text:
User talk:JamieGewurz~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:39, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:JamieGewurz~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Dp462090

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:Dp462090


text: User talk:Nicholai.Hel

title: User talk:Nicholai.Hel


text: User talk:Sideliner

title: User talk:Sideliner


text: User talk:Kanikla

title: User talk:Kanikla


text:
User talk:Kolla~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:41, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Kolla~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Renicker

title: User talk:Renicker


text: User talk:Aruncg

title: User talk:Aruncg


text:
User talk:Perionyx~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Perionyx. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Perionyx~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:40, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Perionyx~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Chris hanki

title: User talk:Chris hanki


text:
Wikiversity:Contact

Wikiversity is a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. To contact the Wikimedia Foundation, please refer to their Contact webpage.

Contacting users on Wikiversity
There are a number of ways you can contact users on Wikiversity. You may

 * Post to a particular community member's talk page;
 * Post to a general interest page with a larger audience, such as the Colloquium
 * Chat with Wikiversity users;
 * Contact the support staff amongst the Wikiversity community; or
 * Write to the mailing list: Subscribe to Wikiversity-l and browse the archives.

Return to the Wikiversity main page

de:Wikiversity:Kontakt el:Βοήθεια:Επικοινωνία pt:Wikiversidade:Contato

title: Wikiversity:Contact


text:
User talk:Tegiiin~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:45, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Tegiiin~enwikiversity


text: User talk:TimLee90

title: User talk:TimLee90


text: User talk:Wcy2020

title: User talk:Wcy2020


text:
User talk:Fogarty

News from Topic:Japanese
The Introduction to Japanese learning project is now ready for use. You are recieving this message because you signed your name at Topic:Japanese/Participants. If you do not want to recieve any more messages from Topic:Japanese, remove your name from Topic:Japanese/Participants.

title: User talk:Fogarty


text: User talk:Ngo hien

title: User talk:Ngo hien


text:
User talk:Mihilz~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:43, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Mihilz~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:CharlieHuang~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called CharlieHuang. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name CharlieHuang~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:29, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:CharlieHuang~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Prabhatbharat~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Prabhatbharat. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Prabhatbharat~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:47, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Prabhatbharat~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Oto~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Oto. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Oto~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:46, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:17, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Oto~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Darkschneider

title: User talk:Darkschneider


text: User talk:Rachmelb

title: User talk:Rachmelb


text: User talk:Steluta29

title: User talk:Steluta29


text: User talk:Danntm

title: User talk:Danntm


text: User talk:Turulle

title: User talk:Turulle


text:
User talk:Poohneat~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Poohneat. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Poohneat~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:41, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:18, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Poohneat~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Jiaenjeu

title: User talk:Jiaenjeu


text:
User talk:Bloodymars~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Bloodymars. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Bloodymars~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:31, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Bloodymars~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Rjeffery

title: User talk:Rjeffery


text: User talk:Susanlulee

title: User talk:Susanlulee


text: User talk:Kdonnelly

title: User talk:Kdonnelly


text:
User talk:DouglasHolton

Just touching base...
Hi Douglas,

Just noticed you on the education page and wanted to say hi... I'm a Comp. Sci. trained person working in Education now (mainly with a Web Design course). So with the similar background, I was interested to know your thougths about your PhD... how worthwhile it was etc? Michaelnelson 05:05, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Hi there. I was interested in doing the phd so I could do some research & development.  And if you want to teach at a college you need the phd.  But one thing that hurts me is I don't have a K-12 teaching certification.  So it depends what kind of job you'd like to do.  Being a technology coordinator for a K-12 school or district, you don't need a PhD, but it would help to have a teaching certificate.  Being an instructional designer / distance education staff at a college you don't need a PhD, but it helps to have experience for example with Flash.  I think it's easier to get a faculty position in an education department if you are more traditional, like doing science or math or language or special education.  DouglasHolton 16:16, 20 September 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:DouglasHolton


text: Wikiversity:Guided tour/Browse

title: Wikiversity:Guided tour/Browse


text:
Talk:Aerospace engineering

I have started this page, but as a student of aeronautical and not aerospace engineering, I fear I might be misdirecting the structure of this particular course. If there are issues, I would be very happy to move this structure to a page with a more suitable name. Of course, 'aeronautical' also sounds cooler than 'aerospace'! Mark Lewis 20:59, 17 September 2006 (UTC)

What's about aviation engines?
I guess, it would be necessary to add "Aviation engines" as "area of study" with it's own subareas such as: "Theory of impeller machine", "Hydraulic gas dynamics", "Construction and production engineering of aviation engines" and so on. loader 23:56, 12 January 2008 (UTC)
 * If you know some about the subject, and feel qualified to create a skeleton framework of how the department could be organized, it would be appreciated and saved for all to use, at least for the foreseeable future! --Remi 04:17, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

Yes, of course, I know about this subject more than "some". And I'll try to create skeleton, but the problem is, my English is far from excellent. loader 09:30, 13 January 2008 (UTC)
 * Probably is not too much of a problem. :) Have fun. --Remi 10:16, 13 January 2008 (UTC)

For later integration, possibly...

 * November 2004 ''NASA's X-43A Scramjet Breaks Speed Record

+ HyCAUSE + mag - Emesee 03:59, 31 August 2008 (UTC)

Definition
The following definition of the aerospace discipline seems misleading: ''Aerospace engineering is a field of engineering that specializes in vehicles that move in fluids. This usually means working with airplanes, satellites, rockets or spacecrafts.'' This contradicts itself (spacecraft move through vacuum, which is not a fluid). Also, there are other disciplines that fit this definition but do not actually fall under the purvue of aerospace--specifically, naval engineering and automobile design.

