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User talk:6500jmk4

 Hello 6500jmk4, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Gbaor 13:55, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

 Hi , I am Percy. Nice to meet you. I love the beach, swimming, fishing, and I am currently doing some research at Wikiversity on oceanography. I am also learning to play piano. What do you like? Can I be your mascot?

Suggestions
Dear 6500jmk4! I see we will see a lot of new resources from you. To ease further navigation and decrease the need for additional corrections please consider these suggestions:
 * 1) move the the main page to the mainspace from your userspace - if you do so, the people could find it more easily, also because of the content it belongs there. you can copy-paste to a new page or use the "move" button/tab
 * 2) Categorize your pages - everything will be in one place
 * 3) Link pages to the main page of the module - again it eases navigation for you and any future users/ contributors
 * 4) if you have any questions, just ask me

Wishes, --Gbaor 13:55, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

About a deleted page
I came across a neglected undeletion request at Requests for deletion. Since the IP editor who created that page made substantial edits to your user page, I'm making a guess that the user might be or have been a student of yours. The editor claimed that the subject page was for a class, for extra credit. Although I have not seen the actual text yet -- I cannot, because I am not a custodian -- I believe it likely that the page was improperly deleted, which is why I've made the deletion request prominent. It's a shame that this user was not assisted, but the way the request was placed made it very easy to overlook. It should definitely be possible to obtain a copy of the text, even if for some reason the page is not undeleted. Any custodian could do that, and most will, on request. I've requested that if the page is not speedily undeleted, that it be "userfied," which would mean that a copy would be placed in my user space, so anyone could read it. I'm also emailing you, assuming that you have set your account to enable email.

I apologize on behalf of Wikiversity for the deletion. In the future, you might want to advise your students to register an account! And if you had nothing to do with this, well, this user made a lot of changes to your user page! Maybe you should look! --Abd 22:53, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

I've looked around more and have seen more. I see that above it was suggested by a long-time Wikiversitan that you restructure how you do this, in a way that might avoid future problems and be more useful for Wikiversity and perhaps yourself, and it will fit better with how the rest of Wikiversity is organized. And I intend to implement that if you (or someone else) doesn't object. This is what I will do, without objection:
 * I will move your user page to 18th century European scholarly societies and academies. (Though it will be a bit of work, this title can be changed later if a better resource title is found; this is basically your project and I'm just trying to assist.)
 * I will move all the pages created as part of your project to subpages of that page. So, for example, Aberdeen Philosophical Society will become 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Aberdeen Philosophical Society.
 * Redirects to the new locations will automatically be created.
 * I will create a new user page for you with a pointer to that new resource page, simply noting the fact that this content was moved there, replacing the automatic redirect, but still allowing people to find that content if they look for it in the old place. You may, of course, change this at any time.

I've noticed a few things that happened during this course that really shouldn't have happened, and I apologize for that. Things get a little ragged sometimes, everyone is trying to help, and mistakes get made. Please let me know if I can help in any way, I really appreciate that you chose to use Wikiversity as you did, and to be fully and maximally useful, it just needs a little tweaking.

I will repeat my suggestion that you indicate to your students that they may have a better experience here if they register and use a named account. It makes it much easier to follow their contributions, and they get a number of advantages, such as a watchlist that will notify them of changes to watched pages, a user Talk page that can be used to discuss issues that arise, etc. I get, for example, an email notification of any edit to my user page. It's very convenient! One of the problems I saw was that one of your students, as an anonymous IP editor, the same one whose page was deleted, replaced page content with a link to the WP article, which was a proper edit, indeed, but someone patrolling for vandalism, saw it and reverted it, because of how it looked casually. Had this been a named account, this probably wouldn't have happened; instead the edit was treated as if it were vandalism, and that wasn't noticed until today, by me.

You could, very practically, follow all the contributions of your students who have named accounts. That gets much harder if they edit anonymously. --Abd 00:40, 12 September 2010 (UTC)

 * Thanks for doing this. It was very helpful.  I hadn't realized that we could create sub-pages, which makes all the difference.  It's much better this way.  I didn't realize that students could make changes anonymously.  I had asked them to register.  FYI, the way that the overall scheme is set up, students will be working on this site over multiple semesters, adding and editing as they go along.  Once I see an entry that is good enough, we will move it over to Wikipedia.

--6500jmk4 17:40, 12 September 2010 (UTC)
 * Great. Thanks. I'll think about, and ask about, what should be done when you move an article to Wikipedia. The articles should not simply be copied, because that will lose the edit history, there is an import feature that sysops can use. I'm not a sysop at this point, but just ask me on my Talk page and I'll help get it done.
 * It's possible, by the way, that a student registered an account but then just didn't log in.... Since they are creating pages for credit, it should really be important for them to log in, so the edits are credited to them and not to, as in the case I ran across that led me to this whole situation, 98.220.61.193. That might look nice on a diploma, though, eh? --Abd 22:01, 12 September 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:6500jmk4


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User:Carrios

Caroline O'Connor
Holland, Michigan

Experience

 * Executive Assistant
 * Administrative Specialist
 * Event/Wedding Planner

Education

 * Bachelor of Science, Human Resource Management, Davenport University, 2005
 * Master of Arts, Ministerial Leadership, Indiana Wesleyan University, 2009

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Carrios


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User talk:Carrios

Welcome
 Hello Carrios, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Ottava Rima (talk) 15:18, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Carrios


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User talk:Thatschoolkid

 Hello Thatschoolkid, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --AFriedman (talk) 19:14, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

 Woof! My name is Jack Russell. I am a dog and a Wikiversity mascot. I am pretty new around Wikiversity. Perhaps we can learn together! Tail wag...

title: User talk:Thatschoolkid


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Comparative law and justice/Lebanon

Part of the Comparative law and justice Wikiversity Project

Thabchi 0178 19:22, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Basic Information about Lebanon
Population: 4,224,000

Age Structure: 0-14 years: 26.7% (male 520,270; female 499,609) 15-64 years: 66.4% (male 1,216,738; female 1,324,031) 65 years and over: 6.9% (male 120,176; female 145,194)

Area: 4,035 sq. mi. Lebanon is located in Western Asia, and Syria borders the country from the North while Irael borders it from the South. It falls on the eastern shore of the Medditeranian sea. Mount Lebanon or the Western Mountain Range of Lebanon runs 99 miles across the Medditeranian coast and is considered the most important geographical feature in Lebanon. It is the home of the famous "Cedars of Lebanon". Lebanon has several languages such as French, English, Armenian, but the official language is Arabic. 59% of the population in Lebanon are Muslims. Within the Muslim reliogion there are 5 different sects Shia, Sunni, Druze, Isma'ilite, Alawite or Nusayri. 39% of the Lebanese population practice Christianity. Similiar to the Muslim there are 12 recognized sects, (Maronite Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Syrian Catholic, Armenian Catholic, Syrian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Chaldean, Assyrian, Copt, Protestant. 1.3% of the people are in the other catergory.

Key ethnic groups and the percentage of the population that is of each one, including how these ethnic groups ended up in the country.The key ethinc group in Lebanon is Arab with an astonishing 95%. Arabs make up a huge majority of the country. 4% of the population are Armenian, with 1% describing themselves as other. "many Christian Lebanese do not identify themselves as Arab but rather as descendents of the ancient Canaanites and prefer to be called Phoenicians"

title: Comparative law and justice/Lebanon


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Comparative law and justice/Iceland

Part of the Comparative law and justice Wikiversity Project

Swestgate 5060 19:25, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Basic Information

Is an island east of Canada, and south east of Greenland in the North Atlantic Sea. The majority of the population is of Norwegian, Irish or Scottish decent. "Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althing, established in 930". The total area of the island is 103,000sq feet. Of that only 2,750sq feet is comprised of water. The CIA Factbook describes it as being "slightly smaller than Kentucky". There is no concept of seperation of church and state. The ministers that work for the State Church are paid by the Icelandic government. The Evangelical Lutheran church is the Icelandic church, but not everyone is required to practice that religion. There is freedom of religion, but if one decides to not belong to any church, then they have to pay dues to the University of Iceland. Everyone is equal under the law regardless of sex, religion, opinion, national origin, race, colour, property, birth or other status.

