text:
User:Egm6341.s10.Team4.riherd

Mark Riherd

pmriherd@gmail.com

= 7.6 - Hermite-Simpson Integration of Coupled ODE's =

Given
This is a flight control problem. The dynamics of flight are well documented and will not be described in detail here.

General Method:

By using collocation to force our Hermite-Simpson interpolation to exactly solve the given ODE's at the mid point $$ \displaystyle z_{i+1/2}$$, we find that our time stepping method takes the form

$$ \displaystyle \mathbf{z_{i+1}}-\mathbf{z_{i}}=\frac{\tfrac{h}{2}}{3}(\mathbf{f_i}+4\mathbf{f_{i+1/2}+\mathbf{f_{i_1}}})$$

Additionally, using our interpolation $$ \displaystyle \mathbf{f_{i+1/2}}=\tfrac{1}{2}(\mathbf{z_i}+\mathbf{z_{i=1}}+\tfrac{h}{8}(\mathbf{f_i}-\mathbf{f_{i+1}}))$$.

However, no exact solution exists in order to determine $$ \displaystyle \mathbf{z_{i+1}}$$. Given $$ \displaystyle \mathbf{z_{i}}$$, the Newton-Rhapson method can be employed in order to find $$ \displaystyle \mathbf{z_{i+1}}$$. By converting $$ \displaystyle \mathbf{z_{i+1}}-\mathbf{z_{i}}=\frac{h}{6}(\mathbf{f_i}+4\mathbf{f_{i+1/2}+\mathbf{f_{i_1}}})$$ to $$ \displaystyle \mathbf{F(z_i,z_{i+1})}=\mathbf{0} $$, the Newton-Rhapson method takes the form

$$ \displaystyle \mathbf{z_{i+1}^{k+1}}=\mathbf{z_{i+1}^{k}}- \begin{bmatrix}\mathbf{\frac{dF(z_i,z_{i+1}^{k})}{dz_{i+1}}}\end{bmatrix}^{-1}\mathbf{F(z_i,z_{i+1}^{k})} $$

where

$$ \displaystyle \mathbf{F(z_i,z_{i+1})}= \mathbf{z_{i+1}}-\mathbf{z_{i}}- \frac{h}{6}(\mathbf{f_i}+4\mathbf{f_{i+1/2}+\mathbf{f_{i_1}}})=0 $$

Equations of Motion:

Let

$$ \displaystyle \begin{bmatrix} z \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} x \\ y \\ v \\ \gamma\end{bmatrix}$$

The equations of motion that we are concerned with are

$$ \displaystyle \begin{bmatrix} \dot{z} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} \dot{x} \\ \dot{y} \\ \dot{v} \\ \dot{\gamma} \end{bmatrix} = \begin{bmatrix} v cos \gamma \\ v sin \gamma \\ \frac{1}{m}((T-D) cos \alpha - L sin \alpha - g sin \gamma)\\ \frac{T-D}{m}sin \alpha+\frac{L}{mv}cos \alpha -\frac{g}{v}cos \gamma \end{bmatrix} $$

The physical parameters for which we will solve using are

$$ \displaystyle D=\tfrac{1}{2}C_d\rho v^2 S_{ref} $$

$$ \displaystyle L=\tfrac{1}{2}C_l\rho v^2 S_{ref} $$

where

$$ \displaystyle C_d=a_1\alpha^2+a_2\alpha+a_3 $$

$$ \displaystyle C_l=b_1\alpha+b_2 $$

$$ \displaystyle \rho=c_1y^2+c_2y+c_3 $$

$$ \displaystyle a_1=-1.9431 \tfrac{1}{rad^2}$$

$$ \displaystyle a_2=-0.1499 \tfrac{1}{rad}$$

$$ \displaystyle a_3=0.2359 $$

$$ \displaystyle b_1=21.9 \tfrac{1}{rad}$$

$$ \displaystyle b_2=0.0 $$

$$ \displaystyle c_1=3.312E-9 \tfrac{kg}{m}$$

$$ \displaystyle c_2=-1.142E-4 \tfrac{kg}{m^2}$$

$$ \displaystyle c_3=1.224 \tfrac{kg}{m^3}$$

The initial conditions are

$$ \displaystyle x(t=0)=0.0 m$$

$$ \displaystyle y(t=0)=30.0 m $$

$$ \displaystyle v(t=0)=272.0 \tfrac{m}{s}$$

$$ \displaystyle \gamma(t=0)=0.0 rad $$

The flight is controlled using the angle of attack and the thrust, which are shown below

Find
We are asked to determine x,y,v, and \gamma using the Hermite-Simpson/Newton-Rhapson Method and then verify this with MATLAB's ode solver ode45.

Solution
In performing this analysis, we see that our Jacobian, $$ \displaystyle |\mathbf{\tfrac{dF}{dz_{i+1}}}|$$ can be described as

$$ \displaystyle \mathbf{\frac{dF(z_{i},z_{i+1})}{dz_{i+1}}}= \mathbf{\frac{dz_{i+1}}{dz_{i+1}}}-\mathbf{\frac{dz_{i}}{dz_{i+1}}}+ \frac{h}{6}(\mathbf{\frac{df_{i}}{dz_{i+1}}}+4\mathbf{\frac{df_{i+1/2}}{dz_{i+1}}}+ \mathbf{\frac{df_{i+1}}{dz_{i+1}}})$$

Using the interpolation for z_{i+1/2} as a function of z_{i} and z_{i+1} described above, this becomes

$$ \displaystyle \mathbf{\frac{dF(z_{i},z_{i+1})}{dz_{i+1}}}= \mathbf{\frac{dz_{i+1}}{dz_{i+1}}}-\mathbf{\frac{dz_{i}}{dz_{i+1}}}+ \frac{h}{6}(\mathbf{\frac{df_{i}}{dz_{i+1}}}+4\mathbf{\frac{df_{i+1/2}}{dz_{i+1/2}}\frac{dz_{i+1/2/2}}{dz_{i+1}}}+ \mathbf{\frac{df_{i+1}}{dz_{i+1}}})$$

In evaluating this equation, our Jacobian can be described as

$$ \displaystyle \mathbf{\frac{dF(z_{i},z_{i+1})}{dz_{i+1}}}= \mathbf{I}- \frac{h}{6}(3\mathbf{I}-\frac{h}{2}\mathbf{\frac{df_{i+1}}{dz_{i+1}}}) \mathbf{\frac{df_{i+1}}{dz_{i+1}}}$$

Thus, as long as $$ \displaystyle \tfrac{df}{dz} $$ can be calculated, the Jacobian can be found.

The obvious next step is to calculate $$ \displaystyle \tfrac{df}{dz} $$. The full expansion of $$ \displaystyle \tfrac{df}{dz} $$ can be seen to be

$$ \displaystyle

\frac{\mathbf{df}}{\mathbf{dz}}= \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 0 & cos(\gamma) & -v sin(\gamma) \\ 0 & 0 & sin(\gamma) & v cos(\gamma) \\ 0 & \frac{1}{m}(-\frac{dD}{dy}cos\alpha -\frac{dL}{dy}cos\alpha)& \frac{1}{m}(-\frac{dD}{dv}cos\alpha -\frac{dv}{dy}cos\alpha & \frac{1}{m}(-gcos\gamma)\\ 0 & \frac{1}{mv}(\frac{dD}{dy}sin\alpha+\frac{dL}{dy}cos\alpha)& -\frac{T}{mv^2}sin\alpha -\frac{1}{m}\frac{d}{dv}(\frac{D}{v})cos\alpha+\frac{1}{m}\frac{d}{dv}(\frac{L}{v})cos\alpha+\frac{g}{v^2}cos\gamma & \frac{g}{v}sin\gamma\\ \end{bmatrix}

$$

In performing the evaluations we can see that the two forms of numerical integration produce a very similar output.

Source Codes

Main Program

Calculate the Jacobian

Calculate f

Function for ode 45 to use

= 7.12 - Manipulation of Elliptical Integration =

Given
$$ \displaystyle C=a\int_{t=0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+e^2cos^2t} dt $$

Find
We are asked to show that $$ \displaystyle C=a\int_{t=0}^{2\pi}\sqrt{1+e^2cos^2t} dt =4 a\int_{t=0}^{\tfrac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1+e^2sin^2\alpha} d\alpha $$

Solution
Let $$ \displaystyle t=cos^{-1}(sin\alpha)$$ and $$ \displaystyle dt=cos\alpha\frac{1}{\sqrt{1-sin^2\alpha}}d\alpha=cos\alpha\frac{1}{cos\alpha}d\alpha=d\alpha $$.

Putting this into our equation,

$$ \displaystyle C = a \int_{t=0}^{2\pi} \sqrt{1+e^2 sin^2 \alpha} d\alpha $$

The function $$ \displaystyle \sqrt{1+e^2 sin^2 \alpha}$$ is periodic over a period of $$ \displaystyle \pi$$ and in this period the function is even around the point $$ \displaystyle \alpha=\tfrac{\pi}{2}$$. Thus, by symmetry, this integral can be broken up into 4 parts of equal magnitude such that

$$ \displaystyle C= 4 a\int_{t=0}^{\tfrac{\pi}{2}}\sqrt{1+e^2sin^2\alpha} d\alpha $$

= 6.6 - Inversion of Local Domain Transformation =

Given
In using our Hermit interpolation we use the transformation from $$ \displaystyle t \epsilon [t_i,t_{i+1}]$$ to $$ \displaystyle s  \epsilon [0,1]$$ using the transformation $$ \displaystyle t(s)=(1-s)t_i+st_{i+1}$$

Find
We are asked to invert this transformation from the form of $$ \displaystyle t=t(s)$$ to $$ \displaystyle s=s(t)$$

Solution
Inverting this transformation to find s in terms of t is a simple algebra problem.

$$ \displaystyle t=(1-s)t_i+st_{i+1} $$

$$ \displaystyle t=t_i+s(t_{i+1}-t_{i}) $$

$$ \displaystyle s=\frac{t-t_{i}}{t_{i+1}-t_{i}} $$

= 5.6 - Evaluation of d2i =

Given
The hyperbolic cotangent is defined as $$ \displaystyle\ coth(x)=\frac{cosh(x)}{sin(x)}=\frac{e^x+e^{-x}}{e^x-e^{-x}}. $$.

The function $$ \displaystyle\ f(x)=xcosh(x)=\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}\frac{2^{2i}B_{2i}}{(2i)!}x^{2i}$$, where Bi are the Bernoulli numbers.

Find
We are asked to verify the values of di for i=2,4, and 6, where di is the constant $$ \displaystyle\ d_{2i}=\frac{-B_{2i}}{(2i)!}$$. This is done previously given the values d2=-1/12, d4=1/720 and d6=-1/30240.

We are also asked to determine the values of d8 and d10.

