text:
EuroLex/E/Globe-trotter

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: globe-trotter/globetrotter 'a person travelling widely'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.

Information on Other Languages

 * Icelandic: not existent, instead: heimshornaflakkari.
 * Romanian: globe-trotter [= Engl. pron.], mid20c(?), restricted use.
 * Russian: globtrotter, 1990s, restricted to journalese.
 * Greek: not existent, instead: translation kosmoghyristis/-ismenos.

,

title: EuroLex/E/Globe-trotter


text:
EuroLex/E/Grapefruit

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a large round yellow citrus fruit'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; **CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of European Anglicisms by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: grapefruit [krei:pfruht/-fru:t], mid20c / grape/greip [krei:p], 1970s; meaning: 'a large round yellow citrus fruit'; status of grapefruit: known mainly to bilinguals, archaic; status of grape/greip: not (or no longer) recognized as English, developing into creation greipávöxtur, greipaldin; Romanian: grapefruit/grepfrut/grep/gref ['grepfrut/grep/gref], mid20c; meaning: 'a large round yellow citrus fruit'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English (developing into unmarked); Russian: greĭpfrut, mid20c, meaning: 'a large round yellow citrus fruit'; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: greĭfrut, greĭfurt, greĭfrukt, mid20c, meaning: 'a large round yellow citrus fruit'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, more frequent than greĭpfrut; Albanian: greipfrutë [grejpfrutë], 20c, meaning: 'a large round yellow citrus fruit'; status: restricted to colloquial use; Greek: greipfrut, beg20c, meaning: 'a large round yellow citrus fruit'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English

,

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: EuroLex/E/Grapefruit


text:
EuroLex/E/Gremlin

 * Original language: English (maybe from Irish gruaimin 'bad-tempered little fellow')
 * Original form and meaning: 1) 'an imaginary creature responsible for mechanical faults', 2) 'a figure from a movie of the same name', 3) 'a small toy-figure'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: gremlin [= Engl. pron.], 1980s, meaning 2 and 3, restricted to youth language, obsolete; Russian: grimli, 1990s; meaning 2, restricted to youth and colloquial language; Greek: gremlins, end20c; meaning 2 and 3, but restricted to colloquial and modish use

,

title: EuroLex/E/Gremlin


text:
EuroLex/E/T-shirt

T-shirt

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 'a short-sleeved casual top'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.
 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: T-shirt < (T-)bolur [= English], end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Romanian: T-shirt < tricou [= English], end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; Russian: status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; tishotka, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: youth; Bulgarian: tishurt(m), 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; tishurtka < teniska(f), meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (modern); Albanian: tishert, 1980s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: youth; Greek: T-shirt/tisert, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/T-shirt


text:
EuroLex/E/TV

TV

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: abbrev./cp. 'television'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: TV < sjónvarp [= English], end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English (slang); Romanian: TV(R) < televiziune [te ve (re)], 1960s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word comes from other source than English; Russian: teve, 1980s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: colloquial; Bulgarian: tv/TV [te ve/ti vi], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (journalese/colloquial); Albanian: TV, 1960s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: tv/ti vi, 1980s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: journalese, colloquial;

,

title: EuroLex/E/TV


text:
EuroLex/E/Tackling

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'an act of tackling in football etc.'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: takling/tœkling [tha(i)kliŋk], mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical = tœklun, töklun; Romanian: "tackling, tackle" [= English], 1970s, status: restricted use: technical; Greek: "taklin"beg20c, status: restricted use: technical

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tackling


text:
EuroLex/E/Take-off

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'the act of becoming airborne (of an aeroplane or rocket)'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: "take-off" [= English], mid/end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, flugtak; Romanian: decolare; Belgian: teikof, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical

,

title: EuroLex/E/Take-off


text:
EuroLex/E/Take-over

take-over

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'the assumption of control of a business'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: rendered "preluare"

