text:
Bash programming

The context for this course is set by the Wikipedia article: the Unix Shell. All examples in the course are executed in the Bash shell. Occasional references are made to the other two more similar shells: sh, and ksh.

The bash shell implements the significant facets of sh and ksh, in alleged upward compatibilty, and has some features of csh, which is quite a different model than the sh, ksh, bash progression.

Different from most shell instruction, and since there is plenty of excellent shell material available, this course assumes the shell function is the organizing principle of any shell program. This course will make frequent use of that material.

Bash is now the pre-eminent user shell in Unix / Linux / and any *nix environment, including BSD and macOS until October 2019 that was replaced by zsh.

Bash Features includes command history, brace expansion and command-line completion among others.

Contents

 * 1)  Introduction:
 * 2) /Bash command-line completion/
 * 3) /Bash History/
 * 4)  Subshells
 * 5) Function Usage
 * 6)  Variables
 * 7)  Loops
 * 8) For Loop
 * 9) While Loop
 * 10) Do While Loop
 * 11)  Conditional Statements
 * 12) Shortcut if Statement
 * 13) If, Else-if, Else Ladder
 * 14) Switch / Case Statement
 * 15)  Interactive Input
 * 16)  Environment variables
 * 17) /Parsing Command-Line Arguments/ (usage function)
 * 18)  Miscellaneous topics
 * 19) Internal file separator (IFS)
 * 20) /error handling/  , read https://www.linuxjournal.com/content/bash-trap-command
 * 21) PID of last command:   (See also:

title: Bash programming


text:
Computer Architecture Lab/WS2007/Project -1 Lab2/Project -1 Lab2

Chain
To get a program into our processor Lucky, the following steps must be taken: - Create a asm file, e.g., test.asm in our "confortable" assembler language - Drag&Drop your asm file onto the Windows batch file "Update ROM File.bat" - - This will create a rom.vhdl for the Lucky processor which is automatically copied into the right directory - Open Quartus and start the Compilation - Burn the Programm onto the FPGA with USBrunner

Update ROM File.bat
Batch file for Drag&Drop compilation

@echo off C: chdir C:\cygwin\bin bash "H:\WinXP\Assembler\mip\asm1.sh" %1 copy C:\cygwin\bin\rom.vhd h:\WinXP\Processor\src\InstructionMemory\ copy C:\cygwin\bin\rom.vhd %1.vhd echo Press Enter to exit. set /p UserName=

createAo.sh
Inserts C Structures and does some substitutions to convert the assembler program into a valid C file

echo Creating Valid ao File... echo "int d1 = -1;" > $1.labels sed -n 's/.*LABEL(\(.*\)).*/int \1=(d1--);/gp' < $1 >> $1.labels grep START\(\) < $1 > $1.check echo /*Starting*/ >$1.temp if [ -s $1.check ]; then cat < $1 >> $1.temp else echo "START" >> $1.temp cat < $1 >> $1.temp fi echo /*Starting*/ >>$1.temp sed '/START/,$d' < $1.temp > $1.beginning echo "START" >> $1.beginning sed '1,/START/d' < $1.temp > $1.ending sed 's/END//g' < $1.ending > $1.ending2 echo "END" >> $1.ending2 cat $1.beginning $1.labels $1.ending2 > $1.merged rm $1.labels rm $1.check rm $1.temp rm $1.beginning rm $1.ending rm $1.ending2 sed -f ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/sedScript1.sed < $1.merged > $1.c rm $1.merged gcc -o ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/asm_res.exe $1.c ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/asm_res.exe > ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/asm_res_pre.ao 2> ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/asm_res_labels.ao ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/adr_res.exe ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/asm_res_pre.ao ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/asm_res_labels.ao   ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/asm_res.ao
 * 1) !/bin/sh

sedScript1.sed
SED script which converts assembler commands into c function names

s/START/#include \"lucky2.h\"\nvoid test\n{\nint pc=0;char\* _l_v=\"\";\nPRE_STARTPROC(\&pc);\n/g s/END/\nENDPROC(\&pc,_l_v);\n}\nint main{test;return 0;}/g s/ADD/ADD_/g s/ADDU/ADDU_/g s/AND/AND_/g s/BZS/BZS_/g s/BOS/BOS_/g s/BON/BON_/g s/BOR/BOR_/g s/JR/JR_/g s/LB/LB_/g s/LLI/LLI_/g s/LW/LW_/g s/MULT/MULT_/g s/MULTU/MULTU_/g s/NOOP/NOOP_/g s/OR/OR_/g s/SB/SB_/g s/SLL/SLL_/g s/SLLV/SLLV_/g s/SRA/SRA_/g s/SRL/SRL_/g s/SRLV/SRLV_/g s/SUB/SUB_/g s/SUBU/SUBU_/g s/SW/SW_/g s/XOR/XOR_/g s/CALL/CALL_/g s/RETURN/RETURN_/g s/BNS/BNS_/g s/BNC/BNC_/g s/BCS/BCS_/g s/BCC/BCC_/g s/BRS/BRS_/g s/BRC/BRC_/g s/BZC/BZC_/g s/TOASCII/TOASCII_/g s/BR(/BR_(/g s/BR (/BR_ (/g
 * 1) sed comment - This script changes macroname-> macroname_
 * 1) ADD ADDU AND BZS BZC BOS BON BOR JR LB LLI LW MULT MULTU NOOP OR SB SLL SLLV SRA SRL SRLV SUB SUBU SW XOR

adr_res.exe / resolvebranches.c
Calculates valid prog. adresses for labels and substitute them within the rom.vhdl

typedef struct S_LABEL{ int name; int location; // line } s_label; FILE* pin_File;		// machine-code with unresolved branches FILE* pin_File2; // file containing label-table FILE* pout_File;	// output file with resolved labels/branches s_label *labelreference; void errorexit(char *msg); void freeResources; void allocateResources(char **argv); void suckTheLabelFileDry; void initArray(char *array); void allocateResources(char **argv){ if((pin_File = fopen(argv[1],"r"))==(FILE *)0){ printf("Can't open file for reading: %s!",argv[1]); errorexit(""); } 	if((pin_File2 = fopen(argv[2],"r"))==(FILE *)0){ printf("Can't open file for reading: %s!",argv[2]); errorexit(""); } 	if((pout_File = fopen(argv[3],"w"))==(FILE *)0){ printf("Can't open file for writing: %s!",argv[3]); errorexit(""); } 	suckTheLabelFileDry; } void suckTheLabelFileDry{ char c = 0; int i = 0; int j = 0; char bend=0; int labelnr = 1; char temp[LABELS_MAX]; int mallocsize = 10; initArray(temp); labelreference = (s_label *)malloc(sizeof(s_label)*mallocsize); memset(labelreference,0,sizeof(s_label)*mallocsize); c = fgetc(pin_File2); while(bend==0){ if(labelnr==mallocsize-1){ mallocsize+=mallocsize; labelreference = (s_label *)realloc(labelreference,sizeof(s_label)*mallocsize); // yeye - memset, null-ref... } 			for(i=0;i<LABELS_MAX;i++){ c=fgetc(pin_File2); if(c=='-')break; temp[i]=c-'0'; j++; } 			labelreference[labelnr].name=arch2int(temp,j); j=0; initArray(temp); for(i=0;i<PC_MAX;i++){ if((c=fgetc(pin_File2))==EOF){ bend=1; break; } 				if(c=='-')break; if(c=='\n'||c=='\r'){ bend=1; break; } 				temp[i]=c-'0'; j++; } 			labelreference[labelnr].location=arch2int(temp,j); labelnr++; j=0; initArray(temp); } 	//test table //printf("DEBUG: Labels stored from Label-only file...\n"); for(i=1;i<labelnr;i++){ //	printf("DEBUG: Leeched lable: #%i name= %i location= %i\n",i,labelreference[i].name,labelreference [i].location); } } void freeResources{ fclose(pin_File); fclose(pin_File2); fclose(pout_File); free(labelreference); } void errorexit(char *msg){ fprintf(stderr,"Error! %s",msg); freeResources; exit(1); } void initArray(char *array){ int i = 0; for(i=0;i<sizeof(array)/sizeof(array[0]);i++){ array[i]=0; } } int arch2int(char *label, int j){ int result = 0; result+=(label[0])*(int)pow(10,j-1); if(j==2) result+=(label[1]); if(j==3) result+=(label[1])*10+label[2]; return result; } char *hex_to_bin_array[] = { "0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", "0100" , "0101", "0110", "0111", "1000", "1001" 	, "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111" }; char* hex_to_bin (char* input, int length) { int index = 0; int inplength = 0; int array_index; char tempbuf[100]=""; char *resbuf = (char*) malloc (17); while (input[index] != 0) { 		if ((input[index] >= 48) && (input[index] <= 57)) {       			array_index = input[index] - 48; } 		else if ((input[index] >= 65) && (input[index] <= 70)) { 			array_index = input[index] - 55; } 		else if ((input[index] >= 97) && (input[index] <= 102)) { 			array_index = input[index] - 87; } 		else { 			index ++; continue; } 		strcat (tempbuf, hex_to_bin_array [array_index]); index ++; inplength ++; } 	if (inplength*4 > length) { 		strcpy (resbuf, tempbuf + inplength*4 - length); } 	else { 		strcpy (resbuf, "0000000000000000"); strcpy (resbuf + length - inplength * 4, tempbuf); } 	return resbuf; } void resolveBranches{ int currentline = 0; // count line numbers int c = 0;	// buffer character int tempc = 0; int i = 0; int j = 0; int relative = 0; char relativebinary[17]; int looklabel = 0; char temp[LABELS_MAX]; initArray(temp); while((c=fgetc(pin_File))!=EOF){ if(c=='\n') currentline++; if(c==':') currentline--; if(c=='-'){ for(i=0;i0){ relative=labelreference[looklabel].location-(currentline-1); //				printf("DEBUG: New relative jump to label #%i: %i - %i = %i\n",labelreference [looklabel].name,labelreference[looklabel].location,currentline,relative); sprintf(relativebinary,"%x",relative); //				printf("DEBUG: Relative jump (binary): %s\n",hex_to_bin(relativebinary,16)); fputs(hex_to_bin(relativebinary,16),pout_File); } 		} 		if(c!='#'&&c!='!'&&c!='-'){ fputc(c,pout_File); } 	} } int main(int argc, char **argv){ allocateResources(argv); resolveBranches; freeResources; return 0; }
 * 1) include
 * 2) include
 * 3) include
 * 4) include
 * 1) define PC_MAX 4	// 4 decimal, 12 bit PC
 * 2) define LABELS_MAX 3 // max. amount of labels supposed

