text:
Study of Genesis/Overview

"It is impossible to have a coherent, biblical worldview without an acceptance of the historical, grammatical understanding of the book of Genesis...There is an important reason why the first eleven chapters of Genesis are so under attack today. After all, every major doctrine of the Christian faith finds its origin and explanation ultimately in these chapters. Furthermore, the entire ethical foundation of Christian society is predicated on a literal understanding of Genesis, from the doctrine of marriage to the mandate for clothing. Even the great legal commentator, Sir William Blackstone, began his famous commentary on the laws of England by pointing out that Genesis was foundational to the very concepts of freedom and just law in a society. From Genesis, we understand notions of justice, mercy, property rights, and many other foundations of freedom." (Douglas W. Phillips, adjunct professor of apologetics for the Institute for Creation Research)

There is little question that the book of Genesis has been a topic for hot debate in recent years. The debate between Creation and Evolution alone has been raging for over a century, since Chales Darwin first published On the Origin of Species in 1859.

There is, however, much more to Genesis than the Creation account, which spans a simple two chapters. We will assume, once past those two chapters, that the Creation account as detailed in Genesis is accurate, simply because the rest of Scripture believes it to be accurate. Even if the Creation account is inaccurate, Scripture's reliance on it being a literal event requires us to interpret it as a literal event, in order to understand the rest of scripture.

This of course raises a singular problem for fundamental Christianity, which explains why such Christians defend it fiercely - if the Creation account is proven false, it invalidates much if not all of the rest of scripture. For example, if God did not create man, then man does not have to answer to God for His actions. The issue of morality is thrown entirely out of the window, and hence, an excellent portion of scripture.

Genesis, therefore, is a critical study if one wishes to understand scripture, and consequently, many events in modern time. As Phillips said in the above quote, "every major doctrine of the Christian faith finds its origin and explanation ultimately in [the first eleven chapters]"; one must study Genesis to understand Christianity.

Pre-Lesson Activity

 * Browse Wikipedia for various views of the authorship of Genesis. You might try searching for "Genesis", or "Pentateuch", and see where that takes you.
 * Find a map of Mesopotamia and take note of the various names you run across, specifically
 * Tigris river
 * Euphrates river
 * Ur
 * Assur
 * Ninevah

Author
The authorship of the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible) has been under scrutiny since the early days of the Church, when some theologians considered Ezra to be the author. In more recent times, a Documentary Theory has risen in promenance, which suggests that the Pentateuch was a composite of multiple documents tied together during the reforms of King Josiah in an attempt to centralize religious and legal power. In contrast, traditional thought considers Moses to be the author; in fact, Christ Himself attributes the Pentateuch to Moses in a number of places (Matt 8:4, Matt 19:8, Mark 7:10, Mark 12:26, John 5:46, etc.) Hence for the authorship of the Pentateuch (and therefore the book of Genesis) to be called into question, the authority of Jesus Christ must also be called into question. Put plainly, if Genesis was not written by Moses, then Jesus Christ was mistaken, an unacceptable feat for a man who claimed He was God.

The Documentary Theory was first proposed by Jean Astruc in 1753, and later revised by Julius Wellhausen to its more modern form in 1877. Wellhausen partitioned the Pentateuch into four literary sources, denotated by four letters, "J", "E", "D", and "P". The "J" source was so named for its tendency to call God by the name "Jehovah" (Yahweh), and the "E" source was named because of it tended toward "Elohim". According to the theory, these two sources arose first, at around 850 and 750 B.C., respectively. "D" then followed at about 621 B.C. as a part of Josiah's reforms, and finally Ezra and the Holiness Code ("P") were added to complete the modern Pentateuch.

Critics of the Documentary Theory point out that it is frequently frequented by circular reasoning. "For example, a passage would be assigned to J because it frequently used the Hebrew word yalad ("to bear, to generate"); therefore, it was argued, yalad is peculiar to J. Though the approach claimed to be analytical it too often evaded, emended, or deleted a text when it contradicted the system."

In my readings (opensourcejunkie), I found a surprisingly obvious example of circular reasoning that helps to illustrate Walvoord's point. In The Bible Unearthed, Finkelstein argues that the Exodus from Egypt could not have happened because at the time, "Egypt was at the peak of its authority - the dominant power in the world... Putting aside the possibility of divinely inspired miracles, one can hardly accept the idea of a flight of a large group of slaves from Egypt into Canaan in the time of such a formidable Egyptian presence." The circular reasoning is thus: If the Pentateuch is accurate, then supernatural miracles were the very cause of Israel's exodus (Exodus 3 - 14). In an attempt to prove [this part of] the Pentateuch inaccurate, Finkelstein already assumes that the Pentateuch is inaccurate in its depiction of miracles.

Further criticism of the Documentary Theory comes from the realm of Archaeology. A number of finds such as the Ugaritic literature, the Nuzi Tablets, and the Mari Tablets, demonstrate that the language and customs found in the Pentateuch are often specific to the early times of the Patriarchs as opposed to the later times of King Josiah. Walvoord contends that "with the ever-increasing archaeological finds there is less and less reason for a later date for the material."

Nonetheless, The Documentary Theory continues as a major contender for the authorship of Genesis, and not all of its opponents discard it completely. Contenders for the Mosaic authorship admit that such probing for Pentateuchal authorship has generated valuable insight into the Old Testament; in fact one Mosaic theory contends that while Moses himself wrote the final four books of the Pentateuch, with Genesis he served as a compiler of works previous to his time.

Critics of the theory of Mosaic authorship[ have also put forward powerful arguments for believing that he could not have written the Pentateuch. The final verses of Deuteronomy, for example, describe his death and burial - some believers today, both Christian and Jewish, hold that Moses was able to write of this because he was the perfect prophet, and therefore able to foresee these things, but most feel that these verses must be by another person. Similarly, the Pentateuch describes some historical situations which did not exist in Moses' day, such the kings of Israel and of Edom; again, prophesy is the most popular recourse for those who wish to hold that Moses somehow knew of these things. But perhaps the most powerful argument against Mosaic authorship is the fact that the Pentateuch nowhere states, unequivocally, that he was. There are many statements along the lines that God spoke to Moses and commanded him to put certain things in writing, but with only one exception thes refer to specific laws, not to the five books which contain the laws. (The one exception is when God commands Moses to write against the Amalekites; like the other instances of God's commanding Moses to write, this also refers only to the immediate thing written, not to the book in which it appears, in this case Exodus).

