text:
Art History/Reflections/Alison and Alek

Alison--November 1: I have picked the two images that I'm responsible for the powerpoint. I got information about the two images from the internet. I feel a lot more prepared, to explain why these images fit the theme of places of worship and prayer. We still need to find more images, and I think we need to find another source besides Artstor. Don't get me wrong, I like Artstor but I feel like we've "worn it out", and gotten everything out of it that we could. It has also become difficult to find images of places of worship that aren't photographs.

Alison--November 8: I became nervous when the due date was announced and it was november 30. I think that will be enough time to find the images, but not enough time to find information for each of those images. I think that we need to find more images with other sources than Artstor. I think we've gotten everything out of it we could. When we looked in the books, we found really good images that fit our theme well. We still need to find more images so we can narrow down. I think that its going to be really difficult to find the thread.

Alek- November 15- I've been absent alot lately, I was sick last week, and I was at the orthodontist both Tuesday and Wednesday, so I've missed a bit of work, and when Alison told me that the due date was November 30 I was very nervous. And then when she told me that we had to have a paragraph of information about each picture, I got really really nervous. Especially with fifteen images, I feel like that will take lots of work. We have about 17 images, some that we are unsure about, that we feel comfortable and are able to research adequately. We have enough information and research on a couple of them already, from the "check-in point" with those 5 images. We are currently in the process of searching for a few more really good peices of art, and we are also narrowing down and choosing which peices we can research and find information on. We are getting closer and closer to the due date, and we are getting more comfortable with what we have and feel that we can finish in the time alotted.

Alek-November 26- I'm really really stressed out about this project. I wasn't able to work on it over the Thanksgiving break due to the fact that my relatives were in town, and prior to thanksgiving break, I had to catch up in all my classess after missing 1 and a half weeks of school. Westminster is normally very stressful and i always have lots of homework, and it's even more stressful with this project and due date looming over me. I don't know if we'll be able to finish in time, and if we do it will take lots of late nights and hours of work on top of homework i already have to do. It's the end of class on November 26th, and I feel a bit better, but not much, about the way things are going. I've done about four out of eight paragraphs, all of which need some revising, and i still have to format all of the pages. I'm confident with all of our images, and i like all of them, i'm just worried about the amount of work that still needs to be done. this is a very difficult task, especially that it has to be finished by friday, and i have plenty of other work i need to do, especially because many of my teachers have recommended that i already begin to prepare for my exams.

Alison-- November 26- I'm still really stressed about this project and as teh due date gets closer and closer it becomes clearer to me how much I need to do. I wish we had more time but I understand how that is not possible. I think the due dates for the project in the beggining needed to be sricter. I think people thought they weren't really there and that they were more like estimates on when it should be completed. Also when Ms. Davis went to Japan I felt like we were put in slow motion becuase our pace slowed down.

Alek- December 9- our project is completed, all the final revisions are done, it looks beautiful. I am soo incredibly happy to see that all this extremely hard and long work has finally paid off. I really and truly cannot wait to see the final, finished product. The only thing that worries me is the podcasts. Frankly, i dont really understand why we're doing a podcast, it seems really interesting and fun, but i think it will be really difficult for a few reasons. One, are we going to transport the podcasts onto an audio cd so that you can put it into a cd player and read along? Or how will you be able to listen to the podcast or let others listen? Also, mr bishop said we would need to have the podcasts done by tuesday, and im not sure if i can come in extra help on monday since it is exam review week and i need to go to some extra help for other classes to prepare for the exam, and i have a basketball game on tuesday i'm pretty sure, so i wouldnt be able to attend extra help then either i dont think. now that im not stressed anymore about the actual pages, the podcasts are stressing me out.

title: Art History/Reflections/Alison and Alek


text: Category:Endocrinology

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Category:Endocrinology


text:
Portal:Brythonic Celtic Languages Division

{|cellspacing="5" cellpadding="10" style="width:99%;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;background-color:inherit"
 * style="border:1px solid #999999;-moz-border-radius:8px;background-color:#FFF7F8;height:60px" colspan="2"|

 * style="border:1px solid #999999;-moz-border-radius:8px;background-color:#FFF7F8"|
 * style="border:1px solid #999999;-moz-border-radius:8px;background-color:#FFF7F8"|

History
Cornish, Welsh and Breton are known as the Brythonic languages because they all share the same language ancestor, the ancient Brythonic language. This language was spoken in Britain during the time of the Celts, but was pushed westwards by the invading Anglo-Saxons. Eventually, the speakers of Brythonic were pushed so far westward that they were split into two groups, one into Wales and the other into the Westcountry, and their language eventually also split into what became Welsh and Cornish. Later, as Cornish was pushed further and further south west, some of the Celts crossed the Channel to what is now Brittany, and took their language with them. That language later developed into Breton.

The Brythonic languages are closely related to the other branch of Celtic languages still found today, the Goidelic languages of Irish Gaelic (Gaeilge), Manx Gaelic (Gaelg) and Scots Gaelic (Gàidhlig).

Join us
To show your interest in the Cornish, Welsh or Breton languages, sign up at the streams found below. This is to see the numbers of people learning, in which we, the instructors, can work out our priorities. For example, if you learn Welsh, but don’t sign up at the stream, and we decide there are not enough people worth carrying on the lessons, you will miss out. So it's to help us prioritise. So, if you’re learning, sign up at the stream.

Learning techniques
I have made a page called Learning Techniques which contains a technique for learning the languages in the courses in this division. Anyone, feel free to add your own suggestions to the page. Its all for the benefit of the students.

Brythonic Staff
Here is the List of Staff members in the Brythonic Celtic Languages Division '''PLEASE DO NOT MAKE LESSONS OR NEW PAGES WITHOUT READING THIS. ONLY ADMINS CAN MAKE NEW COURSE PAGES ONLY TEACHERS CAN MAKE LESSONS. IF YOU WISH TO BECOME ONE OF THESE PLEASE READ THE INSTRUCTIONS ON THAT PAGE. THIS IS TO CONTROL THE CREATION OF LESSONS WHEN OTHERS ARE PLANNED AND THE ENSURENCE THAT THE LESSONS YOU ARE TAUGHT ARE IN THE PROPER LANGUAGE.'''

{|width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4"
 * width="33%" valign="top"|
 * width="33%" valign="top"|

The departments

 * Topic:Breton / Brezhoneg
 * Topic:Cornish / Kernowek
 * Topic:Welsh / Cymraeg

 * width="33%" valign="top"|

Streams

 * Breton stream / Deskiñ brezhoneg
 * Cornish stream / Fros Kernowek
 * Welsh stream / Ffrwd Gymraeg

 * width="33%" valign="top" rowspan="2"|

Colours

 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }
 * }

Department Tasks

 * Each Language is represented by a colour of font. Please use Text when writing in different languages. Thanks.
 * Get all Text Translated into their language.
 * Make the departments that havent been made yet.

