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Talk:Intellectual Property/Proposed policy and procedures for Australian research and education

UC's IP Policy review changes hands
UC's IP Policy Review changed hands mid 2011. It has gone from DVCE John Howard's Office of Engagement, to DVCR Francis Shannon's Research Office. We have offered Francis a briefing of thsi submission, and our work to date, but have been advised that a process for the Review will be announced, and that we may make our submission to that. A background paper from Francis' office has been distributed to UC Major Theme working groups for feedback. That background paper did not mention our submission, advises that the consultant Kevin Croft will be drafting an IP Policy, and that the IP Policy at ANU is being considered as a model. We will update this thread if and when the formal review process is announced, or when new developments emerge.

AusGOAL
AusGOAL provides support to government and other sectors to enable open access to publicly funded information... http://www.ausgoal.gov.au/

Leighblackall 00:16, 13 July 2011 (UTC) Via James Neil

 * Baden Appleyard - Director of AusGOAL, met with Leigh Blackall and Rick Hayes at LaTrobe University on Friday 2 May 2014. Baden was asked to review this proposal, advise on its improvement, and discuss how we might implement the policy at a Departmental level within a University - upwardly managing to support Baden's work across the sector nationally.

 * Baden was very impressed with this proposal, and will be showing it to Universities Australia as an example of what active staff are capable of.

 * Rick asked Leigh to produce a "/cheat sheet/" designed to assist people to use and contribute to The Commons, and to understand this proposed policy. Baden offered to assist Leigh with that sheet.

 * Rick and Leigh committed to trying to influence others at LaTrobe University so as to become aware and receptive to AusGOAL services and perspective. Through the ongoing development of Community Health Rick and Leigh will engage the Library and local IP officer and arrange for another visit by Baden.

 * Leighblackall (discuss • contribs) 10:15, 9 May 2014 (UTC)

Article for NTEU UC Union News
We've been invited by NTEU UC Union News to write an article about this submission to the IP Policy Review. Here's a draft for comment and edit:

 * It pains me to be involved in conversations about intellectual property, being someone who sees these two words as cancelling each another out, but it might be possible to split the power of this concept, to not only satisfy today's money motivations, but to also rebuild credibility in the eyes of public good and academic integrity.

 * The University of Canberra has had a review of its intellectual property policy open for some time now, and a number of staff have been collaborating around a submission that appears to gaining a sympathetic hearing.

 * Their submission can be summarised with the following 3 points:

 * 1. All staff, students and partners retain 100% ownership of their intellectual property.
 * 2. All work published on content management systems associated with the University, will acquire a default copyright license of Creative Commons Attribution, with an option and service available to restrict copyrights down from that.
 * 3. Ngunnawal are autonomous in their decisions relating to this policy, and all work identifying as being by or derived from Indigenous Australians will be restricted unless otherwise shown to have been negotiated with the appropriate custodians to the work.

 * The two primary authors of this submission were asked by the University's Office of Engagement, to present their ideas at the annual conference of Knowledge Commercialisation Australasia which is a consortium of universities and research institutes primarily concerned with the management of intellectual property, and its transfer to commercial interests. James and Leigh had 15 minutes to make their lonely argument to this large and established group. Surviving this test seems to have paid off well for the submission. You can access a recording of their talk, along with links and resources at tinyurl.com/openkca .

 * Most education and research institutions in Australia stake a claim to ownership on all intellectual work done by people "in their employ". They then restrict copyright on all expressions of that work, and attempt to identify, manage and commercialise the small percentage of potential in their haul. But what happens to the much larger quantity of knowledge and information that will never see the light at the end of this commercial tunnel?

 * Good question. Much of it finds its way into the hands of publishers of academic journals. Australian academics are compelled to submit their research findings, but into journals that, after getting academic peers to review and edit the submissions, sell the content back to the institutions and libraries (Those who can afford it). Adding insult to injury, the journal publishers also take royalties for the usage of the content through the services of Copyright Agency Limited. Talk about a good deal for the publishers! Jo Public pays for the research and the review, then pays again for the right to read about it and make a photocopy! You might recognise this as a classic private profit from public investment, yes? It pains me to talk about "intellectual property".

 * But sometimes a research institute strikes gold in its haul, and returns all the money that the public invested in it right? Another good question. Some of the guest speakers at the KCA 2010 annual conference were hinting otherwise. Scott Hamilton's talk about Columbia University's success (read luck) in commercialising IP, paints a crushing picture for Australian universities dreaming of hitting the big time. Columbia manages to commercialise just 1% of their massive research investment, and only after managing and protecting it for many years. Their biggest returner is a patent over a specific and commonly used video codec, and the return on that took 4-10 years to realise, and with such technology in rapid development, couldn't have known it would be a winner at the time. This big US research university won a bet, on very poor odds.

 * James and Leigh believe their proposal is more realistic. It recognises the impracticability of claiming institutional ownership, and the very poor odds and returns on commercialisation, but it doesn't exclude the possibility. It simply inverts the current practice, so that the 99% of work the University does that was not intended for private gains, can exist as public good. The 1% of the work that "intellectual property" was invented for, can opt out of this default and enter into restrictive arrangements. The opt-out process helps the university target its support to areas that have a need for protection or maybe a chance at the commercialisation game.

 * Here's what was published in the NTEU Advocate, March 2015, Page 36 Leighblackall (discuss • contribs) 01:21, 19 April 2017 (UTC)

Meeting with UC Governance
John Howard invited Leigh Blackall to meet and present this proposed policy to Carole Kayrooz, Frances Shannon, on 18 May. Also present was Lewis Jones (In John's office), and Alan Arnold and Robert Fitzgerald (supporting Carole). Frances could only stay the first 15 minutes of the meeting, so Leigh attempted to convey the key ideas of this proposal within the first 5 minutes, to allow Frances time to respond and enter discussion.

Frances' initial response came in 3 points:
 * 1) What constitute's "UC as a platform" defaulting to CC By?
 * 2) How will the proposed policy work with other institutions?
 * 3) How will the proposed policy affect research publication interests?

The answer to the first question is in the digital repositories, learning management systems and other online publishing avenues managed by the University. These presently constitute the University as "a platform". CC By would be added to these platforms, coded to mark all work with that copyright by default. An opt out option would also be set up, sending an alert to a IP management team. The final two concerns can be addressed by the opt out and IP management process. All three speak to the necessity of establishing a small team of IP managers in the University, to manage opt out nominations and direct them to negotiations, timed release, commercialisation, or long term restrictions. We envisage this team being attached to the Library. Frances seemed agreeable in principle to the proposal, and then left to another meeting.

Carole was also agreeable in principle, and keen to pilot the concept, if not adopt the proposal as policy. Leigh pressed the need for a team ready to support people opting out of the default, especially as we should expect most will opt out at first, putting high demand on that team for offering advice and support services.

The Governors agreed to draft a submission to the Senior Management Group, but a deadline was not suggested.

--Leighblackall 06:29, 1 June 2011 (UTC)

Knowledge Commercialisation Australasia responses
James and Leigh (primary authors of this proposal) were invited by the University of Canberra's Office of Development and Engagement, to present at the KCA Annual Conference in Canberra, 11 November 2010.
 * Notes and recordings from the presentation

Throughout the 2 day conference, the key points of this presentation were discussed with many participants at the conference, all being IP Officers at Australian Universities, some being IP lawyers at Australian Universities. All initially responded with skepticism to the proposal, but discussion lead to the realisation of one critical benefit of this proposed policy:

 * By setting the over all standard copyright at the university to Creative Commons Attribution, staff, students and 3rd parties who are working on projects of commercial or other sensitivity, are compelled to opt out, thereby notifying the IP Officer and helping that office better target its services to projects most in need of close management. In other universities, the standard practice has been to claim university ownership over all work, and to restrict all work, believing it to be the best way to manage risks and capture commercialisable IP and investment opportunities. This approach compels no signal to the IP Office however, leaving them to use other, more fallible means to target and initiate their services, inefficiently spread across the vast majority of work in a university that will never need commercialisation or other IP management services.

Other critics mentioned that this proposal concerns itself primarily with copyright over patents. This may need addressing, because it is our belief that patents are addressed here as an end point, and all work leading to a patent, often involving many years of work, documentation and communications, are governed by copyright. The risk averse university will try to limit expressions of work deemed patentable, sometimes years after a project has begun, only to discover a tangle of due diligence not followed. Their restrictions often retard scientific progress by imposing non disclosure or other confidentiality agreements, and copyrights and other restrictions that are unacceptable or problematic for the scientists and their collaborators. This policy proposal does not discourage such management of IP however, rather it makes such restrictions and protections the responsibility of the people who own the IP and who first recognise the need. All work created in the lead up to such a decision point, if Creative Commons Attribution is assumed, does not compromise or limit work continuing in a restricted arrangement. Arguably it assists with IP discipline and due diligence, and possibly assists in the development of a prior art evidence base, should such a defense ever be needed.

Leighblackall 09:05, 22 December 2010 (UTC)

UC Library response
Thank you for the opportunity to respond to your proposed policy on intellectual property. As librarians we are very aware of the balance between protecting the interests and moral rights of the creators of knowledge and the societal benefit of access to knowledge in support of learning, research and creativity. This process of dialogue and consultation about IP is very timely and the support of the VC and DVC(E) indicates to me there will be serious consideration given to improving the current policy. You quite rightly include two aspects which the University's current IP policy does not address due to the timeframe since the last policy review -  a position on open access to scholarly works, and guidance for authors /creators to grant permission or restrictions on the use of their work, using the Creative Commons  licensing framework. Before I comment on the proposed guiding principles, I need to clarify my working definitions of intellectual property and copyright – broadly, if intellectual property is about ownership of the “idea”, copyright is about protecting the “expression of the idea”. I can certainly support the intent expressed in your draft that the Library has a role to play in providing systems, processes and support for the University community to use intellectual property in compliance with the rights of the owners/authors/creators. This is regardless of the policy position about the ownership of the IP and I believe it’s outside the role (and expertise) of the Library to endorse any particular position about the ownership of IP, other than moral rights. That said, I’d like to offer some feedback about specific parts of the proposal. In the section on moral rights, I suggest including a reference to the Copyright Amendment (Moral Rights) Act 2000 which came into force on 21 December 2000 and provides for three moral rights:
 * Attribution of authorship: an author's right to be identified as the author or creator of a work;
 * Integrity of authorship: the right of an author or creator to object to derogatory treatment of their work; and
 * The right of an author or creator not to have authorship of a work falsely attributed.

In relation to the framing of the policy proposal, you might consider separating the treatment of IP from matters of copyright. Compliance with copyright is more procedural in nature as it is governed by statutory legislation and licensing models (even the Creative Commons model is a set of procedures for complying with specific principles). I think the ANU IP policy demonstrates this separation of policy and procedure quite well – for example, clear statements of principles about open access and the ability of the author/creator to grant a licence for the use of their knowledge – enough guidance about how authors/creators can protect their moral rights to IP during their association with the University but not all the detail about how to do it (via copyright, rights assignment and licensing, etc). If you have any queries about my response, I’d be happy to talk it over with you. Regards, Anita 15 October 2010

NTEU Response
The policy is a fascinating text – it looks like it may be a bit of a benchmark if it goes through.

Our proposed changes are attached. You’ll notice they focus on:
 * more explicit acknowledgement of moral rights,
 * recognition of the legislative context,
 * suggestion about a more robust dispute process, and
 * more detail around the exceptions to UC ownership.

