text:
EuroHiT/Love

Definition of the Concept: Although there are sometimes distinctive words for various aspects of love (agape, eros, philia), it is more generally true that the same word is used, any distinction depending upon the context.

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whore since OE hōre; pejorative for a 'prostitute'< Lat. cāritās (Buck)

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Hure since OHG huora; pejorative for a 'prostitute'< Lat cāritās (Buck)

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Love


text:
EuroHiT/Family

Definition of the Concept: 'Family' is intended here in the narrower sense, the immediate family (even so, not precisely defined), though many of the words listed here are also used, like NE familiy, to cover remoter kindship, 'family' in the wide sense... Many of the words are those for 'house' or derivatives of them. Lat. familia, orig. 'body of servants, household', furnished the most widespread European world (Buck).

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: EuroHiT/Family


text:
EuroHiT/Magpie

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Magpie


text:
EuroHiT/Marble

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Marble


text:
EuroHiT/Marguerite

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Marguerite


text:
EuroHiT/Marriage

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Marriage


text:
EuroHiT/Marry

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Marry


text:
EuroHiT/Match

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Match


text:
EuroHiT/Meaning

Definition of the Concept: The 'meaning' (of a word, sentence, etc., in part also of an action) is expressed by derivs. of words for 'sign, point out, explain', and by words meaning primarily 'reason, thought, sense, understanding, intention, power, force, value, inwardness', etc., all of obvious application (Buck).

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Meaning


text:
EuroHiT/Midwife

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Midwife


text:
EuroHiT/Molar

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Molar


text:
EuroHiT/Mole

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Mole


text:
EuroHiT/Money

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Money


text:
EuroHiT/Mumps

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Mumps


text:
EuroHiT/Mushroom

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Mushroom


text:
EuroHiT/Mustard

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Mustard


text:
EuroHiT/Nettle

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Nettle


text:
EuroHiT/Old

Definition of the Concept: Most of the words for 'old' are used alike for 'old' vs. 'new' and 'old' vs. 'young'. But a few are used wholly or chiefly in the latter sense, esp. of old persons; and this was the orig. application of many of the others, as indicated by their etym.

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Old


text:
EuroHiT/Pacifier

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Pacifier


text:
EuroHiT/Pea

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Pea


text:
EuroHiT/Pencil-case

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Pencil-case


text:
EuroHiT/Pick up

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Pick up


text:
EuroHiT/Piglet

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Piglet


text:
EuroHiT/Pincers

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Pincers


text:
EuroHiT/Pip

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Pip


text:
EuroHiT/Plough

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Plough


text:
EuroHiT/Plum

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Plum


text:
EuroHiT/Polecat

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Polecat


text:
EuroHiT/Pond

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Pond


text:
EuroHiT/Potato

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Potato


text:
EuroHiT/Potter

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Potter


text:
EuroHiT/Priest

Definition of the Concept: ....

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title: EuroHiT/Priest


text:
EuroHiT/Pub

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title: EuroHiT/Pub


text:
EuroHiT/Pull

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title: EuroHiT/Pull


text:
EuroHiT/Purse

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title: EuroHiT/Purse


text: File:Benefits of micro devices.png

title: File:Benefits of micro devices.png


text: File:Stallpoint.svg

title: File:Stallpoint.svg


text: File:Airfoil c.svg

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title: File:Losses energie 8.png


text:
User:Laureali

Ali Uzun
A Business Information Technology student in Laurea University of Applied Sciences / Finland.

title: User:Laureali


text:
Wiki Campus Radio/Active audio stream

Greetings!

Perhaps you have some original content that you've recorded, or some time to spend on a live chat session. Maybe you have something like a Linux server running a VoiP service like Asterisk or something of that nature. Charley just isn't coming through as we hoped he would with his Across the Wikiverse practicum. The free 12-bar blues lesson was OK, but it's going to take a lot more Wikiversity original content to get this network up and running. Maybe you can help!