Department News

 * 15th November 2007 - Breton Department Founded
 * 8th November 2007 - Welsh Department Founded
 * 2nd November 2007 - Cornish Department Founded
 * 2nd November 2007 - Brythonic Languages Division Founded
 * }


text:
User talk:Sandeep sinha

Welcome
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title: User talk:Sandeep sinha


text:
User talk:Alicat~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Alicat, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Alicat. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Alicat~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Alicat~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:AndreaSanchezRamirez~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello AndreaSanchezRamirez, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called AndreaSanchezRamirez. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name AndreaSanchezRamirez~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:02, 19 April 2015 (UTC)


text:
User talk:Hazelnuts84

Welcome
Hello Hazelnuts84, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Hazelnuts84


text:
User talk:Evertype

Welcome
Hello Evertype, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Evertype


text:
User talk:Tusharparmar

Welcome
Hello Tusharparmar, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Tusharparmar


text:
User:Kokopelli63/My Sandbox

Leave a message for Kokpelli63

title: User:Kokopelli63/My Sandbox


text:
User talk:Hennypenny

Welcome
Hello Hennypenny, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 19:31, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hennypenny


text:
User:Augustus~enwikiversity

=About= Phd Student in Theoretical and Computational Astrophysics, specifically along the lines of Cosmology. Of great interest to me is the early Universe such as understanding the Big Bang and Inflation, and then how this leads to large scale structure.

I also have a keen interest in both Empiricist and Existentialist philosophy, exploring where the two meet is of great interest to me.

UK resident.

=Wikiversity Department= Physics and Astronomy

Astrophysics

=Cautionary note about Wikiversity= Wikiversity prides itself on being 'open' and 'free': anyone can edit it. This is both helpful and problematic. Helpful because it allows many people to contribute at once hence lessening the load on a particular individual. Problem because it allows people whom are not educated enough to edit the information, which is a bigger problem for empirical sciences (eg Physics). Small mistakes in the mathetmatics of a problem can lead to a false interpretation of the underlying physics. Hence, checking for errors and eliminating them is crucial for students to make progress with their learning.

Forming a consensus on what information is necessary and then how to display said information is also a problem for people that are geographically separated. Hence I believe that this project will be very slow to get off the ground as people disagree and over-edit each other. Something that can be avoided with real universities; however, real universities are inherently bureaucratic. Wikiversity should hopefully avoid most pitfalls of bureaucracy since it is far more free-form.

Cautionary note about Physics on Wikiversity
A Physics course at university level requires a lot of reading and doing in order to understand it. At undergraduate level, most of the information is 'spoon-fed'. This is (generally) not the fault of the university but is due to the nature of modern Physics requiring vast amounts of very specialized knowledge. A typical year in undergraduate physics may consist of between 8 and 10 lecture courses, each of which being around 20 hours worth of teaching. A typical undergraduate student can expect to receive in excess of 250 hours worth of teaching in one year. In addition to the previous there might be homework, tutorials, labs and research projects (in later years). Hence, it is a mammoth task to organize a physics department in the first place without even creating lecture material. Furthermore, aiming for 20 hours worth of material in a lecture is not sufficient. It must be 20 hours of high quality information. I'm sceptical but optimistic.

title: User:Augustus~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Augustus~enwikiversity

=Leave comments for Augustus= I'm new to Wikiversity. Great. Let's get on with the show. Augustus 22:57, 10 December 2007 (UTC)

Welcome
Hello Augustus, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --mikeu 12:04, 12 November 2007 (UTC)

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 20:41, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

astronomy and astrophysics
hello, I've been creating some astronomy pages here, mostly under the title Observational astronomy. Feel free to contact me if you'd like to coordinate between Topic:Astronomy and Topic:Astrophysics.--mikeu 14:42, 12 December 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Augustus. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Augustus~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:29, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:03, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Augustus~enwikiversity


text:
Portal talk:Astrophysics

This page looks like. No idea why the Luminosity is sitting by itself on the Astro front page.

I find the Wikiversity naming to be slightly ambiguous. Physical Sciences is the Faculty, Physics and Astronomy is the department meaning that Astrophysics is not a department but a sub-department or group (IMO, £0.02).

Astronomy vs Astrophysics Furthermore, there ought to be some unison between the supposed deparments of Astronomy and Astrophysics. There is great overlap but I believe the two things are slightly different. Astronomy relates to making observations and categorizing objects, Astrophysics is about understanding the objects (the physics that govens said objects). So perhaps it makes sense to merge Astronomy and Astrophysics on the same page but note the division between the two via their associated topics. --Augustus 20:48, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

I realise this may be a contentious point but until there is a definitive unison of both departments I'll continue to work on Astrophysics as if though it is a separate entity. --Augustus 23:53, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Additional requirements for an astrophysics degree (yet to be placed within dept): Also highly recommended is familiarity with computer programming (at least once programming language). In the case of understanding exosolar planets then it will also help to have an understanding of Geology and Chemistry.

=Housekeeping= This shouldn't be on the front page (it should be part of a relevant course page):

The Luminosity of a star is calculated using its surface temperature and radius.
 * $$L = 4\pi R^2\sigma T^4 \,$$
 * σ (Stefan-Boltzmann constant) 5.67 W·m-2·K-4

 * 5.67

 * Please feel free to take it off, and put the rational in the summary. Be bold. : ) --Remi 22:30, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I'm still a bit new to Wikipedia and how to edit it, so forgive any formatting or ettiquette mistakes. Feel free to point me in the right direction if it looks like I'm going astray. --Augustus 23:38, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Looks good so far. : ) I wish we new better how to make people feel welcomed and empowered. Subpages of your userpage are a good way to experiment. For example: User:Augustus/This is a subpage. --Remi 23:42, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Orbital Mechanics
This could be studied from a Newtonian perspective but is likely to come in a early year undergraduate maths course. As for a full GR treatment, we might as well put that into the GR course. Hence, I don't advocate having a separate topic. Augustus 01:06, 31 January 2008 (UTC)

Von Zeipel theorem
The external link to this theorem is useful but not something I'd link from the front page. The front page of the department should be linking to our courses plus -general- reference pages. The VZT link (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Zeipel_theorem) is quite specific and would be a worthwhile addition to one of our (in progress) course pages. Augustus 20:06, 19 November 2008 (UTC)

Department news

 * April 20, 2007 - Department founded!
 * November 2, 2007 - Department page heavily updated!
 * December 10, 2007 - Curriculum added to front page. Copied below.

Putting this here for posterity. Might become useful later if we have many more updates and wish to inform users of updates. --Augustus 23:51, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Notes for Curriculum
From what I can see on the Astronomy page, someone has gone for overkill breaking down large topics into many many small ones. This seems unnecessary. Deciding how to display the relevant information is a two fold problem: first identify which topics are necessary, then decide how to split up the information for each level (university year).

eg Electromagnetism is a necessary topic but there is no point starting with QED or the manifestly covariant form of Maxwell's equations etc. Secondly, it would be more appropriate to have Electromagnetism somewhere else in the School of Physics and for the Astro department to link to it. I suggest creating a curriculum based on 'necessary' broad areas of interest which can later be subsided into the appropriate levels. I'll do so by relying on my own experiences/knowledge. As there is much overlap between the topics I realise that this invites contention about where to put the information.

