text:
User talk:WillWell777

 Hello WillWell777, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 19:53, 11 September 2011 (UTC)

You are invited to register for the Wikiversity Assembly

 * The Assembly has been established as a technique for developing reports on topics of import for Wikiversity administration. The Assembly is not a decision-making body, per se. Rather, it is designed to create or discover or estimate consensus, through focused, facilitated, thorough deliberation. Assembly reports may be referenced in regular Wikiversity discussions, but will not directly control outcomes. Where full consensus is not found, minority reports may be issued.
 * I invite you to register for the Assembly by adding your user name to the Delegable proxy/Table.

 * Registering for the Assembly creates no specific obligation, but does consent to direct communication as the Assembly may determine is appropriate. You may opt out of such direct communication by adding "no messages" to the Table when you register, in the user comment field, but it is unlikely that the default (communication allowed) will create burdensome traffic for you.

You are invited to name a proxy

 * When you register for the Assembly, you may optionally designate a "proxy."

 * I suggest that you nominate, as a proxy, the user whom you most trust to participate positively in a Wikiversity discussion if you are unable to participate yourself. The proxy will not be voting for you in any process. Rather, the proxy will be considered to loosely represent you, as a means of estimating probable large-scale consensus based on small-scale participation, in the event that you do not personally participate.

 * If you name a proxy, you will be consenting to direct communication with you by that proxy. If a named proxy accepts the proxy, you become, as long as you maintain the nomination (you may change it at any time), the "client" of the proxy, and by accepting, a proxy has consented to direct communication from the client.

 * See Delegable proxy for details.

Comments
I noticed you've been around for a while, without a welcome, and because of your history of contributions, I'm inviting you to register for the Assembly. --Abd 19:53, 11 September 2011 (UTC)

Swahili
Hi! I'm interested in learning Swahili. I started your course and added myself as a student. Keep it up! Kraŭs (talk) 08:34, 2 April 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:WillWell777


text:
User talk:Mysterytrey

 Hello Mysterytrey, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 19:56, 11 September 2011 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Mysterytrey


text:
User:KuduIO/common.js

mw.loader.load('http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:KuduIO/global.js&action=raw&ctype=text/javascript');

title: User:KuduIO/common.js


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User:JaeHaynes/enes100/poppit

Link to team tj2 page

Write problem statement
Is there a particular method of 'chunking' that can be used in order to pop all of the balloons during each attempt at playing the game Poppit?

Assign Task1
Record the number of balloons left after each game of Poppit (using strategy or no strategy). Goal is 200 attempts. Create 3 graphs using the data gathered from the class spreadsheet

Week1 Activities
The number of attempts was 100. Strategy included:

 * 1. Chunking balloons in bunches starting from the higher numbered groupings to the lowest
 * 2. Chunking in quadrants
 * 3. Chunking using color sequences
 * 4. Chunking column by column, first from left to right then right to left
 * 5. No strategy

Three graphs were created...
 * 1. Average (mean) scores of the entire class
 * 2. Average (mean) scores of the participants who played 39 (the median) or less games of Poppit
 * 3. Average (mean) scores of the participants who played 40 or more games of Poppit

Week1 Peer Review
Discussion; Poppit Strategy

Go to each team mates weekly summary wiki page. Read their activities and narrative. Then go the associated discussion page. Say something positive on this page. Try some constructive criticism. Add your name and 1sfoerster 13:32, 28 August 2011 (UTC) to create a time and date stamp. Create a new category if another team mate has already commented here.

title: User:JaeHaynes/enes100/poppit


text:
User talk:Egm6341.f11.team4.allen

 Hello Egm6341.f11.team4.allen, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 23:03, 11 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Egm6341.f11.team4.allen


text:
User talk:Egm6321.f11.team2.wise

 Hello Egm6321.f11.team2.wise, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 23:33, 11 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Egm6321.f11.team2.wise


text:
User talk:JaeHaynes

 Hello JaeHaynes, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

To get started, you may

 * Take a guided tour and learn to edit.
 * Visit a (kind of) random project.
 * Browse Wikiversity, or visit a portal corresponding to your educational level: pre-school, primary, secondary, tertiary, non-formal education.
 * Find out about research activities on Wikiversity.
 * Explore Wikiversity with the links to your left.

 * Read an introduction for teachers and find out how to write an educational resource for Wikiversity.
 * Give feedback about your initial observations
 * Discuss Wikiversity issues or ask questions at the colloquium.
 * Chat with other Wikiversitans on #wikiversity-en.
 * Follow Wikiversity on twitter (http://twitter.com/Wikiversity) and identi.ca (http://identi.ca/group/wikiversity).

You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 23:35, 11 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:JaeHaynes


text:
User:JaeHaynes/enes100

This page is for discussing work done on Poppit for Intro to Engineering and Design. I am a part of team tj2

title: User:JaeHaynes/enes100


text:
User:Alexavent

My name is Alex Avent, I am a 4th year Tourism Management/Sport Management with an Event Management Major. Currently I am undertaking the unit Business, Politics and Sport as a part of my final semester of my undergraduate degree.

Assignments
/BPS 2011 Corporate Sponsorship of Major Sporting Events; an Alternative Marketing Method Essay/

/BPS 2011 Corporate Sponsorship of Major Sporting Events; why its use should it be considered as an alternative marketing method for organisations/

title: User:Alexavent


text:
Wikiversity talk:Assembly/Discussion

Oppose
I oppose this "process" as convoluted, not necessary, and going against everything that makes a Wiki and Wikiversity workable. Ottava Rima (talk) 00:52, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Ottava, I've yet to figure out what the heck this thing is supposed to do, nevermind how it's supposed to do it. Which may or not mean that I agree with you, depending on what the last part of your comment means. --SB_Johnny talk 01:24, 12 September 2011 (UTC)
 * My suggestions: three options:
 * Do nothing. You can always do something later, which includes participating or acting to oppose or shut this down.
 * Try to shut this down. I don't recommend that, but it's up to you. Big waste of time, I'd predict. Saying "Oppose" here probably won't have any effect, but I suppose I could be wrong.
 * Participate. Register as a member of the Assembly, it will take you a minute. Name the user you most trust as a proxy, and then you can forget about it. Total investment: one or two minutes. Unless you decide to do more later. Now, is there anyone you trust? TANSTAAFL. -Abd 05:22, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

As the default Assembly clerk, it's part of my responsibility to assist all users as to what they want to do. Above, I did suggest some options, but I don't know if they are satisfactory, since the user did not respond to the comment. It's certainly possible to formally oppose this whole process without using it, such as by using Community review, but it would probably be more disruptive than simply participating and proposing a "Shutdown the Assembly" topic. Just register for the Assembly, name a proxy if you trust anyone -- that's optional, of course -- and then propose the topic on the Assembly page. You can see one that I proposed there. Your proposal will require a second, or it will eventually be archived. If it's archived, it may be brought back by a user who seconds it. You will be able to clerk your own process, or you may appoint any other registered member of the Assembly to do that. I'll assist.

Instead of proposing a subpage, you may instead propose a plenary motion to adjourn permanently, or to some time in the future. That would not be debatable, and, if seconded, it would go immediately to a Yes/No poll, discussion or amendment would not be allowed. By its very nature, debate and discussion would defeat the purpose of the motion. If this is what you want to do, just put it on the page, at the bottom, and I'll refactor it if needed to request a second and explain that a seconded motion to adjourn is not debatable.

Note: to participate in Assembly process, I'm proposing and will stand for, you must register as a member of the Assembly. This is not standard wiki free-for-all process, but it is, all the same, open to anyone who wishes to participate, following due process. If it is determined that this violates some site policy, as an example, the process -- or parts of it -- would, I'd assume, move off-wiki. It's really about freedom of association, there are some ancient principles involved. I personally prefer it all to be on-wiki for transparency.

What I actually recommend depends on whether or not you want to receive Assembly notifications. If you do, then register. If not, then register, preferably name a proxy, and put "no notices" in the field for that. You would not receive any routine notices in that case. Or ignore the whole thing, if you really think it's a waste of time. Your choice. I suggest not wasting your own time opposing how others want to "waste" theirs.