With this in mind, I would like to adapt a definition from Wikipedia that I believe is more appropriate: Aerospace engineering is a discipline in which practitioners design, construct, and analyze air- and space-based vehicles and systems. Of course, the matter is open for discussion. TythosEternal (discuss • contribs) 02:09, 24 February 2013 (UTC)

Expanded Outline
I would like to expand the textual portion of the page with information under the following outline. My objective is to augment this topic into a page that can be leveraged for learning about and within the field. There's a lot of exciting topics that fall under the aerospace umbrella, and as an aerospace engineer, I'd like to share some knowledge! TythosEternal (discuss • contribs) 04:13, 24 February 2013 (UTC)
 * Definition of Field
 * Qualifications and Skills
 * Mathematics (vector calculus, differential equations, numerics)
 * Physics (kinematics, em, gravity)
 * Chemistry (combustion, metallurgy, compsites)
 * Systems & Electronics (instrumentation, controls, integration)
 * Computers (flight software, flight hardware, cad/m&s)
 * Aerospace Engineers
 * Kelly Johnson
 * Werner von Braun
 * Pierre Sprey
 * Common Industries and Employers
 * Launch Vehicles
 * SpaceX
 * United Launch Alliance
 * Scientific Research
 * JPL
 * NASA
 * Spacecraft Design, Construction, and Operation
 * Space Systems / Loral
 * Northrop Grumman
 * Entry and Career Path
 * High School
 * College
 * Graduate School
 * Entry & Internships
 * Mid-career and Specializations
 * Topics
 * Additional Readings
 * External Links
 * References
 * External Links
 * References
 * References

title: Talk:Aerospace engineering


text: User talk:Chazz02

title: User talk:Chazz02


text: User talk:LimeWire

title: User talk:LimeWire


text: User talk:Orionist

title: User talk:Orionist


text: User talk:Majorshake

title: User talk:Majorshake


text:
User talk:Innov8~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Innov8. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Innov8~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:34, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:11, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Innov8~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Jbwarnken~enwikiversity

computer learning resources for seniors
Are you familiar with how a wiki website works? --JWSchmidt 01:45, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Jbwarnken. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Jbwarnken~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:39, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:12, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jbwarnken~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Ravi12346

Project incubator update on HHF
Please check Project_incubator for an update on HHF. I have made a forum like structure for discussing topics in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry and Biology. I have a target audience for this forum, so that won't be a problem. We have definite use for this forum, but there are somethings that are required for a smooth operation of the forum. Please feel free to brainstorm on the project incubator about this project. In the mean while, you can have a look at HHF. --Dharav talk 12:32, 24 August 2009 (UTC)

title: User talk:Ravi12346


text: User talk:Tracymp

title: User talk:Tracymp


text: User talk:Pranavkakde

title: User talk:Pranavkakde


text: User talk:Agremon

title: User talk:Agremon


text: User talk:Ifiwerearichman

title: User talk:Ifiwerearichman


text: User talk:Falava

title: User talk:Falava


text: User talk:Kmendoza

title: User talk:Kmendoza


text:
User:Jjlongoria

Jon

Occupation Currently working as a chemistry/biology tutor at UT-Pan American.

Undergraduate 2nd-year Student, Classification: Junior Working towards a BS in Pre-Pharmacy (Chemistry) and BS in Biology, particularly emphasizing human function and disease. The University of Texas - Pan American College of Science and Engineering

Graduate Plans Pharm.D. from the University of Texas School of Pharmacy Ph.D. in Pharmacology from the University of Texas School of Pharmacy

Languages of Interest English Japanese (日本語)

Me on Wikibooks Me on Wikipedia

title: User:Jjlongoria


text:
Talk:List of extinct languages

Manx and cornish aren't extinct languages: They are studied in some schools and are in process of recuperation. —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 213.60.38.31 (talk • contribs) 09:26, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

title: Talk:List of extinct languages


text:
User:Ce garcon~enwikiversity

I am "Ce_garcon" on Wikipedia. See: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Ce_garcon

title: User:Ce garcon~enwikiversity


text:
Building A Cigar Box Guitar

From the Wikipedia Article:

The cigar box guitar is a primitive chordophone whose resonator is a discarded cigar box. Because the instrument is homemade, there is no standard for dimensions, string types or construction techniques. Many early cigar box guitars consisted only of one or two strings that were attached to the ends of a broomstick that was inserted into the cigar box. Other cigar box guitars were more complex, with the builder attempting to simulate a real stringed instrument, such as a guitar, banjo, or fiddle.

Currently, there is a resurgence in this humble instrument and musicians are creating many new designs. Some are adding additional strings and necks while others are incorporating active electronics that make them playable through guitar amplifiers. These musicians gather daily in the Cigar Box Guitar Forum [1] to discuss new construction techniques, playing styles and more. There are also several cigar box guitar festivals being organized throughout the United States.

If a cigar box is not available, other substitutes have been suggested. Notably, an unused pizza box.

Project Outline
This project is designed to help those in need or want to build a homemade guitar out of a couple of spare parts found inexpensively. For the average price of about $15 (not including necessary tools), you can craft and complete a working instrument, electrified or acoustic, to add a unique flair to performance or casual play.

