text:
Video journalism/Produce a news story

In the previous assignment, you identified a news story and explained your intentions and aspirations with that story. By the end of this assignment you will have further researched the news story, written a draft script and had it reviewed by a Chief of Staff, refined the script to a paper edit, and then produced the video news story ready for publication.

Researching a news story
In the previous assignment you identified a news story idea that you feel has the potential to work on.

Now take this story and check, verify and double check, all factual claims. Note any new facts or information and begin to arrange them into your own news story sequence with your own angle. As you work, read the first three topics and the resources available in this study schedule.

According to your chosen and informed angle, arrange video and audio samples into the story, but do not edit or manipulate them in any way. These components will eventually be made ready to paste into the news script template, available in the next assignment section.

Your raw clips must not have special effects applied (unless crucial to conveying meaning). The story must be written so that brevity, clarity and news-worthiness have top priority.

In this process you should consider the resources available in this part of the schedule. Consider the news script and how it is sectioned, consider how news in the mainstream broadcast news services is constructed as per the script template. Consider camera angles in the interview, consider framing, search the Internet for technical advice on such matters and consider the critical component of using only good clear audio, free of background noise or distortion. Consider informed consent of interviewees and in doing so, read topic one. Consider the necessity of a signed release form - if you are obtaining original interview material (see template for a release form in Resources).

You might also, in script analysis of the developing work, reflect closely on structure and composition. You might try the exercise of compressing your scripts to a presentation of your main elements as even shorter news items. What happens to the meaning? The superficiality of the short news item at times distorts accuracy and this type of very brief video news is often seen on the commercial networks throughout the world. You might compare the nature of these news components back to your longer script in terms of news values, pitch, structure, genre and narrative. How do these elements affect the potential for spin and obfuscation?

In writing your scripts later in the schedule, you will have to repeatedly consider what stylistic and structural additions, changes and edit reduction choices are available to improve rhythm in the edit sequencing, with the aim of getting the script down to around a running time of one minute.

 * Resources

 * Five Ws
 * Newsworthiness
 * The News Manual - The News Manual is a free online resource for journalists, would-be journalists, educators and people interested in the media. It has developed from the three-volume book 'The News Manual', which was published with the help of UNESCO as a practical guide to people entering the profession and to support mid-career journalists wanting to improve their skills.
 * Make Internet TV : Shoot, Edit, Publish and Promote Your Videos - This is a guide with step-by-step instructions for recording and publishing internet video.
 * Produce a video news story in a day - "Produce a Business News Video in a Day" was a specialized training session during the Society of America Business Editors & Writers 2010.

Scripting a news story
Use the Script Template to prepare a video news script. Take the elements from the first assignment and paste them into the Script Template. Read over the first three Topics as you progress.

Submit a final draft on your blog (Website) of your video news script for review and sub-editing by a Chief of Staff Reviewer (COS). The Chief of Staff Reviewer will provide feedback on structure, clarity, through line in the story, even legal and ethical considerations to the story.

As this schedule is currently under construction, the Chief of Staff Reviewer (COS) is not yet available. Eventually though, when this schedule is active, the COS will be on standby to receive your scripts as uploaded to your blog. The scripts will be subbed and commented upon in an open forum, so you will need to be very much aware of best standards before your final submission is made. This schedule is also designed so that you could work without the COS, and with motivation, work out for yourself how to best write news scripts, edit news, write current affairs scripts and documentary.

Further, review your intentions and aspirations for this study schedule, by writing an extension of the reflection you prepared in the first assignment.

The aim of a freelance video journalist is to shoot and research quality news stories, to maximise exposure of the story and issues, giving best a chance for your work to be exposed as news, current affairs and even documentary development. When shooting material, use a tripod, use headphones, use a good microphone, and shoot a range of establishing shots, action shots while making sure the audio is of the best possible quality.

Based on the review and sub-editing by the Chief of Staff Reviewer, prepare a draft paper edit that includes time references (in and out points) of clips that you have selected for use in your script. Be aware of copyright. If you already have your own footage, use that. Write time references to describe the proposed sequence and duration of video in the story. Using the Script Template, carefully sequence the paper edit into the script that you prepared earlier.

 * Resources

 * Video News Template (editable copy available on Google Docs) Make your own copy of this template and use it in your news assignments.
 * Charlie Brooker - How To Report The News - "Now I feel I must add the obligitory copyright notices in the hope that the BBC don't make me take it down (pleeeease BBC, let it stay, Mr Brooker would want it to!)" Copyright BBC MMX
 * 10-tips-for-dramatically-improving-your-videojournalism-stories - "Based on common flaws we continually bemoan, we offer these 10 simple pointers for videojournalists who want to dramatically improve their work in all these arenas."

Editing and developing a news story
With a script that has been reviewed by the Chief of Staff Reviewer, and developed into a paper edit, you are ready to begin producing your video news story. Continue to read the first three Topics in this study schedule.

Often, you will have to engage the help of others, and this is why the script is so central. Not only does it discipline your own processing of the story, it helps everyone who will be involved in final production and publishing to understand your vision.

As you work towards providing an edited video from the paper edit news script, research and build a synopsis (300 words) for the next assignment - developing a more in-depth current affairs story out of this initial video news story.

 * Resources

 * Video News Template (editable copy available on Google Docs) Make your own copy of this template and use it in your news assignments.

title: Video journalism/Produce a news story


text:
User:Fi11ion

I am joining Wikiversity to teach myself the art of filmmaking. This is my first time using the site but I hope to contribute as much as possible in the future.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:Fi11ion


text:
MediaWiki:Blocklogentry

blocked $1 $3 for $2

title: MediaWiki:Blocklogentry


text:
MediaWiki:Block-log-flags-nocreate

cannot create accounts

title: MediaWiki:Block-log-flags-nocreate


text:
MediaWiki:Block-log-flags-noemail

no emails

title: MediaWiki:Block-log-flags-noemail


text:
MediaWiki:Block-log-flags-nousertalk

cannot discuss

title: MediaWiki:Block-log-flags-nousertalk


text:
MediaWiki:Autosumm-new

New resource with "$1"

title: MediaWiki:Autosumm-new


text:
User:Egm4313.s12.team1/R1

At the top of the page it tells me this: User account "Egm4313.s12.team1" is not registered. Please check if you want to create/edit this page.

Problem?

title: User:Egm4313.s12.team1/R1


text:
User:Jbawasanta

Never dwell in anger, do not be afraid. Work hard to improve yourself and be kind to others.

title: User:Jbawasanta


text:
MediaWiki:Autosumm-blank

Undo all revisions. Resource is empty, but not deleted.

title: MediaWiki:Autosumm-blank


text:
User:Ddiadamo

hi

title: User:Ddiadamo


text:
Bromley by Bow Centre/Study Circles on Wikiversity

In this session we will cover:
 * Study Circles
 * What is Wikiversity
 * Getting Started
 * Useful Wikiversity links


text: Template:Study Circles on Wikiversity/Nav


text:
Bromley by Bow Centre/Study Circles on Wikiversity/Study Circles

Study Circles
Study circles emerged towards the end of the nineteenth century as a popular method of developing self-education in a collective and democratic framework. They were generally linked social movements like temperance, social democracy or other aspects of the labour movement. They have remained popular particularly in Scandanavia.
 * ”If someone tells you: ’This is exactly the way a study circle should look and this is the way it should work’ - You must answer him right in the face: you are a humbug, sir, a genuine humbug, sir!" Richard Sandler, first leader of the Workers' Educational Association

The Swedish experience
In Sweden the study circle is a mass phenomenon with about 2 million participants, however as many people participate in more than one circle, the actual number of individuals is substantially less. Research in Sweden has revealed the following characteristics of Study Circles:
 * 1) Voluntary participation
 * 2) Open access
 * 3) Mixed ages
 * 4) Self-organised
 * 5) No examinations
 * 6) Small groups (5 - 10)
 * 7) Meet once a week (3hrs including breaks)
 * 8) Facilitators need not be experts
 * 9) Equal participation by all
 * 10) No restrictions on area of studies
 * 11) Can be linked to political, religious and social viewpoints

Development on Wikiversity
The development of Study Circles is currently being pioeneered on Wikiversity as part of the University of East London Social Enterprise BA being organised from the Bromley by Bow Centre Communiversity.


text:
Tenzin Gyatso

'''The Dalai Lama was born on July 6, 1935, in Tibet. After the Chinese invasion, he moved to Dharamsala in northern India. From there he travels widely in the world giving many lectures. In 1989 he received the Nobel Peace Prize. The Dalai Lama is the head of all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism. Buddhism is a rational system. The Dalai Lama said, "When science discovers something else, we will change the Buddhism."'''

Dalai Lama
The 14. Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso) has promised to save all beings. But he does it in his own way. He goes strolling through life. He practices a little, saves the world a little, teach wisdom a little and laughs a lot, especially. He convinces the people in the West because he is a Buddha of Joy. His biggest joke is the claim that he is not enlightened. The Dalai Lama likes to appear modest. Thus he is loved by most people. His teaching is simple, "Be a good person. If all people are good, there is a good world. It does not matter whether you're Christian, Buddhist or Atheist. It is only important that we all strive to be good people."

Globe Meditation
1. Globe = We visualize the earth beneath us, rub the earth with our feet and think, "May all beings be happy. May the world be happy."

2. Television = What man on television today touches you negative or positive? Clean the energetic connection, visualize him as a Buddha. Give him a positive sentence. Think the sentence as a mantra until you have overcome all attachment or rejection. Everything you see outside makes a knot in your soul. Create harmony in your mind. The first step to happiness is to create a positive world in your mind. We move a hand and send all the people in the television light: "I send light too. I wish him / her wisdom, love and happiness. May all people on TV be Buddhas or Goddesses of love."

3. Goddess = We rub our hands before the heart chakra. We visualize ourselves as a Buddha or a Goddess: " I am a Goddess (Buddha). I go the way of the positive. I live in peace, love, and happiness."

4. Enlightened Masters = We rub the hands over our head and ask the enlightened masters for guidance and help. We connect us spiritually with their energy, "Om all enlightened masters. Om inner wisdom. Please guide and help on my way."

5. Mantra = We put our hands together in the lap, move our feet and think many times the mantra " Om Shanti" in our body, in our legs, and in the whole world. We stop a minute every thought. We relax.

Buddha orakle
40. The spiritual way of a Bodhisattva (Karma Yogi) is a light path. Although he knows dark phases, mostly he will lead more and more into the light. Create your life as a light path. Orient yourself at positive role models, live by positive principles and realize a happy life. Go ahead on a middle path. Stride forward in your speed. Live the right balance of peace, power, love, wisdom, and joy. Make your spiritual path beautiful. Practice so that you feel good on your way. Success.

