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Caregiving and dementia/E-learning/Lectures

This page lists recorded lectures about caregiving and dementia which have been made available through the Dementia Training Study Centres (Australia).

DTSC national E-learning lectures
Australian DTSC national lecture recordings about dementia and dementia care are available online via the E-learning lectures page.

The lecture titles and additional details are also listed below.

The Eden Principles; Do They Make a Difference?
A presentation by Sandra Downes on 22 May 2013.

Hawthorn House is a respite centre in Albany, Western Australia, run by Alzheimer’s Australia WA that provides respite for people with dementia and their carers. The Eden Principles are used in all activities and relationships at Hawthorn House. These principles are a framework for person-centred care, and seek to address the three plagues of loneliness, helplessness, and boredom. The research project was established to investigate the quality of life (QOL) of the people with dementia associated with the centre, their carers, staff and volunteers, and also to assess the effect of the Eden Principles on these people. Qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. This seminar gives an overview of the key findings from this project.

Click here to view the presentation

Proactive primary care of carers of people with dementia: Lessons learnt from a feasibility study
A presentation by A/Professor Barbara Horner on 4 June 2013.

Many people with dementia or cognitive impairment are cared for at home by family carers who may themselves be frail older adults or who may suffer from chronic conditions. There is evidence that caring has adverse impacts on carers; however, many do not seek, or delay seeking, appropriate health care. How can we assist carers to ‘care for themselves?’ Who can we empower cares to recognise their own adverse health outcomes and to seek advice and talk timely action? In a feasibility study conducted in WA, we explored a protocol to identify unmet healthcare needs of carers of people with cognitive impairment. Our results demonstrated that our approach was feasible, carers found the protocol useful and reported specific outcomes. This presentation will outline their experience as well as the challenges of implementation and engagement with GPs.

Click here to view the presentation

Delirium and Delirium Superimposed on Dementia
Guest lecture presented by Dr Judy McCrow and Dr Eamonn Eeles at QUT Kelvin Grove on 7 May 2013.

Click here to view the presentation

Medication Review Process
A presentation by Dr Andrew Stafford on 10 April 2013.

There has been a rapid rise in the number of older people with multiple medical conditions who take many medications every day. Due to the inherent risks associated with medication use, there has been a corresponding increase in the prevalence of medication-related problems in people living at home or in care facilities. These problems may result in medication-related illness, emergency department visits and hospital admissions.

This presentation will provide an overview of the different types of medication reviews conducted by pharmacists that address these medication-related problems. There will be a focus on the common medication-related problems identified in people with dementia, and how medication reviews may improve these people’s health outcomes and quality of life.

Click here to view the presentation

The Detection of Pre-symptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease: Why and How
Guest lecture presented by Professor David Ames at QUT Kelvin Grove on 11 April, 2013

Click here to view the lecture

Living with Dementia in Times of Trouble: Disaster Preparedness for People and Services
Guest Lecture presented by Dr. David Lie at QUT Kelvin Grove on 19 March 2013.

Click here to view the lecture

Update on prevention of dementia
A presentation by Professor Leon Flicker on 12 March 2013.

Cognitive decline and dementia are some of the major challenges facing ageing Australia. It is currently unknown whether there has been a change in the incidence of cognitive decline and dementia over time. Some lifestyle factors have been found to be associated with late life cognitive decline and dementia but although the evidence is promising, it is largely based on observing people rather than trials of these interventions. There is now reasonable evidence that increased physical activity and cessation of smoking may have cognitive benefits. There is less evidence for other factors such as education, social engagement, cognitive stimulation, hormonal treatment and diet.

Click here to view the presentation

Sexualities and Dementia
Guest lecture presented by Dr. Cindy Jones at QUT Kelvin Grove on 26 February 2013.

Click here to view the lecture

Environmental Design
A presentation by Professor Richard Fleming on 20 February 2013.

Professor Fleming looks at the audit tools to identify strengths and weaknesses of facilities for people with dementia and a set of 10 evidence based principles that can guide the design of new facilities and the remodelling of existing facilities for people with dementia.

Click here to view the presentation

Yarning: The art of communicating with Aboriginal People
Tuesday 31 July Associate Professor Dawn Bessarab Aboriginal Health Education and Research Unit, Curtin University Conversation is an important means of communication to share information, ideas and emotions. Different cultures have different rules,

New Initiatives in Community Dementia Care
Tuesday 21 August 2012 Karen Malone –McCusker Nurse, ‘The McCusker Nurse Service’ Sarah White– Senior Project Officer –

Best Practice and Innovation in Dementia Care. A breakfast forum with Ita Buttrose AO, OBE
Renowned communicator and Alzheimer’s Australia National President, Ita Buttrose AO, OBE will outline the role of public policy in influencing quality dementia care and the need for greater research and innovation into care.

Understanding Younger Onset Dementia
14 June 2012 Dr Adrienne Withall

The Care and Treatment of People with Dementia
Monday 28 May 2012 Professor Sube Banerjee, MBBS MD MSc FRCPsych Presented by Alzheimer’s Australia WA in partnership with the WA Dementia Training Study Centre and the Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute. This public lecture recorded

Best Practice Pharmacy
Wednesday 23 May 2012 Dr Kreshnik Hoti, Curtin University School of Pharmacy This lecture describes treatments available in dementia with a focus on medications that can worsen cognition. Dr Hoti also discusses the importance of monitoring medication

When do you stop living with dementia and start dying from it?
10 May 2012 Video Conference Workshop originally broadcast through the WA Country Health Service (WACHS) Shannon Tassell, Clinical Nurse Consultant, Nurse Practitioner, The Pursuits Group This Workshop originally broadcast through the WA Country Health Service (WACHS)

A Gardner’s Guide to Culture Change in Dementia Care
Thursday 26 April 2012 Jason Burton Manager, Research and Consultancy Services, Alzheimer’s Australia WA. A person centred approach to support people living with dementia requires an appropriate social and cultural environment as well as an appropriate

Dual Diagnosis and Complex Clinical Presentations for People With Dementia
19 April 2012 Professor Brian Draper University of New South Wales (1 hour 25 minutes 41 seconds)

Medications and dementia
Wednesday 21 March, 2012 Dr Nick Bretland, Rowethorpe Medical Centre. Older people are often prescribed multiple drugs to support their complex health needs. While medication can improve a person’s quality of life there may also be

Assessment of Dementia is more than Diagnosis
22 November 2011 Professor Henry Brodaty University of New South Wales 1 hour 28 minutes 45 seconds

Naming the Elephants in the Room – Reflections on working in a multicultural dementia environment
Wednesday 16th November, 2011 Mihaela Safta, Former Project Officer Multicultural Communities, Alzheimer’s Australia WA Cultural competence is an emerging field, with efforts to define and implement the principles of cultural competence still ongoing. While cultural competence

Changing Worlds – Moving to a relationship based philosophy of care
Tuesday 25th October, 2011 Jason Burton, Manager, Research and Consultancy Services, Alzheimer’s Australia WA ‘Changing Worlds – Moving to a relationship based philosophy of care’ This seminar addresses the importance of the social environment to implementing

The Communities of Practice in Dementia project
Wednesday 21st September, 2011 Associate Professor Chris Toye, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin University From June 2010, until mid 2011, health professionals with a passion for enhancing best practice and care continuity for very frail

Creating Enabling Environments
Tuesday 30th August, 2011 Jason Burton, manager, Research and Consultancy Services, Alzheimer’s Association WA There is a growing evidence base of the effect the built environment has on people living with dementia. This seminar discusses current

Dementia in Acute Care Settings: Assessing the Quality of Care of Older Persons
18 August 2011 Professor Len Grey University of Queensland 1 hour 13 minutes 40 seconds

Assistive Technology for people with dementia
Tuesday 5th July, 2011 Caroline Rey OT, Assistive Equipment Service, Independent Living Centre And Claire Morrisby, OT, Assistive Technology, Alzheimer’s Australia WA As the population of people with dementia increases and with advances in technology it

Dementia and Public Health
21 June 2011 Dr Davie Lie Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane 1 hour 26 minutes 48 seconds

How to create an appropriate program for a younger person living with dementia
Wednesday 15th June 2011 Tara Stringfellow, Early Intervention Coordinator; Marlene Grogan, Mary Chester Centre Coordinator and Hannah Tebbit, Younger Onset Dementia project Coordinator, Alzheimer’s Australia WA Current services are not always appropriate for this people with

Experiences and management of dementia-related stigma in an Australian population: implications for practice
Wednesday 25th May, 2011 Professor Barbara Horner Director, Centre for Research on Ageing Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute Professor Horner presents the findings of a research project which examined how people with dementia and their carers

End of life planning for people with dementia
Public forum Tuesday, 19th April, 2011 Professor Colleen Cartwright Foundation Professor of Aged Services Director, Aged Services Unit, Southern Cross University This seminar is based on Professor Cartwright’s recent paper, ‘Planning for the end of life

Dementia in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities:Assessment and Beyond
16 March 2011 Dr Edward Strivens Cairns Base Hospital 1 hour 8 minutes 49 seconds

What is going on? Psychological assessment and intervention with people aged 55+ years with possible cognitive changes and/or emotional issues
Tuesday 15th March, 2011 Geoff Jones, Registered Clinical Psychologist Moss Street Centre East Fremantle Medical Centre & Mandurah This presentation discusses the role of Clinical Psychologists in assessment of people concerned that they are experiencing memory

Dementia Prevention and Risk Reduction
23 February 2011 Dr David Lie Princess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane 1 hour 30 minutes 54 seconds