My undergrad was something like this (an Mphys degree with Astrophysics honours):
 * 1st year: Physics / Maths / Astrophysics. Covering them quite generally and at a basic level.
 * 2nd year: Physics / Maths / other electives. More detail.
 * 3rd year: Quantum Mechanics, Statistical Mechanics, Dynamics and Relativity, Electromagnetism, Thermodynamics, (introductory/intermediate) Nuclear and Particle Physics, Physics of Stars and Nebulae, Galaxies Quasars and the Universe, a programming class, an applicable maths class.
 * 4th/5th year: Quantum Physics, Statistical Physics, Relativistic Electromagnetism, Lagrangian Dynamics, General Relativity, Cosmology, Stellar Evolution, High Energy Astrophysics, Radiation and Matter (with application to Astrophysics), Astro Statistics, X-Ray Astronomy / Gamma-Ray Bursts and Exo-solar planets, plus some 'real' research work.

Optional advanced choices included: Quantum Theory, Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics, Hamiltonian Dynamics, QFT, Condensed Matter Physics, Solid State Physics, Lasers, Digital Image Analysis, Advanced Cosmology plus additional programming courses... the list goes on. Could be here for a while listing the possibilites. However, I hope this will help to focus our thoughts and give a working framework from which we can build upon.

Supplementary Topics (this is an idea): Linux, Shell Scripting, Programming, Computer architecture, Parallel/distributed programming (incl e-Science / Grid technologies), Telescope use, LaTeX

So what we need to do is create a more rigorous curriculum and then coordinate how to create that information in the Astro department. --Augustus 00:32, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Level 1

 * Level 1 Physics
 * Linear Algebra
 * Observational Astronomy

Level 2

 * Level 2 Physics
 * Vector Calculus
 * Stellar Evolution

Level 3

 * Statistical Mechanics
 * Quantum Mechanics II
 * Astronomical Statistics and measurements
 * Relativistic Electromagnetism
 * General Relativity
 * Cosmology
 * High Energy Astrophysics
 * Computational Astrophysics

(latest update) Augustus 00:00, 11 December 2007 (UTC)
 * Agreed on this one. --StalinUpstaged 08:38, 29 November 2009 (UTC)

papers...
http://www.astro.northwestern.edu/rasio/publications.html Emesee 22:19, 8 August 2008 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Astrophysics


text:
User talk:Drew~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Drew, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 21:19, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Drew. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Drew~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:31, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:06, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Drew~enwikiversity


text:
Physics and astronomy Wikibooks

Wikibooks

 * FHSST Physics
 * Physics Guide
 * Modern Physics
 * Calculus Physics
 * Physics With Transforms
 * Special Relativity
 * General Relativity
 * Classical Mechanics
 * GCSE Science
 * A-Level Physics
 * Basic Electricity
 * Acoustics
 * Energy and Power
 * Statistical Mechanics
 * Supersymmetry
 * This Quantum World
 * String Theory & M-Theory
 * Engineering Thermodynamics
 * Solid Mechanics
 * Astronomy
 * Astrophysics
 * Physics Exercises
 * Physics Study Guide
 * Physics Study Guide

title: Physics and astronomy Wikibooks


text:
User talk:Debaterx~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Debaterx, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --JWSchmidt 00:04, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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title: User talk:Debaterx~enwikiversity


text: File:Film Score-Fireworks Display-Red Spidery Things.ogg


text: File:Film Score-Fireworks Display-Star Spangled.ogg


text:
User:Kukla83

—Lina Pagoulatos Born in Queens,New York In 1983.

title: User:Kukla83


text:
User talk:Kukla83

Hello, I saw your edits about learning Greek. Did you see already: Greek stream, Topic:Greek and also the Category:Greek. BTW: do you know that there is an ongoing process to create a Greek Wikiversity ? More info e.g. here. How about you join the channel: #wikiversity-el I am also in #wikiversity-en available for help. More info below, Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 07:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Hello Lina, Erkan asked me to add a note here. There is usually someone around in your time zone in the irc channel #wikiversity-el, so you could come there to discuss things. (In english or greek, whichever you prefer.) 71.198.85.150 05:25, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Welcome
Hello Kukla83, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 07:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kukla83


text:
User:Cisterni

Wecome to the virtual office of Antonio Cisternino, my e-mail is cisterni@di.unipi.it.

I am Assistant Professor in the Computer Science Department of the University of Pisa. My primary research is on meta-programming and domain-specific languages on virtual-machine-based execution environments. I've been active in the .NET community since 2001, and recently developed annotated C#, an extension of C#, and Robotics4.NET, a framework for programming robots with .NET. I hold a Ph.D. in computer science from the University of Pisa.

Recently I co-authored a book on the F# programming language.

title: User:Cisterni


text:
User talk:Cisterni

Welcome
Hello Cisterni, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 10:33, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cisterni


text:
User interfaces

User interfaces are a significant area of computers and are multi-disciplinary in their nature because they represent the trait d'union between humans and machines. As computing becomes more and more pervasive this area grows and a broader range of people get involved and affected by it. UI design creates a massive impact on human to buy things rather then it's digital or not.

Main areas involved in User Interface are

 * Design
 * Programming
 * Usability

as pointed out by Alan Cooper in his brilliant The Inmates Are Running the Asylum: Why High-Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity, often the area of interface design and programming are incompatible, and we could also state the same for graphical design. Everyone of us has experienced beautiful unusable programs, or ergonomic and ugly programs, or too-many-features-packed-in-a-single-form programs.

title: User interfaces


text:
User:Alexa~enwikiversity

Hallo!
Ich bin Alexandra, 21 Jahre alt und studiere BA Soziologie in Eichstätt.

In diesem Semester mache ich den Kurs "Internet- und Projektkompetenz. Dabei geht es darum ein eigenes Projekt zu entwickeln und durchzuführen.

Hier unser Forum zum aktuellen Eichstätter IPK-Kurs:
 * Internet-und Projektkompetenz

Anja und ich haben uns für das Thema italienische Gastarbeiter entschieden.

Im Moment sind wir allerdings noch dabei erste Materialien zu diesem Thema zu sammeln.

Unser Projekt
In Zukunft werden wir diese Seite nutzen um unser Projekt genauer zu beschreiben.

Weblinks
de:Benutzer:Alexa

title: User:Alexa~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Alexa~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Alexa, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 12:31, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Alexa. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Alexa~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Alexa~enwikiversity


text:
Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/July/Maintenance

This page is used to track missing identification data for plants blooming in July in Southeastern Pennsylvania.

Leaf Arrangement
DynamicPageList tracking using:  category=BCP/SEPA/7 notcategory=BCP/Opposite leaves notcategory=BCP/Alternate leaves notcategory=BCP/Whorled leaves notcategory=BCP/Basal leaves only order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

The pages below do not have leaf arrangement defined:

 category=BCP/SEPA/7 notcategory=BCP/Opposite leaves notcategory=BCP/Alternate leaves notcategory=BCP/Whorled leaves notcategory=BCP/Basal leaves only order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

Leaf Complexity
DynamicPageList tracking using:  category=BCP/SEPA/7 notcategory=BCP/Simple leaves notcategory=BCP/Pinnately compound leaves notcategory=BCP/Palmately compound leaves notcategory=BCP/Trifoliate leaves order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

The pages below do not have leaf complexity defined.

 category=BCP/SEPA/7 notcategory=BCP/Simple leaves notcategory=BCP/Pinnately compound leaves notcategory=BCP/Palmately compound leaves notcategory=BCP/Trifoliate leaves order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

