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User talk:Alexavent/BPS 2011 Corporate Sponsorship of Major Sporting Events; an Alternative Marketing Method

Thanks for the link, Alex. I will read with interest. I will check with Leigh how to relocate this. Postillion 23:18, 14 September 2011 (UTC)

Alex, I am really interested in your topic! Wil be interesting to see the spin you take with using sponsorship as an 'alternative' marketing method. I am really interested to see how you explore sponsorship on the local level as many community clubs struggle with this concept. I love all the headings! Makes for very easy reading!!(AshleighLowe 01:53, 30 October 2011 (UTC)).


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User:RyanPak/enes100/StrandBeest

Link to strandbeest team page.

Week0 Activities
Research Strandbeest concepts.

Write problem statement
Create a Strandbeest out of easily obtained materials. The strandbeest will be able to function and walk on its own.

Assign Task1
Determine materials for Strandsbeest project, create basic design and research designs for Strandbeest. Gather materials for Strandbeest. The materials agreed upon were: plastic for frames (LEGO or K'nex pieces) and 1 or 2 motor engines for movement.

Compare actual work done to Task1
Rationalize differences

Week1 Peer Review

 * Add your name and 1sfoerster 13:32, 28 August 2011 (UTC) to create a time and date stamp. Create a new category if another team mate has already commented here.
 * Ryan helped a lot when it came to the arrangement of the lego designs and also offered to seek out the missing required parts so as to push the project forward.qchi

Assign Task2
Study strandbeest designs and concepts. Begin general design ideas and learn concepts for strandbeest.

Compare actual work done to Task2
Found out the common designs for strandbeest. Found out LEGO piece placement. Found spare LEGO parts that could possibly be useful for construction.

Week2 Peer Review
Go to each team mates weekly summary wiki page. Read their activities and narrative. Then go the associated discussion page. Say something positive on this page. Try some constructive criticism. Add your name and 1sfoerster 13:32, 28 August 2011 (UTC) to create a time and date stamp. Create a new category if another team mate has already commented here.

Assign Task3
Begin strandbeest construction, order LEGO battery as a power source for the strandbeest.

Week3 Activities
Constructed the 3rd Strandbeest leg set. Basic project design completed, now we need a power source and to make a few adjustments where needed.

Compare actual work done to Task3
We completed the base design for the Strandbeest. Not only has construction begun, it is nearly complete.

Week3 Peer Review
Go to each team mates weekly summary wiki page. Read their activities and narrative. Then go the associated discussion page. Say something positive on this page. Try some constructive criticism. Add your name and 1sfoerster 13:33, 28 August 2011 (UTC) to create a time and date stamp. Create a new category if another team mate has already commented here.

Assign Task4
Record what you are planning on doing for the team during the weekend between week3 and week4 of the project here.

Compare actual work done to Task4
Rationalize differences

Week4 Narrative
Completed the Strandbeest complete with movement to both legs. The only thing missing was the motor, due to the weight added by the motor.

Week4 Peer Review
Go to each team mates weekly summary wiki page. Read their activities and narrative. Then go the associated discussion page. Say something positive on this page. Try some constructive criticism. Add your name and 1sfoerster 13:33, 28 August 2011 (UTC) to create a time and date stamp. Create a new category if another team mate has already commented here.

Materials

 * LEGO parts + motor
 * Glues
 * Tapes (replaced after the glue)

Story
The Strandbeest was a concept created by Jordan Hansen and it has amazed many people. It is moving, living art. We were assigned the task to attempt and create a similar creature based off of Jordan Hansen's designs. We cam relatively close to completing the strandbeest with maximum mobility.

Decision List
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
 * Determine materials and designs for Strandbeest.
 * Study more Strandbeest designs, improve design.
 * Started Strandbeest construction. Almost completed the whole base.
 * Finished Strandbeest design with mobility. The motor was unable to be attached due to its weight.

Time
This project required about 6 hours of work per week from each team-member. This includes research, ordering parts, construction, and planning.

Next Steps
The next step would be to increase the stability of the Strandbeest's base support so the motor could be easily attached without decreasing the functionality of the Strandbeest's movement.

Repeatablitly
This project is very repeatable. The design concept was fairly simple and allows for easy design modification due to the simple materials list.

Integrity
We designed the legs of the Strandbeest ourselves and worked hard to constantly improve the design.

Start Next Project Week0 activities
During this week you will perform the week0 activities of the next project.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:RyanPak/enes100/StrandBeest


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Solar/Howard Community College

Howard Community College is starting this project in the fall of 2011. GOAL TBD
 * /Fall2011/

title: Solar/Howard Community College


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Solar/Howard Community College/Fall2011

These are the solar teams for fall2011 HCC.
 * /fall2011/

title: Solar/Howard Community College/Fall2011


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User:Esmith1993/enes100/fanwing

Link to project MWE team page.

Link to project Aviators team page.

Start Next Project Week 0 activities
Continue Construction of Fanwing body; complete the body of the fanwing.

Compare actual work done to Task1
Bottom of Fanwing is almost complete

Assign Task 2
Build remaining body of the Fanwing

Compare actual work done to Task 2
Body is almost complete just need to create top piece along with wing of squirrel cage.

Assign Task 3
Finish top portion of body and wing of squirrel cage.

Compare actual work done to Task 3
Scrapped Original Fanwing

Week 3 Narrative
Old body, using same design for the new version of the Fanwing

Assign Task 4
Created the blades for the Squirrel Cage

title: User:Esmith1993/enes100/fanwing


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Solar/Howard Community College/Fall2011/DomP EME

Problem Statement
Put the last negotiated problem statement with the instructor or client of the project here.

Team Members

 * epropplerp
 * Dsamura

Summary
Put an overall, one paragraph summary here with links to the team weekly reports.

Poster
Put a graphic in wikimedia, include the graphic here or link to it here. The graphic should be suitable for creating a traditional project poster.

Story
Tell a story of the project. Describe how tasks were split up, what the obstacles were, what testing was done, what informal decisions were made, what assumptions were made, what the results were. This is a longer version of the summary with links to all the details collected associated with the project. These links could be to software, links to videos, links to project pages with pictures, etc. Think of the story as a summary of the team weekly reports on one long page rather than a short paragraph like the summary.

Decision List
List all formal decisions made with links to their documentation such as a decision tree or decision matrix.

Material List
Figuring out what to purchase, what to build, what everything costs is a huge part of engineering. Typically there is a list of materials in stock, materials that are ordered, materials that should be ordered next time there is money, materials that have not been fully justified. These issues are part of healthy management of the engineering lab but are associated with a particular college. The detail needs to be published in this "Done" form. However in the project root, just a list of materials is necessary.

Software List
Installing and learning different software packages is part of most engineering project just like the materials list.

Time
Time estimates and actual time consumed measurements helps justify salaries (grades). The only way to gain respect for estimated project time and costs is to practice.

Tutorials
Most projects consist of making instructions to jump start the next team, shrink the learning of tools and software to the minimum, advice on where to purchase materials, how to assemble, etc. Tutorials modified or created are described here with links.

Next Steps
If this is not filled out, the next team may have to repeat each of your steps just to figure out what the next step is. It is best to write this immediately at the end of the project while creating the summary, poster, presentation, and story.

Subjective Critera
While reading these sections, practicing engineers are building up the following impressions about the document. So the following categories are more subjective:

Repeatablitly
Is there enough detail to repeat the work?

Integrity
Proving something doesn't exist or doesn't work usually requires exhaustion. Simply saying "it can not be done" is like challenging a pro basketball player (engineer) to one-on-one basketball (find a solution). It does not inspire respect. All the different ways respect is created can be found throughout the wikibook General Engineering Introduction.


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User:SamN90/The Introduction of Change

I'm learning how to embed the presentation here. In the meantime here is a link. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=scafFMMk69A

The NRL has taken various approaches to its administrative side of the game, whether it is expansion of the game, negotiating broadcast rights, player misbehaviour and misconduct and various other issues in the game. Issues that use to be decided among a string of members from separate boards, the Australian Rugby League (ARL), and News Ltd, will now be decided by a new Independent Commission.

Under the current structure, the game is governed 50/50 by its owners, News Ltd and the ARL. News is transferring its half-share of the game to the ARL, which is being restructured under a new constitution as the Australian Rugby League Commission, aligning the eight commissioners, the NSWRL, the QRL, CRL and the 16 NRL clubs as new members under one roof.

The introduction of the new Independent Commission was suppose to occur on November 1, possibly a little later, with a variety of issues still to be resolved between the stakeholders ARL, QRL, NSWRL and News Ltd.

So, how will the commission benefit Rugby League when resolving some of its major issues?

Firstly, it will negotiate the upcoming T.V broadcast rights, followed by expansion of the League, a rise in the salary cap, progression of grass roots footy and the rescheduling of rep games.

All of these areas are a major focus for the Commission, and if handled right, could lead Rugby League into a very successful future.

Introduction - The NRL in Recent Years
Since the super league war, Rugby League has been going through a very slow rebuilding process. With the expansion of the league, the introduction of a U/20’s competition and various junior development programs implemented at grass roots level, Rugby League is still producing a very talented and sellable product.

However, much of this has been un-done by recent player misbehaviour involving drinking, drugs, assaults, rape allegations, DUI and even match fixing. These series of off-field mishaps have given the media and the general public every chance to further tarnish the brand of Rugby League. All of these factors, along with the global financial crisis, have given League a wakeup call to their drop in crowd attendances and membership sales.

