text:
Biophysics/Introduction

Biophysics Projects

 * Biologie Moléculaire http://fr.wikiversity.org/wiki/Département:Biologie_moléculaire
 * Portal:Mathematics
 * Portal:Physical Sciences

Département de Biophysique

 * Departement: Biophysique:
 * "Cette discipline aboutit à l'utilisation de moyens modernes d'investigation qualitatifs et quantitatifs en Biologie comme en Médecine, ainsi que, dans cette dernière, à des moyens thérapeutiques à partir de l'utilisation notamment des ondes et radiations."

"La biophysique est l'étude des phénomènes physiques intervenant chez les êtres vivants."
 * Faculté de Biologie

Département de Biologie Moléculaire
"La biologie moléculaire est une discipline scientifique au croisement de la génétique, de la biochimie et de la physique, dont l'objet est la compréhension des mécanismes de fonctionnement de la cellule au niveau moléculaire. La biochimie est la discipline scientifique qui étudie les réactions chimiques ayant lieu au sein des cellules."
 * Département de Biologie Moléculaire

Languages: (en),(fr), (ro)

 * "Biophysics is the study of physical phenomena that occur in living beings"..., but without a definition of Life, or of the "living", the subject of Biophysics would remain only vaguely pointing at functional organisms. Determining what Life is also remains, therefore, in the domain of Biophysics--specifically of Mathematical biophysics or Relational Biology. In other words, one is asking:
 * What are the fundamental relations among the components and processes, and also  among relations occurring in an organism that distinguish the latter from a simple or complex physical system, such as a crystal, a stone, a machine or automaton, a robot, a computer, and so on ?
 * A related question is that of the underlying operational logics of an organism (which is not Boolean, and it is not perhaps even a quantum logic), and of its defining axioms.

Welcome to an International Biophysics Course !

 * Lecture notes can be now obtained in: English (en), French (fr) and Romanian (ro), (ISO 691-1) languages.
 * New instructors or students may add, however, more languages-- among those already approved by the Wikiversity for such educational and research web site projects.
 * The addition to this website of specialized expert new lectures or lecture notes or web links to Lecture notes and other Biophysics or Crystallography departments-- that fit in with the announced Syllabus-- is encouraged and appreciated.
 * For questions regarding Ph.D. review questions in Crystallography see also Doctoral review questions in Crystallography
 * [[image:DNA animation.gif|thumb|225px|right|DNA Double-helix Molecular Model]]

Syllabus
Up-to-date descriptions of the background, methods and techniques of protein crystallography, including the mathematical concepts and tools needed to understand X-ray and neutron diffraction, as well as 2D-FT NMR determination of molecular structure in solution. (See also a simple introduction to Proton (H-1) NMR (fr))
 * Protein and Nucleic Acid Structure and Dynamics:
 * Protein crystallography is a multidisciplinary area of research that overlaps in part with several subfields of biochemistry, structural molecular biology, bioinformatics, biophysics, biochemistry and organic chemistry.

 * Introduction to Crystallography (fr)-- Lectures (Leçons): 2. Crystal Systems (lattices), 3. Close packing, 4. Crystal Types, 5. Examples of Crystals, 6. Interstitial lattice sites 7. Crystal Defects, 8. Noncrystalline systems

Lecture 15:Examples of crystal lattices: fcc, bcc, diamond; Miller indices of crystal lattice planes.
 * Introduction to group theory
 * Mathematics of theoretical physics
 * Group Theory for Physicists
 * General assistance with mathematics
 * Materials Science and Engineering/List of Topics--Lecture 14:Introduction to the Solid State: The Seven Crystal Systems;The Fourteen Bravais Lattices

 * /Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy/ (FCS) and confocal imaging microscopy of cellular processes and structures.
 * Single molecule detection (SMD) and enzyme kinetics.

 * Microscopy of Cell Structure, Dynamics and Physiological Function.

 * Mathematical Foundations of Biophysics:
 * Computational biophysics: Molecular Dynamics and computer simulation techniques (e.g., Monte Carlo)
 * Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Biophysics and Quantum Biochemistry
 * Harmonic analysis in Medical Diagnostic Imaging and Patient image processing, contrast enhancement or reconstruction
 * Modelling cells and multicellular organisms
 * Biotopology and Algebraic Topology applications to Mathematical Biophysics
 * Relational Networks and Categories of Metabolic-Replication Systems
 * Relational Biology applications to understanding Aging and Metabolic Disorders

 * [[image:Seawifs global biosphere.jpg|thumb|center|300px|Photosynthesis in the Biosphere]]

 * [[image:Simple photosynthesis overview.svg|thumb|right|225px]]

 *  Syllabus of an International Course on Photosynthesis
 * Structure and Dynamics of Photosynthetic Membranes
 * Quantum mechanisms of photosynthetic water oxidation in algae and higher plants
 * Mechanisms of PS I photosystem
 * Manganese and calcium ion role(s) in photosynthetic water oxidation
 * The Oxygen Evolving Complex: Structure and Function
 * FCS applications to Photosynthesis
 * Single Molecule Detection and Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy studies of Photosynthesis
 * High-field and 2D-NMR investigations of Photosynthetic Mechanisms
 * FT-NIR Spectroscopy and Hyper-spectral/Chemical Imaging of Photosynthetic Cells and Functional Chloroplasts
 * IR spectrometry

Learning materials and introductory articles

 * Metabolic pathways
 * 1) C4 carbon fixation: trace experiments with radioactive labels
 * 2) Quantum physics aspects of Photosynthesis
 * 3) Photosynthetic systems: PSI and PSII coupling
 * aquaporin
 * 1) Specific chloride channels
 * Hydronium ion
 * 1) Specific w:Hydronium ion
 * Beta counting
 * 1) Regulation of metabolic pathways
 * 2) Specific inhibitors of photosynthesis, such as hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and uncouplers
 * 3) Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry
 * 4) Gamma counting
 * 5) Enzyme assays
 * 6) Micronutrients
 * 7) Manganese ions' role(s) in photosynthesis
 * 8) Neutron activation analysis of Mn contents in purified, active thylakoid (photosynthetic) membranes and PSII-particles
 * 9) Enzymes
 * 10) Krebs' cycle
 * 11) Pyruvate decarboxylation
 * 12) The ATP cycle and its coupling to photosynthetic processes
 * 13) Oxidative phosphorilation
 * 14) Calvin Cycle
 * 15) Dickens-Horecker cycle
 * 16) Hexose interconversions
 * 17) Neoglucogenesis
 * 18) Glycogenesis
 * 19) Glycogenolysis
 * 20) Cori cycle
 * 21) fatty acids
 * 22) Essential fatty acids
 * 23) poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA);
 * 24) eicosanoids: prostaglandins, thromboxanes, prostacyclin and leukotrienes.
 * 25) The lipid bilayer, item, and transport across the bilayer through pores, channels, etc.
 * 26) PCR

Selected Examples

 * 1) Bessel functions arise in many mathematical models such as those for vibrating surfaces. Such functions also occur in the analysis of X-ray Diffraction patterns of helical molecules such as certain proteins and also nucleic acids (DNAs, RNAs.)

"When mathematically analyzing a vibrating drum the boundary conditions lead to solutions that are harmonic functions. When using cylindrical coordinates, the solutions are sines, cosines or Bessel functions (in the radial direction)".

Course textbooks

 * H.R. Wilson. ``Diffraction of X-rays by Proteins, Nucleic acids and Viruses'' London: Arnold publs. (1966).
 * Lehninger. "Biochemistry", latest edition.
 * D.W. Ball. "Physical Chemistry". (2003).
 * Voet & Voet. "Biochemistry". J.Wiley:Oxford, U.K.(2000).
 * Advanced DNA Techniques
 * Molecular Modelling and Dynamics
 * Spectroscopy and Imaging: Principles, Theory, Techniques and Applications

Things remaining to do-Short list

 * 1) Continue and expand lectures
 * 2) New Instructor involvement in biophysics courses
 * 3) Web links to biophysics and protein structure syllabi at several universities
 * 4) Add other resources (such as: Structure and Genomic Databases, Image libraries and galleries, Library links, and so on.
 * 5) Develop student Enrollment and student Help pages

Leçons par thèmes = Lectures by subject

 * Données de physique utilisées en biologie [Modifier]

Leçons par niveau = Lectures by level

 * Novice Niveau 0 à 2	Débutant Niveau 2 à 5	Intermédiaire Niveau 6 à 9
 * Avancé Niveau 10 à 12
 * Données de physique utilisées en biologie
 * Expert Niveau 13 à 15
 * Ondes et optique géométrique
 * Perfectionnement Niveau 16 à 18
 * Modèle:2--Microspéctroscopie et Analyse Biochimique des Images d'Embryon. Modifier!

Instructors
If you have knowledge in this field, please post your name here to answer questions from students.

