text:
18th century European scholarly societies and academies

Module Overview
As an experiment using online databases and reference works to mine for data, this project will investigate the scale of literary, artistic, and scientific academies and societies across Europe in the eighteenth century. Some of this material has been organized by the University of Waterloo Library through their Scholarly Societies Project. However, there is much more to be done. Students will create entries to academies and societies, either by linking to pre-existing wiki pages or by creating their own. Most societies will require a new entry to the Wiki site.

Indexing
To be useful, we will need to keep an index of these societies and academies. For the moment, we will keep the index on this page. Academies and societies will be listed by state, which means that a Roman academy, such as the Pontificia Accademia degli Arcadi will be listed under Italian StatesǀRome. When you enter a new academy to out index, either by adding a link to a pre-existing wiki page or to a new page that you have created, put your name next to it. This is how I will be able to grade your entries.

Creating New Pages
To get started on a new page, we will want to use a standard format to organize our entries. I have created a template in my entry for the Society of the Virtuosi of St Luke, London.

To create a new page, all you need to do is enter the society that you want to add in the search field. If a page does not exist, you will be asked if you would like to create a new page. If so, go ahead. Be sure to add your entries to Wikiversity, not Wikipedia. We can always add our entries to Wikipedia in the future, but since this is a class project, let's keep it on Wikiversity.

Austria

 * Academy of Fine Arts Vienna (LNJ)
 * Freimaurerloge "Zur wahren Eintracht"/Free Masonic Lodge "True Harmony" est. 1781 (BJG) (Josh Anderson)
 * Gesellschaft des Ackerbaues und Nützlicher Künste im Herzogthume Steyermarkt/Imperial and Royal Society of Agriculture and the Useful Arts in the Duchy of Steyermark est. 1764 (BJG)
 * Kaiserl. Konigl. Gesellschaft des Ackerbaues und Nutzlicher Kunste im Herzogthume Steyermarkt, Imperial and royal Society of Agriculture and the Useful Arts in the Duchy of Steyemark (Amanda Thompson)

Britain

 * /Aberdeen_Philosophical_Society/(MRB)
 * Academy_of_ancient_music (TLMJ)
 * Honourable_Society_of_Cymmrodorion Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion/Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion est. 1751 (BJG)
 * Academy in Soho Square, London ca. 1740? (BJG)
 * Anti-Slavery Society, London(MRB)
 * /Bath and West of England Society/ (Matt Parrish)
 * Blue_Stockings_Society (MRB)
 * /Board of Agriculture, England 1793/ (Matt Parrish)
 * /Century_Club/ (MRB)
 * Chemical Society of Glasgow (Matt Parrish)
 * /Cosmopolitan_Club/ (MRB)
 * Highland Society of Edinburgh, Royal Highland and Agricultural Society of Scotland (Amanda Thompson)
 * /Juridical_Society_of_Edinburgh/ (BJG)(Katherine Hinkle)
 * Kit-Cat_Club (MRB)
 * Linnean_Society_of_London London est. 1788 (BJG) present web site
 * /Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth/ (Matt Parrish)
 * /Literary_and_Philosophical_Society_of_Manchester/ (Katherine Hinkle)
 * Literary Society in Exeter (Katherine Hinkle)
 * London_Corresponding_Society (TLMJ)
 * Lunar_Society_of_Birmingham (MRB)
 * Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Manchester est. 1781 [(BJG)
 * Medical_Society_of_London (TLMJ)
 * /Peterborough Gentlemen's Society (also known as Gentleman's Society at Peterborough/ (AJS) (Kristin R. Diggs)
 * /Philosophical Society of Edinburgh/ (Matt Parrish)
 * Royal_academy_of_arts Royal Academy of Arts |  est. 1768 (BJG)
 * Royal Bath and West of England_Society est. 1777 (BJG) :
 * Royal_College_of_Physicians (of London?) (JMK)
 * Royal_College_of_Surgeons_of_Edinburgh (JMK)
 * Royal_Humane_Society (Allison N. Osen)
 * /Royal institution of great britain/ (Matt Parrish)
 * /Royal Lancashire Agricultural Society/ (Allison N. Osen)
 * Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh (Matt Parrish)
 * /Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce/ (Matt Parrish) (Kristin R. Diggs)
 * Royal Society of London (LNJ)
 * Royal_Society_of_Edinburgh(LNJ)
 * St._Martin's Lane Academy London]] (LNJ)
 * /Society for Philosophical Experiments and Conversations/ (Matt Parrish) (Kristin R. Diggs)
 * Society for the Improvement of Medical and Chirurgical Knowledge (Matt Parrish)
 * Society_of_Antiquaries_of_London (TLMJ)
 * Society_of_Antiquaries_of_Scotland (Allison N. Osen)
 * Society_of_Artists of Great Britain, London]] (MRB)
 * /Society of civil engineers/ (Matt Parrish)
 * /Society of Improvers in the Knowledge of Agriculture in Scotland/ (Amanda Thompson) (Kristin R. Diggs)
 * /Society of Physicians in London/ (Matt Parrish) (Kristin R. Diggs)
 * /Society_of_the_Virtuosi_of_St_Luke/ London]] (JMK)
 * Society for Promoting Religious Knowledge Among the Poor (AKA The Book Society)(MRB)
 * Society_for_the_Reformation_of_Manners London (LNJ)]]
 * Society_of_Dilettanti London (LNJ)
 * Spalding_Gentlemen’s_Society London]] (TLMJ))
 * Worshipful_Society_of_Apothecaries London (TLMJ)

Denmark

 * Kongelige Akademiet for de Skønne Kunster/Royal Academy for the Fine Arts | KASK | est. 1754 (BJG)Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Fine_Arts
 * Kongelige Danske Landhusholdningsselskab/Royal Danish Agricultural Society est. 1769 (BJG)
 * Kongelige Danske Selskab for Fædrelandets Historie/Royal Danish Society for National History est. 1745 (BJG)
 * Danske Videnskabernes Selskab/Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters | KDVS | est. 1742 (BJG)Royal_Danish_Academy_of_Sciences_and_Letters
 * Kongelige Medicinske Selskab/Royal Medical Society est. 1772 (BJG) (Josh Anderson)
 * Kirurgiske Privatselskab/Private Society of Surgeons est. 1771 (BJG)
 * Íslenzka Lærdóms-Lista Félag/Islenzka Laerdóms-Lista Felag/Icelandic Scholarly Society est. 1779 (BJG)
 * Naturhistorie-Selskabet/Natural History Society est. 1789 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)
 * Societas Exercitatoria Medica, Medical Training Society of Copenhagen (Amanda Thompson)

France

 * Académie_des_Beaux-Arts Academy of Fine Arts (TLMJ)
 * Académie Française French Academy, Paris (LNJ)
 * /Académie_Delphinale/ Delphinale Academy, Grenoble (TLMJ)
 * Académie de Marine Naval Academy (LNJ)
 * Henri_Louis_Habert_de_Montmor Académie de Montmor (LNJ)
 * Académie de Belles-Lettres, Sciences et Arts de Las Rochelle, Acadamy of Humanities, Sciences and Arts of La Rochelle (Amanda Thompson)
 * Académie of Montauban: Sciences, Humanities, Arts, Promotion of Good Citizenship (Amanda Thompson)
 * Academy of Humanities of Marseille (Amanda Thompson)
 * Académie de Sciences, Lettres et Arts d'Arras (Academy of Sciences, Letters and Arts of Arras} [ (Amanda Thompson)
 * Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Letters de Dijon (Academy of Sciences, Arts and Humanities of Dijon) (Amanda Thompson)
 * AAcadémie des Sciences, Bellas-Lettres et Arts de Rouen, (Academy of Sciences, Humanities and Arts of Rouen) (Amanda Thompson)
 * des Sciences, Bellas-Lettres et Arts de Clermont-Ferrand, Academy of Sciences, Humanities and Arts of Clermont-Ferrand (Amanda Thompson)
 * des Sciences, Bellas-Lettres de Nancy, Royal Society of Sciences and Humanities of Nancy (Amanda Thompson)
 * Academy of Agriculture of France est. 1761 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)
 * Academy of Stanislas est. 1750 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)
 * Académie des Sciences et Lettres de Montpellier (Matt Parrish)
 * Académie Nationale de Metz, National Academy of Metz (Amanda Thompson)
 * Académie Royal de Peinture, Sculpture et Architecture de Toulouse, Royal Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture of Toulouse (Amanda Thompson)
 * Académie Royale d'Architecture, Paris (TLMJ)
 * Académie Royale des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, Paris (LNJ)
 * Académie Royale de Musique, Paris (LNJ)
 * Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture, Paris (TLMJ)
 * Royal Academy of Humanities, Sciences and Arts of Bordeaux (Amanda Thompson)
 * Académie Royale des Sciences et Beaux-Arts de Pau (Matt Parrish)
 * Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Lyon (A. Satchwill)
 * Royale des Sciences, Paris (TLMJ)
 * Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques (AJS)
 * L'Académie Royal de Chirurgie/Royal Academy of Surgery, Paris (LNJ) (Josh Anderson)
 * Société Philomatique de Paris (TLMJ)
 * Société d'Agriculture de Commerce et des Arts de Bretagne, Society of Agriculture Commerce and Arts of Brittany (Amanda Thompson)
 * Société d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (AJS)
 * Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Senlis(AJS)
 * Société Nationale Academique de Cherbourg, National Academic Society of Cherbourg (Amanda Thompson)
 * Société Royal de Medecine, Royal Society of Medicine (Amanda Thompson)
 * Société Royale d'Agriculture de la Généralité d'Orléans(AJS)