The recent relocation of many Sydney team's (League heartland) home games from local grounds, to the bigger ANZ stadium at Olympic Park has taken its tole. The large stadium lacks a great deal of atmosphere as seats are to far away from the game with the long traveling distances being a continuous talking point with fans throughout the season.

Recently the NRL has tried to push its membership sales. Although it has worked with South Sydney almost doubling membership sales this year to the tune of 20,000+, League has nowhere near the same numbers as its rival the AFL, where the majority of clubs sit around the 60,000+ mark. Although membership sales have long been an integral part of the AFL’s structure, it has only been a recent development to the game of league as more and more fans begin to realise how important these sales are to the progression of their club. It was only a matter of time until League had to follow suite.

So, following these issues and with the new T.V rights deal coming up next year, many across the game agreed an independent commission was the only way forward, similar to the AFL’s 93’ restructure. The commissioners are to be handed control of the game, from a grass roots to a national level. Their job is to lead the game in a direction that does not benefit any personal or club interest, but the progression of the Rugby League in Australia.

Who is on the New Commission?
The commission will be made up of 8 members with one selected as chairman to direct proceedings. Each member has been specifically chosen for their field of expertise and the benefits they will bring to the table. It was selected and approved by all the current stake holders and a Board of Directors.

The members of the new independent commission are;

•	John Grant, Chairman – Former QLD international and managing director in internet technology company Data3

•	Catherine Harris – Chairperson of Harris Farm Markets

•	Ian Elliot - Brand strategist and former chairman and managing director of George Patterson Bates

•	Peter Gregg - Executive director and chief financial officer of Leighton Holdings

•	Gary Pemberton - Former chairman of QANTAS and SOCOG

•	Jeremy Sutcliffe – CSR chairman

•	Wayne Pearce - Balmain Tigers, NSW and Australian legend, commentator and first professional rugby league player.

•	Chris Sarra - Executive director of Queensland Technology’s Stronger Smarter Institute, Aboriginal Educator

Each member has either business or sporting experience, with the majority having detailed experience in overseeing/running a complex organisation. It is only now we are seeing a political reform in terms of structure that will benefit the game from a grass roots level, right through to the National competition and State of Origin.

Politics on choosing a Commission
The ARL and News Ltd have been involved in discussions for over 2 years on an independent commission with arguments varying from how they will serve the game, who is apart of it, when it will take over, and how much control they will be given.

However a variety of issues in recent weeks has put a hold to the November 1st introduction. With the new T.V deals next year, clubs are yet to renew their licences for next season until they either receive some advanced funding, or see how much the new deal is worth.

After announcing their exit and an independent commission would replace them, News Ltd met with the ARL as a part of a 4 man panel in unity with international recruitment agency Spencer Stuart. The 4 man board consisted of ARL chairman John Chalk, News Limited chief operating officer Peter Macourt, QRL director Terry Mackenroth and Rabbitohs chairman Nick Pappas (representing the 16 clubs). They were given a list of 130 people identified by Spencer Stuart, all of whom were sought to have the right business, sport and political mind to progress rugby league in a way that benefits the game.

It was up to the 4 man panel decide who would direct the games future. The commission was eventually finalised before a meeting between the games powerbrokers; QRL, NSWRL, CRL and the clubs.

"The 16 clubs wanted change, the states wanted change, News Limited wanted change ... it gives the game a fantastic opportunity to prosper," - Independent Commission Chairman, John Grant.

How has the Independent Commission been introduced?
Firstly, a deed of dissolution has been drawn up in which the existing News Ltd and ARL board members are to finalise business and political control and standings, all of which should allow for continued funding from sponsorship in order to enable marketing and business plans under the control of one body.

Although it has been a long a drawn out process of implementing an independent commission, they are expected to take over on November 1st. Recent talks between the NRL and clubs over funding issues has pointed to another delay in proceedings. However, Chairman John Grant says plans are already underway behind the scenes for the TV rights deal. According to Grant, he wants the commission to hit the ground running regardless of when they start, with their main priority trying to reach the $1.4 billion mark for the game.

There has never been more proof that Rugby League needs its independence than the 2010 season where the Melbourne Storm scandal brought about accusations of conflicts of interest from both the NRL executive and News Limited.

What will it do to the game?

The independent commission will make a variety of decisions in order to steer the game with as much control and direction as possible. This all starts with the up coming T.V rights negotiations. It has already been stated that the commission has already met to discuss this situation before the hand over, which shows how vital the security of a big money deal is to the game. From there areas of focus will be; expansion of the league, raising the salary cap, rechuduling the representative structure, player welfare and grassroots football.

Negotiating a T.V deal
Once the commission takes over, it will begin negotiations for a new T.V broadcasting rights deal. The deal, which commences in the 2013 season will see an outrageous bidding war between Australia’s top dog media moguls and stations.

The deal is expected to bring in a large amount of money, with the rights going to the highest bidder in an auction like sale. It is expected that either Channel 9 or Channel 7 will go head to head with Foxtel for either the sole rights to the game or a split of the games, similarly to the AFL’s deal.

However, Channel 9 CEO David Gyngell raised the point that Rugby League may have to adapt a different flow in game play to accommodate the expensive price tag jump ofr 500 million for the 07-12 deal to more than double for the next deal. For example, introducing 15 second game breaks before scrums and drop outs or changing the structure from halves to quarters. Both of these options allow for more lucrative commercial space for advertisers. Therefore, allowing increased revenue for broadcasters and more reason to fork out big dollars for the next deal.

As you can see this an issue of commodification. By taking something that is already in existence- the competition, and trying to make more money by expanding the amount of sell-able market place space.

Colin Smith, an analyist from Melbourne company LEK, said the NRL was on track to secure a T.V deal possibly higher than the AFL’s.

"In television audience, it is. Foxtel's pay television for NRL is up 20 per cent. And then you look at State of Origin, just under 11 million viewers (for the series)."

Assuming the game snares a deal worth this figure, it will benefit the clubs immensely with 14 of the 16 running with substantial debts.

Not only will club grants increase, but so will the salary cap.

Increase in the Salary Cap
Assuming the new T.V deal reaches a record amount, the salary cap is set to rise significantly. Already criticized across the world for having a low and hard cap whilst overseas competitions have a much higher cap, or do not have one at all. This has caused a serious movement from players moving to England pre-retirement to play in the cashed up Super League. This can be seen as good in some cases as all clubs are given an equal chance at winning – 9 different winners in past 12 years. However, not only does Rugby League have a low salary cap, its rival competitors here in Australia have much higher limitations to their player expenditure. This has also lead to a recent shift of players to cross-code rivals such as AFL who have a salary cap of around 8 million.

However, the future is looking bright for League players with the new broadcast rights deal up for grabs next year. It is hoped that the deal will increase revenue, providing greater funding and assistance to clubs, therefore allowing clubs to have a higher salary cap. The new deal could increase the salary cap from $3.7 million in 2011 to around $7 million, assuming the broadcast rights fetch their expected price.

Representative Level

For years there has been constant bickering between fans, clubs, players, coaches, sponsors and the games hierarchy over the schedule of representative games. Both players and coaches have specifically stated there is not enough turnaround between Wednesday night origin games.

Talks have been underway with retiring Broncos, Queensland and Australian Captain Darren Lockyer, along with experienced club, origin and national coach Wayne Bennet to create a schedule that will benefit the player recovery but also maximise T.V ratings and sponsorship deals. The commission is set to move the Wednesday night Origin matches to Mondays, allowing a longer turn-around for players.

The annual Anzac Test and City vs Country matches have also specifically been targeted as a weekend not needed due to players being called up from club duties, therefore providing a round of B-grade players. This in turn will create fewer injuries throughout the season. Both series are set to be scrapped in 2013.

Although it has yet to be confirmed, it’s expected Monday night games will be turfed to a Sunday afternoon twilight game after mounting pressure from clubs. They claim the Monday night games attract poor attendances and leave them with a shorter turn around before the next weekend. However it is a viable selling space for broadcasters, with the Monday night market claiming a large majority of the top rating games last year - 39 of the top 50 programs on Australian subscription TV last year were Rugby League matches.

Competition Expansion

A key topic within Rugby League circles has been the expansion of the competition with a variety of options at hand. The league is planning to add two new teams by 2015; however it is yet to be decided whether these two teams will compromise of an entirely new franchise, or an existing club being relocated.

The NRL is attempting to take the sport to a national level, similarly to the AFL. Nothing is pushing this idea more, than the expansion of the AFL into Western Sydney and the Gold Coast, two of Leagues stronghold states (NSW and QLD).

An array of locations has been suggested with another Brisbane/Central QLD or Central Coast team most likely to receive approval for the competition. Other areas being looked into include; Sunshine Coast (QLD), Ipswich, Perth, Adelaide, Fiji, Paupa New Guinea and Wellington.

At this stage, relocation seems to be the best option for a variety of Sydney clubs who are struggling to make ends meet. However, NRL CEO David Gallop says it would be better to settle the T.V rights deal, allowing clubs to become financially stable, rather than adding or relocating teams to early.

Grassroots

With a new rugby league headquarters to begin construction soon, all parties in Rugby League are to be brought under one roof. This will align the commission with the NSWRL and CRL, helping to streamline funding and junior development strategies to the areas where it is needed most.

The recent expansion of the AFL into western Sydney (well known as Leagues heartland) has caused a serious stir amongst the ranks of clubs in the west. They fear their once stock piled junior ranks could start to bleed to the Greater Western Sydney team, especially since signing star League player Israel Folau.