Short list of course consultants and instructors:

 * User:Bci21- Instructor & Professor-Professeur
 * Biophysik
 * Y
 * Z

External links for the International Biophysics Course

 * Wikipedia biophysics article
 * Biophysical Society
 * Biophysical Journal
 * British Biophysical Society
 * Society for Mathematical Biology
 * Relational Biology
 * [http://www.biophysics.org/2012china/Home/tabid/2984/Default.aspx
 * Weak Protein-Ligand Interactions:
 * NMR Spectroscopy,Mass Spectroscopy,
 * X-Ray Crystallography, Small Angle Light Scattering,
 * In Vivo Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer(FRET),Single Molecule Fluorescence Spectroscopy,
 * Atomic Force Microscopy]

 * Basics
 * 1) The International System of Units, item
 * 2) Nomenclature of organic chemistry,item,
 * 3) Logarithms
 * 4) Nuclides
 * 5) Radioactive decay
 * 6) gas laws, Gases and Gas Laws
 * 7) Partial pressure and mole fraction
 * 8) Osmosis
 * 9) Diffusion
 * 10) pH, pKa's and titration
 * 11) Buffers
 * Biomolecules -- Structures, classification and properties of:
 * 1) Nucleic acids
 * 2) Amino acids
 * 3) Protein
 * 4) Carbohydrate
 * 5) Lipid
 * Laboratory and Analytical Methods
 * 1) Simple (glass) laboratory equipment and how to use it
 * 2) Laboratory safety
 * 3) Size exclusion chromatography
 * 4) UV-VIS Spectrometry
 * 5) Centrifugation and Ultracentrifugation
 * 6) Electrophoresis
 * 7) Chromatography

 * Amino acids
 * 1) Decarboxylation
 * 2) Transamination
 * 3) General amino acid synthesis
 * 4) General amino acid catabolism
 * 5) Special amino acid metabolism
 * 6) Amino acid interconversion
 * 7) Urea cycle, item
 * 8) Gamma-glutamyl cycle
 * 9) Associated: Gout,Maple syrup disease
 * Proteins
 * 1) In vivo nucleic acids synthesis
 * 2) Nucleic acid degradation, pyrimidine and purine catabolism
 * 3) Peptide bond
 * 4) In vivo protein synthesis

Virtual Labs
(Schéma d'un analyseur de type trappe ionique (pièges à ions) 3D et trajectoire des ions, en spectrométrie de mass).

 * Biofizică

Biofyzika de:Kurs:Biophysik el:Βικιεπιστήμιο:Βικιβήμα Biofísica fi:Wikiopisto:Kahvihuone fr:Département:Biophysique it:Wikiversità:Bar Wikiversitatea ja:Wikiversity:談話室 pt:Wikiversidade:Esplanada ru:Викиверситет:Портал сообщества sv:Wikiversity:Café

 * Biophysics. (2012, June 5). Wikiversity, . Retrieved 18:44, June 5, 2012 from http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Biophysics&oldid=918460.

title: Biophysics/Introduction


text:
Nonlinear finite elements/Stress measures

Stress measures
Three stress measures are widely used in continuum mechanics (particularly in the computational context). These are

 * 1) The Cauchy stress ($$\boldsymbol{\sigma}$$) or true stress.
 * 2) The Nominal stress ($$\boldsymbol{N}$$) (which is the transpose of the first Piola-Kirchhoff stress ($$\boldsymbol{P} = \boldsymbol{N}^T$$).
 * 3) The second Piola-Kirchhoff stress or PK2 stress ($$\boldsymbol{S}$$).

Consider the situation shown the following figure. The following definitions use the information in the figure. In the reference configuration $$\Omega_0$$, the outward normal to a surface element $$d\Gamma_0$$ is $$\mathbf{N} \equiv \mathbf{n}_0$$ and the traction acting on that surface is $$\mathbf{t}_0$$ leading to a force vector $$d\mathbf{f}_0$$. In the deformed configuration $$\Omega$$, the surface element changes to $$d\Gamma$$ with outward normal $$\mathbf{n}$$ and traction vector $$\mathbf{t}$$ leading to a force $$d\mathbf{f}$$. Note that this surface can either be a hypothetical cut inside the body or an actual surface.

Cauchy stress
The Cauchy stress (or true stress) is a measure of the force acting on an element of area in the deformed configuration. This tensor is symmetric and is defined via

d\mathbf{f} = \mathbf{t}~d\Gamma = \boldsymbol{\sigma}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}~d\Gamma $$ or

\mathbf{t} = \boldsymbol{\sigma}^T\cdot\mathbf{n} $$ where $$\mathbf{t}$$ is the traction and $$\mathbf{n}$$ is the normal to the surface on which the traction acts.

Nominal stress/First Piola-Kirchhoff stress
The nominal stress ($$\boldsymbol{N}=\boldsymbol{P}^T$$) is the transpose of the first Piola-Kirchhoff stress (PK1 stress) ($$\boldsymbol{P}$$) and is defined via

d\mathbf{f} = \mathbf{t}_0~d\Gamma_0 = \boldsymbol{N}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}_0~d\Gamma_0 = \boldsymbol{P}\cdot\mathbf{n}_0~d\Gamma_0 $$ or

\mathbf{t}_0 = \boldsymbol{N}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}_0 = \boldsymbol{P}\cdot\mathbf{n}_0 $$ This stress is unsymmetric and is a two point tensor like the deformation gradient. This is because it relates the force in the deformed configuration to an oriented area vector in the reference configuration.

2nd Piola Kirchhoff stress
If we pull back $$d\mathbf{f}$$ to the reference configuration, we have

d\mathbf{f}_0 = \boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot d\mathbf{f} $$ or,

d\mathbf{f}_0 = \boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot \boldsymbol{N}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}_0~d\Gamma_0 = \boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot \mathbf{t}_0~d\Gamma_0 $$

The PK2 stress ($$\boldsymbol{S}$$) is symmetric and is defined via the relation

d\mathbf{f}_0 = \boldsymbol{S}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}_0~d\Gamma_0 = \boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot \mathbf{t}_0~d\Gamma_0 $$ Therefore,

\boldsymbol{S}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}_0 = \boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\mathbf{t}_0 $$

Relations between Cauchy stress and nominal stress
Recall Nanson's formula relating areas in the reference and deformed configurations:

\mathbf{n}~d\Gamma = J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}\cdot\mathbf{n}_0~d\Gamma_0 $$ Now,

\boldsymbol{\sigma}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}~d\Gamma = d\mathbf{f} = \boldsymbol{N}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}_0~d\Gamma_0 $$ Hence,

\boldsymbol{\sigma}^T\cdot (J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}\cdot\mathbf{n}_0~d\Gamma_0) = \boldsymbol{N}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}_0~d\Gamma_0 $$ or,

\boldsymbol{N}^T = J~(\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma})^T = J~\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} $$ or,

\boldsymbol{N} = J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} \qquad \text{and} \qquad \boldsymbol{N}^T = \boldsymbol{P} = J~\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} $$ In index notation,

N_{ij} = J~F_{ik}^{-1}~\sigma_{kj} \qquad \text{and} \qquad P_{ij} = J~\sigma_{ik}~F^{-1}_{jk} $$ Therefore,

J~\boldsymbol{\sigma} = \boldsymbol{F}\cdot\boldsymbol{N} = \boldsymbol{P}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T~. $$ The quantity $$\boldsymbol{\tau} = J~\boldsymbol{\sigma}$$ is called the Kirchhoff stress tensor and is used widely in numerical algorithms in metal plasticity (where there is no change in volume during plastic deformation).

Note that $$\boldsymbol{N}$$ and $$\boldsymbol{P}$$ are not symmetric because $$\boldsymbol{F}$$ is not symmetric.

Relations between nominal stress and second P-K stress
Recall that

\boldsymbol{N}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}_0~d\Gamma_0 = d\mathbf{f} $$ and

d\mathbf{f} = \boldsymbol{F}\cdot d\mathbf{f}_0 = \boldsymbol{F} \cdot (\boldsymbol{S}^T \cdot \mathbf{n}_0~d\Gamma_0) $$ Therefore,

\boldsymbol{N}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}_0 = \boldsymbol{F}\cdot\boldsymbol{S}^T\cdot\mathbf{n}_0 $$ or (using the symmetry of $$\boldsymbol{S}$$),

\boldsymbol{N} = \boldsymbol{S}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T \qquad \text{and} \qquad \boldsymbol{P} = \boldsymbol{F}\cdot\boldsymbol{S} $$ In index notation,

N_{ij} = S_{ik}~F_{jk} \qquad \text{and} \qquad P_{ij} = F_{ik}~S_{kj} $$ Alternatively, we can write

\boldsymbol{S} = \boldsymbol{N}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} \qquad \text{and} \qquad \boldsymbol{S} = \boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{P} $$

Relations between Cauchy stress and second P-K stress
Recall that

\boldsymbol{N} = J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} $$ In terms of the 2nd PK stress, we have

\boldsymbol{S}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T = J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} $$ Therefore,

\boldsymbol{S} = J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} = \boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\tau}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} $$ In index notation,

S_{ij} = F_{ik}^{-1}~\tau_{kl}~F_{jl}^{-1} $$ Since the Cauchy stress (and hence the Kirchhoff stress) is symmetric, the 2n PK stress is also symmetric.

Alternatively, we can write

\boldsymbol{\sigma} = J^{-1}~\boldsymbol{F}\cdot\boldsymbol{S}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T $$ or,

\boldsymbol{\tau} = \boldsymbol{F}\cdot\boldsymbol{S}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T ~. $$

Clearly, from definition of the push-forward and pull-back operations, we have

\boldsymbol{S} = \varphi^{*}[\boldsymbol{\tau}] = \boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\tau}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} $$ and

\boldsymbol{\tau} = \varphi_{*}[\boldsymbol{S}] = \boldsymbol{F}\cdot\boldsymbol{S}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T~. $$ Therefore, $$\boldsymbol{S}$$ is the pull back of $$\boldsymbol{\tau}$$ by $$\boldsymbol{F}$$ and $$\boldsymbol{\tau}$$ is the push forward of $$\boldsymbol{S}$$.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


text:
User:Rockpocket

I primarily edit Wikipedia as w:User:Rockpocket. I use this account mainly to assist in administrative work there.

title: User:Rockpocket


text:
User talk:Sebmol/Archive/2007-III

custodianships
After some arm twisting Darklama/IRC darkcode has agreed to accept a nomination for custodianship with SB_Johny as mentor. --JWSchmidt 20:43, 21 August 2007 (UTC)

Thanks for making Darklama probationary custodian. Could you now take a look at Candidates for Custodianship/Erkan Yilmaz? Thanks.--JWSchmidt 01:58, 24 August 2007 (UTC)

Please, mine too
Hi Sebmol, please change from Hardern to Nils Simon, as was already done in all other Wikimedia projects. Thanks! Hardern 22:24, 30 August 2007 (UTC)
 * Done. Cormaggio talk 18:31, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

Ad hoc medical advice on Wikiversity
You may be interested in a debate on the wikipedia reference desks - W:Wikipedia talk:Reference desk - in which it appears that a user is directing reference desk questioners who have asked for medical opinions, to the Wikiversity help desk, where an ad hoc answer is given. W:Wikipedia talk:Reference desk is also worth a read.

