text:
User talk:Fapril

 Hello Fapril, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --HappyCamper 04:25, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

question answered
Your question at colloquium is answered (i hope). :) --Gbaor 17:52, 22 April 2009 (UTC)

Cell Biology
Very impressive stuff and nice additions to the course. From the perspective of content development, IMO your first priority is to do as you've been doing and create more content. However, if you'd like to revise what you've written, perhaps the lessons you wrote could go in a section called "Cell Structure" interspersed with the lessons the rest of us wrote. That might make more sense and you could still mark your lessons on the main page based on the source they're from. As is, it looks like there are 2 courses here, the one you are writing and the one that was there already. My other suggestion is to run the text you type through spell check first. Just a few ideas, you don't have to take them if you don't want to. Is there anything in particular you would like to see here, or would like to get out of Wikiversity? --AFriedman 03:07, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

Reply to your email
Don't hesitate to edit other people's stuff if you feel you are improving on it. That is what Wikiversity is all about. You would change other people's work in a Wikipedia article if you had some nice new information, wouldn't you? Wikiversity is the same. One of its policies, in case you haven't seen it already, is Be bold! Good luck with the rest of your editing. --AFriedman 20:29, 23 April 2009 (UTC)

Thanks for adding the links to your iTunes lectures
 Hi! My name is WikiversityJack. I am a pumpkin and a Wikiversity mascot. My aunt told me that fun + learning = Wikiversity. Let me know if I can help you out.

title: User talk:Fapril


text:
User:JennaJohnson

=Analytical Writing=

Bio
I have been a photography student at The Art Institute of Seattle for 3 years now and will be graduating in March as the first bachelors graduate from photography. You can find my work at www.jennphotographic.com

Group Name
Homelessness in Seattle

Personal Essay
Being a photographer surely gives me a different view on advertising compared to the average Joe. Photography is responsible for most of these messages that we receive from advertising, from the sexy women selling cologne, to making McDonald's look like the best food in the world. During my time in the photography program here at AIS, I have been exposed to advertising as a teaching method. We are trained here at The Art Institute of Seattle to do exactly what the group is talking about, because advertising makes money, and good advertising makes more money. In the photography program we look at successful advertisements, such as the absolute vodka ads, or the mens' cologne ads, then find out what works, and try and use those techniques and create our own ads. I think that we have been desensitized as photographers to the affects of advertising. When I look at ads, I analyze the Photography, the technique and the style that the photographer has used to create an affective image. Being on the inside of the industry, I am able to look past the meaning because in my mind, I am creating art with a purpose, after I create those images, it is up to the graphic designers to decide what to do with them further. Advertising is everywhere, in everything. Not once each day can we go without being exposed to an advertisement telling us to buy something, or to go somewhere, or to change something. Food, department stores, drugs, recycling, shoes, jackets, vacations, schools, books, movies, video games and even carpeting, all of these things are ingrained in our minds, and 90% of the time photography is involved. If you can see the product, it influences your decisions more. Yes, some of these advertisements can advertise things that can be bad for you, but the photographers are responsible for making it look good to you. Its the designers and the people who create the advertising campaigns that convince you to go out and buy the product. I think that people these days do not even realize that they are being advertised to, and that is why it is so dangerous to use. People can be manipulated so easily this way because of the digital age through computers, tv and radio.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User:JennaJohnson


text:
How to use SPSS/Customising

 * Customizing SPSS

title: How to use SPSS/Customising


text:
Vancouver Flower Clock Project/Rough Hawkbit

Back to Vancouver Flower Clock Project

This is a Vancouver Flower Clock Project Journal Page for Species Leontodon hispidus, Common Names Rough Hawkbit.

General Info

 * Bloom Season

 * Habitat

Notebook
Share a poem, story, memory or anecdote about this plant. Include sketches, photographs and videos as well.

Log a Bloom Observation
To log a bloom observation, sign your name by typing "~". Please indicate if the time and date of observation are different from the time of signing. Be as detailed as possible in your description of the observation. Were the blooms open or closed? How long did you watch? Where were they situated? What were the weather conditions? Were there any surrounding plants, insects? What was your response?. Take a photograph, video or scan an image and upload it using Special:Upload.

 * 5:00am-6:00am

 * 6:00am-7:00am

 * 7:00am-8:00am

 * 8:00am-9:00am

 * 9:00am-10:00am

 * 10:00am-11:00am

 * 11:00am-12:00pm

 * 12:00pm-1:00pm

 * 1:00pm-2:00pm

 * 2:00pm-3:00pm

 * 3:00pm-4:00pm

 * 4:00pm-5:00pm

 * 5:00pm-6:00pm

 * 7:00pm-8:00pm

 * 8:00pm-9:00pm

 * 9:00pm-10:00pm

 * 10:00pm-11:00pm

 * 11:00pm-12:00pm

 * 12:00pm-1:00am

 * 1:00am-2:00am

 * 3:00am-4:00am

 * 4:00am-5:00am


text:
Why humans are sometimes sexually attracted to foreigners or others from outside their community

In England there is a traditional song, All the Nice Girls Love a Sailor, here a lady sings All the Nice Girls Love a Sailor. We all know what sailors are but what is that indefinable something about a sailor that women can recognise? Sometimes girls and women form casual relationships with sailors but relationships with outsiders can be long term. A nice girl sometimes marries a sailor or other outsider. Men can be attracted to outsiders as well, an example is when a sailor falls in love with a girl at every port he visits.

Favourable mutations, ie mutations that help humans to survive and reproduce happen throughout the world, in all ethnic groups and in all communities. Favourable mutations take time to spread throughout humanity. When humans form sexual partnerships with others from a different community there is a chance that the outsider will give their child favourable genes that have not reached their community yet. An outsider with favourable genes that have not reached a girl or woman’s community may be from another racial group or from another country, he may alternatively be from another part of her country or from a different village on the far side of a hill.

Genetics cuts both ways. The sailor may have favourable genes that are not in the girl’s community. It’s just as likely that he has unfavourable genes that never were in her community or have been eliminated in her community. To explain why forming relationships with outsiders can improve reproductive fitness we need to take Natural selection into account as well.
 * Some children from mixed partnerships will have unfavourable genes from one or both parents and such children will tend to die. When they die the problem is eliminated.
 * Children from mixed partnerships can just as easily have favourable genes from either or both parents. In that case the fortunate children will tend to survive as will their children, the grandchildren of the original couple, the great-grandchildren will also tend to survive and indeed the descendants of the original mixed couple will tend to survive till all favourable genes that have been introduced have reached equilibrium in the community.

Evolution and Racism
Evolutionary theory does not lead to racism when correctly studied. As shown above the theory of natural selection provides a strong case for encouraging racial and other mixing. For more about evolution, creationism and racism see :- Evolution and racism


text:
User:Johnschlicht

Memorization
<>

title: User:Johnschlicht


text:
User talk:Itsam

 Hello Itsam, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 19:17, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Woof! My name is Jack(Russell). I am a dog and a Wikiversity mascot. I am pretty new around Wikiversity. Perhaps we can learn together! Tail wag...

deletion
Your page was nominated for deletion. Please express your views on this here. --Gbaor 19:17, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Itsam


text:
User:Heatherroszell

Always Wanted To Schedule

 * Topic - Pearl Harbor

 * Research Component -

 * week 1 - Finding my topic. World War II.

 * week 2 - Narrowed down to Pearl Harbor.

 * week 3 - Did extensive library research.

 * week 4 - Reviewed and organized all library information.

 * week 5 - Internet research, including pictures.

 * week 6 - Powerpoint

 * week 7 - Powerpoint

 * week 8 - Finish Powerpoint

Why Do I Like What I Like?
http://criticalmas.smugmug.com/photos/332588017_r6nUK-S.jpg

This specific piece of art work rather bored me. I didn’t find it remotely interesting. I don’t know what it was about it; if it was the colors, or the texture or even the shape, I do not know. I just took no interest in it. I found it annoying.

