text:
User:Jsswift

Hello,

I guess on this page I'm supposed to say a little about myself.

I have a B.F.A. from Iowa State University with an emphasis in Graphic Design, and have recently joined the Wiki-community to hopefully share knowlege that I have attained there while gaining knowlege that interests me at the same time.

My intrests include, but are not limited to: - Graphic Design (of course) - Art/Design in general - Constitutional Law/Political Science - Learning Chinese - Computer Programming (in particular web programming e.g. flash, .html and etc)

I am really excited about the idea of a free online universtity, I only hope that I can contribute information that can help somebody in some way.

Sincerely,

Jsswift

title: User:Jsswift


text:
User talk:Jsswift

Welcome
Hello Jsswift, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --JWSchmidt 01:40, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Page titles
Hi, Jsswift. I corrected some spelling mistakes in your page titles and moved the pages accordingly. Another question: you're creating a lot of pages in the "topic" namespace. Are you sure you know what you're doing? If not, feel welcome to contact me with any questions on my talk page. --McCormack 05:54, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Just in case you feel reluctant to edit after my "corrections", please remember that a principle of Wikiversity is be bold! Hopefully you will remain bold! Things can always be tidied up afterwards. --McCormack 11:24, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Jsswift


text:
User talk:BrianAsh

Welcome
Hello BrianAsh, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --JWSchmidt 01:41, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Relational Tree of Phytological Interest
Plant sciences
 * Botany          --Plants for plants sake
 * Plant Taxonomy  (Though Taxa are not limited to plants)
 * Etnobotany
 * Regional Botany
 * Plant Physiology
 * Agriculture       --for human consumption (culture is not limited to plants)
 * Aquaculture
 * Farming
 * Horticulture
 * Natural Resources -- For Ecosystems managment
 * Forestry
 * Wilderness Preservation
 * Ecology

Also closely related:
 * Applied Ecology
 * Bioengineering
 * Phytoremediation
 * Ecohydrology
 * Microclimatology
 * Biospherics
 * Biosystems Engineering

Within the school of plant sciences there are different focusses one can take
 * Plants for there own sake         --phytology
 * Plants as components of ecosystems --ecohydrology
 * Plants for human consumption      --agriculture
 * Human use of plants               --ethno botany
 * Plants as tools for engineering   --Applied ecology

title: User talk:BrianAsh


text:
Graphic Design/Elements of Design

The Elements of Visual Design
The Elements of Design are the basic building blocks of any design or composition.

The Elements of Design include:

 * Line : can be used to create shapes, lead the viewer's eye, and define form. Lines can vary in weight, length, and direction to create different visual effects.
 * Shapes : Shapes are enclosed areas defined by lines or changes in color/value. Shapes can be geometric (e.g. squares, circles) or organic (e.g. flowing, irregular).
 * Form : Form refers to the three-dimensional quality of an object, created through the use of light, shadow, and perspective.
 * Space : Positive space refers to the subject or focal point, while negative space is the empty area surrounding the subject. The balance between positive and negative space is important.
 * Value : Value refers to the lightness or darkness of a color or tone. Contrasting values can create depth, define form, and highlight focal points.
 * Color : Color is a powerful design element that can evoke emotions, draw attention, and create contrast. Color has properties of hue, value, and saturation.
 * Movement: Movement in a design can be implied through the use of lines, shapes, and the positioning of elements. This can guide the viewer's eye through the composition.
 * Pattern: Patterns are repeated designs using any of the above elements. Patterns can create visual interest, rhythm, and a sense of unity.

The Principles of Design:

The Principles of Design are guidelines for organization.

The Principles of Visual Design include:
 * Rhythm
 * Unity (harmony)
 * Economy (deletion)
 * Repetition
 * Similarity
 * Concentration
 * Radiation
 * Gradation
 * Anomaly
 * Proximity
 * Texture (pattern)
 * Closure
 * Direction

Unity

Unity (harmony) is the similarity between the design elements. Its function is to organize design elements. It is created through repetitive or limited use of design elements. The weakness of unity is that it is boring and monotonous.

There are two types of unity: Dominant and Subordinate.
 * Dominant Unity is the group of elements repeated less.
 * Subordinate Unity is the group of elements that is repeated more.

Contrast

Contrast, on the other hand, is the difference between design elements. The function of contrast is to create visual interest; it is a break in Repetition.

Emphasis

Emphasis is contrast that clarifies.

Focal Point

Is an area of extreme contrast.

Movement

Movement is visual arrangements that create visual pathways. Movement is created through repetition or the use of lines.

Format

Format is the space in which a composition is created.

Balance

Balance is the equalization of elements.
 * Symmetrical Balance has equal weights and equal distance from the center.
 * Asymmetrical Balance has unequal weights with the larger weight closer to the center.
 * Radial Balance has design elements radiating from a point.
 * Intuitive Balance elements spread uniformly through a space.

Many other factors are important in your final presentation of your design, but are not design principles or elements such as:
 * Usability
 * Functionality
 * Materials
 * Finishing quality
 * Lighting and presentation

Assignment 1:

Create a composition for each of the Design Principles listed above, utilizing the design elements.

(Example: Create a composition using the design principle rhythm, by using a line (a design element).

Assignment 2:

Create a composition that demonstrates the design principle of balance, using shape (a design element) as the primary focus.

Assignment 3:

Design a composition that conveys the principle of emphasis, utilizing value (a design element) to draw the viewer's attention.

title: Graphic Design/Elements of Design


text:
Graphic Design/Design Process

The Graphic Design Process:
 * Lesson 1: Problem Definition
 * Lesson 2: Design Research
 * Lesson 3: Ideation
 * Lesson 4: Refinement
 * Lesson 5: Implementation

title: Graphic Design/Design Process


text:
Graphic Design/Design Process/Ideation

Ideation

This is the part of the design process where you create thumbnails of various possible compositions for the project that you have started. It is not uncommon to do upwards of 200 to 300 thumbnails for one composition.

Be sure to use all of the research from the previous step in the graphic design process, otherwise the research was pointless and your design will suffer.

Assignment 3: Create 200 thumbnails for the project that you are creating for Leo's Lemon Grove. Be sure to use the design research from the previous step.

title: Graphic Design/Design Process/Ideation


text:
Graphic Design/Design Process/Design Research

Design Research

This is the most important stage of the Graphic Design Process; the stage that forges the look and feel of your design.

First of all you will want to learn everything that you can about the client's product or service that you will be advertising in your design.

If your client sells lemons, then you need to learn all that you can about lemons, what season they're grown, what they look like, do they have big seeds, little seeds, no seeds, what color are they, what is their texture, do they grow on a tree, or do they grow in a bush. If you research correctly, by the end of your research you should be so sick of lemons that you'll never want to have lemonade again.

Next you have to choose what design styles/movement are you going to use in the composition. Are you going to use Swiss design, are you going to use a DaDa-ist feel?

Be sure to research Graphic design movements before you start the next phase of the design process.

You should also research/include different fonts and typefaces to include in your sketches and final composition.

Another thing that you need to research is the medium that you want to compose in. Do you want to use 4 color press on paper, or something more unique like a screen print on burlap to signify the lemons being shipped to the store in the burlap sacks (which you learned from your research of lemons.)

Assignment 2: Research

1. Find out all that you can about Leo's Lemons(or whatever client sells/or provides service for.)

2. Research famous Graphic Designers and famous Graphic Design movements in history. Then choose a few that represent your client or his product/service.

3. Research different mediums that you could use for this project, e.g. press v.s. screen printing v.s. whatever.


text:
Graphic Design/Design Process/Problem Definition

Problem Definition:
Before you start a project you need to find out what the client needs. If the client needs a pamphlet, and you give him a website he's going to be very upset. So the first step that you should take is to find out what the client needs.