Additionally, we are asked to compare these values of di to another relationship for di used in our error of the trapezoidal rule, where $$ \displaystyle\ d_{2i}=\frac{p_{2i}(1)}{2^{2i}}$$.

Solution
Expanding cosh(x) and sinh(x) in terms of the exponential function and then expanding those exponential functions as series around the point x=0, we see that

$$ \displaystyle\ f(x)=xcosh(x)=\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}-2^{2i}d_{2i}x^{2i}$$

$$ \displaystyle\ cosh(x)=1+\frac{1}{2}x^2-\frac{1}{24}x^4+\frac{1}{720}x^6+\frac{1}{40320}x^8+\frac{1}{3628800}x^{10}+...$$

$$ \displaystyle\ sinh(x)=x+\frac{1}{6}x^3+\frac{1}{120}x^5+\frac{1}{5040}x^7+\frac{1}{362880}x^9+\frac{1}{39916800}x^{11}+...$$

Substituting all of this into the function $$ \displaystyle\ f(x)=xcosh(x)$$, we see that

$$ \displaystyle\ f(x)=\frac{x+\frac{1}{2}x^3-\frac{1}{24}x^5+\frac{1}{720}x^7+\frac{1}{40320}x^9+\frac{1}{3628800}x^{11}...}{x+\frac{1}{6}x^3+\frac{1}{120}x^5+\frac{1}{5040}x^7+\frac{1}{362880}x^9+\frac{1}{39916800}x^{11}+...}$$

Performing the appropriate polynomial division (which will not be shown here due to length and no clear way to show long division in Latex), we see that

$$ \displaystyle\ f(x)=xcosh(x)=1+\frac{1}{3}x^2-\frac{1}{45}x^4+\frac{2}{975}x^6-\frac{1}{4725}x^8+\frac{2}{93555}x^{10}-... $$

This series expansion of xcoth(x) in hand, we are able to determine the values of $$ \displaystyle\ 2^{2i}d_{2i} $$ to be -

Additionally, we are asked to calculate d2i using a definition given by the polynomial functions defined in our trapezoidal error analysis, where $$ \displaystyle\ d_{2i}=\frac{p_{2i}(1)}{2^{2i}}$$.

From analysis done in class and coefficients as given by Kessler, P. (Trapezoidal Rule Error, http://www.mechanicaldust.com/UCB/math128a/extrap.pdf, 2008), we know that

$$ \displaystyle\ p_2(t)=-\frac{t^2}{2}+\frac{1}{6}, p_2(1)=-\frac{1}{3}$$

$$ \displaystyle\ p_4(t)=-\frac{t^4}{24}+\frac{t^2}{12}-\frac{7}{360}, p_4(1)=\frac{1}{45}$$

$$ \displaystyle\ p_6(t)=-\frac{t^6}{720}+\frac{t^4}{144}-\frac{7t^2}{720}+\frac{31}{15120}, p_6(1)=-\frac{2}{945}$$

$$ \displaystyle\ p_8(t)=-\frac{t^8}{40320}+\frac{t^6}{4320}-\frac{7t^4}{8640}+\frac{31t^2}{30240}-\frac{127}{604800}, p_8(1)=\frac{1}{4725} $$

$$ \displaystyle\ p_{10}=-\frac{t^10}{3628800}+\frac{t^8}{241920}-\frac{7t^6}{259200}+\frac{31t^4}{362880}-\frac{127t^2}{1209600}+\frac{73}{3421440}, p_{10}(t)=\frac{-2}{93555} $$

With these coefficients in hand, we are able to calculate the values for d2i using the formula as given above relating p2i(1) and d2i.

Comparing these values, we see that the formulas given to find d2i are consistent with each other.

= Problem 4.9 =

Given
We have been given various integration methods thus far throughout the class, we are now asked to compare their efficiency and accuracy.

Find
We are asked to compare the second column of the Rhomberg Table (T1(n)) to the Composite Simpson's Rule, and derive any relationship that exists.

We are asked to integrate the function $$ \displaystyle\ f(x)=\frac{exp(x)-1}{x}$$ over the interval $$ \displaystyle\ x \epsilon [0,1]$$ using the following methods and to compare the computational cost as a function of run-time -
 * Composite Trapezoidal (optimized)
 * Composite Simpson's Rule
 * Rhomberg Interpolation
 * chebfun sum command - a function that uses Chebyshev polynomials to integrate
 * the matlab functions trapz, quad, and clencurt.

Solution
For the first three methods, pre-existing codes written by the authors were used in order to evaluate the computational time required to perform the integration. For the Rhomberg Extrapolation, the computation time was determine by the time required to compute T0(n) plus the time to perform the extrapolation.

When the Simpson's Rule and T1 (Richardsen Extrapolation) are compared to each other, the results are identical out to all of the significant digits calculated, thus we believe that the two are equivalents processes. Furthermore,

$$ \displaystyle T_1(2n)=\frac{4T_0(2n)-T_0(n)}{4-1}$$

Breaking this into $$ \displaystyle T_0(n)=\frac{h}{2}(\frac{1}{2}f_0+f_1+f_2+...\frac{1}{2}f_n$$ and $$ \displaystyle T_0(n/2)=h(\frac{1}{2}f_0+f_2+f_4+...\frac{1}{2}f_n$$ we can see that $$ \displaystyle T_1(n)=\frac{h}{6}(f_0+4f_1+2f_2+4f_3+f_n)$$, which is equal to the Simpson's Rule for 2n points.

For the Trapezoidal Rule and Rhomberg Extrapolation

For the Simpson's Rule

For Matlab functions and chebshev

= Problem 4.10 =

Find
We are asked to integrate the function $$ \displaystyle\ f(x)=\frac{1}{1+x^2}$$ over the interval $$ \displaystyle\ x \epsilon [-5,5]$$ using the following methods and to compare the computational cost as a function of run-time -
 * Composite Trapezoidal (optimized)
 * Composite Simpson's Rule
 * Rhomberg Interpolation
 * chebfun sum command - a function that uses Chebyshev polynomials to integrate
 * the matlab functions trapz, quad, and clencurt.

Solution
Operating in the same manner as above, only for a different $$ \displaystyle f(x)$$ and bounds of integration.

For the Trapezoidal and Rhomberg Extrapolation

For the Composite Simpson's Rule

For the Matlab functions

= Problem 3.last=

Given
Rhomberg interpolation for the composite trapezoidal rule is defined as $$ \displaystyle\ T_k(n)=\frac{2^{2k}T_{k-1}(2n)-T_{k-1}(n)}{2^{2k}-1}$$

Find
We are asked to develop an efficient code that calculates and determines the efficiency of Rhomberg interpolation and compares it to the results to the Taylor Series integration method, using the function $$ \displaystyle\ f(x)=\frac{e^x-1}{x}$$.

Solution
The method for applying the trapezoidal rule has been well defined in previous work, thus it will not be shown again here.

The Rhomberg interpolation is described above, thus we will move right to out results.

In performing the Rhomberg interpolation, we found that with each additional interpolation of the composite trapezoidal series, an additional level of accuracy was obtained, with a linear return on the level of interpolation. However, even with this increased convergence to the exact solution, Rhomberg interpolation still does not converge nearly as quickly as the Taylor Series approximation of this integral does.

Thus, while the Rhomberg interpolation technique is helpful, the Taylor series method still converges much more quickly as a method of numerical integration.

Figure - Error of Various Integration Methods as a Function of the Number of Sub-Intervals Integrated Over

Code to run calculations -

= Problem 2.6 =

Given
We know that E(x) is defined as $$ \displaystyle\ E(x)=f(x)-f_n(x)$$.

Find
We are asked to show that the $$(n+1)^{th}$$ derivative of our error $$ \displaystyle\ E(x)=f(x)-f_n(x)$$ is $$\displaystyle\ E^{(n+1)}(x)=f^{(n+1)}(x)$$.

Solution
Assuming that $$ \displaystyle\ f_n(x)$$ is n+1 times differentiable, then $$ \displaystyle\ E_n^{(n+1)}(x)=f^{(n+1)}(x)-f_n^{(n+1)}(x)$$.

Let us assume because $$ \displaystyle\ f_n(x) \epsilon P_n$$, $$ \displaystyle\ f_n(x)$$ takes the form $$ \displaystyle\ f_n(x)=a_nx^n+a_{n-1}x^{n-1}+...+a_1x+a_0$$.

We also know that $$ \displaystyle\ f_n(x) \epsilon P_n $$. Taking the $$n^{th}$$ derivative of $$ \displaystyle\ f_n(x)$$, we see that $$ \displaystyle\ f^{(n)}_n(x)=(n!)a_n$$, a constant. Taking the $$(n+1)^{th}$$ derivative of $$ \displaystyle\ f_n(x)$$, we see that $$ \displaystyle\ f^{(n+1)}_n(x)=0$$.

Substituting this back into our equation for $$ \displaystyle\ E^{(n+1)}_n(x)$$, we see that $$ \displaystyle\ E^{(n+1)}(x)=f^{(n+1)}-f^{(n+1)}_n(x)=f^{(n+1)}(x)-(0)=f^{(n+1)}(x)$$.

=Problem 2.12=

Given
$$ \displaystyle\ \alpha(t)=\int_{-t}^{t} f(x(t'))dt'$$ where $$ \displaystyle\ f(x(t))=F(t)$$.

Find
Show that $$ \displaystyle\ \alpha(t)=F(-t)+F(t) $$.

Solution
We are asked to show that for $$ \displaystyle\ \alpha(t)=\int_{-t}^{t} f(x(t'))dt'=\int_{-t}^{t} F(t')dt',\alpha^{(1)}(t)=F(-t)+F(t)$$, where $$ \displaystyle\ f(x(t))=F(t)$$.

Using The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus (Second Part), we know that for some differentiable function $$ \displaystyle\ G(t)$$ with with derivative $$ \displaystyle\ g(t)=G'(t)$$, $$ \displaystyle\ \int_a^b g(t)dt=G(b)-G(a)$$.

Allowing $$ \displaystyle\ f(x(t))=F(t)$$ and $$ \displaystyle\ G'(t)=F(t)$$, then $$ \displaystyle\ \alpha(t)=\int_{-t}^{t} F(t')dt'=G(t)-G(-t)$$.

If the derivative of $$ \displaystyle \alpha $$ is now taken, the $$ \displaystyle\ \alpha^{(1)}(t)=\frac{d}{dt}(G(t)-G(-t))=G'(t)+G'(-t)$$.

Substituting in our definitions $$ \displaystyle\ F(t)=G'(t)$$ we see that

$$ \displaystyle\ \alpha^{(1)}(t)=F(-t)+F(t) $$.