Dementia and dementia care through an ethical lens
Wednesday 23 February 2011 Associate Professor Stephan Millet Chair, Curtin University Human Research Ethics Committee, Foundation Director Curtin Centre for Applied Ethics and Philosophy Dementia presents ethical challenges and also challenges the principles that underpin Western

Decisional Capacity
9 November 2010 Prof Elizabeth Beattie Queensland University of Technology 1 hour 29 minutes

Taking it to the Streets: A Systems Approach to Implementing Interventions in Long-term Care
28 September 2010 Dr Lou Burgio, University of Michigan 1 hour 14 minutes 29 seconds

Dementia and Risk: Contested Territories of Everyday Life
19 August 2010 Prof Charlotte Clarke 57 minutes 18 seconds

1. Measuring quality of life for people with dementia
Professor Barbara Horner 2010 Barbara discussed issues surrounding measuring quality of life for people with dementia by addressing the following questions:

What is ‘Quality of Life’? From whose perspective should quality of life be measured?…

2. Oral Health
Clive Rogers – The Visiting Dentist 2010

Objectives/Presentation outline: Briefly discuss the nature of and current knowledge about two common oral diseases; tooth decay and gum disease. Introduction to the daily management care of tooth …

3. Younger Onset Dementia
Tara Stringfellow – Early Intervention Coordinator, Alzheimer’s Australia WA 2010

Having a diagnosis of Younger Onset Dementia provides unique challenges. A younger person may be more physically and socially active in the community and yet …

4. Delirium: What is it, why is it important and what do we do about it?
Malcolm Hare NM, Informatics Support, Nursing Research, Evaluation and Informatics, Fremantle Hospital, 2010

Delirium is a temporary disorder of cognition that affects all patient populations and can have devastating after-effects. It occurs in all health …

5. Secrets of Sleep
Debbie Duignan, Senior Behaviour Consultant and Louise Jones, Behaviour Consultant Dementia Behaviour Management Advisory Service (DBMAS) 2010

A practical presentation based on the work of behaviour consultants within DBMAS. An outline of the difficulties with …

6. Perspectives of quality of life among people with dementia living in the community and care facilities
A/Prof Christopher Beer, A/Prof in Geriatric Medicine,University of Western Australia, Geriatrician and Clinical Pharmacologist and Pascalle Bosboom, Clinical Neuropsychologist, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, UWA, WA Centre for Health and Ageing (WACHA) 2010

The …

7. Prevention of Dementia
Professor Leon Flicker WA Centre for Health and Ageing (WACHA) Centre for Medical Research The University of Western Australia 2010

A summary of current evidence linking the development of Alzheimer’s Disease to some vascular and …

Amana Living First Support Service
Sue Dicker and Pip Wharton 2009 Sue Dicker and Pip Wharton will present information on the First Support Service. Amana Living First Support Service is an innovative, early intervention model of service delivery that seeks to

Facilitating Change in Acute Care
Pam Nichols 2009 Pam Nichols will discuss two inititives which focus on increasing knowledge and awareness for health care professionals working with people with dementia in the acute care environment. These initives are the Acute Care

Dementia Monitoring Program and Community Inclusion
Wendy Francis from Perth Home Care Services 2009 Wendy Francis will outline the dementia monitoring program and discuss person centered planning using inclusion tools.

Dementia in Indigenous Rural, Remote Communities
Dr Leon Flicker 2009 Dr Leon Flicker’s presentation will discuss the development, implementation and evaluation of Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment tool (KICA). The aim of the KICA was develop and validate a cognitive assessment and informant

Dementia and Restraint: Reducing the Use of Restraint in Residential Aged Care
Jan Timmons 2009 Jan Timmons ‘s presentation focuses on strategies on reducing the use of restraints in residential care. Some of these strategies include:
 * 1) Review policies and procedures
 * 2) Making it more difficult to restrain
 * 3) Comprehensive assessments

Come and Talk with Me: Promoting Positive Communication Strategies in Dementia Care
Jade Cartright 2009 Jade Cartwight will discuss how to understand the nature and extent of communication difficulties in dementia. She will then talk about applying a client centered care to communication management and discuss a range

Contemporary Extensions of the Person Centred Approach
Geoff Jones 2009 Geoff Jones will discuss about a person centered approach to care and debate its implications to practice. Geoff will review three extensions to relationship centred care and their implications for practice. In particular

A Palliative Approach for People who have Dementia
Associate Professor Chris Toye 2009 This presentation will describe using a palliative approach to care for someone living with dementia. Chris Toye will also discuss how to obtain the best possible palliative outcomes for people and

Vascular Dementia
Liz Graham 2009 Liz Graham will present information about vascular dementia. She will initially focus on the progression of the disease and how it develops in a stepwise fashion. Liz will then discuss the management of

Mobility Strategies and Safe Handling of People with Dementia
Veronica Naughton, Senior Occupational Therapist, Independent Living Centre 2009 Veronica discusses the physical and behavioral changes that occur when someone is living with dementia.Â She discusses some of the barriers to mobility and Veronica describes some

The Effect of Environmental Change on People with Dementia
Lynne Hedley – Manager, DBMAS 2009 Lynne Hedley will present strategies that could be used to plan admission for a person into a new environment. She will also identify the loss that a person may experience

Exercise for the prevention and management of dementia
Professor Rob Newton 2009 Rob Newton will present information concerning the positive impact that exercise can have not only on the management but also prevention of dementia. Rob will explain how exercise improves both the psychological

Dementia or Delirium or Depression
Dr Nick Bretland 2009 Dr Nick Bretland will discuss the differences in presentation and management of dementia, delirium and depression. Dr Bretland will explore each of the above conditions and discuss both their medical and nursing

Adapting Assessment Techniques
Flo Munro 2009 Flo Munro will discuss adapting assessments techniques to suit the needs of people living with dementia. She will promote thought about how to ensure that the people with dementia in care receive adequate

Delirium
Associate Professor Dianne Wynaden RN, PhD 2009 Dianne Wynaden will discuss how over 50% of delirium cases remain undiagnosed resulting in large financial and emotional costs to both the organisation and the family. Dianne discusses the risk

The impact of the Environment on Behaviour; It doesn’t cost much to make a change
Speakers: Karen Malone and Louise Jones 2009 Karen and Louise work as behaviour consultants with the WA Dementia Behaviour Management Advisory Service (DBMAS). In their presentation they discuss various issues related to the potential impact of

Treating the Symptoms of Dementia
Saloni Shah 2009 Using a case scenario as a basis, Saloni talks about different ways of treating dementia symptoms. Specific issues covered include:
 * 1) Non-pharmacological strategies
 * 2) Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine: their benefits and effectiveness
 * 3) Antipsychotics
 * 4) The importance

Pain and Behaviour in Persons with Dementia
Thomas Fischer 2009 In this seminar, a joint initiative between WADTSC and the AAG (WA), Thomas Fischer speaks about a range of issues related to pain, its assessment and management, drawing on relevant research evidence

Restraint across the Aged Care Spectrum
Philippa Wharton 2009 Philippa provides an overview of restraint, including its use historically and currently. Various alternatives to the use of restraint are also considered, and some case scenarios presented. Specific topics covered in the

Elder Abuse & Advocacy
Speakers: Anne Pike, Dianne Barker and Melissa Jones 2009 Anne, Dianne and Melissa discuss a variety of issues related to elder abuse, with a focus on people with dementia. A number of case studies are presented

Dementia: An Overview of Assessment & Management for Health Professionals
Dr Maria Foundas 2009 Dr Maria Foundas is a Consultant Physician at Royal Perth Hospital and delivers an overview of dementia management. Specifically she discussed:

Overview of Dementia
Neuroanatomy and functional correlates Dementia subtypes Assessment … Delirium – What is it and What do we do about it?

Malcolm Hare 2009 Malcolm Hare discusses the assessment and management of delirium and discusses:
 * 1) What is delirium and what are the risk factors
 * 2) How to differentiate delirium from depression and dementia
 * 3) Use of the Confusion

Self Care for Health Professionals: Looking after yourself
Speakers: Jo Bower and Arianne Cummins 2009 Jo and Arianne talk about the importance of self care for health care professionals and discuss:
 * 1) Why self care is important
 * 2) How to resist and manage messages of stress
 * How

Dementia and Continence Care
Dee Sutcliff 2009 Dee discusses incontinence with people living with dementia and specifically:
 * 1) Describes what is meant by continence care
 * 2) Describes the effects of dementia on bladder and bowel function, including incontinence
 * 3) Lists ways in

Assistive Technology: Who are we assisting?
26 February 2009 Professor Barbara Horner Barbara Horner discussed the use of assistive technology (AT) and listed some of its benefits:

Assist health care professionals to manage data and improve communication Assist in the monitoring and …

Involving people with dementia in research: Experiences from the UK

 * Prof John Keady
 * Prof Keady will outline some of the key findings from research by the Dementia and Ageing Research Team at the University of Manchester, as well as identifying other areas of good practice in the UK.

Avoiding high tech through high touch in advanced dementia: the Namaste Care Program

 * Prof Esther Chang
 * End of life care inclusive of advanced care planning is frequently an omission in the care of people dying from dementia. This presentation discusses the outcomes of a study on an innovative model of care implemented for people with advanced dementia - the Namaste Care program.
 * Esther Chang is a Professor of Nursing and currently holds the position of Director of Higher Degree Research and Undergraduate Honors Programs in the School of Nursing and Midwifery and is the leader of the Aged and Palliation Research stream, University of Western Sydney. She has worked in academia since 1986 with three tertiary institutions. She has been a Head of School, Dean of the Faculty of Health, Acting Pro Vice-Chancellor Academic, Director of International and Business and Director of Research in the School of nursing and Midwifery at the University of Western Sydney. Her commitment to aged care practice commenced in 1987 and she has a 20-plus year record of funded research grants in priorities for clinical practice and education, long term disability, aged care and palliation. She has developed models of care for acutely ill elderly patients and clients with end-stage dementia.