No image
 category=BCP/SEPA/7 category=BCP/No Image or Description order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

 category=BCP/SEPA/7 category=BCP/No Image or Description order=descending ordermethod=lastedit


text:
User:Dexter83

Hi

My nickname from to cartoon Dexter's laboratory - fantastic cartoon! My name's is Adrian Burcemicz, I was born 22.october 1983. My nicknumber from to my year of my brithday(83). I'm uneventful, I like chemistry and computers. I love cartoon Dexter's laboratory.

title: User:Dexter83


text:
User talk:Dexter83

Welcome
Hello Dexter83, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 13:05, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dexter83


text:
Introduction to Category Theory/Products are Limits

Cone over 2 objects
Let $$C_1, C_2$$ be any two objects in category $$\mathcal{C}$$. We define the cone category, $$\mathcal{C}one(C_1, C_2)$$, as follows p_1 = q_1 \circ f\\ p_2 = q_2 \circ f \end{cases} $$
 * Objects are 3-tuples $$(X,m_1,m_2)\;$$, where X is an object in $$\mathcal{C}$$, and $$m_1\;$$ is a morphism $$X \to C_1$$, and $$m_2\;$$ is a morphism $$X \to C_2$$.
 * Arrows are morphisms $$f: (X_p,p_1,p_2) \to (X_q,q_1,q_2)$$ such that both triangles commute, in other word $$f: X_p \to X_q$$ is a morphism in $$\mathcal{C}$$ such that
 * $$ \begin{cases}

We must check that this is really a category:
 * Identity morphism of object $$(X_p,p_1,p_2)$$ in $$\mathcal{C}one(C_1, C_2)$$ is the identity morphism $$1_{X_p}$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$.
 * Composition of $$f: (X_p,p_1,p_2) \to (X_q,q_1,q_2)$$ and $$g: (X_q,q_1,q_2) \to (X_r,r_1,r_2)$$ in $$\mathcal{C}one(C_1, C_2)$$ is the composition $$g \circ f$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$. Commutativity of bigger triangles follows trivially from commutativity of smaller triangles. (Write equations if you want.)
 * Composition is associative $$\mathcal{C}one(C_1, C_2)$$ since it's associative in $$\mathcal{C}$$.

Terminal object in Cone
What is the terminal object in the category $$\mathcal{C}one(C_1, C_2)$$?

By the definition of terminal object it must be an object $$(X_t,t_1,t_2)\;$$ such that In other words But this is exactly the universal property of the product $$C_1 \times C_2$$. We conclude By duality argument we also have
 * for every object $$(X_p,p_1,p_2)\;$$ in $$\mathcal{C}one(C_1, C_2)$$ there is exactly one morphism $$f:(X_p,p_1,p_2) \to (X_t,t_1,t_2)$$.
 * for every 3-tuple $$(X_p,p_1,p_2)\;$$ there is exactly one morphism $$f:X_p \to X_t$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$ such that $$p_1 = t_1 \circ f$$ and $$p_2 = t_2 \circ f$$.
 * The terminal object in category $$\mathcal{C}one(C_1, C_2)$$, if it exists, is the object $$(C_1 \times C_2, \pi_1, \pi_1)$$.
 * The initial object in category $$\mathcal{C}ocone(C_1, C_2)$$, if it exists, is the object $$(C_1 \coprod C_2, \iota_1, \iota_1)$$.

Functors
A category is, among other things, a kind of algebraic system, but so far we've left out one of the most important ingredients in algebra, homomorphisms, which are, essentially, mappings that 'preserve structure'. Functors are the structure-preserving mappings of category theory, although functors are more immediately complicated than homomorphisms. To begin with, they come in two flavors, covariant and contravariant, the former defined as follows:

Definition of Covariant Functors
A (covariant) functor F from category $$\mathcal{C}$$ to category $$\mathcal{D}$$ satisfies Contravariant functors are similar, but the direction of the arrows gets reversed, we'll discuss them later.
 * F sends objects of $$\mathcal{C}$$ to objects of $$\mathcal{D}$$.
 * F sends arrows of $$\mathcal{C}$$ to arrows of $$\mathcal{D}$$.
 * If m is an arrow from A to B in $$\mathcal{C}$$, then $$F(m)\,$$ is an arrow from $$F(A)\,$$ to $$F(B)\,$$ in $$\mathcal{D}$$.
 * F sends identity arrows to identity arrows: $$F(1_A) = 1_{F(A)}\;$$.
 * F preserves compositions: $$F(g \circ f) = F(g) \circ F(f)$$.

Monoid Functors
We've already seen that a monoid is a category with a single object. So suppose $$H\,$$ is a functor from the monoid $$\mathcal M$$ to the monoid $$\mathcal N$$. These monoids have a single object, which we can just call $$*\,$$, so $$H\,$$ will have to map $$\,*$$ in $$\mathcal M$$ onto $$*\,$$ in $$\mathcal N$$.

$$H\,$$ will also take arrows of $$\mathcal M$$ onto arrows of $$N$$, and the third condition (on sources and targets of arrows) will hold automatically.

So what about the last two? Well the first says that the identity arrows are preserved, the second that composition is. But these are exactly the conditions characterizing a monoid homomorphism! So for monoids (viewed as categories), functors are homomorphisms (as conventionally defined in abstract algebra books). This applies automatically to groups as well, which are just monoids where every arrow has an inverse.

Hom Functors
Let $$\mathcal C$$ be a locally small category, and pick some object $$A\,$$ of $$\mathcal C$$. Now, for any object $$B\,$$ of $$\mathcal C\,$$, we have the set $$\operatorname{Hom}(A,B)$$ of arrows with domain $$A\,$$ and codomain $$B\,$$ (a set, because $$\mathcal C$$ is locally small). So the mapping
 * $$B\mapsto\operatorname{Hom}(A,B)$$

looks like it might be the object part of a functor from $$\mathcal C$$ to $$\mathcal Set$$.

To get a functor, we need to do something with the arrows, specifically, an arrow $$f:B\to C$$ needs to become a function from $$\operatorname{Hom}(A,B)$$ to $$\operatorname{Hom}(A,C)$$. An evident way to produce such a function is to tack $$f\,$$ onto the end of the arrows in $$\operatorname{Hom}(A,B)$$:
 * $$g\in \operatorname{Hom}(A,B) \mapsto f\circ g\in\operatorname{Hom}(A,C)$$

It is then a straightforward exercise to show that the result, standardly notated $$\operatorname{Hom}(A,-)$$, is a functor. A useful notation is that $$\operatorname{Hom}(A,-)(f)$$ is often written $$\operatorname{Hom}(A,f)$$.

The fact that any locally small category produces Hom-functors means that any such category has substantial manifestations in $$\mathcal Set$$, some of the important ones expressed by the famous Yoneda lemma.

The Free Monoid Functor
A more complex example is the free monoid functor which takes any set onto the free monoid generated by that set. Suppose $$S\,$$ is an object of $$\mathcal Set$$. Then $$F(S)\,$$ is the monoid whose elements are strings of members of $$S$$, with concatenation as the binary operation, and the empty string serving as the identity (if you want to get very tedious, a string can be defined as a function whose domain is an initial segment of the natural numbers (e.g. $$1,2,\ldots n$$ for some $$n\,$$, the case where $$n=0\,$$ constituting the empty string), and whose codomain in $$S$$).

