a wall in your town that looks drab and uninviting. You never know who’s going to see that wall. Whatever it is you want to do, give it away in service to your community.'''
 * Purity of heart will not make us poor. The exaltation of poverty as a spiritual virtue is of the ego, not the spirit. A person acting from a motivation of contribution and service rises to such a level of moral authority, that worldly success is a natural result.
 * Ch. 7 : Work, §9 : Sales to Service

Williamson's quotes in social media

 * The ground on which we’ll unite as Americans is the higher ground of moral repair. Not Left or Right, or even Democrats or Republicans. We’ll unite as Americans, having come to realize that aligning public policy with the goodness in our hearts is our best and only path forward.
 * Twitter (1 Oct 2019)

 * Economic system of the US was created & designed before women had a voice in the public realm. We do have a voice now; it’s important that we use it not to fit into the system but to change the system. The main engine of our economy should be the care & nurturance of our children
 * Twitter (2 Oct 2019)

 * The United States is number two in the world for hosting child pornography websites. Dangers to our children should be a top priority, yet only half the money appropriated to fight crimes against children online has been given to the effort.
 * Twitter (2 Oct 2019)

 * A person disconnected from empathy is a sociopath, but making that all about the president is to displace our outrage & responsibility from where it belongs. Our public policies have lacked empathy for decades. He did not create the spiritual void; the spiritual void created him.
 * Twitter (22 Oct 2019)

 * As long as health ins & Big Pharma determine so much health care policy, gun manufacturers so much gun safety policy, oil & gas companies so much environmental policy & defense contractors so much defense policy, we’re functioning not as a democracy but as a corporate aristocracy
 * Twitter (22 Oct 2019)

 * The military has more than 130 bands with more than 6000 musicians, costing about a half-billion dollars a year. Meanwhile the National Endowment for the Arts gets $155M, a paltry amount compared to other advanced democracies. Arts & artists should be robustly funded & supported!
 * Twitter (24 Oct 2019)

 * The US will be a violent society until we decide to be nonviolent. Our task, if we do decide that, is to proactively and intentionally wage peace.
 * Twitter (25 Oct 2019)

 * We should have total public funding of federal campaigns. That is the only way to get the dark money out of politics. As president that will be my first piece of legislation to submit because the undue influence of money on our politics is the cancer underlying all other cancers.
 * Twitter (24 Nov 2019)

 * When 1% of the population owns more wealth than the bottom 90%, the last people you should be asking for economic advice are the people who created that situation.
 * Twitter (26 Nov 2019)

 * From a religious perspective, loving one another is the highest commandment. From a spiritual perspective, loving one another is the wisdom of the ages. From a political perspective, loving one another is just the smartest thing to do. Plus, today it’s the only survivable option.
 * Twitter (26 Nov 2019)

 * Trump did not create the worst dysfunctions of our democracy; our worst dysfunctions created him. He's the symptom, not the cause, of a dangerous slide away from vital democracy toward corporate authoritarian rule. The slide began 40 years ago and he's simply the climactic event.
 * Twitter (15 Dec 2019)

 * Being anti-slavery simply meant you didn’t agree with slavery; being an abolitionist meant you’d crossed a bridge inside yourself, from “I don’t agree” to “Not on my watch.” Which are you in relation to a corporate aristocracy that has corrupted our govt and eroded our democracy?
 * Twitter (24 Dec 2019)

 * Elementary students on suicide watch. Public schools with "trauma rooms." Teachers having to deal with students who have overwhelming behavioral problems on a daily basis. Millions of children with severe PTSD just from living in their neighborhoods. America, we have a problem.
 * Twitter (28 Dec 2019)

 * 13 million children are hungry in America. Yet most politicians do not even talk about it. Children aren’t old enough to vote, nor old enough to work therefore they have no financial leverage. They’re not old enough to advocate for themselves. That’s our job. The political establishment has simply normalized the despair of millions of American children who are chronically traumatized by poverty, hunger, and all manner of violence. This is what happens when government becomes more an instrument of corporate profits then of conscience. The vulnerabilities, challenges and chronic trauma of millions of American children should be recognized as a social justice issue. An economic system with no particular use for children - or for older people - has left both groups underserved. This country shouldn’t be run like a business, it should be run like a family. First we should take care of our children & older people, making sure they have everything they need to thrive. Everything else would then heal itself from there. Moral repair precedes societal repair.
 * In a Twitter thread, 30 December 2019, Twitter.

 * Money in politics is the cancer underlying all the others. The only way to heal it is thru public funding of federal campaigns plus a constitutional amendment. Til then, health insurance, big Pharma, gun manufacturers, oil & gas, food, chem & defense contractors run this country.
 * Twitter (8 Jan 2020)

 * America’s most important ally should be humanity itself. Our species will not survive another 100 years if we don’t move from a competitive to a cooperative mode of existence. “Me first” is an obsolete, unsustainable perspective.
 * Twitter (8 Jan 20)

 * 21stC mindset different than 20th. There’s realization that either we will evolve into a higher level of compassion for everyone, or in time there will be no one left. Warmongers, climate change deniers, fossil fuel extractors, capitalists without conscience - they are dinosaurs.
 * Twitter (9 Jan 20)

 * A politics of conscience is still yet possible. And yes….love will prevail.
 * Twitter (10 Jan 20)

 * A country that can afford a $738 billion defense budget but will not ensure its school children a more healthy diet is a country whose moral values are spiraling down and whose future health care costs will be spiraling up.
 * Twitter (18 Jan 20)

Quotes about Williamson

 * Spiritual teacher Williamson believes, "Our country's way of dealing with security issues is obsolete. We cannot simply rely on brute force to rid ourselves of international enemies." She recognizes that, on the contrary, the U.S. militarized foreign policy creates enemies, and our huge military budget "simply increase(s) the coffers of the military-industrial complex." She writes, "The only way to make peace with your neighbors is to make peace with your neighbors."Williamson proposes a 10 or 20 year plan to transform our wartime economy into a "peace-time economy." “"From massive investment in the development of clean energy, to the retrofitting of our buildings and bridges, to the building of new schools and the creation of a green manufacturing base," she writes, "it is time to release this powerful sector of American genius to the work of promoting life instead of death."
 * Medea Benjamin & Nicolas J S Davies War and Peace and the 2020 Presidential Candidates, Common Dreams (27 March 2019)

 * Marianne Williamson has been a surprisingly valuable voice in the 2019 Democratic presidential debates. She’s been radical in the real meaning of the word, calling on America to treat not just our tangle of symptoms but the underlying diseases. [In]...Williamson’s statement in the first debate about the Trump administration’s attack on immigrants. She didn’t just call it “a crime,” she said, “I haven’t heard anybody on this stage who has talked about American foreign policy in Latin America.” More and more people have been coming to the U.S. from Central America because we ripped the region to shreds during the 1980s, and their countries still haven’t recovered.
 * We Desperately Need Marianne Williamson’s Message. It’s Ominous That We’re Only Getting It From Marianne Williamson, The Intercept, Jon Schwarz (5 August 2019)

