text:
Bible/King James/Documentary Hypothesis/Redaction Sources/Book of generations

<Bible, English, King James, According to the documentary hypothesis

The Book of generations is a text reconstructed by joining together small scattered parts of the torah, mostly from Genesis, but one or two components from Exodus. In the documentary hypothesis, it is believed to have been used by the redactor of the torah, to cover the joins between the redactor's main source texts.

The numbering and sections exist only for the ease of modern readers, and do not reflect in any way any such numbering or partitioning in the original text

Part 1 - Adam
1 These are the generations of the heavens and of the earth when they were created

2 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the day that God created man, in the likeness of God made he him;

3 Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created.

4 And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth:

5 And the days of Adam after he had begotten Seth were eight hundred years: and he begat sons and daughters:

6 And all the days that Adam lived were nine hundred and thirty years: and he died.

Part 2 - Seth and descendents
1 And Seth lived an hundred and five years, and begat Enos:

2 And Seth lived after he begat Enos eight hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters:

3 And all the days of Seth were nine hundred and twelve years: and he died.

4 And Enos lived ninety years, and begat Cainan:

5 And Enos lived after he begat Cainan eight hundred and fifteen years, and begat sons and daughters:

6 And all the days of Enos were nine hundred and five years: and he died.

7 And Cainan lived seventy years, and begat Mahalaleel:

8 And Cainan lived after he begat Mahalaleel eight hundred and forty years, and begat sons and daughters:

9 And all the days of Cainan were nine hundred and ten years: and he died.

10 And Mahalaleel lived sixty and five years, and begat Jared:

11 And Mahalaleel lived after he begat Jared eight hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters:

12 And all the days of Mahalaleel were eight hundred ninety and five years: and he died.

13 And Jared lived an hundred sixty and two years, and he begat Enoch:

14 And Jared lived after he begat Enoch eight hundred years, and begat sons and daughters:

15 And all the days of Jared were nine hundred sixty and two years: and he died.

Part 3 - Enoch and descendents
1 And Enoch lived sixty and five years, and begat Methuselah:

2 And Enoch walked with God after he begat Methuselah three hundred years, and begat sons and daughters:

3 And all the days of Enoch were three hundred sixty and five years:

4 And Enoch walked with God: and he was not; for God took him.

5 And Methuselah lived an hundred eighty and seven years, and begat Lamech:

6 And Methuselah lived after he begat Lamech seven hundred eighty and two years, and begat sons and daughters:

7 And all the days of Methuselah were nine hundred sixty and nine years: and he died.

8 And Lamech lived an hundred eighty and two years, and begat a son:

9And he called his name Noah, saying,

10This same shall comfort us concerning our work and toil of our hands, because of the ground which the LORD hath cursed.

11 And Lamech lived after he begat Noah five hundred ninety and five years, and begat sons and daughters:

12 And all the days of Lamech were seven hundred seventy and seven years: and he died.

13 And Noah was five hundred years old: and Noah begat Shem, Ham, and Japheth.

14 And Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of waters was upon the earth.

15 And Noah lived after the flood three hundred and fifty years.

16 And all the days of Noah were nine hundred and fifty years: and he died.

17 Now these are the generations of the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham, and Japheth:

Part 4 - Shem and descendents
1 These are the generations of Shem: Shem was an hundred years old, and begat Arphaxad two years after the flood:

2 And Shem lived after he begat Arphaxad five hundred years, and begat sons and daughters.

3 And Arphaxad lived five and thirty years, and begat Salah:

4 And Arphaxad lived after he begat Salah four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.

5 And Salah lived thirty years, and begat Eber:

6 And Salah lived after he begat Eber four hundred and three years, and begat sons and daughters.

7 And Eber lived four and thirty years, and begat Peleg:

8 And Eber lived after he begat Peleg four hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters.

9 And Peleg lived thirty years, and begat Reu:

10 And Peleg lived after he begat Reu two hundred and nine years, and begat sons and daughters.

11 And Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug:

12 And Reu lived after he begat Serug two hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters.

13 And Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nahor:

14 And Serug lived after he begat Nahor two hundred years, and begat sons and daughters.

15 And Nahor lived nine and twenty years, and begat Terah:

16 And Nahor lived after he begat Terah an hundred and nineteen years, and begat sons and daughters.

17 And Terah lived seventy years, and begat Abram, Nahor, and Haran.

18 Now these are the generations of Terah:

19 And the days of Terah were two hundred and five years: and Terah died in Haran.

Part 5 - Abram and descendents
1 Now these are the generations of Ishmael, Abram's son, whom Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah's handmaid, bare unto Abraham:

....................................................................................TEXT MISSING....................................................................................

