text:
Draft:United States Court System Outline

Deposition- the Lawyer sits down with a party, but no Judge is present. Famous deposition is the Bill Clinton case. Paralegal arranges for this to happen.

Paralegals can: Paralegals can be litigation assistants. Make sure no surprises will appear. Domestic Cases-The parties can talk to the Paralegal, and she listens to the party. Domestic Lawyers don’t make much, so they carry a heavy caseload. Title Searchers- Paralegals search the histories of property very independent. Works out of the office, very high pressure, wants to be done real quickly.

Negligence and car accidents- prepares a settlement brochure Bankruptcy- Paralegals does most of the work but the last steps this is federal law. Legal research and writing- requires the most analytical skills. Paralegals don’t often work in criminal law because most of the legal system does all the Paralegal work.

Over the years, there has been discussion about licensing Paralegals. States usually license people who are directly responsible to the public as a way of protecting the public against unqualified people. There are two court systems 1.   Federal - Trial Federal Court includes the US District Court, US Circuit Court of Appeals, and US Supreme Court 2. State court includes two types of court:    State Trial (Appellate or review) & a Trial Court.

The court where the lawsuit began has the job to decide factual questions and then apply the law to it. (To determine questions of law). They are located in County Courthouses. This is where you would have a jury. The way the trial usually ends is with a Judgment for one side or another. Ex. Criminal case the Defendant is charged with assault with intent to kill. Questions would be:   Did he really have a weapon? Did he intend to kill?

North Carolina divides the state into judicial districts. They're approximately 40 districts. There are 100 Counties in North Carolina. Cumberland County has its separate judicial district. We are the 12th judicial districts. The counties have trials in the district and superior court. Location of the trial is called a venue. Every County Courthouse has an administrator. This person is called The Clerk of Court.

For a case to be heard by the Supreme Court 1.   The case has been to the North Carolina court of appeals and there was a descent (you lose) among the three Judges. 2.   If you are convicted of murder and you get the death penalty 3.   In all other cases the Supreme Court hears the cases by certification. This means that the Supreme Court can choose to hear it or not. This happens by the Defendant filing a petition for certification, asking the Judges to review the case, to determine whether or not it’s important for the state to hear it. In most cases they refuse to hear it or deny cert.

Most lawsuits end at the judgment because it is so expensive to file an appeal. If the person who lost at trial believes that a mistake was made in applying the law, then he can ask for an appeal to an appellate court. If you have the right to appeal (a notice to appeal), and then become the Appellant. Appellee is the person whom against the case is filed. If a person has a right to appeal that means that he believes that at trial a prejudicial error was made. (An error that was big enough to affect the outcome of a case.) Prejudicial as to a question of law then he has the right to have his case reviewed by the court of appeals. You have the right to Appellate Review and in state court it is called a Petition of certification. In federal court it is called a Potation of crito rare. The difference between filing a Notice of Appeal the appellate court has to hear your case and filing a Petition for Certification is you are asking the Supreme Court to hear your case to determine whether it is important enough for the state to hear it. If they refuse to hear it they “deny Cert”. If they say they will hear it they grant Certification. US Court of Appeals sits in panels of three.

Appellate Courts - Appellate brief states what errors and mistakes were made at the trial. It must include the result of legal research to back it up. Once the appellant files the Appellee (the person who won the Judgment) must defend what happened at trial. He also has to file an appellate brief addressing the mistakes that the appellant said. At the appellate level you don’t have witnesses or evidence. In fact the appellate court must accept the findings of the trial court. The reason appellate Judges were not there to hear the witnesses etc. All the appellate court does is look at possible mistakes regarding questions of law, that the parties brought and not other questions. The appeals court then has oral arguments. An appellate court always has a panel of Judges that is an odd number of Judges. In oral arguments, the Lawyers appear before the panel of Judges to answer questions about what they said in their briefs. This questioning is usually 20 to 30 minutes per side and is done by the Judges. After the oral arguments, the Judges on the panel get together and discuss the case, and they take a vote.

These are the appellant courts choices; 1.   Affirm the decision- agrees with the finding 2.   Reverse the trial court's decision 3.   Remand the case back to trial level- with instructions with how to correct a mistake and happens the most. * To explain their decision the Appellate Judges with a judicial opinion. This is put into a set of books called reports or reporters. It then becomes case law for the courts within its jurisdiction. Case law is Judge made law. Our court system is based on the doctrine of precedent or what is called stare decisis. Stare decisis - means let the decision stand. If an appellate court in your jurisdiction in a prior case has considered the same legal question as your case and the facts of both cases are similar, then the answer in that prior case must be followed in your case. The more a case is followed the stronger it becomes.

The reason of precedent is that 1.   People in similar situations get the same treatment. 2.   The second reason is to make the law predictable The problem with precedent is that it can be too rigid. It is inflexible and doesn’t change with the times

To keep the law of precedent from being too rigid the appellate courts have two choices: 1.   Overrule the prior opinion. Courts don’t like to do this often. 2.   Distinguish cases and say that the facts of the present case are different from the facts of the prior case and therefore the courts in this case doesn’t have to follow the prior decision. The more a case is distinguished the weaker it becomes.

Analogous cases - cases that have similar facts and questions of law. You as the legal researcher have to predict if the court will follow or distinguish your case. Misdemeanors don’t have a jury. If the Defendant is convicted he can get a new trial in superior court with a jury. State Court System

Level of Courts (from bottom to top) a.   North Carolina District Court- misdemeanors criminal, up to $10,000 in domestic cases. b.   North Carolina Superior Court- Felony, trial denovo of misdemeanors, (because no jury in district trial court, its too expensive) c.   North Carolina court of appeals- highest court in the state North Carolina Court of Appeals If an appellate court Judge dies or retires while in office the governor appoints a replacement in till the next general election. (They are usually older Judges). The general elections are held every two years. Most appellate Judges originally got their office from the appointment. Appellate Judges are nominated by the voters in their district, and they work for the highest court in the state. Judges are elected by the entire state for eight years. Developed in 1967, the appeals court usually sits in Raleigh. You go here if you want a trial denovo. The court has panels of three Judges. For most cases, this is where the trial ends, but the state's highest court is the North Carolina Supreme Court.

In North Carolina Supreme Court, Judges are called justices, and they are elected by the entire state for eight yrs. There are seven justices in North Carolina, and they sit as a group. In North Carolina, there are two levels of trial court. One is the North Carolina District Court. Every district has a chief District Court Judge. The chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court appoints the Chief District Court Judge. The Chief District Court Judge hears cases but he or she also assigns other Judges to various courts. Misdemeanor criminal cases (max penalty of two years)

The voters in their judicial district elect judges for 4-year terms. But if one retires or dies in the middle of a term the governor gets to appoint a replacement. This person serves to the end of the term and usually wins the election the next time around because of name recognition. (Incumbent). All domestic cases All civil cases up to $10,000

In the North Carolina Superior Court, the Judges are divided into 8 divisions are elected by the state for 8 year terms. The Judges are required to rotate to the different districts within their divisions every 6 months. They are required to rotate for a concern to not form an attachment to particular group of Lawyers. This will make things fair. The hear all felony cases and misdemeanors appealed from District Courts (denovo). If you ask for a new trial you may get a longer sentence (trial denovo). North Carolina superior court hears all non-domestic cases over $10,000

In the Federal Court System, the highest court is the Supreme Court. Federal Judges are appointed by the president with the consent of the senate (confirmed). They are appointed for life. The reason for this is that federal Judges can be above politics. They can vote what they feel. Bush has appointed two. Federal courts are so picky about the types of cases they can hear, that when the Plaintiff files a complaint in the federal courts system in the 1st numbered paragraph he must state the facts to show the federal Judge…this is the type of case a federal court can hear. For the purpose of Appeals, the USA is divided into 12 Circuits. North Carolina is in the 4th circuit and its meets in Richmond, Va. (the US Circuit Court of Appeals) The main appellate court or the Federal system is the US Circuit Court of Appeals.

Social policy the Supreme Court has heard: 1.   Roe vs. Wade 2.   Brown vs. Board of Education 3.   Miranda vs. Arizona The US Supreme Court consists of 9 justices who sit together (Judges are justices). If you want the court to hear your case, you must file a Petition for a writ of certiorari. In the majority of cases the court will deny crit - the discussion of the lower courts stands.

United States District Court -trial courts The main trial court is called the US District Court. The Constitution created the Supreme Court and gave Congress the power to create the other courts. District Courts are usually found in the post office. A division is US District Court is Bankruptcy Court - In North Carolina the Clerk of Bankruptcy Court is found in Wilson. United States divided into 90 Federal Districts. The number of districts in a particular state depends on population. Ex. North Carolina has three 1.   Eastern District of North Carolina (Fayetteville) 2.   Middle district of North Carolina 3.   Western district of North Carolina

The United States Supreme Court Unlike at state level where the courts in North Carolina have to hear: 1.   Capital Punishment Cases 2.   Descent on the court of appeals

The US Supreme Court level there is no case that they must hear. Which means they deny cert for most cases, and the decision of the Appellate court stands.

Jurisdiction - power over something.

Jurisdictional amount- the amount of money you have to sue for for a particular court system to hear that case.

Concurrent Subject Matter Jurisdiction - Either state of federal courts can hear the case so, when the Plaintiff is filing his lawsuit he can choose which court will hear his case. Because both court systems have the authority to hear the case. But is this fair to the Defendant? The Law of Removal- says that if there is Concurrent Subject Matter Jurisdiction between state and federal court and the Plaintiff filed the lawsuit in state court then the Defendant may remove the lawsuit to the closest (to where the case was filed in state court) federal courthouse. The way the Defendant does this is by filing a petition for removal with the federal court, and so it is the federal Judge who decides whether or not the federal courts can hear this case. In Diversity cases, there is Concurrent Subject Matter Jurisdiction between state and federal courts which happens in many federal question cases. This means that even though the Plaintiff’s claim for relief comes from federal law the states courts can still hear it, however in some federal questions cases the federal law specifically states that only federal courts can hear this type of case. If this is the case federal courts have Exclusive subject matter jurisdiction - Ex. Bankruptcy law is a federal law that states only federal courts can hear that kind of case.