 * The most startling part of Williamson’s performance was her explanation on Tuesday of her support for reparations for slavery. CNN’s Don Lemon spoke of reparations as “financial assistance.” No, she responded, this was wrong: Reparations would not be financial assistance, but “payment of a debt that is owed.” And the point of reparations is not just money, but ending the price we pay for avoiding reality.
 * We Desperately Need Marianne Williamson’s Message. It’s Ominous That We’re Only Getting It From Marianne Williamson, The Intercept, Jon Schwarz (5 August 2019)

 * With the layoff of Williamson’s campaign staff, her presidential bid is “effectively over.” While mainstream journalists “ignored or mocked” her belief in “the fundamentally spiritual nature of our political crisis,” though, their “grotesque jeering” was “the ultimate vindication of her position.” Williamson didn’t attack specific policies; her opponents were “cruelty, avarice, crassness, irreligion and indifferentism” — the reasons “our society will remain sick.”
 * Marianne Williamson for the angels and other commentary, New York Post, (6 January 2020)

 * Williamson told RNS she was particularly frustrated by what she saw as criticism of her offering prayer and thought exercises for AIDS patients in the 1980s. "We don't believe that because you pray with someone they're not supposed to go to the doctor," said Williamson, who is Jewish but espouses what she describes as a universal spirituality.
 * Marianne Williamson ends presidential bid, says campaign tried her faith, Religion News Service, (10 January 2020)

 * She also invoked “A Course in Miracles,” an esoteric 1976 religious work that she spent much of her career teaching others about... Williamson has utilized religious and spiritual language on the campaign trail and talked about faith during her final campaign event in Des Moines, Iowa, were she spoke at the Vote Common Good presidential forum organized by progressive people of faith.
 * Marianne Williamson ends presidential bid, says campaign tried her faith, Religion News Service, (10 January 2020)

 * America doesn’t need another president. We’ve had forty-five of those, and look how that’s turned out. We here at The Stanford Occasionally know what this country really needs is a spiritual advisor, a candidate who can reveal our own Inner Light and lead the nation to self-actualization.  That candidate is Marianne Williamson.
 * Satire- Stanford Occasionally officially endorses Marianne Williamson for president, The Stanford Daily, by Lana Tleimat (24 January 2020)

title: Marianne Williamson


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Wikiquote:Research resources

This page is a directory of both proprietary and free online resources that may be useful for research purposes. Other lists of resources are below. The page has a section of resources that are offered and one of resources that are wanted. These sections are separated into subsections for specific resource types.

These are not public domain resources. They may be helpful references, but do not copy material directly from these sources. Please provide as much detail as possible about:
 * version of the resource
 * storage form of the resource (paper, CD-ROM, online archive etc.)

It is assumed that these resources are available to you for free or that you are willing to cover any costs. Users should note that these shared usage offers, unless otherwise noted, are only valid for Wikipedia purposes.

Please add your own resources in the appropriate section.

German language

 * Der Spiegel (weekly newsmagazine)
 * Electronic access from 1986 to present (without pictures): Eloquence
 * CD-ROM archives 1994, 1995, 2000, 2001 (with pictures): Eloquence
 * Konkret (monthly leftist magazine)
 * CD-ROM archives 1987-1996: Eloquence
 * Taz (daily newspaper)
 * Electronic access from 1986 to present: Eloquence
 * German news agencies
 * Various, electronic access from 1998 to present: Eloquence

English language

 * New Scientist (weekly UK science magazine)
 * Access to internet archive, about 10 years worth Smelialichu, Burgundavia
 * Various Atlantic Canadian newspapers
 * Electronic access, 1975 to present (also includes CBC, The Toronto Star and L'Acadie Nouvelle): Stephen Gilbert
 * Time (weekly American newsmagazine)
 * selected CD-ROM archive, 1923 - 1995: Stephen Gilbert
 * The Guinness Book of British Hit Singles 14 edition. Chart positions and dates for all singles which entered the top 75 since the fifties. --bodnotbod 22:43, Jun 3, 2004 (UTC)
 * The Globe and Mail (Canadian newspaper)
 * Complete online archive —No-One Jones (mail)
 * The New York Times
 * Online archives to 1999 —No-One Jones (mail)
 * The Times of London
 * Online archive 1785–1985 —No-One Jones (mail)

General Reference

 * Encyclopaedia Britannica
 * electronic access: Stephen Gilbert, Belgrader
 * online: Centrx. —No-One Jones (mail)
 * Oxford Reference Online
 * Dictionaries on all subjects (no OED, I'm afraid), electronic access: Stephen Gilbert
 * The full OED
 * on cd-rom (so without the online updates of the edition under preparation: fabiform
 * online (with updates): DrBob, Menchi, Centrx, —No-One Jones (mail)

Science databooks

 * CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 77th edition (1997) (chemical and physical data on just about anything): DrBob

Writing and Publishing
Chicago Manual of Style, 14th edition (1993): Centrx

Philosophy
Oxford Companion to Philosophy (1995): Centrx

History
A large (150-200 books) private library (print) on the subject 'voyages of discovery'. Especially interesting Raymond John Howgego: Encyclopedia of Exploration to 1800 (2003). - Andre Engels

Other

 * United Nations Treaty Collection
 * electronic access: Stephen Gilbert

Wanted resources
Currently none.

Free online resources
Free online English Language dictionaries:
 * Merriam-Webster American English as main entries, but include British English as 'See-also' entries. Dictionary and thesaurus.

 * Cambridge Dictionary a British dictionary, also recognises American spellings. Dictionary.
 * One click will switch you to one of the following Cambridge dictionaries: American, Learner's, Idioms, Phrasal Verbs, French / English, Spanish / English (just follow the link above).

 * One Look To search many online dictionaries at once, great for American and British English, check spellings and definitions. Dictionary and thesaurus.

 * Dictionary.com can check American and British spelling - refers to several other dictionaries, this is the spell checker used by Google. Dictionary and thesaurus.

 * Online dictionary free multi-lingual online dictionary between English and seven modern languages - Spanish dictionary, French, German, Italian, Russian, Chinese and Japanese dictionary.

 * Dictionary Swedish Latin free dictionary for Swedish and Latin.

 * Language-reference Cross-foreign-language lexicon powered by its own search engine. All cross combinations between French, German, Italian, Latin and Spanish.

Other:

 * hypertextbook.com Seems to be a collection of scientific essays written by high school students on various topics. Includes copious references.
 * PubMed Entrez Global Query Cross-Database Search System. Free access to biomedical databases: online science textbooks, clinical trials, biomedical literature, Human genome, protein structure, taxonomy, etc. Put out by the National Library of Medicine.

 * The Internet Public Library -- not a resource by itself, but a collection of helpful, vetted links to major topics.

 * CIA World Factbook - A wealth of facts about each nation of the world.