Age friendly housing and people with dementia

 * Barbara Squires, Head, Research and Advocacy, IRT
 * Older Australians want to remain in their own homes as long as possible, and to have care brought to them if and when they need it. Not all homes are suitable as settings for care, and Australia needs a greater supply of housing that is appropriate, well located and affordable. Two overseas organisations, Humanitas in the Netherlands and ExtraCare in the UK, provide great examples of new models of housing and care that are very popular with older people. Both can be described as “apartments for life” and both provide a good quality of life for a wide range of older people, including those with dementia. Exploring what they have in common, how they differ and what works well challenges our assumptions of the inevitability of residential care.

Pain in people living with dementia

 * Sharon Wall, Manager, Koori Dementia Care Project (KDCP); Independent Clinical Gerontologist, Ageing by Caring Pty Ltd; Knowledge Translation Project Manager, Dementia Collaborative Research Centre
 * Research continues to provide evidence regarding the impact of pain in people living with dementia. But it is the translation of that evidence into practice which will enhance the quality of care for this cohort. This presentation provides an overview of the development of a module of information, with that specific aim.

Misunderstanding Dementia: Issues in Providing a Palliative Approach to Care for People with Dementia Resident in Aged Care Facilities

 * Professor Andrew Robinson
 * Andrew Robinson is Professor of Aged Care Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Co-Director, Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre (WDREC) and Associate Dean (Research), Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of Tasmania. As Co-Director of WDREC, Andrew oversees projects that span health services, clinical and biomedical research, and education and workforce capacity, to tackle the leading issues related to the increasing numbers of people with dementia.

Environmental changes in residential care plus intergenerational programs and countering malignant social psychology

 * Colin McDonnell
 * Colin is a Registered Nurse and has completed his Masters degree in Health Science Aged Services. Colin has presented nationally and internationally at conferences on intergenerational programs for people living with dementia. The program to be presented has won The Positive Living in Aged Care Award, A Better Practice Award and The Mental Health Services International Mental Health Award for intergenerational programs for people living with dementia.
 * The presentation will include therapeutic gardens, babies and mothers groups in a Dementia unit as well as a social inclusion program designed for people living with dementia visiting a community pre-school. The presentation also discusses the concepts of Malignant Social Psychology.

Cultural Diversity and Dementia: Promises and Pitfalls in our Understandings

 * Dr Chris Shanley and Yvonne Santalucia
 * Understanding the impact of a person’s cultural background is a crucial aspect of providing high quality dementia care. This presentation will give a brief overview of research that has occurred on this topic in Australia, outline key findings from this research and explore some of the hazards and limitations in our current understandings. The presentation will also outline some current initiatives, including the work of the National Cross Cultural Dementia Network.

The Early Detection of Vascular Cognitive Impairment

 * Professor Henry Weinstein
 * Professor Weinstein is lead researcher in an Amsterdam project that promotes the better control of patients with hypertension in general practice, to determine whether targeting a specific vascular risk factor will prevent or slow-down in cognitive decline and dementia; and, whether such an intervention is efficacious. In addition, an exercise program is part of the regime of better management of hypertension within this cohort study. Prof Weinstein will enlighten us on the progress of the project to date. He will also discuss his ideas on “A new concept of senile dementia and the importance of vascular risk factors and other life style factors impacting on cognitive decline”.
 * Professor Weinstein will discuss how several international cohort studies have shown that vascular risk factors including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, obesity, smoking and lack of physical exercise in midlife and, to a lesser extent in late life, are associated with an increased risk of dementia.

What difference does the environment make to the wellbeing of people with dementia: New research, a new approach to the assessment of the environment and an international comparison

 * Professor Richard Fleming, 12 October, 2011
 * Professor Fleming will report on the results of recent research which throws new light on the contribution that the environment makes to the lives of people with dementia in residential aged care. He will go on to compare Australian dementia specific facilities with the best in Norway, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of both.
 * Participants will be invited to try out a new, and relatively exciting, way of assessing residential care facilities.
 * Link to lecture recording, UoW
 * More details

Dementia and Retirement from Driving: People with Dementia and their Carers Critique Available Tools

 * Cathie Andrew, Associate Professor Victoria Traynor and Dr John Carmody
 * Driving is a complex task demanding cognitive and physical skills which can be compromised by dementia. Some people are reluctant to accept decisions made about the need to retire from driving. This lecture will discuss the findings of a study conducted by Cathie Andrew, Associate Professor Victoria Traynor and Professor Don Iverson, which sought to identify appropriate elements to include in a decisional support resource to enhance acceptance of potential driving retirement for drivers with dementia.

Palliative and End of Life Care for People with Dementia: Some Ethical and Practice Issues

 * Dr Fiona Kelly, University of Stirling
 * Dr Fiona Kelly is a lecturer at the Dementia Services Development Centre, University of Stirling, Scotland; teaching on the Post Graduate Cert/Dip/MSc distance learning programme in dementia studies. She is also a practicing nurse and has cared for people with dementia for the past 18 years. She has a strong commitment to improving practice in the support and care of people with dementia, in particular those who live in long term care.

The Psychologist’s Role on the Care of People with Dementia

 * Dr Deborah Koder
 * Dr Deborah Koder has spent over 20 years working exclusively with older clients. Her main research and clinical interest is in applying cognitive behavioural techniques to older people. She has a private practice in Northern Sydney and also works in an aged care rehabilitation hospital.
 * There is increasing awareness of the role of psychological factors in the assessment and management of dementia. Dr Deborah Koder will speak about the use of psychotherapy, including cognitive behaviour therapy, with this population, as well as an approach to the management of challenging behaviours in dementia. Opportunities for psychologist in aged care will also be discussed.

Researching and Delivering Humour in Dementia Care

 * Dr Peter Spitzer
 * Dr Peter Spitzer is the Founding Chairman, Medical Director and a co-founder of The Humour Foundation, a national charity in Australia. The Humour Foundation’s Clown Doctor program currently has 55 Clown Doctors who visit paediatric as well as general hospitals in all states in Australia. In hospitals he operates as Dr Fruit-Loop prescribing smiles, dispensing mirth and often leaving his patients in stitches.
 * Dr Spitzer is also the principal in a general medical practice in Bowral in New South Wales Australia. He initiated and travelled with fellow Clown Doctors to war-torn East Timor in 2000. In 2002, Dr Spitzer spent 3 months in USA, UK and Europe on a Churchill Fellowship Scholarship ‘To study overseas-based clown doctor programs and their impact on the health care system’.
 * In 2003 he developed the LaughterBoss concept in aged care and presented this at ‘The 1st National Conference on Challenging Depression in Aged Care’ in Sydney, Australia.
 * Dr Spitzer is involved in a landmark, 3-year (2009 -2011) NH&MRC-funded SMILE (Sydney Multisite Intervention of LaughterBosses and ElderClowns) Study to research the impact of humour therapy in dementia care.
 * This presentation reviews the NHMRC - funded SMILE Study 2009 - 2011: A randomised controlled trial of humour therapy in residential care. Practical aspects of introducing performing artists and engaging healthcare staff are also be discussed.

Dementia and Hypertension Workshop

 * Michael Venezuela
 * The Illawarra Division of General Practice received funding from NSW Health to implement a GP Dementia Risk Reduction Project in local general practices. The project aims to educate GPs and PNs in general practice settings on the link between hypertension (high blood pressure) and dementia in the 45-64 year age group, encourage the application of blood pressure screening with this target group and the implementation of strategies with patients that seek to avoid or minimise the risk of hypertension and dementia over the long term. This lecture was delivered by the Illawarra Division of General Practice in partnership with the NSW / ACT DTSC.

'Specialling' and Older People with Dementia and/or Delirium: Exploring the Evidence Base for Practice

 * Professor Jan Dewing
 * Professor Dewing joined the School of Nursing Midwifery and Indigenous Health at the University of Wollongong in 2008 in a post that is part of a partnership between the University and Uniting AgedCare South Eastern Region. Professor Dewing leads the 'Aspire to Inspire Person-centred Culture Practice Development Program'.
 * In the UK Professor Dewing works between East Sussex Health Care NHS Trust and Canterbury Christchurch University (England) as Head of/Professor of Person-centred Research and Practice Development focusing on mutually beneficially initiatives that bring desired outcomes for both organisations and ultimately for the patient 's experience of care and patient safety.
 * In many general hospital and aged care settings ‘specialling’ or special observation is a common practice activity. This lecture is presented by Professor Jan Dewing, Visiting Professor Aged Care and Practice Development University of Wollongong. Professor Dewing summarises the state of current published research on special observations in regard to older persons with dementia and/or delirium and also makes recommendations for practice.

Educating Doctors and Nurses on How to Recognise and Manage Dementia: Successes and Failures

 * Professor Dimity Pond
 * Professor Pond has been a speaker at many national and international conferences. She has both practical experience as a current general practitioner in clinical practice, and a history of research grants and publications in general practice research. She has focused her research on dementia, depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and has taken a particular interest in developing and evaluating strategies for improving the way in which GPs and practice nurses recognise dementia and help people manage it.
 * In this lecture, Professor Pond describes some of the successful strategies that have been developed as a result of her work and allows us to learn from the experience gained with one or two less successful efforts.

Dementia and Mess: Guidelines Regarding Intervention

 * Dr John Snowdon
 * Imagine a reclusive elderly person living alone in a dilapidated filthy house. The home is cluttered with rubbish and infested with vermin. Excrement and decomposing food are strewn around the floors and the stench emanating is unbearable to all but the occupant, who is blissfully unconcerned by the situation.
 * What do you do, especially when the person is living with dementia?

