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Flexible learning

About this page as a course
This page will assist you in understanding the principles of Flexible Learning by exploring related information, ideas and new practices in formal education. After reading through this information, and taking up opportunities for learning support it is hoped you will be able to apply flexible teaching and learning techniques in your own contexts.

It is important (especially in flexible learning, but also in formal training) that you (or really, all of us) set some clear objectives and reasonable time-targets. This is usually called a personal learning plan and many people have found it useful to try to imagine a perfect day some years into the future. Who would you meet? What would you do? Where would you go? How would you achieve these ends? It may be wise to share and discuss these secret 'life ambitions´ with a mentor or trusted friend. The idea is to set up the big picture and then list all the available resources. Finally make a plan. Remember, if we fail to plan, then probably we are planning to fail! Although our strategic goal needs to consider our enduring strengths and weakness, it will be necessary from time to review learning plans tactically according to opportunities and threats that present themselves (This is sometimes called a SWOT review).
 * Personal learning plan

 * Learning support and accreditation

 * Otago Polytechnic offers formal learning and accreditation services with their Designing for Flexible Learning Practice course.
 * The Flexible Learning Practice weblog is used by Otago Polytechnic to advise learners in this subject. Feel free to follow along and make contact through that blog.
 * The Flexible Learning Practice email list is available for people to ask questions, network and generally discuss this topic. At the moment the list is quiet, and is made up of people engaged in a teacher training course at the Otago Polytecnic. The facilitators aim to grow the list into a more global membership with a wider range of skills and backgrounds.

This topic is also used in:
 * Teaching and Learning Online

Below are several topics to look at for this course. In each of the topics are sub topics. Please use these as a starting point for your own investigations into designing for flexible learning, and please feel free to make changes, or offer suggestions in the discussion page for this article.

It would be worth while to jump past these topics briefly and familiarise yourself with the projects listed below. They are designed to help you engage with the topics and make the most of what you find in them. Making a start on them straight away may give you something to focus your learning through.

What is flexible learning?
Flexible learning:
 * 1) places the learner, in primary control.
 * 2) is a set of educational philosophies and systems, concerned with providing learners with increased choice, convenience, and personalisation to suit their particular learning need. In particular, flexible learning provides learners with choices about where, when, and how learning occurs. Wikipedia Dec 06
 * 3) expands choice on what, when, where and how people learn. It supports different styles of learning, including elearning. Flexibility means anticipating,  and responding to, the ever-changing needs and expectations of learners and society.(Adapted from http://pre2005.flexiblelearning.net.au/guides/keyterms.pdf)
 * 4) is about greater choice for learners. This includes choices in when, where and how learning occurs. Adopting a flexbible learning approach doesn't mean changing everything about your teaching and learning. Many current practices can be part of a flexible approach.
 * 5) is a recent concept with many varying interpretations. No one interpretation is correct, leaving room for many interesting and useful ideas. This is one reason why the information resources used here are in a wiki format. It makes it easier for others to contribute and for contributors to keep the information up to date.
 * 6) can be viewed as an incentive to reflect on teaching and learning environments, and develop new ways to engage with students. Flexible learning is not a goal in itself, the goal is to improve the learning experience and the learning outcomes. Flexible learning is a method by which educational goals can be achieved. This means that the decision to implement particular flexible learning strategies should be informed by educational values and goals and by specific educational contexts.
 * 7) Read more about flexible learning from the  perspective of the Australian Flexible Learning Framework's Flexways site.

Why we need flexible learning
In adult education and training, flexible learning has always been available. Most vocational education and training organisations have an early history providing after hours workshops and training sessions to work around normal working hours, and to not interrupt industry production schedules.

Today, there are increasing pressures on workers and industry that create demand for similar options for education and training. Many employers are asking for training to take place in the workplace. Others are preferring block training so as to more easily manage interruptions to normal operations. Individuals who wish to further their personal development or skills and qualifications may prefer after hours, part time and/or distance learning options so as not to impact on their current employment and income status. Whatever the need, flexible learning opportunities are something that all education and training providers should keep in mind.

 * Listen to Learning and teaching in the twenty-first century: new challenges, Gregory Whitby to hear a compelling arguement of why and how new technologies influence younger generations and what schools can do to meet the flexibility challenge.

Examples of flexible learning

 * Strategies in Designing for eLearning - a guide put out by the Australian Flexible Learning Framework that has tips on a wide range of mostly online learning strategies and ideas.
 * CyberOne: Law in the Court of Public Opinion is an online course offered by Harvard Law. They use a course blog in conjunction with a course wiki to deliver notes and video recorded lectures. They also use the 3D virtual world platform Second Life to facilitate communication.
 * MIT Open Courseware offers free access to online learning resources
 * OIL - online information literacy is a self-directed series of online modules.
 * elearning guidelines and case studies in the New Zealand tertiary sector.
 * Videos of teaching staff at Otago Polytechnic talking about their flexible learning opportunities.
 * Part time learning combined with workbased learning activities
 * Block training for apprentices instead of having to come in so many days a week fulltime.
 * A box of learning material given to apprentice builders to take to multiple building sites so each apprentice always has a full range of learning material with them.
 * Please feel free to add additional examples here for review.

Issues with flexible learning
In this topic you will analyse and evaluate challenges that arise in the design of flexible learning environments.

There are many issues and consideration to do with flexible learning. From privacy and copyright, to access and usability. The range of issues are wide. Following are information resources that refer directly and indirectly to issues that affect flexible learning. You may be aware of others - please feel free to add them to this list. Focus on at least one of these issues and pursue research on it. Make notes to your weblog, add bookmarks to your resource list and finally, develop a teaching resource around your chosen issue. See Projects.

The modern internet
Web 2.0 and socially constructed learning is an emergent theme in eLearning circles. Watch this short video that explains Web 2.0. What are the issues that this video highlights? How do they relate to flexible learning? Especially flexible learning that uses the Internet. Further reading related to web 2.0: Wikipedia entry, Networked learning,

Copyright
Copyright in the Internet age is a perplexing issue. Watch these series of videos explaining copyright issues in terms of the Creative Commons. Creative Commons is a working solution to digital Copyright issues. What issues to do with Copyright do these videos talk about? How does copyright affect flexible learning? Further reading relating to copyright:
 * Wikipedia entry

Information formats
You are having trouble creating handouts using pictures and diagrams, and the formatting goes haywire, - this is an issue. So you need to find a solution. A short term solution may be to provide the students with hard copies of the handouts - of course this creates other issues or considerations such as the expense and resource sustainability, as well as how you will get the handouts to students studying off-campus. A longer term solution might be to better understand publishing software and formats. You might need to upgrade your skills and use a more advanced image editing programme. Further reading on software and formats:
 * free software
 * Image formats
 * open formats
 * learning objects,

Teacher and learner workloads
Because flexible learning often entails self directed, or self paced learning teachers and learners can often lose sight of what would be a reasonable workload. Time management are important skills to have. Further reading on teacher and learner workloads:

Your issues
Please add any issue to do with flexible learning that you identify with. It might be the question of the practical nature of your subject area, it might be Internet bandwidth and digital divides, whatever the issue, please give a quick description and links out to further reading.
 * Provide a list of locations with access to high speed internet so that those who do not have access at home, may be able to use a nearby branch campus of the college or a local library.

