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Talk:Smoking/Cessation

Lets avoid the appearance of giving legal advice. See disclaimers. Maybe it is time to make a Wikiversity-specific legal disclaimer. --JWSchmidt 03:01, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

Some Neutrality or Disclosure and Balance is needed on this page.
This page is a little too pro drug paraphenalia for my taste. I think some balancing information informing potential bong users of the severe consequences of appearing to actively oppose law enforcement official deeply immersed in the drug wars would be appropriate. Lengthy probation and even prison terms for having been caught with a bong or other drug accessories are not unknown in the U.S. Mirwin 03:08, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

Concerning possible adjustments
Thank you for your comments. I think it illustrates the problem referred to, that any idea to miniaturize smoking, even as a step toward total cessation as suggested by Hughes et al., may be derided or criminalized as "drug paraphernalia", something not to touch or discuss, while the 5.4 million die.

Remind readers of dosage issue
Since you mention bongs, try examining any website representing a "headshop" and notice the large crater-diameter of bongs, "pot-pipes" etc., i.e. they are built to accommodate hot-burning overdoses of a gram and more, each time a person "smokes". (You worry that bongs would be promoted in the proposed article, which is not the case.)

The kiseru and the midwakh should be mentioned precisely because they are small enough to permit a non-overdose smoking serving size. Let there be an emphatic reminder that it is never necessary or rational for any person, any age or gender, to smoke more than a 25-mg. serving of tobacco or any herb at a time.

Theory on the origin of this confusion
Bongs and other such overdose-glorification "paraphernalia" are TOBACKGO culture masquerading as a presumed cannabis culture, causing overdose-linked problems which are conveniently blamed on cannabis, in order to sabotage the emergence of any alternative to the overdose tobacco marketing strategy which forms the basis of that Industry's profit margin (None Dare Call It Genocide). (Apologies if that spelling and sloganizing sound frantic, but in my opinion the yearly death toll from this one Industry represents a daily, minutely emergency.)

I look to the Wikiversity as potentially an avenue to reeducate a betrayed public as to the basic definition of "smoking". Internet searches failed to yield evidence that the serving size miniaturization idea was getting mentioned anywhere at all, let alone on either English or German language Wikipedia. Various efforts to enter it on the "Tabakrauchen" TALK PAGE etc. were erased. Apparently challenging the entrenched overdose smoking dogma, the intentional product of a trillion dollars of cigaret advertisements, counts as a Point of View and violates Neutrality. Meanwhile articles on Tobacco, Cannabis, Smoking etc. droned on with illutrations, about "traditional" overdose smoking "culture" as if nothing else existed.

 * I agree completely that smoking is detrimental to health and kills many every year who could have lived longer with different personal choices. Indeed, Wikiversity is exactly an educational resource.  I hope you view my additions as adding educational value to the people reading/editing/participating at this resource.  Changing definitions is a bit problematical in that we frown on propaganda.  However, since you have disclosed where you are coming from and I presume are willing to help find and cite verifiable data to support our facts, statements, opinions, etc. I feel you are completely within Wikiversity editing guidelines.  I look forward to future interactions with you.  It would be nice if you registered a handle and used it so that ongoing conversations are a bit less confusing.  Very valid point you make that I ignored the miniterization approach to reducing or quitting and assumed the implments you provide construction instructions for are identical to my perception of a bong.  Hopefully we can keep improving this article so it serves its educational purpose for people like me.  Thanks for your efforts so far!  See you around.  Mirwin 02:10, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Forgive my evasiveness about signing inbut until this idea is a bit more disseminated and I am less isolated I feel vulnerable to their sending a James Earl Ray-gun after me and my body winding up in a river somewhere. After what they do to their friends (5.3 million a year...)

 * Actually more anonymous with a signed in handle that has no personal information on the associated intro/user/talk page. IP addresses are logged unless replaced with a handle and can be traced.   Further, you should be aware that there are many priveleged users who can at whim check and track ip addresses and handles through the database.  Sorry, but effectively the privacy policy is that given software constraints and legal requirements we cannot guarantee or truly provide "privacy".  Best we can do is help legal authorities should some type of illegal stalking occur and there are allegations floating around the net that even that may not be effectively organized.  If you detect any potential problems please consult a custodian immediately.  Mirwin 19:33, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for your concern. I was a little incoherent because of running out of time on the library computer.  Actually I'm not that scared because it's a room full of over 100 computers-- how would they find anyone? -- Today (18) it seems I got in your way trying to blue up the links -- I had gotten the idea I'd just do it myself.

A few further items for the article might include notes on some herbs (Larrea tridentata can live 11,000 years) and more advice for downcuttin' smokers including related to their occupation. Check out the Talk page "Bioethics and Tobacco" where JWSchmidt did a nice job of interviewing. Also since you are interested in computers, check "List of Protologisms by Topics" where I was trying to use the occasion of making up names to describe machines to teach apes fire-preventive forestry. Thanksagain64.107.1.233 20:28, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Avoidance of legal advice posture
Perhaps that paragraph can be rewritten as political advice instead of legal.

The contention was, that fear of being accused of cannabis use may be preventing tobacco users from protecting their health by means of a viable idea, the anti-overdose utensil. (440,000 deaths in U.S.A. alone result not from smoking, not from tobacco, but from the 700-mg. overdose, and this article attempts to promote a remedy.)

Reward prudent behavior
Politicians could be confronted with a kindly suggestion that (a) laws be rewritten to reward and encourage true "CONSERVATIVES" who possess and use an anti-overdose utensil, because isn't the hot-burning overdose cigaret really "liberalism" at its worst?

Meanwhile (b) LIBERALS should applaud the libertarian (same thing?) idea of the government letting citizens alone, especially since they are truly acting responsibly and practicing harm reduction. The result might turn out to be a hundred-billion-dollar reduction in government medical costs permitting liberal health programs to survive.Treedesigner 02:05, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Interesting political slants. Unfortunately with U.S. moving towards universal health coverage (A good thing IMO) a complete return to caveat emptor might also result in an upward trend of fashionable smoking and government paid for cancer treatments to extend the dying of lung cancer patients.  Pragmatically I do not think any total solutions to the health issue of lung cancer and other diseases from smoke weakened immune systems are really feasible in a large diverse democracy like the U.S.   Only slow incremental trends with adequate metrics and honest feedback loops seem effective in approaching large societal problems.  Mirwin 02:17, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Re: adequate metrics and honest feedback loops: here's how the present system stifles both (more discussion at Introduction to Bioethics, Talk Page: Bioethics and Tobacco):

1. Burning Temperature
No measurement to date of the actual burning temperature in an enclosed screened crater, 1/4" (6 mm.) diam, as compared to other (i.e. larger) diameters found in "head shop" equipment, "regular tobacco pipes" (supposedly pipe-smokers of tobacco don't inhale), and to the decades-long published figure of 1500° F/860° C in the tip of a hot-burning-overdose "regular" commercial cigaret. (Researchers fear repercussions if they published anything showing how unnecessarily hot cigaret are?)