German States

 * Abhandlung über die Nerven und deren Krankheiten. Frankfurth und Leipzig 1782 (MAA)
 * Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen/Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Göttingen est. 1751 (BJG)
 * Akademie Gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt/Academy of the Arts and Sciences Useful to the Public in Erfurt | AGWE | est.1754 (BJG)
 * Königliche Landwirthschaftsgesellschaft zu Celle (LNJ)
 * [Patriotische Gesellschaft von 1765/Patriotic Society of 1765] est. 1765
 * Teutsche Gesellschaft in Jena, German Society in Jena (Amanda Thompson)

German States ǀ Bavaria

 * Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften/Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities | BAdW |,Bavaria est. 1759 (BJG)
 * Churpfalzbaierische Sittlich-Landwirthschaftliche Akademie zu Burghausen/Palatinate-Bavarian Electoral Moral-Agricultural Academy in Burghausen est. 1765 (BJG)
 * Churpfälzische Physikalisch-Ökonomische Gesellschaft/Palatinate Physical and Economic Society est. 1769 (BJG)

German States ǀ Hanover

 * Societas Scientiarum, Gottingen

German States ǀ Prussia

 * Akademie der Künste, Berlin (est 1696)
 * Academia Natura Curiosorum, Breslau (est. 1652)
 * Académie Royale de la Prusse (est. 1745)
 * Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Berlin (est. 1700)
 * Berlin Society of Friends of Natural Science
 * Histoire de l'Académie royale des sciences et des belles lettres de Berlin
 * Nouvelle Société Littéraire
 * Königlich Preußische Sozietät der Wissenschaften, Berlin
 * Societas Scientiarum of Berlin, 1700 (LNJ)

German States ǀ Saxony

 * Churfürstliche Sächsische Physikalisch-Ökonomische Bienengesellschaft in der Oberlausitz/Electoral Saxony Physical-Economic Bee Society in Oberlausitz est 1766 (BJG)
 * Gesellschaft in Leipzig (TLMJ)

German States ǀ Silesia

 * Academia Natura Curiosorum, Breslau (est. 1652)

German States ǀ Wǖrttemberg

 * Kurtze Anleitung von Formund Stahlschneiden Erfurt 1740 (Book Review(Lemma Gonfa)

Ireland

 * Royal Irish Academy, Dublin [JMK] (Josh Anderson)
 * Apothecaries' Hall est. 1791 (BJG)
 * Royal Dublin Society (LNJ)
 * Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland | RCSI |(BJG)
 * Royal_Military_and_Marine_Academy (Allison N. Osen)
 * Icelandic Scholarly Society (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)
 * Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) (Amanda Thompson)

Italian States

 * Accademia di Scienze, Lettere e Arti di Palermo/Academy of Sciences, Letters, and Arts of Palermo (Amanda Thompson)
 * Societa per la Compra di Libri/Society for the Purchase of Books] (Amanda Thompson)

Italian States| Brera

 * The Academy of Fine Arts of Brera (MAA)

Italian States|Bologna

 * Accademia Clementina, Bologna (est. 1708)
 * Accademia degli Inquieti (Accademia delle Scienze dell' Instituto di Bologna, from 1714-1802)
 * Accademia di Belle Arti di Bologna (1710- )
 * Accademia di Bologna
 * Accademia delle Scienze dell'Istituto di Bologna (1714- )
 * Regia Accademia Filarmonica di Bologna (1666- )

Italian States|Calabria

 * Cosentian Academy, Cosenza (TLMJ)

Italian States ǀ Duchy of Modena
Accademia Militare di Modena (TLMJ)
 * Real Academia de Medicina y Cirugía de Granada, Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Granada (Amanda Thompson)

Italian State | Mantova

 * National Virgilian Academy of Science, Letters & Arts est. 1768 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)

Italian State | Milan

 * Academy of Giuseppe Piermarini (MAA)
 * Societa Pattriotica de Milano, Patriotic Society of Milan (Amanda Thompson)

Italian State | Modena

 * Academy of Conjecturing Physicians est. 1751 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)

Italian States ǀ Naples

 * Reale Accademia delle Scienze e Belle-Lettere di Napoli (TLMJ)
 * Regale Accademia Ercolanese (Reale Accademia Ercolanese after 1787)
 * Reale Accademia Medico-Chirurgica di Napoli, Royal Medico-Surgical Academy of Napoli (Amanda Thompson)

Italian States ǀ Duchy of Piedmont

 * Accademia delle Scienze di Torino
 * Accademia di Agricoltura di Torino, Turin (LNJ)

Italian States ǀ Papal States

 * Accademia degli Arcadi, Rome
 * Accademia dei Lincei, Rome
 * Accademia del Nudo
 * Accademia di San Luca, Rome
 * Accademia Georgica (1778- )
 * Accademia Nazionale di Santa Cecilia, Rome
 * | Accademia Lancisiana di Roma
 * Académie de France à Rome
 * Bentvueghels (or Schildersbent), Rome (1680-1720)
 * Pontificia Ecclesiastica Academia, Rome (1701- )

Italian States ǀ Sardinia

 * Agrarian Society of Turin, Torino (TLMJ)
 * Accademia di Agricoltura di Torino, Academy of Agriculture of Torino
 * Société Royale de Turin (Accademia delle Scienze di Torino)

Italian States ǀ Tuscany

 * Accademia del Cimento, Florence (est. 1656)
 * Accademia delle Arti del Disegno, Florence
 * Accademia della Crusca, Florence
 * Accademia delle Scienze di Siena (est. 1690)
 * Accademia dei Georgofili
 * Accademia di Belle Arti, Florence
 * Accademia Etrusca di Cortona (est. 1726)
 * Accademia Fiorentina o Società di Eloquenza, Florence
 * Accademia Fiorentina Seconda, Florence
 * Accademia Palatina, Florence
 * Accademia Pisana, Pisa
 * Pontificia Accademia Romana di Archeologia
 * Societa Botanica Florentina, Florence

Italian States ǀ Venetian Republic

 * Accademia Carrara, Bergamo
 * Società Italiana delle Scienze, Verona

Italian States ǀ Vicenza

 * Accademia Olimpica

Low Countries

 * Royal Academies for Science and the Arts of Belgium, Brussels (LNJ)
 * Amsteldamsch Dicht- en Letteroefenend Genootschap: Wij Streven naar de Volmaaktheid/Amsterdam Society for Poetry and Literature: We Strive for Perfection/Amsteldamsche Dicht- en Letteroefenend Genootschap: Wij Streeven naar Volmaaktheid est. 1783 (BJG)
 * Bataafsch Genootschap der Proefondervindelijke Wijsbegeerte te Rotterdam/Batavian Society for Experimental Philosophy in Rotterdam est. 1769 (BJG) (Josh Anderson)
 * Genootschap tot Bevordering van Natuur-, Genees- en Heelkunde/Genootschap ter Bevordering van Natuur-, Genees- en Heelkunde/Society for the Advancement of Science, Medicine and Surgery est. 1790 (BJG) created wiki page], page moved to Society for the Advancement of Science, Medicine and Surgery
 * Gezelschap der Hollandsche Scheikundigen/Society of Hollandish Chemists est. 1790 (BJG)

Netherlands

 * Academia Rheno Trajactina, Utrecht
 * Netherlands Society for Industry & Trade est. 1777 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)
 * Natuurkundig Gezelschap te Utrecht/Physical Society of Utrecht est. 1777 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)
 * Natuurkundig Genootschap te Leeuwarden/Physical Society of Leeuwarden est. 1795 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)
 * Natuur- en Geneeskundige Correspondentie-Societeit in de Vereenigde Nederlanden/Physical & Health Sciences Correspondence Society in the United Netherlands est. 1779 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)
 * Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde/Society of Netherlands Literature est. 1776 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)
 * Koninklijk Zeeuwsch Genootschap der Wetenschappen/Royal Zeeland Society of Sciences est. 1769 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)