A And these are the generations of Isaac, Abram's son: Abram begat Isaac:

....................................................................................TEXT MISSING....................................................................................

i And these are the generations of Esau the father of the Edomites in mount Seir:

ii These are the names of Esau's sons; Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau, Reuel the son of Bashemath the wife of Esau.

iii And the sons of Eliphaz were Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and Kenaz.

iv And Timna was concubine to Eliphaz Esau's son; and she bare to Eliphaz Amalek: these were the sons of Adah Esau's wife.

v And these are the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife.

vi And these were the sons of Aholibamah, the daughter of Anah the daughter of Zibeon, Esau's wife: and she bare to Esau Jeush, and Jaalam, and Korah.

Part 6 - Dukes of Esau
1 These were dukes of the sons of Esau: the sons of Eliphaz the firstborn son of Esau; duke Teman, duke Omar, duke Zepho, duke Kenaz,

2 Duke Korah, duke Gatam, and duke Amalek: these are the dukes that came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom; these were the sons of Adah.

3 And these are the sons of Reuel Esau's son; duke Nahath, duke Zerah, duke Shammah, duke Mizzah: these are the dukes that came of Reuel in the land of Edom; these are the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife.

4 And these are the sons of Aholibamah Esau's wife; duke Jeush, duke Jaalam, duke Korah: these were the dukes that came of Aholibamah the daughter of Anah, Esau's wife.

5 These are the sons of Esau, who is Edom, and these are their dukes.

6 These are the sons of Seir the Horite, who inhabited the land; Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah,

7 And Dishon, and Ezer, and Dishan: these are the dukes of the Horites, the children of Seir in the land of Edom.

8 And the children of Lotan were Hori and Hemam; and Lotan's sister was Timna.

9 And the children of Shobal were these; Alvan, and Manahath, and Ebal, Shepho, and Onam.

10 And these are the children of Zibeon; both Ajah, and Anah: this was that Anah that found the mules in the wilderness, as he fed the asses of Zibeon his father.

11 And the children of Anah were these; Dishon, and Aholibamah the daughter of Anah.

12 And these are the children of Dishon; Hemdan, and Eshban, and Ithran, and Cheran.

13 The children of Ezer are these; Bilhan, and Zaavan, and Akan.

14 The children of Dishan are these; Uz, and Aran.

15 These are the dukes that came of the Horites; duke Lotan, duke Shobal, duke Zibeon, duke Anah,

16 Duke Dishon, duke Ezer, duke Dishan: these are the dukes that came of Hori, among their dukes in the land of Seir.

Part 7 - Tribes of Israel
1 These are the generations of Jacob.

....................................................................................TEXT MISSING....................................................................................

i All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it that their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every one according to his blessing he blessed them.

....................................................................................TEXT MISSING....................................................................................

A Now these are the names of the children of Israel, which came into Egypt; every man and his household came with Jacob.

B Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah,

C Issachar, Zebulun, and Benjamin,

D Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and Asher.

E And all the souls that came out of the loins of Jacob were seventy souls: for Joseph was in Egypt already.

....................................................................................TEXT MISSING....................................................................................

i The sons of Reuben the firstborn of Israel; Hanoch, and Pallu, Hezron, and Carmi: these be the families of Reuben.

ii And the sons of Simeon; Jemuel, and Jamin, and Ohad, and Jachin, and Zohar, and Shaul the son of a Canaanitish woman: these are the families of Simeon.

iii And these are the names of the sons of Levi according to their generations; Gershon, and Kohath, and Merari: and the years of the life of Levi were an hundred thirty and seven years.

Part 8 - Levites
1 The sons of Gershon; Libni, and Shimi, according to their families.

2 And the sons of Kohath; Amram, and Izhar, and Hebron, and Uzziel: and the years of the life of Kohath were an hundred thirty and three years.

3 And the sons of Merari; Mahali and Mushi: these are the families of Levi according to their generations.

4 And Amram took him Jochebed his father's sister to wife; and she bare him Aaron and Moses: and the years of the life of Amram were an hundred and thirty and seven years.

5 And the sons of Izhar; Korah, and Nepheg, and Zichri.

6 And the sons of Uzziel; Mishael, and Elzaphan, and Zithri.

7 And the sons of Korah; Assir, and Elkanah, and Abiasaph: these are the families of the Korhites.

8 These also are the generations of Aaron and Moses in the day that the LORD spake with Moses in mount Sinai.

9 And Aaron took him Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab, sister of Naashon, to wife; and she bare him Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.