Therefor it will be up to the commission to combat this expansion. This will be seen by providing better development programs to schools and community teams in regional areas. A good example is the recent weight-for-age-division style competitions being introduced at school boy level. It allows kids who may not be as big as come of their team-mates, to grow with the game whilst still developing their skills, rather than them leaving the sport because they are to small and getting hurt, something which has always been an issue with parents having their kids playing League. Accessing pathways to state and national competition will be also be clearer with educational opportunities involved.

Conclusion
As you can see, the game is in a very fragile state financially whilst being in a very unique stage politically. Hopefully the introduction of the Independent Commission will free up the business side of things for the game, allowing itself to focus on a goal of expanding and developing youth whilst reaping the benefits financially from the commodification of the new T.V rights deal.

title: User:SamN90/The Introduction of Change


text:
User:Sam irwn

I am a student at University of Canberra studying Business, politics and sport /Australian Government bringing Major Sporting Events and Identities to Australia since 2006; what do we achieve and gain from them?/

title: User:Sam irwn


text:
User:Sam irwn/Bringing major sporting events and identities to Austrlian since 2006

Abstract
Sport is something of a national obsession in Australia. We are passionate and devoted supporters of all sports ranging from Tennis, Rugby Union, and League, basketball to softball, surfing and cricket. Having some of the best athletes and teams in the world competing nationally and international i.e. Mark Webber, Cadel Evans and the Australian men’s hockey team, our nation enjoys hosting such significant events in order to see our athletes and other countries star athletes participating.

That being the case, it is our governments (national, federal and state) who provided the Australian people with an opportunity to be associated with different sports, athletes and events. Since 2006 Australia has had the likes of Tiger Woods, David Beckham and the LA Galaxy, The Commonwealth Games and Michael Schumacher at the Australian Motor Grand Prix eventuate to our shores.

However, being able to attract, host and secure all these Australian sports fans dreams; there is a process in which must be upheld, along with many influential factors. Each event/identity comes with a fee, a fee which the Australian government looks upon, in order to determine whether or not the cost it deemed worthy of. Is it worth Australia paying $3 million dollars to see Tiger Woods play at the Australian Masters Golf?

Introduction
Sport is an iconic feature of Australian society, whether it features in the mist of the professional arena, or simply in the back yard, sport is Australia, and Australia is sport. We as an nation do not just play sport but we support sport even more, from our local Rugby League side to the Socceroos’s, Australia has a large commodity of supporters.

Australia has many different types of professional sports, ranging from cricket and surfing, to hockey and rugby union, a great variety that attracts and interests us all. But, Australia itself attracts different sports and identities to it shores to participate. While we host local competition and events such as NRL, AFL, A League and NBL, we also host and have hosted the likes of many major iconic international sporting events and identities e.g. 2000 Sydney Olympics, 2003 Rugby world Cup and Michael Schumacher.

But how is it that we attract the responsibility and pleasure of being the host nation to such events and athletic stars? The national, federal and state governments; It is these governments that provide our country, our sports fanatics with the opportunity to see and be a part of something they love, appreciate and support. What will be identified and explored are the event/identities that came to Australia from the year 2006 and onwards, as well the process of hosting the events/identities and the positive and negative effects and the gains and losses of these major sporting events/identities. Using these factors along with the likes of tourism and economical value it will be a means of identifying the research that is at state. As a result I will then be able to come to conclusion is it worth bringing major international events and identities Australian shores.

Securing major events/identities (the bidding process)
The initial process to gain these events/identities is through the bidding process. Event/identify bidding is a process of communication between the two main players; the event owner and the event bidder. The owner of the event is known as the entity, this entity can be the like of an international or national sporting organisation, which have possession of the rights to an event and are in search for a host organiser or event to participate in. The event bidder is an entity or organisation that is seeking to secure the rights to host an event or identity.

In relation to the 2006 Commonwealth games, the bidding process included The Australian Commonwealth games association (ACGA) carrying out a national competition among Australian State and Territory Governments to determine which Australian city should be put forward as the Australian candidate to host the 2006 Commonwealth Games. The criteria that was established and used to evaluate the proposals put forward included
 * Capacity for success in gaining the right to host the 2006 Games for Australia
 * Demonstrated ability to successfully host large international multi-sport events
 * Assistance to the Commonwealth Games movement in Australia
 * Provision of new and refurbished sports facilities for Commonwealth Games sports

Upon the approval by the government and ACGA, the successful city, in this case Melbourne would then present their bid to the Commonwealth Games Federation in hope of winning the bid to host the event. Other factors contributing to placing a bid in retrospect to Australian features include displaying out culture, tourist attractions, state of the art facilities, lifestyle and also cash influence. The reason as to why the government will place a bid to secure an event/identity is because of what it will initially bring to Australia e.g. economy boost, tourism and international recognition whilst it also is to provide the nations sporting fans with an opportunity to participate, support and watch childhood hero's or the best in the world.

Tourism factor
One of the major factors in attracting the likes of identities/event is that of the tourism buzz it will cause for Australia. With around 5.6 million international tourists arriving in Australia in 2007, tourism has become Australia’s biggest services export industry. In 2007 international visitors consumed around $23 billion worth of Australian goods and services. Tourism is an $81 billion industry for Australia and employs 464 500 people, 4.6% of total employment.

Tourists bring a boost to the local economy. In particular the local tourist trade, shops / hotels will benefit from the surge in visitor numbers. Tourism is not only international tourist but also local tourist. Due to these events/sports stars people from Australia may travel hours to hosting place generating another source of income towards the local economy. Tourism does not just factor in what the international subjects will provide but the locals as well.

As it can be seen, tourism is a major function towards the survival of Australia, that being the case attracting those big names and events, it will continue to bring people from all over Australia and the world for that matter to one particular city. Take the likes of Tiger Woods coming to Australia in 2009 as a perfect example. Tiger Woods inclusion in the 2009 Australian Masters was expected to boost tourism, create jobs for Victorians and beam Melbourne to millions of people through a worldwide television audience, as the economic benefits would outweigh the signing cost of Woods playing. In total it was thought that Woods would earn the Victorian state $12.54 million in economic benefits, which would offset Woods' $3 million appearance fee.

Positive aspects of hosting events/identities
Higher economic growth, job creation, influx of foreign visitors (tourism) and encouraged enhanced transport and infrastructure are some of the major positive factors. Locally, positive factors include the building of relationships and connection with events and identities, country unity, entertainment, crowd numbers and publicity. All factors construct a great basis as to why bring major sporting events/identities to Australia.

Economic Growth that has occurred from 2006 can be identified by the estimated $1.5 billion dollars revenue from the Commonwealth games, while the Australian Tennis Open continues to increase revenue as it is forecasted to grow to $152 million in 2010, up from $84 million in 2005. This growth put into perspective the amount of revenue a major event such as its self can bring in to the economy.

The likes of preparing for major event and identities especially if the event is a number of years away e.g. the commonwealth games, jobs will be created which will provide a great employment rate boost and opportunity for those unemployed. For the Commonwealth Games, Melbourne's premier sporting ground, the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG), was redeveloped in preparation for the Games. An athlete's village in the inner suburb of Parkville housed approximately 7,000 athletes and support staff during the Games, and has been transformed into commercial housing with a distinctly eco-friendly image. Due to the securing of the games, this outcome expresses the positive nature of governments securing major sporting events.

Other positives that are to come out of louring international events and stars is the connection and relationships that are formed. More recently Tiger Woods has agreed to come back to Australia to play in the 2011 presidents cup golf tournament in Melbourne, this time bringing basketball legend Michael Jordan with him as US presidents cup team assistant captain. What this identifies is that Woods’s appearance in 2009 was a major success and built a relationship which lead to his return with Michael Jordan. While Jordan won’t be playing, his international stardom will attract even more publicity, supporters and income to the event based on his NBA credentials. More examples of relationship and connection gained is the Gold Coast bid for the 2018 Commonwealth Games, after seeing the success it bought Melbourne and David Beckham returning to our shores for a third time to play soccer against Melbourne Victory. Beckham’s first visit

attracted 80,000 fans to ANZ Stadium for the game against Sydney, thrilling the faithful when he scored with a trademark free kick. Seeing that one player can sell out 80,000 seats at ANZ Stadium and having the chance to host the commonwealth game again, it demonstrates the positives nature of securing these major sporting events and personality. Attendance numbers are also another major positive factor as seen by the 2010 Australian Open achieving the highest ever single-day day/night attendance record for any Grand Slam tournament of 77,043 and an overall attendance of 653,860.

Hosting the like of such major events and identities not only generate a relationship but also creates regeneration and produces a feel good factor buzz in society. It is hard to measure the size of buzz, but what is created is a huge uprise in Country pride, unity and excitement. Every time the Australian tennis open is on, all of Australia rally’s and gets behind every Aussie that is participating, willing the players to win for Australia. The inclusion of new surfing event ‘The Australian Open of surfing’ for 2012 in Manly by the NSW Government portrays the positive factor of building relationships, social buzz and national pride. The event will be global, multifaceted youth and sporting event that will showcase the best in surfing, skate, music, fashion and art with an expected spectator audience of 125,000 and is sanctioned by the Association of Surfing Professionals (ASP). The buzz behind it and the support of many different aspects provide that positive vibe of something new and exciting coming to Australia to benefit everyone.

Negative aspects of hosting major events/identities

The major concern behind hosting these events and identities is the cost. What happens if it turns out to be a flop? How is it that you explain that the sporting event failed and you lose money? This is where the debate starts, is it worth the risk of potentially losing millions of dollars for event that isn’t successful and doesn’t offer anything in the near future. In Australia, debate has raged over the future of the Australian Grand Prix at Albert Park following Lord Mayor Robert Doyle’s comment that the race has no future beyond its current contract, which expires in 2015. This comes as an issue after annual losses will soon become around the $70 million mark.