2. Absence of feedback
Shown in the fact that no politician, public servant or anyone occupying an important, well-paid post in government or business can afford to admit that they have any personally learned direct knowledge of how to use a miniature smoking utensil, or of using same, for fear their name will be linked with illegal cannabis or worse. What would happen to a U.S. Representative who was found to be in possession of a smoking utensil which permitted servings of 1/28 as much herb as found in a legally sold commercial cigaret? Same goes for doctors, ministers, lawyers, school personnel, etc.

There is so far no personal testimony to my knowledge by any admitted user of such equipment who has enough eminence or credentials that a reading public would take his or her testimony seriously.

3. Recent quitters
On the other hand, though the US voting public has not elected anyone president since FDR who was publicly known to be a current cigaret smoker, as recently as early 2007 Senator Obama allowed public notice that he was quitting smoking literally at the last minute fefore entering the race. Commentators noted that he was chewing Nicorettes. With $30 million campaign money not to be booted away frivolously, he had plenty of motivation to succeed in stopping the habit and apparently did so. (There might be reason for concern about relapse if he doesn't win the election.)

In September 1989 former Education Secretary William Bennett was allowed to quit a 1-1/2-pack-a-day habit in order to accept the post of-- DRUG CZAR. (Har har, it was o.k. for an Education Secretary to be an addict, but I guess Drug Czar was too blatant?) Judge Bork hurriedly quit smoking in time to be nominated to the Supreme Court. An NPR reporter saw him reach absentmindedly into his pocket...

By contrast the first Ginsberg was forced to withdraw from a Supreme Coiurt nomination due to disclosures that he had used cannabis a decade earlier! In 2006 the selfsame Bill Bennett on his right wing talk show said, "We had a nominee for the Supreme Court and it turned out he was smokin' dope with his students!" Notice the uncivil derogatory language that is taken for normal by talk show listeners, if the subject of cannabis comes up, and consider that any professor, scientist, public health spokesman who mentions a "suspect" smoking utensil could expect to get this treatment any day from Bennett, Limbaugh, Savage, Hannity et al. preaching to millions of ditto-head listeners. (How does Bennett know whether cannabis is dope or not. I thought dope rhymed with opiate, right?)

I can't agree that our diversity is to blame. Quite the reverse-- a conspiracy is to blame, a successful conspiracy to implant the hot-burning-overdose 700-mg. cigaret as the one and only permissable,normal "regular" smoking method, combined with a "drug war" with the hidden agenda of discrediting any alternative-- smaller dosage-- smoking method by linking it to "drugs". This is a modern equivalent of a half-century ago when persons and ideas could be discredited by being linked in some way to Communism.

Gateway drug theory
This is an extremely important support for the entire pro-cigarette Drug War, because superficially it often appears to be true.

Re: article
 * Children interested in cannabis are often induced to wait to meet a dealer in a place where side-stream tobacco smoke and other hazards are present, and the consequences are blamed on the cannabis.
 * The dealer appears and announces that no cannabis could be gotten, but (opiate, crack, meth etc.) is available instead, and youngsters are easily bullied into trying a "substitute". One fears to antagonize the dealer for fear that no alternative dealer can be found, so buying a substitute drug is one way of assuring that there will be a source of cannabis at some later time.
 * In U.K. and other places, the dealer may offer you a hit of cannabis mixed with tobacco, a real gateway drug-- and the following drug involvements will be blamed on the cannabis rather than on the tobacco.
 * Children exploring cannabis are often indoctrinated into the belief that if they allow themselves to get hooked on nicotine, they can hide their cannabis use behind a stinkscreen of cigarettes. A joint can be carried discretely in a cigarette pack etc.

Much more material needs to be added about weight gain because, increasingly in the last decade since children and adults have increased their screen time at these computers, fear of weight gain, especially among women, is one of the remaining pillars protecting against the collapse of the oberdose tobacco marketing system.

I would like to add a paragraph drawing on observations by the Chicago journalist Salim Muwakkil about Harold Washington, who gained weight and died of a heart attack months after quitting smoking. (Published in In These Times about 1987-8.)

Medical cannabis patients and "the gateway drug to $igarette smoking"
"Your comment [on Cannabis Health News Magazine] is awaiting moderation."

Please draw Mr. Kennedy’s attention, and that of SAM, to the issue of H-ot B-urning O-verdose M-onoxide “rolling papers”– the “heavy use” which causes the “harmful effects” listed on their website which they attribute to the cannabis. Have you noticed that as the controversy over cannabis heated up in 2012-13, thousands of pictures of a “joint” appeared at the top of cannabis-related articles (sneak $igarette ads to benefit Big Tobacco)?

For that “gateway drug to $igarette smoking”, the 500-mg-per-serving “joint”, vaporizers and miniature “one-hit pipes” can be substituted, with a 25-mg-per-lightup serving size! If SAM is sincere about “reducing” cannabis use, Dosage Restriction Equipment is the way to go.

An article is posted at wikiHow.com, “Make Pipes from Everyday Objects: Socket Wrench One-Hitter etc.”– please review, sign in, edit, improve, add useful pictures, etc.

Anyone who wants to move to CO or WA but can’t afford the huge money to start a cannabis dispensary, should consider opening a One-Hit Head Shop, make and sell a complete line of “pen vapes” and “one-hitters”, sifters to produce a 1/16-inch particle size of dry herb for use in such equipment, and other accessories. (Any legal problem with equipment demonstrations and user education can be met by also carrying a line of unambiguously legal sifted herbs such as peppermint and oregano.)

Cannabis users can contribute to addressing the deadliest health crisis of our time, $igarette smoking with 6,000,000 deaths per year worldwide, by (a) helping addicts to substitute cannabis for tobacco, and (b) helping them substitute low-dose equipment for the $igarette format. Whether they support this approach will show whether SAM is sincere about harm reduction.Treedesigner (discuss • contribs) 18:32, 6 January 2014 (UTC)

media comment on AlterNet.org, October 31, 2016
http://www.alternet.org/drugs/mothers-protect-your-families-making-marijuana-legal-california

Gretchen, please don't fall for the lies that (a) cannabis is a "drug", (b) the remedy includes "reducing youth access".