= Homework #1 =

Problem 1.8
We are asked to evaluate the integral $$\int_0^1 f(x)dx$$ for which $$f(x)=\frac{e^x-1}{x}$$ using an approximation of $$f(x)$$ using Taylor Series, and also using the trapezoidal rule and Simpson's Rule.

Taylor Series

The function $$e^x$$ can be approximated using Taylor series to find that $$e^x=\displaystyle\sum_{i=0}^{\infty}\frac{x^i}{i!}.$$ Inserting this into our function, $$f(x)$$, and simplifying the expression, we find that $$f(x)=\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{x^{(i-1)}}{i!}.$$ While this form of our function, $$f(x)$$, presents an exact solution, we need to truncate this in order to solve it numerically. Therefore, let $$f_n(x)$$ be our approximation of $$f(x)$$ and let $$f_n(x)=\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^{n}\frac{x^{(i-1)}}{i!}.$$ This function, $$f_n(x)$$ is able to be integrated analytically, when $$\displaystyle\ \int_0^1 \frac{e^x-1}{x}dx=\sum_{i=1}^{\infty}\frac{x^{i}}{(i!)i}$$ the results of that are presented below in Table 1.8.1.

While $$f_n(x)$$ can be integrated numerically, it still has some degree of error because it is only an approximation of $$f(x)$$. The error in this approximation can be analyzed by integrating the remainder of $$f_n(x)$$, where $$R \displaystyle\ _{n}(x)=f(x)-f_n(x)=\frac{x^{n}}{(n+1)!}exp(\xi),$$ for some $$\displaystyle\ \xi   \epsilon   [0,x] $$.

Integrating the remainder of our function, $$ f(x)$$, we come to see that our error is $$ \displaystyle\ E_n=I-I_n=\int_0^1 [f(x)-f_n(x)]dx=\int_0^1 \frac{x^n}{(n+1)}exp(\xi)dx$$. This can be evaluated to find that $$ \displaystyle\ E_n=exp(\xi)\frac{1}{(n+1)!(n+1)} $$. Thus, our maximum error using the Taylor series is $$ \displaystyle\ E_{n,max}=\max|exp(\xi)|\frac{1}{(n+1)!(n+1)} $$. The results of this are also shown in Figure 1.8.1 below.

Trapezoidal Rule

The trapezoidal rule is a method of numerical integration that uses linear interpolation between two points in order to calculate the area under a given curve, $$f(x)$$.

For two points on a curve, where x=a,b. The trapezoidal rule can be expressed as $$\displaystyle\ I_1=\int_a^b f_n(x)dx =\frac{b-a}{2}(f(a)+f(b)).$$

For n+1 number of points, the domain of $$ \displaystyle\ x \epsilon [a,b] $$ can be broken up into n segments of equal length, h, and the trapezoidal rule works our such that $$ \displaystyle\ I_n=\frac{h}{2}(f_0+2f_1+2f_2+...+2f_{n-1}+f_n)$$, where $$\displaystyle\ f_i=f(x_i)$$.

For the case that $$f(x)=\frac{e^x-1}{x}$$, results of this method are shown below in Table 1.8.1.

The error of this case, based on the result of using the Taylor series approximation of f(x) for a large value of n, is also available in Table 1.8.1 below.

Simpsons Rule

Whereas the trapezoidal rule uses a linear method of interpolation, Simpson's Rule uses a 2nd order polynomial to determine the area under a given curve, $$f(x)$$.

For three points on a curve, for x=a, (a+b)/2,b. $$\displaystyle\ I_2=\int_a^b f_n(x)dx =\frac{b-a}{6}(f(a)+4f(\frac{a+b}{2})+f(b))$$.

For n+1 number of points, the domain of $$ \displaystyle\ x \epsilon [a,b]$$ can be broken into n segments of equal length, h, and Simpson's Rule works out such that $$ \displaystyle\ I_n=\frac{h}{6}(f_0+4f_1+2f_2+4f_3+...2f_{n-2}+4f_{n-1}+f_n)$$, where $$ \displaystyle\ f_i=f(x_i)$$.

For the case that $$f(x)=\frac{e^x-1}{x}$$, results of this method are shown below in Table 1.8.1.

The error of this case, based on the result of using the Taylor series approximation of f(x) for a large value of n, is also available in Table 1.8.1 below.

Problem 1.11
From interpolation theory, we know that $$ \displaystyle l_i=\prod _{j=0,j\ne i}^{n} \frac {x-x_j}{x_i-x_j}$$.

Additionally, we define $$ \displaystyle P_2(x)=\sum_{i=0}^{2}l_{i}(x)f(x_i)=f(x)$$.

For $$ n=2$$:

$$\displaystyle l_0=\prod _{j=0,j\ne i}^{n=2} \frac {x-x_j}{x_i-x_j}=\frac {x-x_1}{x_0-x_1}\frac {x-x_2}{x_0-x_2}$$

$$\displaystyle l_1=\prod _{j=0,j\ne i}^{n=2} \frac {x-x_j}{x_i-x_j}=\frac {x-x_0}{x_1-x_0}\frac {x-x_2}{x_1-x_2}$$

$$\displaystyle l_2=\prod _{j=0,j\ne i}^{n=2} \frac {x-x_j}{x_i-x_j}=\frac {x-x_0}{x_2-x_0}\frac {x-x_1}{x_2-x_1}$$

Evaluating these functions $$ \displaystyle l_0(x), l_1(x) and l_2(x)$$ at the interpolation points $$ \displaystyle x_0, x_1 $$ and $$ \displaystyle x_2$$, we find that:

$$ \displaystyle l_0(x_0)=1, l_0(x_1)=0 $$ and $$ \displaystyle l_0(x_2)=0$$

$$ \displaystyle l_1(x_0)=0, l_1(x_1)=1 $$ and $$ \displaystyle l_1(x_2)=0$$

$$ \displaystyle l_2(x_0)=0, l_2(x_1)=0 $$ and $$ \displaystyle l_2(x_2)=1$$

Reinserting these values of $$ \displaystyle l_i(x_j)$$ back into $$ \displaystyle P_2(x_j)$$, we can see that

$$ \displaystyle P_2(x_0)=(1)f(x_0)+(0)f(x_1)+(0)f(x_2)=f(x_0)$$

$$ \displaystyle P_2(x_1)=(0)f(x_0)+(1)f(x_1)+(0)f(x_2)=f(x_1)$$

$$ \displaystyle P_2(x_2)=(0)f(x_0)+(0)f(x_1)+(1)f(x_2)=f(x_2)$$

Thus, we can see that $$ \displaystyle P_2(x_j)_{j=0,1,2}=\sum_{i=0}^{n=2}l_i(x_j)f(x_i)=f(x_j)$$.

title: User:Egm6341.s10.Team4.riherd


text:
User:Egm6341.s10.team3.Min

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Egm6341.s10.team3.Min


text:
User:Topher D

=Analytical Writing=

Statement of Intent
<You are responsible for deciding what you will produce this quarter, with the one caveat that I will vet your project idea(s) based on appropriateness of scope. Your statement of intent must be 300 words, free of typos, and posted to your Wikiversity userspace. It will include the following:>

Overview
<Ok thanks for your feed back, I think your right my project was leaning more on the creative writing side. I did some brainstorming on subjects that would be more analytical. I came up with Disk Jockeys and copyright law. The point of my paper would be to fined out where exactly is the line drawn in that industry; when does a remixed work become your own? Because Dj's recycle and sample music and as we know people dont like it when their work gets used for profit by others. I want to know how a dj keeps his or her self safe from sue happy people and how far they can push the law in there favor. Dj's are basicly promoters and i know that that is one aspect that keeps them safe but I think there is a lot more to it then that. The reason I want to write about this is that I'm learning how to Dj and im looking into getting this hardware that allows you to use mp3's using vynal records. As you know mp3s could come from anywhere itunes, from some torrent site, or other pay sites like amazon. when is does that music become yours to record and sell?

I think this would be a good subject for me and would peek my interest. I'm not sure how many words i should make this paper maybe 5 pages worth. I'm not sure how many words that would be. I'm also not sure if you would rather me break up the paper or if keeping it as one piece would be more beneficial. >

Rationale
<I hope to gain a better understanding of copyright law issues. I hope that this subject will help protect me in the future if I ever play a show or try to sell some remixed work.>

Publication
<This project is mostly to help me understand the music industry better but if it turns out well I think people would be interested in reading it.>

Schedule
<Build a realistic order of events.>

 * 1) week 2 - come up with a subject i want to research
 * 2) week 3 - "
 * 3) week 4 - outline due / start first paper
 * 4) week 5 - continue writing
 * 5) week 6 - outline due / 1st paper due - start outlining next paper
 * 6) week 7 - outline due - start 2nd paper
 * 7) week 8 - continue writing
 * 8) week 9 - outline due / second paper due - start last paper
 * 9) week 10 - continue writing
 * 10) week 11 - final paper due
 * 11) etc.

Anticipated Problems
<finding clear cut answers to a Grey area in copyright law. >

Week 6 Project Review
<Write a 200-word assessment of your project thus far.>

My project so far has gone well. However I am feeling a time constraint. When planning this paper I was worried that it would be hard to narrow down the subject to a respectable level. I was really hoping to have more done at this point. I am wondering if it would be possible for me to consentrait on two papers instead of three. Because there is so much ground to cove with this issue and I have really taken a liking to it. I have learned a lot. Creative commons is the coolest idea ever! I feel way more comfortable dealing with that plan then I ever would be with standard copyright. It just makes sense telling users what rights you’re willing to give up in order to promote creativity and growth as a culture. Standard copyright is just having way to hard of a time keeping up with technology and the spread of information that is generated by the way we use it.

Before Or During Week 6

 * Personal stories--why are you interested?
 * Outline- finish this week
 * Problems: legal side
 * Current State of things--cases?
 * http://fairuse.stanford.edu/
 * Public Domain Day
 * Problems: crime side
 * Piracy, &c.
 * Google/China - copyright
 * Solutions
 * Creative Commons

I.	Introduction:

1. Generally, the reason I wanted to write this paper is because I am interested in creating my own music for profit and I want to know more about the issues that brings up. I have always had a difficult time understanding copyright because it’s so technical and taboo. I hope that this paper will clear up some of the major issues.

2. So what is copyright? Copyright is a law that was created in order to protect an idea so that the creator of that idea would be able to profit form it without fear of piracy. American copyright protection originates in the U.S. constitution. The writers of the constitution realized that intellectual property would be an important source of revenue and economic advancement (Pres and Landsman 4). Not only was copyright created to protect the artist it was also meant to encourage original thought. Copyright however does not last forever. When the time for an individual’s copyright term to expire the work goes into a place called the public domain. It is at this point when somebody’s work becomes open for anyone to use.

