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Wikiversity:Open Proxies

Welcome to Wikiversity. There is a chance that you are blocked from editing Wikiversity through no fault of your own. Please read the following information in order to understand why you are blocked from editing and what to do about it.

What is an open proxy and how does it work?
Generally, a proxy server allows users within a network group to store and forward internet services such as Domain Name System or web pages so that the bandwidth used by the group is reduced and controlled. With an "open" proxy, however, any user on the Internet is able to use this forwarding service.

By utilizing some open proxies (the so-called "anonymous" open proxies), users can conceal their true IP address from the accessed service, and this is sometimes used to abuse or interrupt that service, potentially violating its terms of service or the law; open proxies are therefore often seen as a problem. However, anonymous open proxies are also used to increase anonymity or security when browsing the web or using other internet services: a user's true IP address can be used to deduce information about that user and to crack (computer security) into his or her computer. Furthermore, open proxies can be used to circumvent efforts at Internet censorship by governments or organizations. Several web sites exist which provide constantly updated lists of open proxies.

 * If you have been blocked as an open proxy, please see Meta:WikiProject on open proxies/Help:blocked.

Open Proxies, Zombie machines, and Tor exit nodes are generally blocked on Wikimedia projects due to abuse by trolls and vandals. This policy has been in place since February 2004, you may read more about it at this meta page.

Members

 * Please add your name here if you are interested in helping this project:

Alerts

 * If you suspect an IP is an open proxy, list it below for checking
 * See also Wikipedia:Open proxy detection

title: Wikiversity:Open Proxies


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User talk:MichaelBillington/Archive

You have a new memo from TehKewl1.

Custodian
I have promoted you to temporary custodian for the duration of your mentorship period until January 8. Your mentor will be User:SB Johnny. Whenever you get a chance, you might want to list yourself at Staff. Good luck with the mop! sebmol ? 17:00, 11 December 2006 (UTC)

Mark as small edit
Dear Michael Billington, Can you mark your blocking and other user edits as small edits?--Hillgentleman|Talk 08:25, 12 December 2006 (UTC)
 * Unfortunately the blocks can't be marked as minor, but I'll see what I can do about the talk page posts, I should be able to fix them so you can hide them from recent changes. Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 08:33, 12 December 2006 (UTC)

Open proxy blocking
Hi Michael, I'm wondering why you have blocked so many open proxy addresses today - ie why they "need to be blocked" - and indefinitely at that. Open Proxies doesn't really explain anything.. Cormaggio talk 00:17, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure how much you know on the subject, so I'll start from the beginning: Open proxies are computers that anybody on the internet can connect to in order to make edits to Wikiversity whilst hiding their true IP address. Most planned (as in, not just from a schools somewhere) vandalism comes from open proxies. They are abused most often for spamming, crapflooding forums and - adding obscene images to wikis. When a vandal is banned, they will often just find an open proxy to continue editing, and because Jimbo himself couldn't come up with a valid use of open proxies for editing, they have been systematically banned on all Wikimedia projects which have a userbase willing to do so. (see )  This is done pre-emptively, even to IP addresses with no contributions, in order reduce the number of possible ways people can evade blocks and bans. I hope this explains it to you, cheers. Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 00:37, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Yep, thanks. I didn't know anything about open proxies, but only went off to read about them after I posted here - sorry about that! Cormaggio talk 00:41, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

User:Mike
Hi - I just wonder if that's fair to claim this username, when it's not the one you use. Is this in anticipation of Single Login perhaps? Sorry to chime in critically again - and thanks for all your work over the last two days or so. :-) Cormaggio talk 14:51, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * It's probably a good idea to turn it into a userspace disambiguation page or something similar, as single login will be enough to bug anybody editng under a common user name - so I wouldn't edit with it, only use it for testing and anything I can't do with this account. It's the ability to make templates in userspace that take 13 less characters to type out that I'm after, so feel free to rename it to User:M if you feel the name should be given to somebody else. :-) Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 15:12, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Well, it's just that it's such a common name - and someone will doubtless try to log in with it - if it's just for testing, how about calling it "User:Mike2"?

 * Sounds fine, I hope you are familiar with how to rename users (*runs off to delete redirects*) Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 15:20, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

 * Ok, that's done - renamed to User:Mike2. Cheers. Cormaggio talk 19:53, 14 December 2006 (UTC)

Custodianship
I was wondering if you could check my contributions and place a vote of any opinion onto my candiates for custodianship section. I've been trying for ages, but nobody has left a comment saying "Support" or "disagree". Would you mind voting? Student Galaxy 13:34, 30 December 2006 (UTC)

What the hell?!
What the hell went on here?

 * Judging by the timestamp on that message, I think I had just finished blocking a few more open proxies. You may wish to read the above section about it if you are looking for the reason why I did that :-) Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 04:04, 5 January 2007 (UTC)

thanks
--JWSchmidt 22:54, 9 January 2007 (UTC)

Welcome to Wikiversity
Thank you for the welcome! I am sure I will fit right in. Somitho 07:42, 17 January 2007 (UTC)

Shell account
I'm a bit more lucid now. I should have asked if it would be ok to use an account to try out our multimedia stuff on. Last night, I was just thinking "student" accounts, for some odd reason. And, thanks for the offer in the first place. :) Historybuff 14:39, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

Thanks
Thanks for your efforts to protect Wikiversity! --JWSchmidt 01:30, 30 January 2007 (UTC)

blog rss feed
My RSS aggregator is linked to User:User:JWSchmidt/Blog rather than User:JWSchmidt/Blog. Did I do something wrong? --JWSchmidt 01:59, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Oops, sorry, my fault. I think I know what caused it though. Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 04:02, 10 February 2007 (UTC)

"Try refreshing it now" <-- I'm not sure what "refresh" means in this context. I have a serious problem remembering to add my signature to new blog entries, so some of my problems are due to that. I added an entry on my page today with ~, but I did not see an automatic addition to the rss. Is there a way to know if the bot is active? --JWSchmidt 01:28, 12 February 2007 (UTC)

rssbot
trust a bot to do boring jobsmy trainer told me, "Publish blogs!"so feeds I make, I can not stopas long as the latest entry is on topbut other tasks, I also craveif I disobey will I know my grave?the Colloquium is up-side-downso, while idle, new code I hacknew ways I need to parse the stackif I solve this puzzle, I'll win renownand Wikiversitans will remark,"Who needs that Billington?"

Hi...Mike!
Real96 10:46, 19 March 2007 (UTC)

FAA Airplane Flying Handbook attribution
Thanks for the information on attribution. It was my intention to add an attribution today just before noticing your message to me. Interesting coincidence. Since there is not currently a link to the chapters, I didn't expect anyone to be reading the pages yet.

Is there a way to include a page within a page? For example, I'd like to include the entire Table of Contents on each page (and the attribution) without needing to edit every single page whenever it is necessary to break chapters into individual sections. It is looking like that will be increasingly necessary.

Using pairs of double curly braces seems to call up a template page, which is not exactly what I expected.

There is lots of interest in this information in the Piloting community around the world. As a result, eventually, it will be necessary to separate the US information from generic information. For example, there is a contributor from New Zealand who is offering information from that country. In addition, the FAA handbook is out of date with respect to current regulations and with respect to current technological advances. As a result, the pages will diverge from the original source.

Once again, thanks for any help. AuntPeggy 15:43, 23 March 2007 (UTC)

Welcoming
Woops. Thank you for the heads up. --Remi 22:06, 24 March 2007 (UTC)

Advice
My first vandal ... yay :S. I blocked two accounts, but am not really sure what comment I should have made. You can Special:Contributions/Bill_Dorku Check out the vandal -- I don't think blocking him was the wrong thing to do -- but I want to make sure comments make sense. thanks Historybuff 08:16, 25 April 2007 (UTC)

probation
Just a reminder; User:Historybuff is at the end of the one month probation period. --JWSchmidt 13:46, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

Mentoring
Hi, MichaelBillington, I have a humble request for you. Would you be willing to mentor me as a probationary custodian? I'm willing to help out all I can - and really just need someone to get me going and a solid reference point should I encounter situations where I'm not too sure what to do (although this shouldn't happen to much after reading the guide and being well versed in Wikimedia projects). I run my own private installation of MediaWiki so the technical aspects shouldn't be a problem. It would be great if I could learn from someone obviously experienced and with the project's best interests at heart. Cheers, --Pumpmeup 06:10, 28 October 2007 (UTC)
 * Heya. I've been away from wikiversity for a long while, and only got this message yesterday. If you come back at any time and return to being active, let me know so we can talk about mentoring. Cheers. --Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 04:47, 18 January 2008 (UTC)

Wikimedian Demographics update
Hello MichaelBillington. I'm writing because you requested a reminder about progress on Wikimedian Demographics. For the time being these will be about once per month.

Speaking of reminders, it turns out the template question isn't the most efficient way of coming up with a mailing list. If you want to recieve this message on another of your talk pages (or don't want them at all), please edit the list on Wikimedian Demographics/Reminders.

To update on progress so far, there have been somewhere around 50 respondents over the past month, with more trickling in slowly but steadily. There are 7 major surveys (or 12, depending on how you count them):
 * 1) The basic survey (about your participation in Wikimedia)
 * 2) The "geography" surveys (actually 6 of those, for each inhabited continent)
 * 3) The Operating System survey (still stubby)
 * 4) The Wikipedia survey
 * 5) The Commons survey
 * 6) The US presidential elections survey
 * 7) The sexuality and relationships survey

Only the geography surveys have had any major modifications since being originally posted (more countries were added to those).