Subject matter jurisdiction of federal courts - When federal courts were designed they weren’t intended to hear every type of case, like state courts are. Rather federal courts can only hear certain types of cases that federal law authorizes them to hear. They can hear; a.   Federal question cases- a case was the Plaintiffs claim for relief, (his legal theory for seeing) comes from federal law. b.   Diversity cases - has two requirements I. All the Plaintiffs must be from different states then all the Defendants. This is called Complete Diversity

As a General Rule a natural person can only be a citizen of one state. A corporation is a legal entity that can sue and be sued, we sometimes refer to them as an artificial person. A corporation can be a citizen of two states. Where the corporation was founded and where it has its corporate headquarters. In fact, one of the main reasons that a business incorporates is so that if the business is sued, the property of the owner is protected. If a business wants to incorporate, it must apply to become corporations with the Secretary of State as a part of this process. The business has to name someone in North Carolina as its registered agent and give their address so that if someone sues the corporation, the can have that agent served with the summons and complaint and thereby get jurisdiction over the corporation. This is only 1 way to serve a corporation- another way is to serve a corporate officer with the summons and complaint- 3rd way is to have a sheriff’s deputy take the summons and complaint to corporate headquarters and leave the summons and complaint with a person who appears to be in charge when the deputy gets there. II. The amount being sued for must be over $75,000. Federal courts will hear diversity cases so there will be no favoritism towards the person from the same state as the state court. In diversity cases the Plaintiffs claim for relief is based on state law. It is usually an ordinary case such as breach of contract or negligence. But, what makes it different is that the parties are from different states and the amount is over $75,000. This complaint also illustrates if there are more than one Plaintiff or Defendant, you must name them all. Suing a employee As a general rule an employer is liable for the negligence of his employee if the employee was acting within his scope of practice. You can sue the employer or employee or BOTH- goes for the deep pockets. Imputed- one person’s negligence is transferred to another. In negligence cases when you are suing for more than $10,000 you may not state the exact amount you are seeing for. Reason is, in most negligence cases, Plaintiff is going to receive more money for pain and suffering then for medical bills. In fact, a very general rule of thumb is a negligence case is worth 3 times more then the medical bills plus lost wages.

There is an agency in Raleigh called the Administrative Office of the Courts. It; 1. Prepares the official forms that are used statewide. 2.   It keeps statistics on each courthouse. Based on these statistics it tells the clerk how many assistants to hire.

Registrar of Deeds who is elected for four years operates the deed vault. The great big room in the courthouse that has copies of deeds, mortgages, deeds of trust to have any rights in real property it has to be in writing and recorded here. They can hire staff depending on how busy they are.

Estates Office- (in the clerks office) if a property doesn’t transfer but sale it must be in the Estates office.

The Magistrate in Superior Courts has now required mediation before the parties go to trial they both sit down with the Lawyer and a third part Lawyer to try to talk things out. Paralegals set everything up and sit in on the meeting. The Magistrate presides over initial appearances. When a person is arrested for a crime they have to be taken without necessary delay before a magistrate, who sets the conditions of pre-trial release any greater than is reasonably ness Cary to make sure the person appears. This is the bond. Ex bail is $1,000. The same Magistrate to preside over an initial appearance issues search and arrest warrants. According to the constitution there must be probable cause that the persons committed the crime Or probable cause that specific evidence of crime is in a particular place. The magistrate is nominated by The Clerk of Superior Court, and appointed by the senior resident Superior Court Judge (held the office the longest) for a term of 2 year times. He/she is not required to have a degree because once they are appointed the state sends you for training. (Common sense). A Magistrate is on duty 24/7 and works as an independent person between law enforcement and the individual. He/she will protect individuals from the power of the police. A Magistrate will preside over small claims court and act as a judge. (Here he has set hours). If you lose in small claims court you have the right to ask for a new trial in civil court. Then it’s like the 1st trial never happened. This new trial is also called trial denovo. The reason a new trial is granted is because there was no Judge.

The Juries- The name for jury selection is called voir dire examination. It means to speak the truth. In North Carolina there are 2 kinds of juries 1.   Petit Jury (trial Jury) 12 people-A jury list is drawn randomly from voter registration lists, driver’s license lists, etc. These people then get a jury summons that tells them to go to court at a particular time. They go to a certain room and become the jury pool. The jury coawordinatior shows them a film about what their job is. Then they sit and wait. Every so often the bailiff comes in and reads a list of names. Those people follow him to a courtroom. The 1st 12 sit in the jury box. The rest sit in the audience (called for a session of court, you might hear more than one case, or even hear no case.)

2. Grand Jury- (Criminal Cases)- they review the DA’s evidence to determine whether or not there is probable cause to try a person for a felony in superior court. A jury list is drawn randomly from voter registration lists, driver’s license lists, etc. These 18 people are called every so often to the courthouse to review the Bills of Indictment. The grand jury juries have to be available for one year. a.   The DA 1st summit’s a bill of indictment. It contains evidence. The grand jury reviews the bill of Indictment and they call it a true bill of Indictment if they support it, if not its called a not true bill of Indictment. To have a trial you only have to have 12 of the grand jury support it. b.   If it's not a true bill, the DA can collect more evidence and submit again.

When sitting in the jury box the Lawyers ask questions and look for a fair jury. A good trial Lawyer will come to court with a profile of a person he thinks will favor or disfavor his client. To remove a juror you, “Challenge The Juror”. Which doesn't allow you to go home you just go back to the jury pool. Challenge Por Cause - there is a good reason to remove this person Peremptory Challenge - the Lawyer doesn’t have to give a reason, but he is limited in the number of times he can do this. Once he uses them all up you can’t get any more and the next person maybe even worse than the last.

Probable cause- facts that would cause a reasonable person to believe that the Defendant committed the crime or specific evidence of a crime is in a particular place. Federal laws are enacted by Congress. They are contained in a set of books called the US Codes. (Many Volumes) The US Code is divided into titles. With different titles containing laws on a particular subject;

a. Title II- Bankruptcy- despite the fact that we have so many federal laws they are actually very specialized. b. Anti-trust laws - ban monopolies - keep businesses from forming monopolies. A monopoly is when one business drives all of it competitors out of business. So, that if you want a product or a service you only have one place to go. c. Consumer protection laws - designed to protect the public, I. The Fair Credit Reporting Act II. The Fair Debt Collection Act

1.   North Carolina Supreme Court Reports- judicial opinions of North Carolina Supreme Court. Official reporter. 2.   North Carolina court of appeals Reports- this has judicial opinions from North Carolina court of appeals. It is also an official reporter. 3.   Southeastern Reporter- this has not only our state but also the judicial opinion from other southeastern states and is an unofficial reporter. Lawyers tend to like unofficial reporters better because they have more research tools than official ones.

If all you had was the Southeastern reporter, and you are looking for a case on a particular topic it would be like looking for a needle in a haystack because reporters don’t group judicial opinion by topic. Therefore you will have a murder case next to a child custody case. The opinions are placed in the reporters in the order in which they are decided. You will have to have case finders; they help you locate a citation -(a road map as to where you can find a particular case or statute) of judicial opinion on your topic. Ex. Case Citation Smith V. Jones, 175N.C.607(1950) Smith V. Jones, 175N.C.607, 195SE2nd205(1950) One case finder is annotated statute North Carolina General Statutes are annotated. This means that after the statute itself are case notes. Case notes- a short paragraph that summarizes what a court has said about this statute. Below the paragraph is the citation of the case. So that you can take the citation and go to the reporters and look it up. Legal Encyclopedia- North Carolina is called Strong’s Index (these are case finders). Go to the index books, look up the topic your interested in and it will tell you where in the main volumes you can find your topic. Then go to the main volume and look up your topic. They are different from regular encyclopedias. Every sentence has a footnote. It will give you the citation in the case that the legal principle comes from. There are legal encyclopedias that are national; the cover laws all over the USA. The problem is that they are almost worthless because they cover so much: 1. American Juris Prudence- Lawyers call it am jur 2. Corpus Juris Secundum- Lawyers call it CJS FOUR SOURCES OF LAW Compromise Committee- a group that sits together to compromise on new statutes. 1. The constitution - Federal or state 2. Statutes are written by Legislature, who are a group of people elected to pass laws (enact statutes) elected by voters. Statute - a law enacted (written) by a legislative body

At the Federal level, we have United States Congress, who writes laws called the us code

A. Senate (higher House) B. House or Representatives (lower house) These books that contain statutes are called codes. In fact, the set of books that contain laws passed by Congress is called The US Codes. There are 50 codes to the US Code. After a legislative body enacts a law, then it is codified (put into a set of books that group laws on the same topic together). US Code- divided into titles- each title covers a different topic (ex. Title 11 of the US Code covers bankruptcy)

At the State level, there is the North Carolina general assembly who writes code called the North Carolina general statutes.

A. Senate B. House of Representatives Lawyers in North Carolina use this set of books more than any other set of books because they contain laws. North Carolina general statutes are broken into chapters and sections Ex. §50-16 - alimony 50 is family law = divorce To find a law every code has an index, which is contained in several books listed in alphabetical order. First, go to the index and look up your topic-main topic- under that you read down to find the specific topic in which you are looking for. You then go to the main volumes of the code, on the spine of each book and it will list the chapter numbers that are covered. Ex. 50:1-75:1 Whenever you are researching any type of law epically statutes you must make sure that you find the latest statute, because legislatures are constantly changing statutes and they way they change the law is to amend the statute. The way most codes update their statutes is by adding supplements. (An extra book with the new changes.)