Dementia in Indigenous People: Risk Factors and Service Development

 * Dr. Simon Chalkley
 * The life journey of indigenous people exposes them to a variety of risks associated with the development of dementia. This lecture describes those risks and the plans that are being made to build capacity to reduce them. Dr. Simon Chalkley, MBBF, FRACP, PhD. is a physician, specialist geriatrician and consultant endocrinologist working in the Prince of Wales Hospital and in the aboriginal clinic at la Perouse. He has extensive experience in providing care to chronically ill indigenous people, especially those with dementia.

Lost Before Translation: Dementia and Persons from CALD Backgrounds

 * Dr. Lee-Fay Low
 * Are persons from CALD backgrounds more at risk of getting dementia? What are the challenges (and possible solutions) for management of these persons? This lecture addresses these questions and many others. Dr. Lee-Fay Low (BSc Psych (Hons), PhD) is an NHMRC Postdoctoral Research Fellow at the Dementia Collaborative Research Centre for Assessment and Better Care Outcomes at UNSW. She leads the Community Care research node.

Younger Onset Dementia

 * Dr Adrienne Withall
 * There is a growing awareness of the plight of people with early onset dementia but services are yet to catch up with their needs. This lecture explores those needs. Dr Adrienne Withall is a Research Fellow at the Dementia Collaborative Research Centre for Assessment and Better Care based at the University of New South Wales.

Person-Centred Care as Caring for Country

 * Faye McMillan, David Kampers and Dr Victoria Traynor
 * The Lecture presents a model of person centred dementia care with relevancy for Indigenous communities in Australia. This model adds new dimensions to existing person centred care models. The model was built from an acknowledgement that practitioners need to understand healthcare for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities by exploring the inequities of health in Australia and by appreciating the ‘two worlds’ we live within. Within the model, there is an explicit acknowledgement of the importance of Country for health and explaining the impact of dementia on Community. The Lecture will explore how using this new model can provide insight into dementia within Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Communities.

Technology Assists People with Dementia: Science Fiction, Wishful Thinking or Fact?

 * Professor Richard Fleming
 * The Primary Dementia Collaborative Research Centre has supported a systematic review of the assistive technology literature looking specifically for evidence of the positive effects of assistive technology on improving independence, safety and security, communication and carer support and providing therapeutic interventions for people with dementia. Richard Fleming describes the findings of this review and identifies those technologies which may have direct application to current practice.

The NSW/ACT Dementia Training Study Centre and Knowledge Translation

 * Professor Richard Fleming & Dr Tom White
 * Richard Fleming and Tom White explore the relationships between the NSW/ACT DTSC, the Dementia Collaborative Research Centres, the aged and health care sectors and all those trained and training health or aged care professionals who need to be informed about developments in the care of people with dementia. The challenge of translating knowledge into practice is described and the audience is invited to offer advice.


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Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere

Please see the WikiBook here and join and support the cause here!

The 1918 flu pandemic killed more people than WWI. There is a current (2012) new swine flu in India which could become a world wide issue next winter (2013).

INTRODUCTORY LECTURE
A recommended lecture by Dr. Larry Brilliant in 2007 is still highly relevant.

Another longish lecture may be found here.

OVERVIEW OF COURSE
This resource is designed to support a worldwide campaign to "train the trainers" - people who work as volunteers or professionals interacting with vulnerable populations such as refugees, the homeless, detainees and people living in conditions of poverty.

Remember it is not a matter of if but when another global pandemic will strike!

RECOMMENDED READING
FLU Gina Kolata From Publishers Weekly: "It was a plague so deadly that if a similar virus were to strike today, it would kill more people in a single year than heart disease, cancers, strokes, chronic pulmonary disease, AIDS and Alzheimer's disease combined." Between 20 million and 100 million people worldwide died in the 1918 flu pandemic, but for years afterward this deadliest plague in history was almost completely forgotten. Histories and even medical texts rarely mentioned it. This disconnect between the flu's devastation and its obscurity is the starting point for Kolata's incisive history. She explains how the plague spread, covers the various speculations about its causes and origins and gives an account of the search to retrieve a specimen of the virus strain once genetic science had advanced enough to unravel the virus's mysteries. Tissue samplesAfrom an obese woman buried in the permafrost of Alaska and from two soldiers who died in army campsApreserved by the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology in thumb-sized bits of paraffin prove to be the last remaining sources of the 1918 strain. Kolata, a science writer for the New York Times and author of Clone, profiles the scientists who tracked down these samples, follows their investigations and explains their conclusions. Could such a deadly flu appear again? Many scientists fear it could, hence their quick response to the 1997 outbreak of chicken flu in Hong Kong, which led to the slaughter of 1.2 million birds and, Kolata argues, averted another worldwide disaster. Clearly explaining both the science and the social toll of the pandemic, Kolata writes an admirable history and soberly spells out how the U.S. government is preparedAor unpreparedAfor a similar public health threat today. (Nov.) Copyright 1999 Reed Business Information, Inc. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title SOURCE: http://www.amazon.com/Flu-Influenza-Pandemic-Search-Caused/dp/0743203984

WIKIBOOK
Please see the WikiBook here!

Chapter 1 Introduction

Chapter 2 A. What you need to know about viruses

Chapter 2 B. Pathogenic bacteria

Chapter 3 Basic information on infectious disease

Chapter 4 Basic information on epidemics

Chapter 6 Swine flu basics

Chapter 7 Cough Hygiene

Appendix Resources

VIDEO RESOURCES
"What You Need to Know"

Google up the trailer to CONTAGION and rent it from Redbox.

OUTBREAK Official Trailer Dustin Hoffmann stars in this 1995 classic.Portions may still be visible online but highly segmented; best to rent it at Redbox. Class discussion question: how much of this could be real?

VIRUS full movie online, free. 1980. Surviving scientists seek cure for epidemic. Doomsday scenario certainly overblown - it mixes nuclear holocaust - but surprisingly realist for 1980. Class discussion question: how much of this could be real?

CONTACT INSTRUCTOR
Post questions in the discussion page or the talk page here or at wikibooks of Geof Bard.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere


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Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere/Introduction

This module helps you interpret the WikiBook http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Teach_Cough_Hygiene_Everywhere/Introduction

What was the worst epidemic of all time?


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Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere/Pathogenic bacteria

Are the worse plagues cause by bacteria or flu?

What other pathogens are there?

Which diseases do they cause?


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Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere/Basic info on viruses

This module helps you whiz through the corresponding chapter on the Wikibook.

Is flu always viral? What distinguishes viruses from bacteria? Why is flu called HxNx?

Supplemental reading: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/06/health/amateur-biologists-are-new-fear-in-making-a-mutant-flu-virus.html?scp=4&sq=flu&st=cse


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Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere/Epidemic

How do epidemics spread?

What is the emergency response to them?

title: Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere/Epidemic


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Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere/Swine flu

Where do swine flus originate?

(Be sure to watch the Dr. Brilliant video on this whole issue!)

+supplemental readings=

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/02/120223103918.htm Swine influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory disease of pigs caused by type A influenza viruses that regularly cause outbreaks of influenza in pigs. Influenza viruses that commonly circulate in swine are called “swine influenza viruses” or “swine flu viruses.” Like human influenza viruses, there are different subtypes and strains of swine influenza viruses. The main swine influenza viruses circulating in U.S. pigs in recent years are:

swine triple reassortant (tr) H1N1 influenza virus trH3N2 virus trH1N2 virus

Swine flu viruses do not normally infect humans. However, sporadic human infections with swine influenza viruses have occurred. When this happens, these viruses are called “variant viruses.” http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/

Why are human infections with variant viruses of concern?

Influenza viruses that infect pigs are different from human influenza viruses. Thus, influenza vaccines made against human influenza viruses are generally not expected to protect people from influenza viruses that normally circulate in pigs. In addition, because pigs are susceptible to avian, human and swine influenza viruses, they potentially may be infected with influenza viruses from different species (e.g., ducks and humans) at the same time. If this happens, it is possible for the genes of these viruses to mix and create a new virus that could spread easily from person-to-person. (That is called "antigenic shift and is how pandemics occur.") SOURCE http://www.cdc.gov/flu/swineflu/keyfacts-variant.htm This is what happened in 2009 when an influenza A H1N1 virus with swine, avian and human genes emerged in the spring of 2009 and caused the first pandemic in more than 40 years. SOURCE: Ibid


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User:Bgm2011

--Bgm2011 (talk) 08:07, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

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User talk:Bgm2011

--Bgm2011 (talk) 08:07, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

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User talk:Spark93/enes100/my work 2

Good job looking up possible designs for the frame! Jromanch0088 (talk) 14:25, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

Thanks for doing lots of carpentry, helping assemble the seesaw, and testing stuff! Shatton8111 (talk) 17:05, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

Hey, that's great about the DC motors working! We should probably see the differences in what code we have now and find out what we could use for the helicopter flight control. Shatton8111 (talk) 20:34, 10 April 2012 (UTC)

Good job getting the motor up and spinning! Im glad we can get them spinning without any problem now! Jromanch0088 (talk) 01:24, 11 April 2012 (UTC)

week 2 and 3 grading 1sfoerster (talk) 18:51, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
 * 0/5/0 ... found a week for plan that was it

week 4 p2 grading 1sfoerster (talk) 14:43, 18 April 2012 (UTC)
 * 0/0/0 ... to motors running with one arduino?? how does this relate to the project ... have had two motors running with one arduino for some time now ... are you improving upon the tutorial, building a tutorial to make this easier for the next class to learn? where are the improvments?