After you know what the client needs (content requirements), and what the format requirements are you can move onto the next stage of the Grapic Design Process: Research.

Assignment 1: Leo's Lemon Farm Poster Project
A client wishes for you to produce a design piece that will promote and increase his business. Let's just say that the business is citrus agriculture (you may choose a different industy/business; citrus agriculture was chosen arbitrarily.)

The client would like a poster that he could send to clients and hang around the citrus orchard.

Answer the following:

What other questions would you ask this client before continuing with this project?

Examples of possible additional questions to ask the citrus grower

 * What kind of citrus?
 * Can I have some? (for research, sketching, photo shoot, etc.)
 * How much does it cost?
 * One orchard or more?
 * Where is it/them?
 * What characteristic distinguishes your citrus from others citrus?
 * Why is your citrus better?
 * How much citrus do you sell/produce?
 * Who do you sell your citrus to?
 * What do they do with it?
 * How do you ship it?
 * How do you crate or package it?
 * How long have you been in business?
 * Who are your competitors?
 * Why do you grow citrus?
 * How did you get started in the business?
 * Who are you trying to reach/communicate with?
 * What do you want to convey with this poster?
 * What kind of corporate image do you want to build?


text:
Graphic Design/Design Process/Refinement

Refinement

After completing the thumbnail sketches, you need to pick your top 3 sketches to expand upon and refine to fruition. You should probably have another designer pick 3 of his/her favorite to refine as well.

So after you refine those 6 thumbnails to a point where they make visual sense, you need to put them through the acid Kool-Aid test known as......the critique.

The critique is basically when you show your work to somebody else and see what they think of what you've made. The critique person can be pretty much anyone, but ideally the person who does the critique should be sombody in the target audience for your product or somebody else in the design field.

The more critical the person, the better your composition will be, so don't ever be offend by what sombody says during a critique.

After the initial critique, you should make the changes and re-print the composition when you are satisfied by it and show it to the client for one final critique.

If the client gives it the O.K.(make sure that they sign off on it) then proceed to the next step of the design process, Implementation.

Assignment 4: Refine/Critique

1. Choose 3 thumbnail sketches from the 200 that you completed for "Leo's Lemon Grove" and refine them to a near final state kind of like a prototype

2. Have a friend choose 3 thumbnail sketches and refine them to a near final state

3. Have a friend critique your final work.

4. Then add to your portfolio.


text:
Graphic Design/Design Process/Implementation

Implementation:

Implementation is the simple act of applying your design to what ever purpose it was designed for.

For a poster the design is printed in some way, shape or form. For a website, it is posted on the internet and etc.

Assignment 5: Implementation

No homework today! Take the day off you deserve it!


text:
User:El-vis

A guy from Norway

title: User:El-vis


text:
User:BrianAsh

 * 2008. MS in Biosystems & Agricultural Engineering.University of Minnesota (USA) Bioproducts & Biosystems Engineering Department.
 * 1997. BSS in Chemistry & Environmental Studies with a Biology Minor. 1997 Cornell College MT.Vernon,IA (USA)

I am interdisciplinary applying practical engineering tools to address ecohydrology, waste management, and sustainability issues.

The Bloom Clock is of particular interest to me as it could evolve to include other phenomena relevant to modeling plant growth and responses to soil & weather.

My hobby interests focus on Applied Ecology of plants native to the Midwestern United States and Biosystems Engineering (e.g. Ecohydrologic models for rain garden design). While the Bloom clock is a great idea, I'm more interested in plant emergence, growth, and dormancy for ecohydrological rain garden models. The specificity of plant locations and environment (eg. Minneapolis, MN; 44.98lat, 93.4long; full sun, SE facing slope, in Sandy Loam, soil moist) can greatly increase data value).

I mention this because of my frustration with ecological accounts of transpiration rates that neglect to comment on the local weather (temperature, wind, humidity, and solar radiation),the depth to water table, surface soil moisture and soil texture. If ones data set is as large and long term as Henry Thoreau's other people are motivated to correlate other evidence to fill in such details. Inter-regional and inter-annual comparisons become valid more quickly with such details.

This is a request not a criticism. If I settle into a long term home, I’d like to contribute to Bloom Clock. Perhaps it can extend to clock other growth events. At this point I could create a regional botany topic, under Botany, then contribute a complete list of Minnesota's vascular plants with links to the USDA Plants database and additional traits from literature. It seems inappropriate for me to be so specific at a global wikiversity.

What I do now:
I clean wikipedia stuff related to my rain gardens interest in limited free time as I seek stable employment. Eventually, I'll consider wikibook/versity contributions of my own. My MS Paper project manual explains all aspects of the Simgarden model, but needs clarification to not confuse people unfamiliar with the hydrological models used. By the time I get to that, I hope Simgarden will be obsolete anyway.

When I went to share my simGarden model with the Forestry Professor to whom I had complained that the ASCE failed to summarize American native plant evapotranspiration information in a particularly useful way, that professor seemed outraged that I hadn't succeeded unfunded in such a summary project in my spare time before graduation. That deflated my excitement in contributing to ET modeling or academia right quick. Much effort rots on my hard drive. Now, I long to simply return to work as a store clerk as I was before graduate school.

I'm excited to be able to help evaluate the WINDS model that my MS Adviser Bruce Wilson developed. He now refines it, unfunded, in his spare time. This seems a manageable contribution for me. Everything my garden model achieved relied on a more simple version of WINDS, so ensuring WINDS works in all parts of the USA could help many people. BrianAsh 02:19, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User:BrianAsh


text: Template:Using Wikiversity

title: Template:Using Wikiversity


text:
Template talk:Using Wikiversity

Purpose of this template
This template is a companion to Template:About Wikiversity, and shares the task of keeping newcomers orientated as they delve through pages which familiarise them with Wikiversity. This template is more education-orientated than the other one, concentrating on learning, teaching, research and content creation. It is intended to be placed on any pages which orientate people in the use of Wikiversity. --McCormack 11:02, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Provisional list of things this template should link to
The number of * is a rough indicator of how important or well-developed a resource is.

Learning and teaching

 * The Wikiversity e-Learning Model **
 * Learning at Wikiversity **
 * About learning projects **
 * The learning projects portal **
 * Interactive content *
 * Learning by doing *
 * Rich Learning Resources Platform *
 * The learning materials portal *
 * Content development *
 * Wikiversity community
 * Learning community

Research

 * Research guidelines **
 * The research portal **
 * Introduction to Wikiversity scholarship *
 * Wikiversity scholarship *
 * Research community
 * Academic freedom

Editing

 * Adding content
 * Help index
 * Content creation tutorial
 * Editing help
 * Email for teachers
 * Adding quizzes

Policies on content

 * Disclosures
 * Citations | Plagiarism
 * Reliable sources | Verifiability
 * Scholarly ethics
 * Copyright