Flexible learning in educational organisations
In this topic you will explore and justify the strategies for the development of flexible learning environments.

Locate your educational organisations strategic plan. It is a document with mission statements, aims and objectives, and performance indicators. Highlight statements that refer to things related to flexible learning. Discuss these statements with your peer group and use them to help you develop your plan.

Examples of flexible learning

 * Cookery at Otago Polytechnic - the use of a blog and web videos to enhance a face to face course.
 * MobilEd - Use of low tech mobile phones for just in time learning and multi media projects.
 * CyberOne Law in the Court of Public Opinion - The use of a course blog, video lectures, course wiki and a virtual world to communicate around the course.
 * Designing for flexible learning - Use of a course blog, course wiki, email list and participant blogs to facilitate learning and enhance periodic face to face learning.
 * Pay it forward learning - A concept on the use of learner generated content aligned with assessment.
 * Networked learning - A presentation on the technology and policy needed to use networked communication opportunities to enhance learning
 * [Facilitating Online] - Using a wikieducator collaborative authoring platform to develop learning materials to support a course conducted in a learning management system
 * Avalanche Safety - An example of what used to be a slide presentation but is now a slide show with music video published on YouTube.
 * - An example of 'start now' flexible learning for college credit.

Support for flexible learning
Please add any funding opportunities you find that may assist you and others to build capability and resources for offering flexible learning opportunities.

New Zealand

 * Tertiary Education Commission
 * Ministry of Education - ICT Professional Development Clusters

Australia

 * The Australian Flexible Learning Framework
 * Reframing the Future

International

 * The Commonwealth of Learning
 * The United Nations Education, Science and Culture Organisation

Planning for flexible teaching and learning
In this topic you will create and evaluate a plan for the implementation of a flexible learning experience.

Activity: Identify a course or unit within a course in your educational organisation that you think could develop flexible learning opportunities. Note down the basics to your idea in your blog and seek feedback from your colleagues and facilitators. After gaining this feedback and taking on suggestions, prepare a more complete project plan that includes aims and objectives, timelines and milestones, risks and risk responses, and of course a budget.

You might find it useful to take into account the following considerations:

Design and development models
ADDIE - The ADDIE model is the generic process traditionally used by instructional designers and training developers. The five phases; Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation;represent a dynamic, flexible guideline for building effective training and performance support tools.

Learner profiles
Before you can design materials for flexibility in your courses, not only do you need to know who your learners are (Learner Profile), you also need to be clear about the achievements and characteristics they will leave with when they finish your course/programme (Graduate Profile). The issues and considerations associated with how your students learn will influence how you support them and the resources you will provide.

Projects
The following projects are designed for you to start learning about flexible learning for yourself, and contributing what you learn to the general pool of knowledge on the subject. We hope that by doing these 4 projects you will develop skills and understandings that are useful for designing for flexible learning practice.

Weblog
20% Start a blog now and use it to keep a record of everything you encounter in the course. If you already have a blog, you're welcome to use it of course, but make sure you can categorise your postings so that everything to do with this course can be grouped together quickly for review and assessment.
 * We recommend http://blogger.com, http://wordpress.com or http://edublogs.org to set up your free blog.
 * The weblog will need to include hypertext references to material you have been reading, watching or listening to.
 * Use the [Hegarty Reflective Framework and Template] as a guide to how you can record your learning.
 * Use your blog to post your other projects in. Use your blog as a record of everything you do in this course.

Reference list
20% You will be shown how to use and maintain http://del.ici.ous – a social bookmarking facility on the web – to search for and store online materials you find while researching flexible learning. These bookmarks can be anything actually - they're your bookmarks, but anything directly relating to this course please use the tag DFLP07 so that we can collaboratively build a valuable reading list.
 * Write brief notes in del.ici.ous about the usefulness of each resource.
 * Watch this video on how to use Del.icio.us

Teaching Resource
10% For this assignment you will need to develop a digital resource which shows others (students or colleagues) how to use software or technologies or other materials in an educational setting.
 * We suggest you pick an issue to do with flexible learning (a topic covered in this course) and create a digital learning resource that helps the next person to consider that issue.
 * How about using a new wikiversity page to create your resource?
 * You should outline and discuss your ideas on your blog before starting, you might gain valuable feedback and ideas.
 * The resource could be an audio recording with an expert, a slide presentation, a screen recording of a particular piece of computer software, a video on an interesting flexible learning practice, or a text-based handout.
 * Announce and publish the finished resource through your web log.

Develop a flexible learning plan
50% All the other assignments lead into this final assignment which is a plan for how you intend to introduce flexibility into a course or programme in your work area. The facilitators will assist you with design ideas and will help you to develop your plan.

Use the [Flexible Learning Scope template] to record your initial design ideas. Your scope will need to include the following:
 * A profile of student characteristics both at enrollment and on completion (learner profile and graduate profile)
 * Issues and considerations and solutions to address these. For example, not all students will have access to broadband, therefore one solution may be to provide material online and on CDROM.
 * Strategies and methods you intend to use to create a flexible learning experience. For example, students will be asked to take digital photos of plants in the Botanic Gardens and prepare an identification chart for an assessment. This will replace a formal lecture.
 * Post your draft plan to your blog and work on gathering feedback from your peers. Modify your scope as necessary.

title: Flexible learning


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User talk:Mirwin/sand box

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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User:Mirwin/sand box

This is the new sand box

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User:Mirwin.sand box

this is a test page 2

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International Relations/International System and Strategic Weapons

International system and Strategic Weapons
The weapons defined as strategic are the weapons that can determine the outcome of a war par exemple the nuclear weapons and the offensive ballistic missiles. The strategic weapons first appeared in the 20th century and especially after the Hiroshima and Nagasaki bombings by US. Soon USSR was also able to acquire nuclear technology. This led to an unforeseeable balance of power between the two main actors, the "nuclear balance" or the "balance of terror". Because of the fact that the international system at the time was bipolar, there was a deep and urgent need for stability but at that point this "nuclear balance" created more destabilization

With the end of Cold War several new nuclear powers emerged creating the phenomenon of the "strategic weapons proliferation". Officially, USA, RUSSIA, CHINA, UK, INDIA,FRANCE and PAKISTAN are the countries known to have acquired nuclear weapons and technology up to now.

Nuclear Weapons
"Nuclear weapons" is the general term which is used in order to define and describe any weapon using nuclear energy and technology. Two types of nuclear weapons exist: the nuclear (atomic bomb) and the thermal-nuclear(hydrogen bomb) The explosive energy of the nuclear weapons is theoretically and practically up to this point unlimited.