Poland

 * Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig/Research Society in Danzig est. 1743 (BJG) (Josh Anderson)
 * Towarzystwo Królewskie Warszawskie Przyjaciół Nauk/Royal Warsaw Society of the Friends of Science est. 1800 (BJG)
 * Warszawskie Towarzystwo Fizyczno-Chemiczne/Physisch-Chemische Warschauer Gesellschaft/Physico-Chemical Society of Warsaw est. 1767 (BJG)

Portugal

 * Academia das Sciencias de Lisboa, Lisbon (est. 1720)
 * Academia Real da História Portuguesa (est. 1720)

Russia

 * Rossijskaâ Akademiâ Hudožestv/Российская Академия Художеств/Russian Academy of Arts | RAKh |est. 1757 (BJG) Russian_Academy_of_Arts
 * Academy of the Three Noblest Arts, St. Petersburg (LNJ)
 * Academia Scientiarum Imperialis in St. Petersburg, 1724(LNJ)
 * Russian Academy of Sciences (LNJ) searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dacademy%2Bof%2Bsciences%252C%2Bst.%2Bpetersburg%26wc%3Don%26dc%3DAll%2BDisciplines&item=4&ttl=9252&returnArticleService=showArticle&resultsServiceName=doBasicResultsFromArticle
 * Imperatorskoe Volʹnoe Èkonomičeskoe Obŝestvo k Pooŝreniû v Rossii Zemledeliâ i Domostroitelʹstva/Императорское Вольное Экономическое Общество к Поощрению в России Земледелия и Домостроительства/Imperial Free Economic Society for the Encouragement in Russia of Agriculture and House-Building | ВЭО | est. 1765 (BJG)
 * Obŝestvo Lûbitelej Estestvoznaniâ, Antropologii i Ètnografii/Общество Любителей Естествознания, Антропологии и Этнографии/ Императорское Общество Любителей Естествознания, Антропологии и Этнографии/Society of Lovers of Natural Science, Anthropolgy and Ethnography est. 1863 (BJG)

 * Academgorodok (Novosibirsk, Russia) (Lemma Gonfa)

Spain

 * Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Carlos/Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Carlos est. 1768 (BJG)Real_Academia_de_Bellas_Artes_de_San_Carlos_de_Valencia
 * Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando/Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando | RABASF | est. 1752 (BJG)Royal_Academy_of_Fine_Arts_of_San_Fernando
 * Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona/Royal Academy of Sciences and Arts of Barcelona | RACAB | est. 1764 (BJG)
 * Real Academia de la Historia/Royal Academy of History | RAH | est. 1738 (BJG)
 * Real Academia de las Tres Nobles Artes de San Fernando/Royal Academy of the Three Noble Arts of San Fernando (Amanda Thompson)
 * Real Academia de Medicina y Cirugia de Valladolid/Royal Academy of Medicine and Surgery of Valladolid (Amanda Thompson)
 * Real Academia de Nobles y Bellas Artes de San Luis/Royal Academy of Noble and Fine Arts of San Luis est. 1792 (BJG)
 * Real Academia Española/Royal Spanish Academy | RAE | est. 1713 (BJG)Royal_Spanish_Academy
 * Real Academia Nacional de Medicina/Royal National Academy of Medicine | RANM | est. 1734 (BJG)
 * Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras/Royal Seville Academy of Humanities est. 1751 (BJG)
 * Real Sociedad Bascongada de los Amigos del País/Euskalerriaren Adiskideen Elkartea/Royal Basque Society of Friends of the Country | RSBAP | est. 1764 (BJG)
 * Real Sociedad Económica de los Amigos del País de la Provincia de Segovia/Royal Economic Society of the Friends of the Land of the Province of Segovia est. 1780 (BJG)
 * Reial Acadèmia de Bones Lletres de Barcelona/Real Academia de Buenas Letras de Barcelona = Royal Academy of Belles Lettres of Barcelona est. 1700 (BJG)

Sweden

 * Kungliga Akademien för de Fria Konsterna/Royal Art Academy/Kungliga Konstakademien/Royal Academy of Fine Arts | KAFK | est. 1735 (BJG)
 * Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund/Royal Physiographic Society in Lund est. 1772 (BJG)
 * Kungliga Krigsvetenskapsakademien/Royal Swedish Academy of War Sciences | KKrVA | est. 1796 (BJG)Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_War_Sciences
 * Kungliga Musikaliska Akademien/Royal Swedish Academy of Music | KMA | est. 1771 (BJG)Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Music
 * Kungliga Patriotiska Sällskapet/Royal Patriotic Society est. 1766 (BJG)
 * Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien/Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities | KVHAA | est. 1753 (BJG) Royal_Swedish_Academy_of_Letters,_History_and_Antiquities
 * Kungliga Vetenskaps-Societeten i Uppsala/Royal Society of Sciences at Uppsala est. 1710 (Josh Anderson)
 * Swedish Academy, Sockholm (LNJ)
 * Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (MAA)
 * Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien/Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences est. 1739 Current Day Website (Josh Anderson)

Switzerland

 * Schweitzerische Gesellschaft in Bern/Swiss Society of Bern est. 1759 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)
 * Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Zürich/Natural Science Society in Zürich est. 1746 (Amanda Lanning-Ziegler)


text:
18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Society of the Virtuosi of St Luke

Summary
Name of Society: Society of the Virtuosi of St. Luke

Alternate Name(s): St Luke's Club, Vandyke's Club

Country: England

City: London

Active dates: ca. 1689-1743

The Society of the Virtuosi of St. Luke, also called St Luke's Club or Vandyke's Club existed from 1689 to 1743. It was one of the first artistic societies founded in England. A social club, the members, both gentlemen patrons and artists, met in taverns and were most active during the London season. Little surviving information exists about the group, but

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


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This is my talk page. Message me here, if you can. My signatureBRAINULATOR9 15:23, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

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text:
Children, Schools and Families Bill/Amendments to Section 442 of EA 1996

Current wording of Section 8 of Schedule 1
8    (1)  Section 442 of EA 1996 (revocation of order at request of parent) is amended as follows.

 * (2) Before subsection (1) there is inserted—

 * “(A1)  Subsections (B1) to (D1) apply where a school attendance order served by a local authority in England is in force in respect of a child.

 * (B1)  If the child is registered on the authority’s home education register, the authority shall revoke the order.

 * (C1)  If the authority are satisfied that the child—

 * (a)  is in the area of another authority, and

 * (b)  is registered on that authority’s home education register,

 * they shall revoke the order.

 * (D1)  If at any time the parent applies to the authority requesting that the order be revoked on the ground that arrangements have been made for the child to receive suitable education, otherwise than at a school, under section 19, the authority shall comply with the request, unless they are of the opinion that no satisfactory arrangements to this effect have been made.”

 * (3) In subsection (1), for the words from “This section” to “order” there is substituted “Subsection (2) applies where a school attendance order served by a local authority in Wales”.

 * (4) In subsection (3), after “subsection” there is inserted “(D1) or”.

 * (5) In subsection (5)(a), after “subsections” there is inserted “(B1) to (D1) and”.

Proposed amendment 1
Section 8(2), section (D1) Remove "under section 19,"

How Section 8 of Schedule 1 would look when amended
8    (1)  Section 442 of EA 1996 (revocation of order at request of parent) is amended as follows.

 * (2) Before subsection (1) there is inserted—

 * “(A1)  Subsections (B1) to (D1) apply where a school attendance order served by a local authority in England is in force in respect of a child.

 * (B1)  If the child is registered on the authority’s home education register, the authority shall revoke the order.

 * (C1)  If the authority are satisfied that the child—

 * (a)  is in the area of another authority, and

 * (b)  is registered on that authority’s home education register,

 * they shall revoke the order.

 * (D1)  If at any time the parent applies to the authority requesting that the order be revoked on the ground that arrangements have been made for the child to receive suitable education, otherwise than at a school, the authority shall comply with the request, unless they are of the opinion that no satisfactory arrangements to this effect have been made.”

 * (3) In subsection (1), for the words from “This section” to “order” there is substituted “Subsection (2) applies where a school attendance order served by a local authority in Wales”.

 * (4) In subsection (3), after “subsection” there is inserted “(D1) or”.

 * (5) In subsection (5)(a), after “subsections” there is inserted “(B1) to (D1) and”.

How Section 442 of the Education Act 1996 would look when amended
442 Revocation of order at request of parent

 * (A1)  Subsections (B1) to (D1) apply where a school attendance order served by a local authority in England is in force in respect of a child.

 * (B1)  If the child is registered on the authority’s home education register, the authority shall revoke the order.

 * (C1)  If the authority are satisfied that the child—

 * (a)  is in the area of another authority, and

 * (b)  is registered on that authority’s home education register,

 * they shall revoke the order.