You can understand why the argument to disperse of events that are not bringing in substantial positive income is continually growing stronger. Again Tiger Woods fee to play at the Australian Master cost around $3 million of Victorian tax payers money, a prime example of the cost it takes to securing these likings. Not to mention that David Beckham and the LA Galaxy’s fee has not been disclosed to the knowledge of tax players at present.

It is the tax players that are the ones that tend to support the cost of major sporting events, and continued of this again features the 2006 Commonwealth Games. It was projected that the games cost would be $1 billion Australian (the majority of expenses paid by Victorian taxes payers) but later was found to actually cost for hosting the games $1.144 billion dollars. Still a significant amount of money which lead to the statement by National Party leader Peter Ryan saying that the Labor government should win "gold (medal) for burning money". This is an indication of the thoughts of bring such major events and identities with large sums of taxes payers money.

Another factor that needs to be identifies is whether or not the event/identity will come or take place again or with the infrastructure built for the event, will it be used in the future. While they may bring a buzz for a short period of time, in the long run will it be beneficial for society. Will it attract the same numbers as it did in its inaugural year or first appearance i.e. Australian Grand Prix, or Beckham’s second appearance which attracted only 24,000 people to the Newcastle Jets home ground? These factors must be taking into consideration when making a bid to host and event or sports start celebrity.

Major Sporting Event/identities in Australia since 2006
2006 events and identities:

Melbourne Commonwealth Games,Australian Grand Prix,Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix,Australian Open Tennis Championship,Fernando Alonso, Sydney to Hobart Yatch race

2007 events and identities:

Australian Superbikes World Championship round, Australian Motor GP Grand Prix, Australian Open Tennis Championships, Sydney to Hobart Yacht race, David Beckham, FINA World Aquatics Championships

2008 events and identities:

Australian Open Tennis Championships, Roger Federer, Australian Superbike World Championship round, Australian Grand Prix, Lewis Hamilton, Australian motorcycle Grand Prix, Sydney to Hobart Yacht race, Rugby League World Cup

2009 events and identities:

Tiger Woods,Australian Grand Prix,Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix,Australian Open Tennis Championship, Sydney to Hobart Yacht race, Rally Driving Australia race,Australian Superbike Grand Prix

2010 events and identities

David Beckham, Michael Schumacher, Australian Grand Prix,Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix,Australian Open Tennis Championship, Sydney to Hobart Yacht race, Rally Driving Australia race,Australian Superbike Grand Prix

2011 events and identities:

Lance Armstrong,David Beckham, Tiger Woods, Michael Jordan, Australian Grand Prix,Australian Motorcycle Grand Prix,Australian Open Tennis Championship, Sydney to Hobart Yacht race,Australian Superbike Grand Prix

Conclusion
We know that sport ventures onto Australian shores quiet a lot. We as Australians love sport; it provides us with a sense of unity and enjoyment. The events that the government bring into Australia through the paying of taxes in numbers seem like an issue. However the revenue that it is generating back from these events/identities is too greater to stop them from occurring. Sure there are times when it doesn’t seem worth it, but Australia has a long list of successful event and stars that have come here to participate, show of their talents and entertain us. What we pay for the securing of these high profile events and stars we get back in not just economical growth but in enjoyment, experiencing a once in a life time opportunity, and in some cases a life time of opportunity as Australia keeps hosting and securing. If we didn’t provide ourselves with the chance to invite and be host to some of the biggest stars and events in the world, then where would be today.


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User:Daniel.josifovski

About me... studying Business, politics and sport at the University of Canberra.

Assignments
/Australian Football:The Political Past and the Business Future/

/An Insiders Perspective:The Role of Media play in the Business and Politics of sport in Relations to the National Rugby League/

title: User:Daniel.josifovski


text:
User:Downie/Essay outline

Limited News Involvement is the Best Thing for Rugby League

The National Rugby League looks set to establish an independent commission to run the sport on November 1. Currently co-owned by media giant News Ltd and the Australian Rugby League (ARL), there is substantial criticism over alleged poor governance of the competition. As it stands, the ARL, the New South Wales Rugby League (NSWRL), the Queensland Rugby League (QRL) and the National Rugby League (NRL) all have some say in how the sport is run, making it a complicated and time-consuming process. The independent commission looks to unify the roles and responsibilities relating to the administration of the league which will hopefully bring upon a more efficient and transparent method of decision-making.

News Ltd, in addition to their 50% stake in the game, also own over two-thirds of the Brisbane Broncos and 100% of the Melbourne Storm. This leads to many questions of fairness and a conflict of interest, which will be removed as the new administrators will be independent of the clubs. These issues, such as the Melbourne Storm salary cap drama, again point to poor management which will hopefully be addressed come November 1.

Examples of why News Ltd should no longer be involved as owners of the game:
 * Melbourne Storm salary cap scandal – News Ltd owned team breaking laws of the game for several years, players signing several contracts
 * The recent Manly/Melbourne brawl – both teams fined $50k, Melbourne’s fine paid by News Ltd company to News Ltd company
 * TV broadcast deal and publishing rights – conflict of interest, not enough money going in
 * Will always be a question of fairness when the two News Ltd teams have been two of the most successful in last five years
 * Their departure will result in a more efficient administration structure

title: User:Downie/Essay outline


text:
User talk:Jessica Perkins

 Hello Jessica Perkins, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 00:24, 15 September 2011 (UTC)

Your sandbox edit
It's fine to use the Sandbox as you did, but in case you need that wikitext, here is a permanent link to your edit. If you Edit this permanent link page, you can copy the wikitext. You can also create your own Sandbox, which would normally be undisturbed, just edit User:Jessica Perkins/Sandbox! Let me know if I can be of any assistance, at User talk:Abd. --Abd 00:24, 15 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jessica Perkins


text:
User:Jessica Perkins

Hi my name is Jessica Perkins and I am currently studying a double degree in Tourism Management and Sports Management at the University of Canberra. As part of the unit Business, Politics and Sport we are required to write and essay for The Journal of Sport and Exercise Studies. I have chosen to focus on the Olympic Games as my topic.

/The Olympic Games as a Political Driver and its Impacts on the Australian Sports System/

/The Olympic Games as a Political Driver and its Impacts on the Australian Sports System Presentation/

title: User:Jessica Perkins


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User:U3025323/The Evolution of Alcohol and Tobacco Sport Sponsorship Agreements/BPS2011ESSAY/The Evolution of Alcohol and Tobacco Sport Sponsorship Agreements

This article aims to provide a history of the evolution of alcohol and tobacco sport sponsorship agreements in Australia, including a comparison to other nations dating back to the 1960’s. It will begin with an outline of the commodification of sport, both at a national and international level, followed by a discussion on how Australian sport, as a product, differs from that of other countries. There is a vast difference in the advertising legislation that governs alcohol and tobacco, whilst tobacco advertising at Australian sporting events has been banned for nearly two decades under the Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act 1992, alcohol sponsorship is only monitored under the Alcoholic Beverages Advertising Code (ABAC). This raises some interesting issues in that the ABAC is a voluntary code with limited government representation and has no means of enforcing penalties for non-compliance. This has allowed advertising by alcohol companies at sporting events to continue. Consumer attitudes towards alcohol advertising and sponsorship are, however, changing with many surveys being undertaken to establish whether or not tougher legislative laws should be introduced to bring it more in line with tobacco legislative laws. Issues that had been identified concerning alcohol advertising are closely related to those of tobacco advertising with the two most common being the connection between the product and disease (physical and mental) and the penetration of the

Commodification of Sport
Today, more so than ever, sport and sporting events are being shaped by the commercial needs of businesses and government. This trend, whereby sport has been turned into a commodity, is reflected in the practice of naming rights for stadiums and arenas, logos on athletes’ clothing, equipment, facility billboards and in the titles given to sporting events. The infinite amount of money that media companies are willing to pay to secure broadcasting rights contributes to the increase in the commercial value of such events. Often broadcasting of large events is considered prime time and advertisers will pay large amounts of money to secure these spots. Thirty seconds of prime time during the American Superbowl can cost upwards of $3 million. The commodification of sport affects all aspects of the industry, from amateur sports to professional sports, and has had a major impact on sport sponsorship agreements. Young, T.R. 1986. ‘The Sociology of Sport: Structural Marxist and Cultural Marxist Approaches’ Sociological Perspectives, Vol 29, No 1, pp 3-28 University of California Press Slack, T. The Commercialisation of Sport. 2004. New York: Routledge

Conclusion
/UCNISS/BPS2011/


text: User:Gus gardiner/The business and politics in making cheerleading an official sport: Presentation


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User:Daniel.josifovski/Australian Football:The Political Past and the Business Future

Over the past 30 years, Australian Football (also known as soccer) has had tried and failed numerous times to establish itself in the Australian sporting market. Political unrest within the administration and influence of ethnic identities have brought the game to ruins. It has seen many administrative changes and the demise of the former National Soccer League. After a government inquiry to the re branding of  football in Australia, the sport has seen dramatic changes such a new administration running the game, the introduction of the new A – League,and reduced ethnic involvement in the professional competition. Since these changes, Australian Football has been on the rise, with the country’s top male football team qualifying for the past two FIFA World Cups and the game is in a much healthy state than it was in the past.

