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User talk:James500

 Hello James500, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:30, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Wikisource (Chronological Tables)
AS you seem to be active again, Can you look over the various legislation portals there? I'm also as User:ShakespeareFan00 - Trying to get an old list of Statutes (regretably without Short titles) typed up.

If of course you have a recent (ie 2012 or so Chronological Table (of General Statutes), that can be released under OGL) PLEASE upload it. Sfan00 IMG (discuss • contribs) 18:47, 4 August 2013 (UTC)

 * OK noted, At the very least you could help profreed the 1877 one present on Wikisource :) Sfan00 IMG (discuss • contribs) 21:33, 5 August 2013 (UTC)

Draft Homicide Bill
I would appreciate your feedback on the ammendments I posted on the talk page.Sfan00 IMG (discuss • contribs) 11:51, 30 August 2013 (UTC)

Research Project (suggestion)
If you are interested, I was wondering if you would be interested in preparing a summary which explains the Law of Trespass (against Lands) in particular.

It was my understanding that what most people think of trespass (which is un-authorized access to lands or real property) differs considerably from the precise legal definition. I would however appreciate a fuller explanation.

Another part of such a research project, would be identifying which parts of English law define trespass (as convetionaly regarded) in specific circumstances to be a criminal (as opposed to civil matter.)

I am suggesting this research project because of comments off wiki, that the UK should consolidate a number of existing provisions (which make unathorised access a crime) relating to railways, Substations, Gas Installations and Civil Nuclear sites into a single Tresspass (Critical Infrastructure) Act. In order to write a draft of a bill, a summary of the existing provisions would be required. Sfan00 IMG (discuss • contribs) 11:51, 30 August 2013 (UTC)

Salomon v Salomon
Please let me know if there is any reason to keep Salomon v Salomon. It has been proposed for deletion and is now past 90 days. -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 23:04, 24 May 2014 (UTC)
 * Dave moved it to English Law/Salomon v Salomon. Still no development, but not sitting out in mainspace like a sore thumb. It probably belongs under English Law/Company which is where the creator was working. I don't know why Dave pinged you instead of the page author. (The author was never notified of the prod, which was an oversight.) --Abd (discuss • contribs) 17:41, 23 May 2015 (UTC)

An invitation
I suggest you invite the author of Australian Bill of Rights, w:User talk:Keiran osullivan, to participate on Wikiversity! That was a lot of work that got deleted; the author might like to know that it was not wasted. In general, we need to be much more pro-active about outreach to Wikipedians, there could actually be a project here to watch AfD process on Wikipedia and invite people to bring their work, study, and discussion here. Come to think of it, I remember a very disruptive AfD on Wikipedia that closed, years ago, after much back and forth, with delete, and I still get mail from the author of that article, I should definitely invite him, he was the creator of a moderately notable and definitely interesting language of logic (computerizable).... --Abd (discuss • contribs) 01:14, 11 August 2014 (UTC)

Gramophone Company of India Limited Vs. Shanti Films Corporation and others
James, I don't think this page is appropriate for mainspace. It's "personal," written with "I." (This was utterly and completely inappropriate for Wikipedia, as written. It was blatantly original research.)

Now, where should it be? This is a study of a case. We have a resource on Copyright, and under that, should have Copyright/Law which would link to case pages. Okay, I'm creating that and moving the page. --Abd (discuss • contribs) 16:47, 23 May 2015 (UTC)

✅ It's at Copyright/Law/Gramophone Co of India Ltd v. Shanti Films Corpn. I edited it a bit and uploaded the image. This could use some very serious copy editing. I find it so wordy as to be almost unreadable. It needs bullet points, etc. I should not have to study it, to know what the case is about.

Thanks for rescuing this. --Abd (discuss • contribs) 17:34, 23 May 2015 (UTC)

I like your post about peer review and the research space
This post you made caught my attention because we have taken opposite positions, but I also feel "tentative". The suggests we agree that this is an important problem with no clear solution. For a while is was pushing the Wikiversity Journal as a way to highlight quality on Wikiversity, but realized it will incurr the problems to which you alluded regarding peer review. To alleviate that, it occurred to me that quality Wikiversity journals could join together to form a guilds (with the low quality journal forming their own guilds, I presume).

In retrospect, all that seems too complicated, and it occurred to me that what we need is a culture on Wikiversity and Wikipedia where individual users create "library" in their userspace. The "librarys" would consist of two documents: (1) permalinks to quality resources, and (2) articles on Wikipedia that have been moved into userspace improved by the user and reposted in that users own userspace. It needs to be a "culture" so that various individual could use each other's librarys. This library would resemble the web pages with lots of links that Google tended to display a decade or so ago. But since these are links to permalinks, these links of links would remain forever stable. The system also resembles the counting of "likes" one sees on various social media, except that nobody will be counting the number of "likes".

You should know that the hosting of parallel articles in Wikipedia user space is prohibited. I haven't proposed this to Wikipedia, and have no immediate plans to do so, but it would be easy to tinker with this rule by allowing articles to be rewritten in a user's sandbox, and then blanked. The permalinks in people's "libraries" would be to parallel articles in the history of people's sandboxes. I don't think this would be a hard sell to the Wikipedia community. As a physics professor, I would love to chop up Hooke's law and edit it into a usable teaching document. I will do that someday, when I find the time.--Guy vandegrift (discuss • contribs) 15:27, 9 May 2016 (UTC)

Law commission Publications...
You might find this of interest:- https://www.bailii.org/ew/other/EWLC/

ShakespeareFan00 (discuss • contribs) 10:54, 16 June 2022 (UTC)

Happy holidays
Hi, I don't know if you remember me. We wiki-met wiki-ages ago. I saw your name in one old discussion, and since fewer and fewer users I have met over the years are still around, I thought I would check up on you. Happy surprise to see you are still active, so thought I would wish you happy holidays.