3. Administrative Rules and Regulations are Rules made by government agencies such as the IRS, the social security administration, etc. 4. Judicial Opinions - (Case law, Judge made law) which all started out as common law. Common law is a group of legal principle that was brought by the colonists to America from England. Common law is constantly being changed by new cases. Statutes passed by legislatures don’t cover every area of the law. In fact, there are many areas of the law that are based on case law and not statutes. Statutes, however, can be enacted that will override or change case law. In civil injuries, we have a special statute that deals with the situation where a person was not just injured by the Defendant but died and is called the wrongful death statute. It is very specific as to who can sue for wrongful death and who wins the money. Case Law (Judge made law)- the way we usually get Judge made law is that there is a trial, and the loser appeals to an appellate court because he says there was a mistake made as to a question of law that was so big it could have affected the outcome of his case and is called Prejudicial Error. After reviewing the appellate briefs and listening to the oral arguments, the appellate court makes a decision to affirm, reverse or remand the trial court's decision. To explain their decision the appellate court writes a judicial opinion and it is put into books called reporters. It then becomes case law, which establishes a precedent with that court's jurisdiction for cases that come behind it.

Statutes are often annotated so; they have case notes after the statute where the courts have interpreted the words in the statutes. Statutes interact with case law and override judicial opinions.

Conflict of law - If there is a clear conflict between the statute and a judicial opinion the statute will win. Conflict of administrative rules and case law the rule will win. Whichever is higher on the list will win One exception only- The Constitution overrides all statutes and the courts have the power of judicial review- this is the power of the court to determine whether a law violates the constitution. Legislature has more power than the courts. Ultimately as between the courts and the legislature it is the legislature that has the final say; EXCEPT the power of the courts to strike a law down because it violates the constitution. If it does the law is then unconstitutional and is thrown out. There is a clause in the constitution that prohibits expose facto laws; a law that makes an act a crime after the act was committed. You can’t increase the punishment after a crime was committed.

When a legislature first enacts a statute the legal community is often going crazy because nobody knows what the words in the statute means and in till a lawsuit comes thru the court system and a judicial opinion is states what the words mean no one knows for Ex. The homicide statute in North Carolina says: that 1st-degree murder is the unlawful killing of another with malice, premeditation, and deliberation. Never rely on what you think, read the judicial opinion in the case notes. Deliberation- is killing in a cool state of blood. It must be found that the person was not so overcome by passion that he didn’t know what he was doing there can not be malice.- Killing without an excuse

Amending- the legislature doesn’t like the courts interpretations of a statute. They amend it to make in more clear.


text:
User:ArielGenesis

erm.. Ill try to help

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:ArielGenesis


text:
Wikimedia for girls

There are a number of issues which would help both women and men, but would help women more. Single payer health care, which the Canadians know saves 40% -- a huge amount -- enjoys widespread popular support but isn't even included in modern budget simulators like the NY Times and the much worse LA Times, which is an abject push-poll because of its inaccuracies about tax rates and only one very limited way to raise taxes on the rich. Clearly universal health care would help women with the bias against longer pregnancy leaves. Also shortening the work week would help relieve stress on everyone while decreasing unemployment. But there is little the Foundation can do directly about those things. The female head of the Foundation, however, has a more powerful pulpit than the Foundation as a whole on those topics.

There are also at least three things that the Wikimedia Foundation could do directly, today. Hans Rosling, the epidemiologist at Doctors without Borders, has pointed out that the fastest economic growth occurs about 15-20 years after the education of girls. To take advantage of this, the Foundation could:

 * help both girls and boys by instituting simple wikipedias in languages other than English for beginning readers of all ages;
 * implement audio upload using Flash, even before Gnash has audio upload (which the Foundation could fund) to help editors add pronunciations to the wiktionaries (the non-English wiktionaries have very sparse recorded pronunciations) and support reading tutoring applications to help language learners of all ages; and
 * implement GIFT with accuracy review instead of staying without low stakes self study assessments. That would also help beginners of all ages.

I have been asking for these things for months, and the reasons against them are the weakest kind of nonsense that men use to keep the clubhouse doors slammed in the face of women: supporting beginners is somehow beneath us (it is certainly beneath the patriarchal guild mentality); Flash isn't free enough because Gnash doesn't have microphone upload on all platforms yet (meanwhile the Gnash programmers are starving on shoestring budgets trying to clear that exclusionary hurdle); and the worst one I've heard is that nobody has proven a simple parser can parse GIFT both forward and backward yet (even though Moodle's GIFT parser is barely two pages of PHP!)

Sue, please lash those clubhouse doors wide open!

title: Wikimedia for girls


text:
User talk:ArielGenesis

 Hello ArielGenesis, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Ottava Rima (talk) 21:32, 15 November 2010 (UTC)

Signature
Heya. It's four tildes ( ~ with no spaces) to add the signature :-). --SB_Johnny talk 10:54, 17 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:ArielGenesis


text:
User:Egm6321.f10.team3.cook/HW6

=Problem 5: Derive the Laplacian in Cylindrical Coordinates=

Given
From the lecture notes p 35-3
 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

{x}_{1}=x= { \xi}_{1} \cos { \xi}_{2} $$ $$
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.1)
 * style= |
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

{x}_{2}=y= { \xi}_{1} \sin { \xi}_{2} $$ $$
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.2)
 * style= |
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

{x}_{3}=z= { \xi}_{3} $$ $$
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.3)
 * style= |
 * }

Find
$$ 1) $$ Find $$ \left\{  {dx}_{i}\right\}=  \left\{  {dx}_{1}, {dx}_{2}, {dx}_{3}\right\} $$ in terms of $$  \left\{  {\xi}_{j}\right\}=  \left\{  {\xi}_{1}, {\xi}_{2}, {\xi}_{3}\right\} $$ and $$ \left\{  {d\xi}_{k}\right\} $$

$$ 2) $$ Find $${ds}^{2} = \sum_{i} { \left(d {x}_{i} \right)}^{2}=  \sum_{i}  {\left(  {h}_{i}\right)}^{2}  { \left( {d\xi}_{i} \right)}^{a}$$ Identify $$ \left\{  {h}_{i}\right\} $$ in terms of $$ \left\{  {\xi}_{i}\right\} $$

$$ 3) $$ Find $$ \Delta \Psi $$ in cylindrical coordinates

$$ \left\{ {dx}_{i}\right\} $$
To solve we find the total derivatives of $$ \left\{ {dx}_{1}, {dx}_{2}, {dx}_{3}\right\} $$

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

{dx}_{1} = \frac{\partial  {x}_{1}}{\partial  {\xi}_{1}} {d\xi}_{1}+\frac{\partial  {x}_{1}}{\partial  {\xi}_{2}} {d\xi}_{2}+\frac{\partial  {x}_{1}}{\partial  {\xi}_{3}} {d\xi}_{3} $$ $$ Substituting $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.1) $$ into $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.4) $$ we get
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.4)
 * style= |
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

{dx}_{1} = \frac{\partial }{\partial  {\xi}_{1}} \left(  {\xi}_{1} \cos {\xi}_{2}\right) {d\xi}_{1} + \frac{\partial }{\partial  {\xi}_{2}} \left(  {\xi}_{1} \cos {\xi}_{2}\right) {d\xi}_{2} +\cancelto{0}\frac{\partial }{\partial  {\xi}_{3}} \left(  {\xi}_{1} \cos {\xi}_{2}\right){d\xi}_{3} $$
 *
 * style= |
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$ {dx}_{1} =  \cos {\xi}_{2}{d\xi}_{1} - {\xi}_{1} \sin {\xi}_{2} {d\xi}_{2} $$ $$
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.5)
 * style= |
 * }

Similarly,

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

{dx}_{2} = \frac{\partial }{\partial  {\xi}_{1}} \left(  {\xi}_{1} \sin {\xi}_{2}\right) {d\xi}_{1} + \frac{\partial }{\partial  {\xi}_{2}} \left(  {\xi}_{1} \sin {\xi}_{2}\right) {d\xi}_{2} +\cancelto{0}\frac{\partial }{\partial  {\xi}_{3}} \left(  {\xi}_{1} \sin {\xi}_{2}\right){d\xi}_{3} $$
 *
 * style= |
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$ {dx}_{2} =  \sin {\xi}_{2}{d\xi}_{1} + {\xi}_{1} \cos {\xi}_{2} {d\xi}_{2} $$ $$
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.6)
 * style= |
 * }

Since there is no projection on $$ {x}_{3}$$ from $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.4) $$

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$ {dx}_{3} =  {d\xi}_{3} $$ $$
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.7)
 * style= |
 * }

$$ {\left(ds\right)}^{2} $$
To solve we use the relationship

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

{ds}^{2} = { \left(d {x}_{1} \right)}^{2}+ { \left(d {x}_{2} \right)}^{2}+ { \left(d {x}_{3} \right)}^{2} $$
 *
 * style= |
 * }

And substituting equations 5.5 through 5.7 we obtain the following

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

{ds}^{2} = { \left(\cos {\xi}_{2}{d\xi}_{1} - {\xi}_{1} \sin {\xi}_{2} {d\xi}_{2} \right)}^{2}+ { \left(\sin {\xi}_{2}{d\xi}_{1} + {\xi}_{1} \cos {\xi}_{2} {d\xi}_{2} \right)}^{2}+ { \left(d {\xi}_{3} \right)}^{2} $$ $$
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.8)
 * style= |
 * }

Expanding equation 5.8 and combining like terms gives us

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

{ds}^{2} = \left( {\cos {\xi}_{2}}^{2}+ { \sin {\xi}_{2}}^{2} \right) {\left( {d\xi}_{1} \right)}^{2}+ \left({{\xi}_{1}}^{2}{\cos {\xi}_{2}}^{2}+ {  {{\xi}_{1}}^{2}\sin {\xi}_{2}}^{2} \right)  {\left( {d\xi}_{2} \right)}^{2}+  {\left( {d\xi}_{3} \right)}^{2} $$ $$ Now we use the property $$ {\sin}^2+{\cos}^2 = 1$$ we obtain
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.9)
 * style= |
 * }