Learning about Wikiversity

 * Elementary Wikiversity
 * Intermediate Wikiversity
 * Advanced Wikiversity

Reference

 * Open Educational Resources
 * The Wikiversity FAQ

title: Template talk:Using Wikiversity


text: Category:WMDGS Participant/Wikipedia

title: Category:WMDGS Participant/Wikipedia


text: Category:WMDGS/Wikipedia/articles often reliable


text: Category:WMDGS/Wikipedia/articles often not deep


text: Category:WMDGS/Wikipedia/notability interpretation not strong enough


text: Category:WMDGS/Wikipedia/too many policies


text: Category:WMDGS/Wikipedia/supports ARBCOM with improvements


text: Category:WMDGS/Wikipedia/non an ARBCOM member


text: Category:WMDGS/Wikipedia/never a party in an ARBCOM case


text:
User:Akinom

Hello Wikiversity - people
 * I just joint this project. I'm studying polymer technology in Germany. I would like to make some contributions to the project (to help others as well as myself, because by teaching and writting you're gaining more knowledge than by just learning - at least that's my opinion). Previously I did some work on the german wiktionary, but I need a little bit of focusing on my studies now ;-). I will try to contribute not only on wikiversity but also on the other projects, if there is any need doing so. Well, what the .... :o) do I mean by that? Well, --- in case I need some illustration, I will add it at Commons, and so on.
 * Yours, Akinom 13:00, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User:Akinom


text: Template:User Wikibooks

title: Template:User Wikibooks


text:
Electric Circuit Analysis/Circuit Analysis Quiz 1

Alternative format for this quiz (with testbank)

{| width=100%  { {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" 3 amps flow through a 1 ohm resistor. What is the voltage? - (A) 1V. - (B) $$\frac{1}{3}V$$ + (C) 3V. - (D) None of the above.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" Why do we say the "voltage across" or "the voltage with respect to?" Why can't we just say voltage? + (A) Voltage is a measure of electric potential difference between two electrical points. - (B) It's an electrical cliche. - (C) The other point could be negative or positive. - (D) None of the above.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A resistor consumes 5 watts, and its current is 10 amps. What is its voltage? - (A) 10V. + (B) 0.5V. - (C) 2V. - (D) 15V.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A resistor has 10 volts across it and 4 amps going through it. What is its resistance? + (A) $$2.5\Omega.$$ - (B) $$3.5\Omega.$$ - (C) $$4.5\Omega.$$ - (D) None of the above.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" If you plot voltage vs. current in a circuit, and you get a linear line, what is the significance of the slope? - (A) Power. - (B) Discriminant. + (C) Resistance. - (D) None of the above.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A resistor has 3 volts across it. Its resistance is 1.5 ohms. What is the current? - (A) 3A - (B) 12A + (C) 2A - (D) 1.5A
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A resistor has 8 volts across it and 3 amps going through it. What is the power consumed? + (A) 24W - (B) 3W - (C) 8W - (D) 2.2W
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A resistor has a voltage of 5 volts and a resistance of 15 ohms. What is the power consumed? + (A) 1.67 watts - (B) 11.67 joules - (C) 2.5 watts - (D) None of the above
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A resistor is on for 5 seconds. It consumes power at a rate of 5 watts. How many joules are used? - (A) 5 joules + (B) 25 joules - (C) 3 joules - (D) None of the above
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A 1 ohm resistor has 5 volts DC across its terminals. What is the current (I) and the power consumed? + (A) I = 5A  &  P = 25W. - (B) I = 5A  &  P = 5W. - (C) I = 5A  &  P = 9W - (D) I = 5A  &  P = 3W.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" The voltage across two resistors in series is 10 volts. One resistor is twice as large as the other. What is the voltage across the larger resistor? What is the voltage across the smaller one? - (A) $$V_{small-Resistor} = 5V$$ and $$V_{Big-Resistor} = 5V$$. - (B) $$V_{Big-Resistor} = 3.33V$$ and$$V_{small-Resistor} = 6.67V$$. + (C) $$V_{Big-Resistor} = 6.67V$$ and $$V_{small-Resistor} = 3.33V$$. - (D) None of the above.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A 1 ohm, 2 ohm, and 3 ohm resistor are connected in series. What is the total resistance? - (A) $$R_{Total} = 0.5454\Omega$$. + (B) $$R_{Total} = 6\Omega$$. - (C) $$R_{Total} = 3\Omega$$. - (D) None of the above.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" Two identical resistors are connected in series. The voltage across both of them is 250 volts. What is the voltage across each one? + (A) $$R_1 = 125V$$ and $$R_2 = 125V$$. - (B) $$R_1 = 250V$$ and $$R_2 = 0V$$. - (C) $$R_1 = 150V$$ and $$R_2 = 100V$$. - (D) None of the above.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A 1 ohm, 2 ohm, and 3 ohm resistor are connected in parallel. What is the total resistance? - (A) $$\frac{6}{3}\Omega$$. - (B) $$\frac{3}{6}\Omega$$. - (C) $$\frac{11}{6}\Omega$$. + (D) $$\frac{6}{11}\Omega$$.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A 5 ohm and a 2 ohm resistor are connected in parallel. What is the total resistance? + (A) $$\frac{10}{7}\Omega$$. - (B) $$\frac{7}{10}\Omega$$. - (C) $$\frac{10}{6}\Omega$$. - (D) $$\frac{6}{10}\Omega$$.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" A 7 ohm and a 3 ohm resistor are connected in parallel. What is the total resistance? - (A) $$\frac{10}{21}\Omega$$. + (B) $$\frac{21}{10}\Omega$$. - (C) $$\frac{11}{7}\Omega$$. - (D) $$\frac{7}{11}\Omega$$.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" Three 1 ohm resistors are connected in parallel. What is the total resistance? - (A) $$\frac{3}{2}\Omega$$. - (B) $$\frac{2}{3}\Omega$$. + (C) $$\frac{1}{3}\Omega$$. - (D) $$ 3\Omega$$.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" If you put an infinite number of resistors in parallel, what would the total resistance be? + (A) $$R_{total}$$ would approach zero as the number of resistors in parallel approaches infinity. - (B) $$R_{total}$$ would approach 1 as the number of resistors in parallel approaches infinity. - (C) It is not possible to connect that number of resistors in parallel. - (D) None of the above.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" What is the current through R1 and R2 in the following diagram? - (A) $$I_1 = 1A$$ and $$I_2 = 25A$$. - (B) $$I_1 = 0.1A$$ and $$I_2 = 0.1667A$$. + (C) $$I_1 = 1A$$ and $$I_2 = 1.667A$$. - (D) $$I_1 = 10A$$ and $$I_2 = 16.67A$$.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{ {| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" What is the current through R1, R2, R3, and R4 in the following diagram? - (A) $$I_1 = 10A$$; $$I_2 = 50A$$; $$I_3 = 33A$$; $$I_4 = 25A$$.. - (B) $$I_1 = 1A$$; $$I_2 = 5A$$; $$I_3 = 3.3A$$; $$I_4 = 2.5A$$. - (C) $$I_1 = 0.25A$$; $$I_2 = 0.33A$$; $$I_3 = 0.5A$$; $$I_4 = 0.1A$$. + (D) $$I_1 = 1A$$; $$I_2 = 0.5A$$; $$I_3 = 0.33A$$; $$I_4 = 0.25A$$.
 * style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Lavender;" |
 * type="" }

{


text:
User:Torrej

Hello this is a test

title: User:Torrej


text:
User:Ecfia

'''Hello and welcome to the CFIA e-Leanring Team's WIKI site. Here you will find lots of valuable comments, feedback, tip, tricks and solutions that will contribute to reinforcing the teams knowledge and skill sets.'''

title: User:Ecfia


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User talk:The Isiah~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello The Isiah, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --mikeu 14:49, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

School of Electrical Engineering User:
Hi there, I see you're interested in the school of Electrical Engineering. I am currently doing some edits & Face-lifts to some of the courses. Thanks for your contributions to the EE Department, it is highly apreciated. I'll be working on one of the pages you've worked on some time ago. Thought you would like a pre-view of my intentions with it.
 * Check out my Test Page to see what I'm up to
 * U can visit my user page or Leave me a message on my talk page.
 * This is thefirst course I've just finished feel free to have a look, criticise & contibute.