What needs to be reduced is the fear-driven need to resort to easy-to-hide Hot Burning Overdose Monoxide $igarette format (alias "Joint", or "Blunt" with addictive nicotine hidden in the wRAPPer) because of the danger of being caught possessing a Vaporizer. The heat shock and 4221 combustion toxins in a Joint inflict health and character damage routinely blamed on cannabis by prohibitionists.

Children need to know how to administer a 25-mg single Vapetoke instead of lighting up a 500-mg torchjoint. A new combination needs to be popularized: the "one-hitter" now widely available for less than $10, along with a flexible drawtube attached over its butt end so that a user can perform Vaporization safely a suitable distance from her/his face by holding a lighter flame or other heat source far enough below the screened narrow crater to assure that vaporization-temperature heat (300-400F) enters upon the load of sifted herb.

"Hold flametip low, suck smooth, slow, don't start any glow till after 19 seconds or so."

Immediately afterwards breathe 30 warm wet W's in and out of a breathbonnet (breadbag). One or two such tokes suffice for 129 minutes of supurb creative activity (have workstation ready, or go out and do some gardening). Children should know about alternatives to the phony "relax and wait for it to do something to you" culture associated with monoxide Joint $moking.

PS the number #1 danger to protect children from is life-shortening nicotine tobackgo $igarette addiction psychosis. Any substitute is better, if you fear cannabis, try basil, marjoram, oregano, pennyroyal, peppermint, sage, savory, spearmint, thyme.*

_____________________________

 * See Herbal Alternatives section of this Smoking Cessation article.

title: Talk:Smoking/Cessation


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User:Countrymike/Probationary Custodianship

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User:Booga-wooga~enwikiversity

Cricket Harris lives in Kirksville, Missouri.Booga-wooga 03:27, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Booga-wooga~enwikiversity


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Template talk:Uncategorized

This template adds a page to both the Category:Category needed and the Category:Uncategorized pages category.--mikeu 05:07, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

Broken link
"This template is uncategorized." points to an article at Wikipedia. Is there a more specific page here that we should link to? How? points to a nonexistent page on Wikipedia.--mikeu 03:34, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

Could someone change the link that "how?" points to in parenthesis? It currently points to Categorization FAQ but should probably point to w:Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization. Maximillion Pegasus 13:42, 8 June 2010 (UTC)

Special:UncategorizedPages
If the documentation had been in subpage, I would have added Special:UncategorizedPages into See also. JackPotte (discuss • contribs) 22:31, 9 March 2015 (UTC)

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User talk:Adamuw07

Welcome
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User talk:Lbuckley013~enwikiversity

Welcome
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Talk:Applying definite integrals

The introduction to this page is related to quantum physics and not to basic college or high school calculus. This page should be moved elsewhere and there should be a simplified version here instead.

title: Talk:Applying definite integrals


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User:Toolaaya

Here is my MySpace page: http://www.myspace.com/christopherjonathanott

title: User:Toolaaya


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Category:Meher Baba Studies

This category includes pages dedicated to Meher Baba Studies:

title: Category:Meher Baba Studies


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User talk:Toolaaya

Welcome
Hello Toolaaya, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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Meher Baba
Dear Toolaaya, Thank you so much for the excellent article on Meher Baba. I wrote the Dutch Wikipedia entry on Meher Baba with the American philosopher and film maker Christopher J. Ott, the son of noted Baba lovers Lynfield and Phyllis Ott. I took the liberty of correcting a few obvious typos and leave you with one querie about the comment on Baba's self-proclaimed Avatarhood: "Off-putting" to whom exactly? Only to those who consider Baba as deluded or suffering from what Freud called the Messiah Complex, I would have thought. And what about the Perfect Masters who recognised Baba as such (Parvardigar)? At the very least, there ought to be a reference to LordMeher to contextualise this statement, or so it seems to me. Best wishes and keep up the good work, Baba Jester 15:44, 13 May 2008 (UTC) (Frank) OOOOOOOOOOps! just discovered you ARE indeed my twin bro/jester, so the ultimate joke's on me ... how fitting! Baba Jester 16:03, 13 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Baba jester, I have gone ahead and followed your advise and replaced "off-putting" with "remarkable" which is even more true and includes in its meaning anything I might have intended by the first phrase.  Toolaaya 13:49, 15 May 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Toolaaya


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Meher Baba

Welcome to the Center for the Study of Meher Baba, part of the School of Theology and the Division of Religious Studies.

Center Description
The Wikiversity Center for the Study of Meher Baba is a content development project where participants create, organize and develop Wikiversity content about Meher Baba.

Learning Resources

 * /Teachings and methodology/: an overview of Meher Baba's teachings and methods.

External Learning Resources
Fortunately there is a large body of source material by and about Meher Baba freely available on the internet. Many of Baba's major books can be searched on line or downloaded free in PDF format for research purposes. You are encouraged to make yourself familiar with what is freely available. Note that these materials are copyrighted by the Avatar Meher Baba Perpetual Public Charitable Trust. They are exclusively for research and educational purposes, and not for republication or resale.

 * The Trust Online Library
 * The Trust Online Library has books by and about Meher Baba available to download as PDF files
 * Lord Meher
 * This 6,742 page fully searchable biography of Meher Baba was written by Bhau Kalchuri shortly after Baba's death in 1969 and was published in a 20 volume set in 1986. It is based on journals kept by Meher Baba's followers from as early as 1922, as well as hundreds of hours of recorded interviews.
 * Discourses by Meher Baba
 * The 1967 6th edition of Meher Baba's Discourses. While some of these discourses were dictated verbatim by Meher Baba, others were worked up from points given by Baba to his close disciple Dr. C. D. Deshmukh, an Indian professor of philosophy. The discourses originally appeared in Meher Baba Journal from 1938 to 1943 and were later gathered as books, receiving numerous editions and revisions.
 * Awakener Magazine Archive
 * Awakener Magazine was a magazine exclusively on Meher Baba that was published by Filis Frederick of California from 1953-1986. All 67 issues are now available online and are searchable.
 * Messages of Meher Baba
 * Messages given out by Meher Baba over the course of his life, often in the form of circulars or pamphlets.
 * Glossary of Meher Baba's terminology
 * An essential resource for studying the works of Meher Baba, this glossary defines terms as Meher Baba used them.

title: Meher Baba


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Meher Baba/Teachings and methodology

 * For a list of External Resources see Meher Baba.