Cheers, Ottawahitech (discuss • contribs) 23:22, 26 December 2023 (UTC)

title: User talk:James500


text:
User talk:Mpython

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Mpython


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User talk:Mrpond55

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:33, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Homework
I think the best phone operation system is windows mobile, the reason was windows mobile is there in the market for a long period of time. Moreover, there has been developing since the last 10 years there have been lots and lots of improving between each different version of the operation system. Also, the window system can be use with windows computer and other Pc from the other company when you want to syn you can do it with any or mostly every computer. Unlike iphone that it need to be syn with a program. Also, it's better than blackberry because if we use blackberry after short period of time the operating system will become slower and slower and it will not last for long then we have to go to the shop to fix our operating system therefore, i think windows mobile is the best operating system for mobile phone nowdays.

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title: User talk:Mrpond55


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User talk:Shirley134

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title: User talk:Shirley134


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User talk:Kallpy

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:33, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 03:48, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kallpy


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User talk:MintJira

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:33, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Delete page?
You blanked your user page. I'm deleting it, accordingly, but if you wish that content to remain visible in history, and thus recoverable by you, I can undelete it. Let me know if you want that. --Abd 17:36, 14 October 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:MintJira


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User talk:Ksoff

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title: User talk:Ksoff


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User talk:Thanokakii

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:37, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 03:54, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thanokakii


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User talk:Prahar21

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title: User talk:Prahar21


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User talk:Nikariakov

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User talk:Aoey99

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User talk:Piyamon91

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User talk:Chutima5280777

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What is the copyright of File:IMG00440-20110410-1034.jpg?
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User talk:Kritporn.p

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title: User talk:Kritporn.p


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User talk:Tk128

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title: User talk:Tk128


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User talk:Joe5380611

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 03:48, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joe5380611


text:
User talk:Jeannie591

 Hello Jeannie591, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:39, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 03:47, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jeannie591


text:
User talk:Kornkanok

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:40, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kornkanok


text:
User talk:Cdewitt91

 Hello Cdewitt91, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:41, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cdewitt91


text:
User talk:Ertdertd

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:41, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ertdertd


text:
User talk:Sath.mew

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:41, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sath.mew


text:
User talk:Rommaneekarn

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:43, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 03:52, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rommaneekarn


text:
User talk:Bowing007

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:43, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bowing007


text:
User talk:Moshax-6

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:43, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

What is the copyright of File:C25585.jpg?
Hi! Thanks for uploading the file File:C25585.jpg. Unfortunately, when you did so you didn't include information about the license, and the file will need a license or other copyright information in order to stay at Wikiversity.

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title: User talk:Moshax-6


text:
User talk:Suvisa

 Hello Suvisa, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:44, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 03:53, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Suvisa


text:
User talk:Tota Ram Sharma

 Hello Tota Ram Sharma, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:45, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tota Ram Sharma


text:
User talk:Shameermbm

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:45, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

Tamil
See https://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/Main_Page for where you can start a Tamil Wikiversity. If you can maintain 10 active Tamil users there, you can request that Tamil be added as its own Wikiversity language. Otherwise, you are always welcome to participate here (in English). -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 19:44, 26 October 2014 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shameermbm


text:
User talk:Losebellyfat101

 Hello Losebellyfat101, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:53, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Losebellyfat101


text:
User talk:Passavee

 Hello Passavee, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 12:56, 2 June 2011 (UTC)

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 03:51, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Passavee


text: User:Auriel~enwikiversity

title: User:Auriel~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Auriel~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Auriel. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Auriel~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:29, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:03, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Auriel~enwikiversity


text:
User:Steelemaley/Situating a Mutation in Learning - A Global Learning Ecology Proposal

"Imagining how events could be otherwise than they are is a hallmark freedom and power of human beings"

D. Bob Gowin: From the Foreword of Building a Global Civic Culture: Education for an Interdependent World (1988).

Paper here soon! Steelemaley 16:56, 2 June 2011 (UTC)


text:
Software/Protel

Placeholder for creation of educational resources for Protel (Altium) software.

It's been proposed to move resources from http://protel-users.org here. Please discuss on the attached Talk page. ("Discuss" tab above).