Brief History
As stated before, most of the citizens of Iceland are of Scottish, Norweigen or Nordic decent. The native language in Iceland is Icelandic and the Evangelical Lutheran church is the Icelandic church. Because of the fallout from Askja volcano of 1875, many of the citizens were forced to emigrate to the United States and Canada. Iceland has a history of being a very fair and equal country, probably because everyone is so similar.

Economic Development, Health, and Education
The Icelandic economic structure is capitalist. People are entitled to own their own property and conduct business without the rule of government as long as the business is legal. The banks were government ruled, and sustained through private holdings until the turn of the millennium when they decided to sell banks to private companies. These companies hired many people and started to make investments with other international banks because Iceland as a country had such a great credit score. This caused a huge rise in the "value" of Icelandic money (krona). The Icelandic stock market was soaring but there was no real value to the stocks that were being purchased. The Icelandic people were wealthy on paper but not in goods or GDP. One can relate this to the idea behind the federal reserve. In the United States, the money in circulation is supposed to mirror the amount of gold in the federal reserve (backed up by gold) but since we print more money than there is gold, the value of the dollar is in a sense imaginary. This was true in Iceland. They were banking on the value of their stocks and appeared to be extremely wealthy, when in all actuality, the value of their money was merely a growing bubble that inevitably popped. One could say that the bottom fell out of the Icelandic economy. The big problem was that the Icelandic government did not have the resources or authority to do anything about the crisis because the banks were privatized. The banks all collapsed. As recently as last year the three major banks in Iceland crashed and the government did nothing about this. The government remained neutral and did not suffer the monumental losses as a result. The amount of money owed to other nations by the Icelandic government was so minuscule that they were able to progress beyond the financial crisis that the privatized banks were experiencing. The economy in Iceland is still in recovery.

Iceland has a Minister of health that must enforce the laws and regulations by the Althingi (Parliament)

Everyone is guaranteed a "suitable general education and tuition" There is a pre-school ruled according to government standards available to any child under 6. Then there is compulsory education from age 6-16 and is usually set up into the same school of primary and lower secondary school. From age 16 on, no one is compelled to complete any further education but there is a system in place for those aged 16-20. At that point if someone still wishes to complete their education, they can attend Universities. This is much like the educational system in the United States besides the pre-schools being run by the State and the ages of compulsory education. This is just one more example of how the Icelandic Government actually has a very good social welfare system.

Governance
Codefied Civil Law System "1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)". Became completely independent in 1944. Operates under Civil law and rules with a constitution. They have a mixed system because they have a president and primeminister. President Olafur Ragnar Grimmison (since 1 August 1996) The head of government is Johanna Sigurdardottir. He was appointed in Februrary of 2009. In this system, the prime minister, appoints the cabinet. The head of government: Prime Minister Johanna Sigurdardottir (since 1 February 2009). The president is in charge of drawing up treaties with other countries unless they make major changes to international waters or promise servitude to another country. It is a Republic with a parliamentary government.

Elections
The president is elected by the people during a democratic election. Anyone who is at least 35 and meets all the requirements to vote in an election can run for president. They vote for the candidate directly in a secret ballot and the one with the most votes wins. If no one runs against the candidate, then they automatically win. cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister. The president chooses who shall be in parliament, and can also be removed from office. If this happens, they suspend all actions performed by the president and the parliament is dissolved completely and new elections must take place. The president himself can also dissolve parliament. In this case, elections must be held no more than 45 days from this point. No one can hold office unless they are a Icelandic resident. The Althingi (parliament) consists of no more than 63 members that are elected directly by the people in a secret ballot. It is representative of the people of the country and each district is entitled to no more than 6 representatives.

Judicial Review
Iceland does practice Judicial Review by the courts based on their Constitution which is much like the American system of Judicial Review.

Courts and Criminal Law
There are no juries. Cases are heard by a panal of judges especially in the supreme court where a panal of 3 to 5 judges hears the case depending on the seriousness of the case. The defendants are considered innocent until proven guilty. The burden of proof lies with the prosecution.

An appeal to the Supreme Court can be made by anyone that has standing. A case does not have to be referred by a judge or previous court. There are 9 Supreme Court Justices.

District courts are courts of first instance. There are eight district courts in Iceland, which have jurisdiction in both civil and criminal cases. Appeals are heard by the Supreme Court, consisting of nine justices (all appointed for life by the president), who elect one of their number as chief justice for a two-year term. There are special courts for maritime cases, labor disputes, and other types of cases.

The courts are free from political control. Although the Ministry of Justice administers the lower courts, the Supreme Court oversees independent and fair application of the law.

A recent reform project transferred all judicial authority for criminal and civil cases form local officials (chiefs of police) to newly established district courts. This complete separation of judicial and executive power in regional jurisdictions was completed in 1992. If is person is arrested, they have the right to be seen by a judge with in 24hours. At that point, the judge can decide to hold the accused or release them on bail, of which the judge decides the amount. Everyone is entitled to a hearing and a public trial if the judge deems necessary.

Punishment
Since 1998, there has been a law that states that a pretrial detainee can be held in prison indefinitely regardless of the charge. Juveniles as young as 15 can be incarcerated in an adult prison due to the lace of juvenile detention facilities. The Icelandic Government states that such a facility is not needed since so few juveniles are sent to prison. In fact, most of them are put on probation or assigned community service. The prison population is growing in Iceland and the prisons they currently have are not big enough to accommodate everyone. Since so few women are incarcerated, some men (with the permission of the women inmates) are sent to the women's facility to carry out their sentence. There is much push for more prisons to built in Iceland.

Legal Personnel
People who wish to obtain a law degree must apply to the University of Law in Reykjavik or one of the other three law schools in Iceland. Like the United States, the graduates need to pass the Bar exam to be able to practice law. If a defendant wishes to represent him or herself in Supreme Court, they have the ability to do so unless the judge feels that that person is not qualified and then they can require them to hire a professional. "There are four schools of law in Iceland. To enter an Icelandic law school, a student needs to have graduated from a secondary high-school. After three years of study, a bachelor’s degree is delivered, with which it is possible to work as a lawyer. A master’s degree (two years of study) is a requirement to take the Icelandic Bar Examination, and is likely to be the standard diploma sought by students, who are not expected to commonly start a professional career after obtaining a bachelor’s degree in law. A Ph.D. in law is offered at some universities. The following universities have a school of law: Bifröst University, Reykjavik University, the University of Akureyri, and the University of Iceland".

Law Enforcement
I would say that Iceland would be considered a Centralized, multiple coordinated type of police structure. They have the Icelandic National police since 2008. The minister of justice is the head of the Icelandic and national commissioner, and must possess a law degree. (Rikislogreglustjor) The commissioner is responsible for all police functions and has authority over the prosecution of economic offenses, treason and other types of related offenses. "To qualify for admission to the college, applicants must be Icelandic citizens,aged between 20 and 35, in good mental and physical health, have completed two years of post-compulsory education or the equivalent, have good language skills, a driving license, be able to swim, and have a clean criminal record. A special entrance examination is held, with the emphasis on knowledge of Icelandic and general physical stamina". The applicants must then continue their education for roughly 3 years in areas of the law. This is much longer than police academies in the U.S. There are 9 tiers or levels of law enforcement within the country of Iceland. There is the National Commissioner, Police Chief, Vice or Duputy Police Chief, Chief Constable, Chief Sargent, Sergent, Policeman and lastly district police man. The policing authority is split up into 25 districts that are policed by individual district chiefs. Within the districts, the police Chiefs are responsible for many civil duties. In fact, upon first glance, the duties that they perform seem like those of a civil servant or attorney. They collect taxes, deal with family matters, register all mortgages and deeds and settle estates. If a serious offense should arise, there is a director of public prosecutor that is responsible for prosecutions of that sort. Iceland does not have it's own military, but instead relies on the "US manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered at Keflavik". Since 2006 NATO has agreed that the airspace would be patrolled by Norwegian intelligence and is still in effect as of 2008. Because there are only ferries from May through September, and it's coast line is pretty much inhospitable, the patrol by the Icelandic coast guard is more than sufficient. Corruption in Iceland is practically non-existent. The Transparency International Corruption perceptions Index rates it 4th behind Finland, Denmark & New Zealand 9.4 out of 10.