 * (D1)  If at any time the parent applies to the authority requesting that the order be revoked on the ground that arrangements have been made for the child to receive suitable education, otherwise than at a school, the authority shall comply with the request, unless they are of the opinion that no satisfactory arrangements to this effect have been made.

 * (1) Subsection (2) applies where a school attendance order served by a local authority in Wales is in force in respect of a child.

 * (2) If at any time the parent applies to the local education authority requesting that the order be revoked on the ground that arrangements have been made for the child to receive suitable education otherwise than at school, the authority shall comply with the request, unless they are of the opinion that no satisfactory arrangements have been made for the education of the child otherwise than at school.

 * (3) If a parent is aggrieved by a refusal of the local education authority to comply with a request under subsection (D1) or (2), he may refer the question to the Secretary of State.

 * (4) Where a question is referred to the Secretary of State under subsection (3), he shall give such direction determining the question as he thinks fit.

 * (5) Where the child in question is one for whom the authority maintain a statement under section 324—

 * (a) subsections (B1) to (D1) and (2) to (4) do not apply if the name of a school or other institution is specified in the statement, and

 * (b) in any other case a direction under subsection (4) may require the authority to make such amendments in the statement as the Secretary of State considers necessary or expedient in consequence of his determination.


text:
Children, Schools and Families Bill/Amendments to Section 443 of EA 1996

Current wording of Section 9 of Schedule 1
9    (1)  Section 443 of EA 1996 (offence: failure to comply with order) is amended as follows.

 * (2) Before subsection (1) there is inserted—

 * “(A1)  A parent on whom a school attendance order is served in respect of a child by a local authority in England, and who fails to comply with the requirements of the order, is guilty of an offence unless—

 * (a)  the parent proves that he is causing the child to receive suitable education, otherwise than at school, under section 19,

 * (b)  the child is registered on the authority’s home education register, or

 * (c)  the parent proves that the child is in the area of another authority, and the child is registered on that authority’s home education register.”

 * (3) In subsection (1), after “served” there is inserted “by a local authority in Wales”.

Proposed amendment 1
Section 9(2), section (A1)(a) Delete all after "school"

How Section 9 of Schedule 1 would look when amended
9    (1)  Section 443 of EA 1996 (offence: failure to comply with order) is amended as follows.

 * (2) Before subsection (1) there is inserted—

 * “(A1)  A parent on whom a school attendance order is served in respect of a child by a local authority in England, and who fails to comply with the requirements of the order, is guilty of an offence unless—

 * (a)  the parent proves that he is causing the child to receive suitable education, otherwise than at school,

 * (b)  the child is registered on the authority’s home education register, or

 * (c)  the parent proves that the child is in the area of another authority, and the child is registered on that authority’s home education register.”

 * (3) In subsection (1), after “served” there is inserted “by a local authority in Wales”.

How Section 443 of the Education Act 1996 would look when amended
443 Offence: failure to comply with school attendance order

 * (A1)  A parent on whom a school attendance order is served in respect of a child by a local authority in England, and who fails to comply with the requirements of the order, is guilty of an offence unless—

 * (a)  the parent proves that he is causing the child to receive suitable education, otherwise than at school,

 * (b)  the child is registered on the authority’s home education register, or

 * (c)  the parent proves that the child is in the area of another authority, and the child is registered on that authority’s home education register.

 * (1) If a parent on whom a school attendance order is served by a local authority in Wales fails to comply with the requirements of the order, he is guilty of an offence, unless he proves that he is causing the child to receive suitable education otherwise than at school.

 * (2) If, in proceedings for an offence under this section, the parent is acquitted, the court may direct that the school attendance order shall cease to be in force.

 * (3) A direction under subsection (2) does not affect the duty of the local education authority to take further action under section 437 if at any time the authority are of the opinion that, having regard to any change of circumstances, it is expedient to do so.

 * (4) A person guilty of an offence under this section is liable on summary conviction to a fine not exceeding level 3 on the standard scale.


text:
User talk:Positivesigner

 Hello Positivesigner, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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 Hello , we are the Baah and Bahh twins and we'd both like to welcome you to Wikiversity. While you sit back and explore Wikiversity, enjoy some of our fresh goat milk. You can help us learn by creating new learning resources or help us by improving the guided tours and other exploration tools. We look forward to seeing you around. Baaaahbye for now.

title: User talk:Positivesigner


text:
User talk:RichRoddy

 Hello RichRoddy, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:17, 25 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:RichRoddy


text:
User talk:Shawnanderson75

 Hello Shawnanderson75, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 25 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shawnanderson75


text:
User talk:Pancakesmasher101

 Hello Pancakesmasher101, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 25 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pancakesmasher101


text:
User talk:Solarplight

 Hello Solarplight, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 25 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Solarplight


text:
User talk:Mbrad

 Hello Mbrad, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 25 December 2009 (UTC)

Google Summer of Code
I found out on IRC #mediawiki and #wikimedia that the Foundation will certainly attempt to sponsor projects at the Google Summer of Code between March 8 and 12. Please make a bugzilla account and add yourself to the cc list and vote for the request. Then please send Erik and me a mailto:erik@wikimedia.org,giftex@talknicer.com explaining your interest and necessary payment schedule. The Google Summer of Code stipends are $5000 this year. 99.22.95.61 01:15, 17 February 2010 (UTC)

I didn't see your vote registered on bugzilla, there may be another step involved to submit it. See if you can see it register when you are logged in to #mediawiki from http://webchat.freenode.net. I agree you should look and see how Moodle does adaptive quizzes, because that might be much easier than the del Soldato and du Boulay work, but I hope looking at the Moodle code doesn't make it harder for you to extend the Mediawiki Quiz module. Don't forget to email Erik and I expressing your interest in working on this, please. 99.191.75.124 15:30, 24 February 2010 (UTC)

Moodle adaptivity
The difference between the computer adaptive testing implemented in Moodle and those proposed at -- as far as I've been able to tell without looking at the code -- is that Moodle's is based on score outcomes exclusively, without regard to learners' self-reported confidence or how often they are requesting help. Have you been able to tell whether http://microformats.org/wiki/gift#Extensions will be useful for your first pass at a GIFT importer in Mediawiki? Also, you will want to have mysql running locally so you can make schema changes -- I am not sure how those are packaged with Mediawiki modules, but the LiquidThreads (or some other, simpler extension) may be a much better place to look than the Mediawiki Quiz module, which may involve zero database schema changes. Again, the people on #mediawiki on IRC can help answer questions about how to write Mediawiki extensions. You can reply here; I'm putting changes to this page into my rss reader. 99.22.95.69 17:44, 5 March 2010 (UTC)

GIFT and Wikiversity microformats
Hi, I noticed that you created 2 pages called "Comparison of GIFT and Wikiversity microformats." Was there any problem with me redirecting one of the pages to the other? --AFriedman (talk) 03:01, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

 * I am still a novice. I edited the name "Comparison of GIFT and Wikiversity microformats" to "Comparison of GIFT and Wikiversity Microformats" thinking I was merely capitalizing the word "microformats" in the link. When I realized that I had created a new link, I re-pasted everything I had written to that page. I assumed that as an orphan the earlier redundant copy would eventually get destroyed but redirection is fine too I guess. Thank you for doing that. If you want to destroy it or you want me to destroy it I will do that. I just haven't learned how yet. Mbrad 03:17, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

You're welcome. Redirection, which I did, tends to be a better option because the capitalization of the page name is an easy typo to make. Also, changes to one page should be saveable on all the relevant pages however you type the name. Redirect links can be created by deleting everything on a Wikiversity page and clicking the "#R" button on your toolbar to create the link. Also, only custodians can delete pages so that they're red links again. I am able to do this, but you wouldn't be. Any other questions? --AFriedman (talk) 06:38, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

 * No. No other questions. But thanks again. Mbrad 07:10, 9 March 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mbrad


text:
User talk:Caspian Rehbinder~enwikiversity

 Hello Caspian Rehbinder, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 25 December 2009 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Caspian Rehbinder. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Caspian Rehbinder~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:32, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:04, 19 April 2015 (UTC)


text:
Talk:Introduction to Italian/Lesson 4

The number for twentynine seems incorrect to me, I am not familliar with the Italian language so I'll leave correcting to one of or more knowledgeable on this subject. Kind regards, MrMoonlight

title: Talk:Introduction to Italian/Lesson 4


text:
Music of the Baroque Era

The Baroque Era
"Baroque" is traditionally the term applied to a highly grand and decorative form of artistic expression in the 17th century. The term was first used to describe architecture and art, but was later applied to music. The period is often described as existing from the birth of opera and oratorio in the 1600s until the influence of classical style became widespread in the 1760s. Learning resources should be published in this area to further explain the Baroque era, style and composers who were influenced by the time.