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$ {ds}^{2}={\left( {d\xi}_{1} \right)}^{2}+ {{\xi}_{1}}^{2}{\left( {d\xi}_{2} \right)}^{2}+ {\left( {d\xi}_{3} \right)}^{2} $$ $$
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.10)
 * style= |
 * }

Now by inspection we see that

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$ {h}_{1}= 1 ; {h}_{2} =  {\xi}_{1} ; {h}_{3}= 1 $$ $$
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.11)
 * style= |
 * }

$$\Delta \Psi $$
To obtain the Laplacian in cylindrical coordinates we use the following equation

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

\Delta \Psi = \frac{1}{ {h}_{1}{h}_{2} {h}_{3}} \sum_{i=1}^{3}  \frac{\partial }{\partial  {\xi}_{i}} \left(  \frac{{h}_{1}{h}_{2} {h}_{3}}{ {\left( {h}_{i} \right)}^{2}} \frac{\partial  \Psi}{\partial {\xi}_{i}}\right) $$ $$
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.12)
 * style= |
 * }

Now we plug in our values for $$ {h}_{i}$$ and expand the summation

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

\Delta \Psi =  \frac{1}{ {\xi}_{1}}  \frac{\partial }{\partial  {\xi}_{1}} \left(  \frac{1}{{\xi}_{1}} \frac{\partial  \Psi}{\partial {\xi}_{1}}\right)+ \cancelto{1}\frac{{\xi}_{1}}{ {\xi}_{1}} \frac{\partial {}^{2} \Psi}{\partial  {\xi}_{2}^{2}} + \cancelto{1}\frac{{\xi}_{1}}{ {\xi}_{1}} \frac{\partial {}^{2} \Psi}{\partial  {\xi}_{3}^{2}} $$ $$
 * $$\displaystyle (Eq 5.13)
 * style= |
 * }

Finally we replace the $$ \xi s $$ with the cylindrical coordinate convention to obtain

 * {| style="width:100%" border="0"

$$ \Delta \Psi =  \frac{1}{r}  \frac{\partial }{\partial  r} \left(  \frac{1}{r} \frac{\partial  \Psi}{\partial r}\right)+ \frac{\partial {}^{2} \Psi}{\partial  { \theta}^{2}} + \frac{\partial {}^{2} \Psi}{\partial  {z}^{2}} $$ $$
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * style="width:25%; padding:1px; border:2px solid #0000FF" |
 * <p style="text-align:right;">$$\displaystyle (Eq 5.14)
 * style= |
 * }

Contributing Members
--Egm6321.f10.team3.cook 02:45, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User:Egm6321.f10.team3.cook/HW6


text:
User:Mikebogle

About Me
I'm Mike Bogle, Educational Technologist for the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at the University of New South Wales in Sydney (staff profile here).

My role spans a diverse spectrum of activities and spaces, above all seeking to help staff in the Faculty to explore the opportunities in educational technology and adapt them to their contexts. This spans on-site university services such as learning management systems, lecture capture and online media; as well as systems on the open web such as blogs, wikis, virtual worlds, social networks, and other forms of social media.

Research Interests

 * eLearning and educational technology
 * Empowerment & personalisation of learning; open education; nurturing of self-directed learners
 * Educational change; distributed and/or alternative learning models
 * Educational applications of emerging technology and social software
 * Trends in web-use and the Internet
 * Formulation and sociology of online communities
 * Web-based communication, VOIP, web conferencing and virtual environments
 * Free, Open Source Software (FOSS): Philosophy, culture, sociology, technology

Why I'm Here
I'm investigating Wikiversity as a potential collaborative space for my work with the Faculty, as well as a way to introduce the ideas of open education. Planning on /projects/ will take place on subpages within this talk page.

title: User:Mikebogle


text:
User:Mikebogle/projects

This is the umbrella page for any projects I'm brainstorming.

title: User:Mikebogle/projects


text:
User:Stack.kara

2.3 Tessellations

A tessellation is a pattern of polygons fitted together to cover the entire plane without overlapping. A regular tessellation is a tessellation is when a regular polygon, a figure whose sides all have the same length and whose angles are all equal, tiles the plane.

A tiling or a tessellation is a covering of the entire infinite plane by non-overlapping figures. A monohedral tiling who tile is a regular polygon is called a regular tiling.

The three regular polygons that can tile the plane are an equilateral triangle, a square, and a regular hexagon. This is possible because the interior angles of these three regular figures can be evenly go into 360 (the number of degrees in a circle).

For instance: The interior angle of an equilateral triangle is 60 degrees, which can evenly go into 360 degrees. This makes an equilateral triangle one of the three regular polygons that can tile the plane. Let's take an pentagon. A pentagon has an interior angle of 108 degrees. This does not go into 360 evenly, meaning it cannot tile the plane without overlapping or gaps being left.

Theorem: Any triangle and quadrilateral can tile the plane. Even convex quadrilaterals can tile the plane. This is possible because a side of a triangle or quadrilateral can be modified and translated or rotated. Then that tile is used to tile the plane.

title: User:Stack.kara


text:
Ideas in Geometry/Instructive examples/Lesson 15: Tessellations

2.3 Tessellations

A tessellation is a pattern of polygons fitted together to cover the entire plane without overlapping. A regular tessellation is a tessellation is when a regular polygon, a figure whose sides all have the same length and whose angles are all equal, tiles the plane.

The three regular polygons that can tile the plane are an equilateral triangle, a square, and a regular hexagon. This is possible because the interior angles of these three regular figures can be evenly go into 360 (the number of degrees in a circle).

Theorem: Any triangle and quadrilateral can tile the plane.


text:
User:Hmeelker

I have been assigned a task for one of my classes at Carleon Universtiy: Historical Representations. This task is actually a three step process losely based on Canada's Cold War experiance. The first step was to write a book review. In my case the book was Melanie McGrath's The Long Exile which was about the relocation of several Inuit families far north. Although there is undoutably validity to the connection between this relocation and the cold war, McGrath does not point to it. She does acknowledge the families were moved to substantiate Canada's claims to the north, but does not contextualize this with the cold war. This conclusion is based on my review, with all relevent citation and acknowledgement of the authors ideas therein.

The second step was a review on the Emergency Nuclear Shelter located in Carp, Ontario, aka the Diefenbunker. The Diefenbunker explicitly reflects Canada's Cold War experiance as well as being a historical representation, or historic site.

The third step is my purpose in writing this, here, on this site. It presents a platform to represent history publicily, subject to challenge, modification, analysis and critque. So far, the differences between academic historicism (or history in an academic mileux) and ways of representing history outside of this mileux have been vast and striking. Something every history student is told (nearly) is the unsuitability of wikipedia for citation. On the one hand this is an acknowledgement of popularity and potential benefits of wikipedia for generalized knowledge. On the other hand the inherent dangers of "unqualified authors" has yet to be overcome in most classrooms.

Historical Representations is one way of overcoming the problems of wikipedia, because wikipedia, whatever its flaws, is another way of representing history. Furthermore, it is rapidly gaining in attraction to those of us not entirely ensconsed in our "Ivory Tower." The merits and disadvantages of wikipedia (even this branck of wikiversity) are subsidary to my main purpose here.

I would like to contribute perhaps an essay, or some kind of original historical addition to this particular forum of representing history. I just need to find an appropriate topic...

title: User:Hmeelker


text:
User talk:DemeterDesign

 Hello DemeterDesign, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --La comadreja formerly AFriedman RESEARCH (talk) 03:29, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

 Hi! My name is WikiversityJack. I am a pumpkin and a Wikiversity mascot. My aunt told me that fun + learning = Wikiversity. Let me know if I can help you out.

title: User talk:DemeterDesign


text:
User talk:Hmeelker

 Hello Hmeelker, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --La comadreja formerly AFriedman RESEARCH (talk) 03:30, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

 Hi! Our name is Vicky-Verity. We are twins and are Wikiversity mascots. We think Wikiversity is a great place to learn and make friends (when we aren't sleeping). Leave us a message!

title: User talk:Hmeelker


text:
Portal:High school mathematics/Quadratic functions

Book
Algebra/Quadratic_functions

Activities
 {How many solutions of $$x^2+x+1=0$$ in $$\mathbb{R}$$? { 0 _1 }
 * type="{}"}

Other Links
quadratic functions

[|from khan academy]


text:
Portuguese Language/Alphabet

The following table represents the 26 letters of the Portuguese alphabet together their names in Portuguese:

(1) These letters are currently included in the alphabet.

The blow list shows a rough pronunciation guide (in Brazilian Portuguese):

a = "ah" b = "beh" c = "say" d = "day" e = "ay" f = "efi" g = "g" h = "aga" i = "ee" j = "jota" k = "ka" (not used in Portuguese) l = "eli" m = "emi" n = "eni" o = "o" (not a dipthong) p = "pay" q = "cu" r = "ede" or "ehe" s = "essay" t = "tay" u = "oo" v = "vay" w = "doble you" x = "sheez" y = "ipsilon" z = "zed"

title: Portuguese Language/Alphabet


text:
Ideas in Geometry/Instructive examples/Lesson 6: Introduction to City Geometry

Introduction to City Geometry

In City Geometry, we have points and lines, just like in Euclidean Geometry. However, since we can only travel on city blocks, the distance between points is computed in a bit of a strange way. We don't measure distance as the crow flies. Instead we use the Taxicab distance:

Definition: Given two points A=(ax, ay) and B=(bx, by), we define the Taxicab distance as dT(A,B) = │ax-bx│+│ay-by│

Triangles: Triangle look the same in City Geometry as they do in Euclidean Geometry. Also, you measure the angles in exactly the same way. However, there is one minor hiccup. The lengths of the sides of each of these triangles are a little odd.

Circles: Circle is the collection of all points equidistant from a given point. So it City Geometry, we must conclude that a circle of radius 2 would look like a diamond two points away from the center.

Example: Will just bought himself a brand new gorilla suit. He wants to show it off at three parties this Saturday night. The parties are being held at his friends' house: The Antidisestablishment (A), Hausdorff (H), and the Wookie Loveshack (W). If she travels from party A to party H to Party W, how far does he travel this Saturday night?