 * "As the default Assembly clerk" There is no "Assembly" until it is ratified by the community and there is already opposition to it. All processes must be established by consensus, especially when they are in Wikiversity namespace. Ottava Rima (talk) 21:28, 15 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Ottava, my duty as the default clerk is to assist you, if you become a member of the Assembly. I will also assist non-members, as appropriate. The Assembly exists, that's patently obvious. The page location is unimportant. If that's what the community wants, the whole thing could be moved to my user space, or that of any user willing to take responsibility, and the full Assembly concept allows multiple Assemblies (it must, it's a safeguard. but if a single assembly is being well-run, it will be unnecessary.) Yes, there is opposition, none of it formally expressed, with formal support expressed by more users. Care to list who is opposed, and look at Delegable proxy/Table for the support? Actual sign-up. But the Assembly is what I've called, in my work over about three decades, a "Free Association." People can be, and are sometimes, opposed to the creation of such things, but generally don't have the power to prevent it, because of .... freedom of association. Only where people have access to centralized power can they prevent it. Some did prevent such organization on Wikpiedia, see w:WP:Esperanza. If you think the Assembly should not "exist," you can RfD it, but it would be a waste of time. Notice that the Esperanza MfD on Wikipedia, in spite of massive participation, failed to delete. Esperanza, however, shut down, because the members really didn't see the need and how to proceed -- non-disruptively! -- in spite of such opposition.
 * A word about "default clerk." I'm generally following Robert's Rules of Order. A "clerk" is a meeting chair. Organizations are begun, as suggested in those Rules, by a person who calls a meeting, and the person who calls the meeting is the default chair, opens the meeting, and handles initial organizational business. I've done this many times in real life. It's simple, and it's effective. When does the organization exist? You can argue about the moment of birth if you like. Does it really matter?

 * A request. Register as a member of the Assembly! Members of the Assembly may propose that the Assembly shut down or disband. It would be in order, and, if seconded, would allow the formation of an Assembly committee (page!) to prepare a report. If you are the proposer, you would be the default clerk. You'd have a maximum shot at producing an effective report, and you can exclude participants, if you think this would help. By registering as a member, you are supporting, though, the Assembly concept, in a way. But it could be merely to assist the community to shut down what you think of as a problem. Or you can do whatever you like. You can prepare that report all by yourself, and present it. You can ask others to help you in your user space, and you can, there, control who participates and who doesn't. Just follow WV policy, i.e., civility, etc. How about it? --Abd 17:19, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

General discussion
Moved from Assembly page --Abd 17:08, 16 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Am I an assembly member or not? Who decides? --SB_Johnny talk 00:20, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for the question. No, you are not yet an Assembly member, according to the proposed process. You decide. See Assembly/Full_description.

 * Personally, I have reservations about this proposal, but it has potential. Could we start with delegable proxy, and explore the assembly if it succeeds? The proxy idea, on an opt-in basis, seems fine, but I'm not sure about a new forum for discussion. --Draicone (talk) 06:51, 16 September 2011 (UTC)
 * We are starting with Delegable proxy, but Delegable proxy won't mean much to people without an application. The Assembly uses delegable proxy to allow a small number of people discussing to represent a larger number, thus addressing the basic problem of scale in democratic process (which is often cited as a reason why direct democracy cannot work).

 * How would we know if Delegable proxy "succeeds" without an application? There has already been a small demonstration of the power of delegable proxy, in a wiki context, here, yesterday. In assigning a proxy, the "client" has consented to communication from the proxy, that's intrinsic, and very important. I proposed, here, the formation of a committee, effectively, to study and make recommendations about Assembly process, so that what happens here is not just about me and my ideas. But nobody seconded it. Probably because nobody realized that a second was necessary, people are not accustomed to this on a wiki, and aren't necessarily watching. So I notified my clients and I got a second here within, it seemed like, seconds! It was actually 14 minutes.

 * As the Assembly is not a "central control process," it's very safe. If it produces reports that are, in fact, from a biased subset of the WV user base, the reports will simply be a relatively coherent representation of that biased subset, and the only time wasted, if any, would be of those who voluntarily participate. Other users would remain free to ignore the reports, if they think them non-representative. On the other hand, what if the report represents a genuine informed consensus, coherently presented as a report, with documented discussion behind it? A decision based on this would be self-enforcing, that's the power of consensus.

 * Draicone implies that delegable proxy might have other applications. He's correct. For example, we could elect, using this process, a Standing Arbitration Committee that would fully represent the community. I'm not proposing that, it's way premature, in my opinion, but we might elect an Executive Committee that could represent the consent (direct or indirect) of almost every participant, through the practically-perfect proportional representation that delegable proxy makes possible. Maybe. Not my proposal at this time. Let's start with something simpler and see how it works. --Abd 16:32, 16 September 2011 (UTC)

Selection of a clerk and proxy voting
The proposer should not become the clerk. That is not a very sound idea. If I want to write a report and I find one other person that seconds the motion I control the procedure by which decisions for the report are made? I could to that on a sub page of my user page and I wouldn't need the assembly to give me any authority (it doesn't appear to have anyway). I think the assembly should do more to involve people at the beginning, which could for instance be to elect an unbiased clerk. And maybe a proxy voter should have a mechanism for informing his clients about decisions made in their name or at least the upcoming topics of votes? As an enduser of the system one would probably also want the chance to support/withdraw support for specific votings. --Bernhard Fastenrath 14:32, 19 September 2011 (UTC)
 * By the way, it would be ideal if the clerk for a process is not the proposer, but for such to be possible, there would need to be volunteer clerks ready to serve, and acceptable to the participants. I think that some considerable part of the reaction to this proposal thinks of it as a decision-making process, where a proposer would have a conflict of interest. It's not that. It's a method for creating reports on a topic. Only in one area might Assembly reports, as matters exist, be considered authoritative: with respect to Assembly process itself, and even that only under certain restrictions. --Abd 16:31, 16 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks, Fasten. You control the procedure for *your proposal.* Someone else may propose a parallel virtual committee on the same topic. The Assembly page will list both, and a full Assembly report will link to all such parallel reports. We will hold an election for overall clerk at the earliest opportunity. Many details exist in the concept that have not been explained yet. There can be an alternate Assembly if someone thinks that the "Assembly clerk" is doing a poor job. It should be realized that Assembly reports are purely advisory. I can say this: my goal as default clerk is to ensure that it's not necessary to start an alternative Assembly! But if I fail at that, in someone's opinion, it really is no big deal. If I *actually* fail to be fair and impartial, I'll only be shooting myself in the foot.

 * In any case, this question should really be brought up in the current topic on . --Abd 02:05, 30 September 2011 (UTC)

 * There is a wording of the universal formulation of the categorical imperative that translates to: "Act so that through his maxims the will may consider itself at the same time as generally lawgiving." The default clerk in your design is a little bit too generally lawgiving in my opinion. When the individual considers himself to be lawgiving that is amusingly more or less in direct opposition of the meaning of the words, with the highly theoretical exception that every individual was a perfect philosopher. The perspective to consider yourself to be "generally lawgiving" is meant to help you to determine your maxims in such a way that they are suitable to sustain a high ethical standard under different circumstances, not to actually influence anything. (de:Lehrplan:Rechtskunde) --Bernhard Fastenrath 20:01, 11 October 2011 (UTC)
 * That Wikipedia article is about Kant's philosophy, and it establishes a moral principle, which is being followed here, though it must be made clear that I'm establishing a moral imperative only for myself, with the understanding that I'd consent or accept or encourage everyone else to follow the same. Every person has the right to structure and control their own process. The right to determine initial process, by a proposer of a process in an absence of existing structure, is universally respected, and others are properly free to participate or not. The Assembly process as initiated here does not create a unique central domination, unless nobody establishes an independent "center." This page is currently in Wikiversity space, and does create an implication that there is only one "Assembly." If the Assembly process is fairly run, however, there will be no need for additional assemblies, and whether or not any will be created remains to be seen. I am doing, here, as "default clerk," what any Wikiversity user could do. I'll move this to my user space or elsewhere if the community wishes that. I urge other Wikiversity users to either participate in this process, as it is, ignore it, or create their own. --Abd 16:27, 16 October 2011 (UTC)
 * The procedure is flawed, of course. You are trying to assume an office that does have a certain influence. Being a custodian you might, for instance, manage to gain sufficient support to leave any alternate Assembly process with only an insufficiently small group of people to make it worthwhile. There is also no particular reason why the "default clerk" should be you. The usual process would be an election, which you do not consider necessary. In my opinion your undemocratic approach disqualifies your candidacy, even if the Assembly is only an inofficial panel to create non-committal documents.
 * One could also argue that according to the categorical imperative a better approach would be to establish consensus about electing a clerk. If others would follow your example there might be many "default clerks" all trying to establish their own Assemblies. --Bernhard Fastenrath 19:21, 17 October 2011 (UTC)