 * Gannett's Resources for Newsrooms - Links to further resources categorised by subject area, eg Crime / Housing / Agriculture...

 * BBC Country Profiles - includes audio and video clips.

 * Canadian Encyclopedia (also in French)

 * Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online - Biographies of people who have had an impact on Canada and who died between 1000 and 1920 or whose last known date of activity falls within these years

Election statistics

 * Adam Carr's Election Archive: Adam Carr maintains the world's largest online archive of election statistics from every democractic country in the world.

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Sylvia Plath

Sylvia Plath (27 October 1932 – 11 February 1963) was an American poet, novelist, short story writer, and essayist. She was the first wife of Ted Hughes.

Quotes

 * Being born a woman is my awful tragedy.
 * I am jealous of men. I envy the man his physical freedom to lead a double life.
 * Diary entry from 1951 in The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath, 1950-1962 (New York: Anchor Books) as cited by Cordelia Jenkins in "The 'definitive account' of Sylvia Plath" Financial Times (November 13, 2000)

 * How frail the human heart must be — a mirrored pool of thought.
 * "I Thought I Could Not Be Hurt," quoted in the introduction to Letters Home: Correspondence 1950–1963 (1975) as Plath's first poem, written at age 14

 * I shut my eyes and all the world drops dead; I lift my lids and all is born again.
 * "Mad Girl's Love Song" (1953) from Collected Poems (1981)

 * I happened to be at Cambridge. I was sent there by the [US] government on a government grant. And I'd read some of Ted's poems in this magazine and I was very impressed and I wanted to meet him. I went to this little celebration and that's actually where we met. Then we saw a great deal of each other. Ted came back to Cambridge and suddenly we found ourselves getting married a few months later... We kept writing poems to each other. Then it just grew out of that, I guess, a feeling that we both were writing so much and having such a fine time doing it, we decided that this should keep on.
 * From a 1961 interview, as cited by Martha Murphy Badger at "Remembering poet Sylvia Plath" The Telegraph (27 October 2012)
 * "Sylvia Plath and Ted Hughes talk about their relationship" The Guardian (15 April 2020) links to a British Library copy of the recording.

 * What did my fingers do before they held him? What did my heart do, with its love?
 * "Three Women: A Poem for Three Voices" (1962), a radio play published in 1968

The Colossus (1960)

 * So many of us! So many of us! We are shelves, we are Tables, we are meek, We are edible,  Nudgers and shovers In spite of ourselves. Our kind multiplies:  We shall by morning Inherit the earth. Our foot's in the door.
 * "Mushrooms"

The Bell Jar (1963)

 * It was a queer, sultry summer, the summer they electrocuted the Rosenbergs, and I didn't know what I was doing in New York.
 * Ch. 1, Opening line

 * The silence depressed me. It wasn't the silence of silence. It was my own silence. I knew perfectly well the cars were making a noise, and the people in them and behind the lit windows of the buildings were making a noise, and the river was making a noise, but I couldn't hear a thing. The city hung in my window, flat as a poster, glittering and blinking, but it might just as well not have been there at all, for the good it did me.
 * Ch. 2

 * There must be quite a few things a hot bath won't cure, but I don't know many of them.
 * Ch. 2

 * I never feel so much myself as when I'm in a hot bath.
 * Ch. 2

 * There is something demoralizing about watching two people get more and more crazy about each other, especially when you are the only extra person in the room.
 * Ch. 2

 * If you expect nothing from somebody you are never disappointed.
 * Ch. 5

 * What a man is is an arrow into the future and what a woman is is the place the arrow shoots off from.
 * Ch. 5

 * Later Buddy told me the woman was on a drug that would make her forget she'd had any pain and that when she swore and groaned she really didn't know what she was doing because she was in a kind of twilight sleep. I thought it sounded just like the sort of drug a man would invent. Here was a woman in terrible pain, obviously feeling every bit of it or she wouldn't groan like that, and she would go straight home and start another baby, because the drug would make her forget how bad the pain had been, when all the time, in some secret part of her, that long, blind, doorless and windowless corridor of pain was waiting to open up and shut her in again.
 * Ch. 6

 * I didn't feel like asking him if there were any other ways to have babies. For some reason the most important thing to me was actually seeing the baby come out of you yourself and making sure it was yours. I thought if you had to have all that pain anyway you might just as well stay awake. I had always imagined myself hitching up on to my elbows on the delivery table after it was all over — dead white, of course, with no makeup and form the awful ordeal, but smiling and radiant, with my hair down to my waist, and reaching out for my first little squirmy child and saying its name, whatever it was.
 * Ch. 6

 * Then he just stood there in front of me and I kept on staring at him. The only thing I could think of was turkey neck and turkey gizzards and I felt very depressed.
 * Ch. 6

 * I thought how strange it had never occurred to me before that I was only purely happy until I was nine years old.
 * Ch. 7

 * So I began to think maybe it was true that when you were married and had children it was like being brainwashed, and afterward you went about as numb as a slave in some private, totalitarian state.
 * Ch. 7
 * I saw my life branching out before me like the green fig tree in the story.  From the tip of every branch, like a fat purple fig, a wonderful future beckoned and winked. One fig was a husband and happy home and children, and another fig was a famous poet and another fig was a brilliant professor, and another fig was Ee Gee, the amazing editor, and another fig was Constantin and Socrates and Attila and a pack of other lovers with queer names and offbeat professions, and another fig was an Olympic lady crew champion, and beyond and above these figs were many more figs I couldn't quite make out.
 * Ch.7

 * The one thing I was good at was winning scholarships and prizes, and that era was coming to an end.
 * Ch. 7
 * Instead of the world being divided up into Catholics and Protestants or Republicans and Democrats or white men and black men or even men and women, I saw the world divided into people who had slept with somebody and people who hadn't, and this seemed the only really significant difference between one person and another.  I thought a spectacular change would come over me the day I crossed the boundary line.
 * Ch. 7

 * I saw myself sitting in the crotch of this fig tree, starving to death, just because I couldn't make up my mind which of the figs I would choose. I wanted each and every one of them, but choosing one meant losing all the rest, and, as I sat there, unable to decide, the figs began to wrinkle and go black, and, one by one, they plopped to the ground at my feet.
 * Ch. 7

 * If neurotic is wanting two mutually exclusive things at one and the same time, then I'm neurotic as hell. I'll be flying back and forth between one mutually exclusive thing and another for the rest of my days.
 * Ch. 8

 * "It's a tango." Marco maneuvered me out among the dancers. "I love tangos." "I can't dance." "You don't have to dance. I'll do that dancing." Marco hooked an arm around my waist and jerked me up against his dazzling white suit. Then he said, "Pretend you are drowning." I shut my eyes, and the music broke over me like a rainstorm. Marco's leg slid forward against mine and my leg slid back and I seemed to be riveted against him, limb for limb, moving as he moved, without any will or knowledge of my own, and after a while I thought, "It doesn't take two to dance, it only takes one," and I let myself blow and bend like a tree in the wind. "What did I tell you?" Marco's breath scorched my ear. "You're a perfectly respectable dancer."
 * Ch. 9