Solution: We need compute dT (A,H) + dT (H,W)

Let's start by fixing a coordinate system and making A the origin. Then H is (2, -5) and W is (-10, -2). Then dT (A,H) = │0-2│+│0-(-5)│ = 2+5        = 7

and

dT (H,W) = │2-(-10)│+│-5-(-2)│ = 12+3        = 15

Will must trudge 7 + 15 = 22 blocks in his gorilla suit.

Midset Definition: Given two points A and B, their midset is the set of points that are equal distance away from both A and B.

-Michelle Hur


text:
User talk:Bunnyboi

 Hello Bunnyboi, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Ottava Rima (talk) 05:56, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Bunnyboi


text:
User:Angelfortunes

Some content to start the journey.

/Angelfortunes/blog

/last page/next page/

title: User:Angelfortunes


text:
User:Angelfortunes/Angelfortunes/blog

Pretty sure this is a first sub-page, on the same journey.

BlogSubPage

Blosage

Angelfortunes 16th November 2010

title: User:Angelfortunes/Angelfortunes/blog


text:
User talk:Angelfortunes

Talking about myself. Should have traveled the political highway.

Angelfortunes 07:00, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Angelfortunes


text:
User:Angelfortunes/last page/next page

last = http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/What_is_HTML

title: User:Angelfortunes/last page/next page


text:
User talk:Ibrmrn3000

 Hello Ibrmrn3000, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Mu301Bot 08:18, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

Feel free to leave a message on my talk page if you have any questions or need help. --mikeu talk 08:18, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ibrmrn3000


text:
ACR/ACR&Brain

The functions of the brain

 * Interface between body and environment
 * Store
 * Recall
 * Compare

Interface between body and environment
The occurrence of the brain in some living species and not in other ones lead to the conclusion that it is not a necessity for the body to function properly as an entity. Although some of the functions which a brain provides might be necessary to enable a living creature to survive, if they are just simple mechanical, repeatable functions of a body part then they might be served of just a provision which stores exactly this functionality. But does not necessary need a brain with all the other functionalities. Only when this function need to be different when the circumstances are different and need to be adapted to the circumstances then a brain might be necessary. Depending on the complexity, size and amount of this functionalities the brain needs to be flexible too in its size.

Store
In order to provide all the functionality which are necessary to adapt the body to its environment the brain must to be able to store all the information which it gets from the body and from the environment. Since this storage is not controlled by any other part of the body, or of just a part of the brain, it needs to be controlled by the way the brain is built.

There are two main features which indicates how the brain could work. One is that there is an existence of complementary brain parts and the other is the vast amount of neurons connected with even a greater amount of axons (connections between the neurons).

To keep track of an information stored in many neurons, which are connected with many other neurons which have nothing to do with the information, seem only possible if done sequentially. In a way which is known in computer programming as 'linked list'. Which means that every part of the information, stored in one neuron, has also an information on where to find the next part of the information. And when all the information is collected (action+circumstances) then the last neuron has the information where to find the reaction. Which is also stored as a linked list. This additional information is provided when the information is stored the first time and cannot be changed as long as the brain exists. Which would account for the amount needed of neurons and axions.

Recall
The process of recalling is necessary for many different reasons. The data can be recalled on its own or to manipulate (add, subtract, compare) another data already recalled. If it is recalled for manipulation then it, together with the other recalled data, will provide a new sequence of information which will lead to a different end-neuron which will provide the 'address' of the specific reaction to follow.

To recall information it is necessary that it is precicely known what is being looked for. In this way it can be checked that the right axions are being followed leading to the right neurons and consequently to the right information (address) stored in the last neuron. If this information is not thought after then it might be recalled to provide it for comparison.

title: ACR/ACR&Brain


text:
User talk:J.Mosella

 Hello J.Mosella, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! If you're a twitter user, please follow http://twitter.com/Wikiversity. --Ottava Rima (talk) 15:32, 16 November 2010 (UTC)

title: User talk:J.Mosella


text:
User:Norton~enwikiversity/Wikistution/Amendment XXXI

Section 1

No person shall be elected to the Senate for more than two six-year terms. This Article shall not prevent any person who may be holding position in Senate, or acting as a Senator, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the position or acting as Senator during the remainder of such term.

Section 2

No person shall be elected to the House for more than six two-year terms. This Article shall not prevent any person who may be holding position in the House, or acting as a member of the House, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the position or acting as a member of the House during the remainder of such term.


text:
Collaborative play writing/John Brewen

John Brewen

Dramatic characters (15)

John Brewen, goldsmith

Anne, wife to Brewen

Sapience, lover to Anne and Amaryll

Robert Carr, earl of Somerset

Fernando, apprentice to Brewen

Jeremy, defrocked priest

Jeremina, daughter to Jeremy

Trencher, servant to Brewen

Amaryll, wife to Trencher

Libertine, lover to Jeremina

Ebdiah, priest

First Citizen

Second Citizen

First Counsellor

Second Counsellor

Guards, a dead dog

Time: 1615

Place: England

/Act_1/

/Act_2/

/Act_3/

/Act_4/

/Act_5/

title: Collaborative play writing/John Brewen


text:
Collaborative play writing/John Brewen/Act 1

Act 1. Scene 1. The earl's palace

Enter two citizens

1 Citizen. The outcome may prove bloody.

2 Citizen. As sometimes said, whoever displeases the state is liable to draw wondrous terrors on his head.

1 Citizen. My experience on our country's manners forbids me to interpret rumors otherwise.

2 Citizen. It is feared that the people's will, a floodgate opening to whatever please the million, will sap the goodly root that makes the million live, together with all fruit-wisdoms neither they nor we can chew on.

1 Citizen. I often hear that windy title, liberty, blown through the robes of strictest tyrants. Though atoms in aptitude, that one word makes them Typhons.

Enter two counsellors

2 Citizen. Our counsellors shuffle. Have you no word to gloze them with?

1 Citizen. None, except what housewives speak of in their duller soap-hours: men who always follow the earl's weathercock, though spinning to their father's dishonor, men who flatter, Olympic at it.

2 Citizen. Feeding on the bran of vagaries in liberty and state promotion. With such clouds, counsellors consider that their country is excellently served.

1 Citizen. Dull satin nozzles! Behold how trimly they sweep the large earl's chair of state, complete with the king's gift-showers. One would think it had lain at least one month in cellar damps among declining derelicts.

2 Citizen. Pests on their officialdom! You'll find them before their motley tumblers highly flattering the low mob, pronouncing that the sort of democracy prevailing among us, as they understand it, wings towards high heaven, nearly blessed, and that those traitors- so they term their betters- who, in throes of industry, labor for themselves alone, come the state what will, should be on the townhall pole strung up as so many beanstalks.

1 Citizen. The throng is mighty in their thoughts. By Solon, they would have state-laws wound tighter around our necks, all for the service of the meaner folk.

2 Citizen. His earldom comes.

Enter the earl of Somerset

1 Citizen. Hear tyranny, blown in his wind, speak of his enemies, I mean any who does not please him. When the king's fire blows his glassy honors, he gets bigger as we speak.

2 Citizen. State-grooms who obtain from him revenues, not the crowing commonality, will agree with him.

1 Citizen. I'll look through crutches until I hear better words.

2 Citizen. I hope I die before. The honey-earl, the king's shepherd-friend in bedchambers, lifts himself as if he ready to pipe.

1 Citizen. Let us retire farther back for more security, while counsellors of state shoot bullet-holes through our eyes.

Somerset. Advance, good citizens. Your business done

Amid our larders and our kitchens, hear

What we decree to please all people well.

1 Citizen. We thank your grace.

Somerset. The state concerns us nearly. Never doubt

Our thoughts are always to the people knit,

Their will like ours. Of what use is the state

If not maintained for general welfare?

It is much breathed over greasiest boards-

Mere gossip knowledge- that all murderers,

The plunderers of state- as who offends

Our grimiest subjects but is not proclaimed

A foe to government?- have grown of late

To monstrous shapes, and therefore to be trimmed

By ropes of statecraft: so they will, and hard.

A murder we account an act of blood

With blood to be repressed. Name only one

Who in the sight of his own children slain,

Of friends, of uncles butchered, or else of

His wife's remains bestrewn piecemeal in trash,

Has not run mad, to live part-time, in hope

Of sapping blood from him who thieved and killed,

Who violated and cut off, and this

With knowledge of the punishments reserved

When followed on the heel of capture. "Ha,"

Some may exclaim, "what penance is reserved,

Our laws so pygmy weak?" Heed our design:

Our newest course of law we here decree

The gravest and the bloodiest towards these:

No scorner of man's life, let him be high

Within our love, or lowest laborer

Who with his heavy footsteps raises dust,

No man-reviler will escape, but bleed,

And that more cunningly. Enough on this.

1 Counsellor. Most worthy is the proclamation!

2 Counsellor. A Solomon's, alive among the great!

1 Citizen. (to 2 Citizen

Am I no prophet on the words of fools?

2 Citizen. Isaiah day or night!

1 Counsellor. I cannot wag as tongue of all men's thoughts

Concerning these decrees, yet for my part

We hear a royal message in these words.

All good men are amazed and nearly swoon

In fear each night, with prayers that the cross

Of open pillage and remorseless deaths

Will be delivered from our country's neck:

So British-brutish murders, in fears spent,

Become a worm, not snakes beneath our steps.

2 Counsellor. I think I speak for all good men: there is

No worse ignominy than common racks

That separate men's bones from duty, yet

Much more can be invented: cauldrons dipped

In hell, man-made, reserved for only them.

These recent murders, not of one hand's birth,

Indoctrinate all virtues into sickliness.

My lord the earl, with wisdom heeding well

Complaints of groaning subjects, whose fair wives

And sons have met with death, compassionates,

So that the ambidextrous fiend who cuts

With either hand, with more than death will be

Requited cruelly, and many more.