It’s excellent work and I wish you the best. If you can get a policy in the form of language you have presented to us you will have a very good document for staff. I very much liked the new final section which focuses upon staff education. Many regards, Jen Kwok, NTEU. 27 September 2010

UC VC and DVC in-principle support
Several meetings with the UC Office for Development, the VC, and the DVC Education have indicated strong in-principle support for the notion of openness at UC. We are working with both the Office for Development and the DVC Education to develop and progress this proposal Leighblackall 03:15, 12 October 2010 (UTC)

Copyright Agency Limited (CAL)
CAL collects royalties from Universities for their use of copyrighted material. Even, apparently, for IP created by a Universities' own staff where they haven't designated a license. Therefore
 * 1) All IP created within a university should be given a specific license (currently this is often not the case and currently the default is all rights reserved)
 * 2) The IP policy should automatically give the university rights to use staff created IP (this is the case in the current and our proposed policy)
 * 3) IP rights should be the staff members to which a default open license is applied (this is not in the current policy but is in our proposed policy). -- Jtneill - Talk - c 21:35, 27 May 2010 (UTC)

ANU IP Policy recognises Creative Commons copyright
Interesting to note that ANU revised their IP policy as of July 2010 to include open access:

Section 6. Terms of Publication: Open Access

6.1 The object of this Section is to promote the availability of Scholarly Works Created within the University free or at a low cost to Members and the public in accordance with Open Access Principles, without causing unreasonable detriment to the creating Member.

6.2 A Member who Creates a Scholarly Work must, when it is accepted by a publisher for publication or otherwise the Member deems the work ready for publication, provide a copy of the Scholarly Work to the University.

6.3 Subject to Sub-section 6.4, copies of Scholarly Works received by the University under this Section may be made published by the University to Members or the public.

6.4 If the Member reasonably believes that the exercise by the University of rights under Sub-section 6.3 may:

(a) impede the Member's ability to disseminate the Scholarly Work by publication through a third party or otherwise;

(b) result in unreasonable financial loss to the Member; or

(c) impede collaboration with co-authors outside the University,

the Member may, when providing the work to the University, indicate that the work may not be published by the University or it may not be published by the University for a specified time.

http://policies.anu.edu.au/policies/intellectual_property/policy

 * This is a strong policy, acknowledging open access as an option, but in my opinion it doesn't go far enough in promoting and supporting it and other open academic practices. Procedures that promote and support openness are needed because too much is in place that demotes and work against it - such as very few journals in the ERA ranked lists being open academic journals, which impacts on motivations to publish and collaborate in research openly.

 * Section 6 has a list of reasons for opting out of open access publishing that might be useful in the development of the "opt-out" procedure in this proposal for UC:

 * 6.4 If the Member reasonably believes that the exercise by the University of rights under Sub-section 6.3 may:
 * (a) impede the Member's ability to disseminate the Scholarly Work by publication through a third party or otherwise;
 * (b) result in unreasonable financial loss to the Member; or
 * (c) impede collaboration with co-authors outside the University,

 * --Leighblackall 23:49, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

ANU Code of Practice Goes Open Access
Here's another ANU Policy, perhaps better than the IP Policy cited above:

Policy: Code of Practice for Scholarly Publication and Dissemination at ANU: http://policies.anu.edu.au/policies/code_of_practice_for_scholarly_publication_and_dissemination_at_anu/policy

Here's the preface:

 * "The Australian National University considers the dissemination of research findings to be an important part of the research process, passing on the benefits to other researchers, professional practitioners and the wider community.
 * The University has an obligation to share research outcomes with the global community, many members of which do not enjoy the same level of investment in research experienced in Australia. The ability to participate and share in scientific and cultural advancement is a declared human right.
 * Traditional publication channels do not necessarily place scholarly works into the public domain promptly and at low cost to the user. The University supports prompt open dissemination where possible to avoid these barriers.
 * The University endorses open access principles. While there are many definitions of open access, this position statement defines open access dissemination to be:
 * "The full text results of scholarly research are made promptly, freely and permanently available to anyone with access to the internet."
 * The University recognises that researchers are best placed to choose the publication and dissemination option for their work. It urges members of the scholarly community to subsequently make their work available in an open access format.
 * The University has established a repository within ANU Research for the deposit of research output, and encourages researchers to submit their work. However, it recognises the appropriate means to achieve open access dissemination may vary according to the discipline, and supports the continued use of disciplinary repositories and the submission of work to open access journals if appropriate.
 * This Position Statement supports and complements existing ANU policies, such as the Policy: Responsible Practice of Research and the Policy: Intellectual Property."

Australian Government now free and open access
Aust Gov now default CC:BY licensing for Public Sector Info

http://agimo.govspace.gov.au/2010/10/07/government-2-0-update-%E2%80%93-amended-ip-principles-released/

UC-IP Miniconference
To inform the development of this proposal, UCNISS hosted UC-IP, a miniconference on IP at the University of Canberra.

Comments by James Neill
I've copyedited and work through this draft. Two minor points, Leigh, for your consideration: -- Jtneill - Talk - c 02:16, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
 * 1) UC ownership - Can this statement be clarified (I don't really understand it) and "IPR" explained (or is it "IP"?): "The University will reassign ownership and IPR back to UC staff, students and partners where it may be determined at common law that the university has an interest. If not it will negotiate over the terms of the reassignment."
 * 2) 'Indigenous ownership - Can we refer to "local Indigenous representatives" rather than Ngunnawal, given the identity of original Indigenous custodianship is contestable for the ACT area.

 * Thanks Jtneill. I had a crack at making UC Ownership better. See what you think. As for Indigenous Ownership, this might be an issue that executive need to decide on, or someone more knowledgeable to propose.. --Leighblackall 03:03, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
 * UC ownership reads really well now. Yes, let's get further indigenous advice, but my suggestion is really in the meantime to be as generic and inclusive as possible in the terminology. Some more info (not sure how accurate): Ngunnawal people. -- Jtneill - Talk - c 04:31, 17 May 2011 (UTC)
 * Good point. I've replaced references to Ngunnawal where it can and should be generic, but retained the section referring to the Ngunnawal Centre as UC's reference group on indigenous affairs. --Leighblackall 06:27, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

Declarations
So far, I think their are two declarations UC should sign to:

 * 1) Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities (2003)
 * 2) Cape Town Open Education Declaration

--Leighblackall 23:43, 17 May 2011 (UTC)

Copyright laws in the Czech Republic
It looks you are having different copyright laws in Australia. Here in the Czech Republic eployer (in this case a university) is an administrator of employes work rights. And also students rights, but here also students may use their works.--Juan de Vojníkov 14:53, 21 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Here it is partialy explained: Wikimedia Czech Republic/Projekt Vědecká a odborná fotografie/Postup žádání o uvolnění fotografií pod svobodnou licenci.--Juan de Vojníkov 14:55, 21 July 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks Juan, the Google Translated version gave me some level of access. I see that though, that an employer owns the IP of its employee, which is common practice here also, and something we are proposing a change on. While it may appear clear when someone is an employee or not, in universities people are very transitory, moving from one employer to another, or at the same time, naturally spreading past and present IP across them all. Also, if an employee develops a conflict of interest, employer ownership can create problems such as the employee making a distinction between work at home and work on the job. The list of problems goes on, but a final example is the argument that an employer, in the case of a university, typically does a poor job at handling IP precisely because the people handling it have little sense in ownership beyond their job descriptions. It might be shown that a properly informed employee who owns their IP, and who has access to IP services within the University, may do a better job in managing it, and may even develop better loyalties to the university when they realise the need for their services... Leighblackall 00:36, 26 September 2011 (UTC)

National Health and Medical Research Council mandate open access
NHMRC are going to mandate open access publishing for research that is funded by them, beginning July 2012: http://theconversation.edu.au/all-research-funded-by-nhmrc-to-be-accessible-free-of-charge-5486

La Trobe University to consider this proposal
La Trobe University recently held an open conference, looking at open education. In the final session of the day, recommendations are being drafted for La Trobe Uni executives to consider. It was suggested that one of those recommendations be the adoption of this IP Policy. Leighblackall (discuss • contribs) 10:26, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

A comparison of Australian University IP Policies
Following a symposium about Wikimedia in Higher Education at the University of Sydney, where the frustrations in this submission were discussed, John Vandenberg asked Leigh Blackall and Rowanne Couch via Twitter, if they knew of a comparison of Australian University IP Policies. Rowanne pointed to the Council of Australian University Librarians, Copyright Tools - specifically their comparison chart in PDF. This very handy document makes clear that several Australian Universities share at least one key element of this submission - that staff and students retain ownership of their IP. These include, The University of New South Wales, University of Technology Sydney, La Trobe University, University of Western Australia, University of Wollongong, James Cook University, and to some degree Australian National University. Unfortunately a distinction is made between teaching materials and research outputs, and many of these reverse their position when it comes to research outputs. Leighblackall (discuss • contribs) 00:25, 12 April 2013 (UTC)

Forking this policy proposal
Given that the University of Canberra has ignored this submission, I propose we fork this work (or move the page) and make it a generic proposal for progressive IP policy aimed at Australian institutions of education and/or research. One that can be easily lifted and used by any institution, organisation or business wanting to adopt its principles. Leighblackall (discuss • contribs) 00:30, 12 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Agreed - let's fork, strip out UC-specific stuff / generalise -- Jtneill - Talk - c 00:52, 12 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Ok, I'll move the page to a new title.. suggested title? How about just plain 'Intellectual Property - proposed policy and procedures for Australian research and education'? Leighblackall (discuss • contribs) 01:06, 12 April 2013 (UTC)
 * Done Leighblackall (discuss • contribs) 02:23, 12 April 2013 (UTC)


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Planet Lab New Zealand

PlanetLab NZ

Welcome to PlanetLab NZ. This project is funded by REANNZ, and carried out by the Network Research Group and the Simulation Research Group. Its main goal is to enable network research groups from New Zealand universities to access PlanetLab. PlanetLab is the global experimental networking facility, designed for conducting cutting-edge research on current and future network technologies, such as Next Generation Networks (NGNs), Next Generation Internet (NGI), Future Internet, etc. Access to PlanetLab totally depends on KAREN (Kiwi Advanced Research & Education Network: high-speed, low-latency, zero-cost/byte networking). By June 2009 PlanetLab NZ consisted of six nodes at three sites: the University of Canterbury, the University of Otago, and the University of Auckland. At the conclusion of the current stage of the project, which is planned for the end of June 2010, an additional six nodes will have been installed at three additional sites: the Auckland University of Technology, the University of Waikato, and Victoria University.

The second PlanetLab Workshop featured in the Chronicle, vol. 44, no. 20, Mar. 2009, page 14.

A Call for Research Assistants in the Area of Networking.

Two PhD Scholarships for Attending Research Conferences on new Networking Technologies

Contents Current Participants

Main PlanetLab site http://www.planetlabnz.canterbury.ac.nz/
 * 1st PlanetLab NZ Workshop, December 2008
 * 2nd PlanetLab NZ Workshop, November 2009
 * Installation Notes
 * PlanetLab NZ Poster (1.7M PDF)
 * Activity Log
 * Minutes of the Meetings of the PlanetLab Canterbury Group
 * Progress Reports
 * Research Projects, Publications, and Conference Reports
 * PlanetLab Research Group Notices
 * Useful Links

title: Planet Lab New Zealand


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User talk:Rtyson

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Proposal for this page, that speaks to the Wikiversity
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title: Wikiversity talk:Wikiversity Studies


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Talk:UC-IP

Letter of advice or support
If you would like to leave us a letter of advice or support, please click "edit this page" at the top, and follow the formatting of this message.