The catastrophic results of a nuclear explosion can be divided in two categories:

 * The results of the first category are very similar to those caused by an ordinary explosion, only in a largest scale.

 * The results of the second category are more characteristic of a nuclear explosion: 1)They produce an intense Χ and Γ type radiation in the first phase of the explosion. 2) The radiation that results from the explosion remains in the lowest layers of the atmosphere along with parts of the destructed targets shaping a mushroom-like figure. 3)An electromagnetic pulse which is especially powerful during the time of the explosion is created as a result of the huge amounts of electromagnetic energy confined in a very small space.

Nevertheless, the nuclear weapons are characterized as weapons of mass destruction because of the longterm biological, psychological, social, economical, and political consequences on human beings but also because of the harsh consequences on the environment.


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User talk:Imraan~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Imraan. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Imraan~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:33, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Imraan~enwikiversity


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User talk:Stepa

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Stepa. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Stepa~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:44, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stepa


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User talk:Xian24~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Xian24. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Xian24~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:12, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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text: User talk:Mcgoo3531

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User talk:Jimmy.lui.~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jimmy.lui.. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jimmy.lui.~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:39, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Jimmy.lui.~enwikiversity


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User talk:Mykal~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Mykal. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Mykal~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:44, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:16, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

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Template:Film School:Thumbnail Storyboarding:Current Message

These lessons are ready for a test drive.


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User talk:Theqmage

Wow! I checked out your information at Wikipedia. I hope you have some time to contribute some of your expertise to building our Wikiversity community. Good luck with your computer company and with the open curriculum. You might be interested in this forum or some of the participants. I hope to see you around. Mirwin 03:20, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

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User talk:Geirmag

Nice to have some high level expertise arriving. Hope to see you around! Mirwin 03:23, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

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User talk:Cailil

Hi Cailil, there was new participant interested in the Illiad, Odyssey, and Aenid but who felt unqualified to start them off. If you and he could have some discussions or pointers regarding those great works it might get a couple of sections of literature going. A lot of people are bashful about starting stuff they know little about but will start joining in active discussions. Anyway, I hope your writer's block goes away soonest and that you find time spent here at Wikiversity enjoyable and enriching. Mirwin 03:31, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

User page deletion request
Hi Cailil, You may have seen Erkan Yilmaz' response on my talk page about the request to delete your user page: "May I ask why a blanking of the page is not sufficient?". Let us know your thinking here and we will try to help. Sincerely, -- Jtneill - Talk 22:47, 1 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Hello. Your page has been deleted. Please feel free to come back when you are ready. --Remi 01:16, 2 June 2008 (UTC)

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Template:Film School:Message:Ready for a test drive

These lessons are ready for a test drive.


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User talk:Zc~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Zc. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Zc~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:13, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Zc~enwikiversity


text: User talk:MikeKang

title: User talk:MikeKang


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User talk:Sambo~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Sambo. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Sambo~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:42, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:21, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sambo~enwikiversity


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User talk:Ruddyjohn

phil 374
hello. can you please let me know which philosopher you have? thanks MaryCordova 19:08, 27 February 2007 (UTC)

Headline text
Hi Ruddyjohn, I saw your request regarding how mustangs arrived on the plains. I know the Spanish brought horses and some escaped or were released and within decades herds of mustangs were roaming in the plains. I am a bit at a loss for where the information should be placed. Any ideas? You may find this Wikipedia entry of interest. Hope to see you around or hear from you. Mirwin 03:45, 9 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Ruddyjohn, I do find the Mustangs history interesting and would appreciate a headsup if find enough data to merit an update to Wikipedia. In particular, I find your interest in pursuing original data interesting, I wonder if there is a place yet here on Wikiversity to write up how you went about finding ancient original data so others may benefit from your creativity?  If you want, when your research is wrapping up, regardless of actual outcome; contact me and we can try to find proper place to startup such a resource ....Ideas for Methods of Scholarship? ... we can ask user:cormaggio or user:JWSchmidt they are custodians with P'hds with good familarity with this site as it was developed.  They would know where to document your methods or look for existing documentation to improve.  Thanks for playing around and researching here at Wikiversity Ruddyjohn.  It is exactly what our site needs to prosper.  Use four squiggles or tilda's to sign messages like this and if logged in makes it easier for people like me to get back here to your page to leave our half of conversation and timestamps automatically!  Do not if not logged in as leaves IP address which can be tracked back to you.  Mirwin 10:10, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ruddyjohn


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User talk:Alhen

Nice to see you testing Alhen. I hope to see you around! Mirwin 03:48, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Invitation
Dear user of Wikiversity,

Do you like to join a reading club, where you can read and discuss literature? Reading clubs could have active and inactive participants. Active participants could be required to edit on a regularly basis untill a deadline is reached and another topic can be chosen for reading and discussing. Hopefully, reading clubs can ensure a social network on Wikiversity of people cooperating with eachother and becoming friends while discussing knowledge.--Daanschr 09:43, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

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User talk:Marie~enwikiversity

New template
This new template has been created to coordinate studies for the Spanish 1 class. Feel free to deleted it or place it where ever you see fit.--Rayc 02:35, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Marie. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Marie~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:38, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:15, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Marie~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Jeanmadams

title: User talk:Jeanmadams


text: User talk:Parian17

title: User talk:Parian17


text:
User talk:Missy~enwikiversity

information about licensing needed
Image:French Vocabulary - Greetings.ogg has no information about licensing for the file. If information is not provided, the file will be deleted.
 * also Image:French Grammar - The French Alphabet.ogg--JWSchmidt 17:34, 18 August 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problems

 * This is the media in question. Please provide a license template and source for it. Thanks. – Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb 22:34, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Missy. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Missy~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:38, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:16, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Missy~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Anthbel

Hi Anthbel, as a computer technology specialist from/in Africa I thought you might find this of interest. I hope to see you around. Mirwin 03:56, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Anthbel


text:
User talk:Berek

Hi Berek, as a longtime Wikipedia user you may or may not find the standard welcome template below useful. I thougt better safe than sorry since I still have trouble tracking things down sometimes. Hope to see you around! Mirwin 03:59, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Welcome back
Welcome back to Wikiversity, and thanks for your contributions to History Of Scotland. When linking to other WMF wikis, you may find it useful to use a direct inter-wiki link. All you need for this is a prefix - w: for enwiki, wikibooks: for enwikibooks etc. For example, Scottish Gaelic becomes Scottish Gaelic. --Draicone (talk) 14:51, 16 August 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Draicone! Updated some links already :) Berek 22:00, 16 August 2011 (UTC)