,

title: EuroLex/E/Take-over


text:
EuroLex/E/Talk show

talk show

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a chat show on TV'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: "talk show" [= English], meaning: the same as in English, "rabbÞáttur"; Romanian: "talk show" [= English], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: journalese; Russian: "tokshou" [= English], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: journalese; Bulgarian: "tokshou" [= English], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: journalese; Greek: "tok sou" [= English], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: journalese, modern;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Talk show


text:
EuroLex/E/Tandem

tandem

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1 'a bicycle or tricycle with two or more seats one behind another', 2 'a group of two persons or machines etc. with one behind or following the other', 3 'a carriage driven tandem', 4 'a duo, two people/partners'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tandem [tandem], end19c, via French, meaning: 1, 2 + 4, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: tandem, beg20c, meaning: 1 +4, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Bulgarian: tandem, beg20c: 1, the same as in English, status: restricted use: archaic; mid20c: 4, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Albanian: tandem, 20c, 1 + 3, status: restricted use: regional;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tandem


text:
EuroLex/E/Tank 1

tank1

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1 'a large receptacle or storage chamber usual for liquid or gas', 1a 'such a receptacle for petrol'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tankur [thauŋkyr], beg/mid20c, via Danish, meaning: same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English, = creat geymir; Romanian: tanc [tank], mid20c, via French/German, meaning: same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical) < rezervor; Russian: tank, end 19c, meaning: same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Albanian: tank, the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical) < rezervuar;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tank 1


text:
EuroLex/E/Tank 2

tank2

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 2 'a heavy armoured fighting vehicle carrying guns and and moving on a tracked carriage; 6 'platform shoes' (Belgian only)

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: < 2: skriðdreki; Romanian: tanc [tank], mid20c, via French/German, meaning: 2, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: tank, beg20c, meaning: 2, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: tank, beg20c, meaning: 2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; mid20c, meaning: 6, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Albanian: tank, beg20c, meaning: 2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Greek: tank(s), beg20c, meaning: 2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tank 2


text:
EuroLex/E/Tank 3

tank3

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1 'fill the tank (of a vehicle etc.) with fuel', 2 'drink heavily, become drunk'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tanca [tanka], 20c, via German?, meaning: 1, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (rare);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tank 3


text:
EuroLex/E/Tanker

tanker

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a ship, aircraft, or road vehicle for carrying liquids, esp. mineral oils, in bulk'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tanker < tankskip/-bill; Romanian: tanker < tanc petrolier; Russian: tanker, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: tanker, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Albanian: tanker, mid20c, meaining: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Greek: tanker, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tanker


text:
EuroLex/E/Tape

tape

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 3 ' a strip of opaque or transparent paper or plastic etc. coated with adhesive for fastening, sticking, etc.', 4a 'a long narrow flexible material with magnetic properties used for recording sound or pictures or data', 4b 'a length, reel, or cassette of this'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tape [= English], < 3: limband; 4a, b: (segul)band, mid20c, meaning: 3, status: restricted use: colloquial; 4a, b, status: restricted use: technical; Romanian: tape < banda; Greek: the same as in English, status: restricted use: written;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tape


text:
EuroLex/E/Tartan 1

tartan1

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1 'a pattern of coloured stripes crossing at right angles, esp. the distinctive plaid worn by scottish Highlanders to denote their clan', 2 'woollen cloth in this pattern'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tartan [tartan],via French, mid19c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical); Russian: tartan, beg 20c, meaning: 2, status: known, but foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; Bulgarian: tartan, 20c, meaning: 2, status: known, but foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; Albanian: tarton, beg20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: regional;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tartan 1


text:
EuroLex/E/Tartan 2

tartan2

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 3 'the elastic surface of an athletic racecourse'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tartan [tartan], via French, mid19c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical); Russian: tartan, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: tartan, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: tartan, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tartan 2


text:
EuroLex/E/Tattoo

tattoo

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'an indelible design marked on the skin by puncturing it and inserting pigment'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tattoo [th ahtu], end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: slang, < tattóvering, tattúering, húðflúr; Romanian: tatuaj, 20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: tattoo < tatuirovka, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: tattoo < tatuirovka; Albanian: tattoo < tatuazh, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English: Greek: tattoo < tatuaz;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tattoo


text:
EuroLex/E/Tax-free

tax-free

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'exempt from being taxed'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tax-free [= English], end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English < tollfrjáls; Romanian: tattoo, meaning: the same as in English, status: known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Russian: tattoo, meaning: the same as in English, status: known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Greek: tax-free [= English], 20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: written;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tax-free


text:
Template:Bcpm/zurs/3

March

This template makes a link to the March key for Zurich (Switzerland), and adds plant pages to Category:BCP/ZURS/3 and Category:BCP/Flora of Switzerland, (it automatically adds ), for plants that have been recorded as flowering in March in Zurich.

