text:
User talk:Bryce~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Bryce, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 18:16, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bryce. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bryce~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:32, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:04, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bryce~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Mathmarker

Welcome
Hello Mathmarker, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 18:16, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Mathmarker


text:
User talk:Kenhimura

Welcome
Hello Kenhimura, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 18:16, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kenhimura


text:
User talk:Amr.a.ayoub~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Amr.a.ayoub, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 18:16, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Amr.a.ayoub. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Amr.a.ayoub~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:02, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Amr.a.ayoub~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Red Prince~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Red Prince, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 18:16, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Red Prince. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Red Prince~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:49, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:18, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Red Prince~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Ademuhammad~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Ademuhammad, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 18:16, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ademuhammad. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ademuhammad~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:01, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ademuhammad~enwikiversity


text:
Category:ICT Literacy (Social Entrepreneurship)

Resources for learning how to use computers and the Internet to help achieve social entrepreneurial goals.


text: Category:Organisations (Social Entrepreneurship)


text: Category:University (Social Entrepreneurship)


text: Category:Research Institute (Social Entrepreneurship)


text: Category:Curriculum (Social Entrepreneurship)


text: Category:Readings (Social Entrepreneurship)


text:
Template:Computer Science/Computer Science news

 * Always looking for new contributors and participants!

 * 16 April 2019: Cloud computing a Pocket Guide is ready!
 * 29 March 2019: The lesson: Python Concepts/Using Python's Decimal module is ready!
 * 19 March 2019: The course Computer Architecture Lab is ready for learners!
 * 15 March 2019: All lessons for Internet Protocol Analysis an advanced computer networking topic are ready for learners!
 * 16 February 2019: The course HTML or HyperText Markup Language is ready for learners!
 * 14 February 2019: DevOps a software engineering culture and practice is ready!
 * 14 October 2014: Dedicated Programming Compiler proposal started!
 * 9 August 2007: Introduction to Technical Writing welcomes contributors and editors
 * 19 January 2007: Portal:Computer Science begun!
 * 16 August 2006: - School of Computer Science founded!


text:
Portal:Computer Science/Computer Science topics

Introduction to Computer Science - Computer science program - Anthropomorphic Robotics - Introduction to Programming in Java - A Hands-On Introduction to Game Design and Production Processes - C Source Codes - Operating Systems - Operate a personal computer - Checking open proxies - Configuring and administering a network operating system - Conway's Game of Life - Cryptography - Data Structures and Algorithms - Distributed P2P search engine - Embedded System Engineering - Websites Qualification - Information management using open source - Introduction to SQL - Introduction to algorithms - Introduction to boolean logic - Markerless Tracking - Massive Multiplayer Online Role Playing Game Research Project - OpenMoko - Python Operators - Quantum computing - Reinforcement learning - Remote Learning Development - Wikiversity computer skills - Software testing/Introduction - Unsolved problems in software engineering - Wikiversity screen saver


text:
User talk:Fionaff

Welcome
Hello Fionaff, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Fionaff


text:
User talk:Gonch~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Gonch, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:40, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Gonch. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Gonch~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:37, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:09, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Gonch~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Ilyabodner

Welcome
Hello Ilyabodner, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:41, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ilyabodner


text:
User talk:Hermanj13~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Hermanj13, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:41, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Hermanj13. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Hermanj13~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:33, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:11, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hermanj13~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:J-stan

Welcome
Hello J-stan, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:41, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:J-stan


text:
User talk:Snowolf

Welcome
Hello Snowolf, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:41, 29 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Snowolf


text:
Portal:Computer Science/Did you know

Did you know that Wikiversity has its own screen saver?

title: Portal:Computer Science/Did you know


text: File:Filmmaking sample formatted script page.png


title: File:Imagemap-bordi1.svg


text:
File:Seduced-Red Prince.pdf

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to format a movie script

title: File:Seduced-Red Prince.pdf


text:
User talk:LadyErlynne

Welcome
Hello LadyErlynne, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 01:08, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:LadyErlynne


text:
User talk:Merichardson

Welcome
Hello Merichardson, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 01:08, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Merichardson


text:
User talk:Astaines~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Astaines, and welcome to Wikiversity! I see you wasted no time creating learning materials (e.g. the notion of slope). That's what I like to see. If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 01:09, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Astaines. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Astaines~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:29, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:03, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Astaines~enwikiversity


text:
User:J'raxis~enwikiversity

J’raxis 270145 spends most of his time over at Wikipedia, but also contributes to this wiki from time to time.

title: User:J'raxis~enwikiversity


text:
Talk:Continuum mechanics/Motion and displacement

This is not for the Non-linear FE course
The page is an inclusion of continuum mechanics background from the non-linear finite elements course, and the opening text
 * To understand the updated Lagrangian formulation and nonlinear finite elements of solids, we have to know continuum mechanics. A brief introduction to continuum mechanics is given in the following. ... You should also read an introductory text on continuum mechanics such as Nonlinear continuum mechanics for finite element analysis by Bonet and Wood.

does not really apply. Papna 01:50, 30 October 2007 (UTC)


text:
User talk:J'raxis~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello J'raxis, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 02:38, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called J'raxis. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name J'raxis~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:34, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:11, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:J'raxis~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Nickharley

Welcome
Hello Nickharley, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 02:38, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nickharley


text:
User talk:Ceciliatudo~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Ceciliatudo, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 02:39, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ceciliatudo. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ceciliatudo~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:29, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:04, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ceciliatudo~enwikiversity


text: File:Wikieducator-logo.png

title: File:Wikieducator-logo.png


text:
User:JWSchmidt/Sadi

I think the main issue here is how the Wikipedia community deals with POV pushers and scam artists. A fundamental problem is that Wikipedia is a magnet for people who want to push their pseudoscientific ideas and personal websites such as those that market bogus medical treatments. This problem was anticipated from the start of Wikipedia, but Wikipedia has a problem attracting and retaining experts who can recognize editing by scam artists. Worse, even when a scam artist is recognized, there is an army of fellow scam artists and the just-plain-clueless editors (including administrators) who jump to the defense of scam artists in community discussions. Wikipedia has to find a way to better utilize editors with expertise for the identification of disruptive editors and making sure that disruptive editors are banned from Wikimedia projects once they are identified.