Why me?
I've invited you because, though I'm not familiar with you at all, I noticed your name first in Recent Changes, saw that you have substantial history here and obvious current interest, so .... I hope you will consider this. Thanks. --Abd 19:08, 23 August 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks, Abd! I've registered for the assembly, and added you as my proxy.Berek 09:17, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * . I've accepted, please keep an eye on me, if you can! I'm pretty busy here, but Special:Contributions/Abd is there whenever you want to look. I'll let you know if I think your attention is required for something, but you can always "butt in." Do let me know, please, about any special interests or concerns you have. I'll use User:Abd/Proxy notes as a place to collect such things, you may add stuff there, or you may always email me. Thanks for helping try the DP system out. --Abd 17:12, 24 August 2011 (UTC)
 * I've now removed my name from the assembly table - I don't think it's quite my thing.Berek 20:00, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
 * That's fine. If you change your mind at any time, you can put your name back, with or without a proxy being named. Naming a proxy is a way that you can exert some influence, and remain connected, even when you cannot directly participate, don't have the time. I'd love it if you could explain what you mean by "not my thing." But that's up to you, of course. Thanks again. --Abd 20:15, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

Add general categories to specific subpages.
I notice that you are taking an interest in Cold fusion pages. Thanks. However, you added Category:Physics to Cold_fusion/The_Wikipedia_article/Recent_secondary_and_tertiary_sources. I think this will lead to confusion. Subpages can be presumed to be in the category of the pages they are underneath, unless there is something unusual. The category link you added will simply complicate the Category display without adding value. The subpages are just supporting information for the main Cold fusion page. I'll look around a bit, but I think I'll revert your change. Thanks. --Abd 01:30, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

Vis-a-vis this, Cold fusion isn't directly in Category:Physics, but is instead in Category:Condensed matter physics. I see that there is Category:Cold fusion, however, which is a subcategory of the Physics cat. I think this is inconsistent, so I'll move the Cold fusion category to a subcategory of Condensed matter physics. I'll be thinking about Condensed matter nuclear science as a more specific category matching actual usage in the field. --Abd 01:38, 29 August 2011 (UTC)
 * That's fine Abd. As I'm not as knowledgeable about physics I had put it in the broader category. I should probably have looked for the cold fusion category though - apologies. Please feel free to correct any errors I make.Berek 15:30, 29 August 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Berek


text:
User talk:Unefille~enwikiversity

French Mentoring
Salut, Unefille. You are listed at the French stream as being a beginning student of French with prior French-language experience, who is interested in learning French at Wikiversity. The French Mentoring project has recently been launched, and if you add your name to that list, I will do my best to put you in contact with an appropriate Mentor who would be glad to help you. The Jade Knight (d'viser) 08:45, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Unefille. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Unefille~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:09, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:24, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Unefille~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Jetica81

New template
This new template has been created to coordinate studies for the Spanish 1 class. Feel free to deleted it or place it where ever you see fit.--Rayc 02:33, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jetica81


text:
User talk:Kjcomerford~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Kjcomerford. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Kjcomerford~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:36, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:13, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kjcomerford~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Klon~enwikiversity

New template
This new template has been created to coordinate studies for the Spanish 1 class. Feel free to deleted it or place it where ever you see fit.--Rayc 02:33, 17 February 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Klon. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Klon~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:36, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:13, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Klon~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:A.K.Karthikeyan

Invitation
Dear user of Wikiversity,

Do you like to join a reading club, where you can read and discuss literature? Reading clubs could have active and inactive participants. Active participants could be required to edit on a regularly basis untill a deadline is reached and another topic can be chosen for reading and discussing. Hopefully, reading clubs can ensure a social network on Wikiversity of people cooperating with eachother and becoming friends while discussing knowledge.--Daanschr 09:20, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

page moves

 * To see what is in your userspace click here

Here are two wikitext scripts that you can use to keep track of subpages in your userspace.

creates a page called My subpages

creates a list of all subpages in your userspace.

Keep in mind that these two scripts here on this talk page, and on your user page User:. They won't work on most Wikiversity pages.--Guy vandegrift (discuss • contribs) 23:18, 22 March 2024 (UTC)

title: User talk:A.K.Karthikeyan


text: User talk:Ktdekker

title: User talk:Ktdekker


text:
User talk:Runnerupnj~enwikiversity

Hi Runnerupnj, I noticed you are an enthusiast regarding railroads. Have you ever tried the free open source game JFreerails which clones some of Railroad Tycoon? You know a variety of learning projects could leverage off many peoples love of train stuff. If you decide to set such a thing up here at Wikiversity or find one please let me know. Perhaps I could participate effectively. Hope to see you around soon. Mirwin 04:11, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Runnerupnj. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Runnerupnj~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:42, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:20, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Runnerupnj~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Suttungrmoon

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Thrymr. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Thrymr~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:45, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:24, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Suttungrmoon


text:
Talk:Chain mail/Getting Rings

Interesting, I will check back. Mirwin 04:29, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Chain mail/Getting Rings


text:
Talk:Spanish/Registration

How does one register now?

Where to register?
There are five(!) apparent Spanish registration pages: here, at Participant Coordination, at Spanish/Students, at Spanish/Spanish_One/Students, and at Spanish/Spanish Two/Students. Some major coordination needs to be done to get people to the right place. The Jade Knight 03:31, 17 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, there are six now. Someone in the Spanish Department needs to figure this mess out.  The Jade Knight 10:48, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

I concur. One central registration page, which might also link to the instructors who are teaching the class, would allow the instructors to decide when a class has reached the desirable size. SGCharest, 08:00, 8 September 2007

I tried to register my name as a student of Spanish but but not found any link for that. Can you specify the link in main page?
 * Please have a look at Topic:Foreign_Language_Learning/Participant_Coordination, Erkan Yilmaz uses the Wikiversity:Chat (try) 16:19, 21 April 2008 (UTC)

edits on talk pages from previous registration pages are listed below

 * How do I take these classes?

How do you sign up?
I have just identified an area with great potential for improvement: I've just spent ten minutes trying to sign up for the Spanish II class. The fact that I've failed I put down to poor usability of the site.

J L
 * Considering that this is currently self study, I'm not to sure why we even have this page...--Rayc 03:23, 14 March 2007 (UTC)
 * You know, I agree. The current table system is not at all user-friendly.  A simple list would be significantly better, at least for new sign ups.  The Jade Knight 03:22, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Additional participant list
See the list at Participant Coordination for more students which have signed up. You may, additionally, want to replace the lists there with a link here. The Jade Knight 03:25, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Where to register?
There are five(!) apparent Spanish registration pages: here, at Participant Coordination, at Spanish/Registration, at Spanish/Spanish_One/Students, and at Spanish/Spanish Two/Students. Some major coordination needs to be done to get people to the right place. The Jade Knight 03:32, 17 March 2007 (UTC)
 * didn't know about the others, but I've been trying to get people to stop signing up on the Spanish/Registration area. Maybe we can just have them place Template:Spanish1-Announce on there user talk if they want updates?--Rayc 04:37, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

i'm new to this. how do i register for spanish. i've been using all the above with no success so far. also how do i negotiate to the second lesson? greatguls (not so great)

Thank you!
Thank you, thank you, thank you to whoever did it for combining these all into one spot. That's one less headache for me on Wikiversity. The Jade Knight 13:14, 3 September 2008 (UTC)

title: Talk:Spanish/Registration


text:
South African Law/Contract

Origin:
The South African law of contract is derived from the Roman law of obligations, in terms of which a legal tie was created between legal subjects, giving rise to rights and duties accepted by law. These rights were only effective between the particular legal subjects concerned and were therefore known as personal rights, as opposed to real rights, which generally could be enforced universally.