Videos

 * Dalai Lama Finding Purpose in Life (3 min.)
 * Dalai Lama - Why meditate? (1 min.)

title: Tenzin Gyatso


text:
User:Dblackal

Wikiversity Projects

 * Video journalism - The intention for this my first Wikiversity project, is to design and develop a study schedule where University of Wollongong students, and other people interested in video journalism, can network their learning in practice-based online communities. Participants can follow this study schedule to produce an end product in video news, ready for dissemination on Wikinews. Prior to starting this project, I assigned two groups of University of Wollongong students print news projects on Wikinews in 2011.

About David
David Blackall's earlier work in an Australian Research Council Linkage Grant, was built on the concept involved here in 'Video Journalism' (2004 to 2007 - 'Making News Today' for high school students). This current Wikiversity schedule is far more advanced, designed for university students and professionals wishing to gain an understanding of video news production.

Therefore, as university academic, David Blackall's research profile is a blend of creativity and scholarship. This is focussed on documentary film production, journalism, education and the naturally associated media ethics and law. His research strength is best practice film-making.

Over the last 20 years David Blackall has broadcast, mainly via SBS TV Australia, over 60 hours of factual programming. His research profile, therefore, covers output in the traditional academic sense (co-written papers in journals, chapters in books), while also working as cinematographer and consultant director on short artistic works, extended documentary and for news and current affairs programs. In 2008 and 2009, his camera material formed three broadcast ABC television current affairs stories and one news story (see external works). As cinematographer, director and producer on Guerilla documentaries, David Blackall uses a range of formats: from Super 8 film to High Definition video. His multi award nominated documentary, 'Delinquent Angel', was built around this multimedia approach and first screened in the 2000 Sydney Film Festival. 'Delinquent Angel' is an intimate expose of the art and life of arguably the best Australian painter, John Perceval. Here, Super 8 film conveys a sense of close personal archive and history.

His latest film, 'Lost Innocents of Kashmir', similarly uses Super 8 film. Grainy and beautiful Super 8 film suggests a sense of archive and authenticity that reinforces the integrity of the story as narrated. 'Lost Innocents of Kashmir' was also designed with voice grabs in slightly different tone, as if these were thoughts arriving at different times from memory, as triggered by revitalising the archival Super 8 material.

Dr David Blackall

Senior lecturer / filmmaker

Faculty of Creative Arts

University of Wollongong

Telephone: 02 42 213864

Mobile: 0414 838784

Skype: dblackal

Email: dblackal@uow.edu.au

https://misprd.uow.edu.au/ris_public/WebObjects/RISPublic.woa/wa/Staff/selectPerson?id=9689&group=55

External works
October 2011 - October 2012 Our short (23 minute) documentary film, Lost Innocents of Kashmir, screened 3 October, World Premier in London at Raindance Film Festival:

http://www.raindance.org/site/index.php?id=550,7808,0,0,1,0

Lost Innocents of Kashmir then screened the North American Premier in Rencontres internationales du documentaire de Montréal (RIDM):

http://www.ridm.qc.ca/en/programmation/films/220/lost-innocents-of-kashmir

http://murmitoyen.com/75575

The link to the trailer for Lost Innocents of Kashmir on YouTube:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5WOMdqGxGY

title: User:Dblackal


text:
User:Egm4313.s12.team1.armanious/team1/Sandbox

Here's a place for us to mess up code.

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blah more

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more blah


text:
User:Egm4313.s12.team1.armanious/team1/R1

=Report 1=

Statement
Derive the equation of motion of a spring-dashpot system in parallel (see Figure 1 below), with a mass and applied force $$f(t).$$ Figure 1

Solution
Kinematics, Kinetics, and Relations equations as interpreted from picture

Kinematics:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$ \displaystyle y=y_{k}= y_{c} $$     (1.0)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

Kinetics:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle f(t)=my'' + f_{k}+f_{c} $$     (1.1)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

Relations: -Force of spring relation:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle f_{k}=ky_{k} $$     (1.2) -Force of dash-pot relation:
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle f_{c}=Cy'_{c} $$     (1.3)
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 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

Putting kinematics, kinetics, and relations together:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y=y_{k}=y''_{c} $$     (1.4)
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 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

Using kinetic relationship
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle f(t)=my''_{c}+f_{k}+f_{c} $$     (1.5)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

Using the kinematics and relations equations:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle f_{k}=ky_{k}=ky_{c} $$     (1.6)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle f(t)=my''_{c}+ky_{c}+f_{c} $$     (1.7)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

Using dash-pot relation:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle f_{c}=Cy'_{c} $$     (1.8)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle f(t)=my''_{c}+ky_{c}+Cy'_{c} $$     (1.9)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

Final Equation
 * {| style="width:100%" border="1"

$$  \displaystyle f(t)=my''_{c}+Cy'_{c}+ky_{c} $$     (1.10)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

Author
Solved and typed by - Egm4313.s12.team1.silvestri 20:44, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Reviewed By - --Egm4313.s12.team1.durrance 19:17, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

Edited by - --Egm4313.s12.team1.wyattling 19:49, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Statement
Derive the equation of motion of the spring-mass-dashpot in Fig. 53, in Kreyszig 2011 p.85 (also see[[media:iea.s12.sec1.djvu| Sec 1 p. 1-4]]), with an applied force $$r(t)\!$$ on the ball.

Solution
Kinematics:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y=y_k=y_c $$     (2.0)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

Kinetics:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle r(t)=my''+{{f}_{k}}+{{f}_{c}} $$     (2.1)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle {{f}_{k}}=k{{y}_{k}} $$     (2.2)
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 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle {{f}_{c}}=c{{y}_{c}}' $$     (2.3)
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 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

Rearranging equations:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle r(t)=my''+k{{y}_{k}}+c{{y}_{c}}' $$     (2.4)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y=y_k=y_c $$     (2.5)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Equation of motion:

$$  \displaystyle r(t)=my''+ky+cy' $$     (2.6)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Author
Solved and typed by - --Egm4313.s12.team1.essenwein 23:06, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Reviewed By - --Egm4313.s12.team1.stewart 01:56, 31 January 2012 (UTC)

Edited By - --Egm4313.s12.team1.wyattling 19:50, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Statement
For the spring-dashpot system on p.1-4 [[media:iea.s12.sec1.djvu|(of sec.1 notes)]], draw the Free Body Diagram's and derive the equation of motion (2) p.1-4.

Solution
Free Body Diagrams:

By definition:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle a=y'' $$     (3.0)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Because only two forces are acting on the dashpot and they are in opposite directions, they are equal in magnitude.

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle ky = cv = f_{I} $$     (3.1) The resulting acceleration of the mass, m, must be the difference of the applied force $$f(t)\!$$ and the internal force $$f_{I}\!$$.
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y'' \propto f(t)-f_{I} $$     (3.2)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Using Newton's second law:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle my'' = f(t) - f_{I} $$     (3.3)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Rearranging, this yields:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="1"

$$  \displaystyle my'' + f_{I} = f(t) $$     (3.4)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Author
Solved and Typed By - Egm4313.s12.team1.armanious 20:09, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Reviewed By - Egm4313.s12.team1.silvestri 19:59, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

Edited By - --Egm4313.s12.team1.wyattling 19:51, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Statement
Using the Circuit equation (4.1) (See Sec.2 Pg.3 notes), derive equations (4.2) and (4.3) from it.

Solution
Given:

Capacitance Equation:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle Q=Cv_{c}\rightarrow \int idt=Cv_{c}\rightarrow i=C\frac{\mathrm{d} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t} $$ (4.0)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Circuit Equation:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle V=LC\frac{\mathrm{d^2}v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^2}+RC\frac{\mathrm{d} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t}+v_{c} $$     (4.1)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

First Alternate Circuit Equation:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle LI''+RI'+\frac{1}{C}I=V' $$     (4.2)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Second Alternate Circuit Equation:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle LQ''+RQ'+\frac{1}{C}Q=V $$     (4.3)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

First we are asked to derive the alternate circuit equation (4.2) from the original circuit equation (4.1).

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle V=LC\frac{\mathrm{d^2}v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^2}+RC\frac{\mathrm{d} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t}+v_{c}\rightarrow LI''+RI'+\frac{1}{C}I=V' $$     (4.4)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

The first step is to take the derivative of the original equation so there is the $$V'\!$$ term on one side:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle V'=LC\frac{\mathrm{d^3}v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^3}+RC\frac{\mathrm{d^2} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^2}+\frac{\mathrm{d} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t} $$ (4.5)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

$$L\!$$ and $$C\!$$ are constants and therefore remain unchanged by the derivative.

Next use the capacitance equation(4.0) which states:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle I=C\frac{\mathrm{d} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t} $$ (4.6)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Take both the first and second derivative of this equation.

First Derivative:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle I'=C\frac{\mathrm{d^2} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^2} $$     (4.7)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Second Derivative:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle I''=C\frac{\mathrm{d^3} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^3} $$     (4.8)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Now substitute in the the $$I\!$$, $$I'\!$$, and $$I''\!$$ terms into the appropriate places. The equation below groups terms that need to be substituted.

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle V'=L(C\frac{\mathrm{d^3}v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^3})+R(C\frac{\mathrm{d^2} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^2})+\frac{({C}\frac{\mathrm{d} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t})}{C} $$     (4.9)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

The final product after substitution is the alternate circuit equation(4.2):

$$  \displaystyle LI''+RI'+\frac{1}{C}I=V' $$     (4.2)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

We are also asked to derive the second alternate circuit equation(4.3)
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle V=LC\frac{\mathrm{d^2}v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^2}+RC\frac{\mathrm{d} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t}+v_{c}\rightarrow LQ''+RQ'+\frac{1}{C}Q=V $$     (4.3) from the original circuit equation(4.1).
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Once again use the capacitance equation(4.0) which also states:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle Q=Cv_{c} $$     (4.12)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Take the first and second derivative:

First Derivative:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle Q'=C\frac{\mathrm{d} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t} $$ (4.13) Second Derivative:
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle Q''=C\frac{\mathrm{d^2} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^2} $$     (4.14)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

The $$C\!$$ term is constant and does not change when the derivative is taken.

Group the original circuit equation like in the previous problem so that parentheses mark terms that should be substituted for $$Q\!$$ terms:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle V=L(C\frac{\mathrm{d^2}v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t^2})+R(C\frac{\mathrm{d} v_{c}}{\mathrm{d} t})+\frac{(Cv_{c})}{C} $$     (4.15)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

After substituting, the final product is the second alternate circuit equation(4.3): :{| style="width:100%" border="1" $$  \displaystyle LQ''+RQ'+\frac{1}{C}Q=V $$     (4.3)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Author
Solved and typed by - Egm4313.s12.team1.stewart 20:20, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Reviewed By - Egm4313.s12.team1.armanious 20:08, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

Edited By - --Egm4313.s12.team1.wyattling 19:52, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Statement
Find a general solution for the following two problems found in Pp. R1.5 in Sec. 2 p. 2-5.