Hey, that's pretty cool. I agree with 1sfoerster, a tutorial would be really great if you're interested. Shatton8111 (talk) 17:13, 23 April 2012 (UTC)

week 1 p3 grading 1sfoerster (talk) 20:15, 24 April 2012 (UTC)
 * 10/5/30 ... good video .. need more documentation of your team mates work .. good start .. need positive comments of yours on team mates pages

title: User talk:Spark93/enes100/my work 2


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Dominant group/History

"History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. ... It is a field of research which uses a narrative to examine and analyse the sequence of events, and it sometimes attempts to investigate objectively the patterns of cause and effect that determine events. "

Dominant group has a long history for a two-word term that dates from 1826 and probably earlier.

History
History is the study of past events.

History starts with events, particularly in human affairs.

These events are in the past.

As these events are no longer here in the present, they cannot be studied directly.

Sometimes there is a whole series of events connected with someone or something.

A continuous, typically chronological, record of important or public events or of a particular trend or institution is studied as a history of these events.

Dominant group
Examples from primary sources are to be used to prove or disprove each hypothesis. These can be collected per subject or in general.

 * 1) Accident hypothesis: dominant group is an accident of whatever processes are operating.
 * 2) Artifact hypothesis: dominant group may be an artifact of human endeavor or may have preceded humanity.
 * 3) Association hypothesis: dominant group is associated in some way with the original research.
 * 4) Bad group hypothesis: dominant group is the group that engages in discrimination, abuse, punishment, and additional criminal activity against other groups. It often has an unfair advantage and uses it to express monopolistic practices.
 * 5) Control group hypothesis: there is a control group that can be used to study dominant group.
 * 6) Entity hypothesis: dominant group is an entity within each field where a primary author of original research uses the term.
 * 7) Evolution hypothesis: dominant group is a product of evolutionary processes, such groups are the evolutionary process, produce evolutionary processes, or are independent of evolutionary processes.
 * 8) Identifier hypothesis: dominant group is an identifier used by primary source authors of original research to identify an observation in the process of analysis.
 * 9) Importance hypothesis: dominant group signifies original research results that usually need to be explained by theory and interpretation of experiments.
 * 10) Indicator hypothesis: dominant group may be an indicator of something as yet not understood by the primary author of original research.
 * 11) Influence hypothesis: dominant group is included in a primary source article containing original research to indicate influence or an influential phenomenon.
 * 12) Interest hypothesis: dominant group is a theoretical entity used by scholarly authors of primary sources for phenomena of interest.
 * 13) Metadefinition hypothesis: all uses of dominant group by all primary source authors of original research are included in the metadefinition for dominant group.
 * 14) Null hypothesis: there is no significant or special meaning of dominant group in any sentence or figure caption in any refereed journal article.
 * 15) Object hypothesis: dominant group is an object within each field where a primary author of original research uses the term.
 * 16) Obvious hypothesis: the only meaning of dominant group is the one found in Mosby's Medical Dictionary.
 * 17) Original research hypothesis: dominant group is included in a primary source article by the author to indicate that the article contains original research.
 * 18) Primordial hypothesis: dominant group is a primordial concept inherent to humans such that every language or other form of communication no matter how old or whether extinct, on the verge of extinction, or not, has at least a synonym for dominant group.
 * 19) Purpose hypothesis: dominant group is written into articles by authors for a purpose.
 * 20) Regional hypothesis: dominant group, when it occurs, is only a manifestation of the limitations within a region. Variation of those limitations may result in the loss of a dominant group with the eventual appearance of a new one or none at all.
 * 21) Source hypothesis: dominant group is a source within each field where a primary author of original research uses the term.
 * 22) Term hypothesis: dominant group is a significant term that may require a 'rigorous definition' or application and verification of an empirical definition.

Angiosperms
“The Plant life of this Period was of a very varied and luxuriant character, and the Angiosperms had now become the dominant group.”

Enzymes
"It appears to us that the only interpretation that can be placed upon the facts as they are now known to us is that the acceptor is a radicle which is very closely allied to, if not identical with, a dominant group in the hydrolyte."

Ethnography
"While the human groups are many and diverse, they are conveniently combined in two categories: first, the natural or consanguineal or kinship group in which the unit is the ethnos; and second, the artificial or essentially social group in which the unit is the demos. The ethnos, or ethnic group, is the homologue of the varietal or specific group of animals; it is the dominant group in lower savagery, but its influence on human life wanes upward, to practically disappear in enlightenment except as retained in the structure of the family. The demos is the product of intelligence applied to the regulation of human affairs; it has no true homologue among animals; its importance waxes as that of the ethnos wanes from savagery through barbarism and civilization and thence into enlightenment."

Medicine
"[P]atients of the microangiopathy-dominant group were significantly older, had a longer duration of diabetes, higher systolic blood pressure, and were more likely to be treated with insulin and have a family history of diabetes, compared with the no complications group."

Notation: let the symbol PD stand for Parkinson's disease.

Notation: let the symbol UPSIT stand for University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test-40.

"We then evaluated predictors of reduced UPSIT scores within the tremor-dominant group. Overall, olfaction did not differ between tremor-dominant PD and regular PD; however, the subgroup of tremor-dominant PD with a family history of tremor had less olfaction loss than those without a family history (P = 0.0007) or those with regular PD (P = 0.0350)."

Natural selection
“The dominant species of the larger dominant groups tend to leave many modified descendants, and thus new sub-groups and groups are formed.”

“Under the many conditions of life which this world affords, any group which is numerous in individuals and species and is widely distributed, may properly be called dominant" [a dominant group]. [Letter 110. To W.H. Harvey, August, 1860]

Orthogenesis
"Many other principles, such as those concerned with reversion and orthogenesis, are gradually being formulated and it is only a matter of time and more extended observation before the science of phylogeny will be placed on a much more uniform and exact footing. ... The ancestors of our modern hexapods achieved their first success through some advance in specialization over this more primitive type, but the improvements which gave them ascendancy and which enabled them to found a distinct and dominant group were certain unknown changes, doubtless in plastic and functionally important characters which were of great value for survival at the time, but which, having isolated the family and put it on its feet, so to speak, continued to change and may be possessed by few or no living descendants."

Mammology
"One would think that such a diverse and dominant group of large mammals would be well studied and understood." "The last general discussion of the history of rhinos was by Viret (1958), but much has happened in the last 30 years."

Tokenism
"The first of these is a history of relationships with a series of sponsors. The second is a history of differential association with members of the dominant group, rather than the deviant group."

India
“In the multiplicity of communalisms prevalent in India today, the major one obviously is Hindu communalism since it involves the largest numbers and asserts itself as the dominant group. I shall therefore discuss only the notion of the Hindu community and not those of other religions. Nevertheless my comments on communal ideology and its use of history would apply to other groups claiming a similar ideology.”

"Gujarat was a major trading area in the subcontinent and the Gujaratis had traditionally been a dominant group among the Indian mercantile communities."

New Zealand
"Pakeha, the dominant group, showed outgroup favouritism, and distanced themselves from past injustices using linguistic strategies." "The current reaction to the naming of the dominant ethnic group in New Zealand is one of the historical anomalies" "From [the perspective of social dominance theory (SDT)], dominant groups attempt to impose their versions of history on subordinate groups as part of the legitimizing myths that give them the right to sovereignty and a disproportionate share of resources."

United States
"US history is replete with examples of the confounding of dominant group and national interests."

"In the social conflict theory, the struggle of dominated groups to change the conditions that oppress them and the attempts of the dominant groups to reproduce the conditions of their dominance are the key to understanding changes in the economy, in social relations, and in the culture."

"Throughout U. S. history, dominant groups have attempted to impose a set of values and norms on subordinate groups."

"When challenged, dominant groups will attempt to avoid giving in, or at least will try to absorb the challenge in a way that sharply reduces the potential effect of compromise on the dominant group's capacity to make history."

Hypotheses

 * 1) Dominant group has a history and an origin.

title: Dominant group/History


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Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere/Resources

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_(1980_film) American version

Humorous but serious
TruthRage

Canadian humour


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What killed the dinosaurs?

See the discussion page

(Review Paper) Cited in

Points Made
The main point of the article is proposing that the gas emission of the impact of the volcanic eruption created too much CO2 and SO2 emissions. This created a toxic environment for the dinosaurs and the ecological atmosphere so they eventually became extinct. The tectonic plates colliding created an unlivable environment for the dinosaurs.

 * Although it can be agreed that the environment that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs was extremely toxic the cause of these conditions is questionable. An extremely large fire or the infrared burst cause by the meteorite crash could account for the high C02. Vaporization of debris could also have contributed to the lethal environment. Pdres507 (talk) 02:38, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

Rationale
The rationale of this article states that before this time period different continents have been experiencing tectonic plate collisions for years which have attributed to extinction events. The first extinction is thought to have happened from the collision in Siberian plate. So if this is the case, the Virginia to Nova Scotia movement could have caused the second section of extinction. The two combined is what caused the major and more significant extinction. Through this it created enough ecological disruption and gas emissions to cause evidence that this contributed to the extinction of dinosaurs.

Results
The large amounts of CO2 that were put into the air from the volcanic lava created extreme gas emissions that decreased the standard of living for the dinosaurs as such it increased the chances of extinctions. In fact, the SO2 (emission if there was any) should have cooled the climate to keep them live; however, there is not enough evidence, or not enough SO2 emission to make a difference. Therefore, the massive volcanism has been proven to be the cause of extinction. In addition to the extinction of the dinosaurs it also created a massive ecological disruption. In addition, the acidity from the volcano may have also killed all of the seaweed so the pH would have increased to an undesirable level which would have compromised the circle.

title: What killed the dinosaurs?