Crime Rates and Public Opinion
Offenses per 100,000 The lowest crime rates in Iceland appear to be those concerning violent crime against one another. This could be possible because Iceland has such a homogenous society. The problem of most concern is first speeding, second driving under the influence and thirdly, anything having to do with drug related offenses. Their major crime concerns are non-violent crimes. In 2005, the major crimes that were reported were: Rape at 24.9, Homicide 1, Manslaughter at .3, Breaking and Entering at 99.3, Robbery at 16.7, Holding Narcotics at 473.4, Public Intoxication at 540, DUI at 663.7, and finally Speeding at 8,013.3 instances per 100, 000 people.

Family Law
The laws on marriage and divorce have been liberalized, confirmed partnership of homosexual couples has gained equal status as marriage of heterosexuals, cohabitation has gained some recognition in different laws, rights of lone parents have been increased and the rights of children, in society and in the family, has been ensured through various legislation. Although the legal restrictions on laws are quite liberal, homosexual couples have not been granted the right to adopt children or be inseminated. Men and women have equal rights under the law within the marriage and are treated equally in the eyes of the court in regards to divorce and for child custody decisions, the court always decides as to the best interest of the child or children involved. As far as inheritance goes, Heirs at law shall be the following: The spouse of a deceased person. The parents are responsible for their children until they are 18. There are many single mothers, and step parents are just as legally responsible for the children as the biological parents.

Social Inequality
As with any country, there are social inequalities but they are relatively non existent due to the homogeneous society. The socioeconomic differences are the ones that are most evident, but since the government of Iceland has such an effective welfare system. The majority of the citizens are employed, but the ones that are not are taken care of by the state. Their primary concern is alleviating poverty and have a phenominal system that seems to be set up to promote equality or at least equal opportunity. The hospitals and schools are state run and therefore all citizens have adequate access to health care and education.

Human Rights
The rights that the citizens in Iceland possess are: "Freedom from arbitrary or unlawful deprivation of life: Arbitrary Arrest or Detention, Denial of fair public trial, arbitrary interference with privacy, family, home or correspondence, freedom from speech and press, freedom of peaceful assembly and association, Freedom of religion, freedom of movement within the country, foreign travel emigration and repatriation, respect for political rights, the rights of citizens to change their government, and discrimination.  Freedom societal abuse and trafficking persons". These are the rights that are listed and in compliance with the UN list of Human Rights. The Icelandic Government is actually very good at abiding by it's constitution which was drafted with the protection of it's citizens in mind. They believe that everyone in Iceland should basically have the same rights as everyone else in society and take pretty good measures to make sure that everyone has an equal opportunity to education and liberty. As stated before, I believe this is due to the fact that the society in Iceland is homogeneous which means that there are no significant minority threats. In the United States, it seems as though many do not enjoy the benefits that those in Iceland do, but this could be because the Untied States has at least ten times as many citizens that come from countless ethnic groups.

title: Comparative law and justice/Iceland


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Comparative law and justice/France

Geographical Demographics
France is a country in Europe, which sits next to the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel to the Northwest; Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany to the North; Switzerland and Italy to the East; and Spain and Andorra to the South. The total landmass of France, which includes it's colonies (Martinique, French Guiana, Guadeloupe) is 643,427 square miles. France is the 42nd largest country in the World.

France has many mountains, rivers and other geographical features, but the most prominent mountains and rivers include:

 * Mount Blanc (Northwestern France)
 * Maritime Alps
 * Pyrenees Mountains (Between France and Spain)
 * Seine River (Northeast France)
 * Loire (Longest River)
 * Rhone (Runs from Swiss Alps to the Mediterranean)

France is famous for its large cities, with its largest being Paris, which has a population of about 11.8 Million. The second largest is Lyon, with a population of about 1.7 Millon.

People
France is a country with a population of about 64 Million. The age demographics in France range from: 18.6% for ages 0-14 (Male: 6, 129,729; Female: 5,838,925); 65% for ages 15-64 (Male:20,963,124; Female: 20,929,280); and 16.4% for ages 65 and older (Male: 4,403,248; Female: 6,155,767).

The official language in France is French, however many other languages are spoken in this country. The most common secondary languages are Occitan (12%), German (3%), Italian (1.7%), Arabic (1.7%), and Breton (1.2%). Other smaller language groups are Flemish, Basque, Catalan, and Corsu.

Ethnic Groups
Although most people in France are French nationals, other ethnic groups do exist. Major ethnic groups on France include North African/Berbers, Basques and the Turkish. North Africans arrived in France after France colonized Algeria, Morocco, Libya and Tunisia in the 1800's. Basques were a group of people who were native to France before it became a nation-state. The Turkish people arrived in France when France made a contract with Turkey to bring in workers in the 1960's and 1970's. France does not record percentages of ethnic groups, in an attempt to prevent racism.

Religion
France does not have an official religion. Most of the people of France are Roman Catholic (83-88%). Religious minorities in France are Protestant (2%), Jewish(1%), Muslim(5-10%) and Unaffiliated(4%). The state and the church have officially been separated from each others. Most Christians in France do not attend church. Only about five percent attend regularly. Muslims in France tend to be have more religiosity because many feel as though France is pushing against them.

Economic Development, Health, and Education
The GDP of France was $2.097 trillion in 2009. However, the GDP per capita was $32,600 in 2009. The average annual income was $26,416.

The key industries in France are machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics, textiles, food processing and tourism. The most imported items were machinery, vehicles, oil, aircraft, plastics and chemicals. The most exported items are transportation equipment, aircraft, plastics, pharmaceutical products, iron and steel, and beverages.

The average life expectancy in France is 77.79 years for males and 84.33 years for females. The infant mortality rate in 3.33 deaths for every 1,000 births. This makes France 217th in the world for its infant mortality rate. In general, France is a relatively healthy country.

In France, ninety-nine percent of people are literate for both males and females. The average education attainment is until sixteen years old.

History
France would be considered in its modern form after the French Revolution, in which the aristocracy of King Louis XVI was overthrown. On August 29, 1789, the Declaration of the Rights of Man was created. The principles of the declaration, which are, Liberté, égalité, fraternité (liberty, equality, fraternity) still exist today. In 1799, Napoleon Bonaparte came to power and was crowned French emperor. Napoleon conquered France, Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany and Poland. Napoleon was defeated in Russia, then at Waterloo in 1815. Napoleon was replaced by King Louis XVIII and until 1870, France was ruled by emperors with continually changing lineage.

In 1870, Paris was conquered by Germany and the Third Republic began in 1871, which ended the French monarchy.

During World War I, Germany invaded France. The Germans successful invaded and occupied the Northeastern part of France, but after that, both sides were locked in a stalemate for most of the rest of the war. During World War II, Germany completely overran France in 1940. In 1944 and 1945 the Allies invaded and retook all of France. At the end of World War II, Charles de Gaulle was appointed as the head of state. During this time, de Gaulle released many colonies from France's influence (Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Libya).

Past/Current Colonies of France
The past colonies of France include, but not limited to are: Florida and Louisiana (including much of the U.S. West of Mississippi River), part of the U.S. East of the Mississippi river (Although this was before the U.S. existed), Eastern Canada, Haiti (Saint-Domingue), Dominica, Saint Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Grenada, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Annam, Paracel Islands, Lebanon, Syria, parts of India, French Equatorial Africa, Mauritius, and Vanuatu.

The of the current colonies of France (Many of them small islands) the major ones are French Guiana, Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Polynesia.

Governance
France is a republic and its officials are elected by French citizens. France is organized into twenty-two administrative regions, which also include ninety-six departments. There are also four overseas departments which include Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guiana, and Reunion.