24 May 2005, w:User:209.86.97.41 ("Libb Thims [B.S. Chemical Engineering, B.S. Electrical Engineering, Ph.D. Biochemistry - M.D. Neuroscience (in progress)]") created Human thermodynamics and it was discussed at w:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Human thermodynamics and deleted 25 May 2005.

From that article:

"The bond type inherent within human relationships is the Photon Bond, the second strongest of the 4 fundamental forces, which functions via the exchange of field particles called photons [γ]. Stable bonds occur when attraction (owing to field particle exhange) outweights repulsion. Stable human marriage bonds are characterized by a 5:1 ratio of attraction to repulsion. Above this ratio, divorce ensues [the di-humanide molecule de-bonds]. The reaction central to human life is the formation of the marriage bond wherein a male human molecule [Mx] bonds to a female human molecule [Fy] to yield a di-humanide molecule [MxFy] and a new baby-child human molecule [Bc]; 85% of people will enter into and be transformed through this reaction: Mx + Fy --> MxFy + Bc"

 * Do you really have so many editors and administrators who don't recognize this as utter BS?198.228.228.175 (discuss) 23:50, 8 July 2014 (UTC)Collin237

The "Human thermodynamics" article cited several fringe websites, in particular the one by Libb Thims (which is a website all about pseudoscientific "Human thermodynamics").

The w:User:Wavesmikey started editing 8 June 2005 and sometimes signed talk page edits as "Libb Thims". 16 June 2005 re-created Human thermodynamics. 20 June 2005 editing at w:Wikipedia:Articles for deletion/Human thermodynamics 2. Article deleted again, 30 June 2005.

From the second version of the Human thermodynamics article.

"Human chemical reactions occur when old bonds are broken and new bonds are formed. The reaction mechanism central to human life is the process wherein a man M meets or collides in time with a woman W over the substrate surface called ‘earth’ to form a bonded relationship: M + W --> M-W"

8 August 2005 w:User:Wavesmikey starts editing existing articles such as Exergonic, Physical chemistry, Thermodynamics and sometimes inserting spam links to the Libb Thims "Human thermodynamics" website. 20 September 2005 starts editing some "psychology-related" articles such as Evil and inserting the same spam.

24 September 2005 w:User:Wavesmikey started creating articles such as Equilibrium thermodynamics and Biological thermodynamics.

25 November 2005 w:User:Wavesmikey created Thermodynamic evolution which was not noticed until he got greedy and put a link to it from a real article. Put up for deletion 14 December 2005 and deleted 22 December 2005.

The w:User:Sadi Carnot account was created on 26 December 2005 and it started editing "pop psychology"-related articles. Puts on new user page that he started articles such as "equilibrium thermodynamics" and "biological thermodynamics". 24 January 2006 w:User:Sadi Carnot starts Human bonding.

I first noticed "Sadi Carnot"/"Wavesmikey"/"Libb Thims" on 22 June 2007 when I happened to notice that the Bioenergetics article had been hijacked by a fringe psychology POV pusher. "Sadi Carnot"/"Wavesmikey" was passing off "biological thermodynamics" and bioenergetics. w:User:Arcadian had noticed this problem on 23 March 2007. I was busy at Wikiversity, so I just posted a warning at Wikipedia:WikiProject Molecular and Cellular Biology/Help with the hope that somebody would have the time to look into it.

title: User:JWSchmidt/Sadi


text:
User:Lady Aleena

 Lady Aleena on ... See Lady Aleena on Wikipedia for more information.
 * Meta-Wiki
 * Wikipedia
 * Commons
 * Wiktionary
 * Wikibooks
 * Wikinews
 * Wikiquote
 * Wikisource
 * Wikispecies
 * Wikiversity
 * MediaWiki

title: User:Lady Aleena


text:
User talk:Lady Aleena

Welcome
Hello Lady Aleena, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --JWSchmidt 05:54, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Lady Aleena


text:
Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/March/Maintenance

This page is used to track missing identification data for plants blooming in March in Southeastern Pennsylvania.

Leaf Arrangement
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Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/April/Maintenance

This page is used to track missing identification data for plants blooming in April in Southeastern Pennsylvania.

Leaf Arrangement
DynamicPageList tracking using:  category=BCP/SEPA/4 notcategory=BCP/Opposite leaves notcategory=BCP/Alternate leaves notcategory=BCP/Whorled leaves notcategory=BCP/Basal leaves only order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

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Leaf Complexity
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Bloom Clock/Keys/New Hampshire/October/Maintenance

This page is used to track missing identification data for plants blooming in October in New Hampshire.