No new religion
Meher Baba said repeatedly that he did not wish to establish a new cult or religion, but rather to revitalize the great religions of the world.

 * "I have not come to establish anything; I have come to put life into the old."
 * "My object in coming to the West is not with the intention of establishing new creeds or spiritual societies and organizations. I see the structure of all the great religions of the world toppling... I intend to bring together all religions and cults like beads on one string and revitalize them for individual and collective needs." (Meher Baba, Paramount New Reel, London, 1932)
 * "I have come not to establish any cult, society or organization - nor to establish a new religion. The Religion I shall give teaches the knowledge of the One behind the many. The Book which I shall make people read is the book of the heart, which holds the key to the mystery of life."

Although Meher Baba did not establish a new religion, he does have a small number of devotees. An estimation is that there are about 100,000 in India, and consirderably fewer in the rest of the world. In spite of Meher Baba's small movement and pilgrimages to his various centers around the world, followers of Meher Baba take conscious pains not to organize into a formal religion with membership rolls, ritual requirements, priesthood, etc. There is no initiation or central authority or hierarchy. The Avatar Meher Baba Perpetual Public Charitable Trust in Ahmednagar, India was established by Meher Baba to administrate his estate in Meherabad and Meherazad India. In addition The Trust performs other duties ascribed to it by Meher Baba in his Trust Deed of providing pilgrim facilities near his tomb, administrating several chartered charitable organizations, protecting copyrights of Baba's works, and spreading Meher Baba's name and written messages.

Emphasis on a feeling of Oneness
Meher Baba taught that the cause of current human difficulties stems from artificial man-made divisions and an intense feeling of separateness. We find many examples of such divisiveness in our modern world, including extreme religious and sectarian conflicts, exaggerated nationalism and race prejudice, castes, political disharmony, the divide between religion and science, and the pulling apart of spiritual and secular life. Baba addressed this problem in three main ways. First he upheld those metaphysical views of Vedanta, Sufism, and Western Mysticism which teach that divisions are an illusion caused by ignorance of the true nature of reality. His major book, God Speaks: the Theme and Purpose of Creation, as well as several of his smaller books of discourses and messages, The Everything and the Nothing, Life At Its Best, and Beams on the Spiritual Panorama, address this subject almost exclusively. The following are some exemplary quotes by Meher Baba on the topic of Oneness.

 * "I tell you all, with my Divine Authority, that you and I are not WE, but ONE."
 * "The time has come for the preordained destruction of multiple separateness which keeps man from experiencing the feeling of unity and brotherhood." (Meher Baba, Final Declaration, September 30, 1954)
 * "God is everywhere and does everything. God is within us and knows everything. God is without us and sees everything. God is beyond us and IS everything. God alone IS."
 *  "It is my God-ordained work to awaken humanity to the inviolable unity and inalienable divinity of all life. Know that you are in essence eternal, and heirs to infinite knowledge, bliss and power. In order to enjoy your unlimited state all that is necessary is to shed your ignorance which makes you feel that you are separate from the rest of life. The separative ego or "I" can disappear only through divine love, which will be my gift to mankind."
 * "When longing is most intense separation is complete, and the purpose of separation, which was that Love might experience itself as Lover and Beloved, is fulfilled; and union follows. And when union is attained, the lover knows that he himself was all along the Beloved whom he loved and desired union with; and that all the impossible situations that he overcame were obstacles which he himself had placed in the path to himself. To attain union is so impossibly difficult because it is impossible to become what you already are! Union is nothing other than knowledge of oneself as the Only One."

The second way that Baba approached the feeling of division and disharmony was to make a great effort to syncretize three principle branches of mysticism: Vedanta, Sufism, and Mysticism.
 * Vedanta is the main mystical branch of Hinduism. Meher Baba upheld the school of Vedanta known as Advaita. This view holds that the underlying absolute reality is in fact One and indivisible, while apparent diversity is an effect of ignorance and a total illusion. The purpose of life, ultimately, is to experience reality as it really is by shedding illusions over many lives. Advaita Vedanta was first perfected by the Indian medieval philosopher Adi Shankara.
 * 1) Sufism is the mystical branch of Islam. Baba upholds the school of Sufism known as Wahdat-ul-Wujood (Arabic: Literally, unity of existence) formulated by the Arab Muslim mystic and philosopher Ibn Arabi.
 * Mysticism includes those diverse branches of western thought expressed most often in the poetic mystical works of philosophers and poets like Spinoza, Emerson, Goethe, Novalis and others who upheld views of Metaphysical Unity.

The third way Baba encouraged unity was to integrate spiritual life into ordinary life, which he saw as artificially divided. In his book Discourses, and in other works, Meher Baba takes pains to mend the divide between so-called spiritual life and ordinary life. Meher Baba emphasized that, in order to be meaningful, spiritual life must be practical and applied in daily living. He discouraged monastic isolation and ascetic practices for most people.

 * "For the spiritual aspirant, however, it is not enough to exercise merely intellectual discrimination between the false and the true. Though intellectual discrimination is undoubtedly the basis for all further preparation, it yields its fruit only when newly perceived values are brought into relation with practical life." (Discourses, 6th ed. Vol. 3, p. 115, Meher Baba, 1967)
 * "So the purely intellectual search for God or the hidden spiritual reality, has its reverberations in the practical life of a man. His life now becomes a real experiment with perceived spiritual values." (Discourses, 6th ed. Vol. 2, p. 16, Meher Baba, 1967)

It is important not to misinterpret Baba's concern that "newly perceived values are brought into relation with practical life" as meaning he endorses a blurring of the lines between church and state. Meher Baba was opposed to the mixing of religion and politics. Rather, Meher Baba was emphasizing that the spiritual values of the individual be expressed in daily life, such as in treating others well, being honest, etc.

Meher Baba's definite claim to be the Avatar
Meher Baba was not hesitant to say what he took himself to be. He said he was the Avatar, the same soul that takes birth again and again thorughout the ages every 700-1400 years. He said he was Zoroaster, Rama, Krishna, Buddha, Jesus, and Muhammad and that he has now appeared on Earth as Meher Baba.