Thus justice resonates through common mouths

With one complete entire voice, filled with saws

Of generations past and present, thus

We kill to spare loved ones from killing, cut

The hand that will not hold before it kills

Us all entirely, and thereby raise

A wind unwitched, to swell prosperity

On billows of state-sails in swiftest course,

Thus ending terrors of the night, or death

In many secret conclaves.

1 Counsellor. It is the death of terror, not itself,

Our subjects' love, our country's farthest hope,

Which all good men applaud with hands of love.

Somerset. I thank your voices. By our potency,

It will be common law, well ratified,

As if created with a single voice.

He who lifts bloody hands against his own-

Are we not all our own?- will die at once,

Too bloodily. Let us remove ourselves

To revels, all our weary cares bobbed down,

To drink more fondly on the love we bear

Our subjects, worthy of our every toil.

2 Counsellor. With joy we will embrace this offered cheer.

Exeunt the earl and the second counsellor

Counsellor 1. So, sir, we can agree?

Exit the first counsellor

1 Citizen. You see how citizens, much needed here,

Should come to witness every day such news.

2 Citizen. To quaff at least.

Exeunt the two citizens

Act 1. Scene 2. A street

Enter Jeremy and Jeremina

Jeremy. One may be of two minds regarding the earl's declarations.- Do you heed, daughter?

Jeremina. The ear as daughter to a father's tongue.

Jeremy. On one side excessive though sometimes deserving cruelty, feeding on her own brood, the hands of death as reversed glasses of creating light, crushing injustice with her bloodiest fruit, on the other lenity, forgiveness, patience, teeming grounds of creation's garden. The wicked in state-made engines restrain lives, to the sweaty post, the bed of straw, the final pit, to fashion us according to dictates of those in power.

Jeremina. Such murderous punishments are a way to heat our engines up. When the condemned hang, their progeny uses the same rope to choke us.

Jeremy. True. Death's variety can never be circumscribed. She wears a motley coat, never fashioned from one piece of cloth, and we, poor man, poor woman, must try them all.

Jeremina. Over our head death hovers- no, flies everywhere. Our wretchedness draws her speeding on like Mercury, who should be pounded in lead otherwise.

Jeremy. Death is everything to us: sometimes a friend to soothe despair, the medicine to any injury, the fire consuming enemies, to make us sing in misery, our laughing echo in remote caves, when pounding our heads on stalactites and stubbing our toes on stalagmites, in a dream delivering us from sleep, the only sound of joy at midnight, our one sun, though belabored by the sweep of clouds and winds of lusts, a banquet arresting looseness to make us tame, a night that, like a bracelet, takes our dreams in hand, fit for what awaits us.

Jeremina. All good. I have heard it all, yet, uncloyed, would hear it all again.

Jeremy. Death is also a midwife, by whose hands we are delivered to eternity, yet there is a black thing preventing us to take wing thereto: murder in our thoughts. Do you hear that word in your dreams at night? Confess, if you do, and then conceive and embrace a witttier engine for our flight.

Jeremina. Never, father, for she yields for our meals a double fork, killing my enemy and me.

Jeremy. Virtue's daughter, not mine! I was defrocked because of your allurements, but no matter now. Never yield to death's cloud-visions. Though apparent to the sun's glory, yet when affliction frowns like the magistrate who discovers us, eager flames dance around the guilty, from which punishment a viper rises, able to mangle blood and brood, leaving us with many hearts environed in flames, to close misdeeds in torment.

Jeremina. I believe so. Lash me with tongues of steel, let my young bones freeze under the curate's breath, curse me with restraint doubly portcullisied, with terrors our worse prisons afford, yet, against that one word, I stand secure, on a rack the miracle of patience.

Jeremy. Safe enough, I hope. Nevertheless, I carry an antidote against the black ointment, which on our blistered soul seems like a remedy but proves a scorpion. Mark well: our book of hell sighs with lungs swollen in blood for man or woman cursed with his brother's murder, our first damnation, for whose deed hell gapes widely with a full mouth.

Jeremina. I tremble at each letter.

Jeremy. Quake and stammer, lest you become that sorcerer's love-maiden.

Jeremina. Never. I am the fool of shadows when beggarly fears attend me.

Jeremy. A sound creed. A woman who murders engenders Cain's brood.

Jeremina. A horrible gourd of faith to drink from!

Jeremy. Clasp the book closely on either rising teat. Say that our demon, love, whispers in a fond woman's dream: "hack your bedfellow, love another." That heeded to and performed, what follows? From the legs of concupiscence springs the infant, wrath, kicking at remonstrances, one who will grow with you, your hairs against his, stronger each month, puny to be made readier. Then tell: will you milk such a child, or starve him in cellars? Your spirit's essence is snuffed out otherwise. From our blood fire rises, whose tongue licks wantonly. Will you feed the flame with trash? Pleasure's nostrils will be wearied, then, the mouth filled with a whirlwind of curses hourly forever after: for infidels no rest but rather sleep's perdition, to hug damnation like their pillow.

Jeremina. More whips of warning on my reddened ears!

Jeremy. We'll gobble apple peels tomorrow morn,

With scruggs of orange in a syrup to

Amuse ourselves with sermons without priests.

Jeremina. The daily nourishment I hourly take

And will expect!

Exeunt Jeremy and Jeremina

Act 1. Scene 3. Brewen's house

Enter Amaryll and Trencher

Amaryll. You make a slave of me with trencher tales.

Trencher. Too true.

Amaryll. Debauchery is tame, to be forgiven?

Trencher. I hear he is.

Amaryll. Sooner will the world turn honest than our master repent. It is more than a woman's nature to believe it. What does our Spaniard, the serving puff-piece, say to this?

Trencher. He talks, gaping, a moon-man, refusing to play with the ears of reason, like a man with a tiger-whelp when the dam is nearby.

Amaryll. That mathematician of men's lives is excellent at errors.

Trencher. Who can credit our master's grown virtuous?

Amaryll. Those who have an interest in it, his trencher-master, his steward of vice, his goblet-stooper in noisy carousings.

Trencher. The Spaniard melts his marrow with liquid hell.

Amaryll. His villainy admitted and confessed- for to his credit he answers to the name of vile subjugator- though sometimes shriving, he usually excites him to worse sinning, a blower-up of looseness marring our master's manhood with gimlets, he all the while in blessed white with Easter flowers, full of salutary benevolence towards one sinking in subterranean pleasures.

Trencher. No Spaniard but the compendium of vices in all nations.

Amaryll. Pouring powders on credulity, whispering perfumes of fealty, greeting our enemies with the same friendship as our friends, like priests convincing us to virtue for our harm.

Trencher. He'll stagger with a count, to prove he smiles amid fellows.

Amaryll. To cheat him of his tumblers.

Trencher. To ponder on his ruin.

Amaryll. To stab him with his own golden poniard.

Trencher. To lick his fingers as he dies.

Amaryll. Here, our improvement.

Enter Fernando

Fernando. Will you draw water? Our master chafes.

Trencher. Are you not the measle on his pleasures?

Amaryll. Which he should scratch away?

Fernando. "Sooner will the sun relinquish his spots, should the Tuscanian be believed," says our master, "than I my iniquities."

Amaryll. Yet he smiles now against our mistress.

Fernando. To drop his nose in bottles more pleasantly before she begins to fume.

Trencher. One brothel-keeper scorns another.

Fernando. I hope I may not be charged as woman's foulest abuser if I pronounce our mistress the primest whore in this parish. If confirmed, why should not the master's eleventh finger do elsewhere?

Amaryll. While carving his meat, you pronounce "duty", "fame", "honor", which he regards as atheists the credo.

Fernando. The Nicene-Constantinopolitan one.

Trencher. More golden coins to grace your silver age.

Fernando. Beneath heaven's watchful eye.

Amaryll. But who will support decaying limbs of old men's lusts half spent?

Fernando. Fatal hour-glass, is not your hole too large to prognosticate?

Amaryll. Out, rascally varlet slave! Never speak of holes you'll never see.

Fernando. No, she prefers to use them than speak of them. It is that rotted hair-spinner, our mistress, who teaches you this woman's chiding sport. Who else but she barks at our master, maddens him when his head falls on his plate of olives, full of tomcat suggestions in another's bed? So news pour into my ears while I suck on eggs each morning.

Amaryll. What she does in lacking, he does in augmenting.

Trencher. Man preys, awaiting no ceremony. If left unattended, he imposes his will before she bemoans her sex, a cat with meat while the moon shines through his ribs. I have seen such men.

Amaryll. Men rise when women fall.

Fernando. When women rise, I let my master fall

On them. He bears the heavier purse, I know.

Amaryll. Scorning jackal!

Fernando. Pleasant punishment, do not make me angrier.

Amaryll. Is woman man's pleasant punishment? What are you, guzzler's groom, hell in a little box, Charon without his boat, dredging in mud, blot of your sex, to carry our master to hell? You and him by scalding treatments dried off, grasshoppers in the August sun! Schoolboys copying your vices become grandfathers.

Fernando. Have you no end, mouth-piece? How can your tongue serve a husband at night if you wear it out by day?

Trencher. I'll serve you, pepper-box of railing.

Fernando. See how your wife, that sobbing rainbow, stares at a man with scorn, her lips a plague-sore red, Satan's work, eyelids: blue- pockmarks are sweeter- then her yellow-green-tawny-prune complexion, cream to make cats vomit, brows: black, two beggars dying next to each other.

Trencher. On you we already notice the beginning of evil before the bones crack, brows limned with melancholy, lust's mirror and sign of aging atheism, flat with lechery's decay, cheeks blown like a cur's infected bladder, with yellow about the eyes and brackish chins, prologue to insipid age in moth-eaten woolcases, smiles like daggers cutting through wrinkled paper, chops like bagpipes, wheezing as the wind bestirs from that dying furnace, your lungs, when retching at the urinal.

Amaryll. Here comes the declining lecher and his mare, bearing him asleep to hell.

Fernando. Water, I say.