To make this a bit more concrete, if $$S=\{o, d, g\}\,$$, then the members of $$F(S)\,$$ are $$d, o, g, do, dog, god, ogg, \ldots $$ (infinitely many), plus an empty string often symbolized as $$\emptyset\,$$ or $$\Lambda\,$$. Intuitively, 'free' means that the only identities that hold in this monoid are the ones required by the associative and identity laws, so that for example $$dog\,$$ and $$god\,$$ are distinct (but in the free commutative monoid, they'd be the same, but different from $$dogg\,$$ and $$ddog\,$$). So that's the object part of this functor: it takes sets of elements (which may be finite in number) onto the sets of all strings on those elements (which will always be infinite in size, unless the set is empty). A superscripted Kleene star $$^*$$ is often used to represent the applying $$F\,$$ to a set, in fields such as mathematical linguistics, so that $$S^*\,$$ will be the set of strings made out of members of $$S\,$$.

Exercise: what does $$F(\emptyset)$$ look like?

Now to be a functor, $$F\,$$ also has to do something to arrows. An arrow $$f\,$$ of $$\mathcal Set$$ is just a function, say from $$S\,$$ to $$T\,$$, so what we do to compute the value $$F(f)$$ on $$F(S)\,$$ is replace each element of each string in $$F(S)\,$$ with its $$f\,$$-value. So if: then For people who want to be very fussy, $$F(f)\,$$ can be defined by induction over the length of strings.
 * $$f=\{d\mapsto m, o\mapsto u, g\mapsto\emptyset\}$$,
 * $$F(f)(dog)=mu\,$$

Exercise: proove that $$F\,$$ as defined above is really a functor.

This example will prove useful in defining the notion of 'adjunction', to come.

[SHOULD THE NEXT SECTION BE STUCK IN HERE AS ONE OF THE EXAMPLES? I'd rather keep multiple top levels, unless you add other top level sections.]

Binary Product Functor
This next example takes a fair amount of space to explain, but is perhaps easier than the free monoid functor. The basic point is that if a category $$\mathcal C$$ has designated products, we can then construct a functor from the pair-category $$(\mathcal C, \mathcal C)$$ to $$\mathcal C$$.

Product of Objects
For an object $$(A, B)\,$$ of $$(\mathcal C, \mathcal C)$$, define: (recall that 'has designated products means that there's some specific method for picking a particular product object for each pair $$(A, B)\,$$).
 * $$F(A, B) = A\times B$$

Well that wasn't too hard!

Product of Morphisms
But to make a functor, we need to do something with the morphisms of $$(\mathcal C, \mathcal C)$$, which are pairs of morphisms of $$\mathcal C$$. Specifically, if $$f:C\rightarrow C'$$ and $$g:D\rightarrow D'$$ are arrows of $$\mathcal C$$, then $$(f,g)\,$$ is an arrow from $$(C, D)\,$$ to $$(C',D')\,$$. Just thinking notationally, we'd expect to write the output of $$F\,$$ on this as $$f\times g$$, but then we need to construct something in $$\mathcal C$$ from $$f\,$$ and $$g\,$$ in such a way that $$F\,$$ so-defined is a functor. This takes a bit of work.

The first step is to observe that If $$A, B, X\,$$ are objects in category $$\mathcal{C}$$ where $$A\times B$$ exists, and $$f_1:X \to A$$ and $$f_2:X \to B$$ are any morphisms, then we have $$< f_1, f_2 > \;$$, the unique morphism $$X \to A \times B$$ satisfying the universal property for products. If g is any morphism $$X \to A \times B$$, then
 * $$<\pi_A \circ g, \pi_B \circ g> = g$$

by the universal property. [LINK TO DEDUCTION EXAMPLE, ???]

So now we move on to the defition. If $$A, B, X, Y\,$$ are objects in category $$\mathcal{C}$$ with designated prooducts, and $$f:X \to A$$ and $$g:Y \to B$$ are any morphisms, then the product of $$f\,$$ and $$g\,$$, denoted $$f \times g\;$$, is the morphism
 * $$: X \times Y \to A \times B$$.

This can be hard to remember at first, but eventually you get to be able to see that it basically is just the obvious thing to do its job.

This morphism commutes with the projection morphisms
 * $$\pi_A \circ (f \times g) = f \circ \pi_X$$
 * $$\pi_B \circ (f \times g) = g \circ \pi_Y$$

If we also have morphisms $$h:A \to C$$ and $$i:B \to D$$, then
 * $$\pi_C \circ (h \times i) \circ (f \times g) = h \circ \pi_A \circ (f \times g) = h \circ f \circ \pi_X$$
 * $$\pi_D \circ (h \times i) \circ (f \times g) = i \circ \pi_B \circ (f \times g) = i \circ g \circ \pi_Y$$

and we get
 * $$ (h \times i) \circ (f \times g) = < \pi_C \circ (h \times i) \circ (f \times g), \pi_D \circ (h \times i) \circ (f \times g) > $$
 * $$ = < h \circ f \circ \pi_X, i \circ g \circ \pi_Y > = (h \circ f) \times (i \circ g)$$.

(Lots of Exercises here!!)

Functoriality
For all this to define a functor, domains, codomains, associativity and identity elements must be preserved. So recall the definition of composition in a pair category:
 * $$ (f',g')\circ(f,g) = (f'\circ f,g'\circ g) $$

And identities:
 * $$1_{(A, B)} = (1_A, 1_B)\,$$

So we have our Proposition. If category $$\mathcal{C}$$ has all products, then mapping
 * $$F: \mathcal{C}^\mathbf{2} \to \mathcal{C}$$

defined by
 * $$(C_1, C_2) \mapsto (C_1 \times C_2)$$
 * $$(f_1,f_2) \mapsto (f_1 \times f_2)$$

is a functor.

Proof. $$\Box$$
 * If $$f:X \to A, g:Y \to B$$ are two morphisms, it is obvious that $$F((f,g)) = f \times g\;$$ is a morphism from $$F((X,Y))\;$$ to $$F((A,B))\;$$.
 * The identity morphism of $$(A,B)$$ is $$(1_A, 1_B)\;$$ and it's image $$1_A \times 1_B$$ is easily seen to be the identity morphism of $$A \times B$$.
 * $$F((g_1, g_2) \circ (f_1, f_2)) = F(g_1 \circ f_1, g_2 \circ f_2) = (g_1 \circ f_1) \times (g_2 \circ f_2) = (g_1 \times g_2) \circ (f_1 \times f_2) = F(g_1, g_2) \circ F(f_1, f_2)$$

Unary Product Functor
Given what we've just done, this example should be easy, perhaps even too easy to be worth bothering with, but it's important in the development of later topics such as Exponentials.

Unary Product on Object
Let $$\mathcal{C}$$ be a category with products and let A be any object in $$\mathcal{C}$$. We define a product functor
 * $$A \times -: \mathcal{C} \to \mathcal{C}$$

by setting
 * $$(A \times -)(B) = A \times B$$ for every object B in $$\mathcal{C}$$
 * $$(A \times -)(f) = 1_A \times f$$ for every morphism $$f:B \to C$$.