See you arround wikiversity.-Thuvack 13:18, 11 April 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called The Isiah. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name The Isiah~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:05, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:24, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

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User talk:Ecfia

Welcome
Hello Ecfia, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --mikeu 14:56, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ecfia


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User talk:Torrej

Welcome
Hello Torrej, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --mikeu 14:59, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Torrej


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User talk:Akinom

Welcome
Hello Akinom, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --mikeu 15:38, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Akinom


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Talk:Electric Circuit Analysis

Question
can we put a section on helpful hints in solving these circuit problems? Is this allowed? The Isiah 17:32, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
 * ✅ -Thuvack 06:39, 9 June 2008 (UTC)

Course Revamp
This course is under great revamp. I will also be merging/bringing some of the content from EE_101_Electric_Circuit_Analysis into this course. Please comment on this revamp, colour scheme or help to develop this coures by adding content.-Thuvack 13:23, 15 April 2008 (UTC)

Course Completed!
It's official, this course is now complete and ready for testing!!! Thuvack 13:00, 3 July 2008 (UTC)

Second Course Revamp
I plan to revamp this course to include the following aspects:

1) Use simulation software to build and solve this course. I have used Simplis/Simetrix and I found it very capable and its free!!

2) Build a PDF book version for the whole course so that students can download and print out the book. Ofcause I need to figure out how to make sure the built PDF is available at PediaPrint for them to dissimate?

--Thuvack | talk 16:52, 18 May 2012 (UTC)

Electrical Engineering/Quick Reference
I created the Electrical Engineering/Quick Reference. It may be helpful to link to the Electrical Engineering/Quick Reference from this course. Thanks! --Lbeaumont (discuss • contribs) 16:43, 28 February 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Electric Circuit Analysis


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User:AC'hM

Hello every body ! Demat d'an holl !

If you want to join me, email me.

title: User:AC'hM


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User talk:AC'hM

Welcome
Hello AC'hM, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 18:43, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

A project box for you
Feel welcome to place the Breton language topic box in your resources by typing into your pages. --McCormack 16:15, 12 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Thanks !--AC'hM 16:18, 12 May 2008 (UTC)
 * I've also proposed Topic:Breton as featured content for the main page. --McCormack 16:55, 12 May 2008 (UTC)
 * Cool, thanks a lot !--AC'hM 17:04, 12 May 2008 (UTC)

multi
Use one   instead of multiple   . It's better. Crochet.david 20:51, 26 June 2008 (UTC) Trying ! Ok I have seen the effect. I am not sure I understand though. Thanks anyway.--AC'hM 20:56, 26 June 2008 (UTC)

work
Work

File:Alignement Kerlescan Carnac.jpg

title: User talk:AC'hM


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User talk:Sheryllcross

 * Minolta laser printers toner cartridges
 * tektronix solid ink
 * Pitney Bowes ink cartridges

These links look like commercial link spam rather than educational resources. Please see External links. Thanks. --JWSchmidt 19:09, 8 January 2008 (UTC)
 * your recent edit was removed, Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 17:35, 10 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sheryllcross


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Talk:Introduction to Computers/Peripherals

Removed from the page

 * Minolta laser printers toner cartridges
 * tektronix solid ink
 * Pitney Bowes ink cartridges

These links look like commercial link spam rather than educational resources. Please see External links. --JWSchmidt 19:11, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

copyright violations
The following image have been deleted due to copyright violations:

 * Image:CTS-untreated.jpg and Image:CTS-untreated1.jpg copyvio from
 * Image:0093-0604-1014-4924 SM.jpg and Image:0093-0604-1014-4924 2SM.jpg copyvio from
 * Image:Neck-pain.jpg copyvio from
 * Image:200204981-001.jpg and Image:200204981-001.jpeg and Image:200204981-001r.jpg copyvio from

Please respond on my talk page if you need help finding free images to use to illustrate a page here. --mikeu talk 02:34, 30 January 2008 (UTC)


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User:Nichthus

Mark Nichols, BMS (Hons), MAODE (Distinction). E-learning specialist with Bible College of New Zealand. http://ebcnzer.blogspot.com/.

title: User:Nichthus


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Materials Science and Engineering/Doctoral review questions/Daily Discussion Topics/01082008

Dielectric Mirror

A dielectric mirror is a type of a mirror composed of multiple thin layers of dielectric material, typically deposited on a substrate of glass or some other optical material. By careful choice of the type and thickness of the dielectric layers, one can design an optical coating with specified reflectivity at different wavelengths of light. Dielectric mirrors are also used to produce ultra-high reflectivity mirrors: values of 99.999% or better over a narrow range of wavelengths can be produced using special techniques. Alternatively, they can be made to reflect a broad spectrum of light, e.g. the entire visible range or the spectrum of the Ti-sapphire laser. Mirrors of this type are very common in optics experiments, due to improved techniques that allow inexpensive manufacture of high-quality mirrors. Examples of their applications include laser cavity end mirrors, hot and cold mirrors, thin-film beamsplitters, and the coatings on modern mirrorshades.

Dielectric mirrors function based on the interference of light reflected from the different layers of dielectric stack. This is the same principle used in multi-layer anti-reflection coatings, which are dielectric stacks which have been designed to minimize rather than maximize reflectivity. Simple dielectric mirrors function like one-dimensional photonic crystals, while others have a more complicated structure generally produced by numerical optimization. In the latter case, the phase dispersion of the reflected light can also be controlled.

The manufacturing techniques for dielectric mirrors are based on thin-film deposition methods. Common techniques are physical vapor deposition (which includes evaporative deposition and ion beam assisted deposition), chemical vapor deposition, ion beam deposition, molecular beam epitaxy, and sputter deposition. Common materials are magnesium fluoride, silicon dioxide, tantalum pentoxide, zinc sulfide (n=2.32), and titanium dioxide (n=2.4).

Perfect Mirror
A perfect mirror is a theoretical mirror that reflects light (and electromagnetic radiation in general) perfectly, and doesn't transmit or absorb it.

Domestic mirrors are not perfect mirrors as they absorb a significant portion of the light which falls on them.

Dielectric mirrors are glass or other substrates on which one or more layers of dielectric material are deposited, to form an optical coating. A very complex dielectric mirror can reflect up to 99.999% of the light incident upon it, for a narrow range of wavelengths and angles. A simpler mirror may reflect 99.9% of the light, but may cover a broader range of wavelengths.

Almost any dielectric material can act as a perfect mirror through total internal reflection. This effect only occurs at shallow angles, however, and only for light inside the material. The effect happens when light tries to go from a medium with a higher index of refraction to one with a lower value (like air).

A new type of "perfect mirror", developed in 1998 by researchers at MIT, is a hybrid made of thin films of metals and dielectrics. These unusual mirrors are very efficient reflectors over a broad range of angles and wavelengths, and are insensitive to polarization.

Comments during Discussion

 * An infinite number of layers is a requisite of 100% reflectivity
 * The reflectivity is wavelength dependent
 * The range of wavelengths highly reflected is about 100 nm
 * Harmonics of frequencies are reflected
 * Tune the wavelength that can transmit light
 * Use a large core to transmit a large amount of light
 * Materials are lossy
 * Scattering between layers results in losses
 * Attenuation: dB/km
 * Application: surgery
 * Wavelength used: $$10.6 \mu m$$
 * Low penetration depth
 * Local heating
 * Fibers incorporate multiple materials
 * Materials chosen to add functionality
 * The structure is a 1D platform to build tools
 * A typical light source is a CO2 laser
 * Combine with endoscope - new types of surgery
 * Chemotherapy substitute

Uncertainty Principle
With regard to the uncertainty principle, this is an energetically unfavorable event. The uncertainty in the velocity of an electron becomes high as it approaches the proton. The kinetic energy can be high, and the electron needs to compromise in terms of position and be a particular distance from the proton.