 * Draicone mentions "a new forum for discussion." If discussion were the goal, the Assembly would not be needed, we already have ample fora for discussion, as such. What is needed is deliberation and the facilitation of consensus. Existing discussion process frequently fails to accomplish that, producing, when there is contention, long pages, with tortuous commentary, that hardly anyone reads. The goal of an Assembly process is a coherent report, or set of reports when a single report is not possible. The Assembly is only an advisory body and does not create new decision-making process. However, if an existing decision-making process is preceded by Assembly consideration, it's more likely to represent a true community consensus. --Abd 16:16, 16 October 2011 (UTC)

summary creation of discussions, ...
I'm not sure yet if I understand all of this concept, since I need to read more, but one thing which I find valuable would be this: As Abd tells above "Existing discussion process frequently fails to accomplish that, producing, when there is contention, long pages, with tortuous commentary, that hardly anyone reads." if the Assembly or another group (name it what you want: summarizers, summary group, ... whatever) would be willing to create periodically summaries that would benefit WV I think, since it helps users to find an easy entry. I remember what my history teacher told once (when comparing subjects):
 * creating summaries
 * History is a good subject for pupils, one can start anytime (again) even if you do not know previous things (like e.g. in math)

And history in my view is just a (biased) summary of past events, Erkan Yilmaz uses the Chat + Identi.ca 11:55, 21 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Full history isn't biased, but in the real world, we cannot report the full history, so we must select, thus we may introduce selection bias even if all the evidence we provide is uncontroversial (in itself). However, the truly interesting question is how to produce unbiased reports. My answer is the same as my response to the issue of neutrality: consensus. We may disagree on some alleged fact, but we may be able to come to agreement on a statement of mutually accepted facts, plus statements of facts on which we disagree. We may report attributed opinions and judgments. Consensus process -- full consensus -- is possible, it's often successful, even if it starts with seemly intractable disputes, if undertaken in good faith. That requires participants willing to take the time to fully express positions, to "listen" carefully to the other side(s), and to agree to what is agreeable. My experience with full consensus process is that it works. I've seen it "fail," but what really happened was that a party bailed. We could speculate about reasons, it could be that it was just too much trouble, or it could be that the process was exposing that certain held and expressed positions were becoming obvious as not being held in good faith, there was a hidden agenda, and the person did not want it revealed. I think that's actually rare, but maybe I've moved mostly in congenial circles.
 * Suppose we collect, on an Assembly process, page, all evidence considered relevant by participants. You might think my evidence is cherry-picked, but, then, you may fill in what I left out. The collection of our work can become a consensus document, showing an agreement that this is all the necessary evidence for this issue, and we agree on it (at least temporarily). That doesn't mean that we might not assert something else later, but that, at least, we can start with some kind of agreement. Then begins the more difficult part, analysis. Indeed, this process without skilled facilitation can be very difficult. Ideally, we would identity skilled facilitators, the best we can find. We really should solicit them. I'm an amateur at this, even though I have some experience (I was successful at this on Wikipedia, strangely enough.)
 * But one device starts with each side expressing their position, then "opposing" participants are tasked with expressing the position of the *other* side, such that the other side can say, "yes, that's what we believe." The point is to, again, start by establishing communication on a deeper level than attempting to agree on conclusions, and arguing about them, which is really backwards. If we don't share the same assumptions, of course we may not agree on conclusions! What are the underlying assumptions on which we differ? Could you, perhaps, recognize that, if you held the same assumptions as I, you'd agree with me? Again, this extends and deepens consensus, making visible where we might actually disagree.
 * And then we might go even deeper, and identify the basic assumptions that we share, and find a way to formulate new possibilities on which we can agree, which may bring us to conclusions that unite us instead of dividing us. The result of this can be highly satisfying, but it's very difficult to do with large groups, hence the Assembly process is designed to break the process down to small groups, and, as you will see, some back-and-forth over time. A clerk who does a decent job will prepare consensus reports that will be accepted. By design. And the result will be a better-informed community and better-informed decision-making process. There is a reason why the Assembly is not a decision-making body. It's advisory. If you want the political theory, look to Montesquieu, it's the independence of the judiciary vs. the executive.--Abd 00:27, 12 November 2011 (UTC)
 * Delegable proxy, however, adds a new dimension, because DP sets up a communications hierarchy. That won't be visible immediately, but a proxy/client relationship is a consent to mutual direct communication, based on a relationship of trust. In a situation like Wikiversity, power remains with the individual users, but certain individuals can sometimes exert inequitable power, because of the phenomena of participation bias. Delegable proxy allows the observation of this (merely as an estimation), but also sets up ways to test true consensus. I'm certainly not describing the full theory. There is only a little real-life testing of this, so far. It's designed, though, in theory, to be fail-safe. Again, that's partly because the proxies have no intrinsic authority. They are simply nodes in a communications network. --Abd 00:27, 12 November 2011 (UTC)

not linked page from anywhere

 * User talk:Abd/Assembly process, Erkan Yilmaz uses the Chat + Identi.ca 13:40, 21 October 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks. That's the talk page for User:Abd/Assembly process. --Abd 00:01, 12 November 2011 (UTC)

title: Wikiversity talk:Assembly/Discussion


text:
User:Tdaniel

= About Tara Daniel =

I currently reside in Canberra, ACT where I am studying a sports media/law degree. I grew up in Sydney, NSW where I completed my schooling and I still return home quite often. I enjoy snowboarding over the winter months and participate in surfboat rowing over summer during my uni break. In my spare time I work as a group fitness instructor and a gymnastics coach. Life is good.

/The Changing Nature of Winter Sports in Australia/

title: User:Tdaniel


text:
User:Alexavent/BPS 2011 Corporate Sponsorship of Major Sporting Events; an Alternative Marketing Method

Corporate sport sponsorship is one of many promotional tools used by marketers to sell goods and services. The article Corporate Sponsorship of Major Sporting Events; an Alternative Marketing Method assesses the current involvement of corporate sponsors in major sporting events, with particular focus on the benefits of using sponsorship as an alternative marketing method in promoting an organisation. Discussion relating to this issue will involve both national and international case study examples of events and organisations, supported by academic research.

Using sponsorship as a ‘non-traditional’ promotional tool and creating a positive event-sponsor ‘fit’ and image provide the introductory section to the corporate sponsorship discussion. Further explanation into corporate sponsorship of major sporting events is supported by evidence relating to brand awareness, exposure, sales and revenue for the sporting event. Key case study examples of Coca-Cola, Qantas and ActewAGL have been identified to support the findings in this section of the article.

Corporate sponsorship can range from the support of international events such as the Olympic Games, to local and regional events. It can take the form of ‘on site’ or field sponsorship, or televised broadcast sponsorship (Kuzma and Kuzma, 2009). Sponsorship packages are generally fixed with predetermined benefits or tailored to suit the sponsor’s requirements. The use of sponsorship as a method of marketing an organisation is increasing i popularity. The aim of this article is to provide an outline of the current situation in which corporate sponsorship of major sporting events exists, and the aspects that influence its development as an alternative marketing method.