There is also the problem of archaeological evidence. While it would be unreasonable to expect to find such evidence for Moses as an individual, there are many documents and inscriptions from the period, and not one of them describes anything like the events of the Pentateuch. The Pentateuch story, for example, talks about momentous plagues, and about the departure of some 2 million people from Egypt (an event, incidentally, which would have crippled the Egyptian economy - it would have amounted to half the population of the country), and the loss of an entire Egyptian army. None of this is mentioned, and in fact all the documents which do exist from the period describe Egyptian life continuing without interruption throughout the Mosaic period. More than a century of archaeological searching in Sinai has not discovered any trace of these millions of people moving through the desert or living at Kadesh Burnea (an important point, since Numbers describes the Hebrews living at this one place for 38 of the 40 years in the wilderness), nor does the picture of an invasion of Canaan by the Israelites match with the known history of the region (of the cities supposedly destroyed by Joshua in a few short years, actually was destroyed - all but one were either deserted at the time, or continued to be inhabited peacefully). For all thes reasons and more, the idea that the Pentateuch, and the story of Moses, represent real history, has been abandoned by mainline historians.

Setting
Genesis is written as a book of history (whether accurate history or not), as evidenced by its frequent attempt to give an "account". It begins at a very peculiar point in history, namely the beginning. The Hebrew name for Genesis in fact means, "in the beginning", an apt name as the book details the Biblical view of Creation, the immediate fall of humanity, and the events that propelled history toward its current position. Hence Genesis creates the setting for the rest of scripture, showing early history through the eyes of early humanity.

The setting of Genesis spans over two millenia, and over three geographical areas. In chapters 1-11, action centers around the Fertile Crescent. Then in chapters 12-36 it moves to a small family in Canaan (Israel), and finally in chapters 37-50, the family moves to Egypt. Thus this tiny land bridge in the Middle-East becomes the focal-point of scripture and, incidentally, of world politics to this day.

Study Questions

 * 1) Why is the authorship of Genesis important to our understanding of the book?  Why is it important to the understanding of the Bible?
 * 2) Do you believe that Genesis was intended to be a book of history, or is it simply poetic writings, or of another genre?  What textual evidence is there to back your claim?

Next Lesson
In the next lesson, we'll step into the text of Genesis, beginning with the Creation account.
 * Genesis 1 - 2 :: Creation

Supplemental Resources

 * Sermons Through the Bible - Pastor Joe Focht

title: Study of Genesis/Overview


text:
Thucydides: The Peloponnesian War/Meetings/2008-March-08

This is the chat from our meeting on 8th March 2008 in #thucydides about Thucydides: The Peloponnesian War.

People joining the chat: Daan, Erkan Yilmaz, mikeu, myrmikonos, pietrodn, Ramac

14:12 Shall we start with some serious Thucydides stuff? 14:12 Thukydides session: yes 14:13 Daan can you post your topics ? 14:13 I will

themes
14:14 *Athenian campaign along the shores of Greece. 14:14 *King Perdiccas of Macedon switches sides to Athens for the third time, this time with the Thracians as allies. 14:14 *Funeral speech of Pericles, gives more insight on his ideas on Athenian imperialism. 14:14 *The Great pestilence of Athens, where animals die when they eat flesh of disseased humans. 14:14 I haven't written much text this time. 14:14 np 14:14 I think the speech of Pericles has the most material for discussion. 14:15 we will write it together now :-) 14:15 Last time we discussed the Greek point of view, which was pro-Spartan. 14:15 And also the acts of king Archidamus. 14:15 Now we can discuss what the Athenians, and especially Pericles wanted to do.

King Perdiccas and Sitalces
14:16 King Perdiccas was cool in action again. 14:16 <Erkan_Yilmaz>:-) 14:16 <Daan_>Switching sides for the third!!! time. 14:16 <Erkan_Yilmaz>myrmikonos pietrodn Ramac you are still there ? 14:16 yes 14:16 - Ramac quited (Nick collision from services.) 14:16 <Daan_>While he was the one to start the war anyway. 14:17 - Ramac joined 14:17 with 13% 14:17 <Daan_>Hi Ramac! 14:17 <Erkan_Yilmaz>probably Perdikkas was a very flexible character - a freelancer :-) 14:17 <Daan_>A hobbyist. 14:18 <Ramac>hi :D 14:18 <Erkan_Yilmaz>hi Ramac 14:18 <Daan_>Did anyone read the text? 14:18 <Erkan_Yilmaz>well Perdiakkas joining the Chalcidice offensive helped the Athenians 14:18 <Erkan_Yilmaz>also that Sitalces joined Athenians 14:18 <Erkan_Yilmaz>reading: yes 14:18 <Daan_>I think it was the Sitalkis dude that made him flip sides. 14:19 <Daan_>The Odryssian Thracians were very large. 14:19 <Daan_>They owned a territory nearly as big as Greece. 14:19 <Erkan_Yilmaz>Nymphodoros was this dude :-) 14:19 <Daan_>So, Macedon was pretty small compared to them. 14:19 <Daan_>Sorry. 14:19 <Daan_>It was wednesday. 14:19 <Daan_>When i read the text. 14:19 I read the text quickly 14:19 <Daan_>Good! 14:20 <Erkan_Yilmaz>well Sitalces should help get the Thracian costal cities into Athenian hands 14:20 <Daan_>I will look forthe Sitalkis. 14:20 I like very much Pericles' talk 14:20 <Erkan_Yilmaz>probably to have good places to secure the trades from Bosporus regions 14:20 <Daan_>Pietro, we can discuss them at length. 14:21 <Daan_>it, i mean. 14:21 <Daan_>For the Thracians? 14:21 Erkan_Yilmaz: «probably to have good places to secure the trades from Bosporus regions» --- it is also the real reason of the war of Troy 14:21 <Daan_>Erkan? 14:21 <Erkan_Yilmaz>and Perdikkas to help them in the hope to get down Potideia faster 14:21 <Daan_>Athens tried to get any ally it could get. 14:22 <Daan_>The Thracians could help secure the north.