3. Copyright was originally created to protect intellectual property as well as to promote economic and creative growth. But where is the line drawn? When does copyright actually hinder creative growth instead of helping it? Is there a way we can create a balance? Disk Jockey’s, artists that remix new and old songs all the time sometimes play music illegally because they didn’t get the necessary permissions to play the music owned by the artists and or publishers. It’s very expensive to pay for all the rights to the music. Not only is that the case but the duration copyright lasts with creative works growing both in the future and also the past. Is there something we can do to instead of breaking copyright law fined a new way to free our music for creative expression? Unleashing or intellectual property from the overused and slowly evolving copyright law will promote creative and economic growth; the original Idea behind copyright law. I plan to discover new ways to combat the hold that standard copyright has in our society. By exploring this subject I plan to clarify copyright and how musicians can avoid breaking laws.

II. Body: 1.	Copyright today has grown into a broadsword so to speak. It has grown so powerful that the law says that once a original idea is put into a tangible form it is copyrighted. . The United States Constitution states "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries." Limited is not really a feature I would think of when talking about copyright. Copyright lasts a long time. Current law states that for works created on or after January 1, 1978 the term of copyright is the life of the author plus 70 years. Copyright for corporate, anonymous or pseudonymous works extends 95 years from the year of first publication, or 120 years after the year of creation, whatever expires first. 2.	Cases - . 1.	Public domain – When works are finally fair use it’s put in to the “public domain” and is then free to use for profit.

2.	Fair use – Fair use is when it is ok to use a copyrighted work without permission. However there are only a handful of these exceptions.

3.	Piracy - there is a line between just steeling somebody’s work and remixing them. Buying CD’s seems like a waist of money in today’s market. Is that really a bad thing? Personally I think this is a very exiting time in our culture. Corporations are now being forced to think outside the box in order to turn the same profit that they have in the past.

4.	problems around the world – China

5.	public domain day.

Conclusion: 2. Thankfully new ways to share intellectual properties are being developed. The Creative commons is a System that allows and artist refine there copyright. This way they can have a say in how the creative work is used without the hassle of people having to track you down for permission. Cc gives all the rights that a normal copyright can. However this idea will be in vain if people don’t use it.

After Week 6
Copyright infringing is a huge issue in today’s society. This doesn’t go for just the United States but for the whole world. The progress of technology has trumped copyrights ability to keep up with evolving trends. I have always had a difficult time understanding copyright because it so technical and taboo. I hope that this paper will clear up some of the major issues and grey areas surrounding this subject.. When I walk in to a club and hear a DJ tarring it up on the turntables, I can’t help but wonder did that person really get the permissions necessary to play that music. One way around the dreaded copyright beastie is called fair use. Copyrighted material can be used without the need of contacting or paying the owner of the creative property as long as you follow some guide lines. As long as the work you create is “Transformative, meaning that your usage of the copyrighted work adds value to what you have taken. You using it for a purpose different from what that work  was originally created for. Copyright is a law that was created in order to protect an idea so that the creator of that idea would be able to profit form, without fear of piracy. American copyright protection originates from the U.S. constitution. The writers of the constitution realized that intellectual property would be an important source of revenue and economic advancement (Pres and Landsman 4). Not only was copyright created to protect the artist it was also meant to encourage original thought. Thankfully copyright doesn’t last forever, however it does last a long time. When the time for an individual’s copyright term to expire the work goes into a place called the public domain. It is at this point when somebody’s work becomes open for anyone to use. (press and landsman 10). Copyright was originally created to protect intellectual property as well as to promote economic and creative growth. But where is the line drawn? Copyright can actually hinder our ability to express ourselves creatively. Disk Jockey’s, artists that remix new and old songs all the time sometimes play music illegally by not getting the necessary permissions to play the music. This music is usually owned by the artists and  publishers. Not only is it very expensive to pay to somebody to use there music its extremely hard to get a hold of that person in order to ask his or her permission. The duration copyright lasts with creative works growing both in the future and also the past. There is something we can do to make more music available for use in creative ways. Unleashing or intellectual property from the overused and slowly evolving copyright law will promote creative and economic growth; the original Idea behind copyright law. I plan to discover new ways to combat the hold that standard copyright has in our society. By exploring this subject I plan to clarify copyright and how musicians can avoid breaking laws. Copyright law says that once a original idea is put into a tangible form it is copyrighted. The United States Constitution states "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.". Copyright lasts a long time. Current law states that for works created on or after January 1, 1978 the term of copyright is the life of the author plus 70 years. This includes music. Copyright for corporate, anonymous or pseudonymous works extends 95 years from the year of first publication, or 120 years after the year of creation, whatever expires first. You cannot copy a creative work without permission. Downloading songs for free is illegal. A woman was sued because she was downloading songs from a peer to peer file sharing system. She had downloaded about 30 songs this way. Later this woman argued that she was in accordance with fair use, because she was using the files to find out if she liked the songs before purchasing. It was determined that that was a violation of copyright and she was then sued. Companies like i-tunes allow customers to sample music before purchasing the music the court rejected this “sampling” defense. this example is from the BMG Music v. Gonzalez case, 430 F.3d 888 (7th Cir. 2005). There is a line between just steeling somebody’s work and remixing them. Buying CD’s seems like a waist of money in today’s market. Is that really a bad thing? Personally I think this is a very exiting time in our culture. Corporations are now being forced to think outside the box in order to turn the same profit that they have in the past. Problems around the world – China Thankfully new ways to share intellectual properties are being developed. But it won’t work if it is not used. The Creative commons is a System that allows and artist to refine their copyright in a much more user friendly way. People can search our works that allow for certain freedoms, like remixing for instance. These way artists can have a say in how the creative work is used without the hassle of people having to track them down for the permissions. Cc gives all the rights that a normal copyright can. However this idea will be in vain and most likely disappear if people don’t use it.

Bibliography-

http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter9/9-c.html

“Creatuve Careers in Music (Second Editiion)” By Josquin des Pres and Mark Landsman. Allworth Press 10 East 23rd Street New York NY 10038

“Sampling in the Record Industry” By Michael Ashburn, Esq.

http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/resources/publications/recut_reframe_recycle/

Project
Copyright and Music

Copyright infringing is a huge issue in today’s society. Inventions such as You-tube, open file sharing networks, torrents are all affecting the way information is shared. This doesn’t go for just the United States, but for the whole world. The progress of technology has trumped copyrights ability to keep up with evolving trends. I have always had a difficult time understanding copyright law because it so technical and taboo. I hope that this paper will clear up some of the major issues including the gray areas surrounding the subject of copyright law. When I walk in to a club, bar, or any other venue and hear a DJ tarring it up on the turntables, I can’t help but wonder did that person really get the permissions necessary to play that music? One way around the dreaded copyright beast is a list of conditions called fair use. Copyrighted material can be used without the need of contacting or paying the owner of the creative property as long as you follow some guide lines. Such as, the work you create is “Trans-formative, meaning that your usage of the copyrighted work adds value to what you have taken. You must be using it for a purpose different from what that work was originally created for. But lets be real, there is no concrete list of laws that are stable enough to really build upon. By that I'm referring to the amount of money spent just trying to define what qualifies as fair use. Copyright is a law that was created in order to protect an idea so that the creator of that idea would be able to profit form, without fear of piracy. American copyright protection originates from the U.S. constitution. The writers of the constitution realized that intellectual property would be an important source of revenue and economic advancement (Pres and Landsman 4). Not only was copyright created to protect the artist it was also meant to encourage original thought. Thankfully copyright doesn’t last forever, however it does last quite a long time. When the time does final come for an individual’s copyright term to expire the work goes into a place called the public domain. It is at this point when somebody’s work becomes open for anyone to use. (press and landsman 10). Copyright was originally created to protect intellectual property as well as to promote economic and creative growth. But where is the line drawn? Copyright can actually hinder our ability to express ourselves creatively by acting as a roadblock. Disk Jockey’s, artists that remix new and old songs all the time sometimes playing music illegally by not getting the necessary permissions to play the music at party's, clubs and other events. This music is usually owned by the artists and publishers. Not only is it very expensive to pay to somebody to use their music its extremely hard to get a hold of that person in order to ask his or her permission. The duration copyright lasts with creative works growing both in the future and also the past. There is something we can do to make more music available for use in creative ways. Unleashing or intellectual property from the overused and slowly evolving copyright law will promote creative and economic growth; the original Idea behind copyright law.

Copyright law states that once a original idea is put into a tangible form it is copyrighted. The United States Constitution states that copyright is "To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.". Copyright lasts a long time. Current law states that for works created on or after January 1, 1978 the term of copyright is the life of the author plus 70 years. This includes music. Copyright for corporate, anonymous or pseudonymous works extends 95 years from the year of first publication, or 120 years after the year of creation, whatever expires first. You cannot copy a creative work without permission. Downloading songs for free is illegal. A woman was sued because she was downloading songs from a peer to peer file sharing system. She had downloaded about 30 songs this way. Later this woman argued that she was in accordance with fair use, because she was using the files to find out if she liked the songs before purchasing. It was determined that that was a violation of copyright and she was then sued. Companies like i-tunes allow customers to sample music before purchasing the music the court rejected this “sampling” defense. this example is from the BMG Music v. Gonzalez case, 430 F.3d 888 (7th Cir. 2005). There is a line between just steeling somebody’s work and remixing them. Buying CD’s seems like a waist of money in today’s market however. Is that really a bad thing? Personally I think this is a very exiting time in our culture. Corporations are now being forced to think outside the box in order to turn the same profit that they have in the past. Open source programs are also becoming very competitive with for profit programs pushing the envelope of technological growth even further. In fact I'm writing this paper in a open source program called OpenOffice. Thankfully new ways to share intellectual properties are being developed. But it won’t work if it is not used. The Creative commons is a System that allows and artist to refine their copyright in a much more user friendly way. People can search our works that allow for certain freedoms, like remixing for instance. These way artists can have a say in how the creative work is used without the hassle of people having to track them down for the permissions. Cc gives all the rights that a normal copyright can. However this idea will be in vain and most likely disappear if people don’t use it.

Bibliography- “Creatuve Careers in Music (Second Editiion)” By Josquin des Pres and Mark Landsman. Allworth Press 10 East 23rd Street New York NY 10038

“Sampling in the Record Industry” By Michael Ashburn, Esq.

N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar 2010. <http://www.centerforsocialmedia.org/resources/publications/recut_reframe_recycle/>. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar 2010. <http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter9/9-a.html>.

N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Mar 2010. <http://fairuse.stanford.edu/Copyright_and_Fair_Use_Overview/chapter9/9-c.html>.