Reference:

Solymer and Walsh. Electrical Properties of Materials, 7th Edition, p. 30

Bohr Model

In atomic physics, the Bohr model depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus — similar in structure to the solar system, but with electrostatic forces providing attraction, rather than gravity. This was an improvement on the earlier cubic model (1902), the plum-pudding model (1904), the Saturnian model (1904), and the Rutherford model (1911). Since the Bohr model is a quantum-physics based modification of the Rutherford model, many sources combine the two, referring to the Rutherford-Bohr model.

Introduced by Niels Bohr in 1913, the model's key success lay in explaining the Rydberg formula for the spectral emission lines of atomic hydrogen; while the Rydberg formula had been known experimentally, it did not gain a theoretical underpinning until the Bohr model was introduced. Not only did the Bohr model explain the reason for the structure of the Rydberg formula, but it provided a justification for its empirical results in terms of fundamental physical constants.

The Bohr model is a primitive model of the hydrogen atom. As a theory, it can be derived as a first-order approximation of the hydrogen atom using the broader and much more accurate quantum mechanics, and thus may be considered to be an obsolete scientific theory. However, because of its simplicity, and its correct results for selected systems (see below for application), the Bohr model is still commonly taught to introduce students to quantum mechanics, before moving on to the more accurate but more complex valence shell atom.

Quantum Confinement
Quantum confinement describes the increase in energy which occurs when the motion of a particle is restricted in one or more dimensions by a potential well. When the confining dimension is large compared to the wavelength of the particle, the particle behaves as if it were free. As the confining dimension decreases, the particle's energy increases. A quantum dot is a well that confines in all three dimensions such as a small sphere, a quantum wire confines in two dimensions, and a quantum well confines in one dimension.

Particle in a Box
In physical terms, the particle in a box is defined as a single point particle, enclosed in a box inside of which it experiences no force whatsoever, i.e. it is at zero potential energy. At the walls of the box, the potential rises to infinity, forming an impenetrable wall. Using this description in terms of potentials allows the Schrödinger equation to be used to determine the solution.

The quantum behavior in the box includes:

 * 1) Energy quantization - It is not possible for the particle to have any arbitrary definite energy. Instead only discrete definite energy levels are allowed (if the state is not a steady state, however, any energy past zero-point energy is allowed on average).
 * 2) Zero-point energy - The lowest possible energy level of the particle, called the zero-point energy, is nonzero.
 * 3) Spatial nodes - In contrast to classical mechanics the Schrödinger equation predicts that for some energy levels there are nodes, implying positions at which the particle can never be found.

Solution in One-Dimension
The eigenfunction and eigenenergies of a particle of mass m in a one dimensional box of length L are
 * $$\psi_n = \sqrt{\frac{2}{L}} \sin{\left(\frac{n \pi x}{L} \right)} \,$$
 * $$E_n = \frac{\hbar^2 \pi^2}{2 m L^2} n^2 \,$$

Finite Potential Well
The finite potential well (also known as the finite square well) is a simple problem from quantum mechanics. It is an extension of the infinite potential well, in which a particle is confined to a box, but one which has finite - not infinite - potential walls. This means unlike the infinite potential well, there is a probability associated with the particle being found outside of the box. The quantum mechanical interpretation is unlike the classical interpretation, where if the total energy of the particle is less than potential energy barrier of the walls it cannot be found outside the box. In the quantum interpretation, there is a non-zero probability of the particle being outside the box even when the energy of the particle is less than the potential energy barrier of the walls (because of quantum tunnelling).

Harmonic Oscillator
The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum mechanical analogue of the classical harmonic oscillator. It is one of the most important model systems in quantum mechanics because an arbitrary potential can be approximated as a harmonic potential at the vicinity of a stable equilibrium point. Furthermore, it is one of the few quantum mechanical systems for which a simple exact solution is known.

Solution
 | ψn(x) | ² for the bound eigenstates, beginning with the ground state (n = 0) at the bottom and increasing in energy toward the top. The horizontal axis shows the position x, and brighter colors represent higher probability densities. In the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator problem, a particle of mass $$\displaystyle m$$

is subject to a potential

$$\displaystyle V(x) = \frac{1}{2} m \omega^2 x^2$$. In classical mechanics, $$\displaystyle m \omega^2 = k$$ is called the spring stiffness coefficient or force constant, and $$\displaystyle \omega$$ the circular frequency.

The Hamiltonian of the particle is:

 * $$H = \frac{p^2}{2m} + \frac{1}{2} m \omega^2 x^2$$

where x is the position operator, and p is the momentum operator $$\left(p = -i \hbar {d \over dx} \right)$$. The first term represents the kinetic energy of the particle, and the second term represents the potential energy in which it resides. In order to find the energy levels and the corresponding energy eigenstates, we must solve the time-independent Schrödinger equation,

 * $$ H \left| \psi \right\rangle = E \left| \psi \right\rangle $$.

We can solve the differential equation in the coordinate basis, using a power series method. It turns out that there is a family of solutions,

 * $$ \left\langle x | \psi_n \right\rangle = \sqrt{\frac{1}{2^n\,n!}} \cdot \left(\frac{m\omega}{\pi \hbar}\right)^{1/4} \cdot \exp

\left(- \frac{m\omega x^2}{2 \hbar} \right) \cdot H_n\left(\sqrt{\frac{m\omega}{\hbar}} x \right) $$
 * $$ n = 0, 1, 2, \ldots$$

The first six solutions (n = 0 to 5) are shown on the right. The functions $$H_n$$ are the Hermite polynomials:

 * $$H_n(x)=(-1)^n e^{x^2}\frac{d^n}{dx^n}e^{-x^2}$$

Diamagnetic

Diamagnetism is a weak repulsion from a magnetic field. It is a form of magnetism that is only exhibited by a substance in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. It results from changes in the orbital motion of electrons. Applying a magnetic field creates a magnetic force on a moving electron in the form of F = Qv × B. This force changes the centripetal force on the electron, causing it to either speed up or slow down in its orbital motion. This changed electron speed modifies the magnetic moment of the orbital in a direction opposing the external field.

Consider two electron orbitals; one rotating clockwise and the other counterclockwise. An external magnetic field into the page will make the centripetal force on an electron rotating clockwise increase, causing it to speed up. That same field would make the centripetal force on an electron rotating counterclockwise decrease, causing it to slow down. The orbiting electrons create magnetic fields themselves, and in both cases, the change in B due to the electron's change in velocity is in the opposite direction to the external B field. Since the material originally had no net magnetic field from its orbiting electrons (because their orbits were aligned in random directions), the result is that the induced B field opposes the applied B field, and these repel each other.

All materials show a diamagnetic response in an applied magnetic field. In fact, diamagnetism is a very general phenomenon, because all paired electrons, including the core electrons of an atom will always make a weak diamagnetic contribution to the material's response. However, for materials which show some other form of magnetism (such as ferromagnetism or paramagnetism), the diamagnetism is completely overpowered. Substances which only, or mostly, display diamagnetic behaviour are termed diamagnetic materials, or diamagnets. Materials that are said to be diamagnetic are those which are usually considered by non-physicists as "non magnetic", and include water, DNA, most organic compounds such as petroleum and some plastics, and many metals, particularly the heavy ones with many core electrons, such as mercury, gold and bismuth.