France's "Constitution of the Fifth Republic" was approved on September 28, 1958. In the executive branch in France there is the president, prime minister, the heads of the ministries. The president controls the armed forces, prime minister and the cabinets. The president also may rule by dictatorship in emergencies with the approval of the National Assembly. The president appoints the prime minister (head of government) and the prime minister controls the minsters and the secretaries of state. In order to become president, you must be at least twenty-three years old and be sponsored by 500 elected officials from thirty or more departments.

The legislature is made up of a bi-cameral parliamentary body, known as the National Assembly and the Senate, that meets once a year for a nine-month session. However, the president may call the parliament into session if need be. All laws are made by the parliament. The National Assembly is the more powerful of the two bodies and has the last say on all legislative measures. The parliament has very few checks on the executive branch. To become part of the National Assemble you must be at least twenty-three years old and of French nationality and also meet voter eligibility requirements. Similarly, to be elected as a Senator you must meet all previous requirements, but be thirty years of age.

For law to be made in France a bill must be proposed to the Parliament and passed by the Constitutional Acts, Legislation and General Administration Committee. After, the bill is sent to the Senate and then also the National Assembly. There is usually a presentation of the bill publicly and then motions are made on the bill, with debates of its clauses. At end, a parts of the bill are voted on by the parliament by quorum. There is also a second vote on the bill after second deliberations, where a joint committee discusses the bill in its entirety. Once the deliberations and amendments to the bill are made are finished, the bill is voted on by parliament. Once the bill is approved by parliament, it is reviewed by the Constitutional Council. If the bill does not violate any constitutional articles, then the bill is presented to the president and prime minister to be signed. At this end, the bill is finally law and can be publicized.

The judicial branch in France is made up of ordinary courts, which handle disputes between people and corporations, in areas such as family, inheritance, or criminal law. The highest ordinary court in France is the Court of Appeals. Also, France has administrative courts, in which people can sue the government. The Council of State is a the appeals court in the administrative court system, which addresses citizens grievances. France also has a constitutional court, which is the Constitutional Council. Unlike in the United States, the Constitutional Council only reviews cases brought to it by parliament, the prime minister or the president. The Constitutional Council also only reviews legislation before it is put into effect. Judges in France are not elected.

Family of Law
France has been traditionally a civil law country since the French Revolution. The civil law tradition in France was influenced by Roman and Italian scholars. After the French Revolution, laws were codified in the Civil Codes on France in 1804 and the system was created to resist the influence of judges who had abused their power in the past. The French codes have been used for over 200 years. France is probably the most well known civil law country.

France also has two families of law, private law which is the body of law governing individuals, and public law, which applies to public officials acting in the scope of their office. Public law uses a different court system, in which the fundamental element is the Administrative Tribunal.

Elections
France holds presidential, general (National Assembly), Senate, European, regional, cantonal and municipal elections.

The electoral system in France is unique and has a two-round ballot system for presidential and legislative elections. The the first round are large group of candidates from differing parties are voted for and then two candidates are chosen to be voted for in the second round. From the second round, a winner is chosen by majority vote. On the whole, the French electoral system is a single member plurality. For local elections, a proportional electoral system is most often used.

In order to be elected in regional, cantonal and municipal elections you must be eighteen years old and a French national and/or a national of a member state of the European Union. The president is elected directly every five years. The president may only serve for two terms. Polling for presidential elections are referred to as "scrutin uninominal majoritaire à deux tours", literally a two-round single name first-past-the-post poll." Deputies to the National Assembly are elected directly every five years. In total, there are 557 seats. In the Senate, there are 331 seats and they are elected by an electoral college every six years. European elections, which are for the European Union Parliament are every five years. Since France is part of the European Union, it has seventy-eight seats in the parliament of the European Union. Regional and cantonal elections elect councilors, which are part of regional councils, and cantons, which are part of the general council directly every six years. Lastly, municipal representatives to municipal councils are elected directly every six years, as well.

In order to vote in France, you must be a French national. Suffrage for French nationals is universal, free, and private. French voters must registered and be eighteen years of age.

Judicial Review
France follows an inquisitorial system in its courts, which follows along with its civil law roots.

Judicial review in France does not have a long history. Judicial review in France has been resisted since the French Revolution in the 1800's. Judicial review began to surface with the creation of the Constitutional Council in 1958. The Constitutional Council does not review laws that are already in practice, but instead judges bills from parliament that have not been signed into law. However, the Constitutional Council may review legislation that is currently law by referral. Bills must be approved by the Constitutional Council, in order for them to be signed into law. In the Council's early years, many complained that the Council stepped on the toes of the legislature and prevented it from making law. However, in recent years, the Constitutional Council has been accepted as part of the law making process.

Judges on the Constitutional Council are appointed every nine years, in which three are appointed by the President, three by the President of the National Assembly and three by the President of the Senate.

Courts and Criminal Law
The French judicial system is an independent body in the French government and has the power of enforcing laws, while the legislature and executive have the powers of passing laws and implementing laws, respectively. The French courts have several fundamental principles including but not limited to, "access to justice for all," "access to justice for all," "independence and neutrality of the courts," "permanence," "right of a fair trial," and "right to an appeal."

The court system in France is "a double pyramid structure." There are two parts of the courts in France, which are the administrative and judicial courts. The administrative courts settle disputes between the government/public "authorities" and the people. The administrative courts are set up in a hierarchy with the Administrative Tribunal at the bottom, the Administrative Appeal Court in the middle and the Counseil d'Etat (Council of State) at the top. In the administrative courts, people can appeal decisions to the court directly higher in the hierarchy.

The judicial courts are made up of even more courts, than the administrative courts. Split into two, the judicial courts have both penal and civil sections. In the penal section there are the Court of Positions (for serious criminal cases), the Criminal Court, the Court of Police and some Juvenile Courts. The civil courts are made up of the Judge of Nearby (disputes less than 4,000 euros), the Court Proceedings Tribunal(disputes with less than 10,000 euros), the High Court(disputes involving 10,000 ore more euros), the Board of Industrial Disputes, the Court Cases of Social Security,the Assize Court and the Commercial Court. The penal and civil courts all can have appeals brought to their respective Court of Appeal and from there appeals can be brought to the Court of Cassation.

The specialized courts in France include the Disputes Tribunal and the Constitutional Council. The Disputes Tribunal is responsible for handling disputes between the judiciary and administrative branches of government. The disputes court is made up of the Minister of Justice, the Attorney General, and eight judges. The Constitutional Council reviews legislation of the legislature before it is made into law and also decides constitutional questions in France. The court is made of of eleven members who are appointed by the President of France. The members serve a nine year non-renewable term. Past presidents are also members of the Council. The Constitutional Council is the highest court in France, and is the only court with the power of judicial review.

Trial System and Legal Players
In France, in which there is an inquisitorial system, the defendant in a trial is presumed to be innocent. Unlike in the United States, the purpose of the French trial is to the find the facts of a case. In France, the main player in a trial is the judge. Since many French courts do not have juries, the judge plays an active role in the investigation and questioning of the defendant. The lawyer also plays a passive role in French courts. The major action is between the defendant, witnesses and the judge(s).

The players in the French judicial system are the judge, the lawyers and the juries. In ordinary and administrative courts, the judges are chosen from a selective examination, lateral entry or nomination. In order to take the examination to be a judge, the prospect must complete a master's program in law. If chosen from a high scoring examination, the prospective judge must complete attend a judicial training school for one year and also a two year judicial placement. After training, the prospective judge takes an exit exam and is appointed in a vacant seat. For lateral entry a lawyer, normally a prosecutor, applies to become a judge after about eight years of experience. Also, a prosecutor may be nominated to a vacant seat by the Ministry of Justice. Judges in France are viewed as public servants and are usually not as prestigious as judges in the United States.

Lawyers in France are trained in universities and must receive a bachelor's degree. After college, prospective lawyers must pass a an entrance exam to a training program in law. Upon completion, the student must also pass an exit exam and then enters the legal profession, in a specialty of their choice. Lawyers in France are also viewed as public servants and work to advocate for their clients or the state. As said, lawyers do not take an active role in trials, but work to make sure the process is fair.