Roman law described specific categories of transactions, to which the law of obligations was limited, while SA law defines obligations generally, assigning categories only to transactions that occur often. There are so many branches of law in south africa, they can be found on the internet and you can be able to find exactly where contract of law falls under in south africa.

Definition of an obligation:
A legal obligation is a legal tie between legal subjects, recognised by law, which is created as a result of a certain legal fact and which creates rights and duties that are recognised by law.

A legal obligation consists of two elements, namely the right of the creditor to claim performance and the duty of the debtor to perform accordingly. The creditor’s right is known as a personal right, which corresponds to the legal object of performance (i.e. a specific action or inaction, delivery of a specific thing or payment of a specific amount of money).

Civil obligation:
The rights and duties are recognised and enforced by law (e.g. contract).

Natural obligation:
The rights and duties are recognised but not enforced by law (e.g. wager).

Sources of obligations:
Legal obligations arise out of legal facts, which can be categorised as follows:

Events without human intervention:
Forces of nature, animal behaviour, lapse of time, etc.

Non-juristic acts:
Acts to which the law gives effect irrespective of the intentions of the parties (e.g. delicts).

Juristic acts:
Acts to which the law gives effect according to the intentions of the party or parties.

Unilateral juristic acts:
Acts conducted individually by single parties (e.g. wills).

Multilateral juristic acts:
Acts conducted collectively by two or more co-operating parties (e.g. contracts).

The most important sources of obligations are acts of contract, delict and unjust enrichment. Hence, a contract is not a legal obligation in itself but rather a legal fact that gives rise to a legal obligation.

The law of contract:
The law of contract is the body of legal rules governing the conclusion and consequences of contracts.

It defines the basis and requirements of contractual liability, as well as the rights and duties of the parties. Moreover, it regulates the breach of contract and provides remedies for such breach. Finally, it governs the termination of contractual obligations.

These rules, along with the law of delict and law of enrichment, fall under the law of obligations, which is a category of the law of patrimony, forming part of private law, which is fundamentally concerned with defining, protecting and balancing legitimate individual interests. However, the classification of the law of contract into private law is necessarily qualified by the increasing degree to which private law and public law have come to overlap.

As indicated above, the South African law of contract finds its origin in Roman-Dutch law but it has also been influenced to some extent by English law (e.g. in respect of the rules of quasi-consensus). ok now that law of contract is the body of legal rules governing the conclusion and consequences of contracts.

Definition:
A contract is an agreement, based on consensus between legal subjects with contractual capacity, which is legal, physically possible and complies with the prescribed formalities and which is reached with the intention of creating a legal obligation with resultant rights and duties.

Requirements:

 * 1) Consensus: The parties must reach conscious agreement, with a genuine concurrent intention.
 * 2) Contractual capacity: The parties must be legally capable of concluding a binding contract.
 * 3) Legality: The contract must be legal and may not contradict any statutory or common law rule.
 * 4) Physical possibility: The performance must be determinable and possible at time of conclusion.
 * 5) Formalities: The contract must abide by any formalities set by law or by the parties themselves.

Defective contracts:

 * 1) Void contract: One of the requirements for a valid contract is absent - no contract is concluded.
 * 2) Voidable contract: A contract is indeed concluded but it can be set aside on account of a defect that existed at the time of conclusion (e.g. consensus improperly obtained).
 * 3) Unenforceable contract: A contract is indeed concluded but it creates only a natural obligation, which is recognized but not enforced by law (e.g. a wager).

Concepts:

 * 1) Parties: Two or more legal subjects acting as debtor(s) and creditor(s) (possibly simultaneously).
 * 2) Unilateral contract: Only one party acts as debtor and the other as creditor (e.g. donation).
 * 3) Reciprocal contract: Each party acts as both debtor and creditor (e.g. contract of sale).
 * 4) Essentialia: Essential minimum characteristics that qualify a contract as a nominate contract.
 * 5) Naturalia: Terms that, by operation of law, form part of a contract, but may be excluded.
 * 6) Incidentalia: All other contractual terms included by the parties expressly or tacitly.
 * 7) Nominate contract: A type of contract that occurs so frequently that it has acquired a name and individual characteristics (e.g. purchase and sale).

title: South African Law/Contract


text: User:Beejmeister

title: User:Beejmeister


text:
Spanish/Vocabulary

aprender - to learn

(yo) aprendo - I learn, (tu) aprendes - you learn (familiar) (usted)aprende - you learn (formal) (el/ella) aprende - he/she learns (nosotros)aprendemos - we learn (vosotros) aprendáis - you learn (plural familiar) (ustedes)aprenden - you learn (plural formal) (ellos/ellas) aprenden - they learn

hablar - to speak

(yo) hablo - I speak (tu) hablas - you speak (familiar) (usted)habla - you speak (formal) (el/ella) habla - he/she speaks (nosotros)hablamos -we speak (vosotros) habláis - you speak (plural familiar) (ustedes) hablan - you speak (plural formal) (ellos/ellas) hablan - they speak

enseñar - to teach

(yo) enseño - I teach (tu) enseñas - you teach (familiar) (usted)enseña - you teach (formal) (el/ella) enseña - he/she teaches (nosotros)enseñamos - we teach (vosotros) enseñáis - you teach (plural familiar) (ustedes) enseñan - you teach (plural formal) (ellos/ellas) enseñan - they teach

title: Spanish/Vocabulary


text:
Template:I0

 * This template generates a single line feed with no indentation, :except that which it inherits from wiki paragraph created indents in the same 'logical paragraph'. That is like all the indent derivatives, (I2, I), it maintains any indentation created in a text block by ':', '*', or '#' or their legal combinations.

title: Template:I0


text:
User:MichaelBillingtonBot~enwikiversity/Blog

- RSS version of this page

This is just a 'sandbox blog' of sorts, to show you all what this bot does. Feel free to make nonsense posts here, it doesn't bother me :-) Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 05:35, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

Testing
How does this work? Thuvack 10:51, 24 July 2008 (UTC)

=Ignored heading= blah

Subheading which isn't ignored
foo

Subeading which is ignored
quux

etc
baz

etc
sponge chalk mouse giraffe cheese?


text: User talk:Charlie Dunver

title: User talk:Charlie Dunver


text:
Web Languages

Learning Project Summary

 * Suggested Prerequisites:
 * None
 * Time investment:
 * Non-technical Activities: 2-3 hours of study, 1 hour in completion of the exercises
 * Technical Activities: 2-3 hours per language.
 * Assessment suggestions:

 * Portal:
 * School:
 * Department:
 * Stream
 * Level:Novice

Content summary
Which Language To Choose Which language you choose may be a more a matter of preference rather than need. Today most of the major languages will do almost anything you want. However, each language has its own strengths and may be more appropriate depending on the project.