 * I began to see why woman-haters could make such fools of women. Woman-haters were like gods: invulnerable and chock-full of power. They descended, and then they disappeared. You could never catch one.
 * Ch. 9

 * "Does she know you love her?" "Of course." I paused. The obstacle seemed unreal to me. "If you love her," I said, "you'll love somebody else someday."
 * Ch. 9

 * They understood things of the spirit in Japan. They disemboweled themselves when anything went wrong.
 * Ch. 11

 * When they asked some old Roman philosopher or other how he wanted to die, he said he would open his veins in a warm bath. I thought it would be easy, lying in the tub and seeing the redness flower from my wrists, flush after flush through the clear water, till I sank to sleep under a surface gaudy as poppies. But when it came right down to it, the skin of my wrist looked so white and defenseless that I couldn't do it. It was as if what I wanted to kill wasn't in that skin or the thin blue pulse that jumped under my thumb, but somewhere else, deeper, more secret, and a whole lot harder to get at.
 * Ch. 12

 * Wherever I sat — on the deck of a ship or at a street café in Paris or Bangkok — I would be sitting under the same glass bell jar, stewing in my own sour air.
 * Ch. 15

 * "I hate her," I said, and waited for the blow to fall. But Doctor Nolan only smiled at me as if something had pleased her very, very much and said, "I suppose you do."
 * Ch. 16

 * The bell jar hung, suspended, a few feet above my head. I was open to the circulating air.
 * Ch. 18

 * How did I know that someday — at college, in Europe, somewhere, anywhere — the bell jar, with its stifling distortions, wouldn’t descend again?
 * Ch. 20

 * To the person in the bell jar, blank and stopped as a dead baby, the world itself is the bad dream.
 * Ch. 20

 * I took a deep breath and listened to the old brag of my heart: I am, I am, I am.
 * Ch. 20

 * There ought, I thought, to be a ritual for being born twice - patched, retreaded and approved for the road.
 * Ch. 20

Ariel (1965)

 * Now your head, excuse me, is empty. I have the ticket for that. Come here, sweetie, out of the closet. Well, what do you think of that? Naked as paper to start But in twenty-five years she'll be silver, In fifty, gold. A living doll, everywhere you look. It can sew, it can cook, It can talk, talk, talk.  It works, there is nothing wrong with it. You have a hole, it's a poultice. You have an eye, it's an image. My boy, it's your last resort. Will you marry it, marry it, marry it.
 * "The Applicant"

 * Dying Is an art, like everything else. I do it exceptionally well. I do it so it feels like hell. I do it so it feels real. I guess you could say I've a call.
 * "Lady Lazarus"

 * Herr God, Herr Lucifer, Beware. Beware. Out of the ash I rise with my red hair And I eat men like air.
 * "Lady Lazarus"

 * I am inhabited by a cry. Nightly it flaps out Looking, with its hooks, for something to love. I am terrified by this dark thing That sleeps in me; All day I feel its soft, feathery turnings, its malignity.
 * "Elm"

 * I am incapable of more knowledge. What is this, this face So murderous in its strangle of branches? — Its snaky acids hiss. It petrifies the will. These are the isolate, slow faults, That kill, that kill, that kill.
 * "Elm"

 * This is the light of the mind, cold and planetary. The trees of the mind are black. The light is blue.
 * "The Moon and the Yew Tree"

 * The moon is no door. It is a face in its own right, White as a knuckle and terribly upset. It drags the sea after it like a dark crime; it is quiet With the O-gape of complete despair. I live here.
 * "The Moon and the Yew Tree"

 * You do not do, you do not do Any more, black shoe In which I have lived like a foot For thirty years, poor and white, Barely daring to breathe or Achoo.
 * "Daddy"

 * Not God but a swastika So black no sky could squeak through. Every woman adores a Fascist, The boot in the face, the brute Brute heart of a brute like you.
 * "Daddy"

 * There’s a stake in your fat black heart And the villagers never liked you. They are dancing and stamping on you. They always knew it was you. Daddy, daddy, you bastard, I’m through.
 * "Daddy"

 * Darling, all night I have been flickering, off, on, off, on. The sheets grow heavy as a lecher's kiss.
 * "Fever 103"

 * Perfection is terrible, it cannot have children.
 * "The Munich Mannequins"

 * The blood jet is poetry, There is no stopping it.
 * "Kindness"

 * The woman is perfected Her dead Body wears the smile of accomplishment, The illusion of a Greek necessity  Flows in the scrolls of her toga, Her bare  Feet seem to be saying: We have come so far, it is over.  Each dead child coiled, a white serpent, One at each little  Pitcher of milk, now empty. She has folded  Them back into her body as petals Of a rose close when the garden  Stiffens and odors bleed From the sweet, deep throats of the night flower.  The moon has nothing to be sad about, Staring from her hood of bone.  She is used to this sort of thing. Her blacks crackle and drag.
 * "Edge"

 * Axes After whose stroke the wood rings, And the echoes! Echoes travelling Off from the centre like horses.
 * "Words"

Crossing the Water (1971)

 * These hills are too green and sweet to have tasted salt. I follow the sheep path between them. A last hook brings me To the hills' northern face, and the face is orange rock That looks out on nothing, nothing but a great space Of white and pewter lights, and a din like silversmiths Beating and beating at an intractable metal.
 * "Blackberrying"

 * These poems do not live: it's a sad diagnosis. They grew their toes and fingers well enough, Their little foreheads bulged with concentration. If they missed out on walking about like people It wasn't for any lack of mother-love.
 * "Stillborn"

 * Now I am a lake. A woman bends over me, Searching my reaches for what she really is. Then she turns to those liars, the candles or the moon. I see her back, and reflect it faithfully. She rewards me with tears and an agitation of hands. I am important to her. She comes and goes. Each morning it is her face that replaces the darkness. In me she has drowned a young girl, and in me an old woman Rises toward her day after day, like a terrible fish.
 * "Mirror"

 * I'm a riddle in nine syllables, An elephant, a ponderous house, A melon strolling on two tendrils. O red fruit, ivory, fine timbers! This loaf's big with its yeasty rising. Money's new-minted in this fat purse. I'm a means, a stage, a cow in calf. I've eaten a bag of green apples, Boarded the train there's no getting off.
 * "Metaphors"

Winter Trees (1972)

 * You said you would kill it this morning. Do not kill it. It startles me still, The jut of that odd, dark head, pacing Through the uncut grass on the elm's hill. It is something to own a pheasant, Or just to be visited at all.  I am not mystical: it isn't As if I thought it had a spirit. It is simply in its element.  That gives it a kingliness, a right.
 * "Pheasant"

Letters Home: Correspondence 1950–1963 (1976)