The jury in France is not a largely used function in French courts. Juries only appear in serious criminal cases with a sentence of ten years or higher. Juries are never used in civil or administrative trials. Jury selection in France is down by a random drawing of names and normally takes about half an hour to complete. Juries in France have equal footing with the judge and listen to questioning and decide the guilt or innocence of the accused and also the sentence.

Legal Financial Remedy
In France and many civil law countries, the concept of punitive damages is looked down upon and have almost never been used in practice. However, there are changes in the area of punitive damages being proposed to the Constitutional Council. In France, compensatory damages are sometimes given as a remedy in court cases, but never punitive damages. Punitive damages (exemplary) are said to be against the fundamental goals of the civil law system.

Punishment
Imprisonment rates in France are low in comparison to those in the United States. According to Defending Justice Organization, the United States incarcerates 726 people for every 100,000 people, while France only incarcerates 91 people for every 100,000 people. Typical punishments for crimes such as theft, rape, assault, treason, and murder are imprisonment for varying lengths and and/or a fine. According to the French penal code, the punishment for murder is thirty years imprisonment, but when the murder is preceded by a felony, the punishment is life imprisonment. The punishment for rape and theft is fifteen and three years in prison and/ or a 45,000 euro fine, respectively. When fines are used as punishment, the fine is predetermined in the French penal code by offense.

Capital punishment has been a large part of France's history, but has been abolished since October 9, 1981. The last state executions were in 1977. Also, France refuses to extradite people to countries who use the death penalty. In terms of corporal punishment, corporal punishment is unlawful as a state punishment or in prisons. In schools and in the home, there is no prohibition against corporal punishment. Corporal punishment is used under the "right of correction" under customary law.

[[Image:Corporal punishment in Europe.svg|thumb|320px|left|Legality of corporal punishment in Europe:
 * Green: Corporal punishment prohibited in schools and the home
 * Blue: Corporal punishment prohibited in schools only
 * Red: Corporal punishment not prohibited ]]

Prison Conditions
According to the French government, prison conditions in France are been improved in recent years. The purpose of prison time, according to the government is for rehabilitation. Prisoners are allowed to have family contact and even people with life sentences have the option of parole However, according to non-governmental sources, prisons are overcrowded and deteriorating. It had also been noted that French prisons are comparable to medieval dungeons. The overuse of handcuffs has been denounced in French prisons since a woman in a French prison was injured when she was giving birth in 2003. French prisoners are said to have serious physical and mental abuse and problems.

Juvenile Justice
In terms of juveniles in the French criminal justice system, there are juvenile courts and prisons. France considers a person to be liable for their crimes when they are "capable of discernment." In France, juveniles under ten years old can receive no penalties for a crime they commit because they are not yet able to discern between right and wrong. For juveniles aged ten to thirteen can only receive educational penalties for crimes. Juveniles aged thirteen to sixteen may receive criminal sanctions for criminal actions, but only half of the sentence an adult would receive. Legal acts to reform the juvenile justice system in France have led to more alternatives to prison time and better organization to the juvenile justice system.

Disparities in Criminal Justice
In recent years, with the migration of Muslim and Middle Eastern immigrants to France, there have been significant reports of hate crimes and discrimination against these immigrants. France has a no head scarf ban, which makes it illegal to wear a headscarf in public, which has spurred from Muslim immigration to the country. French prisons are now becoming more crowded with Middle Eastern and Muslim immigrants at increasing rates. Also, the current French president, Sarkozy, has "proposals to strip French nationals of foreign origin of their citizenship if they endanger the lives of police officers." Even though reports of disparities in law have been reported, it is very difficult to find relevant statistics due to the fact that France refuses to report information on discrimination, in order to deter hate crimes, supposedly.

Law Enforcement
There are two overseeing law enforcement bodies in France, which are the Police Nationale and the Gendarmerie Nationale. The police structure can be defined as Centralized Multiple Coordinated System because the bodies operate in defined jurisdictions but sometimes have overlapping authority.

The Police Nationale are composed of eleven directorates and departments. There are 126,000 police officers and administrative employees that work in the Police Nationale. One of the most notable departments is the Direction centrale de la Police judiciaire, which investigates crimes and assists the judiciary. In general, the Police Nationale have the responsibility of making sure laws are followed. The Police Nationale is under the Ministry of the Interior and the General Directorate is responsible for:

 * General Inspectorate of the National Police
 * Central Directorate of Judiciary Police
 * Directorate of Territory Surveillance
 * Central Directorate of Public Security
 * Central Directorate for General Information
 * Central Directorate of Border Police
 * Central Service of the Republic's Security Forces
 * Technical International Police Co-operation Service
 * Protection of High-Profile Personalities Department

In order to be an officer in the Police Nationale you must be at least nineteen years old and. The officers in the Police Nationale are selected by examination. After examination, prospective officers are trained in specialized schools for one year. Often times, ranking in the Police Nationale depends on the amount of education you have.

The Gendarmerie Nationale is a part of the Armed Forces and is under the Ministry of Defense. About 90,000 people work for the Gendarmerie Nationale. The main job of the Gendarmerie Nationale is to keep public order and also investigate some crimes. The Gendarmerie Nationale are divided into 3,600 divisions and are given specific tasks. After competitive examination, prospective Gendarme Officers must attend the Academy of National Gendarmerie Officers for two years and take courses in "Law, International Relations, Crime, Public Order, Human Resources Management, Relations with Medias, Human Rights, Foreign Languages, Crisis Management." The Gendarmerie Nationale work in regional divisions and also consist of the Gendarmerie Departmental and the Gendarmerie Mobile. The Gendarmerie Departmental are separated into brigades who investigate crimes, prevent juvenile delinquency and patrol roads, mountains and air traffic. The Gendarmerie Mobile have semi-military training and act as "anti-riot police." The squadrons have tanks, armored vehicles and helicopters.

On the local level and under the control of mayors is the Police Municipale. The Police Municipale are responsible for urban policing and keeping public order. There are about 20,000 municipal police officers. They are most similar to the police officers you would think of in the United States. The Police Municipale work locally, while other departments noted work on a national level. The Police Municipale supplement the Gendarmerie and the Police.

In a public opinion sense, the majority of French people believe that the police are efficient (65%).

Corruption
France is noted on a scale of one to ten to have a corruption level of 6.9, as reported by Transparency International. In comparison, the United States is reported to have a corruption level of 7.5. According to the Global Integrity Report France has a history of high corruption levels, which is due to "poor accountability regulations for executive, legislative and judicial branches." In total, France's integrity rating is seventy-eight out of one hundred. In terms of law enforcement, French law enforcement if on the positive side of the median for when compared to fifty other countries.

Crime Rates and Public Opinion
In general, France does not have a large amount of crime. The most common crimes are pick-pocketing, break-ins, burglary, and robberies. France is well known for theft, especially towards travelers.In recent years, France has had problems controlling hate crimes that are “racist, xenophobic, and Anti-Semetic” in nature. In 2007, there were 707 reported hate crimes committed.

In terms of common crimes in France (theft, burglary, drug crime and robbery), there were 10.8 robberies for every 100,000 people. Burglaries were more frequent with 622 for every 100,000 people. Also, car theft was reported to be 323 for every 100,000 people. There were 57 out of 100,000 people that committed drug crimes in France.

For more serious crimes, France had low rates for kidnapping, sexual assault (rape), and assault. There were four kidnapping for every 100,000 people. Additionally, there were l7.3 sexual assaults (per 100,000) and 180.1 assaults (per 100,000). Lastly, there were 1,051 homicides reported in France from 2003-2008.

Statistical Sources

The statistics are from the Eleventh United Nations Survey of Crime Trends and Operations of Criminal Justice Systems. The statistics are taken from two criminal justice surveys and complied by the United Nations.

It was noticed that France did not list statistics for corruption and several other types of crime. It may be possible that the country may be hiding some types of crime, by not reporting them. The homicide statistics came from the CIA World Factbook and the World Health Organization.

Public Opinion
Only about sixty-five percent of French people believe that their police is efficient. However, seventy-seven percent feel safe overall.