This paper will discuss the changes that Australian Football has been going through over the past 30 years. The paper looks at how football became associated with ethnic tension which gave the game a bad image. Ethnic tensions grabbed political reactions in Australia and a need for change in the sport will be highlighted.The restructure of governance within the administration of football in Australia - from a political and business perspective that aimed to ensure that “the world game”  would succeeds in Australia not only on national scale but an international scale are the major changes that will be discussed. From such changes Australia has positioned itself of the world football map which brings this paper to conclude considering the future of football in Australia.

Football (also known as soccer) in Australia
Australia is one of few countries across the world that is well represented in four football codes. It may be the only country in the world that successfully operates four full professional leagues and development systems (Danforth, 2001). Of these four systems, Australian Football, also known as the AFL is the number one rating code in terms of revenue and spectators. Then follows Rugby League and Rugby Union, and lastly soccer also known as football. Football in Australia occupies a paradoxical position, where it is the highest rated code for participation, but the fourth rated code in terms of revenue and spectators (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008).

The failure of Soccer:The National Soccer League 1977 - 2004
In 1977, The National Soccer League (NSL) was formed at time when Australian politics was embracing 'multiculturalism' (Danforth, 2001). The NSL operated for over 28 seasons, and featured over 40 teams during its time, it was one of the first national premiership competitions of any sporting code in Australia (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008).

However, during its tenure the NSL combated a number issues that made it difficult for soccer to develop at an elite level. Issues such as failure to retain or attract high quality players to the league, tension between clubs and supporters stemming from ‘traditional’ European political, racial and cultural conflicts, financial instability and poor senior management were all reported in the sporting and business sections of the Australian media (Hay 2006).

Ethnic Tension
Post the Second World War saw the arrival of Eastern European migrants to Australia. It was evident from their arrival that football was their sport of choice, as most of them came from countries where football was the way of life (Hay 2006). These migrants contributed to the expansion of football within Australia from a domestic to a national level. Many of the teams formed in the NSL in 1977 were formed by ethnic backed nationalities such as Italians, Greeks, Croatians, Serbains, Macedonians, Poles, Dutch, Germans and Maltese (Mosley,1995).

While it found by Danforth 2001 these new migrants pioneered football in Australia, they also contributed to ethnic tensions to affect the image and development of the game. The marginalised position in Australian society at that time, also lead to the marginalization of the game, with football commonly being labelled ‘wogball’ - a racist slur originating from white English speaking Australians, referring to the Eastern European interests in the game Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008.

According to Mosely (1995) much of the ethnic tension, was seen within the Balkan nationalities such as the Croatians, Serbians and Macedonians, along with the Greeks. Due to the political conflict in their homeland countries, many of these ethnic football followers brought violence to Australian football matches on a local and national scale which hindered the sport nationwide (Hughson 2001). Rival supporters sought to provoke one another with flags, chants, insulting songs and verbal abuse which at times escalated to physical violence.

The ethnic tension in football received negative publicity and the media warned the public to stay away from football (Hughson 2001). Violence at NSL matches helped the media stereotype people with interest in the game, and established a form of institutionalised discrimination that reinforced attitudes hostile to the acceptance of multiculturalism in Australia. Given the ethic component in football, the acceptance of multiculturalism was seen to be ruining sport in Australia. Backlash from the Australian Government, especially from the Victorian State Government in 1990 (Hughson 2001), and the loss of spectators forced the NSL to ‘de- ethnicise’ the league to avoid further scrutiny and to make more 'mainstream'. This was not an easy process, as the founders of all the clubs in NSL were passionate about their cultural heritage and football was one of their ways to express it (Rosenberg, 2009).

The process of ‘de ethnicising’ the league involved clubs being required to remove all symbols such as flags and names that represented a nationality or ethnicity. It was apparent that such requirements provoked indignation from clubs and the whole football community in Australia (Rosenberg, 2009).Ethnic supporters were still following their teams. National flags and ethnic chants were still apparent at matches, which continued the tension between spectators. The media coverage of the NSL remained low and when it did receive any coverage it was scrutinised for its failure on addressing the problems. According to Hughson 2001 p.41 "...that all commercial television coverage of crowd misbehaviour at soccer matches is reducible to the aphoristic assumption that “the wogs are at it again”. The corporate and consumer attractiveness of NSL suffered. From this, crowds kept away and the professional side of football was limited.

Business Failure: The influence of the Government
Put aside the ethnic tension, it was clear that the efforts of NSL and Soccer Australia, that the running of soccer in Australia needed a change. In 2003, a federal government enquiry produced The Crawford Report 2003 that called for a complete overhaul of the governance of Association of Football at all levels across Australia and also includuded the dissolution of the NSL in 2004 (Rosenberg, 2009).

The structure of Soccer Australia was represented by mixed bodies, which didn’t really represent the country as a whole. In The Crawford Report 2003 it was recommended that the representation structure of members of Soccer Australia was a mixture of each state bodies and special interest groups rather than people with a particular interest. From this recommendation the national and state bodies would have dual responsibilities which would include the development of the elite component of the code as well as its grassroots development of the game. As this simplified roles it was hoped that it would reduce duplication services and simplify the governance structure to assist teams in NSL (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008).

As the NSL and Soccer Australia were operating under the same body,The Crawford Report 2003 p.14 believed that ‘ The NSL has a better chance of success if is allowed to operate as a standalone body...however, because Soccer Australia responsibility for the wellbeing and development of the game at national and international level, there is potential for overlap between the objectives of Soccer Australia and a standalone NSL in Australia.’ It was recommended The Crawford Report 2003 that Soccer Australia establish a separate NSL operating under a different license for three main reasons (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008).

1.	A separate board would be more responsive to the needs of the professional game

2.	The professional side of the sport required board members with a different skill set

3.	Soccer Australia would be shielded from any potential NSL shortfall

The majority of the these new reforms and recommendation by the The Crawford Report 2003 had been implemented by the National and State Football Associations. The threat of withholding of funding by the Australian Sports Commission to Soccer Australia ensured that associations did not resist to the reforms (Rosenberg, 2009).. The restructuring of the governance with Soccer Australia has led to a more democratic approach where groups who were not previously represented ( e.g referees, women’s players ) have been given much more authority in decision making. Such restructuring of the governance led to the entire resignations of Soccer Australia board members which were replaced with a board led by Frank Lowy – ‘Australia’s second wealthiest man with a sharp business acumen and unbridled passion and enthusiasm for the code‘ (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008 p.400) and John O’Neill – a former banker and former head of Australia Rugby Union.

According to Rosenberg, 2009 Lowy and O’Neill’s first major change in the sport was the official renaming of soccer to ‘football’. The sport’s governing body Soccer Australia had its name changed to the Football Federation of Australia (FFA). Lowy and O’Neill’s management team felt that Australia was now mature enough to claim the rightful name of football and it was important to make this symbolic change to bring the world game in Australia and in line with the rest of the football world (Rosenberg, 2009).

The new management team of FFA was very much all about re-branding the game in Australia. It was apparent that FFA had a practical corporate and business mindset into changing national league (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008 p.400). An eight team format was introduced with strict guidelines to become considered for the new league. Reasons for small number of teams was to concentrate on the available talent to raise the standars, re-frame to a corporate rather than a 'political' identity and to have a short domestic season so leading teams could take part in the World Club Championship and the Asian Champions League (Hallinan et al, 2007). The FFA proposed to ensure stability of the league that franchises who expressed interested would be able to show that it had $ 5 million dollars in captial to be considered for a licence. It appeared that most of the former NSL clubs could not meet the $5 million dollar licence to compete in the league and many of the ethnic backed NSL clubs were poised to play in the countries respective state leagues (Rosenberg, 2009).

The Beginning of Football and Business: The A- League

On the 26th of August 2005, a new era had began in Australian Football. A new national league was born and it appeared that the ‘new football’ was staying far away as possible from the ‘old soccer’. After the old NSL saw 46 teams come and go and $500 million in capital disappear, it was the FFA's imperative to get away from the  old dugout of the NSL (Football Australia, 2011).

At the start of the inaugural A- League season a $3 million dollar TV advertising campaign was launched. It clear that the A-League was rebranding itself with a theme of ‘Football, but not as you know it’, a strategy clear at aimed at reducing the historical ethnic associations attached to soccer (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008). The slogan that was used by the A- League replicated that of the English Premier League more than a decade when it established itself to be ‘ a whole new ball game ‘.

The new management team of the FFA and A- League were clearly influential into the excessive amount of interest this new league was bringing to the country. The A- League attracted a number of corporate sponsors with car company Hyundai securing the major sponsorship of the league and also signing an exclusive deal with Fox Sports to air all A- League matches live (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008).

The league itself started off with a bang with a number of high profile players such as Dwight Yorke ( former Manchester United player ) playing their trade in Australia (Football Australia, 2011). It was evident that the new league was a step up of the old NSL as the average attendance of 11,420 in its first season was significantly greater than the NSL final season of 4,119 (Ultimate A-League Statistics, 2011).

Now into its 7th season the A – League has grown into the Australian sporting culture. The league has recently been boosted by the signing of Australian superstars Brett Emerton and Harry Kewell for the 2011/2012 season with respective teams Sydney FC and the Melbourne Victory. The calibre of such players highlights how far the A-League has come of the years and with their signings boosting the profile of football in Australia (The FA Daily, 2011).