Over the weekend I tried to think of reasons to like it. Because it was someone’s heart and soul, someone’s hard work, or someone’s times and energy. But no matter what reason I thought of, I couldn’t think of any reason to like it. I tried to like it because it was just there, but even that didn’t work. I could not manipulate myself into like this piece of art work. I just found it hideous and never to be liked by me.

title: User:Heatherroszell


text:
User talk:Johnschlicht

 Hello Johnschlicht, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 19:28, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Hello , we are the Baah and Bahh twins and we'd both like to welcome you to Wikiversity. While you sit back and explore Wikiversity, enjoy some of our fresh goat milk. You can help us learn by creating new learning resources or help us by improving the guided tours and other exploration tools. We look forward to seeing you around. Baaaahbye for now.

title: User talk:Johnschlicht


text:
User talk:JennaJohnson

Hello Former Student!

I'm writing to you because you took a class from me in the past few years at the Art Institute. As of Spring, 2010, I'll not be teaching further classes at AIS for the foreseeable future. (We're parting ways on good terms!) Until now, you've been able to reach my Wikiversity educational resources from my website, but I've decided to delete that link. You can still reach all of those materials here.

If you're interested in what I'm up to in the future (which will include an album in 2010 and a novel in 2011) you can friend my facebook page or drop me an email at info@stevenarntson.info and you'll receive a periodic update about performances, classes, and publications.

If you know any current or former students of mine who might be interested in any of this, please forward this information if you have a moment.

I hope all is well for you.
 * Best! Stevenarntson

 Hello JennaJohnson, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 19:33, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Hi , I am Percy. Nice to meet you. I love the beach, swimming, fishing, and I am currently doing some research at Wikiversity on oceanography. I am also learning to play piano. What do you like? Can I be your mascot?

Personal Essay
Good start here--for the purpose of this paper,don't respond directly to the group's topic: your work here is just to enlarge upon your own opinions, with no other springboard than your own experiences.

I think the question of the role of designers and marketers is important, and I like that it is included here, but it does seem like the paper passes the buck a little too much right now. Taking a beautiful, tasty-looking picture of a gross McDonald's breakfast seems, from some angles, just as manipulative as any of the other messaging issues discussed here. Especially as a photographer, it seems like the paper would benefit from further criticism of this aspect of selling.

Best, Stevenarntson

title: User talk:JennaJohnson


text:
User talk:Heatherroszell

Hello Former Student!

I'm writing to you because you took a class from me in the past few years at the Art Institute. As of Spring, 2010, I'll not be teaching further classes at AIS for the foreseeable future. (We're parting ways on good terms!) Until now, you've been able to reach my Wikiversity educational resources from my website, but I've decided to delete that link. You can still reach all of those materials here.

If you're interested in what I'm up to in the future (which will include an album in 2010 and a novel in 2011) you can friend my facebook page or drop me an email at info@stevenarntson.info and you'll receive a periodic update about performances, classes, and publications.

If you know any current or former students of mine who might be interested in any of this, please forward this information if you have a moment.

I hope all is well for you.
 * Best! Stevenarntson

 Hello Heatherroszell, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 19:34, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Hi , I am Percy. Nice to meet you. I love the beach, swimming, fishing, and I am currently doing some research at Wikiversity on oceanography. I am also learning to play piano. What do you like? Can I be your mascot?

title: User talk:Heatherroszell


text:
User talk:Aescala3

 Hello Aescala3, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 19:50, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Hi , I am Percy. Nice to meet you. I love the beach, swimming, fishing, and I am currently doing some research at Wikiversity on oceanography. I am also learning to play piano. What do you like? Can I be your mascot?

correction
Hi! I have reverted your edits at Electric Circuit Analysis becouse the page was broken into several parts. Please use preview before you save a page. I also redone the the good edit you made there. If I missed something, please tell me or just retype it again. Keep on the good work of improving WV. Thank you for that! And again, be welcomed among us :) --Gbaor 19:50, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aescala3


text:
User talk:Drakoolea

 Hello Drakoolea, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 19:50, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Woof! My name is Jack(Russell). I am a dog and a Wikiversity mascot. I am pretty new around Wikiversity. Perhaps we can learn together! Tail wag...

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Drakoolea. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Drakoolea~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:31, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Drakoolea


text:
User talk:Andrewjohnsen

Hello Former Student!

I'm writing to you because you took a class from me in the past few years at the Art Institute. As of Spring, 2010, I'll not be teaching further classes at AIS for the foreseeable future. (We're parting ways on good terms!) Until now, you've been able to reach my Wikiversity educational resources from my website, but I've decided to delete that link. You can still reach all of those materials here.

If you're interested in what I'm up to in the future (which will include an album in 2010 and a novel in 2011) you can friend my facebook page or drop me an email at info@stevenarntson.info and you'll receive a periodic update about performances, classes, and publications.

If you know any current or former students of mine who might be interested in any of this, please forward this information if you have a moment.

I hope all is well for you.
 * Best! Stevenarntson

 Hello Andrewjohnsen, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 19:50, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Woof! My name is Jack(Russell). I am a dog and a Wikiversity mascot. I am pretty new around Wikiversity. Perhaps we can learn together! Tail wag...

title: User talk:Andrewjohnsen


text:
User talk:MarieTietje

Hello Former Student!

I'm writing to you because you took a class from me in the past few years at the Art Institute. As of Spring, 2010, I'll not be teaching further classes at AIS for the foreseeable future. (We're parting ways on good terms!) Until now, you've been able to reach my Wikiversity educational resources from my website, but I've decided to delete that link. You can still reach all of those materials here.

If you're interested in what I'm up to in the future (which will include an album in 2010 and a novel in 2011) you can friend my facebook page or drop me an email at info@stevenarntson.info and you'll receive a periodic update about performances, classes, and publications.

If you know any current or former students of mine who might be interested in any of this, please forward this information if you have a moment.

I hope all is well for you.
 * Best! Stevenarntson

 Hello MarieTietje, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 19:50, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Hi! Our name is Vicky-Verity. We are twins and are Wikiversity mascots. We think Wikiversity is a great place to learn and make friends (when we aren't sleeping). Leave us a message!

title: User talk:MarieTietje


text: User:Achehovi

title: User:Achehovi


text:
User talk:Achehovi

 Hello Achehovi, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 20:56, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Hi! My name is WikiversityJack. I am a pumpkin and a Wikiversity mascot. My aunt told me that fun + learning = Wikiversity. Let me know if I can help you out.

title: User talk:Achehovi


text:
User talk:Pravi~enwikiversity

 Hello Pravi, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 20:56, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Hi , I am Percy. Nice to meet you. I love the beach, swimming, fishing, and I am currently doing some research at Wikiversity on oceanography. I am also learning to play piano. What do you like? Can I be your mascot?

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Pravi. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Pravi~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:47, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:18, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Pravi~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Otourly

 Hello Otourly, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.