Given

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y'' + 4y' + (\pi^2 + 4)y = 0 $$     (5.0)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Solution
The characteristic equation of this linear ODE with constant coefficients (L2-ODE-CC) is:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle \lambda^2+4\lambda+(\pi^2+4)=0 $$     (5.1)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Note: The discriminant of the characteristic equation is negative which gives roots of the form:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle \lambda=-\frac{1}{2}a\pm bi $$ (5.2)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

The general equation for this case of L2-ODE-CC is:

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y(x)=c_1e^{ax}\cos bx+c_2e^{ax}\sin bx $$ (5.3)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

By applying the quadratic equation to the characteristic equation, we see that the roots are:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle \lambda =-2\pm (4\pi)i $$     (5.4)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

This yields a general solution of:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="1"

$$  \displaystyle y(x)=c_1e^{-2x}\cos (4\pi*x)+c_2e^{-2x}\sin (4\pi*x) $$     (5.5)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Given

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y''=2\pi*y'+\pi^2y $$     (5.6)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Solution
This ODE is a linear ODE with constant coefficients (L2-ODE-CC).

First, equation (5.6) is rearranged into general form:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y''-(2\pi)y'-(\pi^2)y=0 $$     (5.7)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

The characteristic equation is:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle \lambda^2-2\pi\lambda-\pi^2=0 $$     (5.8)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Substituting the characteristic equation coefficients into the quadratic formula, we find:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle \lambda_1=\lambda_2=\lambda=\pi $$     (5.9)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Therefore, the general solution is:
 * {| style="width:100%" border="1"

$$  \displaystyle y(x)=c_1e^{\pi*x}+c_2xe^{\pi*x} $$     (5.10)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Author
Solved and Typed By - Egm4313.s12.team1.durrance 20:30, 25 January 2012 (UTC)

Reviewed By - Egm4313.s12.team1.silvestri 20:09, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

Edited By - --Egm4313.s12.team1.wyattling 19:53, 27 January 2012 (UTC)

Statement
For each ODE in Fig.2 in Kreyszig 2011 p.3 (except the last one involving a system of 2 ODEs), determine the order, linearity (or lack of), and show whether the principle of superposition can be applied.

Given

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y''=g=const. $$     (6.0)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle mv'=mg-bv^2 $$     (6.1)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle h'=-k\sqrt{h} $$     (6.2)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle my''+ky=0 $$     (6.3)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y''+w_{0}^2y=\cos wt, w_{0}/approx w $$ (6.4)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle LI''+RI'+\frac{C}I=E' $$     (6.5)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle EIy=f(x) $$     (6.6)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle L\Theta''+g\sin\Theta=0 $$     (6.7)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * }

Solution
For equations 6.0-6.7, we need to determine the order, whether or not its linear, and whether or not the superposition principal can be applied. The order of an equation is determined by the highest derivative present. The equation is said to be linear if the variable from which the derivatives are taken, is independently linear. Finally, superposition may be applied if the equation is in fact linear.

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y''=g=const. $$     (6.0)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * } Order: 2nd Linearity: Yes, all $$\displaystyle y $$ values are to a power of one. Superposition: Yes

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle mv'=mg-bv^2 $$     (6.1)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * } Order: 1st Linearity: No, the second $$\displaystyle v $$ in the equation is to the power of 2 Superposition: No, the equation is non-linear

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle h'=-k\sqrt{h} $$     (6.2)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * } Order: 1st Linearity: No, the second $$\displaystyle h $$ in the equation is to $$\displaystyle \frac{2} $$ power Superposition: No, the equation is non-linear

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle my''+ky=0 $$     (6.3)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * } Order: 2nd Linearity: Yes, each $$\displaystyle y $$ in the equation is to to a power of 1 Superposition: Yes, the equation is linear and homogeneous

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle y''+w_{0}^2y=\cos wt, w_{0}=w $$     (6.4)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * } Order: 2nd Linearity: Yes, each $$\displaystyle y $$ in the equation is to to a power of 1 Superposition: Yes

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle LI''+RI'+\frac{C}I=E' $$     (6.5)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * } Order: 2nd Linearity: Yes, each $$\displaystyle y $$ in the equation is to to a power of 1 Superposition: Yes

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle EIy=f(x) $$     (6.6)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * } Order: 4th Linearity: Yes, each $$\displaystyle y $$ in the equation is to to a power of 1 Superposition: Yes

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$  \displaystyle L\Theta''+g\sin\Theta=0 $$     (6.7)
 * style="width:95%" |
 * style="width:95%" |
 *

 * } Order: 2nd Linearity: No, the term $$\displaystyle \sin\Theta $$ is non-linear Superposition: No, the equation is non-linear.

Author
Solved and typed by - --Egm4313.s12.team1.rosenberg 15:13, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

Reviewed By - Egm4313.s12.team1.armanious 02:37, 1 February 2012 (UTC)

Edited By - --Egm4313.s12.team1.wyattling 19:55, 27 January 2012 (UTC)


text:
User:Egm4313.s12.team19.campbell.jc

My contribution to Report 1

For Report 1, I did Problem 1.3.

I also proofread Problem 1.4.

title: User:Egm4313.s12.team19.campbell.jc


text:
User talk:Egm4313.s12.team19.campbell.jc

Test of posted message.

This is the fourth edit of the page a minute later.

Sixth edit.


text:
User talk:Egm4313.s12.team2

The links to the individual group members' wiki pages can be found here: The link to the online LATEX code generator can be found here:Latex Code Generator
 * Corey Williams

title: User talk:Egm4313.s12.team2


text:
User:Netha Hussain

Wikipedia :en

title: User:Netha Hussain


text:
UCusingwikis

Introduction
Keith Lyons created this wiki page on 22 January in preparation for an afternoon workshop at the University of Canberra on 23 January 2012. The workshop explored a spectrum of wiki use. It was agreed to go away and try out a range of wikis, including Wikiversity.

Participants
Eighteen research students expressed an interest in the workshop. Sixteen were able to attend.

Than Nguyen, Holly Northam, Susan Sutherland, Zhaoxi Meng, Carolyn Page, Nicamil Sanchez Lucienne Kleisen, Sabrina Caldwell, Nehad Makhadmeh, Diane Phillips, Ruoxi Zhang, Graham Smith, Bilquis Ara, Lavneet Singh, Thuy Pham, Kerrie Doyle, Emdad Hossain.

Resources
These resources were used during the workshop (or in preparation for it).

 * The Networked Student
 * Commoncraft introduction to wikis
 * A blog post about the workshop.
 * Wiki Bookshelf of helpful resources.

Questions

 * What wiki use was explored?
 * What was discussed at the workshop?
 * What did people who intended learn from the workshop?
 * What other wikis were tried?
 * How did the various wikis compare?

title: UCusingwikis


text:
UCusingwikis/keithlyons

Welcome
This is my page link for the UC wiki workshop held at the University of Canberra on 23 January 2012.

title: UCusingwikis/keithlyons


text:
Draft talk:Original research/Radiation astronomy

Pageviews Analysis
Edits are not counted hits!

Draft:Original research/Radiation astronomy

Draft:Keynote lectures/Radiation astronomy

Keynote lectures/Radiation astronomy

Popularity - Radiation/Astronomy
Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/08
 * ranking. 0 Radiation/Astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/07
 * ranking. 0 Radiation/Astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/06
 * ranking. 0 Radiation/Astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/05
 * ranking. 0 Radiation/Astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/04
 * ranking. 13 Radiation/Astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/03
 * ranking. 39 Radiation/Astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/02
 * ranking. 115 Radiation/Astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/01
 * 868. 240 Radiation/Astronomy

Popularity - Radiation astronomy totals
Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/08
 * 664. 374 Radiation astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/07
 * ranking. 153 Radiation astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/06
 * ranking. 107 Radiation astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/05
 * ranking. 16 Radiation astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/04
 * 503. 543 Radiation astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/03
 * 806. 272 Radiation astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/02
 * 795. 279 Radiation astronomy

Wikiversity:Statistics/2019/01
 * 838. 253 Radiation astronomy

2018

 * 1) 729/1000 - 292 hits for Portal:Radiation astronomy /2018/05
 * 2) 962/1000 - 161 hits for Portal:Radiation astronomy /2018/04
 * 3) 846/1000 - 246 hits for Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles /2018/03
 * 4) 913/1000 - 220 hits for Radiation astronomy/Meteors /2018/03
 * 5) 817/1000 - 218 hits for Radiation astronomy /2018/02
 * 6) 822/1000 - 223 hits for Radiation astronomy /2018/01
 * 7) 966/1000 - 153 hits for Radiation astronomy/First orange source in Cancer /2018/01

2017
Total hits - 5098 hits for Radiation astronomy, courses and subpages --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 22:24, 28 March 2018 (UTC)
 * 1) 347/1000 - 599 hits for Radiation astronomy/Mathematics /2017/12
 * 2) 860/1000 - 183 hits for Radiation astronomy/Nebulas /2017/09
 * 3) 104/1000 - 1453 hits for Radiation astronomy/Radios /2017/08
 * 4) 384/1000 - 497 hits for Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Fall /2017/08
 * 5) 803/1000 - 180 hits for Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Final quiz /2017/08
 * 6) 992/1000 - 124 hits for Radiation astronomy/Subatomics /2017/08
 * 7) 548/1000 - 311 hits for Radiation astronomy/Outlines /2017/07
 * 8) 981/1000 - 112 hits for Radiation astronomy/Microwaves /2017/07 --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 22:44, 26 March 2018 (UTC)
 * 9) 747/1000 - 194 hits for Radiation astronomy/Outlines /2017/06
 * 10) 613/1000 - 330 hits for Radiation astronomy/Submillimeters /2017/05
 * 11) 941/1000 - 181 hits for Radiation astronomy/Submillimeters/Quiz /2017/05
 * 12) 882/1000 - 153 hits for Radiation astronomy/Microwaves /2017/04
 * 13) 952/1000 - 133 hits for Radiation astronomy /2017/04
 * 14) 836/1000 - 177 hits for Radiation astronomy/Microwaves /2017/03
 * 15) 907/1000 - 152 hits for Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Spring /2017/03
 * 16) 910/1000 - 151 hits for Radiation astronomy/Beta particles /2017/03
 * 17) 992/1000 - 126 hits for Special:PrefixIndex/Radiation astronomy/ /2017/03
 * 18) 831/1000 - 151 hits for Principles of radiation astronomy /2017/01
 * 19) 965/1000 - 115 hits for Radiation astronomy /2017/01