Excuse board
Please explain why Wikiversity has no audio resource network, no production capability and no clue how to get something so simple up and running. Add your excuse here:

 * I still don't have the equipment! I live in the woods off the grid and I only log in when I come to town and borrow a computer. I've been waiting nine years for this. Soon the county will be running a fiber-optic connection out my way, perhaps as early as June of 2016! Won't that be cool? CQ (discuss • contribs) 15:49, 13 March 2016 (UTC)

Archive
Wiki Campus Radio/Formerly active audio stream

title: Wiki Campus Radio/Active audio stream


text: File:Apc project team.jpg

title: File:Apc project team.jpg


text: Template:Microfluid mechanics/to do

title: Template:Microfluid mechanics/to do


text:
UW SIS201 2011

This page is made for the students enrolled in SIS201 at the University of Washington. Study Questions for final

Part 1: terms, names, events Identify each term. When appropriate be sure to include key names, dates, or eras. Explain the significance of the term for SIS 201. Remember the name of the course is the The Making of the 21st Century, keep that in mind when thinking about the significance. Answer in NO MORE THAN 3 grammatically correct sentences (no run-ons). [perhaps you will be given a list of 12 to 15 of these terms, and asked to identify 8 to 10 of them for about 30% of the final.]

'Part 2. You will be asked to analyze a New York Times article in light of major themes in the course. Make an argument explaining what the article reveals about the making of the 21st century and global order/disorder. [For example, you might think how you would approach one of the following: 2/25/11 “U.S. Pulling Back in Afghan Valley it called Critical”  or 3/2/11 “Radical Cleric Demands Ouster of Yemen Leader.” ]  Perhaps 30% of the exam. '

'Part 3. From the following list, two essays will be selected, and you will have to answer one of them. 40% of the exam. Your answer should make an argument based on class lectures, assigned readings, and New York Times readings.'

'What drives global change? Why do global orders rise and fall? Develop an argument based on course readings. In your argument, analyze the perspectives of Frieden, Keylor, Fukuyama, and Tibi on the catalysts for global change, and put these authors in conversation with each other. Consider broad structural processes vs. grassroots movements and economic vs. political factors'

There are many factors that can drive global change. From Frieden's perspective, economics is perhaps the most forceful driver of change. However, from Fukuyama's perspective, global change follows a sort of Hegelian ideological evolution. To me, the answer is both. Both the individual and the collective, local and international ideological movements, society and the environment, and finally economics and politics all converge to drive global change. These are what cause global orders to rise and fall. An example of a broad structural process would be ASEAN proposing to integrate the voices of developing countries into the international financial system. They believe that this would help restore financial stability as well as ensure the continued functioning of the financial markets. There are also grassroots movements that effect the global order. For instance, the anti-nuclear movements that opposes the use of nuclear technologies. Although these are small social movements, the people still have a voice in the decisions that governments make, which affects global order because those decisions are usually made among the representatives of each nation involved. The most obvious economic factors that change global orders would be depression and inflation. These are perfect examples because this whole lecture was based on the Cold War and its affects on the world. During this war the world went into a great depression, which changed the way the governments cope with national financial crisis. However, if governments were able to cope with the stagnating effects on the real economy such as production, employment, and income then the worst of the economic effects from periods like the depression may be avoided. The political factors are just as important. The Soviet Union and the U.S. began having tensions when President Truman created the Truman Doctrine and launched the Marshall Plan in 1947 at the peace-time conferences. Every action has a reaction, and that reaction is usually the rise or fall of global orders.

'“The problem with creating world orders is that they are usually established at the end of a major war, and reflect the balance of power at that time. They cannot predict future developments, and are not very adaptable. Therefore, world orders seldom last. Indeed, attempting to create a lasting world order is a fool’s errand.” Critically analyze this statement based on course materials. Indicate your personal view on this quotation, and defend it both logically and empirically.'\

Though this statement bears some truth, the conclusion drawn is false. Considering the benefits of world orders, they provide a degree of security and justice. I will compare the ened for some sort of world order to the need for local government, and conclude that the benefits of world orders outweigh their costs.

Of course there are going to be new world orders because this term is vaguely identified as the reaction of nations after a dramatic change in the political world and the balance of power. There are four pillars that each nation attempts to establish for new world orders, which are legitimacy, stability, enforcement, and predictability. However, major changes would cause the world order to change. Therefore, "attempting to create a lasting world order is a fool's errand" is a true statement, but they are adaptable, which is shown with the widespread of Western ideology after the Cold War.

'On March 4, 1953, President Dwight Eisenhower wondered why it wasn’t possible “to get some of the people in these downtrodden countries to like us instead of hating us.” Yet, many asked a similar sort of question at the time of 9/11/01, and still today. Why have many people in the world, especially the developing world, distrusted or resented the US? To what do you attribute the development of anti-Americanism? What can and should be done about these views?'