title: Software/Protel


text:
Situating a Mutation: A Global Learning Ecology Proposal

Abstract:
The hierarchical, managerial, and corporate controlled curricular structures of the "school" are not adequate to meet the challenges faced by the worlds young people in the twenty-first century. Further, the one hundred year absence of systemic change in education provides an environment that is ripe for a Mutation in learning. This argument is cogent in education as only now, in 2010 do we see some meaningful consensus on educational change beginning to solidify, for instance around the need for computers in learning to address the 21st century skills of finding leveraging, synthesizing, collaborating and problem solving with information (Hayes Jacobs ed. 2010, Bonk, 2009, Davidson and Goldberg, 2009). This new and still growing consensus occurs while the bulk of school and curricular policy remains dangerously static (Apple, 2010, Darling Hammond, 2010) and rooted in what Apple, Au, and Gandin (2009, p.3) have called "the ideological and institutional processes and forms that reproduce oppressive conditions". The realization that educational systems are harmfully unresponsive to needed change raises in importance when considering that our world systems are in decline and globalization operates without regard for much of the worlds cultures (Apple, ed. 2010). Our interdependent world calls for a deliberative, culturally conscious, and collaborative generation. With this in mind the future role of learning as a change agent has never been more important. In this article I will propose a new learning ecology that redefines rather than refines the design of education on a global scale. This initiative is grounded in the seminal work of critical educators (James Beane, 1995,1996; Michael Apple, 1990,1996, 2009, 2010, Boulding,1988), Networked Learning mavericks (George Siemens, Steven Downes, Alec Curousa, Graham Atwell, Leigh Blackall), Learning Scientists (R. Kieth Sawyer, Joseph S. Krajcik and Phyllis C. Blumenfeld, Barry J. Fishman and Elizabeth Davis, 2006; Seymore Papert, 1993, 1994, 1996), and learners themselves. The time for a mutation in education has come. As the world realizes ecological overshoot (Catton Jr., 1980; McKibben 2006, 2010), systemic global social crisis (UN millennium Development Goals, 2010; ICISS, 2001), and the exponential growth in global connectivity, education can and _must_ help catalyze a new global civic culture through the radical restructuring of how we design and enable learning in our world.

Full Resource (including all references) here soon! Steelemaley 18:31, 2 June 2011 (UTC)


text:
User:Steelemaley/Project on "At Risk Youth" and Networked Learning

This project will explore a nexus of networked learning and at-risk learners (students, youth, and beyond).

Reflection
Steelemaley 18:44, 2 June 2011 (UTC)


text: File:Steelemaley.png

title: File:Steelemaley.png


text:
Literature/1991/Traue

Excerpts

 * "The Research Library and Public Knowledge" (pp. 53-57)

 * Librarians are document oriented; they are professionally dependent on documents and fail to realise the limitations of documents, their difficulties, and the problems they present to 90 per cent of the population. Documents are irrelevant to most people most of the time; they prefer wherever possible to use other people to acquire information face to face, where they can ask questions and clarify what is uncertain or not understood. When they need help on a course of action they usually seek advice from other people.
 * Knowledge, in Wilson's formulation, consists of private knowledge and public knowledge. At any one time a great deal of knowledge is private, an individual's knowledge which is unrecorded, unavailable, private, never revealed. Public knowledge consists of recorded knowledge and other knowledge held by individuals which is publicly available though not necessarily recorded.
 * ... documents are but representations of knowledge, not knowledge itself, and one has to work at the documents to obtain the knowledge for oneself. You may give a document to a person but he or she may not necessarily have the ability to acquire the knowledge represented. [...] Making knowledge available in a documentary representation is not necessarily making it accessible. (p. 54)
 * Let us now turn to the role of the library .... Jesse Shera ... has neatly summed it up in one sentence: 'the library is an instrumentality created to maximise the utility of graphic records for the benefit of society.' Shera's formulation, with its emphasis on utility, that the usefulness, the profitability, of the use of graphic records, makes knowledge transfer the key element. A library's function, in my gloss of Shera, is to maximise knowledge transfer to society from graphic records for the benefit of society.  However, if you accept Wilson's argument, by maximising document availability you are not necessarily maximising the accessibility of the knowledge contained in the documents, not necessarily maximising knowledge transfer.
 * Clearly then, if the acquisition of knowledge from documents by a person depends on the abilities and effort of that person, the most useful libraries are those in which the documents are closely matched with the abilities of the user, where the effort to acquire information is minimised.
 * The contents of a specialist library ... have been chosen to match the specialist knowledge of their users, and while they will have utility for their specialist user groups they could well be incomprehensible and therefore have no or very low utility for those lacking specialist knowledge.

title: Literature/1991/Traue


text:
Literature/1972/Shera

Wikimedia

 * Sociology of scientific knowledge

Further readings

 * (1970).  Sociological Foundations of Librarianship. New York: Asia Pub. House.
 * (1966). Documentation and the Organization of Knowledge. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books.

Reviews

 *

title: Literature/1972/Shera


text:
Literature/1970/Shera

Wikimedia

 * Sociology of scientific knowledge

Further readings

 * (1972). The Foundations of Education for Librarianship. New York: Becker and Hayes.
 * (1966). Documentation and the Organization of Knowledge. Hamden, Conn.: Archon Books.

title: Literature/1970/Shera


text:
User:EGM6341.S11.team5.cavalcanti/Mtg3

 Mtg 3: Mon, 10 Jan 11 [[media: Nm1.s11.mtg3.djvu | Page 3-1]]

Taylor Series (cont'd)}
 * Students who just joined
 * Example of computation for insight: Nature 2007 paper by Bottke et al. on origin of Chicxulub crater → extinction of dinosaurs

Note: HW * was assigned in S10.

Boxed comment: Either – you did HW* on your own, w/o the help of S10 HW reports. Or – if you did look at S10 HW reports, link to that S10 HW rep., and indicate improvements you brought to their soln. Avoid plagiarism.  "End Note"

[[media: Nm1.s11.mtg3.djvu | Page 3-2]]

Taylor series

Theorem: On Taylor series (A., p.4, Thm 1.4)

Any $$f\left(.\right)$$st $${f}^{\left(n+1\right)}$$exists and continuous. $$\color{blue}{{f}^{\left(n+1\right)}\left(x\right)\mathrm{\colon }=\frac{{d}^{\left(n+1\right)}}{{\mathit{dx}}^{\left(n+1\right)}}f\left(x\right)}$$

$$f\left(x\right)={p}_{n}\left(x\right)+{R}_{\left(n+1\right)}\left(x\right)$$ → lowercase “p”, mnemonic for “polynomial” of order n $${p}_{n}\in {P}_{n}$$ = set of poly. of deg. ≤ n