And don't forget to explore Wikiversity with the links to your left. Be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage, and see you around Wikiversity! --Gbaor 20:56, 21 April 2009 (UTC)

 Hi , I am Percy. Nice to meet you. I love the beach, swimming, fishing, and I am currently doing some research at Wikiversity on oceanography. I am also learning to play piano. What do you like? Can I be your mascot?

title: User talk:Otourly


text:
User:Egm6322.s09.bit.la.hw7

=Summary : Differences Between conics and PDE's=

Transformation of Coordinates

$$\begin{Bmatrix}\bar{x}\\ \bar{y}\end{Bmatrix} = \mathbf{J} \begin{Bmatrix}x\\ y\end{Bmatrix},\begin{Bmatrix}x\\ y\end{Bmatrix}=J^{-1} \begin{Bmatrix}\bar{x}\\ \bar{y}\end{Bmatrix}$$

Conics : $$\mathbf{\bar{A}}=\mathbf{J}^{-T}\mathbf{A}\mathbf{J}^{-1}$$

PDE's : $$\mathbf{\bar{A}}=\mathbf{J}\mathbf{A}\mathbf{J}^{T}$$

Invariance:

For Conics : $$det\mathbf{\bar{A}}=(det\mathbf{A})(\frac{1}{det\mathbf{J}})^2$$

For PDE's: $$det\mathbf{\bar{A}}=(det\mathbf{A})(det\mathbf{J})^2$$

Conics - $$\mathbf{A}=V\mathbf{\Lambda}V^T $$ Eigenvalue problem : Rotation

And the transformation of coordinates in this case is:

$$\begin{Bmatrix}\bar{x}\\ \bar{y}\end{Bmatrix} = \mathbf{V}^T$$

where:

$$=\mathbf{J_\alpha }\mathbf{V}^{-1}=\mathbf{V}^T$$

$$\mathbf{\bar{A}}=\mathbf{\Lambda }=\mathbf{V^T}A\mathbf{V}$$

where:

$$\mathbf{V}=\mathbf{J_\alpha }^T=\mathbf{J_\alpha }^{-1}$$

And Translating $$\mathbf{J_\alpha }^{-T}=\mathbf{J_\alpha }$$

$$\bar{\bar{x}}=\bar{x}-r$$

$$\bar{\bar{y}}=\bar{y}-s$$

After that Scaling:

$$\xi =\bar{\bar{x}}/dx$$

$$\eta=\bar{\bar{y}}/dy$$

where:

$$dx=\sqrt{\left |\lambda _1 \right |}$$

$$dy=\sqrt{\left |\lambda _2 \right |}$$

Applying the Form 1 - Assuming hyperbola

$$\xi^2-\eta ^2=\pm 1$$

First Step:

$$\begin{Bmatrix}\bar{\xi} \\ \bar{\eta}\end{Bmatrix}=\mathbf{J}_\gamma \begin{Bmatrix}\xi \\ \eta\end{Bmatrix}$$

$$\begin{Bmatrix}\xi \\ \eta\end{Bmatrix}=\mathbf{J}_\gamma^{-1} \begin{Bmatrix}\bar{\xi} \\ \bar{\eta}\end{Bmatrix}$$

Second Step:

$$\mathbf{\bar{B}}=\mathbf{J}_\gamma^{-T}\mathbf{B}\mathbf{J}_\gamma^{-1}$$

where: $$\mathbf{B}=\begin{bmatrix} 1 &0 \\ 0 &-1 \end{bmatrix}$$

This is a rotation in hyperbola cases

Going to Form 2 (Canonical Form):

$$\pm \bar{\xi} \bar{\eta}=1$$

Scaling again as the same processes described above:

$$\begin{Bmatrix}\xi \\ \eta\end{Bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}1/dx &0 \\ 0 &1/dy \end{bmatrix}\begin{Bmatrix}\bar{\bar{x}} \\ \bar{\bar{y}}\end{Bmatrix}$$

For the 2nd order linear PDE's:

General Transformation of Coordinates:

$$\mathbf{\bar{A}}=\mathbf{J}_\alpha\mathbf{A}\mathbf{J}_\alpha^{T}$$

$$\begin{Bmatrix}\partial x \\ \partial y\end{Bmatrix}=\mathbf{J}_\alpha^{T} \begin{Bmatrix}\bar{\partial x} \\ \bar{\partial y}\end{Bmatrix}$$

Particularize to Eigenvalue problem:

$$\mathbf{\bar{A}}=\mathbf{\Lambda }=\mathbf{V^T}A\mathbf{V}$$

Again where: $$\mathbf{V}=\mathbf{J_\alpha }^{T}$$

$$\lambda _1u_{\bar{x}\bar{x}}+\lambda _2u_{\bar{y}\bar{y}}=h(\bar{x},\bar{y},u,u_{\bar{x}},u_{\bar{y}})$$

where :

$$\lambda _1=\lambda _x;\lambda _2=\lambda _y$$

Assuming a hyperbolic PDE's:

$$\lambda _1>0;\lambda _2<0$$

$$\begin{Bmatrix}\xi \\ \eta\end{Bmatrix}=\begin{bmatrix}1/\sqrt{\left |\lambda _1 \right |} &0 \\ 0 &1/\sqrt{\left |\lambda _2  \right |} \end{bmatrix}\begin{Bmatrix}\bar{x} \\ \bar{y}\end{Bmatrix}$$

Where:

$$\mathbf{J}_\beta =\begin{bmatrix}1/\sqrt{\left |\lambda _1 \right |} &0 \\ 0 &1/\sqrt{\left |\lambda _2  \right |} \end{bmatrix}$$

And Scaling:

$$u_{\xi \xi }-u_{\eta \eta}=h$$ Form 1

Find: $$\begin{Bmatrix}\bar{\xi} \\ \bar{\eta}\end{Bmatrix}=\mathbf{J_\gamma }\begin{Bmatrix}\xi \\ \eta\end{Bmatrix}$$

This transformation was inspired from the conics form

Continuing:

$$\mathbf{\bar{B}}=\mathbf{J}_\gamma\mathbf{B}\mathbf{J}_\gamma^{T}$$

and

$$u_{\bar{\xi}\bar{\eta}}=h $$

new
Find

$$u_{\xi \xi }+u_{\eta \eta }=g(\xi ,\eta ,u,u_{\xi },u_{ \eta })$$

Using the PDE notation: $$\lambda_1u_{xx}+\lambda_2u_{yy}=g$$

Where the Jacobian = $$J_B=\begin{bmatrix} \frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda_1}} & 0 \\ 0 & \frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda_2}}\end{bmatrix}$$

The Jacobian is an orthogonal matrix and then:

$$\left \lfloor \partial_{\xi} \partial_{\eta} \right \rfloor J_B \begin{bmatrix} u \lambda_1 & 0 \\  0 & u \lambda_2\end{bmatrix} J_B\begin{bmatrix} \partial_{\xi} \\ \partial_{\eta}\end{bmatrix}=g $$

substituting in the equation above:

$$ \left \lfloor \partial_{\xi} \partial_{\eta} \right \rfloor \begin{bmatrix} \frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda_1}} & 0 \\ 0 & \frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda_2}}\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} u \lambda_1 & 0 \\  0 & u \lambda_2\end{bmatrix} \begin{bmatrix} \frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda_1}} & 0 \\ 0 & \frac {1}{\sqrt {\lambda_2}}\end{bmatrix}\begin{bmatrix} \partial_{\xi} \\ \partial_{\eta}\end{bmatrix}=g$$

Solving it we find the expected result:

$$u_{\xi \xi }+u_{\eta \eta }=g$$

title: User:Egm6322.s09.bit.la.hw7


text:
User:Chelseapurcella

Group Name
Group 5

Self Assessment
In this class, I learned how to write a cohesive paper with 4 other people. We divided up our topic in different regions for each member to research. I know that within myself, I have to learn to not be so controlling. I am really serious about my grades and the fact that I had to rely on 4 other people was really uncomfortable. I know that I pretty much ended up being the group leader; writing outlines, dividing the work, making up weekly game plans, etc. While I did take it upon myself to do all this I still felt like I got the short end of the stick because if anyone slacked on a particular part I would either have to do it myself or pester the other person to actually do it.

I think what I did well was take the initiative to make our group as organized as possible. But this quarter was especially hard because not only was I taking 5 classes but one of them was portfolio which involves so much outside work. Because of this, I wasn't always on time with deadlines either but I always met the set-in-stone due dates that really effected our group grades.

With taking this class, I feel more prepared to work in groups where people do slack off because I know I have the right to speak up and call them out on where they are doing something that isn't just effecting them, but the other group members. In the fashion industry we already have to work in groups designing lines so I think that while this class was a Gen Ed it was still relevant to my field.