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Talk:Controversies in Science/Was there a mitochondrial Eve?/A critique of Whole-mtDNA Genome Sequence Analysis of Ancient African Lineages

Arodr451 (talk) 01:47, 4 April 2012 (UTC)The mitochondrial eve theory is very weak argument that tries to discuss that we originated 200,000 from the same mother. This could be difficult to prove in my opinion because the DNA found from Africa and Tanzania are comparable with DNA example of around the world. The results showed that the African nations carried strong characteristics, but the supports of mitochondria eve only based on small DNA instead of the entire DNA of the different groups.


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Controversies in Science/What killed the dinosaurs/A critique of Volcanoes and extinctions: Round Two

Massive Volcanic Erruptions and Extinction
Evidence has indicated a connection between the three largest Phanerozoic mass extinctions and the three largest continental igneous provinces (LIPs). LIPs comprise of basaltic lava and igneous rock formed over a relatively brief period of time. These LIPs include the Siberian and Deccan Traps.

Methods
Deccan eruptions in India cover an area the size of France. This area contains 1 million cubic kilometres of volcanic material that included poisonous gases (ultimately what killed the dinosaurs. The Deccan eruption is known to be the largest volcanic event in 200 million years and the time period K-T (2 geological layers: Cretaceous (thriving dinosaurs) to Tertiary (beginning of dinosaur extinction and beginning of thriving mammals), therefore it is plausible from the size of the eruption and the time period in which it occurred that it was the likely cause of the dinosaur extinction. This article suggests the same happened in Kilauea, Hawaii where a volcano erupted, dispensing minerals and soot worldwide. Scientists believe that if materials and minerals from this fission can be found globally, then it is likely that the minerals and deposits from the Deccan eruptions caused the extinction of dinosaurs.

Results
During the Deccan eruptions 30,000 tons of iridium was emitted, which is also found in meteorites and contributed to that theory. However, the amount of iridium emitted from the eruptions was slightly less than the amount found in the K-T boundary layer.

Volcanism causes toxic gasses to be released into Earth’s atmosphere. The Deccan Traps and NATIP (North American Tertiary Igneous Province) are two of the largest basalt deposits ever recorded. The volume of these deposits alone is phenomenal, the Deccan Traps comprising of 512,000 cubic KM and the NATIP canvassing 2,000,000 cubic KM in volume. The lava flows alone were enough to take out a great deal of dinosaur life. Along with lava eruption, toxic gas is released into the atmosphere allowing for debris to be carried over a large surface area causing a hazardous environment for living creatures such as dinosaurs. Not only was debris and lava flow a factor, the toxic gas initiated caused the skies to darken and acid rain to form which eventually led to climate cooling. A catastrophic event took place in the Earth’s mantle allowing for plumes to form and rise eventually resulting in fissures and other volcanic explosions inevitably leading to the death of the dinosaurs. All of these events can be seen in diagnosing the geology found in the K-T boundary by varying fossils shown through carbon dating. Courtillot made the diagnosis that Volcanism played a much larger factor than meteorite impact in dinosaur depletion and believes this will lead to better understanding of how convection in the Earth works. .


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Talk:Exercise and metabolic disease/BCRL

Reflection

The purpose of this reflection is a learning process which is aimed at aiding constructive practice in order to improve scholarly work as well as think critically about the resource and its information. The following questions have been used to assist the reflection process.

1. What parts of the resource were most useful in working with the "client" and why?

I believe it is relevant for Exercise Physiologists to understand their specific role when dealing with individuals with BCRL in establishing a focus on preventing the progression as well as reducing the severity of chronic lymphedema, as indicated in the ‘Diagnosis’ section. This is important in enabling these women undertake their normal activities of daily living in their utmost functional capacity. This naturally allows them to maintain or improve their self-esteem/ self-confidence in carrying out their daily tasks and, as a consequence, feeling better about themselves.

The general overview of treatment options of BCRL is stated in the ‘Medical and Clinical Considerations’ section with a link to the following website: National Lymphedema Network website - http://www.lymphnet.org/pdfDocs/nlntreatment.pdf 	                 As an EP, I believe it is good to know the generic treatment options that are provided for these women, and therefore have an understanding of how the treatment provided by Exercise Physiologists (EPs) plays a role in the treatment process, as well as the interactions with other treatment modalities.

The risk factors and complications of BCRL, which are further mentioned in this section, are also important to have an understanding of and take into consideration when working with these clients.

Exercise training has been proven through recent research to have positive benefits for this client base from improving overall quality of life through to specific physiological adaptations/changes. The wiki provides an overall understanding of these benefits together with the research backing it up, which I believe equips the EP health professional with sound knowledge to explain why it is important and encourage the client to undertake an exercise training program. There is also some information about how exercise can improve lymphedema as well as mentioning where the current literature is heading in terms of research regarding optimal exercise prescription.

The exercise prescription guidelines provide a foundation for safe exercise implementation, backed up with research evidence. It is specifically mentioned that some patients may experience inevitable deterioration in their physical capacity with cancer treatment, where exercise can assist in reducing these declines. I think this is important for the EP health professional to understand this and consequently adjust their exercise program accordingly.

'''2. Can you suggest improvements to the practical use of the resource? Rationalise any improvements and provide examples where possible.'''

Improvements can always be made to the wiki to further enhance its effective practical use in the clinical setting. Goal setting is one point that could be added to the wiki in order to highlight the importance of goals''' (goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely) as an effective tool in making progress to assist in motivating the patient reach their goals by helping them work towards their objectives and providing measurable outcomes for the EP health professional.

I also think that the wiki could have placed more emphasis on directing the health professional towards understanding empathy and engaging in empathy towards the clients they are working with. Perhaps discussing and focusing more on the burden that lymphedema places on these individuals, additional to their experience of breast cancer, can help create an environment of empathy. In essence, I believe this would assist in building an effective client-health professional relationship and therefore better health outcomes.

Providing information of support groups for ladies with breast cancer such as Cancer Council support groups and Abreast equips the EP with tools to give the client in gaining support with their experience. Social interactions and building positive relationships I believe creates better outcomes for those experiencing BCRL.

'''3. Was the resource factually accurate? Use references to support your response.'''

The wiki resource is factually accurate with all the information supported with relevant evidence from research papers, position stands from, and Cancer Council'''. The wiki is properly referenced throughout with the references displayed at the bottom of each page in the bibliography. If the reader is interested in further reading, they can access the references online through the reference list.

'''4. What are your thoughts on the layout of the resource? Describe what changes you might make to improve ease of understanding of the resource. If you are aware of anything that may improve the resource (e.g. a video, reference to further reading etc) include them here.'''

I believe the wiki to be quite easy to read and understand myself and this would also be the case for a reader who does not have an exercise physiology background. I think the highlighted links for definitions to some words provides a good method in assisting the readability of the information. For example, an individual who experiences BCRL can access this wiki site and find it useful in providing information on exercise relating to BCRL without feeling as though the language used is out of their scope.

However, there is always room for improvement and I think that the ‘Exercise Training’ section could be further broken down into subheadings to help with the readability. This will also help the reader to scan through the information to look for something relevant, especially when time is an issue, such as in clinical practice.

Providing a link for a youtube on some specific exercises in the ‘Exercise Prescription’ section could be a great way to show different exercise ideas that are interesting and fun, but also safe and effective.

I am in favour of the use of diagrams and tables to graphically explain information in the text or give further information, such as the lymphatic system diagrams of the human body showing the lymph system and the table of the blood pressure ranges.

5. Describe any personal experiences you have had, or anticipate, in professional life and how such a resource might be used in practice.

As a personal trainer in a female gym environment, I have had experience in training with women who have chronic illnesses and specific medical conditions. BCRL is one condition I have been exposed to and I believe that having access to this wiki would have provided me with the tools to safely undertake an effective exercise training program. It would have given me access to the following:

-	The background knowledge of the condition

-	Advising how exercise may assist in improving the condition

-	What to take into consideration, for example contraindications and risk factors

-	What is generally summarised in the current literature regarding exercise, and

-	Exercise training guidelines.

Having access to a wiki regarding a specific condition is a very useful tool in the clinical setting and can be adapted by any health professional to utilise at their discretion.

--Nina Semenov (talk) 02:13, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

Reflection: BCRL
This reflection is based on the use of the breast cancer related lymphedema resource in a client consultation situation.

The breast cancer related lymphedema page was a very useful resource for conducting a consultation with a client. The most useful parts of the resource when working with a client were:
 * The pathophysiology page – this page enabled the exercise physiologist too quickly re-read about the disease so if the client had any physiology based questions they could be answered.
 * Contraindications and precautions to exercise are listed in a very easy to read format, making it very easy to know what to look out for.
 * The benefits of exercise for breast cancer related lymphedema patients are summarized in dot point form; this made it very easy to explain how exercise can help the client. This was particularly useful as many patients suffering from this disease have mixed views about exercise in relation to their circumstances.

This page is a useful resource for retrieving any required information quickly. But it could be set up in a way that is more focused on client consultations:
 * Mentioning goals would be useful.
 * Suggesting more specific exercise programs, including specific exercises, with progression in mind would make it more user friendly in a client consultation.
 * More emphasis on the client and how to deal with them.
 * Mention of the benefits of exercise other than just the physical, disease related ones. For example; the possible social benefits.