The history of dance culture

I have often wondered where the roots of electronic music started. How it evolved and what genre's were created during its evolution. Personally, I discovered techno from downloading music online. I used to download music like crazy as a kid. Using whatever torrent website was around at the time. I was about 15 -16 years old at the time. I would listen to the thumping music non stop, house, trance, happy hardcore, dub step, jungle, electro, R & B, jump style all examples of the genres I found rapped up inside techno music. As my library of music grew so did my interest in how this style of music was created. It was so amazing to me how versatile the style was and how many songs could be mixed seamlessly creating entirely new works. I think what really has developed my interest in this music is the sense of community that it brings.

As I researched the evolution of dance music and DJ culture, I was not very surprised to see the word disco right off the bat. Disco started around the late 1960's and early 1970's in New York City. This was when we see African American culture as well as gay culture start to use this expressive media to help strengthen their community (Fikentscher). Thanks to John Travolta in Saturday Night Fever that popularized disco to the masses we start to really see disco music start to pick up. Drugs and Sex followed along with this music trend.

The first “gay” disco in New York State was most likely a club called Cherry Grove located on Fire Island. This venue was the first urban disco that popularized disco. This club became a haven for disco in the underground scene. Thanks to clubs like this one similar discos like this one started to pop up. Not only was this the start of disco's peak in the music world but it also introduced the DJ as a pop star. With that brought groupies and dancers who would flock to check out the latest DJ. These D J's mastered a new set of instruments that consisted of a mixer and two turntables. Not only did they master the art of mixing but performing on stage as well. Enhancing the feel and power of the music were lights, lasers, disco balls that all became a part of the ambiance in the scene (History of House Music) Eighteen months after Saturday Night Fever, a riot was instigated in a baseball stadium by a DJ Steve Dow who was against Disco Music. This was didn't seem to be the real reason however because a lot of the records were R & B which was mostly popular to the African American crowd After the decline of disco we start to see this art form evolve. D J's start bringing back old Disco hits from the past that had been forgotten about. Soon after the rekindling the disco sound we start to see the beginnings of house start to evolve. The inventions of drum machines gave tracks a harder edge witch started to bring back crowds. With Disco's scrutiny above ground, while house music was being developed underground (History of House Music).

In 1973 magazines such as Billboard and Rolling Stone as well as radio stations such as NYC begun to to play disco music and programs. a lot of the fans couldn't hear enough of the music on the radio or in clubs because of the discrimination against disco impeding it from being played were forced to buy the records. This pushed sales up so high the the radio and recording companies had been forced to pay more attention to the very music they had been trying very hard to ignore.

House originated between 1975 and 1985. The club DJ started looking into producing and engineering music from scratch. Even going as far as to write their own songs. So now instead of just spinning records D J's were walking into recording studios (Fikentscher). With the same ideas that they had when spinning on stage. One popular tool that was used at this point was a little toy called the Roland TB-303. This interment was designed to emulate the bass guitar. D J's used this tool a different way, by messing with the pitch, accent and frequency controls d j / producers were able to change and diversify disco music. This was the start of house music. With the development of house the ability for a non musician to make music using technology became possible and was pushed even further by the invention of the drum machine as well as the sequencer. By 1985 kids in Chicago used drum machines and started making beats of their own. As technology developed even more acid jazz was born. Thanks again to inventions such as sequencers and other DJ tools, house music began to cross the ocean in to Europe (Fikentscher).

Of coarse where the music scene goes so do drugs. The street drug ecstasy as well as acid and other street drugs starts to get introduced in the early 80's. This drug becomes common in the Rave scene as it continues to evolve.

House music in the mid 80's started to influence other styles of music. This was because the competition between rock and roll and house were starting to compete. “The Happy Mondays” for instance were a band that played Indy rock but wanted their music to be played in clubs. So what they did was they brought a DJ to help them with coming up with a new sound for their record and soon after they decided to introduce house beats into the music. This was implemented because they needed the music to work with a steady beat in order to make the music sync. This helped the band bridge the gap between the two styles of music in order to fit in better with the times (History of House Music). This was when my personal favorite style of techno started to come into the scene, trance. D J's today play a very influential and important roll in the music scene today. These musicians are becoming the backbone of how we listen to music today. One of the biggest contributions D J's are able to make is the ability to reuse old and new works and by doing this they are able to keep the demand for all types of music high. This dance culture has proven to be so powerful and moving it has been able to bridge gaps in our culture as a civilization. Its very beginnings were built on diversity wile at the same time fought discrimination. Bringing gay and straight people, black or white together. All this happened out of a common desire to enjoy and celebrate this beautiful music and our existence in this world.

Bibliography:

Alex, Cosper. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar 2010. <http://www.tangentsunset.com/djmixing.htm>.

Fikentscher, Kai. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Mar 2010. <http://www.unesco.org/courier/2000_07/uk/doss29.htm>.

"History of house music Pt. 1." Learn To DJ: Know The History Of The Music First…. Web. 24 Mar 2010. <http://www.howtodjfast.com/moredjknowledge/want-to-learn-to-dj-know-the-history-of-the-music-first>.

title: User:Topher D


text:
User:Erik Franklin

=Humanities I/The Commons=

title: User:Erik Franklin


text: User:A F K When Needed

title: User:A F K When Needed


text:
User:Timeshifter/Userboxes

To get these userboxes onto your user pages please paste one or more of the wikitext lines below into your user page and/or your user talk page. See en:Template:userbox for info on userboxes.

title: User:Timeshifter/Userboxes


text:
User:Timeshifter/Userboxes/Integrated watchlists

To get this userbox onto your user pages please paste the wikitext below into your user page and/or your user talk page.


text:
User:Timeshifter/Userboxes/Optional ads 2

To get this userbox onto your user pages please paste the wikicode below into your user page and/or your user talk page.

'''


text: Template:Answer key

title: Template:Answer key


text: User talk:Egm6341.s10.Team4.roni

title: User talk:Egm6341.s10.Team4.roni


text:
Music/Software/Lilypond

Lilypond.org (GNU)]

 * This "GNU" version is the stronger of the two, with documentation so well written that users of the weaker and more restricted WMF version can glean useful information:
 * https://lilypond.org/manuals.html
 * Brief introduction to LilyPond
 * Manuals (available in three convenient formats)

 * The editor Frescobaldi is essential for this version. For a Windows machine, downloading instructions are available at:
 * lilypond.org/doc/v2.23/Documentation/learning/graphical-setup-under-windows

Wikimedia Foundation (WMF)

 * A restricted version of LilyPond has been installed for use by the Wikimedia Foundation. Two good resources for this version can be found at:
 * Wikipedia:Help:Score
 * Wikisource:Help:Sheet music

WAV, OGG, and MIDI sound files

 * The simple approach to sound used by the WMF version is described at Wikipedia's Help:Score#MIDI_instruments. As shown in the figure to the right, editors have the option of including a tab that not only plays the sound, but also allows readers to modify the playback speed, as well as download a MIDI sound file. The methods described by Wikipedia:Help:Score create what looks like an image from Wikimedia Commons. But it is actually hypertext markup.
 * The Lilypond.org (GNU) version is also suitable for WMF editors, provided adjustments are made to the Frescobald editor. These adjustments include changing the ouput format from pdf to an svg image.

Musical instruments available through the MIDI sound option
To hear a MIDI sound file for each of the 128 "instruments" available on LilyPond vist:
 * Music/Software/Lilypond/MIDI

This link allows you to play short riffs that samples the sound of these instruments at various tempos and pitches. Stravinsky's riff was deliberately made unmusical, with the last fermata extra long so that the listener can hear both rapid, as well as sustained notes. For example, if the MIDI instrument selection is #"bassoon", the corresponding WMF LilyPond script, score, and audio are:

The purpose of the  command was to remove all bar lines from the printed score. It has no effect on the tempo. Since three tempos are given for each "instrument", this code had to be written in 384 times, each with small changes in the parameters. The python code that performed this feat is documented at:
 * Python/LilyPond

Modifying the tempo
The tempo of the passages can be changed by replacing the text  by   to obtain:

Glockenspiel's strange harmonics
I noticed that the glockenspiel plays strange harmonics and subharmonics. In this passage all values of C are half-notes. -

title: Music/Software/Lilypond


text:
User:Danagrob

=Humanities I/The Commons=

title: User:Danagrob


text:
User:MarielA

=Analytical Writing=

Statement of Intent
In my analytical writing class, I have decided to analyze and clearly understand Loren Eiseley’s novel The Immense Journey. I will analyze four passages in his novel to clearly gain an understanding of the image he tries to paint with his metaphorical passages. From this analysis I will conclude all my findings to produce a paper where it will present my ideas and thoughts of his passages. I will also write a compare and contrast paper on three religions on my choice.

Overview
I hope to be able to develop a well detailed paper that is clear and that one could get a good understanding from it.

Rationale
What I hope to gain for this project is a better understanding how a writer can connect life to metaphorical passages in his story thus painting a picture.

Publication
In addition to posting on the Wikiversity Website, I can only hope that my paper might be good enough to be put in a public article for the view of others.

Schedule
Week: 2-Begin to Research Passages Week: 3-Continue Researching Week: 4-Take Notes for the Passages Week: 5-Finish Up the Notes and Brainstorm Ideas Week: 6-Begin to Write Paper Week: 7-Continue Writing Paper Week: 8-Proofread Paper Week: 9-Continuing Proofreading Week: 10-Overlook the Final Paper for Potential Errors Missed Week: 11-Turn in Final Paper

Anticipated Problems
I don’t really anticipate any problems come my way but if that was to happen I have stretched out my schedule just for the issues that could come up.

Week 6 Project Review
Thus far I have almost completed writing my larger paper. I just have to edit my paper over and make corrections on it. When it is finished to the point where I am happy with it, I will continue writing my other paper about comparing and contrasting three religions. The only obstacles that have come my way are the time factor and being stressed with other classes and their heavy workloads. I think even though that factor has come up I am in pretty good shape to finishing on time with my papers.

Before and Including week 6

 * Themes notion - continue. 200words each / 4 themes.
 * Compare and contrast religion paper. 400-500 words
 * Methodist
 * Episcopalian/Anglicans
 * Pentacostalism
 * Fundamentalism - A.G. Assemblies of God
 * Stevenarntson

Project
In the wonderful novel The Immense Journey (1957), by Loren Eiseley, Eiseley talks about life in such a manner that he clearly paints the picture. From the many essay in the novel Eiseley clearly devotes himself to explain why things happen the way they do. In his own manner he almost speaks as if everything was mythical. Also, he has very detailed descriptions whether it’s in the cracked prairie or in the hotel window of Manhattan; Eiseley never missed an important fact. He clearly paints the picture of life. “Down how many roads among the stars must man propel himself in search of the final secret” (12)? There is much to learn from the many essay of the novel. Eiseley also explains on how the answer came to be what they are. But a reader may obtain their own judgment of the secret of life. The reader will learn about his journey and methods to his answers but Eiseley say that “we will travel as far as we can, but we cannot in one lifetime see all that we would like to see or learn all that we hunger to know” (12).

