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Template:Userpage

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 may only be personally affiliated with Wikiversity itself. You may not be viewing the most current version of this page, if not viewed from. The text content of this page is released under the CC-BY-SA 3.0 License and GFDL. Images and other media included from this page may be subjected to other terms of use.

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license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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User:Rayc

Interested participant from Wikipedia under the name Rayc

Graduate student with knowledge in Electrical engineering with a hope to become a professor. I also am interested in math, genetic algorithms, and statistics.

http://www.wired.com/news/games/0,2101,65052,00.html http://www.simba.us/misc/dsmc/dsmca.html http://bbs.keyhole.com/ubb/postlist.php/Cat/0/Board/EducationEducators Web Design/An Introduction to Programming with Javascript http://ocwfinder.com/

http://www.acvt.com.au/research/videotrace/

Places to contact

 * Signpost
 * Wikiprojects
 * Wikia

Sandboxes

 * /Rand
 * /ProposalQuiz
 * /Unipages
 * /School status
 * /Learning Blog
 * /Youtube

Trash
/Scrap page

/HiddenI /Hiddenl /X

title: User:Rayc


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User talk:Rayc

The master is in

Please click here to leave me a new message.

 * /Archive1 August-September
 * /Archive2 Oct-Dec
 * /Archive3 Jan-Jun

Why? Perhaps
One is happier if he can reduce, condense, summarise, catalogue, squeeze, etc, whatever he knows not, into as small and as narrow a piece as possible. He even achieve some understanding in the process. : )Hillgentleman|Talk

Release 0.9.3 of mobile phone quiz client (Occleve)
Hi! Release 0.9.3 of Occleve (a mobile phone quiz program) is now talking to the wikiversity wiki. Please see Quiz/Mobile phone software for details... and please let me know what you think. --Joe Gittings 08:07, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

Question
I have recently developed a heightened interest in studying statistics more, I have a B.S. in Sociology but want to learn more. Any favorite books or sites?? Buddpaul 17:21, 11 May 2007 (UTC)

Welcome back
Is your thesis online? --JWSchmidt 21:58, 8 July 2007 (UTC)

Algebra Materials
There are a few things from the algebra books, like end-of-chapter quizzes and stuff. I would like to move those materials out of Wikibooks and here to Wikiversity. I'll post a listing of the pages I am talking about here. --Whiteknight 21:13, 1 August 2007 (UTC)

 * http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Intermediate_Algebra/Chapter1Test
 * http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Intermediate_Algebra/Chapter1TestAnswers

Oral comprehension
If you are ready to work with me, I'm interested unfortunatly, I'm too busy on fr wikiversity and I cannot do it yet. Vivelefrat 17:45, 7 August 2007 (UTC)

Greetings & electrical engr education
Howdy, Ray. I'm Mel, a newcomer to Wikiversity (been keeping an eye on the project since last year but finally got sucked into activity by Cormac & others at Wikimania 2007). I was wondering if you were interested in doing (or have already started) a project on engineering education itself in some form. I'm hoping to be an EE prof eventually myself, having just graduated from the whirlwind that is Olin college (a school designed for experimenting with ways to teach engineering, and where my conceptions of engineering, education, what a school can be, and what it means to learn something were completely tossed around). Ping me back if you're interested - I'm also starting to hang out on #wikiversity and #wikiversity-en, if you go on IRC once in a while. Hope to meet you soon! Mchua 04:06, 15 August 2007 (UTC)

re: algebra curriculum
Are there any students actively going through the (college) algebra curriculum right now? Brylie, NTLDR, and ReachingAphelion (the three who put their names on the interest list in August) haven't done anything else on it since signing up. Wikimania was excellent, btw. Mchua 04:17, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

Template "ABCD"
Hi. Are you informed about Expand/Collapse-Bug in that template? Can you have a look on it? Please make it working. I like this fine tool.--Kölscher Pitter 08:12, 27 August 2007 (UTC)
 * on English WV this works. Javascript has to be enabled on German WIkiversity, see here for more info. Erkan Yilmaz (evaluate me!, discussion ) 17:13, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

Oral comprehension bis
Hello, I've prepared the first oral comrehension, please record it slowly because it's a lesson for beginners, contact me when you'll finish (the topic is Lewis Carroll.)

Lewis Carroll was born on 1832 in a village located on the Cheshire in England, his real name was Charles (spell it) Lutwidge Dogson. He had eleven (11) brothers and sisters. His father's first name was Charles (spell it) and his mother's was Jane. When he was a child, he loved mathematics, games and writing. In 1846, he went to secondary school in Rugby, a famous private school, where he won prizes in Classics and Mathematics. Whan he was 19 he went to Oxford and there he became a teacher at 21. His most famous book is Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.

I have prepared the question yet wit Vivelefrat 14:03, 29 August 2007 (UTC)

Ihave finded a programm to convert MP3 and WMA to ogg it's here click on "Télécharger Free Mp3 Wma Converter 2.0 Vivelefrat 13:16, 12 September 2007 (UTC)

Contragulations for the hard work and see you soon (the lesson is here Vivelefrat 05:59, 18 September 2007 (UTC)

Thank you for the idea and the hard work... however...
Yes, sorry, there is a 'however': the test is NOT meant to be subitted! That was understood from the original discussion: that no one but the person taking the test would know the results. THEN they could give their opinion, evaluation, contribution etc. BTW did you try either of them? What do you think? I'll be back Sunday or Monday and look forward to 'reading' from you. Thank you for the thought... Shir-El too 14:41, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
 * The results are ONLY seen by the person doing the test. You can try it. Log out and do the test. You will see the results are not saved - they are only on the users browser to be seen. Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 09:59, 10 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I have given this program for taking the apptitude tests a great deal of thought in the past few days. I am not comfortable with the idea. I myself would not fill out such a grid if I found it while brousing the Internet, and I don't see why I or any other visitor should apply different trust criteria here on WV. Besides, it is not germain to the purpose of the page. Paper and pencil are still widely avaialbe items, even in this computer age, and far more private.

Now: may I ask you to try out the tests and give your evaluations of them (without scores)? Thank you. Shir-El too 03:00, 16 September 2007 (UTC) PS I don't remember where the last message on this topic was left, so this message will go on all the talk pages I can remember. Tks.

'''The following is FYI: so you know the upshot. Thank you again, Shir-El too 15:23, 16 September 2007 (UTC)'''

 *  >and I don't see why I or any other visitor should apply different trust criteria here on WV.
 * It is possible that users

 * are used to this kind of form from their day to day usage with the internet and they prefer this more than using paper and pencil
 * or they don't have pencil and/or paper around

 * How about this: there could be offered both ways (both ways must not be on one page) and you could let decide the user for herself than limiting user choices already from beginning. What do you say ? Erkan Yilmaz (evaluate me!, discussion) 09:53, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

 * My Dear Sir: excellent! provide a link to the program page from the test heading. Woman though I be, I stick to my guns and would like to get back to the main issue: provision, analysis and discussion of apptitude tests. BTW: I'm copying the original discussion from the Colloquium onto the A/T talk page. Thank you, Shir-El too 15:14, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

All about the filmmaking courses
In the first basic filmmaking course (pre-production), the goal is to create an animatic movie from storyboards created using FrameForge 3D Studio for "Seduced by the Dark Side!". The purpose of the animatic is to determine the timing of the final animation. This month hopefully, the first animatic will be completed.

The next course uses DAZ Studio to create an animated version of the motion picture "Seduced by the Dark Side!"

DAZ Studio has very limited animation capability... but it is free. Because the animation will not look perfect, we cannot use regular humans for models. Instead, I have tried to find cartoonish figures such as the Penguins or the Bears or the Croc. These models are NOT free but the cost is under $20.

There are about 15 shots in this movie. Instructions need to be created for each of the shots using DAZ Studio and one of the computer models.

Does that make any sense? Robert Elliott 05:59, 21 October 2007 (UTC)

Part II

For the movie "Seduced by the Dark Side!", we need an old person and a young person. With the Penguins or the Bears or the Croc, it is possible to use these figures so that there is a young and an old person.

Have you found any free models which have a young person and an old person? These figures must look good together. Many of the free versions are only for a young person or only for an older person but not both. Some of the more realistic free models are too hard to create realistic animation for.

Most of the animation is very simple. But the final shot has a huge theater model. To do this, we will probably use Bryce 5.5 which is free (or I hope it still is free.)

Then we will composite the animation from DAZ Studio with still images created in Bryce. This save a huge amount of rendering time.Robert Elliott 23:38, 23 October 2007 (UTC)

Part III

When you find interesting free 3D figures, please put a rendering or two of the figures at Storyboard Artwork Project/Stamps so I can see them (and so kids with TuxPaint can use them.) Robert Elliott 15:43, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

Resources
Hi Russell! I'm familiar with some of those resources - but thanks for the links. As for Connexions, I was in contact with them about six months ago - we had a collaboration all planned - but nothing much has come of it yet (it kinda stalled at the funding bid stage). Still, I have connections at Connexions :-) if you want me to put you in touch.. Cormaggio talk 11:13, 26 October 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for the storyboard frame.
Thanks for the DAZ Studio storyboard frame. I put it on the first page of the course on pre-production. Robert Elliott 07:36, 28 January 2008 (UTC)

Wikimedian Demographics update
Hello Rayc. I'm writing because you requested a reminder about progress on Wikimedian Demographics. For the time being these will be about once per month.

Speaking of reminders, it turns out the template question isn't the most efficient way of coming up with a mailing list. If you want to recieve this message on another of your talk pages (or don't want them at all), please edit the list on Wikimedian Demographics/Reminders.