2016
Total hits - 6198
 * 1) 409 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Spring
 * 2) 302 - Radiation astronomy
 * 3) 219 - Radiation astronomy/Detectors
 * 4) 181 - Radiation astronomy/Cosmic rays
 * 5) 166 - Radiation astronomy/Opticals
 * 6) 165 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles
 * 7) 160 - Radiation astronomy/X-rays
 * 8) 138 - Radiation astronomy/Gamma rays
 * 9) 133 - Radiation astronomy/Microwaves
 * 10) 128 - Radiation astronomy/Telescopes
 * 11) 116 - Radiation astronomy/Submillimeters
 * 12) 101 - Radiation astronomy/Visuals
 * 13) 100 - Radiation astronomy/Mathematics
 * 14) 100 - Radiation astronomy/Neutrons
 * 15) 93 - Radiation astronomy/Greens
 * 16) 92 - Radiation astronomy/Reds
 * 17) 92 - Radiation astronomy/Satellites
 * 18) 91 - Radiation astronomy/Cyans
 * 19) 89 - Radiation astronomy/Blues
 * 20) 89 - Radiation astronomy/Electrons
 * 21) 89 - Radiation astronomy/Geography
 * 22) 89 - Radiation astronomy/Violets
 * 23) 88 - Radiation astronomy/Protons
 * 24) 87 - Radiation astronomy/Ultraviolets
 * 25) 82 - Radiation astronomy/History
 * 26) 82 - Radiation astronomy/Theory
 * 27) 81 - Radiation astronomy/Meteors
 * 28) 81 - Radiation astronomy/Superluminals
 * 29) 77 - Radiation astronomy/Oranges
 * 30) 73 - Radiation astronomy/Infrareds
 * 31) 72 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Final quiz
 * 32) 72 - Radiation astronomy/Muons
 * 33) 72 - Radiation astronomy/Yellows
 * 34) 69 - Radiation astronomy/Nebulas
 * 35) 68 - Radiation astronomy/Entities
 * 36) 64 - Radiation astronomy/Objects
 * 37) 62 - Radiation astronomy/Chemistry
 * 38) 62 - Radiation astronomy/Positrons
 * 39) 59 - Radiation astronomy/Quiz
 * 40) 58 - Radiation astronomy/Problem set
 * 41) 58 - Radiation astronomy/Radios
 * 42) 57 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Fall
 * 43) 54 - Radiation astronomy/Sources
 * 44) 53 - Radiation astronomy/Neutrinos
 * 45) 50 - Radiation astronomy/Radars
 * 46) 48 - Radiation astronomy/Beta particles
 * 47) 43 - Radiation astronomy/Lessons/First blue source in Boötes
 * 48) 41 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Midterm quiz
 * 49) 38 - Radiation astronomy/Empiricisms
 * 50) 38 - Radiation astronomy/Geography/Quiz
 * 51) 38 - Radiation astronomy/Superluminals/Quiz
 * 52) 37 - Radiation astronomy/Colors
 * 53) 37 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus
 * 54) 37 - Radiation astronomy/First cyan source in Caelum
 * 55) 35 - Radiation astronomy/Entities/Quiz
 * 56) 35 - Radiation astronomy/Opticals/Quiz
 * 57) 32 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Hourly 1
 * 58) 31 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Hourly 2
 * 59) 31 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Hourly 3
 * 60) 31 - Radiation astronomy/Neutrals
 * 61) 29 - Radiation astronomy/Telescopes/Quiz
 * 62) 28 - Radiation astronomy/X-rays/Course
 * 63) 27 - Radiation astronomy/Detectors/Quiz
 * 64) 26 - Radiation astronomy/History/Quiz
 * 65) 26 - Radiation astronomy/Radars/Quiz
 * 66) 26 - Radiation astronomy/Subatomics
 * 67) 25 - Radiation astronomy/Electrons/Quiz
 * 68) 25 - Radiation astronomy/Mesons
 * 69) 25 - Radiation astronomy/Neutrinos/Quiz
 * 70) 25 - Radiation astronomy/Oranges/Quiz
 * 71) 23 - Radiation astronomy/Chemistry/Quiz
 * 72) 23 - Radiation astronomy/Cosmic rays/Quiz
 * 73) 23 - Radiation astronomy/Greens/Quiz
 * 74) 23 - Radiation astronomy/Visuals/Quiz
 * 75) 22 - Radiation astronomy/Empiricisms/Quiz
 * 76) 22 - Radiation astronomy/Mathematics/Problem set
 * 77) 21 - Radiation astronomy/Blues/Quiz
 * 78) 21 - Radiation astronomy/Gamma rays/Quiz
 * 79) 21 - Radiation astronomy/Mathematics/Quiz
 * 80) 21 - Radiation astronomy/Ultraviolets/Quiz
 * 81) 20 - Radiation astronomy/Beta particles/Quiz
 * 82) 20 - Radiation astronomy/Empiricisms/Laboratory
 * 83) 20 - Radiation astronomy/Microwaves/Quiz
 * 84) 20 - Radiation astronomy/Reds/Quiz
 * 85) 20 - Radiation astronomy/Theory/Quiz
 * 86) 19 - Radiation astronomy/Meteors/Quiz
 * 87) 19 - Radiation astronomy/Objects/Quiz
 * 88) 19 - Radiation astronomy/Positrons/Quiz
 * 89) 19 - Radiation astronomy/Radios/Lessons
 * 90) 18 - Radiation astronomy/Hadrons
 * 91) 18 - Radiation astronomy/Subatomics/Quiz
 * 92) 18 - Radiation astronomy/X-rays/Quiz
 * 93) 17 - Radiation astronomy/Colors/Quiz
 * 94) 17 - Radiation astronomy/Radios/Quiz
 * 95) 17 - Radiation astronomy/Violets/Quiz
 * 96) 16 - Radiation astronomy/Satellites/Quiz
 * 97) 16 - Radiation astronomy/Yellows/Quiz
 * 98) 15 - Radiation astronomy/Cyans/Quiz
 * 99) 15 - Radiation astronomy/Mesons/Quiz
 * 100) 15 - Radiation astronomy/Protons/Quiz
 * 101) 14 - Radiation astronomy/Infrareds/Quiz
 * 102) 14 - Radiation astronomy/Muons/Quiz
 * 103) 13 - Radiation astronomy/Neutrons/Quiz
 * 104) 13 - Radiation astronomy/Submillimeters/Quiz
 * 105) 12 - Radiation astronomy/Sources/Quiz
 * 106) 9 - Radiation astronomy/Neutrals/Quiz
 * 107) 8 - Radiation astronomy/Hadrons/Quiz

2015
Totals - 17624
 * 1) 29. 39138 Radiation astronomy, includes all subpages, project summary.
 * 2) 403. 4431 Principles of Radiation Astronomy
 * 3) 583. 3135 Radiation astronomy
 * 4) 736. 2301 Radiation astronomy/Detectors
 * 5) 739. 2272 Radiation detectors
 * 6) 753. 2180 Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Spring
 * 7) 794. 1991 Proton astronomy
 * 8) 971. 1314 Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Fall

2014
Total hits - 68357
 * 1) 231. 7043 Principles of Radiation Astronomy
 * 2) 234. 7025 Radiation detectors
 * 3) 275. 6254 Gamma-ray astronomy
 * 4) 353. 5215 Radiation astronomy
 * 5) 567. 3505 Cosmic-ray astronomy
 * 6) 595. 3406 Blue astronomy
 * 7) 604. 3367 Neutrino astronomy
 * 8) 680. 3092 X-ray astronomy
 * 9) 694. 3050 Proton astronomy
 * 10) 699. 3029 Ultraviolet astronomy
 * 11) 715. 2978 Optical astronomy
 * 12) 726. 2931 Neutron astronomy
 * 13) 736. 2301 Radiation astronomy/Detectors
 * 14) 738. 2882 Violet astronomy
 * 15) 810. 2695 Positron astronomy
 * 16) 883. 2631 Visual astronomy
 * 17) 951. 2369 Radiation telescopes
 * 18) 984. 2304 Principles of Radiation Astronomy/Syllabus
 * 19) 994. 2280 Radiation geography

Plagiarism check
Pass. WMF copyvio tool using TurnItIn. Short phrases such as "A pair of stars orbiting close together produced the nebula..." were similarly used in external pages, quoted and referenced here, but not regarded as plagiarism. --Marshallsumter (discuss • contribs) 23:02, 17 January 2018 (UTC)

What is radiation astronomy and what's its source?
Electromagnetic radiation astronomy is a broader concept physics subject heading currently used by the American Physical Society (APS).

"Working Groups: Division VIII currently has none of its own, but those most likely to be of interest to members include Future Large Scale Facilities (chair, Richard Schilizzi), and "new messenger astronomy" (not the real title; it deals with dark matter, neutrinos, cosmic rays, gravitational radiation astronomy, very high energy gamma rays, and so forth) which comes under Division XI."

"Gamma radiation astronomy" is a term that dates back to 1965: PETERSON, LE (Laurence E. Peterson). "Experiments in X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy(X-ray and gamma radiation astronomy- OSO MEASUREMENTS)." 1965. 15 P (1965).


text:
Talk:Stars/X-ray classification

Dead link
During several automated bot runs the following external link was found to be unavailable. Please check if the link is in fact down and fix or remove it in that case!

 * http://wwwzb.fz-juelich.de/contentenrichment/inhaltsverzeichnisse/2010/9780750310353.pdf
 * In Astrophysics on 2012-01-08 08:37:27, 404 Not Found
 * In Astrophysics on 2012-01-15 08:37:28, 404 Not Found
 * In X-ray classification of stars on 2012-01-22 08:38:41, 404 Not Found

--Mu301Bot 08:38, 22 January 2012 (UTC)
 * Dead link to pdf deleted. Marshallsumter 17:09, 22 January 2012 (UTC)

title: Talk:Stars/X-ray classification


text:
User:Geeeethanjana

Geethanjana Wanigasekara
* Lunukatiyamadiththa M.V., * Pathadumbara M.V., * Dharmaraja College.
 * Age: 20
 * Religion: Buddhism
 * Nationality: Srilankan
 * Race: Sinhala
 * Student of:
 * A\L Subjects Combined Mathematics

title: User:Geeeethanjana


text:
Elsevier boycotts

In the fight for open access, many academics have started boycotting Reed Elsevier, one of the academic publishers, for their support of both the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the Research Works Act in the United States. This page collects resources about the boycott.

