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Calabria

Calabria is a region in Southern Italy, it forms the metaphorical toe of the Italian boot. It's considered the Caribbean of Europe thanks to its pristine beaches, stunning landscape, and rustic charms. Hillside towns, ancient Greek temples and Byzantine churches dot the countryside of Italy's best kept secret.

The region's climate is mild in the winter, with hot, dry summers. The region is surrounded on three sides by the Mediterranean Sea: the Ionian Sea is to the east, the Tyhrrenean to the west and the Strait of Messina to the south. As such, the sea is a big part of the region's culture and cuisine.

Provinces
Calabria is divided into five provinces:

Other destinations

 * is a remote village with a population of 200 Calabrian Greek-speaking people. It was founded during the 10th century.

Understand
Calabria has historically been one of the poorest regions in Italy, although it is improving now. The region is quite undeveloped and undervisited by tourists, but is therefore also unspoiled.

Climate
The entire region is known for its balmy Mediterranean climate. It has prolonged hot, dry summers and very short, mild winters. The intermediate seasons are warm and guarantee the possibility to sunbathe for most of the year.

Talk
As one of the more remote regions of Italy, English is not as widely spoken in Calabria as it is in the more urbanized north, though still spoken by many urban youth. Calabresi speak either Italian or the local Calabrese dialect natively though basically all Calabresi speakers also speak Italian.

Get in
Calabria is serviced by airports in Reggio Calabria Airport (Tito Minniti, ), Lamezia Terme Airport (Sant'Eufemia, ) and Crotone Airport (Sant'Anna, ).

The main north-south highway through Calabria is the A3 Autostrada from Salerno to Reggio Calabria.

Get around
For holiday makers, there is a free bus service that runs from Lamezia Terme Airport to Tropea. Other modes of transport include the train which runs along the whole coast of Calabria and stops of at the main towns or alternatively can hire a car from Lamezia Airport.

See
When you visit Calabria, spending a couple of days in Praia a Mare (known as Praja) is a great time. The off coast Dino Island is popular for its Grotta Azzurra (Blue Cave), where you can swim surrounded by fish in crystal blue water.

Eat
Much of the traditional Calabrian food is called cucina povera, or simple peasant food. It is long on comfort and good vegetables, and short on fancy frills. Because of the climate, many foods were preserved by salting or packing in olive oil, and this style continues today.

If there is a fundamental ingredient to Calabrian cooking, it would be the "peperoncino" (pepper). Calabrian cooking tends toward the spicy thanks to the generous use of various varieties of hot peppers in regional cuisine. In fact, so popular is the peperoncino, that the village of Diamante honors the hot pepper with its own festival. In the first week of September the locals celebrate the Festival del Peperoncino, dedicated to the unofficial symbol of Calabria: the cayenne pepper. During the festival, one can taste freshly harvested peppers or try locally produced products that make use of the spicy condiment, anything from pasta to (yes) gelato. Olio Santo, olive oil infused with hot pepper, is sometimes added to a plate of pasta to give it a little extra zip.

Soppressata (Sopresatta) is a popular, peppery dry sausage that is typical of the region. Nduja is a very soft, very spicy sausage that you might not be able to find at home. Look for its dark rust-red color on top of pizzas, or pair it with good bread for a popular sandwich. If you want something less spicy, then Capocollo is the local interpretation of ham.

Alici ripieni, or stuffed anchovies, is a popular seafood dish. Sardella is produced in some of the towns along the Ionian coast in the province of Cosenza. It is a spicy paste made with olive oil, mashed baby sardines and hot pepper. If you get a chance, try the mpigliati con le sarde pie as a spicy, salty appetizer to share with a group.

Some Neapolitan specialties such as Braciole ("Raciol" in the Calabrian dialect) are common in the region.

In summer many dishes are prepared with eggplants. Calabria has its own reddish, rounder eggplant with a mild taste. The favorite onion, the red Tropea, is mild.

If you are looking for something sweet, Calabria offers a delightful variety of baked goods. Around holidays, look in pastry shops for a dish made of little bits of honey-glazed, deep-fried dough called pignolata or struffoli. They also make high-quality licorice, and if you're devoted to this candy that is more usually associated with Nordic regions, then consider a trip to the Giorgio Amarelli Museo della Liquirizia, along the north coast of the Cosenza district.

Drink
Calabria is an up-and-coming producer of wines, with a number of regional wines earning the Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) label from the Italian government. Most of these wines are difficult to purchase outside of the region. Reds tend to be bold and full-bodied.

Stay safe
Though not as poor as it was in the early part of the last century, Calabria is still one of the least developed regions in Western Europe, and so there is crime in the region. The high-profile crime in Calabria that receives the most media attention, at least in Italy, concerns the Mafia, called in Calabria the 'Ndrangheta, but it almost never targets tourists.