Regards

Leigh Blackall

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IP

IP may refer to:
 * Intellectual property
 * Internet protocol (IPv4)
 * Internet protocol (IPv6)
 * command in Iproute2 (package)

title: IP


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User:B9 hummingbird hovering/Blog/Learning Sanskrit Weblog/śvetāśvataropaniṣat

OM sahanāvavatu | saha nau bhunaktu | saha vīryaṁ karavāvahai | tejasvi nāvadhītamastu | mā vidviṣāvahai || OM śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ||
 * śvetāśvataropaniṣat ||

prathamo'dhyāyaḥ |

hariḥ OM || brahmavādino vadanti |

kiṁ kāraṇaṁ brahma kutaḥ sma jātā jīvāma kena kva ca saṁpratiṣṭhā | adhiṣṭhitāḥ kena sukhetareṣu vartāmahe brahmavido vyavasthām || 1 ||

kālaḥ svabhāvo niyatiryadṛcchā bhūtāni yoniḥ puruṣa iti cintyā | saṁyoga eṣāṁ na tvātmabhāvā- dātmāpyanīśaḥ sukhaduḥkhahetoḥ || 2 ||

te dhyānayogānugatā apaśyan devātmaśaktiṁ svaguṇairnigūḍhām | yaḥ kāraṇāni nikhilāni tāni kālātmayuktānyadhitiṣṭhatyekaḥ || 3 ||

tamekanemiṁ trivṛtaṁ ṣoḍaśāntaṁ śatārdhāraṁ viṁśatipratyarābhiḥ | aṣṭakaiḥ ṣaḍbhirviśvarūpaikapāśaṁ trimārgabhedaṁ dvinimittaikamoham || 4 ||

pañcasrotombuṁ pañcayonyugravakrāṁ pañcaprāṇormiṁ pañcabuddhyādimūlām | pañcāvartāṁ pañcaduḥkhaughavegāṁ pañcāśadbhedāṁ pañcaparvāmadhīmaḥ || 5 ||

sarvājīve sarvasaṁsthe bṛhante asmin haṁso bhrāmyate brahmacakre | pṛthagātmānaṁ preritāraṁ ca matvā juṣṭastatastenāmṛtatvameti || 6 ||

udgītametatparamaṁ tu brahma tasmiṁstrayaṁ supratiṣṭhā'kṣaraṁ ca | atrāntaraṁ brahmavido viditvā līnā brahmaṇi tatparā yonimuktāḥ || 7 ||

saṁyuktametat kṣaramakṣaraṁ ca vyaktāvyaktaṁ bharate viśvamīśaḥ | anīśaścātmā badhyate bhoktṛ- bhāvāj jñātvā devaṁ mucyate sarvapāśaiḥ || 8 ||

jñājñau dvāvajāvīśanīśāvajā hyekā bhoktṛbhogyārthayuktā | anantaścātmā viśvarūpo hyakartā trayaṁ yadā vindate brahmametat || 9 ||

kṣaraṁ pradhānamamṛtākṣaraṁ haraḥ kṣarātmānāvīśate deva ekaḥ | tasyābhidhyānādyojanāttattva- bhāvāt bhūyaścānte viśvamāyānivṛttiḥ || 10 ||

jñātvā devaṁ sarvapāśāpahāniḥ kṣīṇaiḥ valeśerjanmamṛtyuprahāṇiḥ | tasyābhidhyānāttṛtīyaṁ dehabhede viśvaiśvaryaṁ kevala āptakāmaḥ || 11 ||

etajjñeyaṁ nityamevātmasaṁsthaṁ nātaḥ paraṁ veditavyaṁ hi kiñcit | bhoktā bhogyaṁ preritāraṁ ca matvā sarvaṁ proktaṁ trividhaṁ brahmametat || 12 ||

vahneryathā yonigatasya mūrtinar dṛśyate naiva ca liṅganāśaḥ | sa bhūya evendhanayonigṛhya- stadvobhayaṁ vai praṇavena dehe || 13 ||

svadehamaraṇiṁ kṛtvā praṇavaṁ cottarāraṇim | dhyānanirmathanābhyāsādevaṁ paśyannigūḍhavat || 14 ||

tileṣu tailaṁ dadhinīva sarpi- rāpaḥ srotaḥsvaraṇīṣu cāgniḥ | evamātmā'tmani gṛhyate'sau satyenainaṁ tapasāyo'nupaśyati || 15 ||

sarvavyāpinamātmānaṁ kṣīre sarpirivārpitam | ātmavidyātapomūlaṁ tadbrahmopaniṣat param || 16 ||

dvitīyo'dhyāyaḥ |

yuñjānaḥ prathamaṁ manastattvāya savitā dhiyaḥ | agnerjyotirnicāyya pṛthivyā adhyābharat || 1 ||

yuktena manasā vayaṁ devasya savituḥ save | suvargeyāya śaktyā || 2 ||

yuktvāya manasā devān suvaryato dhiyā divam | bṛhajjyotiḥ kariṣyataḥ savitā prasuvāti tān || 3 ||

yuñjate mana uta yuñjate dhiyo viprā viprasya bṛhato vipaścitaḥ | vi hotrā dadhe vayunāvideka inmahī devasya savituḥ pariṣṭutiḥ || 4 ||

yuje vāṁ brahma pūrvyaṁ namobhirviśloka etu pathyeva sūreḥ | śṛṇvantu viśve amṛtasya putrā ā ye dhāmāni divyāni tasthuḥ || 5 ||

agniryatrābhimathyate vāyuryatrādhirudhyate | somo yatrātiricyate tatra sañjāyate manaḥ || 6 ||

savitrā prasavena juṣeta brahma pūrvyam | yatra yoniṁ kṛṇavase na hi te pūrtamakṣipat || 7 ||

trirunnataṁ sthāpya samaṁ śarīraṁ hṛdīndriyāṇi manasā sanniveśya | brahmoḍupena pratareta vidvān srotāṁsi sarvāṇi bhayānakāni || 8 ||

prāṇān prapīḍyeha saṁyuktaceṣṭaḥ kṣīṇe prāṇe nāsikayocchvasīta | duṣṭāśvayuktamiva vāhamenaṁ vidvān mano dhārayetāpramattaḥ || 9 ||

same śucau śarkarāvahnivālikā- vivarjite śabdajalāśrayādibhiḥ | manonukūle na tu cakṣupīḍane guhānivātāśrayaṇe prayojayet || 10 ||

nīhāradhūmārkānilānalānāṁ khadyotavidyutsphaṭikaśaśīnām | etāni rūpāṇi puraḥsarāṇi brahmaṇyabhivyaktikarāṇi yoge || 11 ||

pṛthivyaptejo'nilakhe samutthite pañcātmake yogaguṇe pravṛtte | na tasya rogo na jarā na mṛtyuḥ prāptasya yogāgnimayaṁ śarīram || 12 ||

laghutvamārogyamalolupatvaṁ varṇaprasādaḥ svarasauṣṭhavaṁ ca | gandhaḥ śubho mūtrapurīṣamalpaṁ yogapravṛttiṁ prathamāṁ vadanti || 13 ||

yathaiva biṁbaṁ mṛdayopaliptaṁ tejomayaṁ bhrājate tat sudhāntam | tadvā''tmatattvaṁ prasamīkṣya dehī ekaḥ kṛtārtho bhavate vītaśokaḥ || 14 ||

yadātmatattvena tu brahmatattvaṁ dīpopameneha yuktaḥ prapaśyet | ajaṁ dhruvaṁ sarvatattvairviśuddhaṁ jñātvā devaṁ mucyate sarvapāpaiḥ || 15 ||

eṣo ha devaḥ pradiśo'nu sarvāḥ | pūrvo ha jātaḥ sa u garbhe antaḥ | sa eva jātaḥ sa janiṣyamāṇaḥ pratyaṅ janāstiṣṭhati sarvatomukhaḥ || 16 ||

yo devo agnau yo'psu yo viśvaṁ bhuvanamāviveśa | ya oṣadhīṣu yo vanaspatiṣu tasmai devāya namo namaḥ || 17 ||

tṛtīyo'dhyāyaḥ |

ya eko jālavānīśata īśanībhiḥ sarvāṁllokānīśata īśanībhiḥ | ya evaika udbhave sambhave ca ya etad viduramṛtāste bhavanti || 1 ||

eko hi rudro na dvitīyāya tasthu- rya imāṁllokānīśata īśanībhiḥ | pratyaṅ janāstiṣṭhati sañcukocāntakāle saṁsṛjya viśvā bhuvanāni gopāḥ || 2 ||

viśvataścakṣuruta viśvatomukho viśvatobāhuruta viśvataspāt | saṁ bāhubhyāṁ dhamati saṁpatatrai- rdyāvābhūmī janayan deva ekaḥ || 3 ||

yo devānāṁ prabhavaścodbhavaśca viśvādhipo rudro maharṣiḥ | hiraṇyagarbhaṁ janayāmāsa pūrvaṁ sa no buddhyā śubhayā saṁyunaktu || 4 ||

yā te rudra śivā tanūraghorā'pāpakāśinī | tayā nastanuvā śantamayā giriśantābhicākaśīhi || 5 ||

yābhiṣuṁ giriśanta haste bibharṣyastave | śivāṁ giritra tāṁ kuru mā hiṁsīḥ puruṣaṁ jagat || 6 ||

tataḥ paraṁ brahma paraṁ bṛhantaṁ yathānikāyaṁ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍham | viśvasyaikaṁ pariveṣṭitāra- mīśaṁ taṁ jñātvā'mṛtā bhavanti || 7 ||

vedāhametaṁ puruṣaṁ mahānta- mādityavarṇaṁ tamasaḥ parastāt | tameva viditvātimṛtyumeti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'yanāya || 8 ||

yasmāt paraṁ nāparamasti kiṁcidya- smānnaṇīyo na jyāyo'sti kaścit | vṛkṣa iva stabdho divi tiṣṭhatyeka- stenedaṁ pūrṇaṁ puruṣeṇa sarvam || 9 ||

tato yaduttaratataṁ tadarūpamanāmayam | ya etadviduramṛtāste bhavanti athetare duḥkhamevāpiyanti || 10 ||

sarvānana śirogrīvaḥ sarvabhūtaguhāśayaḥ | sarvavyāpī sa bhagavāṁstasmāt sarvagataḥ śivaḥ || 11 ||

mahān prabhurvai puruṣaḥ satvasyaiṣa pravartakaḥ | sunirmalāmimāṁ prāptimīśāno jyotiravyayaḥ || 12 ||

aṅguṣṭhamātraḥ puruṣo'ntarātmā sadā janānāṁ hṛdaye sanniviṣṭaḥ | hṛdā manīṣā manasābhiklṛpto ya etad viduramṛtāste bhavanti || 13 ||

sahasraśīrṣā puruṣaḥ sahasrākṣaḥ sahasrapāt | sa bhūmiṁ viśvato vṛtvā atyatiṣṭhaddaśāṅgulam || 14 ||

puruṣa eveda sarvaṁ yad bhūtaṁ yacca bhavyam | utāmṛtatvasyeśāno yadannenātirohati || 15 ||

sarvataḥ pāṇipādaṁ tat sarvato'kṣiśiromukham | sarvataḥ śrutimalloke sarvamāvṛtya tiṣṭhati || 16 ||

sarvendriyaguṇābhāsaṁ sarvendriyavivarjitam | sarvasya prabhumīśānaṁ sarvasya śaraṇaṁ suhṛt || 17 ||

navadvāre pure dehī haṁso lelāyate bahiḥ | vaśī sarvasya lokasya sthāvarasya carasya ca || 18 ||

apāṇipādo javano grahītā paśyatyacakṣuḥ sa śṛṇotyakarṇaḥ | sa vetti vedyaṁ na ca tasyāsti vettā tamāhuragryaṁ puruṣaṁ mahāntam || 19 ||