 * The Cost of Knowledge — a list of academics who have pledged to boycott Elsevier
 * Boycott Elsevier for Supporting SOPA, CSTheory Community Blog
 * A science-centric SOPA boycott, BoingBoing
 * Friends Don’t Let Friends Publish in Elsevier Journals, Crooked Timber
 * A Referee's Boycott, Computational Complexity
 * Cornell and Other University Libraries to Cancel Elsevier Titles
 * MDs, Scientists Call For Elsevier Group Boycott, GrrlScientist blog
 * Elsevier — my part in its downfall, Tim Gowers (mathematician)
 * Who Gets to See Published Research?, Chronicle of Higher Education

title: Elsevier boycotts


text:
User:Egm4313.s12.team14.tonyhan

Test....

title: User:Egm4313.s12.team14.tonyhan


text:
User talk:Egm4313.s12.team14.tonyhan

Test

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 03:42, 11 November 2013 (UTC)

title: User talk:Egm4313.s12.team14.tonyhan


text:
Template:Welcome and expand/doc

Usage
In many cases, this template can be used in place of Template:Delete. Assume Good Faith from new editors. If you find a page that has little useful content, but it could become a useful page, add this template. This also adds a page to Category:Freshly started resources for the duration of its month of creation, and thereafter assigns it to a "new resources" category based on the month and year of last modification. For a description of this template and related templates, see: Welcome templates Note: when you use this template, if the page was created by a registered user, please include the username of the creator of the page as an argument of the template. If the page was created by someone editing from an IP address (xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx), provide the IP address, e.g. :

or

title: Template:Welcome and expand/doc


text:
User:Egm4313.s12.team16.jennings

team16

title: User:Egm4313.s12.team16.jennings


text:
User:Egm4313.s12.team11

=Team 11 Members:=

Andrea Vargas

Daniel Suh

Gonzalo Perez

Francisco Arrieta

Kyle Gooding

Jonathan Sheider

Luca Imponenti

=Reports: =

Report 1

Report 2

Report 3

Report 4

Report 5

Report 6

Report 7

title: User:Egm4313.s12.team11


text:
University of Florida/Egm4313/s12.team11.vargas.aa

Report 2, Problem 2.6


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User:Egm4313.s12.team11.perez.gp/Lecture 1

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User:Eml4313.s12.team11.arrieta

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User:Eml4313.s12.team11.arrieta/Lecture 1

$$ f(x) = x^2\,\!$$


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User:Dsuh88

Testing math editor $$\frac{y^{3}}{x}$$

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University of Florida/Egm4313/s12.team11.R1

Intermediate Engineering Analysis Section 7566 Team 11 Due date: February 1, 2012.

Problem R1.1: Spring-dashpot system
Solved by Francisco Arrieta

Problem Statement

 * Derive the equation of motion of a spring-dashpot system in parallel, with a mass and applied force $$ f(t)$$.

Kinematics

 * $$ y=y_k=y_c \!$$         (1)

 * Since the spring and dashpot are placed parallel to each other, they will experience the same deformation when a force $$ f(t) $$ is applied on the system

Kinetics

 * $$ f(t)-f_k-f_c=my'' \!$$   (2)

 * Based on Newton's Second Law of Motion $$ \sum F=ma $$ where  $$ a $$  is the second derivative of position with respect to time

Relations

 * $$ f_k=ky_k \!$$  (3)

 * $$ f_c=cy_c' \!$$  (4)

Using (1) in (2)&(3):
 * $$ f_k=ky \!$$

 * $$ f_c=cy' \!$$

Then (2) becomes:

$$ f(t)-ky-cy'=my'' \!$$ Created by: Francisco Arrieta 22:05, 31 January 2012 (UTC)

Problem R1.2: Spring-mass-dashpot system (parallel)
Solved by Kyle Gooding

Problem Statement
Derive the equation of motion of the spring-mass-dashpot, with an applied force $$ r(t)\!$$ on the ball.

Kinematics
$$ y=y_{k}+y_{c}+y_{m}+r(t)\!$$

Kinetics
Spring

$$F_{k}=-k*y\!$$

Dashpot

$$F_{c}=-c*y'\!$$

Mass

$$F_{m}=m*y''\!$$

Forcing Function

$$F_{applied}=r(t)\!$$

Sum of Forces

$$\sum F_{applied}+F_{m}+F_{m}+F_{c}+F_{k}=0\!$$

Substitution

$$0=r(t)-m*y''-c*y'-k*y\!$$

And finally we find: $$r(t)=m*y''+c*y'+k*y\!$$ Created By: Kyle Gooding 01:46, 29 January 2012 (UTC)

Problem R1.3: Spring-mass-dashpot system (series)
Solved by Luca Imponenti

Problem Statement
For the spring-dashpot-mass system shown, draw the FBDs and derive the following equation of motion $$my''+f_I=f(t)\!$$

Solution
Where fI is the resistive force from both the spring and dash-pot and f(t) is our applied force.

Kinetics
$$ \sum F_y=ma=f(t)-f_I\!$$

which can be re-written as

$$my''+f_I=f(t)\!$$

Created by: Luca Imponenti 03:01, 30 January 2012 (UTC)

Problem R1.4: Circuit equation derivation
Solved by Gonzalo Perez

Problem Statement
Derive (3) and (4) from (2).

Given:

$$ V = LC\frac{dV^2_c}{dt^2} + RC\frac{dV_c}{dt} + V_c $$ (2)

$$ V' = LI'' + RI' + \frac{1}{C}I $$                     (3)

$$ V = LQ'' + RQ' + \frac{1}{C}Q $$                      (4)

Solution
First, let's solve for (3).

Recall that:

$$ Q = CV_c = \int Idt $$,

and

$$ I = C\frac{dV_c}{dt} = \frac{dQ}{dt} $$.

We can use this information to replace the differentiating terms accordingly.

After doing so, we get:

$$ V = L{I}' + RI + V_c \!$$

but knowing that $$ I = \frac{dQ}{dt} $$, we can rearrange the terms to get $$ V_c = \frac{1}{C}\int Idt $$.

Using this information in the previously derived equation, we find that:

$$ V = LI' + RI + \frac{1}{C}\int Idt $$.

Finally, after differentiating $$ V \!$$ with respect to $$ t \!$$, we get:

$$ V' = LI'' + RI' + \frac{1}{C}I $$.

Now, let's solve for (4).

Once again considering that $$ Q = CV_c \!$$, we can solve for (4) by differentiating

twice and then plugging it into (2).

Deriving twice, we find that:

$$ Q = CV_c \! $$

$$ Q' = C\frac{dV_c}{dt} $$

$$ Q'' = C\frac{dV^2_c}{dt^2} $$

After plugging this into (2), we see that:

$$ V = LQ'' + RQ' + V_c \! $$.

Once rearranging $$ Q = CV_c \! $$, we find that $$ V_c = \frac{Q}{C} $$.

We can plug this in to the above equation to get the solution: $$ V = LQ'' + RQ' + \frac{1}{C}Q $$ Created by: Gonzalo Perez 22:07, 31 January 2012 (UTC)

Problem R1.5: General solutions to ODEs
Solved by Jonathan Sheider

These problems are taken directly from Erwin Kreyszig's Advanced Engineering Mathematics, p.59 problems 4-5. The theory behind solving the differential equations is based on the derived mathematical approach to Solving Homogeneous Linear ODE's with Constant Coefficients (Erwin Kreyszig's Advanced Engineering Mathematics, pages 53-59).

Problem Statement
Find a general solution to the given ODE. Check your answer by substituting into the original equation.

Given: $${y}''+ 4{y}'+(\pi^2+4)y = 0\!$$

Solution
The characteristic equation of this ODE is therefore: $$\lambda^2 + a\lambda + b = \lambda^2 + 4\lambda  + (\pi^2+4 ) = 0\!$$ Evaluating the discriminant: $$ a^2 - 4b = 4^2 - 4(\pi^2 + 4) = -4\pi^2 < 0\!$$ Therefore the equation has two complex conjugate roots and a general homogenous solution of the form: $$ y = e^{-ax/2}(Acos(\omega x) + Bsin(\omega x))\!$$ Where: $$ \omega = \sqrt{b - \frac{1}{4}a^2} = \sqrt{\pi^2 + 4 - \frac{1}{4}(4)^2} = \sqrt{\pi^2} = \pi\!$$ And finally we find the general homogenous solution: $$ y = e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x )+ Bsin(\pi x))\!$$ Checking: We found that: $$ y = e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x )+ Bsin(\pi x))\!$$ Differentiating $$ y\!$$ to obtain $${y}'\!$$ and $${y}''\!$$ respectively: $$ {y}' = -2e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x)) + e^{-2x}(\pi Acos(\pi x)-\pi Bsin(\pi x))\!$$ $$ {y}' = -2e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x)) + \pi e^{-2x}( Acos(\pi x)- Bsin(\pi x))\!$$ $$ {y}'' = 4e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x)) -2 \pi e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x) - Bsin(\pi x))- 2 \pi e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x) - Bsin(\pi x)) -\pi^2 e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x))\!$$ $$ {y}'' = 4e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x)) -4 \pi e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x) - Bsin(\pi x)) -\pi^2 e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x))\!$$ Substituting these equations into the original ODE yields: $$ 4e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x)) -4 \pi e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x) - Bsin(\pi x)) -\pi^2 e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x))\!$$ $$ + 4(-2e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x)) + \pi e^{-2x}( Acos(\pi x)- Bsin(\pi x))) + (\pi^2 + 4)(e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x )+ Bsin(\pi x))) = 0\!$$ $$ 4e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x)) -4 \pi e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x) - Bsin(\pi x)) -\pi^2 e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x))\!$$ $$ -8e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x)) + 4\pi e^{-2x}( Acos(\pi x)- Bsin(\pi x)) + \pi^2 e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x )+ Bsin(\pi x)) + 4e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x )+ Bsin(\pi x)) = 0\!$$ $$ (4-8+4)e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x)) + (-4+4) \pi e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x) - Bsin(\pi x)) + (\pi^2-\pi^2) e^{-2x}(Acos(\pi x)+Bsin(\pi x)) = 0\!$$

$$ 0 \equiv 0 \!$$ Therefore this solution is correct.

Problem Statement
Find a general solution to the given ODE. Check your answer by substituting into the original equation.

Given: $${y}''+ 2\pi{y}'+\pi^2y = 0\!$$

Solution
The characteristic equation of this ODE is therefore: $$\lambda^2 + a\lambda + b = \lambda^2 + 2\pi\lambda  + \pi^2= 0\!$$ Evaluating the discriminant: $$ a^2 - 4b = (2\pi)^2 - 4(\pi^2) = 4\pi^2 - 4\pi^2 = 0\!$$ Therefore the equation has a real double root and a general homogenous solution of the form: $$ y = (c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-ax/2}\!$$ And finally we find the general homogenous solution: $$ y = (c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x}\!$$ Checking: We found that: $$ y = (c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x}\!$$ Differentiating $$ y\!$$ to obtain $${y}'\!$$ and $${y}''\!$$ respectively: $$ {y}' = c_{2}e^{-\pi x} - \pi (c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x}\!$$ And, $$ {y}'' = -\pi c_{2} e^{-\pi x}- \pi c_{2}e^{-\pi x} + \pi^2(c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x}\!$$ $$ {y}'' = -2\pi c_{2} e^{-\pi x} + \pi^2(c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x}\!$$ Substituting these equations into the original ODE yields: $$ -2\pi c_{2} e^{-\pi x} + \pi^2(c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x} + 2\pi(c_{2}e^{-\pi x} - \pi (c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x}) + \pi^2((c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x}) = 0\!$$ $$ -2\pi c_{2} e^{-\pi x} + \pi^2(c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x} + 2\pi c_{2}e^{-\pi x} - 2\pi^2 (c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x} + \pi^2(c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x} = 0\!$$ $$ (-2\pi + 2\pi) c_{2} e^{-\pi x} + (\pi^2 - 2\pi^2 + \pi^2)(c_{1}+c_{2}x)e^{-\pi x} = 0\!$$

$$ 0 \equiv 0 \!$$ Therefore this solution is correct. Created by: Jonathan Sheider 16:27, 31 January 2012 (UTC)

Problem R1.6: ODE linearity and superposition
Solved by Daniel Suh

Problem Statement
For each Ordinary Differential Equations, determine the order, linearity, and show whether the principal of superposition can be applied.