Materials Needed

 * Wooden Cigar Box (the larger, the better)
 * 3 foot long 1x2 (Poplar wood is most affordable for its durability)
 * Elmer's Wood Glue, or other company's wood glues, or Gorilla glue
 * Tuning Machines Elderly Music (wide selection)
 * 1/2 pint sealant/stain
 * Sponge Paint Brush (1/2" to 1" works well)
 * Sandpaper (220 grain)
 * Drill w/ multiple sized bits
 * Hacksaw/Coping Saw
 * 1/2" Woodfile

Getting Started
There are as many ways to construct a Cigar Box Guitar (or CBG) as there are people on this earth, what I am outlining for you is my own method of construction I have come up with through trial and error. To keep things simple, I am going to stick with the most basic techniques.

Make sure you have a couple of hours to dedicated to the initial steps of construction, as these require the most care. Give yourself plenty of working space, and depending on where you are working, be prepared to clean up a lot of sawdust and wood scrap. Make sure to envision what you want your CBG to look like before you jump in and start making cuts in your wood. This can be a slow learning process, so just be patient and sooner than you may think, you'll have your very own hand-built CBG to show off and play.

title: Building A Cigar Box Guitar


text:
User:Rei-artur

Hey Rei-artur, sorry for my delay, the weekends are difficult for me because my kids are at home and they require lots of attentions. Anyway, thanks for your inspiring response. I really like all the versions you made, they are all very professional. However, I prefer to stay away from circles of any kind, because they suggest the idea that something is complete and self contain. I think we should try to encourage the notion that wikiversity is an open and welcoming community. I also think that posting more designs in the actual contest page could contribute to split the vote. Perhaps it is better to wait until the second round before crowding the page. I am really excited about this. I think we got a good idea going here. Thank you again. Aldenis 16:32, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Hey there again. I think that Ubuntu already used three guys holding hands, and MSN Spaces already stole the idea from them.  Maybe we should arrange our readers a little bit differently. How about this: Aldenis 18:52, 19 September 2006 (UTC)

title: User:Rei-artur


text:
GarageBand/Audio and video resources

Please list links to video and audio files that can be used for Introduction to GarageBand and related projects.

Links

 * Troldhaugen.ogg - digital audio
 * WikiversityReports1.OGG - Ogg video
 * Category:Audio media - Category:Video media

title: GarageBand/Audio and video resources


text:
User:Ravi12346

My name is Ravi Fernando. My specialty is math. I'm currently a sophomore in high school, but am taking Linear Algebra at the local university. If you have any questions, please see my talk page.

title: User:Ravi12346


text: User talk:Shelldince

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text: User talk:MedicalStudentsUnited.com

title: User talk:MedicalStudentsUnited.com


text:
User talk:AVieira~enwikiversity

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User talk:Martin (usurped)~enwikiversity

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The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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User talk:Lubiann~enwikiversity

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User talk:Oukotinega~enwikiversity

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User talk:Bretto~enwikiversity

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User talk:Puskar06~enwikiversity

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User talk:Ce garcon~enwikiversity

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text: User talk:Enoch garegae

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User talk:Rstelter~enwikiversity

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text: User talk:Dsurowiak

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text:
User talk:Jjlongoria

Rates of Reaction - Kinetics
Hello Jjlongoria! I recently modified the "course" named Rates of Reaction - Kinetics. Course material was added, mainly in the section discussing the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction. After reading your presentation paragraph on your user page, I though you could maybe take a look at the new version of the course and make some corrections if necessary. --BScMScMD (talk) 15:52, 28 June 2012 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jjlongoria


text: User talk:Reonnsmile

title: User talk:Reonnsmile


text:
User:ES~enwikiversity

Sandbox
This is a test of immediately following text.

title: User:ES~enwikiversity


text:
Template:Prereq

"lesson" in the template can be replaced by the "type" template parameter, if only a part of the lesson needs the other information. Hopefully, this can be used in the future to automatically create "Where to go next" links.

title: Template:Prereq


text:
Fundamentals of Music

Welcome to Wikiversity’s courses on Music Theory!

Welcome to Music Theory! Music theory is the reasoning behind music – what makes songs work, and rules to either follow or break when composing.

Before getting into any complications at all, you need to have a very, very solid foundation in the basics of written music: rhythm and pitch.

Basics of rhythm
It’s easy to overlook the study of rhythm, but rhythm is what makes music interesting. You can have a gorgeous melody and accompaniment, but without the knowledge of how to actually write that song of yours in standard musical notation, it’s useless – or at least not living up to its full potential.

Reading rhythm in sheet music is like reading punctuation – it’s very, very easy to simply scan over and recognize, but it shapes the feel, flow, and emphasis of music.

Note values and modifiers
Students may want to refer to a [[Media:Note table.pdf| table of relative note values]] in conventional Western notation.

Note values
Note values are relatively simple to learn. Note values simply represent the duration of notes.

IMPORTANT: In 4/4 time:

A whole note represents 4 quarter notes: four fourths, which lasts as long as a measure.

A half note represents 2 quarter notes: two fourths, half of a measure.

A quarter note is one of the most common note values; it represents 1/4 of a measure, or one beat.

An eighth note is the second most common note value; it represents half of a quarter note. Count “one – and – two – and – three – and – four – and” aloud; these are eighth notes, both the numbers and the “ands.”

A sixteenth note is half of an eighth note. Count "one - e - and - a - two - e - and - a - three - e - and - a - four - e - and - a" aloud; these are sixteenth notes, each number, 'e', 'and', and 'a' (pronounced 'ah').