Road safety is a much greater concern than the Mafia for tourists visiting the region. The SS 106, which runs along the Ionian coast from Reggio Calabria to Taranto, is considered one of the deadliest roads in all of Europe.

Go next

 * Apulia – visit the neighboring region
 * Sicily – Sicily is only a few kilometres away. Take a ferry from Reggio di Calabria to Messina.

title: Calabria


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Calafat

Calafat is a city in Dolj County, Oltenia, southwestern Romania.

Understand
Calafat is a major crossing point between Romania and Bulgaria. The New Europe Bridge opened in 2013 between Calafat and Vidin (in Bulgaria) across the Danube River.

By train
There are four slow (the 107 km trip takes three - three and half hours) Personal type trains daily from Craiova.

By bus
There are frequent buses from Craiova; travel time is around two hours. There is a bus that goes to Calafat from Vidin and Craiova.

By ferry
The ferry to/from Vidin used to run several times per day.

By car
Via E85, from Bucharest, Pitești, Craiova.

Via DN55A, from Bucharest, Alexandria, Turnu Măgurele, Corabia.

Get around
The city is walkable. Taxi service is present in Calafat.

Do
Take a walk towards the Calafat Beach, a small strip of pebbles and mud at the end of the Municipal Park:
 * See the statue of Marița
 * See the Monument of Independence, and the Monument of the Soviet Soldier
 * See the modern wood sculptures scattered around the parkCandles sculpture.jpg

Celebrate the Days of Calafat, which take place yearly between 3/4-May and 6/7-May.

Buy
In the Civic Center of the city, there is a flea market that sells, among others, handcrafted silver jewelry of the best quality.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Calafat


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Cala Gonone

Cala Gonone is a town in Sardinia, Italy. It lies on the border of the National Park of the Bay of Orosei and Gennargentu.

Get in
The nearest airport and port is Olbia, about 1½ hours from Cala Gonone by car.

Alghero Airport and Porto Torres port about 2 hours, Cagliari Airport and port 2½ hours.

See

 * Cala Luna
 * Grotta del Bue Marino
 * Cala Mariolu
 * Cala Goloritzè
 * Cala Cartoe
 * Cala Osalla
 * Palmasera
 * Sos D'Orroles
 * S'Abba Meica
 * Spiaggia Centrale
 * Ziu Martine
 * Spiaggia Centrale
 * Ziu Martine

Do
Take a boat tour to Cala Luna, Grotta del Bue Marino, Cala Mariolu, Cala Goloritzè. You can choose from the variety of tours offered at the local harbour.

Rent a boat to explore the Bay of Orosei on your own. A boat hire is available for about €80 for a day plus gas.

Visit Gennargentu National Park.

Rock climbing — Cala Luna.

Trekking tours on Supramonte mountain range.

Buy
Handicraft in Dorgali and Cala Gonone has been able to preserve its originality. Artisan in Dorgali and Cala Gonone preserve the ancient traditions of filigree, pottery, textile, leather and wood manufacturing. Jewels in gold filigree, carpets, pottery and knives made in Dorgali are the best for collectors and amateurs

Eat
All the variety of seafood is available at local restaurants. It was a small fishing village prior to becoming a famous tourist destination because of its beautiful beaches.

Drink
Buy Cannoanu Wine

title: Cala Gonone


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Calaguas Islands

Calaguas is a common reference to a group of islands, northeast of Vinzons, Camarines Norte, Paracale and Daet towns in Camarines Norte in the Philippines. It is composed of three major islands; Tinaga Island, Guintinua Island and Maculabo Island and other small islets. Tinaga Island is the most popular to backpackers from Manila and elsewhere due to its famous white sand beach called Mahabang Buhangin, which literally means 'long beach'. Mahabang Buhangin rivals the fine sands of Boracay, a popular tourist destination in the Philippines.

Get in
Calaguas is accessible from Manila by boat transfer thru Paracale, Vinzons or Daet in Camarines Norte.

title: Calaguas Islands


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Calais

Calais (Dutch: Kales) is a city of 73,000 people (2019) in the Hauts-de-France region of France. It is the closest point on the European mainland to England; Dover lies across the English Channel (La Manche) just 32 km (20 miles) away. The town has a major cross-Channel ferry port, and the French entrance to the Channel Tunnel is nearby. Calais is popular with British day-trippers arriving by ferry or on Channel Tunnel shuttle trains one reason being because France has lower taxes on alcohol and tobacco. While most tourists view the town as simply a port, there is much more to Calais.