10 And Eleazar Aaron's son took him one of the daughters of Putiel to wife; and she bare him Phinehas: these are the heads of the fathers of the Levites according to their families.

11 And Aaron the priest went up into mount Hor at the commandment of the LORD, and died there, in the fortieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the first day of the fifth month.

12 And Aaron was an hundred and twenty and three years old when he died in mount Hor.


text:
Bible/King James/Documentary Hypothesis/Redaction Sources/Conflict resolution

<Bible, English, King James, According to the documentary hypothesis

According to the documentary hypothesis, the torah was formed when a certain redactor combined three main source texts together, one of which was itself a combination of two earlier main sources. These four sources are known as the Jahwist source, Elohist source, Priestly source, and Deuteronomist source. In interleaving texts together, there are sometimes occasions when one text appears to contradict another, and so clarification is sometimes required.

Isaac as heir
Between the sources, several descendants of Abraham by children other than Isaac are listed. The redactor clarifies that Isaac is the chosen heir (Genesis 25:5-6):

 * 1 And Abraham gave all that he had unto Isaac.

 * 2 But unto the sons of the concubines, which Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts, and sent them away from Isaac his son, while he yet lived, eastward, unto the east country.

Locating Rachel
In the priestly source, Jacob finds a wife - Rachel - by going to Padan Aram. In the other sources the location is not named, although the Jahwist source implies it to be Haran. The Redactor clarifies this, stating that Rachel was found in Padan Aram:

 * within Genesis 33:18 when he came from Padanaram

 * Genesis 48:7 And as for me, when I came from Padan, Rachel died by me in the land of Canaan in the way, when yet there was but a little way to come unto Ephrath: and I buried her there in the way of Ephrath; the same is Bethlehem.

Hardening the Pharaoh's heart
In both the Elohist source and the Priestly source, during the Ten Plagues, the Pharaoh's heart is described as being "hardened", and in the Priestly source this is described as being due to god. However, it occurs much less frequently in the Elohist source, and it is explained in neither source why god should do this. The redactor added an explanation (Exodus 11:9), and adjusted the balance of references to the Pharoah's heart hardening:

 * Exodus 4:21b But I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go.

 * Exodus 9:35 And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, neither would he let the children of Israel go; as the LORD had spoken by Moses.

 * Exodus 10:20 But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

 * Exodus 10:27 But the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

 * Exodus 11:9 And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.

 * Exodus 11:10 And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the LORD hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

Passover and the firstborn
The redaction places the Priestly source's order that the passover feast can only be for people who are circumcised next to the Elohist's order to "sanctify the firstborn". Creating a more natural change, the redactor adds padding (Exodus 12:50-51):

 * 1 Thus did all the children of Israel; as the LORD commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

 * 2 And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the LORD did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

Crossing the red sea
In exodus, when Moses crosses the red sea, according to the Jahwist, a strong wind blows the sea back, the Egyptians flee, and god kills them on the shore. According to the Elohist, an Angel takes off the chariot wheels, causing them to collapse, and throw their riders into the sea. According to the Priestly source, the sea, which had been a wall of water, collapses onto the Egyptians when Moses stretches out his hand. These subtly different versions are interlaced by the redactor and combined in a summary:

 * Exodus 15:19 For the horse of Pharaoh went in with his chariots and with his horsemen into the sea, and the LORD brought again the waters of the sea upon them; but the children of Israel went on dry land in the midst of the sea.

Repeating the ten commandments
By combining the Elohist, Jahwist, and Priestly, sources, the redaction resulted in three sets of commandments (Exodus 20:23 - 23:33, Exodus 34:2-28, and Exodus 20:2-17, respectively). Tradition requires there to be only one distinct set of ten. While the Elohist version can be dismissed in the redaction, as there are substantially more than ten, and they can thus be re-interpreted as implications of one set of ten, this still leaves two other sets. This problem is partly solved by the Elohist tale of the in which Moses' anger causes him to smash the tablets he had received the Elohist commandments on, as the tale can be adjusted to imply at the tablets contained the Jahwist ten, and thus having been smashed, another set of two need to be created, and written upon. However, the redactor also felt that two slight additions were necessary, in order to reinforce this:

 * Exodus 34:1b like unto the first: and I will write upon these tables the words that were in the first tables, which thou brakest.