A thirty-second note is half of a sixteenth note.

A sixty-fourth note is half of a thirty-second note.

And so on, and so on. Notes smaller than sixteenth notes are not very common. As a self-test, and in four-four time: 1. How many quarter notes are in a measure? 2. How many eighth notes are in a measure? 3. How many half notes are in a whole note? 4. How many eighth notes are in a quarter note? 5. How many eighth notes are in a half note? 6. How many sixty-fourth notes are in a quarter note? 7. How many thirty-second notes are in a whole note?

(Answers: 1. Four 2. Eight 3. Two 4. Two 5. Four 6. Sixteen 7. Thirty-two)

Sound samples and notation
Listen to these two samples until you can tell, which one is in 4/4 time (like a march), and which is in 3/4 time (like a waltz).

In written form, these two samples look like this:

(For these examples a quarter note (or crotchet) lasts for one beat, but the time signature could be written differently to indicate that i.e. a half note (or minim) would last for one beat)

Sample no.1 is in 3/4 time, three beats to the bar, with the first beat of the bar emphasized.

Sample no.2 is in 4/4 time, four beats to the bar, with the first beat of the bar emphasized.

Modifiers
A dot extends a note’s duration by one-half of that note’s value. For example, a dotted whole note equals the whole note plus half of the whole note, a half note. This is equal to six quarter notes. As another example, a dotted quarter note is equal to a quarter note and an eighth note combined, or three eighth notes. A double-dotted note takes the dotted note as one entity and adds half of the entire value of the dotted note; therefore, a double-dotted quarter note is equal to a quarter note ‘’plus’’ an eighth note ‘’plus’’ a sixteenth note; this is also equal to seven sixteen notes. Double-dotted notes are uncommon, but dotted notes are relatively very common. 1. How many quarter notes are in a dotted half note? 2. How many half notes are in a dotted whole note? 3. How many sixteenth notes are in a dotted whole note? 4. How many thirty-second notes are in a double-dotted eighth note? 5. How many sixteenth notes are in a double-dotted eighth note?

(Answers: 1. Three 2. Three 3. Twenty Four 4. Seven 5. Three and a half)

A tie is used for holding a single pitch for a long period of time, usually, or sometimes to make the division of the measure clearer. A tie connects the two notes, making their duration as long as the combination of the two notes.

Time signatures
A time signature is the part of the music that tells us the rhythmic feel of a song. The most common time signature in Western music is 4/4, written out as one four over another (without a dividing line like that of a fraction), or occasionally simply as “C” (for “common time”). Other relatively common time signatures are 3/4, 2/4, and 6/8.

The number on the bottom of a time signature is the note value that gets a beat, and the number on top is the number of beats in a measure. So, a time signature that has a 9 as its top number gets nine beats per measure, and a time signature with a 4 as its bottom number tells us that a quarter note equals one beat.

If you find that confusing, think of it this way: In three-four time (3/4), there are three quarter notes in a measure: three "fourth" notes. In six-eight time (6/8), six eighth notes make up a measure: six eighths. In two-four time (2/4), two quarter notes make up a measure. As a self-test, what will constitute a complete measure in 9/8 time? (Answer: nine eighth notes.)

Time signatures can also be divided into several types: Simple time signatures, Compound time signatures, and Complex time signatures.

Simple time signatures
Simple time signatures consist of note groupings that are divided into twos. For example, 2/4, 3/4, and 4/4 are all examples of simple time signatures, because the note patterns are divided into twos. Many marches, such as National Emblem, The Stars And Stripes Forever, and Barnum & Bailey's Favorite are all written in a simple time signature, usually 2/2, sometimes referred to as cut time by musicians because of the symbol used to indicate it (a letter C with a vertical slash dividing it in half, similar to the cent (¢) sign).

Compound time signatures
Compound time signatures consist of note groupings that divide into three parts, as compared to the simple time signatures above. 6/8, 9/8, and 12/8 are all good examples of compound time signatures. Well-known musical works that use compound time signatures include: The Ride of the Valkyries from Wagner's opera Die Walküre (uses 9/8); The Washington Post march, by John Philip Sousa (uses 6/8); and Blues In The Night, a blues song by Johnny Mercer and Harold Arlen (uses 12/8).

Complex time signatures
Complex time signatures consist of combinations of twos and threes, and are characterized by the unequal or awkward feeling they can sometimes impart to a piece of music. Time signatures such as 5/4, 7/8, and 11/8 are all examples of complex time signatures. Well-known musical works that include complex time signatures include Mars from The Planets by Gustav Holst (uses 5/2 and 5/4), the theme from Mission: Impossible by Lalo Schifrin (uses 5/4), and the theme for the forces of Mordor from the Lord Of The Rings movies by Howard Shore (uses 5/4).

Similar to simple and compound time signatures, there is a general difference between complex time signatures in 4 (5/4) and complex time signatures in 8 (5/8). In 4, typically the beat that the beat unit stays constant but is grouped in various ways (the "constant beat" is the quarter note, but it's grouped in groups of 3 and 2). If you were to clap along to Mars from The Planets, each clap would be the same length (5 claps, since the piece is in 5/4). In 8 however, the beat unit changes throughout the measure (there is no "constant beat," the beat the musicians feel is constantly changing in length). If you were to clap along to the beginning of Blue Rondo à la Turk by The Dave Brubeck Quartet (9/8) the 4th clap in the first measure would be longer than the first 3 claps. In 8 the subdivision stays constant and is grouped into beats of different lengths, for example the first measure of Blue Rondo à la Turk the has 3 beats that are groupings of 2 eighth notes, and a 4th beat that is a grouping of 3 eighth notes (this would be notated as 2+2+2+3).