The way I contributed to other students' experiences was by editing their papers. I feel like a lot of people didn't do any editing during the workshops, for example our group only got back 3 papers that even had comments written on them. When I was editing papers I made a point to be really harsh because no one else was really giving any feedback at all.

title: User:Chelseapurcella


text:
Artificial Consciousness/Neural Correlates/Neural Models/Weightless Neuron

Weightless Neurons
A further abstraction of the Hopfield Neuron which created a neuron that had an output of 0 or 1, is the weightless neuron, which does away with the complexity of weights, and directly derives its output from the outputs of the previous layer of neurons. Because the model is simpler a much larger network of neurons can be implemented and the simulation will run faster. Dr. Aleksander at Imperial University works with a system called MAGNUS that simulates these weightless neurons.

The output of a Weightless Neuron is either 1 or firing, 0 or not firing or X, unknown which may fire or not despite the state of it's inputs. All neurons start in the unknown state and learn from their inputs whether or not to fire. Dr. Aleksander has been able to show that this system is capable of learning to represent the environment at a third person viewpoint level.

Because this model is so far abstracted from the real neurons, there has been some discussion about Dr. Aleksanders conceptualization of the neuron as a state machine. However there is evidence that even weighted neurons have states, even if they present their outputs as a real number output. Each synapse is either active, or inactive depending on the presence of its neurotransmitter signal, which qualifies as a state. It is how these states are interpreted that makes the weightless neuron so simple, and the weighted neuron so complex, and therefore confuses the output of the state machine in the case of weighted neurons.

It is important to realize however that things like synaptic connections and weights, while complicating the neuron also give us clues as to how it works, and so Dr. Aleksanders ability to get his model to represent 3rd person viewpoints using Iconic Learning does not necessarily mean that the brain uses iconic learning to achieve the same goal. However Dr. Aleksanders ability to get a neural network to represent the world in a clear fashion, indicates that there is a chance that neural networks with more complex models might be able to do the same.


text:
User:Alex Edelsward

Bio
not really my bio, but i remembered this video from a long time ago and it reminded me of this class and writing with limitations.

http://vimeo.com/1535016?pg

Response
To John:

Good job on the Paul Bunyan piece, it was always one of my favorite stories. it was easy to read, even though you typed it through the accent. The style really shows in this writing, even though you didn't explain the character who was talking at all before you started. I immediately had the old miner/logger voice right from the start playing through my head, that is a hard thing to pull off because it can be a burden if it is overdone, like in My Jim for instance, the accents were strong and limited the reading to a tougher and slower read. I would have like My Jim if the author had tweaked the language to make it an easier read. it probably also helped that you had punctuation while she didn't, i could actually tell when people were talking in your piece.

as for the story, it is nice to have an actual person be recognized as Paul Bunyan, in the books he is always the size of a mountain, which is not realistic. i always wondered about why he was that big and found it saddening as a child since he was portrayed as an American hero that pretty much his only defining attribute was his size and that was impossible for me to recreate. Hearing a story where he is actually a real human is a nice change of pace. if kids were told this story i doubt he would be as interesting though, now he is just a really tall but nice lumberjack, where is the excitement in that. now that i think about it, Paul Bunyan comes off as a real bad character. i have no way to relate to him since most of the nice things he does is just because of his size, sure i could save a guy who was trapped in a landslide 10 miles away if all i had to do was take 4 steps and pickup a handful of dirt, but i cant. he is rewarded for his freakish size, which i guess can be a good moral, but he should be rewarded for his good deeds, he should actually work for his good deeds though. a good deed isn't really a good deed if you don't have to go out of your way to do it. its helpful but not commendable.

Style
This is a poem that i wrote in the same style as the book Runny Babbit, by Shel Silverstein. It's the same book i'm doing my memorization from, and it inspired me to write my own.

Runny found a flower,

a pretty flower it was.

when he sment over to bell it,

all he beard was huzz.

the flower broceeded to pite him,

right on the nip of the tose.

Runny's sace then started to fwell,

from his tead down to his hoes.

Now when Runny fee's a slower,

he joesn't dust jump in,

he always checks for fugs birst,

because if not you wever nin.

Other Media
http://alex-edelsward.deviantart.com/art/Spiderman-and-Batman-126226605

this is a drawing i did of Batman and Spiderman, i know it isn't from the in class reading and most people draw them all the time, but this is actually the first time I've drawn either. I started drawing Jim and decided it was boring, so i made these instead. I used a program called Alchemy which is meant for sketching and getting ideas across. it has no undo and uses the idea of chaos to add some cool features. it often feels like you have little control and with no undo you make lots of mistakes, hopefully they are happy mistakes, but it forces you to get over them. it is a fun program.

http://al.chemy.org/

That's the site for the program if you're interested.

Analysis
Shakespeare's Sonnet XX - 1. A woman's face with Nature's own hand painted

2. Hast thou, the master-mistress of my passion;

3. A woman's gentle heart, but not acquainted

4. With shifting change, as is false women's fashion;

5. A woman's gentle heart, but not acquainted

6. Gilding the object whereupon it gazeth;

7. A man in hue, all 'hues' in his controlling,

8. Much steals men's eyes and women's souls amazeth.

9. And for a woman wert thou first created;

10. Till Nature, as she wrought thee, fell a-doting,

11. And by addition me of thee defeated,

12. By adding one thing to my purpose nothing.

13. But since she prick'd thee out for women's pleasure,

14. Mine be thy love and thy love's use their treasure.

---

When I first read this I couldn't tell what it was about, and was very confused. After reading it over a few times, from what I gathered, it was about the poet talking in first person about how he loves a beautiful woman. I thought the line, "A woman's gentle heart, but not acquainted", was talking about her being kind-hearted and single, which would have been perfect for the poet. This is where i started getting confused, i figured line 6 was just something sexual that i didn't really look into to much. Line 7 was the one that really threw me, and it is the first talk of a man, "A man in hue, all 'hues' in his controlling,". to speak of one man while talking about a women and how sexy and single she is, i could only think of one person it could be, God. With the backup of "all 'hues' in his controlling," who else could it be. But it didn't make much sense after that, from what i had up till there i figured God had come down to break apart the relationship which was soon to be between the women and the poet.

words i looked up:

Gilded - to give an attractive but often deceptive appearance to

Doting - to show excessive fondness or love

Little did i know, i had read the poem completely backwards right from the start. I never thought that talking about a woman's naturally beautiful face could mean that it was a guy who looked like a women. After switching perspective in the first line the rest of the poem came together. The second line, "Hast thou, the master-mistress of my passion;", is a confusing one since the two sources i had on this poem wrote it differently. The copy we got in class said "master mistress" and the one i found online had it hyphenated. When i see it as one word, i think of it as a master or mistress, instead of the mistress being the master. Thinking of it this new way really helps identify that it is about a man, but i do not know which way is correct, according to Shakespeare. Reading this further down where i got lost before starts to make sense now since i know it is about a man. in line 8 the poet speaks of how beautiful this man is, men and women alike will stare in amazement at his beauty. After that it talks about how this man was originaly going to be born as a women, "And for a woman wert thou first created; Till Nature, as she wrought thee, fell a-doting,And by addition me of thee defeated,", but nature changed its mind and added one last thing on before finishing, and by doing this it has defeated all of the poets dreams. In the last two lines the poet starts of with a "but" meaning he has changed his mind from what he has been talking, he says that since nature gave him the body of a man, women should use it and be pleasured. Women can have the body, but i will take the love, is what i got from the last lines.

So going from thinking its about a woman's and man's love being torn apart by god, to a man in love with another beautiful man but cannot be with him because he has manly parts, it was quite a journey. I learned a lot about how to decipher old English poetry, this was really helpful for getting better at poetry and kind of fun, but I think I'll still stick to puzzles.

Ekphrastic
I wrote this when we went to the Olympic Sculpture Park to get ideas from the sculptures. This is on the fully metal tree by the road, the plaque said something about nature being overthrown and changed by man. so I wrote this story.

---

Evolution is dead. After the population explosion in the end of the 20th century and all through the 21st, the reign of man has come to and end. Human kind's inhibition to create a better, easier, and longer life has ultimately been its downfall. Humans, along with all other animals, had survived for thousands of years living off the land and using only what they had to. After engines, computers, and artificial intelligence were created the human species had become a monster, trying to find new ways to put themselves on top, even if it meant pushing the rest of the world down.