asm1.sh
Preprocesses the assembler file converts the Lucky machine code program into a vhdl file

if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then echo Usage: asm.sh source.asm exit 0 fi echo Compiling... gcc -E $1 > $1.ao ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/mip.exe $1.ao $1.bin echo Converting... ~/WinXP/Assembler/mip/romconv.exe $1.bin rom 32 12 cp rom.vhd ~/WinXP/Processor/src/InstructionMemory/ cat  $1.vhd echo echo Cleaning... rm $1.bin
 * 1) ./$1.ao > $1.ao2

mip.c
Converts ascii machine code file into a binary file

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {    int letter; int bin; int counter; FILE *fsrc = fopen(argv[1], "r"); FILE *fdest = fopen(argv[2] ,"wb"); if (fsrc == NULL) {      	 printf("MIP-Error: Bad source file name!"); return 1; }    if (fdest == NULL) {     	printf("MIP-Error: Can't open destination file!"); return 2; }     counter = 0; bin    = 0; while( ( letter = fgetc( fsrc ) ) != EOF) { 	if (letter == '\n') continue; if (letter == '1') { 	   bin |= 1 << (7 - counter); }        counter++; if (counter == 8) {    	    fputc (bin, fdest); //printf ("%x", bin); counter = 0; bin    = 0; }    }     if (counter>0) {        fputc (bin, fdest); }    fclose (fsrc); fclose (fdest); return 0; }
 * 1) include
 * 2) include

lucky2.h
C Functions that substitute the assembler commands. They consists of printf functions to create machinecode

 * 1) include
 * 2) include
 * 3) include
 * 1) define EXTENSION &pc

 * 1) define LABEL(a)  a=LABEL_NEW(&a,EXTENSION);
 * 1) define TOASCII_(S,T,D)  TOASCII(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 2) define ADD_(S,T,D)  ADD(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 3) define ADDU_(S,T,D) ADDU(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 4) define AND_(S,T,D)  AND(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 1) define BZS_(I)		BZS(I,EXTENSION)
 * 2) define BR_(I) 	    	BR(I,EXTENSION)
 * 3) define BOS_(I) 	BOS(I,EXTENSION)
 * 4) define BON_(I) 	BON(I,EXTENSION)
 * 5) define BOR_(I) 	BOR(I,EXTENSION)
 * 6) define BZC_(I) 	BZC(I,EXTENSION)
 * 7) define BSS_(I) 	BSS(I,EXTENSION)
 * 8) define BSC_(I) 	BSS(I,EXTENSION)
 * 9) define BNC_(I) 	BNC(I,EXTENSION)
 * 10) define BNS_(I) 	BNS(I,EXTENSION)
 * 11) define BR__(I) 	BR(I,EXTENSION)
 * 12) define BRS_(I) 	BRS(I,EXTENSION)
 * 13) define BRC_(I) 	BRC(I,EXTENSION)
 * 1) define JR_(S)       JR(S,EXTENSION)
 * 2) define LB_(S,T)     LB(S,T,EXTENSION)
 * 3) define LLI_(T,I)    LLI(T,I,EXTENSION)
 * 4) define LW_(S,D)     LW(S,D,EXTENSION)	/* S ... Adresse, D ... Zielregister*/
 * 1) define MULT_(S,T,D) MULT(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 2) define MULTU_(S,T,D) MULTU(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 3) define NOOP_      NOOP(EXTENSION)
 * 4) define OR_(S,T,D)   OR(S,T,D,EXTENSION)

 * 1) define SB_(S,T)     SB(S,T,EXTENSION)
 * 2) define SLL_(T,D,I)  SLL(T,D,I,EXTENSION)
 * 3) define SLLV_(S,T,D) SLLV(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 4) define SRA_(T,D,I)  SRA(T,D,I,EXTENSION)
 * 5) define SRL_(D,T,I)  SRL(D,T,I,EXTENSION)
 * 6) define SRLV_(S,T,D) SRLV(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 1) define SUB_(S,T,D)  SUB(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 2) define SUBU_(S,T,D) SUBU(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 3) define SW_(S,T)     SW(S,T,EXTENSION)		  /* S ... Adressregister, T ... value*/
 * 4) define XOR_(S,T,D)  XOR(S,T,D,EXTENSION)
 * 1) define CALL_(I) 	    CALL(I,EXTENSION)
 * 2) define RETURN_ 	    RETURN(EXTENSION)
 * 1) define io_BUTTON0 "1"
 * 2) define io_BUTTON1 "2"
 * 3) define io_UART_RXD_HAS_NEW_VALUE "4"
 * 4) define io_UART_TXD_READY_TO_SEND "5"
 * 5) define io_UART_GET_RXD_BYTE      "6"
 * 1) define io_WD   "9"
 * 2) define io_LED0 "A"
 * 3) define io_LED1 "B"
 * 4) define io_UART_TXD_SEND_NOW "C"
 * 5) define io_UART_SET_TXD_BYTE "E"
 * 1) define opTOASCII "000011"
 * 1) define opADD  "111100" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000
 * 2) define opADDU "001100" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000
 * 3) define opAND  "101000" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000

/* typedef struct LABEL_TABLE{ int labelname; int labelpc; } s_label_table; */
 * 1) define opBZS  "100010" //## 0000000000  ## I
 * 2) define opBOS  "100001" //## 0000000000  ## I
 * 3) define opBON  "011101" //## 0000000000  ## I
 * 4) define opBOR  "011011" //## 0000000000  ## I
 * 1) define opBNC "010111"
 * 2) define opBNS "011101"
 * 3) define opBZC "011110"
 * 1) define opBR   "010001" //## 0000000000  ## I
 * 1) define opJR   "011000" //## S ## 000000000000000000000
 * 1) define opLLI  "010100" //## 00000 ## T ## I
 * 2) define opLW   "010010" //## S ## 00000 ## D ## 00000000000	/* S ... Adresse, D ... Zielregister*/
 * 1) define opMULT "111001" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000
 * 2) define opMULTU "001001" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000
 * 3) define opNOOP "111111" //## 00000000000000000000000000
 * 4) define opOR   "100111" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000
 * 1) define opSLL  "110011" //## 00000 ## T ## D ## I ## 000000
 * 2) define opSLLV "110000" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000
 * 3) define opSRA  "101110" //## 00000 ## T ## D ## I ## 000000
 * 4) define opSRL  "101101" //## 00000 ## T ## D ## I ## 000000
 * 5) define opSRLV "101011" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000
 * 1) define opSUB  "111010" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000
 * 2) define opSUBU "001010" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000
 * 3) define opSW   "001111" //## S ## T ## 0000000000000000		  /* S ... Adressregister, T ... value*/
 * 4) define opXOR  "100100" //## S ## T ## D ## 00000000000
 * 1) define START_MEM_REG 1
 * 2) define NUM_OF_MEM_REG 8

int UART_SEND 		= -100000; int UART_SEND_INT0 	= -100001; int UART_SEND_MEM 	= -100002; int CALL_INT0 		= -100004; int RETURN_INT0 	= -100005; int START_INT0 		= -100006; int UART_SEND_MEM_INT0 	= -100007; int DEBUG_SEND_INT0	= -100008; int UART_RECV 		= -100009; int UART_RECV_INT0 	= -100010; //int stackIsInitializued = 0; char *hex_to_bin_array[] = { "0000", "0001", "0010", "0011", "0100", "0101", "0110", "0111", "1000", "1001"	, "1010", "1011", "1100", "1101", "1110", "1111"	};

char* hex_to_bin (char* input, int length) {	int index = 0; int inplength = 0; int array_index; char tempbuf[100]=""; char *resbuf = (char*) malloc (17); //printf("Input: %s", input);

while (input[index] != 0) {		if ((input[index] >= 48) && (input[index] <= 57)) { 				array_index = input[index] - 48; }		else if ((input[index] >= 65) && (input[index] <= 70)) {			array_index = input[index] - 55; }		else if ((input[index] >= 97) && (input[index] <= 102)) {			array_index = input[index] - 87; }		else {			index ++; continue; }		strcat (tempbuf, hex_to_bin_array [array_index]); //printf ("Char: -%c-, ArrayIndex: %d, Strcat:%s, Tempbuf:%s\n",input[index], array_index, hex_to_bin_array [array_index],tempbuf); index ++; inplength ++; }	if (inplength*4 > length) {		strcpy (resbuf, tempbuf + inplength*4 - length); }	else {		strcpy (resbuf, "0000000000000000"); strcpy (resbuf + length - inplength * 4, tempbuf); }		return resbuf; } /*ASCII char to hex-string*/ char* A2S (char inp) {	char *buf = (char*) malloc (3); sprintf(buf, "%x", (int)inp); return buf; } void printSTI (char *op, char* regS, char* regT, char* im) {	char temp[33];