 * "Age after age, when the wick of Righteousness burns low, the Avatar comes yet once again to rekindle the torch of Love and Truth. Age after age, amidst the clamor of disruptions, wars, fear and chaos, rings the Avatar's call: 'Come all unto me.' Although, because of the veil of illusion, this Call of the Ancient One may appear as a voice in the wilderness, its echo and re-echo nevertheless pervades through time and space to rouse at first a few, and eventually millions, from their deep slumber of ignorance. And in the midst of illusion, as the Voice behind all voices, it awakens humanity to bear witness to the Manifestation of God amidst mankind. The time is come. I repeat the Call, and bid all come unto me."
 * "All this world confusion and chaos was inevitable and no one is to blame. What had to happen has happened; and what has to happen will happen. There was and is no way out except through my coming in your midst. I had to come, and I have come. I am the Ancient One."
 * "Irrespective of doubts and convictions, and for the Infinite Love I bear for one and all, I continue to come as the Avatar, to be judged time and again by humanity in its ignorance, in order to help man distinguish the Real from the false. Invariably muffled in the cloak of the infinitely true humility of the Ancient One, the Divine Call is at first little heeded, until, in its infinite strength, it spreads in volume to reverberate and keep on reverberating in countless hearts as the Voice of Reality. Strength begets humility, whereas modesty bespeaks weakness. Only he who is truly great can be really humble. When, in the firm knowledge of it, a man admits his true greatness, it is in itself an expression of humility. He accepts his greatness as most natural and is expressing merely what he is, just as a man would not hesitate to admit to himself and others the fact of his being man. For a truly great man, who knows himself to be truly great, to deny his greatness would be to belittle what he indubitably is. For whereas modesty is the basis of guise, true greatness is free from camouflage."

 * "Thus it is that God as man, proclaiming Himself as the Avatar, suffers Himself to be persecuted and tortured, to be humiliated and condemned by humanity for whose sake His Infinite Love has made him stoop so low, in order that humanity, by its very act of condemning God’s manifestation in the form of Avatar should, however, indirectly, assert the existence of God in His Infinite Eternal state."

Meher Baba's Metaphysics
Meher Baba unequivocably upheld the idea of Unity of Being. Everything was, is, and remains, in the Oversoul. Baba states that Evolution is the soul's journey through ignorance to inevitably find its real nature and identity with God. To illustrate this, here is an excerpt from his book God Speaks in which he is describing the state of consciousness a soul experiences while identifying itself as a plant in the course of its evolution.

 * "When the consciousness of the soul associates now with the most-first species of vegetable-form, the soul, thus conscious, tends to identify itself with that form and actually finds itself as that species of vegetable-form, quite oblivious of the reality that it (soul) is infinite, eternal and without form—eternally in the Over-Soul (Paramatma)." (God Speaks: The Theme and Purpose of Creation, by Meher Baba, 2nd ed. p. 17)

To summarize Meher Baba's theme: the beginning of creation is caused by God's original urge to know himself, expressed in the question "Who am I?" This results in an imagined journey which culminates when the soul, experiencing itself as a fully evolved human being, and after innumerable lifetimes of searching, comes to know and actually experiences its true answer, "I am God." This, Baba says, is called God Realization and to have this experience is the ultimate destiny of all individual souls and the true purpose of creation.

For a more in-depth review of Meher Baba's metaphysics see the Wikipedia article on Meher Baba's main book God Speaks.

title: Meher Baba/Teachings and methodology


text:
Wikiversity talk:Main page learning project

Promote pandemic prevention research
A LOT of independent researchers and a fair number of mainstream ones use wikipedia regularly. In areas where it is more important to them that SOMEBODY succeeds than that they get the credit themselves (such as in the prevention of pandemics which could kill their loved ones) Wikiversity could be the perfect tool for allowing efficient collaboration. Such being the case I am wondering if the page on Influenza cure research (titled "Influenza Cure Research") could be mentioned on the main page in order to be found more easily by those with something to contribute, and generate interest among those who have time and/or money and are seeking purpose.

someone elses comment
Can we have a user-friendly guide to how to edit Main Page content starting with a short description of what is in each template used on the page? --JWSchmidt 15:09, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

box borders
Just a note about the box borders on the main page. See Image:WVmainpage.jpg for how it renders on my system. The right hand side of the boxes are not aligned with the blue header at the top of each box. BTW, it is only those four boxes that are not aligned. Welcome, Portals, News, Sister Projects are all fine in my browswer.--mikeu 01:44, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

News and announcements
Note that the links at the top of the "News and announcements" to News and Announcements seem to me to have been superceded by the new main page design.--mikeu 22:46, 26 December 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree =Benjamin= ( t ) · ( c ) · ( e ) 09:05, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

Wikiversity:Main Page
Lets delete the main page heading "Wikiversity:Main Page". Its good for nothing, only takes up space.--Kozuch 16:44, 18 September 2008 (UTC)
 * I concur - =Benjamin= ( t ) · ( c ) · ( e ) 09:04, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

Wikiversity: too sophisticated
Can we also start a wiki-school? So that we would have a full curriculum of ideal learning for a human being's lifetime? And segment it by years? For example: that in Year 10 a human being should be studying among other things Biology and these are the topics that she/he should cover and these are the exercises that will help him/her to get there and here's links to some helpful videos on YouTube etc. So that people with very little education would have a starting point somewhere. And then proceed on to wikiversity. It should be more pedagogically logical than wikiversity.

Wikiversity Arabic
I realized that Wikiversity in Arabic language isn't supported yet; however, I could find an alternative (Beta) version. Although I'm not sure why is that, I'd like to translate English pages in this site into their corresponding Arabic in that version. Luckily I can do that except for the "Other Languages" column, in which I can't find a suitable edit. I can append Article Name in the Arabic site but when I do it in some allowed English pages (i.e. Arabic Article Name ) I get the access into ar.wikiversity site which is still not assigned for us. Can anybody help me to solve this problem or even redirect the pages into http://beta.wikiversity.org/wiki/? please?--Email4mobile 05:56, 5 June 2009 (UTC)

Focusing on the content
I personally think that the main page of Wikiversity (well, i also think this about the rest too) is far too vague. Its suposed to be a learning center, but once you've reached it, you don't know were to go. I mean, the "explore wikiversity" box is little and in the corner, the highlights goes to things like "featured project" and "picture of the day". Things seems loose, like articles in wikipedia (in here they are projects, thats the only difference). In my opinion, wikiversity should have "learning trails" or something like that, and the main page should focus on that only (or mainly). Inside a portal (or a trail portal) we could have the featured project, picture of the day, etc. Are you following me at all? Khullah 01:39, 22 September 2009 (UTC)

 * I'm sad that this poignant comment has sat so long without a reply. I agree with you completely Khullah. I have only been using Wikiversity for about a week, and it took me the good part of three days to find the real goals of it. I feel the direction this project is taking is undeserving of a learning platform. There is too much copycatting going on from Wikipedia. Quite honestly there is no need for an "Educational Picture of the Day"; it holds no real long term learning potential. There is a lack of a clearly defined instructional about how to learn at Wikiversity. The "Explore Wikiversity" box tucked away to the side is to some extent useful, however it simply redirects students to portals, which hold no information on how to begin learning. The "Starting Out at Wikiversity" tour does do a great job of showing the basics of editing (very useful in Wikipedia, where the focus is on editing), but there is no information about how to access learning materials. My point in a nutshell is, the welcome page needs a clearly defined way for new commers to access the learning material they want, the current stuff doesn't cut it.