 * Don't talk to me about the world needing cheerful stuff! What the person out of Belsen — physical or psychological — wants is nobody saying the birdies still go tweet-tweet, but the full knowledge that somebody else has been there and knows the worst, just what it is like.
 * Letter to Aurelia Plath (August 21, 1962)

The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath (2000)
Karen V. Kukil, ed. Anchor Press, ISBN 0-385-72025-4

 * I talk to God but the sky is empty.
 * Draft of letter to Richard Sassoon (February 19, 1950)

 * I love people. Everybody. I love them, I think, as a stamp collector loves his collection. Every story, every incident, every bit of conversation is raw material for me. My love's not impersonal yet not wholly subjective either. I would like to be everyone, a cripple, a dying man, a whore, and then come back to write about my thoughts, my emotions, as that person. But I am not omniscient. I have to live my life, and it is the only one I'll ever have. And you cannot regard your own life with objective curiosity all the time.
 * (July 7, 1950)

 * It is raining. I am tempted to write a poem. But I remember what it said on one rejection slip: After a heavy rainfall, poems titled RAIN pour in from across the nation.
 * (July 6, 1950)

 * With me, the present is forever, and forever is always shifting, flowing, melting. This second is life. And when it is gone it is dead. But you can't start over with each new second. You have to judge by what is dead. It's like quicksand... hopeless from the start.
 * (July 8, 1950)

 * The blood of love welled up in my heart with a slow pain.
 * (July 17, 1950)

 * Frustrated? Yes. Why? Because it is impossible for me to be God — or the universal woman-and-man — or anything much. I am what I feel and think and do. I want to express my being as fully as I can because I somewhere picked up the idea that I could justify my being alive that way.
 * 1950 entry, quoted in Gayle Wurst, Voice and Vision: The Poetry of Sylvia Plath (1999), p. 158

 * If I didn't think, I'd be much happier; if I didn't have any sex organs, I wouldn't waver on the brink of nervous emotion and tears all the time.
 * 1950 entry, quoted in Kate Moses, "The Real Sylvia Plath," Salon.com (June 1, 2000)

 * Perhaps when we find ourselves wanting everything, it is because we are dangerously near to wanting nothing.
 * Draft of letter to Richard Sassoon (December 1955), quoted in Joyce Carol Oates, "Raising Lady Lazarus," The New York Times (November 5, 2000)

 * I must get back my soul from you; I am killing my flesh without it.
 * Draft of letter to Richard Sassoon (March 1, 1956)

 * I am made, crudely, for success.
 * (April 22, 1958)

 * Ironically, Henry James' biography comforts me & I long to make known to him his posthumous reputation — he wrote, in pain, gave all his life (which is more than I could think of doing — I have Ted, will have children — but few friends) & the critics insulted & mocked him, readers didn't read him.
 * (April 22, 1958)

 * I desire the things which will destroy me in the end.
 * Journal entry from July 1950 – 1953, p. 63 of the original, p. 55 of the collection

 * The abstract kills, the concrete saves.
 * (January 7, 1959)

Quotes about Sylvia Plath

 * In alphabetical order by author or source.

 * I was rereading Plath the other day and she is a really an extremely fine, clever poet. In fact, I think Plath has turned out to be a much better poet than Hughes ever was. Of course he won all the prizes, and his name is on the stones in Poet’s Corner and OK, he’s pretty good, but not that good, whereas she gets better and better. ... Her early stuff wasn’t very good, but the poems after she left him – or perhaps it’s more accurate to say that she threw him out – were extraordinary. It’s funny when I reflect on back then, there were these two young poets I really liked, but at some point in those last few years, something shifted for her. What had happened was that Ted had gone on doing what he knew how to do, in a kind of slightly automatic way, whereas Sylvia had that one extraordinary year where she wrote non-stop. At that point she shot ahead.
 * Al Alvarez interviewed by Ted Hodgkinson Granta (22 March 2013)

 * Long after I had been reading her work I came across the recording of some of her poems she made in England not long before she died. I have never before learned anything from a poetry reading, unless the clothes, the beard, the girls, the poor or good condition of the poet can be considered a kind of knowledge. But I was taken aback by Sylvia Plath’s reading. It was not anything like I could have imagined. Not a trace of the modest, retreating, humorous Worcester, Massachusetts, of Elizabeth Bishop; nothing of the swallowed plain Pennsylvania of Marianne Moore. Instead these bitter poems—"Daddy," "Lady Lazarus," "The Applicant," "Fever 103°"—were "beautifully" read, projected in full-throated, plump, diction-perfect, Englishy, mesmerizing cadences, all round and rapid, and paced and spaced. Poor recessive Massachusetts had been erased. "I have done it again!" Clearly, perfectly, staring you down. She seemed to be standing at a banquet like Timon, crying, "Uncover, dogs, and lap!"
 * Elizabeth Hardwick "On Sylvia Plath" The New York Review of Books (August 12, 1971).
 * The recordings in London (by the BBC) date from 1962. "I have done it again!", is the opening line of Plath's "Lady Lazarus". The quote from Shakespeare's Timon of Athens is from Act 3, Scene 6

 * I believe that the consciousness from which creativity comes is this intensity of focus that is the result of practice. Sylvia Plath wrote exercise poems. Writing poetry is itself a form of exercise, a discipline as much as it is a calling and an art. And a discipline always asks for exercise.
 * Shirley Geok-lin Lim in Fooling with Words: A Celebration of Poets and Their Craft by Bill Moyers (1999)

 * And yet when we think of Plath's death at dawn in an indifferent London it is homely Massachusetts that somehow comes back into view. The idea of death far away from home has a special pathos; embedded in it is the fantasy that the foreign place contributed to the death, perhaps was even the cause of it. Foreignness is threatening, dangerous: if only he or she had stayed home and not drunk that water, not taken that ancient bus over the pass, never ventured into that evil café.
 * Janet Malcolm "The Silent Woman [part one"] The New Yorker (August 23, 1993)

 * The confessional poets like [Sylvia] Plath, whom I read later when they started calling me confessional, most of their stuff seemed contrived to me and not as greatly honest as it was touted to be.
 * Joni mitchell Interview (1997)

 * Plath is an indefatigable graphomaniac who could write as fervently of colds, fevers, nausea, cramps and nosepicking as of an idyllic honeymoon in Benidorm, Spain; she is an inspired hater, and thrills to malicious descriptions of long-forgotten, nameless individuals whose bad luck it was to live near her, or to have met her socially. Yet Plath was always a severe critic of her real work, and considered the journal a place in which she could reveal herself without the strictures of art.
 * Like piranhas devouring their prey, Plath's thoughts rush, churn, thresh -- there is sheer demonic energy here, exhausting to observe and suggesting that Plath's primary motive for suicide might have been the extinguishing of this piranha-voice.
 * Joyce Carol Oates "Raising Lady Lazarus" The New York Times (November 5, 2000)
 * From a review of The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath, 1950-1962 (New York: Anchor Books). Hughes habit of "nosepicking" is described as a "most unromantic penchant".