 * Inserted into Exodus 34:4 like unto the first

Korah, Dathan, and Abiram
According to the documentary hypothesis, in binding together the version of the tale of the revolt at the report of the spies in the priestly source, with the version of the tale in the Jahwist source, it was necessary to add a few words. The priestly source's version names the villain as Korah, wheras the Jahwist names the villains as Dathan and Abiram, therefore the redactor added the words "Dathan, and Abiram" immediately after "Korah" is mentioned in the priestly source, at Numbers 16:24, and at Numbers 16:27. It was also necessary to add Dathan and Abiram into the enumeration of people who had left egypt, which is made by the priestly source at Numbers 26, by adding the following (Numbers 26:9-11):

 * 1 And the sons of Eliab; Nemuel, and Dathan, and Abiram. This is that Dathan and Abiram, which were famous in the congregation, who strove against Moses and against Aaron in the company of Korah, when they strove against the LORD:

 * 2 And the earth opened her mouth, and swallowed them up together with Korah, when that company died, what time the fire devoured two hundred and fifty men: and they became a sign.

 * 3 Notwithstanding the children of Korah died not.

Death of Moses
The deuteronomist doesn't provide a death scene for Moses as such, but does provide a final blessing (Deuteronomy 33:2-29) he is supposed to have made before his death. However, the Elohist describes Moses as going to the top of a mountain to die (Deuteronomy 34:1-5). If the Elohist death scene preceeded the final blessing, then it would imply that the entire people of Israel had gone up the mountain with him. The redactor chose to put the blessing before the Elohist death scene, but also added an explanation of how Moses had sufficient foreknowledge of his death to choose to make the speech (Deuteronomy 32:48-52):

 * 1 And the LORD spake unto Moses that selfsame day, saying,

 * 2 Get thee up into this mountain Abarim, unto mount Nebo, which is in the land of Moab, that is over against Jericho; and behold the land of Canaan, which I give unto the children of Israel for a possession:

 * 3 And die in the mount whither thou goest up, and be gathered unto thy people; as Aaron thy brother died in mount Hor, and was gathered unto his people:

 * 4 Because ye trespassed against me among the children of Israel at the waters of MeribahKadesh, in the wilderness of Zin; because ye sanctified me not in the midst of the children of Israel.

 * 5 Yet thou shalt see the land before thee; but thou shalt not go thither unto the land which I give the children of Israel.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
Bible/King James/Documentary Hypothesis/Redaction Sources/Explanatory Additions

<Bible, English, King James, According to the documentary hypothesis

According to the documentary hypothesis, the torah was formed when a certain redactor interwove a set of separate source texts. Some stories may have remained in some ways obscure, as the redactor chose to add certain explanatory texts to clarify certain points and expand on others.

Substitution of a Ram for Isaac
The Elohist source abruptly goes from "And Abraham stretched forth his hand, and took the knife to slay his son" (Genesis 22:10) to "because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only son" (Genesis 22:16b), with no further mention of Isaac being alive. This appears to imply human sacrifice, although the text in the Elohist source describing what Abraham did with the dagger after raising it is no longer present. In the Jahwist source, Isaac is mentioned several times, which in the combined JE text occur after this event, and consequently the redactor took out whatever the detail was, and replaced it with Isaac being rescued from sacrifice (Genesis 22:11-16a):

 * 1 And the angel of the LORD called unto him out of heaven, and said, Abraham, Abraham: and he said, Here am I.

 * 2 And he said, Lay not thine hand upon the lad, neither do thou any thing unto him: for now I know that thou fearest God, seeing thou hast not withheld thy son, thine only son from me.

 * 3 And Abraham lifted up his eyes, and looked, and behold behind him a ram caught in a thicket by his horns: and Abraham went and took the ram, and offered him up for a burnt offering in the stead of his son.

 * 4 And Abraham called the name of that place Jehovahjireh: as it is said to this day, In the mount of the LORD it shall be seen.

 * 5 And the angel of the LORD called unto Abraham out of heaven the second time,

 * 6 And said, By myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, for

Esau moving from Canaan to Seir
The redactor used the opportunity created by the priestly source mentioning Esau's children (Genesis 36:2-5) to try and put in the corresponding genealogy from the Book of generations. However, this refers to Esau being at Seir, wheras the priestly source's genealogy describes him in Canaan. The Redactor added extra lines (Genesis 36:6-8) describing Esau moving from Canaan to Seir:

 * 1 Now these are the generations of Esau, who is Edom.

 * .................................................................................THE GENEALOGY FROM THE PRIESTLY SOURCE....................................................................................

 * A And Esau took his wives, and his sons, and his daughters, and all the persons of his house, and his cattle, and all his beasts, and all his substance, which he had got in the land of Canaan; and went into the country from the face of his brother Jacob.