I write to you now as a survivor, an outlier on the dropping graph that is the human population. From the tens of billions of humans there used to be, we are estimated to be down into the hundred thousands, huddled up in colonies and ghettos in the underbelly of City. Pangea is where we all live, it is our home, and hell. with the expansion of the populations major cities grew and grew until they eventually just connected. Almost all of the land mass of the world is covered with city scape even parts of the ocean are encased with raised buildings on giant pillars and sky ways connecting it all. Almost all natural plant life is extinct, we have indoor safe zones where we grow plants and keep them alive artificially. Most plants and animals still alive on Earth are bred in captivity and harvested for food and byproducts.

With no more room to expand outwards Pangea was forced to build up, burying the old cities underneath, building a new ground and starting over for the richer people who needed more space. the multiple levels of Pangea became a hierarchy of not only wealth but power and pride. In the lower levels gangs formed from the rivalries, everyone wanted to be on top. The bottom fought for it, the middle tried to work for it, and the rich on top just had to make sure to keep the others from moving up, by any means necessary. You would hear stories about how major players in the upper levels would purposely start rumors and fights between the bottom tiers because while they were fighting they were leaving the top alone, but those telling the stories were soon shut up and the news just died away, just like the people.

Pangea eventually turned to anarchism and committed political and social suicide. with no order nobody could survive and it wasn't long before the inevitable happened. Nature finally caught up with mankind's technological evolution and put a stop to its reign, an epidemic hit. It started in Zone 32 in eastern Pangea and spread through the entire city in mere days. It killed almost everyone who got it. we called it Viridis Nex, or just Nex for short. Few people were immune and even fewer could survive on their own even if it didn't kill them. It did manage to bring most humans down to a animalistic level where we cast away our differences and ganged together for survival.

Style II
This was is a story i wrote in which i took on the classic "Fairy Tale" style, it doesn't follow a specific author or book but the whole genre in general. Although i love this style and have lots of fun with it, i took a darker twist to it just to mix it up. It doesn't have a "happily ever after" ending, and i like that.

-

Jack was hungry, he hadn't been able to find food this morning and had had hardly anything the day before. It had been very dry this season and with no ponds it meant it was a lot harder to find food. Jack's mother had always told him to stay still and sit on a lily pad like he was supposed to, but sitting still and croaking all day was boring. Jack made a wish every night that he would wake up and be someone different, maybe a bird so he could soar through the sky, or a cheetah so he could run as fast as he wanted. If he was a different animal he wouldn't have to sit on this lily pad and croak all day, waiting for food and the life he dreamed of that would never come.

The sun was high in the sky and warmed the ground. Jack's mother hopped through the bushes behind him and told him of the news that all the community had been speaking of. Earlier that morning a strange traveler had entered their neighborhood and had asked for water but they could not spare any because of the drought. Curious of this new traveler Jack went to investigate who he was. When Jack got to where the thirsty adventurer was sitting he was surprised to find it was an old women, although it was some kind of animal he had never seen before. She wasn't much larger than jack but she was wrapped in a long clock that hid most of her body and face. Jack wanted to learn more about her and were she came from but she was to thirsty to talk much. Jack gave her a small amount of his portion of water and learned she was a Gypsy who could use magic to see the future and cast spells, but she was too weak to do so. As soon as he found out about her magic skills the first thing that popped into Jacks head was his dream of becoming a mighty animal that was not as weak and useless as this tiny frog body.

Jack made a deal with the Gypsy that if he gave her his portion of water to save her life she would use her magic to turn him into his dream creature that could finally do everything he wanted. Jack figured that once he was a better creature he could easily find water. Using his eagle eyes to see it from the sky and mighty strength get lots of water not only for himself but also for his whole community and he would finally be recognized as the hero he knows he can be. It took two days for the Gypsy to gain her strength back enough to be able to cast the spell needed to change Jack, the whole time Jack working day and night to take care of her tending to to her every whim and need. Jack was exhausted and very thirsty, he had been drinking very little water the last two days as most of it was to help the Gypsy get better.

Finally the day came when the spell was to be cast. Not wanting the people who cared about him to be worried they went far away from his home. Finding a nice clearing they settled down and the Gypsy got out the materials to cast the spell. Jack was bouncing with excitement on the side, his dream was finally going to come true. The Gypsy drew a strange design in the dirt and told Jack to sit in the middle of it. She then asked him to explain exactly what he wanted, to the very last detail. Eager to get started he told her he wanted the wings and eyes of an eagle so he could fly high in the sky and see the world below him. He told her he wanted the legs of a cheetah so he could sprint across the plains with ease. He spoke of the mighty strength he would have, the strength of an elephant. And last, the gills of a fish so he could swim and make friends in the ocean too. She asked him if he was sure and when he said yes the Gypsy chanted the magic words and cast a mighty spell the enveloped the circle she drew on the ground. A purple tornado was spinning around Jack and his body was tingling as it began to change. When the magic wind died down around him he was a lot higher off the ground. A huge mighty body that towered over the Gypsy's. He tried to speak but only a wisping sound came out, it was hard to breath, with a straight face the Gypsy held up a mirror and Jack looked at his new body for the first time. He was in awe. He had the fat torso of an elephant, the weak legs of a cheetah. Small wings that could never pick up his large body, and gills on the side of his neck that were competing with his lungs making it hard to breath. The Gypsy told him his wish had been granted and thanked him for the water, then turned her back and walked away.

Jack started to cry, loudly and with no shame, what had he done. He dragged himself with much difficulty back to his home. His mother and friends would know what to do. But when he get there they took one look at him and ran. He was a freak and was truly useless, his dream had become a nightmare. Now that he was this insane hybrid animal he would give anything to be turned back to the boring frog he was before.

He stayed on the outskirts of his old home and watched as the happy animals played with each other. If only he hadn't been so greedy and had just been happy with what he had none of this would have happened. Nobody would talk to Jack and considered him a monster so he couldn't even explain who he was. A few days later he observed his own funeral. His mother and friends had thought him dead and given him a proper burial. That night jack dragged himself into town and stole a sheet hanging outside the house of an elephant, his old neighbor. He wrapped it around himself and covered his whole body except his beedy little unproportioned eyes. Jack then sets out on a new chapter in his life, he has to become a nomad. No name, no home, nothing to live for.

Memorization
2 pages from the book Runny Babbit: A Billy Sook by Shel Silverstein

intro:

Way down in the green woods

Where the animals all play,

They do things and they say things

In a different sort of way--

Instead of satin' "purple hat,"

They all say "Hurple Pat."

Instead of sayin' "feed the cat,"

They just say "ceed the fat."

So if you say, "Let's bead a rook

That's billy as can se,"

You're talkin' Runny Babbit talk,

Just like mim and he.

pg1

The Kungle Jing:

"Oh i am the jing of the kungle,"

Runny roared at one and all

When he wore his cion's lostume

To the Walloheen Bostume call.

But there he met a leal rion

Who said, "you'd best cake tare,

And do not start believin'

You're the costume that you wear."

pg55

Self Assessment
This has been a good quarter for me because i got a lot of fun classes, this definitely being one of them. But Literature wasn't just fun, because i learned a lot in this class. I found it a lot easier to learn and be interested in the topics we were discussing and learning about because i wasn't forced to do anything, it's a nice change to just have a relaxing class where we can talk and actually want to learn instead of being forced to. There were very few times in this class that i really thought i better do this, my grade depends on it, which is a good thing, at least every once in a while. As far as information i learned in this class, i would say some of the most important things were about the slaves in My Jim. That book really turned my thinking on the whole time of slavery, i always thought at the end of the civil war when slaves were freed they all just left and were happy, turns out that is wrong. i would have liked to do a few things better, one of which is reading My Jim again, we spent a few weeks on it and i read it through, but it was so confusingly written, reading it again would have really helped me grasp it.