Leaf Arrangement
DynamicPageList tracking using:  category=BCP/NHAMP/10 notcategory=BCP/Opposite leaves notcategory=BCP/Alternate leaves notcategory=BCP/Whorled leaves notcategory=BCP/Basal leaves only order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

The pages below do not have leaf arrangement defined:

 category=BCP/NHAMP/10 notcategory=BCP/Opposite leaves notcategory=BCP/Alternate leaves notcategory=BCP/Whorled leaves notcategory=BCP/Basal leaves only order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

Leaf Complexity
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The pages below do not have leaf complexity defined.

 category=BCP/NHAMP/10 notcategory=BCP/Simple leaves notcategory=BCP/Pinnately compound leaves notcategory=BCP/Palmately compound leaves notcategory=BCP/Trifoliate leaves order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

Using old templates
 category=BCP/NHAMP/10 notcategory=Bloom Clock Project Plants order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

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User talk:Joe mac

Welcome
Hello Joe mac, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 11:29, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Joe mac


text:
User talk:Jcucura

Welcome
Hello Jcucura, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Jcucura


text:
User talk:Yvh11a

Welcome
Hello Yvh11a, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Yvh11a


text:
User talk:Butch27~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Butch27, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Butch27. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Butch27~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:32, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:04, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Butch27~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Ajitaeromadras

Welcome
Hello Ajitaeromadras, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Ajitaeromadras


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User talk:QuestionMarc~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello QuestionMarc, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called QuestionMarc. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name QuestionMarc~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:48, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:18, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:QuestionMarc~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Myndara

Welcome
Hello Myndara, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Myndara


text:
User talk:Frigenti007

Welcome
Hello Frigenti007, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Frigenti007


text:
User talk:JacoWiese

Welcome
Hello JacoWiese, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:JacoWiese


text:
Template:Bcpm/swor/8

August

This template makes a link to the August key for Southeastern Pennsylvania, and adds plant pages to Category:BCP/SWOR/8 and Category:BCP/Flora of Oregon (it automatically adds ), for plants that have been recorded as flowering in August in Southeastern Pennsylvania.

This template should only be used in the "Southwest Oregon = " field of Bloom clock plant middle

title: Template:Bcpm/swor/8


text:
Introduction to Category Theory/Categories

Definition
A category $$\mathcal{C}$$ consists of the following data: These data are required to satisfy the following axioms:
 * Objects. These are referred to by generic symbols like $$A,B,C,... $$.
 * Arrows. These are referred to by generic symbols like $$f,g,h,... $$.
 * An object is not an arrow; an arrow is not an object.
 * Domains. To every arrow $$ f $$, we assign a unique object denoted by $$\text{dom}(f) $$. We say $$ f $$ is from $$\text{dom}(f) $$.
 * Codomains. To every arrow $$ g $$, we assign a unique object denoted by $$\text{cod}(g) $$. We say $$ g $$ is to $$\text{cod}(g) $$.
 * Composition of arrows. For every two arrows $$ f $$ and $$ g $$, if $$\text{cod}(f) = \text{dom}(g) $$, then, there is an arrow $$ g \circ f $$ such that $$\text{dom}(g \circ f) = \text{dom}(f) $$ and $$\text{cod}(g \circ f) = \text{cod}(g) $$.
 * Associativity of composition. For any three arrows $$ f,g $$ and $$ h $$ such that $$\text{cod}(f) = \text{dom}(g) $$ and $$\text{cod}(g) = \text{dom}(h) $$, we have that $$ (h \circ g) \circ f = h \circ (g \circ f) $$.
 * Existence of identity for each object. For every object $$ A $$, there is an arrow $$ 1_A $$, called the identity arrow of A, such that
 * $$\text{dom}(1_A) = A $$ and $$\text{cod}(1_A) = A $$, and
 * for every arrow $$ f $$, if $$\text{dom}(f) = A $$ then $$ f \circ 1_A = f $$, and if $$\text{cod}(f) = A $$ then $$ 1_A \circ f = f $$.

Note that the existence statement for identities does not claim their uniqueness. However, we can actually prove that the identity arrow is unique to its respective object.

Arrows are often called morphisms. For a morphism $$ f $$, we usually write $$ f : A \rightarrow B $$ to simultaneously show its domain and codomain. The collection of all arrows from $$ A $$ to $$ B $$ is written, depending on choice, as $$\text{hom}_{\mathcal{C}}(A,B)$$ or $$\mathcal{C}(A,B) $$. If this collection is small enough to be a set, we call $$\mathcal{C} $$ locally small; we say $$\mathcal{C} $$ is large otherwise. We almost always deal with locally small categories.

Discussion
These principles are just those of the `algebra of function composition' already introduced in the discussion of  functions. So we're making a shift from thinking about functions in terms of what they do to the elements of sets, to thinking about (vaguely) function-like entities that are described in terms of their external behavior in terms of composition. But we see from the upcoming list of examples that arrows are only function-like in certain respects; they definitely do not have to actually be functions.

From the definition, some basic results follow (in the same way they do for monoids and groups).
 * a sequence of arrows $$a_1,\ldots a_n$$ composes to the same thing no matter how it is parenthesized, as long as the order is kept. e.g. $$a \circ (b \circ(c \circ d))=((a \circ b) \circ c) \circ d$$, etc.
 * identities are unique. That is, if we have some $$h:A\rightarrow A$$ such that $$h\circ f=f$$ for all $$f:B \rightarrow A$$ and $$g \circ h=g$$ for all $$g:A \rightarrow C$$, then $$h = 1_A\,$$

The first of these is normally proved by induction in graduate level introductions to abstract algebra (such as Serge Lang's Algebra), but the proof is not very illuminating (at least to beginners). The proof of the second is however a mini-classic, which you would have already encountered if you've done any group theory:

 * $$ h = h\circ 1_A = 1_A $$

It's the two-sidedness of the property characterizing the identity that makes this work.

Sets
$$\mathcal{S}ets$$ is a category whose objects are sets and whose arrows are functions.

There is however a technical point to manage. In the account of functions given earlier, a function is presented as a kind of relation between two sets, its   domain, which it is `from', and its codomain, which it is `to'. This is what's needed for category theory, but in the most commonly encountered set-theoretical definition, a function is just a set of ordered pairs meeting the condition that nothing appears as first member of two different pairs (different pairs being those with either different first or second members, by the set-theoretical principle of extensionality). The set of second members is called the range, and a function is then `to' any set that contains the range as a subset. This would not work out for category theory, since we need each arrow to have only one domain and only one codomain.