Several new surveys have been discussed at Talk:Wikimedian Demographics, as well as other places within Wikiversity. A few that might be ready sometime in February include:
 * A survey about Women in Wikimedia
 * A survey about Wikibooks
 * A survey about Wikiversity
 * A survey about administrative issues (including cross-wiki topics such as CheckUser and "global blocking")
 * A survey about environmental issues
 * A survey about religion
 * A survey about international trade

If you have ideas for more surveys, please share them on Talk:Wikimedian Demographics. Thanks for your participation thus far, and we hope to see you soon! --SB_Johnny | talk 11:59, 5 February 2008 (UTC)

User:MichaelBillington/IRC
I made something similiar for wikinews, I'm not sure if it is useful to you. Its at n:WN:IRC (code at n:mediawiki:Irc.js) in case it is. Cheers. Bawolff

 * Thanks. That's a big help— my own one is truly terrible. Cheers. :) --Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 11:34, 29 February 2008 (UTC)

Welcome to the Bloom Clock!
Hello, MichaelBillington, and thanks for signing up as a contributor to the Bloom Clock!

To get started, all that you need to do is keep your eyes open for flowers on plants growing outdoors. Then, depending on how well you know plants, you can either try to find the plant using the global keys, or just check the master list where plants are listed by their scientific names.

Assuming you find a log page for the plant you saw, all that you need to do is click [edit] above the list of signatures, and add *~ on a new line below the last signature and above the line that begins with, which will make your signature appear on the profile page.

If you don't find a log page, just add an entry for the plant to the Master List using. Someone can then show you how to create a profile and log page for the plant.

If you don't know the name of the plant you saw, try asking on Bloom Clock/Unknown Plants using the template there. Photographs are very helpful, but if you don't have a digital camera, just give the best description you can and hopefully someone can identify it for you.

After you've logged 10 or more plants as flowering for your location, another bloom clock contributor will help you set up the categories and templates used to construct a key for your region, and try to match up your region to the global keys.

If you have any questions, ideas, or need something explained, please feel free to leave a message on my talk page, and I'll get back to you as soon as I can!

(Apologies for the long-belated welcome message... finally got around to writing one!) --SB_Johnny | talk 09:19, 13 March 2008 (UTC)
 * Hey thanks SB_Johnny. I'll see how I can help later in the year when spring comes around (southern hemisphere here :)). --Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 08:57, 18 March 2008 (UTC)

access blocked
Michael,

You have blocked an IP address for a school district ~ can we please be removed so our students can create accounts?

Thank you

Inexplicable Physics
Hello,

There is an RfD by this name that needs to be reviewed by an uninvolved custodian. Can you do so and bring closure to this matter? Geoff 22:19, 15 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for looking at this. I generally agree with your close, but some aspects of this may have escaped your notice. First of all, all the pages were already tagged with by the nominator. Then I moved them all, after the nomination, fairly recently, to become subpages of Nonstandard physics, which was not nominated for deletion (which is why I've removed the tag you placed there.) As these resources are seeing activity by the original author, and a little from others, such as me, the six-month slow deletion idea really didn't apply any more. It was the idea that these were orphan pages, with an anonymous editor, that led to the slow wastebasket idea, which is still a good idea, for untended pages. They aren't that any more.
 * The deletion discussion was pretty confused. I was new at Wikiversity when this was RfD'd. The author is, in fact, a physicist, it appears, and I know that some articles were genuine physics, if presented somewhat idiosyncratically, perhaps. Or not. I don't think we should stand over his shoulder, judging the content without knowing the subject!
 * It's not clear to me what more would need to be done to "convert these pages into useful content." We have lots of pages that are articles, in effect, and these ones are now organized, by default, under a Nonstandard physics resource, though that was not intended to be definitive, it was more neutral than the Inexplicable physics category, and less easily overlooked. In other words, the possibility of people being misled had already been addressed, in two ways, and the template you added may inhibit work.
 * The pages are already linked to resources through categories.
 * It may be easy to miss the real value of these resources: they are being maintained and improved by an academic, apparently a physicist, Fedosin. So it's now possible to discuss any of these topics with an expert, he has offered that. How valuable is that?
 * I especially agree with your assessment regarding copyvio, and with your unblock of the IP. I'd noticed this block, but hadn't given it priority, since Fedosin had become active. Thanks for helping out. --Abd 00:48, 16 April 2011 (UTC)
 * Thanks for your assessment, Abd. My level of Internet connectivity prevented me from templating that, and I don't think my request for custodian assistance with tagging the remaining pages was saved either.

 * Everything you mention is very reasonable. I was aware of how strange it was while I was writing (given the page moves), but you're correct in saying there are other things I missed. The intent was to mirror what people had been saying as closely as possible, to avoid creating a kafuffle about the lack of process in the closure.

 * At least one page I tagged was blank, but most have content. If they are part of something ongoing, they will be de-tagged and hopefully the project will turn out well. If there are additional problems that people think mean "delete, delete!", then I really hope they talk about it in a less-than-1-year, non-stagnant type of discussion.
 * It's something that should have been closed a long time ago. Every point of view was shown at different times, making problems with every outcome. This is probably especially true the unclear and strange solution which was most popular through the discussion, and I went with it. Feel free to un-tag useful articles as you see fit. --Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 01:29, 16 April 2011 (UTC)
 * The action with the pages didn't require custodian tools, and any time you need assistance, from a non-custodian, please feel free to ask. One of the problems with the discussion being open for so long was that early comments were based only on early information; it's a common problem with deletion discussions, because people don't necessarily watch them and come back and comment on later suggestions or new information. What was clear to me was that the deletion arguments didn't have a clear basis in Wikiversity policy and practice, but tended toward Wikipedia-style arguments about fringe and OR, or the like. Often happens at RfD. I think we should set a maximum time for discussions to remain open. If there is no delete consensus by then, a new nomination should be made, a clean start that refers to the old discussion but that doesn't depend on it. Maybe a month might be a decent cycle time for now. --Abd 01:56, 16 April 2011 (UTC)

You are invited to register for the Wikiversity Assembly

 * The Assembly has been established as a technique for developing reports on topics of import for Wikiversity administration. The Assembly is not a decision-making body, per se. Rather, it is designed to create or discover or estimate consensus, through focused, facilitated, thorough deliberation. Assembly reports may be referenced in regular Wikiversity discussions, but will not directly control outcomes. Where full consensus is not found, minority reports may be issued.
 * I invite you to register for the Assembly by adding your user name to the Delegable proxy/Table.

 * Registering for the Assembly creates no specific obligation, but does consent to direct communication as the Assembly may determine is appropriate. You may opt out of such direct communication by adding "no messages" to the Table when you register, in the user comment field, but it is unlikely that the default (communication allowed) will create burdensome traffic for you.

You are invited to name a proxy

 * When you register for the Assembly, you may optionally designate a "proxy."

 * I suggest that you nominate, as a proxy, the user whom you most trust to participate positively in a Wikiversity discussion if you are unable to participate yourself. The proxy will not be voting for you in any process. Rather, the proxy will be considered to loosely represent you, as a means of estimating probable large-scale consensus based on small-scale participation, in the event that you do not personally participate.

 * If you name a proxy, you will be consenting to direct communication with you by that proxy. If a named proxy accepts the proxy, you become, as long as you maintain the nomination (you may change it at any time), the "client" of the proxy, and by accepting, a proxy has consented to direct communication from the client.

 * See Delegable proxy for details.

Comments
I'm inviting all relatively inactive custodians to register for the Assembly, and to name a proxy as described. This is because you who have been and remain custodians have yourselves been trusted by the community, and your proxy choice, if you name one, may carry some reasonable weight, due to your experience. You may, of course, participate directly, whether you do or do not name a proxy. Thanks for considering this. --Abd 01:41, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

Your admin status
Hello. I'm a steward. A new policy regarding the removal of "advanced rights" (administrator, bureaucrat, etc.) was adopted by community consensus recently. According to this policy, the stewards are reviewing administrators' activity on wikis with no inactivity policy. You meet the inactivity criteria (no edits and no log actions for 2 years) on enwikiversity, where you are an administrator. Since that wiki does not have its own administrators' rights review process, the global one applies. If you want to keep your rights, you should inform the community of the wiki about the fact that the stewards have sent you this information about your inactivity. If the community has a discussion about it and then wants you to keep your rights, please contact the stewards at m:Stewards' noticeboard, and link to the discussion of the local community, where they express their wish to continue to maintain the rights, and demonstrate a continued requirement to maintain these rights. We stewards will evaluate the responses. If there is no response at all after approximately one month, we will proceed to remove your administrative rights. In cases of doubt, we will evaluate the responses and will refer a decision back to the local community for their comment and review. If you have any questions, please contact us on m:Stewards' noticeboard. Best regards, Rschen7754 21:01, 23 November 2014 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called MichaelBillingtonBot. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name MichaelBillingtonBot~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:43, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Mike42. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Mike42~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:43, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: User talk:MichaelBillington/Archive


text:
Real estate analysis exam review

This page is a final exam review which was taped by our professor and collaboratively transcribed by the students in Real Estate Analysis. If answers were relevant but a little different… I added them in green…

1.	Which of the following would be a basic power of government limiting private property or private property rights? (Page 145) Eminent domain= the right of government to acquire private property without the owners consent, for public use, in exchange for just 8	Know the type of index interest rate used most often with adjustable rate mortgages. What is the most commonly used interest rate index for ARMS? (Pg 248) With ARM home income ratio Example from Chapter 15 Quiz: Given the following information regarding a REIT you hold, which of the following is the best investment decision? EPS: $2.50. Shares Outstanding: 1,000,000. Share price: $20.00. Other REIT price/income multiple: 1/8. Options are to: 1. buy more of this REIT 2. sell your holdings of this REIT 3. you are indifferent since the price seems “right” 4. none of the above are true - Correct answer is that you are indifferent.  This is because the multiple should have been listed as 8/1. Our REIT is yielding $20/$2.50 = 8/1 which is why we’re indifferent.

liability fority holder, and flow-through taxation of both taxable income and cash distributions. Taxable income and losses flow through Not a legal form.