You may wish to consider whether Wikiversity should put in place policy relating to the answering of legal and medical opinion questions, as has Wikipedia. (e.g. # Do not request regulated professional advice. If you want to ask advice that "offline" would only be given by a member of a licensed and regulated profession (medical, legal, veterinary, etc.), do not ask it here. See Wikipedia:Medical disclaimer and/or Wikipedia:Legal disclaimer. Ask a doctor, dentist, veterinarian or lawyer.) --Tagishsimon 23:27, 4 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I posted a question on the reference desk talk page. sebmol ? 13:05, 6 September 2007 (UTC)

Permission to use your template
Hey Sebmol!

I wanted to make sure it would be ok with you to use your user template on my user page seeing as I really like the layout. Of course all of the links relating to your profile have been changed to my stuff but if you think it's necessary I would be more than happy to reference you as the source for the template!

Just let me know!

Thanks for your time,

TMyhres 23:53, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't have any problems with that. Feel free to use it. sebmol ? 19:28, 16 September 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problem with Image:User Sebmol.jpg
Thanks for uploading Image:User Sebmol.jpg. However, the image may soon be deleted unless we can determine the copyright holder and copyright status. The Wikimedia Foundation is very careful about the images included in Wikiversity because of copyright law (see Wikiversity' Copyright policy).

The copyright holder is usually the creator, the creator's employer, or the last person who was transferred ownership rights. Copyright information on images is signified using copyright templates. The three basic license types on Wikibooks are open content, public domain, and fair use. Find the appropriate template in Image copyright tags and place it on the image page like this:.

Please signify the copyright information on any other images you have uploaded or will upload. Remember that images without this important information or giving false information can be deleted by an administrator. If you have any questions, feel free to contact me, or ask them at the Study help desk. Thank you. – Mike.lifeguard | talk 22:13, 28 September 2007 (UTC)

 * I got one of these too. ~ Robert Elliott 02:10, 29 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Sebmol/Archive/2007-III


text: File:Mac delete key.png

title: File:Mac delete key.png


text: File:MozPhone GUI during a conference.jpg


text: File:Blueygh2 papabear.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 papabear.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 mamabear.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 mamabear.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 babybear.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 babybear.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 goldilockduck.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 goldilockduck.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 papabearsleepy.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 papabearsleepy.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 papabearhungry.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 papabearhungry.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 papabearangry.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 papabearangry.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 babybearsleepy.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 babybearsleepy.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 babybearsad.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 babybearsad.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 babybearhappy.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 babybearhappy.ogg


text:
User:Cygnis insignis

Cygnis insignis is perpetual student who edits at en:wp.

title: User:Cygnis insignis


text:
User talk:Cygnis insignis

Hello Cygnis insignis, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 11:29, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Cygnis insignis


text:
User talk:Alfienobel

Hello Alfienobel, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 11:50, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Alfienobel


text:
Adobe Photoshop/Blur Tool

The Blur Tool is used to paint a blur effect. Each stroke made using the Blur Tool will lower the contrast between affected pixels, making them appear blurred.

The context-sensitive Options Bar, usually located at the top of your workspace, will display all relevant options related to the Blur Tool.

The brush option allows you to alter the size and hardness of the brush. The hardness of the brush affects how soft or feathered the edges of the brush are. A soft blur brush will alter pixels at varying strengths, stronger in the center turning weaker towards the edges. It will make a stroke that blends well into the surrounding pixels. A harder blur brush will alter pixels at the given strength so that all affected pixels are blurred to the same degree. It will make a stroke that stands out against its neighboring pixels.

In the latest edition of Adobe Photoshop there are seven blur tool modes:

• Normal blur strokes affect all pixel information creating a standard blur.

• Darken blur strokes blur dark pixels into lighter neighboring pixels darkening the image.

• Lighten blur strokes blur light pixels into darker neighboring pixels lightening the image.

• Hue blur strokes blur variations in hue but not saturation or luminosity.

• Saturation blur strokes blur variations in saturation but not hue or luminosity.

• Color blur strokes blur variations in color (hue and saturation) but not luminosity.

• Luminosity blur strokes blur variations in luminosity but not hue or saturation.

The Strength option allows the user to choose to what extent their blur strokes blur the affected pixels. A lower strength percentage will not blur the pixels as noticeably as a higher strength percentage.

You can save your Blur tool settings for future ease of use. Click on the arrow next to the blur tool icon in the options bar and then click on the 'new' button below the right pointing arrow. Give it a name and press OK. For future use just return to the blur tool and click on the arrow next to the blur tool icon in the options bar to see a list of saved Blur tool pre-sets.

title: Adobe Photoshop/Blur Tool


text:
User talk:Stubbsk

Hello Stubbsk, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) --JWSchmidt 13:08, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Stubbsk


text: File:Blueygh2 tensionresolve.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 tensionresolve.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 cemetery.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 cemetery.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 happyrun.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 happyrun.ogg


text:
Category:Introduction to Art History-- M. Davis

Here you will see listed the subpages for Introduction to Art History-- M. Davis.


text: File:Blueygh2 mystery.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 mystery.ogg


text: File:Blueygh2 happy mood.ogg

title: File:Blueygh2 happy mood.ogg


text:
Russian/Introduction/Old

Welcome to the Introduction to Russian course.

Syllabus
This course will discuss the basics of the Russian language. It will begin with the alphabet and basic pronunciation and continue through simple noun declension and verb conjugation, with exercises along the way. It will focus on a concurrent devlopment of vocabulary and grammatical understanding. Eventually, this course will be followed by an Intermediate Russian course.

Basics

 * 1) Russian Alphabet
 * 2) Accents (Ударе'ние)
 * 3) Greetings
 * 4) Numbers
 * 5) Essential phrases
 * 6) Cursive writing

title: Russian/Introduction/Old


text:
Talk:Web Design/What is HTML

merger
Please merge as soon as possible. Smokizzy (talk) 14:54, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

It would be pretty silly to leave such a short page which can easily be merged with another page as it is. Jekrox 09:47, 22 April 2008 (UTC)

There is no consensus to merge, per Requests_for_Deletion. --mikeu talk 19:37, 30 November 2008 (UTC)

I'd like to keep this unmerged; I use it as the initial activity in the web design course I teach. Xhva 10:17, 10 February 2010 (UTC)
 * The discussion staled two years ago; a merger seems unlikely. Pmlineditor   ∞  10:35, 10 February 2010 (UTC)

Didn't Work
When I tried to do this my web browser showed the spaces i made in the text editor and didn't do anything with the html it just left it there. I'm was using Text Edit and Firefox on a mac. Does anyone know why it didn't work?

I have the same problem as was mentioned. Also using Text Edit and Firefox. Just shows up as written in text; no bold, titles, ect. Any help would be appreciated. Balognaw

Solved the problem, just needed to change the format in TextEdit to plain text in the format. Balognaw

title: Talk:Web Design/What is HTML


text:
Category:Northern Arizona University/Environmental Ethics

Here are the pages from Northern Arizona University/Environmental Ethics listed.


text:
User talk:Hschmidt~enwikiversity

Hello Hschmidt, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) --JWSchmidt 15:53, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Hschmidt. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Hschmidt~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 23:38, 17 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:11, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Hschmidt~enwikiversity


text:
Journals

Journals can be used to disseminate and share knowledge. 🇨🇴

On Wikiversity

 * Journal of Sport and Exercise Studies
 * WikiJournal of Business and Economics
 * WikiJournal of Humanities
 * WikiJournal of Medicine
 * WikiJournal of Science
 * Wikiversity Law Review

About journals

 * Ledger (journal) - Peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on all aspects of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology, including mathematics, computer science, engineering, law, economics and philosophy.

By field

 * Northern Arizona University/Environmental Ethics/Journals
 * Psychology/Journals
 * Computational Linguistics/Journals

title: Journals


text:
Talk:Northern Arizona University/Environmental Ethics/Discussion of Texts/Mary Austin/A Land of Little Rain

more info (while checking for copyright restrictions)
Mary Hunter Austin (1868-1934) wrote this book in 1903. Book also available at: Project Gutenberg.

regarding Wikipedia's Copyright article (Copyright. (2007, September 7). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 17:14, September 7, 2007, from http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Copyright&oldid=156254978):

"In most of the world the default length of copyright for many works is generally the life of the author plus either 50 or 70 years. Copyright in general always expires at the end of the year concerned, rather than on the exact date of the death of the author. .. In the United States, all books and other works published before 1923 have expired copyrights and are in the public domain. ... But if the intended exploitation of the work includes publication (or distribution of derivative work, such as a film based on a book protected by copyright) outside the U.S., the terms of copyright around the world must be considered. If the author has been dead more than 70 years, the work is in the public domain in most, but not all, countries. In Italy and France, there are wartime extensions that could increase the term by approximately 6 years in Italy and up to about 14 in France. Some works are covered by copyright in Spain for 80 years after the author's death."