The Future of the 'World Game' in Australia

Once the FFA was formed it established three objectives into rebranding the game for the future (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008). These being:

1.	The Establishment of a new professional league

2.	Help the Australian National Team qualify for the 2006 FIFA World Cup

3.	Reposition Australia from being represented in Oceania and move to Asia.

In 2005, the Australian National Team qualified for the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Even though it was still under the old qualification process, the FFA’s practices in preparation for the qualifiers were imperative and were apart of the successful process. Since the qualification for the 2006 World Cup the profile of football was on a rise. Participation levels of the sport were on the rise, more interest into the A-League and demand for more Australian National Team matches were all some of the highlights that football received (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008). Since then Australia qualified again for the 2010 FIFA World Cup.

It was highlighted by Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008 that in 2006 the FFA was re positioning from competing in Oceania to Asia.The whole purposes of the move was to allow the national team play more competitive teams and a much fairer qualification process to the World Cup and allow the top A-League teams compete in the Asian Champions League ( equivalent of the European Champions League ). Initially Australia was rejected to move into Asia, however after several meetings with FFA and Asian Football Confederation ( AFC) it was confirmed that Australia were switching from competing in Oceania to Asia. The FFA convinced the AFC that the move would be a commercial success but would make the region stronger and provide the AFC with greater political influence within FIFA.

With the combination of the success of the A –League, World Cup qualification and the shift to Asia has a greater commercial interest in football in Australia. This became evident were the FFA struck a $120 million dollar deal with Fox Sports. The deal included exclusive rights to all A-League fixtures, every Socceroos matches and 98 games across the Asian region. Even though these figures are distance from the other three football codes in Australia and other national football leagues worldwide such as the English Premier League. It has positions football into the mainstream of Australia sport in terms of income and exposure of a home grown product. (Skinner, Zakus & Edwards, 2008).

Conclusion
In conclusion of this paper it is evident that ‘football’ also known as soccer has had its ups and downs in Australian sport history. Over the years, Australian Football was plagued with a number of issues that it made difficult for it to develop at an elite level. Issues such as tension between clubs and supporters stemming from ‘traditional’ European political, racial and cultural conflicts, financial instability and poor senior management were all reported in the sporting and business sections of the Australian media. This led to a government enquiry into the overhaul of what was known then as soccer.

After the governments inquiry to overall football in Australia, The Crawford Report 2003 was released to reform the sport. The Crawford Report 2003 recommended a number of  governance changes that would benefit the sport. Australia was given new hope when the newly form management team led by Frank Lowy and John O’ Neill were elected to reposition the game in Australia. Since the change in management, football in Australia has taken away the political unrest within the sport , and reduced historical ethnic associations with football to revitalise the game. The introduction of the A – League, qualification into the past two World Cups and the move into Asia have evolved football into a business that has attracted corporate support. This ongoing success that football in Australia is having will only continue to grow the sport and one day hope to position itself as the leading football code in the country.


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User:Jhasslinger/saved code

Link Code

title: User:Jhasslinger/saved code


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User:Jhasslinger/saved code/links

Links to Class pages:
 * Class Book
 * Enes 100
 * G.E. Projects
 * G.E. Project Forms
 * Teachers Grp page (Learning)|

Links to Wiki Main pages:
 * Wiki-Books
 * Wiki-Media
 * Wiki-Pedia
 * Wiki-Versity
 * Pics/Vids Upload
 * Text upload

Link to User Pages within wiki pages:
 * User Books
 * User Media
 * User Pedia
 * User Versity

title: User:Jhasslinger/saved code/links


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User:Jhasslinger/enes100/Ham

Team Page: BH^2

Problem statement
Work on creating a simple radio transmitter and a data base of information

Work in progress...

Task1
Get in contact with the team and talk about ideas of what we are going to be doing. Also setup team and individual project pages

Compare actual work done to Task1

 * Individual page and team page created.
 * Contacted team but there was uncertainty on the focus of the project.

Week1 Narrative
At the end of class (09/14/11) our team got together and talked about the project. One of our teammate had to leave class early. Talking with Rhea, we both liked the idea of working on creating a way to increase the range of a wireless router. However we were not sure on this idea because we wanted to check with our other teammate. Through emails with the team we gave a back round of ourselves and worked on setting up the wiki pages.

On monday the 19th our team meet up in class and got our project worked out. we each had our own task for the week. My was to get some information on the overall science of HAM.

 * Work in progress***

www.crystalradio.net/crystalplans/index.shtml

Week1 Peer Review
Jon is definitely critical to our success in this project. He is researching the reason why the radio should work or not. The research he has done has allowed us to set reasonable goals. When he was absent the team adjusted, but his presence was definitely missed. Fab4187 02:21, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

Assign Task2
Do some more research on foxhole radios. start coming up with a part list and find places to get material/order.

Compare actual work done to Task2

 * Researched Radios and HAM
 * Started building a foxhole radio
 * Disassembled a two way radio
 * Volunteered and participated for setup duty for HAM fest
 * Went to HAM fest

Week2 Narrative
There was a lot of work done this week:

Foxhole Radio

 * So this week I started off looking for information on what a foxhole radio (FHR) is and how it works. I found two great sites which are logged in this gdoc: FHR sites. From here i went and collected the materials needed to build a FHR. All of the materials used were found around my house.

List of Materials(Picture to the right):
 * 1 Razor Blade
 * 2 Large Safety Pin/ Paper clip
 * 3 #2 pencil]
 * 4 Toilet paper roll, cardboard only
 * 5 Wire
 * 6 Thumb tacks
 * 7 Wooden base
 * This was a fun little project to start working on. I have a few razor blades in the picture of the materials to test to see if there is any difference after i get it working. I started with the standard rectangle blade. However, I only got 50 percent done. This link shows the progress made:FHR 50% progress. Unfortuntely there hasn't been time to get back to it and i plan to finish it and test it during week three.

Disassembled a Walkie talkie

 * Wednesday i brought two radio shack walkie talkies in to class so that our group could take them apart and look at the circuitry. We got them apart and took some pictures(Pictures can be seen below). Next we used two of the power supplies to attempt to get them to communicate with one another. We got one working and was hearing feed back from it. However while i was hooking up the other walkie talkie i put to much current through it and ended up blowing a capacitor in it. Our work ended with that.

Carafest

 * CaraFest was a great experience. It was held at the Howard county fair grounds by the Columbia HAM club. My team mate set this event in motion for us and got in contact with Dave Prestal (VP of columbiaARA(Cara)). We ended up going to the fairgrounds on Friday and Saturday to help setup. Friday we laid out a grid in the parking lot for HAM users to come and tailgate. After we finished, Dave came over and talked to us for a few. He was very helpful. He gave us a run down of what CARA does and how it uses HAM around Maryland. I learned that HAM is the back up emergency system if the state emergency system goes down for any reason. They have multiple repeater sites in the area. Dave mentioned the possibility of getting a tour of one of these sites sometime. He also told us about the different levels of HAM certifications. Dave has been a great help, he plans to donate some old equipment and study materials for individuals to study up for the HAM test. Felix and i ended with inviting him to come and talk to the engineering club one wednesday.

 * On Sunday i went up to the fairgrounds to see what carafest offered. I got there and meet up with Dave and he pushed me off to go take the test. I took the test but failed. The test consisted of 35 multiple choice questions. The questions were based on FCC regulations and rules, circuitry and theory of radio systems. I plan to study some and retake the test later this month. After the test i went around the grounds and saw what was going on. Come to find out that most of carafest were people coming and selling equipment, circuit components, routers and other misc things. There weren't any active systems there which was a little disappointing. Overall it was a great learning experience.

Assign Task3

 * Finish work on Foxhole radio
 * Attempt to get Foxhole radio working
 * Work with group to setup time for Dave Prestal to come in to talk to the engineering club
 * Get equipment and HAM study material from Dave(W/Th)
 * Upload Ham documents and put guide together on wiki
 * Study for HAM test (Test 10/15/11)

Compare actual work done to Task3

 * Finished Foxhole Radio(FHR)
 * Collected prices and locations of parts
 * Did some trail runs with FHR
 * Got HAM equipment from Dave on Sunday
 * Looked over HAM material to get a general idea of material

Week3 Narrative
This week in class we did another presentation. My team mates went over the goals we plan to get done in the upcoming weeks such as building a transceiver and some of the issues we are having with moving forward on this idea. I discussed the work that I have been doing on the foxhole radio. I pulled up the picture of my 50 percent complete foxhole radio and discussed what each component of the radio was.

Foxhole Radio

This weekend I worked on my foxhole radio some more. I finished hooking up the rest of the parts to what I had done in the previous week. Here are two pictures of the finished FHR:. As you can see I added the speaker and antenna to the circuit. I ran a wire off the side so that I could hook it up to a ground of choice. Once it was all setup I hooked the ground up to my copper pipes in my basement and ran the antenna out my basement window. Then I moved the pencil over the razor blade to try and get a radio reception. However my radio failed to pick up anything. This week (week4) I plan on trying some of the troubleshooting ideas and mods that other people have done to get theirs working (FHR sites doc week 3). Some of the ideas include;

 * Heating the razor blade up using a touch. This is known as bluing which in the industry is a way to protect from rust. It also oxides the blade which helps with picking up a radio signal
 * Adding a battery/power source to the circuit to increase the volume

Price and locations of parts for FHR
 * Inductor coil – Set of 3, Magnet wire 22g, 24g and 30g wire
 * Price: $7.39
 * Location: Radio Shack
 * Antenna – I used some old 25 foot Ethernet cable
 * Price: $18.57
 * Location: Radio Shack
 * Push pins (100 count)
 * Price: $6.49
 * Location: Wal-Mart
 * Paper Clips (100 count)
 * Price: $8.49
 * Location: Wal-Mart
 * Razor blades (10 count)
 * Price: $15.48
 * Location: Wal-Mart
 * 2 Pencils (12 count)
 * Price: $5.47
 * Location: Wal-Mart
 * Speaker/ Ear piece- this was a tough one to find. All searches for small speakers came up with shelf systems and car speakers. Need to find a component speaker

HAM with Dave Prestal

This past Sunday I finally got over to Dave’s house to pick up some equipment that he is donating to us to work with. He gave us a bunch of boxes with a random assortment of things. Some things he donated were a temperature controlled solder, random cables for radio equipment and some kits and components used in radios. There is a lot more in those boxes that I plan to go through with my team this week.