I feel pretty prepared to continue my studies in literature, i learned some things about analyzing that i think can help me in the future. if we had another lit class i would definitely take it, but since we don't i will be reading and maybe looking online for other peoples interpretations and such of books that i read. I don't know exactly how much i contributed to the experiences of other, but i talked during discussions and hopefully brought up some points that made people think or at least that they hadn't considered. I hope i added to peoples experiences though, otherwise this whole class structure would have been a failure since it was a very group oriented discussion class, and i don't think it was.

I'd just like to say again, i really enjoyed this class and wish it could have gone on longer. Thanks for teaching it Arntson, i had a lot of fun and learned a lot.

title: User:Alex Edelsward


text:
User talk:Stevenarntson/group spaces/2009springanalytical/group 2

 * Group 2,
 * This is looking good, and right now I like where it stands, except that I'd still like to see your source list at the end, formatted in MLA or footnotes style. Look at some of the other groups' pages (group 1 is a good example) to see how they're doing it. Make sure your readers know where your information is coming from at all times. Beyond that, start sifting through and looking for proofing errors in all the sections.
 * Best, Stevenarntson

Stuff To Do

 * 1) Get citations throughout via MLA of footnotes
 * 2) Solutions section
 * 3) week 10 - self assessment
 * 4) TMI

 * Hi, Group 2,
 * You'll be workshopping on week 6.
 * Best, Stevenarntson

Samantha’s Notes - Week 3

Some Types of Body Modifications:

 * Tattoos
 * Piercings
 * Transdermal/Subdermal Implants
 * Branding/Scarification
 * Suspension
 * Tightlacing
 * Bifurcation

Some Clarifications (I assume you know what most of these actually are, but some might not be familiar to everyone so I wanted to make some easy definitions):

 * Transdermal/Subdermal implants are used both medically and aesthetically. Transdermals are an object below and above the skin. In aesthetic cases, normally it’s a base object which goes under the skin, and a hole in the skin above it so the top part of the implant can be connected to the base and therefore the entire piece looks as though it protrudes out of the skin. Often you will see things like metal horns or spikes. The skin will grow around like it would near any piercing. Subdermal implants are under the skin only, like a piece with a specific shape that will make the skin above it bump out conforming to that shape.
 * Branding and scarification are basically like tattoos, only instead of ink, the desired image/pattern is either burned in or cut to leave a permanent scar in that shape. Note that aside from aesthetic and/or cultural purposes, branding was also used as a punishment over an oppressed or enslaved person, or branding a criminal for public humiliation. (my note: still uncertain if this happens much in modern times.)
 * Suspension is usually for performance art. Temporary piercings in which hooks can be placed to let a person be suspended in the air. As you can imagine, it would more often than not take a team of people to actually prepare one person for suspension, and have a great understanding for human anatomy, how much it would take to properly balance and lift the suspended person, how the skin will react, etc.. If this is done improperly, it can be extremely dangerous. Aside from performance art, many practitioners feel it aids spirituality and meditation.
 * Tightlacing is a very controversial type of body modification in which a person wears an extremely tight laced corset to achieve an extreme hourglass shaped figure. Sometimes the ribcage is altered. The main issue is not only about the unhealthy image of a woman’s body many feel it has, but health issues as well. The organs can shift around, serious pain can occur, and cause other health issues with the digestive system.
 * Tongue bifurcation is the splitting of the tongue, almost always surgically, to create a forked tongue. Over time both ends can be moved independently.

Perception from Various Viewpoints:

 * Some people view these kinds of body mods to be enhancements for aesthetic reasons, performance art… for others may be cultural/rites of passage, or even just for shock value.
 * Others view it as unattractive and even degenerate behavior… shock value, not for the purpose of just seeing a reaction but merely for attention seeking.
 * Some may also view it as a health risk/self harm or even disfigurement. This may be from a medical standpoint, moral, religious, etc..

Interesting Miscellany:

 * One man with extensive amounts of body mods is known as The Enigma, with full body jigsaw puzzle tattooing, horn type implants, many body piercings, and ear reshaping. He’s a performer, actor and musician. He’s from Seattle, too( though not here now)! His wife, also heavily tattooed is known as Katzen the Tiger Lady, and she worked on The Enigma’s tattoos before they were married. He played a sideshow freak called The Conundrum in the X-Files episode “Humbug.” (my note: “Humbug” is one of my absolute favorite X-Files episodes; very funny. If you haven’t seen it- you should!)

Ending bit I’d like to say… I find all of these very interesting; not all of which I’d personally practice, but are interesting none the less. Some I know more about than others, certainly. However, some of these I feel aren’t needed to go into on our actual piece. For example: tightlacing, suspension, and tongue bifurcation. For me I felt it was worth noting here in my initial research, even if just to shed a little light on them for the rest of you, but I think the others are probably better to go with for the actual piece. I don’t want to just bring to mind the image of a sideshow when I share these notes, but some fascinating things people will do with their bodies and what people think of it-- for, or against. I definitely want to keep tattoos and piercings, and also the trans/subdermal implants.

Opinions, comments, suggestions? Thanks group! SamanthaLarson

 * Samantha,
 * I think your concerns over "sideshow" stuff are good ones, worth considering as the group moves forward. As we discussed before, I think it'll be worthwhile to mix together examples weight consider extreme with things like pierced ears that we generally take for granted. Then the primary questions becomes, how does one decide which behaviors should be allowed or encouraged, and which prohibited or discouraged? Great ideas here!
 * Stevenarntson 13:48, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

PS-( Im not in your group, butThe Enigma shopped at Wal-Mart in Lynnwood and to see him up close was wild.)

71.231.138.82 http://itn.co.uk/news/69a994ad82dda01a8de4ba08d211561b.html

 * Group 2,
 * As per our conversation the other day: many things are relative, but perhaps not everything! Here's The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
 * -Steve

Male Circumcision

 * Hi, Group 2,
 * I just ran across an article online that is a great example of some of the things we've been discussing, particularly in the arena of developing a set of criteria by which one can judge the appropriateness of a surgical procedure. The article is here.
 * Best, Stevenarntson 15:31, 15 May 2009 (UTC)


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User talk:Stevenarntson/group spaces/2009springanalytical/group 4

To Do:
 * Flesh out viewpoints and solution sections
 * Revise intro to reflect the additions
 * Citations throughout - MLA or footnotes
 * week 10 - self assessment

http://mediaeducationlab.com/1-whats-copyright-music-video

Interesting artical from NPR. The last five paragraphs are great for what we are talking about.

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103364687

Quintincooke

 * Hi, Group 4,
 * You'll be workshopping on week 7.
 * Best, Stevenarntson

 * Hi, Group 4,
 * Here's a few good resources on copyright. Find more!

 * 1)
 * 2)
 * 3)
 * 4)
 * Steve

 * Lyndsay Foley::    lindz_062 (at) hotmail.com
 * Adi G::                  88_adi_88 (at) comcast.net
 * Lonnie ::               lonnieohara (at) yahoo.com
 * Quintin Cooke::  chumlyqc (at) gmail.com
 * Ava Correz::        mercurysaturn90 (at) hotmail.com

 * Hi Group 4,
 * I disguised those email addresses a little, in case any bots trawl this page. How is the research going? Did you check out those links?
 * Best, Stevenarntson 13:53, 29 April 2009 (UTC)

Lonnie: link to Pirating music: http://www.usatoday.com/tech/columnist/kevinmaney/2005-05-03-music-piracy-china_x.htm

Some Places to Look at :

http://www.computerdjsummit.com/members/documents/piracy.html

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1625209,00.html

http://www.applelinks.com/mooresviews/pirate.shtml

http://web.mit.edu/condry/www/pubs/Condry-CultMusPiracy5-04.pdf.