 * Sorry for wafting on, but this should be addressed,
 * =Benjamin= ( t ) · ( c ) · ( e ) 09:01, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

Mainpage Welcome Message is wonky
Hey there, the welcome message on the main page is looking a bit dodgy. I have shown a possible fix on the template discussion. I don't have sysop privileges, so I can't do anything about it. =Benjamin= ( t ) · ( c ) · ( e ) 08:39, 23 June 2010 (UTC)


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Chemistry glossary

Alpha Particle
An alpha particle is a helium nuclei, one of the three types of radiation given off by radioactive substances. It has low penetrating power, can be stopped by paper, skin, or clothing, and only travels a few centimeters in air. It has a mass of 4.

Beta Particle
A beta particle is an electron, one of the three types of radiation given off by radioactive substances. It has medium penetrating power, can be stopped by 1 mm thick aluminum, and travels a few meters in air. Has a mass of 1/1840.

Periodic Table
The Periodic table is a way to show the similarities and differences of the elements. The table is in order of increasing atomic numbers. The table is divided into many groups: the noble gases, halogens, metalloids, nonmetals, metals, alkaline earth metals, inner transition metals, alkali metals, transition metals

Periods
A period is a horizontal row on the periodic table. The atomic number increases when moved left to right on each period.

Periodic Law
States that there are patterns in chemical and physical properties when the elements are put into order of increasing atomic numbers.

Gamma Ray
One of the three types of radiation given off by radioactive substances. It has a high penetrating power, can be stopped 10cm of lead or several meters of concrete, and travels a few kilometers in air.

Group
A group is a vertical column on the periodic able. These are also called families. There are 18 groups on the periodic table.

Representative elements
All the elements in the groups A. These have all the same amount of valance electrons in their s and p sublevels.

Metals
The Metals are one class of elements on the periodic table. Metals are known to usually be lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of electricity and heat. All metals are solid except for Mercury.

Alkali Metals
These elements are located on the left side of the periodic table in the 1A group. These elements are the most reactive out of all the elements on the table. They have 1 valance electron. If these elements are put into water, they produce hydrogen gas.

Alkaline Earth Metals
These elements are located in group 2A and are very reactive like the alkali metals, but not as reactive. These elements have 2 valance electrons and when added to water, these elements form a base solution.

Transition Metals
These elements are located in group B. These elements look like metals but can act differently than metals sometimes.

Inner Transition Metals
These elements are located on the bottom of the periodic table, in the F rows. These elements have large atoms in that they have 6 or 7 energy levels. The top row of the elements are reactive and the bottom row of elements are radioactive.

Nonmetals
The nonmetals are located on the right side of the periodic table past the zig-zag line. These elements are the complete opposite of metals, hence their name. These elements are not lustrous, are poor conductors of electricity and heat, and are brittle.

Halogens
These elements are located in the group 7A. These elements are nonmetals and are usually used to make salts. They are the most reactive nonmetals and are diatomic elements, which means that they form bonds with themselves.

Noble Gases
The Noble Gases are located on the far right column of the periodic table. They are the only completely stable elements that have all of their sublevels filled. These elements are located in group 0 or 8A.

Metalloids
These elements have characteristics of both metals and nonmetals.

Atomic Radius
The atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus of the atom to the valance electrons on the outside of the atom. The atomic radius of the elements on the periodic table get smaller when moving from left to right, and when moving from the bottom to the top.

Electronegativity
Electronegativity is the tendency for an atom to attract electrons to itself when it is chemically combined with another element.

Ionization Energy
The ionization energy is the amount of energy required to remove the first electron from an atom.

Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular forces are the attractions between molecules due to their polarities. The physical properties of melting point, boiling point, vapor pressure, evaporation, viscosity, surface tension and solubility are related to the strength of the intermolecular forces between molecules.

Created by Joseph Cox

title: Chemistry glossary


text:
User talk:Phoenixnem~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Phoenixnem, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 20:02, 16 December 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Phoenixnem. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Phoenixnem~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:41, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:17, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Phoenixnem~enwikiversity


text:
Lunar Boom Town/LED Greenhouse

Background:

http://arabidopsisthaliana.com/lightboxes/

Supply Sources:

LEDs on EBay

Light-emitting diode

title: Lunar Boom Town/LED Greenhouse


text:
Lunar Boom Town/Ideas from

Caution! Please remember to get permission to publish  any text cut, pasted or quoted from others.

Ideas from #wikiversity-en IRC
* 	I guess if we generate an initial map of Lunar Boom Town we could possibly fork and tailor this exercise to attract some interest from programmers. http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Uninformed_Search_Project

* 	This might be kind of cool to echo a Range Safety Officer's countdown hold status. http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Wearable_Display

title: Lunar Boom Town/Ideas from


text:
Lunar Boom Town/Team Building

First Steps
Begin participating by adding your ideas and comments to existing project proposals or creating new sections dedicated to your ideas.

As you interact be alert for others with similar interests.

Establish dialogues.

Helping others with their challenges can be a very fruitful way to initate interaction.

For family members who do not understand why large amounts of time playing around at Lunar Boom Town activities consider helping with an orientation course. Parent Education Course Writer's Guide

title: Lunar Boom Town/Team Building


text:
User:Frutella

Frutella is Fruitella, a gummy candy that was popular among children in Russia in the 90s.

title: User:Frutella


text:
Introduction to Electronics/Lecture Schematics

 * Lecture 5, Schematics
 * Schematic diagrams and layout semantics

Back to: Topic:Electronic Engineering

Basics
Schematics are used to describe electronic circuits to other people. For the most part they are a universal language that will cross most language barriers.