One could come to the conclusion then, that since: this does/could/would not harm copyright ?
 * the book is from 1903 <1923
 * author died in 1934 => 1934+70=2004 <2007

But: the text is copied from another webpage, not Project Gutenberg, so this could make some probs perhaps ? Perhaps it could be taken the text from Gutenberg. Just to be sure I will also ask at Wikipedia:Copyright problems and tell the course teacher in Wikiversity. Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 17:18, 7 September 2007 (UTC)


text:
User talk:HBKurtzwilde

Welcome
Hello HBKurtzwilde, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 17:43, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

 * Here you are: it is done. If I can help you further please tell. Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!,  discussion ) 19:07, 7 September 2007 (UTC)
 * you must have done something good :-) here is another ping. Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 19:35, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

How is it going ?
Hello H. Bunny Kurtzwilde, it has been a while since you made the last edit. I just wanted to ask, how it is going and if we can help you somehow. See you soon, Erkan Yilmaz ( my talk page, wiki blog ) 10:40, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:HBKurtzwilde


text:
User talk:Vaidehipatil

Namasté Vaidehipatil, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 18:08, 7 September 2007 (UTC)

French Mentoring
Salut, Vaidehipatil. You are listed at the French stream as being a beginning student of French who is interested in learning French. The French Mentoring project has recently been launched, and if you add your name to that list, I will do my best to put you in contact with an appropriate Mentor who would be glad to help you. The Jade Knight (d'viser) 09:56, 22 November 2008 (UTC)

title: User talk:Vaidehipatil


text:
Writing systems and scripts

Classification
Writing systems and scripts are basically classified into three types:

Alphabetic scripts Logographic scripts Syllabic scripts

Alphabetic Scripts
An alphabetic system uses characters known as letters to signify spoken sounds. These letters can be placed in different orders to create words. The first alphabets are believed to have originated from Egypt and Mesopotamia. The Phoenician alphabet is the ultimate ancestor of many modern scripts including Hebrew, Arabic, Latin and Greek, but is not considered a 'true alphabet' because it lacked separate letters to represent vowels. The Greek alphabet is widely considered the first 'true alphabet', as it adapted the Phoenician alphabet to represent vowels. A well known example of an alphabetic script is that of the Latin or Roman alphabet. It was developed in Europe, influenced by the Greek alphabet but its use has spread throughout the world.

quiz
{An alphabetic system uses characters known as ________ to signify spoken sounds. + letters - symbols - numbers - signs
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! An alphabetic system uses letters to signify sounds.
 * Incorrect. While letters can be considered symbols, the passage specifically mentions "letters".
 * Incorrect. Numbers are not used to signify spoken sounds in an alphabetic system.
 * Incorrect. The passage specifically mentions "letters".

{The first alphabets are believed to have originated from ________ and Mesopotamia. + Egypt - Greece - Rome - India
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! The first alphabets are believed to have originated from Egypt and Mesopotamia.
 * Incorrect. The Greek alphabet came later and was influenced by the Phoenician alphabet.
 * Incorrect. The Roman alphabet was influenced by the Greek alphabet.
 * Incorrect. The passage does not mention India in this context.

{The Phoenician alphabet is the ancestor of many modern scripts but is not considered a 'true alphabet' because it lacked separate letters to represent ________. + vowels - consonants - numbers - symbols
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! The Phoenician alphabet lacked separate letters for vowels.
 * Incorrect. The Phoenician alphabet did represent consonants.
 * Incorrect. The passage is discussing letters, not numbers.
 * Incorrect. The focus is on vowels, not symbols.

{The Greek alphabet is widely considered the first 'true alphabet', as it adapted the Phoenician alphabet to represent ________. + vowels - consonants - numbers - symbols
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! The Greek alphabet adapted the Phoenician system to represent vowels.
 * Incorrect. Both alphabets represented consonants.
 * Incorrect. The passage is discussing letters, not numbers.
 * Incorrect. The focus is on vowels, not symbols.

{A well known example of an alphabetic script is that of the ________ or Roman alphabet. + Latin - Greek - Phoenician - Arabic
 * type="[]"}
 * Correct! The Latin or Roman alphabet is a well-known alphabetic script.
 * Incorrect. While the Greek alphabet is mentioned, the passage specifies the Latin or Roman alphabet in this context.
 * Incorrect. The passage mentions the Latin or Roman alphabet as the well-known example.
 * Incorrect. The passage specifies the Latin or Roman alphabet in this context.

title: Writing systems and scripts


text:
User:Mickyfitz13/Properties of insulators

Basic Concept
Insulators can simply stop the flow of current, this can be achieved by the lattice ions within the insultar reducing the drift velocity of the electron. This theory mainly applies to partial insulators, with insulators that stop the flow of current completly the lattice ions do not move entirly but the flow of electrons cease to flow through it. Insulators do not allow charge to transfer. This concept is the same with keeping an object warm or cool in which they cannot transfer energy through the material.

Types of Partial Insulators

 * Plastic
 * Fibre Glass
 * Wood

Note; If any object is givin a high enough electrical charge and high enough current it will always conduct, that is why these are called partial insulators since not all object are complete insulators.


text:
User:HBKurtzwilde

H. Byron Kurtzwilde is an American author of science fiction and fantasy.

title: User:HBKurtzwilde


text:
Introduction to physics/lecture/Current and resistance

The Relationship between Current and Resistance
Current and resistance are both related with the equation;

 * $$V = {I \cdot R} \,$$

(Where V is voltage, I is current and R is resistance.) Current is measured in Amps which is the amount of electric charge (in Coulombs) per second, and Resistance is measured in Ohms. Resistive loss can also be measured from using Current and Resistance, the equation looks like;

 * $$P = {I^{2} \cdot R} \,$$

Where P is power measured in watts.


text:
File:Moraistelmo Seduced to the dark side.pdf

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to format a movie script


text:
File:Moraistelmo thumbnails sample.png

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do thumbnail storyboarding

title: File:Moraistelmo thumbnails sample.png


text:
File:Moraistelmo thumbnail Storyboards.png

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do thumbnail storyboarding


text:
User:Flo.

...

title: User:Flo.


text: User:Zachary

title: User:Zachary


text:
User talk:Flo.

Hello Flo., and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 07:17, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Flo.


text:
User:SGCharest

My name is Stephen Charest. I currently live in Lincoln, Nebraska, USA. I am a retired USAF officer and a former attorney.

I am fluent in German and Polish, and at an intermediate level in Spanish. I also speak a little of several other languages.

My interests run the gamut from avatars to zoology. Currently I am studying Jewish Kabbalah as well as trying to improve my Spanish.

I may be contacted at sgcharest@neb.rr.com.

title: User:SGCharest


text:
User talk:SGCharest

Hello SGCharest, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 08:00, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:SGCharest


text:
BCP/Corydalis ochroleuca/Logs

2007 Logs

 * SB_Johnny-LM May 13 2007 (from photographs)
 * SB Johnny-LM 09:37, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
 * SB Johnny-LM 11:35, 7 July 2007 (UTC)
 * SB Johnny-LM 10:33, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
 * SB Johnny-LM 09:14, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 12:23, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 13:03, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 10:14, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 14:28, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

2008 Logs

 * (no archived logs yet)

Recent Logs

 * SB Johnny-LM 16:23, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 12:18, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 10:09, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 09:32, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 08:45, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
 * SB Johnny-LM 09:57, 20 July 2008 (UTC)

title: BCP/Corydalis ochroleuca/Logs


text:
User talk:Eog1916

Hello Eog1916, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 09:23, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Eog1916


text:
BCP/Pilea pumila

Pilea pumila

title: BCP/Pilea pumila


text:
BCP/Pilea pumila/Logs

2008 Logs

 * (no archived logs yet)

Recent Logs

 * SB Johnny-LM 10:16, 14 August 2007 (UTC) (not blooming in same location Aug 6)
 * SB Johnny-LM 09:38, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
 * SB Johnny-LM 09:09, 16 August 2008 (UTC)

title: BCP/Pilea pumila/Logs


text:
Wikiversity talk:School and university projects/Boilerplate

Boilerplate
Hi, there is from the German Wikiversity this skeletton available: de:Kurs:Musterkurs (OER).

an analogy:

I think in US you can buy houses and people deliver them by trucks (so this house would be the skeletton) and then people make the interior of the house themselves (here new Wikiversity members would go and adapt the interior, e.g. filling the box on the right side with their course description, changing the pictue on the left, making new links also with subpages, changing the category)

result would be: people easily could see how fast they have a pretty looking course. And this all can be shown then with a video (e.g. video shows: how you view the sourcecode and paste it into a new page and change the different interior then to your need).

This should be seen as a service which WV offers to its members. Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 14:38, 8 September 2007 (UTC)


text: File:GarageBand volume adjust 2.png

title: File:GarageBand volume adjust 2.png


text:
BCP/Hamamelis x intermedia/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Hamamelis x intermedia (Hybrid Witch Hazel).

Recent Logs

 * SB Johnny-LM 20:48, 18 February 2008 (UTC) ('Jelena, 'Diane', 'Arnold Promise', and 'Sunburst')
 * SB Johnny-LM 20:48, 11 March 2008 (UTC) ('Jelena, 'Diane', 'Arnold Promise', and 'Sunburst')
 * --Luai lashire 17:22, 12 April 2008 (UTC)

=====Archived Logs===== (If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 00:54, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * --SB_Johnny | talk 19:35, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * SB Johnny-LM 13:22, 31 March 2007 (UTC)
 * SB Johnny-LM 09:55, 8 January 2008 (UTC) (cv. 'Jelena', some flowers open)
 * SB Johnny-LM 10:38, 11 February 2008 (UTC) ('Jelena', 'Diane', and 'Arnold Promise')

title: BCP/Hamamelis x intermedia/Logs


text: Category:BCP/Family/Hamamelidaceae

title: Category:BCP/Family/Hamamelidaceae


text:
User:Jeremyb

Here's my enwiki account.

title: User:Jeremyb


text:
Film scoring/Quiz - George Lucas In Love

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 45%; background-color: #fee; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="1"|

The short movie called George Lucas In Love

 * This is a fun movie. You will really enjoy watching this movie. (If not, you are in the wrong class!)

 * A satire on both Star Wars and Shakespeare in Love.

Watch a movie with a narrative music

 * George Lucas In Love
 * Watch this wonderful movie. The movie uses music to narrate the story.

 * Click HERE to download this short movie from Google and take a look.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBxGX4IcZxY

Music narrates the story

 * As you can see, it is the music which tells the story. All of the mood for this movie comes from the music.  Amazing.