This will cover at least 2-4 questions

23 	After projecting estimates of a sales value knowing the rental prices, depreciation rates, you decide that a property has a certain value. If so, what is nrived (KS THIS ONE IS MARKET VALU… ANYONE WITH A DEFINATE ANSWER, PLEASE LET US KNOW!!!) Investment value is correct because it says: “you decide e roperty has a certain value” therefore it’s not the market value, which is the value to a “typical” investor (your value might coincidentally match the market value, but investment value is the best answer choice here)

Projected value Investment value Market Probate value - The market value of a property is its most probable selling price, assuming normal sale conditions. It can be viewed as the value that the typical participant would place on the property. -The investment value is the value a particular investor places on a property. It is based on the unique expectations of the individual buyer, not the market in general (Page 190-191).

24	If we have a landlord in a lease situation that allows a provision of $x per square foot that will change the floor plan and perhaps add more electrical k, partitioning,  net work capacity to a particular space. What would be the proper or referred to textbook name for this provision (Page 557) Tenant Improvement Allowance= The amount of funding the owner of commercial property must provide towards the cost of refurbishing the space to meet the tenants needs…. It is the amount of money the owner must give to the tenant or pay on the tenant’s behalf, toward the cost of refurbishing the space to meet the needs of the tenants business of a property is X$, down payment is X%, financing costs is 2 or 3%. Given these items what’s the total cash you will need at the closing of that loan?

26	the alphabet soup of the operating statement, starting at the top (PGI) and working your way down through VC, MI, EGI, Op ex., cap X, NOI, EDS, tax, CFBT, tax liability, CFAT.

27	What is the before tax equity reversion in the text if GOI less Op ex. is this the definition? NO! 	Before Tax Equity Reversion   Sale Price-Selling Expenses=Net Sale Proceeds

NSP-Remain Mortgage Balance=BTER

28	Leasing options that might be typical of how a commercial owner of investment real estate would handle a firm or individual to represent them for leasing. (Page 332-338)

Mortgage broker Mortgage banker

Mortgage bankers: they are full service mortgage companies. They process, close, provide funding and sell the loans they originate in the secondary market. They also typically service the loans they have sold (ex. collect monthly payments). They lend funds for home financing but are not financial intermediaries because they do not accept deposits. They combine a small portion of equity with vast amounts of borrowed capitol to originate loans. They sell the loans as rapidly as possible to institutional investors on the secondary market. The mortgage banking process creates 2 valuable financial assets: the loan and the rights to service the loan. The primary source of revenue in mortgage banking is the right to service the loans created.

Mortgage broker: specialize in the details of the loan origination. They do not provide funding (or capitol) for the loan, nor do they typically service the loans after selling them. They serve strictly as an intermediary between those who demand mortgage funds (borrowers) and those who supply the funds (lenders or secondary market investors). They do not make the loans; they serve as an intermediary between the borrower (customer) and lender (client). Many mortgage brokers serve as correspondents for large mortgage bankers who desire to do business in an area but do not feel the volume of business justifies the expense of staffing a local office.

29	rights and obligations that are contained in leases and in particular some of the fundamental landlord, tenant laws that govern most leases in most states.

Security deposits that might be required and how they are held Prohibiting children under the terms of the leases and a particular project Can you have pets or not Rights to enter premises Rights to enjoyment

30	An owner might be trying to decide whether or not to make improvements to a particular property they own. What is the value added or the value lost should these improvements done under the particular scenario. (Incremental costs and benefits in the book). we are given the current rate per square foot under a particular lease, the anticipated rate per square foot, cost of improvement and number of square feet.

31	If a deed includes the words “does hereby grant, convey, transfer,” which of the following deed elements would be resident holding these words?

Acknowledgement section of a deed Consideration section Addendum clause Acceleration clause Words of conveyance – early in the deed will be the words “does hereby grant, bargain, sell, and covey unto…” that serve to assure the grantor intends to convey interest in real property and indicate the type of deed offered by the grantor.

In addition: Chapter 18 Quiz: If a deed includes the words, “does hereby grant, bargain, sell, and convey unto…” Which of the following deed elements would these words fall into? 1. 	Recital of consideration	0% 2. 	words of conveyance	100% 3. 	habendum clause	0% 4. 	acknowledgement	0%

32 	what is the highest order of deed that one would prefer in a real estate transaction. What is the name?

Bargain and sale deed Claim deed Special warranty deed Limited warranty deed General warranty deed – the highest order deed, the deed you would most prefer.

Additional information: (Pages 472-473) -General warranty deed: includes the covenant of seizing, the covenant against encumbrances, and the covenant of quiet enjoyment. It contains the full set of legal promises the grantor can make. Thus, it is considered the highest-quality deed and affords the maximum basis for suit by the grantee in case the title is defective.

-Special warranty deed: identical to the general warranty deed, except that it limits the time of the covenant of encumbrances to the grantor’s ownership. That is, the grantor asserts only that he or she has created no undisclosed encumbrances during ownership, but asserts nothing about encumbrances from previous owners.

-Deed of bargain and sale: has none of the covenants of a warranty deed. It purports to convey the real property, and appears to imply claim to ownership. It is commonly used by businesses to convey property because, while implying ownership, it commits the business to no additional covenants which are sources of liability.

-Quitclaim deed: has none of the covenants of the warranty deed. Its words of conveyance go something like, “I hereby quitclaim…” as opposed to, “I hereby grant or convey…” It is worded to imply no claim to title, only to convey what interest the grantor actually has. Courts regard a quitclaim deed as a questionable conveyance of title.

33	Know the covenants that refer to season, quiet enjoyment and others. (Page 470)

Covenant of seizin- a promise that the grantor truly has good title, and that they have the right to covey it. Covenant against encumbrances- a promise that the property is not encumbered with liens, easements, or other such limitations except as noted in the deed. Covenant of quiet enjoyment- a promise that the property will not be claimed by someone with a better claim to title.

34	There are 3 major ways for a legal description of legal property. In the state of Florida, they won’t accept a mailing address or zip code to describe a real property. Compass heading, directions, and linear measures, which of the three is this likely to come from? (Pages 481-484) – metes and bounds approach.

Metes and bounds approach – Method of describing real estate in which a mete is a unit of measure (foot, mile) and a bound is a boundary marker. It forms a sequence of directed distances that are the boundaries of the property. Oldest form but still used. In the modern version, metes and bounds is a very precise, compass-directed walk around the boundary of a parcel. The boundary is defined by a point of beginning and a sequence of directed distances that eventually lead back to the point of the beginning. It is the most flexible of descriptions, and is capable of describing even the most irregular of parcels. Government rectangular method – For each region a baseline, running east and west and a principal meridian, running north and south, were established as reference lines. From these lines, a grid system was surveyed involving checks (24 square miles) and townships (6 square miles) and sections (1 square mile). A government rectangular description relies on townships and section numbers as the essential units of identification. Subdivision plat method – (Also known as plat lot and block number). An unambiguous means to provide a description of property that identifies each parcel in a surveyed map of a subdivision. When a platted residential or other subdivision is created, a surveyed map of the subdivision is places in the public records with each parcel identified by a plat lot and block number. It usually shows the location of various elements such as utilities, drainage, storm water retention, and bicycle paths.

Concept check 18-20:

The oldest form of the three land descriptions is metes and bounds. The most common form is subdivision plat lot and block number. The most common in most states is the government rectangular method.

35	Be able to spot the fundamental difference between the kinds of listing contracts, which is another way of saying agency agreements where brokers are being engaged by owners of property to represent and market their properties in various ways. One of the most restrictive ways on one end of the spectrum was the exclusive right of sale of contract (EROS) that has a very distinguishing characteristic that can be spotted easily. On the other end of the spectrum, there is the open listing agreement, and there is another kind of contract. What are the three kinds, and how are they different. 3 Types of Listing Contracts

1) Open Listing – contract between a property owner and a broker that gives the broker the right to market the property. Distinguishing Characteristic – lack of exclusivity -only the broker who procures a buyer will be owed commission, if owner sells him/herself no broker will be owed a commission

2) Exclusive Agency Listing – type of listing is used infrequently; owner can sell the property and avoid paying a commission, it provides far less protection the broker than the exclusive right of sale listing discussed below -brokers less willing to spend time and effort to market properties listed under this arrangement

3) Exclusive Right of Sale Listing – sellers list their property with one broker and agree to pay that broker a commission if the property is sold w/in a specified time or if not specified, w/in a reasonable time -broker owed a commission if any other brokers or even the owner sell the property during the contract period

“Seller gives broker exclusive right to sell….” is included in vast majority of brokerage arrangements due to 1) faster sales 2) brokers need the protection provided by the provision and 3) MLS only accepts exclusive right of sale listings

36	Know the fiduciary duties of an agent (495). Be able to distinguish between exclusive agents, universal agent, and transaction broker. Who is the principal, the service client, the service provider in these agency providers?