This template should only be used in the "New region 8 = " field of Bloom clock plant middle

title: Template:Bcpm/zurs/3


text:
EuroLex/E/Tax-free shop

tax-free shop

 * Original language: English (not an English word, but an Anglicism nevertheless)
 * Original form and meaning: 'a duty-free shop'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tax-free shop, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Russian: tax-free shop, meaning: the same as in English, status: known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Bulgarian: frishop, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tax-free shop


text:
EuroLex/E/Taylor system

taylorism / Taylor system

 * Original language: English (not an English word, but an Anglicism nevertheless)
 * Original form and meaning: 'a system of scientific management and work efficiency, propounded by F.W. Taylor (US engineer, 1856-1915)'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic:  taylorism / Taylor system < Taylorsstefna; Romanian: tailorisml-ay- [teiloism/tail-], mid20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Russian: téilorizm/te-, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: teilurizum, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Albanian: teilorizem, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: systema teilor, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: word comes from other source than English, restricted use: technical;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Taylor system


text:
EuroLex/E/Taylorism

taylorism / Taylor system

 * Original language: English (not an English word, but an Anglicism nevertheless)
 * Original form and meaning: 'a system of scientific management and work efficiency, propounded by F.W. Taylor (US engineer, 1856-1915)'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic:  taylorism / Taylor system < Taylorsstefna; Romanian: tailorisml-ay- [teiloism/tail-], mid20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Russian: téilorizm/te-, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: teilurizum, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Albanian: teilorizem, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: systema teilor, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: word comes from other source than English, restricted use: technical;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Taylorism


text:
EuroLex/E/Teach-in

teach-in

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'an informal lecture and discussion on a subject of public interest'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Russian: tich-in, 1970s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: obsolete;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Teach-in


text:
EuroLex/E/Teak

teak

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'the hard durable timber of the deciduous teak tree'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tekk [tεhk], beg20c, via Danish, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Romanian: tec / teck [tek], mid20c, via french, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical); Russian: tik, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Bulgarian: tik, beg20c, via Russian, meaning: the same as in English, status: known, but foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts (technical); Greek: tik, 20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Teak


text:
EuroLex/E/Team

team

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1 'a set of players forming one side in a game’, 2 ‘people working together'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: team [= English], end20c, meaning: 1, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; 2, status: restricted use: slang; < 1: lið, 2: teymi; Romanian: team [= English], mid20c, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: technical, rare; end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: modern, journalese; < echipa; Russian: team, meaning: the same as in English, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Bulgarian: tim, beg20c, meaning: 1, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; 2, status: restricted use: modern; < 1: otbor, 2: ekip; Albanian: tim, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: regional; ; Greek: tim, end20c, meaning: 1, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; 2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (modern, journalese);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Team


text:
EuroLex/E/Teamwork

teamwork

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'the combined action of a team, group, etc., esp. when effective and efficient'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: teamwork < hópvinna, rendered teymisvinna;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Teamwork


text:
EuroLex/E/Techno

techno

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a style of popular music making extensive use of electronic instruments and sythesized sound'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: techno [= English], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, youth; Romanian: techno [tehno], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, modern; Russian: tekhno, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, modern; Bulgarian: tekhno, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Albanian: tekno, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, modern; Greek: tekno, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, modern, youth;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Techno


text:
EuroLex/E/Teddy bear

teddy bear

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a soft toy bear'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: teddýbjörn, 20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: rare, obsolete; word comes from other source than English < bangsi; Romanian: teddy bear [tediber], mid20c, via German, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: obsolete; Russian: teddy bear, meaning: the same as in English, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Teddy bear


text:
EuroLex/E/Teddy boy

Teddy boy

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a youth, esp. of the 1950s, affecting an Edwardian style of dress and manner, usually a long jacket and drainpipe trousers'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Russian: Teddy boy, meaning: the same as in English, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Bulgarian: tedi-bois, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: youth, rare; Greek: tedybois / -boissa, 1950s, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (obsolete);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Teddy boy