Fundamentals of music
Before beginning the following courses offered in Music Theory, it's crucial to have a basic knowledge of the fundamentals of music. Let's start with the staff.

Musical staff
The staff is the set of parallel, horizontal lines upon which notes are drawn. The staff has 5 lines and 4 spaces, numbered from the bottom up. Extra, shorter lines can be added above and below the regular staff, and are called ledger lines. Each line, and space represents a different pitch. Before notes can be placed on a staff, you must first show three other things: the clef, the key signature, and the time signature. Musical_staff

Clefs
Clefs tell you which pitches are assigned to which lines / spaces. There are two common clefs that we will discuss first and those are the bass clef, and the treble clef. Clef

Treble Clef
The treble clef is the most widely-used clef, followed by the bass clef. It uses the G clef symbol to assign the note G above middle C to the 2nd line from the bottom of the staff. Most woodwind instruments read treble clef, as well as high brass, violins, Mallet percussion, and other instruments of acute tone; violas and cellos occasionally use the treble clef to avoid excessive ledger lines in extended high passages. On the piano, the upper clef is usually written in the treble clef, while the lower clef is usually written in bass clef.

The order of the notes on the lines and spaces in ascending order on the Treble Clef is E,F,G,A,B,C,D,E,F. Several mnemonics are commonly used to remember the five notes corresponding to the five lines of the treble clef (E, G, B, D, F), including:

Eternal God Brings Destiny Forever Every Good Boy Deserves Fudge Every Good Boy Does Fine Empty Garbage Before Dad Flips Elvis' Guitar Broke Down Friday

The acronym FACE is used to remember the notes corresponding to the four spaces in between the lines.

Forever Angels Call Eternity

Bass Clef
The Bass Clef is less common than the Treble clef among instruments. Instruments that use it include bassoons, some saxophones, tubas and other low brass, bass and other low strings, and timpani. The order of the notes on the lines and spaces in ascending order on the Bass Clef is G,A,B,C,D,E,F,G,A. The notes in the spaces of the staff, from bottom to top, are (A, C, E, G). Some acronyms that may help you remember this are: Angels Call Eternity God          All Cows Eat Grass All Cars Eat Gas          Ace Good

The notes on the lines of the staff, from bottom to top, are (G, B, D, F, A). Several acronyms that may help you remember this are: God Brings Destiny For Angels Good Babies Do Fine Always Good Boys Do Fine Always Great Big Dogs Fight Animals Good Boys Don't Frighten Animals Good Boys Deserve Fudge Always

Grand Staff
Many instruments play with two staffs at a single time, such as keyboard instruments like the piano or harpsichord, and certain mallet percussion instruments like marimba also use the grand staff for solo repertoire. When both the treble and bass clef are used at the same time to write music, it is referred to as the grand staff. This allows composers to notate music that spans the full range of a keyboard or an ensemble. When used for piano or keyboard music, it's common for each clef to represent music written for the write hand (treble) or the left hand (bass). In 4-part harmony writing, the top 2 voices will be placed in the treble clef, and the bottom two voices will be placed in the bass clef.

C Clef
The last clef in common use is the C clef (also called Alto Clef) often used for vocal music, viola players, and in limited use for other instruments such as bassoon and trombone. This clef is movable, meaning that it may appear anywhere on the staff, indicating the note C at its center. A common example of this is the Tenor clef, read by cello, bass, and trombone. In Tenor Clef middle C is on the second line down. In the example shown to the right, the middle line is C.

For more information, see the Wikipedia article: Clef

title: Fundamentals of Music


text:
File:WikiversityReports1.OGG

Summary
I (John Schmidt) made this using iMovie.

Help with Ogg video file play.

title: File:WikiversityReports1.OGG


title: File:Spiralgalaxy9115.JPG


text:
Programming languages

Contents
Programming languages are the method used to instruct a computer in how to accomplish a task.

A programming language is a collection of operators and instructions, with specific rules or syntax regarding how the instructions are placed together. Various operations can be combined in an almost infinite number of ways to achieve the tasks we want the computer to perform.

Low-Level Languages
Some programming languages are bound to a particular set of hardware, commonly called Low-Level languages. Low-level languages will consist of a very small amount of abstraction to no abstraction from the computers set architecture. This language is able to covert to machine code, without the need of an interpreter. It will run the program straight on the processor. Typically, low-level languages are simple and will run very quickly. An example of a low-level language is Assembly, where the target is for a particular CPU instruction set. See Low-level programming language for more information.

High-Level Languages
Other languages are more abstract from the hardware, and are known as High-Level languages. High-Level languages will consist of a large amount of abstraction from the computers set architecture. A lot of the time, High-Level languages will use natural language aspects, which makes it easier to use and can automate areas found in the computing systems. This language can make the development of programs simpler and significantly easier to understand, compared to a Low-Level language. An example of a high level language is Java. See High-level programming language for more information.

Other Information
Early generations of computer languages were mostly procedural in nature. Theory taught that code should be logically divided, but left that division up to the programmer. More recently, Object Oriented languages have become more prominent. These languages encourage a more logical division of code.