Paramagnetic

Constituent atoms or molecules of paramagnetic materials have permanent magnetic moments (dipoles), even in the absence of an applied field. This generally occurs due to the presence of unpaired electrons in the atomic/molecular electron orbitals. In pure paramagnetism, the dipoles do not interact with one another and are randomly oriented in the absence of an external field due to thermal agitation, resulting in zero net magnetic moment. When a magnetic field is applied, the dipoles will tend to align with the applied field, resulting in a net magnetic moment in the direction of the applied field. In the classical description, this alignment can be understood to occur due to a torque being provided on the magnetic moments by an applied field, which tries to align the dipoles parallel to the applied field. However, the truer origins of the alignment can only be understood via the quantum-mechanical properties of spin and angular momentum.

If there is sufficient energy exchange between neighbouring dipoles they will interact, and may spontaneously align or anti-align and form magnetic domains, resulting in ferromagnetism (permanent magnets) or antiferromagnetism, respectively. Paramagnetic behavior can also be observed in ferromagnetic materials that are above their Curie temperature, and in antiferromagnets above their Néel temperature. At these temperatures the available thermal energy simply overcomes the interaction energy between the spins.

Ferromagnetic
Ferromagnetism is the "normal" form of magnetism with which most people are familiar, as exhibited in horseshoe magnets and refrigerator magnets. It is responsible for most of the magnetic behavior encountered in everyday life. The attraction between a magnet and ferromagnetic material is "the quality of magnetism first apparent to the ancient world, and to us today," according to a classic text on ferromagnetism.

Ferromagnetism is defined as the phenomenon by which materials, such as iron, in an external magnetic field become magnetized and remain magnetized for a period after the material is no longer in the field.

Physical Origin
The property of ferromagnetism is due to the direct influence of two effects from quantum mechanics: spin and the Pauli exclusion principle.

The spin of an electron, combined with its orbital angular momentum, results in a magnetic dipole moment and creates a magnetic field. (The classical analogue of quantum-mechanical spin is a spinning ball of charge, but the quantum version has distinct differences, such as the fact that it has discrete up/down states that are not described by a vector; similarly for "orbital" motion, whose classical analogue is a current loop.) In many materials (specifically, those with a filled electron shell), however, the total dipole moment of all the electrons is zero (i.e., the spins are in up/down pairs). Only atoms with partially filled shells (i.e., unpaired spins) can experience a net magnetic moment in the absence of an external field. A ferromagnetic material has many such electrons, and if they are aligned they create a measurable macroscopic field.

These permanent dipoles (often called simply "spins" even though they also generally include orbital angular momentum) tend to align in parallel to an external magnetic field, an effect called paramagnetism. (A related but much weaker effect is diamagnetism, due to the orbital motion induced by an external field, resulting in a dipole moment opposite to the applied field.) Ferromagnetism involves an additional phenomenon, however: the dipoles tend to align spontaneously, without any applied field. This is a purely quantum-mechanical effect.

Antiferromagnetic

In materials that exhibit antiferromagnetism, the spins of electrons align in a regular pattern with neighboring spins pointing in opposite directions. This is a different manifestation of magnetism. Generally, antiferromagnetic materials exhibit antiferromagnetism at a low temperature, and become disordered above a certain temperature; the transition temperature is called the Néel temperature. Above the Néel temperature, the material is typically paramagnetic.

The antiferromagnetic behaviour at low temperature usually results in diamagnetic properties, but can sometimes display ferrimagnetic behaviour, which in many physically observable properties is more similar to ferromagnetic interactions.

Ferrimagnetic

A ferrimagnetic interaction is a specific type of antiferromagnetic interaction in which the net spin of the system is not equal to zero due to the spin in each direction not being equal, and therefore not cancelling. A classic example is a dodecanuclear Manganese molecule with an effective spin of S = 10 derived from antiferromagnetic interaction on Mn(IV) metal centres with Mn(III) and Mn(II) metal centres.

Giant Magnetoresistance
Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical effect, a type of magnetoresistance effect, observed in thin film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic metal layers.

The effect manifests itself as a significant decrease in electrical resistance in the presence of a magnetic field. In the absence of an applied magnetic field the direction of magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers is antiparallel due to a weak anti-ferromagnetic coupling between layers, and it decreases to a lower level of resistance when the magnetization of the adjacent layers align due to an applied external field. The spins of the electrons of the nonmagnetic metal align parallel or antiparallel with an applied magnetic field in equal numbers, and therefore suffer less magnetic scattering when the magnetizations of the ferromagnetic layers are parallel.

The effect is exploited commercially by manufacturers of hard disk drives. The 2007 Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to the European Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.

Multilayer GMR
Two or more ferromagnetic layers are separated by a very thin (about 1 nm) non-ferromagnetic spacer (e.g. Fe/Cr/Fe). At certain thicknesses the RKKY coupling between adjacent ferromagnetic layers becomes antiferromagnetic, making it energetically preferable for the magnetizations of adjacent layers to align in anti-parallel. The electrical resistance of the device is normally higher in the anti-parallel case and the difference can reach more than 10% at room temperature. The interlayer spacing in these devices typically corresponds to the second antiferromagnetic peak in the AFM-FM oscillation in the RKKY coupling.

The GMR effect was first observed in the multilayer configuration, with much early research into GMR focusing on multilayer stacks of 10 or more layers.

Spin valve GMR

Two ferromagnetic layers are separated by a thin (about 3 nm) non-ferromagnetic spacer, but without RKKY coupling. If the coercive fields of the two ferromagnetic electrodes are different it is possible to switch them independently. Therefore, parallel and anti-parallel alignment can be achieved, and normally the resistance is again higher in the anti-parallel case. This device is sometimes also called a spin valve.

Spin valve GMR is the configuration that is industrially most useful, and is used in hard drives.

Granular GMR
Granular GMR is an effect that occurs in solid precipitates of a magnetic material in a non-magnetic matrix. In practice, granular GMR is only observed in matrices of copper containing cobalt granules. The reason for this is that copper and cobalt are immiscible, and so it is possible to create the solid precipitate by rapidly cooling a molten mixture of copper and cobalt. Granule sizes vary depending on the cooling rate and amount of subsequent annealing. Granular GMR materials have not been able to produce the high GMR ratios found in the multilayer counterparts.


text:
User talk:Nichthus

Welcome
Hello Nichthus, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --mikeu 20:45, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Nichthus


text:
Lunar Boom Town/Observatory

Venture concept
Own and operate astronomical observatory assets on the moon. Sell data and services to scientists, scientific organizations and governments.

Background reading

 * Mission Design for Setting up an Optical Telescope on the Moon by Yuki D. Takahashi
 * (June 2008) NASA Scientists Pioneer Method for Making Giant Lunar Telescopes

title: Lunar Boom Town/Observatory


text:
Portal:Participants/Old

This list originated at the Wikiversity:participants page of Wikibooks. A new list has been started here at the English language Wikiversity website (new participants list).

Maybe this portal can become a user-friendly guide to Wikiversity participants.

Imported from Wikibooks
People interested in building and discussing the Wikiversity:

You can also add yourself to the list of project supporters at the official proposal page on the Meta-wiki.