aṇoraṇīyān mahato mahīyā- nātmā guhāyāṁ nihito'sya jantoḥ | tamakratuḥ paśyati vītaśoko dhātuḥ prasādānmahimānamīśam || 20 ||

vedāhametamajaraṁ purāṇaṁ sarvātmānaṁ sarvagataṁ vibhutvāt | janmanirodhaṁ pravadanti yasya brahmavādino hi pravadanti nityam || 21 ||

caturtho'dhyāyaḥ |

ya eko'varṇo bahudhā śaktiyogād varaṇānanekān nihitārtho dadhāti | vicaiti cānte viśvamādau ca devaḥ sa no buddhyā śubhayā saṁyunaktu || 1 ||

tadevāgnistadāditya- stadvāyustadu candramāḥ | tadeva śukraṁ tad brahma tadāpastat prajāpatiḥ || 2 ||

tvaṁ strī pumānasi tvaṁ kumāra uta vā kumārī | tvaṁ jīrṇo daṇḍena vañcasi tvaṁ jāto bhavasi viśvatomukhaḥ || 3 ||

nīlaḥ pataṅgo harito lohitākṣa- staḍidgarbha ṛtavaḥ samudrāḥ | anādimat tvaṁ vibhutvena vartase yato jātāni bhuvanāni viśvā || 4 ||

ajāmekāṁ lohitaśuklakṛṣṇāṁ bahvīḥ prajāḥ sṛjamānāṁ sarūpāḥ | ajo hyeko juṣamāṇo'nuśete jahātyenāṁ bhuktabhogāmajo'nyaḥ || 5 ||

dvā suparṇā sayujā sakhāyā samānaṁ vṛkṣaṁ pariṣasvajāte | tayoranyaḥ pippalaṁ svādvattyana- śnannanyo abhicākaśīti || 6 ||

samāne vṛkṣe puruṣo nimagno'- nīśayā śocati muhyamānaḥ | juṣṭaṁ yadā paśyatyanyamīśamasya mahimānamiti vītaśokaḥ || 7 ||

ṛco akṣare parame vyoman yasmindevā adhi viśve niṣeduḥ | yastaṁ na veda kimṛcā kariṣyati ya ittadvidusta ime samāsate || 8 ||

chandāṁsi yajñāḥ kratavo vratāni bhūtaṁ bhavyaṁ yacca vedā vadanti | asmān māyī sṛjate viśvameta- ttasmiṁścānyo māyayā sanniruddhaḥ || 9 ||

māyāṁ tu prakṛtiṁ vidyānmāyinaṁ ca maheśvaram | tasyavayavabhūtaistu vyāptaṁ sarvamidaṁ jagat || 10 ||

yo yoniṁ yonimadhitiṣṭhatyeko yasminnidam saṁ ca vicaiti sarvam | tamīśānaṁ varadaṁ devamīḍyaṁ nicāyyemāṁ śāntimatyantameti || 11 ||

yo devānāṁ prabhavaścodbhavaśca viśvādhipo rudro maharṣiḥ | hiraṇyagarbhaṁ paśyata jāyamānaṁ sa no buddhyā śubhayā saṁyunaktu || 12 ||

yo devānāmadhipo yasminllokā adhiśritāḥ | ya īśe asya dvipadaścatuṣpadaḥ kasmai devāya haviṣā vidhema || 13 ||

sūkṣmātisūkṣmaṁ kalilasya madhye viśvasya sraṣṭhāramanekarūpam | viśvasyaikaṁ pariveṣṭitāraṁ jñātvā śivaṁ śāntimatyantameti || 14 ||

sa eva kāle bhuvanasya goptā viśvādhipaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ | yasmin yuktā brahmarṣayo devatāśca tamevaṁ jñātvā mṛtyupāśāṁśchinatti || 15 ||

ghṛtāt paraṁ maṇḍamivātisūkṣmaṁ jñātvā śivaṁ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍham | viśvasyaikaṁ pariveṣṭitāraṁ jñātvā devaṁ mucyate sarvapāśaiḥ || 16 ||

eṣa devo viśvakarmā mahātmā sadā janānāṁ hṛdaye sanniviṣṭaḥ | hṛdā manīṣā manasābhiklṛpto ya etad viduramṛtāste bhavanti || 17 ||

yadā'tamastānna divā na rātriḥ na sannacāsacchiva eva kevalaḥ | tadakṣaraṁ tat saviturvareṇyaṁ prajñā ca tasmāt prasṛtā purāṇī || 18 ||

nainamūrdhvaṁ na tiryañcaṁ na madhye na parijagrabhat | na tasya pratimā asti yasya nāma mahad yaśaḥ || 19 ||

na saṁdṛśe tiṣṭhati rūpamasya na cakṣuṣā paśyati kaścanainam | hṛdā hṛdisthaṁ manasā ya ena- mevaṁ viduramṛtāste bhavanti || 20 ||

ajāta ityevaṁ kaścidbhīruḥ prapadyate | rudra yatte dakṣiṇaṁ mukhaṁ tena māṁ pāhi nityam || 21 ||

mā nastoke tanaye mā na āyuṣi mā no goṣu mā na aśveṣu rīriṣaḥ | vīrān mā no rudra bhāmito vadhīrhaviṣmantaḥ sadāmit tvā havāmahe || 22 ||

pañcamo'dhyāyaḥ |

dve akṣare brahmapare tvanante vidyāvidye nihite yatra gūḍhe | kṣaraṁ tvavidyā hyamṛtaṁ tu vidyā vidyāvidye īśate yastu so'nyaḥ || 1 ||

yo yoniṁ yonimadhitiṣṭhatyeko viśvāni rūpāṇi yonīśca sarvāḥ | ṛṣiṁ prasūtaṁ kapilaṁ yastamagre jñānairbibharti jāyamānaṁ ca paśyet || 2 ||

ekaika jālaṁ bahudhā vikurva- nnasmin kṣetre saṁharatyeṣa devaḥ | bhūyaḥ sṛṣṭvā patayastatheśaḥ sarvādhipatyaṁ kurute mahātmā || 3 ||

sarvā diśa ūrdhvamadhaśca tiryak prakāśayan bhrājate yadvanaḍvān | evaṁ sa devo bhagavān vareṇyo yonisvabhāvānadhitiṣṭhatyekaḥ || 4 ||

yacca svabhāvaṁ pacati viśvayoniḥ pācyāṁśca sarvān pariṇāmayed yaḥ | sarvametad viśvamadhitiṣṭhatyeko guṇāṁśca sarvān viniyojayed yaḥ || 5 ||

tad vedaguhyopaniṣatsu gūḍhaṁ tad brahmā vedate brahmayonim | ye pūrvaṁ devā ṛṣayaśca tad vidu- ste tanmayā amṛtā vai babhūvuḥ ||6 ||

guṇānvayo yaḥ phalakarmakartā kṛtasya tasyaiva sa copabhoktā | sa viśvarūpastriguṇastrivartmā prāṇādhipaḥ sañcarati svakarmabhiḥ || 7 ||

aṅguṣṭhamātro ravitulyarūpaḥ saṅkalpāhaṅkārasamanvito yaḥ | buddherguṇenātmaguṇena caiva ārāgramātro'pyaparo'pi dṛṣṭaḥ || 8 ||

bālāgraśatabhāgasya śatadhā kalpitasya ca | bhāgo jīvaḥ sa vijñeyaḥ sa cānantyāya kalpate || 9 ||

naiva strī na pumāneṣa na caivāyaṁ napuṁsakaḥ | yadyaccharīramādatte tene tene sa yujyate || 10 ||

saṅkalpanasparśanadṛṣṭimohai- rgrāsāṁbuvṛṣṭyātmavivṛddhijanma | karmānugānyanukrameṇa dehī sthāneṣu rūpāṇyabhisamprapadyate || 11 ||

sthūlāni sūkṣmāṇi bahūni caiva rūpāṇi dehī svaguṇairvṛṇoti | kriyāguṇairātmaguṇaiśca teṣāṁ saṁyogaheturaparo'pi dṛṣṭaḥ || 12 ||

anādyanantaṁ kalilasya madhye viśvasya sraṣṭhāramanekarūpam | viśvasyaikaṁ pariveṣṭitāraṁ jñātvā devaṁ mucyate sarvapāśaiḥ || 13 ||

bhāvagrāhyamanīḍākhyaṁ bhāvābhāvakaraṁ śivam | kalāsargakaraṁ devaṁ ye viduste jahustanum || 14 ||

ṣaṣṭho'dhyāyaḥ |

svabhāvameke kavayo vadanti kālaṁ tathānye parimuhyamānāḥ | devasyaiṣa mahimā tu loke yenedaṁ bhrāmyate brahmacakram || 1 ||

yenāvṛtaṁ nityamidaṁ hi sarvaṁ jñaḥ kālakāro guṇī sarvavid yaḥ | teneśitaṁ karma vivartate ha pṛthivyaptejonilakhāni cintyam || 2 ||

tatkarma kṛtvā vinivartya bhūya- stattvasya tāvena sametya yogam | ekena dvābhyāṁ tribhiraṣṭabhirvā kālena caivātmaguṇaiśca sūkṣmaiḥ || 3 ||

ārabhya karmāṇi guṇānvitāni bhāvāṁśca sarvān viniyojayedyaḥ | teṣāmabhāve kṛtakarmanāśaḥ karmakṣaye yāti sa tattvato'nyaḥ || 4 ||

ādiḥ sa saṁyoganimittahetuḥ parastrikālādakalo'pi dṛṣṭaḥ | taṁ viśvarūpaṁ bhavabhūtamīḍyaṁ devaṁ svacittasthamupāsya pūrvam || 5 ||

sa vṛkṣakālākṛtibhiḥ paro'nyo yasmāt prapañcaḥ parivartate'yam | dharmāvahaṁ pāpanudaṁ bhageśaṁ jñātvātmasthamamṛtaṁ viśvadhāma || 6 ||

tamīśvarāṇāṁ paramaṁ maheśvaraṁ taṁ devatānāṁ paramaṁ ca daivatam | patiṁ patīnāṁ paramaṁ parastād- vidāma devaṁ bhuvaneśamīḍyam || 7 ||

na tasya kāryaṁ karaṇaṁ ca vidyate na tatsamaścābhyadhikaśca dṛśyate | parāsya śaktirvividhaiva śrūyate svābhāvikī jñānabalakriyā ca || 8 ||

na tasya kaścit patirasti loke na ceśitā naiva ca tasya liṅgam | sa kāraṇaṁ karaṇādhipādhipo na cāsya kaścijjanitā na cādhipaḥ || 9 ||

yastantunābha iva tantubhiḥ pradhānajaiḥ svabhāvataḥ | deva ekaḥ svamāvṛṇoti sa no dadhātu brahmāpyayam || 10 ||

eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtāntarātmā karmādhyakṣaḥ sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ sākṣī cetā kevalo nirguṇaśca || 11 ||

eko vaśī niṣkriyāṇāṁ bahūnā- mekaṁ bījaṁ bahudhā yaḥ karoti | tamātmasthaṁ ye'nupaśyanti dhīrā- steṣāṁ sukhaṁ śāśvataṁ netareṣām || 12 ||

nityo nityānāṁ cetanaścetanānā- meko bahūnāṁ yo vidadhāti kāmān | tatkāraṇaṁ sāṁkhyayogādhigamyaṁ jñātvā devaṁ mucyate sarvapāśaiḥ || 13 ||

na tatra sūryo bhāti na candratārakaṁ nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto'yamagniḥ | tameva bhāntamanubhāti sarvaṁ tasya bhāsā sarvamidaṁ vibhāti || 14 ||