why would Thracians help Athenians ?
14:22 <Daan_>But, why would the Thracians join? 14:22 <Erkan_Yilmaz>economy reasons are probably most of the times causes for war / fights 14:22 <Erkan_Yilmaz>Daan_ that is a good question 14:23 Perhaps they didn't like Sparta 14:23 <Erkan_Yilmaz>did the Thracians have ships ? if not they made probably a deal with the Delian league and their ships ? 14:23 <Daan_>They were a bit primitive. 14:24 <Daan_>Thracians were like the Arabs or Mongols. 14:24 <Daan_>They lived on horseback. 14:24 <Daan_>In Tribes. 14:24 Daan_: aren't they greek colonies? 14:24 <Daan_>No, Thracians are mostly like the Albanians. 14:24 <Erkan_Yilmaz>or perhaps they wanted to join Athens more than Persia ? were there plans from Persia to do harm to Thracia ? 14:25 <Daan_>Albanians are a remnant of the Illyrians. 14:25 <Daan_>And Illyrians were close relatives to the Thracians and the Dacians. 14:25 Erkan_Yilmaz: Persians were interesting in conquesting Thracia I think 14:25 <Daan_>Yes, parts of Thrace had been conquered by Persia. 14:26 <Daan_>But, there was nothing up north, except for some primite tribes. 14:26 <Daan_>Like the Thracians. 14:26 In the Persian Wars, the persian army walked throgh Thracia, didn't they? 14:26 *through 14:26 <Daan_>Yes. 14:27 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I think so too - they went by land and also by sea 14:27 <Daan_>Both to the north and to the west, into Greece. 14:27 <Daan_>I will look for a map. 14:27 <Erkan_Yilmaz>unfortunately my map from back then shows the Delian Leagues territory between Thracia and Persia - so regarding that Persia would have to cross Athenian territory :-) haha 14:27 <Daan_>w:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Achaemenid_Empire.jpg 14:28 Daan_: http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immagine:Alliances_in_the_Pelopennesian_War%2C_431_B.C._1.JPG 14:28 <Daan_>Thrace is neutral in your map, Pietro. 14:28 <Daan_>And Macedon is pro-Sparta. 14:29 the southern path is pro-Athens 14:29 <Daan_>In the text, king Perdiccas only supported Athens when he couldn't keep in power otherwise. 14:29 <Daan_>Yes. 14:29 <Daan_>But, the king decides and the poplation has to suffer. 14:29 http://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immagine:Pelop_krieg1.png 14:30 <Daan_>Here, Macedon is clearly Spartan. 14:31 <Daan_>Also, Anakterion in the west is clearly Spartan. 14:31 <Daan_>It was mentioned in the text that Athens conquered it and that Corinth liberated it for the pro-Spartan faction. 14:32 * Erkan_Yilmaz just had a talk with a Japanese WV member 14:32 <Daan_>Okay 14:32 <Erkan_Yilmaz>so we agree that maps are confusing ? ;-) 14:33 <Daan_>No, the first map didn';t clearly state that Macedon was pro-Spartan. 14:34 <Daan_>Sparta and allies were pretty small, if you look at the map.

translation of Thucydides text
14:34 Daan_: Perdiccas was the son of the Macedonian king... perhaps the king was pro-Spartan 14:34 am I wrong? 14:34 <Daan_>Perdiccas was the king. 14:34 In Thucidides I read that it was the prince 14:34 mmh 14:35 <Daan_>He flipped sides to Athens, when the athenians conquered the capital, or when the Thracians joined the athenian side. 14:35 <Daan_>Maybe i am wrong. 14:35 <Erkan_Yilmaz>anyways 14:35 <Erkan_Yilmaz>Thracia joined hands with Athenians for some reason 14:35 <Daan_>That is right. 14:35 <Erkan_Yilmaz>and Perdiccas also helped them at about the same time - so good cards for Athens it seems 14:36 Daan_: «Thus Sitalces, son of Teres, King of the Thracians, and Perdiccas, son of Alexander, King of the Macedonians, became allies of Athens.» 14:36 <Daan_>Yes. 14:37 <Daan_>I was looking at the same text. 14:37 <Erkan_Yilmaz>interesting 14:37 <Erkan_Yilmaz>my German text translates different 14:37 <Erkan_Yilmaz>it says: 14:38 <Erkan_Yilmaz>king of Macedon Perdikkas, who is son of Alexander 14:38 <Daan_>Pitty that Konstantinos isn't here. 14:38 <Erkan_Yilmaz>the prob with translations :-( 14:38 <Daan_>I understand. 14:39 <Daan_>But, in book one, Perdiccas is the king. 14:39 <Erkan_Yilmaz>well if he is cited often from Thucydides he is a leading figure who influences decisions in his country 14:39 <Daan_>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perdiccas_II_of_Macedon 14:39 <Daan_>Perdiccas II