 * B For their riches were more than that they might dwell together; and the land wherein they were strangers could not bear them because of their cattle.

 * C Thus dwelt Esau in mount Seir: Esau is Edom.

 * .............................................................................THE GENEALOGY FROM THE BOOK OF GENERATIONS................................................................................

The genealogy of Israel's grandchildren
There isn't really anywhere convenient for listing the genealogies of Israel's grandchildren. The redactor chooses one of the least awkward - when Moses is initially put in charge of the tribes of Israel - to insert the genealogy from the book of generations (Exodus 6:13-30), adding a brief extra piece of text, which ends by repeating the immediately preceeding verse (Exodus 6:12), to return to the main story:

 * 1 And the LORD spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, and gave them a charge unto the children of Israel, and unto Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt.

 * .............................................................................GENEALOGY FROM THE BOOK OF GENERATIONS................................................................................

 * A These are that Aaron and Moses, to whom the LORD said, Bring out the children of Israel from the land of Egypt according to their armies.

 * B These are they which spake to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to bring out the children of Israel from Egypt: these are that Moses and Aaron.

 * C And it came to pass on the day when the LORD spake unto Moses in the land of Egypt,

 * D That the LORD spake unto Moses, saying, I am the LORD: speak thou unto Pharaoh king of Egypt all that I say unto thee.

 * E And Moses said before the LORD, Behold, I am of uncircumcised lips, and how shall Pharaoh hearken unto me?

Ending the plague of frogs
The redactor chose to clarify that the end of the plague of frogs in the Elohist source (Exodus 8:11a) did not imply that frogs would no longer exist in Egypt, which had clearly not occurred:

 * Exodus 8:11b they shall remain in the river only.

God's promise to be merciful if he destroys Israel as punishment and they repent
The Priestly source describes a large law code, and then threatens that if it was not followed sufficiently, god might destroy Israel in wrath, (Leviticus 26:1-38), but offers no hope of any subsequent future after such destruction. In the documentary hypothesis, the redaction is thought to have occurred during/after the Babylonian captivity, and so the bleak threat appears to have already been carried out. The redactor added a section in which god promises to be merciful should the people subsequently repent (Leviticus 26:39-46):

 * 1 And they that are left of you shall pine away in their iniquity in your enemies' lands;

 * 2 And also in the iniquities of their fathers shall they pine away with them.

 * 3 If they shall confess their iniquity, and the iniquity of their fathers,

 * 4 With their trespass which they trespassed against me, and that also they have walked contrary unto me;

 * 5 And that I also have walked contrary unto them, and have brought them into the land of their enemies;

 * 6 If then their uncircumcised hearts be humbled, and they then accept of the punishment of their iniquity:

 * 7 Then will I remember my covenant with Jacob, and also my covenant with Isaac,

 * 8 And also my covenant with Abraham will I remember; and I will remember the land.

 * 9 The land also shall be left of them, and shall enjoy her sabbaths, while she lieth desolate without them:

 * 10 And they shall accept of the punishment of their iniquity:

 * 11 Because, even because they despised my judgments, and because their soul abhorred my statutes.

 * 12 And yet for all that, when they be in the land of their enemies, I will not cast them away,

 * 13 Neither will I abhor them, to destroy them utterly, and to break my covenant with them: for I am the LORD their God.

 * 14 But I will for their sakes remember the covenant of their ancestors,

 * 15 Whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt in the sight of the heathen,

 * 16 That I might be their God: I am the LORD.

 * 17 These are the statutes and judgments and laws,

 * 18 Which the LORD made between him and the children of Israel in mount Sinai by the hand of Moses.

Cloud of the Tabernacle
The priestly source describes an invisible and distant god, and the redactor chose to provide (at Numbers 9:15-23) an explanation of exactly how the people knew where it was that god wished to lead them. It repeats the explanation numerous times, as if to completely ensure that it is understood:

 * 1 And on the day that the tabernacle was reared up the cloud covered the tabernacle, namely, the tent of the testimony:

 * 2 And at even there was upon the tabernacle as it were the appearance of fire, until the morning.

 * 3 So it was alway: the cloud covered it by day, and the appearance of fire by night.

 * 4 And when the cloud was taken up from the tabernacle, then after that the children of Israel journeyed:

 * 5 And in the place where the cloud abode, there the children of Israel pitched their tents.

 * 6 At the commandment of the LORD the children of Israel journeyed, and at the commandment of the LORD they pitched:

 * 7 As long as the cloud abode upon the tabernacle they rested in their tents.