In the mind boggling essay of “The Slit” Eiseley guides one through the prairies that bring him to believe that something will lead him to a discovery. He finds a narrow crack that was about only body width. As he goes downward through the narrow silt the light behind him begins to darken. “The Slit was a little sinister” (4). As Eiseley continues through the darkness and the clouds move behind him in search of a discovery of life. He hopes to find at least a bone. But he doesn’t come to the conclusion that he will find so much more. As he continues deeper into the dark he comes to find a skull of a non-human creature. The skull of the creature is embedded into solid sandstone (4). The creature is to be described as “ashen splendor, water worn” (4) from the look of his skull. Eiseley believed that the creature was an animal. He says “its was the face of a creature who spent his days following his nose, who was led by instinct rather than memory” (5). Eiseley makes reference in the four element of life. Eiseley says that “we came from water” (6). The world is built around the earth, water, fire, and air. Eiseley continues his journey of life and the miracles along the way that he has encountered. Eiseley complies with evidence and also identify the expressions he has made throughout the novel with concluding that “the world island we are all castaways, so that what is seen by one may often be dark or obscure to another” (14).

title: User:MarielA


text:
Haitian Creole/Basic Vocabulary/Answer Key

Try to figure out the meaning of the following sentences. For extra practice, try pronouncing them.

 * 1) Bonjou, m rele Jan. Hello, my name is Jan (cognate to John). literally, Hello, I am named Jan/John.
 * 2) Pa gen moun nan kay sa. There are no people in this/that house.
 * 3) Li gen anpil manje pou manje. He/she/it has a lot of food to eat.
 * 4) Mèsi anpil! Thank you very much.
 * 5) Kijan nou fè sa? How do we/you (pl.) make/do this/that?
 * 6) Yo pale kreyòl ayisyen men yo pa pale franse. They speak Haitian Creole but they do not speak French.
 * 7) Kite m fè li. Let me make/do it.


text:
User:Amy Helsel

=Humanities I/The Commons=

title: User:Amy Helsel


text:
User:DeannaConnell

=Analytical Writing=

Statement of Intent
I am interested in is the effect of color and color combinations on the human psyche. Since color theory is strangely no longer a required part of my major (Media Arts and Animation) there is a whole spectrum of knowledge that I find fascinating that I might not encounter otherwise. Answering things like: What works? What doesn't? And why?

I'd also like to do a study on video games in two major distinctions: those for the sake of game play (i.e. Katamari Damacy) and those for the sake of story (i.e. most RPGs). Of course, there will be some example games that fall between the two extremes, and opinions of game reviews (as sources) will vary. Answering things like: What makes a game lean toward one or the other? How do differing opinions rationalize their point of view?

Overview

 * One paper on color theory (~5,000-6,000 words optimistically or a ~2,000 word paper and visual demonstration)
 * One paper on video game focuses (length to be discussed)

Rationale
I hope to really find something that catches my attention other than schoolwork and to expand my knowledge base. Now I have a reason to truly devote time to research. Plus, it's relevant to a possible future-field of work, which is a bonus.

Publication
I'm not really interested in publication. The video game paper might do well in the school's magazine, but unless my work is exceptional, that is all.

Schedule

 * Week 2: Bulk research, basic outline
 * Week 3: Gather sources, fill in any needed quotes
 * Week 4: Flush out details, theories
 * Week 5: Compile
 * Week 6: Writing
 * Week 7: Writing
 * Week 8: Some extra research
 * Week 9: Bulk writing, video game paper research, workshop!
 * Week 10: Edit, finalize, write video game paper (2nd paper canceled due to tech issues)
 * Week 11: Turn in, hopefully.

Anticipated Problems
Major issues I might encounter:

 * 1) Procrastination: Seriously, I'm probably the worst procrastinator ever. The only real solution is to just sit down and do it and stop whining about it.
 * 2) Scope of projects: Might be taking on too much here, so will have to consult with the instructor about the overall plan of action.
 * 3) Other homework and time management: Things often get hectic, and it's not always the fault of my procrastination. I need to set a realistic amount of time for each course and stick to it, despite my dislike of schedules.

Week 6 Project Review
An assessment of my work so far: limited, but building up. I have acquired a few sources and have decided on a structure. I will divide my paper by color and attempt to mention both culture and biology for each. My colors will be in a pretty basic scope and should follow a fairly logical order; Red (mention of pink), yellow, orange, blue, green, purple, brown, and a small distinction of shade and color (black). I plan to weave a “story” throughout the paper, incorporating moments of various videogames, ending with a scene from actual life. This will sort of mirror my search for a definitive answer as to “why,” only to find that the only answer is “none.”

As of now, this planning is the bulk of what I have accomplished. I have selected some specific videogame scenes and environments I will use for certain and outlined them. I’ve also discovered that getting into the science of color is pretty heavy, almost dull stuff, so I will attempt to liven it up and present it in a more entertaining matter. I still really need to work on my time management, but I feel far more comfortable with were I am now than previously.

Before Or During Week 6

 * Dividing paper between culture and biology.
 * Dividing by color might be fun.
 * Video game examples?
 * Some discussion of the fact that there are no definitive answers.

 * Shift due date for due date for color theory.
 * Shrinking video game paper.

Project
Author's Note: Due to some unfortunate technical issues, like scrambled/corrupted data etc. I'd like to apologize for the quality of my final composition; reworking most of this beast last-minute was not planned and a real pain. I had to cut out the 'green' section due to time constraints, but am willing to re-add it if asked for. Otherwise, enjoy. :)

The Psychology of Color, In Color

I never really liked the traditional color combination for Christmas. Red and green, green and red, when one dominates the other all is well. But in even amounts? Forget it. With that said, I always love the harmony of orange with blue. They are compliments, like the aforementioned pair, but... they are just different.

But why?

‘Why’ has sent me on this little search for knowledge, a search for something deeper to the very thing that makes life so real; color. I started with color theory, but quickly discovered that that was not where my answers were. So, pondering and puzzling over were to look next, hand-held gaming device firmly planted in my hand, it dawned on me. The reaction that these colors invoke was more than science or theory, it was something deeper rooted into our cultures and hard-coded into our systems.

Again, the aching question of why seared itself into my mind. Why do people feel how they feel about colors? Looking down at the game console still humming music up at me, recalling scenes from environments made by digital artists. I wanted to know why I loved-or hated- those colorful worlds so.

Thus the merging of a passion of mine in video games and a curiosity in color began. This essay is a journey through man-made worlds and the human subconscious: color psychology exemplified in video games. Red seemed like a good place to start.

''Beads of sweat gather beneath the plates of steel wrapped about me like a second skin, a second chance. Looking down, and consequently at my armor, would only add to the psychological torment, cast color from this environment a reminder of blood on the silver plates. Swallowing hard in a terrified gulp and almost gasping for air, my heart is racing and I haven’t even encountered my foes yet.''

''The heat was unexpected-- fighting demons, sure, scaling towers and avoiding traps, I was prepared, but the sheer heat of this place would drive me mad before too long. The smoky crimson sky stared mockingly down at me, casting this entire world in an angry red hue. Its master and my enemy was indeed the ruler of wrath.''

''Here I was, alone in Oblivion, scarlet rivers of lava running by my side, maroon hued weeds growing in the rusty dirt I tread hurriedly. Everything here screamed danger, but it was empowering with a vibrancy grassy plains just couldn’t match and musty dungeons would never see.''

- The Plains of Oblivion, Elder Scrolls 4: Oblivion.

Red is a color of many faces and connotations, often negative but always seeking your attention. Easily the color of excitement and power, hues of red have come to be perceived as anything from zeal to extreme danger. It is a heated color reminiscence of fire, earning its connection with anger or passion from a face’s red-pink flush. Stimulating the body and giving it energy, it even increases blood pressure, respiration, heartbeat, and pulse rate very quickly.(1) And crimson is of course the color of blood, making it a popular choice if trying to convey vitality. A triumphant Roman general would even have his entire body painted red in honor of his achievements.(2) Industrialized nations associate the most focus grabbing color with stop, danger and an overall “pay attention!(3) while Far Eastern countries also relate it to luck and many older cultures as a sign of beauty. It is often observed that being surrounded by red will cause a reaction, some emotion in general whether truly justified or not(4), or at the very least make you hungry.

After being exposed to the full-frontal assault of saturated red, perhaps some soothing pink would be in order. Essentially red and white in varying degrees, the color pink is a well-known symbol of love, kindness, and romance. Even though bright pinks are almost as stimulating as pure red, they seem to go about their reactions in a more sensitive manner.(5) Specific shades of this offshoot have been observed to have a physically tranquilizing effect, often adorning the walls of old jail cells or visiting team locker rooms. Pink is universally the color of happiness and is sometimes seen as even lighthearted. Optimists are often accused of seeing the world “through rose-colored glasses.” One small word of warning, it’s still a red. Long-term exposure has been proven to cause greater agitation than even its parent color!(6)

Other than red or pink, what color always attracted my attention most? After looking about, it was as obvious as the highlighter on my desk: yellow.

''My gentle winged companion came to perch vigilantly on my shoulder, tiny body puffing with the effort of catching my steps. Under the golden sun there was no mistaking those amber rooftops, beacons to the weary travelers and fun-seeking youth. With one tiny glimpse along the treetops and my body just jolted into action, grin spreading across my countenance as we neared.''

''Out of breath but not out of excitement, we had stopped to rest in a honey-hued shadow beneath the blond towers, a visitor center. Eyes wide and mouth gaping, the awe of such a massive place was redoubled, being so much bigger than my home town.''

And it really did live up to its name.

''Chirp chirp! Quivering with excitement, my friend’s sandy chest spat out the exclamation anxiously. Drawing my attention back to earth, I tensed. My rival, a scowling red-head, had stumbled across me, anger seeping out across the open square… The energy in the atmosphere decided there was only one way to settle this.''

- Goldenrod City, Pokemon Crystal

Yellow really is the happiest color, with positive associations ranging from a nice summer day to the Cheerios’ box in the supermarket. Often related to optimism and warmth, the term “sunny disposition” comes to mind quite naturally. While red is the more energetic color, yellow is considered far more spontaneous and swift, quickly stimulating the brain and nervous system.(7) With the increased mental stimuli, it promotes clear thinking and applied imagination, which is why it is often used for legal pads.(8) It is the most visible color on the spectrum and fatiguing to the eye,(9) making it a popular choice to denote caution, like the yellow light in a traffic signal. Furthermore, too much of the color can overload the aforementioned mental systems, causing anxiety. People often lose their tempers and babies are more apt to cry when surrounded by brighter yellow hues for too long.(10) During the tenth century in France, the doors of traitors and criminals were painted yellow, probably to draw negative attention to the inhabitants.(11)

Fittingly, mixing the last two colors lead right into my next, orange.