According to Prof. Bachman, the US is so nationally focused that when it comes to outside of the US we are only focused on our own interests. In other words, if there is something that happens outside of the US that's out of our interest then we won't put any emphasis on it. The only time we care is when we're acting to do what's right. For example, in the middle east, people see the US as acting to pursue its interests that were narrow defined and that hurt them. Another example, is when the US didn't live up to international resolutions and they didn't push to get Israel out of occupied territories. It was a major hypocrisy on the US' part. Most of the world's developing countries have a negative view on the US because of its self interest.

'IN 1941, Henry Luce (who owned Time Magazine and other media properties) wrote an editorial arguing that the century going forward would be “the American Century.” In what ways was the period from 1941 to 2011 the American Century, and what ways was it not? On balance, would you agree that it still is the American Century?'

Thesis: 1941 to 2011 was only partially the "American century," in the sense that America dominated Western politics and economics. The reason it was only partial was because America competed with communism and a state planned economy the whole way through (even with the fall of the USSR). Furthermore, US dominance is being challenged by the rise of China, the threat of terrorism, and climate change. Because of these things this is no longer the American century.

'Weigh the relative influence of the following three major historical forces for change in the 20th Century in the making of the 21st Century: major war, economic growth, and nationalism. (Hint: develop criteria by which you can assess the relative influence of each.)'

Relative influence can be weighed by many different factors. Some of these may include military presence and where a country has its bases, how many people are helped or killed, GDP, tariff levels, the pole that measures happiness, etc. Major war's relative influence is measured by military presence, where a country has its bases, how many people are helped/killed because...Economic growth's relative influence is measure by GDP...Nationalism's relative influence is measured by tariff levels...

'Assume that Egypt, Tunisia, and Libya become effective democratic governments over the next 5 years, that Yemen is dominated by fundamentalist political forces, and that Afghanistan remains the site of endemic conflict. How would these developments likely affect the state of global order in 5 years? Of the three different outcomes (democracy, fundamentalist rule, endemic civil strife) in these particular places, which outcome is, in your estimation, the one that is likely to have the greatest impact? Explain, drawing on course materials and analytical thinking.'

'Consider the relationship between global collective action problems and global institutions over the period from 1950 to 2000. Which major collective action problems have global institutions dealt with rather well, and which have they failed to deal with very well? What explains the results you identify. [Be sure to think about several different collective problems, and develop criteria to assess whether the collective action problems are dealt with well or not.]'

'Some fundamental challenges to the current global order are: the rise of China; Islamic Fundamentalism; global climate change; uncontrolled capital flows; global poverty; and political polarization in the US. Which one is the most important? Justify your choice by comparing it to two other challenges. From the perspective of the United States, what is a fair and reasonable way to deal with the challenge you identify at the global level? From the perspective of a developing country what is a fair and reasonable way to deal with the challenge you identify at the global level?'

•	The rise of China compared to Islamic Fundamentalism and global climate change o	Tibi says that Islamic fundamentalism is not trying to control the whole world they are just trying to control their little piece of the world o	Global climate change is gradual whereas China could easily make a change overnight that could affect the global order. They’re an exporter of WMDs to many countries and they fund them which means that those countries could rise up just as easily. •	Climate change: large numbers of people on a scale, environmental refugees, gradual o	Poverty: poor people are refugees, food security and water will create more poverty, poor contribute to climate change; deforestation, loss of airable land, burning coal (own health and environment). o	China: market that’s worth trillions of dollars, environmental issues is a major issue for China and may be in their next 5 year plan, the world is important to China because the rest of the world is its market place.

Mcgregor→ Chinese party has a great amount of power and their success has shown that you don’t have to be a capitalist democracy based on the UDHR to have success. They have advanced faster than the US. They survived when Russia did not. And the played a major role in Vietnam and Korea.

Tibi→ Challenge of Islamic fundamentalism. He challenges Fukuyama, who in 1989 said that we reached the end of history where liberal democratic capitalism will prevail. Tibi says there will be a new global order/disorder. Mao got a bunch of adolescents to create violence saying they needed to make everyone do what’s right.