So to make a set-theoretic function serve as a category arrow in $$\mathcal{S}ets$$, we need to bundle it with with some superset of its range, which then constitutes is codomain, so it's an ordered pair . But we don't have to add a domain, since, unlike the range, that's determined intrinsically by the set of ordered pairs.

So, having taken all that on board and proved to ourselves that $$\mathcal{S}ets$$ is a category, we get for free the results from the Discussion section above that identities are unique.

Monoids
Every monoid is a category with only one object. Category is a generalization of monoid. The section on Free Categories just below expands on this point.

All Monoids
The category of monoids $$\mathcal{M}on$$ is a category, whose objects are monoids and whose arrows are monoid homomorphisms.

This represents a very large and important class of examples: for pretty much any of the kinds of algebraic systems you might study in an Abstract Algebra course, there will be a category with instances of the kind of system in question as objects, and homomorphisms (however defined for that particular kind of system) as arrows.

Posets
A partially ordered set or a poset is a category, whose objects are elements of the poset and whose arrows are 'less than or equal' relations.

In greater detail, a preorder is a category in which there is at most one arrow from any object $$A\,$$ to any object $$B\,$$. So the relation "there is an arrow from $$A\,$$ to $$B\,$$" will satisfy the axioms of reflexivity and transitivity, but not necessarily either symmetry or antisymmetry. We can impose antisymmetry by requiring at most one arrow connecting $$A\,$$ and $$B\,$$, regardless of direction. This example provides another instance where arrows aren't functions. The Hasse diagram of a poset is a directed graph whose corresponding free category is that set with its partial order.

All Posets
The category of posets $$\mathcal{P}os$$ is a category, whose objects are posets and whose arrows are order preserving functions. If A and B are posets, then function $$f: A \to B$$ is order preserving or monotone, if for every elements x and y in A $$f(x) \le f(y) \mbox{ if } x \le y$$. This is another example where algebraic systems of some type are the objects, and their homomorphisms the arrows.

Directed graphs
Here we have objects ($$A, B, C,D\,$$) and arrows ($$w, x, y, z\,$$), the basic furniture of a category, but no category because there are no rules. In particular, the only arrows present are the ones depicted.

A directed graph is a collection of objects and arrows without any rules of composition or identity arrows. We say that a graph is small, if the collections are sets. A small directed graph can be described as a set O of objects and a set A of arrows, and two functions $$\text{dom}:A \to O\;$$ and $$\text{cod}:A \to O\;$$ that associate domain and codomain to each arrow. Conversely, given any two disjoint sets A and O, and any two functions from A to O, we get a small directed graph.

Free category on a (directed) graph
An obvious way to get a category out of a graph is to let category arrows be (finite) sequences of graph arrows, with the empty sequence $$<\,>$$ serving as the identity for each node, and composition of sequences defined in the `obvious' way.

Well that's the basic idea but there are a few annoying technicalities. First, and trivially, we have to decide whether to write our sequences in the order of traversal of a path (intuitively natural), or in the standard order of arrow (and function) composition (counter-intuitive but supported by tradition). We'll try to uphold rationality against tradition for a few minutes and write our paths in the order of traversal. So, technically an arrow f in a category freely generated by graph is a sequence $$$$ of arrows $$x_i\;$$ in graph such that $$\text{cod}(x_i) = \text{dom}(x_{i+1})\;$$ for all indexes i. The word freely means that two sequences $$$$ and $$$$ represent the same arrow if and only if they are the same sequence, that is
 * $$m=n$$ and $$x_1=y_1, x_2=y_2, \ldots, x_m=y_n$$.

Composition of arrows is defined:
 * If $$f=$$, $$g=$$, and cod $$x_m\,$$=dom $$y_1\,$$, then:
 * $$g\circ f = $$

Ugh. Well, eventually stuff like this gets easier to write for yourself than to read. Note the confusing order switch between the structure of the composed sequence and the arrow-composition notation. Associativity of course follows from the associativity of composition of sequences.

The other technical point involves the identities and the requirements for something to be an arrow; can you figure out what it is and suggest a solution?

We say that a category is free, if it's freely generated by some directed graph.

Free categories are of considerable importance for applying category theory to logic (e.g. Lambek and Scott (1986) Introduction to Higher Order Categorical Logic). They also provide a fine illustration of why arrows don't have to be functions. And of the point above that a category is a generalization of a monoid, since the category arrows are like monoid elements that can't always be composed. Monoids in general have one feature that free categories can lack, in that different compositions of arrows can result in the same monoid element. This can happen with categories too, but not with free ones.

Foundational Issues
There are some tricky foundational points that arise in the definition of category. The word 'collection' was used where one might have expected 'set', because in many important examples of categories, the collections of objects and arrows are 'too big' to be sets, but instead must be proper classes. The most obvious case is our first example, the category $$\mathcal{S}et$$, where Russell's Paradox tells us that there can't be any such thing as a set of all sets, so the collection of objects of $$\mathcal{S}et$$ can't be a set.

If the collections of objects and arrows of a category are sets, it is called a small category, otherwise, a large category. So $$\mathcal{S}et$$ is large, and any monoid is small. What about a poset, or $$\mathcal{M}on$$? Most of the large categories that people are interested in, such as $$\mathcal{S}et$$, have the property that for any objects $$A, B$$, $$\text{hom}_{\mathcal{C}}(A,B)$$ is a set. Such a category is called locally small.