Composers
The Baroque era hosted one of the most loved composers ever to have put pen to paper.

The German composer Johann Sebastian Bach wrote many cantatas, several oratorios, and lots of other choral and instrumental music. Bach was probably one of the most prolific composers to ever live, at one stage writing a large-scale cantata and two organ pieces every week (for nearly three years) He is often considered a master of harmony, and students today still learn his principles of harmonisation.

The French court composer Jean-Baptiste Lully was perhaps the first Baroque composer to gain notoriety. With his compositions for the French court, Baroque music became more magnificent than what had come before, with larger orchestration.

In England, Henry Purcell showed a very different style to other composers of the time.

Fugue
A fugue is a musical composition involving two or more independent parts. It is organized around a "subject" (like a theme) which is repeated in varied ways throughout the composition. The subject can appear in one of four ways: 1) original form; 2) inverted ("upside down"); 3) retrograde (backwards); or 4) retrograde inverted. J.S. Bach was famous for his fugues.

Suite
A suite is a collection of short pieces of music all associated with dances. All the dances are in the same key. They contrast one another in terms of time signature and/or metre. Although a suite's pieces were all once associated with dances, the Baroque suite is meant for listening, not as dance accompaniment.

Wikipedia
"Baroque" at Wikipedia

"Baroque Music" at Wikipedia

title: Music of the Baroque Era


text:
User talk:Aylienne

 Hello Aylienne, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 26 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aylienne


text:
User talk:Ferrarama

 Hello Ferrarama, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 26 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ferrarama


text:
User talk:ManUStank

 Hello ManUStank, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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title: User talk:ManUStank


text:
Votian/Partitive

== Partitive ==

Morphophonology and pronunciation

 * The singular partitive suffix takes a consonant stem if available e.g.  nōr-ta ('younger' singular partitive ) vs.  nōre̮-t  ( plural nominative ),  päivüt-tä ('sun' singular partitive ) vs.  päivǖ  ( singular genitive ).
 * Thus a singular partitive is usually in a grade opposite to plural nominative, caused by consonant gradation in stems e.g.  seppǟ  ('a blacksmith' singular partitive ) vs. sepäD ('blacksmiths'),  ammassa ('a tooth' singular partitive) vs. ampāD ('teeth').
 * Plural partitive is always in the strong grade  if available  e.g.  rataz ('wheel' singular nominative) vs. rattaita ( plural partitive ),  linnuD ('bird' plural nominative) vs. lintuita  ( plural partitive ).

Notice the following phonetic changes!
 * s + t > ss: e.g. nais-sa ('wife') < *nais-ta.
 * k + t > tt: e.g. sie̮t-ta ('tie') < *sie̮k-ta.
 * n and m have prolonged the preceding vowel:
 * m + t > nt after primary stress: e.g. лun-ta ('snow') < *лum-ta.
 * m + t >   ̄ t elsewhere: e.g.  ve̮tī-ta ('key') < *ve̮tin-ta < *ve̮tim-ta.
 * n + t >   ̄ t: e.g.  sēmē-tä ('seed') < *sēmen-ta.
 * h has been preserved in front of the partitive  -ta , but has (usually) disappeared from the end of words and in front of vowels :
 * *h + t > ht: e.g. erneh-tä ('pea') ~   erne (singular nominative),   ernēD < *herneh-et (plural nominative)

 * Pronunciation of partitive suffixes varies (  -ta  >  -ta, -tä ,  -ita  >  -ita, -itä  ) according to vowel harmony e.g. īr-tä ('mouse' singular partitive ),  e̮pe̮a-ta  ('silver' singular partitive ),  ne-itä  ('they' plural partitive ),  vasaroi-ta  ('hammers' plural partitive ).
 * The plural morpheme -ita has usually lost it's -ta component to be pronounced as a pure  plural stem   e.g. jaлka+ita > jaлkoi  ("leg" plural partitive ),  лahse̮+ita > лahsai  ("child" plural partitive ),  lino+ita > linoi  ("flax" plural partitive ),  mutukka+ita >  mutukkoi  ("insects" plural partitive ),  värttänī  ('spindle' plural partitive ),  e̮mī vellī  ("own brothers" plural partitive ),   me̮nikkai paлoi  ("some pieces" plural partitive ).
 * Yet this is not a general rule e.g. varkā+ita >  varkaita ("thieves" plural partitive ),  muna+ita >  mune̮ita  ("egg" plural partitive ),  einä+ita >  einoita  ("hay" plural partitive ),  tüttäre+ita >  tüttärītä   ("daughters" plural partitive ),   pillītä  ("musical instruments" plural partitive ),   ope̮zīta  ("horses" plural partitive ),   rikkāpīta  ("richer ones" plural partitive ).
 * t of partitive suffixes is usually omitted after a short vowel, because Finnic obstruents were weakened after unstressed syllables like in  consonant gradation of suffixes e.g.  lintu-a  ('bird' singular partitive ),  sepp-iä  ('blacksmiths' plural partitive ).
 * In such cases  ä  and  a  of the stem melt together with the vowel of partitive suffix into a single long vowel e.g. leipä+ta > leipä+ä >  leipǟ  ('bread' singular partitive ), lidna+ta > lidna+a >  lidnā  ('town' singular partitive ), vorotnikka+ta   > vorotnikka+a   >  vorotnikkā   ('collar' singular partitive )
 * t of partitive suffixes may have been preserved after secondary stress by some speakers ( in some dialects ) e.g.  e̮pe̮a-ta  ('silver' singular partitive ).
 * The final vowel of partitive suffixes may be omitted depending in it's position in a sentence (especially in Jõgõperä dialect) e.g.  kunni zvierid ve̮ittivad  ̮ lintuit  ('... as long as the quadrupeds were winning the birds ...'),  tuon süvvä sūri pähtšinīt i e̮une̮i  ('I bring (you) big nuts and apples to eat. '),  tütär e̮li ke̮rke̮at kazvua  ('The daughter was tall.') Lempola dialect.

Usage

 * 1) Partitive marks a matter which is measured. In such a case it's preceded by a quantity unit or a number e.g.   kahs pihua sūrimoi  ("Two handfuls of pearl-barley.").
 * 2) Countable nouns will be in singular e.g.   kahs pihua  ("Two handfuls.").
 * 3) Uncountable nouns will be in plural e.g.   pihu sūrimoi  ("A handful of pearl-barley.").
 * 4) Partitive, which expresses partiality, is opposed to  nominative , which marks the whole e.g.   ühs  pihu  sūrimoi  ("A handful of pearl-barley." Here the word  pihu  is in singular nominative.),  koko  pihu   ("A whole handful." ),  kõikk  sūrimaD   ("All the pearl-barley." Here the word  sūrimaD  is in plural nominative.).
 * 5) Partitive marks a  partial    subject   while  nominative   marks a  total subject   of a sentence e.g.  mā-mune̮ita lēB  ("There will be some potatoes (for you)." - plural partitive) vs.  māmunaD om pe̮lloll   ("(All the) potatoes (what we are talking about) are on the field." - plural nominative)
 * 6) See the page of  main cases  for further details.
 * 7) Partitive marks a  partial    object   while  nominative  or  genitive  mark a  total object  of a sentence e.g.   tōn süvvä lihā i ve̮ita    ("I'll bring (you) some meat and butter to eat." - singular partitive ) vs.  tōn lihā i ve̮i   ("I'll bring all the meat and butter." - singular genitive ).
 * 8) See the page of  main cases  for further details.
 * 9) Partitive marks a  partial    predicative   while  nominative  marks a  total predicative  of a sentence.
 * 10)   tämä naizikko on tōž soikkoлaisī  ('This woman also is a one of Soikkola Ingrians.' i.e. We emphasize, that she belongs to a group of certain quality - is a part of that group. - This is a partial predicative.)
 * 11)   tämä on soikkuлaine̮  ( Liivtšülä dialect 'This one is a Soikkola Ingrian.' i.e. We don't emphasize, that she belongs to that group. - This is a total predicative.)
 * 12) See the page of  main cases  for further details.
 * 13) Partitive marks time.
 * 14) If the time unit has an attribute, then the attribute only will be in  adessive , but the time unit itself is in  partitive  case - e.g.  senel̄   päivǟ  ('on that day'),  ühel̄    ke̮rtā tuli sūr tūli  ('Once there was a big wind')
 * 15) Partitive marks origin e.g.  tütär e̮li ke̮rke̮at kazvua  ('The daughter was tall.') Lempola dialect,   tämä naizikko on tōž soikkoлaisī  ('This woman also is a one of Soikkola Ingrians.'),   sika on üvǟ sukua  ('The pig is of a good breed.').
 * 16) Partitive marks cause e.g.  lezzellä e̮li itšävä mēssä  ('The widow longed for her husband.').
 * 17) Partitive marks direction e.g.  tämä taitšinākā viskazi īrtä  ('She threw dough towards the mouse.').
 * 18) Partitive is used with  comparison  e.g.  ke̮ikke̮a sūre̮p pojo  ('a boy bigger than all the others = the biggest boy'),   miä e̮лe̮n paĺĺo vanapi teitä  ('I'm much older than you.') ,   ke̮rke̮apaлt lidnā   ('higher than the town').
 * 19) Partitive is used with certain  postpositions and prepositions  e.g.  enne se̮tā   ('before the war').