To update on progress so far, there have been somewhere around 50 respondents over the past month, with more trickling in slowly but steadily. There are 7 major surveys (or 12, depending on how you count them):
 * 1) The basic survey (about your participation in Wikimedia)
 * 2) The "geography" surveys (actually 6 of those, for each inhabited continent)
 * 3) The Operating System survey (still stubby)
 * 4) The Wikipedia survey
 * 5) The Commons survey
 * 6) The US presidential elections survey
 * 7) The sexuality and relationships survey

Only the geography surveys have had any major modifications since being originally posted (more countries were added to those).

Several new surveys have been discussed at Talk:Wikimedian Demographics, as well as other places within Wikiversity. A few that might be ready sometime in February include:
 * A survey about Women in Wikimedia
 * A survey about Wikibooks
 * A survey about Wikiversity
 * A survey about administrative issues (including cross-wiki topics such as CheckUser and "global blocking")
 * A survey about environmental issues
 * A survey about religion
 * A survey about international trade

If you have ideas for more surveys, please share them on Talk:Wikimedian Demographics. Thanks for your participation thus far, and we hope to see you soon! --SB_Johnny | talk 12:00, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

Welcome to the Bloom Clock!
Hello, Rayc, and thanks for signing up as a contributor to the Bloom Clock!

To get started, all that you need to do is keep your eyes open for flowers on plants growing outdoors. Then, depending on how well you know plants, you can either try to find the plant using the global keys, or just check the master list where plants are listed by their scientific names.

Assuming you find a log page for the plant you saw, all that you need to do is click [edit] above the list of signatures, and add *~ on a new line below the last signature and above the line that begins with, which will make your signature appear on the profile page.

If you don't find a log page, just add an entry for the plant to the Master List using. Someone can then show you how to create a profile and log page for the plant.

If you don't know the name of the plant you saw, try asking on Bloom Clock/Unknown Plants using the template there. Photographs are very helpful, but if you don't have a digital camera, just give the best description you can and hopefully someone can identify it for you.

After you've logged 10 or more plants as flowering for your location, another bloom clock contributor will help you set up the categories and templates used to construct a key for your region, and try to match up your region to the global keys.

If you have any questions, ideas, or need something explained, please feel free to leave a message on my talk page, and I'll get back to you as soon as I can!

(Apologies for the long-belated welcome message... finally got around to writing one!) --SB_Johnny | talk 09:26, 13 March 2008 (UTC)

Meeting times
Hi Russell, thanks for signing up on Meetings. However, I suspect you've "done the maths" wrong - 5 o'clock in the evening for you would be 17 + 6 (= 23:00) UTC. I think you subtracted instead of adding... Cormaggio talk 16:37, 9 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Hi again - just notifying you of a suggested time/date for an IRC meeting about 'Wikiversity learning'. Could you indicate if you would be available, or would prefer a different time/date? Cormaggio talk 14:48, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

possible answer
In case you don't have it on your watchlist yet, you might be interested in an answer posted at Colloquium to a question you posed. --DavidCary 01:12, 12 May 2009 (UTC)

Warning
What! Rayc your going to far, your just had a warning for making to-much pages, I saw your name on a page and I`m gonna give you 1 more warning, watch out! I can`t really block you but I could tell on you for that real page,--MikimoralMikimeral 20:28, 2 May 2010 (UTC)MikimoralMikimeral

You are invited to register for the Wikiversity Assembly

 * The Assembly has been established as a technique for developing reports on topics of import for Wikiversity administration. The Assembly is not a decision-making body, per se. Rather, it is designed to create or discover or estimate consensus, through focused, facilitated, thorough deliberation. Assembly reports may be referenced in regular Wikiversity discussions, but will not directly control outcomes. Where full consensus is not found, minority reports may be issued.
 * I invite you to register for the Assembly by adding your user name to the Delegable proxy/Table.

 * Registering for the Assembly creates no specific obligation, but does consent to direct communication as the Assembly may determine is appropriate. You may opt out of such direct communication by adding "no messages" to the Table when you register, in the user comment field, but it is unlikely that the default (communication allowed) will create burdensome traffic for you.

You are invited to name a proxy

 * When you register for the Assembly, you may optionally designate a "proxy."

 * I suggest that you nominate, as a proxy, the user whom you most trust to participate positively in a Wikiversity discussion if you are unable to participate yourself. The proxy will not be voting for you in any process. Rather, the proxy will be considered to loosely represent you, as a means of estimating probable large-scale consensus based on small-scale participation, in the event that you do not personally participate.

 * If you name a proxy, you will be consenting to direct communication with you by that proxy. If a named proxy accepts the proxy, you become, as long as you maintain the nomination (you may change it at any time), the "client" of the proxy, and by accepting, a proxy has consented to direct communication from the client.

 * See Delegable proxy for details.

Comments
I'm inviting all relatively inactive custodians to register for the Assembly, and to name a proxy as described. This is because you who have been and remain custodians have yourselves been trusted by the community, and your proxy choice, if you name one, may carry some reasonable weight, due to your experience. You may, of course, participate directly, whether you do or do not name a proxy. Thanks for considering this. --Abd 01:42, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

Your admin status
Hello. I'm a steward. A new policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, etc.) was adopted by community consensus recently. According to this policy, the stewards are reviewing administrators' activity on wikis with no inactivity policy. You meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for 2 years) on enwikiversity, where you are an administrator. Since that wiki does not have its own administrators' rights review process, the global one applies. If you want to keep your rights, you should inform the community of the wiki about the fact that the stewards have sent you this information about your inactivity. If the community has a discussion about it and then wants you to keep your rights, please contact the stewards at m:Stewards' noticeboard, and link to the discussion of the local community, where they express their wish to continue to maintain the rights, and demonstrate a continued requirement to maintain these rights. We stewards will evaluate the responses. If there is no response at all after approximately one month, we will proceed to remove your administrative rights. In cases of doubt, we will evaluate the responses and will refer a decision back to the local community for their comment and review. If you have any questions, please contact us on m:Stewards' noticeboard. Best regards, Rschen7754 21:02, 23 November 2014 (UTC)

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MediaWiki:Mainpage-url

Wikiversity:Main Page

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User talk:Cma~enwikiversity

Hello and welcome to Wikiversity!

Here are some tips to help you get started:
 * You can sign your name on Talk and vote pages using four tildes, like this: ~~~~.
 * Remember to conduct any editing experiments in the sandbox.
 * Check out our help page if you need additional editing help.

You will find more resources at the Community Portal. If you want to ask a question, visit the Study help desk, the Colloquium, IRC channel or ask me personally on my talk page.

Good luck!-- sebmol ? 15:57, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

P.S. I had to delete your Sociology page. We want to start by importing pages from Wikibooks. If you could take a look at b:Wikiversity:School of Sociology and tell us at Import what parts of that we should move here, we'll do it right away.

Hi Cathy - good to have you around :-). Cormaggio 16:01, 16 August 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Cma. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Cma~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:32, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:05, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cma~enwikiversity


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Help:Wikitext quick reference

Wikitext markup -- making your page look the way you want

 * You can see some more detailed examples at Help:Wiki markup examples.
 * If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the    :Sandbox.

Basic text formatting
For a list of HTML tags that are allowed, see HTML in wikitext. However, you should avoid HTML in favor of Wiki markup whenever possible.

Just show what I typed
A few different kinds of formatting will tell the Wiki to display things as you typed them.

Images, tables, video, and sounds
This is a very quick introduction (please do not forget to upload your files). For more information, see:
 * Images and sound files for help with media files
 * w:Help:Extended image syntax for how to arrange images on the page
 * Help:Table for how to create a table

Templates
Templates are segments of Wiki markup that are meant to be copied automatically ("transcluded") into a page. You add them by putting the template's name in.

Some templates take parameters, as well, which you separate with the pipe character.

title: Help:Wikitext quick reference


text:
Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing/Editing tips and tricks

Page protection
In a few cases, where an administrator has protected a page, the link labeled "" is replaced by the text "" (or equivalents in the language of the project). In that case the page cannot be edited. Protection of an image page includes protection of the image itself.

Edit conflicts
If someone else makes an edit while you are making yours, the result is an edit conflict. Many conflicts can be automatically resolved by the Wiki. If it can't be resolved, however, you will need to resolve it yourself. The Wiki gives you two text boxes, where the top one is the other person's edit and the bottom one is your edit. Merge your edits into the top edit box, which is the only one that will be saved.

Reverting
The edit link of a page showing an old version leads to an edit page with the old wikitext. This is a useful way to restore the old version of a page. However, the edit link of a diff page gives the current wikitext, even if the diff page shows an old version below the table of differences.

Undo
Custodians can also revert edits other than the last one. On diff pages, an "undo" link should appear next to the "edit" link on the right-hand revision. Note: if a more recent edit has changed the part of the page where you are trying to undo an older edit, the attempted undo action may not work.

Error messages
If you get an error message upon saving a page, you can't tell whether the actual save has failed or just the confirmation. You can go back and save again, and the second save will have no effect, or you can check "My contributions" to see whether the edit went through.

Sidenote: "My contributions" is accessed a link in the users menu. The user menu usually resides at the top of the page of users who are logged in.

Checking spelling and editing in your favorite editor
You may find it more convenient to copy and paste the text first into your favorite text editor, edit and spell check it there, and then paste it back into your web browser to preview. This way, you can also keep a local backup copy of the pages you have edited. It also allows you to make changes offline.

If you edit this way, it's best to leave the editing page open after you copy from it, using the same edit box to submit your changes, so that the usual edit conflict mechanism can deal with it. If you return to the editing page later, please make sure that nobody else has edited the page in the meantime. If someone has, you'll need to merge their edits into yours by using the diff feature in the page history.

Composition of the edit page
The editing page consists of these sections:

 * The edit toolbar (optional)
 * If you do not see the tool bar on edit pages, click your "my preferences" link, click the "edit" preferences tab, click the check box next to show edit tool bar, save your preferences (make sure you have javascript active in your web browser's preferences).
 * The editing text box
 * The edit summary box
 * Save/Preview/Cancel links
 * A list of templates used on the page
 * A preview, if you have requested one. Your preferences may place the preview at the top of the page instead.