Category theorists appear on the whole to not be very interested in fussing about foundations, so if you can remember what 'small', 'large', and 'locally small' mean, you almost certainly know enough.

'Spinoff' Categories
All algebraic systems provide various further ones of the same kind; for groups, for example, we might have some interesting subgroups and quotient groups, and will always have lots of product groups. Categories seem to participate in the process with an unusual degree of exuberance. For each of the 'spinoff categories' below (not a standard term, but it seems quite appropriate to this author (AA)), it is a good basic exercise to prove that it really is a category. The proof is always a routine demonstration that: There are plenty more of these things than we illustrate here, but is it necessary to learn them all at once?
 * the putative arrow-composition actually produces an arrow in the category
 * composition is associative
 * such that each object has an identity arrow

The Opposite Category
For any category $$\mathcal C$$, we also have the opposite category $$\mathcal C^{op}$$, formed by retaining the objects of $$\mathcal C$$ without change, but swapping the domain and codomain of each arrow. Composition is defined by the equation $$f^{op}\circ g^{op}=(g\circ f)^{op}$$. Yet another way of making the point that arrows don't have to be functions. Here is an outline of the proof that $$\mathcal C^{op}$$ really is a category. This is also often called the dual category.

Pair Categories
For any categories $$\mathcal C$$, $$\mathcal D$$, we can form the pair category $$(\mathcal C,\mathcal D)$$ whose objects are pairs $$(C, D\,)$$ of objects from $$\mathcal C$$, $$\mathcal D$$, respectively, and whose arrows are pairs $$(f, g)\,$$ of arrows of $$\mathcal C$$, $$\mathcal D$$, respectively, such that if $$f:C\rightarrow C'$$, $$g:D\rightarrow D'$$, then
 * $$(f,g):(C,D)\rightarrow(C',D')$$

Composition is defined as:
 * $$ (f',g')\circ(f,g) = (f'\circ f,g'\circ g) $$

This is basically a direct product construction, and generalizes straightforwardly to $$n$$-tuples.

Slice Categories
For any object $$A$$ of a category $$\mathcal C$$, the slice category of objects over $$A\,$$, $$\mathcal C/A$$, has as objects those arrows of $$\mathcal C$$ that have $$A\,$$ as their codomain. The arrows are a bit harder to describe. Suppose that $$f:B\rightarrow A$$ and $$g:C\rightarrow A$$ are objects of $$\mathcal C/A$$. Then $$h:B\rightarrow C$$ of $$\mathcal C$$ is also an arrow of $$\mathcal C/A$$, from $$f\,$$ to $$g\,$$, if $$g\circ h=f$$. This is illustrated in the commutative diagram to the right, which is a graph representing some objects and arrows in the category, and there is a convention that any two paths between the same node are the same arrow (typically derived by a different composition of other arrows). Commutative diagrams can be formalized as a way to represent facts about categories (e.g. Barr and Wells (1999:91-94), but we'll just take them as suggestive intuitive representations for equations, which will be the 'official' format for imposing identities on different compositions of arrows.

We now need to define composition for the arrows; the basic idea is that the composite of two slice-category arrows is the slice-category correspondent of the two original arrows. We need to do a bit of work to show that this works, as expressed in the diagram to the right. Here $$h\,$$ is an arrow $$f\rightarrow f'$$, and $$h'\,$$ one $$f'\rightarrow f''$$. For $$h'\circ h$$ to be an arrow from $$f\,$$ to $$f\,$$, it must be the case that $$f\circ h'\circ h=f$$, which you can verify as an exercise. Associativity and identities then follow immediately from these properties of the original arrows of $$\mathcal C$$.

A (perhaps excessively) fine point is that, although people standardly speak of the arrows of $$\mathcal C/A$$ as being certain of the arrows of $$\mathcal C$$, this can't technically be quite right, since arrows have unique domains and codomains, and these are different for the arrows of the two categories. What we really want is for each suitable arrow of $$\mathcal C$$ to induce a (different) corresponding arrow of $$\mathcal C/A$$. A construction that would suffice would be to have the arrows of $$\mathcal C/A$$ be triples of the form (original arrow, new domain, new codomain).

Monomorphism
We've already discussed Injective, or one-to-one functions, and observed that the 'internal' property of one-to-oneness, for functions, is equivalent to the 'external' property of being cancellable on the left ($$g \circ f_1 = g \circ f_2$$ if and only if $$f_1 = f_2\,$$). Arrows that aren't functions of any kind can't be one-to-one, but they can have the cancellation property, giving us:

Monomorphism, a categorical analogy of injective function.

A monomorphism (also called a monic morphism or a mono) is a morphism $$f: X \to Y$$ which is left-cancellative in the following sense
 * $$f \circ g_1 = f \circ g_2$$ implies $$g_1 = g_2$$ for all morphisms $$g_1, g_2: Z \to X$$.

The situation described by these equations is often depicted by this diagram:
 * [[Image:Monomorphism-01.png]]

Put another way, map $$f: X \to Y$$ is monic if and only if the induced map $$f_*\colon \text{hom}(Z,X) \to\text{hom}(Z,Y)$$ is injective for all $$Z\,$$. Here $$f_*\,$$ is function such that $$f_*(g) = f \circ g$$ for all $$g\,$$ in $$\text{hom}(Z,X)\,$$. If your mind bounces off this statement at first, it's definitely worth reflecting on until it really seems to make sense.

In the category $$\mathcal{S}ets$$ the monomorphisms are exactly the injective functions as we proved in the first lesson. Many familiar arrows, such as the homomorphisms of various kinds of algebraic systems, are functions with some additional restrictions placed on them (e.g. they must preserve some algebraic relationships). Such arrows are (almost?) always one-to-one/injective as functions if and only if they are monic as arrows. Eventually we'll be able to formulate a more precise and general version of this claim.