[[media: Nm1.s11.mtg3.djvu | Page 3-3]]

Here, $${f}_{n}\left(x\right)\equiv {p}_{n}\left(x\right)$$. For Taylor series of $$f\left(.\right)$$at $${x}_{0}$$:

$$=\frac{{\left(x-{x}_{0}\right)}^{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)!}{f}^{\left(n+1\right)}(\xi )$$for $$\xi \in \left\lbrack {x}_{0},x\right\rbrack $$

[[media: Nm1.s11.mtg3.djvu | Page 3-4]]

title: User:EGM6341.S11.team5.cavalcanti/Mtg3


text:
User:EGM6341.S11.team5.cavalcanti/Mtg5

Mtg 5: Fri, 14 Jan 11 [[media: Nm1.s11.mtg5.djvu | Page 5-1]]

Create wiki account with team number

Scalar (inner product) of 2 functions (cont'd)

Consider

$$\sum _{i}\underbrace{f\left({x}_{i}\right)g\left({x}_{i}\right)}_{\color{blue}{u(x_{i})}}\underbrace{h}_{\color{blue}{h \to 0 as n \to \infty }}\color{red}{< +\infty} $$

“finite” for integrable functions

Another similar choice:

$$< f,g> \mathrm{\colon }=\frac{h}{2}u\left({x}_{0}\right)+\sum _{i=\color{red}{1}}^{\color{red}{n-1}}u\left({x}_{i}\right)h+\frac{h}{2}u\left({x}_{n}\right)\color{blue}{={T}_{n}\left(u\right)_{n \to \infty}}$$

$$\color{blue}{{T}_{n}\left(u\right)}$$ = Trapezoidal rule for $$\color{blue}{{\int }_{a}^{b}\underbrace{u\left(x\right)}_{f(x)g(x)}\mathit{dx}}$$

[[media: Nm1.s11.mtg5.djvu | Page 5-2]]  As n → ∞,

2 – Norm of f:

→ Orthogonal functions →

e.g., $$\color{blue}{\left\lbrace \mathrm{1,}\cos n\omega x,\sin n\omega x,\mathrm{...}\right\rbrace }$$

in Fourier series expansion

Legendre polynomial

Chebyshev polynomial, etc....

Runge phenomenon

Gauss-Legendre quadrature

Spectral methods (Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature)

[[media: Nm1.s11.mtg5.djvu | Page 5-3]]

Proof of Taylor Series: Similar technique used in error analysis later.

title: User:EGM6341.S11.team5.cavalcanti/Mtg5


text:
User:EGM6341.S11.team5.cavalcanti/Mtg7

'''Mtg. 7: Mon, 17 Jan 11 [[media: Nm1.s11.mtg7.djvu | Page 7-1]] '''

(2) p. 6-5:

Error:

$$\begin{array}{c}{E}_{n}\left(f\right)=I\left(f\right)-{I}_{n}\left(f\right)\\ ={\int }_{0}^{1}\left\lbrack f\left(x\right)-{f}_{n}\left(x\right)\right\rbrack \mathit{dx}\\ ={\int }_{0}^{1}\underbrace{\underbrace{\frac{{x}^{n}}{\left(n+1\right)!}}_{\color{blue}{W(x)}} \underbrace{\exp \left\lbrack \xi \left(x\right)\right\rbrack }_{\color{blue}{g(x)}}\mathit{dx}}_{\color{blue}{IMVT} \ \color{red}{(1)} \ p.6-3}\end{array}$$

$${E}_{n}=\underbrace{g(\alpha )}_{\color{blue}{exp[\xi (\alpha)]}}\underbrace{{\int }_{0}^{1}W\left(x\right)\mathit{dx}}_{\color{blue}{\frac{1}{(n+1)!(n+1)}}},\alpha \in \left\lbrack \mathrm{0,1}\right\rbrack $$

[[media: Nm1.s11.mtg7.djvu | Page 7-2]]  $$\begin{array}{c}\mathit{\min } \ g(\alpha )=\mathrm{1,}\forall \alpha \in \left\lbrack \mathrm{0,1}\right\rbrack \\ \mathit{\max } \ g(\alpha )=e,\forall \alpha \in \left\lbrack \mathrm{0,1}\right\rbrack \end{array}$$

$$\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)!\left(n+1\right)}\le {E}_{n}\le \frac{e}{\left(n+1\right)!\left(n+1\right)}$$

$${I}_{6}=1.3178\mathrm{...}$$ A. p.250 $$\color{blue}{n = 6 \to} $$$$2.83 \times 10^{-5} \leqslant E_{6}=I-I_{6} \leqslant 7.70 \times 10^{-5} $$

[[media: Nm1.s11.mtg7.djvu | Page 7-3]] Trapezoidal Rule:

Simple Rule: [[media: Nm1.s11.mtg7.djvu | Page 7-4]]

Composite rule:

$${f}_{i}=f\left({x}_{i}\right),i=\mathrm{0,1,.}\mathrm{..},n$$

Simpson's Rule: Use 2nd order polu (parabola) to approx. f(.).