 * Anger has always played a role in poetry...What is relatively new for poetry is women expressing anger, which horrifies many readers because it is such an unfeminine thing for women to do. Women are supposed to be nice and courteous, and leave the violence to men. The anger in twentieth-century women’s poetry, beginning with Plath and continuing with Adrienne Rich and many others, especially Black women, has been thrillingly salutary, cleansing the air.
 * Alicia Ostriker Interview

 * back in those times, even though women were all infected with a yearning for a wild freedom, they continued outwardly to rub SOS on porcelain, using caustic cleansers, staying, as Sylvia Plath put it, "tied to their Bendix washing machines." There they washed and rinsed their clothes in water too hot for human touch and dreamed of a different world. When the instincts are injured, humans will "normalize" assault after assault, acts of injustice and destruction toward themselves, their offspring, their loved ones, their land, and even their Gods.
 * Clarissa Pinkola Estés Women Who Run with the Wolves: Myths and Stories of the Wild Woman Archetype (1996)

 * There is a tendency to see this mother-daughter relationship as the source of Sylvia Plath's early suicide attempt, her relentless perfectionism and obsession with "greatness." Yet the preface to Letters Home reveals a remarkable woman, a true survivor; it was Plath's father who set the example of self-destructiveness. The letters are far from complete and until many more materials are released, efforts to write Plath biography and criticism are questionable at best. But throughout runs her need to lay in her mother's lap, as it were, poems and prizes, books and babies, the longing for her mother when she is about to give birth, the effort to let Aurelia Plath know that her struggles and sacrifices to rear her daughter had been vindicated. In the last letters Sylvia seems to be trying to shield herself and Aurelia, an ocean away, from the pain of that "psychic osmosis."
 * Adrienne Rich Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution (1976)

 * With the bravado and despair of a young person, she tore apart the elegant poetic forms of the 1950s, and, using the raw language of everyday speech, she gave voice to the storms that raged inside her, thus freeing herself from the nightmarish visions that had long tormented her. In her novel The Bell Jar, she leads us into the dark corridors of the inner hell that led to her mental breakdown and brought her to the brink of her first attempt at suicide. It is a cruel, stifling world, whose black gates carry the inscription "no exit." Plath took the fact that she was the daughter of parents of German origin as the symbolic definition of her life. It was a fact that could neither be denied nor changed. In her poems, she called the father whom she loved, and who died when she was a child, a Nazi bastard. She, the Aryan child of the postwar generation, reimagined herself as symbolically Jewish, estranged, persecuted, rejected, and condemned.
 * Chava Rosenfarb Zweig, the German Language, and Suicide in Confessions of a Yiddish Writer and Other Essays, translated from the Yiddish with Goldie Morgentaler

Her friends say that the victim image foisted on to Plath in the 80s never really fitted the woman, that Hughes was madly in love with her (as his near-death publication of Birthday Letters showed), and that she and Hughes in fact had an unusually equal relationship; but that is not to deny that being a woman and a writer in the 50s was difficult.
 * In the 80s, Plath became a kind of feminist symbol of a victim, of what men can do to women; and the torment she endured is certainly part of the fascination for some. Not just in her life, or in her poetry, but after her death - since she was still legally married to Hughes, he inherited the Plath estate and was either careless with her work or protective of others' (and his own) feelings, depending on your view. He rearranged Plath's order of the poems in Ariel, for example, and added some of her bleakest at the end, such as Edge, which begins: "The woman is perfected./Her dead/Body wears the smile of accomplishment." Plath's order, on the other hand, was more hopeful - it began with the word "love" and ended with "spring". Hughes burned Plath's last journal, "lost" another, similarly "lost" an unfinished novel and instructed that a collection of Plath's papers should not be released until 2013.
 * Katharine Viner "Desperately seeking Sylvia" The Guardian (20 October 2003)

title: Sylvia Plath


text:
Henry Steele Commager

Henry Steele Commager (25 October 1902 – 2 March 1998) was an American historian and teacher.

Quotes

 * With the Sedition and Espionage Acts … the "red hysteria" of the Twenties, the Alien Registration Act of 1940, the loyalty tests and purges of the mid-Forties, the establishment of un-American Activities Committees, intolerance received, as it were, the stamp of official approval. Loyalty was identified with conformity, and the American genius, which had been experimental and even rebellious, was required to conform to a pattern.
 * The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880s (1950)

 * The greatest danger that threatens us is neither heterodox thought nor orthodox thought, but the absence of thought.
 * Freedom, Loyalty, Dissent (1954)

 * If government, or those in positions of power and authority, can silence criticism by the argument that such criticism might be misunderstood somewhere, there is an end to all criticism, and perhaps an end to our kind of political system. For men in authority will always think that criticism of their policies is dangerous. They will always equate their policies with patriotism, and find criticism subversive.
 * "The Problem of Dissent" in Saturday Review, Volume 48 (December 1965), p. 81; also read into the US Congressional Record (26 June 1969)

 * The Bill of Rights was not written to protect governments from trouble. It was written precisely to give the people the constitutional means to cause trouble for governments they no longer trusted.
 * Letter to the Editor, in The New York Times (1971)

Who is Loyal to America? (1947)

 * "Who is Loyal to America?", in Harper's Magazine, Vol. 195, No. 1168 (September 1947)

 * We are shocked when we see educators, timid before criticism and confused about first principles, betray their trust. And we wonder what can be that 'philosophy of education' which believes that young people can be trained to the duties of citizenship by wrapping their minds in cotton wool.

 * What is the new loyalty? It is, above all, conformity. It is the uncritical and unquestioning acceptance of America as it is — the political institutions, the social relationships, the economic practices. It rejects inquiry into the race question or socialized medicine, or public housing, or into the wisdom or validity of our foreign policy. It regards as particularly heinous any challenge to what is called "the system of private enterprise," identifying that system with Americanism. It abandons evolution, repudiates the once popular concept of progress, and regards America as a finished product, perfect and complete.

 * Who among American heroes could meet their tests, who would be cleared by their committees? Not Washington, who was a rebel. Not Jefferson, who wrote that all men are created equal and whose motto was "rebellion to tyrants is obedience to God." Not Garrison, who publicly burned the Constitution; or Wendell Phillips, who spoke for the underprivileged everywhere and counted himself a philosophical anarchist; not Seward of the Higher Law or Sumner of racial equality. Not Lincoln, who admonished us to have malice toward none, charity for all; or Wilson, who warned that our flag was "a flag of liberty of opinion as well as of political liberty"; or Justice Holmes, who said that our Constitution is an experiment and that while that experiment is being made "we should be eternally vigilant against attempts to check the expression of opinions that we loathe and believe to be fraught with death."