Disclosure-Be completely honest with principal. Confidentiality-Never betray confidential information about principal, their financial status, or their motivations. Accounting-Keep the principal informed about financial aspects of their assignment. Obedience-Follow the instructions of principal to limits of what is legal. Loyalty-Never subordinate the best interests of principal to the interests of others. Skill and Care-Represent the interests of principal to the best of their ability; represent in same way one would represent self.

Exclusive Agency Listing (509)-An agreement between a seller of property and a broker in which the seller agrees to pay a commission to the broker if anyone other than the owner finds a buyer, during the period of the agreement. Owner can still sell their own home without penalty. Exclusive Right of Sale Listing (510)-An agreement between a seller of property and a broker in which the broker is assured of receiving a commission if the broker or anyone else, including the owner, finds a buyer during the period of agreement. Owner can sell home but still owes fee to broker.

Universal Agent-One to whom a principal delegates the power to act in all matters that can be delegated in place of the principal. General Agent-One to whom ea principal delegates the power to act within the confines of a business or employment relationship. Special Agent-Person to whom a principal has granted authority to handle a specific business transaction or to perform a specific function. Real estate brokers and salespersons are special agents. Transaction Broker-One who facilitates a real estate transaction but who is not an agent of either buyer or seller. A transaction broker is required to deal honestly and fairly with both parties to exercise skill, care and diligence in carrying out his or her duties.

37	there are remedies that contract provide when a default of a contract occurs. Be familiar with the contractual remedies. There will be 1 or 2 questions on that regard (Page 537) When a party fails to perform (ex: breach of contract, nonperformance, or default), the other party may have one or more remedies. The non-defaulting party may: 1. Rescind the contract 2. Sue for specific performance (ex. require the defaulting party to carry out the contract) 3. Sue for damages. - An additional option for the seller is to retain the buyers deposit as liquidated damages.

38	one of the following is not a common closing costs (Chapter 20 Quiz)

Cleaning fee Appraisal fee Lenders fee Origination fee Flood certification

39	The following are legal elements for contracts, which is essential only for contracts on real estate? (Chapter 20 Quiz) -competent parties -offer and acceptance -written form -consideration

Additional Information (Page 523): Whatever the form, any contract, whether it be for real estate or for some other purpose, must contain the following elements: 1. Competent parties 2. Legal objective 3. Offer and acceptance 4. Consideration 5. No defects to mutual assent

Two additional requirements must be part of any contract for the sale of real estate: 1. Written form 2. Proper description of the property

40	There are ways the law looks at whether something is a fixture or not. There are at least 4 tests mentioned in the text. Know trade fixtures (Page 75) A fixture is defined as an object that was formerly personal property but has been converted into real property. There are 4 rules to determine whether an object has become a fixture: 1. The manner of attachment. The question in this rule is whether the removal of the object results in damage to the property. 2. The character of the article and manner of adaptation. Items that have been custom fitted tend to be regarded as fixtures. Examples include window screens, storm windows, church pews, custom bookshelves, custom draperies, and custom security systems. 3. The intention of the parties. This rule refers not to the private intentions of the parties but to the facts of the situation and the intention that an observer would reasonably conclude from them. Ex: kitchen appliances. If a kitchen range or refrigerator is in a single family home being sold, it normally is expected to remain with the seller. On the other hand, if the appliances are furnishings in a rental apartment they normally would remain with the building. Thus, the rule of intention would treat the appliances as personal property in the single family residence case, and as fixtures in the apartment case. 4. Relation of the parties. For landlord and tenant relationships, special versions of the rule of intention have evolved over time. a. Trade fixtures. Which are items installed by a commercial tenant to conduct business, are always considered personal property of the tenant unless they are abandoned at termination of the lease. So, even if removal of flood display cases and other custom fitted things injure the facility when removed, they are still regarded as property of the tenant. b. Agriculture fixtures. Such as fences, are also considered property of the tenant. Anything installed by the tenant remains personal property. c. Residential tenants also tend to be given the same protection. Any item installed in the residence by the tenant is regarded as the tenant’s personal property, at least until it’s abandoned.

41 	The term that describes the tenants transfer of a portion of his/her rights to another party. In a lease context, what is that called? A lease assignment occurs when all of a tenant’s rights and obligations are transferred to another party. A sublease occurs when the original tenant transfers only a subset of his or her rights to another.

42	What is the item when you buy real property that is not depreciable? (Page 583) Principal residences are properties used as taxpayers’ homes and cannot be depreciated for tax purposes. Commercial real estate, on the other hand, may be classified for tax purposes as a dealer, trade or business, or investment property. Real property held for resale by a dealer is not depreciable for tax purposes because such property is viewed as inventory, not a long-term investment. Congress allows depreciation deductions only on assets intended to be held as long term investments rather than those held for immediate resale.

43	if property is residential, it has one life in years that you then under straight-line depreciation can ratably depreciate each year a certain abdicable amount. If it’s a multi family income property, how many years over which can it be depreciated.

Answer (27.5yrs)

Chapter 22 Quiz: Congressional legislation mandates that residential real property be depreciated over a minimum of how many years? - 27.5

In addition (Page 591): Currently, residential real property (ex. apartments) may be depreciated over no less than 27.5 years. The cost recovery period for nonresidential real property (ex. shopping centers, industrial warehouses, and office buildings) is 39 years.

44	when one wants to calculate depreciable basis, the buyer must separate personal property from real property. What is the term that best describes this process? (Chapter 22 Quiz) Cost Segregation

45 	assume a non-residential income property was purchased with a depreciable basis of $X, on January first. What is the annual depreciation allowance for that year if it’s depreciated according to the straight-line method? (Chapter 22 Quiz) - Assume a residential property was purchased with a depreciable basis of $100,000 on January 1st. What is the annual depreciation allowance for that year? = 3,636

46	 4 properties have various profits or losses ascribe to each. We want to know the net income the tax payer can claim in the current year if the tax payer owns those 4 properties. Property 1 and 2 have a net profit of $thousand, property 3 has a loss of $thousands, property 4 has net profit of $X. What is the net result? 9. CH22 Q9 Howard owns four properties that have the following profit or loss. How much net income will Howard claim in the current year from the four properties? Property 1 & 2 both have a net profit of $6,000 Property 3 looses $21,000 Property 4 has a net profit of $7,000

1. -2,000 	0%      2.  0	 	100%       According to the quiz, this is correct, but (see below)… 3. 2,000	0%      4.  19,000 	0%      It appears that you can't claim negative income (the –2000 would carryover for next year). But Mr. Monroe apparently was asked about it and said it should have been –2000 (a lot of us put –2000, myself included, and I think we may have influenced him, but I think it’s wrong, 0 is correct). Decide yourself, page 585.

47	there is a term that describes the continual reconfiguration of a built environment t				to meet the needs of society. What is this term describing? Development

48	We will be given activities and roles that are engineer related. We must be able to describe which engineers these are describing. Examples are engineers that does onsite sewer lines, water distribution system, design of streets, the configuration or layout of parking?

Soils engineer-determines the sufficient specifications to achieve safety and stability for a structure’s foundation Structural engineer-determines the requisite structural skeleton to maintain the building’s integrity Mechanical engineer-provides specifications and design for the HVAC system and other building systems Electrical engineer-designs the power sources and distribution system Civil engineer-designs on-site utility systems, including sewers, water, streets, parking, and site grading.

49	a developer pre-leases a space to target. The space has not been built on but the lease has been agreed upon between landlord and tenant. What would the text describe this activity as?

Lease option Floor loan Bundle of rights being conveyed Build to suit arrangement Design build arrangement

50	what is the percentage of GDP for the US generated by real estate? (Page 7) Real estate generates nearly a third of United States gross domestic product (GDP)

51	there is a term used to describe the ability to sell a property quickly yet for fair market value. Is it? (Page 384 and 385) Answer = Liquidity Fast switch Liquidity Transactional flexibility Flip Quick turn

52 	All the following have a high degree of uncertainty risk as to their cost except. Can you spot on the spectrum where different property types lie as being high risk versus lower risk? Lowest Risk  Highest Risk: (Page 30) Purchase of new structure Purchase of good existing structure Purchase of older structure Standard Construction Project Subdivision land development, fully permitted Renovation Subdivision land development, not fully permitted Urban redevelopment

Lowest Risk  Highest Risk in terms of Cash Flow Uncertainty: (Page 33) Net lease with credit tenant Investment-grade commercial property Single-family rental Industrial Apartments Small Office Land Development, Hotel & Motel, Restaurant

Strategies that investors might use to lessen their risk? Ch. 23 (Portfolio management, risk/diversification) Diversification, judicious selection of various investment properties, market knowledge, ample due diligence upon acquisition, avoiding certain risk, etc.

This term describes the value of money at a time period in the future? (Pages 48-49) Future Value.

Land value on an unimproved property is in say 10 years, given %, how do you calculate a future value for that land?

Investing 10k, at the end of 20 years, you’ll have the largest amount of money if the money is compounded at what frequency? (Maximum gain due to the frequency of compounding) Whatever the most frequent compounding choice available is (daily is best)

What lien is superior to all others? Chapter 4 Quiz, Question 6 Property tax and assessment liens (a.k.a. government liens)

What is a mechanic’s lien? What activities? Page 83 Liens that arise from construction and other improvements to real estate or condo. If a property defaults on a construction contract, it is not realistic to expect the contractor to recover the materials and services used to improve the real estate.