Simple rule:

2 intervals: $$\left\lbrack {x}_{0},{x}_{1}\right\rbrack ,\left\lbrack {x}_{1},{x}_{2}\right\rbrack $$

Composite Rule:

$$n=\mathrm{2k},k=\mathrm{0,1,2,.}\mathrm{..}h=\left(b-a\right)/n$$

[[media: Nm1.s11.mtg7.djvu | Page 7-5]]  Gauss-Legendre quadrature: See FEA1 F10 for more info.

$$\left\lbrace {x}_{i},i=\mathrm{1,}\mathrm{...},n\right\rbrace $$ = roots of Pn(x), Legendre poly. of order n.

$$\left\lbrace {W}_{i},i=\mathrm{1,}\mathrm{...},n\right\rbrace $$ = weights associated w. {x i}

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_quadrature

title: User:EGM6341.S11.team5.cavalcanti/Mtg7


text:
User:JehLay

Blessings always be!

JehLay is a combination of Jeh from Gerald and Lay the family name. JehLay is the nickname of Gerald Lay. JehLay also known as Gerald Lay a Filipino was born on the 16 October 1958, Manila, Philippines. JehLay most favorite quotation: Blessings always be!

JehLay as an individual traveler travelling the world river of time today believes in respect begets respect; karma, law of cause and effect; that's why JehLay only passes through this world but once, JehLay will do the best!

JehLay a student of Life and student for Life knows that experiences are the best teachers guiding and giving references for the possible solutions in life. Since Life is short, that's why JehLay is determined to make most out of it in Life. Since Life is what we make of it, we should know how we go about it, and most importantly is how to survive it!

JehLay have such fascinations of soul searching leading to soul travelling with the goal of reaching the Golden Temple of Wisdom to discover and explore the quest for infinite wisdom but with Divine Guidance from the Supreme Great Architect of the Universe.

As an ordinary individual JehLay is still learning to subdue the destructive passions in life such as anger, greed, lust, vanity and attachment. Because destiny is not a matter of chance but a choice; a choice, the path to follow with the will to survive and achieve the destination. Destiny is a thing to be achieved!

JehLay discovered that Love is the formula to success; because with Love, one learns humility. The real purpose of Love is not getting what we want; its main principle is the unconditional unselfishly giving of what we have. Cannot put a price or tag on the Love we give or share. Do not expect any return of investment of Love. Giving Love unconditionally eases as it releases the heavy feeling of the other destructive passions which burden within!

Blessings always be!

title: User:JehLay


text:
User:Odisha1

I am active at English Wikipedia & Odia Wikipedia

IRC:Odisha1

title: User:Odisha1


text:
Literature/1976/Belkin

Excerpts

 * In their paper, Wersig and Neveling find that what is now called information science developed, historically:  "... not because of a specific phenomenon which always existed before and which now becomes an object of study -- but because of a new necessity to study a problem which has completely changed its relevance to society. Nowadays the problem of transmitting knowledge to those who need it is a social responsibility, and this social responsibility seems to be the real background of 'information science'."  Their argument, essentially, is that the present discipline arose from the rather disconnected previous activities generally aimed at the problem stated above, especially because that problem has become vastly more important (to society) in recent years. (p. 197)
 * Table 3. The Basic Phenomena of Information Science  Of these three phenomena, information science has up to now regarded the first as its major concern; some interest has been shown in the second, but study of this phenomenon has largely been concentrated in the context of psychology or education. The third phenomenon remains virtually virgin territory. (p. 202)

title: Literature/1976/Belkin


text:
Literature/1975/Wersig

Excerpts

 * ... not because of a specific phenomenon which always existed before and which now becomes an object of study -- but because of a new necessity to study a problem which has completely changed its relevance to society. Nowadays the problem of transmitting knowledge to those who need it is a social responsibility, and this social responsibility seems to be the real background of 'information science.

title: Literature/1975/Wersig


text:
Literature/1974/Collins

Wikimedia

 * Tacit knowledge

title: Literature/1974/Collins


text:
Literature/1973/Geertz

Chronology

 * McCloskey, Deirdre (1988). "Thick and Thin Methodologies in the History of Economic Thought". In: The Popperian Legacy in Economics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 245-57.

Reviews

 * "Thick Description: Toward an Interpretive Theory of Culture," pp. 3-30.  In this essay, he explains that he adopted the term "thick description" from philosopher Gilbert Ryle. Ryle pointed out that if someone winks at us without a context, we don't know what it means. It might mean the person is attracted to us, that they are trying to communicate secretly, that they understand what you mean, or anything. As the context changes, the meaning of the wink changes.   Geertz argues that all human behaviour is like this. He therefore distinguishes between a thin description, which (to extend our example) describes only the wink itself, and a thick description, which explains the context of the practices and discourse within a society. According to Geertz, the task of the anthropologist is to give thick descriptions.   In anthropology and other fields, a thick description of a human behaviour is one that explains not just the behaviour, but its context as well, such that the behaviour becomes meaningful to an outsider.

title: Literature/1973/Geertz


text:
Literature/1976/Chisholm

Wikimedia

 * Roderick Chisholm
 * Chisholm argued for the primacy of the mental over linguistic intentionality, as suggested in the title of Person and Object (1976) that was deliberately contrasted with Quine's Word and Object (1960). In this regard, he defended the direct attribution theory of reference in The First Person (1981). He argues that we refer to things other than ourselves by directly attributing properties to them, and that we indirectly or relatively attribute properties to them by directly attributing properties to ourselves. Suppose the following bed scene:  (1) a man M is in bed B with a woman W, namely, M-B-W, or (2) a woman W is in bed B with a man M, namely, W-B-M.  If I were M and "U" were W, then I could directly attribute to myself the property (1) or M-B-W, while indirectly to "U" the property (2) or W-B-M, thereby referring to "U". That is, to say (1) is relatively to say (2), or to explicate M-B-W is to implicate W-B-M.