Trencher. Not cool enough to calm the man's desires.

Exeunt Amaryll and Trencher, enter John and Anne from separate doors

John. We meet in softer terms than heretofore.

Anne. I hope we will.

John. Is that likely? You are still yourself.

Anne. And you, I thought, a caterpillar transformed.

John. Will we have water?

Exit Fernando

No vision you once hoped to know about.

Anne. A marriage like the fleeting pleasures in

The cell of a forgotten dungeon!

John. Your chiding makes me thirsty. (drinking

Anne. Breathing makes you thirsty.

John. I know my bottles better: perfumed drink.

Anne. Little else.

John. Why do I drink? So soon forgotten? Have

I not most often promised to amend?

Alas, remorses make me thirsty, too. (drinking

Anne. Ha, pigeon-hearted meekness to your glass,

Strong in wife-beatings, whose throat is all fire,

Consuming soggy vitals, though the loins

Undrillably hard crusts of Arctic ice.

John. What have I not suffered? What with my lechery, midday revellings, lascivious talk and pell-mell mayhem, you leave little room for swelling vice to enter. How may I pay loathsomeness back with so mild a disposition?

Anne. I'll think on it.

John. Here is what makes thinkers unthink. (drinking

Anne. Ingredients to make bears stagger.

John. Hee! Hee! I hope I may be forgiven.

Anne. Do you sometimes reflect I am your wife?

John. Even dead bitches shows their teeth.

Anne. All vessels of forgiveness I have drunk

And broken.

John. And I the rest.

Anne. Think on it.

John. Who knows a better wife? I hear of none.

Anne. I will no more instruct a baby's ear

With Pappus' theorem of hexagons.

John. Hee! Hee! Hee! What a brain I drown asleep!

Do we have salted bits? But yet I know

Worse sins, worse outcomes: whoring, that.

Anne. Tongue-loose brawler! You speak of me to me?

John. When have I not since first we hooped our fingers in thraldom before church-bell echoes died? My memory is no buried peach yet.

Anne. I remember marriage.

John. To others: meat; the bone to struggle with

Alone for me.

Anne. Convoluted sea-snake!

John. Swine acorn-leavings!

Anne. Which you revel to suck on after drinking.

John. I know my bottles better: perfumed drink. (drinking

When pangs make all my veins swell, slippery

And variable you often prove, the fruit

Of love you give to barbers, leaving me

With hair to play with.

Anne. Half-eaten apple, canker, stale half-thing!

John. I weep, but water I as soon restore. (drinking

Anne. Each bottle is your second mouth. But yet

My shirt will not be ruffled on this night.

John. If you once dare to shake about the ears,

I'll-

Anne. What, slave?

John. Let me expound on that later.

Anne. Miraculous scholar!

John. Why was I not buried after the ceremony?

Anne. A razor on that tongue!

John. Bugs on the manhood of your dalliers!

Vile woman, on our mouth and swinish glands

You clog us till we die.

Anne. Particular friends do a husband's right

Of office all day long.

John. Who can say this and smile?

Anne. I hope my mother taught me better, slave.

John. Good. I cannot be madder, then.

Anne. Or wiser.

John. A thousand husbands roar approval if

A thousand times I hit your face and breasts.

Anne. This will be answered.

John. I have gall enough. Gall I possess, though bitter: am I not of woman's flesh?

Anne. Know mine instead.

John. The muckhill of the world.

Anne. Replaced by what? How swine swim in their own filth!

John. I'll be with you anon, after kissing.

Exit John

Anne. True, after kissing streaming urinals.

Re-enter Fernando

Fernando. His water.

Anne. I have a friend who brings a kiss of life

To woman. Kissing is the all in all

Of that man's trade. I'll wrap myself around

Insisting knees, though some call him the rag

On which a hurried woman wipes herself,

But yet more pleasing than a husband's snore.

The idle slumbers of a drunkard slave!

His dream's his poison, but for me a dram

Of poison is my dream, to put to sleep

With my own hands, with my own hands quite soon,

Which teeth of dragons cannot hold away,

A woman's art, in which you will be asked

To help deceive.

Fernando. If I must, willingly.

Exeunt Anne and Fernando


text:
Collaborative play writing/John Brewen/Act 2

Act 2. Scene 1. Brewen's house

Enter Sapience and Amaryll

Amaryll. You dog me still.

Sapience. No kiss?

Amaryll. My dog's lips first.

Sapience. Excellent hyena, nuzzle me closer, or, if you frown, I'll take you indirectly. The male hyena rushes towards the female, then veers away, as I do, to make sure he is safe. (kissing her

Amaryll. I thought you came up short for thoughts of love.

Sapience. Ha! Ha! A shorter kiss just for that jest. (kissing her

Amaryll. Hell-fire is cooler.

Sapience. May devils dance against each side of you.

Amaryll. Manners grosser than Mayday ribbon-mongers!- Fut! Do you swell the lip?

Sapience. A vixen maddens me.

Amaryll. I know a friend who may amend your lusts.

Sapience. Your Spaniard? I scorn the heels of his shoes.

Amaryll. He bears a blade.

Sapience. I scorn both blade and whiskers.

Amaryll. I must draw milk.

Sapience. Draw some from me instead.

Amaryll. Ha, forcing me? An ape of hell so bold?

Sapience. What is the harm in chewing some rare bits

Of spiced adultery each working day,

More on a Sunday?

Amaryll. One day we'll dream we never closed together.

Sapience. Should I run mad? No other word of grace?

Amaryll. None yet.

Sapience. Have I not pleaded, showered you with gold

Like Danae, neglected wife and son's

Slack bellies for your love, as if my own

And only mine? Is smooth indifference

To all my oaths and protestations

To be my pickings on each winter day?

In climbing of the apple-tree, I find

Soot and grey cinders, shrivelling the tongue,

Love's root transplanted in Gomorrah with

Each of my members frozen evermore.

Amaryll. I am pursued by jealous husbands, one

Of whom may plant a blade inside my ribs

If you conduct me where I dare not think.

I cannot Daphne-like to laurel change

Should my Apollo trim my straying hedge.

Sapience. Dare not?

Amaryll. But yet I'll make a banquet of my eyes

In looking at your body all I can.

Sapience. Scorned, scorned! Why always speak of looking, ha?

I carry members meant to be both food

And mouth, to make you wish you had ten more.

Amaryll. Fair centaur! Am I to be wedding meat

Whenever you arrive to thrash about?

Sapience. Such is the meed of niceness! I should go

To brothels or to churches for my lusts.

Enter Fernando with a drawn sword

Fernando. Why fly from me already, Amaryll?

Amaryll. I'll stay.

Fernando. Where? With your lover?

Sapience. O, I am dead. Cart me away to earth.

Fernando. Admit it, girl. I am no husband here.

Amaryll. Worse.

Fernando. No husband yet.

Sapience. I'll go.

Fernando. (striking him

Stay.

Sapience. Perhaps I'll stay instead.

Fernando. I'll play on you as do anatomists

On bones unless you sit more staidly by.

Sapience. Were my head sleeping in a viper's nest!

Amaryll. On hollow bladder skins we slumber when

Each billow swallows us.

Sapience. I am a made man.

Fernando. Behold this brow of blood; learn to fear it.

Exit Sapience

Amaryll. An apter pupil than I ever thought,

Full of obedience, mildness, and respect.

Fernando. Pale winter flea! He feeds on woman's blood,

Not daring to come nearer man's regard.

Amaryll. How can a woman be avenged on him?

Reflect on that if you love Amaryll.

Fernando. Stay! This time a man pleads and begs, inclined

To droop on your ripe breast or otherwhere.

Amaryll. What poison have you swallowed? Am I not

Who I am, Amaryll and married still?

Fernando. (ripping off her shirt

Too true, you are another's.

Amaryll. Ha? Are you mad?

Fernando. I had forgotten that.

Amaryll. How, sucking like an infant in the street?

Fernando. An infant, but extremely vengeful, too.

I promise that to any who adhere

Where I would like to stay.

Amaryll. So. But will I be tainted with the crime?

Fernando. No, sweetest innocence. Should he advance

Against your absolute express commands,

Smear on these drops. Let copulation suck,

To fall corrupted past all modern cures.

Amaryll. How, on both nipples?

Fernando. No harm to you, for him none either, in

That death ends all our dangers in this life.

Amaryll. Ingenious vengeance!

Fernando. Should not all women be defended so

In lusty England?

Amaryll. Should he offend, into a lover's grave

He'll pitch down senselessly.

Fernando. Who better is acquainted with old death

Than lovers? Women recognize that well.

Amaryll. I'll never ask for deeper proofs of love.

Fernando. No more trite words. Let Plato speak for us:

Our greatest happiness is to do good.

Exeunt Amaryll and Fernando

Act 2. Scene 2. Brewen's house

Enter Anne and Sapience

Anne. Fretted and pestered!

Sapience. Like house flies shake him off.

Anne. Are such deeds possible?

Sapience. There is little we cherish more than murder carried well.

Anne. Consider yet the earl's resolve to work

Against the deed.

Sapience. Let no flesh sink into fear. Rather let

It rise again as any man would wish.

Anne. Agreed. I never knew a sweeter sin.

Sapience. No husband's bed can bind a woman's lust,

Acknowledging no known geography.

Anne. You have not drunk my husband's dissipation.

Sapience. I do not doubt he is a filthy, troublesome man of lust, as men are so inclined, or those who are not dare not do what their conscience bids them to. No airy words as "sin" and "commandment" restrain concupiscence whenever it rages and chafes.

Anne. You know his type: a deadly entertainer of jests, wont to make a beggar's belly shake with cutting down of reputations, though mangy and foodless, a truant at forty years, one who would rather cease breathing than carousing, or cease carousing than pouring between strange laps, a cogger when he bestirs himself, one who at seventeen pilfered his mother's paralytic purse, to run away and make her die of sorrow.

Sapience. A triple six for describing an excellent example of manhood! I know no worthier one.