The good news is that trying out each of the major languages is fairly easy to do once you have an environment setup. Moreover, you can try most of them for free with the right tools! Although the ideal situation would be for each student to work on all the languages, there may be only specific ones you are interested in. In this case, pick at least two languages and work on the exercises below.

Common Web Development Languages
 * ASP.Net
 * using VB.Net
 * using C#.Net
 * PHP
 * Ruby
 * Python
 * Java
 * Java Servlets
 * Java Applets
 * Java Server Pages
 * Java Beans

Goals

 * Students will be able to compare and contrast major web development languages.
 * Students will be able to create basic "Hello World" programs in multiple languages.
 * Students will have created a simple but non-trivial program in mulitple languages.
 * It is not an objective of this section to be a replacement for indepth study in a particular language.

Activities
Non-technical Exercises
 * 1) For your selected languages find out the following:
 * 2) * What is the main website for the language?
 * 3) * What is the most popular development environment for the language.
 * 4) * What deployment environment is necessary to run programs? Do you need a particular web server?  What frameworks do you need to have running?
 * 5) Does your language use LAMP or WAMP?

Programming Exercises
 * 1) Hello World: For your selected languages write and run a simple "Hello World" program.  This program should return the string "Hello World". Since most languages would allow you to have an HTML form of some type, make sure this program returns the value of a variable that is set to the value "Hello World."
 * 2) Simple Math: Create a web page with two textboxes and a button.  A user can enter numbers in each textbox and when the button is clicked, the two numbers are added and the result displayed.
 * 3) MasterMind:
 * 4) * Create an array with 4 places.
 * 5) * Initialize the array with the the letters A,B,C,D randomly. Repeats are allowed. Create a form with 4 text boxes.
 * 6) * Create a form with 4 text boxes and a "guess" button.
 * 7) * Every time a user clicks on the guess button the program compares the input to the array and returns a result:
 * 8) ** The number of letters that are in the correct position and the correct letter.
 * 9) ** The number of letters that are in the solution but are not in the correct position.

Tests and Quizzes
What are web programming languages

Active participants
Active participants in this Learning Group
 * Eshafoshaf 15:56, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

title: Web Languages


text:
Talk:Introduction to Programming/About Programming

In the last section, about becoming a programmer, Pnguyen added a section about good programming practices. I agree that eventually, we want to have that, but at this point, is anyone from the target audience going to understand or care about them? That isn't to say that what I put in doesn't also have problems. We need a good test audience. Dmclean 16:58, 9 February 2007 (UTC)

Alright, why do we use the word "sexy" here? I personally don't care, but shouldn't we be family-friendly? --Sindikat 14:09, 20 September 2010 (UTC)

The line "Your program does not do a job any better than an alternative program. At best, you're re-inventing the wheel, at worst, wasting time." ignores the fact that often beginning programmers DO write programs that are no better than others and DO re-invent the wheel as a byproduct of the learning process. Example: writing a program to output the Fibonacci sequence. Just a thought for consideration. 74.222.211.9 00:20, 26 December 2010 (UTC)

In the section "Translation schemes", the citation about Lua language are somewhat wrong, it was developed to help scientists with embeddable scripting and data description at systems developed for PETROBRAS in 1990's (environment supervision, CG and mechanics), and nowadays largely used in embedded systems, tools and games (thank you WoW XD). danielm 15:30, 18 June 2011 (GMT-3)

Dim grade as integer

grade = 60

If (grade >= 60 Then

Console .WriteLine("Congratulations you pass ! ")

End If 5.36.20.91 (discuss) 20:09, 25 November 2022 (UTC)


text:
User:Cocoaguy

I am also a user on english wikipedia [en.wikipedia.com/wiki/user:cocoaguy|Here]

title: User:Cocoaguy


text:
User talk:Bailey~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bailey. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bailey~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:30, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:03, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bailey~enwikiversity


text:
Talk:Aerospace engineering/Introduction

Hello, if anyone interested in filling the content of this page please write comments

maybe this page should be deleted as it is the same as aerospace engineering

"While "aeronautical" was the original term, the broader "aerospace" has superseded it in usage, as flight technology advanced to include craft operating in outer space." quot from wikipediea

title: Talk:Aerospace engineering/Introduction


text:
Leading Edge Devices

This page give a detailed desciption on leading edge devices as well as a background history and an explanation on the different designs solutions and their implications on the aircraft performance.

Suggested Structure
The suggested structure for this page will be as follow:

Leading edge devices are located at the leading edge of the wing and can be deployed during different flight phases (take off, landing and cruise) in order to improve the aerodynamic performances of the the aircraft. More generally they are used during take off and landing to increase the lift and so be able to reduce the landing speed, or increase lift for take off. Also leading edge devices will create drag but the overall Lift to drag ratio is still an advantage. Following on this, the leading edge devices are retracted for cruise to decrease the drag and so have clean airfoil profile which is more efficient for cruise condition.
 * General understanding of effect of leading edge devices to the aircraft performance

The leading edge devices were used on early aircraft to improve the performance of the aircraft. One of the pioneer of the leading edge device was Handley Page who first tried this on his aircraft. First of all he used a fixed leading edge slat which provided him with high lift coefficient but the associated drag was detrimental to maximum speed. Handley page then tried to have an automatic deployment of the leading edge slat using the aerodynamic forces at the leading edge (suction). As the aircraft take off and land the speed see for more information http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/History-of-LE-devices
 * History of leading edge device

Currently different type of devices are used on commercial and military aircraft, depending on the aircraft type and also on the overall aircraft geometry. One of the most common device is the slat track concept which is used on most of the modern passenger aircraft (Boeing 737 [w:B737] and Airbus A320 [w:A320]). Another device currently used on A380 [w:A380]is the droop nose mechanism.
 * different concepts used for leading edge devices

The slat track mechanism is made of a track which deploy the leading edge slat, the slat once in the deployed position open a slot for the air to go through. The track is deployed and guided by rollers, both vertical and horizontal to garantuee the right deployment conpare to the wing. This is a simple and effective design.

The droop nose solution is basically increasing the wing camber while not extending by a huge amount the chord of the wing.This allows to gain lift, but does not provide a slot for the airflow to renergise over the wing when landing and so is less performant than the slat track option.

Wikipedia links

 * A good article on Leading Edge eXtension (LEX)...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading_edge_device
 * An article on slats .................................http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slat
 * An article on slot ..................................http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leading_edge_slot
 * An article on high lift device ......................http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-lift_device

title: Leading Edge Devices


text:
Talk:Leading Edge Devices

Hello everyone,

If you are interested in filling this article please fill free i will keep a watch on what is happening there and see if i can add more data and information related to leading edge devices.