Keylor→ The world order post WWII. A lot of it is about the security in collective action problems. Food, disease, global warming, etc.

Frieden→ about global capitalism. Starts it with the gold standard and ends with globalization in the 90s.

2025→ arc of instability UDHR Covenant Charter International institutions-political, economic, social (how people react to things) Bretton Woods→ currency stability, world bank, IMF, WTO Lecture→look at titles of outlines

title: UW SIS201 2011


text:
EuroHiT/Rabbit

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title: EuroHiT/Rabbit


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EuroHiT/Raspberry

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title: EuroHiT/Raspberry


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EuroHiT/Reap

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title: EuroHiT/Reap


text:
EuroHiT/Red cabbage

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title: EuroHiT/Red cabbage


text:
EuroHiT/Roll

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title: EuroHiT/Roll


text:
EuroHiT/Rope

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text:
EuroHiT/Rose hip

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text:
EuroHiT/Run

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text:
EuroHiT/Rye

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text:
User talk:Edmacno1

 Hello Edmacno1, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.
 * Explore Wikiversity with the links to your left.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.
 * Follow Wikiversity on twitter (http://twitter.com/Wikiversity) and identi.ca (http://identi.ca/group/wikiversity).

You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --TeleComNasSprVen 08:01, 11 March 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Edmacno1


text:
EuroHiT/Saturday

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text:
EuroHiT/Scar

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text:
EuroHiT/Scold

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title: EuroHiT/Scold


text:
EuroHiT/Sell

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OHG fāli, feili 'for sale'

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pelnas 'profit'

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title: EuroHiT/Sell


text:
EuroHiT/Sheet

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title: EuroHiT/Sheet


text:
EuroHiT/Shoelace

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text:
EuroHiT/Shovel

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Shovel


text:
EuroHiT/Sidewalk

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Sidewalk


text:
EuroHiT/Smoke (vb.)

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Smoke (vb.)


text:
EuroHiT/Somersault

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Somersault


text:
EuroHiT/Son-in-law

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Son-in-law


text:
EuroHiT/Sow

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Sow


text:
EuroHiT/Sparrow

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Sparrow


text:
EuroHiT/Speak

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Speak


text:
EuroHiT/Spinning top

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Spinning top


text:
EuroHiT/Springtime

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Springtime


text:
EuroHiT/Stomach-ache

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Stomach-ache


text:
EuroHiT/Student

Definition of the Concept: Student = Pupil; Many of the words for 'pupil' are, as one might expect, derivs. of those for 'learn', that is, lit. 'learner'. Some are specialized from 'one who is brought up', a 'young person' or 'attendant', or in one case generalized from 'theological student'. Derivs. of words for 'school' more often denote a member of a school or a learned person, but also in some cases 'pupil' (Buck'

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Student


text:
EuroHiT/Study

Definition of the Concept: 'Study' (in school, in books, etc.) is sometimes covered by words for 'learn', as genrally in Slavic. The special terms have arisen by specialization of 'pay attention to, be eager, zealous'.

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Study


text:
EuroHiT/Sweep

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Sweep


text:
EuroHiT/Tadpole

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Tadpole


text:
EuroHiT/Teach

Definition of the Concept: The majority of the words for 'teach' are connected with others meaning 'learn'. The others are mostly from 'point out, make known', but also from 'command, direct' and in one case from 'sing over'.

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Teach


text:
EuroHiT/Teacher

Definition of the Concept: The majority of the words for 'teacher' are derivs. of the verbs for 'teach', a few from words for 'school'. The others are words for 'master' used in specialized sense.

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Teacher


text:
EuroHiT/Thanks

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Thanks


text:
EuroHiT/The day before yesterday

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/The day before yesterday


text:
EuroHiT/Tie

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Tie


text:
EuroHiT/Toad

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Toad


text:
EuroHiT/Tomcat

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Tomcat


text:
EuroHiT/Tractor

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Tractor


text:
EuroHiT/Udder

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Udder


text:
EuroHiT/Veal

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Veal


text:
EuroHiT/Very

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Very


text:
EuroHiT/Wait

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Wait


text: File:CompEssSpecs.jpg

title: File:CompEssSpecs.jpg


text:
EuroHiT/Watering can

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Watering can


text:
EuroHiT/Weed (vb.)