strcpy (temp, op); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (regS, 5)); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (regT, 5)); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (im,  16));

printf ("%s\n", temp); }

void printSTImCrude (char *op, char* regS, char* regT, char* im) {	char temp[33];

strcpy (temp, op); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (regS, 5)); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (regT, 5)); strcat (temp, im); printf ("%s\n", temp); }

void printSTDI (char *op, char* regS, char* regT, char* regD,char* im) {	char temp[33];

strcpy (temp, op); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (regS, 5)); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (regT, 5)); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (regD, 5)); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (im,  5)); strcat (temp, "000000"); printf ("%s\n", temp); }

void printTSD (char *op, char* regT, char* regS, char* regD) {	char temp[33];

strcpy (temp, op); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (regS, 5)); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (regT, 5)); strcat (temp, hex_to_bin (regD, 5)); strcat (temp, "00000000000");

printf ("%s\n", temp); }

void TOASCII (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opTOASCII, regT, regS, regD); (*pc)++; }

void LW (char* regD, char* regS, int *pc) {	printTSD (opLW, "0", regS, regD); (*pc)++; }

void NOOP (int *pc) {	char temp[33]; strcpy (temp, opNOOP); strcat (temp, "00000000000000000000000000"); printf ("%s\n", temp); (*pc)++; }

void JR (char* regS, int *pc) {	printTSD (opJR, "0", regS, "0"); (*pc)++; }

void SW (char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {		printTSD (opSW, regT, regS, "0"); (*pc)++; }

char* handleBr(int jump_pc, int *pc) {	int rel_pc = 0; static char Im[33]; char* ret; int i=0;

//	char temp[50];

//	strncpy(temp, jmpName, 50); //	strncat(temp, "\0",2); //	printf("CHECK %i - %s END CHECK\n",jump_pc, temp);

//	for(i=0;i<LABEL_MAX_AMOUNT;i++){ //		if((jump_pc ==labels[i].labelname)){ //			if((rel_pc=labels[i].labelpc - (*pc))<0){ //				rel_pc = rel_pc ^ 0xFFFF; //				rel_pc += 1; //			} //		break; //		} //	}

sprintf(Im, "%x", rel_pc); ret = hex_to_bin (Im,16);

//printf("DEBUG ret=%i",ret); if(jump_pc < 0) { sprintf (Im, "#!%i",jump_pc); //	printf("Im = %s\n", Im); //ret = hex_to_bin ("0000000000000000", 16);//Im; ret = Im; //	printf("RET=%s\n",ret); } else { rel_pc = jump_pc - (*pc) ; sprintf (Im, "%x", rel_pc); ret = hex_to_bin (Im, 16); } //	fprintf(stdout,"DEBUG-INFO: New branching to %i from %i: %s\n",jump_pc,(*pc),ret); return ret; }

//void BZS (int jump_pc, char* jmpName,int *pc) void BZS(int jump_pc, int *pc) {	printSTImCrude (opBZS, "0", "0", handleBr(jump_pc, pc)); (*pc)++; }

void BZC (int jump_pc, int *pc) {	printSTImCrude (opBZC, "0", "0", handleBr(jump_pc, pc)); (*pc)++; }

void BNS (int jump_pc, int *pc) {	printSTImCrude (opBNS, "0", "0", handleBr(jump_pc, pc)); (*pc)++; }

void BNC (int jump_pc, int *pc) {	printSTImCrude (opBNC, "0", "0", handleBr(jump_pc, pc)); (*pc)++; }

void BOR (int jump_pc, int *pc) {	printSTImCrude (opBOR, "0", "0", handleBr(jump_pc,  pc)); (*pc)++; }

void BOS (int jump_pc, int *pc) {	printSTImCrude (opBOS, "0", "0", handleBr(jump_pc,  pc)); (*pc)++; }

void BR (int jump_pc, int *pc) {	printSTImCrude (opBR, "0", "0", handleBr(jump_pc, pc)); (*pc)++; }

void myBRrel (int relWidth, int *pc) {	static char Im[33]; sprintf (Im, "%x", relWidth); printSTImCrude (opBR, "0", "0", hex_to_bin (Im, 16)); (*pc)++; }

void SSLV (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opSLLV, regT, regS, regD); (*pc)++; }

void SUBU (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opSUBU, regT, regS, regD); (*pc)++; }

void SUB (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opSUB, regT, regS, regD); (*pc)++; }

void ADD (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opADD, regT, regS, regD); (*pc)++; }

void MULT (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opMULT, regT, regS, regD);(*pc)++; }

void MULTU (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opMULTU, regT, regS, regD);(*pc)++; }

void ADDU (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opADDU, regT, regS, regD);(*pc)++; }

void AND (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opAND, regT, regS, regD);(*pc)++; }

void SRL (char* regD, char* regT, char* Im,int *pc) {	printSTDI (opSRL, "0", regT, regD, Im); (*pc)++; }

void SLL (char* regD, char* regT, char* Im,int *pc) {	printSTDI (opSLL, "0", regT, regD, Im); (*pc)++; }

void OR (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opOR, regT, regS, regD);(*pc)++; }

void SRLV (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opSRLV, regT, regS, regD);(*pc)++; }

void XOR (char* regD, char* regS, char* regT, int *pc) {	printTSD (opXOR, regT, regS, regD);(*pc)++; }

void LLI (char* regT, char* Im, int *pc) {	printSTI (opLLI, "0", regT, Im); (*pc)++; }

void LOAD_BIG_NUMBER(char* target, char* tempReg,char* Im, int *pc) {	int i= 0; char bufLow[5]="0000\0"; char bufHigh[5]="0000\0"; bufLow[4]=0; bufHigh[5]=0; for(i=strlen(Im)-1;i>=0;i--){ if(i>3){ bufLow[i-4] = Im[i]; } else { bufHigh[i] = Im[i]; }	}						LLI(target,bufHigh,pc); 		//LoadHighbyte: SLL(target,target,"10",pc); LLI(tempReg,bufLow,pc); ADD(target,target,tempReg,pc); }

int LABEL_NEW (int *newLabel, int *pc) {	fprintf(stderr, "#!%i:%i\n", (*newLabel), (*pc)); return (*pc); }

void ENDPROC (int *pc,char *labelStr) {	//fprintf(stderr,"DEBUG INFO: Reached end at %i, Labels:\n%s",(*pc),labelStr); }

void savePCtoReg (char* regT, int pc) {	char Im[33]; sprintf (Im, "%x", pc); printSTI (opLLI, "0", regT, Im); }

char * intToAscii(const char * regStr) { int n,i = 0; int sLen = strlen(regStr); char *resbuf = (char*) malloc (2*sLen); char *beginning = resbuf; for(i=0;i<sLen;i++){ n = sprintf (resbuf, "%X", regStr[i]); resbuf+=2; }	return beginning; }

void CALL(int jmpLabel,int *pc) {	ADD("1B","0","1F",pc); BR(CALL_INT0, pc); BR(jmpLabel,pc); }

void RETURN(int *pc) {	BR(RETURN_INT0, pc); } void RAMENTER_INT0(char* regBeginn,char *regSize,char *incre, const char* asciiStr, int *pc) {	int stLen = strlen(asciiStr); int i =0; char buff[3] = "000"; char lenBuff[33]; buff[2]=0;

LLI (incre,"1",pc);

char * hexStr = intToAscii(asciiStr); for(i=0;i1B ADD("9",availibleMemoryAdress,"0",pc);	//overwrite "9" with the value to show (if we check "1D" it now still has the correct value, not altered by DebugSend) LLI("1C","1",pc);			//load 1 for decrementing SUB("1D","1D","1C",pc); 		//decrement Stackpointer SW("1D","1B",pc); 			//"push" 1B=Original "9" on stack SUB("1D","1D","1C",pc); 		//decrement Stackpointer SW("1D","A",pc); 			//"push" "A" on stack LLI("A",availibleMemoryAdress,pc);	//overwrite "A" with the register number to show CALL(DEBUG_SEND_INT0,pc); LLI("1C","1",pc);			//load 1 for decrementing LW("A","1D",pc);			//"pop" A	ADD("1D","1D","1C",pc);			//inc stack LW("9","1D",pc);			//"pop" 9 ADD("1D","1D","1C",pc);			//inc stack } void UART_SEND_STRING(const char* asciiStr,int *pc) {	int stLen = strlen(asciiStr); int i;	char buff[3] = "000"; buff[2]=0; char * hexStr = intToAscii(asciiStr); for(i=0;i=0;i--){ sprintf (byteBuff, "%X",i); LLI("2",byteBuff,pc); TOASCII("9", "3", "2", pc); CALL(UART_SEND,pc); }	UART_SEND_STRING("\n\r",pc); RETURN(pc); } void UART_SEND_MEM_FUNC(int *pc) {	char* sendMemoryStart = "9"; char* sendMemoryLength = "A"; char* sendContent = "9"; char* tempReg1 = "3"; UART_SEND_MEM = LABEL_NEW (&UART_SEND_MEM, pc); LLI (tempReg1,"1",pc); ADD("1",sendMemoryStart,"0",pc); ADD("2",sendMemoryLength,"0",pc); UART_SEND_MEM_INT0 = LABEL_NEW (&UART_SEND_MEM_INT0, pc); LW(sendContent,"1",pc); CALL(UART_SEND,pc); ADD("1","1",tempReg1,pc); SUB("2","2",tempReg1,pc); BZC (UART_SEND_MEM_INT0,pc);					// if we are done leave RETURN(pc); } void UART_RECV_FUNC(int *pc) {	char* tempReg1 = "1"; UART_RECV = LABEL_NEW(&UART_RECV, pc); LLI (tempReg1,io_UART_RXD_HAS_NEW_VALUE,pc); UART_RECV_INT0 = LABEL_NEW (&UART_RECV_INT0, pc); LW("9",tempReg1,pc); BZS(UART_RECV_INT0,pc); LLI (tempReg1,io_UART_GET_RXD_BYTE,pc); LW("9",tempReg1,pc); RETURN(pc); } void UART_SEND_FUNC(int *pc) {	char* sendContent = "9"; char* tempReg1 = "1"; char* tempReg2 = "2";