 * Who are those who are really disloyal? Those who inflame racial hatreds, who sow religious and class dissensions. Those who subvert the Constitution by violating the freedom of the ballot box. Those who make a mockery of majority rule by the use of the filibuster. Those who impair democracy by denying equal educational facilities. Those who frustrate justice by lynch law or by making a farce of jury trials. Those who deny freedom of speech and of the press and of assembly. Those who press for special favors against the interest of the commonwealth. Those who regard public office as a source of private gain. Those who would exalt the military over the civil. Those who for selfish and private purposes stir up national antagonisms and expose the world to the ruin of war.

 * The American people have a stake in the maintenance of the most thorough-going inquisition into American institutions. They have a stake in nonconformity, for they know that the American genius is nonconformist.

 * Independence was an act of revolution; republicanism was something new under the sun; the federal system was a vast experimental laboratory. Physically Americans were pioneers; in the realm of social and economic institutions, too, their tradition has been one of pioneering. From the beginning, intellectual and spiritual diversity have been as characteristic of America as racial and linguistic. The most distinctively American philosophies have been transcendentalism — which is the philosophy of the Higher Law and pragmatism — which is the philosophy of experimentation and pluralism. These two principles are the very core of Americanism: the principle of the Higher Law, or of obedience to the dictates of conscience rather than of statutes, and the principle of pragmatism, or the rejection of a single good and of the notion of a finished universe. From the beginning Americans have known that there were new worlds to conquer, new truths to be discovered. Every effort to confine Americanism to a single pattern, to constrain it to a single formula, is disloyalty to everything that is valid in Americanism.

Freedom, Loyalty, Dissent (1954)
New York, NY, Oxford University Press, 1967

 * Freedom in not a luxury that we can indulge in when at last we have security and prosperity and enlightenment; it is, rather, antecedent to all of these, for without it we can have neither security nor prosperity nor enlightenment.
 * pp. vii - viii

 * This approach emphasizes what was once familiar enough to all Americans—and what we are now in danger of forgetting—that government derives its power from men; that rights of life and liberty are inalienable; that these rights are not something that government graciously confers upon men, but things no government can take away from men.
 * p. 5

 * If the preservation of our freedom depends upon the courts then we are, indeed, lost, for in the long run neither courts nor Constitution can save us from our own errors, follies, or wickedness.
 * p. 6

 * Uncertain of principles, we fall back on emotion; unfamiliar with the past, we are afraid of the future. Increasingly we look to men, ideas, and institutions not from the point of view of how they work, but from the point of view of how they ought to work…
 * p. 11

 * If you are going to penalize disloyalty, you must first determine what loyalty is; if you are going to silence nonconformity, you must determine what conformity is—and to what it conforms.
 * p. 15

 * The most effective censorship is not, in fact, legal; in a democracy—as Tocqueville pointed out in Democracy in America—it is public opinion.
 * p. 15

 * We do not protect freedom in order to indulge error. We protect freedom in order to discover truth.
 * p. 18

 * By insisting upon conformity in the intellectual arena and by threatening with disapproval all those who dissent or who give us unpopular advice, we are in danger of following the totalitarian philosophy—and the totalitarian mistakes.
 * p. 34

 * We must therefore look with grave misgivings upon the psychology of the ‘crusade’ or on the notion that we can make the world over in our own image either by persuasion or by coercion.
 * pp. 70-71

 * There are limits on liberty, as there are limits on authority. The broad principle of those limits is generally recognized and accepted; no liberties may be exercised so as to injure others or injure the community.
 * p. 77

 * A nation that silences or intimidates original minds is left only with unoriginal minds and cannot hope to hold its own in the competition of peace or of war.
 * p. 80

 * The fact is that censorship always defeats its own purpose, for it creates, in the end, the kind of society that is incapable of exercising real discretion,… In the long run it will create a generation incapable of appreciating the difference between independence of thought and subservience.
 * p. 82, p. 88

 * The search for subversives results in the intimidation of the independent, the original, the imaginative, and the experimental-minded… It discourages the discussion of controversial matters in the classroom, for such discussion may be reported, or misreported, and cause trouble.
 * p. 88

 * We should not forget that our tradition is one of protest and revolt, and it is stultifying to celebrate the rebels of the past—Jefferson and Paine, Emerson and Thoreau—while we silence the rebels of the present.
 * p. 147

 * But if our democracy is to flourish it must have criticism, if our government is to function it must have dissent. Only totalitarian governments insist upon conformity and they—as we know—do so at their peril.
 * p. 153

 * Loyalty… is a realization that America was born of revolt, flourished in dissent, became great through experimentation.
 * p. 154

title: Henry Steele Commager


text:
User talk:24.19.37.156

Packphour
I see that you are the creator of an article with this title. The article is in the process of being deleted, because pages about oneself do not belong in the main quote article area (where they are referred to as "vanity" pages). However, they are perfectly acceptable, and even encouraged, as User pages. To create a proper User page for yourself, you should first create a login ID and password. ("Packphour" would seem to be a logical ID. ☺) Once you are logged in, you will see a small head-and-shoulders icon and your login ID at the top of any Wikiquote page. Clicking on your ID there will start an edit for your User page.

Thank you for participating in Wikiquote! — Jeff Q (talk) 04:51, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

title: User talk:24.19.37.156


text:
Category:Transwiki

Articles in these subcategories are being moved into Wikiquote or should be moved to another Wiki project. For detailed instructions on how to use the Transwiki process, see Help:Transwiki.

title: Category:Transwiki


text:
Category:Move to Wikisource

These articles should be moved to Wikisource, as they contain complete works. For detailed instructions on how to use the Transwiki process, see Help:Transwiki.

title: Category:Move to Wikisource


text:
Category:Move to Wikipedia

These articles should be moved to Wikipedia, as they are not quotations, but rather encyclopedic text. For detailed instructions on how to use the Transwiki process, see Help:Transwiki.

title: Category:Move to Wikipedia


text:
Category:Move to Wiktionary

These articles should be moved to Wiktionary, as they contain not quotations, but dictionary definitions (dicdefs). For detailed instructions on how to use the Transwiki process, see Help:Transwiki.

title: Category:Move to Wiktionary


text:
Category:Move into Wikiquote

These articles have been transferred to Wikiquote from other Wiki projects because they contain quotations. Please follow the Transwiki process to move or incorporate them into the Wikiquote article space. For detailed instructions on how to use the Transwiki process, see Help:Transwiki.

title: Category:Move into Wikiquote


text:
Category talk:Transwiki

Templates and categories for Transwiki
I've taken the liberty of creating some templates and categories to help direct Transwiki activities. The following categories have been created: Anyone wishing to participate in Transwiki work need only look at the contents of these categories, grouped under Category:Transwiki (which itself is in Category:Wikiquote cleanup), to see what needs to be done.
 * Category:Move into Wikiquote (incoming articles)
 * Category:Move to Wikipedia
 * Category:Move to Wikisource
 * Category:Move to Wikibooks
 * Category:Move to Wiktionary
 * Category:Move to other project