Also he gave us the following study materials and some power point presentations to help with studying for the HAM technician test. The power point presentations start off with a review of material and then have test questions on the material. The following are the documents:

Last thing I did this week was talk to Dave about coming in and speaking to the engineering club. He also is in contact with one of the engineers that worked on the mercury probe mission and we plan to work out a time that he can come in and speak too.

Assign Task4

 * Work on troubleshooting FHR to get it working. Try the mods that have been suggested from other FHR websites.
 * Go through equipment that Dave donated with the team
 * Start working on putting a transceiver together using some of the schematics that Rhea found online
 * Finish up project team page

Compare actual work done to Task4

 * Failed to get time to work on Foxhole radio. Will make a task for week 1 of new project term
 * Brought equipment in to school. Went through a little of the stuff with team mates
 * Finished project done page

Week4 Narrative
This week was light compared to past weeks work. During class on Wednesday the 12th, I brought the donated equipment from Dave Prestal to school. I got the group to help carry in the boxes. We went through some of the boxes and plan to go through and organize the equipment in the upcoming weeks. I also emailed Dave again to update him of the changes to the speaker times and to get him to comment to come in and speak to the class/Eng. Club.

The majority of the time went to finishing off the team done page. I worked on creating the poster which can be seen to the right: I used auto cad to create the HAM symbol image. This was a simple task. Next I worked on creating the Foxhole radio tutorial. Below are the written documents and schematics i created and some external references to help future HAM projects. These will also be posted on the team done pape with external links so that in the event my personal page gets deleted it will still be documented. Foxhole radio Tutorial document links:
 * Manual to construct a Foxhole Radio

Also I copied the links of the Technician study guides to the tutorial list.

Unfortunately I didn't have any time to work on my Foxhole radio this week. I plan to get it working in the next few weeks. I need to find a good ground.

Start Next Project Week0 activities
Continue with HAM project

title: User:Jhasslinger/enes100/Ham


text:
User:Bbandersutk

EGM6321 Fall 2011 Team3

title: User:Bbandersutk


text:
HAM/Howard Community College

 * /Fall 2011/

title: HAM/Howard Community College


text:
HAM/Howard Community College/Fall 2011

This section is for team pages doing the HAM project
 * /550_BH^2/
 * /501_Veteran_Bacon/
 * /550_BH^2_V2/

title: HAM/Howard Community College/Fall 2011


text:
Engineering Projects/FanWing/Howard Community College

Howard Community College is starting this project in the fall of 2011.
 * /Fall2011/
 * /Spring 2012/


text:
User:U3025354/Business and Politics of South African Rugby Union

Outline
Politics in South Africa have continually had a heavy influence on sport and throughout the professional age of rugby this has been evident. South African history is littered with racial tension and accordingly strategies have been implemented in an attempt to resolve these issues. Throughout the early professional period in the 90s and early 2000s ‘coloured player quotas’ were placed across the board in sporting teams. However, in recent years the question has been raised as to why these are still in place? From a sporting perspective the key question that arises is that of why one athlete deserves an opportunity due to a ‘quota’ at the expense of an athlete loosing an opportunity he may well have earned? In Late 2010, Oregan Hoskin, the president of the South African Rugby Union stated in a press conference that quotas no longer applied to the Currie Cup competition, although it was urged that provinces took serious consideration, in order to support the union’s broader transformation objectives. It soon came to light that the primary sponsor of the competition was unhappy with the coloured representation in Currie Cup matches, and furthermore it became evident that Hoskin had made this fact known to the provinces. This example presents a very delicate situation with a wide range of factors that must be considered and these will be explored and analysed throughout this paper.


text: Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Needs/Neurotransmitters and hormones


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HAM/Howard Community College/Fall 2011/550 BH^2

Problem Statement
Construct a transceiver from off-the-shelf parts to communicate with local HAM stations. Construct a foxhole radio.

Team Members

 * FAB
 * RH
 * JH

Summary
Weekly Reports

The goal of this project was to build a radio transceiver either from electronic parts purchased at a electronic store or using a kit that could be purchased from e-retailers. Due to issues with importing electronics from outside the U.S., we instead chose to start at the basics of HAM radio and build a Foxhole Radio (FHR), a simple crystal radio that receives only but demonstrates the basic theory of radio design.

Story
Initially, John and Rhea had chosen the project as they wanted to modify a router's software and/or antenna to boost the signal range to create a super wifi hotspot. After discussing this over with FAB, the group decided to instead focus on building a transceiver. Each team member was assigned a different task for the weekend. These tasks included: research the science behind radios and radio waves, look for schematics, designs, or instructions on how to build a transceiver, and/or to research antenna design and theory.

Through our research we found out that in order to broadcast, we needed a member to have a FCC Technician license. We found information about what information we should know before taking the exam along with several practice tests. Attempting to build a radio transceiver from scratch proved ineffective as there was not a local store (Radio Shack) that sold the parts we would need but we did look into the possibility of purchasing kits from out of country. FAB discovered that the Columbia Amateur Radio Association (CARA) would be holding CARAfest which provided us with the opportunity to meet HAM radio operators, learn more about the history of HAM, real-world applications of HAM, and the general culture.

On the first weekend of October our group volunteered to help with setting up CARAfest. On Friday, FAB and John went to the Howard country fair grounds to help set up tables and mark off the parking lot with marked areas for people to setup stands. While there Dave Prestal, VP of CARA, gave a overview of what HAM is and what CARA does in the state of Maryland. He had a load of information that he gave to us. On Sunday the CARAfest was held. Our group went up and saw what was going on. There was free testing for one to try and get one of three licenses needed to start transmitting any signals. CARAfest was different then what we thought it may of been. While there were a lot of HAM members there walking around and all, all the stands that where setup were vendors. They sold everything, including components, cables, routers, tools, old equipment, antennas and other things that are used to run a HAM system.

In week 2, John brought in a pair of walkie talkies that we disassembled to learn about the circuitry and design. The disassembly was fairly simple and we attempted to boost the power by cutting the wires leading to the battery and connecting the leads to a external power source. On the first unit, this seemed to work after dialing in the voltage and current and we were able to hear static coming from the speaker, a good sign. While doing the same with the second unit using a second power supply, either too much voltage or current resulting in a loud popping noise which fried the unit. Before that, we were able to hear breaks in the static on the first unit when the second was transmitting. While John's voice did not come out of the first unit, we were able to transmit weakly with the second unit prior to it's death.

With links to a video on building a FHR and a PDF with a little more detail on constructing one, John built one himself out of everyday parts that one could find. The build was straight-forward but John was unable to get the unit to receive clearly which he believed to be the result of improper grounding. While we did not have the unit available to present to the class that week, we did present the findings we had made in regards to radio theory, design, and some photos of the FHR in progress.

Decision List
We used a decision tree to assist us in making decision on key points during project development. The file consists of six pages that highlight key decision points during our project development. Click below to view decision tree:

 * Week 1
 * Our group decided to focus on building a transceiver instead of working on trying to boost the range of a wireless router. We did not decide on the frequency range of the transceiver, because there was more research that we had to do.
 * Our group elected to build a dipole antenna instead of an inverted V. With the limited amount of time and resources, plus the complexity of the design of the inverted V, we decided to build the dipole antenna.

 * Week 2
 * Our team chose to build a transceiver only and drop the antenna portion of the project because of the complexity of the theory behind antenna design. The building of an antenna will be addressed if time permits.
 * FCC restrictions forced us to pursue amateur radio licensing. We would not be able to test the radio by transmitting without a valid license.  We considered building a Faraday cage, but we decided to go with the license in case we wanted to field test the radio.  The Faraday cage or a "dummy load" on the antenna would only work in a lab environment.
 * We also elected to build a Foxhole radio while we resolved the licensing issues.
 * After getting in contact with Columbia Amateur Radio Association (CARA) it was decided that our group would go and help with the CARAfest event hosted at the Howard country fair grounds. We were hoping to benefit from meeting club members.  It turned out that this was a good idea because many of CARA's members are engineers.

 * Week 3
 * We elected to build a radio that works in the 30MHz range. Our decision is based on FCC restrictions and antenna design.  To transmit in the 30MHz range all that is needed is a technician class license.  The antenna design is is simpler also.
 * Who was going to pick up the equipment from Dave Prestal? Team member JH volunteered to pick the gear and store it bring it to the engineering classroom.
 * We decided to present often. We were leaving too many points on the table.  After this week this has become an important part of our daily discussions.

 * Week 4
 * Decided to continue with the HAM project. Request made to instructor to keep same team members.
 * We worked out a schedule to edit the team page.