UART_SEND = LABEL_NEW(&UART_SEND, pc); LLI (tempReg1,io_UART_TXD_READY_TO_SEND,pc); UART_SEND_INT0 = LABEL_NEW (&UART_SEND_INT0, pc); LW(tempReg2,tempReg1,pc); BZS(UART_SEND_INT0,pc);				//Comment out for simulation LLI (tempReg2, io_UART_SET_TXD_BYTE,pc);		// $2 := Address To UART send now flag SW(tempReg2,sendContent,pc);					// set UART TXD BYTE to $6 LLI (tempReg1,"1",pc); LLI (tempReg2, io_UART_TXD_SEND_NOW,pc); SW(tempReg2,tempReg1,pc);					// trigger UART send now flag SW(tempReg2,"0",pc);					// disable UART send now flag RETURN(pc); }

void PRE_STARTPROC(int *pc) {	LLI("1D","1FF",pc);	//Initialize Stack BR(START_INT0,pc);	//Start User Program

CALL_INT0 = LABEL_NEW (&CALL_INT0, pc);	//Call invoked (reg 0x1B has (callingAddress-1) 	int i;	char memBuff[33];	LLI("1C","1",pc);	//Increment/Decrement	for(i=START_MEM_REG;i<(START_MEM_REG+NUM_OF_MEM_REG);i++) {		sprintf (memBuff, "%X",i);			memBuff[16]='\0';		SUB("1D","1D","1C",pc); //decrement Stackpointer		SW("1D",memBuff,pc); //"push" on stack	}	SUB("1D","1D","1C",pc); //decrement Stackpointer	LLI("1C", "3",pc);	//(callingAddress-1) + 3 = next instr. after a call (return address)	ADD("1C","1C","1B",pc);	//correcting call Address	SW ("1D","1C",pc);	//"push" return address on Stack	LLI("1C", "2",pc);	//(callingAddress-1)+2 = (callingAddress+1) -> next instruction which is the actual branch to the function called	ADD("1B","1B","1C",pc); //correcting backjmp	JR("1B",pc);		//backjmp

RETURN_INT0 = LABEL_NEW (&RETURN_INT0, pc);	//Return invoked

LLI("1C","1",pc); LW("1B","1D",pc); ADD("1D","1D","1C",pc); for(i=(START_MEM_REG+NUM_OF_MEM_REG-1);i>=START_MEM_REG;i--) { sprintf (memBuff, "%X",i); memBuff[16]='\0'; LW(memBuff,"1D",pc); ADD("1D","1D","1C",pc); }	JR("1B",pc); DEBUG_SEND_FUNC(pc); UART_SEND_MEM_FUNC(pc); UART_RECV_FUNC(pc); UART_SEND_FUNC(pc); START_INT0 = LABEL_NEW (&START_INT0, pc); }

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text: File:Plattfields hairypurpleflower2.jpg

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File:Plattfields pinkflower2.jpg

Summary
this is schizostylis coccinea

title: File:Plattfields pinkflower2.jpg


text: File:Plattfields redflower2.jpg

title: File:Plattfields redflower2.jpg


text: File:FIREborn joy.ogg

title: File:FIREborn joy.ogg


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Wikiversity:AutoWikiBrowser

w:Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser

title: Wikiversity:AutoWikiBrowser


text: File:FIREborn fast like the wind.ogg

title: File:FIREborn fast like the wind.ogg


text: File:FIREborn in orbit.ogg

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User:Thejerm

Find me at Wikipedia, News, or Commons.

title: User:Thejerm


text:
User talk:Thejerm

Welcome
Hello Thejerm, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
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 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 16:29, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thejerm


text:
User talk:Calab07

Welcome
Hello Calab07, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 16:30, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Calab07


text:
User talk:Bookofchange

Welcome
Hello Bookofchange, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
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 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 16:32, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bookofchange


text:
User talk:Chermann

Welcome
Hello Chermann, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 16:33, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Image:IsaI.pdf
Please provide license and source information for this image. Thanks. – Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb 22:43, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chermann


text:
User talk:Josh Sandlin

Welcome
Hello Josh Sandlin, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 16:36, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

redirect
I saw this - where do you need the redirect to ? More about the redirect command you can find here: w:Wikipedia:Redirect. Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 16:48, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

Moved "Linux Programming" to [Bash Programming]
I think that as a topic, Bash should be covered outside of Linux specifically. There are lots of Unix variants that use bash, and most of the examples I can think of can be portable to any Unix. So I've "been bold" and moved the page. Feel free to message me if you disagree or have other points. I do think that a course on Linux ought to have a Bash component, but other courses should also incorporate this. Let me know what you think. Historybuff 17:08, 16 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Josh Sandlin


text:
User talk:Redaster

Welcome
Hello Redaster, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
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 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 16:39, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Redaster


text:
User talk:Hongli529

Hello,

unfortunately I do not understand the content of this page. Could you write it in a language which suits to this Wikiversity ? And/or also explain what it means ? Below you have more info on Wikiversity, Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 16:54, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

Welcome
Hello Hongli529, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 16:54, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hongli529


text:
User:Mike Serfas

w:User:Mike Serfas

title: User:Mike Serfas


text: Sustainable development

title: Sustainable development


text:
User talk:Erkan Yilmaz/Archive

 * User talk:Erkan Yilmaz/Archive1
 * User talk:Erkan Yilmaz/Archive2
 * User talk:Erkan Yilmaz/Archive3
 * User talk:Erkan Yilmaz/Archive4

title: User talk:Erkan Yilmaz/Archive


text:
User talk:Erkan Yilmaz/Archive1

Welcome!
Here's a nice warm welcome to Wikiversity. Yes, if you have questions, please feel free to contact me. If I happen to be away, the colloquium is also a good place to ask questions about the site. See you around! --HappyCamper 18:55, 27 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you my friend, will do so. --Erkan Yilmaz 08:00, 28 November 2006 (UTC)

Navigation template
Template:Navigation:Topic:Software testing --- Is that what you mean?--Hillgentleman|User talk 01:47, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi Hillgentleman, great. it works now. Thx a lot. --Erkan Yilmaz 07:55, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi Erkan, I'm glad it's fixed. I'll be back after the 2nd. --HappyCamper 22:44, 28 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Thank you very much HappyCamper. I will try to also involve others in the course. Come back safe + sound. --Erkan Yilmaz 08:43, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Nav talk
I've created another one, named Template:Navigation:Topic:Software testing talk. If edited correctly, it could include both german and english on the list, allowing for multiligule links.--Rayc 17:12, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Hey Rayc, great idea. I could implement this also in German. I also did something good for you on your user page :-) Thx again buddy. --Erkan Yilmaz 19:07, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * Another advantage for course-participants: with this they can very fast go through all discussion-pages (if they did not activate their watchlist for the discussions). --Erkan Yilmaz 19:47, 29 November 2006 (UTC)
 * so, now also German course talk pages have their own navigation :-) --Erkan Yilmaz 19:58, 29 November 2006 (UTC)

Interwiki links
Perhaps you can find relevant information here --meta:help:interwiki linking. I do not remember where the exact discussion is.--Hillgentleman|User talk 03:24, 30 November 2006 (UTC)
 * I will give it a try. Thx for the links Hillgentleman. --Erkan Yilmaz 12:08, 30 November 2006 (UTC)

Watch List
Do you mean Special:watchlist, w:Special:watchlist? But you must sign in (or keep yourself signed in) to read your watchlist. This is about privacy.