Introduction
A significant amount of academic research has been conducted into the economic contributions of corporate sponsorship of major sporting events; however the benefits and issues associated with using corporate sponsorship as a promotional tool are yet to be notably defined. The use of sponsorship as an alternative marketing method has increased in both the commercial and social marketing areas (Jalleh, Donovan, Giles-Corti, D’Arcy & Holman, 2002). Issues presented in this article relate to how sponsorship is used to market an organisation, the difference between a high and low event-sponsor fit and the benefits and disadvantages associated with each. Additionally how a sponsor can improve its brand awareness, exposure, sales and revenue through consumer recognition of the brand is outlined. Corporate sponsorship is increasing as it assists in the development of corporate-social responsibility within an organisation. Sponsorship is similar to promotion and advertising in that it can be used to communicate an organisations brand or image to a specifically identified audience.

A Non-Traditional Promotional Technique
The division of traditional mass marketing and mass media techniques, along with the overall decrease in the efficiency of traditional promotional techniques has resulted in many organisations needing to find alternative methods of promoting products and services (Kuzma et al. 2009). Advertising is generally used as the main type of promotion for an organisations product or service, advertising occurs when there is paid communication of a brand image or corporate message that is controlled by an advertiser and linked specifically to a relevant organisation or brand (Kuzma et al. 2009). Traditional techniques used in promotion are online advertising, print media (flyers, posters, newspapers), direct marketing (newsletters), public relations (media alerts and press releases) and sales promotions (competitions, vouchers and discounts) (Slide Share, 2008). The use of sponsorship as a non traditional promotional technique has enabled companies to engage in a combination of these traditional methods on a larger scale at one time.

Sponsorship is defined as being a monetary or in-kind support made to an organisation in return for access to the commercial potential and promotional material that is associated with that organisation, or included in the program or event (Jalleh et al. 2002; Kuzma et al. 2009). Sponsorship is used as a marketing method in order to achieve identified commercial objectives. Corporate sponsorship as is being discussed throughout this article is the monetary or in-kind support provided to an event by an organisation with the intent of achieving identified promotional and/or marketing objectives (Kuzma et al. 2009). A corporate sponsor aims to generate positive feelings for the consumer so that the sponsored event will become linked with the organisation (Mason, 2005).

Both advertising and sponsorship aim to increase the salience of the organisation or message (Jalleh et al. 2002:35). In recent years there has been a growth in the use of sponsorship as a promotional method due to the increasing costs of media exposure and other promotions. Sponsorship is seen as a cost-effect option in terms of delivering media exposure of the organisations brand image or corporate message (Jalleh et al. 2002).

The use of sponsorship to promote a product or services demonstrates the corporate social responsibility of an organisation, this responsibility has a positive effect on target groups associated with the organisation such as current and potential employees, distributors, members of the community, politicians and additional stakeholders (Jalleh et al. 2002; Kuzma et al. 2009). Sponsorship affects the attitudes of an organisations consumer by generating a positive image or feelings that are associated with the event, or creating feelings of familiarity with the event or organisation.

Creating an Image; the Event-Sponsor Fit
Corporate sporting event sponsorship has become increasingly popular (Mason, 2005:32) in recent years, with the importance of sourcing sponsorship at major sporting events growing. In many cases it is crucial that corporate sponsorship be obtained, without the support many events would not occur. In order for an organisation to support a major sporting event as a corporate sponsor it is important that there is a strong ‘fit’. This fit is defined by Becker-Olsen and Hill (2006) as being the strategic match between a sponsoring organisation and the sponsored service; in this case the major sporting event, in the mission, target audience and corporate values.

Event organisers need to be aware of the event-sponsor fit between the event and potential corporate sponsors. Often a natural fit between organisations may occur (Jalleh et al. 2002), however, if this fit is not obvious it may need to be interpreted to ensure that the sponsorship arrangement is suitable. Not only does a sponsorship arrangement benefit both organisations involved, it also enables a positive association to be formed between the consumers of the event and the sponsoring organisations product (Mason, 2005).

Creating an image of the positive relationship between organisations is essential as sponsors will aim to build relationships with the sponsored organisation in the form of team support, sponsor receptiveness and sponsor integrity (Smith, Graetz & Westerbeek, 2008). In order to develop the compatibility between the organisations the sponsor may show significant interest in the local community or provide financial support for smaller events, both of which will assist in enhancing the sponsor’s integrity.

High Fit
As has been previously identified sponsorship is similar to advertising however in relation to exposure of a brand to potential consumers sponsorship operates though a different cognitive process to that of advertising (Mason, 2005). When a corporate sponsor and an event have a high or strong fit the consumer will experience cognitive consistency and respond positively to the brand that has been presented. As a result this process will have a positive influence on the consumer and the brands identity, meaning, response and relationship (Becker-Olsen et al. 2006).

Low Fit
A low or weak fit between a sponsoring organisation and the event will result in the consumer experiencing cognitive inconsistency which will as a result negatively impact their response to the brand. A low fitting sponsorship arrangement may alter the sponsors brand management strategies by negatively affecting brand identity, meaning, response and relationship (Becker-Olsen et al. 2006). As a result this may cause both organisations to be negatively impacted upon in the form of consumer responsiveness.

The Olympic Games and Coca-Cola Company

Since 1984 when the Olympic Games were hosted in Los Angeles there has been significant growth in corporate sponsorship, and as a result it is now an important source of income for any host city (Horne, 2007). The Olympic Games are the pinnacle of mega sporting events and the strategic appeal of the event to corporate sponsors relates directly to the size of television audiences viewing the event. There are an incredible number of promotional opportunities generated by the games, and organisations from across the world offer millions of dollars in order to provide support to the hosting Olympic Committee (Horne, 2007). A prime example of a high event-sponsor fit is that of the Olympic Games and the Coca-Cola Company. The Coca-Cola Company is proud to have a long history of sponsoring major events, organisations and projects around the world (Coca-Cola Company, 2011). The company is the longest continuous corporate sponsor of the Olympic Games, having provided support since the 1928 Amsterdam Olympic Games. The Coca-Cola Company and the Olympic Games have a high event-sponsor fit because Coca-Cola Company shares in the values of the Olympic Games (Coca-Cola Company, 2011).

How Corporate Sponsorship is used to improve a brand
When corporate sponsorship is coordinated through the correct avenues it can be more effective than traditional advertising or other promotional methods according to (Smith et al. 2008). Corporate sponsorship is firstly sourced from a; consumer, financial institution, government, community or an employee of the targeted organisation (Kuzma et al. 2009). Then through the identification of trading and communication objectives corporate sponsors look to create a return on the investment that has been made through the sponsorship.

Improving Awareness
Increasing the awareness of an organisation through corporate sponsorship occurs in order to; improve an organisations image, demonstrate corporate social responsibility, increase awareness of a product or services image, provide the consumer with a form of entertainment, increase sales revenue and maintain employee pride and motivation within the organisation (Kuzma et al. 2009). Overall corporate sponsorship allows marketers to create an interactive form of communication that will result in a stronger connection with the consumer.

Attitude of the Consumer
The key to successful sponsorships is the mutual understanding by both the corporate sponsor and event organiser of how consumer attitudes are formed and change (Jalleh et al. 2002). The overall goal of most corporate sponsorships is to completely change the attitudes of consumers, and as a result create positive consumer behaviour. Unfortunately in recent times marketers have had difficulties with assessing the overall effects and benefits that corporate sponsorship at sporting events has on consumer behaviour (Jalleh et al. 2002).

Qantas
Qantas is the naming rights corporate sponsor of the Australian Rugby Union, and the official airline of the Qantas Wallabies (Qantas Airways, 2011). Additionally Qantas provides corporate sponsorship to the Football Federation of Australia (FFA) and is the official partner and air transport provider to the Qantas Socceroos, the FFA employees and Hyundai A-League teams. Qantas continues to support the sport of Formula 1 in Australia and has been a supporter of the Australian Grand Prix since 1985. The company is now the Premier Partner of the 2011 event. Finally Qantas has been a proud partner of the Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) for over 40 years, transporting Australia’s Olympic and Paralympics teams to the Olympic Games in both 2008 and 2010, and will carry the team to the 2012 Olympic Games in London (Qantas Airways, 2011).