text:
EuroLex/E/Teen

teen

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a youth aged 13 to 19'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Russian: teen, meaning: the same as in English, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Greek: teens, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: modern;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Teen


text:
EuroLex/E/Teenager

teenager

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a person (esp. a girl) from 13 to 19 years of age'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: teenager < táningur; Romanian: teenager, meaning: the same as in English, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Russian: tineidzher / tinéidzer, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, journalese, modern; Bulgarian: tiineidzhur, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Greek: tineitzer, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: modern, journalese;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Teenager


text:
EuroLex/E/Teflon

Teflon

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'non-stick coating'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandi: teflon [= English], 1960s, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Romanian: teflon [teflon], 1960s; Russian: teflon, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Bulgarian: teflon, 1970s, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Greek: teflon, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: word comes from other source than English: French;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Teflon


text:
EuroLex/E/Telebanking

telebanking

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a banking system whereby computerized transactions are effected by telephone'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Russian: telebanking, meaning: the same as in English, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Greek: telebanking, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, modern;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Telebanking


text:
EuroLex/E/Teleshopping

teleshopping

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'advertising by television, ordering by telephone'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic:  teleshopping < sjónvarpsverslun; Romanian: teleshopping [= English], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: modern; Russian: teleshopping, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, modern; Bulgarian: teleshop, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (modern);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Teleshopping


text:
EuroLex/E/Telex

telex

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1 'an international system of telegraphy with printed messages transmitted and received by teleprinters', 2 'a document transmitted by telex'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: telex [= English], 1970s, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Romanian: telex [= English], 1960s via French, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: teleks, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Bulgarian: teleks, 1970s, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Albanian: teleks, 1970s, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: telex, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Telex


text:
EuroLex/E/Tender

tender

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 2 'a vessel attending a larger one to supply stores, convey passengers, orders, etc.', 3 'a special truck closely coupled to a steam locomotive to carry fuel, water, etc.'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tender [tender], beg20c, via French / German, meaning: 3, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical); Russian: tender, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: tender, beg20c, meaning: 3, status: restricted use: technical; Albanian: tender, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tender


text:
EuroLex/E/Tennis

tennis

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a game in which two or four players strike a ball with rackets over a net stretched across a court'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tennis [thεn:is], end9c, via Danish, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Romanian: tenis [= English], beg20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: tenis, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: tenis, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Albanian: tenis, end19c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: tenis, end19c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tennis


text:
EuroLex/E/Terminal

terminal

between a user and a computer'
 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 2 'a terminus for trains etc.', 2a 'aterminus for (un)loading', 2b 'a terminus for buses going to/from an airport', 3 'a departure and arrival building for air passengers, 5 'an apparatus for transmission of messages

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: terminal [= English]/thεrmina(t)l], mid/end20c, meaning: 2b, 3, status: restricted use; 5,, status: restricted use: technical < creat útstöð; Romanian: terminal [terminal], 1970s, via French, meaning: 2, 2a, 3, 5, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical); Russian: terminal, mid20c, meaning: 2a, 5, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: terminal, mid20c: meaning: 3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; end20c: meaning: 5, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Albanian: terminal, end20c, meaninG: 3, 5, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: terminal, end20c, meaning: 5, status: restricted use: technical = trsl. termatiko;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Terminal


text:
EuroLex/E/Terrier

terrier

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a small dog of various breeds originally used for turning out foxes etc. from their earths'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: terrier [= English], 20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Romanian: terier [terjer], end19c, meaning: the same as in English, status: word comes from other source than English: French; Russian: ter'er, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: terier, beg20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Greek: terie, 20c, via French, the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Terrier


text:
EuroLex/E/Terylene

Terylene

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'synthethic polyester used as a textile fibre'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: terelín/terelyn(e)/terylene [thε:relin], 1960s, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Romanian: terilena/terilen [terilenə/terilen], 1950s, via French, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Russian: terilen, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Bulgarian: terilen, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, obsolete; Greek: terylini, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Terylene