speech of Pericles
14:40 <Daan_>What do you like about the speech of Pericles, Pietro? 14:41 - mikeu joined 14:41 <Daan_>Hi Mikeu! 14:41 <Erkan_Yilmaz>hi mikeu 14:41 The language... he was very good at speaking 14:41 hello everyone 14:41 <Daan_>He surely was. 14:41 He was a great politician 14:41 <Daan_>He knows what to say to defend his cause. 14:42 <Daan_>Every cause can be defended, when you just know the right words. And Pericles is very good at it. 14:42 oh yes 14:42 <Erkan_Yilmaz>perhaps he was good taught by sophists ? ,-) 14:42 <Daan_>:-) 14:43 <Erkan_Yilmaz>so the eulogy was a motivation for the Athenians to continue on ? 14:43 <Daan_>What is eulogy? 14:43 There were some good sophists in Greece 14:43 <Erkan_Yilmaz>the speech for the dead 14:44 <Erkan_Yilmaz>true 14:44 <Daan_>I think it was a polite speech. 14:44 <Daan_>To celebrate a tradition. 14:44 <Erkan_Yilmaz>btw: this is also the time of Socrates 14:44 <Daan_>Of Athens. 14:44 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demosthenes http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocrates 14:44 <Daan_>That is true. 14:44 <Erkan_Yilmaz>he was accused later at his trial of being a sophist, which he stated he is not 14:45 <Daan_>He praises Sparta, arch rival to Athens, directly and indirectly in various dialogues. 14:45 <Daan_>That is from the Wimkipedia article on Socrates. 14:45 - BotSottile joined 14:45 <Daan_>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates 14:45 <Erkan_Yilmaz>.wiki Socrates 14:45 <Daan_>Hi BotSottile! 14:46 <BotSottile>Hey :) 14:46 Socrates 14:46 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates 14:46 <Daan_>"Despite claiming death-defying loyalty to his city, Socrates' pursuit of virtue and his strict adherence to truth clashed with the current course of Athenian politics and society.[8] He praises Sparta, arch rival to Athens, directly and indirectly in various dialogues." 14:46 <BotSottile>"Socrates (Greek: Σωκράτης c. 470 BCE–399 BCE[1]), was a Classical Greek philosopher." - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrates 14:46 - Ramac quited (Read error: 104 (Connection reset by peer)) 14:46 <BotSottile>Hey Daan_. 14:46 <BotSottile>pietrodn: http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Socrates?redirect=no 14:46 <Daan_>Pericles arranged truth for his interpretation. 14:47 - Ramac joined 14:47 <Daan_>Hi Ramac! Nice to have you around again! 14:48 <Erkan_Yilmaz>well in Book II the reason for the eulogy is told as: the sacrifices are for the glory of the city and for the honor of the dead 14:48 <Erkan_Yilmaz>book II, 42 14:49 <Daan_>Yes 14:49 <Daan_>I was also looking at II, 42 14:49 <Erkan_Yilmaz>he talks in the speech about the constitution and of the people of AThens or better the polis 14:49 <Daan_>Pericles says that rich people would defend their wealth. 14:49 <Daan_>And poor people have no wealth to defend. 14:50 <Erkan_Yilmaz>richness: I wonder then why the Athenians punished allies who did not want to contribute their taxes :-) 14:50 <Daan_>Also, he says that Athens has to right to invade other city states, just because it is stronger. 14:50 <Daan_>They were weak, so Athens could take from them. 14:50 Yes, it is also stated in the Melian dialogue 14:52 <Daan_>Didn't read it yet. 14:52 <Erkan_Yilmaz>me neither 14:52 <Daan_>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melian_Dialogue 14:52 <Daan_>It is in book V of Thucydides. 14:52 <Erkan_Yilmaz>wow 14:52 <Erkan_Yilmaz>that we will cover then in full in a few months :-) 14:52 <Daan_>Socrates has a way of life and philosophy which is more like that of the general greeks and of Sparta. 14:53 <Daan_>The Greeks in general. 14:53 <Daan_>Pericles defends imperialism: we are good when we are rich. Our richness can be taken from the weak. 14:53 <Erkan_Yilmaz>way of life in practical terms: probably, though he had interesting deeds like walking barenaked feet 14:53 <Erkan_Yilmaz>dont dressing good 14:53 <Daan_>Yes. 14:53 <Daan_>How? 14:54 <Erkan_Yilmaz>philosophy: well here I don't know 14:54 <Daan_>athens is warmer than Holland :_) 14:54 <Daan_>:-) 14:54 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I think he was accused of being against existing Gods 14:55 <Erkan_Yilmaz>"Pericles defends Imperialism" is this in: II, 40 ? 14:56 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I think it is 41 14:58 <Daan_>39: "The Lacedaemonians come into Attica not by themselves, but with their whole confederacy following; we go alone into a neighbour's country; and although our opponents are fighting for their homes and we on a foreign soil, we have seldom any difficulty in overcoming them." 14:59 <Erkan_Yilmaz>well that just staes plainly that Lacedaimonians need many people to do great things 14:59 <Daan_>The Wikipedia article on Socrates says that he was in favour of might over right. 14:59 <Daan_>That is what Pericles says. 15:00 <Daan_>The Spartans marched with a large army, because every state in the confedracy had to give have 2/3 of their army in it. 15:00 <Daan_>The largeness of the army was in the disadvantage of Sparta. 15:00 <Erkan_Yilmaz>"we have forced every sea and land to be the highway of our daring, and everywhere, whether for evil or for good, have left imperishable monuments behind us." http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/History_of_the_Peloponnesian_War/Book_2 41 15:00 <Daan_>Yes, monuments of past might. 15:01 <Erkan_Yilmaz>the largeness of an army was I think quite impressive for demoralizing Athenians 15:01 <Daan_>Perhaps it is better to just discuss the text for today and not Socrates ;-) 15:01 <Erkan_Yilmaz>seeing how many people are outside - ready to destroy everyting they have build up so far and ready to kill them if there is a chance 15:02 <Daan_>But the Athenians wanted to attack, Pericles kept them into the city. 15:02 <Daan_>They were not afraid. 15:02 <Erkan_Yilmaz>well, depends 15:02 <Erkan_Yilmaz>they know how good the hoplite Army of the Lacadaimonians are 15:02 <Erkan_Yilmaz>so the chances in a fight would be against Athenian army 15:02 <Daan_>That is right. 15:03 <Erkan_Yilmaz>but Archidamus tried to provoke them - e.g. by destroying fields of Acharnai 15:03 <Daan_>Pericles did send his army to sack Megara and the coast of the enemy. 15:04 <Erkan_Yilmaz>yup, that could be seen as moralizing again 15:04 <Erkan_Yilmaz>to show off what they have and what they are able to 15:04 <Erkan_Yilmaz>but this was done after the Lacedaemonians left Attica 15:04 <Daan_>That is only at the start. Later on people get used to war, and know the strength of their enemy. 15:04 The largeness of the army did not impress the Athenians. Persia had a huge army, but Athens won. 15:04 <Daan_>Than only real defeat counts, instead of the chance of being defeated. 15:05 <Daan_>That is right, Pietro. 15:05 <Daan_>Large armies don't have to be good in winning battles. 15:05 hoplites are very strong 15:05 <Daan_>The most important thing is too be able to make the enemy flee the flied. 15:05 it's a strong military structure 15:05 <Daan_>And than you can rout an entire army. 15:06 <Daan_>That was true for warfare untill 1850 something. 15:07 <Daan_>Pericles says that he wants to defend what their ancestors had build up. 15:07 <Daan_>People shouldn't hesitate dying in a war to defend your country. 15:08 <Daan_>Otherwise you are not worth the wealth that has been created. 15:08 <Daan_>By starting an empire. 15:08 <Daan_>Athens was the centre of the Athenian Empire with all its wealth. 15:09 <Daan_>So, the rich Athenians had to defend it by dying in battle. 15:09 <Daan_>So, their city state and families could be proud of them. 15:09 <Daan_>And celebrate them as heroes. 15:10 <Daan_>The Greeks supported Sparta because they didn't wanted to be the slaves of Athens. 15:10 <Daan_>The slaves in the foreign countries create the weath for the centre of the empire. 15:10 <Daan_>That is how many empires worked in the past. 15:11 <Daan_>Anyone wants to discuss this? 15:11 <Erkan_Yilmaz>what discuss ? :-) 15:11 <Daan_>That is true. 15:12 <Daan_>What do you want to discuss? 15:12 <Erkan_Yilmaz>that people should die for their country is common believe back then probably 15:12 <Erkan_Yilmaz>proudness: of course 15:12 <Daan_>It still is for today. 15:12 <Daan_>Did you saw the interview with prince Harry of the UK a few days ago. 15:12 <Daan_>? 15:13 <Daan_>He fought in Afghanistan. 15:13 <Erkan_Yilmaz>probably he got treated better than other soldiers because of his family :-) 15:13 Daan_: can we discuss about the plague? 15:14 Daan_: yes I saw it 15:14 <Daan_>Okay, lets discuss the plague. 15:14 <Daan_>No, he didn't. He wanted to be the same as the others. 15:15 <Erkan_Yilmaz>everybody knows he is the prince so he will automatically treated different 15:15 <Daan_>That is right, i think. 15:15 <Erkan_Yilmaz>except someone hating the Royal family ;-)