Dialectal alternatives

 * Votic of Ingria

 * Western
 * Hill dialect:
 * All Votic (both eastern and western) dialects may use doubled partitive  marker ( depending in vowel harmony )  -ata, -ätä  (especially the  Kattila dialect) e.g.   leipǟtä  ('bread' singular partitive ),  vävüätä  ('son in law' singular partitive ),  nōre̮pāta  ('younger' singular partitive ).

 * Vaipooli

 * Jõgõperä dialect
 * The vowel of partitive suffix may be  -e, -e̮ .
 * e.g.  pǟ-te  ( "head" singular partitive ),  mu-ite̮  ( "others" plural partitive ),   lähet-te  ( "spring ~ water source " singular partitive )

title: Votian/Partitive


text:
User:Janpha

This is Janpha Thadphoothon's Wikiversity.
I am an English teacher at a private university in Bangkok, Thailand.

title: User:Janpha


text:
User:Shameermbm

Hi, My Name is Shameer. studying third year of BBA in Tamil language. w:user:shameermbm

title: User:Shameermbm


text:
User talk:Teknowilly

 Hello Teknowilly, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Teknowilly


text:
User talk:Vatansever~enwikiversity

 Hello Vatansever, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Vatansever. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Vatansever~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:11, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:24, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vatansever~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Paulomiguel~enwikiversity

 Hello Paulomiguel, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Ecolig
Hello, and welcome to Wikiversity! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Ecolig, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a direct copy from http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/e/sac/meem/index.php/meem/article/viewFile/78/70. As a copyright violation, Ecolig appears to qualify for deletion. Ecolig has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. If the source is a credible one, please consider rewriting the content and citing the source.

If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under the CC-BY-SA 3.0, you can comment to that effect on Talk:Ecolig. If the article has already been deleted, but you have a proper release, you can reenter the content at Ecolig, after describing the release on the talk page. However, you may want to consider rewriting the content in your own words. Thank you, and please feel free to continue contributing to Wikiversity. Juan de Vojníkov 06:25, 5 August 2010 (UTC)

OTRS help
Help:OTRS.--Juan de Vojníkov 11:16, 8 August 2010 (UTC)

E-mail sent to Paulomiguel
For transparency, I've sent the following email to Paulomiguel:

The article you created, http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Ecolig, was under a deletion discussion that lasted way, way too long. The conclusion was No Consensus, so the page has not been deleted.

There were two kinds of arguments for deletion: the first was possible copyright violation. Those arguments were unclear. As you are apparently the author of the work that was allegedly violated, there would be various ways to handle copyright violation issues so as to head off possible future confusion over this. If you have email notification set up for your Wikiversity user talk page, as I recommend, you can be contacted, then, by any Wikiversity user through posting to your Talk page and can respond there.

It was suggested before that you go through OTRS to establish your identity. I'm not sure that's necessary, but if someone wants to insist on it, it might become so.

Having an author who maintains contact can be an important element in maintaining Wikiversity resources. If you are available to discuss the concepts, that would be super. Discussion is an important part of education, and Wikiversity is not Wikipedia, where discussion of topics is actually discouraged.

The second argument was that it was "fringe" or "weird" or "poorly written." Those are not valid deletion reasons for Wikiversity, provided that material is not presented in a misleading way.

I apologize for what may have appeared as a rude rejection of your work, but I'll explain that Wikiversity does need to be careful about copyright, and that there are -- or were -- differences of opinion in the community as to what may be hosted. The founders of Wikiversity and the general sense of the community, though, is that original research is allowed, and that ideas being unusual or seeming strange is not a problem, again, provided that no deceptive appearance is created that might give ideas not generally accepted an appearance of being mainstream or established.

I hope you will consider becoming active at Wikiversity, especially with respect to your own research and interests, or otherwise helping out where you have expertise and interest.

(just sent) --Abd 16:52, 24 April 2011 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Paulomiguel. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Paulomiguel~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:47, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:17, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paulomiguel~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Egm6341.s10

 Hello Egm6341.s10, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Template of copyright licenses for uploading files:

A discussion you might be interested in
Colloquium. Ottava Rima (talk) 14:59, 9 February 2010 (UTC)

Creating a personal user account
Hello Professor,

You may want to create an account under your own name to help unify these other accounts. I've listed your many wikiversity courses at User:Prof. Loc Vu-Quoc. It would be lovely to see your reflections on how the courses have come out after they are over.

Regards, and thanks for your contributions, –SJ + > 07:53, 7 April 2010 (UTC)

Licensing
I note you've uploaded a number of media files (e.g File:Egm6341.s10.mtg46.djvu) using the above template. Could you clarify whether or not you are allowing commercial reuse of your work? The template you are using is unclear, and I've previously expressed this concern on Wikipedia where it seems to come from. The issue is that it refers to "the Creative Commons license Attribution Share-Alike version 3.0 and the Creative Commons license Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike version 3.0". "Attribution Share-Alike version 3.0" would allow commercial reuse whilst "Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike version 3.0" obviously doesn't. What is the situation with these files? Thanks. Adambro 15:15, 14 June 2010 (UTC)
 * I note that you've today uploaded another media file (File:Egm6341.s10.mtg47.djvu) with the licensing situation I've described above. I would appreciate clarification of this situation before you upload any more files please. Thanks. Adambro 15:28, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

 * read MultiLicenseWithCC-BySA-Any Egm6341.s10 15:38, 22 June 2010 (UTC)
 * You seem to be using a variation of MultiLicenseWithCC-BySA-Any and there are some important differences. As I've noted, the statement on your uploads such as File:Egm6341.s10.mtg47.djvu reads "I agree to multi-license my text contributions, unless otherwise stated, under Wikipedia's copyright terms and the Creative Commons license Attribution Share-Alike version 3.0 and the Creative Commons license Attribution Non-Commercial Share-Alike version 3.0." It remains unclear what the licensing status of these files actually is. Is commercial reuse permitted or not? The phrase "Wikipedia's copyright terms" currently just links to Copyrights whilst it isn't clear from w:Wikipedia:Copyrights what licence would apply to these files. Could you state what license or licences these files are available under and confirm commercial reuse is permitted? Adambro 15:51, 22 June 2010 (UTC)

 * whatever is permitted by the official wikipedia licensing template; check with wikipedia. Adam, don't worry; anyone who is anxious to make some money out of our work would need to know how to read the license first; s/he can also check with wikipedia if s/he does not understand the license. Egm6341.s10 16:08, 23 June 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Egm6341.s10


text:
User talk:Thecountrysfinished

 Hello Thecountrysfinished, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thecountrysfinished


text:
User talk:Samihamdoun

 Hello Samihamdoun, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Samihamdoun


text:
User talk:MPHd

 Hello MPHd, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:MPHd


text: User talk:Janpha

title: User talk:Janpha


text:
Trigonometry/Functions/Quiz

{Match the ratio column with the trig function row +-- $$\sin\theta$$ -+- $$\cos\theta$$ --+ $$\tan\theta$$
 * type="" coef="3"}
 * $$\frac{opp}{hyp}$$ | $$\frac{adj}{hyp}$$ | $$\frac{opp}{adj}$$

{Match the ratio column with the trig function row +-- $$\csc\theta$$ -+- $$\sec\theta$$ --+ $$\cot\theta$$
 * type="" coef="3"}
 * $$\frac{hyp}{opp}$$ | $$\frac{hyp}{adj}$$ | $$\frac{adj}{opp}$$

{$$\cos\frac{\pi}{6}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$$ + TRUE. - FALSE.
 * type=""}

{$$\sin\frac{\pi}{6}=\frac{1}{2}$$ + TRUE. - FALSE.
 * type=""}

{$$\tan\frac{\pi}{6}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$$ + TRUE. - FALSE.
 * type=""}

{ What is   $$\cos\frac{\pi}{4}=$${ √2/2|sqrt2/2 (i)|sqrt(2)/2 (i) _9 }
 * type="{}"}

{ What is   $$\sin\frac{\pi}{4}=$${ √2/2|sqrt2/2 (i)|sqrt(2)/2 (i) _9 }
 * type="{}"}