Let's verify this really is a functor.
 * For every morphism $$f: B \to C$$, the morphism $$1_A \times f$$ is a morphism from $$A \times B$$ to $$A \times C$$.
 * Image of the identity arrow $$1_B$$ is
 * $$1_A \times 1_B = < 1_A \circ \pi_1, 1_B \circ \pi_2 > = < \pi_1, \pi_2 > = < \pi_1 \circ 1_{A \times B}, \pi_2 \circ 1_{A \times B}> = 1_{A \times B}$$.
 * For every morphisms $$f: B \to C$$ and $$g: C \to D$$ we have
 * $$ (1_A \times g) \circ (1_A \times f) = (1_A \circ 1_A) \times (g \circ f) = 1_A \times (g \circ f) $$.

Unary Product on Arrow
Just like we define functor $$(A \times -)$$ for every object A, we can define similar mapping $$(f \times -)$$ for every morphism f. For reasons to be explained later we define this mapping as follows
 * $$(f \times -): \text{obj}(\mathcal{C}) \to \text{mor}(\mathcal{C})$$
 * $$ C \mapsto (f \times 1_C)$$

In other words the domain of this mapping is the objects of $$\mathcal{C}$$ and the codomain is the arrows of $$\mathcal{C}$$. The image of object C is a product of f and the identity morphism of C.

This mapping has the following commutativity property:

Proposition. Let $$f:A \to B$$ be a morphism in category $$\mathcal{C}$$. The mapping $$(f \times -)$$ commutes with respect to functors $$(A \times -)$$ and $$(B \times -)$$. To be more specific, for every morphisms $$g:C \to C'$$ the following equation holds
 * $$(f \times -)(C') \circ (A \times -)(g) = (B \times -)(g) \circ (f \times -)(C)$$.

Proof.
 * $$(f \times 1_{C'}) \circ (1_A \times g) = (f \circ 1_A) \times (1_{C'} \circ g) = f \times g$$
 * $$= (1_B \circ f) \times (g \circ 1_C) = (1_B \times g) \circ (f \times 1_C)

$$ $$\Box$$

We will later see that a mapping with this kind of commutativity property is a natural transformation from one functor to another.

Category of 2-Functors
Category $$\mathbf{2}$$ is a category with 2 objects (1 and 2) and no arrows other that the two identity arrows. We wish to define a category $$\mathcal{F}un(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})$$, whose objects are functors from the category $$\mathbf{2}$$ to category $$\mathcal{C}$$. In order to make this a category, we must answer the question: What is an arrow from one functor to another? Before we can answer this, we must have better understanding of functors in this category.

Objects
What is a functor F from the category $$\mathbf{2}$$ to arbitrary category $$\mathcal{C}$$?
 * Functor must map objects in $$\mathbf{2}$$ to objects in $$\mathcal{C}$$. So $$F(1) = C_1$$ and $$F(2) = C_2$$, for some objects $$C_1, C_2$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$.
 * Functor must map arrows in $$\mathbf{2}$$ to arrows in $$\mathcal{C}$$. The only arrows in $$\mathbf{2}$$ are the identity arrows. So we must have $$F(1_1) = 1_{C_1}$$ and $$F(1_2) = 1_{C_2}$$.
 * Only compositions of arrows in $$\mathbf{2}$$ are compositions of the identity arrow with itself. We easily verify $$F(1_1 \circ 1_1) = 1_{C_1} \circ 1_{C_1}$$ and $$F(1_2 \circ 1_2) = 1_{C_2} \circ 1_{C_2}$$.

Thus $$F = (C_1, C_2)\;$$ is a functor $$\mathbf{2} \to \mathcal{C}$$ that maps
 * object 1 to object $$C_1$$ and
 * object 2 to object $$C_2$$.

Arrows
Arrows between functors are called natural transformations. What could natural transformations in this functor category look like?

Let $$C_1, C_2, D_1, D_2\;$$ be objects in category $$\mathcal{C}$$. What could a natural transformation from functor $$(C_1, C_2)\;$$ to functor $$(D_1, D_2)\;$$ possibly be? Since all the functors consist of a pair of objects from $$\mathcal{C}$$, it seems reasonable to define natural transformations to be pairs of morphisms from $$\mathcal{C}$$. So for every morphisms $$f_1:C_1 \to D_1$$ and $$f_2:C_2 \to D_2$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$, we define a natural transformation $$(f_1, f_2)\;$$ from functor $$(C_1, C_2)\;$$ to functor $$(D_1, D_2)\;$$ to be a mapping
 * $$(f_1, f_2): \text{obj}(\mathbf{2}) \to \text{mor}(\mathcal{C})$$
 * $$1 \mapsto f_1,\; 2 \mapsto f_2$$.

We define composion of natural transformations pointwise, that is
 * $$(g_1, g_2) \circ (f_1, f_2) = (g_1 \circ f_1, g_2 \circ f_2).$$

Summary
Category $$\mathcal{F}un(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})$$ consists of
 * Functor $$(C_1, C_2):\mathbf{2} \to \mathcal{C}$$ for every pair of objects $$C_1, C_2$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$.
 * Natural transformation $$(f_1,f_2):(C_1,C_2) \to (D_1,D_2)$$, for every pair of morphisms $$f_1:C_1 \to D_1, f_2:C_2 \to D_2$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$.

It is obvious that this category is isomorphic to the pair category $$(\mathcal{C}, \mathcal{C}) = \mathcal{C}^\mathbf{2}$$.

Preview: Limit functor
We now introduce the limit notation but defer the actual definition to a later lesson.

Let $$\mathcal{C}$$ be a category with all products. The limit of functor $$F = (C_1, C_2)\;$$ in the category $$\mathcal{F}un(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})$$, is the terminal object in the category $$\mathcal{C}one(F) = \mathcal{C}one(C_1,C_2)$$.
 * $$\varprojlim_{\mathbf{2}} F = \varprojlim F = \varprojlim (C_1, C_2) = (C_1 \times C_2, \pi_1, \pi_2)$$.

Projection morphisms are usually clear from the context, so we can drop them and simple write
 * $$\varprojlim_{\mathbf{2}} F = \varprojlim (C_1, C_2) = C_1 \times C_2$$.

Proposition. If category $$\mathcal{C}$$ has all products, then mapping
 * $$\varprojlim: \mathcal{F}un(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C}) \to \mathcal{C}$$

defined by
 * $$(C_1, C_2) \mapsto (C_1 \times C_2)$$
 * $$(f_1,f_2) \mapsto (f_1 \times f_2)$$

is a functor.

Proof. Since $$\mathcal{F}un(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})$$ is isomorphic to $$\mathcal{C}^\mathbf{2}$$, this follows from earlier result.

OLD: Product is Limit
Category $$\mathbf{2}$$ is a category with 2 objects (1 and 2) and no arrows other that the two identity arrows.

What is a functor F from the category $$\mathbf{2}$$ to arbitrary category $$\mathcal{C}$$?
 * Functor must map objects in $$\mathbf{2}$$ to objects in $$\mathcal{C}$$. So $$F(1) = C_1$$ and $$F(2) = C_2$$, for some objects $$C_1, C_2$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$.
 * Functor must map arrows in $$\mathbf{2}$$ to arrows in $$\mathcal{C}$$. The only arrows in $$\mathbf{2}$$ are the identity arrows. So we must have $$F(1_1) = 1_{C_1}$$ and $$F(1_2) = 1_{C_2}$$.
 * Only compositions of arrows in $$\mathbf{2}$$ are compositions of the identity arrow with itself. We easily verify $$F(1_1 \circ 1_1) = 1_{C_1} \circ 1_{C_1}$$ and $$F(1_2 \circ 1_2) = 1_{C_2} \circ 1_{C_2}$$.