Position-independent wikitext
No matter where you put these things in the wikitext, the resulting page is displayed the same way:
 * Interlanguage links
 * Categories
 * The magic words and . See Help:Section.


text:
Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing

You can just dive in and start typing the way you'd type an e-mail - be bold!. Come to this page, however, for a jumping-off place for more technical editing instructions. To experiment with editing, visit the sandbox.

This page is like a manual for editing Wikiversity and provides many examples. You may want to keep this page open in a separate browser window for reference while you edit. If you are new to wiki, you may benefit from Introduction to Wikiversity before trying to use this page.

Additional help pages for editing are shown in the box on the right.
 * Wikipedia has additional help for editing such as the Wikipedia Cheatsheet. There is an attempt to centralize help for all Wikimedia projects at this page.

Editing basics

 * Short introductory tutorial
 * Start editing
 * To start editing a MediaWiki page, click on the "Edit this page" (or just "edit") link at one of its edges. This will bring you to the edit page: a page with a text box containing the wikitext: the editable source code from which the server produces the webpage. If you just want to experiment, please do so in the sandbox, not here.

 * Summarize your changes
 * You should write a short edit summary in the small field below the edit-box. You may use shorthand to describe your changes, as described in the legend.

 * Preview before saving
 * When you have finished, click preview to see how your changes will look -- before you make them permanent. Repeat the edit/preview process until you are satisfied, then click "Save" and your changes will be immediately applied to the article. Small changes such as spelling corrections can be marked as "minor" before saving. Marking a significant change as a minor change is considered bad Wikiquette.

 * Review previous changes to the page
 * Yes, you can step back in time to see every single version of a page. Just click on the History tab at the top of the page. Here you can see who did the editing, the date of the change, their summary notes about the change. There are even tools to let you compare what's different between one version and another. Click on an editor's Talk URL and go to their talk page where you can engage them in discussion.

title: Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing


text:
Help:Wiki markup examples

Wikitext markup -- making your page look the way you want

 * This is page Help:Wiki markup examples, transcluded in Help:Editing.

 * If you want to try out things without danger of doing any harm, you can do so in the    :Sandbox.
 * More information on HTML tags in wikitext

Organizing your writing -- sections, paragraphs, lists and lines
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" !What it looks like !What you type Start sections with header lines
 * Sections and subsections
 * Sections and subsections
 * Sections and subsections

Note: Single equal signs give the highest level heading, like the page title; usually projects have the convention not to use them.

 New section >

 Subsection >

 Sub-subsection >

 * Start with a second-level heading ( == ); don't use first-level headings (=).
 * Don't skip levels (for example, second-level followed by fourth-level).
 * A table of contents will automatically be added to an article that has four or more sections.
 * If appropriate, place subsections in an appropriate order. If listing countries, for example, place them in alphabetical order rather than, say, relative to population of OECD countries, or some random order.
 * If you want to keep headings out of the TOC you have to use HTML heading tags and close them without using a slash e.g. heading too low level to be in the toc of large page.

Sub-subsection

 * Newline:
 * Newline:
 * Newline:

A single newline has no effect on the layout.

But an empty line starts a new paragraph, or ends a list or indented part. (  disables this paragraphing until   or the end  of the section)

(in Cologne Blue two newlines and a div tag give just one newline; in the order newline, div tag, newline, the result is two newlines)

You can make the wikitext more readable by putting in newlines. You might find this causes future problems -- see w:Wikipedia:Don't use line breaks for details.

 * When used in a list, a newline does affect the layout (See Help:List).

A single newline has no effect on the layout.

But an empty line starts a new paragraph. without starting a new paragraph. (The HTML tag  is sufficient.  The system produces the XHTML code   .)
 * You can break lines
 * You can break lines

without starting a new paragraph. marks the end of the list.
 * Please use this sparingly.
 * Close markup between lines; do not start a link or italics or bold on one line and close it on the next.
 * You can break lines
 * Unordered Lists are easy to do:
 * start every line with a star
 * more stars means deeper levels
 * A newline
 * in a list
 * A newline
 * in a list
 * Of course
 * you can
 * start again.

marks the end of the list.
 * * Unordered Lists are easy to do:
 * start every line with a star
 * more stars means deeper levels
 * A newline
 * in a list
 * Of course
 * you can
 * start again.

marks the end of the list.
 * 1) Numbered lists are also good
 * 2) very organized
 * 3) easy to follow
 * 4) A newline
 * 5) in a list
 * 1) A newline
 * 2) in a list
 * 1) New numbering starts
 * 2) with 1.

marks the end of the list.
 * # Numbered lists are also good
 * 1) very organized
 * 2) easy to follow
 * 3) A newline
 * 4) in a list
 * 1) New numbering starts
 * 2) with 1.
 * You can even do mixed lists
 * and nest them
 * or break lines in lists
 * * You can even do mixed lists
 * and nest them
 * or break lines in lists
 * Definition list
 * word : definition of the word
 * longer phrase
 * phrase defined
 * word : definition of the word
 * longer phrase
 * phrase defined

 * ; word : definition of the word
 * longer phrase
 * phrase defined

 * One item per line; a newline can appear before the colon, but using a space before the colon improves parsing.
 * indenting
 * A colon indents a line or paragraph.
 * Two colons further indents the paragraph.
 * Three colons indents further.
 * Two colons further indents the paragraph.
 * Three colons indents further.

A manual newline starts a new paragraph.
 * This is often used for discussion on Talk pages.
 * A colon indents a line or paragraph.
 * Two colons further indents the paragraph.
 * Three colons indents further.
 * Three colons indents further.

A manual newline starts a new paragraph. When there is a need for separating a block of text the blockquote command will indent both margins when needed instead of the left margin only as the colon does. This is useful for (as the name says) inserting blocks of quoted (and cited) text. The blockquote command will indent both margins when needed instead of the left margin only as the colon does. this is above it...
 * Centered text.
 * Please note the US-English spelling of "center".
 * Centered text.
 * A horizontal dividing line:
 * A horizontal dividing line:
 * A horizontal dividing line:

...and this is below it.

If you don't use a section header, you don't get a TOC entry. this is above it...
 * A horizontal dividing line:

...and this is below it.
 * }

Links, URLs
More information at Help:Link

Internal links
General notes:
 * Enclose the target name in double square brackets -- "" and ""
 * First letter of target name is automatically capitalized
 * Spaces are represented as underscores (but don't do underscores yourself)
 * Links to nonexistent pages are shown in red -- Help:Starting a new page tells about creating the page.
 * When the mouse cursor "hovers" over the link, you see a "hover box" containing...

Images, video, and sounds
See also Help:Media for detailed help with uploading and using media files.

Text formatting -- controlling how it looks
.  A typewriter font, sometimes used for technical terms and. You can use small text for captions. You can use small text for captions. You can strike out deleted material and underline new material.
 * For semantic reasons, using  where applicable is preferable to using.

You can also mark deleted material and inserted material using logical markup rather than visual markup. You can strike out deleted material and underline new material.
 * When editing regular articles, just make your changes and do not mark them up in any special way.
 * When editing your own previous remarks in talk pages, it is sometimes appropriate to mark up deleted or inserted material.

You can also mark deleted material and inserted material using logical markup rather than visual markup.

 Subscript: x2 Superscript: x2 or x²

Most browsers have an easier time formatting lines with &sup2; than with 2

ε0 = 8.85 × 10−12 C² / J m. 1 hectare = 1 E4 m²

Subscript: x2 Superscript: x2 or x&sup2; &epsilon;0 = 8.85 &times; 10&minus;12 C&sup2; / J m.

1 hectare = 1 E4 m&sup2

Just show what I typed
<nowiki> and
 tags can tell the server and the browser to display things as you typed them.

Including another page -- transclusion and templates
Changing a transcluded file will change every file that transcludes it.

title: Help:Wiki markup examples


text:
Help:HTML in wikitext

Permitted HTML
The following HTML elements are currently permitted:

The following excerpt from OutputPage.php additionally shows which attributes are allowed.

 * Update: In 1.4rc1, the removeHTMLtags function is located in Parser.php.

 * Update: In 1.5, the removeHTMLtags function is now located in Sanitizer.php.

For many HTML elements, more convenient wikitext code is available, see Help:Editing. On the other hand, HTML tags allow an id that can be referenced in one's user style css, and allows the tag to be used as link target.

/* private */ function removeHTMLtags( $text ) {		wfProfileIn( "OutputPage::removeHTMLtags" ); $htmlpairs = array( # Tags that must be closed			"b", "i", "u", "font", "big", "small", "sub", "sup", "h1",			"h2", "h3", "h4", "h5", "h6", "cite", "code", "em", "s",			"strike", "strong", "tt", "var", "div", "center",			"blockquote", "ol", "ul", "dl", "table", "caption", "pre",			"ruby", "rt", "rb" , "rp"		); $htmlsingle = array(			"br", "p", "hr", "li", "dt", "dd"		); $htmlnest = array( # Tags that can be nested--??			"table", "tr", "td", "th", "div", "blockquote", "ol", "ul",			"dl", "font", "big", "small", "sub", "sup"		); $tabletags = array( # Can only appear inside table			"td", "th", "tr"		);

$htmlsingle = array_merge( $tabletags, $htmlsingle ); $htmlelements = array_merge( $htmlsingle, $htmlpairs );

$htmlattrs = array( # Allowed attributes--no scripting, etc.			"title", "align", "lang", "dir", "width", "height",			"bgcolor", "clear", /* BR */ "noshade", /* HR */			"cite", /* BLOCKQUOTE, Q */ "size", "face", "color",			/* FONT */ "type", "start", "value", "compact",			/* For various lists, mostly deprecated but safe */			"summary", "width", "border", "frame", "rules",			"cellspacing", "cellpadding", "valign", "char",			"charoff", "colgroup", "col", "span", "abbr", "axis",			"headers", "scope", "rowspan", "colspan", /* Tables */			"id", "class", "name", "style" /* For CSS */		);

E.g., element "a" is not allowed, and the wikitext

Main Page

produces the HTML code

&lt;a href=" http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page "&gt;Main Page&lt;/a&gt;

which renders as the wikitext, not working as a link.