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Information on Other Languages
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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Weed (vb.)


text:
EuroHiT/Wheelbarrow

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Wheelbarrow


text:
EuroHiT/Whip

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Information on Other Languages
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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Whip


text:
EuroHiT/White cabbage

Definition of the Concept: ....

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Information on Other Languages
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Related Concepts
(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/White cabbage


text:
EuroHiT/Wick

Definition of the Concept: ....

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title: EuroHiT/Wick


text:
EuroHiT/Wife

Definition of the Concept: Words for 'husband' and 'wife' are most commonly from those for 'man' and 'woman'. Some are from the notion of 'master' or 'mistress' of the household. Many words meaning originally 'united, married, promised, companion', or the like are used for 'husband', and 'wife', mostly in pairs of corresponding masculine and feminine forms. These have not become the common, everyday terms but are often felt as the more refined. Some are in much more general use than others, and it is difficult to know where to draw the line in including them (Buck).

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title: EuroHiT/Wife


text:
EuroHiT/Woodstrawberry

Definition of the Concept: ....

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title: EuroHiT/Woodstrawberry


text:
EuroHiT/Work

Definition of the Concept: ....

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title: EuroHiT/Work


text:
EuroHiT/World

Definition of the Concept: ....

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title: EuroHiT/World


text:
Game mechanics/Area Control & Area Influence

Area Control and Area Influence are mechanisms used in board game design. Typically area control is awarded to the player who has most or a majority of pieces in any given area. In this way, it can be viewed as a sub-category of Auction/Bidding as players can increase their "bids" for any specific area by placing more pieces there.

Links to Boardgame geek

 * Boardgamegeek: Area Control/Area Influence

Games using Area Control & Area Influence

 * AufRUHR!
 * Age of Empires III: The Age of Discovery
 * Imperial 2030
 * Liberté
 * El Grande


text:
EuroHiT/Yeast

Definition of the Concept: ....

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title: EuroHiT/Yeast


text:
EuroHiT/Yolk

Definition of the Concept: ....

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(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Yolk


text:
EuroHiT/Young

Definition of the Concept: Most of the words for 'young' belong to an inherited group. The others come by extension from 'new' (Grk. ύєos) or from the notion of 'tender' (Buck).

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title: EuroHiT/Young


text:
EuroHiT/Zero

Definition of the Concept: 0

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Explanations of Changes

 * wide distribution of the Arabic term as this was the most extraordinary symbol to the Europeans who adopted the decimal writing system from the Arabs

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(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)

title: EuroHiT/Zero


text:
EuroLex/E/-gate

 * Original language: English after Watergate
 * Original form and meaning: scandal, especially financial scandals

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: -gate [= Engl. pron.], 1990s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese and facetious use; Russian: -geĭt, 1980s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to journalese; Bulgarian: geĭt, 1980s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to journalese; Greek: [= Engl. pron.]/['geit], 1980s; meaning: 'scandal'; status: restricted to journalese

title: EuroLex/E/-gate


text:
EuroLex/E/Bang

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: bang 'a loud short sound; [interjection to imitate a loud short sound]'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: -

 * Information on Other Languages: -

title: EuroLex/E/Bang


text:
EuroLex/E/Gag

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a humorous action or situation'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; ** CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: gag [gag], mid20c, via French, meaning: the same as in English, esp. 'clever tricks in films and the circus, etc.', status: fully accepted but still marked as English; Russian: gég, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, esp. 'clever tricks in films and the circus, etc.', status: restricted use: rare, modish; Bulgarian: geg, end20c, meaning: the same as in English, esp. 'clever tricks in films and the circus, etc.', status: restricted use: journalese

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title: EuroLex/E/Gag


text:
EuroLex/E/Gallon

 * Original language: English (from Old Northern French galon)
 * Original form and meaning: 'a unit of volume for liquid measure equal to eight pints: in Britain (also imperial gallon), equivalent to 4.55 litres; in the US, equivalent to 3.79 litres' [source: ]

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; **CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

Information on Other Languages

 * Icelandic: gallon/gallón [kal:o(u)n], beg20c, foreignism / technical: fully accepted but still marked as English.
 * Romanian: galon [ga'lon], end19c, via French, technical: not (or no longer) recognized as English.
 * Russian: gallon, beg19c, foreignism.
 * Bulgarian: galon, beg20c, foreignism.
 * Albanian: gallon, beg20c, technical: not (or no longer) recognized as English.
 * Greek: ghaloni, via Italian.