Thus $$F = (C_1, C_2)\;$$ is a functor $$\mathbf{2} \to \mathcal{C}$$ that maps
 * object 1 to object $$C_1$$ and
 * object 2 to object $$C_2$$.

We now introduce the limit notation but defer the actual definition to a later lesson.

The limit of functor $$F = (C_1, C_2)\;$$, if it exists, is the terminal object in the category $$\mathcal{C}one(F) = \mathcal{C}one(C_1,C_2)$$.
 * $$\varprojlim_{\mathbf{2}} F = \varprojlim F = \varprojlim (C_1, C_2) = (C_1 \times C_2, \pi_1, \pi_2)$$.

Projection morphisms are usually trivial from the context, so we can drop them and simple write
 * $$\varprojlim_{\mathbf{2}} F = \varprojlim (C_1, C_2) = C_1 \times C_2$$.

The colimit of functor $$F = (C_1, C_2)\;$$, if it exists, is the initial object in the category $$\mathcal{C}ocone(F) = \mathcal{C}ocone(C_1,C_2)$$.
 * $$\varinjlim_{\mathbf{2}} F = \varinjlim F = \varinjlim (C_1, C_2) = C_1 \coprod C_2$$.

OLD: Product of Morphisms
If A, B, and X are objects in category $$\mathcal{C}$$ and $$f_1:X \to A$$ and $$f_2:X \to B$$ are any morphisms, we use notation $$< f_1, f_2 > \;$$ for the unique morphism $$X \to A \times B$$ given by the universal property. If g is any morphism $$X \to A \times B$$, then
 * $$<\pi_A \circ g, \pi_B \circ g> = g$$

by the universal property.

If A, B, X and Y are objects in category $$\mathcal{C}$$ and $$f:X \to A$$ and $$g:Y \to B$$ are any morphisms, then the product of f and g, denoted $$f \times g\;$$, is the morphism
 * $$: X \times Y \to A \times B$$.

This morphism commutes with the projection morphisms
 * $$\pi_A \circ (f \times g) = f \circ \pi_X$$
 * $$\pi_B \circ (f \times g) = g \circ \pi_Y$$

If we also have morphisms $$h:A \to C$$ and $$i:B \to D$$, then
 * $$\pi_C \circ (h \times i) \circ (f \times g) = h \circ \pi_A \circ (f \times g) = h \circ f \circ \pi_X$$
 * $$\pi_D \circ (h \times i) \circ (f \times g) = i \circ \pi_B \circ (f \times g) = i \circ g \circ \pi_Y$$

and we get
 * $$ (h \times i) \circ (f \times g) = < \pi_C \circ (h \times i) \circ (f \times g), \pi_D \circ (h \times i) \circ (f \times g) > $$
 * $$ = < h \circ f \circ \pi_X, i \circ g \circ \pi_Y > = (h \circ f) \times (i \circ g)$$.

OLD: Product Functor
Let $$\mathcal{C}$$ be a category with products and let A be any object in $$\mathcal{C}$$. We define a product functor
 * $$A \times -: \mathcal{C} \to \mathcal{C}$$

by setting
 * $$(A \times -)(B) = A \times B$$ for every object B in $$\mathcal{C}$$
 * $$(A \times -)(f) = 1_A \times f$$ for every morphism $$f:B \to C$$.

Let's verify this really is a functor.
 * For every morphism $$f: B \to C$$, the morphism $$1_A \times f$$ is a morphism from $$A \times B$$ to $$A \times C$$.
 * Image of the identity arrow $$1_B$$ is
 * $$1_A \times 1_B = < 1_A \circ \pi_1, 1_B \circ \pi_2 > = < \pi_1, \pi_2 > = < \pi_1 \circ 1_{A \times B}, \pi_2 \circ 1_{A \times B}> = 1_{A \times B}$$.
 * For every morphisms $$f: B \to C$$ and $$g: C \to D$$ we have
 * $$ (1_A \times g) \circ (1_A \times f) = (1_A \circ 1_A) \times (g \circ f) = 1_A \times (g \circ f) $$.

Proposition. Functor $$(A \times -)\;$$ is natural in A. This means that if $$f:A \to B$$ is any morphism, then there is natural transformation from functor $$(A \times -)\;$$ to functor $$(B \times -)\;$$. This in turn simply means that the diagram on the right commutes for all morphisms $$g:C \to C'$$. Mapping $$(f \times -)\;$$ is a natural transformation from functor $$(A \times -)\;$$ to functor $$(B \times -)\;$$.

Proof.
 * $$(f \times 1_{C'}) \circ (1_A \times g) = (f \circ 1_A) \times (1_{C'} \circ g) = f \times g$$
 * $$= (1_B \circ f) \times (g \circ 1_C) = (1_B \times g) \circ (f \times 1_C)$$ $$\Box$$

OLD: Natural Transformation
If F and G are covariant functors between the categories $$\mathcal{C}$$ and $$\mathcal{D}$$, then a natural transformation $$\eta$$ from F to G associates to every object X in $$\mathcal{C}$$ a morphism $$\eta_X: F(X) \to G(X)$$ in $$\mathcal{D}$$ called the component of $$\eta$$ at X, such that for every morphism $$f: X \to Y$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$ we have $$\eta_Y \circ F(f) = G(f) \circ \eta_X$$. This equation can conveniently be expressed by the commutative diagram

Natural transformations are usually far more natural than the definition above.

OLD: Category of Functors
We wish to define a category $$\mathcal{F}un(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})$$, whose objects are functors from the category $$\mathbf{2}$$ to category $$\mathcal{C}$$. What could the arrows in this category be?

Let $$C_1, C_2, D_1, D_2$$ be objects in category $$\mathcal{C}$$. What is a natural transformation from functor $$(C_1, C_2)\;$$ to functor $$(D_1, D_2)\;$$? To every object in category $$\mathbf{2}$$ we must associate a morphism in category $$\mathcal{C}$$ in such a way that for every morphism in $$\mathbf{2}$$ the corresponding diagram in $$\mathcal{C}$$ commutes. But there are no morphisms other than the identity morphisms in category $$\mathbf{2}$$, so the diagram commutes trivially. For every pair of morphisms $$f_1:C_1 \to D_1$$ and $$f_2:C_2 \to D_2$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$, there is a natural transformation $$(f_1, f_2)\;$$ from functor $$(C_1, C_2)\;$$ to functor $$(D_1, D_2)\;$$.

Category $$\mathcal{F}un(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})$$ consists of
 * Functor $$(C_1, C_2):\mathbf{2} \to \mathcal{C}$$ for every pair of objects $$C_1, C_2$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$.
 * Natural transformation $$(f_1,f_2):(C_1,C_2) \to (D_1,D_2)$$, for every pair of morphisms $$f_1:C_1 \to D_1, f_2:C_2 \to D_2$$ in $$\mathcal{C}$$.

It's trivial to verify that it really is a category. (What is the identity morphism of functor $$(C_1, C_2)$$? Why is the composition of natural transformations a natural transformation? Why is composition associative?)