plague
15:15 <Erkan_Yilmaz>ok, lets discuss the plague ? 15:15 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs267/en/ 15:15 <Daan_>Soldiers fighting for Britain. Maybe there are some republicans. 15:16 * Erkan_Yilmaz clicks 15:16 - Ramac quited (Read error: 104 (Connection reset by peer)) 15:17 - Ramac joined 15:17 <Erkan_Yilmaz>Prevention 15:17 <Erkan_Yilmaz>The objective of preventive measures is to inform people to be aware of the areas where zoonotic plague is active and to take precautions against flea bites and handling carcass while in plague-endemic areas. People should avoid having direct contact with infective tissues, or from being exposed to patients with pneumonic plague. 15:17 <Erkan_Yilmaz>does this mean Pericles should have evacuated the Athenians from the city ? :-) 15:17 <Daan_>I think so. 15:18 <Daan_>He probably wanted to keep some wealth. 15:18 The ancient Greeks didn't know how to fight plague 15:18 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I guess most of the time at the begin of something like this: people try to stop rumors/info about something like a disease 15:18 Pericles keps the Athenians into the city. 1/3 of the population died. 15:18 <Daan_>Yes, retardly conservative. 15:19 <Daan_>1/3 is a lot. 15:19 <Daan_>It was less severe than the Black Death, i think. 15:19 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I wonder when the disease spread, if people in AThens had worth of these ? Äthopien > Ägypten > Lybien > Persien > Athen > Piräus 15:20 <Erkan_Yilmaz>worth=info 15:20 <Daan_>First Piraeus and than Athens. 15:20 <Erkan_Yilmaz>because Thukydides tells it, but he probably got the info afterwards ? 15:20 <Erkan_Yilmaz>true first Piraeus 15:20 <Daan_>He was there at the time. 15:20 <Daan_>He says about : i 15:21 <Erkan_Yilmaz>he says in II,48 15:21 <Daan_>"For I was myself attacked, and witnessed the sufferings of others. 15:21 <Daan_>And he survived. 15:22 <Daan_>He is very 'rational' in describing the dissease he suffered. 15:22 <Erkan_Yilmaz>surviving with losing perhaps some extremities :-) 15:22 <Daan_>I wouldn't want to suffer the decending towards the privy parts. 15:23 <Erkan_Yilmaz>let's hope we won't get into such situation 15:23 <Daan_>descending 15:23 <Daan_>I want to have kids in the future. 15:23 <Erkan_Yilmaz>yes, he describes the diseases symptoms quite neutral 15:24 <Erkan_Yilmaz>kids: you can also adopt 15:24 <Daan_>That is true. 15:24 <Erkan_Yilmaz>neutral <-better: rational 15:25 <Erkan_Yilmaz>because I think Thukydides is not so neutral in his listing of things in that part of the text - so rational aplies more 15:26 * Erkan_Yilmaz steps out for 2 mins 15:26 <Daan_>Okay. 15:26 <Daan_>Bye