On the other hand, Special:Contributions/Erkan Yilmaz w:Special:Contributions/Erkan Yilmaz is public.--Hillgentleman|User talk 04:10, 1 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hello Hillgentleman, thx 4 answering. I meant the Special:watchlist, w:Special:watchlist. I will clarify this more in the original posting. I could also imagine, that I could get a daily digest for each wiki by mail. --Erkan Yilmaz 06:49, 1 December 2006 (UTC)

Software tutors
I think I might of misunderstood what the purpose of the course was. It looks like you want to teach people how to test software, not actually be the people who test software.--Rayc 22:23, 7 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hi Rayc, to test good, first they should know the techniques how this can be done. But then I invite everybody to test everywhere and everything :-) --Erkan Yilmaz 00:58, 8 December 2006 (UTC)

Game Critiques
Hi Erkan, life has been busy lately so I haven't been online as much as before but I'm quite happy you've come by the Board Game Design pages. If you have any ideas at all, feel free to add. I recommend reading through the "Board Game Designers Forum" Wiki for inspiration, as well as a few of the other links on the main Boardgame Design pages. So you're Turkish, or German, or both? Welcome to Wikiversity. --Dnjkirk 13:36, 18 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Hello Dnjkirk, thank you for the fast feedback. Will read the recommended pages.
 * about me: my parents come from Turkey and I am born in Germany. So I know both cultures, which helps a lot. More to come, when we know each other better :-) What about you? You have an interesting background with military. So I guess you also read History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides? In school I had intensive course in history (but unfortunately less about ancient times :-. --Erkan Yilmaz 15:18, 18 December 2006 (UTC)

Pong from Computer Game Development trail or cisLunarFreighter
I have been idle during the Christmas season. I just started checking over the cisLunarFreighter materials and consider what juicy task I wish to undertake in the next week or two to show some visible progress. What types of activity interest you within the context of computer game production? Mirwin 05:18, 13 January 2007 (UTC)

Software testing
I noticed that you had imported and translated a course from the German project. I think it would be worthwhile to try and build up some informal contacts between the various participants now, and maybe evolve that into something more formal in the near future. What are your thoughts? —The preceding unsigned comment was added by Historybuff (talk • contribs) 20:11, 14 January 2007 (UTC).
 * Hello Historybuff, well I defintely want this, but for the moment it seems there are not so many interested people in the course than the tutors. But I think with time it will evolve. What do you propose for formal contact? Erkan Yilmaz (evaluate me!, discussion ) 20:30, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * BTW: I am also helping out in the translation of pages, because I think this will help foster team spirit and attract more people, see e.g.
 * Interlingual Beta Club
 * Wikiversity:Approved Wikiversity project proposal/De :Erkan Yilmaz (evaluate me!, discussion ) 20:34, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

My Idea was to foster sharing some of the courses and maybe even do some kind of a joint research project. I would think this would be a long-term thing. The English project is coming along slowly, but good quality content will attract more participants, some of whom will also participate, I hope. :) When I have some time, I'm going to do a review of the courses -- I think the German CS course you brought over is very good -- it might need a bit of polish to push it up to feature status, which I will help with. Let me know what you think. Historybuff 21:32, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

 * Well, I selected once some Wikiversity projects where there could be participation. But since testing is not limited to some area, it can work with anything. And the more help there is the better. So, feel free to join at any time - please. Erkan Yilmaz (evaluate me!, discussion ) 22:41, 14 January 2007 (UTC)

project incubator
I saw your colloquim note on the project incubator. I think it's a good idea, but the link on the DE site is all German, and I'm an introductory level there, at best. Is there any way you can translate it? I will help clean it up in English. Historybuff 17:13, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Hi Historybuff, I will translate it now. :-) Erkan Yilmaz (evaluate me!, discussion ) 17:46, 21 January 2007 (UTC)

Haven't forgotten
Hi Erkan ... sorry, I've gotten a bit caught up in this, that and the other over the past little bit. I wanted to try and put more effort into this. How do you think the best way would be to proceed? I'd like to see if we could foster some sort of co-operative project. Let me know what you think. Historybuff 05:48, 16 March 2007 (UTC) ---
 * Hello Historybuff, at the moment I am also busy with different things, so I am not sure when I could continue. Also one reason is: so far I did not see that much kicking benefit resulting for both Wikiversity's. Well, perhaps we are still too small and have not so many members willing to help. So I have decided to involve myself more in the German Wikiversity as custodian. Let's see what the future will tell. Erkan Yilmaz (evaluate me!, discussion ) 06:27, 17 March 2007 (UTC)

Welcome
Hello. Thanks for the welcome on my page. I'm still trying to get the hang of everything. --Sjohnson 02:48, 25 August 2007 (UTC)

Hi, Erkan Thank you for your message. It is my first time to edit the Wiki page. It is a wonderful learning experience. I know little about web page design. However, I would like convey the Wiki model to my institute, Kaohsiung Medical University in Taiwan. My speciality is Internal Medicine.

probationary custodian
Please become familiar with the reading list at Probationary custodians. Thanks for your service to the Wikiversity community. --JWSchmidt 15:16, 26 August 2007 (UTC) Of course, will do so. Have started today and will continue reading. Erkan Yilmaz (evaluate me!, discussion ) 15:30, 26 August 2007 (UTC)

logging in
Hi Erkan,

My computer has lost my password and I do not currently feel like wading through six months of spam in my email box to recover a new password. By signing my user account I have provided a link where you can conveniently leave me a message. I found your request on the page for the IP address only because I was looking over recent changes. Talk to you later. user:mirwin
 * Did you provide an email when registering ? If so, just put at the login page a wrong password and you will be emailed a temporary pwd.
 * The problem is: we do not know, if you are really user:mirwin. Imagine: would you want that another person walks around in the world and tells at every comment - btw: my name is ... :-) Erkan Yilmaz (evaluate me!, discussion ) 07:29, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

format issues with images
The image (to the right) shows what my blog page looks like when viewed on an old laptop with limited screen resolution. Many people are still limited to 1024 pixels in the horizontal dimension, so it is a good idea to make sure that enough room is left on wiki pages so that text is not forced into too narrow of a column. --JWSchmidt 14:39, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Question
Do users block the Wikiversitians?--Chocoman 22:33, 1 September 2007 (UTC)Chocoman
 * Well some users - the so called custodians - may block other people from Wikiversity. But only if they act against Wikiversity policy, see here. May I ask, what makes you ask ? Do you experience problems ? Erkan Yilmaz (evaluate me!, discussion ) 05:41, 2 September 2007 (UTC)

Thanks
Hey, thanks for the welcome on my page. I hope my contributions are alright because i am new to the layout of the wikiversity site compared to that of the wiki page. --Mickyfitz13 19:07, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello Mickyfitz13, you are doing fine. I just wanted to add the catgeory physics to one of your pages and got a edit conflict, because you already added it. :-) So you definitely have experience. I am sure, you will do great here and we will do great with you :-) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 19:11, 3 September 2007 (UTC)

Template talk:Wikiversity statistics
for your interest. Hillgentleman|Talk 09:33, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello Hillgentleman, nice to meet you again. I am more active again here. Cool idea. Do you know if this causes server load for the wikimedia server ? Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 10:09, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The pre/post expansion size limit are 1M (or perhaps 2M). This template consists of texts, and it is only a one-level substitution.  I think even some deletion templates, which has pictures, are bigger.  The only time when server load might matter is when we have a multi-stage recursion, like m:template:square root A, or a template with many switches, like template:game of life  - but  so far these two work without hindrance. Hillgentleman|Talk 10:21, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Ok. Thank you for your time and the explanation. Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 10:25, 4 September 2007 (UTC)

What you should know.... Apptitude Test
I have not idea. All I know is (a) I received them by e-mail and (b) I saved them because the results were spot-on in my case! Have you tried them yet? What would you like to know before taking them? Your question has me perplexed. Shir-El too 22:46, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
 * It is not to make you perplex. But you must see it also like this: every page created on Wikiversity represents WV. So we should make clear that this is just the begin of the project apptitude test, we are still collecting data by participants who want to share their views/results. It is a project which will certainly change course during run time. E.g. it would be worthwile to find out who is the author of the test you got mailed - perhaps there is some data collected about people taking the test ?
 * If it worked for you, that is great, but it is no guarantee at all, that it works for others too or not. And if it does not work, people could get a wrong impression :-( Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 23:34, 5 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree to both. BTW, Jayc did some programming for the test, but I wrote that it would not be appropirate; it was part of the original discussion that all test results would be annonyous, for the testee's use only (unless I misunderstood his efforts?). Please check our discussion pages. 'Read' [as in 'see'] you next week. Thank you, Shir-El too 15:18, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Thanks lots!
I'm looking around for ways to teach my native English and learn about seven languages over the next six years. I'm putting time into Wikipedia but really don't know where I could be most useful. Any suggestions? Oh, yeah... I'm learning how to edit for Wikipedia properly now. Thanks again!

H Bunny Kurtzwilde

P.S. I wanted to use the link to give you positive feedback but I'm afraid my German isn't up to the challenge of the test page. Sorry.--HBKurtzwilde 19:25, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Hello H Bunny Kurtzwilde,

 * Well one way would be to start here: School:Language and literature. Or you come into the chat. See the welcome message at your userpage. Then we can faster exchange info, ok ? I guess you mean Wikiversity (not Wikipedia). :-) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 19:34, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Thanks!
Look forward to adding and editing articles on Networking as my own knowledge expands! Thanks for the help.. Jezarnold 11:16, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
 * As said, feel free to contact me or others on our user pages as you did or visit the Chat. Hope we establish some great work together. Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 11:18, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

slm
naber
 * iyilik, sende ? Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 19:06, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

Copied text from wikipedia
I have changed the article on Primary storage. Akshar100, 11:22, 10 September 2007
 * Thank you very much. Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 11:28, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

Apptitude Test 'form' program
I have given this program for taking the apptitude tests a great deal of thought in the past few days. I am not comfortable with the idea. I myself would not fill out such a grid if I found it while brousing the Internet, and I don't see why I or any other visitor should apply different trust criteria here on WV. Besides, it is not germain to the purpose of the page. Paper and pencil are still widely avaialbe items, even in this computer age, and far more private.