Two easy results about monomorphisms are: Here are the proofs.
 * If $$f\,$$ and $$g\,$$ are monomorphisms, then $$g\circ f$$ is one too,
 * If $$g\circ f$$ is a monomorphism, then $$f\,$$ is one too.

Epimorphism
Likewise, there is an 'external' version of the 'internal' property of onto-ness:

Epimorphism is (almost) a categorical analog of surjective function.

An epimorphism (also called an epic morphism or an epi) is a morphism $$f: X \to Y$$ which is right-cancellative in the following sense:
 * $$ g_1 \circ f = g_2 \circ f\ $$ implies $$g_1 = g_2$$ for all morphisms $$g_1, g_2: Y \to Z$$.
 * [[Image:Epimorphism-01.png]]

Put another way, a map $$f: X \to Y$$ is epic if and only if the induced map $$f^*: \text{hom}(Y,Z) \to \text{hom}(X,Z)$$ is injective for all Z. Here $$f^*$$ is a function such that $$f^*(g) = g \circ f$$ for all g in $$\text{hom}(Y,Z)\;$$.

In the category $$\mathcal{S}ets$$ the epimorphisms are exactly the surjective functions as we proved in the first lesson. There is also another way to define surjective, which is equivalent to epimorphism in many interesting categories, but certainly not in all categories.

From the discussion of Opposite categories, we can see that a monomorpism $$f\,$$ is an epimorphism in $$\mathcal C^{op}$$ (or, if we want to be ultra-fussy, corresponds to one), and vice-versa. This gives us free proofs for two results about epimormorphisms corresponding to the ones about monomorphisms above. We also say that mono- and epi-morphisms are dual concepts.

Example: Non-surjective epimorphism
Consider the monoid homomorphism f from the natural numbers to the integers that takes every number to itself, that is
 * $$f: \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{Z}$$, where $$f(n) = n$$ for all integers n.

The morphism f is clearly not surjective as a function in the category of sets. We claim it's an epimorphism in the category of monoids.

Let M be any monoid and let $$g_1,\ g_2$$ be any monoid homomorphisms $$\mathbb{Z} \to M$$, such that $$ g_1 \circ f = g_2 \circ f$$. This means that $$g_1$$ and $$g_2$$ agree on all non-negative numbers. We must show that they agree on negative numbers also. We do this by induction.
 * $$g_1(-1) = g_1(-1)\ \circ\ 1_M $$
 * $$= g_1(-1)\ \circ\ g_2(0)$$
 * $$= g_1(-1)\ \circ\ g_2(1 + (-1))$$
 * $$= g_1(-1)\ \circ\ g_2(1)\ \circ\ g_2(-1)$$
 * $$= g_1(-1)\ \circ\ g_2(f(1))\ \circ\ g_2(-1)$$
 * $$= g_1(-1)\ \circ\ g_1(f(1))\ \circ\ g_2(-1)$$
 * $$= g_1(-1 + 1)\ \circ\ g_2(-1)$$
 * $$= 1_M\ \circ\ g_2(-1) = g_2(-1)$$

Now suppose we have proven $$g_1(-n) = g_2(-n)$$. We prove it for n+1 by
 * $$g_1(-(n+1)) = g_1((-n) + (-1)) = g_1(-n)\ \circ\ g_1(-1) = g_2(-n)\ \circ\ g_2(-1) = g_2((-n) + (-1)) = g_2(-(n+1)).$$

Isomorphism
Isomorphism is a categorical analogy of bijection.

An isomorphism is a morphism $$f:X \to Y$$ that has an inverse morphism $$g:Y \to X$$ such that
 * $$g \circ f = 1_X$$ and $$f \circ g = 1_Y$$.

We say that objects X and Y are isomorphic, denoted $$X \cong Y$$, if there exists an isomorphism between them.

Inverses are unique, that is if h, g are both inverses of f, then h = g. The easy proof is left to reader as an exercise. This fact lets us speak of the inverse of f, written $$f^{-1}\ $$. Every isomorphism is monomorphism and epimorphism, but the converse is not true.

Example: morphisms in posets
In a partially ordered set morphisms are 'less-than-or-equal' relations. For any two objects a, b in a poset, there's at most one morphism from a to b. It follows that every morphism is monic and epic. On the other hand only morphisms with inverses are identity morphisms (proof: anti-symmetry).

Exercise: Duals of isomorphisms
Prove that if $$f\,$$ is an isomorphism in $$\mathcal C$$, then so is its correspondent (its dual) in $$\mathcal C^{op}$$.

Initial and terminal objects
In the next lesson we'll be looking at concepts defined by universal properties, which characterize things up to isomorphism, that is, any two things that have the property are isomorphic. In Category Theory, it is relatively unusual to be interested in actual identity: identity up to isomorphism is most often all that is of interest, in accord with the general focus on external behavior rather than internal construction. The simplest universal properties are those being initial and final objects:

An object A in a category $$\mathcal{C}$$ is an initial object, if for every object C in $$\mathcal{C}$$, there is exactly one arrow from A to C. Similarly an object A in a category $$\mathcal{C}$$ is a terminal object, if for every object C in $$\mathcal{C}$$, there is exactly one arrow from C to A. Some basic facts about these are: Proof: exercises
 * A initial object of $$\mathcal C$$ is a terminal object of $$\mathcal C^{op}$$, and vice-versa
 * Initial and terminal objects are unique up to a unique isomorphism. That is if A and B are both initial objects, then there is a unique isomorphism from A to B.