 * JeanaMarie19

 * Yug, faculty of History, France.
 * Tom Garwood What a wonderful idea
 * 4lex
 * Alan Armstrong
 * Andrewa
 * User:anonymusjones : School of Theology ; School of Phillosphy ; School of Science ; School of Buisness ;
 * aosci
 * Amish Trivedi --Talk Page
 * Bobwinmill 22:56, 14 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Boneheadmx: Student of Sociology and Political Economy. American focus.
 * User:Boredindenton : Guiena Pig
 * Kyle Brady
 * Catpad
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 * Dashmon
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 * --Javier Carro
 * Jon the Geek
 * Lau Sian Lerk Impressed and Inspired. myblog
 * Koepke : Computer Science; Technological History (American POV)
 * Ed Jason
 * mav
 * Mavromatis V A perfect idea!
 * maximillian wildcat
 * Merrheim 18:44, 5 March 2006 (UTC) : Computer Science
 * User:mirwin ....the nominated underboard troll. Now participating as user:Lazyquasar
 * mmason
 * OMouse
 * Paladine
 * Paulgiron
 * PbS 18:45, 22 Aug 2004 (UTC)
 * George Roberts
 * Peter Bennett
 * --R Hole Jr 17:27, 16 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * Schoeberl: Will start a technical computer course
 * Sj (spam filter is preventing saving the whole page)
 * Stripypants: Instructor of Political Science, esp. Public Behavior.
 * Subatai baadur New but willing, self-styled fanatic in history and geography
 * Cody Bailey
 * Taku 02:18, 24 February 2006 (UTC); math, computer science
 * Tex
 * Tim Martin
 * Tim Krajcar
 * WoWo Dare to think different!
 * Zach Alexander I will be posting my ideas on my talk page
 * --Jimmy
 * Tom Traina - JD Candidate, Western New England School of Law
 * Tim McNamara
 * User:Agari
 * Alessio Curto 22:10, 20 March 2006 _ audio engineering
 * Alex beta
 * Atheistx : Lower-Division Student intent to suppliment traditional college learning.
 * Bellatrouble
 * Canaen 03:36, 22 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Chlewey 01:37, 28 October 2005 (UTC)
 * User:ContentmentCoach
 * Cormaggio 10:01, 6 November 2005 (UTC) - oops, didn't see this page till now
 * CWilson 04:10, 15 March 2006 (UTC)
 * danjohnson88I'm very interested in Computer Science, and the C++ aspect(hopefully some java)
 * danthemanpirates Computer science is awsome
 * dbingram
 * Dionyziz 10:20, 15 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Percival Ross Tiglao Awesome idea. I'll be a student :)
 * user:edwin chweya school of engineering
 * User:Ermeyers from Perl starting Wikia:Perl:University
 * Fephisto math
 * Freeshot Computer Science and Economics
 * Gandalf 02:31, 24 February 2006 (UTC)
 * Hugh Mayfield I think this is a tremendous idea. Interested in Computer Science.
 * Inquiring_Mind
 * --Gabe Sechan 20:15, September 7, 2005 (UTC)
 * Jon Chasteen School of Music
 * John Schmidt
 * Karmafist 01:53, 7 October 2005 (UTC)
 * Kfitton School of History - Instructor, School of Education - Willing to volunteer as department head
 * User:Kils Oceanography - I will be posting my ideas on user:kils/virtual_university
 * Kronski
 * Kuang Eleven
 * KyrreKA 16:08, 6 June 2006 (UTC) Mathematics and Philosophy; lover of all things anarchoepistemic.
 * Michael Wray - A willing student for almost any class, I'm a ravenous scholar. Now where do I sign up?
 * Makiaea
 * Master Thief Garrett
 * McClade - Keen to help out with development, particularly e-learning and unified login as discussed on proposal page. Let me know how I can help.
 * mfinney14:25, 7 December 2005 - I have a curriculum and student guide I am working on in Wikibooks that I am willing to pilot for the new university... I could offer certs through my organization... it is a firefighter cert but it's a start!
 * nbx909 great idea! I'm hoping that you offer courses in the summer. I also hoping for a forensic class.
 * Nyarlathotep
 * User:PaulPen School of Tourism and Hotel Management
 * Politic0220 School of Economics, Student at UCF
 * ransomw: math
 * Scud43
 * SoulAegis School of Computer Science
 * Teemu
 * Woo 14:16, 27 November 2005 (UTC) - Athough I'm new to the WikiWorld, I'd be interested in building The WikiVersity School of Library & Information Science
 * Veeraganesh
 * Wutasumi
 * George D. Bozovic
 * Roadrunner
 * WiKimik

title: Portal:Participants/Old


text: Portal:Participants/box-header

title: Portal:Participants/box-header


text: Portal:Participants/box-footer

title: Portal:Participants/box-footer


text:
Portal:Participants/Intro

This portal page is a directory of Wikiversity participants and Wikiversity resources that are oriented towards supporting Wikiversity participants and Wikiversity communities. The origins of the page go back to 2004 when Wikiversity was organizing within the Wikibooks website. What the original page looked like can still be seen at Portal:Participants/Old. Another similar page was created in 2006 at Participants.

title: Portal:Participants/Intro


text:
User talk:Mindflayerz~enwikiversity

Welcome
Hello Mindflayerz, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
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 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! Erkan Yilmaz ( Wikiversity:Chat, wiki blog ) 23:43, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Mindflayerz. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Mindflayerz~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:43, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:16, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Mindflayerz~enwikiversity


text:
Portal:Participants/Related portals

Other Wikiversity portals: Learning projects, Reading groups, Wikiversity, Wiki Scholar

title: Portal:Participants/Related portals


text: File:Protected page.png

title: File:Protected page.png


text:
Portal:Participants/Featured learning resource

Have you ever tried to edit the Main Page or some other Wikiversity page and not seen an "edit this page" button? Some pages are protected so that only registered users are able to edit them. While Wikiversity participants can edit most pages without creating a user account, there are advantages to editing as a registered user. See Why create an account. The Main Page has been a popular target for vandals who think it is funny to insert some offensive image into a wiki website. However, you are encouraged to help improve all Wikiversity pages including the Main Page. For help in editing the Main Page, see Main page learning project.


text:
Materials Science and Engineering/Equations/Electronic Materials

Conductivity and Ohm's Law
$$E = \frac{U}{L}$$

 * $$U$$: applied potential difference
 * $$L$$: length
 * $$E$$: electric field

$$a = \frac{e}{m} E$$

$$v_{\mbox{average}} = a \tau\;$$

 * $$\tau$$: average time between collisions (mean free time, relaxation time, collision time)

$$v_D = \left ( \frac{e}{m} \tau \right ) E$$

 * $$v_D$$: drift velocity

$$J = N_e e v_D\;$$ $$J = \frac{N_e e^2 \tau}{m} E$$ $$J = \sigma E\;$$

 * $$J$$: electric current density
 * $$N_e$$: multiply the drift velocity by the density of electrons
 * $$\sigma$$: electrical conductivity

$$\sigma = \left ( \frac{e}{m} \tau \right ) (N_e e)$$ $$\sigma = \mu_e (N_e e)\;$$


text:
User talk:Prose604

Welcome
Hello Prose604, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --JWSchmidt 02:52, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problems

 * This is the image in question. Please provide a license template and source for it. Thanks.– Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb 22:04, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Prose604


text:
User talk:Csibl042

Welcome
Hello Csibl042, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Csibl042


text:
User talk:Vbeot072

Welcome
Hello Vbeot072, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --JWSchmidt 02:57, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

The file that you uploaded Image:Fig.-1dbms structure.jpg has been deleted because it is a copyright violation. Please be carefull about uploading image unless you are sure that they can be used freely on this site. --mikeu talk 13:39, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

File:Image101.jpg
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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 15:34, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vbeot072


text:
User talk:Adunc163

Welcome
Hello Adunc163, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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Image:Fax-machine-copierfax.jpg}}}
Hello, and welcome to Wikiversity! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a direct copy from. As a copyright violation, appears to qualify for deletion. has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. If the source is a credible one, please consider rewriting the content and citing the source.