In the past year, citizens in France have been speaking out against President Nicolas Sarkozy's policy on crime prevention. Sarkozy has been reported to say that "the problems created by the behavior of certain travelers and Roma," whose nomadic lifestyle leaves them with 'no assimilation into [the] communities' they live near." In essence, these "travelers" are causing a lot of the crime problems in France. After this incident, the president was left with a twenty-five percent approval rating and negative commentary from several human rights organizations.

Marriage and Divorce
Much of the Family Law in France is outlined in the French Civil Code in Section V, which includes the code "Of Marriage." Specifically in Article 147, polygamy is outlawed and one can only marry one person at a time. In France, both men and women must be eighteen years old to marry, however females between age fifteen and eighteen can marry with parental consent. Marriages must be certificated by the town or area one lives in also require identifying documentation, such as a birth certificate and witnesses. Both parties in a marriage must consent. Same-sex marriage is not yet legal in France, but civil unions (pacte civile de solidarité) between same-sex partners is legal. Civil unions or pacts allow couples to have income tax and property benefits within France.

In order to procure a divorce in France according to the Civil Code (Section VI: "Of Divorce"), married couples can only obtain a divorce when both parties consent, when the couple has lived separately for six years, or by fault (i.e. adultery). A couple that wishes to divorce must petition a judge to procure legal divorce. Upon completion, the judge may call for certain actions of behalf of each party, for example, the delivery of belongings to the respective party or for the division of property. To be remarried after a divorce, a woman must wait 300 days, in order to watch for pregnancy. Also, compensatory benefits may be paid to the divorcee if the judge sees need. A divorcee may also receive payments, similar to alimony until they procure another marriage.

Children/Juveniles
In terms of children, the Civil Code also outlines when and for what the State is allowed to step in. A judge of the tribunal de grande instance is able to decide in cases where the welfare of the child is at stake, to remove the child from the parents and give custody to a third party. In cases of divorce, the state will intervene with custody battles, but it is assumed that both the mother and father will have personal relations with their children. By weighing the welfare of the child, a judge will give primary custody to one parent over another, but the other parent must have access to the child and notification of the child's movement. The parent without custody may also be asked to pay for the support of the child. The legitimacy of children is also very important in France, as to which the State will investigate complaints and paternity out of wedlock can be declared by law.

Adoption
For adoption, plenary adoption will be granted to married couples who have been married for two years or more and when both are twenty-eight years old or older. Adoption can be granted to single people who are over twenty-eight years of age. Adopters must be at least fifteen years older than the child they wish to adopt. Children under fifteen years of age are preferred for adoptions and the child must be a ward of the state. A judge of the tribunal de grande instance can verify adoptions under law. An adopted child will become part of his/her's adopters blood line and will cease to be recognized from their past blood line. Similarly, ordinary adoption can be granted regardless of a child's age and if the child is over thirteen, the child must consent to the adoption. Just as in plenary adoption, the adopted child receives the kinship of the adopter.

Inheritance
First of all, a person is barred from inheritance if they caused or assisted in the death of the person from who they are gaining inheritance or have in any way negatively affected the deceased. To inherit, there must be proof of heirship, which can be justified through birth certificate, marriage certificate, or various identifying documents which must be drafted into a proof of heirship by a notary. Legal heirs, who are eligible to receive inheritance are spouses or relatives of the deceased. Inheritance is given in rank order to spouses, children, mother and father, siblings, and other relatives of the deceased. Inheritance can be given to both maternal and paternal sides of the deceased. Also, the deceased could have also given property to people of their choice, with some restrictions. Once inheritance is given, the inheritance is taxed and the one receiving the inheritance is then legally responsible for all property given. Neither men nor women are said to be given priority in inheritance.

Citizenship

Both male and female citizens of France are privy to the same rights under law and discrimination is criminalized by law. In terms of citizenship, there are several ways to be considered a French citizen. First, you must be born to at least one parent who is a French citizen or was also born in France. If this is so, then the child may denounce their citizenship at the age of adulthood. A child may also be considered a French citizen if they are born in France to parents of unknown nationality or to parents that are stateless. However, if a child is born in France to alien parents, the child will not obtain French nationality, unless he/she resides in France upon adulthood for at least five years. A person may also acquire French citizenship through marriage to a French citizen. However, French citizenship may be revoked upon divorce. In some cases, citizenship can be given by the government if a foreign person has served and was injured in the French military. Also, through naturalization, a person may be given citizenship when they live in a territory that has French as an official language, can prove that they have assimilated to the French community, are attending a French university as an alien or several other cases which are outlined in the French Civil Code.

Constitutional Documents
Based on the Preamble of the French Constitution of 1946 and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen of 1789, fundamental rights of citizens and non-citizens are spelled out. According to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, people have a born equal and free with equal rights. Also, every person has a right to participate in government, have punishment that is fair, and be innocent until proven guilty. Through the Declaration, people are also guaranteed freedom of speech and conscience. Similarly, the French Constitution of 1946 guarantees equal rights for both men and women, the right to asylum in France, the right to employment, the right to unionize, the right to strike, the right to safe working conditions, the right to family and the State must provide means for family to develop, the right of children, mothers and the elderly to the protection of their health, maternity and rest. Also, everyone has the right to "suitable means of existence from society," the right to free education for all, the right for all under colonial French rule to have access to public office and representation.

Recent Reports on the State of Human Rights
According to the United States: State Department 2009 Human Rights Report, France ranked well in terms of political rights, arbitrary arrests, torture/cruel and unusual punishment, judicial procedures, freedom of speech and press, freedom of association, elections, protection of refugees, government transparency, and the conditions of work. However, France was reported to have significant human rights issues in the areas of violence against women, discrimination against racial and ethnic minorities, human trafficking, religious freedom, and police misconduct and prison conditions.

In terms, of violence against women, it has been reported that domestic violence rates against women have risen, even though there are laws against domestic violence. Prostitution is legal in France and sex tourism and trafficking of women and children for prostitution continues to be a problem. There has also been reports of state discrimination against the Roma in France. France has deported over 1,000 Roma people to Bulgaria and Romania since August 2010. The Roma are being profiled as criminals by the French government and discriminatory practices towards their migration to France have been extensive, also including government laws systematically evicting them from France. Also, in terms of religious freedom, France has enacted discriminatory laws which make it illegal for Muslims to wear full veils in public. There have also been attacks on both Jewish and Muslim people in France, specifically using negative slurs or vandalism towards their places of worship. French police have also been found using excessive force during arrests and have been criticized for lack of police monitoring. Lastly, french prisons were found to meet international standards, except in the area of overcrowding.

title: Comparative law and justice/France


text:
User:Thatschoolkid

Exploring Second Life for Foreign Language
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Quick Lesson Information

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 * bgcolor="#b4b4b4" style="border: 0px #cccccc solid;" |Grade Level: 9th Grade - High School
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 * bgcolor="#b4b4b4" style="border: 0px #cccccc solid;" |Subject:  Foreign Languages
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 * bgcolor="#b4b4b4" style="border: 0px #cccccc solid;" |Sub-Subject:  French, Spanish, German, Italian
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 * bgcolor="#b4b4b4" style="border: 0px #cccccc solid;" |Length/Duration:  45 min
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 * bgcolor="#b4b4b4" style="border: 0px #cccccc solid;" |Technologies Used:  Desktop or Laptop Computer (PC or Mac) connected to ther internet, Second Life Software, Second life Character
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Introduction
Through technology and the Internet we have a great opportunity to enhance learning through different mediums. Exploring Foreign Languages through Second Life will give students the opportunity to chat with other language learners, chat with native speakers, learn about a different culture and create teachable moments. Using Second Life as a tool can help students obtain a greater understanding on a language concept or cultural concept.

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Learning Through Second Life
Here is the website to get started:

https://secure-web36.secondlife.com/my/?lang=en-US

For the first time the students are logging in please make time for students to create an avatar through the Second Life website. This will probably take 10-15 min for a class of 20 students.

Also for the first time logging on you will need to install the software on to the computer that is going to be used. This time can be shortened if there is a school technician that can pre-install the software for you.

You can choose a location that is best suited for students that you have explored previously and that you think would benefit the students the most.

Have student explore the land and chat with other avatars. It might be best to include a sheet for things that students need to find as to encourage exploring the land.