Span
, a generic inline text container, is now allowed on default MediaWiki installations (as of version 1.5). Span can be ID'd, classed, or styled:

This is red text. This is identified text. This is classed text. produces:

This is red text.

This is identified text.

This is classed text.

IDs and classes are used in conjunction with stylesheets to give a piece of text a descriptive class (or unique identifier) and to refer to that in a stylesheet.

Note that in most cases, one can use a more descriptive tag, for instance,  (which can be classed, identified, and styled, as well) to indicate an important piece of text, or   (subject to the same things as strong) to indicate an emphasized piece of text. For instance, the above might be better reformulated as

This is red text.

"This is red text."

This not only draws the user's attention to the text, but can also alert those who are using nonvisual browsers or have sight impairments, etc. to the fact that that is emphasized text.

Using, "a height of 20000 ft above sea level" gives "a height of 20000 ft above sea level" (note the hover box over "20000 ft").

Font
Note: This element is deprecated (should not be used) in favor of   .

For some attributes, like color, one can also use

a red word

or

a red word.

giving

a red word

a red word

Div
E.g. to assign the class "red" to a text one can put

example text

which gives example text which is in red if the css line

.red {color:red}

is applicable.

This is suitable if the color is specifically intended to be red; if it is just for emphasis a more general term for the class would be more appropriate, because css allows the user to choose another method of emphasis (another color, bold, enlarged, etc.).

Note that many readers will not have their own css with such lines as ".red {color:red}", so one cannot refer to "the red text above", etc.

title: Help:HTML in wikitext


text: Help:List

title: Help:List


text:
Wikiversity:FAQ/Categorization

A category is a software feature of MediaWiki. Categories provide automatic indexes that are useful as tables of contents. Together with links and templates they help organize the many pages at Wikiversity. Note: many websites use "tags" to help participants categorize website pages. Wikiversity categories can be thought of as "tags". If you create a new page, "tag" it with a category.

Executive summary
To help structure the contents of Wikiversity there is a system for grouping pages into categories. For example, this page belongs to Category:Help. When a page belongs to one or more categories, this information appears at the bottom of the page (or in the upper-right corner, depending on the skin being used). Capitalisation of category names should follow naming conventions for word casing.

To add a page to a category:

 * 1) First check the full list of existing categories to find one that matches your requirements. You can click on the category name to see which pages are already in that category. You should be able to find and existing category to use, there are over 1000 (use the next link to page through them).
 * 2) Go to the page you want to add the category to and click the "edit this page" tab to get the edit page.
 * 3) Add  Category:category name at the bottom of the page. Just substitute category name for the name of your chosen category.
 * 4) If there are no suitable categories you can create a new category by substituting category name with the name of your new category. This will add the page to this new category. It will also create a "home page" for this new category.

To be specific, in order to add an article called "Albert Einstein" to the category "People", you would click the "edit this page" tab on the article page "Albert Einstein" to enter the edit page and then add  Category:People. Exactly where doesn't matter, but the Wikipedia policy, for example, is to put it after the article text, but before any interlanguage links.

Category pages
Each category has a "home page" that contains editable text and an automatically generated, alphabetical list of links to all pages in that category (in fact ASCII order, see Help:Special page). These category pages are in the Category namespace. New categories can also be created and edited in the same way as any other regular page.

Uncategorized content
If you find a page without a category and can't think of a suitable category please use  Category:Uncategorized. This will help other people to find the page and provide it with a suitable category.

Putting an item in a category
A page in any namespace can be put in a category by adding a category tag to the page (by convention, at the end of the page), e.g.:

Category:Category name

This lists the page on the appropriate category page automatically and also provides a link at the bottom of the page to the category page, which is in the namespace "Category". Pages can be included in more than one category by adding multiple category tags. These links do not appear at the location where you inserted the tag, but at the page margin in a fixed place, depending on the skin (the bottom for Monobook, the upper right corner for Standard). Category tags may be placed anywhere in the article, although they are typically added to the end of the article to avoid undesirable text display side effects. Category links are displayed in the order they occur in the article, unlike the automatic ordering of lists in the category pages themselves (see below).

Category page
A category page consists of:

 * editable text
 * list of subcategories; how many there are is also displayed; if there are no subcategories the header and count are not shown.
 * list of pages in the category, excluding subcategories and images; the number of items in this list is called the number of articles; if there are none the header is shown anyway, and "There are 0 articles in this category."
 * From MediaWiki 1.5 the namespace prefix is no longer shown.
 * list of images with thumbnails (how many there are is not counted); the first 20 characters of the image name are shown, with an ellipsis if that is not the full name; also the file size is shown. As opposed to the second and third section, this section does not have subheaders per letter, it has not even a header itself and visually seems to fall under the header of the previous section "Articles in category ...", even though in counting the articles, images/image pages are not considered articles).

To create a category page, you must add a colon in front of the Category tag when you set up the page-creation link, to prevent the software from thinking you merely want to add the page you are working from to the category:

Placing the above text on working page will create the link you can use to edit your category page.

The items in the lists all link to the pages concerned; in the case of the images this applies both to the image itself and to the text below it (the name of the image).

The first and second list each have a header for each first character, dispensed with if there are no entries for a header.

On Meta and Wikipedia a redirect to a category shows the editable text only. To get the full page after being redirected, use the link "Image", or "Category", respectively.

On Commons a redirect to a category gives the full page, but not the subcategories and pages in the redirect page (if that is also a category).

Sort order
The system uses alphabetical order, or more precisely Unicode order, for pages in categories. The range 32–127 corresponds to ASCII, for more see a table of Unicode characters:

!"#$%&'*+,-./0123456789:;<=>? @ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_ 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ Note in particular that "Z" comes before "a", and "z" before accented / umlauted characters. The blank space within a page name is treated as an underscore, and therefore comes after the capitals, and before the lower case letters. However, a "blank space" after the name comes before any character. Thus we have the order PC, PCX, PC Bruno, PCjr.

 * See also special characters, Pages starting with a special character, collating.

Sort key
Each of the three lists is in the order explained above. If you want an item in a list to be positioned in that order, based on an alternative name (sort key) for that item, then this can be specified in the category tag that places the item in the list:

sort key

For example to add an article called Albert Einstein to the category "people" and have the article sorted by "Einstein, Albert". You would type " ".

Although this is like the syntax for a piped link (and in an edit summary it is interpreted like one), there is a clear difference: the second term in the piped link is an alternative term for the first one, while the sort key is an alternative name for the page in which the tag occurs. Also, a piped link influences the rendering of the page itself, while a sort key affects the rendering of another page.

The displayed name is not changed, and, unfortunately, only visible on the edit pages of the members of the category. An explanation of the sort key system used can be useful on the editable part of a category page.

The sort key system should be obvious, otherwise the order seems random and items are hard to find. The system should either be consistently applied to all members of a category, or be such that the listings of members on which it is applied fit in well within the list of members for which no sort key is used. The latter is advisable for large, growing categories with many contributors. See also below.

A common system is starting with the last name, then a comma and a space, and then the first name; note that any additions such as "Jr." should come at the end, otherwise the entry would come before the same without the addition, because a space comes before a comma.

In e.g. w:Category:Denmark, the sort key of a page consists of the keywords, without "Danish" or "of Denmark", "in Denmark", etc.

The sort key is case sensitive, so a page with the tag is sorted before one with the tag. This can be inconvenient, requiring a sortkey in projects with case-sensitivity of the first character if one wants the A and the a together, but it may also be used to one's advantage: e.g., it allows sorting of the pages into two groups, one put in the range A-Z and one in a-z, using sortkeys; see e.g. Category:Demo, where the help pages are put separately by using sortkeys with lower-case "h".

To get the order right, be consistent in punctuation and spacing. For example, "A Z" with two blank spaces comes before "A A" with one.

An underscore in a page name is equivalent with, and treated as a blank space. However, an underscore in a sort key is distinct from a blank space.

As seen from the ASCII sequence above, forcing items to the beginning or end can be done with a sort key starting with a space or ~, respectively. Another common sort key for the beginning of the list is the asterisk (*).

Sort key of images
Images without sort key are alphabetized according the full name, including namespace prefix "Image:". Therefore, for images for which a sort key is used, the prefix should also be included, otherwise these images are positioned on the category page before "Image:A" or after "Image:Z". Alternatively, all images can be given a sort key.

Thus a list of images may show a sequence A-I, A-Z, I-Z. One may choose to fix the first and third sequence by adding the prefix to the sort keys, or the second sequence, by putting sort keys without prefix.

Similar remarks apply for other non-main namespaces. However, the category namespace is an exception: the default sort key is without prefix, to avoid listing all subcategories by default under the C. Therefore, explicit sort keys should also be without prefix.

Grouping of pages by using sortkeys
If e.g. in a list of people sortkeys like "scientist Einstein, Albert" are used then all scientists are listed together under the "s". Unfortunately no separate heading "scientist(s)" is possible, and salesmen would be under the same heading. Alternatively "scientist" can have e.g. code K (to be explained in the editable part of the category page) and the sortkey "K Einstein, Albert" is used.