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File:Newone.jpg
We appreciate your effort to contribute to Wikiversity. This work appears to be a copy of http://www.istockphoto.com/stock-photo-123354-transparent-binary-code.php. If you have permission or can get permission from the copyright owner soon to release the work freely under CC-BY-SA 3.0, please comment to that effect at, and we may be able to accept the work. Otherwise you may need to consider rewriting the content in your own words. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me on my talk page or the Wikiversity community at the Colloquium. Thank you. Bilby 02:15, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

File:ComputerTesting.jpg
We appreciate your effort to contribute to Wikiversity. This work appears to be a copy of http://www.f1online.pro/en/image-details/1762539.html. If you have permission or can get permission from the copyright owner soon to release the work freely under CC-BY-SA 3.0, please comment to that effect at, and we may be able to accept the work. Otherwise you may need to consider rewriting the content in your own words. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me on my talk page or the Wikiversity community at the Colloquium. Thank you. Bilby 03:28, 22 October 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Adunc163


text:
User talk:Pkadi368

Welcome
Hello Pkadi368, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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title: User talk:Pkadi368


text:
User talk:Cfell887

Welcome
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Image:Robotarm.JPG
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The website states "Please note: You must be registered with us before you can download this image. Payment methods are by credit card or on account." This is not a free image. mikeu talk 16:48, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 15:22, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cfell887


text:
User talk:Nschr808

Welcome
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title: User talk:Nschr808


text:
User talk:Evand191

Welcome
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title: User talk:Evand191


text:
User talk:Jjage508

Welcome
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Copyright problem with Image:Webmail.jpg
Royalty free does not mean that the images are free to use. See http://www.istockphoto.com/introduction.php for how to legally purchase images from this website. --mikeu talk 18:00, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

Files Missing Information
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 * File:Mine.jpg

MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 15:26, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jjage508


text:
User talk:Wbenn314

Welcome
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image copyright
The two images that you uploaded Image:0093-0604-1014-4924 SM.jpg and Image:0093-0604-1014-4924 2SM.jpg will be deleted because they it is a copyright violation to use them from without permission. The website that you took the image from clearly states "PHOTO MAY NOT BE USED WITHOUT PURCHASING A LICENSE!" Please do not upload images unless you are certain that they are free to use. Contact me if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 05:46, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:Thinker.gif
Thanks for uploading Image:Thinker.gif. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikiversity because of copyright law (see Wikiversity' Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikiversity are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information or giving false information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at Colloquim. Thank you. --mikeu talk 17:19, 3 April 2008 (UTC)

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 15:34, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Wbenn314


text:
User talk:Jhelm950

Welcome
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Image:Media.jpg
Hello, and welcome to Wikiversity! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a direct copy from. As a copyright violation, appears to qualify for deletion. has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. If the source is a credible one, please consider rewriting the content and citing the source.

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 * A good source for images is the website.  All of these images can be freely used and it is very easy to include these images here on Wikiversity without downloading and uploading.  For instance, see the Image:2smalltapes.jpg which is similar to the one you uploaded.  To include this image in a page just use something like this: [[Image:2smalltapes.jpg|thumb|200px|Image caption goes here.]] .  There are many images similar to the one you are looking for here: Commons:Category:Magnetic tape.  Let me know if you need any help.  --mikeu 16:01, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

Image:Storage microchip.jpg
Hello, and welcome to Wikiversity! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a direct copy from. As a copyright violation, appears to qualify for deletion. has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. If the source is a credible one, please consider rewriting the content and citing the source.

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 * There are free images similar to the one you uploaded at Computer hardware. For instance, Image:Dual processor.jpg and Commons:Image:MSI K7T266 motherboard.jpg.  Please consider using this instead of the copyrighted image that you uploaded.  Leave me a message here if you need any help.  --mikeu 16:06, 17 January 2008 (UTC)

deleted files
The two files that you uploaded have been deleted since you have not responded to a request for copyright information. --mikeu talk 03:02, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

copyright violation
Please stop uploading images to Wikiversity that are copyright violations. These images will be deleted: Image:CTS-untreated.jpg and Image:CTS-untreated1.jpg which were taken from. ''Please respond to this message. If you continue to upload files that you do not own the copyright to you could be blocked from editing on this website.'' Click on this link to reply. --mikeu talk 05:16, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jhelm950


text:
User talk:Smcne151

Welcome
Hello Smcne151, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
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File Tagging File:Abandon.jpg
Thanks for uploading File:Abandon.jpg. I notice the image page currently doesn't specify who created the content, so the copyright status is unclear. If you have not created this media yourself then you need to argue that we have the right to use the media on Wikiversity (see copyright tagging below). If you have not created the media yourself then you should also specify where you found it, i.e., in most cases link to the website where you got it, and the terms of use for content from that page. If the content is a derivative of a copyrighted work, you need to supply the names and a license of the original authors as well.

If the media also doesn't have a copyright tag, then you must also add one. If you created/took the picture, audio, or video then you can use to release it under the multilicense GFDL plus Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike All-version license or PD-self to release it into the public domain. See commons:Commons:Copyright tags for the full list of copyright tags that you can use.

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MaintenanceBot (discuss • contribs) 15:32, 16 April 2016 (UTC)

title: User talk:Smcne151


text:
User talk:Schee177

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 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --JWSchmidt 03:02, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Image:Desktoppublishing.jpg
Please provide a license template and source for this image. Thanks. – Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb 22:38, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Schee177


text:
User talk:Dlein428

Welcome
Hello Dlein428, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --JWSchmidt 03:02, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:200204981-001r.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:200204981-001r.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikiversity because of copyright law (see Wikiversity' Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikibooks are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information or giving false information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at Colloquim. Thank you. mikeu talk 04:59, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

 * Although this image is "Royalty Free" the use of the image on Wikiversity appears to be a copyright violation.  Feel free to contact me if you have any questions or need any help with images and copyright.  --mikeu talk 04:59, 23 January 2008 (UTC)

Image:Bank vault.jpg
Hello, and welcome to Wikiversity! We welcome and appreciate your contributions, such as Image:Bank vault.jpg, but we regretfully cannot accept copyrighted text or images borrowed from either web sites or printed material. This article appears to be a direct copy from {{http://www.ashcraftconsulting.com/}. As a copyright violation, Image:Bank vault.jpg appears to qualify for deletion. Image:Bank vault.jpg has been tagged for deletion, and may have been deleted by the time you see this message. If the source is a credible one, please consider rewriting the content and citing the source.

If you believe that the article is not a copyright violation, or if you have permission from the copyright holder to release the content freely under the GFDL, you can comment to that effect on Image talk:Bank vault.jpg. If the article has already been deleted, but you have a proper release, you can reenter the content at Image:Bank vault.jpg, after describing the release on the talk page. However, you may want to consider rewriting the content in your own words. Thank you, and please feel free to continue contributing to Wikiversity. mikeu talk 04:25, 6 February 2008 (UTC)

copyright violation
The images that you uploaded Image:Panel-demo.jpg, Image:Wireless-network-1.jpg and Image:SKT 053.jpg have been deleted as a copyright violation. Please do not upload images unless you are sure that they can be freely used or you have permission from the copyright holder to use the image. --mikeu talk 12:47, 31 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Dlein428


text:
User talk:Cberr968

Welcome
Hello Cberr968, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may
 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research activities;
 * Read and help develop our community policies；or
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity! --JWSchmidt 03:03, 9 January 2008 (UTC)

Image already existent on commons
Hello, did you see that this image: Image:275px-HTML.svg.png already exists on commons: commons:Image:HTML.svg ? You can use it here also when using the filename, e.g. . If you want the first image to be deleted, please place  on the picture page. Thx, Erkan Yilmaz uses the Wikiversity:Chat (try) 17:50, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cberr968