{ What is   $$\tan\frac{\pi}{4}=$${ 1_9 }
 * type="{}"}

{ What is   $$\cos\frac{\pi}{3}=$${ 1/2|0.5_9 }
 * type="{}"}

{ What is   $$\sin\frac{\pi}{3}=$${ √3/2|sqrt3/2 (i)|sqrt(3)/2 (i) _9 }
 * type="{}"}

{ What is   $$\tan\frac{\pi}{3}=$${ √3|sqrt3 (i)|sqrt(3) (i) _9 }
 * type="{}"}

title: Trigonometry/Functions/Quiz


text:
Talk:ASCII art/Examples

Hi, why this page was deleted?--Juan de Vojníkov 09:30, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

title: Talk:ASCII art/Examples


text:
Votian/Internal Locative Cases

Internal locative cases
The -s component of all the internal locative cases has probably the same origin as the lative suffix -s of some adverbs: üle-z ('up'), aлa-z ('down'), taga-z ('back').
 * The suffixes of all the internal locative cases are composed of different directional suffixes following an -s component, which indicates a location in something
 * 1) *-s + -na 'being in a certain situation' > -ssa
 * 2) *-s + -n 'towards' > -sen
 * 3) *-s + -ta 'away from' > -sta

Pronunciation
Inessive -ssa  morpheme
 * 1)  is generally pronounced as
 * 2)   -zä, -za    ( depending in vowel harmony ) both in singular and  plural  e.g. pezä-zä ('in the nest'), mā-za  ('in the ground'), mai-za  ('in various countries'),  tšülī-zä   (' in villages ')
 * 3)  the vowel of this morpheme may be omitted depending in it's position in a sentence (especially in Jõgõperä dialect).
 * 4)   -z  e.g.  pēnepäz   ̮ rihezä on лauta  ('There is a table in the smaller room.'),  eglē e̮limma lidnaz  ('We were in the city yesterday.' The word "e̮limma" is stressed. vs.  e̮limma lidnaza  ='We were in the city (not in a village).').
 * 5)  The inessive suffix may be pronounced -s  or  -š  caused by  sandhi
 * 6)  e.g.  kureaš   ̮ tšäezä  ('in the left hand' - in front of a voiceless consonant).

Elative -sta  morpheme
 * 1)  has went through the Votic sound change * st  >  ss  like  partitive and is pronounced
 * 2)   -ssä, -ssa    ( depending in vowel harmony ) e.g. mehe-ssä ('from a man'), akkuna-ssa  ('from a window')
 * 3)  the vowel of this morpheme may be omitted depending in it's position in a sentence (especially in Jõgõperä dialect).
 * 4)   -s̄    e.g.  tämä akkunas̄    rǟgahtī  ('She shouted from the window.'),   ajan e̮mas̄̄    kōssa vällǟ  ('I shall expell (her) from my house.')

Pronunciation of the illative  -sen  morpheme  has dialectal and individual peculiarities, but generally:
 * 1) the final -n became a prolongation of the preceding vowel like in  genitive
 * 2) s has been preserved as h after a primary stress only. The stressed vowel has contracted.
 * 3)  -hē, -hē̮    ( depending in vowel harmony ) e.g. sō + sen >  sohē̮  ('into a swamp'), ȫ + sen >  öhē  ('into the night'), sū + sen >  suhē̮  ('into mouth'), jǟ + sen >  jähē  ('into ice')
 * 4) e  assimilated   with the stem vowel in some dialects
 * 5) e.g. mā + sen >  *māhen >  mahā ('into the ground' is usual in all dialects), pǟ + sen >  pähǟ  ('into the head')
 * 6)  after a short vowel without a primary stress there is nothing left of the  illative  suffix but a prolongation of the preceding vowel
 * 7)  e.g. se̮ta + sen > se̮tā ('into a war'), kahtšizikko + sen > kahtšizikkō ('into a birch forest')
 * 8)  after a long vowel without a primary stress the  illative  suffix is pronounced as  -sē, -sē̮     ( depending in vowel harmony )
 * 9)  e.g. tširvē + sen > tširvēsē ('into an ax'), ōnē̮ + sen > ōnē̮sē̮ ('into a building')
 * 10)  -sē, -sē̮     may be omitted after a long vowel without a primary stress
 * 11)  e.g. tširvē + sen > tširvē ('into an ax'), ōnē̮ + sen > ōnē̮ ('into a building')
 * 12)  -sē, -sē̮     may be added as a duplicate
 * 13)  e.g. se̮ta + sen > se̮tāsē̮  ('into a war'), kahtšizikko + sen > kahtšizikkōsē̮  ('into a birch forest'), mā + sen >  mahāsē̮  ('into the ground'), pǟ + sen >  pähǟsē  ('into the head'), sō + sen >  sohē̮sē̮  ('into a swamp'), ȫ + sen >  ȫhēsē  ('into the night'), sū + sen >  suhē̮sē̮  ('into mouth'), jǟ + sen >  jähēsē  ('into ice')
 * 14) There has been a special plural counterpart   -sī    for the  emphatic   illative  suffixes  -sē, -sē̮      e.g. Kõrvõttula dialect pē̮sa-i-sī ('into bushes').
 * 15) Usually  ( depending in vowel harmony )  -sē  or  -sē̮  is used both in singular and plural.
 * 16)  -sē, -sē̮     may be used for any plural stem
 * 17)  e.g. maisē̮  ('into countries'), vasaroisē̮  ('into hammers'), lintuisē̮  ('into birds'), pehmeisē ~ pehmīsē  ('into soft ones'),  sūre̮pīsē̮  ('into bigger ones')

Morphophonology
Inessive -ssa
 * 1)  Any single consonant of a stem with an inessive suffix is in a grade opposite to singular nominative, caused by consonant gradation in stems.  E.g.
 * 2)   pāza  ('in a pot') vs.  pata  ( singular nominative ),  orgoza  ('in a valley') vs.  orko  ( singular nominative ),  kravuza  ('in a crab') vs.  krapu  ( singular nominative ),  izäzä  ('in a father') vs.  isä  ( singular nominative ).
 * 3)  Consonant clusters and geminates of a stem with an inessive suffix are always in the strong grade. E.g.
 * 4)   hs   -   лahse̮za   ('in a child').
 * 5)   ss   -   mussaza  ('in the black one').
 * 6)   kk   -   ve̮rkkoza  ('in a net'),   лuzikkaza  ('in a spoon ').
 * 7)   pp   -   rōppaza  ('in a porridge').
 * 8)   tt   -   лauttaza  ('in a byre').
 * 9)   tts   -   kammittsaza  ('in a hobble '),   mettsäzä  ('in a forest ').
 * 10)   ttš   -   lühzettšizä  ('in a milk-pail '),   pittšäzä  ('in a long one ').

Elative -sta
 * 1)  Singular elative is usually in a grade opposite to singular nominative, caused by consonant gradation in stems  e.g.   jaлka  ('leg' singular nominative) vs.  jaлgassa  ( singular elative ),  uhsi ('door' singular nominative) vs.  uhze̮s̄  ( singular elative ),  ammaz (' tooth' singular nominative) vs.  ampāssa  ( singular elative ).

illative -sen
 * 1)  Illative is always in the  strong grade   e.g.  rataz ('wheel' singular nominative) vs. rattāsē̮ ( singular illative ),  ve̮rkoD  ('net' plural nominative) vs.  ve̮rkkōsē̮   ( singular illative ).

 * A  plural  stem is usually in the strong grade, if there is such a grade available e.g.  ve̮rkossa  ('net' singular elative ) <  ve̮rkkoissa   ( plural elative ).

 * A single consonant may be geminated in front of a long vowel in some dialects e.g.  tšättē ~ tšättè  ('hand' singular illative Jõgõperä dialect ),  eл̆лōsē̮  ('life' singular illative Mati dialect ),  tar̆rē̮sē̮G  ('sauna' singular illative Itšäpäivä dialect ).