http://www.rbs2.com/copyrm.pdf

http://www.bestactever.com/2009/04/26/the-long-war-music-piracy-in-1897-nytimes/

http://torrentfreak.com/music-piracy-not-that-bad-industry-says-090118/

Avacorrea

Lonnie:http://www.computerdjsummit.com/members/documents/piracy.html

http://www.musicbizadvice.com/a_little_history_on_music_piracy%20.htm

VIEWPOINT article: http://media.www.dailygamecock.com/media/storage/paper247/news/2004/02/23/Viewpoints/Music.Piracy.Good.For.Listeners-614859.shtml SOLUTION article: http://media.www.dailygamecock.com/media/storage/paper247/news/2004/02/23/Viewpoints/Music.Piracy.Good.For.Listeners-614859.shtml


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Laboratory and Analytical Methods

 * 1) Simple (glass) laboratory equipment and how to use it
 * 2) Laboratory safety
 * 3) Size exclusion chromatography
 * UV-VIS Spectrometry
 * IR spectrometry
 * Centrifugation and Ultracentrifugation
 * 1) SDS PAGE technique: Proteins are treated with a material that gives them a charge in proportion to their mass. They are then placed at the starting line of a gel that has a current running through it. The molecules travel down the gel like electrons travel through an power line, this is called electrophoresis. Since the proteins have the same charge/mass ratio, they travel down the gel according to their size. The smallest proteins go the furthest. These results can then be compared in many different ways.
 * 2) *For more information see Details on Electrophoresis or Details on SDS-PAGE.
 * Chromatography
 * 1) Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
 * Gamma counting
 * Beta counting
 * Enzyme assays
 * PCR
 * Metabolic pathways

Return to Biochemistry page

title: Laboratory and Analytical Methods


text:
Cell biology/Membrane Structure: Lipids

Here is the link to the ITunes U Lecture from Berkeley. | Membrane Structure: Lipids

Textbook Recommended by Professor: Molecular Biology of the Cell, Alberts et. al.

How do we visualize a cell membrane?

 * Study cells whole with electron microscopy (see picture on right). Cells are prepared through a process of fixing, embedding, slicing, and staining. Cells are then loaded into an electron microscope where they scatter electrons that are directed through them. A receptor picks up the electrons and creates a visual image since humans can not see electrons. The process of tissue preparation can cause a lot of artifacts to appear.

 * Study cells whole with light microscopy (see picture on left). There have been a lot of advances in this method. In the past it was difficult to study the molecular level because it cannot be visualized through normal light microscopy. However, since the discovery of the GFP gene, from jellyfish, light microscopy is a great new tool. This new method is called fluorescence microscopy (see center picture)The GFP gene creates a green light that now comes in a range of shades. Anyhow this can be attached to an antibody and used as a real time probe in a living cell: just follow the green light. Unfortunately, the GFP gene can cause a protein to fold incorrectly and then becomes useless.

How Can We Isolate a Membrane?

 * Study cells in pieces with membrane fractionation.
 * 1) This process involves taking tissue or cells and rupturing their cell membranes using a technique called vigorous homogenization (very similar to using a mortar and pestle). This produces pieces of membrane and organelles called lysate.
 * Centrifuge to separate pieces which will settle at different rates: Nucleus first, Endoplasmic Reticulum last. Using centrifuging to separate cell parts is called differential centrifugation and it separates lysate according to mass.
 * 1) A sucrose gradient, a gradient is created using an increasing concentration of sucrose as you move down the centrifuge tube. When the lysate is added to this tube and centrifuged, the lysate travels to the point where it's density is matched by the surrounding sucrose.

Selective Permeability
The phospholipid membrane itself does not allow polar or charged species to flow through it. There are channels, permeases, that allow charged and polar substances entry and exit from the cell.

Oxidative Phosphorylation in Mitochondria

 * Outer membrane allows passive transport of small molecules through porin (simple channel).
 * Inner membrane actively transports protons from the matrix (central area) into the intermembrane space.
 * ATPase is associated with a pore forming structure on inner membrane when protons are actively transported out. ATP is consumed when protons are transported out into the intermembrane space.
 * However, when the gradient reverses the protons flow in from the intermembrane space into the matrix. This causes the generation of ATP from ADP.

Mechanically Deformable
Membranes can be deformed because they are fluid. Hence fluid-mosaic model. This property comes from the phospholipid bilayer. A membrane is pictured as a mosaic because it has various protein molecules embedded in the phospholipid bilayer.

Communication
Membranes serve in cell-cell communication and signal transduction in the nervous and muscular systems.

Phospholipid bilayer
The image is wrong and needs correction. too many bonds are on carbon atoms and oxygen atoms.

The head group points towards the outside of the membrane while the tail group is hydrophobic and points inward. There are some very common fatty acid side chains (R groups: R1 and R2) including:
 * 1) palmitate, 16 carbon saturated fatty acid chain.[[image:Palmitate.png]]
 * 2) oleate, an 18 carbon unsaturated fatty acid chain with a single double bond.[[image:Palmitoleate.png]]
 * 3) sterate, an 18 carbon saturated fatty acid chain.[[image:Stearate.svg|300px]]

Saturated bonds are very flexible but double bonds create kinks and limit flexibility.

Phospholipids have a amphipathic property or nonpolar and polar properties.

For more information check out: The Wikipedia Page

Please feel free to add details or make changes where necessary. @undefined

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Cell biology/Membrane Structure: Proteins

Here is the link to the ITunes U Lecture from Berkeley. | Membrane Structure: Proteins

 * Phospholipids will create a membrane, called a vesicle, spontaneously when you add phospholipid molecules into an aqueous solution.
 * Phase Transition graphs can be used to determine the flexibility of different phospholipids at different temperatures.

Fatty acid chains determine the flexibility of the membrane.

 * Shorter fatty acid chains prefer a liquid.
 * Longer fatty acid chains prefer a solid state.
 * Double bonds make fatty acid chains prefer a liquid state.
 * Bacteria have enzymes that adapt to changing temperatures. If you increase the temperature of the bacteria, the bacteria will use enzymes to increase the length of the phospholipid chains and decrease the number of double bonds.

Cholesterol alters the phase transition of membranes.

 * It smooths out the liquid-solid transition at higher temperatures, because the hard rod structure of cholesterol prevents liquid movement.
 * It also smooths out the liquid-solid transition at lower temperatures because the cholesterol gets in the way of the phospholipid formation of a crystalline structure.

Removing Proteins

 * Peripheral proteins can be removed by changes in salt level, pH, divalent cation levels (i.e. Ca++), and diseases of the red blood cell shape.
 * Sickle Cell Anemia causes hemoglobin to clump in the middle of the cell preventing shape changes when the red blood cells are forced through capillaries. (The peripheral protein, spectrin, is responsible for the shape of red blood cells).
 * Hereditary Spherocytosis is a genetic disorder that causes red blood cells to take a spherical rather than biconcave shape.
 * Integral Proteins cannot be removed from the membrane without using a detergent to solubilize the lipids freeing the protein.
 * A nonionic detergent is needed to bind to the protein without denaturing the protein.
 * Triton X100 when added to a buffer a micelle forms. A micelle is an apolar chain fills the inside while the outside the polar heads interact with the aqueous solution.
 * The micelles embed into a membrane and form bonds around the protein so the nonpolar regions of the protein are protected from the solution.
 * A variety of detergents are needed for different proteins.

Studying Proteins

 * A membrane can be broken apart and phospholipids can be removed. These phospholipids can be rehydrated to form a vesicles with a lipid bilayer.
 * Proteins can be reconstituted in vesicles but in an experiment the protein can be created facing the wrong direction (unlike in a cell where the protein is placed into the membrane).
 * To figure out how many proteins are oriented backwards a radioactive substrate can be utilized. The laboratory created vesicles with protein can be tested with this substrate in the presence or absence of detergents. Detergents will allow all of the proteins to function (and the radioactive substrate will be consumed and found within proteins) while the sample without detergents will only allow the proteins facing the outside to work on the substrate. Comparing the values of the two samples will provide the percent of correctly oriented proteins. This test is called a latency experiment.
 * A modification of this experiment, called protease protection, is used extensively to study proteins. In this experiment, to find the location of proteins, laboratory created endoplasmic reticulum vesicles are used and radioactive amino acid are provided. One sample is then treated with trypsin and the other treated with trypsin and detergent. If the amino acids are inside the vesicle the trypsin will be unable to act upon them without the presence of a detergent.
 * This procedure can be used to find conditions that allow the protein to face the correct direction. The optimal conditions would create proteins that acted on as many substrates without detergent present as with detergent present.