To make it easy to stamp incoming and outgoing articles, I've also created the following templates: The Wikiquote template is important, because many articles coming from other projects already have this template in them. By having one here as well, we get inclusion in the "Move into Wikiquote" category and a nice message in the article that explains what needs to be done. The other three are modelled on templates from Wikipedia, so that when we send articles out, we can return the tagging favor. (I don't think Wikipedia has implemented incoming tags yet, possibly because almost all Transwiki activity in Wikipedia is outbound. But we can give them the tags in case they decide to implement them!)
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *
 *

We still need to have some instructions and links to describe the Transwiki process. (I'll be darned if I can remember how I stumbled onto this maintenance work.) For the moment, I've left placeholder text to remind us to provide this as soon as practical. (The text messages in the templates could use some sprucing up, too, like a nice shaded box.) — Jeff Q (talk) 05:58, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Neat. Thank you for those new categories and templates. Since we have many transwikied artrcles it would be very helpful. A nice instruction page might be great. --Aphaia 07:22, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * I hope to move over or link to some instructions from Wikipedia and Transwiki tonight — after a long sleep and some time for non-cyberspace chores. ☺ — Jeff Q (talk) 07:48, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)

 * Well, it took me a few more days than I'd anticipated, but I created Help:Transwiki to provide detailed instructions on both the incoming and outgoing process. Give it a spin.
 * Also, I've added two more categories and templates to the above set. (I don't normally like to edit anything but typos out of my previous Talk page comments, but the lists above are good for quick reference, and there are no anachronistic comments yet posted here.) "Wikibooks" is obvious; "other project" is used to catch any other wiki projects, including non-English projects. This system isn't really scaleable otherwise. In fact, I'm raising the issue below that we might not need more than an incoming and outgoing category. Please take a look at that, too. — Jeff Q (talk) 06:40, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Problem pages
Two transwiki pages that I've tagged with refuse to show up in the category page: I can discern nothing different between these two and the four remaining pages that are similarly tagged, that do show up. Anyone have any ideas why these two pages refuse to show up when the others have no problems? — Jeff Q (talk) 07:45, 4 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * Transwiki:Nolite te bastardes carborundorum
 * Transwiki:Men can do all things if they will

Different categories for different projects
When I started created transwiki templates and categories, I created different ones for moving to different wiki projects, thinking that someone may feel comfortable moving articles into one project and not another. It also has the side benefit, which I hadn't realized at the time, of making it possible to start a reciprocal practice with the other wikis to use a standardized template,  , that each project could replace with appropriate text, so that incoming articles would automatically display the new project's text and place into a project-defined category. For instance, no matter how each project configures their transwiki stuff, if they use a   template for articles coming here, they're automatically grouped in our designated place, with our text displayed at the top when they get here.

The downside is that it requires a separate template and category for every other wikiproject, which isn't scaleable. I figured that anything outside the most common ones could be grouped under Category:Transwiki directly, using a   template.

It occurred to me belatedly that the step of moving articles into a new project's Transwiki: namespace was specifically to avoid having to learn that project's standards. It's up to them to edit and format the material to make it acceptable for their use, so perhaps there's really no need to feel more uncomfortable for one project than another. Each project's transwiki log is reached the same way. The only issues might be whether one has a login for the new project (but only if one wants credit for moving the page) and whether one speaks the language (for non-English projects).

The question then is, should we use more than one outgoing category/template? — Jeff Q (talk) 06:44, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

"Transwiki candidates" list
When I first tried to envision the complete outbound transwiki process for Wikiquote (for which I had no examples at the time), I thought it would be useful to have a separate Transwiki candidates list, so people who weren't used to adding categories would have a simple, recognizable way to nominate an article for transwiki. Having just completed a set of instructions for Wikiquote transwikis (Help:Transwiki), I realized that I thought adding one of the   templates was so easy that I completely forgot to provide instructions on the list-based alternative. I'm thinking now that we can just do away with the list, just as we aren't using Speedy deletions anymore except for instructions. Not only has "Transwiki candidates" not even been used yet (so no one will miss it), but all the instructions are in one place at "Help:Transwiki". If nobody has any objections, I'll do a speedy delete in a few days (if I'm not beaten to it). — Jeff Q (talk) 06:47, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)

Speedy delete old articles?
Transwiki is clear that one can delete an article on its way out of a project, but some (like Wikiquote) have been creating links to the new project from within the old article. Do we want to: I get the feeling that they haven't really addressed all this stuff at Meta:Transwiki yet, so we may be on the forefront of formalizing some practices here. — Jeff Q (talk) 06:59, 8 Apr 2005 (UTC)
 * 1) Just delete the article? It's safe (history recorded on transwikied page; can always undelete), but there may be good reasons to either maintain a link or provide a redirect. (Meta's Transwiki page is self-contradicting on this issue, as it says you can delete an outgoing page, but you must keep redirects from the incoming transwiki article because of possible redirects from the orignal project, which shouldn't exist if the original articles are deleted. See Keeping Transwiki articles forever? for my thus-far unanswered question about this contradiction.)
 * 2) Create a link to the main project page? It's a reasonable compromise between outright deletion and redirecting either to a transwiki page that will eventually not exist or a not-yet-existing main-namespace page in the new project. (As I understand it, Kalki did this for many speeches going to Wikisource, largely because he had a considerable number of articles to transwiki while he was the only active admin. I'm sure the aforementioned ambiguity didn't help.) However, as Rmhermen pointed out, the resulting article doesn't provide what it claims (i.e., quotes), and it gives the impression that Wikiquote "officially" doesn't want a proper article with this title.
 * 3) Create a link to the new transwiki page? That is, after reducing the article to a stub or extracting some sample quotes from the transwikied article. This would provide a link to the old information, which might still be useful, but not prevent people from adding quotes. (For example, someone might want to grab a quote or two from a speech while that speech was sitting in Wikisource's Transwiki: area. If there was an "External links" section that had an entry for this transwiki article, this would be easy to do.) This is what Meta:Transwiki seems (to me, at least) to be implying that people processing incoming transwikis should be watching out for, when they talk about preserving the "link chain" from the old projects. Unless I misread that material, finishing a transwiki process should include checking on links or redirects coming from the old project to the transwiki article, so that they may be eliminated or updated to point to the new, proper article. If that's true, then the old Wikiquote article's "External links" entry would be updated by the new project's editor when they complete the transwiki operation.
 * I favor just deleting - our articles are supposed to be pages of quotes, not access to other project's articles. I think having the redirect in some cases may discourage people from creating quote pages that may be useful. Rmhermen 20:06, 2 May 2005 (UTC)

 * The latest pass on this issue is at Help talk:Transwiki, where it is proposed to use the first approach listed above: just delete the article after transwiki is complete. This defies Meta policy, but is common practice among the wiki projects. It also breaks links from the originating project, but a conscientious transwiki editor can still perform the link fixes before speedy deletion if desired. Please post your comments at Help:Transwiki. — Jeff Q (talk) 00:34, 10 July 2005 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Transwiki