Read about this famous movie at Wikipedia.

 * style="width: 55%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 1px solid #777777; vertical-align: top; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" rowspan="2" |

The music of George Lucas In Love

 * Watch the movie and listen to the music. Almost all of the music narrates the story therefore, this music is narrative music.

 * Typing music (Traveling music) [[Image:Crystal Clear app knotify.png|30px]]

 * This music introduces the movie, not just the fact that George Lucas is busy typing but the fact that this movie will be entertaining. This is like the opening paragraph of a book.  It grabs the imagination of the audience and draws them into the story.

 * Arron's Introduction (Darth Vader) [[Image:Crystal Clear app knotify.png|30px]]

 * In just five seconds, everyone knows clearly who Arron is and what the audience should feel about Arron. This music gives Arron the audience's full attention.

 * Arron's Script [[Image:Crystal Clear app knotify.png|30px]]

 * In three seconds, we learn that Arron's script is powerful, almost magical.

 * Background music for Chibaka and Hal. [[Image:Crystal Clear app knotify.png|30px]]

 * The music for the night club and the Dark Side

 * No Music - Professor

 * There is no music for the professor.

 * Notice how awkward the silence is after all that great music. That is the mood that is needed.  Silence created it.

 * Mariam's Love Theme [[Image:Crystal Clear app knotify.png|30px]]

 * The love theme starts when Miriam says, "Your George Lucas, right?". The music tells us all about Miriam in just a few short seconds.

 * Good Advise Music - "Write what you know." [[Image:Crystal Clear app knotify.png|30px]]

 * Note that this music is turned down when Miriam says, "Just like bulls-eyeing Warmrats". Narrative music and dialog do not mix.

 * "You are my inspiration." [[Image:Crystal Clear app knotify.png|30px]]

 * This is background music since it plays whey they are talking and the music does not interfere with the dialog.

 * Credits [[Image:Crystal Clear app knotify.png|30px]]

 * This music says that the movie had a message and that you have just learned that message.

 * Note how the credit music is turned down for the dialog about Howard the Duck.

 * }

{| cellpadding="20" cellspacing="5" style="width: 100%; background-color: inherit; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
 * style="width: 45%; background-color: #eef; border: 3px solid Blue; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="1" |

Your assignment

 * 1. Download the movie.
 * Download HERE George Lucas In Love

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iBxGX4IcZxY HERE

 * 2. Listen to the music
 * Look at the list of music cues. Follow along as you listen to them.

 * 3. Answer these questions.
 * Yes, this is another pop quiz!

 * Please answer the questions to the right.

 * style="width: 55%; background-color: #ffffe0; border: 3px solid Blue; -moz-border-radius-topleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomleft: 8px; -moz-border-radius-topright: 8px; -moz-border-radius-bottomright: 8px;" colspan="1" |

Questions #1

 * Continuity example?
 * Select the best example of continuity. (What melody is played in different ways to create different moods while tying the two actions together?)

 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|48px]] (1 point)

Questions #2

 * The Instructor's music?
 * When you listen to the Instructor (who sounds like Yoda), what music do you hear. (This is a trick question and the answer is totally obvious but I assume everyone will miss this.)

 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|48px]] (1 point)

Questions #3

 * The Star Wars theme?
 * Is this the real Star Wars theme or only music which sounds like the Star Wars theme?

 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|48px]] (1 point)

Questions #4

 * Who is in control?
 * Listen to the opening music. How does it end?  Does it have a nice ending as the composer intended or did some idiot (the sound mixer guy) just turn the volume down?
 * @undefined. [[Image:Crystal Clear app xfmail.png|48px]] (1 point)

 * }

{| cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="margin:0em 0em 1em 0em; width:100%" To an exercises in film scoring using real scenes
 * colspan="2" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; border:1px solid Sienna; background-color:Cornsilk;" |

The next page

 * Next, you will begin creating scores for a real scene.  Write me for the loan of the disks.

 * }


text:
User talk:Travelermay

Hello Travelermay, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 12:26, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: User talk:Travelermay


text:
Talk:Aircrafts and aerodynamics

as long as i know main parts of every aircraft are: airframe, engine(s) and avionics... 83.14.25.2, 20:05, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

title: Talk:Aircrafts and aerodynamics


text:
User talk:Torlach~enwikiversity

Hello,

about the pdf which you just uploaded: could you please explain the purpose ? It is not quite clear for me. Thank you.

Hello Torlach, and welcome to Wikiversity! If you need help, feel free to visit my talk page, or contact us and ask questions. When leaving comments for others to read, remember to sign and date; it helps everyone keep track of who is writing messages. The signature icon in the edit window makes it simple. To help you get started:
 * Take a guided tour and learn how to edit;
 * Explore our learning projects;
 * Browse our portals, schools, and research pages; and
 * Read and help develop our community policies.

If you're already excited about editing, our sandbox is the perfect place for all test edits. Also, don't forget to experiment with the links to your left. Be bold, and see you around Wikiversity!

P.S. Do you want live feedback ? You can find us in #wikiversity-en (see Chat) Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!, discussion ) 20:38, 8 September 2007 (UTC)

Image copyright problems

 * This is the image in question; please provide a license template and source for it. Thanks. – Mike.lifeguard | @en.wb 22:32, 13 February 2008 (UTC)

Your account will be renamed
Hello,

The developer team at Wikimedia is making some changes to how accounts work, as part of our on-going efforts to provide new and better tools for our users like cross-wiki notifications. These changes will mean you have the same account name everywhere. This will let us give you new features that will help you edit and discuss better, and allow more flexible user permissions for tools. One of the side-effects of this is that user accounts will now have to be unique across all 900 Wikimedia wikis. See the announcement for more information.

Unfortunately, your account clashes with another account also called Torlach. To make sure that both of you can use all Wikimedia projects in future, we have reserved the name Torlach~enwikiversity that only you will have. If you like it, you don't have to do anything. If you do not like it, you can pick out a different name.

Your account will still work as before, and you will be credited for all your edits made so far, but you will have to use the new account name when you log in.

Sorry for the inconvenience.

Yours, Keegan Peterzell Community Liaison, Wikimedia Foundation 00:08, 18 March 2015 (UTC)

Renamed
 This account has been renamed as part of single-user login finalisation. If you own this account you can |log in using your previous username and password for more information. If you do not like this account's new name, you can choose your own using this form after logging in: . -- Keegan (WMF) (talk) 06:24, 19 April 2015 (UTC)

title: User talk:Torlach~enwikiversity


title: File:Fractiondivision2.png


text:
File:Thorlach Seduced by the Dark Side.pdf

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to format a movie script


text:
File:Thorlach Title Page - Seduced by the Dark Side.pdf

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to format a movie script


text:
File:Moraistelmo 1 a great movie.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.

title: File:Moraistelmo 1 a great movie.ogg


text:
File:Moraistelmo 2 i dont understand.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.


text:
File:Moraistelmo 3 whats that.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.

title: File:Moraistelmo 3 whats that.ogg


text:
File:Moraistelmo 4 how can.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.

title: File:Moraistelmo 4 how can.ogg


text:
File:Moraistelmo 5 oldhumm.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.

title: File:Moraistelmo 5 oldhumm.ogg


text:
File:Moraistelmo 6 whatcomputer.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.

title: File:Moraistelmo 6 whatcomputer.ogg


text:
File:Moraistelmo 7 amachintosh.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.

title: File:Moraistelmo 7 amachintosh.ogg


text:
File:Moraistelmo 8 computerfatheratwork.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.


text:
File:Moraistelmo 9 younghumm.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.

title: File:Moraistelmo 9 younghumm.ogg


text:
File:Moraistelmo 10 seduced by.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.

title: File:Moraistelmo 10 seduced by.ogg


text:
File:Moraistelmo 11 ahh.ogg

Used with the WikiU Film School Lesson on how to do Animatic Dialog Recording.

title: File:Moraistelmo 11 ahh.ogg


text:
Nonlinear finite elements/Deviatoric and volumetric stress

Deviatoric and volumetric stress
Often it is convenient to decompose the stress tensor into volumetric and deviatoric (distortional) parts. Applications of such decompositions can be found in metal plasticity, soil mechanics, and biomechanics.

Decomposition of the Cauchy stress
The Cauchy stress can be additively decomposed as

\boldsymbol{\sigma} = \mathbf{s} - p~\boldsymbol{\mathit{1}} $$ where $$\mathbf{s}$$ is the deviatoric stress and $$p$$ is the pressure and

\begin{align} p & = - \frac{1}{3}~\text{tr}(\boldsymbol{\sigma}) = -\frac{1}{3}~\boldsymbol{\sigma}:\boldsymbol{\mathit{1}} \\ \mathbf{s} & = \boldsymbol{\sigma} + p~\boldsymbol{\mathit{1}} ~; \mathbf{s}:\boldsymbol{\mathit{1}} = \text{tr}(\mathbf{s}) = 0 \end{align} $$ In index notation,

\begin{align} p & = -\frac{1}{3}~\sigma_{ii} \\ s_{ij} & = \sigma_{ij} - \frac{1}{3}~\sigma_{kk}~\delta_{ij} \end{align} $$

Decomposition of the 2nd P-K stress
The second Piola-Kirchhoff stress can be decomposed into volumetric and distortional parts as

\boldsymbol{S} = \boldsymbol{S}' - p~J~\boldsymbol{C}^{-1} $$ where

\begin{align} p & = -\frac{1}{3}~J^{-1}~\boldsymbol{S}:\boldsymbol{C} \\ \boldsymbol{S}' & = J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\mathbf{s}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} ~; \boldsymbol{S}':\boldsymbol{C} & = 0 \end{align} $$


text:
Nonlinear finite elements/Objective stress rates

Objective stress rates
Many constitutive equations are given in rate form as the relation between a stress rate and a strain rate (or the rate of deformation). We would like our constitutive equations to be frame indifferent (objective). If the stress and strain measures are material quantities then objectivity is automatically satisfied. However, if the quantities are spatial, then the objectivity of the stress rate is not guaranteed even if the strain rate is objective.