eko haṁsaḥ bhuvanasyāsya madhye sa evāgniḥ salile saṁniviṣṭaḥ | tameva viditvā atimṛtyumeti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'yanāya || 15 ||

sa viśvakṛd viśvavidātmayoni- rjñaḥ kālakālo guṇī sarvavid yaḥ | pradhānakṣetrajñapatirguṇeśaḥ saṁsāramokṣasthitibandhahetuḥ || 16 ||

sa tanmayo hyamṛta īśasaṁstho jñaḥ sarvago bhuvanasyāsya goptā | ya īśe'sya jagato nityameva nānyo heturvidyata īśanāya || 17 ||

yo brahmāṇaṁ vidadhāti pūrvaṁ yo vai vedāṁśca prahiṇoti tasmai | taṁ ha devaṁ ātmabuddhiprakāśaṁ mumukṣurvai śaraṇamahaṁ prapadye || 18 ||

niṣkalaṁ niṣkriyaṁ śāntaṁ niravadyaṁ nirañjanam | amṛtasya paraṁ setuṁ dagdhendanamivānalam || 19 ||

yadā carmavadākāśaṁ veṣṭayiṣyanti mānavāḥ | tadā devamavijñāya duḥkhasyānto bhaviṣyati || 20 ||

tapaḥprabhāvād devaprasādācca brahma ha śvetāśvataro'tha vidvān | atyāśramibhyaḥ paramaṁ pavitraṁ provāca samyagṛṣisaṅghajuṣṭam || 21 ||

vedānte paramaṁ guhyaṁ purākalpe pracoditam | nāpraśāntāya dātavyaṁ nāputrāyāśiṣyāya vā punaḥ || 22 ||

yasya deve parā bhaktiḥ yathā deve tathā gurau | tasyaite kathitā hyarthāḥ prakāśante mahātmanaḥ || 23 || prakāśante mahātmana iti |

OM saha nāvavatu | saha nau bhunaktu | saha vīryaṁ karavāvahai | tejasvi nāvadhītamastu | mā vidviṣāvahai ||

OM śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ||

 * User:B9 hummingbird hovering/Blog/Learning Sanskrit Weblog/śvetāśvataropaniṣat/working text


text:
User:B9 hummingbird hovering/Blog/Learning Sanskrit Weblog/śvetāśvataropaniṣat/working text

OM sahanāvavatu | saha nau bhunaktu | saha vīryaṁ karavāvahai | tejasvi nāvadhītamastu | mā vidviṣāvahai || OM śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ||
 * śvetāśvataropaniṣat ||

prathamo'dhyāyaḥ |

hariḥ OM || brahmavādino vadanti |

kiṁ kāraṇaṁ brahma kutaḥ sma jātā jīvāma kena kva ca saṁpratiṣṭhā | adhiṣṭhitāḥ kena sukhetareṣu vartāmahe brahmavido vyavasthām || 1 ||

kālaḥ svabhāvo niyatiryadṛcchā bhūtāni yoniḥ puruṣa iti cintyā | saṁyoga eṣāṁ na tvātmabhāvā- dātmāpyanīśaḥ sukhaduḥkhahetoḥ || 2 ||

te dhyānayogānugatā apaśyan devātmaśaktiṁ svaguṇairnigūḍhām | yaḥ kāraṇāni nikhilāni tāni kālātmayuktānyadhitiṣṭhatyekaḥ || 3 ||

 * 1) J. Patrick Olivelle: "Those who follow the discipline of meditation have seen God the self, and the power, all hidden by their own qualities. One alone is he who governs all those causes, from 'time' to 'self'."
 * 2) Jayaram V: "Those who did meditation according to the percepts of yoga, saw the divine soul hidden deeply in its own qualities (namely sattva, rajas and tamas). And this Divine Soul is the one who presides over all other causes starting with time to the soul."
 * dhyāna is rendered by both of them as meditation... and meditation may be understood in the traditional canon in a number of ways...

tamekanemiṁ trivṛtaṁ ṣoḍaśāntaṁ śatārdhāraṁ viṁśatipratyarābhiḥ | aṣṭakaiḥ ṣaḍbhirviśvarūpaikapāśaṁ trimārgabhedaṁ dvinimittaikamoham || 4 ||

 * 1) Jayaram V: "We perceive Him as a wheel with one axis, three tiers, sixteen ends, fifty spokes, twenty counter spokes, the six sets of eight, whose one rope is manifold, which has three different paths of salvation and whose delusion arises out of two sets of actions."
 * Jayaram V:"There is a lot of symbolism hidden in this verse. The one axis is Iswara. The three tiers are the three qualities. The sixteen ends are the five elements, five sense organs, 'five organs of action and the mind. The fifty spokes are the various states of delusion and ignorance. The twenty counter spokes are ' (pañca karma indriyas) the ten senses and their objects. The six sets are prakriti, matter, abundance, emotions, gods and nature of soul each having eight different modes. The one rope is illusion. The three different paths of salvation are the path of righteousness, the path of unrighteousness and the path of knowledge. The two sets of action are actions done out of attachment and actions done with detachment.  The wheel that is referred here is the wheel of existence that comes into shape at the time of creation and revolves continuously till the end. Iswara is a not only a part of this wheel, He is its center."

 * The commentary on this verse is very helpful as it appears limited information from traditional commentaries are currently available within English discourse. This is the first time I have encountered Deity specifically alluded to as a Wheel and this is very important: actually that said the Tao as a numen may be considered Deity/Divinity. The Wheel for my circle/sphere spirituality is primary. This Upanishad has not received very much attention. I have been drawn to it as it foregrounds bhakti expression and bhakti is often traditionally held to necessitate a duality, but this isn't the whole truth as Shankaracharya the chamption of Advaita or Nonduality for example was very important in the Bhakti rejuvenation of Sanatana Dharma. The Wheel motif reminds me of a similar treatment in Tao Te Ching fascicle 55 or 11 depending on primary resource employed or alternatively Wikisource translation with Chinese and English side by side: 三十輻共一轂 / 當其無 / 有車之用.

pañcasrotombuṁ pañcayonyugravakrāṁ pañcaprāṇormiṁ pañcabuddhyādimūlām | pañcāvartāṁ pañcaduḥkhaughavegāṁ pañcāśadbhedāṁ pañcaparvāmadhīmaḥ || 5 ||

sarvājīve sarvasaṁsthe bṛhante asmin haṁso bhrāmyate brahmacakre | pṛthagātmānaṁ preritāraṁ ca matvā juṣṭastatastenāmṛtatvameti || 6 ||

udgītametatparamaṁ tu brahma tasmiṁstrayaṁ supratiṣṭhā'kṣaraṁ ca | atrāntaraṁ brahmavido viditvā līnā brahmaṇi tatparā yonimuktāḥ || 7 ||

saṁyuktametat kṣaramakṣaraṁ ca vyaktāvyaktaṁ bharate viśvamīśaḥ | anīśaścātmā badhyate bhoktṛ- bhāvāj jñātvā devaṁ mucyate sarvapāśaiḥ || 8 ||

jñājñau dvāvajāvīśanīśāvajā hyekā bhoktṛbhogyārthayuktā | anantaścātmā viśvarūpo hyakartā trayaṁ yadā vindate brahmametat || 9 ||

kṣaraṁ pradhānamamṛtākṣaraṁ haraḥ kṣarātmānāvīśate deva ekaḥ | tasyābhidhyānādyojanāttattva- bhāvāt bhūyaścānte viśvamāyānivṛttiḥ || 10 ||

jñātvā devaṁ sarvapāśāpahāniḥ kṣīṇaiḥ valeśerjanmamṛtyuprahāṇiḥ | tasyābhidhyānāttṛtīyaṁ dehabhede viśvaiśvaryaṁ kevala āptakāmaḥ || 11 ||

etajjñeyaṁ nityamevātmasaṁsthaṁ nātaḥ paraṁ veditavyaṁ hi kiñcit | bhoktā bhogyaṁ preritāraṁ ca matvā sarvaṁ proktaṁ trividhaṁ brahmametat || 12 ||

vahneryathā yonigatasya mūrtinar dṛśyate naiva ca liṅganāśaḥ | sa bhūya evendhanayonigṛhya- stadvobhayaṁ vai praṇavena dehe || 13 ||

svadehamaraṇiṁ kṛtvā praṇavaṁ cottarāraṇim | dhyānanirmathanābhyāsādevaṁ paśyannigūḍhavat || 14 ||

tileṣu tailaṁ dadhinīva sarpi- rāpaḥ srotaḥsvaraṇīṣu cāgniḥ | evamātmā'tmani gṛhyate'sau satyenainaṁ tapasāyo'nupaśyati || 15 ||

sarvavyāpinamātmānaṁ kṣīre sarpirivārpitam | ātmavidyātapomūlaṁ tadbrahmopaniṣat param || 16 ||

dvitīyo'dhyāyaḥ |

yuñjānaḥ prathamaṁ manastattvāya savitā dhiyaḥ | agnerjyotirnicāyya pṛthivyā adhyābharat || 1 ||

yuktena manasā vayaṁ devasya savituḥ save | suvargeyāya śaktyā || 2 ||

yuktvāya manasā devān suvaryato dhiyā divam | bṛhajjyotiḥ kariṣyataḥ savitā prasuvāti tān || 3 ||

yuñjate mana uta yuñjate dhiyo viprā viprasya bṛhato vipaścitaḥ | vi hotrā dadhe vayunāvideka inmahī devasya savituḥ pariṣṭutiḥ || 4 ||

yuje vāṁ brahma pūrvyaṁ namobhirviśloka etu pathyeva sūreḥ | śṛṇvantu viśve amṛtasya putrā ā ye dhāmāni divyāni tasthuḥ || 5 ||

agniryatrābhimathyate vāyuryatrādhirudhyate | somo yatrātiricyate tatra sañjāyate manaḥ || 6 ||

savitrā prasavena juṣeta brahma pūrvyam | yatra yoniṁ kṛṇavase na hi te pūrtamakṣipat || 7 ||

trirunnataṁ sthāpya samaṁ śarīraṁ hṛdīndriyāṇi manasā sanniveśya | brahmoḍupena pratareta vidvān srotāṁsi sarvāṇi bhayānakāni || 8 ||

prāṇān prapīḍyeha saṁyuktaceṣṭaḥ kṣīṇe prāṇe nāsikayocchvasīta | duṣṭāśvayuktamiva vāhamenaṁ vidvān mano dhārayetāpramattaḥ || 9 ||

same śucau śarkarāvahnivālikā- vivarjite śabdajalāśrayādibhiḥ | manonukūle na tu cakṣupīḍane guhānivātāśrayaṇe prayojayet || 10 ||

nīhāradhūmārkānilānalānāṁ khadyotavidyutsphaṭikaśaśīnām | etāni rūpāṇi puraḥsarāṇi brahmaṇyabhivyaktikarāṇi yoge || 11 ||

pṛthivyaptejo'nilakhe samutthite pañcātmake yogaguṇe pravṛtte | na tasya rogo na jarā na mṛtyuḥ prāptasya yogāgnimayaṁ śarīram || 12 ||

laghutvamārogyamalolupatvaṁ varṇaprasādaḥ svarasauṣṭhavaṁ ca | gandhaḥ śubho mūtrapurīṣamalpaṁ yogapravṛttiṁ prathamāṁ vadanti || 13 ||

yathaiva biṁbaṁ mṛdayopaliptaṁ tejomayaṁ bhrājate tat sudhāntam | tadvā''tmatattvaṁ prasamīkṣya dehī ekaḥ kṛtārtho bhavate vītaśokaḥ || 14 ||