When viewing a schematic the first thing to know is when wires cross or when they are tied together.


text:
Introduction to Electronics/Lecture Mounting Techniques

 * Lecture 3, Mounting Techniques
 * methods of mounting parts breadboard, terminal blocks, wirewrap, soldering.

Rattail Joint

Back to: Topic:Electronic Engineering


text:
Talk:The visible sky

I merged The_Visible_sky with The_visible_sky and think there no double redirects.--mikeu 04:02, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:The visible sky


text:
User:NeoJury

Hello everybody ! My name is Djamel Eddine 18 years old from Algeria, but I prefer that you call me Djamel_Kun. I'm currently an English Literature student at Ahmed Bouguerra's University, Faculty of sciences, English department at Boumerdes, about 50 kilometres east Algiers. I'll try to do my best to help wiki community as I'm expecting a lot from it.

title: User:NeoJury


text:
File:Manuelciosici Redone 15.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 15.jpg


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File:Manuelciosici Redone 14.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 14.jpg


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File:Manuelciosici Redone 13.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 13.jpg


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File:Manuelciosici Redone 12.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 12.jpg


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File:Manuelciosici Redone 11.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 11.jpg


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File:Manuelciosici Redone 02.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 02.jpg


text:
File:Manuelciosici Redone 03.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 03.jpg


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File:Manuelciosici Redone 01.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 01.jpg


text:
File:Manuelciosici Redone 04.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 04.jpg


text:
File:Manuelciosici Redone 05.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 05.jpg


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File:Manuelciosici Redone 06.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 06.jpg


text:
File:Manuelciosici Redone 07.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 07.jpg


text:
File:Manuelciosici Redone 08.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 08.jpg


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File:Manuelciosici Redone 10.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 10.jpg


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File:Manuelciosici Redone 09.jpg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on creating 3D storyboards with ArtRage2 free version.

title: File:Manuelciosici Redone 09.jpg


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User:Pyrospirit

I edit mostly under w:User:Pyrospirit on the English Wikipedia. I plan on majoring in mathematics in college, so I'll do some math-related stuff here at some point.

title: User:Pyrospirit


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User talk:Chulsky

Welcome
Hello Chulsky, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 17:03, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chulsky


text:
User talk:Pyrospirit

Welcome
Hello Pyrospirit, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 17:03, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the welcome! Pyrospirit 21:24, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pyrospirit


text:
User talk:NeoJury

Welcome
Hello NeoJury, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 17:07, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:NeoJury


text:
User talk:Shmatt~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Shmatt, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 17:09, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Shmatt. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Shmatt~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:43, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:22, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shmatt~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Robu5t

Welcome
Hello Robu5t, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 17:46, 17 December 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Robu5t


text:
Category:Software testing

Here you find the pages from the Topic:Software testing.

title: Category:Software testing


text:
Immune system

An immune system is a system of resistance to a particular infection or toxin owing to the presence of specific antibodies or sensitized white blood cells.

T-cell

 * Divide when comes in contact with antigens.
 * Signals B cells about the kind of antigens.
 * Killer T-cells (CD8+ T cells) destroy infected cells and viruses.
 * Helper T-cells (CD4+ T cells) alert B cells to start making antibodies; they can also activate other T-cells and immune system scavenger cells called macrophages (described @ bottom) and influence which type of antibody is produced.

B-cell

 * Produces antibodies.
 * Can produce ≈ 2,000 antibody molecules/second.
 * Are matured in bone marrow.
 * Gets info about antigens from T-cells.

Antigen

 * Molecular structure (and, by extension, cell organelle, cell, organ or individual body) able to be recognized within the Immune System through interaction with an Idiotype Receptor (or Receptor for Antigen, that is either a TCR - T Cell Receptor for Antigen, a BCR - B Cell Receptor for Antigen, or the soluble, effector form of the last idiotype receptor: a soluble Antibody).
 * For a given immunological host, a given antigen may qualify as Self Antigen (typically either not target of an counteracting type immune response, or target of a tolerizing type immune response), or as a Foreign Antigen (inducing either a counteracting immune response and thus called Immunogen, or a tolerogenic reaction and thus called Tolerogen, or not inducing immune responses and thus called Ignored antigen).

Antibody
Genetic term for a group of molecules, members of the Idiotype Receptor family, that identify either the membrane-bound, recognition subunit within the BCR (B Cell Receptor for Anteagen), or the solluble, efector, relesed form of the B lymphcyte iditype receptor.
 * As other receptors, Antibodies are polar molecules: one end functioning as target ligand binding (that is serving for epitope surface / antigen recognition), while the other end is serving for deploying counteracting functions (as submembranar signaling, binding to various Fc Receptors, binding to some Complement System commoners).
 * Are proteins made by the body's immune system.
 * Reacts with specific antigens to remove them from body.
 * All have different shape and sizes.

Macrophage

 * Slower to respond to invaders than Granulocytes (white blood cell with secretory granules in its cytoplasm), but are larger, live longer, and have far greater capacities.
 * Play a key part in alerting the rest of the immune system of invaders. [[Image:Phagocytosis.png|thumb|right|400px|Steps of a macrophage ingesting a pathogen: a. Ingestion through phagocytosis, a phagosome is formed b. The fusion of lysosomes with the phagosome creates a [[phagolysosome]]; the pathogen is broken down by enzymes c. Waste material is expelled or assimilated (the latter not pictured)  Parts:  1. Pathogens 2. Phagosome 3. Lysosomes 4. Waste material 5. Cytoplasm 6. Cell membrane]]

 * Start out as a white blood cell. They leave the blood stream; they turn into macrophages.
 * Destroy the virus.

Pathogen

 * A type of bacteria, virus, or fungi which causes disease.
 * Can only be killed or blocked by the human immune system.
 * Anything that can cause any type of disease is a pathogen.

Lymph

 * A clear liquid that bathes the cells with water and nutrients.
 * Carries away any bacteria it finds.

Lymph nodes

 * Filter lymph which later returns back to the blood stream.
 * located along lymphatic vessels.
 * stroma - supporting connective tissue
 * stroma consist of capsule, trabeculae, reticular fibers and fibroblast.
 * parenchyma - functional part

Lymph vessels

 * Carry lymph.

Lymphocytes

 * Cells that allow the body to remember and recognize previous invaders and help the body destroy them.
 * Make antibodies to destroy foreign pathogens.