Restrictive covenants…where are they found? Deed restrictions…what do they control/prohibit. (Conditions and restrictions, restrictive covenants, deed restrictions, CCR’s) Pages 81-82 Restrictive covenants impose limits on the uses of lands. They can be created when land is conveyed to a new owner by placing a restrictive clause in the deed that conveys the property. They are strictly private; they can only be enforced by those who hold a legal interest in the property. Deed restriction- the owner who created the restriction or that owner’s heirs are the only persons who can enforce the restriction

What does a restrictive covenant look like? All of the following are examples of residential subdivision restrictive covenants EXCEPT: 1. 	No children are allowed to play in the yard 	100% 2. 	No freestanding garage 	0% 3. 	No chain link fences 	0%

Property located b/t highway and state beach…state wants to build a road…what is that land considered? What kind of easement would that be? Easement in gross  correct

Market fundamentals – clinic or hospital – many travel regionally to go there – people that travel there are also family/friends of patients, spending money in the local economy – economic terms, what am I describing? (Page 103) Economic base multiplier. Economic base multiplier, regional revenue multiplier, high profit regional operation, economic star, economic generator…which is correct?

Multi-nucleic city model – what is the distinctive characteristic of this model? (Page 117) The motor vehicle, combined with new technologies of production, had released the city from its absolute ties to the central business district. Since the multi nuclei model, continued advances in motor vehicles, along with waves of other technological innovations, have continued to propel urban activity away from the central business district. Some revolutions contributing to the multi nuclei city are: the urban transportation revolution, the production revolution (assembly lines), air conditioning, lighting and new forms of retailing and offices, and advances in data process and communication (which allowed separation of management from the production process for the first time).

Industry economies of scale – draw clusters of activities, complementary or not? Know the difference of what is complementary and which is not, given examples. (Stadium, warehouse, high-rise, mall, university, etc.) Warehouse doesn’t draw businesses to complement/ support warehouse users – the others do.

Homeowners/Neighborhood/Condo/Condo Rental associations – provide services – enhance quality of life. One may build a park, landscape the entrance, hold an annual event, etc. – this might contribute to some rise in property values. What describes the reason for such increase? Coincidence, teamwork, group think, positive externalities…which is appropriate? (Page 131) Positive Externalities=beneficial effects on the property value from exceptional vistas, nearby parks, and recreation facilities, quality neighborhood schools, quality architecture, attractive commercial areas, well kept landscape, etc.

Missed very often: (TEXT) What is the goal/primary objective of real estate market research? Be careful, some look correct but are not. Summary of Chapter page 184 states “The goal of the research is to determine a plausible range for critical cash flow parameters for the subject property. For rental property these parameters are projected rental rate growth and vacancy rates. For a subdivision or condo project the critical parameters are sales rates”.

Adding to the primary goal/objective of real estate market research: The one common thread I found in Ch7 on pgs. 160, 164, 169, 171 and so on was the mentioning of creating “The Market-Defining Story,” which is the crucial beginning point of the market research process. “This Market-Defining Story” is part of the cycle of market research, which asks the following questions:

1.	What is the real estate product under consideration? 2.	Who are the customers? 3.	Where are the customers? 4.	What do the customers care about? 5.	Who are the competitors? …and includes the initial collection of data, evaluating results, determining if research is sufficient, if it is, end, if it’s not move to refining the research.

Market segmentation – housing – what are the factors that underlie market segmentation as to housing? Can you spot the relevant factors? (i.e., household income, ethnicity of population, # of extended family that live locally, employment status, sex/gender, age of household members…are some of these NOT part of the housing market segmentation?) Factors that DO affect housing market segmentation include: household income, household age, household size, and household lifestyle. NOT included is household unemployment status.

Developers, as they’re working on the feasibility of a particular project, might conduct interviews with people acquainted with a similar but different project to the one they intend to develop/construct…what is this called? (Trying to find likes/dislikes) Exit interview, survey research, psychographic inquiry, correspondence campaign…which is best response? (Page 182) Survey research= contact and interview owners of existing units and ask what they like or dislike about their units. From these interviews, the developers were able to identify some design features that enabled them to create a project that was distinctly more successful than others in the area.

Appraisal foundation is credited with a particular set of guidelines that have acronyms – what are they? (Pages 191-192) The Uniform Standards of Professional Appraisal Practice (USPAP) is maintained by the Appraisal Foundation and is required and followed by all states and federal regulatory agencies. USPAP imposes both ethical obligations and minimum appraisal standards that must be followed by all professional appraisers. To comply with the USPAP, real estate appraisers must follow this general process: 1) defining the problem, 2) selecting and collecting data, 3) identifying the highest and best use, 4) applying the three valuation approaches, 5) reconciling the indicated values that result from the multiple approaches, and 6) preparing the appraisal report for submission to the client.

Know ECOA, what does that pertain to? (Page 264 and Page 347) Because of what Congress perceived to be a long history of both deliberate and unconscious discriminatory practices in home mortgage lending, in 1974 it enacted the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA). This act prohibits discrimination in lending practices on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, age, or because all or part of an applicant’s income derives from a public assistance program. In addition, ECOA regulates what information can be used and what income can be excluded from the process.

FIRREA (Page 329) In 1989 Congress enacted the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery and Enforcement Act (FIRREA). It took major steps to establish depository institution accountability and created long-called-for risk-based capital standards for depository institutions. FIRREA was an effort to “charge” financial institutions for risky behavior through higher net worth requirements.

RESPA (Page 265-266 and 538-539) The Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA) is a federal law that requires federally chartered or insured lenders to provide buyers and sellers w/ information on all settlement costs. This is required whenever a buyer obtains a new first mortgage loan, when the loan is insured by the FHA or guaranteed by the VA, or when the loan will be sold to one of the federally related secondary mortgage market agencies. The requirements are as follows: 1. Special information booklet 2. Good faith estimate of settlement costs 3. Uniform Settlement Statement (HUD-1 Form) 4. Prohibition against kickbacks There are three basic, often used and later reconciled approaches to arrive @ appraisal valuations for market value of real property. The weighting we give the three approaches varies according to type and market. If you are to spot an activity that isn’t one of the three, which would it be? (P.193) 1) the income approach 2) the sales comparison approach 3) the cost approach -The sales approach is applicable to almost all 1-4 family residential properties and even to some types of income producing properties and this approach is easily understood by both buyers and sellers. -The income approach is the dominant approach when estimating the values of any income producing type of property and assumes a property’s value is determined solely by it expected future cash flows. -The cost approach is necessary when good comparable sales or good income data are absent and involves estimating the cost of the property new and then subtracting depreciation. This is also the clear order of preference for methods of appraisal.

Growth management – century commission is tasked with accessing FL growth management and compiles an annual report – who gets this report? (Governor, legislature, citizens, all of the above) (www.centurycommission.com) The Century Commission makes recommendations to the Governor and Legislature regarding how they should address the impacts of population growth.

During appraisal process, extensive data is collected. Supporting market valuation – what is collected/analyzed for market valuation? What is relevant, what is not? (Page 196) The appraiser must generally search a variety of sources to obtain the necessary information on the subject and comparable properties. These sources include: public records, multiple listing services, private data services (vendors and insurance companies).

End of 70-80 exam questions.

Chapter questions from last 6 chapters

Chapter 18-24

First step in process of development? 8 distinct steps. (Ch. 24) Page 646 1)	Establishing site control 2)	Feasibility analysis, refinement, and testing 3)	Obtaining permits 4)	Design 5)	Financing 6)	Construction 7)	Marketing and leasing 8)	Operation

Various risks in construction stage of development phase and not land acquisition stage…which risks are associated with each? Page 656 - Risks of construction lending are less in a number of respects than with the land acquisition stage -Construction risks include the ability of the developer to manage and complete the construction process; risks of construction such as weather interruptions, materials shortages, work stoppages, strikes, or construction accidents; and rent-up following construction -Land Acq. Risks - environmental risks, ecological risks, title risks

There are environmental concerns that come to the surface during the due diligence period and environment assessments that developers do before they launch a project, it usually comes up when they’re doing their feasibility studies, so if I gave you a list of potential environmental concerns, would you be able to spot an exception that would not be an environmental concern when one is examining the particular environmental risks of a particular project. Page 648 -Environmental Concerns: free of soil problems, ecological complications, seismic concerns, hydrological concerns or anthropological or historical sensitivities; structural concerns, toxicity, wetlands, wildlife habitats, etc.

There is a question or two on mezzanine financing. Mezzanine Fin has some distinctive characteristics that are very unique to it as opposed to all other forms of financing. We highlight those in our discussions. What would they be? How is that different? One example is; it may or not take the form of a second mortgage or secondary financing because its focus is really not in the securing of the debt, but more in participating in the benefits like the equity investor or the developer, so to that extent, one of its distinctive then is that it shares one way or another in ownership benefits,  not just fixed payments via debt like a mortgage. What are some of the characteristics of mezzanine financing (from ch. 24) Page 657 - sometimes a second mortgage but often not a mortgage; ownership shares in the development entity are pledged to the mezz lenders as security -no foreclosure procedures is necessary to exercise recourse -mezz debt more expensive than construction financing

Following the line of logic re; mezzanine financing one of the ways that we would probably test that would be “a form of financing in which ownership shares are pledged as distinguished from the pledging of the real property” under a mortgage. If we said said, “What kind of financing is being described where ownership shares are being pledged to the entity that would be a description of mezzanine financing or mezzanine debt.