ideas on this reading group
15:26 <Daan_>Pietro, what do you think about this reading group? 15:26 <Daan_>Perhaps it is too chaotic. 15:26 <Daan_>It is something new. 15:27 yes, I haven't ever ried something like a reding grup 15:27 *reading 15:27 <Daan_>Maybe more structure would be better. 15:27 yes, i think so 15:27 <Daan_>Maybe, we should do some aditional tasks. 15:28 e.g.? 15:28 <Daan_>Asking questions to the text, maybe? 15:28 * Erkan_Yilmaz is back 15:28 <Daan_>Hi Erkan. 15:28 <Erkan_Yilmaz>hi 15:30 <Erkan_Yilmaz>so, where are we ? 15:30 <Daan_>I don't know. 15:31 <Daan_>I asked Pietro if there could be more structure into the reading group. 15:31 <Erkan_Yilmaz>from your topics we didn't talk yet about "* Athenian campaign along the shores of Greece." 15:31 <Daan_>That is right. 15:31 <Erkan_Yilmaz>the others we talked about shortly 15:31 <Erkan_Yilmaz>about structure: what ideas you have Daan ? 15:32 <Daan_>Perhaps that anyone who reads the text will also write something about it. 15:32 <Erkan_Yilmaz>we are writing now :-) 15:32 <Daan_>an essay, or something, or some points for attention. 15:32 <Daan_>That is write. 15:33 <Daan_>That is also structure :-) 15:33 <Erkan_Yilmaz>we can use these chats for later also 15:33 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I am not sure how the people joining so far have extra time to do more ? 15:33 <Daan_>Yes. 15:33 <Erkan_Yilmaz>for me I come mostly at some times with time to do this 15:33 <Daan_>How do you mean? 15:33 <Erkan_Yilmaz>and the 25 aphorisms to read is for me suitable 15:33 <Daan_>For me as well. 15:33 <Erkan_Yilmaz>which does not increase speed in all - but we have time anyways ? 15:34 <Daan_>Yes. 15:34 <Erkan_Yilmaz>but what is very good: that you make the topics 15:34 <Daan_>It can also be seen as an exercise to read the text. And then the discussion is for repetition, or something. 15:34 <Daan_>Yes. 15:35 <Erkan_Yilmaz>what I do is: while reading I write a short text to the aphorism 15:35 <Daan_>This week, i had little thoughts about them. Except for the speech of Pericles. 15:35 <Erkan_Yilmaz>this helps me when reading it on Saturdays for our meetings 15:35 <Daan_>On what? 15:35 <Daan_>What kind of short text? 15:35 <Erkan_Yilmaz>a description what I just read 15:35 <Daan_>Oh, okay. 15:35 <Daan_>I saw that once. 15:35 <Daan_>I have learned at my study to make a relevant summary. 15:36 <Daan_>I studied history. 15:36 <Erkan_Yilmaz>you could say the descriptions are my summary 15:36 <Daan_>Yes. 15:36 <Erkan_Yilmaz>but they are not yet made public 15:36 <Daan_>You can post them on the Thucydees reading group page? 15:36 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I will make them public once - but I keep them in German 15:36 <Daan_>I can read German. 15:36 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I know 15:37 <Daan_>Otherwise you publish them on the German WV with a link to the English one. 15:37 <Erkan_Yilmaz>my idea was: in English there is much material to Thucydides, in German I am not sure 15:37 <Daan_>I think the Germans also have much literature. 15:37 <Erkan_Yilmaz>but sometimes my description is not exactly what the text tells, I am cutting really to the extreme - what my interpretation of the text is 15:38 <Daan_>I had a course on the Soviet Union, and German scholarship was as prominent as the english one. 15:38 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I know that there are many books 15:38 <Erkan_Yilmaz>but I am not sure about online texts / summaries 15:38 <Daan_>It is better to read books from the libraries, otherwise that world could fade away. 15:38 <Erkan_Yilmaz>well the History department in de.WP seems quite famous 15:38 <Daan_>Wikiversity could bring the world of books on the internet. 15:39 <Daan_>Is it? 15:39 <Daan_>On Wikipedia? 15:39 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I actually like reading texts on paper more than in digital 15:39 <Daan_>Me too. 15:39 <Daan_>I get a headache from reading from the screen. 15:39 <Erkan_Yilmaz>"Wikiversity could bring the world of books on the internet." <- that is actually a task of Wikisource 15:40 <Daan_>No, because you miss the intellectual debate. 15:40 <Daan_>The books already exist. We can get them, read them and discuss them. 15:40 <Erkan_Yilmaz>this: yes 15:41 <Daan_>There are so incredibly large amount of books, that Wikibooks will never be able to copy them. 15:41 <Erkan_Yilmaz>lately I am also interested in Asian history literature 15:41 <Daan_>I read a paper on Shanghai. 15:41 <Daan_>That was quite interesting. 15:41 <Daan_>Shanghai as a treaty port 1842-1946, was the title of my paper. 15:41 <Erkan_Yilmaz>ah, I want to go much more back in time 15:42 <Daan_>Especially the confrontation between China and Europe was interesting. 15:42 <Daan_>What kind of literature do you like? 15:42 <Daan_>Perhaps we can better go to wikiversity-en 15:42 <Daan_>Shall we close the Thucydides meeting? 15:43 <Daan_>And move to the english speaking wikiversity? 15:43 <Erkan_Yilmaz>we can talk there about that 15:43 <Daan_>Yes 15:43 <Erkan_Yilmaz>closing the discussion ? what do the others say ? 15:44 <Daan_>little :-p 15:44 <Erkan_Yilmaz>Ramac pietrodn myrmikonos mikeu 15:45 <Ramac>her i am :) 15:45 Yes, we can quit here

next meeting
15:45 <Erkan_Yilmaz>ok, when do you guys meet again ? 15:45 <Erkan_Yilmaz>next Saturday at which time ? 15:45 15:30 UTC? 15:46 <Erkan_Yilmaz>ok for me 15:46 <Erkan_Yilmaz>Daan Ramac myrmikonos ? 15:46 <Ramac>ok 15:47 - Ramac quited (Nick collision from services.) 15:47 <Daan_>I am ok as well. 15:47 <Erkan_Yilmaz>I will publish the log again 15:47 <Erkan_Yilmaz>anybody against this ? 15:47 - Ramac joined 15:47 <Erkan_Yilmaz>Ramac we will publish the log again, ok ? 15:48 <Ramac>ok 15:48 <Erkan_Yilmaz>pietrodn Daan myrmikonos mikeu - you agree ? 15:48 Yes, I give my authorisation to publish this log :-) 15:49 <Erkan_Yilmaz>thx pietrodn + Ramac 15:49 <Daan_>Me too :-p 15:49 <Erkan_Yilmaz>thx 15:50 <Erkan_Yilmaz>ok then, the others we can kill from the logs :-) 15:50 * Erkan_Yilmaz is publishing 15:59 i didn't say anything, but I agree to logs 15:59 :) 16:01 <Erkan_Yilmaz>:-)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Study of Genesis/Project Page

This is the project page for the Study of Genesis. Below are guidelines for posting the papers, along with a list of those who have completed the course.

Project Guidelines

 * 1) The paper must be approximately 1500 words in length
 * 2) The paper will be hosted on a Wikiversity page, and linked to from the Completed Term Papers section below.  If you do not know to create or edit a Wikiversity page, check out Wiki 101
 * 3) The paper's Wikiversity page should be entitled "Study of Genesis/Project Page/" + [title of the paper]
 * 4) The below link to your paper should display your name (or your Wikiversity username, or IP address for all it matters).
 * 5) The paper should contain your name (or username, etc.), date of creation, and course name.  See the sample term paper below for one possible format.
 * 6) Exceptional papers may be referenced in the course pages, or even incorporated if they fit well into the course material.

Completed Term Papers

 * Sample Term Paper

title: Study of Genesis/Project Page


text:
Bloom Clock/Lists

The Bloom Clock's Lists are similar to the ../Keys/, but rather than helping to identify a plant, these are used to help select plants for horticultural use. The lists use some of the categories that are ignored by the keys, so that users can find lists for native plants, non-invasive plants, etc.

Available Lists:
 * /Southeastern Pennsylvania/

title: Bloom Clock/Lists


text:
Bloom Clock/Lists/Southeastern Pennsylvania

The pages listed below are plant selection lists for Southeastern Pennsylvania.

Native Plants

 * See Category:BCP/SEPA/NP for a complete list.

Invasive Plants

 * See Category:BCP/SEPA/IP for an complete list.