yadātmatattvena tu brahmatattvaṁ dīpopameneha yuktaḥ prapaśyet | ajaṁ dhruvaṁ sarvatattvairviśuddhaṁ jñātvā devaṁ mucyate sarvapāpaiḥ || 15 ||

eṣo ha devaḥ pradiśo'nu sarvāḥ | pūrvo ha jātaḥ sa u garbhe antaḥ | sa eva jātaḥ sa janiṣyamāṇaḥ pratyaṅ janāstiṣṭhati sarvatomukhaḥ || 16 ||

yo devo agnau yo'psu yo viśvaṁ bhuvanamāviveśa | ya oṣadhīṣu yo vanaspatiṣu tasmai devāya namo namaḥ || 17 ||

tṛtīyo'dhyāyaḥ |

ya eko jālavānīśata īśanībhiḥ sarvāṁllokānīśata īśanībhiḥ | ya evaika udbhave sambhave ca ya etad viduramṛtāste bhavanti || 1 ||

eko hi rudro na dvitīyāya tasthu- rya imāṁllokānīśata īśanībhiḥ | pratyaṅ janāstiṣṭhati sañcukocāntakāle saṁsṛjya viśvā bhuvanāni gopāḥ || 2 ||

viśvataścakṣuruta viśvatomukho viśvatobāhuruta viśvataspāt | saṁ bāhubhyāṁ dhamati saṁpatatrai- rdyāvābhūmī janayan deva ekaḥ || 3 ||

yo devānāṁ prabhavaścodbhavaśca viśvādhipo rudro maharṣiḥ | hiraṇyagarbhaṁ janayāmāsa pūrvaṁ sa no buddhyā śubhayā saṁyunaktu || 4 ||

yā te rudra śivā tanūraghorā'pāpakāśinī | tayā nastanuvā śantamayā giriśantābhicākaśīhi || 5 ||

yābhiṣuṁ giriśanta haste bibharṣyastave | śivāṁ giritra tāṁ kuru mā hiṁsīḥ puruṣaṁ jagat || 6 ||

tataḥ paraṁ brahma paraṁ bṛhantaṁ yathānikāyaṁ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍham | viśvasyaikaṁ pariveṣṭitāra- mīśaṁ taṁ jñātvā'mṛtā bhavanti || 7 ||

vedāhametaṁ puruṣaṁ mahānta- mādityavarṇaṁ tamasaḥ parastāt | tameva viditvātimṛtyumeti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'yanāya || 8 ||

yasmāt paraṁ nāparamasti kiṁcidya- smānnaṇīyo na jyāyo'sti kaścit | vṛkṣa iva stabdho divi tiṣṭhatyeka- stenedaṁ pūrṇaṁ puruṣeṇa sarvam || 9 ||

tato yaduttaratataṁ tadarūpamanāmayam | ya etadviduramṛtāste bhavanti athetare duḥkhamevāpiyanti || 10 ||

sarvānana śirogrīvaḥ sarvabhūtaguhāśayaḥ | sarvavyāpī sa bhagavāṁstasmāt sarvagataḥ śivaḥ || 11 ||

mahān prabhurvai puruṣaḥ satvasyaiṣa pravartakaḥ | sunirmalāmimāṁ prāptimīśāno jyotiravyayaḥ || 12 ||

aṅguṣṭhamātraḥ puruṣo'ntarātmā sadā janānāṁ hṛdaye sanniviṣṭaḥ | hṛdā manīṣā manasābhiklṛpto ya etad viduramṛtāste bhavanti || 13 ||

sahasraśīrṣā puruṣaḥ sahasrākṣaḥ sahasrapāt | sa bhūmiṁ viśvato vṛtvā atyatiṣṭhaddaśāṅgulam || 14 ||

puruṣa eveda sarvaṁ yad bhūtaṁ yacca bhavyam | utāmṛtatvasyeśāno yadannenātirohati || 15 ||

sarvataḥ pāṇipādaṁ tat sarvato'kṣiśiromukham | sarvataḥ śrutimalloke sarvamāvṛtya tiṣṭhati || 16 ||

sarvendriyaguṇābhāsaṁ sarvendriyavivarjitam | sarvasya prabhumīśānaṁ sarvasya śaraṇaṁ suhṛt || 17 ||

navadvāre pure dehī haṁso lelāyate bahiḥ | vaśī sarvasya lokasya sthāvarasya carasya ca || 18 ||

apāṇipādo javano grahītā paśyatyacakṣuḥ sa śṛṇotyakarṇaḥ | sa vetti vedyaṁ na ca tasyāsti vettā tamāhuragryaṁ puruṣaṁ mahāntam || 19 ||

aṇoraṇīyān mahato mahīyā- nātmā guhāyāṁ nihito'sya jantoḥ | tamakratuḥ paśyati vītaśoko dhātuḥ prasādānmahimānamīśam || 20 ||

vedāhametamajaraṁ purāṇaṁ sarvātmānaṁ sarvagataṁ vibhutvāt | janmanirodhaṁ pravadanti yasya brahmavādino hi pravadanti nityam || 21 ||

caturtho'dhyāyaḥ |

ya eko'varṇo bahudhā śaktiyogād varaṇānanekān nihitārtho dadhāti | vicaiti cānte viśvamādau ca devaḥ sa no buddhyā śubhayā saṁyunaktu || 1 ||

tadevāgnistadāditya- stadvāyustadu candramāḥ | tadeva śukraṁ tad brahma tadāpastat prajāpatiḥ || 2 ||

tvaṁ strī pumānasi tvaṁ kumāra uta vā kumārī | tvaṁ jīrṇo daṇḍena vañcasi tvaṁ jāto bhavasi viśvatomukhaḥ || 3 ||

nīlaḥ pataṅgo harito lohitākṣa- staḍidgarbha ṛtavaḥ samudrāḥ | anādimat tvaṁ vibhutvena vartase yato jātāni bhuvanāni viśvā || 4 ||

ajāmekāṁ lohitaśuklakṛṣṇāṁ bahvīḥ prajāḥ sṛjamānāṁ sarūpāḥ | ajo hyeko juṣamāṇo'nuśete jahātyenāṁ bhuktabhogāmajo'nyaḥ || 5 ||

dvā suparṇā sayujā sakhāyā samānaṁ vṛkṣaṁ pariṣasvajāte | tayoranyaḥ pippalaṁ svādvattyana- śnannanyo abhicākaśīti || 6 ||

samāne vṛkṣe puruṣo nimagno'- nīśayā śocati muhyamānaḥ | juṣṭaṁ yadā paśyatyanyamīśamasya mahimānamiti vītaśokaḥ || 7 ||

ṛco akṣare parame vyoman yasmindevā adhi viśve niṣeduḥ | yastaṁ na veda kimṛcā kariṣyati ya ittadvidusta ime samāsate || 8 ||

chandāṁsi yajñāḥ kratavo vratāni bhūtaṁ bhavyaṁ yacca vedā vadanti | asmān māyī sṛjate viśvameta- ttasmiṁścānyo māyayā sanniruddhaḥ || 9 ||

māyāṁ tu prakṛtiṁ vidyānmāyinaṁ ca maheśvaram | tasyavayavabhūtaistu vyāptaṁ sarvamidaṁ jagat || 10 ||

yo yoniṁ yonimadhitiṣṭhatyeko yasminnidam saṁ ca vicaiti sarvam | tamīśānaṁ varadaṁ devamīḍyaṁ nicāyyemāṁ śāntimatyantameti || 11 ||

yo devānāṁ prabhavaścodbhavaśca viśvādhipo rudro maharṣiḥ | hiraṇyagarbhaṁ paśyata jāyamānaṁ sa no buddhyā śubhayā saṁyunaktu || 12 ||

yo devānāmadhipo yasminllokā adhiśritāḥ | ya īśe asya dvipadaścatuṣpadaḥ kasmai devāya haviṣā vidhema || 13 ||

sūkṣmātisūkṣmaṁ kalilasya madhye viśvasya sraṣṭhāramanekarūpam | viśvasyaikaṁ pariveṣṭitāraṁ jñātvā śivaṁ śāntimatyantameti || 14 ||

sa eva kāle bhuvanasya goptā viśvādhipaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ | yasmin yuktā brahmarṣayo devatāśca tamevaṁ jñātvā mṛtyupāśāṁśchinatti || 15 ||

ghṛtāt paraṁ maṇḍamivātisūkṣmaṁ jñātvā śivaṁ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍham | viśvasyaikaṁ pariveṣṭitāraṁ jñātvā devaṁ mucyate sarvapāśaiḥ || 16 ||

eṣa devo viśvakarmā mahātmā sadā janānāṁ hṛdaye sanniviṣṭaḥ | hṛdā manīṣā manasābhiklṛpto ya etad viduramṛtāste bhavanti || 17 ||

yadā'tamastānna divā na rātriḥ na sannacāsacchiva eva kevalaḥ | tadakṣaraṁ tat saviturvareṇyaṁ prajñā ca tasmāt prasṛtā purāṇī || 18 ||

nainamūrdhvaṁ na tiryañcaṁ na madhye na parijagrabhat | na tasya pratimā asti yasya nāma mahad yaśaḥ || 19 ||

na saṁdṛśe tiṣṭhati rūpamasya na cakṣuṣā paśyati kaścanainam | hṛdā hṛdisthaṁ manasā ya ena- mevaṁ viduramṛtāste bhavanti || 20 ||

ajāta ityevaṁ kaścidbhīruḥ prapadyate | rudra yatte dakṣiṇaṁ mukhaṁ tena māṁ pāhi nityam || 21 ||

mā nastoke tanaye mā na āyuṣi mā no goṣu mā na aśveṣu rīriṣaḥ | vīrān mā no rudra bhāmito vadhīrhaviṣmantaḥ sadāmit tvā havāmahe || 22 ||

pañcamo'dhyāyaḥ |

dve akṣare brahmapare tvanante vidyāvidye nihite yatra gūḍhe | kṣaraṁ tvavidyā hyamṛtaṁ tu vidyā vidyāvidye īśate yastu so'nyaḥ || 1 ||

yo yoniṁ yonimadhitiṣṭhatyeko viśvāni rūpāṇi yonīśca sarvāḥ | ṛṣiṁ prasūtaṁ kapilaṁ yastamagre jñānairbibharti jāyamānaṁ ca paśyet || 2 ||

ekaika jālaṁ bahudhā vikurva- nnasmin kṣetre saṁharatyeṣa devaḥ | bhūyaḥ sṛṣṭvā patayastatheśaḥ sarvādhipatyaṁ kurute mahātmā || 3 ||

sarvā diśa ūrdhvamadhaśca tiryak prakāśayan bhrājate yadvanaḍvān | evaṁ sa devo bhagavān vareṇyo yonisvabhāvānadhitiṣṭhatyekaḥ || 4 ||

yacca svabhāvaṁ pacati viśvayoniḥ pācyāṁśca sarvān pariṇāmayed yaḥ | sarvametad viśvamadhitiṣṭhatyeko guṇāṁśca sarvān viniyojayed yaḥ || 5 ||

tad vedaguhyopaniṣatsu gūḍhaṁ tad brahmā vedate brahmayonim | ye pūrvaṁ devā ṛṣayaśca tad vidu- ste tanmayā amṛtā vai babhūvuḥ ||6 ||

guṇānvayo yaḥ phalakarmakartā kṛtasya tasyaiva sa copabhoktā | sa viśvarūpastriguṇastrivartmā prāṇādhipaḥ sañcarati svakarmabhiḥ || 7 ||

aṅguṣṭhamātro ravitulyarūpaḥ saṅkalpāhaṅkārasamanvito yaḥ | buddherguṇenātmaguṇena caiva ārāgramātro'pyaparo'pi dṛṣṭaḥ || 8 ||

bālāgraśatabhāgasya śatadhā kalpitasya ca | bhāgo jīvaḥ sa vijñeyaḥ sa cānantyāya kalpate || 9 ||

naiva strī na pumāneṣa na caivāyaṁ napuṁsakaḥ | yadyaccharīramādatte tene tene sa yujyate || 10 ||

saṅkalpanasparśanadṛṣṭimohai- rgrāsāṁbuvṛṣṭyātmavivṛddhijanma | karmānugānyanukrameṇa dehī sthāneṣu rūpāṇyabhisamprapadyate || 11 ||

sthūlāni sūkṣmāṇi bahūni caiva rūpāṇi dehī svaguṇairvṛṇoti | kriyāguṇairātmaguṇaiśca teṣāṁ saṁyogaheturaparo'pi dṛṣṭaḥ || 12 ||

anādyanantaṁ kalilasya madhye viśvasya sraṣṭhāramanekarūpam | viśvasyaikaṁ pariveṣṭitāraṁ jñātvā devaṁ mucyate sarvapāśaiḥ || 13 ||

bhāvagrāhyamanīḍākhyaṁ bhāvābhāvakaraṁ śivam | kalāsargakaraṁ devaṁ ye viduste jahustanum || 14 ||