Orange is a perfect marriage, having everything its two parents could ever want. Dynamic, flamboyant, and friendly, it meshes the energy of red and the happiness of yellow to suggest the positive connotations of both colors. In fact, most attributes of red and yellow are present in this color to a lesser degree.(12) In China and Japan, orange is even used to symbolize happiness and often times love.(13) Being highly visible when concentrated and a contrast to blue, it too is a popular choice for important notices such as construction signs or clearance sales. More or less, muted tones of orange settle into a comfortable, inspiring warmth nostalgic of a winter day spent by the fire. It is also very seasonal, attributed to Halloween and Thanksgiving, the latter holiday very fitting for this appetite stimulating color.(14)

The depth of the earth can be found the orange-gray mix,(15) brown. As familiarity and stability resonate, browns are universally accepted as the grounding aspect of nature. Lighter browns are dry and arid, deeper hues are much more fertile. Often tied to commonality and humility, a traditional mindset going back to peasantry, it is considered a warm versatile neutral in contemporary terms.(16) It is truly timeless and a consistent reminder or home.

''A chill shot through my spine, dreary, dreaded, cold. Around me was nothing unusual, nothing stranger than what I had encountered before. Yet, something horrid hung over this place, inky blue shadows staring at me from the dusty, dirty umber shelves. This ancient library had something lurking in it, though all signs pointed to simply “abandoned.”''

''Gusting and tearing through the black rafters and sweeping with a silver hues, the daylight peaking down from the rotten green roof shuttered. Oh, I hoped this place wasn’t cursed.''

I needed something vital here, a book of legend bound in regal reds.

''If only life was black and white. Perhaps then it would be less eerie to creep across the gray blue floor and endure the oppressive midnight walls. More terrifying drama would be preferable to this growing depression and heartache. My eyes felt sad, exhausted, the uplifting cerulean patches of daylight unable to break the bleak dark ceil hue. This place is draining me with heartless abandon.''

''Suddenly, a burst of energy swelled in my chest. Red, in a land of blues, stood warming the brown shelf beneath it. The shelves really were brown. Grasping the deep crimson binding, life was renewed and eyes strained awake. Real frustration at my fear came and went as the journey retracing my steps out seemed so short.''

- Ancient Library of Magic, Baten Kaitos: Eternal Wings and the Lost Ocean

Blue is the color that most likely has the least negative associations with it to this day. The color of calm, peace, and integrity, focusing on blue is proven to reduce your pulse, respiration rate and lower your blood pressure.(17) Much like fire and water, nearly any quality given to red shades can be reversed and attributed to blue hues. Stretching limitlessly out as the sky, ocean, and life giving water, there is an openness to blue that is still seen as trustworthy, dependable, and committed.(18) Lighter blues are often more carefree and innocent, reminiscent of a summer sky, while darker blues like navy are consistent and loyal.(19) However, not all blues are of positive persuasion. The exceptions of depression and melancholy are best exemplified through Pablo Picasso, whose ‘blue period’ was not only a time of struggle financially, but emotionally as well.(20) Even in the English phrase, ‘feeling blue’ is an another way of saying being downcast.

Had I found my answer?

''Majestic cityscape cloaked in orchid light stretches on for miles triumphantly, proudly, flickering with silver lights in a soft display. Below my platform in this upper class district sank the dark and dank, the solemn plum twisting a tale all its own. What was down there? What creatures, cultures, chaos hung in the underworld?''

''Imagine street fights and Jedi knights, a musty saffron and crimson world full of so much more life than here. Or maybe they are even better off than those atop the world, who exist so comfortably as is. Mayhap even a jungle existed along the undercarriages of the buildings, where off-worlders go to hunt Wookies or Rancors.''

''“Come on, let’s get going. We have to find her.” The calm voice of the soldier broke me from my trance. “I’m beginning to think something happened to you when we crash-landed, with the way you space off.”''

''“It’s… nothing. Let’s go.”'' - Taris, Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic

Purple is a child of mixed blood, so to speak, meshing the excitement of red with the calm of blue to strike a harmony that is often considered nurturing and passionate, nostalgic and even romantic. The nonphysical properties of it extend far past that, however, since drifting off in daydreams in a common occurrence when surrounded by paler hues.(21) It is a negotiator of colors, well liked but often full of mixed messages. In being mysterious, purple transcends to spiritual attachment, often a preferred substitute for black in mourning garb in several cultures.(22) Deep, rich hues of this color have long been associated with wealth, power, and royalty due to the sheer difficulty to produce in pre-industrial times.(23) This cultural inheritance is still seen today, though mainly as tradition rather than reality. With very little purple occurring naturally, it can often take on an exotic or fake connotation, simply adding to the allure or repellent of application.(24)

So really, why do people feel how they feel about colors? I had traveled time, space, universes, and the World Wide Web in search for my answer. Still, there really is no one solution that presented itself, not even through the thousands of words written and thousands more sifted away.

Yet, I feel my time well spent here, now, with a curiously satisfied. Beyond science, theory, and stereotypes, we all have a subjective view of color, effected by our biology, cultures, personalities and life experiences. It is our nature, to be different in the same state of humanity.

SOURCES

1 Smith, Kate. "All About the Color Red." Sensational Color. 2009. Web. 23 Mar. 2010.

2 Ramsey, William. "Triumphus." 1875. MS. University of Glasgow, London. LacusCurtius. 8 Jan. 2009. Web. 23 Mar. 2010. .

3 Karwowski, Waldemar. International Encyclopedia of Ergonomics and Human Factors. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2006. Print. pg. 1518

4 Robertson, S. (Editor). Contemporary Ergonomics 1996. Boca Raton: CRC, 1996. ISBN 0748405496 pgs. 148-150

5 Sutton, Tina. The Complete Color Harmony. Gloucester, Mass.: Rockport,, 2004. Print. pgs. 168-9

6 "Color Matters - The Effects of Color on the Body." Color Matters - Everything about Color - from Color Expert Jill Morton. Color Voodoo Publications, 1999. Web. 25 Mar. 2010. .

7 Smith, Kate. "All About the Color Yellow." Sensational Color. 2009. Web. 23 Mar. 2010.

8 Sutton, Tina. The Complete Color Harmony. Gloucester, Mass.: Rockport,, 2004. Print. pgs. 158-9

9 Cherry, Kendra. "Color Psychology - Yellow." About.com. Web. 23 Mar. 2010.

10 "Color Matters - Vision." Color Matters - Everything about Color - from Color Expert Jill Morton. Color Voodoo Publications, 1999. Web. 25 Mar. 2010. .

11 David Wallechinsky & Irving Wallace. "Trivia on Facts, History, and Meanings of the Color Yellow | Trivia Library." Trivia on Movies, Music, TV, Sports, Science & More | Trivia-Library.com. Web. 25 Mar. 2010. .

12 Sutton, Tina. The Complete Color Harmony. Gloucester, Mass.: Rockport,, 2004. Print. pgs. 160-1

13 Smith, Kate. "All About the Color Orange." Sensational Color. 2009. Web. 23 Mar. 2010.

14 Pawlik-Kienlen, Laurie. "The Subconscious Psychology of Color: How Different Reds, Greens, and Blue Hues Affect Mood and Emotions." Cognitive Psychology. 5 May 2008. Web. 24 Mar. 2010.

15 "Some Experiments on Color", Nature 111, 1871, in John William Strutt (Lord Rayleigh) (1899). Scientific Papers. University Press. .

16 Sutton, Tina. The Complete Color Harmony. Gloucester, Mass.: Rockport,, 2004. Print. pgs. 170-1

17 Sutton, Tina. The Complete Color Harmony. Gloucester, Mass.: Rockport,, 2004. Print. pgs. 164-5

18 Smith, Kate. "All About the Color Blue." Sensational Color. 2009. Web. 23 Mar. 2010.

19 Sutton, Tina. The Complete Color Harmony. Gloucester, Mass.: Rockport,, 2004. Print. pg. 23

20 Cirlot,1972, p.6

21 Sutton, Tina. The Complete Color Harmony. Gloucester, Mass.: Rockport,, 2004. Print. pgs. 166-7 22 Smith, Kate. "All About the Color Purple." Sensational Color. 2009. Web. 23 Mar. 2010.

23 Varichon, Anne Colors: What They Mean and How to Make Them New York:2006 Abrams Page 161 24 Cherry, Kendra. "Color Psychology - Purple." About.com. Web. 23 Mar. 2010.

title: User:DeannaConnell


text:
User:Greenn

 * Greenn has completed the following assignments in the course on Basic filmmaking (pre-production) for narrative motion pictures.

 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeup.png|16px]] Formatting the Script [[Image:Nuvola apps package wordprocessing.png|28px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Pop Quiz - What is the first shot? [[Image:Crystal Clear app clock.svg|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Creating the thumbnail storyboards [[Image:Crystal Clear app gimp.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Quick Exercise - Over-the-shoulder shot [[Image:Applications-accessories.svg|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Creating the 3D storyboards [[Image:Crystal Clear app Login Manager.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] A simple DVD-Video Editing Workshop [[Image:Crystal Clear device cdwriter unmount.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Learning about camera lenses [[Image:Crystal Clear app camera.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Record the dialog for the animatic [[Image:Crystal Clear app krec.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Intro to narrative filmmaking [[Image:Clapboard-Small.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Draw the movie poster for "Star Wars" [[Image:Crystal Clear app kcoloredit.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Understanding dailies [[Image:Clapboard-Small.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Create a matte painting [[Image:Crystal Clear app kcoloredit.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Understanding editing [[Image:Clapboard-Small.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Pop Quiz - Creating the moods (film scoring) [[Image:Crystal Clear app clock.svg|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Understanding "L-Cuts" [[Image:Clapboard-Small.png|24px]]
 * [[Image:Blancovinkjeemptysmall.png|16px]] Create the animatic [[Image:Clapboard-Small.png|28px]]

 January 20, 2010 -- Greenn has formatted the script with Final Draft 8.0.1 Demo Version. You can download it at [[Media:Dark_Side-Greenn.pdf]].

title: User:Greenn


text: File:Dark Side-Greenn.pdf

title: File:Dark Side-Greenn.pdf


text:
Haitian Creole/Articles

 * Associated lesson: Haitian Creole/Articles

Exercise
Decide which definite article to use, and where to place it. The choices are a, an, la, lan and nan.