 * 8 And when the cloud tarried long upon the tabernacle many days, then the children of Israel kept the charge of the LORD, and journeyed not.

 * 9 And so it was, when the cloud was a few days upon the tabernacle;

 * 10 According to the commandment of the LORD they abode in their tents, and according to the commandment of the LORD they journeyed.

 * 11 And so it was, when the cloud abode from even unto the morning,

 * 12 And that the cloud was taken up in the morning, then they journeyed:

 * 13 Whether it was by day or by night that the cloud was taken up, they journeyed.

 * 14 Or whether it were two days, or a month, or a year, that the cloud tarried upon the tabernacle, remaining thereon, the children of Israel abode in their tents, and journeyed not:

 * 15 But when it was taken up, they journeyed.

 * 16 At the commandment of the LORD they rested in the tents, and at the commandment of the LORD they journeyed:

 * 17 They kept the charge of the LORD, at the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses.

Narrative in the Stations List
The stations list is a particularly dry text. This is alleviated by additions inserted into it by the redactor, although one school of thought considers that the stations list did originally contain these narrative segments rather than the redactor adding them.

In part of the scattered version of the stations list (Numbers 21:10-20), the redactor references a now lost book (the Book of the wars of the lord), and describes the digging of a well:
 * .....................................................STATIONS LIST TO THE OTHER SIDE OF ARNON.....................................................

 * 1 Wherefore it is said in the book of the wars of the LORD, What he did in the Red sea, and in the brooks of Arnon,

 * 2 And at the stream of the brooks that goeth down to the dwelling of Ar, and lieth upon the border of Moab.

 * ...............................................................STATIONS LIST FROM AR TO BEER..............................................................

 * i Whereof the LORD spake unto Moses, Gather the people together, and I will give them water.

 * ii Then Israel sang this song, Spring up, O well; sing ye unto it:

 * iii The princes digged the well, the nobles of the people digged it, by the direction of the lawgiver, with their staves.

 * ....................................................................STATIONS LIST FROM BEER....................................................................

Within the full version of the stations list (Numbers 33:1-49), the redactor summarises the passover, Aaron's death, and king Arad's awareness of the people's approach:

 * ..............................................................................INTRODUCTION..............................................................................

 * 1 And they departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the morrow after the passover the children of Israel went out with an high hand in the sight of all the Egyptians.

 * 2 For the Egyptians buried all their firstborn, which the LORD had smitten among them: upon their gods also the LORD executed judgements

 * ...................................................STATIONS LIST FROM RAMESES TO MOUNT HOR...................................................

 * i And Aaron the priest went up into mount Hor at the commandment of the LORD, and died there, in the fortieth year after the children of Israel were come out of the land of Egypt, in the first day of the fifth month.

 * .................................................AARON'S AGE FROM THE BOOK OF GENERATIONS.................................................

 * 4 And king Arad the Canaanite, which dwelt in the south in the land of Canaan, heard of the coming of the children of Israel.

 * ..............................................................STATIONS LIST FROM MOUNT HOR..............................................................


text:
Bible/King James/Documentary Hypothesis/Redaction Sources/Stations List

<Bible, English, King James, According to the documentary hypothesis

The stations list is a text reconstructed by joining together small scattered parts of the torah, mostly from Numbers, but also from Exodus. In the documentary hypothesis, it is believed to have been used by the redactor of the torah, to cover the joins between the redactor's main source texts.

There are two versions of the text, the first is the one that is scattered throughout Numbers and Exodus, the second is found complete (with minor interruptions) at Numbers 33:1-3a, 33:5-37, 33:41-49.

The numbering and sections exist only for the ease of modern readers, and do not reflect in any way any such numbering or partitioning in the original text

Part 1
1 And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth,

2 And they took their journey from Succoth, and encamped in Etham, in the edge of the wilderness.

3 So Moses brought Israel from the Red sea, and they went out into the wilderness of Shur;

4 And they came to Elim, where were twelve wells of water, and threescore and ten palm trees: and they encamped there by the waters.

5 And they took their journey from Elim, and all the congregation of the children of Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin, which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt.

6 And all the congregation of the children of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin, after their journeys, according to the commandment of the LORD, and pitched in Rephidim: and there was no water for the people to drink.

7 For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness;

Part 2
1 And they first took their journey according to the commandment of the LORD by the hand of Moses.