This resource was very factually accurate and well referenced. Examples of this are provided below:
 * The statistics are derived from recent studies that are relevant to Australia(1)(2).
 * When it comes to exercise training and prescription every statement is supported by a recent peer reviewed reference. This makes it very hard to dispute any of the statements made. For example the statment that exercise may not enhance the likelihood of developing BCRL nor exacerbate the condition, but instead create positive health benefits in this patient population, is backed up by a number of references including one reference which directly challenged the myth that exercise in this population group caused harm, finding results which support the mentioned statement(3).
 * Links to reliable resources such as Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) and the National Cancer Institutes are provided for those who require more information or confirmation of the information provided.

The layout of the resource is very simple, making it very easy to use. There are no long winded paragraphs anywhere and everything is labeled well, making it easy to skip straight to the information you are seeking. A lot of the information is presented in dot point format; this makes relaying information to the client much easier. Pictures are used well; this is another feature that can make explaining quite complex processes to a client a lot easier. One way to improve the layout of this resource would be to simply expand on the noted good features of the layout. The inclusion of more pictures and presenting more information in either dot point form or in a table would make it even more user friendly.

I can see this resource being very useful in situations where you haven’t had to deal with this specific condition for an extended period of time. It will be very useful for quickly brushing up on the key points of the disease prior to a consultation with a client. Also if a client wants to go away and learn more about their condition some very easy to understand and informative references are provided.

References

1. Jemal, A., et al., Cancer statistics, 2002. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 2002. 52(1): p. 23-47.

2. Edwards, T.L., Prevalence and aetiology of lymphoedema after breast cancer treatment in southern Tasmania. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Surgery, 2000. 70(6): p. 412-418.

3. Harris, S.R. and S.L. Niesen‐Vertommen, Challenging the myth of exercise‐induced lymphedema following breast cancer: A series of case reports. Journal of Surgical Oncology, 2000. 74(2): p. 95-98.

Ben Griffin


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Controversies in Science/What killed the dinosaurs/A Critique of The Extinction of the Dinosaurs in North America

(Review Paper) Cited in

Points Made
Thermal stress from an intense infrared radiation pulse may have resulted in the global wildfires which would have incinerated anything that was not sheltered during the event. This pulse may have been caused by a meteor or asteroid, however whether or not it was the factor or just one of many factors we are currently unable to state. While marine regression would contribute to the extinction of life along coastal regions, this cannot be attributed to the extinction of the dinosaurs due to as these events would have taken place over a million or so years. The asteroid event would have resulted in this regression but would not have been significant enough to eliminate the dinosaurs. Another factor of the extinction of the dinosaurs would be the dust from the meteorite covering the sun. This led to extinction of the plants due to low access to sunlight to create photosynthesis, which led to a domino effect in the food chain starting with the smallest organisms of life and ending with the biggest.

Methods
Researchers were able to chart the extinction rates by using date charting techniques to determine when each individual organism died

Results
The authors concluded that while the actual cause of the extinction can not yet be known, in part due to an inconsistent and inconvenient geological and fossil record, the evidence for a quick (10,000yr) extinction due to extreme climate change exists. The main question being whether or not an asteroid caused or significantly contributed to said change. Migratory records seem to support the asteroid hypothesis if you assume the impact aerosolized the ground it struck, ejecting it into the atmosphere and emitting a giant infrared burst that would have caused global wildfires, but the kill mechanism remains unknown.

Three separate research groups utilizing three different methods have developed strati-graphic quantifiable data regarding the dinosaur extinction in western North America regarding the late Cretaceous period. These studies indicated that the decline in the variance of the dinosaur population demonstrates an instantaneous geological event.


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Controversies in Science/What killed the dinosaurs/A critique of From The Cover: Chicxulub impact predates the K-T boundary mass extinction

(Review Paper) Cited in

Dinosaurs STILL alive after Chicxulub
It has been previously determined that Dinosaurs were extinct due to the Chicxulub crater. This article supports findings of a deeper core that predates the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) boundary by at least 300,000 years. The Chicxulub crater did not cause mass extinction as commonly believed.

Methods
The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) drilled a new sample core within the Chicxulub crater and examined the fossil and mineral composition. The composition included iridium, and iridium is rare in the present on earth. Therefore the iridium in the sample core had to of come from space.

Results
The objective was to determine the age of the K-T boundary layer to prove or disprove where this was the major event that caused the extinction of dinosaurs. The results of the core show Late Maastrichtian sediments and below the K-T boundary. These findings indicate that either the sediments between the breccia and the K-T boundary were deposited as backwash and crater infill after the impact event, or (ii) the Chicxulub impact predates the K-T boundary and hence was not the cause of the end-Cretaceous mass extinction as commonly believed.


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Controversies in Science/What killed the dinosaurs/A Critique of Extraterrestrial Cause for the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction

(Review Paper) Cited in

Points
The earth was impacted with a large asteroid that send 60 times the asteroids mass into the atmosphere in the form of dust. The dust spread over the earth for several years, causing Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction. The dust blocked the sun which discontinued life for plants since there was no photosynthesis occurring due to the blockage of the sun. This created a chain reaction resulting in the extinction of all food chains. .

Methods
An increase in iridium, that is thought to be of extraterrestrial origin, was found in the limestone of places such as New Zealand, Denmark, and Italy. It dates back to the time of Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction 65 million years ago.

The levels of iridium had an increase of 30 times higher for Italy, 160 times higher for Denmark and 20 times for New Zealand.These high levels play a large role in the extinction on many species.

Results
There is a marked difference between Cretaceous/Tertiary clay and boundary clay. Because the majority of iridium on Earth is found naturally in the planet's core, iridium in the crust was likely deposited by an extraterrestrial source. The impact of the meteor that likely did this would have created a massive dust cloud, hindering photosynthesis and thus killing off the plants first. Since there was no plants for the herbivores they died off next and then the carnivores were the biggest and last organism to die off. .

Iridium is a major component of a meteorite, and it is what was found settled from the global cloud of dust which was caused when the meteorite hit the earth. It was also discovered that this global cloud of dust blocked the sun causing the planet to decrease in temperature also known as The Nuclear Winter

Grains of quarts were found in the K-T boundary layer, and the microscopic traces show proof of shock from the meteorites.


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Controversies in Science/What killed the dinosaurs/Experimental evidence that an asteroid impact led to the extinction of many species

(Review Paper) Cited in

Did Asteroid kill the dinosaurs?
Upon impact, the asteroid exploded and sent a thick layer of dust and iridium into the atmosphere. This thick layer of smoke blocked out the sun and carried the iridium around the globe. There are more than 36 locations worldwide where iridium has been found. The black smoke blocked out the sun and destroyed all of the earth's vegetation.

This thick layer of dust made it impossible for the sun’s rays to reach the earth, which prevented photosynthesis from taking place and thus killed off all the plants. This started a chain of extinction. As the Herbivores began disappearing, the Carnivores were losing their food source. They too would fall victim to the lack of sunlight.

Scientists estimated that the dark period, without presence or warmth from the sun, wiped out the dinosaurs and vegetation within a 3-6 month period.

Methods
Scientists measured the abundance of Iridium by collecting rock samples. Iridium is very rare on earth, this is due to the heating of the earth which caused certain elements in the platinum group (Iridium) to "sink" past the observable layers where it would normally be expected to be found. Earth's natural process of forming the core effectively diminished the Iridium element from existing in abundant quantities.

In order to concentrate the iridium, we now use the trick of heating rock samples with molten iron, giving scientists a greater signal-to-noise ratio. .

Results
An asteroid hit the earth 65 million years ago at 25km/second. This covered the earth in a blanket of dust. Chemical analyses of this layer in the earth showed that it contained high amounts of iridium, which comes from outer space. This dust caused darkness for 3-6 months, blocking the process of photosynthesis, triggered the death of phytoplankton, caused the herbivore dinosaurs to die, and finally caused the carnivore dinosaurs to die. Further evidence shows dinosaur fossils 3.4 meters before the iridium layer, but not after this layer.


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Controversies in Science/What killed the dinosaurs/A critique of More evidence that the Chicxulub impact predates the K/T mass extinction. Meteoritics & Planetary Science

(Review Paper) Cited in

The Chicxulub impact predates the K/T mass extinction
The dinosaurs could not have been killed by the meteorites 65Kyrs ago because there is evidence that there were life after the supposed time that the the metheorites hit the earth.

Methods
This study examines several minerals and found evidences of planktic foraminiferal assemblages in the minerals. This indicates that there were still life even after the Chicxulub occurred. They also studied five proxies that demonstrated that the the Chicxulub impact predates the K/T boundary by about 300,000 years and could not have caused the mass extinction.

Results
The presence of certain minerals associated with certain layers of rock indicated that there were planktic foraminiferal remains, demonstrating that certain life, including fragile species, continued after the Chicxulub impact. Therefore, the meteor may have affected life forms, but it did cause a mass extinction. The evidence proves that life continued for 300,000 years after this incident.


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Controversies in Science/What killed the dinosaurs/A critique of The Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction is due to the post-impact ozone conditions from the asteroid collision in the Yucatan Peninsula in northestern Mexico (The Chicxulub crater)

(Review Paper) Cited in

Points Made
The Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction is due to the post-impact ozone conditions from the asteroid collision in the Yucatan Peninsula in northeastern Mexico (The Chicxulub crater). The conditions included large tsunamis and acid rain which killed all the vegetation; in turn killed of the herbivores and followed by the carnivores.

Methods
The post-impact asteroid conditions were reconstructed using a computer simulation to show the carbon cycle during the Cretaceous-Tertiary period.

Results
It is suggested that the comet or asteroid severely impacted the atmosphere producing large amounts of NOGH-related CH4 and it was released by the blast. The trajectory model suggests that the photochemical reactions formed ground-level O3 whose concentration was low (1.0 ppm) but much greater than the current level of 0.04 ppm. This is a O3 concentration above the health-threatening levels. This is why creatures such as amphibians and reptiles survived because they were able to retreat to areas where O3 wouldn't affect them. Creatures that lived above the water were more affected because the NOx and CH4 reacted with the sunlight that wasn't blocked by the earth's dust and aerosols producing a deadly level of O3. .