After about 30 min of exploring have a set of question ready to ask the students. Here are some good examples of some questions:

 * What did you see in this land that is similar to what we have been talking about in class?

 * What is something that we have not talked about in class that you saw in the land that you explored?

Hopefully, this discussion about the land will foster some questions and curiosities about the language that you teaching, but also about the different culture.

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Promoting A Digital Learning Environment
Promoting a digital learning environment will give the students a different perspective on the curriculum that can help in a students understanding (Son, 2009). With this activity teachers have to opportunity to be deliberate in what they are teaching students. In Philosophy and Teaching by John Dewey he tells us to make students aware of what they are doing and their purpose of an activity (Dewey, 1916). Having the students participate in new activities can be refreshing for students as well as instructors. These new activities can create involved discourse that might lead to some teaching moments for the instructor that might not have otherwise happened. Some activates and discourse that happens in a classroom becomes routine and can become predictable for both the students and the instructor (Stigler & Hiebert, 1999).
 * A warning to teachers and students, using Second Life should be incorporated as part of a curriculum and not serve as a crutch for a curriculum. Second Life has the ability to get people hooked to their avatar and their digital land (Delwiche, 2006).

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Enhancing Learning Through Second Life
Enchasing Learning Through Second Life provides instructors a chance introduce something new to learners. Second Life for Foreign Language Learners can help increase language skills, help with grammar and spelling as well as increase students’ conversational skills. Learning though Second Life hopefully will help students as well as instructors further understand the notion that intentional learning can happen outside of a classroom and outside of traditional learning environments (Brown, 2008).

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title: User:Thatschoolkid


text:
User:MacAdk

MacAdk is a Moodle user and site administrator located in Kitchener, Ontario.

MacAdk's site is not ready for prime time, so no URL is available yet. The site specializes in industrial machinery safety training.

title: User:MacAdk


text:
User:CarolineBuzz

A Brief Introduction
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Hi! I'm Caroline and I'm here to help with the Typeography and Typefaces sections and Graphic Design elements of Wikiversity!

I am not formally trained, but am very passionate about graphic design, specifically typeface, and silkscreen printmaking.

I focus mainly on hand drawn designs focusing on lettering, typefaces, and calligraphy.

I'll try to post designs I've done, and try to get started lending a hand with the knowledge I have.

I'm glad to be here!

title: User:CarolineBuzz


text:
User:Zanknits

User:zanknits/Calculus1

title: User:Zanknits


text:
User:Chotima/in class quiz

1.How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007? Ans: office button > editing > select > choose selecting page

2.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30? Ans: right click at undo > customize quick access toolbar > advanced > change maximum number of undos to 30

3.How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page? Ans:go to office button > save as > other formats > save as typr > web page

4.How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007? Ans: go to insert > illustration > smartart > creat chape > right click on the box > format shape > change color

5. In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide? Ans: insert > text > slide number > click on slide number > apply to all

6.How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait? Ans: go to design > page set up > page set up > orientation slide > portrait

7.How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007? Ans: right click on the text box > size and postion or move the button dot at the edge of text box

8.How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007? Ans: go to insert > illustrations > sahpes > circle > drag on the slide

9.On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt? Ans: highlight on your word > format > wordart styles > choose style that you want 1

10.How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007? Ans: chose slide show> star slide show> from current slide.

11. How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007? Ans: View> show/hide> mark on gridlines.

12.What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type? Ans: the outline tab on the left hand side will help you type your presentation quickly.

13.How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007#What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007? Ans: view> presentation views> handout master

14.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at? Ans:office button> print> print rage> current slide> ok.

title: User:Chotima/in class quiz


text:
User:Patcharaporn/In class quiz

Each student answer the questions on his or her wikiversity User page:

1.How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007? - office button > editing > select > choose selecting page 2.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30? -right click at undo > customize quick access toolbar > advanced > change maximum number of undos to 30 3.How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page? - go to office button > save as > other formats > save as typr > web page 4.How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007? - go to insert > illustration > smartart > creat chape > right click on the box > format shape > change color 5.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide? - insert > text > slide number > click on slide number > apply to all 6.How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait? - go to design > page set up > page set up > orientation slide > portrait 7.How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007? - right click on the text box > size and postion or move the button dot at the edge of text box 8.How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007? - go to insert > illustrations > sahpes > circle > drag on the slide 9.On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt? - highlight on your word > format > wordart styles > choose style that you want 10.How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007? - slide show > start slide show > from current slide show 11.How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007? - view > show/hide > gridline 12.What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type? - the outline tab will help you to type your presentation quickly. 13.How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007#What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007? - view > presentation view > handout master 14.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at? - office button > print > print rage > current slide > ok

title: User:Patcharaporn/In class quiz


text:
User:Narukazeddd

In Class Active Quiz 12/02/2010 Each student answer the questions on his or her wikiversity User page:

-The Slides/Outline pane is located on the left of the PowerPoint 2007 screen, then u click to open it. -First go to Deasign and then go to page setup at the left up side corner of the powepoint then click on it and you can choose the size that you want. -
 * 1) How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30?
 * 1) How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page?
 * 1) How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 2) In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide?
 * 3) How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait?
 * 4) How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 5) How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 6) On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt?
 * 7) How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 8) How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 9) What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type?
 * 10) How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007#What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 11) In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at?

title: User:Narukazeddd


text:
User:MrNarn/Active Quiz in Class 12 February 2010

Each student answer the questions on his or her wikiversity User page:

1 How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007? - Click the Outlines or slides pane that is on the left of the screen to open it. 2 In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30? - Go to custonmize quick access toolbar > more commands > advanced > editing option then you can maximize the number of undoes. 3 How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page? - Go to save as --- Save as type --- Choose "Web Page" 4 How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007? - Make a smartart > go to the box list click on Format then choose shape style then select the colors you prefer. 5 In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide? - Go to design > select the page set up then you can add numbers to the slides. 6 How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait? - Go to design > page set up then you can change your slide in to portrait in the orientation box 7 How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007? - 8 How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007? - insert > illustration > Shape then select circle shape 9 On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt? - 10 How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007? - 11 How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007? - 12 What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type? - Slide Master 13 How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007 - go to view then select handout master. 14 What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007? - To increase and decrease the contrast of the picture. 15 In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at? - Go to Office Button > Print > Click the current slide box in the Print range box.


text:
User:Pakaymas/12 Feb 10

Each student answer the questions on his or her wikiversity User page:

1. How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007?

-Click Slides or Outline on the left side.

2. In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30?

- Choose customize access toolbar > more command > advanced > editing options > maximum number of undoes > 30

3. How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page?

- Office button > Save as > other formats > save as type > webpage

4. How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007?

-Insert > Smart Art > double click at your Smart Art > Smart art tools > design > change colors

5. In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide?

- Design > Page setup > Number slides from > 1

6. How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait?

- Design > page setup > orientation > slides > portrait.