title: Literature/1976/Chisholm


text:
Literature/1973/Merton

 * http://books.google.com/books?id=zPvcHuUMEMwC

Excerpts

 * Since the emergence of the Mertonian paradigm in the early 1960s, most research in the field appears to fit Kuhn's definition of "normal science." Not only Merton's own work but that of many others in the field have focused primarily on problems which, once elucidated, turn out to be directly relevant to questions explicit or implicit in the paradigm. In short, the sociology of science has matured to the point where much research involves "puzzle-solving." As Kuhn emphasizes, to describe research as "puzzle-solving" does not imply that it falls short of being imaginative, satisfying, or important. Filling out the areas which a paradigm can only identify -- what Merton has described as "specified ignorance" -- is as necessary to the development of scientific knowledge as is the scientific revolution; without the yin of normal science, there would be no basis for the yang of scientific revolution -- and the latter is comparatively rare. (p. xxx) -- From "Introduction" by Norman W. Storer

Reviews

 * The exploration of the social conditions that facilitate or retard the search for scientific knowledge has been the major theme of Robert K. Merton's work for forty years. This collection of papers [is] a fascinating overview of this sustained inquiry .... There are very few other books in sociology ... with such meticulous scholarship, or so elegant a style. This collection of papers is, and is likely to remain for a long time, one of the most important books in sociology.
 * Joseph Ben-David, New York Times Book Review.

Wikimedia

 * Sociology of scientific knowledge

title: Literature/1973/Merton


text:
Literature/1963/Kessler

Wikimedia

 * Bibliographic coupling
 * Citation analysis
 * Citation index
 * Science Citation Index
 * CiteSeer

title: Literature/1963/Kessler


text:
Literature/1962/Kuhn

Excerpts

 * Every civilization of which we have records has possessed a technology, an art, a religion, a political system, laws and so on. In many cases those facets of civilizations have been as developed as our own. But only the civilizations that descend from Hellenic Greece have possessed more than the most rudimentary science. The bulk of scientific knowledge is a product of Europe in the last four centuries. No other place and time has supported the very special communities from which scientific productivity comes. (pp. 167-8)

Wikimedia

 * Sociology of scientific knowledge
 * Scientific revolution
 * Paradigm shift

title: Literature/1962/Kuhn


text:
Literature/1963/Popper

Excerpts

 * Every solution of a problem raises new unsolved problems; the more so the deeper the original problem and the bolder its solution. The more we learn about the world, and the deeper our learning, the more conscious, specific, and articulate will be our knowledge of what we do not know, our knowledge of our ignorance. For this, indeed, is the main source of our ignorance -- the fact that our knowledge is finite, while our ignorance must necessarily be infinite. (pp. 28-29)

Wikimedia

 * Philosophy of science

title: Literature/1963/Popper


text:
Literature/1998/Bollacker

 * http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=280786&CFID=27098096&CFTOKEN=10118008

Abstract
Research papers available on the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) are often poorly organized, often exist in forms opaque to search engines (e.g. Postscript), and increase in quantity daily. Significant amounts of time and effort are typically needed in order to find interesting and relevant publications on the Web. We have developed a Web based information agent that assists the user in the process of performing a scientific literature search. Given a set of keywords, the agent uses Web search engines and heuristics to locate and download papers. The papers are parsed in order to extract information features such as the abstract and individually identified citations. The agents Web interface can be used to find relevant papers in the database using keyword searches, or by navigating the links between papers formed by the citations. Links to both citing and cited publications can be followed. In addition to simple browsing and keyword searches, the agent can find papers which are similar to a given paper using word information and by analyzing common citations made by the papers.

Wikimedia

 * CiteSeer
 * CiteSeerX

title: Literature/1998/Bollacker


text:
Literature/1999/Lawrence

 * http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=319970&CFID=27098096&CFTOKEN=10118008

Abstract

 * The web has greatly improved access to scientific literature. However, scientific articles on the web are largely disorganized, with research articles being spread across archive sites, institution sites, journal sites, and researcher homepages. No index covers all of the available literature, and the major web search engines typically do not index the content of Postscript/PDF documents at all. This paper discusses the creation of digital libraries of scientific literature on the web, including the efficient location of articles, full-text indexing of the articles, autonomous citation indexing, information extraction, display of query-sensitive summaries and citation context, hubs and authorities computation, similar document detection, user profiling, distributed error correction, graph analysis, and detection of overlapping documents. The software for the system is available at no cost for non-commercial use.

Wikimedia

 * CiteSeer
 * CiteSeerX
 * Citation indexing

title: Literature/1999/Lawrence


text:
Literature/1998/Lawrence

Wikimedia

 * CiteSeer
 * CiteSeerX
 * Citation indexing

title: Literature/1998/Lawrence


text:
Literature/1998/Giles

 * http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=276685&CFID=27098096&CFTOKEN=10118008

Wikimedia

 * CiteSeer
 * CiteSeerX
 * Citation indexing

title: Literature/1998/Giles


text:
Literature/1998/Brin

 * http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=297827&CFID=27098096&CFTOKEN=10118008

Wikimedia

 * Google

title: Literature/1998/Brin


text:
Template:TOCright/doc

 * 1) TOC right forces the auto-generated Table of Contents for an article to appear in a table that is floated to the right side of the page, in order to improve article layout.
 * 2) TOC nest right Operates similarly, but is designed to use early in introduction or second sections on the many pages having a lot of images or wikitable elements such as infoboxes dominating the right side of such pages. TOC nest right will drift up against such constructs allowing text wrapping above, left and below preventing discordantly ugly page breaks and large excessive whitespace gaps on the page as given by the default TOC.