ActewAGL

ActewAGL are a Canberra, Australia based organisation that are renowned within the community for supporting local sporting teams and events. Included in the events that ActewAGL provide financial support for are; the Women’s Golf Classic, Sydney Swans games at Manuka Oval and the annual Canberra Times Fun Run which ActewAGL has supported for over 10 years (ActewAGL, 2011).

In addition to providing annual financial support for sporting events, the employees of ActewAGL invest time, resources and expertise in organising and working at these events. They drive additional sponsorship and fundraising campaigns as well as generating publicity for both the ActewAGL brand and the sporting event (ActewAGL, 2011).

Conclusion
The use of corporate sponsorship has become an enormous promotional tool for many organisations and is often provides the backbone to ensuring that a major sporting event is successful. Throughout this article the issues of event-sponsor fit, improving brand awareness, exposure, sales, and revenue and consumer attitudes through brand recognition have been presented. Through the findings presented in this article it is evident that many major sporting events would not occur without the support of corporate sponsors.


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User:Tmcfarland

I am currently studying Studying Business, politics and sport at the University of Canberra.

Assignments

 * /Business and Politics of the IRB and Rugby Union in Australia and internationally/

title: User:Tmcfarland


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User:Tmcfarland/Business and Politics of the IRB and Rugby Union in Australia and internationally

Rugby Union is a highly popular sport in Australia as well as internationally. The IRB (International Rugby Board) is the main power and decision maker for international rugby. It deals with many political issues when policing the sport. As a business in Australia the sport is run through the ARU (The Australian Rugby Union). The Australian brand of rugby can be seen as the wallabies and it is nationally of much interest. The ARU is also involved in the politics of Rugby Union in Australia, it over see’s all state’s and territories respective Rugby Boards as well as planning nationally for Rugby. It also represents Australian Rugby internationally and works with the IRB when dealing with politics in Rugby Union as the IRB is seen as the leading Authority in international rugby.

In my essay I will talk about how the sport is being controlled and governed. The IRB and criticism of its decisions in recent times will be discussed as there has been much debate on the political side of the sport. I will also discuss the way politics play a role in Rugby Union internationally for example where countries relationships outside of the sport play an influencing role in the way they interact in Rugby Union itself e.g. Fiji and Australia. The structure and the way ARU controls rugby union in Australia will also be mentioned.

I believe the topic of Business and Politics of the IRB and Rugby Union is an interesting topic and I hope to cover it and give more depth on the situation in my essay.

Introduction
Rugby Union is a sport played worldwide with coverage internationally. The game itself has evolved from being a fun run around game for mates at the park to a successful sport generating revenue and interest all over the world. As the game has grown so have Political issues that continue to affect the way the sport is being policed. The influence of money has also changed the game with sponsors and the like becoming an important part of the sport. It’s pinnacle event the Rugby World Cup is held every four years in a different location each time and it's the 3rd biggest worldwide sporting event behind the Soccer World Cup and the Olympics. The International Rugby Board known as the IRB is the body that controls all international rugby and it is the main authority in rugby.

Rugby Union in Australia
In Australia the national team ‘the wallabies’ have reached success with the team generally ranked in the top 3 nations in the world and currently ranked 2nd behind New Zealand. The Australian Rugby Union known as the ARU is the Board for Australian Rugby controlling everything at a national level and helping other state union’s out within Australia. The ARU hold a good relationship with close rivals New Zealand and South Africa who have formed SANZAR that acts on behalf of the three nations.

'The Australian Rugby union is proud of its association with its member unions encompassing each state and territory in Australia'. Through these relationships the ARU is able to provide a strong and united front for Australian rugby.

The member unions include

- Australian Capital Territory Rugby Union

- New South Wales Rugby Union

- Queensland Rugby Union

- South Australia Rugby Union

- Tasmanian Rugby Union

- Vicorian Rugby Union

- Western Australia Rugby Union

The ARU has a partnership with Australia's iconic airline Qantas which helps provide finances that assist the ARU in running and expanding the game of rugby union in Australia. Qantas is the official main sponsor and naming rights sponsor of the national team the Wallabies. The ARU has to have a business approach when it comes to money as without one there is the possibility that the needed funding as well as popularity, support and players can all dissolve and leave. Rugby Union faces challenges from other sports in Australia for popularity so it places an expectation on standards of the national team and provinces to achieve. The ARU has broadcast partners in channel 7 and Fox Sports Australia which helps the game being aired throughout Australia. Establishing a strong broadcast partnership is key as good coverage of the sport is paramount for success financially as more coverage will always attract more sponsors. Support and the fan base are given the best chance possible to grow with more coverage. The ARU was able to expand and enter another team into the super 15 tournament which is the premier rugby competition in the world controlled by SANZAR. The Melbourne Rebels were added to the tournament containing states and provinces from New Zealand, South Africa and Australia. It was a big move from the ARU as sport in Victoria is dominated by AFL. A surplus for the ARU occured in 2010 with 'Total revenue including net financing income was $76.9m up 6% on the 2009 position and Total expenditure including allocations was $75.9m up.5% on the 2009 position.

IRB controversies, Political issues and Business attitude
The IRB is expected to make more than $300 million from the Rugby World Cup held in New Zealand while New Zealand is expected to make a $39 million loss. It is a big surprise in the difference of those figures. You would think New Zealand would make a profit from the event but that is definitely not the case. New Zealand more or less held the World Cup for its people, the fans and it's love of rugby. The IRB makes a significant amount of money and really should help New Zealand out and reward them for holding the tournament.

The 2011 Rugby world cup was filled with controversy surrounding the IRB.

- England center Manu Tuilagi was fined $10,000 for wearing a mouth guard that had a sponsor on it that was not authorised by the IRB. It was a crazy over reaction by the rulers of world rugby. His brother Alesana Tuilagi who played on the wing for Samoa was fined $10,000 a couple days earlier for the same breach. A fine of that price for simply wearing a mouth guard that was not authorized by the IRB is ridiculous and it paints a picture that the IRB is only after money and looking after itself business wise.

- Johnny Wilkinson in England’s victory over Romania during pool stages took a conversion kick with a different ball then the original ball he was given to take the kick with. Staff of the England team threw away the original ball he was to kick with after Johnny wasn’t happy with the ball as he was kicking below average in previous kicks that night. The act was against the rules of the game and the IRB only warned England who eventually suspended the staff for 1 game although no fines or suspensions were handed out by the IRB. The main point out of this breach of rules was that England being a ‘tier 1’ nation was only warned. Many people debated that if it was a ‘tier 2’ nation there would have been more significant penalties imposed.

- Scheduling of the tournament by the IRB came under much criticism with ‘minnow nations’ such as Samoa, Canada, Tonga and Namibia all having to play 2 games within 7 days where as top nations such as New Zealand, England, South Africa and Australia all played 1 game every 7 days. The outcry was huge especially from Samoa who pushed South Africa all the way till the end narrowly being defeated 13-5 despite only having half a week to prepare for the game in comparison to South Africa who had had a whole week. Samoan staff and captain Mahonri Schwalger suggested that political reasons were influencing the IRB in making such schedules. Samoa gained support from many Rugby fans over the issues and the IRB has since ruled that the 2015 Rugby world cup in England will see all nations play mid-week games not just the smaller nations.

- The victims of the September 11 terrorist attacks in America were recognised on the anniversary of the attacks with a moment of silence before the USA played Ireland. The Japanese and New Zealand natural disasters were also respected with a moment silence before they played. Samoa who had its worst natural disaster a tsunami that claimed 143 lives did not have the tragedy recognised before their game on the anniversary of it. No moment of silence was put in place by the IRB before they started their match to respect those that lost their lives.