(Ch 24) There’s a name for an alternative arrangement that involves the combo of an architect and a general contractor on a project. It’s an alternative to the traditional arrangement btwn those parties. That said, according to the text, the best term is: fast track const contract, construct partnership, build to suit arrangement, design to build arrangement (best answer from text). Alternative arrangement where architect and contractor are one (PAGE 659)

(Ch 22) Depreciation and depreciable bases is certainly one of the key concepts of the chapter. I gave a number of ?’s earlier about that. Knowing those depreciable terms for the various types of property, would be a key.

In order for a property to qualify for the capital gains tax rate, will give answers from a few months to a few years, what would be correct answer? Chapter 22 Quiz, Question 3 In order for a property to qualify for the capital gains tax rate in the year of the sale, it must be held for how long? 12 months

If we give you a tax rate for a tax payer. Calculate the amount of tax that is being sheltered, and the following investment situation. We say the tax rate is 25% and one property has a loss, and one property has a gain, would your answer be a positive number, a negative number or would it be “not a description of a tax shelter” 4. CH22 Q4

Calculate the amount of tax being sheltered in the following investment situation. Tax rate: 35% Property 1: $10,000 loss Property 2: $10,000 gain 1. 2,500 0%      2.  3,000 0%      3.  3,500 100%       (See below) 4. none, this is not a tax shelter 0%

On the property with a 10,000 gain, you would have been taxed $3,500. Because of your 10,000 loss, you have "saved" $3,500. Page: 596. The benefits about Real Estate exchanging, which is referred to and described in internal code and it has a number – you’ll hear “1031 Exchanges” they are referring to that section of IRS code. Complying with the definition of like kind properties, that is two properties of like kind can be exchanged and in a process of doing that the gain is not taxed, the tax is deferred, the basis is tracked from one property into another as you exchange from one to the other, but you temp. avoid and defer the taxed. A property that falls under this code would be a 1031 Asset. 8. CH22 Q8

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the 1031 exchange? 1. any cash or personal property received in an exchange is fully taxable in the year of the exchange  0% 2. the properties must be like-kind  0% 3. the properties must be trade or business or investment properties  0% 4. the seller must own a personal residence  100%

The text also talks about 1 other. Section 1231 Asset. You need to know what kinds of assets are described in the IRS Section 1231. A question might be: “What’s the biggest advantage of a Sec 1231 Asset?” may have something to do with protection from lawsuits, depreciation taken, or the treatment of cost basis, or how losses are deductible against ordinary income. Which one and what are some other benefits of a 1231 asset. Be careful that you’re looking at a question describing exchanging within the setup within the question it says Sec 1231 that it’s a red herring and taking you down the wrong path. The section 1231 Asset does not qualify for exchange. 10. CH22 Q10

What is the biggest advantage of a Section 1231 asset?

1. any losses are fully deductible against ordinary income  100% 2. it is protected from law suits  0% 3. it does not require depreciation  0% 4. it has no original cost basis  0% You’ll need to be able to spot examples of various kinds of income treatment, and identify it as portfolio income, passive income and active income? If we give you wages, consulting fees – is that portfolio income or earned income (which is classified as active income (according to this chapter). What is a passive income example? What is a portfolio example and how is the tax treatment different within those three major types of activities? Active Income - income earned from salaries, wages, commissions, and bonuses

Portfolio Income - income from investments in securities or unimproved land and includes interest and dividend income on investments such as stocks and bonds (ex: REITS)

Passive Activity Income - include all income generated from rental real estate investments

A homeowner, when we think about taxation, really constitutes a fourth category of tax treatment because there are so many tax benefits that are peculiar and unique to those that own a principal residence. Do you know the major differences? i.e.; can you depreciate your ownership of the principal residence? You Can’t – that would be a distinguishing characteristic of something you would not be able to do. Yet – the same property, were you to leave it as your principal residence, can be report differently on your taxes. You can now tell the IRS that the house that you were reporting the mortgage and home equity interest on is now being rented. Now you can depreciate it. You need to be able to spot that 4th category – is it passive, active, portfolio income - or a specific benefit or limitations that is because of the asset and the income derived is due to home ownership or not.

Similar to that are categories of property that are used in the income tax law, so we might talk about whether something is a capital asset or not. Is this a personal residence (in the above example) is this a passive activity property or not? Or is it a dealer property. If it’s a dealer property it’s treated differently. If you and I invest in a property and are treated one way by the IRS, or we could sell that property to someone else. If they are a RE professional, depending on how they conduct themselves, they may be excluded from the benefits that we received, because that was an investment for us, but for them it could be part of their biz activity. If so, if they are a dealer than the treatment that they’ll get is ordinary income treatment, in their tax bracket. We might have wound up with lower tax rates and hold the same property because for us it’s investment property, for them it’s dealer property. Know the types of property and the categories or treatment of income are keys to CHAPTER 21 to know.

CHAPTER 23 is the one that we’ve done a lot of edits to, because it’s so widely used at both the grad and undergrad. Know a few keys to limited pages you should study that we told you about – like – diversification of risk, how do you manage a portfolio risk, what are some of the specific activities in the selection of assets in a portfolio that you might do to minimize the risk? If we said that this is a diversification strategy and these are the risks, you should be able to pick out one of those items as not being a way to diversify the holdings – it will be fairly obvious.

The uncertainty of risk factors if rental rates and occupancy levels in a particular market – like the user market – a question like which of the following is not a demand factor in valuing the risks of rental rates and the occupancies in a user market. Give some choices, the demand for occupant services, changes in the population or the level of the unoccupied space (vacancy level) or the level of office employment. One is NOT a demand factor when you look at the uncertainty of rental rates at occupancy levels – which one would it be.

All of the following are might be strategies to mitigate risk except: Avoiding a risky project Insurance and interest rate hedging Variant selection Diversification of portfolio assets PAGE 625 Strategies to avoid risk : Avoiding risky projects, using insurance to transfer risk to others, performing due diligence and diversification

Chapter 19 – Brokerage and Listing Contracts: Know the acronyms, anti-discrimination, concerns regarding agencies, who has obligations to whom under the various forms. Knowing the duties of disclosure, loyalty, obedience – which of the arrangements require those various things. Fiduciary relationship, page 495

Chapter 20 – Remedies for the contract might be posed. 2. CH20 Q2

Which of the following is not a remedy available to the non-defaulting party in a real estate contract? 1. they may call the police 100% 2. they may rescind the contract 0% 3. they may sue for damages 0% 4. they may sue for specific purpose 0%

We discussed that it will also deal with RESPA, since most contracts deal with it and what they require. What are some of the things that come out of RESPA? Know what is contained in a HUD1 Form? What does it contain and the reason that the government wants consumers to use and be protected by it. This stuff can be found on pgs. 538-539. The RESPA requirements are 1. a special information booklet. 2. a good faith estimate of settlement costs. 3. a uniform settlement statement (HUD-1 form) and 4. Prohibition against kickbacks. The HUD-1 form contains all charges imposed by the lender; charges incurred by the buyer and seller separately and outside the closing are not required to be disclosed 3. CH20 Q3

All of the following are requirements that must be met under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act EXCEPT: 1. a special information booklet must be given to very loan applicant 0% 2. a good-faith estimate of settlement costs must be provided 0% 3. an inspection report must be provided 100% 4. a uniform settlement (HUD-1) must be provided 0%

Prorations – know – some of the examples as discussed this past Tuesday. Items are clearly prorated with prepaid rent, property taxes, mortgage interest, but there are some that need to be paid in whole – not in part – can you spot the difference? Look at the quizzes. It seems to me that fees are not able to be prorated and must be paid in whole. Insurance, taxes and interest can be broken down to day by day basis, or prorated, while the fees are paid all at once. 6. CH20 Q6

Which of the following will not possibly be prorated at closing? 1. appraisal Fee 100% 2. prepaid rent 0% 3. property tax 0% 4. mortgage interest 0%

A contract that had a clause that said “ this contract is dependent on the satisfactory building inspection to be made within 10 days of the final acceptance of this contract” this clause is know as what? Conditional / Performance / Professional Svces / Contract with Contingencies? Chapter 20 Quiz, Question 8

A contract states the following: “the contract is dependent upon a satisfactory building inspection to be made within 10 days of final acceptance of contract.” This is known as what? Contract with contingencies

Why do we record things in RE? Example - the recording of a deed or easement? Chapter 20 Quiz, Question 10 What is the purpose of recording in real estate? to inform anyone who may have a potential interest in the property

Notices – Public notices, Constructive notice. What are the elements of constructive notice vs. actual notice and how are they different? Page 544. Constructive notice informs anyone who may have a potential interest in the property of both the lender and owner. Page 478 – actual notice

What are the number of days in required by RESPA that a lender must provide the borrower with an estimate of the closing costs? RESPA requires lenders to provide borrowers with an estimate of closing costs when the borrower applies for a loan or within 3 business days before signing a contract for sale page: 542

Chapter 20 – First slide – what is the most document in Real Estate? The answer is in the quiz. Page 233 in lecture notes Contract for Sale: The Most Important Document in Real Estate

Ch 18 – Quiz question about the landowner that divides parcel and access to the street. Know the answer.