Order of ODEs
To find the order of Ordinary Differential Equations, (ODEs) simply check the differential order of the dependent variable. If the dependent variable is differentiated once, then it is a first order ODE. If it is differentiated twice, it is a second order ODE.

Linearity
To find the linearity of the ODE, check the power of the dependent variable. If the dependent variable is raised to the power of anything one than 1, then it is not linear. If the dependent variable is raised to the power of 1, then it is linear.

Superposition Principle
"For a homogeneous linear ODE (2), any linear combination of two solutions on an open interval I is again a solution of (2) on I. In particular, for such an equation, sums and constant multiples of solutions are again solutions." The function satisfies the superposition principle if the sum of the homogeneous solution and the particular solution is equal to $$\overline{y}(x)\!$$, with $$\overline{y}=(y_{h}+y_{p})\!$$ $$\overline{y}(x):=y_{h}(x)+y_{p}(x)\!$$

R1.6a

 * $$y''=g=const \!$$

 * Check superposition principle:
 * $$y''=g\!$$
 * $$y_{h}''=0\!$$
 * $$y_{p}''=g\!$$
 * $$(y_{h}+y_{p})\equiv\overline{y}''\!$$

Order of ODE: 2nd Order Linearity: Linear Superposition Principle: Yes

R1.6b

 * $$mv'=mg-bv^2 \!$$

 * Check superposition principle:
 * $$mv'+bv^2=mg\!$$
 * $$mv_{h}'+bv_{h}^2=0\!$$
 * $$mv_{p}'+bv_{p}^2=mg\!$$
 * $$m(v_{h}'+v_{p}')+b(v_{h}^2+v_{p}^2)\not\equiv m\overline{v}'+b(\overline{v}^2)\!$$

Order of ODE: 1st Order Linearity: Non-linear Superposition Principle: No

R1.6c

 * $$h'=-k\sqrt{h} \!$$

 * Check superposition principle:
 * $$h'+kh^{1/2}=0\!$$
 * $$h_{h}'+kh_{h}^{1/2}=0\!$$
 * $$h_{p}'+kh_{p}^{1/2}=0\!$$
 * $$(h_{h}'+h_{p}')+k(h_{h}^{1/2}+h_{p}^{1/2})\not\equiv\overline{h}'+k\overline{h}^{1/2}\!$$

Order of ODE: 1st Order Linearity: Non-linear Superposition Principle: No

R1.6d

 * $$my''+ky=0 \!$$

 * Check superposition principle:
 * $$y''+\frac{k}{m}y=0\!$$
 * $$y_{h}''+\frac{k}{m}y_{h}=0\!$$
 * $$y_{p}''+\frac{k}{m}y_{p}=0\!$$
 * $$(y_{h}+y_{p})+\frac{k}{m}(y_{h}+y_{p})\equiv\overline{y}''+\frac{k}{m}\overline{y}\!$$

Order of ODE: 2nd Order Linearity: Linear Superposition Principle: Yes

R1.6e

 * $$y''+\omega _{o}^{2}y=\cos (\omega t)\!$$

 * Check superposition principle:
 * $$y''+\omega _{o}^{2}y=\cos (\omega t)\!$$
 * $$y_{h}''+\omega _{o}^{2}y_{h}=0\!$$
 * $$y_{p}''+\omega _{o}^{2}y_{p}=\cos (\omega t)\!$$
 * $$(y_{h}+y_{p})+\omega _{o}^{2}(y_{h}+y_{p})\equiv\overline{y}''+\omega _{o}^{2}\overline{y}\!$$

Order of ODE: 2nd Order Linearity: Linear Superposition Principle: Yes

R1.6f

 * $$LI''+RI'+\frac{1}{C}I=E' \!$$

 * Check superposition principle:
 * $$I''+\frac{R}{L}I'+\frac{1}{LC}I=\frac{E'}{L}\!$$
 * $$I_{h}''+\frac{R}{L}I_{h}'+\frac{1}{LC}I_{h}=0\!$$
 * $$I_{p}''+\frac{R}{L}I_{p}'+\frac{1}{LC}I_{p}=\frac{E'}{L}\!$$
 * $$(I_{h}+I_{p})+\frac{R}{L}(I_{h}'+I_{p}')+\frac{1}{LC}(I_{h}+I_{p})\equiv\overline{I}''+\frac{R}{L}\overline{I}'+\frac{1}{LC}\overline{I}\!$$

Order of ODE: 2nd Order Linearity: Linear Superposition Principle: Yes

R1.6g

 * $$EIy^{iv}=f(x) \!$$

 * Check superposition principle:
 * $$y-\frac{1}{EI}y=0\!$$
 * $$y_{h}-\frac{1}{EI}y_{h}=0\!$$
 * $$y_{p}-\frac{1}{EI}y_{p}=0\!$$
 * $$(y_{h}'+y_{p}')-\frac{1}{EI}(y_{h}+y_{p})\equiv\overline{y}-\frac{1}{EI}\overline{y}\!$$

Order of ODE: 4th Order Linearity: Linear Superposition Principle: Yes

R1.6h

 * $$L\theta''+g\sin\theta=0 \!$$

 * Check superposition principle:
 * $$\theta''+\frac{g}{L}\sin\theta=0\!$$
 * $$\theta_{h}''+\frac{g}{L}\sin\theta_{h}=0\!$$
 * $$\theta_{p}''+\frac{g}{L}\sin\theta_{p}=0\!$$
 * $$(\theta_{h}+\theta_{p})+\frac{g}{L}(\sin\theta_{h}+\sin\theta_{p})\not\equiv\overline{\theta}''+\frac{g}{L}\sin\overline{\theta}\!$$

Order of ODE: 2nd Order Linearity: Non-linear Superposition Principle: No

R1.6i

 * $$y_{1}^{'}=ay_{1}-by_{1}y_{2} \!$$
 * $$y_{2}^{'}=ky_{1}y_{2}-ly_{1} \!$$

Order of ODE: 1st Order Linearity: Non-linear Superposition Principle: N/A Created by [| Daniel Suh] 21:59, 31 January 2012 (UTC)


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title: User:Egm4313.s12.team11.arrieta


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User:Egm4313.s12.team11.arrieta/Report 1

Problem Statement

 * Derive the equation of motion of a spring-dashpot system in parallel, with a mass and applied force $$ f(t)$$.

Kinematics:

 * $$ y=y_k=y_c \!$$         (1)

 * Since the spring and dashpot are placed parallel to each other, they will experience the same deformation when a force $$ f(t) $$ is applied on the system

Kinetics:

 * $$ f(t)-f_k-f_c=my'' \!$$   (2)

 * Based on Newton's Second Law of Motion $$ \sum F=ma $$ where  $$ a $$  is the second derivative of position with respect to time

Relations:

 * $$ f_k=ky_k \!$$  (3)

 * $$ f_c=cy_c' \!$$  (4)

Using (1) in (2)&(3):
 * $$ f_k=ky \!$$

 * $$ f_c=cy' \!$$

Then (2) becomes:

$$ f(t)=my''+cy'+ky \!$$

--Egm4313.s12.team11.arrieta 22:04, 31 January 2012 (UTC)


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User:Marshallsumter/Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles

The course objective is to provide students with the principles of radiation astronomy. At the end of the course, a student should have a well-rounded knowledge of astronomy, radiation, and observational and theoretical astronomy, each as they apply to radiation sources in the sky especially at night.

The course is built upon the ongoing research performed by astronomers, astrophysicists and astrochemists around the world and in the not so empty space above the Earth's atmosphere.

In line with the Wikiversity ideal of learning by doing are sixteen laboratory opportunities, an equal number of problem sets at several levels, and participatory lessons. To present a wide variety of concepts within radiation astronomy, there are forty-eight resources. References from the scholarly literature are included to challenge the student and open doors to further curiosity. Some sixteen supplemental quiz section resources are included for additional learning.

The course material is layered from a primary/secondary level, to a university/tertiary level, and topped off with an introduction to research of which some is here at Wikiversity. A label indicating the education level may not be present for each resource.

The general subject area is astronomy. This includes knowledge of chemistry, geography, geology, history, mathematics, physics, and other subjects.

Prerequisites
Although a working knowledge of calculus and physics is beneficial, most concepts presented require only an understanding of algebra. Additional learning resources are also provided through the course to increase a student's background knowledge.

Suggested prerequisites:
 * Astronomy
 * First astronomical radiation sources
 * Mathematical astronomy

Ancillary course materials

 * Astronomical observatories
 * Astrophysics
 * Cosmogony
 * First astronomical X-ray source
 * Galaxies
 * Detectors
 * Satellites for radiation astronomy
 * Source astronomy
 * Telescopes for radiation astronomy
 * Theoretical astronomy
 * Theoretical radiation astronomy

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All resources have been completed in time for students taking the course during any semester. Updates to any resource that do not affect course content may occur at any time. Other updates may occur either with appropriate notices or where the subsequent update is incorporated in any subsequent hourly, midterm or final quiz. Additional content revisions or updates will occur between semester offerings.

A completion icon may not be present for resources already at 100 %.

Resource changes that affect content after the beginning of a semester are not included in that term's requirements:
 * 1) Rocky objects described in Meteorites that are not meteorites or the product of meteorite falls or strikes are being removed as they are duplicates of material already in the course. Students are responsible for this material where it occurs outside the meteorites resource.

Resources
Each set of three resources are associated with the learning-by-doing laboratory experiences, mini-resources plus quizzes for the student to test their learning progress with some additional information, 2-3 lengthier exams often referred to as 'hourlies' (may take an hour to work through at a timed pace), a mid-term exam which is all-encompassing for the first half, and a final exam over the entire course material. The examinations are designed to be taken iteratively as many times as the student desires to achieve a thorough working knowledge of the subject.