Eliota Fuimaono-Sapolu
Samoan center Eliota Fuimaono-Sapolu created headlines all over the world after his 'tweets' on social network site twitter alleged that the IRB was not treating his team Samoa fairly. Referring to the schedule of games his team was given, he compared it to 'slavery' and the 'Holocaust' after the Samoan national team was forced to play 2 games in 4 days with the second having a huge bearing on the future of the team in the world cup. After his team's narrow loss to South Africa he then went on to tweet that Welsh Referee Nigel Owen was 'racist' and biased in his refereeing. He also made it known that he believed some of Owen's decisions were influenced as the IRB stood to gain more from South Africa and Wales remaining in the tournament than Samoa as the loser of the game was to be knocked out.

He tweeted the following in regards to his thoughts on the IRB:

-"IRB stop exploiting my people. Please, all we ask, is fairness. If they get a week, give us a week. Simple. equality, justice," as well as 'wonder how would these Tier One teams function after only three days rest. Hey IRB. Suspend me but give Wales three days off and give Samoa a week! We would kill them!'.

-"You can't get punished for speaking out against injustice. That would be unjust. Anyone can tackle a man. Try tackling injustice"

-"Ok, it's obvious the IRB are unjust. Wales get 7 days, we get 3. Unfair treatment, like slavery, like the holocaust, like apartheid"

Samoan officials tried to distance themselves from the comments and apologised on behalf of the Samoan national team and Eliota Fuimaono-Sapolu to the IRB fearing they too would face penalties. Fuimaono-Sapolu faced a hearing to determine his penalty after samoa's last game against South Africa. After the hearing concluded with IRB board members regarding his penalty and playing future Fuimaono-Sapolu talked to media about Rugby and the political issues it faces when he stated “It is the most beautiful sport in the world…For me it’s a beautiful sport that unfortunately has so many issues to be sorted out for it to be truly a democratic sport. I don’t feel like playing rugby anymore.”. Eliota Fuimaono-Sapolu was the first player to stand up to the IRB and create such coverage on the handling of it. He is the first player to bring so much coverage to the political side of Rugby Union with many other nations now supporting that the gap between tier 1 and tier 2 nations be no more.

Country relations
Australia and New Zealand hold a close relationship as they are neighbours and have many trade agreements and the like. Their relationship helps them develop strong ties through sport and rugby union. Just as the pacific nations Samoa, Tonga and Fiji all hold close ties that allow them to help each other out in terms of test match rugby and developing rugby. Outside of rugby Australia and New Zealand act as a big brother to the island nations. In the case of Fiji, both nations New Zealand and Australia are striving for a democracy in Fiji as the head of the military Frank Bainimarama is the current prime minister but not from an election. Dates for an election are always changing with a goal around 2013, 2014 being set. In response to this New Zealand and Australia have put restrictions on Fijians with ties to the military. Anyone who works for the military or with family ties to the military is banned from entering Australia and New Zealand. With Fiji being one of the rugby nations known worldwide for their style of rugby it became interesting when some members of their national team also worked in the military. Such as second rower Leone Nakarawa who became the topic of much interest after Fiji picked him in their 30man squad to take to New Zealand for the world cup. Fiji ruled out many other military players but went to much effort to take Leone. The IRB tried to convince New Zealand to ease its policy but in the end it came down to New Zealand as it is the country hosting the event and controlling who comes into the country. This forced Leone Nakarawa to quit the military and then be allowed in the country to take part in the world cup and play for Fiji.

Conclusion
The IRB faces many issues in the near future that are both political and business orientated. The 2011 Rugby World Cup not only pointed many of them out but gave the rugby public knowledge and opinion on how the game is being run and administrated. The IRB also faces a tough time financially with dividing money for nations not being easy as many nations are crying out for more revenue to try and develop and expand the game of rugby union in their country. Australia continues to do well and is looking towards a surplus in 2011 despite big investments in the world cup. It's semi final with New Zealand broke all records on pay TV Australia on foxtel with a record amount of viewers. Challenges to provide finances to states such as Victoria and western Australia will continue to be a challenge. The sport of Rugby Union continues to grow in Australia with junior playing numbers up 3.7% nationally as well as NSW juniors up 7% to 20,708 a record number. The rugby world cup in New Zealand generated huge revenue for the IRB but left New Zealand in a deficit. This is an area the IRB will need to address by the time England hosts the 2015 tournament. Political issues will always be a problem for the IRB as many nations are not as fortunate as 'tier 1' nations with the training facilities, academies and payments it can provide players with but that in a way is the beauty of the game. A team from the islands with not much money can compete with a team like Australia with the best facilities and professional players, like Samoa when they beat Australia earlier in the year. Rugby union is one of the most beautiful sports in the world and we as the rugby public and the IRB need to focus on the sport itself rather than political side of it and just treat all nations equally.

Presentation
http://www.archive.org/embed/TmcfarlandbusinessAndPoliticsOfTheIrbAndRugbyUnionInAustraliaAnd


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User:Honda97

الصفحة الرئيسية Hlavní strana Hauptseite Κύρια Σελίδα Portada Etusivu Accueil Pagina principale メインページ Página_principal Заглавная_страница Huvudsida

title: User:Honda97


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User:Honda97/enes100

This is where I will put my individual documentation for this page of all projects for ENES-100 Fall 2011 class. I never played Poppit before but I will get to know the game and get used to it. I am still thinking of what to.

title: User:Honda97/enes100


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User:Tdaniel/The Changing Nature of Winter Sports in Australia

Presentation

The snow sports industry in Australia is predominantly regarded as recreational. For most people, skiing and snowboarding is no more than an adventure holiday enjoyed for a few days a year. However, Australia is fortunate to can claim two Winter Olympic Champions from the 2010 Games and four world champions this year alone.

Furthermore, Australia is beginning to grow a world-class reputation in 'freestyle' winter sports. This is a more contemporary form of skiing and snowboarding that branches away from the traditional competitive styles such as downhill racing and jumping. Rather, athletes perform acrobatic skills awarded on execution.

Fortunately, the International Olympic Committee announced in July that the 2014 Winter Olympic Games will include eight new sports which will include slopestyle events for both skiiers and boarders. These additions could help place Australia in its best ever medal position. Last year Australia placed 13th in the overall medal tally: the highest ranked finish at any Winter Olympic Games. This was with a total of three medals.

This article will examine the changing nature of winter sports in Australia with a history dating back to the mid 1800s. Since then, nine olympic medals have been claimed by Australians. Last year, Australia's two gold medals were both in freestyle events. This opens up issues such as the direction of funding, athlete development, coaching and access to training facilities. With less than three years until the 2014 Winter Olympics, the Australian Olympic Committee with the Olympic Winter Institute of Australia need to consider these changes to winter sports in order to allow our athletes the best chance to compete.

Introduction
Australia is a country regarded more for its beaches, sunshine and droughts. However, Australia is also home to ten ski resorts. These areas experience seasonal fluctuations in visitors during their short season of up to three months. For some winter athletes, these ski resorts may have been the introduction to their chosen sport. Australian winter athletes are beginning to grow a reputation in freestyle sports, which includes aerial skiing, mogul skiing, halfpipe and slopestyle events. Australia has recently celebrated two Olympic Champions and four world champions. It is now up to sporting institutions, such as the Olympic WInter Institute as well as government organisations, such as the Australian Olympic Committee, to nurture and continue to grow on the talent. The International Olympic has also recently accepted slopestyle and halfpipe skiing into the 2014 Winter Olympics. Australia's best ever medal position is now at stake and changes are likely to be made to programs including, funding, athlete development, coaching and access to training facilities. These developments at the competitive level, is also likely to affect local ski resorts, communities and snow enthusiasts who support the tourism industry.

History of Australia's snow industry
Skiing in Australia began in 1859 in Kiandra, Snowy Mountains of New South Wales.

The discovery of gold brought 15 000 miners from all over the world to the area. During the winter of 1860 Scandinavian miners introduced snow shoeing (skiing) to Australia.

It was from here that the world of snowsports in Australia began its journey to what is today a multi billion-dollar industry.