text:
EuroLex/E/Test 1

test

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1 'a trial of a person's or thing's qualities', 3 'a minor examination, esp. in school', 3a 'a multiple-choice test'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: test < próf [= English], 1970s, meaning: 1, 3, status: restricted use: colloquial; Romanian: test [= English], 1960s, via French, meaning: 1,3,3a, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: test, beg20c, meaning: 3,3a, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Bulgarian: test, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Albanian: test, 1960s, meaning: 1,3, status: restricted use: regional; Greek: test, beg20c, meaning: 1,3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Test 1


text:
EuroLex/E/Test 2

test2

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1 'make trial of', 5 'find out attitudes by investigation, a poll etc.'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: testa < prófa, 1970s, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: colloquial; Romanian: testa [testa], mid20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: testirovat, 20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Bulgarian: testuvam/testvam, 20c, meaning: 1, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Albanian: testeroj, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: testaro, mid/end20c, meaning: 1, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (colloquial)

,

title: EuroLex/E/Test 2


text:
EuroLex/E/Tester

tester

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1 'a person or thing that tests'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tester [tester], 20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical); Russian: tester, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: tester, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tester


text:
EuroLex/E/Text marker

text marker

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a felt pen in a fluorescent colour, used to mark certain passages in a written text'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: -

,

title: EuroLex/E/Text marker


text:
EuroLex/E/Thriller

thriller

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1 'a sensational story, film, etc.', +2 'an exciting event'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: Þriller = tryllir [θril:er], 1970s, meaning: 1, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (colloquial); Romanian: thriller [srilər/triler], 1970s, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: journalese, modern; Russian: triller, end20c, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: journalese, modern; Bulgarian: trlur, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (modern); Greek: thriler, meaning: the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Thriller


text:
EuroLex/E/Tie-break

tie-break

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 'a means of deciding a winner from competitors who have tied (tennis, volleyball)'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tie-break [= English], 20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical; Russian: tai-breik, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: taibrek, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical; Greek: tie-break [= English], end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tie-break


text:
EuroLex/E/Time-out

time-out

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: phr. 1 'a brief intermission in a game', 2 '(=time-off) time for recreation'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: time-out [= English], mid/end20c, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: technical; Romanian: taim-aut/time-out [= English], 1970s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical, rare; Russian: taim-aut, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Bulgarian: taim-aut, mid20c, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: technical; Greek: taim-aut, 1980s, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: technical; 2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Time-out


text:
EuroLex/E/Time-sharing

time-sharing

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'the operation of a computer system by several users for different operations at one time', 2 'the use of a holiday home at agreed times by several joint owners'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Russian: taimsher, 1990s, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: modern, journalese; Greek: time-sharing [= English], 1990s, meaning 1, status: restricted use: technical, dhiamerismos khronu (rend); meaning 2, status: restricted use: modern;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Time-sharing


text:
EuroLex/E/Timer

timer

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a person or device that measures or records time taken', 2 'an automatic mechanism for activating a device etc. at a pre-set time', +3 'a diary'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: timer [= English], end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical; Russian: taimer, end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: taimer, end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use > fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Timer


text:
EuroLex/E/Timing

timing

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'the way an action or process is timed', +3 'the right time'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: timing [th aimiŋ(k)], end20c, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: colloquial; Romanian: timing [= English], end20c, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: technical, journalese; Russian: taiming, 1995, meaning: +3, status: restricted use: journalese; Bulgarian: taiming, end20c, meaning: +3, status: restricted use: technical (Sport); Greek: taiming, 1990s, meaning: +3, status: restricted use: colloquial;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Timing


text:
EuroLex/E/Timothy grass

timothy grass

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 'fodder grass'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: timóte(i)gras, end19c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: archaic + word comes from other source than English; Romanian: timoftica/timofta/simoftical timofti, 19c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical; Russian: timothy grass < timofeevka (trsl);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Timothy grass


text:
EuroLex/E/Tip-top

tip-top

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: adj./n. 'highest excellence: the very best'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tipptopp, uninfluenced, end19c, via Danish, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (colloquial); Romanian: tip-top, uninfluenced, beg20c, via German, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: tip-top, uninfluenced, mid20c, via German, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: colloquial; Bulgarian: tip-top, uninfluenced, mid20c, via German, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (colloquial);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tip-top


text:
EuroLex/E/Toast 1

toast1

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'bread in slices browned on both sides by radiant heat'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