One thing that should be noted is that programming languages are tools, and every tool has its strengths and weaknesses. While a high level language isolates a programmer from hardware, the programmer loses the ability to directly control that hardware. Choosing the right tool for a problem is very important.

Questions for self-test

 * Next lesson
 * Back to course contents

Multimedia

 * YouTube: The First Programming Languages
 * YouTube: Low-Level vs High-Level Programming Languages
 * YouTube: Machine Code and High Level Languages using Interpreters and Compilers

See also: programming languages
Category:Programming languages - An overview of many different languages
 * Ada
 * Assembly
 * Bash
 * C
 * C++
 * Go
 * Haskell
 * Java
 * JavaScript
 * Lua
 * mKR
 * Pascal
 * PowerShell
 * Processing
 * Prolog
 * Python
 * Rust
 * Smalltalk

title: Programming languages


text:
Basics of computer architecture

This is a lesson from the course Introduction to Computer Science, which is a part of The School of Computer Science.

Instructions for this lesson
Read the text and try to understand it. If something is not clear, follow the links for explanation.

Objective
Understanding how your computer works is a gateway to understanding what you can do with your computer. You must thoroughly understand the main components inside your computer and how they work together. After the course Introduction to Computers, you should be familiar with a computer's basic components.

Be able to answer these questions:
 * What would happen if a computer didn't have a hard drive (HDD)?

Contents
see also Computer Architecture Lab At the heart of any computer, modern or early, is a circuit called an ALU, or Arithmetic Logic Unit. It's comprised of a few simple operations which can be done very quickly. This, along with a small amount of memory running at processor speed called registers, make up what is known as the CPU, or Central Processing Unit.

A CPU isn't very useful unless there is some way to communicate to it, and receive information back from it. The communication process the computer employs is usually known as a Bus. The Bus is the input/output, or I/O gateway, for the CPU. The primary area with which the CPU communicates within its system memory in is commonly known as RAM, or Random Access Memory. Depending on the platform, the CPU may communicate with other parts of the system directly, or indirectly through its memory.

The "word" size of a platform is the native amount of bits that can be moved over the bus that is internal to the CPU.* Early computers varied on bit sizes, but most modern computers work in multiples of 8 bits, commonly known as a Byte. The first general purpose CPU on a chip, built by Intel, was the 8080 built in 1974. The 8080 used an 8 bit word, meaning it would communicate over the bus 1 byte at a time. In contrast, the 80386, built in 1985, has a 32 bit (4 byte) word, and the IA64, built in 2001 is a 64 bit (8 byte) word.

 * Note that a few companies considered the "word" size to be number of bits transferred at one time over the CPU<=>RAM bus. Technically, knowing the actual "word" size inside the CPU can be quite important for people developing system level software, such as device drivers.

Questions for self-test
The CPU, RAM, and other components all work together to run computer software.

An important piece of software for the computer is called the kernel.

The kernel helps the CPU, RAM, hard drive, and other devices all talk to each other. We will go over how the kernel actually works in more detail in a later course. When we use our computers, everything we do (instructions, commands, programs, applications) goes through the kernel. Knowing what the kernel does gives a solid foundation for many other computer science ideas.

title: Basics of computer architecture


text:
Personal computers

This is a lesson in in the course, Introduction to Computer Science, which is a part of The School of Computer Science

Objective
Personal computers revolutionized the world in a multitude of ways. After this lesson about the history of personal computers, students should be able to answer these questions:

 * What is a personal computer?
 * How is it different from computers of the previous generation?
 * How have our lives and the world at large been influenced by the PC?

Contents
To quote Wikipedia, "A personal computer (PC) is a computer whose original sales price, size, and capabilities make it useful for individuals."

Personal computers are computers that are used by one person at a time. Most computers in existence today are personal computers. Personal computers are most commonly used at home or in an office, but they can be found elsewhere, especially if the personal computer in question is a laptop. The concept of a personal computer began in the 1970s with important individuals involved in academics or research owning a personal computer for use in the workplace. Prior to this, computers were massive and extremely expensive machines that were only used by large companies, universities, and the government. These computers, obviously, were too expensive for most people to purchase, but all that changed in 1975 with the invention of the microprocessor. This product allowed computers to be much smaller and produced at a much cheaper cost, however these first computers with microprocessors were not very easy to use. The use of personal computers continued to grow throughout the 1980s with more development making computers cheaper, smaller, and easier to use. In the 1990s, computers became even more powerful causing them to be mainstream in many homes. Today, computers are better than ever and are used by people for work, games, information, and other things.

See also:

 * Personal Computers

title: Personal computers


text:
How to go about implementing a problem solution as a program

Course Navigation

A common misconception newcomers have to programming is that when a programmer approaches a problem, he or she just sits down at a computer and starts typing out straight code. (Well, ok, some programmers do this, but it's a bad idea for all but very simple cases as it leads to messy, difficult to maintain code).

Here's an approach to programming problems that has served me well over the years. Let's take an example... something not too complicated... hmm... Ok, let's say you want to make the computer play the Hangman word game. Here's a good way to go from idea to finished program:

1. State the problem and figure out in more detail what you need to accomplish.

You want the computer to play hangman. In more detail, what is that going to require? Well let's think... - We'll need some way for the user to guess a letter (by hitting a key on the keyboard). - We should draw the hanging man somehow... we can represent him by simple characters like so: o       -|- /| - We should display the correct guesses as well as blanks, something like this: H_MB_RG_R

Ok, that gives us a rough idea of what we need to accomplish.