In the 1870s the Kiandra Snow Show Club was formed: the first and oldest ski club in the world. Every July the club held a snow-shoe carnival. The inaugural event marked the world’s first ever ski competition.

In the 1890’s, the New South Wales Alpine Club was formed. Inter club competitions began when eight members visited Kiandra for the annual snow-shoe carnival.

The NSW Government showed its recognition of skiing when in 1909 they funded the building of Hotel Kosciusko.

Following WWI, Australians began travelling to Europe for ski vacations and returning home with new skills and enthusiasm. Vice versa, skiers from overseas came to Australia, bringing with them new equipment and technology.

The Chalet at Charlotte’s Pass opened in May 1930. International skiers visiting the area introduced ski jumping and slalom racing.

During this period, the Ski Council of NSW was formed to administer the sport of skiing. This was an important step in developing the sport from a recreational hobby to a competitive exercise.

Following World War II, Governments relaxed restrictions on building within National Park boundaries and new roads allowed access into remote areas. Resorts continued to develop with rope tows, T-bars and chairlifts being built during the early 1960s. From then, the early days were past and gone, and Australia’s mountain resorts were under way.

The Contemporary Mountain
Today ski resorts are shared by both an abundance of skiers and snowboarders. However, snowboards did not appear in Australia until 1987 at the Victorian resort of Mount Buller. Since then snowboarding has progressively grown as a sport across the country’s resorts.

With the influence of America, terrain parks began to appear in Australia. These areas of the mountain contained features that allowed skiers and snowboarders to perform tricks. Terrain parks have their roots in skate parks and many of the features are common to both. This includes, rails, jumps and half pipe features. As a result a new area of snowsports has opened up, often referred to as ‘freestyle’ skiing and boarding.

Australia's Winter Athletes
Australia first competed in the 1936 Winter Olympics with just one representative. It wasn’t until 1994 when Australia won their first Winter Olympic medal: bronze in short track relay team. Since then, Australia has progressively improved their position on the medal tally.

Australia’s improving performances can be linked to the establishment of the Olympic Winter Institute of Australia (OWI). The Institute was established by the Australian Olympic Committee (AOC) and the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). following the 1998 Nagano Winter Olympics. At the Games Australia celebrated their first individual medal when Zali Steggall won bronze in the women’s alpine slalom.

The OWI was set up to enable the development of elite performances in winter sports by Australian athletes. This was to be achieved through the provision of adequate funding, world-class sports programming and technical coaching.

During the first year of operation the OWI sport program consisted of aerial skiing, alpine skiing and mogul skiing. Immediately international results increased to include two world champions and five individual world cup medals.

Today, the OWI provides sport program opportunities for approximately 30 athletes across seven winter sport disciplines. The sports includes: alpine skiing, mogul skiing, aerial skiing, snowboard, short track speed skating, skeleton and figure skating.

With the recent introduction of a number of freestyle events to the 2014 Winter Olympics, the number of athletes in the OWI programs is likely to increase. This year Australia has celebrated four world champions in freestyle events: Holly Crawford, Nathan Johnstone, Alex Pullin and Anna Segal.

The newly introduced Winter Olympic events will include slopestyle skiing, slopestyle snowboarding and halfpipe skiing. The International Olympic Committee’s (IOC) decision recognises the millions of youths who are already participating in the sport in terrain parks around the world.

Development of our Athletes
Currently a number of opportunities exist for Australia’s winter athletes to compete at national and international level. However, these avenues can be exclusive and restricted to athletes and their families that are willing to dedicate time and money for private coaching, training camps, equipment and travelling costs. This section will look at the pathways opened to winter athletes at varying levels of competition. Pathways in snowsports

Talent Identification
One of the aims of the OWI is to ‘develop and prepare elite Australian athletes for their participation in Olympic Winter Games…’. One of the issues for the OWI is finding these athletes. Many of the sports at the Winter Olympics have a culture and history which can be more closely linked with European countries. For many Australians there is little to no opportunity to train and compete in some of the more traditional events.

The OWI has overcome this issue by partnering with the AIS and ASC to run talent identification camps that focus on former sport athletes. This has been successful in the winter sport of skeleton. Emma Licoln-Smith, a former beach sprint champion was able to transfer her power and skills to finish tenth at the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. The talent identification program has also proved its success in aerial skiing. The program restricts itself to gymnasts who have formerly competed at elite level but who are looking at transferring their skills onto snow. Currently, the OWI only has a women’s program but it is regarded as one of the best in the world. At the last three Olympics, Australia has had podium finishes: in 2002 and 2010 receiving the gold medal.

Winter Sports Clubs
One of the major pathways that open up young athletes to the elite stream of competition is through competitive sport clubs which are offered at most ski resorts.

Perisher's Winter Sports Club (WSC) conducts a variety of season long programs specially designed for athletes to develop and progress their snow riding skills. The WSC’s program is tailored for juniors from 8 years old to 14 years and over. To be critical of the program, accessibility is difficult once a child reaches 14 years of age. The WSC is primarily focused on training athletes from a young age and having full control of their development in the sport.

Also, the WSC is an expensive program making it exclusive to families with a high disposable income and who are willing to commit their time. This factor is of particular concern, as it allows for only the wealthier children to participate and may exclude those with talent. On a positive note, the program offers highly qualified coaches from Australia and around the world as well the opportunity for athletes to compete in National competitions and participate in overseas training camps during the summer. Other clubs in Australia include: Falls Creek Race Club, Mt Buller Race Club, Team Buller and Thredbo Race Club.

National Competitions
Over the winter season, a number of national events are offered to winter athletes. It is not a requirement to compete under a winter sport club or team, however the riding ability often requires a high to an elite level of skill.

There are a number of events opened just for younger riders. These tend to be linked to Winter sport clubs and difficult for lower level juniors to enter without being part of a program. These events include: Teenage rampage Australian junior series, Australian Rookie fest, Junior National Mogul Championships and Interschools.

Events such as Thredbo Freeride Series and Perisher Night Slopestyle Series includes both the juniors and professional riders. It is a display of the diversity and depth that Australian freestyle riding has developed over the seasons.

Overseas athletes
Freestyle riding has its roots overseas where it continues to progress. Most Australian riders therefore spend their summers at American and European resorts to continue to work on their skills. Younger riders will attend training camps conducted by professional Australian or international coaches and riders.

Some athletes in particular sports will continue living overseas all year round. For example aerial skiers spend 10 months a year overseas in order to use facilities such as structured water jumps and progressive on snow jumps that are not available in Australia.

Similarly, Olympic Champion, Torah Bright, began spending 6-months a year overseas by the age of 14. Today, she bases herself in Salt Lake City, Utah where she trains and lives with her American husband and pro snowboarder Jake Welch.

Tourism and the Local Community
Tourism is a key contributor to the Snowy Mountains region. Every year the area experiences an influx of visitors and workers during the snow season. This places an increased pressure on the local community and businesses who annually experience the highs and lows that come with being a seasonal tourist destination.

The Tourism Industry
The tourism industry is important to snowsports as it helps to support the economy by providing profit to local businesses and ski resorts. A high turnover can result in increased expenditure placed back into maintaining the region such as improving accommodation and resort facilities. Also, the more people introduced to skiing and snowboarding, increases the interest and possible competitive nature of the sport. The issues preventing the area from sustaining an economically viable tourism industry year round is linked with maintaining a permanent labour force in the region, investing in tourism infrastructure and improving transport access.

The Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism recently conducted a visitor survey to help effectively increase the year-round contribution of tourism to the local economy. Of the 1,200 people surveyed, only 38% cited an interest in skiing. This was found to be as a result of the region not being ‘top of the mind as a domestic tourism destination’ and having a ‘limited knowledge of the area.’ The region was also perceived as not offering good value for money, being expensive and difficult to organise a trip to the region.

Perisher have responded to the marketing aspect of tourism by including 2010 Olympic Gold medallist, Torah Bright to become the Resorts Ambassador. Torah is now the face of Perisher in advertising and promotional campagains, representing the resort where she first started snowboarding and where she developed as an athlete. This strategy is likely to attract a diverse range of people as well as promote the resort at an international scale.