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title: EuroLex/E/Gallon


text:
EuroLex/E/Game

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: game (n.) a) 'activity engaged in for diversion or amusement'; b) 'the equipment for a game' [source: ]

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; *CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: geim [= Engl.pron./cei:m], mid20c, meaning (1): 'a single section of play forming a scoring unit'; status: restricted use: technical; meaning (2): 'a party, a festivity'; status: restricted to slang, archaic; Romanian: ghem/game [gem/= Engl.pron.], beg20c; meaning: 'a single section of play forming a scoring unit'; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to technical use; Russian: geĭm, mid20c; meaning: 'a single section of play forming a scoring unit'; status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: geĭm, mid20c, fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to technical use; Greek: game [= Engl.pron.], beg20c; meaning: 'a single section of play forming a scoring unit'; status: restricted use: technical; Albanian: gejm, 20c; meaning (1): 'a single section of play forming a scoring unit'; meaning (2): 'a party, a festivity', status of both: fully accepted but still marked as English.

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title: EuroLex/E/Game


text:
EuroLex/E/Game Boy

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: proper noun 'a hand-held electronic device with a small screen, used to play cartridge computer games'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: * DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.

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 * Information on Other Languages: Romanian: only in youth language; Greek: Game Boy [= English] with English spelling using the Roman alphabet, 1990s, status: restricted use: technical, youth language, modish

title: EuroLex/E/Game Boy


text:
EuroLex/E/Gang

 * Original Language: English
 * Original Form and Meaning: gang 1) 'a band of persons acting or going about together, esp. a group of criminals'/ 2) 'a set of workers'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

Annotations
gang competes with band (EuroLex) (~ German Bande) and the respective equivalents in most of the other languages, which are usually much more common, so its distribution is more limited than the universally used gangter (which is semantically differentiated from and slightly more common than bandit) (source: Manfred Görlach (2001): A Dictionary of European Anglicisms, Oxford: OUP.)

Information on Other Languages

 * Icelandic: a) gang [=English], meaning: 'a band of persons acting or going about together, esp. a group of criminals', status: restricted use: slang; b) gengi [ceiлci], Neuter, Plural Ø, 1960s, meaning (1): 'a band of persons acting or going about together, esp. a group of criminals', status: semantical loan only (word is identical or nearly identical with an native one): restricted to slang, meaning (2): 'a set of workers', status: semantical loan only (word is identical or nearly identical with an native one): techn., colloquial.
 * Romanian: gang [=English], Neuter, 1970s, meaning: 'a band of persons acting or going about together, esp. a group of criminals', status: the word is known, but as a foreignism, less frequent than bandă
 * Russian: gang [like spelling suggests], Masculine, Plural -i, end20c, meaning: 'a band of persons acting or going about together, esp. a group of criminals', status: ?, less frequent than banda --
 * Bulgarian: word is not known: banda is used instead --
 * Albanian: gangë ['gangë], Feminine, Plural Ø, mid20c, meaning (1): 'a band of persons acting or going about together, esp. a group of criminals', status: fully accepted but still marked as English; meaning (2): 'a set of workers', status: restricted use (regional) -- (Source: Manfred Görlach (2001): A Dictionary of European Anglicisms, Oxford:OUP.)

title: EuroLex/E/Gang


text:
EuroLex/E/Gangster

 * Origin: English
 * Original Form and Meaning: gangster: 1) 'a member of a gang of violent criminals'/ +2) 'someone acting like a gangster' [+ stands for additional meanings that are not English (semantic pseudo-anglicisms)]

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

Annotations
-

Information on Other Languages

 * Icelandic: gangster [kaŋster], Masculine, Plural -ar, mid 20c, meanings 1 and +2, status: restricted to slang;
 * Romanian: gangster ['gangster], Masculine, mid20c, meanings 1 and +2; status: fully accepted but still marked as English;
 * Russian: gangster [as spelling suggests], Masculine, Plural -y, mid20c, meanings 1 and +2; status: fully accepted but still marked as English;
 * Bulgarian: gangster [as spelling suggests], Masculine, Plural -i, mid20c, via Russian, meanings 1 and +2; status: fully accepted but still marked as English ;
 * Albanian: gangster [gangs'ter], Masculine, Plural -ë, mid20c, meanings 1 and +2; status: no longer recognized as English;
 * Greek: gangster [as spelling suggests], Masculine, Plural -Ø/-s, mid20c, meanings 1 and +2; status: fully accepted but still marked as English/foreignism