7. How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007?

8. How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007?

- Insert > illustration > shape > choose a circle shape

9. On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt?

10. How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007?

11. How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007?

12. What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type?

Slide Master

13. How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007

-view > presentation views > handout master

14. What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007?

15. In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at?

- Office button > Print > Print > Print range > current slide

title: User:Pakaymas/12 Feb 10


text:
User:Pajaree/in class active quiz 12 Feb

Each student answer the questions on his or her wikiversity User page:

Ans:on the ribbon> home> drawing> position objects > selection pane--Pajaree 06:56, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans: on the office button> Powerpoint options> advanced> editting options> 'maximum nuber of undoes'> change to 30--Pajaree 06:56, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans: On the office button> Save as> Save as type> 'web page'> OK--Pajaree 06:56, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans: on the ribbon> design> smartart style> Change colors--Pajaree 06:56, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans:On the ribbon> Insert> Text> Silde Number> Include all slides> Apply to all--Pajaree 06:56, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans: on the ribbon> Desing> Page set up> Page set up> Orientation> Slides> Select portrait> OK--Pajaree 06:33, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans: Ans: On the ribbon> Insert> Illustrations> Shapes> Pick a circle shape> drag on the templets--Pajaree 06:33, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans: Cover the text you want> on the ribbon> Format> WordArt style> Appiled to selected text--Pajaree 06:33, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans:on the ribbon> slide show> start slide show> from curren slide--Pajaree 06:56, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans: On the ribbon> View> Show/hide> Check on 'Gridliness'--Pajaree 06:56, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans: Outline--Pajaree 06:56, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans: on the ribbon> View> Presentation View> Handout Master--Pajaree 06:33, 12 February 2010 (UTC) Ans: Ans: The office button> Print> Print range> Select'Current slide'> OK--Pajaree 06:33, 12 February 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30?
 * 1) How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page?
 * 1) How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide?
 * 1) How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait?
 * 1) How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt?
 * 1) How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type?
 * 1) How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007
 * 1) What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at?


text:
In Class Active Quiz 12/02/2010

Each student answer the questions on his or her wikiversity User page:

1# How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007? -The Slides/Outline pane is located on the left of the PowerPoint 2007 screen, then u click to open it. 2# In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30? -Go to custumize quick access toolbar > more cammand > advanced > editing option then you can mazimize the number of undoes. 3# How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page? - Go to save > save as > choose webpage 4# How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007? 5# In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide? -To add a slide number or date to every slide, on the View menu, click Header and ... You can change the position of these placeholders on the slide master. 6# How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait? -First go to Deasign and then go to page setup at the left up side corner of the powepoint then click on it and change it from -landscape to portrait. 7# How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007? 8# How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007? -Go to Insert > Shape > then pick a circle picture. 9# On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt? 10# How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007? 11# How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007? 12# What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type? 13# How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007 14#What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007? - To decrease and in crease the contrast/light/Brightness in the powerpoint. 15# In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at? -Go to Office Button >> Print >> Click the current slide box in the print range box.

title: In Class Active Quiz 12/02/2010


text:
User:Pongsatorn19

Each student answer the questions on his or her wikiversity User page:

1)How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007?

2)In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30?        Right click on the undo icon, go to consumize the quick access toolbar, go to advanced, go to maximum number of undo and change it to 30. 3)How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page? Go to window icon on the top left of powerpoint, click it and choose save as, go to "save as type" and find "web site". 4)How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007? Right click on the SmartArt object, click on format shape, Fill then click on color icon and choose the color 5)In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide? Go to insert, on text click slide number, on the slide "ick"slide number. 6)How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait? Go to design, on page setup click slide orientation and choose portrail. 7)How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007? Go to insert, on text click WordArt,Choose type of text you like, click on it, after that drag and drop the text box into the shape. 8)How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007? Go to insert, on illustration click shapes and pick the circle shape. 9)On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt?

10)How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007? Go to slide show, On the Start slide show click on "from current slide" or shift+F5. 11)How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007?

12)What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type? Click on outline and type! 13)How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007#What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007? 14)In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at? Go to window icon on powerpoint and select print, go to print range and click on slides.

title: User:Pongsatorn19


text:
User:Aunchal/In class quiz

Each student answer the questions on his or her wikiversity User page:

1.How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007? -office button > editing > select> choose selecting page

2.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30? -right click at undo > customize access toolbar > advance > change at maximum number of undos

3.How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page? - go to office button > save as > other formats > save as typr > web page

4.How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007? - click on your smart art > smart tool > design > smartart styly > change color

5.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide? -insert > text > slide number

6.How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait? - design > page set up > page setup > slide > potrait

7.How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007? -click on the text box > drage buttons at the corner of the box to shrink your box

8.How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007? -Insert > Illustration: shape > choose circle shap > drang on slide to draw your circle

9.On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt? -highlight on your word > format > wordArt styly > choose style that you want

10.How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007? -slide show > start slide show > from current slide

11.How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007? -view > show and hide > choose gridlines 12.What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type? -at outline tab

13.How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007#What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007? -view > color and gray scale > pure black and white

14. In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at? -click on office button > print > print range > click on current slide > ok

title: User:Aunchal/In class quiz


text:
User:Screamokiwii

1.How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007?

Ans   click on text box  > format  > arrange  >  selection pane

2.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30?

Ans   click on the text box  >  Home  >  Font  >  select 30

3.How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page?

Ans

4.How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007?

Ans   click on SmartArt object  >  Design  >  SmartArt Styles  >  Change colors

5.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide?

Ans   click on Insert  >  Text  >  Slide Number  >  tick on slide number  > apply to all

6.How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait?

Ans   go to Design  >  page setup  >  click on slide orientation  > portrait

7.How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007?

Ans   grab the edge of the text box

8.How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007?

Ans   click on Insert  >  Illustrations  >  Shapes  >  choose the circle one

9.On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt?

Ans   click the textbox on your slide  >  Format  >  Wordart Styles

10.How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007?

Ans   F5

11.How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007?

Ans   click on view  >  Show/Hide  >  Gridlines

12.What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type?

Ans

13.How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007#What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007?

Ans   click on view > presentation views > select Handout Master. To adjust the tone of colors for picture

14.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at?

Ans   ctrl+P > print range > select current slide then press ok

title: User:Screamokiwii


text:
User:Pachara

Each student answer the questions on his or her wikiversity User page:

- go to 'Home', then go to 'Editng' tab, then click on 'Select', and choose 'selection pane'. - click on the ribbon, then click 'customize quick access toolbar' and select 'more commands', click 'Advanced'/Editing options, and then make numbers to be 30 in the maximum numbers of undos. - go to 'save as, then save as type 'webpage'. - Make a smartart, then click on the box list, then click on Format, go to shape style, and then choose the color of the box whatever you want. Pachara 5080342 - Go to 'Insert', and click on 'Header and Footer', then click on 'Notes and Handouts', then tick in the of 'Page number' box, and apply to all. - Go to 'Design', and click on 'Page Setup', then go to 'slide orientation' and tick in the 'portrait' box. - by going to 'insert' and click 'shape', then choose 'cirle shape'. - Go to 'View' and tick in the 'Gridlines' box. - click on 'outline tab' - by going to 'View' and you will 'Handout Master' below. - by go to 'office button', then click 'print', go to print range, and click 'current slide, and click 'OK'.
 * 1) How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30?
 * 1) How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page?
 * 1) How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide?
 * 1) How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait?
 * 1) How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 2) How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt?
 * 2) How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 3) How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 1) What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type?
 * 1) How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007
 * 1) What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007?
 * 2) In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at?

title: User:Pachara


text:
User:Amica~enwikiversity

1.How do you open the Select Pane in PowerPoint 2007?

drawing tools>>format>>arrange>>selecting pane

2.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you change the maximum number of Undoes to 30?

3.How do you save a PowerPoint 2007 file as a web page?

4.How do you change the color of a SmartArt object in PowerPoint 2007?

click on smartart object>>smartart tools>>design>>SmartArt style>>change colours

5.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you include slide numbers on every slide?

insert>>text>>slide number>>tick slide number

6.How do you change the slide orientation of a PowerPoint 2007 presentation to portrait?

view>>presentation views>>slide master>>page setup>>slide orientation>>portrait

7.How do you modify a textbox so that its text shrinks to fill the space in the shape in PowerPoint 2007?

grab the edge ear of the text box

8.How do you add a circle shape to a slide in PowerPoint 2007?

insert>>Illustration>>shapes-basic shape-oval

9.On the Ribbon in PowerPoint 2007, how do you change text in the textbox to WordArt?

hilight text in the textbox>>smartart tools>>format>>wordart style

10.How do you open a current presentation in PowerPoint 2007?

slideshow>>start slideshow >>from current slide

11.How do you turn on the grids in PowerPoint 2007?

view>>show/hide>>gridlines

12.What will allow you to quickly make a PowerPoint presentation as quickly as you can type?

13.How do you go to Handout Master in PowerPoint 2007

view>>presentation view>>handout master

14.What does the Contrast function do in PowerPoint 2007?

to adjust colour of the picture

15.In PowerPoint 2007, how do you print out the slide you are currently looking at?

Ctrl+p>>print range>>current slide

title: User:Amica~enwikiversity