ṣaṣṭho'dhyāyaḥ |

svabhāvameke kavayo vadanti kālaṁ tathānye parimuhyamānāḥ | devasyaiṣa mahimā tu loke yenedaṁ bhrāmyate brahmacakram || 1 ||

yenāvṛtaṁ nityamidaṁ hi sarvaṁ jñaḥ kālakāro guṇī sarvavid yaḥ | teneśitaṁ karma vivartate ha pṛthivyaptejonilakhāni cintyam || 2 ||

tatkarma kṛtvā vinivartya bhūya- stattvasya tāvena sametya yogam | ekena dvābhyāṁ tribhiraṣṭabhirvā kālena caivātmaguṇaiśca sūkṣmaiḥ || 3 ||

ārabhya karmāṇi guṇānvitāni bhāvāṁśca sarvān viniyojayedyaḥ | teṣāmabhāve kṛtakarmanāśaḥ karmakṣaye yāti sa tattvato'nyaḥ || 4 ||

ādiḥ sa saṁyoganimittahetuḥ parastrikālādakalo'pi dṛṣṭaḥ | taṁ viśvarūpaṁ bhavabhūtamīḍyaṁ devaṁ svacittasthamupāsya pūrvam || 5 ||

sa vṛkṣakālākṛtibhiḥ paro'nyo yasmāt prapañcaḥ parivartate'yam | dharmāvahaṁ pāpanudaṁ bhageśaṁ jñātvātmasthamamṛtaṁ viśvadhāma || 6 ||

tamīśvarāṇāṁ paramaṁ maheśvaraṁ taṁ devatānāṁ paramaṁ ca daivatam | patiṁ patīnāṁ paramaṁ parastād- vidāma devaṁ bhuvaneśamīḍyam || 7 ||

na tasya kāryaṁ karaṇaṁ ca vidyate na tatsamaścābhyadhikaśca dṛśyate | parāsya śaktirvividhaiva śrūyate svābhāvikī jñānabalakriyā ca || 8 ||

na tasya kaścit patirasti loke na ceśitā naiva ca tasya liṅgam | sa kāraṇaṁ karaṇādhipādhipo na cāsya kaścijjanitā na cādhipaḥ || 9 ||

yastantunābha iva tantubhiḥ pradhānajaiḥ svabhāvataḥ | deva ekaḥ svamāvṛṇoti sa no dadhātu brahmāpyayam || 10 ||

eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ sarvavyāpī sarvabhūtāntarātmā karmādhyakṣaḥ sarvabhūtādhivāsaḥ sākṣī cetā kevalo nirguṇaśca || 11 ||

eko vaśī niṣkriyāṇāṁ bahūnā- mekaṁ bījaṁ bahudhā yaḥ karoti | tamātmasthaṁ ye'nupaśyanti dhīrā- steṣāṁ sukhaṁ śāśvataṁ netareṣām || 12 ||

nityo nityānāṁ cetanaścetanānā- meko bahūnāṁ yo vidadhāti kāmān | tatkāraṇaṁ sāṁkhyayogādhigamyaṁ jñātvā devaṁ mucyate sarvapāśaiḥ || 13 ||

na tatra sūryo bhāti na candratārakaṁ nemā vidyuto bhānti kuto'yamagniḥ | tameva bhāntamanubhāti sarvaṁ tasya bhāsā sarvamidaṁ vibhāti || 14 ||

eko haṁsaḥ bhuvanasyāsya madhye sa evāgniḥ salile saṁniviṣṭaḥ | tameva viditvā atimṛtyumeti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'yanāya || 15 ||

sa viśvakṛd viśvavidātmayoni- rjñaḥ kālakālo guṇī sarvavid yaḥ | pradhānakṣetrajñapatirguṇeśaḥ saṁsāramokṣasthitibandhahetuḥ || 16 ||

sa tanmayo hyamṛta īśasaṁstho jñaḥ sarvago bhuvanasyāsya goptā | ya īśe'sya jagato nityameva nānyo heturvidyata īśanāya || 17 ||

yo brahmāṇaṁ vidadhāti pūrvaṁ yo vai vedāṁśca prahiṇoti tasmai | taṁ ha devaṁ ātmabuddhiprakāśaṁ mumukṣurvai śaraṇamahaṁ prapadye || 18 ||

niṣkalaṁ niṣkriyaṁ śāntaṁ niravadyaṁ nirañjanam | amṛtasya paraṁ setuṁ dagdhendanamivānalam || 19 ||

yadā carmavadākāśaṁ veṣṭayiṣyanti mānavāḥ | tadā devamavijñāya duḥkhasyānto bhaviṣyati || 20 ||

tapaḥprabhāvād devaprasādācca brahma ha śvetāśvataro'tha vidvān | atyāśramibhyaḥ paramaṁ pavitraṁ provāca samyagṛṣisaṅghajuṣṭam || 21 ||

vedānte paramaṁ guhyaṁ purākalpe pracoditam | nāpraśāntāya dātavyaṁ nāputrāyāśiṣyāya vā punaḥ || 22 ||

yasya deve parā bhaktiḥ yathā deve tathā gurau | tasyaite kathitā hyarthāḥ prakāśante mahātmanaḥ || 23 || prakāśante mahātmana iti |

OM saha nāvavatu | saha nau bhunaktu | saha vīryaṁ karavāvahai | tejasvi nāvadhītamastu | mā vidviṣāvahai ||

OM śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ||


text:
Mapudungun language/History

Origin
The origin of the Mapuche is not clear. The Mapuche language, Mapudungun, has been classified by some authorities as being related to the Penutian languages of North America. Others group it among the Andean languages, and yet others postulate an Araucanian-Mayan relationship ; Croese (1989, 1991) has advanced the hypothesis that it is related to Arawak. Recent DNA analysis has found that Mapuche pre-Columbian Araucana chicken came from Polynesia,   suggesting contact between the Mapuche and Polynesia. One of the earliest sites of human occupation in the Americas, Monte Verde, lies within what was later to become Huilliche territory, although there is currently no demonstrated link between the Monte Verde people and the Mapuche.

War of Arauco
The Mapuche successfully resisted many attempts by the Inca Empire to subjugate them, despite their lack of state organization. They fought against the Sapa Inca, Tupac Yupanqui, and his army. The result of the bloody three-day confrontation known as the Battle of the Maule was that the Inca conquest of the territories of Chile ended at the Maule river. They fell back to the north behind the Rapel and Cachapoal Rivers where they established a fortified border guarded by fortresses like Pucará de La Compañía and the Pucará del Cerro La Muralla.

After the successful subjugation of the Picunche in the Conquest of Chile, the Moluche of the area the Spanish called Araucanía fought against the Spaniards for over 300 years. Initial conquests of land by Spain in the late 16th century were repelled by the Mapuche so effectively that there were areas to which Europeans did not return until late in the 19th century. One of the main geographical boundaries was the Bío-Bío River, which the Mapuche used as a natural barrier to Spanish and Chilean incursion. The 300 years were not uniformly a period of hostility, but often allowed substantial trade and interchange between Mapuche and Spaniards or Chileans. Nevertheless, the long Mapuche resistance has become primarily known as the War of Arauco, and its early phase was immortalized in Alonso de Ercilla's epic poem La Araucana.

From the mid 17th century the Mapuches and the governors of Chile made a series of treaties in order to end the hostilities. By the late eighteenth century many Mapuche loncos had accepted the de jure sovereignty of the Spanish king of their lands while having a de facto independence.

When Chile revolted from the Spanish crown during the Chilean War of Independence, some Mapuche chiefs sided with the royalists of Vicente Benavides in the Guerra a muerte. The aid of the Mapuches was vital to the Spanish since they had lost the control of all cities and ports north of Valdivia. Mapuches valued the treaties made with the Spanish authorities, however most regarded the matter with indifference and took advantage of both sides. After Chile's independence from Spain, the Mapuche coexisted and traded with their neighbors, who prudently remained north of the Bío-Bío River, although clashes occurred frequently.

Occupation of the Araucanía

Chilean population pressures increased on the Mapuche borders, and by the 1880s Chile extended both to the north and to the south of the Mapuche heartlands. Further, Chile in the 1880s, as a result of its preparation for and its victory in the War of the Pacific against Bolivia and Peru, found itself with a large standing army and a relatively modern arsenal for the period. Finally, in the mid- to late-1880s, partially on the pretext of crushing a French adventurer, Orelie-Antoine de Tounens, who had declared himself King of Araucania, Chile overwhelmed the Mapuche in the course of the so-called "pacification of the Araucanía".

Using a combination of force and diplomacy, Chile's government obliged some Mapuche leaders to sign a treaty absorbing the Araucanian territories into Chile. The immediate impact of the war was widespread starvation and disease. It has been claimed that the Mapuche population dropped from a total of half a million to 25,000 within a generation, though the latter figure has been called an exaggeration by several authorities. In the post-conquest period, however, there was internment of a significant percentage of the Mapuche, the wholesale destruction of the Mapuche herding, agricultural and trading economies, the wholesale looting of Mapuche property (real and personal - including a large amount of silver jewelry to replenish the Chilean national coffers), and the creation and institutionalization of a system of reserves called reducciones along lines similar to North American reservation systems. Subsequent generations of Mapuche live in extreme poverty as a direct result of being conquered and expropriated.

Recent history
Many Mapuche descendants now live across southern Chile and Argentina; some maintain their traditions and continue living from agriculture, but a growing majority have migrated to cities in search of better economic opportunities. However, contrary to popular imagination, the majority of the Mapuche people live in urban areas, especially around Santiago. Chile's region IX continues to have a rural population made up of approximately 80%; there are also substantial Mapuche populations in regions X, VIII, and VII.

In recent years, there has been an attempt by the Chilean government to redress some of the inequities of the past. The Parliament voted, in 1993, Law n° 19 253 (Indigenous Law, or Ley indígena) which recognized the Mapuche people, and seven other ethnic minorities as well as the Mapudungun language and culture. In the frame of this law, Mapundungun, which was prohibited before, is now included in the curriculum of elementary schools around Temuco.

Despite representing 4.6% of the Chilean population few Mapuches have reached government positions, in 2006 among Chile's 38 senators and 120 deputies only one declared to be indigenous. The number is however higher at municipal levels.