Under rigid body rotations, the Cauchy stress tensor $$\boldsymbol{\sigma}$$ transforms as

\boldsymbol{\sigma}_r = \boldsymbol{Q}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{Q}^T ~; \boldsymbol{Q}\cdot\boldsymbol{Q}^T = \boldsymbol{\mathit{1}} $$ Since $$\boldsymbol{\sigma}$$ is a spatial quantity and the transformation follows the rules of tensor transformations, $$\boldsymbol{\sigma}$$ is objective.

However,

\cfrac{d}{dt}(\boldsymbol{\sigma}_r) = \dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}_r = \dot{\boldsymbol{Q}}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{Q}^T + \boldsymbol{Q}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\cdot\boldsymbol{Q}^T + \boldsymbol{Q}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{Q}}^T $$ or,

\dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}_r \ne \boldsymbol{Q}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\cdot\boldsymbol{Q}^T $$ Therefore the stress rate is  not objective unless the rate of rotation is zero, i.e. $$\boldsymbol{Q}$$ is constant.

There are numerous objective stress rates in the literature on continuum mechanics - all of which can be shown to be special forms of Lie derivatives. However, we will focus on three which are widely used.

 * 1) The  Truesdell rate
 * 2) The  Green-Naghdi rate
 * 3) The  Jaumann rate

Truesdell stress rate of the Cauchy stress
The relation between the Cauchy stress and the 2nd P-K stress is called the  Piola transformation. Recall that this transformation can be written in terms of the pull-back of $$\boldsymbol{\sigma}$$ or the push-forward of $$\boldsymbol{S}$$ as

\boldsymbol{S} = J~\phi^{*}[\boldsymbol{\sigma}] ~; \boldsymbol{\sigma} = J^{-1}~\phi_{*}[\boldsymbol{S}] $$

The  Truesdell rate of the Cauchy stress is the Piola transformation of the material time derivative of the 2nd P-K stress. We thus define

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = J^{-1}~\phi_{*}[\dot{\boldsymbol{S}}] $$ Expanded out, this means that

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = J^{-1}~\boldsymbol{F}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{S}}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T = J^{-1}~\boldsymbol{F}\cdot \left[\cfrac{d}{dt}\left(J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}\right)\right] \cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T = J^{-1}~\mathcal{L}_\varphi[\boldsymbol{\tau}] $$ where the Kirchhoff stress $$\boldsymbol{\tau} = J~\boldsymbol{\sigma}$$ and the  Lie derivative of the Kirchhoff stress is

\mathcal{L}_\varphi[\boldsymbol{\tau}] = \boldsymbol{F}\cdot \left[\cfrac{d}{dt}\left(\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\tau}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}\right)\right] \cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T ~. $$ This expression can be simplified to the well known expression for the Truesdell rate of the Cauchy stress

 Proof:

We start with

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = J^{-1}~\boldsymbol{F}\cdot \left[\cfrac{d}{dt}\left(J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}\right)\right] \cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T ~. $$ Expanding the derivative inside the square brackets, we get

\begin{align} \overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} & = J^{-1}~\boldsymbol{F}\cdot(\dot{J}~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T})\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T + J^{-1}~\boldsymbol{F}\cdot(J~\dot{\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T})\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T \\ & +    J^{-1}~\boldsymbol{F}\cdot(J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T})\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T + J^{-1}~\boldsymbol{F}\cdot(J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}})\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T \end{align} $$ or,

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = J^{-1}~\dot{J}~\boldsymbol{\sigma} + \boldsymbol{F}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} + \dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} + \boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T $$ Now,

\boldsymbol{F}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-1} = \boldsymbol{\mathit{1}} $$ Therefore,

\cfrac{d}{dt}\left(\boldsymbol{F}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\right) = 0 \quad \implies \quad \dot{\boldsymbol{F}}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-1} + \boldsymbol{F}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}} = 0 $$ or,

\dot{\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}} = - \boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{l} \quad \implies \quad \dot{\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}} = - \boldsymbol{l}^T\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T} $$ where the velocity gradient $$\boldsymbol{l} = \dot{\boldsymbol{F}}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}$$.

Also, the rate of change of volume is given by

\dot{J} = J~\text{tr}(\boldsymbol{d}) = J~\text{tr}(\boldsymbol{l}) $$ where $$\boldsymbol{d}$$ is the rate of deformation tensor.

Therefore,

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = J^{-1}~J~\text{tr}(\boldsymbol{l})~\boldsymbol{\sigma} - \boldsymbol{F}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{l}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} + \dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} - \boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{l}^T\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T $$ or,

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} - \boldsymbol{l}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} - \boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{l}^T + \text{tr}(\boldsymbol{l})~\boldsymbol{\sigma} $$

You can easily show that the Truesdell rate is objective.

Truesdell rate of the Kirchhoff stress
The Truesdell rate of the Kirchhoff stress can be obtained by noting that

\boldsymbol{S} = \phi^{*}[\boldsymbol{\tau}] ~; \boldsymbol{\tau} = \phi_{*}[\boldsymbol{S}] $$ and defining

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\tau}} = \phi_{*}[\dot{\boldsymbol{S}}] $$ Expanded out, this means that

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\tau}} = \boldsymbol{F}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{S}}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T = \boldsymbol{F}\cdot \left[\cfrac{d}{dt}\left(\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\tau}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}\right)\right] \cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T = \mathcal{L}_\varphi[\boldsymbol{\tau}] $$ Therefore,  the Lie derivative of $$\boldsymbol{\tau}$$ is the same as the Truesdell rate of the Kirchhoff stress.

FFollowing the same process as for the Cauchy stress above, we can show that

Green-Naghdi rate of the Cauchy stress
This is a special form of the Lie derivative (or the Truesdell rate of the Cauchy stress). Recall that the Truesdell rate of the Cauchy stress is given by

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = J^{-1}~\boldsymbol{F}\cdot \left[\cfrac{d}{dt}\left(J~\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}\right)\right] \cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T ~. $$ From the polar decomposition theorem we have

\boldsymbol{F} = \boldsymbol{R}\cdot\boldsymbol{U} $$ where $$\boldsymbol{R}$$ is the orthogonal rotation tensor ($$\boldsymbol{R}^{-1} = \boldsymbol{R}^T$$) and $$\boldsymbol{U}$$ is the symmetric, positive definite, right stretch.

If we assume that $$\boldsymbol{U} = \boldsymbol{\mathit{1}}$$ we get $$\boldsymbol{F} = \boldsymbol{R}$$. Also since there is no stretch $$J = 1$$ and we have $$\boldsymbol{\tau} = \boldsymbol{\sigma}$$. Note that this doesn't mean that there is not stretch in the actual body - this simplification is just for the purposes of defining an objective stress rate. Therefore

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \boldsymbol{R}\cdot \left[\cfrac{d}{dt}\left(\boldsymbol{R}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^{-T}\right)\right] \cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T = \boldsymbol{R}\cdot\left[\cfrac{d}{dt}\left(\boldsymbol{R}^T\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}\right)\right] \cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T $$ We can show that this expression can be simplified to the commonly used form of the  Green-Naghdi rate

The Green-Naghdi rate of the Kirchhoff stress also has the form since the stretch is not taken into consideration, i.e.,

\overset{\square}{\boldsymbol{\tau}} = \dot{\boldsymbol{\tau}} + \boldsymbol{\tau}\cdot\boldsymbol{\Omega} - \boldsymbol{\Omega}\cdot\boldsymbol{\tau} $$

 Proof:

Expanding out the derivative

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \boldsymbol{R}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{R}^T}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T + \boldsymbol{R}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T + \boldsymbol{R}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{R}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T $$ or,

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \boldsymbol{R}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{R}^T}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} + \dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} + \boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{R}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T $$ Now,

\boldsymbol{R}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T = \boldsymbol{\mathit{1}} \quad \implies \quad \dot{\boldsymbol{R}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T = - \boldsymbol{R}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{R}^T} $$ Therefore,

\overset{\circ}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} + \boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{R}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T - \dot{\boldsymbol{R}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} $$ If we define the angular velocity as

\boldsymbol{\Omega} = \dot{\boldsymbol{R}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T $$ we get the commonly used form of the  Green-Naghdi rate

\overset{\square}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} + \boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{\Omega} - \boldsymbol{\Omega}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} $$

Jaumann rate of the Cauchy stress
The Jaumann rate of the Cauchy stress is a further specialization of the Lie derivative (Truesdell rate). This rate has the form

The Jaumann rate is used widely in computations primarily for two reasons

 * 1) it is relatively easy to implement.
 * 2) it leads to symmetric tangent moduli.