,
 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: < ristað braunð; Romanian: toast [tost], end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use; Russian: tost, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Bulgarian: tost, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; Albanian: tost, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use; Greek: tost, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

title: EuroLex/E/Toast 1


text:
EuroLex/E/Toast 2

toast2

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 2b 'a salute, or a call to drink or an instance of drinking in honour of someone'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: toast [toast], beg19c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: tost, mid19c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: tost > nazdravitsa, beg20c, via Russian, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Toast 2


text:
EuroLex/E/Toaster

toaster

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 'an electrical device for making toast'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: = prajitor de paine, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Russian: toster, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical, modern; Bulgarian: toster, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Greek: tostiera, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Toaster


text:
EuroLex/E/Toboggan

toboggan

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a long light narrow sledge', +2 'a flyover, a chute'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tobogan [tobogan], mid20c, via French, meaning: +2, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: toboggan, mid20c, meaning: 1, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Bulgarian: tobogan, mid20c, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: technical; Greek: tobogan, 20c, meaning: 1, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts / restricted use: technical;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Toboggan


text:
EuroLex/E/Toddy

toddy

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a drink of spirits with hot water and sugar or spices', 2 'the sap of some kinds of palm, fermented to produce arrack', +3 'cold grog without sugar'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: toddý [th ot:i], mid19c, via Danish, meaning: 1, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Toddy


text:
EuroLex/E/Toffee

toffee

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n./cp 1 'a kind of firm and hard sweet softening when sucked or chewed, made by boiling sugar, butter etc.'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: toffi < karamella [= English], mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Russian: toffi, ininfluenced, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: tofi/toffee, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Toffee


text:
EuroLex/E/Tom-tom

tom-tom

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 2 'a tall drum beaten with the hands and used in jazz bands etc.'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tom-tom [= English], end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical; Romanian: the same as in English, see above, status: word comes from other source than English: French; Russian: tamtam, end20c, the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical / word comes from other source than English: French; Bulgarian: tamtam, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word comes from other source than English: French; Greek: tamtam, 20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word comes from other source than English: French;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tom-tom


text:
EuroLex/E/Tomahawk

tomahawk

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a North American Indian axe with a stone or iron head, esp. one used as a weapon'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tómahok < striðsöxi, mid20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; Romanian [toməhok], 20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical / known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; Russian: tomagavk, end19c, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; Bulgarian: tomakhavka, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; Greek: tomakhok, 20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tomahawk


text:
EuroLex/E/Tommy

Tommy

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a nickname for a British private soldier', +2 'any Briton'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Russian: Tommi, uninfluenced, beg20c, meaning: 1, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; Bulgarian: tomi, mid20c, meaning: 1, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tommy


text:
EuroLex/E/Toner

toner

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a chemical bath for toning a photographic print', 2 'a powder used in xerographic copying processes'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: toner [= English], end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical; Romanian: toner [tonər], 1970s, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical; Russian: toner, end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: toner, end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical; Greek: toner = melani se skoni, end20c, meaning: 2, status: restricted use: technical;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Toner


text:
EuroLex/E/Tonic

tonic

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. +1a 'an invigorating cosmetic fluid', 2 'anything serving to invigorate', 3 'tonic water'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: tónik [th ou:nik], mid20c, meaning: +1a (rend 'andlitsvatn'), status: restricted use; 3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Romanian: tonic < apa tonica (3) [tonik], 1970s, via French, meaning: +1a, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: tonik, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (modern); Bulgarian: tonik, 1970s, meaning: 2,3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Albanian: tonik, meaning: +1a,3, status: restricted use: youth; Greek: tonik, end20c, meaning: 3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tonic


text:
EuroLex/E/Top 1

top1

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 2a 'the highest rank or place', 4a 'a (sleeveless) blouse, jumper', +14 'the charts' (music)