Now: may I ask you to try out the tests and give your evaluations of them (without scores)? Thank you. Shir-El too 03:04, 16 September 2007 (UTC) PS I don't remember where the last message on this topic was left, so this message will go on all the talk pages I can remember. Tks.
 * my answer, Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 10:23, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Perhaps a test
Thanks for pointing me to this - I'll move it to my talk page.. Cormaggio talk 01:05, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Can you see the new table? (color problem)
Thanks for the picture of the current table. Please tell me what the new table looks like? Is the problem fixed? ~ Robert Elliott 08:14, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I just replaced it, see here please. Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 08:16, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Hopefully, there will be no ill side effects.  I changed a few links which were redirects and updated some of the names where were old.  Hopefully, I did not make any mistakes.  ~ Robert Elliott 08:24, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello Robert, thank you for telling. This was important, since this would influence many (new) users, because it is on the main page. I have uploaded the new view on JWSchmidt's page.
 * I will also check out the links to make sure they still work. Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 08:27, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Well the links seem to work, though best would be if John or someone else longer here would check them also out if they are the intended ones :-) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 08:30, 23 September 2007 (UTC)
 * See reply at Colloquium. ~ Robert Elliott 15:44, 23 September 2007 (UTC)

That is multimedia...
Screen savers is "multimedia". I only do motion pictures which is a TOTALLY different technology. I keep trying to explain that to people but everyone assumed I know something about multimedia which I don't. Robert Elliott 18:40, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
 * Excuse me please - I just thought perhaps you had experience with it. If you know someone else, would be happy to get some ideas. Thank you again for your time. Erkan Yilmaz ( my talk page, wiki blog ) 18:49, 25 September 2007 (UTC)

salting
Erkan, There are two common methods in salting a page. One is delete, recreate as a blank page with no history, and fully protect it (not semi-protect, because the page should not be there in the first place).

The other is to delete in and put in under a cascading protection, as in m:WM:SALT.Hillgentleman|Talk 06:47, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

My point is, that what you did was okay, but it leaves the spamming in the page history. Hillgentleman|Talk 06:50, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Hello, thanks for the hint. Have learned again more. Will use the cascading from now on. Erkan Yilmaz ( my talk page, wiki blog ) 17:09, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

thanks
Thanks for the warm welcome!!!

--Brian Cowell 16:55, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

remixing catalhoyuk
Hi!

Thanks for your help! My work day is done, so I will finish up tomorrow! Also, a license for one of my images will not show up. It is mound.png. I've tried to assigned it with a cc-by 3.0, but it won't work. Anyways, thanks for your help!

lizzy, 23:52, 16 October 2007
 * Hello, interesting - as I see cc-by 3.0 works for other pictures. Perhaps it is only something with the cache ? I have added it afterwards (see ) - please make sure, it is the one licence that you want.
 * If this happens also with other files, do not hesitate to contact me or one of the other custodians. See you around here. Erkan Yilmaz ( my talk page, wiki blog ) 00:02, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

Thanks
I'll check out that pre-tertiary portal then :) --Epinephrine 19:31, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Great, I hope we can convince you to participate here. You can also find us in the chat (see your talk page), Erkan Yilmaz ( my talk page, wiki blog ) 19:55, 17 October 2007 (UTC)

new page - new user
As I do not find my new page when I search for it, I cannot tell if the new page has been created. Im used to the "upload" concept. Thanks CharlieS, 18:11, 18 October 2007
 * No worries, new things always are different and therefore interesting. I hope you enjoy your time here. If you have questions, please ask - also in the chat (see your talk page). Erkan Yilmaz ( my talk page, wiki blog ) 18:20, 18 October 2007 (UTC)

Links to Wiki
Surely the summary of an article can be used as a link to Wikipedia? I thought it was a good idea.
 * Dear user, unfortunately you did not provide a link which edit you mean. So I can not check this. I also checked your IP, but there is only one edit. Please consider written communication is always a loss of info. Could you please provide me the info, so I can help you ? Best would be, if you get a useraccount here. Thank you very much, Erkan Yilmaz ( my talk page, wiki blog ) 05:33, 20 October 2007 (UTC)

Hello again... and goodbye
In the last few weeks I've become more and more active on WP {same user name}, together with the realization that I don't learn well in this WV environment; I've been too unstructured for most of my life, so the stimulus of a buffet works better for me. But I didn't want to leave without saying goodbye - and thank you - and hope to meet you around the Wiki-verse 'sometime again.' Be Well and God Bless, Shir-El too 19:17, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Reading Club
Hello Daanschr, I was wondering if you are going to write this to many users ? As I see in the Colloquium this was not finished talking about or ? People interested in this could find it about an announcement in the Colloquium, don't you think ? Wouldn't it also be better to use the Mediawiki:Sitenotice for this ? then users who login see this Sitenotice. Or post an entry at Announcements. Instead now flooding the Wikiversity, we could start slow and when we see there is not so much reaction, we could think of other means. What do you say ? Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 09:42, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Erkan,
 * I supposed that there is nothing wrong with an invitation. Sending a sitenotice is an excellent idea. I didn't intend to start something large. If there are a lot of participants for the reading clubs, than there could be started a lot of reading clubs at the same time. The structure is pretty simple, just reading and discussing books.--Daanschr 09:53, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * Hello Daanschr, I agree to the idea of the reading clubs, but I was just wondering if the actions for initiating this could be done in a not-so-aggressive way. Often it is better to start in a pilot project and then see how it goes and then learn from the experiences and then extend it in a larger way. Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 10:12, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * You are right. It is good to remain polite and not to press on to others. I only need a few participants for the reading club. Do you have a suggestion on the method of advertising?--Daanschr 10:36, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * How about asking this in the colloquium ? Then more people see this and can add means besides the Mediawiki:Sitenotice and Announcements. I am sure that the people who so far joined the discusison there would participate, so you have to find a common topic for all the people there and can start already. Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 10:40, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

help
how can i participate in the learning with Wiki

erol inelmen assis.prof.

turkey

http://inelmen.boun.edu.tr/contact.html

 * Hello, one starting point could be to get some overview here: Template:Welcome. Also it could help to have a look here: Main Page/Draft version 0.2. If you are new to wiki in general, you could have a look here: Help:Editing and try this out at the Sandbox. I am not sure, if I succeeded in answering your request ? If not, please detail more in which part you need information. Also: you could visit us at the Chat where we immediately can answer your questions. What do you say ? Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 11:22, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

Thanks Loads, just one more question
Well, Hello Erkan

On the Help Desk, you helped me , you posted a Link to start a new topic , but , may i ask , how you got to that point , how do you start a new page/topic. Thanks very much in advance (PS. If you can pelase post the answer on my talk page TY)

TEL

TheElvenLord 11:48, 2 November 2007 (UTC)TheElvenLordTheElvenLord 11:48, 2 November 2007 (UTC)

Thanks
Thank you za Welcome to me. Do you give your e-mail adress?Dexter83 13:18, 3 November 2007 (UTC)
 * You are welcome. Why would you need my email ? You can find me e.g. in the chat (see your welcome msg please). Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 13:40, 3 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Erkan Yilmaz/Archive1


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User:TheElvenLord

HUǒ

title: User:TheElvenLord


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User:Cgarciaa

Database wiki

title: User:Cgarciaa


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User talk:Cgarciaa

Welcome
Hello Cgarciaa, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Remi 19:23, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cgarciaa


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User:Kittykat985

Welcome to Kittykat985's User Page!
I'm 24 years old, live in Washington State, and love to learn! The subjects I'm reviewing on Wikiversity include Spanish as a Foreign Language and general studies in Psychology including personal growth and researching authors of books pertaining to that subject. I have been using Wikipedia for years, and never stumbled upon Wikiversity before. So, that's my blurb about me, from my sponge of knowledge to yours. :)

Kittykat985

title: User:Kittykat985


text:
User talk:Kittykat985

Welcome
Hello Kittykat985, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( talk ?, wiki blog ) 20:14, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Kittykat985


text:
User talk:Myaca

Yo! This is my talk page! If you have a complaint, compliment, or death threat leave a message and a link to your talk page and I'll get back to you! Thanks!--Have a Nice Day, from Myaca! 22:56, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Myaca


text:
User:Myaca

No comment. Will update shortly.--Have a Nice Day, from Myaca! 22:57, 6 November 2007 (UTC)

title: User:Myaca


text:
Structure and bonding

Introduction
Structural theory plays an essentially central role in the study of organic molecules. Atoms can form certain number of bonds in order to fulfill their valence by sharing electrons. Carbon, the most prevalent element in organic compounds, is tetravalent and can form up to four covalent bonds with other atoms of similar electronegativity (large differences in electronegativities result in ionic bond formation). This is because of the tendency of the carbon atom to attain an electron configuration to complete its octet of electrons. Similarly, oxygen can form two covalent bonds and hence it is divalent and halogens as well as hydrogen (with a few exceptions) are monovalent. Carbon virtually always forms 4 bonds. The bonds can be single, double or triple bonds. The bond can therefor create intricate chains of carbon and other atoms. These often produce extremely large and complex molecules. In biological systems the important elements are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus. These are the elements which hold the greatest interest in bonding with carbon. The single bonds form a tetrahedron shape (a three sided pyramid) with the carbon atom at the center whereas a double bond (with two single bonds) forms a y shape with the carbon at the center and a triple bond or two double bonds form straight lines. Thus depending upon the type of bond, carbon forms predictable shapes

The Octet Rule
As described in most general chemistry courses, atoms have a tendency of forming an octet of electrons about themselves. In 1916,G.N. Lewis and W. Kössel described this phenomenon by claiming that atoms react to form a valence shell with eight electrons, like that of noble gases (except Helium which only has two valence electrons), due to their high stability. This generalized rule is commonly referred to as the octet rule.