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Talk:What killed the dinosaurs?

While excess atmospheric CO2 and SO2 would have undoubtedly killed many organisms, it seems unlikely that one volcanic eruption could have wiped out dinosaurs all over the Earth. The effects would have been devastating to organisms living close to the volcano, but on the other side of the planet? Also, the survival rate of this disaster should have been almost zero as no organism lives independently of the atmosphere. Many avian, insect and reptile species of dinosaurs managed to survive, but the toxic gases in the air should have killed them as well. PolkaDots576 (talk) 02:43, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

Comet
It is really simple. There was a comet because many people say there was a comet. An Ice Age would not kill any parts of the dinasour. I reckon that there was a comet because now today. The roads on our present-day living conditions are cracked. Maybe back a long time ago, (there were no roads) the mass extinction of the dinasour is a comet because now you can see cracked streets. ---Draubb

title: Talk:What killed the dinosaurs?


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Controversies in Science/What killed the dinosaurs/A Critique of Extinction, survivorship and evolution of planktic foraminifera across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at El Kef, Tunisia

(Review Paper) Cited in

Impact is not the reason for mass extinction
There is evidence that the Chicxulub Crater impact dates back over 300 000 years before the dinosaurs died.

Methods
Geoscientist, Keller, collected evidence from four major events that occurred in Mexico and Texas. She gathered evidence within the fallout of glass beads from the Chicxulub immpact and within a layer of sandstone from 150 000 years later. The sandstone came from a shore area and was said to have surfaced due to a tsunami. Keller came to the conclusion that the two other events she collected data from were most likely a large impact or a volcano, and a smaller impact. The span from all these events were up to 150 000 years in between one another and the last one was about 100 000 years after the mass extinction of dinosaurs. These are all important but Kellers latest findings are the biggest step in proving her theory. Findings found in El Penon, Mexico prove that there was no geological disturbance.

Results
The results display that the Chicxulub impact happened 330,000 years before the end of the fossils of the dinosaurs and that this impact is not associated with the extinction of dinosaurs. From the data, Keller was also able to identify that the Chicxulub impact did not extinct a single species within dinosaurs.


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Talk:Controversies in Science/What killed the dinosaurs/A critique of Volcanoes and extinctions: Round Two

This seems like a plausible explanation as to why the dinosaurs became extinct. If one can believe that a plume of dust from a meteorite could be large enough to cover the earth long enough to stop photosynthesis, killing phytoplankton and ultimately the dinosaurs why could it not be possible for enough poisonous gas from a large volcanic eruption spread across the earth and kill the dinosaurs.Jhill171 (talk) 03:11, 4 April 2012 (UTC)

 * It is hard to assert that volcanoes caused the extinction. It is possible that an asteroid aerosolized the ground causing atmospheric cover that would have stayed suspended for a long period of time. As well an asteroid could have emitted an infrared burst causing a global wildfires that would have destroyed vegetation causing those who could not take shelter to die off rapidly, leaving the scavengers to survive. The fossil record appears to support a rapid die off, consistent with this scenario, where a volcanic cause of climate change would probably be more gradual and does not appear to be consistent with the geologic and fossil records. Ixby, Not what you expect. (talk) 00:25, 11 April 2012 (UTC) Weisburd, S. (1987),”Volcanoes and extinctions: Round Two”. Volcanoes and extinctions: Round Two. Science News, 131(16), 248-250.

 * If this were in fact the case then we would not be seeing proof of dinosaurs in todays modern bird species and reptiles. Tlouc287 (talk) 17:32, 13 April 2012 (UTC)


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Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere/cough hygiene

The priority is to cull the information and the materials you need in order to prepare material to distribute to your target population.

Please refer to the WikiBook thanks.


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Teach Cough Hygiene Everywhere/Infectious disease

Our concern is of course infectious disease which might be transmitted within our client base via the coughing behaviors which we are trying to modify.

Please refer to the WikiBook and post questions here.


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Talk:Exercise and metabolic disease/BCRL/Exercise Prescription

1.	What parts of the resource were most useful in working with the "client" and why? The breast cancer related lymphedema wiki resource had a wide range of useful information which was sued and sort after by the client in the role play scenario. The parts referred to and utilised the most during the role play were medical complications, exercise prescription and exercise training. These were particularly important because they centred around the main questions and fears that a client seeking an exercise physiologist may have about the service for their particular condition. The layout of these sections in particular was useful for this scenario as well organised and obvious heading allowed the physiologist to quickly jump to information or answer questions. In particular when explaining the intervention program to the client, the Wiki had a nice FITT principle run down to run through or even print out for the client in order for them to gain a greater understanding of exactly what type of activity may improve their quality of life. The exercise training page was incredibly relevant and helpful during the scenario as the client had been given mixed opinions on the role of exercise in breast cancer related lymphedema via different specialists. The list of benefits was a short, sharp way to explain the potential benefits of exercise for the client. The ‘challenging the myth’ background paragraphs were less well laid but they too helped to show why some specialists may still oppose this treatment method but also that their opinions are not necessarily backed up by current research into lymphodema. The use of relevant study references (list form at the bottom of each page) allow the physiologist to go and review these findings in greater depth if they require and having many resources blocked into specific categories would allow this much more efficiently. The use of pictures and other links also allow the physiologist to give a visual representation of some of the points he is making to the client to better increase client understanding and interest.

'''2.	Can you suggest improvements to the practical use of the resource? Rationalise any improvements and provide examples where possible.'''

Areas of improvement for greater practical use could be the inclusion of goal setting categories. The emphasis should be on the likely specific goals of the client. For example many lymphedema patients are as concerned with the aesthetic and psychological impact of breast cancer and lymphedema. Specific assessments should be included as these could be used as indicators of goal orientated results. Eg arm girths and confidence/10/ Greater information on why lymphedema still has many myths that are believed by many specialists may also be an nice inclusion to back up the current research evidence as many people are likely to trust their specialists over their exercise physiologist.

3. '''Was the resource factually accurate? Use references to support your response.'''

After reviewing several of the resources cited and some not cited by the authors it appears the resource was very factually accurate. This is particularly true in the exercise areas of the Wiki which go into greater depth than many of the earlier pages. This is very important as the deeper the information covered is the easier it is to become inaccurate and means the material can be trusted and relied upon much more by the physiologist and client. For example, the exercise guidelines given were directly in line with current research and may be trusted by professionals using the resource when planning the training program of a client.

4.	'''What are your thoughts on the layout of the resource? Describe what changes you might make to improve ease of understanding of the resource. If you are aware of anything that may improve the resource (e.g. a video, reference to further reading etc) include them here.''' The Wiki on a whole is set out very well. Bigger headings and the use of more obvious sub headings may make the quick location of information slightly easier though. Splitting up the benefits of exercise into general and lymphedema related may be useful to underline the fact that exercise has very specific benefits to such clients and help gain trust in intervention plan. These could also be better organised into psychological, physiological and aesthetic etc to underpin the fact that the treatment will potentially benefit various areas of the clients life that may have been impacted on through their condition. The inclusion of active support groups such as Dragons Abreast in the ACT may also provide other means of exercise that may increase successfulness of your treatment and client results. It may also lead into a marketing effect in which the clients may suggest you onto others at such clubs.

5. Describe any personal experiences you have had, or anticipate, in professional life and how such a resource might be used in practice.

Prior to conducting the role play I was not sold on the usefulness of such resources in a clinical setting. Throughout and after the scenario I began to realise the ease and speed at which this resource method allows a physiologist to gather and relay certain information. It allows quick information sorting via organised layout, good use of headings and page to page links and use of page to external resource links. I have definitely done assessment or research items in which a quick link to specific resources covering certain areas of a field would be incredibly useful. I have also found times when working as a fitness professional for clients with such conditions that a succinct resource for them to have to remind them of the benefits of what they are doing and to reassure them of these benefits (as backed up by research) over common myths or misconceptions that may hear through friends etc. As a professional there will be a plethora of different clients with different disorders and individual differences. The Wiki resource would allow a physiologist to quickly sift through risk factors, medical considerations, current exercise guidelines and benefits of exercise for the condition quickly and accurately. It must be included though that this is a student project Wiki resource. Therefore although the accuracy of this particular Wiki was very good, many other un edited or un marked pages may not be as reliable as other resources such as peer reviewed journals and literature reviews etc. Therefore a trade-off between speed, layout and accuracy may have to be taken. I ahve also discussed thw Wiki with clients and other phsyiologits who beleive the Wiki is a great clinical resource method for many of the same reasons discussed above.


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User talk:Rajanichintan

How to Start Home Education
Hello Friends...

How can I start home education? How can I start homeschooling my child? There are many complex answers to this somewhat simple question, and the answers will vary between every family. Those who ask this question however, need to answer some basic questions to start with.

Some of the following questions ask your self and as honestly as you can if you are interested in home education.
 * 1) 1.Do you and your partner work?
 * 2) 2.What are you working for?
 * 3) 3.Do you both need to work?
 * 4) 4.Are you willing to devote the necessary time with your children?
 * 5) 5.Does your partner, if you have one, support your decision?
 * 6) 6.Do you have the patience to teach?
 * 7) 7.Does your partner have the patience?
 * 8) 8.Are you willing to sacrifice your existing lifestyle?
 * 9) 9.Do your children respect you?
 * 1) 9.Do your children respect you?

Waiting reply...By parents...

title: User talk:Rajanichintan


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