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: toppur, meaning: 2a, status: word comes from other source than English; end20c: 4a, status: (nearly) identical to indigenous form in receptor language, form of semantic loan (modern); 1960s: 14, status: (nearly) identical to indigenous form in receptor language, form of semantic loan; Romanian: top [= English], 1970s, meaning: 2a,+14, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (journalese, modern); Russian: top, end20c, meaning: 4a, status: restricted use: modern; Albanian: top, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; Greek: top, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (colloquial);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Top 1


text:
EuroLex/E/Top 2

top2

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: adj./cp 2 'highest in degree or importance'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: topp-, mid/end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (colloquial); Romanian: top [= English], 1980s, status: restricted use: journalese; Russian: top, 1990s, status: restricted use: journalese; Bulgarian: top, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (journalese); Albanian: top, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; Greek: top, end20c, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (colloquial);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Top 2


text:
EuroLex/E/Top secret

top secret

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: adj. 'of the highest secrecy'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: top secret [= English], uninfluenced, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Romanian: top secret [topsekret], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: journalese; Russian: status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Bulgarian: < svrukh sekretno (trsl.); Albanian: top sekret, 1970s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: youth; Greek: status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Top secret


text:
EuroLex/E/Top ten

top ten

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. '1 'the first ten records in the charts', +2 'the ten best players in the world' (tennis)

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: topp tíu, uninfluenced, 1960s, meaning: 1, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English + word comes from other source than English; Romanian: status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Russian: top ten, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical, journalese; Bulgarian: top ten < top deset (trsl.), end20c, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: journalese; Albanian: topten, 1992, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: youth; Greek: top ten, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical, youth;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Top ten


text:
EuroLex/E/Topless 1

topless

 * Original language: English (not an English word, but an Anglicism nevertheless)
 * Original form and meaning: n. +2a 'a bathing costume without top'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: toples(s) [= English], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: journalese, modern; Russian: toples < kupal'nyi kostyum bez verkha (creat.), end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; Bulgarian: < monokini; Greek: toples, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: journalese, modern;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Topless 1


text:
EuroLex/E/Topless 2

topless

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: adj. 2b 'bare-breasted'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: topplaus, 1970s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: (nearly) identical to indigenous form in receptor language, form of semantic loan; Romanian: toples/-less [= English], uninfluenced, 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: journalese, modern; Russian: meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Bulgarian: toples, uninfluenced, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: journalese, modern; Greek: toples = ghymnostithi (creat.), uninfluenced, 1960s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Topless 2


text:
EuroLex/E/Topmodel

topmodel

 * Original language: English (not an English word, but an Anglicism nevertheless)
 * Original form and meaning: n. 'a female model for fashion shows etc.'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: toppmódel, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Romanian: topmodel [topmodel], 1990s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; Russian: topmodel, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: topmodel, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (modern); Albanian: topmodel, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: modern; Greek: topmodel, 1980s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (modern);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Topmodel


text:
EuroLex/E/Topspin

topspin

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 'a fast forward spinning motion imparted to a ball in (table) tennis by hitting it upward and forward'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: topspin [= English], end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical; Romanian: topspin/topsin [tops(p)in], 1960s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical; Russian: status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English; Bulgarian: topspin, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Topspin


text:
EuroLex/E/Tory

Tory

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 2 'a member of the Conservative Party'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: Tory [= English], beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use; Russian: tori, uninfluenced, mid19c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; Bulgarian: tori, end19c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; Greek: status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tory


text:
EuroLex/E/Touch

touch

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 4a 'a musician's manner of playing keys or strings', 4c 'an artist's or writer's style of workmanship, writing, etc.', 5a 'a distinguishing quality or trait, style, a characteristic feature', 5b 'a special skill or proficiency', 10 'the part of the field outside the side limits' (football)