2 Thus were the journeyings of the children of Israel according to their armies, when they set forward.

Part 3
1 Then came the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, into the desert of Zin in the first month

2 And the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, journeyed from Kadesh, and came unto mount Hor.

3 And they journeyed from mount Hor by the way of the Red sea, to compass the land of Edom

4 And the children of Israel set forward, and pitched in Oboth.

5 And they journeyed from Oboth, and pitched at Ijeabarim, in the wilderness which is before Moab, toward the sunrising.

6 From thence they removed, and pitched in the valley of Zared.

7 From thence they removed, and pitched on the other side of Arnon, which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.

8 And from thence they went to Beer: that is the well.

9 And from the wilderness they went to Mattanah:

10 And from Mattanah to Nahaliel: and from Nahaliel to Bamoth:

11 And from Bamoth in the valley, that is in the country of Moab, to the top of Pisgah, which looketh toward Jeshimon.

12 And the children of Israel set forward, and pitched in the plains of Moab on this side Jordan by Jericho.

Version 2
1 These are the journeys of the children of Israel, which went forth out of the land of Egypt with their armies under the hand of Moses and Aaron.

2 And Moses wrote their goings out according to their journeys by the commandment of the LORD: and these are their journeys according to their goings out.

3 And they departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month;

4 And the children of Israel removed from Rameses, and pitched in Succoth.

5 And they departed from Succoth, and pitched in Etham, which is in the edge of the wilderness.

6 And they removed from Etham, and turned again unto Pihahiroth, which is before Baalzephon: and they pitched before Migdol.

7 And they departed from before Pihahiroth, and passed through the midst of the sea into the wilderness, and went three days' journey in the wilderness of Etham, and pitched in Marah.

8 And they removed from Marah, and came unto Elim: and in Elim were twelve fountains of water, and threescore and ten palm trees; and they pitched there.

9 And they removed from Elim, and encamped by the Red sea.

10 And they removed from the Red sea, and encamped in the wilderness of Sin.

11 And they took their journey out of the wilderness of Sin, and encamped in Dophkah.

12 And they departed from Dophkah, and encamped in Alush.

13 And they removed from Alush, and encamped at Rephidim, where was no water for the people to drink.

14 And they departed from Rephidim, and pitched in the wilderness of Sinai.

15 And they removed from the desert of Sinai, and pitched at Kibrothhattaavah.

16 And they departed from Kibrothhattaavah, and encamped at Hazeroth.

17 And they departed from Hazeroth, and pitched in Rithmah.

18 And they departed from Rithmah, and pitched at Rimmonparez.

19 And they departed from Rimmonparez, and pitched in Libnah.

20 And they removed from Libnah, and pitched at Rissah.

21 And they journeyed from Rissah, and pitched in Kehelathah.

22 And they went from Kehelathah, and pitched in mount Shapher.

23 And they removed from mount Shapher, and encamped in Haradah.

24 And they removed from Haradah, and pitched in Makheloth.

25 And they removed from Makheloth, and encamped at Tahath.

26 And they departed from Tahath, and pitched at Tarah.

27 And they removed from Tarah, and pitched in Mithcah.

28 And they went from Mithcah, and pitched in Hashmonah.

29 And they departed from Hashmonah, and encamped at Moseroth.

30 And they departed from Moseroth, and pitched in Benejaakan.

31 And they removed from Benejaakan, and encamped at Horhagidgad.

32 And they went from Horhagidgad, and pitched in Jotbathah.

33 And they removed from Jotbathah, and encamped at Ebronah.

34 And they departed from Ebronah, and encamped at Eziongaber.

35 And they removed from Eziongaber, and pitched in the wilderness of Zin, which is Kadesh.

36 And they removed from Kadesh, and pitched in mount Hor, in the edge of the land of Edom.

37 And they departed from mount Hor, and pitched in Zalmonah.

38 And they departed from Zalmonah, and pitched in Punon.

39 And they departed from Punon, and pitched in Oboth.

40 And they departed from Oboth, and pitched in Ijeabarim, in the border of Moab.

41 And they departed from Iim, and pitched in Dibongad.

42 And they removed from Dibongad, and encamped in Almondiblathaim.

43 And they removed from Almondiblathaim, and pitched in the mountains of Abarim, before Nebo.

44 And they departed from the mountains of Abarim, and pitched in the plains of Moab by Jordan near Jericho.

45 And they pitched by Jordan, from Bethjesimoth even unto Abelshittim in the plains of Moab.

Introduction
There follows both texts superimposed
 * Text only present in Version 1 is highlighted in green
 * Text only present in Version 2 is highlighted in grey
 * Text present in Version 1 that corresponds directly with text in Version 2 is highlighted in black

The versions sometimes refer to the same locations by different terms:
 * Nahaliel translates as "blessed stream" and is a tributary of the river Arnon. According to version 2, heading up the tributary leads to Almondiblathaim.
 * Bamoth translates as "high places", i.e. mountains
 * Ijeabirim translates as "mounds of Abirim", and was abbreviated as iim, meaning "mounds"
 * The location at the other side of Arnon is given in Version 1 as Dibongad
 * Nebo is a mountain, one of whose peaks is called Pisgah (it is referred to by both names, in Deuteronomy, in the same verse)

The text
1Thus were the journeyings of the children of Israel,which went forth out of the land of Egyptaccording to their armies, when they set forward by the hand of Mosesand Aaron.