2. Go from your requirements to an English language procedure. (of course you can replace English with your native language :)

Alright, we have some idea of what we need to do, now how can we do it? Well let's go through our requirements one by one, and start programming in English.

Make up a mystery word. We need to wait until the user types a letter on the keyboard. Then we'll check if the letter they guessed is one of the letters in the mystery word. Then we update the mystery word with the guessed letters, if necessary. And then we redraw the man, if necessary. And then we loop back to the beginning and start over. We'll stop looping if the mystery word is fully revealed, or the man gets fully hanged.

Alright, we're halfway there! Note that we haven't needed to deal with a single word of programming language. In fact we could implement this program in just about any language. The algorithm is the important part, the actual implementation is just details; it's been said that 90% of a programmers time is not spent actually writing code, but figuring out how it will work.

3. Go from English to pseudo-code. Pseudo-code isn't really a programming language, but it looks kind of like one. Comments (the text after "//") are an important part of code. Sometimes computer code can be hard to read, so comments help us keep straight what certain things are for, at a glance; it makes the code easier to understand both for other programmers and for ourselves should we come back to this code at some point down the road (think about whether or not you remember the whole script from a movie you saw a long time ago, or just the message behind the movie).

Note that "//" before a line indicates a comment.

//The game has started. We need a word to guess. theMysteryWord = makeUpAMysteryWordRepresentedBy

//While we haven't lost the game, do these things. while theGame ≠ lost  AND  theGame ≠ won

//We need to wait until the user types a letter on the keyboard. waitForALetterFromTheKeyboard; then

//Then we'll check if the letter they guessed is one of the letters in the mystery word. seeIfTheMysteryWordHas( theLetterFromTheKeyboard ); then

//Then we update what's been guessed of the mystery word. update(theMysteryWordGuess); then

//And then we update the drawing of the man. updateTheMan; then

//Do this if and only if we've guessed the mystery word. if theMysteryWordIsFullyGuessed Tell user, "You win!", then set theGame = won; endif //Do this if and only if the man has been hung. if theManIsFullyHanged display("You lose :("); then       display(theMysteryWord); then        set theGame = lost;    endif

//If we made it this far and the game hasn't been lost or won, Go back and see if that'll change the next time through; otherwise, we can go past. endWhile

//Exit the game. exit

4. Alrighty! Now we're 70% of the way there. Time to take our pseudo-code and implement it in our favorite programming language.

 * Next Lesson
 * Previous Lesson
 * Course Home Page


text:
User:Jebso

Hi, my name's Jesse. I attended the University of Texas at Austin for two years before dropping out to make computer games for a living. If you want you can check out my work at CrookedGames.com.

I believe, as I'm sure many of you do, that Wikiversity has massive potential. I hope to poke my head in once in a while to see how things are going, and maybe help out a bit.

Take care!

title: User:Jebso


text:
Talk:Basic computer network components

Your punctuation needs a bit of revision, it's a bit hard to read at points.--58.160.128.47 11:49, 19 September 2006 (UTC) '''Mine is just a complement. The info is precise n straight to the point.'''

title: Talk:Basic computer network components


text:
Financial Accounting/Session 1

Accounting: Accounting is the art of interpreting, measuring and communicating the results of economic activities.

The Accounting Equation:

Assets = Liabilities + Owner's Equity

The resources owned by a business are its assets; for example, assets can consist of cash, inventory, land, and buildings. The rights, claims or obligations to creditors are the liabilities. The rights of the owners are called the owner's equity; the rights of the owners is the residual amount after deducting liabilities from assets.

All business transactions can be stated in terms of changes in the elements of the accounting equation. A useful way to conceptualize the accounting equation is that the left side (assets), "is what the Owner has" and the right side (liabilities + owner's equity) "is the method by which the Owner obtained the asset". For example, you have cash, inventory and buildings and you obtained it by using retained earnings(owner's equity), borrowing (liabilities), or raising capital (capital stock or contributed capital).

The Accounting equation can be re-arranged in the following ways:

Assets - Liabilities = Owner's Equity

Assets - Owner's Equity = Liabilities

Here's an example of a transaction to demonstrate the accounting equation. John has $1,000 and would like to purchase a vehicle. However, the vehicle he would like to purchase costs $10,000. So, John arranged a loan from the bank for $9,000. Thus, John is now able to pay for the vehicle for $10,000.

Now let's demonstrate the accounting equation from the economic activity from John's side. He has a vehicle worth $10,000, which is an asset on his books. However, he has a $9,000 loan which is now recorded as a liability. This liability is a obligation he owes to the bank. In addition, John contributed $1,000 towards the vehicle, creating an equity in John's books.

Therefore, the accounting equation is as follows:

10,000 Asset = 9,000 Liability + 1,000 Equity

---

Debits/Credits Rule This rule is based on the behaviour of accounts.

When a financial transaction is recorded, the Debits (Dr) and Credits (Cr) need to balance in order to keep the accounts in balance.

An easy rule to remember is, "Debit the Asset that Increases"

For example, if you want to practice accounting for cooking a simple breakfast, you might proceed as follows:

To record breaking the eggs and putting the eggs in the frying pan
 * Dr the frying pan 2 egg yolks
 * Dr the frying pan 2 egg whites
 * Dr the trash basket 2 egg shells
 * Cr the carton of eggs 2 whole eggs

In this transaction, an asset, (the egg) is split into parts and some of the asset goes in the pan and some in the trash. A Debit (Dr) is used to show that the assets in the pan and the trash both increase. A balancing Credit (Cr) is used to show that the amount of assets (whole eggs) in the egg carton has decreased.