(source: Manfred Görlach (2001): A Dictionary of European Anglicisms, Oxford: OUP)

title: EuroLex/E/Gangster


text:
EuroLex/E/Gap

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1.) 'a wide divergence in views, sympathies, development etc.', +2.) 'a wide divergence in technology (e.g. missile gap) and economy' [+ stands for additional meanings that are not English in origin (semantic pseudo-anglicisms)]

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.

Information on Other Languages

 * Greek: not known, native khasma used instead

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title: EuroLex/E/Gap


text:
EuroLex/E/Garden party

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'a social event held on a lawn in a garden' [source: ]

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: garden party [= Engl. pron.], end20c; meaning: 'a social event held in a garden'; status: restricted use: slang / garðpartý status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to colloquial use, equivalent of translation garðveisla; Romanian: garden party [= Engl. pron.], 1960s; meaning: 'a social event held in a garden'; status: restricted use; Russian: garden party, end20c, meaning: 'a social event held in a garden'; status: restricted use; Bulgarian: garden parti, 1990s, meaning: meaning: 'a social event held in a garden'; status: restricted use: modish, more frequent is the translation: gradinsko parti; Greek: garden parti/-y, mid20c, meaning: 'a social event held in a garden', status: restricted use: modish

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title: EuroLex/E/Garden party


text:
EuroLex/E/Gardenia

 * Original language: English/Neo-Latin (with Latin ending -ia)
 * Original form and meaning: 'a shrub with large white or yellow flowers and a fragrant scent', named after the Scottish naturalist Alexander Garden (died 1791) [source: DEA*/CODEE**]

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

This word has largely lost his "Englishness" due to the neo-Latin ending and the pronunciations according to national conventions.
 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; **CODEE = Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: gardenía [kartenija], 1940s, via Danish; meaning: see above; status: fully accepted but still marked as English; Romanian: gardenie [pronunciation like spelling suggests], beg20c, via French; meaning: see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; Russian: gardeniya [stress on second syllable], beg20c; meaning: see above; status: restricted use: technical; Bulgarian: gardeniya [stress on second syllable], beg20c, not (or no longer) recognized as English, but restricted to technical use; Greek: ghardhenia [stress on second syllable], date of borrowing: ?; meaning: see above; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English.

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title: EuroLex/E/Gardenia


text:
EuroLex/E/Gay

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: gay, adj./noun, 'homosexual'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: gay [= Engl. pron.], adj.; end20c; meaning: 'homosexual'; status: restricted to slang, less frequent than hýr. Romanian: gay/ghei [= Engl. pron.], noun; 1990s; meaning: 'homosexual'; status: rare, less frequent than homosexual. Russian: geĭ, noun; end20c; meaning: 'homosexual'; status: restricted to colloquial use. Bulgarian: geĭ,noun; 1990s; meaning: 'homosexual'; status: restricted to journalese, modish, less frequent than khomoseksualist, pederast, pedi. Greek: gei/gay, adj.; meaning: 'homosexual'; status: restricted to colloquial and modish use, journalese.

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title: EuroLex/E/Gay


text:
EuroLex/E/Gel

 * Original language: English, from French gélatine, ultimately from Latin gelare 'to freeze' (cf. jelly from Old French gelée) *
 * Original form and meaning: gel, noun, 1.) 'a semi-solid colloidal solution or jelly of a solid dispersed in liquid', 2.) 'a jelly-like substance used for setting the hair'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; **CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

 * Information on Other Languages: Albanian: -gel, schel, 20c; meaning 1 and 2; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Greek: tzel, zele, zel; 1980s; via French; meaning 1 and 2; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Icelandic: gel [cε:l]; 1980s; meaning 2; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Romanian: gel [= Engl. pron.]; mid20c; meaning 1 and 2; from French/Italian. Russian: gel; end20c; meaning 1 and 2; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English. Bulgarian: gel; mid 20c; via German; meaning 1 and 2; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English.