Vaccine and vaccination

 * Used to establish immunity to a disease.
 * The immune system recognizes vaccine agents as foreign, destroys them, and “remembers” them.
 * Prepares the body for certain viruses.
 * Injects some form of a pathogen into your body.
 * Adaptive and Passive Immunity.
 * Adaptive Immunity is achieved by stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies.
 * Passive Immunity is when antibodies that are injected into the body are made by another organism.

Appendix

 * A 2” by 4” pouch in the intestines. It has unknown reason in the immune system. It helps digest food.

Spleen

 * A organ located in the abdomen of the human body. It is regarded as one of the centers of activity of the immune system. [[Image:Illu spleen.jpg|thumb|400px|right|Spleen]] [[Image:Horse spleen laparoscopic.jpg|thumb|right|400px|Laparoscopic view of a horse's spleen (the purple and gray mottled organ)]]

Thymus

 * Produces T-cells.

Tonsils

 * Two filters in the back of the mouth that trap germs. Although when kids are young they get their tonsils taking out to keep from getting sick all the time. When they get this done they are usually taken out at the earliest age of about 2 or maybe even younger but you will not see to many adults getting their tonsils taken out. They do that when they are at their earliest ages.

title: Immune system


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Template:Message for students of the 3D Storyboarding lesson

 * Messages for students
 * Manuelciosici - Please look at this page and this page.

 * Pruthvirajg - Please look at this page.


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User talk:Km

Welcome
Hello Km, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Mirwin 01:47, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Noticed You Are Editing Some Medical Stuff
You might wish to introduce yourself and goals to User:JWSchmidt. He is a neuroscientist who edits quite a few medically related articles for us. We also have some medical students wandering around. I will allow you to find them by checking histories on medical articles or asking around at the Colloquium or other community pages. Once again, welcome and feel free to consult me at my talk page. Mirwin 01:53, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Hello
Hi Km - thanks for your edits to Wikiversity! I changed some of your edits in Immune system to use Wiki syntax instead. To make bullets and lists, use the star (*), for example, like this: * Immune system * Skeletal system * Integumentary system Cheers, and happy editing. --HappyCamper 20:17, 24 December 2007 (UTC)

Venus and Mercury
Thanks for your contributions. I didn't create those pages, but I did add a little info to them. Also see the page on Liquid water on Europa which is another new page that could benefit from some editing. Have you seen the Observational astronomy lessons that I created? I'm looking for someone to try the lesson instructions out, and then let me know if there is anything confusing or unlcear. Feel free to drop me a note if there is anything in the page that you don't understand, and I'll write up a better explanation. Thanks, --mikeu 16:17, 16 January 2008 (UTC)

 * You don't need a telescope or camera for the Observational astronomy, but I see now that I should probably make that clearer in the instructions. The lesson is to use a computer to download free pictures that were taken with a telescope and then look for details in the images.  If you prefer to look at the Europa page or anything else, that is fine.  Whatever you are most interested in learning.  Just drop me a note if you need any help or hints on finding your way around and editing.  --mikeu 01:56, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Currency
Hi Km, good to have you around. However, I was looking at your additions of currency articles (eg $1 bill) - they're straight copies of Wikipedia articles. Were you thinking of editing these into educational resources? If not, I don't think we need to have a page identical to Wikipedia. Cormaggio talk 18:29, 15 February 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your response. Could you expand on what you mean by "educational purposes"? I've left some comments here. Cormaggio talk 08:15, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * I know that Wikiversity is an educational site (!), but the issue is whether we need duplications of Wikipedia pages. Wikipedia is also an educational site, but a specific type of one - just as Wikibooks is, and just as Wikiversity is. If you could indicate how those pages are to offer something different to the Wikipedia pages, even how they are helping you personally to learn, that would be great. Thanks, Cormaggio talk 13:24, 9 October 2008 (UTC)

Bill of Rights
May I suggest that you move Bill of rights to the name "Bill of Rights" because it is a proper noun? If you have any questions, or need any help, please feel free to contact me. Ottava Rima (talk) 13:56, 15 September 2008 (UTC)
 * Already done. Enjoy. Ottava Rima (talk) 13:33, 6 October 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Km


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Computer Architecture Lab/WS2007/Project -1 Lab3

This exercise was a prestep to designing and implementing our processor. The following tasks were implemented to get familiar with VHDL: -A simple blinking LED -simple UART output -extended UART output -UART input -[TODO]ModelSim UART print out

The only real pitfall was the extended UART task. We had to drive the supported UART code with its maximum transmission speed. To archive that we needed some way of recognizing that the previous data was send and that the UART was ready for the next value. Instead of using a simple signal line that goes up when the value is send (or something similar), this special UART uses the SimpleCon interface to mimic a separate information mode where two of the control flow bits are readable. This means we must switch to another address and read the UART input. Its LSB is the needed information bit.


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File:Sidebar.png

Summary
This image was originally intended to be used to discuss a Microsoft product. The image is currently used as an example in a discussion about fair use.

"Microsoft product screen shot(s) reprinted with permission from Microsoft Corporation."

title: File:Sidebar.png


text:
User talk:Titico~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Titico, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 16:34, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Re: Education material for profesional education in the Netherlands related to land, water and nature
ping, Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 16:34, 18 December 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Titico. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Titico~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:07, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:24, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Titico~enwikiversity


text:
User:Fasten/Course Ideas/Parent Education Course

Structure
The links below can be used to make notes for the parent education course following the structure of kess-erziehen or Starke Eltern - Starke Kinder. The final structure of the course to be written has not yet been determined.

The course will have a focus on intercultural competence to make it appropriate for the OLPC laptop

 * kess-erziehen (Example)
 * Starke Eltern - Starke Kinder (Example)
 * Starke Eltern - Starke Kinder (Example)
 * Starke Eltern - Starke Kinder (Example)
 * Starke Eltern - Starke Kinder (Example)
 * Starke Eltern - Starke Kinder (Example)
 * Starke Eltern - Starke Kinder (Example)

Literature

 * Literature for the course: Parent Education Course Writer's Guide (Wikibook)
 * UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (Wikipedia article: Convention on the Rights of the Child)

Programs

 * Parent Effectiveness Training is based on person-centered psychotherapy
 * Kess-erziehen is based on individual psychology and the work of Rudolf Dreikurs
 * Starke Eltern - Starke Kinder is based on humanistic psychology
 * Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) is based on individual psychology
 * Starke Eltern - Starke Kinder is based on humanistic psychology
 * Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) is based on individual psychology
 * Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP) is based on individual psychology