Recall that the spin tensor $$\boldsymbol{w}$$ (the skew part of the velocity gradient) can be expressed as

\boldsymbol{w} = \dot{\boldsymbol{R}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T + \frac{1}{2}~\boldsymbol{R}\cdot(\dot{\boldsymbol{U}}\cdot\boldsymbol{U}^{-1} -     \boldsymbol{U}^{-1}\cdot\dot{\boldsymbol{U}})\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T $$ Thus for pure rigid body motion

\boldsymbol{w} = \dot{\boldsymbol{R}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T = \boldsymbol{\Omega} $$ Alternatively, we can consider the case of  proportional loading when the principal directions of strain remain constant. An example of this situation is the axial loading of a cylindrical bar. In that situation, since

\boldsymbol{U} = \left[\begin{array}{ccc} \lambda_{X}\\ & \lambda_{Y}\\ & & \lambda_{Z}\end{array}\right] $$ we have

\dot{\boldsymbol{U}} = \left[\begin{array}{ccc} \dot{\lambda}_{X}\\ & \dot{\lambda}_{Y}\\ & & \dot{\lambda}_{Z}\end{array}\right] $$ Also,

\boldsymbol{U}^{-1} = \left[\begin{array}{ccc} 1/\lambda_{X}\\ & 1/\lambda_{Y}\\ & & 1/\lambda_{Z}\end{array}\right] $$ Therefore,

\dot{\boldsymbol{U}}\cdot\boldsymbol{U}^{-1} = \left[\begin{array}{ccc} \dot{\lambda}_{X}/\lambda_{X}\\ & \dot{\lambda}_{Y}/\lambda_{Y}\\ & & \dot{\lambda}_{Z}/\lambda_{Z}\end{array}\right]=U^{-1}\dot{U} $$ This once again gives

\boldsymbol{w} = \dot{\boldsymbol{R}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T = \boldsymbol{\Omega} $$ In general, if we approximate

\boldsymbol{w} \approx \dot{\boldsymbol{R}}\cdot\boldsymbol{R}^T $$ the Green-Naghdi rate becomes the Jaumann rate of the Cauchy stress

\overset{\triangle}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} + \boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{w} - \boldsymbol{w}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} $$

Other objective stress rates
There can be an infinite variety of objective stress rates. One of these is the  Oldroyd stress rate

\overset{\triangledown}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \mathcal{L}_\varphi[\boldsymbol{\sigma}] = \boldsymbol{F}\cdot\left[\cfrac{d}{dt}\left(\boldsymbol{F}^{-1}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}\right) \right]\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^T $$ In simpler form, the Oldroyd rate is given by

\overset{\triangledown}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} - \boldsymbol{l}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} - \boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{l}^T $$

If the current configuration is assumed to be the reference configuration then the pull back and push forward operations can be conducted using $$\boldsymbol{F}^T$$ and $$\boldsymbol{F}^{-T}$$ respectively. The Lie derivative of the Cauchy stress is then called the  convective stress rate

\overset{\diamond}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \boldsymbol{F}^{-T}\cdot\left[\cfrac{d}{dt}\left(\boldsymbol{F}^T\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{F}\right) \right]\cdot\boldsymbol{F}^{-1} $$ In simpler form, the convective rate is given by

\overset{\diamond}{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} = \dot{\boldsymbol{\sigma}} + \boldsymbol{l}\cdot\boldsymbol{\sigma} + \boldsymbol{\sigma}\cdot\boldsymbol{l}^T $$

Caveat on objective stress rates
The following figure shows the performance of various objective rates in a pure shear test where the material model is a hypoelastic one with constant elastic moduli. The ratio of the shear stress to the displacement is plotted as a function of time. The same moduli are used with the three objective stress rates.

Clearly there are spurious oscillations observed for the Jaumann stress rate. This is not because one rate is better than another but because its is a misuse of material models to use the same constants with different objective rates.

For this reason, a recent trend has been to avoid objective stress rates altogether where possible.


text: File:ObjectiveStressRates.png

title: File:ObjectiveStressRates.png


text: Category:Wikimedians

title: Category:Wikimedians


text:
Wikiversity:Request custodian action/Archive/2

Request for dynamic page list
A very useful feature on Wikinews is the ability to create dynamic page lists. This allows the re-organisation and multiple display of content with out effecting the original pages. This would be very useful in creating a dynamic Colloquium, talk pages, course structures, blogs and other tools where content needs to be displayed in different ways. This extension can be added to any mediawiki please could it be added to Wikiversity. Mystictim 14:27, 6 January 2007 (UTC)

 * I'd support this, but we'd need a semi-formal "local show of support" because this involves making a bugzilla request. --SB_Johnny | talk 15:48, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * I agree with both of you. --Remi0o 21:07, 6 January 2007 (UTC)
 * This feature could be very useful, I'd support it also. Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 01:02, 7 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes. We may use it also as threaded discussion channels in Hillgentleman|Talk 08:30, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Support. I like generating dynamic content with MediaWiki ... How does it work? Help:Dynamic page list tips? tricks? -- CQ 16:44, 7 June 2007 (UTC)

Submitted 10189. AmiDaniel (talk) 15:36, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Request has been reviewed and fulfilled. DPL should now be enabled (the same version Wikibooks has). AmiDaniel (talk) 23:26, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

 * Yup, it seems to be working :) --SB_Johnny | talk 23:41, 25 June 2007 (UTC)

Interwiki?
Why this doesn't work? I want to conect my user page in here with my user page on es. Anyway maybe also other pages in the future.--Juan 15:40, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Maybe m:Help:Interwiki linking will help you. --JWSchmidt 16:06, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Well, I still don't know. Maybe there is a problem with namespace, because if trying to contect these to pages: User:Juan and es:Usuario:Juan it links to the article es:Juan, but not to the User name space, Usuario respectively. I think its kind of technicle bug.--Juan 16:37, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

OK. Now I know why it won't work. Its written in here News. Hopefully it will start to work early.--Juan 18:06, 12 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Writing  on your English user page and   on your Spanish one should work. sebmol ? 18:26, 12 January 2007 (UTC)

Thanks.--Juan 19:12, 15 January 2007 (UTC)

Userpage
My userpage over the last month or so has been the target for heavy abusive Ip vandalism and vandal only accounts, is there any chance it can be semi-protected? Student Galaxy 19:37, 21 January 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ sebmol ? 07:11, 22 January 2007 (UTC)

vandalism
There are a number of pages that have been vanadlised by User:Drini I fixed Main Page but I have a slow wireless connection that is acting up... and there are more.--mikeu 22:18, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for posting the problem here. --JWSchmidt 23:05, 26 January 2007 (UTC)
 * Just a note: Drini is a steward, and this was an impersonator, I informed Drini of this in mid February, and he has reclaimed the account. --Michael Billington (talk • contribs) 08:57, 18 March 2007 (UTC)

More vandalism
User 71.1.72.189 has vandalised PedaGlue I've restored this to the last good edit. Could someone block this IP. Mystictim 12:18, 5 February 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for reverting those three edits. --JWSchmidt 13:31, 5 February 2007 (UTC)

Block
81.105.252.186 has been vandalising Topic:Spanish (diff). Xenon 15:16, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

Also Fashion Design by 218.111.214.14 is a straight lift from Clothing on Wikipedia.

 * Thanks. Each of these IPs has made a single edit. There is not much we can do except revert those edits. --JWSchmidt 16:27, 7 February 2007 (UTC)

*.png visibility
Hi, I have just upload a *.png picture at http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Image:Language_tree.png and I cant see it. Is it visible for you? What is the problem?--Juan 10:03, 15 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I downloaded the file. The file generates an error when applications such as Photoshop try to open it. Try saving the file again and then upload it again. --JWSchmidt 14:32, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks.--Juan 16:49, 15 March 2007 (UTC)

Vandal
Please someone ban the vandal. --Remi 20:21, 27 March 2007 (UTC)

Template bug
Hi, I am having a bug in Template:A-3-3 as you can see it in the third box on the left: Topic:Spanish. I can find it out, could you help?--Juan 16:09, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks. Ive just fix it.--Juan 13:58, 30 March 2007 (UTC)

Nav
Why nav template sometimes works automaticly with a character / and sometimes not? See an example:
 * Nav Template should be used
 * no template needed in this case

--Juan 16:27, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I don't quite understand what you mean. Can you try explaining it again? sebmol ? 19:25, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Well! I mean, that if in the first example I will not add in nav template. I will have no link from this subpage to the last page (a main page). --Juan 20:41, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * I think sub pages have not been enabled for the Topic namespace. Let me check on that. sebmol ? 21:39, 28 March 2007 (UTC)
 * Fixed. sebmol ? 21:43, 28 March 2007 (UTC)

Thanks.--Juan 06:56, 29 March 2007 (UTC)

Widespread vandalism
User:3rd sock of Molag bal is on a spree of vandalism. Request block. Blast 10.04.07 1257 (UTC)
 * It may be usefull to block his IP, if its not public.--Juan 16:55, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

This seems to be the same kid who has been doing this for a week under different names. Check all the roll backs for the last week. They should all be the same IP, etc. Robert Elliott 19:06, 10 April 2007 (UTC)

Is this ok?
Is this ok, what someone placed on top: Spanish: An Introduction? An external link.--Juan 18:47, 19 April 2007 (UTC)
 * I removed it. --JWSchmidt 19:56, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

I wasnt sure, if it is correct or not. Thats why I asked. Its a reallly hard work to make a wikipedia content and people who want learn here something should be pissed off.--Juan 19:58, 19 April 2007 (UTC)

Another vandalism spree
Zzuuzz has been on a string of vandalism, replacing pages with 'I like penis'. Blast 26.04.07 1243 (UTC)

(merging with above section after simultaneous posting of report)

Please see contribs of.

Note that he is the sole contributor to User:Zzuuzz and User:Reawhite; those pages can be safely deleted. TenOfAllTrades 12:44, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Thanks for reverting the vandalism. --JWSchmidt 14:01, 26 April 2007 (UTC)

Requesting deletion
I have two questions: one specific and one general.

The specific question–can someone delete Scarpine? It's just some nonsensical user test.

The general question–is there any way to tag a vandalism/user test page for speedy deletion, or is a request on this page the only (or preferred) method of dealing with these cases?

Cheers, TenOfAllTrades 19:06, 28 April 2007 (UTC)
 * This page Pages_for_deletion now exists. You can list them there. Please note that the Deletion_policy is only proposed...

 * However, if consensus is reached, I don't see why a page nominated for deletion could not be deleted. --Remi 19:52, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Please see Requests for Deletion instead of the above link. Cormaggio talk 20:09, 28 April 2007 (UTC)
 * Thank you. :) --Remi 20:24, 28 April 2007 (UTC)

 * Okay, Delete was what I was looking for—I didn't know if Wikiversity had yet evolved a CAT:CSD and associated template to deal with clearcut nonsense/vandalism/attack pages. TenOfAllTrades 01:58, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

Merge Revision History
15 PM Project Preparation/15 PM - Project Preparation

Or delete one of this pages.