The Departments survey also found that the region’s main competitors with regard to skiing were identified as New Zealand and Japan. This has resulted in Perisher and Thredbo ski resorts reducing their ticket prices for next season by 50 per cent. The ABC reported that the offer by the two resorts is ‘designed to stimulate demand and counter pressure from overseas ski fields. Furthermore, ‘the resorts want to grow the market and help boost businesses throughout the region.’

Sustainable Tourism
The Snowy Mountains, as well as its ski resorts, is also regarded for its scenery, landscapes, and lakes. The region’s natural environment is the one of the main contributing factors as to tourists visiting the area. The challenge is to ensure that the industry is managed to prevent the loss of the natural and cultural values of the area. The Snowy Mountains must develop a strong commitment to sustainable tourism in order to minimise impact on the natural environment while generating income and employment. The NSW Government has released a Strategic plan to help promote sustainability in the Snowy Mountains region.

Global Warming
Global warming is one of the biggest concerns in respect to Australia’s snow seasons. Global Warming will disturb the snow cover, affect the ski industry as well as harm native species. In the Snowy Mountains alpine area, snow depth has decreased by approximately 10% and spring snow depth has declined by 40% over the last 40 years. Snow-depth Chart (1971-2010)

Local resorts have responded to this by installing millions of dollars worth of snow making equipment to help with snow cover over their more popular ski runs. For example, Perisher has undertaken a three-year $19million investment in automated snowmaking that culminated in 2009. Perisher has also become known for building a terrain park regardless of their snowfall. Some terrain park features, such as rails and boxes, do not require much snow and as a result it attracts riders to the area. It is also a reflection of the popularity of freestyle riding.

Conclusion
Australia's history in snow sports is relatively underrated considering it all began in 1859. Since then, it has continued to grow and develop under the influence of European and American culture. Today, most Australian ski resorts contain a terrain park or multiple parks. This is a reflection of the growing popularity of freestyle skiing and snowboarding. This paper has examined the development of Australia's winter athletes and the pathways available to becoming an elite competitor. The main issue is accessibility. Sporting institutions in partnerships with government organisations and local ski resorts need to overcome this, in order to find the most potential athletes. This has already been successful in aerial skiing and similar programs need to be set up and suited to each sport. The tourism industry is a huge contributor to the economy of local ski communities such as the Snowy Mountains region. It is important that visitation remains at a level that will sustain or increase business profit without damaging the environment. This is a key aspect of sustainable tourism which is vital to the area. There is much potential in the snow industry in Australia but is reliant on a number of variables such as weather, snow fall and economy.


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User:Honda97/enes100/poppitt

Chunck Poppitt Project

title: User:Honda97/enes100/poppitt


text:
User:Jkim7610/enes100/poppit

this is my poppit page

Link back to team jdjengineers

Give instructor top 3 project choice list
The first project we had was Chunk Poppit. The whole class did the same project but we were randomly split into different groups with three people one group. Poppit is a game on Pogo.com. The goal for us was trying to pop up as many balloons as possible and see if it is mathematically possible to pop up all the balloons. We had two weeks to explore it.

Write problem statement
Is there a general trend to how many balloon colors there are in each game? Is there a pattern generated after X amount of games or is it completely random all the time?

Assign Task1
According to the problem statement, I will count how many of each color balloon there is in each game and see if there is a general patter after 25 games.

Week1 Activities
I was able to count all balloons and ended up getting 150 balloons in total per game and separate each color of the balloons. Rationalize differences

Week1 Narrative
I wanted to see how many balloons there were in each game and what colors were in each game.

Week1 Peer Review
Go to each team mates weekly summary wiki page. Read their activities and narrative. Then go the associated discussion page. Say something positive on this page. Try some constructive criticism. Add your name and 1sfoerster 13:32, 28 August 2011 (UTC) to create a time and date stamp. Create a new category if another team mate has already commented here.

Assign Task2
I will now count how man balloons of each color there are and see if there is a pattern that shows up..

Compare actual work done to Task2
There were indeed 150 Balloons in each game and that number did not change between difficulties and sort each color.

Week2 Narrative
After separating the colored balloons into red, yellow, green, blue, and purple I proceeded to count them. There was not much of a difference in between number of balloons. There was no extreme out liars on either end. Most of each balloon count stayed within the low 20's to mid 30's.

Week2 Peer Review
Go to each team mates weekly summary wiki page. Read their activities and narrative. Then go the associated discussion page. Say something positive on this page. Try some constructive criticism. Add your name and 1sfoerster 13:32, 28 August 2011 (UTC) to create a time and date stamp. Create a new category if another team mate has already commented here.

Assign Task3
Keep working on Poppit and form into new groups for new project.

Compare actual work done to Task3
Rationalize differences

Week3 Narrative
Upload photos to wikimedia. Upload video to youtube. Convert all spreadsheets, documents, and presentations to wiki format and create wiki subpage of your page for each of them. Link to them here in a narrative that tells a story. High light the problems (engineering problems) you had and how you solved them.

Week3 Peer Review
Go to each team mates weekly summary wiki page. Read their activities and narrative. Then go the associated discussion page. Say something positive on this page. Try some constructive criticism. Add your name and 1sfoerster 13:33, 28 August 2011 (UTC) to create a time and date stamp. Create a new category if another team mate has already commented here.

Assign Task4
Record what you are planning on doing for the team during the weekend between week3 and week4 of the project here.

Compare actual work done to Task4
Rationalize differences

Week4 Narrative
Upload photos to wikimedia. Upload video to youtube. Convert all spreadsheets, documents, and presentations to wiki format and create wiki subpage of your page for each of them. Link to them here in a narrative that tells a story. High light the problems (engineering problems) you had and how you solved them.

Week4 Peer Review
Go to each team mates weekly summary wiki page. Read their activities and narrative. Then go the associated discussion page. Say something positive on this page. Try some constructive criticism. Add your name and 1sfoerster 13:33, 28 August 2011 (UTC) to create a time and date stamp. Create a new category if another team mate has already commented here.

Complete Project Page
Team project page ::jdjengineers

Start Next Project Week0 activities
The next project is Engines

title: User:Jkim7610/enes100/poppit


text:
User:Thomas.Purcell

Thomas Purcell currently living in ACT and studying sports media at UC (Australias Capital University)

Assignments
/Dodgeball: A legitimate sport?/

title: User:Thomas.Purcell


text:
User:Brennan.McDonald

Currently resides in Canberra and is currently in his third year of study in a Bachelor of Sports Management. Has an undying love of all sports especially Australian Rules Football.

/Free Agency and the Australian Football League/

title: User:Brennan.McDonald


text:
User talk:Tmcfarland

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User talk:Brennan.McDonald

 Hello Brennan.McDonald, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 05:07, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Brennan.McDonald


text:
User talk:Honda97

 Hello Honda97, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 05:08, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Honda97


text:
User talk:Tdaniel

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 05:09, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tdaniel


text:
User talk:Tony.naar

 Hello Tony.naar, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 05:09, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Tony.naar


text:
User talk:Thomas.Purcell

 Hello Thomas.Purcell, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 05:10, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Thomas.Purcell


text:
User talk:Alexavent

 Hello Alexavent, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. After you leave a comment on a talk page, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone follow the threads of the discussion. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. All users are expected to abide by our Privacy policy, Civility policy, and the Terms of Use while at Wikiversity.

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You don't need to be an educator to edit. You only need to be bold to contribute and to experiment with the sandbox or your userpage. See you around Wikiversity! --Abd 05:12, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alexavent


text:
User:MrFidaAliEngr/Ganche

Ganche is the name of a fresh natural water stream that bisects Khaplu, the District Headquarters of District Ganche, into Khaplu Bala and Khaplu Pain. Ganche flows because of water springs and snow melt/rain fall. Its water is known for its good health giving effects which may be due to its freshness and necessary mineral contents in it. Ganche terminates into Shyoke river at Muldumar, a Village along Shyoke river at Khaplu.

title: User:MrFidaAliEngr/Ganche