Chapter 18 Quiz, Question 1 A landowner divides his land into two parcels. The front parcel faces the street while the back parcel has no access to the street. The grantee of the back parcel claims he can drive across the existing road in the front parcel to access their back parcel. What is this called? Easement by prior use  Is correct according to the quiz. However, page 476 indicates that “easement of necessity” is probably better, since the question states “parcel has no access” but if this debatable question appears again, you must decide which choice you think is best.

Statute of frauds has a particular requirement with contract law. What is that requirement? Can you spot it easily? It has to be in writing in order to be enforced. Statute of Frauds - Provision adopted by all states requiring that all deeds, long-term leases and mortgages must be in writing to be enforceable. Derives from the original Statute of Frauds on 1677.

In lecture, water rights were discussed. Terms like accretion, reliction, erosion, alluvium – Know definitions.(from Lecture 11/28/06 2nd hour) Accretion: Gradual increase of land due to natural causes Reliction: Gradual receding of water uncovering additional land Erosion: Gradual loss of land due to natural forces Alluvion: Deposit of land as a result of accretion

Various ways that a seller can give evidence of title – what are the options that a seller has to offer a buyer evidence of title? Title abstract w/ attorney’s opinion (is a correct answer)/ Recording Statutes / Title Search / Paying for a series of specific inspections? (this is according to the contract terms in the text) 2 ways: 1)	Title abstract, together with an attorney’s opinion of title, 2)	Title insurance commitment (page 479)

There is a part promise contained in deeds and title that says that the property won’t be claimed by someone with a better claim. What is that known as? Covenant of Season / Covenant against Encumbrances / Covenant of Deed / Covenant of Quiet Enjoyment. (is a correct answer) page 470

Prof Monroe wishes us the best on the final, graduation and our careers.

title: Real estate analysis exam review


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User talk:Jorl64

Welcome to Wikiversity. --JWSchmidt 15:38, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Jorl64


text:
Talk:Real estate analysis exam review

"students in Real estate Analysis. We have opened up a spot on Wikiuniversity to temporarily work more efficiently.( this page will be deleted on 12/16)"

Please provide more details about where this "Real estate Analysis" course is being conducted. Who is the instructor?. Wikiversity is not a temporary workspace where you can control the deletion of pages. --JWSchmidt 16:00, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

 * I don't quite understand the goal of this page. Could we please have someone explain? Trinity507 20:13, 7 September 2009 (UTC)

 * Page abandoned. Removing protection notice.  -- Dave Braunschweig (discuss • contribs) 14:36, 2 January 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Real estate analysis exam review


text:
Blues basics

Blues is one of the truly American modern art-forms. The blues is related to all the other major American branches in popular music, especially jazz. Though the blues form is associated with ballads, it does have a vast corpus of fast up-tempo songs.

The Foundation
The Blues is built around a chord progression known as the 1 • 4 • 5 progression, also written in Roman numerals as I - IV - V. This chord sequence has been around in folk songs, ballads and in hymns since antiquity and is derived from a chord relationship model known as the circle of fifths. The most common forms of Blues are played on guitar accompanied by at least some representation of bass and drums. The mystique and charm of the Blues comes from its simple familiarity and its feel. Relax.

The Twelve-bar Blues
The twelve-bar blues is familiar and fairly easy to learn. It is as common as dirt to play it in the key of E and in 4/4 time. What makes it 12-bar is that there are twelve 4-count bars also called measures before the pattern repeats. We're playing E, A, and B7. We have rhythm and lead guitars, walking bass and drums doing a 'shuffle' beat. [[Media:12barBluesTutorial.ogg|Listen]].

Transcript: E, A, E, E, A, A, E, E, B7, A, E, B7 ...E

The Blues Scale
The blues scale has the following harmonies: R, b3, 4, b5, 5, b7. The number of steps b/w each note is: 1.5, w, h, h, 1.5, w. (or can also be: 1.5, t, s, s, 1.5, t) The blues scale is basically the Pentatonic Scale with a tritone mixed in. A tritone is a very dissonant interval used in the blues scale as a "color note."

The following is a sliding scale for guitar of the blues scale:

For your first time using the scale, the different colors are meaningless except for the black circles. The black circles indicate the root notes. If you wanted to play an E Blues scale then you would imagine the black circle on the E string in at the twelfth fret. Two octaves of the blues scale would be as follows: low E 12th fret, low E 15th fret, A 12th fret, A 13th fret, A 14th fret, D 12th fret, D 14th fret, G 12th fret, G 14th fret, G 15th fret, B 12th fret, 15th fret, E 12th fret

The different colors do serve a purpose. For a given scale the interval of a note (half steps b/w note and root) determine its sound. For example all the red notes represent a fifth (7 half steps), so all the red circles will have the same feel to them. As you learn what the feel of the different notes of a scale are, you can more easily make your guitar make the sounds you want it to.

This is the blues scale based on the pentatonic minor scale. It is the pentatonic minor scale with a flat fifth added in which is known as the blue note. This is the blues scale that is used for blues progressions in minor keys, (this is not always the case, search modulation).

You can also create the blues scale using the pentatonic major scale by adding in the "blue note." This would be used for playing playing over chord progressions in the major key.

Blues has a long and great tradition of improvised playing. Once you learn the scale for a particular key you should get some backing tracks and start jamming! It's the best part about playing guitar and its a lot of fun and you can jam with other musicians and meet new people and discover new ideas and approaches to the instrument, go nuts!

Your First Jam
This is a backing in the key of E.

The I: e| B| G| D| A|-2-2-4-4-2-2-4-4 E|-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0

The IV: e| B| G| D|-2-2-4-4-2-2-4-4 A|-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0 E|

The V: e| B| G| D|-4-4-6-6-4-4-6-6 A|-2-2-2-2-2-2-2-2 E|

Turnaround:

e|--- B|--- G|--- D|--- A|-2-2-4-4-5-5-4-4-2-2-4-222222-- E|-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-000000--

Audio resources

 * - Charley and a sidekick goof around with Audacity to demonstrate some Blues basics
 * - Charley plays two rounds of 12-bar Blues on guitar (4 tracks) with Hydrogen software drummer.

title: Blues basics


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Forming a band

< School:Music and Dance

First decisions

 * Decide to be the leader, and choose whomever you want to work with. Make sure it is someone who you find easy to get along with.
 * Set a meeting time.
 * Don't be afraid to ask for advice of someone more professional.
 * Work up 6 songs and find an open mic or jam session where you can test out your chops.

Who wants to play what ?
(categorizing your band)

Once you've decided to form a band, you should establish what genre of music you aim to play (i.e. rock, blues, jazz, etc.). This must be known in order to select the instrumentation best needed for your band. In most cases, a band will consist of the following :

 * One (1) percussionist or drummer
 * One (1) bass guitar
 * One or more chord/harmonic instrument(s) (such as piano or guitar)
 * One or more lead instrument(s) responsible for the melodies (such as a vocalist or a horn)

Advantages of a bigger band :

 * Fuller sound
 * Will be able to play richer and more complex music arrangements

Inconveniences of a bigger band :

 * More schedules to coordinate
 * Greater needs in terms of rehearsal space and equipment
 * Less individual share in paid gig situations

Finding band members
The best way to find band members is through personal contacts and word-of-mouth. In a nutshell...networking. In this way, you can size up a candidate band mate's personality, level of musicianship, and interest. Some ways to get started are to :

 * Contact musician friends/relatives
 * Post wanted ads in classified papers or online sites (i.e. Craigslist)
 * Attend open mic or jam sessions at coffee shops, restaurants, music stores, etc.
 * Join a community college ensemble (will require the ability to read music and may require an audition)

Naming your band
Bands need names. You could always just take the name of the band leader, or "Frontman." If you decide to do that, one option is to add a nickname for the rest of the band, Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, for example.

The other option is to create a nickname for the whole band. This can be virtually anything. It could be a plural noun, implying that each person in the band is one of them (e.g. The Eagles, The Rolling Stones). It could be a phrase, an adjective, a verb, or anything else. It is helpful to have a funny story behind the name.

A rare occurance is to use a list of the major band members as a name, such as Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young. This usually only works when each individual is already well-known.

title: Forming a band


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User:ST47

I am a member of the SWMT, my userpage is at en:w:ST47

title: User:ST47


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C++

This is a placeholder for Portal:Engineering and Technology → School:Computer Science → Topic:Computer Programming → C++

Welcome to the C++ programming course. Whether you're not certain which language to pick or you've already decided on C++, you've come to the right place.

C++ is arguably the most versatile language in common use. C++ allows for both high-performance code as well as expressive abstractions and design constructs. The language is not perfect but it does represent an excellent compromise between these potentially conflicting language capabilities. C++ combines "low-level" programming tailored to specific machine architectures with "high-level" programming, which can allow code to be completely abstracted from any particulars of the machine executing the program. Both approaches have pros and cons that we'll cover in this tutorial. If interested, Wikibooks also has material on this subject.

Why should you learn C++?

The C++ language originally derives from the imperative language C. The defining feature which distinguishes C++ from C is support for Object-Oriented Programming (OOP). This makes C++ a multi-paradigm programming language. An example that can help to demonstrate what OOP means:

If you were writing a program to track the statistics of a racing cyclist, you might make different parts of the program for their age, years of racing, wins, falls, what teams they've raced with and so on. In real life, though, that's not how we think. Instead, we would think of the cyclist as a whole, and the different statistics as being part of him. We could also apply that general "model" of a cyclist, maybe with a few modifications, to any cyclist, and have a complete representation of them. This is the essence of object-oriented programming, and as you understand it more fully, it will allow you to create powerful, yet easily-understood programs. Instead of relying on data that is scattered throughout a program, you can create a block of code that defines everything you need, and then reuse that throughout the program.