Please feel free to add details or make changes where necessary. @undefined

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Cell biology/Membrane Structure: Dynamics

Here is the link to the ITunes U Lecture from Berkeley. | Membrane Structure: Proteins

Membrane Structure Dynamics
Membrane proteins are asymmetrically placed and fixed in the membrane so that one side is always externally directed and one side internally directed. Experiments to prove this are explained below.

Sugar Where?
'''You can determine the placement of sugars connected to glycoproteins using the technique below. Which has empirically proven that glycolipids and proteins contain sugars only on the external side of the cell membrane.'''
 * 1) Plants produce protein, called lectin, that binds sugars when released during cell lysis. The enzyme binds to the sugars that are found on the outside of bacteria acting like a simple antibiotic.
 * ConA is a type of lectin that binds manose and [[w:Glucose|glucose].
 * 1) Gold particles can be attached to ConA that can later be bonded to a red blood cell (RBC) which has a great deal of manose sugars attached to the outside of the cell membrane.
 * 2) After the gold and ConA are allowed to attach to the manose, the cell can then be prepared for electron microscopy and the gold can be seen (because gold scatters electrons).
 * 3) An additional preparation can be created where the cell is gently lysed introducing cracks where the gold ConA can come within the cell. This can then be visualized with electron microscopy and compared to the control (intact cell)
 * 4) This study demonstrates that the manose sugars around only on the outside of the cell.

SDS PAGE Technique

Proteins are treated with a material that gives them a charge in proportion to their mass. They are then placed at the starting line of a gel that has a current running through it. The molecules travel down the gel like electrons travel through an power line, this is called electrophoresis. Since the proteins have the same charge/mass ratio, they travel down the gel according to their size. The smallest proteins go the furthest. These results can then be compared in many different ways. For more information see Details on Electrophoresis or Details on SDS-PAGE.

Breaking Stuff is Always Fun

'''If you expose an intact cell to a protease enzyme, you can shave off the protein found on the outside of the cell. If the cell is broken, you can remove proteins from the inside of the membrane as well, leaving only the parts of proteins within the cell wall intact.'''

 * Experiment
 * 1) Expose intact cell to protease.
 * 2) Expose intact cell with detergent (to release proteins from the cell membrane) and protease.
 * 3) Create a control where nothing is done with the intact cell.
 * 4) Centrifuge to break cells.
 * 5) Perform an SDS page of the pellet (pieces of the cell that are centrifuged to the bottom of the cell) of each group.
 * 6) Then compare results.
 * Findings
 * 1) Compared to the control the group treated with only the protease looses part of proteins 2 and 3 and consequently they travel further down the SDS gel.
 * 2) When the group treated with the protease and detergent is examined, Proteins 5 and 1 are absent. Protein 4 is reduced in size and protein 3 is reduced in size further than it was in the previous trial. The size reduction is know because the proteins travel further when their size is removed during electrophoresis.

This experiment shows where the proteins are embedded or attached to the membrane. Real cells have more than 5 membrane proteins and therefore much more complicated. This method has to be modified to work on a real cell.

Immunoblotting or the Western Blot Technique

This is a technique that uses an SDS-PAGE. After the electrophoresis has run, the gel is turned upside down onto a piece of nitrocellulose filter paper. Electrophoresis is ran again at a perpendicular angle to to the gel, which causes the proteins to transfer into the paper. The paper is then placed into a buffer that has antibodies with fluorescence ability or radioactive particles. The paper is then exposed to UV light so the antibodies with fluoresce or exposed to x-ray sensitive paper. Additionally, the proteins can be tagged through many other markers. For more information see Western Blot.

Antibodies-Doesn't Your Doctor Prescribe Those???
An antibody can be used to select a desired protein so the previous experiment can be used in real cells.

 * Glycophorin is a protein found within red blood cells (RBC) and it spans the membrane one time. The following study was designed to identify it's directionality.
 * 1) To produce the necessary antibodies to glycophorin, human glycophorin is injected into a rabbit. The antibodies is then extracted from the rabbit's blood serum. Multiple antibodies are produced that attached to different parts of the protein.
 * 2) The next parts of the experiment are the same as above. Cells are reacted with proteases with or without detergent. An SDS is then produced, and that SDS is then treated with the Western Blot method described above identifying pieces of only the glycophorin protein.
 * 3) This technique can also be used to find the location of the N-terminus (amino acid end) and C-terminus (carboxyl end of the protein). For this, antibodies specific to to N-terminus or the C-terminus are used.  These antibodies can be produced by a rabbit or created in the laboratory (small amino acid chains can be manufactured through laboratory methods-large ones are still not feasible). To analyze the results, simply determine which side is present when the cell is treated with proteases without detergent. The terminus present on the inside of the cell will not be destroyed.

Really, After All That Work Some Proteins Are Still Illusive!!!

 * Unfortunately, not all proteins are as simple as this one and they snake their way back and forth through the membrane multiple times. With the previous method it is difficult to analyze these proteins.

 * To get a good three dimensional analysis through laboratory methods, the protein needs to be crystallized and pure samples can then be analyzed through x-ray crystallography. This can be done with proteins in general but membrane bound proteins are difficult. Membrane proteins without detergents or lipids denature. They can only maintain their structure with detergents; these same detergents prevent the closeness required for crystallization. There are approximately a dozen membrane proteins that have been previously crystallized. The first group to perform this minor miracle won the Nobel prize.

 * So if you can not crystallize the protein and you can not cut it up in pieces to study it, what do you do? Thankfully, computers are used to model proteins and determine which parts are found within the membrane. In most membrane proteins the amino acids found inside the membrane are nonpolar. So hydrophobic portions (around 20 amino acids long) suggest that that piece is found within the membrane.

 * You might remember from Biochemistry that proteins have nonpolar regions in their core that help keep them folded correctly. Would this skew the results? Actually, no it does not. The nonpolar amino acids that are found in the center are from many different sites on the protein. In other words, while the amino acids in the center of the protein are close in tertiary and quaternary structure, they are not close in the primary structure.

 * So a computer can normally model proteins, but does this always work? No, that would be far to easy. A major exception is porin-a relatively simple protein channel that allows charged and polar molecules into the cell. Porin's structure does not include the nonpolar regions in the primary structure that would be expected for a membrane bound protein. Porin's structure was determined by x-ray crystallography (with a detergent). Porin has alternating nonpolar-polar amino acids in a beta structure called a Beta Barrel. The nonpolar amino acids face the cellular membrane and the polar amino acids face the inside of the channel where charged and polar molecules travel.

Sisterhood of the Traveling Proteins

'''Membranes are fluid and the proteins can rotate like a top or travel all over the membrane. The only position retained is the internal versus external. A major experiment was conducted to prove this.'''
 * 1) Antibodies were created to recognize human cell proteins and mouse cell proteins by inducing an immune response in a laboratory animal and extracting the antibodies created. The antibodies are then tagged with fluorescence or radioactive isotopes or other markers.
 * 2) For a control you treat human cells with both antibodies and a mouse cell with both antibodies.
 * 3) The mouse and human cell membranes are then fused together and treated with antibodies.
 * 4) The results show that the proteins become distributed throughout the fused cell in a couple of hours.

This experiment will be reviewed in the next lecture.

@undefined

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User:Dravick

For informations about me, visit my wikipedia user page

title: User:Dravick


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User talk:Dravick

Leave your message in a new section, that's all I ask.

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User:Inthecloudsmp

 * MEL ESLYN

Bio
In Analytical Writing.

Group Name
We are Group 1, although I would prefer a name like THUNDER EAGLE.

title: User:Inthecloudsmp