-- MichaelFrey 06:45, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * As a note to the admin handling this, we are required to preserve the histories of pages through performing history merges in order to remain in compliance with the GFDL. We can't simply delete one of the pages, although that is clearly easier to do :). AmiDaniel (talk) 10:42, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Which page is the target?--SB_Johnny | talk 12:44, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
 * 15 PM Project Preparation had no links to it. It now redirects to 15 PM - Project Preparation. --JWSchmidt 13:07, 17 May 2007 (UTC)
 * ✅ Histories merged, now at 15 PM - Project Preparation.--SB_Johnny | talk 10:20, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Similar for Wikiversity in the media/Wikiversity in the media. -- MichaelFrey 17:26, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Again, what is the target?--SB_Johnny | talk 10:20, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure how to merge these pages together...none of the edits look related at all - looks more like 2 independently developed pages. Suggestions? --HappyCamper 17:47, 17 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Okey ....
 * That this community keep all "content" and all pages is interresting.
 * On de.wikibooks and de.wikiversity we use the deletion button in state of categories like Category:Stub pages and Category:Empty pages.
 * But anyway: Other wiki other culture.
 * -- MichaelFrey 09:59, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

 * HappyCamper: you do it by moving the page to be deleted to the target page (selecting "delete then move"), then restore all deleted versions, and finally restore whatever version was on the page before the deletion took place (I usually just open the edit window in another window first, then copy, paste, and save after the restoration). --SB_Johnny | talk 10:24, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
 * OK. But for unrelated pages? Then the page history would be confusing...would it not? --HappyCamper 14:08, 18 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Well, it depends on what you mean by "unrelated". In both of these cases, there were various users working on the same thing on 2 different pages, so it's not a case of working cross purposes, just a case of being unaware of the duplication of efforts. The histories can be a bit confusing if you actually try to go through them, but the point is more to just make sure everyone gets "credit" for their work. Doing this sort of merge has the additional advantage of putting the target page on the watchlists of the contributors of both versions (assuming they were watching in the first place), and hence helps encourage further collaboration. --SB_Johnny | talk 17:43, 18 May 2007 (UTC)

Missing image

 * As McCormack suggested, I tried the upload a second time and received a message saying the upload was successful. However, when I try to view the image, I see a square box with the x in the upper left corner.Calgea 22:28, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

 * How's this? [[Image:PEPnd.png|150px|thumb|Pendulum]] --HappyCamper 22:45, 23 May 2007 (UTC)

Happy Camper
 * I see you found my image file. Do you see an image of a pendulum? All I see is a rectangle with an x in the upper left corner. Is there something wrong with my file? Calgea 00:35, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I can see the image, but I think there is something very peculiar about it. It doesn't want to be resized on Wikiversity. I don't know what the error is...I'll have to ask around. Is it possible that there are some settings in your browser which are preventing you from loading images on Wikiversity? --HappyCamper 02:16, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * I think the file for Image:PEPnd.png was not a standard format PNG file. There is a working copy of the image in Image:PEPnd2.png (image to the left).

Hi Happy Camper

Thanks for your help. Please tell me how to delete my original image. I will refer to the second copy in my article. I will not post .png images in the future. I will use jpeg. Calgea 16:35, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * Actually, JWSchmidt should take the credit for fixing the problem! I'll delete the old one for you right now, so you should be all set. --HappyCamper 01:20, 25 May 2007 (UTC)

MediaWiki:Geshi.css
This is a new stylesheet recently added that hooks before the style sheets loaded by the GeSHI syntax highlighting and should be used to help clean up the angry fruit-salad a bit. If someone would be so kind as to create it on enwikiversity, possibly using the current contents of w:MediaWiki:Geshi.css, it would be much appreciated. Thanks. AmiDaniel (talk) 04:54, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * So in a nutshell, this highlights code snippets on Wikiversity with pretty colours? --HappyCamper 05:06, 24 May 2007 (UTC)

 * No, it makes those highlighted by less atrocious :). See 9951. AmiDaniel (talk) 00:25, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Ah, agreed :) I created the page. Thanks for bringing this up. --HappyCamper 03:10, 28 May 2007 (UTC)
 * Thank you. AmiDaniel (talk) 05:15, 28 May 2007 (UTC)

Learning to learn a wiki way

 * Please Semi-protect; For it is a target of a persistent ip blanker.  Hillgentleman|Talk 23:20, 4 June 2007 (UTC)
 * I put it to expire after a month. HTH. --HappyCamper 23:48, 4 June 2007 (UTC)

Candidate endorsements
Per Board_elections/2007/Endorsements, board election candidate endorsements are no longer being accepted. If the call for endorsements could be removed from MediaWiki:Sitenotice, it would be much appreciated. Thank you. AmiDaniel (talk) 02:20, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
 * Actually, we're not accepting candidates anymore either :). If you could just blank the sitenotice for now, and update it again once voting begins. Thanks! AmiDaniel (talk) 02:27, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
 * JWSchmidt has made some changes: --HappyCamper 03:48, 24 June 2007 (UTC)

vandalism
Please see Special:Contributions/El_Hermanito who has vandalised a number of pages.--mikeu 11:46, 26 June 2007 (UTC)

Unauthorized Redirect
Thought 5501.02 has been Redirected to Cognition. This Redirection was Unilateral and unauthorized by any Consensus. The Page was intended to be a Second Section of Thought 5501. Could the Redirection please be undone. Thank you in advance for your assistance. -- (s) Dionysios (talk), a Participant in the Wikiversity School of Advanced General Studies, Date: 2007-07-23 (July 23, 2007) Time: 1904 UTC

Request Remove One (1) Pernicious Request for Deletion
On August 9, 2007 a Deletion Request was placed against the Page "Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi". The Reason given for the Request was that the Article "may be outside the scope of Wikiversity, being an encyclopedia article and adding nothing of educational value to the equivalent article already on Wikipedia."

The Initiator of the Page indicated his willingness to make the Page a Wikiversity Resource and did so.

Accordingly, the Undersigned asked that the Deletion Request be Removed and those involved with the Page should be accorded the opportunity to develop the the Resource as they are able and that absent some New Objection, the Deletion Request should be Removed.

The Undersigned indicated that he would Remove the Request himself, except that as a General Rule those who place such Requests should be the ones to Remove them; and the Undersigned further indicated that should the Deletion Request not be Removed, "Perhaps Administration should become involved.", the Undersigned slowly but surely becoming convinced that Deletionism can be a problem and The Decoration of Pages with unwarranted Header Templates possibly being an obvious Distraction.

The Undersigned further expressed the view that those who place Deletion Requests should follow the Arguments and be quick to Remove their Requests if the Reasons for the Requests no longer Apply and, again, that absent some New Objection, this particular Deletion Request should be Removed.

That Message was placed on the Deletion Requests Page on August 17, 2007; but the Deletion Request still "Decorates" the "Riaz Ahmed Gohar Shahi" Page.

The Undersigned requests Custodian Action to Remove the Deletion Request. Although it is not possible for Consensus that this Page should be Deleted to be accomplished, the Offensive Request remains in spite of the Request that the Deletion Request be Removed.

(s) Dionysios  (talk), Date: 2007-08-20 (August 20, 2007) Time: 1454 UTC

 * Please see my comments on the colloquium, where you posted similar comments earlier. McCormack 15:08, 20 August 2007 (UTC)

 * As indicated above, there is Progress on this Matter at the Wikiversity Colloquium. Advocates of the Page will need to Engage with the Views of McCormack.  If the Custodians will keep a close watch on this, perhaps an early Removal of the Deletion Request will be accomplished.  --  Dionysios  (talk), Date: 2007-08-20 (August 20, 2007) Time: 1627 UTC

CU, sitenotice, weekend vandal activity
I hope there are no objections, but I've altered the sitenotice to announce the checkuser discussion currently happening on CfC. We're not really used to asking for this kind of input on Wikiversity due to the mentorship system, so I suspect most users don't pay much attention to CfC (which is generally a good thing IMO... RFA on other projects often resembles an ephisode of "Survivor"). In this case we need a minimum of 25 "votes", with at least 80% support for both candidates.

Not sure if it's a case of self-fulfilling prophecy, or just kids having fun upon their return to school, but we had a lot of vandalism over the weekend by someone who used multiple sockpuppets. That particular vandal (probably WoW) tends to use open proxies and then abandon them, so CU wouldn't help much, but it would definitely be a good idea if all custodians would remember to use the autoblock function when blocking serial-type vandals.

Keep in mind also that sockpuppet vandals tend to target sysops in the hopes of forcing us to spend time unproductively. It's entirely possible that we will see a spike in this activity during the discussion process, as well as for a while afterwards (presumably the latter is to test the mettle of the new CUs). On Wikibooks this spike was rather short-lived, once we learned not to discuss then on the administrator's noticeboard there (they really like the attention, it seems). --SB_Johnny | PA! 10:36, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * I agree with all of this. The timing of the activity following my comments about a drop in vandalism levels was conspicuous. As regards autoblock, I thought this was the default setting for blocking anyway? (Please confirm). McCormack 11:10, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * It is, but at least one of those accounts was not autoblocked. AB is only for 24 hours, and if it causes an issue within that time any affected user can use unblock to get any necessary attention. We can be a bit more accurate with CU, but for now we should really make sure to autoblock vandals of that ilk (doesn't always help, but it's better than nothing). --SB_Johnny | PA! 11:22, 27 August 2007 (UTC)

 * OK, if I encounter such a v.nd.l.sm, will use it. BTW: how about substituting the bad V-word with something like: v.nd.l.sm (or any other?) Perhaps v.nd.ls then (in the future) will find less info about what we discuss about it, so they would not adapt about what we discuss. About announcement: German Wikiversity uses this option also very much.  Erkan Yilmaz ( evaluate me!,  discussion ) 16:16, 27 August 2007 (UTC)