Examples

 * In the category of sets ( $$\mathcal Set$$) the empty set is an initial object. For any set X there is only one function from the empty set to set X, the empty function. Any set with only one element, a singleton set, is a terminal object. In $$\mathcal Set$$, there is in fact only one initial object, due to the axiom of extensionality.   And, for any set X there is only one function from X to a singleton set, a constant function that has the same value on every element of X. There are many different singleton sets, but they are all isomorphic.  These examples provide a further illustration of how 'internal' properties can be replaced by 'external' ones, since the notions of having zero elements or one can be described (for sets) in terms of the arrows from or to the set.  Of course one has to do quite a bit of further development in order to describe all of the properties of sets 'externally'.

 * The monoid with only one element, the identity element, is both initial and terminal object in the category of monoids. An object that is both initial and terminal is called a zero object.  The zero object is only unique up to isomorphism.

 * In a poset, the least element, if there is one, is an initial object, and the greatest element, if there is one, is a terminal object. Here the initial and terminal objects are fully unique.

Discussion
A few further points:
 * An initial object in $$\mathcal C$$ is terminal in $$\mathcal C^{op}$$ (proof: trivial).
 * Any arrow $$f:1\rightarrow A$$, where $$1\,$$ is a terminal object, is monic (proof: exercise)
 * An arrow $$f:1\rightarrow A$$ is often called an 'element' of $$A\,$$. Can you identity the property of $$\mathcal Set$$ that motivates this terminological usage?  (hint)

Identities for Free Categories
The problem is that arrows are supposed to have unique domains and codomains, so the empty sequence technically can't serve as the identity arrow for every node in the graph (= object in the free category). A reasonable solution is to use the nodes themselves as their own identity arrows, and engineer this by brute force into the definition of composition.

Opposite Categories
Outline of proof that $$\mathcal C^{op}$$ is a category:
 * the result of composition belongs to the opposite category by definition.
 * composition is associative via a chain of identities involving the definition of opposite-composition and the associativity of the original category.
 * the identities of the original category serve as identities for the opposite category.

Monomorphisms

 * Suppose $$f,g\,$$ are monomorphisms, and $$g\circ f\circ h=g\circ f\circ h'$$. Then $$f\circ h=f\circ h'$$ (why?) and so $$h=h'\,$$ (why), so $$g\circ f$$ is a monomorphism.  QED

 * Suppose $$g\circ f$$ is a monomorphism, and $$f\circ h=f\circ h'$$. Then $$g\circ f\circ h=g\circ f\circ h'$$, so $$h=h'\,$$.  Therefore, $$f\,$$ is a monomorphism.  QED.

If you're new to algebraic proofs, make sure you understand the implicit role of associativity in these arguments

Other surjections
Epimorphism
 * Split epimorphism: every generalized element in codomain is an image of generalized element in domain. This is equivalent to condition that morphism has right-inverse.
 * This condition is too strong for many algebraic categories. For example monoid homomorphism from $$\mathbb{Z}$$ to cyclic monoid $$\mathbb{Z} / n\mathbb{Z}$$ is not split epi.

 * S-surjective: every $$S \to \text{cod(f)}$$ is an image of $$S \to \text{dom(f)}$$. If S is a separator, every $$S \to \text{cod(f)}$$ is monic and category has subobject classifier this is equivalent to epimorphism. (Lawvere&Rosebrugh P4.10)
 * Monoid homomorphism $$\mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{Z}, n \mapsto n$$ is not $$\mathbb{N}$$-surjective, since $$n \mapsto -n\;$$ is not in the image.

Arrows as Elements
If $$1\,$$ is a terminal object of $$\mathcal Set$$, and $$A\,$$ is an object of $$\mathcal Set$$, then there is a one-to-one correspondence between the conventional set-theoretic members of $$\mathcal A$$ and the arrows from $$1\,$$ to $$A\,$$.

Exercises

 * 1) We say that an arrow $$ f:A\rightarrow B $$ has a left inverse if there is an arrow $$ g:B\rightarrow A $$ so that $$ g \circ f = 1_A $$. Suppose that $$ f $$ has a left inverse and show that $$ f $$ is a monomorphism.
 * 2) Show that an epimorphism with a left inverse is an isomorphism.
 * 3) Give an example of a category and an arrow in that category that is not an isomorphism but is both a monomorphism and epimorphism.

Related resources

 * Category (mathematics)
 * Morphism
 * Monomorphism
 * Epimorphism
 * Initial object
 * The Unapologetic Mathematician/Categories
 * The Unapologetic Mathematician/Initial and Terminal Objects
 * The Unapologetic Mathematician/Functors


text:
Decentralizing Wikipedia and its sister projects

Decentralizing Wikipedia and its sister projects is a project to formulate a framework of how to decentralize the subsystems of the various Wikimedia projects.

In practice, this project could perhaps be a fork of BOINC, GnuTella, OFFsystem or FreeNet or some synthesis of the aforementioned... or something else.

Brainstorming
It might work something like the following. Anyone can setup tracker and/or content server (that runs as part of Wikiversity Screen Saver, some other program, or just as a service in the background). These servers and nodes track changes and where you can find articles on the network.

Trackers could be large or small. They could be dedicated machines, or run in the background of peoples' electronic devices.

For example, since Wikipedia is quite large, Wikipedia would probably have the most tracker servers.

Wikiversity would probably have a great deal fewer. All of this could be dynamically balanced and tweaked according to need.

When someone wants to view an article on cows, they basically ping a tracker server, saying in computer talk, "I want to see an article on Cows".

Their machine could attempt to tell this to multiple tracker servers, and could hopefully get a rather speedy response.

Trust
The tracker server would say, "In order the amount of trust you can put into the integrity of the article, you can find the most up to date revision of the article on Cows on the servers x, y, z, and c".