OLD: Limit is Functor
We still won't give the general definition of limit, sorry. Instead we will prove that in the special case of category $$\mathbf{2}$$, the limit is a functor from category $$\mathcal{F}un(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})$$ to category $$\mathcal{C}$$.

Proposition. If category $$\mathcal{C}$$ has all products, then mapping
 * $$\varprojlim: \mathcal{F}un(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C}) \to \mathcal{C}$$

defined by
 * $$(C_1, C_2) \mapsto (C_1 \times C_2)$$
 * $$(f_1,f_2) \mapsto (f_1 \times f_2)$$

is a functor.

Proof.

$$\Box$$

OLD: Hmmm
We end this lesson with two cryptic formulas...
 * $$\text{hom}_{Fun(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})}(\Delta(C),(A,B))$$
 * $$ \cong \text{hom}_{Fun(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})}((C,C), (A,B))$$
 * $$ \cong \text{hom}_\mathcal{C}(C,A) \times \text{hom}_\mathcal{C}(C,B)$$
 * $$ \cong \text{hom}_\mathcal{C}(C, A \times B)$$
 * $$ \cong \text{hom}_\mathcal{C}(C, \varprojlim_\mathbf{2}(A,B))$$

and
 * $$ \text{hom}_{Fun(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})}((A,B),\Delta(C))$$
 * $$ \cong \text{hom}_{Fun(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})}((A,B),(C,C))$$
 * $$ \cong \text{hom}_\mathcal{C}(A,C) \times \text{hom}_\mathcal{C}(B,C)$$
 * $$ \cong \text{hom}_\mathcal{C}(A \coprod B, C)$$
 * $$ \cong \text{hom}_\mathcal{C}(\varinjlim_\mathbf{2}(A,B),C)$$

where
 * $$\Delta: \mathcal{C} \to \mathcal{F}un(\mathbf{2},\mathcal{C})$$

is defined by
 * $$C \mapsto (C,C)$$.

(This is an example of adjoints.)

Related resources

 * Functor
 * Natural transformation
 * Limit (category theory)
 * Adjoint functors


text:
Talk:Waves in composites and metamaterials/Rainbows

that is a neat lesson! --Remi 14:52, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

82.152.114.41 22:53, 3 July 2012 (UTC) The photo of the balloon is not a glory, but is an example of Heiligenschein.

New Pictures Needed
I think some of the old pictures on this course were removed or somehow 'lost,' I think if anyone can take some of the same pictures, that would be great!--Ivangiesen (discuss • contribs) 01:18, 28 June 2020 (UTC)


text:
Topic talk:Condensed matter physics

I see Condensed Matter as a very important topic area, and at the highest level for everyday/macroscopic heirachy physics. I've taken away a lot of the superfluous departments from the School of Physics frontpage, many of which should find a new home here under Condensed matter: eg Atomic, Chemical, Macromolecular, Plasma, Polymer, Solid State. Additionally, it is tempting to place Biophysics and Optics/Lasers in here too but I am straying away from doing so for now. I think Fluid Dynamics should be in here too. --Augustus 16:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Category sub-division
Might it be prudent to categorize this as "Physics departments" instead or in addition to some of the current categories? Emesee 05:12, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Topic talk:Condensed matter physics


text:
Portal talk:General relativity

I'm not sure why there is a Category for General Relativity, seems unnecessary however it has more information than this General Relativity topic. Perhaps the two can be reconciled. --Augustus 18:10, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

possible stub for rescuing
This page General Relativity/Tensors/Tensors Differential Forms and Variational Principles seems to have been a copyright violation and there's not much of it left. If someone wants to rescue it, please go ahead. Boud 12:57, 21 June 2011

advanced, specialised lectures
There seem to be several GR articles or lectures - start from Category:General relativity and follow the links: Are these lectures or articles? Presumably they should be linked in here in an "advanced" section, not just linked to indirectly through the category structure. Boud 13:07, 21 June 2011 (UTC)
 * Gravitational induction
 * Nonstandard physics/Gravitomagnetism
 * Maxwell-like gravitational equations
 * Selfconsistent gravitational constants

material removed from page
The following is not in the right place on a help:topics page. Here it is in case someone wants to rescue it. Boud 13:39, 23 June 2011 (UTC)

archive begins Currently we have started with "Tensors, Differential Forms and Variational Principles" by David Lovelock and Hanno Rund, which came highly recommended by my good friend Mark Friesel. The link below will go over the problems from each chapter. This particular page will discuss the relevance of tensors to General Relativity. archive ends

title: Portal talk:General relativity


text:
Portal talk:Brythonic Celtic Languages Division

All that survives of Cumbric are three legal words. Hardly sufficient to start a revival!

Dewnansek aka West Country Brittonic is in effect a conlang devised by a Welshman, Joseph Biddulph from Middle Breton and Unified Cornish textbooks. There are no surviving texts from the period when Brittonic was spoken in Devon and Somerset and so no basis for revival. Better to include a link to Avoric which is at least a well constructed Brittonic conlang. All this has been discussed at length on Wikipedia. See [] also note at end of main article, and [] Perderi 20:35, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree. "Devonian" and Cumbric should be removed from this course. Angr 16:32, 9 November 2007 (UTC)
 * If there is no real movement to resurrect them, nor much historical attestation for the reconstruction of the languages, they should be removed. The Jade Knight 04:58, 14 March 2008 (UTC)
 * If there's no opposition, I'll get around to removing them in the somewhat-near future. The Jade Knight (d'viser) 12:39, 27 September 2008 (UTC)

Deunansek ha Cumbric
The course is there if someone wants to learn those langauges, there is a lack in devonian resources apart from a small dictionary. These langauges need publicity, 1 course will be made for each (consisting of 3 lessons) for any starter people , if no-one else signs up in the streams of the respective langaueg , the production of those langauges will be stopped until a time when it is appropriate to re start (aka several people request the lessons or people sign up at the streams)

Thanks TheElvenLord 15:56, 10 November 2007 (UTC)

for those that know this language please check -
http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Topic:Brythonic_Celtic_Languages_Division&curid=45848&diff=231729&oldid=226922

many changes... --Remi 21:58, 23 March 2008 (UTC)
 * That's Welsh. From what I can tell, the edits look ok (mostly fixing mutation), but my Welsh is pretty poor, so I'm a poor judge.  I'd prefer a fluent (or at least proficient) editor take a look at it, too, to be sure.  The Jade Knight 09:17, 25 March 2008 (UTC)


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 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Kingtutt. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Kingtutt~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:41, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:13, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kingtutt~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Jihad~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Jihad, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jihad. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jihad~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:39, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:12, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jihad~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Eeskin

Welcome
Hello Eeskin, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:39, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eeskin


text:
User talk:Yasika~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Yasika, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:40, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Yasika. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Yasika~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:48, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:25, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Yasika~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Dpservis~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Dpservis, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:40, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Dpservis. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Dpservis~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:34, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:06, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dpservis~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Micheal chong

Welcome
Hello Micheal chong, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:40, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Micheal chong


text:
User talk:Rsletter

Welcome
Hello Rsletter, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:40, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rsletter


text:
User talk:Akintola O.A.

Welcome
Hello Akintola O.A., and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Cybiko123 21:40, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Akintola O.A.