As a further example, think of a motor car. You unlock it with the key and get in. Then, you turn the ignition, put the car in reverse, release the brake, and press the accelerator. As you drive, you use the steering wheel, the brake, and the accelerator (and maybe the clutch). You don't know or need to know all the specifics of the car to make it work. You just use what you need, and it's simple, too. Object-oriented programming is like that. You can make powerful code, but it's all hidden, and you can interact and reuse that code using simple controls.

Other languages, such as Java, Python, Smalltalk and C#, allow the programmer to write code in this object-orientated way. The key difference between C++ and these languages is that C++ is designed to be compiled into efficient low-level code which can run directly on the processor of a computer. This ability means that C++ differs in many ways from these other languages, and lacks many of the advanced facilities you might be familiar with if you already know one of them.

Prerequisites
Having fundamental knowledge of C programming.

Get an integrated development environment (IDE), generally consisting of a graphical user interface (GUI), a compiler (transforms C/C++ code into a machine-readable program) and a text editor. Most C++ IDEs use the GNU C++ compiler which is part of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC). This is a program from the Free Software Foundation distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL). For detailed information, check the official GCC webpage.

Some might say that it is important to learn to edit code using an editor and compile it manually. There is time for that later; the manual editing process changes depending on system and compiler, so put it off until you can write significant programs.

Recommendations for an IDE are Microsoft Visual Studio Community C++ (freeware, Windows; step-into debugging), Xcode (freeware, Macintosh OS X; step-into debugging), Eclipse (free and open-source, cross-platform; step-into debugging) or Code::Blocks with Mingw (free and open-source, cross-platform; no step-into debugging). Dev-C++ (free and open-source, Windows; step-into debugging) is often mentioned, though it hasn't seen active development in years. A fairly recent addition to this list is the Open Watcom C++ compiler and environment (open-source, cross-platform; no step-into debugging).

Most of the compilers/IDEs listed here are native to the Microsoft Windows operating system. C/C++ was born on UNIX, and there are several free UNIX operating systems such as FreeBSD. C/C++ comes with most GNU/Linux variants. Any of the operating systems and compilers/IDEs listed above are sufficient to learn to program C/C++.

Your enthusiasm is also required. This is meant for a first-time user. Every lesson will only depend on what has already been taught in previous lessons. All you need here is your willingness to learn, experiment, and have fun with computers.

Course Description
This course covers most introductory & intermediate topics of C++, starting with basic priniciples and working up to more advanced concepts such as polymorphism and inheritance.

Pros and Cons of C++
Pros
 * Is extremely popular, and therefore lots of support is available.
 * Has a large base of freely available code for download, while also supporting direct integration with ASM and C.
 * Is very powerful, and can be used to create just about any program, including low-level system programs.
 * There is a compiler for C++ on every major operating system. C++ programs that are purposely written for portability will work on many major operating systems with little change in code.
 * C++ is a language which is compiled (transformed from human readable code to low-level machine code), so it can often run faster than languages such as Java, Python, and C#, as it does not depend on an interpreter or a "run-time environment" which must be loaded beforehand.
 * Has a long-established usage base that likely guarantees support for the language will continue for quite some time.
 * Many languages are based off of C/C++, such as Java, so knowledge in C++ will make it easier to understand these languages.
 * Has a relatively small associated C++ Standard Library as compared to languages such as Java's Standard Platform SDK or C#'s .NET Framework, permitting greater versatility and reducing the system footprint of resulting compilations.
 * Has been standardized by the International Standards Association as ISO/IEC 14882 with significant versions of the standard released in 1998, 2003 and 2011.
 * Has a significant number of open source libraries available, including the Boost which are freely and widely available.

Cons
 * It is not very safe by itself, as it lacks automatic boundary checks, invalid pointer checks, etc., allows for invisible side-effects (causing non-deterministic behavior) and allows implicit type casting. Many security issues and memory leaks are a direct result of this, unless an extra effort is made to prevent them.
 * By default, there is no built-in memory management, even if smart pointers introduced from C++11 allow automatic resource management.
 * Its OOP system is rather archaic, requiring explicit virtualization of methods among other things usually reserved for older languages.
 * Lacks the ability to define completely custom operators. (Not to be confused with the ability to define custom implementations for a hard-wired set of operators, which C++ has.)
 * Does not offer full algebraic data types.
 * Functions are not first-class types. (Although pointers allow for workarounds.)
 * Has a somewhat more difficult learning curve than some other languages. For instance, C++'s most powerful features, such as templates, have a very complex syntax.
 * Is very picky how code is formatted (but not quite as picky as FORTRAN, RPG or Haskell). For example, if you forget to add a semicolon, the program won't compile.
 * GUI, Networking aren't standardized, requiring the use of non-standard, third-party libraries (though many such libraries, both free and commercial, are available, as is the possibility to use C libraries), Boost being one of the preferred. The lack of a standard, however, may hamper learnability and interoperability or at least require some extended investigation.

Lessons

 * Lesson 1: Introduction to C++
 * Lesson 2: Variables and User Input
 * Lesson 3: Simple Math
 * Lesson 4: Conditional Statements
 * Lesson 5: Loops
 * Lesson 6: Functions and Recursion
 * Lesson 7: More Functions
 * Lesson 8: Pointers, References and Pointers
 * Lesson 9: Classes and Inheritance
 * Lesson 10: Templates 1
 * Lesson 11: Templates 2
 * Lesson 12: The STL
 * Lesson 13: STL Algorithms

Enrolled
You can add your name here or on the enrolled sub-page. You should resign your enrollment each year about if you want to be considered an active enrollee. /Enrolled/
 * Mirged 00:45, 8 January 2023 (UTC) My career started from here.
 * Supernyv 13:00, 01 June 2022 (GMT+1) Ambitious and Passionate about computer programming. Adding C++ to my skills.
 * Cap356 18:47, 19 October 2010 (UTC) learning to change the world!
 * Tavoricko 16:58, 1 July 2010 (UTC)
 * Zngga 22:34, 14 June 2010 (UTC)Moving from Java to C++!
 * iCyberBombzz
 * Tarif Ezaz 06:56, 5 May 2010 (UTC) I believe "sharing" Knowledge is power, and with wikiversity for that reason :D
 * Zendegi 05:06, 29 November 2010 (UTC)Looking to refresh after 15 years away, with a complete lack of OOP
 * KReeves 00:22, 21 January 2011 (UTC) Also taking C++ in college. Looking for a new perspective to help me better understand.
 * Alex_loves_you 10:52, 25 April 2011 (UTC) Really into web development. Looking to expand my programing horizon. Love this website by the way.
 * hilq 12:48, 19 June 2011 (UTC) I can also help about your C++ development at hand.
 * L1ght5h0w 16:23, 12 August 2014 (UTC)
 * Varun Tokas (discuss • contribs) 13:52, 28 February 2016 (UTC)Learning C++ to get into our school computer club as youngest programmer
 * Snitch (discuss • contribs) 09:26, 28 June 2013 (UTC)Moving from VBA to c++ (beginner). WikyU looks great!
 * Muhammad j yakubu (discuss • contribs) 08:52, 27 December 2016 (UTC) Looking for the way to create a powerful program in c++ (Beginner)
 * Alexander 6:48, 28 May 2021 (ET) Started learning C++ (beginner)
 * Shahzad Aslam 19:38, 23-Jun-2021; Started learning programming at the age of 46!
 * Jeremiah Breval 3:07 PM 4/17/2022 (ET) I'm just a basic programmer who wanted to take my superficial knowledge and develop it
 * 4Chan (discuss • contribs) I like C++, CS and VB/Net (entity Visual Studio) 05:31, 7 July 2024 (UTC)

Websites

 * Tutorial on learncpp.com
 * Tutorial on cplusplus.com
 * https://www.cprogramming.com/
 * https://www.learnprogramz.com/
 * https://programiz.pro/learn/master-cpp

External learning links

 * What are the differences between the C programming languages: C, C++, C#, and Objective C? (on Reddit)

title: C++


text:
User talk:Heckler0077

Welcome to wikiversity, hope you enjoy it. Student Galaxy 17:07, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

C++ Programming
I notice your interest in C++. I would like to invite you to take a look at C++ Programming on Wikibooks and consider contributing there as well if your interested. --darklama 19:38, 10 December 2006 (UTC)

title: User talk:Heckler0077


text:
Template:Basic filmmaking:Table of contents:Creating the thumbnail storyboards

 * If you have problems :

 * {| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="480px"

 * bgcolor="LightCyan" style="border: 1px LightGrey solid;" |Things to worry about! ("Crossing the line.")
 * }

 * {| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="480px"

 * bgcolor="LightCyan" style="border: 1px LightGrey solid;" |More things to worry about! (Eyeballs & cameras)
 * }

[[Media:SBTDS_Thumbnail_Storyboard_tiny.pdf | Storyboard worksheet (pdf)]] • [[Media:SBTDS Thumbnail Storyboard.pdf | Storyboard worksheet larger (pdf)]] •  Story • Script Outline •  Sample storyboard frames • [[Media:SBTDS Script Ciprian2.pdf|Formatted script]] • Floor plan.
 * }