Please leave comments about what has been written and how we could improve this page. thanks

title: Talk:Leading Edge Devices


text:
History of Leading Edge Devices

History of leading edge devices
Slats were first developed by Handley-Page in 1919; licensing the design became one of their major sources of income in the 1920s. The original designs were in the form of a fixed slot in the front of the wing, a design that was found on a number of STOL aircraft. This design was used for aircraft doing racing, the fixed slat helped some aircrafts to improve the performances and win a few races as well as setting up new records.

During World War II German aircraft commonly fitted a more advanced version that pushed back flush against the wing by air pressure to reduce drag, popping out on springs when the airflow decreased during slower flight. However, the most famous slats of that time belonged to the German Fieseler Fi 156 Storch. These were similar in design to retractaible slats, but were fixed non-retractable slots. The slotted wing allowed this aircraft to take off into a light wind in less than 45 m (150 ft), and land in 18 m (60 ft) due to the increase in lift.

In the post-war era slats have generally been hydraulically or electrically operated, allowing for more complex and efficient designs these can be find on most common commercial and freighter aircraft.

Today slats are generally one of several high-lift devices used on airliners, complex flap systems running along the trailing edge of the wing as well.

The latest aircraft (such as the Airbus A380 and possibly the A350 use a droop nose concept).

title: History of Leading Edge Devices


text:
User:Botheevilguy

Hello. IM BOE!

title: User:Botheevilguy


text:
Work, Power, and Energy

Work, Power and Energy is a very important concept in physics. Work done by all the forces is equal to the change in kinetic energy.

Work
In physics, work is related to the amount of energy transferred in or from a system by a force. It is a scalar-valued quantity with SI units of Joule.

Work can be represented in a number of ways. For the case where a body is moving in a steady direction, the work done by a constant force $$F$$ acting parallel to the displacement $$\Delta x$$ is defined as
 * the dot product of force and displacement is known as work.
 * $$W_F = F ~ \cdot\Delta x \,\!.$$

When the force is not acting parallel to the body's direction of movement, the work done is defined as a dot product of the force and the displacement,

 * $$W_F = \vec{F} \cdot \Delta\vec{x} = ||\vec{F}|| \cdot ||\Delta\vec{x}|| \cdot \cos\phi \,\!.$$

A few other ways of finding work can be either with the change of $$K$$ for kinetic energy or the change of $$P$$ for potential energy which can be resembled as:

 * $$W = \Delta{K}$$

 * $$W = \Delta{P}$$

In order to define the work done when the force acting upon the body is not constant, we must use differentials to show the infinitesimal work done by the force over an infinitesimal displacement.(Comment: should x be used below rather than s ?)

 * $$\mathrm{d}W_F = \vec{F} \cdot \mathrm{d}\vec{s} \,\!$$

Example
A wagon displaces by a distance of 2 m while under the influence of an 80 N force directed parallel to the motion. How much work is performed by the force exerted on the wagon?

$$W_F = F \Delta x = 80~{\rm N} \cdot 2~{\rm m} = 160~{\rm N \cdot m} = 160~{\rm Joules} \,\!.$$

Example
Suppose the same displacement of 2 m for the wagon while under the influence of an 80 N force 60o to the axis of the motion. How much work is performed by the force exerted on the wagon in this case?

$$W_F = F \Delta x \cos(60^{\circ}) = 80~{\rm N} \cdot 2~{\rm m} \cdot 0.5 = 80~{\rm N \cdot m} = 80~{\rm Joules} \,\!.$$ and dimensions of work is equal to the energy

Power
Power is defined to be the rate at which work is performed, or the derivative of work over time. The SI unit for power is the watt. OR: Rate of doing work with respect to time is called power

 * $$ P=\frac{\mathrm{d}E}{\mathrm{d}t}=\frac{\mathrm{d}W}{\mathrm{d}t} $$

Average power is the average amount of work done per unit of time. Thus instantaneous power is the limiting power of the average power as Δt approaches zero.

 * $$ P=\lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0} \frac{\Delta W}{\Delta t} = \lim_{\Delta t\rightarrow 0} P_\mathrm{avg} $$

When the work is done steadily (constant power), just use P = W/t. That is, the power is the work done divided by the time taken to do it.

Example: A garage hoist steadily lifts a car up 2 meters in 15 seconds. Calculate the power delivered to the car. Use 1000 kg for the mass of the car.

First we need the work done, which requires the force necessary to lift the car against gravity:

F = mg = 1000 x 9.81 = 9810 N.

W = Fd = 9810N x 2m = 19620 Nm = 19620 J.

The power is P = W/t = 19620J / 15s = 1308 J/s = 1308 W. P=f.v

Energy
'''Energy is stored work. It has the same units as work, the Joule (J).'''

There are many forms of energy:

Spring energy: Work has been done on a spring to compress or stretch it; the spring has the ability to push or pull on another object and do work on it. The force required to stretch a spring is proportional to the distance it is stretched: F = kx where x is the stretch distance and k is a constant characteristic of the spring (big heavy springs have larger k values). The work done in stretching a spring from 0 to x is the integral of dW = Fdx. Since the force function is linear, we can just take the average force of kx/2 and avoid using calculus: W = average F x distance = (kx/2)(x) = ½kx²

Assuming 100% efficiency, the energy stored in a stretched spring is the same as the work done in stretching it, so Spring E = ½kx²

Example: How much energy is stored in a spring with k = 2000 N/m that has been stretched 1 cm away from its equilibrium length?

E = ½kx² = ½(2000)(0.01)² = 0.1 J

Gravitational potential energy: a mass has been lifted to a height; when released it will be pulled down by gravity and can do work on another object as it falls.

Example: Find the energy stored in a tonne of water at the top of a 20 m high hydroelectric dam.

The long way is to use F = mg and then W = Fd to find the work needed to lift the water up.

The short way is to combine the formulas, replacing F with mg and using h (height) in place of d:

Gravitational energy = W = Fd = mgh

Egravity = mgh = (1000 kg)(9.81 m/s²)(20 m) = 196200 kg m²/s² = 1.96 x 105 J

Kinetic energy: A mass is moving and can do work when it hits another object. Ekinetic = ½mΔV2 = ½m(Vf2-Vi2)

Example: A 8kg ball is moving at 5m/s. EK = ½(8 kg)(5 m/s)2 = 100 J.

Electrical energy: Electrons can flow out of a battery or capacitor and do work on another electrical component such as a light bulb.

Photon energy: Although massless, a photon does have energy; in the amount hf where f is the photon's frequency and h is Planck's constant. This is the energy that warms your face in the morning sun and burns your unguarded nose at the beach.

Example: Red, at 400Thz has energy

Ered = hf = ($6.626$ J⋅s)($400$ hz) = 2.5e-19 J

Not much from each photon, but photons come from the sun in vast numbers; one estimate is 1017 photons per second per square centimeter.