Labels in the list of images
As mentioned above, the first 20 characters of the image name are shown, with dots if that is not the full name. This can be inconvenient, e.g. in commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau most images have a name starting with "William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) -", which are therefore all labeled "William-Adolphe Boug..." (see the last section of the category page).

The full names are only shown in the hover box and the status bar, depending on the browser; in the latter possibly with codes such as "%28" for "(".

Thus, looking up a name in the alphabetic list is cumbersome. It might have been better to start the names with the shorter "Bouguereau, " and then the title of the painting (unless the software will be improved later).

Using templates to populate categories
If a template contains the code indicating that it is in a category, this does not only put that template in the category, but also the pages that include the template.

The page that contains the template correctly lists the categories to which it belongs. However, adding or deleting a category tag in the template does not add or delete the listings on the category page of pages that use the template, until some edit is made in the page that uses the template.

In other words:

 * lists of categories a page is in, are up-to-date
 * lists of pages in a category are based on the situation just after the last edit of the pages

Since adding or removing a category or template tag is obviously an edit there is only a complication when a page is indirectly added to or deleted from a category, through a change in a template the page uses.

To refresh category pages with respect to the listing of a particular page (adding or deleting the entry), a null edit can be applied to that page: just applying section edit and saving without changes.

Sort key
A sort key in a category tag in a template applies to the template as well as to the pages that use it, so it is only useful if it is variable. It can depend on a variable (notably PAGENAME), parameter, or the content of a template.

Categorizing templates themselves
To categorize templates themselves, without the pages that call them, one can use the tag, for example

Alternatively one can use e.g.

Excluding templates from categories
Use: to keep a template from showing up in a category. Text between and will be processed and displayed only when the page is being included. The obvious application is:

 * Adding all pages containing a given template to a category

Note that the usual update problems apply -- if you change the categories inside a template, the categories of the referring pages won't be updated until those pages are edited.

Comparison with "What links here"
Backlinks are often used as a by-product of links and inclusions. However, links and inclusion tags can be put specially for the backlinks, just like category tags are.

Thus one can create a kind of "category abc" showing its content with Special:Whatlinkshere/abc without an entry in the category lists on each page in the category. With inclusion this can be done in two ways:
 * rendering nothing. This works regardless of whether abc exists.
 * . This requires creating a blank page to render nothing, or a page with some content to provide an in-page category listing.

In the case of links:

A redirect corresponds to a supercategory.

Advantages of categories:
 * Category listings are alphabetical, for "What links here" this typically applies for the first part only, for the pages already linking to the given page at the time of the last rebuilding of the link tables in the database.
 * Categories have an editable part (however, there is anyway a talk page)
 * A category can have multiple supercategories

Advantage of a pseudo-category system using backlinks:

 * Backlinks can show a tree structure: not only pages and subcategories, but also the contents of the subcategories (for each a list of pages and a list of sub-subcategories) and the contents of the sub-subcategories (for each a list of pages and a list of sub-sub-subcategories), but not the contents of the sub-sub-subcategories, up to three levels are shown; see Cat:Help and Cat:Municipalities of the Netherlands.

In the case of inclusions:

 * also multiple supercategories are possible
 * combined content of subcategories is shown in one list, not grouped by subcategory (the tree structure is not shown, but it can be used by taking the backlinks at a lower node, showing the smaller set)
 * the restriction of three levels (in the case of using redirects) does not apply; for example page Aijkl in the category Aijk in the category Aij in the category Ai in the category A (represented by Aijkl calling template Aijk, etc.) can be shown in the list of pages in category A (the backlinks of template A).

"What links here" tends to be a by-product of links that are useful anyway (although links may be put with this use in mind), while category links are put specially to produce a category page.

Putting a category tag on a test page, user page, etc. (also if done indirectly by including a template with a category tag) is considered to pollute the category, while regular links from such pages showing up in "what links here" is considered harmless.

Therefore:

 * when copying text to such pages, category tags have to be removed; alternatively, convert the category to a link by adding a leading colon after the brackets. For example, "Category:Art" is a link to the category, not an assignment to a category.
 * when including a template that is in a category, do not use the template feature, but use "subst" or copy-and-paste, and delete the category tags.

Applying "Related Changes" to a category
For the "What links here" feature, only the links in the editable part of the page count, not the links to the pages in the category.

For a category, the "Related Changes" feature gives the changes in the pages in the category (according to the current category page, so excluding the pages that have potentially been added and including those that have potentially been removed, through addition or deletion of a template to/from the category, as explained above)
 * for subcategories: the changes in their editable parts only
 * for images (image pages): the changes in their editable parts only.

It does not show the changes in pages linked from the editable parts of the category. Possible workarounds:
 * The editable part can be put in a template. The category tags (which have no effect on Related Changes anyway) can better be kept out of the template, because on the pages of these supercategories the template would be listed under the articles in those categories. Whether interwiki links (with or without interlanguage link feature) are in the template or not does not make a difference, provided that the template is not used elsewhere.
 * Related Changes is applied to a page that calls the category as a template: ; only the editable part is included in the page; the page could be specially created for this purpose and call multiple categories. However, this page will then be listed in the supercategory pages of each category.

As usual (but as opposed to a watchlist) the changes in the corresponding talk pages are not shown.

Applying "Related Changes" to a category, with sufficiently high limits on number and days, is also useful for checking which pages in a category one "watches": they are bolded.

Dynamic page list
See: Help:Dynamic page list

The DynamicPageList2 extension provides a list of last edits to the pages in a category, or optionally, just the list of pages; the simpler DynamicPageList is installed on Meta and Wikinews; the version DPLforum  is installed on Wikia, see  http://www.wikia.com/wiki/Help:Forums.

Detection of additions to a category
With "Related Changes" one can find pages which are newly in a category due to addition of a category tag or the tag of a template that is in the category. Addition of pages through addition to the category of a template is seen indirectly: one can see the change in the template, and then check which pages call the template. This even shows pages which are only potentially in the category (see above).

Unfortunately there is no similar way to detect a deletion from a category.

Category considerations
Each page is typically in at least one category. It may be in more, but it may be wise not to put a page in a category and also in a more general category.

Each category, except one top-level category, is typically in at least one higher level category.

Check the conventions in a project and make yourself familiar with the categories in use before assigning pages and subcategories to categories and before creating new categories.

Linking to a category
If you want to link to a category without the current page being added to it, you should use the link form Category: foobar (where foobar is the category name). Note the extra : before Category.

Alternatives for overviews
An overview of links to pages and of images (by means of thumbnails) can be put in the editable part of a category, just like in any page, or be generated in the second, third and fourth part of the category page.

The first gives control on structure and lay-out. For example, in the editable part of commons:Category:William-Adolphe Bouguereau the name of the painter does not have to be repeated, and the full titles of the paintings can be shown.

The second is more convenient for new pages/images: by putting the category tag (which for images can even be done in the upload summary) the overview is automatically updated. Also, the sorting in alphabetic order is automatic in the second case.

A category page may have an overview in the first part, as well as in one or more of the other parts, with the following possibilities:

 * items occur twice, but ordered and structured differently, with different info (including that the fourth section shows the file sizes); when creating/uploading new items, they can be put in the category first, which is a convenient intermediate stage for updating the editable part
 * avoiding duplications

Anyway, a category has the double functionality of allowing extension of the overviews both from the overview page and from the member pages. This convenience makes it easier to build and maintain a complete overview (albeit divided over sections) for the subject concerned.

If the second, third and fourth part of the category page are not used, then the category page is much like a page in another namespace. Differences are:

 * the name starts with "Category:"
 * in ordinary links to the category page the name is preceded by a colon
 * Related Changes does not work for the editable part

If a category is growing too large, it is cumbersome to split. When new items need to be added, and they are on a subtopic about which there is still little in the category, this is a good occasion to start a subcategory. Other kinds of overview can be split more easily.

See also commons:Commons:Images on normal pages or categories:Vote.

Subcategories
Creating subcategories takes only a few additional steps. Adding a category tag to a category page makes the edited category a subcategory of the category specified in the tag.

First create a new category page for the subcategory the same way you would make a regular category. For example, create.

Then go to the newly created category page and edit it. Add the category tag for the parent category (e.g. ) to the page.

In this example, the Soccer category would then be a subcategory of the Sports category. For a live example see Category:Demo_1 which is a subcategory of Category:Demo.

Moving a category page
The only way to move a category page is to manually change all category tags that link to the category, and copy the editable part. There is no automatic way to move a category page in the way one moves an article page.

The editable first part of a category can be moved like any other page, but that won't move the subcategories, articles, and images in the second, third, and fourth part (see above). For categories entirely populated by templates (see above) modifying the templates allows to move all affected articles to a renamed category.

Redirecting a category page is possible via category redirect template, which creates a soft redirect to the desired category. When this template is used, the Category redirects category will be added. Please note that after all pages were moved from "old" to the "new" category, this should be the only category, where the "old-one" is listed.

title: Wikiversity:FAQ/Categorization


text:
Help:Formula

MediaWiki and TeX
MediaWiki uses a subset of TeX markup (including some extensions from LaTeX and AMSLaTeX) for mathematical formulae. It generates either PNG images or simple HTML markup, depending on user preferences and the complexity of the expression. In the future, as more browsers are smarter, it will be able to generate enhanced HTML or even MathML in many cases.

More precisely, MediaWiki filters the markup through Texvc, which in turn passes the commands to TeX for the actual rendering. Thus, only a limited part of the full TeX language is supported; see below for details.

Syntax
Math markup goes inside. The edit toolbar has a button for this.

Similarly to HTML, in TeX extra spaces and newlines are ignored.

MediaWiki templates, variables and parameters cannot be used within math tags, see m:Template talk:Demo of attempt to use parameters within TeX.

Rendering
The PNG images are black on white (not transparent). These colors, as well as font sizes and types, are independent of browser settings or CSS. Font sizes and types will often deviate from what HTML renders. Vertical alignment with the surrounding text can also be a problem. The css selector of the images is img.tex.