 * 1) Radiation astronomy
 * 2) Meteor astronomy
 * 3) Galaxy cluster astronomy
 * 4) High-velocity galaxy astronomy
 * 5) Galaxy astronomy
 * 6) Active galactic nuclei astronomy
 * 7) Nebula astronomy
 * 8) Standard candle astronomy
 * 9) Hypervelocity stellar astronomy
 * 10) Stellar astronomy
 * 11) Plasma-meteor astronomy
 * 12) Scattered disk astronomy
 * 13) Planetary astronomy
 * 14) Oort cloud astronomy
 * 15) Cloud astronomy
 * 16) Kuiper belt astronomy
 * 17) Asteroid astronomy
 * 18) Cometary astronomy
 * 19) Aerometeor astronomy
 * 20) Rock astronomy
 * 21) Mineral astronomy
 * 22) Lightning astronomy
 * 23) Meteoroid astronomy
 * 24) Meteor-shower astronomy
 * 25) Fiery meteor astronomy
 * 26) Particle astronomy
 * 27) Lithometeor astronomy
 * 28) Cryometeor astronomy
 * 29) Hydrometeor astronomy
 * 30) Molecule astronomy
 * 31) Acoustic asronomy
 * 32) Atomic astronomy
 * 33) Neutrals astronomy
 * 34) Subatomics astronomy
 * 35) Cosmic-ray astronomy
 * 36) Alpha-particle astronomy
 * 37) Hadron astronomy
 * 38) Baryon astronomy
 * 39) Neutron astronomy
 * 40) Proton astronomy
 * 41) Meson astronomy
 * 42) Tauon astronomy
 * 43) Muon astronomy
 * 44) Neutrino astronomy
 * 45) Beta-particle astronomy
 * 46) Electron astronomy
 * 47) Positron astronomy
 * 48) Electromagnetic astronomy
 * 49) Synchrotron astronomy
 * 50) Color astronomy
 * 51) Gamma-ray astronomy
 * 52) X-ray astronomy
 * 53) Ultraviolet astronomy
 * 54) Optical astronomy
 * 55) Visual astronomy
 * 56) Violet astronomy
 * 57) Blue astronomy
 * 58) Cyan astronomy
 * 59) Green astronomy
 * 60) Yellow astronomy
 * 61) Orange astronomy
 * 62) Red astronomy
 * 63) Infrared astronomy
 * 64) Submillimeter astronomy
 * 65) Microwave astronomy
 * 66) Radar astronomy
 * 67) Radio astronomy
 * 68) Gravitational astronomy
 * 69) Superluminal astronomy

Quiz section resources

 * 1) Astronomical observatories
 * 2) Astrophysics
 * 3) Background astronomy
 * 4) Cosmogony
 * 5) Crater astronomy
 * 6) Electromagnetic radiation
 * 7) First astronomical sources
 * 8) First astronomical X-ray source
 * 9) Galaxies
 * 10) Intergalactic medium
 * 11) Interplanetary medium
 * 12) Interstellar medium
 * 13) Mathematical astronomy
 * 14) Meteorites
 * 15) Meteor radiation
 * 16) Radiation detectors
 * 17) Radiation entities
 * 18) Radiation history
 * 19) Radiation geography
 * 20) Radiation mathematics
 * 21) Radiation satellites
 * 22) Radiation telescopes
 * 23) Rocky-object astronomy
 * 24) Solar binary
 * 25) Source astronomy
 * 26) Standard candles
 * 27) Star-forming region
 * 28) Star fission
 * 29) Stellar active region
 * 30) Stellar science
 * 31) Stellar surface fusion
 * 32) Theoretical astronomy
 * 33) Theoretical radiation astronomy
 * 34) X-ray trigonometric parallax

Resources under development for likely inclusion

 * 1) Absorption astronomy
 * 2) Bands
 * 3) Continuum
 * 4) Emission astronomy
 * 5) Empirical radiation astronomy
 * 6) Distributional astronomy
 * 7) Intensity astronomy
 * 8) Radiation objects
 * 9) Radiation sources
 * 10) Spatial astronomy
 * 11) Spectral astronomy
 * 12) Spectroscopy
 * 13) Spectrometers
 * 14) Temporal astronomy
 * 15) Wavelength shifts

Resources under development for possible inclusion

 * 1) Airborne astronomy
 * 2) Analytical astronomy
 * 3) Ariel
 * 4) Astroglaciology
 * 5) Earth
 * 6) Earth as a rocky object
 * 7) Earth-orbit astronomy
 * 8) Empirical astronomy
 * 9) Entity astronomy
 * 10) Europa
 * 11) Exploratory astronomy
 * 12) Galactic evolution
 * 13) Ganymede
 * 14) Gaseous-object astronomy
 * 15) Gaseous-object astronomy/Jupiter [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]
 * 16) Gaseous-object astronomy/Neptune [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]
 * 17) Gaseous-object astronomy/Sun [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]
 * 18) Gaseous-object astronomy/Uranus [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]
 * 19) Heliocentric astronomy [[Image:Tulliana_launch.png|20px]]
 * 20) Heliognosy [[Image:Face-blush.svg|20px]]
 * 21) Heliogony [[Image:Tulliana_launch.png|20px]]
 * 22) Heliography [[Image:Face-blush.svg|20px]]
 * 23) Heliology [[Image:Tulliana_launch.png|20px]]
 * 24) Heliometry [[Image:SYawning.svg|20px]]
 * 25) Heliophysics [[Image:SYawning.svg|20px]]
 * 26) Helioseismology [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]
 * 27) Heliosphere [[Image:Tulliana_launch.png|20px]]
 * 28) Jupiter
 * 29) Liquid-object astronomy [[Image:Tulliana_launch.png|20px]]
 * 30) Liquids/Liquid objects/Earth [[Image:Face-blush.svg|20px]]
 * 31) Liquid-object astronomy/Saturn [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]
 * 32) Magnetohydrodynamics [[Image:Emblem-extra-cool.svg|20px]]R
 * 33) Mars
 * 34) Mercury
 * 35) Mercury
 * 36) Milky Way [[Image:Face-blush.svg|20px]]
 * 37) Mineral astronomy [[Image:Tulliana_launch.png|20px]]
 * 38) Mineralogy
 * 39) Minerals
 * 40) Miranda [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]
 * 41) Neptune [[Image:SYawning.svg|20px]]
 * 42) Nucleosynthesis [[Image:Face-blush.svg|20px]]
 * 43) Object astronomy
 * 44) Orbital platforms
 * 45) Plasma-object astronomy [[Image:SYawning.svg|20px]]
 * 46) Regional astronomy [[Image:Nuvola apps kcontrol.gif|20px]]
 * 47) Rocks
 * 48) Rocky-object astronomy/Mars [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]
 * 49) Rocky-object astronomy/Venus [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]
 * 50) Saturn [[Image:Nuvola apps kcontrol.gif|20px]]
 * 51) Saturn as a gaseous object
 * 52) Solar astronomy [[Image:Tulliana_launch.png|20px]]
 * 53) Solar systems [[Image:Emblem-extra-cool.svg|20px]]R
 * 54) Standard solar models [[Image:Tulliana_launch.png|20px]]
 * 55) Stars
 * 56) Stellar astronomy [[Image:Face-blush.svg|20px]]
 * 57) Stellar evolution
 * 58) Sun

Laboratories
For the course, sixteen laboratories should be completed. Examinations containing information from any laboratory will list it.

 * 1) Analytical astronomy
 * 2) Astrognosy
 * 3) Cosmogony
 * 4) Cratering
 * 5) Distance to the Moon
 * 6) Electric orbits
 * 7) Electron beam heating
 * 8) Empirical radiation astronomy/Laboratory
 * 9) Galaxies
 * 10) Intergalactic medium
 * 11) Locating the Sun
 * 12) Magnetic field reversal
 * 13) Meteorites
 * 14) Neutrinos from the Sun
 * 15) Polar reversals
 * 16) Spectrum of Vega
 * 17) Standard candles
 * 18) Vertical precession
 * 19) X-ray classification of a star
 * 20) X-ray trigonometric parallax

Lessons
Lessons are participatory original research projects. They are part of the history of science and only require some skills in map reading and comparison and contrast. Some familiarity with literature searching such as on Wikipedia, SIMBAD, or the web is beneficial and included in the instructions.

 * 1) First blue source in Boötes
 * 2) First cyan source in Caelum
 * 3) First gamma-ray source in Scutum
 * 4) First gamma-ray source in Triangulum Australe
 * 5) First green source in Tucana
 * 6) First infrared source in Crux
 * 7) First microwave source in Cepheus
 * 8) First neutron source in Volans
 * 9) First orange source in Cancer
 * 10) First positron source in Phoenix
 * 11) First radio source in Pisces
 * 12) First red source in Canis Major
 * 13) First submillimeter source in Carina
 * 14) First superluminal source in Indus
 * 15) First ultraviolet source in Sagittarius
 * 16) First violet source in Leo
 * 17) First X-ray source in Andromeda
 * 18) First X-ray source in Antlia
 * 19) First X-ray source in Apus
 * 20) First X-ray source in Aquarius
 * 21) First X-ray source in Centaurus
 * 22) First yellow source in Aquila

Problem sets

 * 1) Energy phantoms
 * 2) Furlongs per fortnight
 * 3) Radiation mathematics/Problem set
 * 4) Radiation astronomy/Problem set
 * 5) Vectors and coordinates
 * 6) Unknown coordinate systems
 * 7) Unusual units
 * 8) Telescopes and cameras
 * 9) Angular momentum and energy
 * 10) Cosmic circuits
 * 11) Column densities
 * 12) Spectrographs
 * 13) Planck's equation
 * 14) Synchrotron radiation/Problem set
 * 15) Radiation dosage
 * 16) Star jumping

Under development:
 * 1) Lenses and focal lengths [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]
 * 2) Neutrino emissions [[Image:Smiley green alien cry.svg|20px]]

Quizzes
The quizzes may be rated by number of questions, with 100 questions being a high level of completion, even though some are at lower numbers of questions.

 * 1) Astronomical observatories/Quiz
 * 2) Astrophysics/Quiz
 * 3) Background astronomy/Quiz
 * 4) Beta-particle astronomy/Quiz
 * 5) Blue astronomy/Quiz
 * 6) Cosmogony/Quiz
 * 7) Cosmic-ray astronomy/Quiz
 * 8) Crater astronomy/Quiz
 * 9) Cyan astronomy/Quiz
 * 10) Electron astronomy/Quiz
 * 11) First astronomical source/Quiz
 * 12) First astronomical X-ray source/Quiz
 * 13) Galaxies/Quiz
 * 14) Gamma-ray astronomy/Quiz
 * 15) Green astronomy/Quiz
 * 16) Infrared astronomy/Quiz
 * 17) Intergalactic medium/Quiz
 * 18) Interplanetary medium/Quiz
 * 19) Interstellar medium/Quiz
 * 20) Mathematical astronomy/Quiz
 * 21) Meteor astronomy/Quiz
 * 22) Meteorites/Quiz
 * 23) Microwave astronomy/Quiz
 * 24) Muon astronomy/Quiz
 * 25) Neutrino astronomy/Quiz
 * 26) Neutron astronomy/Quiz
 * 27) Optical astronomy/Quiz
 * 28) Orange astronomy/Quiz
 * 29) Positron astronomy/Quiz
 * 30) Proton astronomy/Quiz
 * 31) Radar astronomy/Quiz
 * 32) Radiation/Quiz
 * 33) Radiation astronomy/Quiz
 * 34) Radiation detectors/Quiz
 * 35) Radiation entities/Quiz
 * 36) Radiation geography/Quiz
 * 37) Radiation history/Quiz
 * 38) Radiation mathematics/Quiz
 * 39) Radiation satellites/Quiz
 * 40) Radiation telescopes/Quiz
 * 41) Radio astronomy/Quiz
 * 42) Red astronomy/Quiz
 * 43) Solar binary/Quiz
 * 44) Source astronomy/Quiz
 * 45) Standard candles/Quiz
 * 46) Star fission/Quiz
 * 47) Star-forming region/Quiz
 * 48) Stellar active region/Quiz
 * 49) Stellar science/Quiz
 * 50) Stellar surface fusion/Quiz
 * 51) Submillimeter astronomy/Quiz
 * 52) Superluminal astronomy/Quiz
 * 53) Theoretical astronomy/Quiz
 * 54) Theoretical radiation astronomy/Quiz
 * 55) Ultraviolet astronomy/Quiz
 * 56) Violet astronomy/Quiz
 * 57) Visual astronomy/Quiz
 * 58) X-ray astronomy/Quiz
 * 59) X-ray trigonometric parallax/Quiz
 * 60) Yellow astronomy/Quiz

Hourlies

 * 1) Hourly - resources 1-16
 * 2) Hourly - resources 17-32
 * 3) Hourly - resources 33-48

Midterm examination

 * Principles of radiation astronomy/Midterm quiz

Final examination

 * Principles of radiation astronomy/Final quiz

Alternate examinations that may be used by your college or university for credit (and a grade) in this course will be available from Wikiversity by courier for closed proctored session testing of proficiency.