Chemical energy: When some kinds of molecules are combined with others, energy can be released, usually as heat, light, or motion. When coal is burned it releases photon energy stored by plants millions of years before. When hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water, heat is released as well. A fire is oxygen combining with other substances; this also produces heat. Mixing mentos and coke produces foam whose mechanical properties can be exploited as in a MythBuster's Christmas machine.

Example: One stick of dynamite produces about a Megajoule.

Nuclear energy: When an atom fissions it releases various particles and a little bit of heat. This energy was stored when the atom was created in the depths of a nova, an exploding star. Although the heat from each fission is miniscule, when the released particles trigger a cascade of fissioning atoms, the total energy can be enormous; as evidenced by the destruction wrought by an atomic weapon.

Example: The heat from splitting one Uranium atom is 6.9e-13 J.

title: Work, Power, and Energy


text:
User talk:Dreyfus2006~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Dreyfus2006. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Dreyfus2006~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:31, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:06, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dreyfus2006~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Vpimpin

title: User talk:Vpimpin


text:
User talk:Zchenyu~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Zchenyu. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Zchenyu~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:13, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Zchenyu~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Jll294~enwikiversity

French Mentoring
Salut, JII294. You are listed at the French stream as being a beginning student of French who is interested in learning French. The French Mentoring project has recently been launched, and if you add your name to that list, I will do my best to put you in contact with an appropriate Mentor who would be glad to help you. The Jade Knight (d'viser) 09:37, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jll294. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jll294~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:35, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Jll294~enwikiversity


text:
Moment of Inertia

The moment of inertia is sometimes called and referred to as "angular mass." It is the "amount of resistance" to rotational motion.

The moment of inertia of a point mass is

 * $$I \ \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\ m r^2\,\!$$

The moment of inertia is additive, therefore, for a rigid body consisting of $$N$$ point masses $$m_{i}$$ with distances $$r_{i}$$ to the rotation axis, the total moment of inertia is the sum of the point-mass moments of inertia

 * $$I \ \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\ \sum_{i=1}^{N} {m_{i} r_{i}^2}\,\!$$

The moment of inertia is commonly used to calculate torque when multiplied by the angular acceleration. This analogous to F = ma.

 * $$Torque = Ia\,$$

title: Moment of Inertia


text:
Torque and angular acceleration

Torque
In physics,  torque (τ)  is also called  moment), and is a vector that measures the tendency of a force to rotate an object about some axis (center). The magnitude of a torque is defined as force times the length of the lever arm (radius). Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist.

 * The force applied to a lever, multiplied by its distance from the lever's fulcrum, is its torque.

 * Torque can be defined as the cross product:

 * $$\boldsymbol{\tau} = \mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{F}$$

where r is the particle's position vector relative to the fulcrum, and F is the force acting on the particles.

As with any concept defined by a formula, the units Torque (force times distance ) can be determined by the formula (e.g., newton meter inSI units) Even though the order of "newton" and "meter" are mathematically interchangeable, the BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures) specifies that the order should be N m not m N. N·m is also acceptable.

The joule, which is the SI unit for energy or work, is also defined as 1 N m, but this unit is not used for torque. While both torque and energy have the same units, one is a scalar and the other is a vector (technically (pseudo) vector)

 * $$E= \tau \theta\ $$

where
 * E is the energy
 * τ is torque
 * θ is the angle moved, in radians.

Other non-SI units of torque include "pound-force-feet" or "foot-pounds-force" or "ounce-force-inches" or "meter-kilograms-force".

A very useful special case, often given as the definition of torque in fields other than physics, is as follows:

 * $$\tau = (\textrm{moment\ arm}) \cdot \textrm{force}$$

The construction of the "moment arm" is shown in the figure below, along with the vectors r and F mentioned above. The problem with this definition is that it does not give the direction of the torque but only the magnitude, and hence it is difficult to use in three-dimensional cases. If the force is perpendicular to the displacement vector r, the moment arm will be equal to the distance to the centre, and torque will be a maximum for the given force. The equation for the magnitude of a torque arising from a perpendicular force:

 * $$\tau = (\textrm{distance\ to\ center}) \cdot \textrm{force}$$

For example, if a person places a force of 10 N on a spanner which is 0.5 m long, the torque will be 5 N m, assuming that the person pulls the spanner by applying force perpendicular to the spanner.

If a force of magnitude F is at an angle θ from the displacement arm of length r (and within the plane perpendicular to the rotation axis), then from the definition of cross product, the magnitude of the torque arising is:
 * $$\tau=rF \sin\theta$$

For an object to be in static equilibrium, not only must the sum of the forces be zero, but also the sum of the torques (moments) about any point. For a two-dimensional situation with horizontal and vertical forces, the sum of the forces requirement is two equations: ΣH = 0 and ΣV = 0, and the torque a third equation: Στ = 0. That is, to solve statically determinate equilibrium problems in two-dimensions, we use three equations.

If a force is allowed to act through a distance, it is doing mechanical work. Similarly, if torque is allowed to act through a rotational distance, it is doing work. Power is the work per unit time. However, time and rotational distance are related by the angular speed where each revolution results in the circumference of the circle being travelled by the force that is generating the torque. The power injected by the applied torque may be calculated as:

 * $$\mbox{Power}=\mbox{torque} \cdot \mbox{angular speed} \,$$

Angular Acceleration
Angular acceleration is the rate of change of angular velocity over time. In SI units, it is measured in radians per second squared (rad/s2), and is usually denoted by the Greek letter alpha ($${\alpha}\,$$). It can be defined as either:

 * $${\alpha} = \frac{d{\omega}}{dt} = \frac{d^2{\theta}}{dt^2}$$, or

 * $${\alpha} = \frac{\mathbf{a}_{T}}{r}$$ ,

where $${\omega}$$ is the angular velocity, $$\mathbf{a}_{T}$$ is the linear tangential acceleration, and r is the radius of curvature.

For rotational motion, Newton's second law can be adapted to describe the relation between torque and angular acceleration:

 * $${\tau} = I\ {\alpha}$$ ,

where $${\tau}$$ is the total torque exerted on the body, and $$I$$ is the mass moment of inertia of the body.

Constant acceleration:

For all constant values of the torque, $${\tau}$$, of an object, the angular acceleration will also be constant. For this special case of constant angular acceleration, the below equation will produce a definitive, single value for the angular acceleration:

 * $${\alpha} = \frac{\tau}{I}$$.

Non-constant acceleration:

For any non-constant torque, the angular acceleration of an object will change with time. The equation becomes a differential equation instead of a singular value. This differential equation is known as the equation of motion of the system and can completely describe the motion of the object.

If the torques on an object cancel out, the net torque is zero and the angular acceleration is also zero. For example, a beam that can rotate about its axis has two forces exerted on it and therefore two torques (see figure 3 below).

title: Torque and angular acceleration


text:
Wikiversity:Statistics

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title: Wikiversity:Statistics