It should be pointed out that most of these shortcomings have been addressed by Maynard Handley, but have not been released yet.

The  attribute of the PNG images (the text that is displayed if your browser can't display images; Internet Explorer shows it up in the hover box) is the wikitext that produced them, excluding the   and.

Apart from function and operator names, as is customary in mathematics for variables, letters are in italics; digits are not. For other text, (like variable labels) to avoid being rendered in italics like variables, use  or. For example,   gives $$\mbox{abc}$$.

TeX vs HTML
Before introducing TeX markup for producing special characters, it should be noted that, as this comparison table shows, sometimes similar results can be achieved in HTML (see Help:Special characters).

The use of HTML instead of TeX is still under discussion. The arguments either way can be summarised as follows.

Pros of HTML

 * 1) In-line HTML formulae always align properly with the rest of the HTML text.
 * 2) The formula's background, font size and face match the rest of HTML contents and the appearence respects CSS and browser settings.

Pros of TeX

 * 1) TeX is semantically superior to HTML. In TeX, " " means "mathematical variable $$x$$", whereas in HTML " " could mean anything. Information has irremediably been lost.
 * 2) TeX has been specifically designed for typesetting formulae, so input is easier and more natural, and output is more aesthetically pleasing. Also anybody who has written mathematics at a professional level is already familiar with TeX.
 * 3) One consequence of point 1 is that TeX can be transformed in HTML, but not vice-versa. This means that on the server side we can always transform a formula, based on its complexity and location within the text, user preferences, type of browser, etc. Therefore, where possible, all the benefits of HTML can be retained, together with the benefits of TeX. It's true that the current situation is not ideal, but that's not a good reason to drop information/contents. It's more a reason to help improve the situation.
 * 4) When writing in TeX, editors need not worry about whether this or that version of this or that browser supports this or that HTML entity. The burden of these decisions is put on the server. This doesn't hold for HTML formulae, which can easily end up being rendered wrongly or differently from the editor's intentions on a different browser.

Parenthesizing big expressions, brackets, bars
You can use various delimiters with \left and \right:

Spacing
Note that TeX handles most spacing automatically, but you may sometimes want manual control.

Align with normal text flow
Due to the default css

img.tex { vertical-align: middle; }

an inline expression like $$\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx$$ should look good.

If you need to align it otherwise, use $$...$$ > and play with the vertical-align argument until you get it right; however, how it looks may depend on the browser and the browser settings.

Also note that if you rely on this workaround, if/when the rendering on the server gets fixed in future releases, as a result of this extra manual offset your formulae will suddenly be aligned incorrectly. So use it sparingly, if at all.

Forced PNG rendering
To force the formula to render as PNG, add \, (small space) at the end of the formula (where it is not rendered). This will force PNG if the user is in "HTML if simple" mode, but not for "HTML if possible" mode (math rendering settings in preferences).

You can also use \,\! (small space and negative space, which cancel out) anywhere inside the math tags. This does force PNG even in "HTML if possible" mode, unlike \,.

This could be useful to keep the rendering of formulae in a proof consistent, for example, or to fix formulae that render incorrectly in HTML (at one time, a^{2+2} rendered with an extra underscore), or to demonstrate how something is rendered when it would normally show up as HTML (as in the examples above).

For instance:

This has been tested with most of the formulae on this page, and seems to work perfectly.

You might want to include a comment in the HTML so people don't "correct" the formula by removing it:

Quadratic Polynomial
$$ax^2 + bx + c = 0$$ $$ax^2 + bx + c = 0$$

Quadratic Polynomial (Force PNG Rendering)
$$ax^2 + bx + c = 0\,$$ $$ax^2 + bx + c = 0\,$$

Quadratic Formula
$$x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$$ $$x_{1,2}=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$$

Tall Parentheses and Fractions
$$2 = \left( \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x} \right)$$ $$2 = \left( \frac{\left(3-x\right) \times 2}{3-x} \right)$$

Integrals
$$\int_a^x \int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds = \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy$$ $$\int_a^x \int_a^s f(y)\,dy\,ds = \int_a^x f(y)(x-y)\,dy$$

Summation
$$\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n}{3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}$$ $$\sum_{m=1}^\infty\sum_{n=1}^\infty\frac{m^2\,n} {3^m\left(m\,3^n+n\,3^m\right)}$$

Differential Equation
$$u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a$$ $$u'' + p(x)u' + q(x)u=f(x),\quad x>a$$

Complex numbers
$$|\bar{z}| = |z|, |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n, \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)\,$$ $$|\bar{z}| = |z|, |(\bar{z})^n| = |z|^n, \arg(z^n) = n \arg(z)\,$$

Limits
$$\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)\,$$ $$\lim_{z\rightarrow z_0} f(z)=f(z_0)\,$$

Integral Equation
$$\phi_n(\kappa) = \frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R} \frac{\partial}{\partial R}\left[R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR$$ $$\phi_n(\kappa) = \frac{1}{4\pi^2\kappa^2} \int_0^\infty \frac{\sin(\kappa R)}{\kappa R} \frac{\partial}{\partial R}\left[R^2\frac{\partial D_n(R)}{\partial R}\right]\,dR$$

Example
$$\phi_n(\kappa) = 0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad \frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}\,$$ $$\phi_n(\kappa) = 0.033C_n^2\kappa^{-11/3},\quad \frac{1}{L_0}\ll\kappa\ll\frac{1}{l_0}\,$$

Continuation and cases
$$f(x) = \begin{cases}1 & -1 \le x < 0\\ \frac{1}{2} & x = 0\\x&0<x\le 1\end{cases}$$ $$f(x) = \begin{cases}1 & -1 \le x < 0\\ \frac{1}{2} & x = 0\\x&0<x\le 1\end{cases}$$

Prefixed subscript
$${}_pF_q(a_1,...,a_p;c_1,...,c_q;z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(a_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(c_q)_n}\frac{z^n}{n!}\,$$ $${}_pF_q(a_1,...,a_p;c_1,...,c_q;z) = \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{(a_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(a_p)_n}{(c_1)_n\cdot\cdot\cdot(c_q)_n}\frac{z^n}{n!}\,$$

Bug reports
Discussions, bug reports and feature requests should go to the Wikitech-l mailing list. These can also be filed on Mediazilla under MediaWiki extensions.

title: Help:Formula


text:
Data Networking/Fall 2016/Sanket Jabade

Data Networking

Linux Project to implement DNS, DHCP, Web Server, Firewall and Backup
In this webpage we describe our Linux project based on implementation of networking concepts such as DNS, DHCP, Web Server, Firewall and Backup.

Team Members
1) Sanket Jabade 2) Maheshwar Gurav 3) Prajwal Patil 4) Riteshkumar Gupta

Why Linux over other operating systems?
Linux is an open source and free operating system widely used in almost all major Telecommunication and IT companies. Anyone can easily modify the source code and use it according to their needs for different applications.

Introduction
The main aim of this project is to implement networking concepts using Linux. We tried to implement various networking concepts like DNS, DHCP, Web Server, Backup and a Firewall. We have used Ubuntu 16.04 LTS for implementation.

Background
 1) Domain Name System (DNS)  DNS (Domain Name system) is a service similar to a phone-book. It basically translates any host-name to its specific IP address. This service makes it easier for users to access any website via its host-name rather than remembering its IP address. DNS runs over UDP and uses port 53. It uses few additional services along with host-name to IP address translation like host aliasing, mail server aliasing and load distribution.

 2) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)  DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a standardized network protocol that dynamically provides various networking parameters such as IP address, subnet mask, default gateway to any host machine who wants to communicate over a network. It basically works on DORA process i.e. D-Discovery, O-Offer, R-Request and A-Acknowledgement. Step 1: Host machine sends "Discovery" message to request for IP address to all listening DHCP servers. Step 2: Any DHCP server will then "Offer" an IP address from its pool of addresses. Step 3: The host will now "Request" this offered IP address from the DHCP server. Step 4: The DHCP server will finally "Acknowledge" this request and provides the IP address along with other necessary network parameters.

 3) Web Server  A web server is a machine or a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to process requests from users and provides information in the form of web pages over the Internet or the World Wide Web. The users who request for information are called clients and the machines who respond to this request are called Web Servers. This process is called as a client-server model. There are 4 primary different Web Servers like Apache, IIS, nginx and GWS. We are using Apache web server for project implementation, currently the most popular one in the market.

 4) Backup Web Server  The web server is a machine and it may crash anytime due to various reasons like increase in usage or heavy processes running on it. So it is always better to have a backup of everyday's work in some another machine so that data can be recovered easily. Hence we create a backup server to avoid loss of data.

 5) Firewall  Firewall is a network security system (either hardware or software based) that manages the incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predefined set of rules. It basically acts as a barrier between a secured internal network and any outside network(either secured or unsecured).