This transaction is in balance because the total Credits equal the total Debits. Everything that is covered by the Debits (yolk, white and shell) is also covered by the Credits (one whole egg)

Of course if you: Then logically you would:
 * Debit the asset that increases
 * Credit the asset that decreases
 * Credit the liability or owners equity that increases
 * Debit the liability or owners equity that decreases

A popular acronym to help accounting students to remember what to do when an account INCREASES is DEAD CURLS. It's silly, but it helps:

D - Debit INCREASES in E - Expenses A - Assets D - Dividends

C - Credit INCREASES in U - Unearned Revenue (Sometimes the 'U' will just be blank as a filler, because Unearned Revenue is technically a liability) R - Revenue L - Liabilities S - Stockholder/Owner's Equity

---

More about Debits

An elderly accountant had just retired. The boss was cleaning out his desk. Taped to the center of the top middle drawer was a piece of paper with the words:

 * Debits go on the Window side

i do not understand joke and debits and credits too)

title: Financial Accounting/Session 1


text: User talk:Wiki-pirate

title: User talk:Wiki-pirate


text: User talk:Osufootball8404

title: User talk:Osufootball8404


text: User talk:Dbrod1689

title: User talk:Dbrod1689


text: User talk:Ella Johns

title: User talk:Ella Johns


text: User talk:Pvurcell

title: User talk:Pvurcell


text: User talk:Corvu

title: User talk:Corvu


text:
User talk:ES~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called ES. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name ES~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:31, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:06, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:ES~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Pvpurcell

title: User talk:Pvpurcell


text:
User talk:Abhishek pandey~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Abhishek pandey. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Abhishek pandey~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:26, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Abhishek pandey~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Jebso

title: User talk:Jebso


text: User talk:Rajeshmudaliar

title: User talk:Rajeshmudaliar


text:
User talk:Akhtar~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Akhtar. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Akhtar~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Akhtar~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Shams~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Shams. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Shams~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:58, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:22, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Shams~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Axiom~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Axiom. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Axiom~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:28, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Axiom~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Pande sm

title: User talk:Pande sm


text: User talk:Lingbs

title: User talk:Lingbs


text:
User talk:Sreekumar~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:02, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

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title: User talk:Sreekumar~enwikiversity


text: Web Writing/Wikis

title: Web Writing/Wikis


text:
User talk:Suresh~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Suresh. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Suresh~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:04, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Suresh~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Modigliani~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

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Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

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Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:43, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:Modigliani~enwikiversity


text:
International Law/Public

What is Law?
Most academic law courses begin with this sort of a question.

Start now by trying it: Write down as many characterstics of law as you can think of.

If you have other people around, ask them. See how your lists compare.

I'd suggest some of the words you might have used would be:

 * Rule
 * Binding
 * Enforcement / enforceable
 * Sanction
 * Authority (as in, rules created by an accepted authority)
 * State / Government
 * Courts

Implicitly here I am assuming we are talking about the law of a state (in the sense of an international country, rather than a domestic unit - i.e. I mean the USA, not California).

This is not the place to go into too much detail, but let me offer a couple of definitions:

"The written and unwritten body of rules largely derived from custom and formal enactment which are recognised as binding among those persons who constitute a community or state, so that they will be imposed upon and enforced among those persons by appropriate sanctions."

"The body of rules and guidelines within which society requires its judges to administer justice" - Lord Scarman

Activity: See what you can find in the way of definitions on the Internet.

What then is Public International Law?
Public International Law discusses on matters as the law of international organizations, the law of treaties, human rights, humanitarian law, international courts,etc.(Zarefar, A. at fa:wikipedia)

title: International Law/Public


text: User talk:Ajax777

title: User talk:Ajax777


text:
User talk:BurblingJacamar~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called BurblingJacamar. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name BurblingJacamar~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:32, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:BurblingJacamar~enwikiversity


text: User talk:Hiepnv249

title: User talk:Hiepnv249


text: User talk:Rick081563

title: User talk:Rick081563


text:
User talk:CSM~enwikiversity

your user page seems a copy

 * Hello CSM,
 * your user page seems a copy of this wikipedia article Cigarette Smoking Man.
 * Please see: What Wikiversity is not

 * "A duplication of other Wikimedia projects. While Wikiversity complements other Wikimedia projects, it will not simply duplicate their content. So, if you want to read about a topic, you may be better off visiting, say, Wikipedia or Wikibooks, but if you want to learn about this topic, you can do so at Wikiversity. Learning materials will be created and used on Wikiversity, but materials on other projects may also be used as learning materials themselves or even places to consolidate this learning, i.e. writing an article, manual etc based on what you've learned. There may be some overlapping, but each project will maintain its own focus."

 * Also worthwile reading: What is Wikiversity?
 * How to Cite from Wikipedia.
 * Everybody can copy and paste. But few can make something else from what they read. Come on, let's make a learning experience from this. What is your view on this ? Erkan Yilmaz ( my talk page, wiki blog ) 06:44, 24 September 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called CSM. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name CSM~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:28, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
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title: User talk:CSM~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Aec~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Aec. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Aec~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:27, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:02, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Aec~enwikiversity


text:
User talk:Hala~enwikiversity

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Hala. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Hala~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:33, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:10, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hala~enwikiversity