Syllabus
While this course may be taken in any order by each student, it may also be taken during a specific calendar period comparable to a university semester such as from January through May or August through December.

Consult the syllabus for the weekly schedule.

Next semester offering:
First full week in January 2023 through May 2023. Principles of radiation astronomy/Syllabus/Spring

Ongoing semester offering:
First full week in August 2022 through December 2022. Principles of radiation astronomy/Syllabus/Fall

Weekly resources
Each full week one resource on each Monday, Wednesday, and Friday. Three resources in the order indicated in the template Principles of radiation astronomy at the page bottom.

Weekly laboratories
One laboratory opportunity is to be attempted for each of the sixteen weeks and is due at the beginning of the following week.

Each laboratory opportunity is to be started on Tuesday with the lab report due the following Tuesday.

Weekly lessons
The lessons are once a week beginning on Thursday and the report is due the following Thursday. Contributions to the online lesson are voluntary. Student does so being aware that the information once contributed is as "Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License; additional terms may apply." Note online contributions in lesson report.

Weekly problem sets
Problem sets are to be started on Thursday with the written answers showing work due the following Thursday.

Quiz sections
Each Tuesday has a quiz section mini-resource.

In the Thursday quiz section, the quiz for the mini-resource is to be taken.

Problem sets and lesson contributions are due at the beginning of the Thursday quiz section.

Entities

 * 1) Several courses could be offered dealing with radiation astronomy.
 * 2) A dynamic-only course could be offered dealing with specific radiation astronomies or potential radiation astronomies.

Student participation
For the period 8/17 to 9/16/2014, a minimum of 20 unregistered students is viewing or reading each resource in the fall presentation of the course. A maximum number of 1126 hit the radiation astronomy keynote resource of 9/8/2014. This assumes each student hit the resource only once during the period.

Radiation astronomy, which has no direct comparison on Wikipedia, had 2,123 for the period. This is comparable to a special astronomy on Wikipedia, see below.

As a cross-wiki comparison,
 * 1) X-ray astronomy on Wikipedia had 3,315 hits versus 172-193,
 * 2) Astronomy had 362-368 versus Astronomy on Wikipedia had 51,445-54,120,
 * 3) Ultraviolet astronomy had 1,256-1,288 on Wikipedia versus 181-198 on Wikiversity,
 * 4) Gamma-ray astronomy 1,967-1,857 on Wikipedia versus 285-292,
 * 5) Astrophysics 27,988-26,607 on Wikipedia versus 164-165, and

Projects:
 * 1) 2015 49. 27083 Astronomy, includes all subpages

Course participation:
 * 1) 2014 144. 9999 Mathematical astronomy
 * 2) 2015 218. 7830 Mathematics/Astronomy
 * 3) 2015 518. 3515 Mathematical astronomy
 * 4) 2016 110. 13881 Mathematics/Astronomy
 * 5) 2014 401. 4623 Astronomy
 * 6) 2015 434. 4118 Astronomy
 * 7) 2016 474. 3647 Astronomy
 * 8) 2014 231. 7043 Principles of Radiation Astronomy
 * 9) 2015 403. 4431 Principles of Radiation Astronomy
 * 10) 2016 611. 2572 Principles of Radiation Astronomy
 * 11) 2014 234. 7025 Radiation detectors
 * 12) 2014 275. 6254 Gamma-ray astronomy
 * 13) 2015 506. 3863 Meteorites
 * 14) 2014 567. 3505 Cosmic-ray astronomy
 * 15) 2014 595. 3406 Blue astronomy
 * 16) 2014 604. 3367 Neutrino astronomy
 * 17) 2014 612. 3349 Galaxies
 * 18) 2014 667. 3146 Regional astronomy
 * 19) 2014 680. 3092 X-ray astronomy
 * 20) 2014 694. 3050 Proton astronomy
 * 21) 2014 699. 3029 Ultraviolet astronomy
 * 22) 2014 715. 2978 Optical astronomy
 * 23) 2014 726. 2931 Neutron astronomy
 * 24) 2015 736. 2301 Radiation astronomy/Detectors
 * 25) 2014 738. 2882 Violet astronomy
 * 26) 2015 738. 2279 Intergalactic medium
 * 27) 2015 739. 2272 Radiation detectors
 * 28) 2015 753. 2180 Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Spring
 * 29) 2014 769. 2801 Source astronomy
 * 30) 2015 794. 1991 Proton astronomy
 * 31) 2014 810. 2695 Positron astronomy
 * 32) 2014 873. 2549 Crater astronomy
 * 33) 2015 878. 1635 Planetary sciences
 * 34) 2014 883. 2631 Visual astronomy
 * 35) 2014 895. 2511 Interstellar medium
 * 36) 2014 897. 2511 Theoretical astronomy
 * 37) 2014 921. 2436 Interplanetary medium
 * 38) 2015 947. 1385 Astrophysics
 * 39) 2014 951. 2369 Radiation telescopes
 * 40) 2015 965. 1336 Stellar science
 * 41) 2014 968. 2323 Astrophysics
 * 42) 2015 971. 1314 Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Fall
 * 43) 2014 983. 2305 Intergalactic medium
 * 44) 2014 984. 2304 Principles of Radiation Astronomy/Syllabus
 * 45) 2015 985. 1264 Planets/Quiz
 * 46) 2015 987. 1262 Saturn
 * 47) 2014 994. 2280 Radiation geography

The top 100 learning projects for 2015 (through October), includes all pages and subpages, concerning the course are
 * 1) 49. 27083 - Astronomy, with 40 subpages.

The ranking of astronomy resources in this course during 2015 of the top 1000 in number of hits here at Wikiversity are
 * 1) 218. 7830 - Astronomy/Mathematics or Mathematical astronomy
 * 2) 403. 4431 - Principles of Radiation Astronomy
 * 3) 434. 4118 - Astronomy
 * 4) 518. 3515 - Mathematical astronomy
 * 5) 652. 2823 - Classical planets
 * 6) 736. 2301 - Radiation detectors
 * 7) 738. 2279 - Intergalactic medium
 * 8) 739. 2272 - Radiation detectors
 * 9) 753. 2180 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Spring
 * 10) 794. 1991 - Proton astronomy
 * 11) 878. 1635 - Planetary science
 * 12) 947. 1385 - Astrophysics
 * 13) 965. 1336 - Stellar science
 * 14) 971. 1314 - Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Fall
 * 15) 993. 1236 - Classical planets/Quiz

Those astronomy resources not specifically a part of the course are
 * 1) 322. 5382 - School:Physics and Astronomy
 * 2) 950. 1372 - Planets
 * 3) 985. 1264 - Planets/Quiz
 * 4) 987. 1262 - Saturn
 * 5) 995. 1236 - Planets around other stars
 * 6) 998. 1233 - Category:Introduction to the Planets
 * 7) 999. 1233 - Introduction to the Planets

The top 100 learning projects for 2014, includes all pages and subpages, concerning the course were none.

The ranking of astronomy resources in this course, or often mentioned, of the top 1000 here at Wikiversity are
 * 1) 144. 9999 - Mathematical astronomy
 * 2) 226. 7135 - Stellar science
 * 3) 231. 7043 - Principles of radiation astronomy
 * 4) 234. 7025 - Radiation detectors
 * 5) 275. 6254 - Gamma-ray astronomy
 * 6) 401. 4623 - Astronomy
 * 7) 506. 3863 - Meteorites
 * 8) 567. 3505 - Cosmic-ray astronomy
 * 9) 595. 3406 - Blue astronomy
 * 10) 604. 3367 - Neutrino astronomy
 * 11) 612. 3349 - Galaxies
 * 12) 642. 3259 - Electron astronomy
 * 13) 667. 3146 - Regional astronomy
 * 14) 680. 3092 - X-ray astronomy
 * 15) 694. 3050 - Proton astronomy
 * 16) 699. 3029 - Ultraviolet astronomy
 * 17) 715. 2978 - Optical astronomy
 * 18) 726. 2931 - Neutron astronomy
 * 19) 734. 2899 - Template talk:Astronomy resources
 * 20) 738. 2882 - Violet astronomy
 * 21) 769. 2801 - Source astronomy
 * 22) 810. 2695 - Positron astronomy
 * 23) 873. 2549 - Crater astronomy
 * 24) 883. 2531 - Visual astronomy
 * 25) 895. 2511 - Interstellar medium
 * 26) 897. 2511 - Theoretical astronomy
 * 27) 921. 2436 - Interplanetary medium
 * 28) 951. 2369 - Radiation telescopes
 * 29) 968. 2323 - Astrophysics
 * 30) 983. 2305 - Intergalactic medium
 * 31) 984. 2304 - Principles of Radiation Astronomy/Syllabus
 * 32) 994. 2280 - Radiation geography

Those astronomy resources not specifically a part of the course are
 * 1) 302. 5933 - School:Physics and Astronomy
 * 2) 734. 2899 - Template talk:Astronomy resources
 * 3) 814. 2683 - Astronomy Project
 * 4) 963. 2338 - Portal:Physics and Astronomy


text:
User:Egm4313.s12.team8.kyle

yo yo yo

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/R4.1

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title: User:Egm4313.s12.team8.kyle


text:
Category:Egm4313.s12.team1

Category page as requested by professor. What is it used for?

title: Category:Egm4313.s12.team1


text:
User:Nicamil sanchez

Academic Experience

Australian Catholic University PhD Candidate

title: User:Nicamil sanchez


text:
User:Zhaoxi Meng

A PhD student in UNSW@Canberra. My research topic is to see what factors drive the consumer demand for solar PV systems.

title: User:Zhaoxi Meng