Usage
Insert  at the point in the article where you want the top of the Table of Contents box to appear. This should usually be after the text of the lead section, and just before the first section heading, in accordance with Lead section. Use with - or clear to prevent collision with text; use the clear parameter (see below) to prevent collision with images.

Parameters (optional)

 * clear : Sets the CSS clear property, which forces this float underneath the side specified with this attribute. So,  (which is the default) will place the element after all the right floating elements before it.  Options are ,  ,  , or.

 * width: Set the CSS width.

 * limit: Limits the depth of subheadings shown.  For instance using   will hide the fourth level and deeper subheadings in the hierarchy.  And   will hide all subheadings leaving only the main headings.  This is implemented as a CSS class in the MediaWiki:Common.css.

 * Avoid placing the TOC in a visually poor location. Crossing a section division is probably a poor idea.
 * If the TOC is floated left of a bulleted list, the bullets will be hidden.

Cautions
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Do not place this template so that the TOC aligns with a large image or infobox; this breaks the layout on narrow screens (even users with screens as wide as 1024px wide can have problems). Also, a TOC that crosses a section division is probably a poor idea, if that can be avoided.

Unless the section in which the TOC right is placed is long enough, the result may well be undesirable.

It should only be used in cases where the TOC gets in the way of other content or is detrimental to the layout of the page; it should not simply be used for aesthetics since it tampers with the standard appearance of articles. See w:Help:Section for further guidelines.

title: Template:TOCright/doc


text:
Template:BookCat/doc

This template puts the page on which it's used into appropriate categories, based on certain page-naming and page-categorization conventions.

Usage
When used without parameters, it
 * places subpages of a book in the book's category and sorts them by chapter name.
 * places a book's templates in the book's template category . This only works if a book's templates begin with.
 * places a book's template category in the book's category and in.
 * places any other category in its parent, sorted by the category's last name. The parent has the same name except removing everything from the last slash on; and the last name is the part that was removed after that last slash.  For example,   would go in    with sort key.

Parameters
Optional parameter   changes the behavior on book pages, so that a book page with more than one slash in its name is placed in a subcategory of the category where its parent page would be placed, sorted by the page's last name. For example, using   on page    would put that page in    with sort key.

Optional parameter   changes the behavior on template pages to deep filing (so    would go in  ).

title: Template:BookCat/doc


text:
Template:ISO 639 name de

German

id:Templat:ISO 639 name de pt:Predefinição:ISO 639 nome de

title: Template:ISO 639 name de


text:
Template:ISO 639 name conversion template doc

{{documentation|1=Template:ISO 639 name conversion template doc|content=

Usage
This template is part of a series that resolves the ISO 639-1, ISO 639-2 and ISO 639-3 codes to language names.


text:
Template:ISO 639 name conversion template doc/doc

Usage
This is the documentation template for Category:ISO 639 name from code templates

Example

produces the documentation box on ISO 639 name de.

pt:Predefinição:ISO 639 nome Predefinição de conversão doc


text: Template:Infobox Particle/doc

title: Template:Infobox Particle/doc


text:
Template:SubatomicParticle/doc

Purpose
A templates to be used for displaying subatomic particles with or without a link.

Arguments
If the parameter yes is set, then the particle symbol will link to the appropriate wikipedia article.

Errors
Errors will happen when the particle specified is not implemented in SubatomicParticle/symbol and/or SubatomicParticle/link. Errors will show up as an error message on the page instead of the expected symbol. Pages that have such errors are added to Category:Pages with incorrect formatting templates use.

Examples

(See Template:SubatomicParticle/list for a complete list of supported particles.)

Dependencies

 * This template uses SubatomicParticle/symbol to get the symbols for the individual particles.
 * This template uses SubatomicParticle/link to get the wikipedia page to link to for the individual particles.

Adding new particles
Not all particles have been added yet. Feel free to add new particles when you find they do not yet exist. Here's how to do that:

Add Symbol
Go to SubatomicParticle/symbol and edit it to see the code for the template. There is a switch statement there that has an entry for each particle which allows this template to return how to display each symbol. You should decide upon a good name for the particle and create a new entry for the it. The entries do not need to be in a particular order for the template to work, but it makes finding them a lot easier if you put all similar particles grouped close to eachother. If there are multiple ways of spelling the name or there are multiple names for a particle, consider making multiple entries with the same info. The entry should look like this:

Have a look at PhysicsParticle to see what you can do with it. Here are two examples of entries for the electron, which is relatively simple and for the neutral strange anti B meson , which is named "strange antib0" and one of the more complex particles to create:

Add Link
Go to SubatomicParticle/link and edit it. Here you need to create a entry to specify where to link to for each particle, just like in the previous step. Use the same name for you particle here that you used in SubatomicParticle/symbol or the link argument will not work! If you created multiple entries for the same particle under different names in SubatomicParticle/symbol, you should do the same here. Editing this is a lot simpler, you just specify the name and the page to link to like so:

Here's the examples entries for electron and charmed anti B meson again:

Check changes
Go to SubatomicParticle/list and see if it still renders correctly. If not, you've screwed things up badly and half of wikipedia has become unreadable. Go back to SubatomicParticle/symbol and SubatomicParticle/link and undo your changes immediately. After you've undone the damage, you can try to find out what you did wrong and try again. (At some point we'll probably need to create some kind of sandbox for this.) If all is well, you can test your new particle by adding it to this page, this should be fairly simple and self explantory; just copy+paste an existing entry and modify the copy to display your new particle. Again, please put it in a logical place, grouping similar particles together. Let me know if you feel I need to create a step by step explanation of this as well. Please do not omit this step, because people will end up adding the same particle multiple times if they do not know it exists!

title: Template:SubatomicParticle/doc


text:
Template:SubatomicParticle/symbol/doc

Template for getting symbols for subatomic particles given its name. Arguments
 * 1) 1  = The name of the particle

The symbols have been gathered from various wikipedia pages and lack references. If you are in a position to verify and/or update the information, feel free to do so.