2And Moses wrote their goings outaccording totheir journeys bythe commandment of the LORD:and these are their journeys according to their goings out.

3And they departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month;

4And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth,

5And they took their journey from Succoth, and encamped in Etham, in the edge of the wilderness.

6And they removed from Etham, and turned again unto Pihahiroth, which is before Baalzephon: and they pitched before Migdol.

7And they departed from before Pihahiroth, andSo Moses brought Israelfrom the Red sea and they went out into the wildernessof Shur;and went three days' journey in the wilderness of Etham, and pitched in Marah.

8And they removed from Marah,And they came to Elim, where were twelve wells of water, and threescore and ten palm trees: and they encamped thereby the waters.

9And they took their journey from Elim,and encamped by the Red sea.

10And they removed from the Red sea,and all the congregation of the children of Israel came unto the wilderness of Sin,which is between Elim and Sinai, on the fifteenth day of the second month after their departing out of the land of Egypt.

11And all the congregation of the children of Israel journeyed from the wilderness of Sin,after their journeys, according to the commandment of the LORD,and encamped in Dophkah.

12And they departed from Dophkah, and encamped in Alush.

13And they removed from Alush,and pitched in Rephidim: and there was no water for the people to drink.

14For they were departed from Rephidim, and were come to the desert of Sinai, and had pitched in the wilderness;.

15And they removed from the desert of Sinai, and pitched at Kibrothhattaavah.

16And they departed from Kibrothhattaavah, and encamped at Hazeroth.

17And they departed from Hazeroth, and pitched in Rithmah.

18And they departed from Rithmah, and pitched at Rimmonparez.

19And they departed from Rimmonparez, and pitched in Libnah.

20And they removed from Libnah, and pitched at Rissah.

21And they journeyed from Rissah, and pitched in Kehelathah.

22And they went from Kehelathah, and pitched in mount Shapher.

23And they removed from mount Shapher, and encamped in Haradah.

24And they removed from Haradah, and pitched in Makheloth.

25And they removed from Makheloth, and encamped at Tahath.

26And they departed from Tahath, and pitched at Tarah.

27And they removed from Tarah, and pitched in Mithcah.

28And they went from Mithcah, and pitched in Hashmonah.

29And they departed from Hashmonah, and encamped at Moseroth.

30And they departed from Moseroth, and pitched in Benejaakan.

31And they removed from Benejaakan, and encamped at Horhagidgad.

32And they went from Horhagidgad, and pitched in Jotbathah.

33And they removed from Jotbathah, and encamped at Ebronah.

34And they departed from Ebronah, and encamped at Eziongaber.

35And they removed from Eziongaber,then came the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, into the desert of Zinin the first month,which is Kadesh.

36And the children of Israel, even the whole congregation, journeyed from Kadesh, and came unto mount Hor,in the edge of the land of Edom.

37And they journeyed from mount Horby the way of the Red sea, to compass the land of Edom, and pitched in Zalmonah.

38And they departed from Zalmonah, and pitched in Punon.

39And they departed from Punon,And the children of Israel set forward,and pitched in Oboth.

40And they journeyed from Oboth, and pitched at Ijeabarim, in the wilderness which is before Moab,toward the sunrising

41From thence they removed,and pitched in the valley of Zared.

42From thence they removed,and pitched on the other side of Arnon,which is in the wilderness that cometh out of the coasts of the Amorites: for Arnon is the border of Moab, between Moab and the Amorites.

43And from thencethey went to Beer: that is the well, And from the wilderness they went to Mattanah:

44And from Mattanahto Nahaliel:

45And from Nahaliel to Bamothof Abarim:And from Bamothin the valley, that is in the country of Moab,tothe top ofPisgah.

46And the children of Israel set forwardfrom the mountains of Abarim, and pitched on this side Jordan by Jericho.

47And they pitched by Jordan,which looketh toward Jeshimoneven unto Abelshittimin the plains of Moab.