Furthermore, representatives from Mapuche organisations joined the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organisation (UNPO) seeking recognition and protection for their cultural and land rights.

Land disputes
Land disputes and violent interactions do continue in some Mapuche areas, particularly in the northern sections of the IX region between and around Traiguén and Lumaco. In an effort to defuse tensions a special government body, the Commission for Historical Truth and New Treatment, issued a report in 2003 calling for drastic changes in Chile's treatment of its indigenous people, more than 80 percent of whom are Mapuche. The recommendations included the formal recognition of political and "territorial" rights for aboriginal peoples, as well as efforts to promote their cultural identity.

Though Japanese and Swiss interests are active in Araucanía (Mapudungun: "Ngulu Mapu"), both of the main forestry companies are Chilean-owned. The firms have planted hundreds of thousands of acres with exotic species such as Monterey pine, Douglas fir's and eucalyptus trees, sometimes substituting native Valdivian forests, althought substitution is nowadays forbidden.

Chilean exports of wood to the United States, almost all of which come from this southern region, are about $600 million a year and rising. Though an international campaign led by the conservation group Forest Ethics resulted in the Home Depot chain and other leading wood importers agreeing to revise their purchasing policies to "provide for the protection of native forests in Chile," some Mapuche leaders were not satisfied.

In recent years the delicts committed by Mapuche activists have been prosecuted under counter-terrorism legislation originally introduced by the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. The law allows prosecutors to withhold evidence from the defense for up to six months and to conceal the identity of witnesses, who may give evidence in court behind screens. There are several violent activist groups, such as the Coordinadora Arauco Malleco, which utilize tactics including burning of structures and pastures, and death threats against people and their families. Protesters from Mapuche communities have used these tactics against multinational forestry corporations and private individuals.

title: Mapudungun language/History


text:
User:B9 hummingbird hovering/Blog/Learning Sanskrit Weblog/śvetāśvataropaniṣat/working text/dhyāna

ध्यान(H2) ध्यान [p= 521,1] [L=102194]	n. meditation, thought , reflection , (esp.) profound and abstract religious meditation , (°नम् आपद् , आ- √स्था or °नं- √गम् , to indulge in religious meditation) ChUp. Mn. MBh. Ka1v. &c (with Buddhists divided into 4 stages MWB. 209 Dharmas. lxxii ; but also into 3 ib. cix) [L=102195]	mental representation of the personal attributes of a deity W. [L=102196]	insensibility, dulness Bhpr. (H2B) ध्यान [L=102197]	m. N. of a partic. personification MaitrS. (H2B) ध्यान [L=102198]	m. of the 11th day of the light half in ब्रह्म's month Pur.

 * 'dhyAna' with ITRANS @ http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/indexcaller.php
 * the Dhyāna article doesn't as yet really convey the complexity of the term.

NB: I know that √ = root but buggered if I know what ° denotes! There is no key for symbols and they are not included amongst abbreviations. The symbol is actually present in the print version of the MW: http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/cgi-bin/monier/serveimg.pl?file=/scans/MWScan/MWScanjpg/mw0521-dhmApita.jpg


text:
User:FifthCylon

Hello, my name is Kevin and I am junior in high school. I enjoy video games, science fiction, computers and technology, so much more. But most of all, I enjoy spending time with my amazing girlfriend. Below I'll list some of my favorite video games, movies, TV shows, and websites. I also collect video game consoles, I currently own a GameCube, Xbox 360, Dreamcast, Nintendo DS, Super Nintendo, Nintendo Entertainment System, and Game Gear. My favorite console of all time is the GameCube. I run a popular online forum called Haven, feel free to join and be a constructive member, the URL is: http://forums.lyokohaven.co.cc/

My Favorite Video Games & Series
 * StarCraft (PC)
 * Star Trek Universe (PC)
 * Warcraft series (PC)
 * Diablo series (PC)
 * Descent series (PC)
 * Total Annihilation (PC)
 * FreeSpace (PC)
 * MechWarrior series (PC)
 * Star Wars X-Wing versus TIE Fighter (PC)
 * Metroid Prime 2: Echoes (GameCube)
 * Resident Evil (GameCube)
 * Rogue Spear (PC)
 * SWAT 3 (PC)
 * Tribes 2 (PC)
 * Unreal Tournament 2004 (PC)
 * Geist (GameCube)
 * Total Annihilation: Kingdoms (PC)

Video Games I'm Looking Forward To
 * StarCraft: Ghost (GameCube)
 * Firefly MMO (PC)
 * Buffy the Vampire Slayer: Multiverse (PC)
 * Jumpgate Evolution (PC)
 * Sole Survivor (GameCube)
 * Star Wars: The Old Republic (PC)
 * DUST 514 (Xbox 360)
 * Final Fantasy XIV (PC)
 * StarCraft II (PC)
 * Diablo III (PC)
 * Torchlight MMO (PC)
 * Lego Universe (PC)
 * Femme Fatale (GameCube)
 * PlanetSide 2 (PC)
 * The Agency (PC)
 * H.A.W.X. 2 (Xbox 360)
 * Blizzard's Upcoming MMO (PC)
 * Descent IV (PC)
 * FreeSpace 3 (PC)
 * Singularity (Xbox 360)
 * Mythos (PC)
 * Dune Generations (PC)
 * Multiplayer Battletech 3025 (PC)
 * MechWarrior: 3015 (Xbox 360)
 * Black Prophecy (PC)
 * Earthrise (PC)
 * Ackuron (GameCube)
 * DC Universe Online (PC)
 * Total Annihilation 2 (PC)
 * Good & Evil
 * Amen: The Awakening
 * Elysium
 * Metro 2034 (Xbox 360)
 * Aliens: Colonial Marines (Xbox 360)
 * Dead Space 2 (Xbox 360)
 * Fallout: New Vegas (Xbox 360)
 * Halo: Reach (Xbox 360)
 * Tron: Evolution (Xbox 360)
 * Company of Heroes Online (PC)
 * Counter-Strike Online (PC)
 * Kings and Castles (PC)
 * Dungeon Siege III (PC)
 * Guild Wars 2 (PC)
 * Heroes of Newerth (PC)
 * Chinese Heroes (PC)
 * Stargate Worlds (PC)
 * The X-Files upcoming game (Xbox 360)
 * Warcraft Adventures: Lord of the Clans (PC)
 * Warhammer 40,000 Online (PC)

My Favorite TV Shows
 * Stargate Universe
 * Star Trek: Deep Space Nine
 * Firefly
 * Code Lyoko
 * Star Trek: The Next Generation
 * Star Trek: Voyager
 * Star Trek: Enterprise
 * Star Trek: The Original Series
 * Star Trek 2.0
 * Babylon 5
 * Andromeda
 * Farscape
 * Stargate SG-1
 * Stargate Atlantis
 * Battlestar Galactica (remake)
 * Caprica
 * Sanctuary
 * The X-Files
 * Dexter
 * Crusoe
 * MacGyver
 * LOST
 * Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex

My Favorite Movies
 * Zombieland
 * Casino Royale
 * Star Wars (all of them)
 * The Hunt for Red October
 * Alien
 * Aliens

My Favorite Books
 * The Terrible Hours
 * Hellgate: London: Exodus
 * Star Trek: Deep Space Nine: Warped
 * Star Trek: Destiny
 * Star Trek: New Earth

My Favorite Bands
 * Band * Pie = Systematic Error Meltdown
 * A Touch of Classic
 * Bullet for my Valentine
 * Basshunter
 * Natasha Bedingfield
 * Panic! at the Disco (before they started doing rap)
 * Linkin Park (before they started doing rap)
 * Paramore

Sites I have Bookmarked
 * Haven - http://forums.lyokohaven.co.cc/
 * Girls Own You - http://goy.lyokohaven.co.cc/
 * Teen Hot Spot - http://www.teenhotspot.co.cc/
 * United Gamers Alliance - http://ugalliance.ipbfree.com/
 * Zombieland Forums - http://zombieland.ipbfree.com/
 * V for Vendetta - http://v3nd3tta.wordpress.com/
 * CNET - http://forums.cnet.com/
 * x10Hosting - http://x10hosting.com/forums/
 * Explosmertacular - http://z11.invisionfree.com/ReBIRTH_Forums
 * Planet Mac - http://z11.invisionfree.com/Planet_Mac
 * Trollz - http://trollz.aceboard.com/
 * Itatchiuchiha - http://itatchiuchiha.proboards.com/
 * Universal Gaming League - http://s1.zetaboards.com/UGLeague/index/
 * Reenactor Entertainment - http://forums.solesurvivorgame.co.cc/
 * Battle.net - http://forums.battle.net/
 * LiveWire - http://golivewire.com/forums/support-teen.html
 * Raptr - http://raptr.com/forums/?src=hdr
 * Xbox - http://forums.xbox.com/
 * Nintendo - http://techforums.nintendo.com/index.jspa
 * Xfire - http://www.xfire.com/forums/
 * Gaia Online - http://www.gaiaonline.com/forum
 * Jumpgate Evolution - http://us.jumpgateevolution.com/forums/
 * MyYearbook - http://www.myyearbook.com/?mysession=bWFnX2luZGV4
 * Star Trek Universe - http://stu.solesurvivorgame.co.cc/index/
 * Defense of the Ancients - http://www.playdota.com/forums/
 * AMD Game - http://forums.amd.com/game/
 * Solaris - http://forums.sun.com/index.jspa
 * Girl Gamers Facebook Group - http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=2204679477&v=app_2373072738
 * GirlGamers - http://forums.gamerstyle.com/
 * 2K Sports - http://www.2ksports.com/forums/
 * Runic Games - http://forums.runicgames.com/
 * Star Wars: The Old Republic - http://www.swtor.com/community/
 * Earthrise - http://forums.play-earthrise.com/
 * Atari - http://forums.atari.com/
 * RedBana - http://forums.redbana.com/index.php
 * NES World - http://www.nesworld.com/cgi-bin/yabb/YaBB.pl
 * Star Trek Gamers - http://www.startrek-gamers.com/forum/index.php
 * Suprbay - http://forum.suprbay.org/
 * GirlsForum - http://www.girlsforum.com/
 * SEGA - http://forums.sega.com/
 * Cosplay.com - http://www.cosplay.com/forum.php
 * Metro 2033 Forum - http://www.metro2033forum.net/index.php
 * Vocaloid Otaku - http://www.vocaloidotaku.net/
 * Frag Dolls - http://forums.ubi.com/eve/forums/a/frm/f/4091020922
 * Best Buy Unboxed - http://forums.bestbuy.com/
 * KSDK - http://www.ksdk.com/life/community/forums.aspx
 * Craigslist - http://stlouis.craigslist.org/
 * MyBB - http://community.mybb.com/
 * Sankaku Complex - http://www.sankakucomplex.com/forums/
 * High Deff Froum - http://www.highdefforum.com/
 * Twilight - http://www.thetwilightsaga.com/forum
 * The Twilight Forums - http://www.thetwilightforums.com/
 * Twilighters Anonymous - http://forum.twilightersanonymous.com/
 * Twilighted - http://twilighted.net/forum/
 * Showtime - http://www.sho.com/site/message/home.do
 * Sci Fi Channel - http://forums.scifi.com/
 * Apple - http://discussions.apple.com/index.jspa
 * Firefly MMO - http://update.multiverse.net/forum/viewforum.php?f=16&theme=multiverse
 * Buffy Boards - http://www.buffy-boards.com/
 * Buffy Forums - http://www.buffyforums.net/forums/
 * Ubisoft - http://forums.ubi.com/eve/forums
 * GameSpy Comrade - http://forums.comrade.gamespy.com/

title: User:FifthCylon


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