DHCP Server
1. Install DHCP Server

sudo apt-get install isc-dhcp-server

2. Install the radvd to configure the parameters

sudo apt-get install radvd

3. To configure DHCP modify below files

sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces sudo nano /etc/default/isc-dhcp-server sudo nano /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

4. For clients install below package

sudo apt-get install wide-dhcpv6-server

DNS server
Configuring Primary DNS Server 1. Install Bind9

sudo apt-get install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc

2. Configure caching name server (edit named.conf.options file)

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.options

Un-comment the following lines and add below details forwarders { 192.168.1.13;      192.168.1.12;      };

3. Restart bind9 service

sudo systemctl restart bind9

4. Edit named.conf.local file

sudo nano /etc/bind/named.conf.local

Define the forward and reverse file as shown below zone "fouroseven.com" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.fouroseven.com"; allow-transfer { 192.168.1.12; }; also-notify { 192.168.1.12; }; };     zone "1.168.192.in-addr.arpa" { type master; file "/etc/bind/db.192"; allow-transfer { 192.168.1.12; }; also-notify { 192.168.1.12; }; };

5. Create forward zone file

sudo nano /etc/bind/db.fouroseven.com

Add the following lines $TTL 604800 @  IN  SOA     master.fouroseven.com. root.fouroseven.com. (                    10    ;   Serial                 604800    ;   Refresh                 34000     ;   Retry                 241920    ;   Expire                 604800 )  ;   Negative Cache TTL IN          A      192.168.1.14 ; @       IN  NS          master.fouroseven.com. @      IN  NS          slave.fouroseven.com. @      IN  A           192.168.1.14 master IN  A           192.168.1.13 slave  IN  A           192.168.1.12 www    IN  A           192.168.1.14 dee    IN  CNAME       www.fouroseven.com. why    IN  CNAME       www.fouroseven.com. client IN  A           192.168.1.20

Web Server
1. Install Apache Web Server

sudo apt-get install apache2

2. Restart the web server

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 stop sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 start

3. Modify or create the web page as per requirement

sudo nano /var/www/html/index.html

Firewall
1. Install IP tables Persistent packages

sudo apt-get install -y iptables-persistent 2. Add Net filter persistent startup

sudo invoke-rc.d netfilter-persistent save

3. Stop Netfilter Persistent service

sudo service netfilter-persistent stop

4. Open the rules.v4 file from /etc/iptables and do the following changes

-A INPUT -s 192.168.1.25/255.255.255.0 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -p tcp -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED --dport 80 -j ACCEPT -A INPUT -j DROP -A FORWARD -j DROP -A INPUT -j DROP

5. Start netfilter persistent service

sudo service netfilter-persistent start

6. Check status

sudo iptables -L

Backup Server
1. Generate a pair of public keys

sudo ssh-keygen -t rsa 2. Create .ssh on host

ssh @ mkdir -p .ssh

3. Appending the Web server's public key to host

cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh @ 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'

4. Compress the backup

sudo tar –cvpzf /home/webserver/minbkup.tar.gz /var/www/html/ 5. We use crontab to take backup every minute

sudo crontab –e * * * * * sudo tar -cvpzf /home/webserver/minbkup.tar.gz /var/www/html/ * * * * * sudo scp /home/webserver/minbkup.tar @:/path of backup server

Websites
1) https://www.ostechnix.com/install-and-configure-dns-server-ubuntu-16-04-lts/ 2) https://help.ubuntu.com/ 3) https://www.digitalocean.com 4) http://askubuntu.com/questions/

Books
1) Computer Networking- A Top-Down Approach (Fifth Edition)- By James F. Kurose & Keith W. Ross

title: Data Networking/Fall 2016/Sanket Jabade


text:
Help:Page name

For Wikiversity-specific information about page names see Naming conventions and Namespaces.

For additional information about page names see m:Help:Page name

title: Help:Page name


text:
Help:Contents/Links

Hyperlinks allow users to move between pages. For some basic information about using hyperlinks, see Help:Editing. There are three general types of hyperlinks recognized by MediaWiki, each with associated CSS formatting to distinguish them.

This page (below) is like a user manual page about links. If you are new to making links, you might prefer to explore Making links, a short tutorial about how to make links on Wikiversity pages.

Wikilinks
A wikilink or internal link links a page to another page within the same project. To link to a page, you need to put the name of the page within double square brackets like this. So, for example, if you add Technology in the classroom to a page in edit mode, it will create a link to Technology in the classroom. You can also name this link anything by adding a "|" (not the letter l, but the vertical line character) and other descriptive text after this character - eg. adding a page about teaching with technology will display as: a page about teaching with technology.

Further detail:
 * a gives a.
 * a|b gives a|b (link to a, labelled b).
 * ab gives ab, just like a|ab does: a|ab.
 * a|bc gives a|bc, just like a|bc does: a|bc.
 * ab gives ab.
 * a b gives a b.
 * ab gives ab.
 * ab gives ab.
 * a|bc d gives a|bc d.
 * ab gives ab (two links, but looking equal to the single link ab), even if the links are underlined (a b and a b look the same only if links are not underlined).

Links with parameters (the link name) are said to be "piped" because of the pipe symbol used ( | ).

MediaWiki automatically checks if the target of a wikilink exists ("existence detection"). If the page doesn't exist, the link leads to the editing screen, and it is assigned the class "new". Such wikilinks are nicknamed "red links" because they are colored red in the default stylesheet on a default installation of MediaWiki. Red links are useful in determining the current status of the page (created or not created), create incoming links to a future page, facilitates and incites page creation.

Note that the image, category, and interlanguage syntax are the same as the wikilink syntax. Attempting to link normally will place the image on the page, add the page to the category and create an interlanguage link at the edge of the page. This can be prevented by prefixing a colon, which escapes the specific syntax. For example,,  , and.

The existence of an internal link from a page to an existing or non-existing page is recorded in the pagelinks table.

Stub feature
A wikilink to an existing page will be in class 'stub' if the page is in the main namespace, it is not a redirect, and the number of bytes of the wikitext is less than the "threshold for stub display" set in the user's preferences.

This allows users to immediately identify links to very short pages that probably need to be expanded. Alternately, a user may set a very high threshold to achieve any of the following:
 * Identify links to very large pages. However, the criterion is the size of the wikitext; possible inclusion of templates and images can make the rendered page large, even if the amount of wikitext is small.
 * Determine at a glance whether a link leads to the main namespace or not. However, this does not take into account redirects to the main namespace (even if the redirect itself is in the main namespace).
 * Identify links to redirects, for clean-up work such as bypassing redirects.

However, section linking to a "stub" does not work. Although this is normally a minor issue, this may cause problems with users who set a very high threshold.

Interwiki links
An interwiki link links a page to a page on another website. Unlike the name suggests, the target site need not be a wiki, but it has to be on the interwiki map specified for the source wiki. These links have the associated CSS class "extiw". These are in the same form as wikilinks above, but take a prefix which specifies the target site. For example, on Wikimedia projects and many other wikis  links to Wikipedia's main page. The prefix can be hidden using the same piped syntax as wikilinks.

Interwiki links to the same project
Although interwiki links can be used to point to a wiki from itself, this is not generally recommended. MediaWiki does not detect whether or not the target page of an interwiki list exists, so there is no special formatting and the link is always to the view page. Further, MediaWiki does not check if the page is linking to itself. A self wikilink is bolded (like :), whereas a self interwiki link is normal (m::).

Pros:
 * A copy of the wikitext on a sister project may still point to the same page. Sometimes two prefixes are needed for that purpose, e.g. a.

External links to the same project
External links are often used to use special URL parameters in links. This allows links directly to the edit history of a page, to a page in edit view, a diff of two versions, et cetera. They can also be used to create a navigational image.

However, the use of external links to link to a normal page on the same project is not recommended. These links benefit from none of the features of a wikilink, and may break the web of links when the content is exported to another domain.

Arrow icon
Monobook skin produces an arrow icon after every external link. This can be suppressed with class="plainlinks":
 * http ://a gives http://a
 * http ://a gives http://a

Headings
Links in the form  will link to the corresponding section header on the same page.

Anchors
Links in the form  will link to any anchor named "anchor_name" on the page. This may be either a heading named "anchor_name", or an arbitrary position. is a reserved name that links to the top of a page. It is possible to create an arbitrary anchor name using the HTML code.

Anchor links can also be appended to any type of link; for more information, see w:Help:Section.

Problems with page name conversion
Note that if the page name is automatically converted (for example, from "/wiki/main Page" to "/wiki/Main Page"), the section link will still work but will disappear from the address bar. As a consequence, this will make it more difficult to bookmark the section itself. This is not applicable for wikilinks, because the conversions have already taken place on Preview or Save of the referring page.

For example, consider http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:how_to_edit_a_page#Links_and_URLs. In this case, the anchor part of the address will disappear because the "how" will be converted to "How".

Redirects with section links
A redirect to a page section does not go to the section. However, one can add the section anyway as a clarification, and it will work if the redirect is manually clicked from the redirect page. However, links with a section to a redirect will lead to the section on the redirect's page.

Subpage feature
MediaWiki has a subpage feature, although activation depends on project and namespace. If activated, the following applies (if not, "A/b" is just a page with that name).

A tree structure of pages is established by using forward slashes in pagenames: A/b is a child of A, hence A is a parent of A/b; also A/b/c is a child of A/b; A/a, A/b, and A/c are siblings. At the top of the subpage body links to all ancestor pages are shown automatically, without any corresponding wikitext. The links show up even if the child page does not exist, but the sequence of ancestors stops before any non-existing ancestor page (e.g., if the grandparent page does not exist, the parent page is not shown either). Like most letters of a page name, the first letter after the slash is case-sensitive; "/subpage" and "/Subpage" are different pages.

What links here and Related changes ignore these automatic links.

Relative links
Relative links still work if all pages of a tree are renamed according a name change of the root, including making it a child of a new root.

Inside a subpage hierarchy the following relative links can be used:
 * ../ links to the parent of the current subpage, e.g., on A/b it links to A, on A/b/c it links to A/b.
 * ../s links to a sibling of the current subpage, e.g., on A/b, it links to A/s.
 * /s links to a subpage, e.g. on A it is the same as A/s.

See also w:Wikipedia:Subpages, and the example pages Link/a/b and m:Help:Link/a/b. For the latter the subpage feature does not work because of the namespace.

User space
Subpages of a user page are considered to be in that user's "user space". Rules are often relaxed in a user's own subpages, whereas they are typically tightened for a user editing another user's subpages.