 * 1) Cheve (hair)
 * 2) Bwason (drink, n.)
 * 3) Fanm (woman)
 * 4) Mwa (month)
 * 5) Bagay
 * 6) Timoun (child)
 * 7) Chalè (heat)
 * 8) Pisans (power, strength)
 * 9) Nèj (snow, n.)
 * 10) Dlo
 * 11) Mo (word)
 * 12) Travay (work, n.)
 * 13) Konfyans (trust, confidence).
 * 14) Chalè (heat) solèy (sun).
 * 15) Sa se (is) bagay mwen fè.
 * 16) Machin (car) vye ([is] old)

Bonus question: Modify the word mond.
 * Sen Dènye Jou (Latter-day Saints) yo kwè (believe) ke legliz (church) yo a diferan ([is] different) avèk (than, with) lòt (other) legliz nan mond (world) yo.

title: Haitian Creole/Articles


text:
User:Merrisa shepherd18

Humanities I/The Commons
=Humanities I/The Commons=

Bio
Hello Everyone, My name is Merrisa Shepherd, And this is i believe my 7th quarter at The Art Institute of Seattle. Im getting my BFA in Interior Design, and interior design has been my passion since i was about a freshman in high school. I've done many volunteer work in the field, such as, being on ABC's hit television show Extreme Home Makeover Edition: I've been on 2 shows in WA Port Orchard & Kirkland, it was an amazing experiance and hard work let alone in itself and i also got to meet the cast and crew and help Ty with his "secret Project". I'm born and raised in Washington, come from a little town of Snohomish, which is about 45 min. north of seattle. I currently re-located to the town of Tacoma A.K.A T-town, which I'm not fond of at all and once i get the chance to move im moving steer clear of Tacoma :] I have dreams and ambitions to do great things with my career and be a selfless person and help create beautiful things using the skills and knowlage of interior design and i believe I'll be doing wonderfull things in my lifetime :].

title: User:Merrisa shepherd18


text:
Haitian Creole/Articles/Answer Key

Decide which definite article to use, and where to place it. The choices are a, an, la, lan and nan.

 * 1) Cheve a
 * 2) Bwason an
 * 3) Fanm nan
 * 4) Mwa a
 * 5) Bagay la
 * 6) Timoun nan
 * 7) Chalè a
 * 8) Pisans lan
 * 9) Nèj la
 * 10) Dlo a
 * 11) Mo an
 * 12) Travay la
 * 13) Konfyans lan.
 * 14) Chalè solèy la.
 * 15) Sa se bagay mwen fè a.
 * 16) Machin nan vye
 * 17) * Note: Machin vye a means "The old car"; Machin nan vye means "The car [is] old."

Bonus question: Modify the word mond.
 * Sen Dènye Jou yo kwè ke legliz yo a diferan avèk lòt legliz nan mond lan yo.
 * The Latter-Day Saints believe that their church is different than the other churches in the world.

title: Haitian Creole/Articles/Answer Key


text:
Talk:Software Process Improvement Models

good posting


text:
User:BenLewis

=Analytical Writing=

Overview
Throughout the upcoming quarter, I intend to thoroughly research and describe the history and origins of, as well as the modern and forthcoming manufacturing techniques of modern percussion cymbals. This includes cymbals used in drum sets, ethnic ensembles, orchestras, and any other situations in which I encounter them. I estimate this filling at least five pages, although it could be more without difficulty.

Rationale
I am excited to learn more about this topic, because it interests me as a percussionist, and because I know very little about the subject. I would also be well served in knowing how to tell the quality of any cymbals I would consider purchasing in the future.

Publication
I hate to limit myself, but currently I am not planning on pursuing publication. This is not looking to be the type of article that would befit widespread dissemination to the masses. Despite the fact that I that this will not interest the majority of people, I will likely still post the finished piece on my Facebook page and blog.

Schedule

 * 1) week 2 Discuss topic with Teacher-man and get it approved.
 * 2) week 3 Begin gathering basic research; articles, opinions, and random information.
 * 3) week 4 Research.
 * 4) week 5 Research.
 * 5) week 6 Research.
 * 6) week 7 Finish research, begin outlining.
 * 7) week 8 Finish outlining, begin writing.
 * 8) week 9 Writing.
 * 9) week 10 Finish Writing
 * 10) week 11 PORTFOLIO! AAAAAH!!!

Anticipated Problems
This, being my last quarter in my program (God willing), it will likely be very busy with audio-related things. I can't say that this class will be on the upper-cusp of my priorities list, and to combat that, I decided to choose a topic that interests me, and that is not overly complex, as I would like to be able to finish most of it by week 9 or 10, leaving me time in the last two weeks to focus on the madness that will already be encompassing me by that time.

Week 6 Project Review

Project

title: User:BenLewis


text:
User:SamanthaPearson

=Analytical Writing=

Statement of Intent
I have gotten hooked on the history channel lately. A lot of the scientific programs on it interest me, but since I am an art student and not a physics student, I don't have the time or chance to study them. My goal is to write three different papers, since I can't choose between the three; plus, three smaller papers will be easier than one huge one, because depending on the subject, sometimes there is only so much that can be written on it. It was hard for me to choose, but I picked black and white holes, androids, and alternate/parallel universes. I chose to do black and white holes primarily because I didn't even know that there was a such thing as a white hole, until the history channel mentioned it. I actually chose androids because of a show that I watched that showed humans being replaced by androids in everything including jobs. People were even falling in love with some of them. How real is too real? As for the third paper on the alternate universe...the history channel had a show that was talking about them. I'm finding it hard to believe that there could be an alternate universe, but maybe that is because my mind can't comprehend it. Anyway, hopefully these papers will put my questions to rest.

Overview
I intend to write three papers this quarter since I have a variety of interests. My first paper will be on black and white holes, because I find them intriguing. My second paper will be on the future of androids. Will they replace humans? My third paper will be on the possibility of an alternate/parallel universe.

Rationale
I hope to be able to cure my curiosity. Every time I see something on the history channel that I find interesting, it makes me more curios.

Publication

Schedule

week 1: come up with ideas for papers

week 2: begin research on paper number one; find good resources

week 3: print out good resources and highlight important information

week 4:write paper number 1

week 5: begin research on paper number two; find good resources; become familiar with it

week 6: print out good resources and highlight important information

week 7:write paper number 2

week 8:begin research on paper number three; find good resources and become familiar with the subject

week 9: print out the good resources and highlight important information to use in the paper

week 10:write paper number 3

week 4 progress: So far I printed out a bunch of research papers on all the various subjects and highlighted stuff that I thought was important. I'm suppose to write my first paper this week on black and white holes, but I kinda want to do the android paper first since the reading for it seemed more interesting, and I want to start out with the funnest paper first, because I think it will motivate me more to write the second one if I start out excited. My schedule says print out resources for the first paper, but I printed out stuff for all three since I was at the school and black and white prints don't cost anything(might as well get my money's worth). ^_^Anyways, as I continue to do research on the subjects, I may need to print out more information, depending on how much more I think I need.

Anticipated Problems
Since I know very little about the subjects, it might take me longer to understand them or to research them. Three papers may be too much with the subjects I want to write about, but because I am interested in all three, I still want to write all of them.

Week 6 Project Review
 I started out getting ahead on the research portion of my project. However, by week five I had not yet finished my first paper like I had anticipated. I tend to go through times of high motivation where I work ahead on everything, and then I slip back into being too tired and finding it hard not to procrastinate, so it’s hard for me to find a median. So far on my paper I have described what an android is, along with the origin of the word, among a few other small things. I have research that talks about what androids are being worked on right now in other countries, but I haven’t added that in yet. After the meeting, I know of a more variety of things to talk about in my paper that relate to androids and talk about them more in depth. I am still very excited about my project, because it gives me ideas of stories to write for animation.

Before Or During Week 6

 * Robotics
 * Read about the Uncanny valley.
 * Watch Blade Runner.
 * Learn about the Turing Test.
 * Read The Age of Spiritual Machines, by Grey Kurzweil
 * White Holes
 * Alternate/Parallel Universes

After Week 6
Self Assessment

I am really satisfied about how my project turned out. If it wasn’t for this class, I probably would not have made the time to research my three topics. I was happiest with my White Holes essay, because I had learned so much from it, and I feel that I understand it. The essay on Parallel Universes was really difficult to research, because most of the information I found on the internet was sci-fi related, and the sites that actually talked about the Multi-verse Theory basically said the same thing, but in different words. I learned a lot on my essay about Androids, but the problem I’m having with that one is that no matter how much research I do on it, I feel like it’s still not complete, just because there is so much to cover. I mean, once I research one part of it, then that leads to other branching out parts that I want to know about. I love doing research on questions that I have, but having to write a paper on some of them really forced me to pay attention to what I was reading, instead of casually reading it. When it came to actually writing the papers according to my schedule, I found that I worked best when I would partially work on one paper, switch to another when I got burnt out, then came back to the other. The website easybib.com was a lifesaver for me. In the past I always felt like I spent an equal amount of time looking up information and formats for the bibliography as I did the research, when in my opinion the research should take more time. With this site, I could spend more time on research and bookmark my sources until the end of my paper where I would enter the web address into the easybib, and it would generate a bibliography for me. Overall, I am very happy with my work this quarter. Even though I procrastinated a little in the beginning, I quickly caught up with what I was suppose to do.

Project
 (project was emailed to instructor)

title: User:SamanthaPearson


text:
User talk:Simonkarls

 * Simon,

I appreciate the impulse to kill two birds with one stone, and that seems fine, but I also think there are three birds here, at least in terms of the workload that I'm expecting for this class. Beyond memorializing your experiences as they happen, I'd like for there to be some aspect of research and discovery here. I'll let you decide how this manifests itself, but I think doing some writing and research on aspects of your field that you find related to your endeavor might be a good tack to take. This will take the piece beyond journaling, and into the kind of intellectual search that is the theme of the class. Ballpark: I'd like to see the journals amounting to a few thousand words by the end, organized thoughtfully and edited so they don't appear to be just for personal use. Additionally, produce a research paper of about a thousand words that analyzes some aspect of your filming. Consider researching an issue that is frustrating or perplexing to you. It could be anything: a film process, a technical spec, an essay on group dynamics.
 * Best, Stevenarntson

 Hello Simonkarls, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:17, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:17, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Simonkarls


text:
User talk:Dmitriyg

 * Dmitriy,

This seems like an interesting topic. I think it will work best if, from the beginning, you try to be inclusive of a variety of views. In researching eschatology, it seems tempting to focus on the most apocalyptic views, because they're the most sensational, but many Christians don't find their beliefs covered by books like the Left Behind series, or whatnot. I envision this as being several separate short papers on different viewpoints, maybe three papers each of about 1,000 words, capped off with a personal essay where you sum up your own feelings on the topic.
 * Good luck, Stevenarntson

 Hello Dmitriyg, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dmitriyg


text:
User talk:FoureraT

 Hello FoureraT, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
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 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
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 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
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 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:FoureraT


text:
User talk:Hanq112

 Hello Hanq112, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hanq112


text:
User talk:Lalitanamla

 Hello Lalitanamla, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 20 January 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lalitanamla