This is a sub-template used by Template:SubatomicParticle. Please do not use this directly, unless you have a clear need to do so. If you find yourself in a need to use this template directly, please put a remark on the talk page to notify others of this use.

To see which particles are supported, please check Template:SubatomicParticle/list. If you edit this page and add new particles, please also update Template:SubatomicParticle/list as well as Template:SubatomicParticle/link!

title: Template:SubatomicParticle/symbol/doc


text: Template:Tn

title: Template:Tn


text:
Template:Tn/doc

This macro is used similarly to, to show the name of a template with the open and close braces around it. But this macro makes the inner braces part of the link, whereas does not make the braces part of the link. This is to allow shorter template names to be easier to click on. The "Tn" name is short for Template name.

Usage
It will render this:

Compare with:

name

Which renders this:

 * name

title: Template:Tn/doc


text:
Template:Name

 * - style="background: white; "
 * name:

title: Template:Name


text: Template:Tlsx

title: Template:Tlsx


text:
Template:Tlsx/doc

→
 * Purpose: Similar to but for templates which should be substituted instead.

Up to six parameters for the specified template are displayed as placeholders, more parameters are shown as "| ...".

title: Template:Tlsx/doc


text: Template:Mod

title: Template:Mod


text:
Template:Mod/doc

Implements the mathematical modulo operator. The returned result is always of the same sign as the modulus or nul, and its absolute value is lower than the absolute value of the modulus. However, this template returns 0 if the modulus is nul (this template should never return a division by zero error). This template is not the same as the mod operator in the #expr parser function.

This template can be substituted.

 * Usage :
 * dividend modulus
 * Computes the modulo dynamically.
 * dividend modulus
 * Substitute the template invokation by its computed value when saving an article wiki source.

 * Examples with positive integer modulus :

 * Examples with negative integer modulus :

 * Examples with positive non integer modulus :

 * Examples with nul modulus :

title: Template:Mod/doc


text: Template:Resize

title: Template:Resize


text: Template:Resize/doc

title: Template:Resize/doc


text:
Template talk:Template category

I hope nobody minds that I've changed the template to the Wikipedia version... My reasons for doing so: Gaidheal1 19:43, 3 June 2011 (UTC)
 * I don't think anyone else had actually used it
 * The previous version looked confusing - it included a link to the root category for some reason
 * The WP version can use parameters which make the template easier on the eyes

title: Template talk:Template category


text:
Template:Template category/doc

The template category template should be placed at the top of categories that contain only template pages and their related subcategories.

Full syntax

Parameters
The following parameters that are all optional, may also be used:

 * type       : Adds a note as to which type of template the category (but not necessarily its subcategories) is meant to contain, e.g.

 * Currently, setting type to one of eleven values produces a preset note. The values are:

ambox· campaignbox· conversion· external link· formatting function· infobox· meta· navbox· stub· timeline· userbox
 * If type is set to something other than one of these values, the default message "The pages listed in this category are meant be type templates." appears.

 * topic      : Adds the default description "Templates relating to topic.", where topic is usually a wikilink to the main article associated with the category (e.g. United States for the category ). See Example 1 below.

 * description : Use this if a customised description is needed instead of (or, if topic also used, to follow) the default description above. See Example 2 below.

 * portal     : Adds a portal-style link to the right of any topic and/or description text. See Example 3 below

 * help       : Use this to provide customised instructions rather than the default explanation as to how to add a template to the category.

 * container  : Use this if the category is a container category by adding yes to the template.

Example 1

Example 2

Example 3

Example 4

title: Template:Template category/doc


text:
Template:Namespace category

Adds the current page to the given category only when it resides in the given namespace. Note: The main namespace is blank (empty namespace).

Usage:

title: Template:Namespace category


text:
User:Nader8887

hi

title: User:Nader8887


text:
Template:Cat

Category:

title: Template:Cat


text:
Template:Cat/doc

Usage
Creates a link to the specified category.

Example:

title: Template:Cat/doc


text:
Literature/1979/Farradane

 * Reprinted in: G. Walker, ed., The Information Environment: A Reader, G. K. Hall & Co., pp. 4-11.
 * http://jis.sagepub.com/content/1/1/13.full.pdf+html

Author

 * Jason Farradane
 * School of Library and Information Science, University of Western Ontario, London, Ont. CANADA N6A 5B9

Abstract
Starting from the definition of 'information' as a physical surrogate of knowledge (i.e. a spoken or written record), its relation to the originator, and its transformations on communication to a recipient, and the recipient's mental state and possibly physical (social) reactions to it, are discussed. The transformations of 'information' in information retrieval systems are also considered. It is argued that this is the essential basis for developing a true information science.

Reviews

 * As noted by Michael Buckland (1991), Farradane states that "'information' should be defined as any physical form of representation, or surrogate, of knowledge, or of a particular thought, used for communication." (p. 4)

title: Literature/1979/Farradane