The person who requested the article on cows would then send a message off to machines x, y, z, and c". Hopefully, x would respond first, in a speedy manner and the article would pop up speedily.

Presuming this goes right, the individual may decide he or she would like to edit the article.

They make their changes and send them off to a few of the servers that contain the article on cows. This would then be propagated and perhaps reviewed by editors and then integrated into the best version.

Maybe it could simply be integrated. Suppose someone came along and saw that it was vandalism. They could revert it as normally is done, and then that revert could be propagated.

Maybe OpenID could be used to verify identities. That is an interesting challenge. How could identities be trusted on a decentralized system. OpenId?

There could be separate nodes for images.

Questions

 * Would a whole copy of the all the text be needed on servers?
 * Could images and other media be stored in a more decentralized fashion?


text:
Russian/Alphabet

Introduction to the Russian Cyrillic alphabet
The Russian alphabet has 33 letters, out of which 10 are vowels and 21 are consonants. Two of the letters (Ь and Ъ) are used for changing sound of the preceding consonant. Note, that in the list below first is capital, then the small letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, then comes an explanation of how the sound should sound/feel like when pronounced.

The written forms of many of the Cyrillic letters appear significantly different from their printed counterparts. The written forms, however, will be discussed in a later lesson.

Latin Letter Matches
Of the 33 letters in the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, 5 of them look and sound very similar to their Latin counterparts. There are subtle differences in pronunciation, but these will be addressed in the intermediate Russian course. These letters are:

А, а like in wand

К, к like in kitchen

М, м like in mammal

Т, т like in tail

О, о This letter can make either the sound oh like in bold, or ah like in hot. It makes the sound oh when it is the accented vowel, and ah when unaccented. We will talk more about what accented or unaccented means in the lesson on accents.

Letters similar to Latin
В, в [vě] like in van

Е, е [yě] like in yell

Ё, ё [yō] like in yoga

Н, н [ěn] like in note

Р, р [ar] like in break, try to emphasize the r

С, с [ěs] like in some

У, у [ōō] like in use

Х, х [khǒ] like in Astrakhan

Letters not in the Latin Alphabet
Б, б [bě] like in bat

Г, г [gě] like in goat

Д, д [dě] like in doll

Ж, ж [zhě] like in azure

З, з [zě] like in rose

И, и [yē] like in I'm

Й, й [yē krǒtkǔ] like in yes

Л, л [ěl'] like in lemon

П, п [pě] like in pet

Ф, ф [ěf] like in fall

Ц, ц [cě] like in tsar

Ч, ч [chě] like in cherry

Ш, ш [shǒ] like in shell

Щ, щ [shēyǒ] like in shall, it should sound softer than Ш/sh

Ъ, ъ [hard mark(tōō arděsnǒk)] makes preceding consonant sound hard, e.g. compare d's of deal and doll (hard version)

Ы, ы [y, back i] i like in eel, that is being pronounced in behind of your mouth, close to the throat

Ь, ь [soft mark(mē ǒkěsnǒk)] makes preceding consonant sound soft, e.g. compare ch's of chalk and birch

Э, э [ē ǎbǔrōtnǔ] like in fell

Ю, ю [yōō] like in you

Я, я [yǒ] like in yahoo

title: Russian/Alphabet


text:
User talk:Hosami

Welcome
Hello Hosami, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Hosami


text:
User talk:Ada~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Ada, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 15:34, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Ada. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Ada~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:01, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ada~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Mactamus

Welcome
Hello Mactamus, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 17:25, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mactamus


text:
User talk:Sadi~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Sadi, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 17:25, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Sadi. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Sadi~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:53, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:21, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sadi~enwikiversity


text:
User:Yvh11a

My primary user page can be found at Wikipedia

title: User:Yvh11a


text:
Deutsch/Übung/DerDieDas

Der

 * der Mann man
 * der Tisch table
 * der Computer computer
 * der Schlüssel key
 * der Herr "Mr/ Man"

Die

 * die Frau woman
 * die Katze cat
 * die Zeit time

Das

 * das Mädchen girl
 * das Haus house

title: Deutsch/Übung/DerDieDas


text:
Wikiversity:Main Page/Draft version 0.2

Wikiversity contact information
 * class="radius_bottom" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; background-color:#F1FAFF; border:2px solid #E6D8C1; border-top:0; padding:0 .8em 0 30px" |
 * class="radius_bottom" style="font-family:Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small; background-color:#F1FAFF; border:2px solid #E6D8C1; border-top:0; padding:0 .8em 0 30px" |
 * }
 * }
 * }

Wikiversity in other languages
This Wikiversity is written in English. Started in August 2006, it currently contains Special:Statistics articles. You may read and edit courses in many different languages:

title: Wikiversity:Main Page/Draft version 0.2


text: Deutsch/Übung/verstehen

title: Deutsch/Übung/verstehen


text:
User:Bigcheese~enwikiversity

About me

I am a 25 year old PhD student at the University of Leeds in the UK - I have used Wikipedia a great deal over the years and feel that it's about time I gave something back by inputting some of the information I've picked up during my studies to the community. I am a big believer in the open source style of software development and feel it has a huge potential for releasing the skills and creativity of the general public.

What I know about

My PhD is in atomic, optical and relativistic physics so these are the areas that I will be trying to fill out where and when I have the opportunity. My maths is pretty appalling as a rule but Mathematica helps me out with that side of things, so hopefully I should at least be self-consistent ;-)

One last thing...

Feel free to contact me about any issues or clarification that is needed - as I said I am a big fan of open collaboration and welcome any and all input, regardless of personal experience!

title: User:Bigcheese~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Bigcheese~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Bigcheese, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --JWS 20:27, 30 October 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bigcheese. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bigcheese~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:30, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:04, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bigcheese~enwikiversity