Inessive -ssa

 * 1) duration time - e.g.  siä e̮maz   ̮ iäz   ̮ ed   ̮ ehi hukata  ('You cannot spend (the wealth) in your lifetime .'),  ke̮лme̮za päiväzä tetši vaлmīssi  ('She made it ready in three days.')
 * 2) location in something - e.g.  mettsäzä näin pe̮drā  ('I saw a moose in the forest.')
 * 3) location in contact with somebody - e.g.  pojoллa on kauniš   ̮ tšiutto selläzä  ('The boy has a red shirt on.')
 * 4) location in influence of somebody - e.g.  kuivattagā kaлat   ̮ päivǖz  ('Dry the fish in the sun.'),  kahs se̮rme̮a tšämmälezä  ('Two fingers pressed into the palm.'),  sūr mato on лukkoza  ('The big snake is locked in.'),  se be̮ллu vēlä naiziza  ('He was not married yet.'),  kuллā voimaza  ('In the blaze of gold.'),  mād  ̮ on ke̮лme̮za nurme̮za  ('The whole land is devided between three fields.')
 * 5) location in an action (occupation)  - e.g.  лahze̮d   ̮ e̮livad obahkaza  ('Kids were picking mushrooms.'),   e̮limma kōminaza tappamaza  ('We were threshing in a barn.'),  kuza e̮лe̮t   ̮ tȫzä  ('Where are you working.')
 * 6) location with  jǟ-min  verb ("to remain somewhere")  - e.g.  mīл kīzaz   ̮ on jɛänü me̮nikkai paлoi   ('There have been some bits remained in my neck-sack.' Lempola dialect).
 * 7) More common is 'illative like in Finnish and Estonian. - e.g.  jäi kotō  ('It remained at home.').
 * Inessive has produced some  adverbs - e.g.  лukko-za ("locked" ),  naiziza  ("married"),  umaлaza  ("drunk")

Elative -sta

 * 1) time
 * 2) time of origin or a start - e.g.  tšǟppä on švēdā aigassa  ('The tumulus is from the Swedish era.'),  senessä päivässä  ('Since that day..').
 * 3) time which has passed by - e.g.  päivässä päivǟsē ōttē̮n poigaлta tširjā  ('Day after day I am waiting a letter from my son.')
 * 4)  relocation from (interior of) something  - e.g.  ve̮ta ve̮rkossa kaлaD  (" Take fish from the net. "),  saksaлain aje̮ttī med́d́ē māssa vällǟ  (" The German (army) was expelled from our country. "),  tämä pake̮ni vällǟ mehessä   (" She fled away from her husband. " Mati dialect ),  nämä pake̮nivad   ̮ zvierīssä  (" They fled away from wild animals. " Lempola dialect)
 * 5)  origin or material  - e.g.  pata on tehtü savve̮ssa  ('The pot is made of clay.'),  лe̮ŋka on viллassa  ('The yarn is made of wool .')
 * 6)  through  - e.g.  tämä tuli uhze̮s̄    akkunnaллe̮  (" He came out to the garden from the door. "),  ampu püsüssä  (' He shot a gun.')
 * 7) break the  contact with  something  - e.g.  se̮rmuhsē̮ tšäjes̄   ve̮tan  ('I take a ring off from my hand.'),  šnurka katke̮zi kukšinassa  ('The string broke off from a mug .')
 * 8) something  grasped  - e.g.  i ve̮tti tütärt tšäes̄   tšīn  ('And he took a hand of his daughter.' Lempola dialect),  jäi ännässä tšīni  (' It stucked by it's tail.' ),  koira puri лassa jaлgassa  (' A dog bit the leg of the child .')
 * 9)  the whole  which is divided - e.g.  ühsi nōrissa  (" one of youngsters "),  tämä e̮li aivō mūdra te̮isīs̄    vellīs̄  (' He was the rather smart one among the other brothers.'),  naiz-eлokois̄   on kotona m a ŕ o  (' There are no women at home but Mary.')
 * 10)  topic  - e.g.  tämä paja̮ttī med́d́ē tšülǟ pe̮лossa  (" She spoke about the burning of our village. ")
 * 11)  something payed  - e.g.  ante̮ rubĺà deŋgoit pillissä  (" She gave a rouble for that musical instrument. "),  sain tȫssä üvǟ paлkā  (" I got a good salary for my work. ")

Illative -sen

 * 1) time of occurrence - e.g.  vanā aikā elimmä pazgassi  ('Old times we were living bad.'),  se e̮li ēlmuinā  ('It happened times ago.'),  koлxozā aikā  ('At the time of the Soviet collective farm ...'),  päivässä päivǟsē ōttē̮n poigaлta tširjā  ('Day after day I am waiting a letter from my son..')
 * 2)  into (relocation to another position) - e.g.  pane̮   leipä värttsīsē  (" Put the bread into the bag. "),  pojod   ̮ menivät   ̮ te̮isē̮    tšülǟsē  (" Boys went to another village. "),  lehmät   ̮ tulivad   ̮ mettsǟsē  (" Cows came to the forest. "),  vare̮z   ̮ lentī puhē̮  (" A crow flew to the tree. "),  tämä meni e̮ike̮   ̨  ā tšätēsē  (" She went to the right. "),  soлdatti meni kāppī  (" The soldier went near to the cupboard. ")
 * 3) visiting a certain place frequently - e.g.  tämä tšäüsi lidnā  (" She used to go in the city. ") vs.  tämä tšäüsi lidnaza  (" She went to the city once. ")
 * 4) getting into contact with something - e.g.  lein varpā tšivēsē  (" I hit my toe to a rock. "),  ratkazin nagлāsē̮   se̮rmē̮  (" I hit my finger to a nail. "),  pane̮    šlǟppi pähē  (" Put your hat on. "),  issū ope̮ze̮лē̮   seltšǟ  (" Sit on the horseback. ")
 * 5) getting into an action (occupation)  - e.g.  naizikod   ̮ meniväd mettsǟ marjāsē̮  ('Women went into the forest to pick berries.'),   karjušši trubitti i meni karjā  ('The shepherd blew his horn and went to guard the cattle.'),  kuhē̮    menet   ̮ töhē ?  ('Where will you go to work?'),  mentī tšäümǟsē  ('They went to wooing.'),  vaлmissua se̮tāsē̮  ( ' to prepare for a war '),  umalikkād   ̮ mehed   ̮ evät   ̮ ke̮лpā töhē  ( ' Drunk men are not suitable for a work. ')
 * 6) getting into influence of something - e.g.  mȫ jäimmä pimi  ̨  ǟsē  ('We were caught by darkness.'),  tšenēsē on poika ?  ('Whom does the boy look (behave) like?')

Dialectal alternatives

 * Votic of Ingria
 * Eastern Votic dialect
 * A single consonant may be geminated in front of a long vowel in some dialects.
 *  tar̆rē̮sē̮G  ('sauna' singular illative Itšäpäivä dialect ).
 * The illative  suffix has an additional  lative k.
 *  -sēG, -sē̮G   etc. e.g. mettsǟsēG ('into a forest'),  pīmǟsēG   (' into milk ')

 * Western
 * Hill dialect:
 * Kattila dialect
 * An emphatic   illative  suffix may be added to  allative.
 *  -lēsē, -лē̮sē̮   e.g. emä-lēsē  ('to the mother'), siллa-лē̮sē̮  ('onto the floor')
 * The final long vowel (of the emphatic   illative  suffix) may be shortened.
 *  -se, -se̮   e.g.  tšätese  ('into the hand'),  lidnāse̮  ('into the city')

 * Valley dialect:
 * A single consonant may be geminated in front of a long vowel in some dialects.
 *  eл̆лōsē̮  ('life' singular illative Mati dialect )

 * Vaipooli
 * A single consonant may be geminated in front of a long vowel in some dialects.
 *  tšättē ~ tšättè  ('hand' singular illative Jõgõperä dialect )

 * Jõgõperä dialect
 * The final long vowel (of the illative  suffix) has not the full length any more.
 *  -sè, -sè̮̮   etc. e.g. ma-hà ('into the ground'),  kattiл-à  (' into a kettle '),  eлò-sè̮   (' into the life ')
 * The vowel of the inessive  suffix may be  -e, -e̮ .
 *  -ze, -ze̮   e.g. tšülä-ze ('in a village'), jaлge̮-ze̮  ('in feet')
 * The vowel of the elative  suffix may be  -e, -e̮ .
 *  -sse, -sse̮   e.g.  kāpi-sse̮  ('from a cupboard'),  silmī-sse  ('from eyes')

title: Votian/Internal Locative Cases


text:
User:Wmatheny

Weston Matheny is a current college student majoring in website design and project management.

title: User:Wmatheny


text:
User:Mrathel

Mrathel is an editor who can't spell, has ADHD, and loves poetry, literature, and fly fishing. He is willing to help those who are newer than he and desperately needs the help of more-experienced editors. He loves long arguments on talk pages, long discussions on Wikipedia policy policy, and short walks on the beach. He does dislike personal attacks, but only when they lack humor.

=Authors of Interest=

 * Penjing and bonsai
 * Skeet, sporting clays
 * fly fishing
 * labrador retrievers
 * Stouts, Blonde Ales, and Porters

title: User:Mrathel


title: File:Dc987-rd-006.png


title: User:Dc987/res-mt-q-xx.c


title: User:Dc987/res-mt-q-neg-xx.c


text:
User talk:GlassFish

 Hello GlassFish, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

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 Woof! My name is Jack Russell. I am a dog and a Wikiversity mascot. I am pretty new around Wikiversity. Perhaps we can learn together! Tail wag...

title: User talk:GlassFish