Material List
Price and locations of parts for Foxhole Radio
 * Inductor coil – Set of 3, Magnet wire 22g, 24g and 30g wire
 * Price: $7.39
 * Location: Radio Shack
 * Antenna – I used some old 25 foot Ethernet cable
 * Price: $18.57
 * Location: Radio Shack
 * Push pins (100 count)
 * Price: $6.49
 * Location: Wal-Mart
 * Paper Clips (100 count)
 * Price: $8.49
 * Location: Wal-Mart
 * Razor blades (10 count)
 * Price: $15.48
 * Location: Wal-Mart
 * 2 Pencils (12 count)
 * Price: $5.47
 * Location: Wal-Mart
 * Left over toilet paper roll(cardboard portion)
 * Price - Varies depending on store and brand
 * Location any general store/grocery store
 * Holding board (piece of wood or hard cardboard)
 * Speaker/ Ear piece- this was a tough one to find. All searches for small speakers came up with shelf systems and car speakers. Need to find a component speaker

Software List
Our team used Microsoft's Office Suite for word processing, spreadsheets creation, and and word processing. In addition to basic document management creation one JH is receiving training on the following AutoCad products:

 * AutoCad Architecture Student Version
 * Autodesk 123D (Schematic)

Our team expects to benefit from this training next cycle. Our plan is to use AutoCad to create drawings that accurately represent our designs.

Time
Click on the icon to view a document that shows the amount of time invested by each team member. The times were pulled directly from each team member's personal logbook.

Tutorials
Foxhole radio Tutorial document links:
 * Manual to construct a Foxhole Radio
 * External Foxhole Radio sites
 * Finished FHR

Study Information for HAM test

Here are some files that Dave Prestal (VP of CARA) donated to the project to help study for the technician test. Going through these slide will help prepare one for the HAM test

Next Steps
Our team succeeded in developing a tutorial for anyone interested in testing for the FCC's technician class amateur radio test. The tutorial along with the pool of questions available from the Amateur Radio Relay League should be enough to successfully pass the technician license exam. Having a licensed team member is crucial during the testing phase of any radio design.

Our team successfully designed and built a foxhole radio (FHR) during this project cycle. The tutorial for the radio design can be found in the tutorial section. Groups desiring to build a FHR should use our tutorial and the websites we referenced in our individual pages.


text:
User talk:Sebmol/Archive/2011-III

Username change request
Hello Sebmol, I have a very minor username change request. I convinced a friend of mine who is a curator at a museum to create a Wikiversity account and try editing an article. He created the account User:Dr.salticid earlier today, but would like it changed to User:Dr.Salticid (with a capital S). Unfortunately, he couldn't just create a new account with the different capitalization because MediaWiki complained that it was too similar to the existing account. I'm making the request on his behalf since he is a total newbie and already feels a bit put off by the difficult user interface of MediaWiki. I'm afraid making him jump through more hoops will leave him with a totally bad experience. I know this is unorthodoxed, but considering the circumstances and the very minor nature of the change, I hope it is acceptable. Thanks for your help! Kaldari 20:41, 31 August 2011 (UTC)
 * This should go on the user rename page. To save time, I'm going to place this on the renaming page, and recommend that it be done, based on your support and confirmation. If Sebmol responds directly, great. I'll ask him if he can handle the lined-up requests as mentioned above. If not, I intend to ask a steward to support Wikiversity, it seems we are short of 'crats with the time to handle routine requests. --Abd 21:53, 31 August 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sebmol/Archive/2011-III


text:
User:Ahmed Almrhoon

--Ahmed Almrhoon (talk) 13:29, 1 May 2012 (UTC)أنا أحمد المرهون ادرس في كليه الرياضه في جامعه كانبرا - أستراليا و موضعي هو عن السباحه السعوديه وتأثيرها على السياح

I'm Ahmed Almrhoon from Saudia Aribia I doing m 1] الهدف العام للمركز:
 * نشر قواعد ومبادئ لعبة السباحة وفق أنظمة الإتحاد الدولي
 * تنظيم المسابقات والبطولات الداخلية
 * إعداد المنتخبات الوطنية

[2] الأهداف الخاصة للمركز: 1 – المركز هو مشروع تعاون بين الإتحاد العربي السعودي للسباحة ومدارس الأندلس الأهلية0 2 – يقوم المركز على نشر رياضة السباحة. 3 – تعليم أصول وقواعد السباحة للنشأ من

Heading text
سن 6 إلي 12 سنة 4 – توفير البيئة المناسبة لتشجيع الفرق الخاصة بالتدريب وتطوير المهارات لرياضة السباحة حتي سن 18 سنة

(3) مكان المركز:

مسبح مدارس الأندلس الأهلية بحي الزهراء بمحافظة جدة وتكون بواقع ( 4 ) أيام في الأسبوع من السبت إلي الثلاثاء ويستمر المركز طوال العام وفقا لجدول دورات التعليم وبرامج المدربين المشاركين

(4) نشاط تعليم السباحة:
 * يقوم المركز بجدولة دورات لتعليم السباحة على امتداد العام ومدة كل دورة 12 ساعة على امتداد(3) أسابيع
 * تحدد الفئة العمرية للمشاركين من 6 سنوات إلي 12 سنة
 * يتم تطبيق البرنامج الفني لتعليم السباحة ( 3 مستويات ) والذي وضع من قبل الإتحاد العربي السعودي للسباحة
 * عدد المشاركين بكل دورة لايقل عن ( 8 ) ولا يزيد عن (12 )
 * عند نهاية الدورة يحدد موعد يتم الإعلان عنه لعمل إختبار إجتياز المستوى
 * يتم منح شهادة إجتياز المستوى معتمدة من الإتحاد العربي السعودي للسباحة

السباحة Swimming السِّباحة نوع من النشاط الرياضي يتضمن التحرُّك في الماء باستخدام الذراعين والرجلين. والسباحة نمط شائع للترويح، ورياضة عالمية مهمة فضلاً عن كونها تمارين صحية. يسبح الناس في الأعمار كافة من صغارهم إلى كبارهم بغرض المرح. ففي كل أرجاء العالم يستمتع ملايين البشر بالسباحة في البحيرات والمحيطات والأنهار ويسبح آخرون في أحواض سباحة إما داخلية مغطاة، أو خارجية مكشوفة في الهواء الطلق. وتؤمِّن آلاف الجمعيات أحواض السباحة لمنسوبيها. كما أن كثيرًا من العائلات لديها أحواض سباحة في حدائق منازلها أو في الأفنية الخلفية. وخلال القرن العشرين الميلادي، أصبحت السباحة رياضة تنافسية رئيسية؛ حيث يتنافس ألوف السباحين في مهرجانات تنظمها المدارس والكليات ونوادي السباحة. ويشارك أفضل السباحين العالميين في كثير من مناطق العالم في مسابقات السباحة السنوية. وتشكل تلك المسابقات جانبًا مهمًا من دورات الألعاب الأوليمبية الصيفية. وقد حاول كثير من سباحي المسافات الطويلة تحقيق بطولات في عبور القنال الإنجليزي، أو خليج الكوك الواقع بين الجزيرة الشمالية والجزيرة الجنوبية من نيوزيلندا. ويستمتع السباحون الممتازون بألوان أخرى من الرياضات المائية وتشمل: الغطس من على المقْفَز، أو من على المنصَّة، وركوب الأمواج، والتزلج على الماء، والإبحار باللوح، وكرة الماء، والغطس العميق بجهاز تنفس، والسباحة المتزامنة. تخدم القدرة على السباحة الجيدة رياضات مائية أخرى مثل الصيد، وركوب الزوارق حيث تجعلها أكثر أمانًا ومتعة. وفضلاً عن ذلك فإن القدرة على السباحة قد تنقذ حياة شخص إذا ما تعرض للغرق. والسباحة أحد أفضل التمارين الرياضية للمحافظة على اللياقة البدنية، فهي تحسِّن عمل القلب، وتسهم في تنشيط الدورة الدموية، كما تساعد على تقوية العضلات.

الماء يمثل مقاومة للعضلات حينما نمارس السباحة، لذلك فإنها تعتبر من أفضل الرياضات لصقل العضلات والحفاظ على قوام رشيق.

- تدل البحوث الصحية والرياضية على أن ممارسة السباحة لمدة نصف ساعة يوميا، تخفض من ضغط الدم وتقوي القلب وتقلل من معدل الكلسترول في الدم كما تزيد من كفاءة الدورة الدموية.

- ممارسة السباحة لمدة ساعة تحرق ما بين 250 و 500 سعرة حرارية، حسب قوة وسرعة السباحة، لذلك تعتبر تلك الرياضة من أفضل الرياضات لتخفيض الوزن.

- السباحة مفيدة جدا في التخلص من الضغوط النفسية، واسترخاء الجسم والعقل، ورفع الروح المعنوية.

- الماء يجعل الجسم يبدو أخف مما هو عليه فعلا، لذلك فإن رياضة السباحة من أنسب الرياضات للأشخاص الذين يعانون من زيادة الوزن.

- السباحة تعمل على تليين العضلات في الذراعين والساقين.

- السباحة تجعل القلب والرئتين في حالة هوائية جيدة.

- السباحه مفيده للتخلص من الجروح والتزلغات الباطنيه والظاهريه

مخاطر السباحة : لا تسبح بعد الأكل لأن السباحة ستؤدي إلى تدفق الدم إلى الأطراف ويقل الدم المتجه إلى المعدة والجهاز الهضمي.. مما يعطل ويؤخر عملية الهضم ويتسبب فيما يسمى عسر الهضم. الشد العضلي من مخاطر السباحه حيث من الممكن ان يؤدي إلى الغرق

/Saudi Swimming/

--Ahmed Almrhoon (talk) 13:29, 1 May 2012 (UTC)

title: User:Ahmed Almrhoon