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: touch [= English], 1970s, meaning: 4a,4c,5b, status: restricted use: slang; Romanian: < tusa, status: word comes from other source than English: French; Bulgarian: tuch, beg20c, meaning: 10, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); Greek: tats, end20c, meaning: 5a, status: restricted use: modern, journalese, colloquial;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Touch


text:
EuroLex/E/Tourism

tourism

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 'the organization and operation of (esp. foreign) holidays, esp. as a commercial enterprise'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: turism, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word comes from other source than English; Bulgarian: turizum, end19c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Albanian: turizem, end19c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: turismos, 20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word comes from other source than English: French;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tourism


text:
EuroLex/E/Tourist

tourist

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a person making a visit or a tour as a holiday; a traveller, esp. abroad'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: túristi < ferðamaður [thu:risti], end19c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word comes from other source than English: French; Romanian: turist, -a [turist, -ə], mid19c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: turist, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: turist, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Albanian: turist, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: turistas (m) / turistria (f), 20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tourist


text:
EuroLex/E/Tracer

tracer

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 3 'an artificially produced radioactive isotope capable of being followed through the body by the radiation it produces'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: < trasor; Russian: status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tracer


text:
EuroLex/E/Trade mark

trade mark

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a device, word, or words, secured by legal registration or established by use as representing a company, product, etc.', 2 'a distinctive characteristic etc., a typical feature, a hallmark'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: < 1: vörumerki; Romanian: trade mark < marca comerciala [= English], 20c, meaning: 1, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: < zapazena marka (rend.); Greek: trade mark [= English], 20c, meaning: 1, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English (technical);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Trade mark


text:
EuroLex/E/Trailer

trailer

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1a 'the rear section of an articulated lorry', 1c 'a platform for transporting a boat etc.', 1d 'a caravan', +1e 'a single-axe carrier for horses, etc.', 2 'a series of brief extracts from a film used to advertise it in advance'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: trailer < 1d: hjólhýsi (creat.) [= English], 1970s, meaning: 1d, status: restricted use: colloquial; 2, status: restricted use: technical; Romanian: traila/treiler [trailə(r)/treiler], 1970s, meaning: 1a,1c,2, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical); Russian: treiler, end20c, meaning: 1c, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Greek: treiler, 1990s, meaning: 1c, status: restricted use: technical; 2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (modern, journalese);

,

title: EuroLex/E/Trailer


text:
EuroLex/E/Train

train

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: v. 2 (trans., intrans.) 'teach / undergo physical exercise'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: < antrena; Russian: trenirovat; Bulgarian: treniram, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Train


text:
EuroLex/E/Trainer

trainer

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. +2a 'a person who trains sportsmen'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: trainer < antrenor [= English], 1970s, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English / restricted use: rare; Russian: trener, mid19c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: trenyor, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Albanian: trainer, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Trainer


text:
EuroLex/E/Training

training

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'the act or process of teaching or learning a skill, discipline, etc.', 2 'the state of being physically fit as a result of undergoing physical training', +3 'a track suit'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: trening [trening], mid20c, meaning: +3, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: trening [trenink], end20c, meaning: 1, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Bulgarian: trening, end20c: meaning: 1, status: restricted use: technical (psychology), modern; mid20c: 2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Albanian: trening, beg20c, meaning: 1,2, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Training


text:
EuroLex/E/Tram

tram

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'an electrically powered passenger vehicle running on rails laid in a public road'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: < tramvai; Russian: metrotram, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical/modern; Greek: tram, 19c/beg20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tram


text:
EuroLex/E/Tramp

tramp

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1 'an itinerant vagrant or beggar', 6 'an ocean tramp, a merchant ship, esp. a steamer, running on no regular line or route'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tramp [tramp], 1950s, meaning: 6, status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: tramp, mid20c, meaning: 6, status: restricted use: technical; Albanian: < tramper;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tramp


text:
EuroLex/E/Tramway

tramway

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1b 'a tramcar system', +1c 'a tramcar'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: tramvai, end19c, via French, meaning: 1b, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: tramvai, beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Bulgarian: tramvai, beg20c, via Russian, meaning: +1c, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Albanian: tramvaj, beg20c, via Russian, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: tramvai, 19c/beg20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: obsolete;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Tramway


text:
EuroLex/E/Trance

trance

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: n. 1b 'a hypnotic or cataleptic state', 2 'such a state as entered into by a medium', 3 'a state of extreme exaltation or rapture; ecstasy'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: trans [thrans], beg20c, meaning: 2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical); 3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (colloquial); Romanian: transa [transə], beg20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: word comes from other source than English: French; Russian: trans, beg20c, meaning: 1b, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Bulgarian: trans, beg20c, meaning: 1b,2, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; Albanian: trans, 20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Greek: trans, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English;

,

title: EuroLex/E/Trance