Cultivated Plants

 * See Category:BCP/SEPA/GP for an extended list.

Cultivated Non-invasive Plants

 * /March/


text:
Study of Genesis/Project Page/Sample Term Paper

Why Genesis Is Awesome

I believe that Genesis is a very cool book. Why, you ask? well let me enumerate three reasons for you.

...

...

...

so in conclusion, Genesis remains, in my humble opinion, a very, very cool book.


text:
Bloom Clock/Lists/Southeastern Pennsylvania/March/Cultivated and Non-Invasive

The plants listed below flower in March in Southeastern Pennsylvania, and are not invasive.

Trees
 category=BCP/SEPA/3 category=Flowering tree logs category=BCP/SEPA/GP notcategory=BCP/SEPA/IP order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

Shrubs
 category=BCP/SEPA/3 category=Flowering shrub logs category=BCP/SEPA/GP notcategory=BCP/SEPA/IP order=descending ordermethod=lastedit

Herbaceous Plants
 category=BCP/SEPA/3 category=Flowering herb logs category=BCP/SEPA/GP notcategory=BCP/SEPA/IP order=descending ordermethod=lastedit


text:
User talk:Rajarshi

Welcome
Hello Rajarshi, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Countrymike 23:15, 8 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Rajarshi


text:
BCP/Acer saccharinum

Acer saccharinum

title: BCP/Acer saccharinum


text:
BCP/Acer saccharinum/Logs

2008 Logs

 * --SB_Johnny | talk 23:17, 8 March 2008 (UTC)
 * SBJ 10:03, 21 March 2008 (UTC)
 * SB Johnny-LM 08:16, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 09:21, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
 * SB Johnny-LM 10:50, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 10:49, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
 * --Jomegat 00:40, 24 April 2008 (UTC)

2009 Logs

 * Jomegat 17:00, 10 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 17:00, 13 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 16:59, 17 April 2009 (UTC)
 * Jomegat 21:14, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

Recent Logs

 * Jomegat 02:11, 19 March 2010 (UTC)

title: BCP/Acer saccharinum/Logs


text:
User:Voyaging

Hi, I'm Voyaging.

title: User:Voyaging


text:
User:Emesee/Archives/University news

September 2008

 * Stanford: Alumnus, NVIDIA founder pledges $30 million for campus engineering center

August 2008

 * MSU picked as home for Wind Applications Center
 * New Postdoc Program in Nanotechnology for Cancer Medicine Launched at Johns Hopkins

May 2008

 * May 28 Stanford project promises more accurate measure of poverty in U.S.

Thursday, April 17, 2008

 * Stanford - 'Federal Communications Commission (FCC) will hold a public, en banc hearing hosted by Stanford Law School's Center for Internet & Society on broadband network management practices and Internet-related issues'

March 2008

 * MIT - 'MIT to be tuition-free for families earning less than $75,000 a year'

February 2008

 * University of Chicago - 'Michelle Obama to work part time during campaign'

title: User:Emesee/Archives/University news


text:
Portal talk:Psychiatry

Patients die from poor care; families don't hear full story --Remi 03:52, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Challenge to Mental Health Legitimacy
I find that the recent shift to a recovery orientation amazing, in that there has always been a laypersons cliché that when a person is behaving in manner that is strange or different another person might say “that person needs help” which implies that the person can receive help. The term “recovery” as in “recovery from a psychiatric disorder” would then imply that this person has received in what is called in laypersons terms as “help.”  If you are with me so far, then would not clinical psychology, when evaluating itself as an institution through the recovery perspective see it self as only being about institutionalization, abnormal psychology see itself about the abnormality, (i.e. pathology) and it well being known that psychosocial treatments (a.k.a. termed as psychosocial rehabilitation or psychiatric rehabilitation) are not a part of psychiatry, but more of a social work or behavioral health service technology? Does this not leave room for the study of the phenomena or the experience in a psychological behavioral context termed as being “recovery?”--Recovery Psychology 13:25, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

"Off-label medicine combinations are the predominant treatment in survey of schizophrenics"
http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-09/plos-omc090808.php

title: Portal talk:Psychiatry


text:
User talk:Voyaging

Welcome
Hello Voyaging, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --Countrymike 04:10, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Voyaging


text:
Category talk:Philosophy

All the subcategories are lacking in substance or very obscure, nothing is well organized you should get together as a department and divy up the groups, have them make sense and organize them well. It's very hard to do because philosophy is so general but I think it can be done, anyone else have some suggestions? Wikilife 05:30, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

title: Category talk:Philosophy


text: Template:Pp-template

title: Template:Pp-template


text: Template:Course

title: Template:Course


text:
User:Remi/Scratch

 * Ologies/Topics
 * User:Remi/Category tree

Resources

 * Remi/Scratch

Resources

 * Remi/Scratch
 * Search for Remi/Scratch at Wikiversity

title: User:Remi/Scratch


text:
User:Koreamaria

Maria H. Lisak

IST Masters student at Indiana University

R626

Personal website at

title: User:Koreamaria


text:
User talk:Wikilife~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Wikilife, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz Wikiversity:Chat  09:34, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

reply
ping, Erkan Yilmaz Wikiversity:Chat  09:56, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * ping, Erkan Yilmaz Wikiversity:Chat  15:04, 9 March 2008 (UTC)
 * ping, Erkan Yilmaz Wikiversity:Chat  17:45, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Wikilife. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Wikilife~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:47, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:25, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wikilife~enwikiversity


text:
User:Mu301/Learning blog/2008-03

March 2008

 * I have been rather busy with real world projects lately and have not done as much editing and content creation here as I would have liked. The projects that I have been working on involve education and outreach through the observatory.  There are a number of programs that include teacher training workshops and bringing science into the classrooms of local schools.  Once these projects are underway I intend on using wikiversity pages to develop and distribute lesson plans and activities.  There will also be some online collaborative learning.  Here are some of the projects that will soon be developed: Weather station, new pages related to Observational astronomy, http://skycam.sandboxserver.org and SkyCam.  Hopefully I will be able to start working on these within the next few weeks.  Things are starting to come together and will probably develop quickly once they get off the ground.  I have also been confirmed as custodian and recently nominated for bureaucrat.  --mikeu talk 15:07, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

 * Next week I'll be attending a workshop on wiki and education. Here's the description:

"Enhancing Student Engagement: the WIKI Collaborative Workspace 'Wiki software is a powerful yet flexible communication tool for collaborative work. A wiki website can be viewed and modified by anybody with a web browser and access to the internet. Its ease and flexibility has resulted in broad adoption. Wikis can address a variety of pedagogical needs such as student involvement, group collaboration, and asynchronous communication. Since wikis reside on the internet, students can access and participate from any location. Faculty and students can engage in collaborative activities that might not be possible in a classroom. The following faculty panel will share with us what they have learned from their experiences and help us formulate best (and worst) practices.'"
 * --mikeu talk 21:33, 11 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I am currently testing Unified Login and Flagged Revisions. Please see (and edit) my test page. --mikeu talk 13:55, 1 April 2008 (UTC)

title: User:Mu301/Learning blog/2008-03


text:
User:Wikilife~enwikiversity

Hi I'm new to the wiki family but hope to catch on soon and contribute to this project. I'd love to start a course and get working but i'm not very familiar with wiki editing, let alone how to navigate through everything iv'e been exploring for a while now and I think i'm getting closer to figuring stuff out but it'll be a while still.

title: User:Wikilife~enwikiversity


text:
Scriptwriting

Scriptwriting: The Five Key Points of Story Structure

One thing is true of all stories. They all have a beginning, middle and end. Film scripts typically run from 100 to 120 pages with each page representing about a minute of screen time. Within these script pages there will be five vital events. There are five key points of story structure which are incredibly important in scriptwriting.

The Inciting Incident
The Inciting Incident generally takes place about fifteen minutes into a script and is the first major turning point of the story. The normality of your main character’s life will be broken in a big way. In the movie Dodgeball the Inciting Incident would be when Peter La Fleur finds out that Average Joes Gym will be sold unless he can raise enough money to pay off the bank.

Midpoint
To a scriptwriter the Midpoint of the script is the anchor in the vast sea of Act II. This is yet another turning point where the need of the main character is brought into focus. Often this is done through the introduction of a new character who forces the main character to sharpen his eye on the goal. The Midpoint for the film Dodgeball would be where Patches O'Houlihan is killed in an accident, leaving the team without their coach.

Plot Point II
Towards the end of Act II and the beginning of Act III we come to a crisis point, Plot Point II. Right now the main character in your script has had enough. They’re sick and tired of all the obstacles being thrown in their way. Their world is a dark place with little light left. Plot Point II should: 1. Force the main character to take action in attempt to solve the problem created by the inciting incident. 2. Make note of the “ticking clock”. Time is running out for your main character to finish the job. 3. Focus the character on their goal. Plot Point II would take place in Dodgeball where Peter La Fleur storms out of a team meeting and contemplates selling the gym to his rival White Goodman.

Climax
The climax is the biggest scene in the movie, the final battle between right and wrong, good and evil. Your main character will save the day and resolve their problems in dramatic fashion. In Dodgeball the Average Joes team beat the team from Globo-Gym only for White Goodman to reveal that Peter La Fleur had already sold him the gym, so the victory was all for nothing. La Fleur counters with the revelation that he placed all the money White had given him and bet on Average Joes to win, leaving him with enough money not only to buy Average Joes but White Goodman’s Globo-Gym as well.

title: Scriptwriting


text:
Talk:Epistemology

There are tons of branches for this page I don't know if there is another epistemology page out there but there is so much information for this i'm surprised this is all there is. Wikilife

 * Perhaps the search bar (on the left) can help you, see here for the results. Erkan Yilmaz Wikiversity:Chat  17:45, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

-- wow you just answear all my questions don't you haha. thanks again Wikilife

title: Talk:Epistemology


text:
Creating development environments

This area is research and teaching related to creating development environments, in the context of computer science.

Course Objective
Upon completion of this course the learner will be able to;

 * 1) describe a software DE -  Development Environment
 * 2) describe a software IDE - Wikipedia (Integrated Development Environment)
 * 3) set up a DE on the Ubuntu Linux platform for PhP development
 * 4) test their new DE by taking PhP programming examples and executing them

Discussion questions

 * How do you utilize your development environment?
 * What process did you go through to create your development environment?
 * What setup do you use for your development environment?

Wikipedia

 * Comparison of integrated development environments (for PHP)
 * Ubuntu
 * PHP

title: Creating development environments


text:
User talk:Mrguyguy226

Welcome
Hello Mrguyguy226, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz Wikiversity:Chat  23:50, 9 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mrguyguy226


text:
Portal talk:Religious studies

Religious & Mystical Geography
What on earth is 'Religious & Mystical Geography?' It sounds like it can go in 'Comparative Religion.'  Anyone saying religion is not mystical does not know; mysticisim is appropriate for advanced or elective Comparative Religion, which already has epistemology and metaphysics.--Dchmelik 22:18, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

Remove Department of Christian Studies
hey, I was sprucing up a few things over in the School of Theology when I noticed that the Division of Christian Studies is in both that school && religious studies. Judging by the content, I think that the Division of Christian Studies tends to focus on adherents to Christianity, not the unbiased study of it. So I wanted to suggest removing it from this division, and replacing it with a comparable NPOV department. (sorry, 4got to sign) --Opensourcejunkie 03:38, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 * You may as well say that about any single religious dept.. Perhaps having the dept. of Comparative Religion is enough.--Dchmelik 22:17, 22 March 2008 (UTC)

 * yeah, that and perhaps the dept. of Inter-Religious Conflict Studies - only those things that have to do with NPOV study of religions. That's how I see the division, anyway. --Opensourcejunkie 03:42, 25 March 2008 (UTC)

 * I strongly disagree. The secular study of any religion is just as needed as the secular study of religious structural composition (Comparative Religion) and as a conflict study area. And why is there no sociology of religion present? The sociological, social-anthropological and similar approaches are hugely influential in the academic study of religious phenomena. You can't study a religion as a scientist of religion with a POV - then you're a theologian of that religion (which is noble and all respect to those guys) - but we, as scientists doing research on this (and in this forum, communicating current research on the topic) need to adapt a methodological atheism, albeit not necessarily a personal one (Cf. Weber, Berger). I thus suggest the following structure (based in part on the BA curriculum in the Science of Religion at University of Copenhagen):
 * *Sociology of Religion
 * * Comparative Religion
 * * Cognitive approaches to Religion
 * * Theory and Method in the Study of Religion
 * * Area studies: Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, etc. Melpomenon 22:49, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

title: Portal talk:Religious studies