However, this rule can only be truly applied to the second period elements of the periodic table since they have one s and three p orbitals available for bonding. Elements in periods below the second have higher d orbitals available for bonding and hence these atoms can form more than four bonds. The most often used example is the octahedral molecule SF6.

On the other hand, some unstable molecules can actually form fewer than four bonds. An example that will be used later in hydroboration reactions is the molecule trigonal planar BH3 which has a valence of six electrons. Note that ammonia (NH3) also has three bonds as such:

But is this molecule an exception?

If you think about it, the answer should clearly be no! This is because nitrogen has a valence of five electrons in the ground state, therefore forming three bonds fulfills its octet valence because it has a free electron pair and six electrons around it in covalent bonds. A more faithful rendition of ammonia would be more like (more on structural formulas below)

If you cannot see why, you might want to review relevant material from a general chemistry text or notes.

Lewis Structures
As an aspiring organic chemist, or perhaps a perplexed student, you will find that Lewis structures are of vital importance to understanding many principles behind organic chemistry. When writing Lewis structures, we generally try to give each atom an octet matching the closest noble gas. Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Fluorine all are drawn with a configuration of Neon. However, it is important to note how many valence electrons each atom has, the number of valance electrons can be attained by simply looking at what group (column) in the periodic table a particular element belongs to. For example, carbon belongs to Group 4A (or IVA), therefore it has 4 valence electrons and all halogens (Group 7A) have 7 valence electrons.

If the structure is ionic, then we add or subtract electrons from individual atoms, such as in the case of LiBr:

If the structure is covalent, then we use covalent bonds for electron pairs shared between atoms. At times, multiple bonds may be needed to complete the octet of atoms. A number of simple examples of Lewis structures are shown below:

Figure 1.2.1

Formal Charges
Formal charge on an atom refers to its net electrostatic charge due to the electrons directly acting upon that atom. For example, the oxygen in a stardard divalent water molecule is zero. You should be able to recall the structure of H2O and remember that it has no net charge. However, a hydronium ion H3O+ has a net positive charge of +1. To find the formal charge on each respective atom in a molecule, you can simply follow the steps given below:
 * Set up a Lewis structure of the molecule if it is not given
 * Identify the number of valence electrons of the element in question from a periodic table (remember, number of valence electrons are equal to the group number) -- let's call this number v.
 * Identify the number of free electrons (keeping in mind that in non-radical species, they come in pairs) on the atom -- lets call this number f.
 * Identify the number of bonds formed by the atom -- lets call this number b
 * Now we can figure out the formal charge on that particular atom by substituting the values of v,f, and b into the equation

c = v - f - b where c is the formal charge on that particular atom.

Looking at the two molecules given above, H2O and H3O+, we can calculate the formal charge on each atom of the molecule and determine the net charge (if any) of the entire molecule:

H2O Formal charge calculation for H: v = 1 f = 0 b = 1 c = (1) - (0) - (1) = 0 Note that both hydrogens are chemically equivalent

Formal charge calculation for O: v = 6 f = 4 b = 2 c = (6) - (4) - (2) = 0

Net Molecular Charge = 0

H3O+ Formal charge calculation for H: v = 1 f = 0 b = 1 c = (1) - (0) - (1) = 0 Note that all three hydrogens are chemically equivalent

Formal charge calculation for O: v = 6 f = 2 b = 3 c = (6) - (2) - (3) = +1

Net Molecular Charge = +1

A few other examples are also given in figure 1.2.1. For example, we can look at the structure of oxaloacetate, an important metabolite of gluconeogenesis and the Krebs Cycle, and determine by inspection that all atoms on the molecule are uncharged with exception of the two terminal oxygen atoms. This can be justified by preforming the formal charge calculation or by reasoning that since divalent oxygens are uncharged, such as those present in H2O, all divalent oxygen atoms do not contribute to the molecule's net charge, and hence they have a formal charge of 0 or no net charge. Also as calculated above, we noticed that monovalent Hydrogens also have a net charge of zero, therefore oxaloacetate's hydrogens do not contribute to the net charge. Now looking at the molecule's carbon atoms, would these atoms contribute to charge? Well, since carbon atoms are tetravalent and therefore have the tendency to form four covalent bonds in order to attain a noble gas-like electron configuration we can deduce that all tetravalent carbons in oxaloacetate have a formal charge of 0 (for example, the molecule methane, CH4, has a neutral charge). Otherwise formal charges can be calculated for each carbon atom where each has four valence electrons (v), each has zero free electrons (f), and each has four bonds (b). Therefore each has a charge of (4 - 0 - 4 =) 0. All that is left now are the two terminal oxygen atoms that were exepmt from the earlier condition. Since each oxygen is monovalent, we can reason that each atom will bear a charge of -1 (just like the monovalent analogue hydroxide -- OH-). Thus the molecule has a net charge of -2 due to the two formal charges.

Isomers
Isomer is a term applied to compounds that have the same empirical formula as one another but are structurally unique. Note, however, that these isomers ought not to be confused with isomers.There are several types of isomers that will be analyzed:

Constitutional (Structural) Isomers
These isomers differ from one another in terms of the connectivity of its constituent atoms. For example, 2-chloropropane (isobutyl chloride) and 1-chloropropane (n-propyl chloride) are structural isomers because they have the same empirical formula but differ in their connectivity.

Hybridization and the VSEPR Theory
hybridization is the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals with new directional properties (degenerate)

Additional resources

 * Organic Chemistry at Wikibooks

Back to the department of organic chemistry.

title: Structure and bonding


text:
Jesus as God

Simple Passages

 * "1In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God."

 * "27Then he said to Thomas, 'Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe.' 28Thomas said to him, 'My Lord and my God!'"

 * "5Theirs are the patriarchs, and from them is traced the human ancestry of Christ, who is God over all, forever praised! Amen."

 * "13while we wait for the blessed hope—the glorious appearing of our great God and Savior, Jesus Christ,"

 * "1Simon Peter, a servant and apostle of Jesus Christ, To those who through the righteousness of our God and Savior Jesus Christ have received a faith as precious as ours."

 * "20We know also that the Son of God has come and has given us understanding, so 	that we may know him who is true. And we are in him who is true—even in his Son Jesus Christ. He is the true God and eternal life."

Savior
10 "You are my witnesses," declares the LORD, "and my servant whom I have chosen,	so that you may know and believe me	and understand that I am he.	Before me no god was formed,	nor will there be one after me. 	11 I, even I, am the LORD, and apart from me there is no savior.

 * "3and at his appointed season he brought his word to light through the preaching 	entrusted to me by the command of God our Savior, 4To Titus, my true son in our common faith: Grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior."

Worship

 * "14 Do not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God."

Matthew 2:1-2 1After Jesus was born in Bethlehem in Judea, during the time of King Herod, 	Magi from the east came to Jerusalem 2and asked, "Where is the one who has 	been born king of the Jews? We saw his star in the east and have come to worship 	him."

Matthew 2:11 11On coming to the house, they saw the child with his mother Mary, and they 	bowed down and worshiped him.

Matthew 28:9 9Suddenly Jesus met them. "Greetings," he said. They came to him, clasped his 	feet and worshiped him.

Luke 4:7-8 7So if you worship me, it will all be yours." 8Jesus answered, "It is written: 	'Worship the Lord your God and serve him only.'"
 * "16Then the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain where Jesus had told 	them to go. 17When they saw him, they worshiped him; but some doubted."

 * "35Jesus heard that they had thrown him out, and when he found him, he said, 'Do you believe in the Son of Man?' 36'Who is he, sir?' the man asked. 'Tell me so that I may believe in him.' 37Jesus said, 'You have now seen him; in fact, he is the one speaking with you.' 38Then the man said, 'Lord, I believe,' and he worshiped him."

 * "25As Peter entered the house, Cornelius met him and fell at his feet in reverence. 	26But Peter made him get up. 'Stand up,' he said, 'I am only a man myself.'"

 * "9Then the angel said to me, 'Write: 'Blessed are those who are invited to the 	wedding supper of the Lamb!' ' And he added, 'These are the true words of God.' 	10At this I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, 'Do not do it! I am a 	fellow servant with you and with your brothers who hold to the testimony of 	Jesus. Worship God! For the testimony of Jesus is the spirit of prophecy.'"
 * "8I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I had heard and 	seen them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who had been showing 	them to me. 9But he said to me, 'Do not do it! I am a fellow servant with you and 	with your brothers the prophets and of all who keep the words of this book. 	Worship God!'"

I am
Exodus 3:13-14 13 Moses said to God, "Suppose I go to the Israelites and say to them, 'The God 	of your fathers has sent me to you,' and they ask me, 'What is his name?' Then 	what shall I tell them?" 14 God said to Moses, "I am who I am . This is what you are to say to the 	Israelites: 'I AM has sent me to you.' "

John 8:58 58"I tell you the truth," Jesus answered, "before Abraham was born, I am!" 59At 	this, they picked up stones to stone him, but Jesus hid himself, slipping away from 	the temple grounds.

John 18:4-8 4Jesus, knowing all that was going to happen to him, went out and asked them, 	"Who is it you want?" 5"Jesus of Nazareth," they replied. "I am he," Jesus said. (And Judas the traitor was standing there with them.) 	6When Jesus said, "I am he," they drew back and fell to the ground. 7Again he asked them, "Who is it you want?" And they said, "Jesus of Nazareth." 8"I told you that I am he," Jesus answered. "If you are looking for me, then let 	these men go." (he of "I am he" is added in the English)

The Seven I am's of John
John 6:35 (48,51) 35Then Jesus declared, "I am the bread of life. He who comes to me will never go 	hungry, and he who believes in me will never be thirsty.