Anne. I describe nature's error. Can any man carry such a load of sins without being struck by a thunderbolt, when Onan merely frisked with his fingers?

Sapience. You speak ill of God's watchfulness.

Anne. He? A half-aborted cur! His father, a magistrate of harsh though clear living, could never savor acknowledging such a son, especially after sorrowfully beholding all the gradations of his boyish lusts, calling him no child of his before the boy-in-all-but-vices resolved his first multiplication.

Sapience. Why not do as Roman fathers did, excused for taking off sons rich only in vices, to spare the world a shudder?

Anne. If only he were gone! If only I

Were rid of all of him! I gain a dream

Of paradise by it.

Sapience. Easily achieved.

Anne. Of what use are poisons if not for bad husbands?

Sapience. In serving you, there is no cornerstone of danger I would not build on.

Anne. What woman would not applaud such resolution, more profitable, I guess, than Fernando's!

Sapience. You open to him as well?

Anne. No more.

Sapience. Should my mother stand in front of either, my rapier goes through. I laugh in whirlwinds, scorning commodity, just to hear your commendations.

Anne. I am the wretchedest if you fail to affect it.

Sapience. I scorn comparisons, yet Polyphemus in his den was not so choleric and bloody as I can be should the woman be worth it. No crazed voluptuary ever existed till I appeared, or dissembling pirate, infant-separator, officer of law with tooth of steel to grind out prisoners' lives, or a remorseless mother, who for whining pours out babe and bath, or drunken alley-magistrates, worse than Caracella in his madness, who take both wallet and life. Weep and quail aghast, or swell with anger, if your husband's eye do not close in earth.

Anne. This as our prelude. (kissing him

Sapience. Never fail in woman's ailment while I plot.

Anne. Do you call love woman's ailment?

Sapience. I do, man as her happy physician.

Enter Fernando

Anne. Does the mouse scurry off?

Fernando. I do not know why Sapience chooses to leave whenever I appear. Thus briefly as I pass, master Brewen-

Anne. Dead?

Fernando. In his usual profligacy, my master offers himself colors of many brews, spilling most of them before they reach that bottomless pit: his throat: But a few minutes ago the drink was lapped away by your dog, because of which he never recovered.

Anne. Has he murdered my friend?

Fernando. The dog, truly yes. When last I saw your husband, he frisked at Old Square with the dog's ears on his hat.

Sapience. That's Brewen. I recognize him there.

Anne. Bring forth my chopped love.

Exit Fernando

Sapience. So casual a sinner is rarely seen.

Re-enter Fernando with a dead dog in a basket

Anne. O, he is worse than bruised. An animal

I know did this.

Sapience. Excellent tenderness for a wife, mourning before her dog's bier.

Anne. He will not live another day.

Fernando. Madam, I say the dog is dead.

Sapience. Reveal, unlucky messenger, the end of him,

How Biter lived, how most unhappily

The dog was not.

Anne. Say, while I whisper comfort to his corpse.

Fernando. No sooner did the happy-yelping hound incline to proffers of human friendship than swiftly he dragged sideways, to whine, as if a farmer's pitchfork had struck his sides. Then my shrill nuzzler into fitful roarings broke, enough to melt a horse's sinews to the ground. Your husband smiled at this, fortune blessing him so well that what was meant for man fell to beast, yet everyone present, except him, was sorry for that. Finally, in hideous convulsions the sapless mongrel flipped, almost a tennis-ball against the grimy walls, whose severity flowered at each passing hour, my tavern-knaves by then altogether tired of the sport, scarcely eyeing him, when, marrow-struck, bent in two as if some glass-blower breathed fire inside his belly, the puking sufferer amid green stuff expired, which with tossing of goblets and chicken bones on the floor was rarely noticed, till nostrils told the story.

Anne. I would not have had it otherwise.

Sapience. A good martial end, I think. This falls well. Reason dictates preservation from such husbands. My twelve-year-old son lent his hand at experiments on his cat with tweezer and knife, I hear, to study pain, the better to avoid it: so will your husband, I think.

Anne. I'll study each fly resting on his cadaver as astronomers do the constellations.

Sapience. I am no more a man if he is one tomorrow.

Fernando. The master may find time to repent this deed.

Anne. I hope not.

Sapience. Neither do I, if I expect to kiss in bed.

Fernando. Here I acknowledge you as my mistress' particular friend.

Sapience. Here is my query: were you not beside dissipation in full sway, consequently abetting every deed? How else did my lady's lap-friend meet with his end before Brewen's indifferent eye?

Fernando. My good and very noble friend, let no Cato's eye of censure reprove the humblest of your servants. What with holding my master's head, in danger of drowning in offals of his wassails, the great noise of gurgling gorges, less than human in the breach of decorum, enough to mangle the patience of sedate parsons, you are pleasant if you assume so much against my attendance as to lay claim in any fashion common to our citizenry that I, past any sense of obligation, hold murderous thoughts against my mistress' innocent companion.

Sapience. A juggling face I often see. Good trencher-sweeper-

Fernando. You misunderstand yourself when preening in front of my mistress, I often notice.

Anne. O, O, my large-nosed lubber, are you gone?

Sapience. Do I fly beyond my faculties, or else discern some horrible attempt at perpretations against man's life between you and her? Are you not his drudge as well as hers, his lick-spittle, his tavern-Ganymede sometimes, when unoccupied on a Sunday afternoon?

Fernando. Your gentlemanship quite mistakes my life and intentions, as well as his kind. Far too often- to my prejudice may it be spoken- I have so well captured to mind a steward's duty as rarely failing to lay hands on my master's hat whenever in danger of being bespattered in the mud and puddles of London streets.

Sapience. My duty to my mistress prevents me from expounding on these courtesies, in which your master, pulled by your hackney tendance, obviously indulges in, to the profit of companies more than womanly, to the defamation of his manhood.

Fernando. Dare you call me a whoremonger?

Sapience. Your officiality crouches below that, as the servant of those who tuck in the coin.

Anne. Quite gone?

Fernando. I know so well my duty that I seldom choose to receive wrongs as a truant's head some falling leaves while he whistles autumnal airs.

Sapience. Do you affect a bolder front than usual?

Anne. Friend, never be abused by the slave's insolence: my good servant as well as his master's.

Fernando. I everlastingly thank you, madam.

Sapience. I do not marvel he is defended when I see the slave truss up a certain lady's petticoat in her excursions at night.- Dare you frown on a gentleman?

Fernando. I know my duty better, I hope.

Sapience. All stirrup-cleaners should.

Fernando. I rarely strive higher, sir.

Sapience. Except when nosing between gentlewomen's legs.

Anne. Enough, pail-emptying sir.

Sapience. Where do you glean these pickpurse Apollos?

Fernando. I speak no oracle, yet gentlemen

I once knew neither speak nor hear when my

Sword passes through.

Anne. The idle winds pass by in silent grief!

Sapience. I first saw his sooty countenance near the Great Walk, hat in hand, bargaining his appleskins with my lady's monkey.

Anne. Hold, servant.

Fernando. I may at length be prevailed on.

Sapience. How the toad swells! Shrink, villain. (striking him

Fernando. Ha! You have struck my face.

Sapience. Egypt has more wonders than this.

Fernando. My face was struck, I think.

Sapience. A Spaniard's, too. What of that? Your trencher-honor's maimed, I find.

Fernando. I'll lead your gentlemanship by the hand if I find a cure.

Sapience. Secret varlet! If you do, I'll unbosom you, in faith.

Anne. I say, hold.

Fernando. Dogs have memories.

Exit Fernando

Anne. You have created a dangerous groom, when he was meant to be a gentle murderer, whom I entertain for lack of office in my sheets.

Sapience. I scorn danger and his sons before my love. Teach a hangman's apprentice to turn his face from offal, not I in front of danger. Before stomaching impertinence, I will unhinge a kingdom. A pedlar's suitor! A schizopherical love-match bears no worse a conflict than that between our brows.

Anne. Allay such heats in woman's cup.

Sapience. The only comfort when I'm up.

Anne. My avid bee, gathering pleasures from one flower to the next.

Exeunt Anne and Sapience

Act 2. Scene 3. The earl's palace

Enter the earl of Somerset and the two counsellors

Somerset. So, Wrington never saw me puke if I

Cannot defend myself against this gear.

Counsellor 1. So woe-begone?

Somerset. My mentor, dead, my wife accused of all!

Counsellor 2. My lord, worse still: yourself may sit accused,

If not of murdering, abetting of

The horrid murder.

Somerset. I know I will. Who will uphold me if I fall?

One place: the tower with its sweating wall.

Counsellor 1. Unthinking rages turn against ourselves.

Somerset. A maxim as I sink? Whose thought is that?

Counsellor 1. Did I not hear, within this room, I think,

Your lordship curse the meddling Overbury?

Counsellor 2. Were we but a short while ago incensed

To make our murderers particular

Prey of that angry wolf, the law, when now

You must defend yourself against that law

For your own life, together with a spouse

Whose guilt seems most assured to all, except

To blind fools when they drink?

Somerset. Ah, too rash Overbury, why were you

Against my marriage? Why stood you against

My wife, since childhood apt to wrong all wrongs

In triplicate, though she deprives herself

Thereby of more revenges?

Counsellor 1. A pitiable plight!

Counsellor 2. My very thought as I awoke today!

Say that your lordship is found guilty, grant

It is unluckily true, beg at once

For mercy. Otherwise, he may not help.

Somerset. Ah, ah, the king!

Exit Somerset

Counsellor 2. That struck him well! Against his teeth, I think.

Counsellor 1. His rise to prominence! Who saw it flash?

Counsellor 2. Does not Lord Somerset convince the king

To break up parliaments when Scottish lords

Are threatened by a loss of privilege?

Counsellor 1. From menial of the earl of Dunbar to

The treasury of Scotland in a bolt!

Counsellor 1. And half of England's, too. No warrior broke

His leg at tilting more auspiciously.

Counsellor 2. None, with a king as nurse.

Exeunt the two counsellors