Unintended subpage structure
Any slash in a pagename causes a subpage structure, e.g. Subpage demo Season 2006/2007 is a subpage of "Subpage demo Season 2006". As long as the latter does not exist, this has no effect on the former, However, a page with a slash in its name cannot be the root page of a subpage structure. For example, Subpage demo Season 2006/2007 /soccer does not show its parent, because its unintended grandparent does not exist. A dummy grandparent page can fix this.

Subpage activation
Wikipedia has this feature activated in all talk namespaces and the user and project namespace. The Meta-Wiki also has it in the main namespace. The default is set in DefaultSettings.php. As of revision 1.21, the following namespaces have it activated by default: Special, Main talk, User and User_talk, Meta_talk, and Image_talk. Settings per project are changed in LocalSettings.php.

Linking to a page with images
It is possible to use images as links to other pages. For more information, see use an image as a link to a page.

"Hover box" on links
On some browsers, holding the cursor over link will show a hover box containing the text of the link's HTML title attribute. MediaWiki sets this to the target page name (without the possible section indication) if it's a wikilink, the page name with prefix if it's an interwiki link, and the URL if it's an external link.

This can be switched off in the user preferences. The browser may also show similar info, but with the possible section indication, in the address bar.

For these effects a piped link is useful even if it not followed; for example, for displaying the meaning of an acronym (e.g. NPOV) or any other remark. It is possible to produce a hover box without a link, see.

Disallowed characters
In internal and interwiki link style, a plus sign in a page name is not allowed, the HTML and hence the rendered page just shows the wikitext, e.g. a+b. In external link style a plus sign in the URL is retained. It is often equivalent with a space. See also below.

In accordance with the rules explained in Help:Page name, conversions are automatically made to non-literal characters in wiki and interwiki links. For example, " " becomes "Help:Page name". However, the opposite is true for external links; literal characters are converted into non-literal characters. For example, most browsers will convert ".../wiki/!" to ".../wiki/%21".

A code like %70 in a redirect disables it, although the link works from the redirect page. For a redirect that works, the redirect page shows the canonical form of the target, unlike its preview page, which renders the link in the usual way.

Special pipe syntax
Using an empty pipe syntax on wiki and interwiki links will hide interwiki prefixes and parentheses. For example, Mercury (planet) becomes Mercury. This pipe syntax should only be used where the unqualified reference is not ambiguous, such as in an article about the solar system. See Help:Piped link.

Additional effects of links

 * Related changes
 * Backlinks
 * Date format
 * Using a space after the pipe syntax produces (perhaps depending on the browser) a space only, not a link (" "), but it is treated as a link for the "what links here" feature.

Links from a page
With query the links from page pagename, sorted by namespace, and for each namespace alphabetically, are given by /query.php?what=links&titles=pagename, e.g.  /query.php?what=links&titles=.

title: Help:Contents/Links


text:
Help:URL

es:Ayuda:Enlace externo

title: Help:URL


text: Help:Diff

title: Help:Diff


text: Help:Piped link

title: Help:Piped link


text:
Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing/FAQ

This page accompanies Help:Editing. Included below are questions and answers which have been gleaned from some of the talk pages of the various editing-related Help: pages. If you see a useful answer there or anywhere else, please add it here.

Q: I tried to upload a file. However, I only see a small square with an x in it in the upper left corner. What did I do wrong?
I tried to upload a file. However, there is a small square with an x in the upper left corner; instruct me in any changes, that need to be made.[[Media:[[Example.ogg]]

Q: Can I link to a specific section header if there are multiple section headers of the same name? If so, how?
A: Yes, you can. Each section header, regardless of size or depth, has a number corresponding to how many times that header's name has already appeared on the page. The number is "1" for the very first instance, "2" for the next, "3" for the next, and so on. You can link to each header just like a normal header, but using that number after the header's name (i.e. if there are three headers named "Foo," then the first can be linked to like so:, the second. , and the third, ). Using the number "1" for the first header is generally superfluous, as the software will automatically link to the first header without using the number (i.e. ). If you don't want the number to show, then you have to use a piped link (e.g. Foo ).

If you don't know how many times a given header has already appeared on a page (and thus the number to use), there are two ways to find out.
 * 1) Use the table of contents.
 * If a table of contents appears on the page, click on the header whom you wish to link to. The page will jump to that header. Now, look at the URL. At the end, it will show the ID of the header in question. An example of a URL who has just been linked to a header, whose name has already appeared twice (and so is the third instance), and whose name is "Foo:"
 * http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Example_article#Foo_3
 * The header link at the end of the URL shows that to link to this header, you would use.
 * 1) Look at the source.
 * While looking at the source, first find the section you're looking for, and then look at its ID tags. It will show the number in that tag. An example for a header, whose name has already appeared once (and so is the second instance), and whose name is "Foo:"
 *
 * Foo
 * The ID and name tags (the ones that say "a name=" and "id=") show that this header can be linked to with.

Q: How do I get a page deleted?
For example, if I'm done fooling around with some sandbox pages created as sub-pages of my Wikiverity user page, how do I get them deleted? The Help mentions "contacting an administrator", but if there is a list of admins somewhere, I was unable to find it. The wikipedia "VfD" approach does not seem to be implemented on Wikiversity, so I'm at a loss.

A: Please see: Please delete my page (or Requests for Deletion)

Q: How do I archive my User Page?
A: Four possibilities are:
 * 1) move talk page to page like User:a/b (history is now in this archive)
 * 2) move page contents to such a page (history is still in the regular talk page)
 * 3) just delete content (it is still in the history, but one can less easily search in that text) -- Patrick 14:32, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
 * 4) Use a link to an earlier version of the page in its history. It does not require creating "sub pages" for archives. You can see an example at wikibooks:Talk:Wikijunior_Solar_System/Solar_System.
 * 5) *Click on the history tab
 * 6) **Click on the first version listed there
 * 7) **Copy the URL from the address bar. Let's say it is http://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?User_talk:a&oldid=12345
 * 8) *Edit your talk page.
 * 9) **Delete all the stuff you want to remove from the current version of your talk page.
 * 10) **Link to the archive version as Sept 2005 archive
 * 11) **Save the new version of your page.

Q: Can I put preformatted text inside a numbered list?
A: Yes, if you use the HTML <ol> and <li> tags and the <pre> tag like this:

Q: Can I generate a frame-like structure on a Wiki page?
(I have a chart generated dynamically in Bugzilla and I would like to display it within my Wiki page.)

A: No

Q: Can I make transparent borders and rules on a table?
A: Yes.
 * That's a tough one because there is no "cellborder" directive for the table style. You can play with the BORDER and RULE attributes of table, but it seems that you cannot rely upon your browser to interpret that stuff the way you want it.

 * I think the easiest way to write this is using wiki table notation with a different background for the table and for each row.

title: Wikiversity:FAQ/Editing/FAQ


text: Help:Variable

title: Help:Variable


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Help:Interwiki linking

Interwiki links are created using the format. See Meta:Help:Interwiki linking for details.

Based on interwiki project abbreviations, some pages accidentally redirect to Wikiversity rather than their home wiki. Examples include:

title: Help:Interwiki linking


text: Template:Deleted for Import

title: Template:Deleted for Import


text: Portal:Humanities

title: Portal:Humanities


text: Portal:Social Sciences

title: Portal:Social Sciences


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Getting a degree

 * Note: Wikiversity does not confer degrees. But it can help you get a degree.

How Wikiversity can help you
Wikiversity can help you connect to other students and teachers.

There is more than enough open courseware and material online and distance learning infrastructure so that someone can be able to get an accredited degree. The trick is organizing the material.

Goal of degree plans

 * They get you an accredited, academically respected degree at the end
 * The degree plans must be *open* and *flexible*. It should be possible for a student to take a degree plan and change it to meet their requirements.  The degree plans must also not have any admission requirements.  There should be no gatekeepers.
 * The open architecture nature of Wikiversity is what should make it attractive and cheaper. You can and should swap in and out degree components.

Components of a degree program

 * Formal book learning. This is the easiest part to provide on the Internet.
 * Hands-on training. If you want to be a brain surgeon or physicist, you need hands-on training.  The degree plan should include ways of getting this hands-on training.
 * Social networks. This is the most important part of the degree program.  The student needs to have access to a rich set of social relations.  This is the part that wikiversity can provide.
 * Academic support. This includes things like financial aid, student health counseling, academic advising, career services.

Types of assessment
There are a variety of ways to receive college-level credits through open learning and assessment including:
 * Prior learning assessment and recognition (PLA, PLAR)
 * Portfolio based assessment
 * Exam based (CLEP)

Bachelors
The following are accredited schools in the United States that will provide credit for open learning materials
 * Thomas Edison State College
 * Charter Oak State College
 * Excelsior University
 * Western Governor's University

The challenge is to organize the material online so that it fits into the curriculum guidelines of these universities.

Just some theory to grant degrees you need
 * book learning - this is the easy part. all of the stuff is already out there.
 * experiential learning - this is the harder part, but it can be gotten through internships and the like
 * social networks - You need to be interacting with other students, teachers, and constantly talking with them. Creating and organizing these networks is the crucial missing piece that the wiki provides.

Doctoral
The word "doctor" is derived from the Latin language and means "Teacher". Doctoral degrees are to be earned while studying and conducting research in a university and have persisted as such for over a thousand years.

A doctoral degree is the highest degree offered by a university alone of any post-doctoral degrees which consist of further research in the Doctor's field.

title: Getting a degree


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Talk:Getting a degree

This page has US bias. Under the "Bachelor" section is only gives US schools which are acclaimed for giving bachelor degrees. It would be better to include things from other countries, such as Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa, you get the picture.--FreshFruitsRule-WB 13:04, 11 August 2006 (UTC)

Feel free to edit the page to add said information. Remember this is a colaborative project. I've personally been researching open learning options in Canada and will try to add whatever I can find out. RichMac 06:39, 28 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:Getting a degree