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title: EuroLex/E/Gel


text:
EuroLex/E/Gentleman

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: gentleman, 1.) 'a man of refined behaviour', 2.) 'a man of good social position' (DEA*)

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; CODEE** = The Concise Oxford English Dictionary by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

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 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: gentil-/gentlemaður; mid17c; meaning 1 and 2; status: restricted use: archaic;/ séntilmaður; end19c; meaning 2; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Romanian: gentleman [= Engl. pron.]; mid19c; meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Russian: dzhentl'men; 18c; meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Bulgarian: dzhentlemen/dzhentŭlmen; end19c; meaning 1; status: restricted use: archaic/fully accepted but still marked as English. Albanian: xhentëlmen; mid20c; meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English. Greek: tzedleman; 20c; meaning 1; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, restricted to colloquial use, equally frequent as kirios.

title: EuroLex/E/Gentleman


text:
EuroLex/E/Gentlemen's agreement

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 'an agreement binding in honour'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.

 * Information on Other Languages: Icelandic: gentlemen's agreement [= Engl. pron.]; end20c; known mainly to biliguals, less frequent than translation heiðursmannasamkomulag; Russian: known mainly to bilinguals, less frequent than translation dzhentl'menskoe soglashenie; Bulgarian: not known; native equivalent: translation džhentŭlmensko sporazumenie; Greek: not known; native equivalent: translation symfonia kyrion; Romanian: gentlemen's agreement [= Engl. pron.]; 1970s; meaning: see above; status: restricted to journalese.

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title: EuroLex/E/Gentlemen's agreement


text:
EuroLex/E/Gig

 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: gig¹ - 1.) 'a one-horse carriage', 2.) 'a rowing-boat', +3.) 'part of a sailboard's rigging'; gig² - 4.) 'an engagement of an entertainer, esp. of musicians, usu. for a single appearance' [+ stands for additional meanings that are not English in origin (semantic pseudo-anglicisms)]

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; CODEE** = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

Information on Other Languages

 * Romanian: gig¹: gig [dʒig], end19c: meaning 1, status: fully accepted but still marked as English, archaic/technical; 1940s: meaning 2, status: fully accepted but still marked as English, technical.
 * Russian: gig¹: gig, beg20c, meaning 2, status: restricted to technical use.
 * Bulgarian: gig¹: gig, mid20c, meaning +3, status: restricted to technical use; gig²: gig, 1980s, meaning 4, status: restricted to technical use.
 * Greek: gig²: gig, end20c, meaning 4, status: restricted to technical use. *Icelandic: gig²: gig [cık:], 1970s, meaning 4, status: restricted to slang.

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title: EuroLex/E/Gig


text:
EuroLex/E/Girl

"This term is well-known, but little used outside compunds (see call~, play~), relating to 'girls' only in a facetious or deprecatory way. The marginal uses make it difficult to predict whether the word will become established more widely." (DEA*, p. 133)
 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: +1.) 'a young and easy female', +1a.) 'a female working in a cabaret'

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.; **CODEE = The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology by T.F. Hoad (1986), Oxford: Clarendon.

Information on Other Languages

 * Romanian: girl, meaning +1; status: known mainly to bilinguals, restricted to colloquial, euphemistic, facetious use and journalese.
 * Russian: gerla/gërl; mid20c; meanings +1 and +1a; status: restricted to colloquial and facetious use.
 * Bulgarian: gŭrla; beg20c; meanings +1 and +1a; status: not (or no longer) recognized as English, pejorative.

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title: EuroLex/E/Girl


text:
EuroLex/E/Glamour

"This word was firmly established through American films after 1945 - with significant exclusion of Eastern Europe. The negative connotation, found in some English contexts, is more conspicuous in the loanords." (DEA*, p. 133)
 * Original language: English
 * Original form and meaning: 1.) 'alluring or exciting beauty or charm', +2.) 'showy decoration or ornament; gaudiness', +3.) 'showiness' [+ stands for additional meanings that are not English in origin (semantic pseudo-anglicisms)]

(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)

 * Annotations: *DEA = Dictionary of European Anglicisms by Manfred Görlach (2001), Oxford: OUP.

Information on Other Languages

 * Icelandic: glamúr [kla:mur]; end20c; meaning +2; status: restricted to colloquial use.
 * Greek: glamour [glamur]; end20c; meanings +2 and +3; status: fully accepted but still marked as English, modish, journalese.

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title: EuroLex/E/Glamour