John 9:5 5"While I am in the world, I am the light of the world."

John 10:7-10 7Therefore Jesus said again, "I tell you the truth, I am the gate for the sheep. 8All 	who ever came before me were thieves and robbers, but the sheep did not listen to 	them. 9I am the gate; whoever enters through me will be saved. He will come in 	and go out, and find pasture. 10The thief comes only to steal and kill and destroy; 	I have come that they may have life, and have it to the full.

John 10:11 11"I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep."

John 11:25-26 25Jesus said to her, "I am the resurrection and the life. He who believes in me will 	live, even though he dies; 26and whoever lives and believes in me will never die. 	Do you believe this?"

John 14:6-7 6Jesus answered, "I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes to the 	Father except through me. 7If you really knew me, you would know my Father as 	well. From now on, you do know him and have seen him."

John 15:1 1"I am the true vine, and my Father is the gardener."

Names of Jesus
Isaiah 9:6-7 6 For to us a child is born, to us a son is given, and the government will be on his shoulders. And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace. 7 Of the increase of his government and peace there will be no end. He will reign on David's throne and over his kingdom, establishing and upholding it	with justice and righteousness from that time on and forever. The zeal of the LORD Almighty will accomplish this.

Matthew 1:23 "The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and they will call him 	Immanuel" —which means, "God with us."

First and Last
Isaiah 44:6 6 "This is what the LORD says—	Israel's King and Redeemer, the LORD Almighty:	I am the first and I am the last;	apart from me there is no God.

Revelation 1:8 8"I am the Alpha and the Omega," says the Lord God, "who is, and who was, and 	who is to come, the Almighty."

Revelation 1:17 17When I saw him, I fell at his feet as though dead. Then he placed his right hand 	on me and said: "Do not be afraid. I am the First and the Last. 18I am the Living 	One; I was dead, and behold I am alive for ever and ever! And I hold the keys of 	death and Hades. Revelation22:13	13I am the Alpha and the Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the 	End.

Deity
Philippians 2:5-7 5Your attitude should be the same as that of Christ Jesus: 6Who, being in very nature God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped, 7but made himself nothing, taking the very nature of a servant, being made in human likeness.

Colossians 1:15-20 15He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. 16For by 	him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, 	whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by him 	and for him. 17He is before all things, and in him all things hold together. 18And 	he is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning and the firstborn from 	among the dead, so that in everything he might have the supremacy. 19For God 	was pleased to have all his fullness dwell in him, 20and through him to reconcile 	to himself all things, whether things on earth or things in heaven, by making 	peace through his blood, shed on the cross.

Colossians 2:9 9For in Christ all the fullness of the Deity lives in bodily form

God calling Jesus God
5For to which of the angels did God ever say, "You are my Son;	today I have become your Father"? Or again, "I will be his Father,	and he will be my Son"? 6And again, when God brings his firstborn into the 	world, he says, "Let all God's angels worship him." 7In speaking of the angels he says, "He makes his angels winds,	his servants flames of fire." 8But about the Son he says, "Your throne, O God, will last for ever and ever,	and righteousness will be the scepter of your kingdom.	9You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness;	therefore God, your God, has set you above your companions	by anointing you with the oil of joy." 10He also says, "In the beginning, O Lord, you laid the foundations of the earth,	and the heavens are the work of your hands.

Creation
Isaiah 45:12 12 It is I who made the earth and created mankind upon it. My own hands stretched out the heavens; I marshaled their starry hosts.

Isaiah 45:18 18 For this is what the LORD says— he who created the heavens, he is God; he who fashioned and made the earth, he founded it; he did not create it to be empty, but formed it to be inhabited— he says: "I am the LORD,	and there is no other.

John 1:3 3Through him [the Word] all things were made; without him nothing was made that has been made.

Colossians 1:16 16For by him [Jesus] all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things were created by him and for him.

Hebrews 1:10 10He also says, [to the Son] "In the beginning, O Lord, you laid the foundations of the earth,	and the heavens are the work of your hands.

Calling for salvation
Joel 2:32 32 And everyone who calls on the name of the LORD will be saved; for on Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there will be deliverance, as the LORD has said, among the survivors whom the LORD calls.

Romans 10:9-13 9That if you confess with your mouth, "Jesus is Lord," and believe in your heart 	that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. 10For it is with your heart 	that you believe and are justified, and it is with your mouth that you confess and 	are saved. 11As the Scripture says, "Anyone who trusts in him will never be put 	to shame." 12For there is no difference between Jew and Gentile—the same Lord 	is Lord of all and richly blesses all who call on him, 13for, "Everyone who calls 	on the name of the Lord will be saved."

Others
Mark 2:6-7 6Now some teachers of the law were sitting there, thinking to themselves, 7"Why 	does this fellow talk like that? He's blaspheming! Who can forgive sins but God 	alone?"

Mark 10:18 [Luke 18:19] 18"Why do you call me good?" Jesus answered. "No one is good—except God 	alone.

Luke 7:15-16 15The dead man sat up and began to talk, and Jesus gave him back to his mother. 16They were all filled with awe and praised God. "A great prophet has appeared 	among us," they said. "God has come to help his people."

Luke 8:39 38The man from whom the demons had gone out begged to go with him, but 	Jesus sent him away, saying, 39"Return home and tell how much God has done 	for you." So the man went away and told all over town how much Jesus had 	done for him.

Non-Biblical Texts
Lucien of Samosata, "Death of Pelegrine," The Works of Lucian of Samosata, 4 vols. Trans. By H.W. Fowler and F.G. Fowler, Clarendon Press, 1949, 11-13.
 * Lucian of Samosata: a Greek philosopher, writer, and rhetorician "The Christians, you know, worship a man to this day -- the distinguished 	personage who introduced their novel rites, and was crucified on that account... 	You see, these misguided creatures started with the general conviction that they 	are immortal for all time, which explains the contempt of death and voluntary 	self-devotion which are so common among them; and then it was impressed them 	by their original lawgiver that they are all brothers, from the moment that they are 	converted, and deny the gods of Greece, and worship the crucified sage, and live 	after his laws. All this they take quite on faith, with the result that they despise all 	worldly goods alike, regarding them merely as common property."

"They (the Christians) were in the habit of meeting on a certain fixed day before it 	was light, when they sang in alternate verses a hymn to Christ, as to a god, and 	bound themselves by a solemn oath, not to any wicked deeds, but never to commit 	any fraud, theft or adultery, never to falsify their word, nor deny a trust when they 	should be called upon to deliver it up; after which it was their custom to separate, 	and then reassemble to partake of food but food of an ordinary and innocent 	kind." Pliny, Letters, transl. by William Melmoth, rev. by W.M.L. Hutchinson (Cambridge: 			Harvard Univ. Press, 1935), vol. II, X:96 as cited in Habermas, Gary R., The Historical 			Jesus: Ancient Evidence for the Life of Christ, (Joplin, MO: College Press Publishing 			Company) 1996.
 * Pliny the Younger: Pliny was governor of Bithynia in Asia Minor. Pliny wrote ten books.  The tenth around AD 112.

title: Jesus as God


text: Template:Bibleverse

title: Template:Bibleverse


text:
BCP/Lepidium virginicum

Lepidium virginicum

title: BCP/Lepidium virginicum


text:
BCP/Lepidium virginicum/Logs

2007 Logs

 * --Jomegat 04:11, 7 November 2007 (UTC)
 * --Jomegat 22:46, 14 November 2007 (UTC)

2008 Logs

 * Jomegat 23:46, 23 June 2008 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 22:55, 1 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 02:55, 15 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 01:31, 22 July 2008 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 00:51, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 00:11, 14 August 2008 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 17:59, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 18:12, 3 November 2008 (UTC)

Recent Logs

 * Jomegat 22:20, 6 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 00:09, 21 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 04:07, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 00:10, 15 July 2009 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 00:46, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

title: BCP/Lepidium virginicum/Logs


text:
User talk:RantPavlov

Welcome
Hello RantPavlov, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:RantPavlov


text:
User talk:Mpkincai

Welcome
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title: User talk:Mpkincai


text:
User talk:Jutre

Welcome
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title: User talk:Jutre


text:
User:Pragash.d

INTEREST AND ACTIVITIES

Power Electronics, Atomic Power, Renewable Enery and allied fields.

Research and Development

Poem Writing

Reading Thirukural – Common Global Vedha

PROFESSION

Scientist/Engineer

ACADEMICS

Graduation[2006]

B.Tech in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry University

Diploma[2003]

Diploma in Electrical and Electronics Engineering

Mothilal Nehru Government Polytechnic, DOTE – Chennai

Higher Secondary Schooling[2000]

Jeevanandham Government Higher Secondary School, Pondicherry

Secondary Schooling[1998]

Government High School Sedarapet, Pondicherry

PROFESSIONAL

Serviced as Programmer Analyst in Cognizant Tecnology Solutions, Chennai for 30 months

Currently working as a Scientist C in ISRO – CMD/HQ, Bangalore

PERSONAL

Known as Pragash

I speak Tamil and English

Indian

Home Page

title: User:Pragash.d


text:
User talk:Pragash.d

Welcome
Namasté Pragash.d, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; for it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Pragash.d