Understand
Large warehouse supermarkets have sprung up on the outskirts of Calais just to serve the British "booze cruisers" who return to the UK with their car suspensions groaning under the weight of cheap alcohol and cigarettes.

By ferry (car and foot)
Calais is connected to Dover in England by ferry services operated by P&O Ferries and DFDS Seaways. Ferry crossings between Calais and Dover take typically around 1 hr 30 min and there are up to 46 sailings daily. However, as of March, 2024, only P&O allows foot passengers, and that only twice a day. The check-in time is 30 minutes before departure for vehicles and 90 minutes before departure for foot passengers. The strait of Dover is one of the most frequented shipping lanes in the world. Calais ferry port allows easy access to the town and to shops outside the town, many of which are designed to sell alcohol to visitors from the UK where higher taxation means alcohol of all kinds is normally priced higher.

Free car parking facilities are available in front of the Calais ferry terminal and the maximum stay is three days.

Another popular ferry route is Dover to Dunkirk (near Calais) which is operated by DFDS Seaways and takes around 2 hours.

Passengers travelling by ferry from Dover to Calais/Dunkirk go through French passport/identity card checks in the UK before embarkation, rather than on arrival in France. Passengers travelling in the other direction from Calais/Dunkirk to Dover by ferry go through French exit checks and UK passport/identity card checks in Calais/Dunkirk before embarkation, and UK customs checks on arrival in the UK.

Fares for the Dover-Calais ferry start from £25 (day return) and £39 (single) for a car with up to 9 passengers.

Eurotunnel Le Shuttle
Running from Folkestone to the western edge of Calais (Coquelles), this car shuttle service operated by Eurotunnel takes about 35 min (although only about 20 min in the tunnel) and offers the fastest way to travel between France and the UK. This train service is for passengers with cars only, who remain with their car for the duration of the short trip, as there are no restaurants (except a fast food restaurant) but there are toilets.

Passengers travelling from Folkestone to Calais go through French passport/identity card checks in the UK before boarding the train, rather than on arrival in France. Those travelling in the other direction from Calais to the UK by Eurotunnel go through UK passport/identity card and customs checks in Coquelles before boarding the train, rather than on arrival in the UK.

Roads
The port in Calais is directly linked to the French motorway system. The A26/E15, Autoroute des Anglais, which provides access to the heart of France including Paris and beyond and the A16/E40, a gateway to Benelux and the northern European motorway systems. The A16/E402 directs you to western France.

Eurostar
Eurostar operates high-speed trains between Calais Fréthun station and the following destinations in the United Kingdom and Belgium:
 * London St Pancras International station (1 hr 2 min; 3 daily from London; 2-3 daily to London)
 * Ebbsfleet International station (44 min; 2 daily from Ebbsfleet; 1-2 daily to Ebbsfleet)
 * Ashford International station (35 min; 1 daily from Ashford)
 * Brussels Zuid-Midi station (1 hr 2 min; 2-3 daily from Brussels; 3 daily to Brussels)

Note that Calais Fréthun station is some distance from Calais city centre, but there are a number of trains operating between Calais Fréthun and Calais Ville (in the city centre), as well as shuttle buses and taxis.

The Eurostar timetable is available from their website.

Passengers travelling by Eurostar from the UK to Calais go through French passport/identity card checks in the UK before boarding the train, rather than on arrival in France. Passengers travelling in the other direction from Calais to the UK by Eurostar go through French exit checks, followed by UK passport/identity card checks in Calais Fréthun station before boarding the train, and UK customs checks on arrival in the UK.

Those travelling by Eurostar between Brussels and Calais are within the Schengen Area.

Although the Brussels Midi-Calais Fréthun route can't be purchased through the Eurostar website, it is available on the Belgian Railways website.

Eurostar fares start from £66 return (under 26) and £69 return (adults) from the UK to Calais.

SNCF
Running from Lille, Boulogne, Dunkirk and Paris, Calais is well supported by the French national rail network. Calais Ville is the station serving the city centre, whilst Calais Fréthun is on the outskirts of Calais. There are trains that operate between Calais Ville and Calais Fréthun stations.

Get around
Most people travel by car around the town, but there is a comprehensive network of buses running from the town centre to the suburbs and Cité Europe. The port is served by a special shuttle bus although via a footbridge the centre, and the harbour terminal are only 15 min apart.

Bus 5 is useful for reaching the large Auchan and Carrefour hypermarkets and the Cite Europe shopping mall and the 6 goes to Calais Frethun Eurostar station. Services run every 30 min during the day and costs about €1 (board through the front door and pay the driver) and all buses terminate outside the Gare D'Ville.

Do

 * Visit the Coast up to "Cap Blanc Nez" (White Nose Cap), Unesco Classified site. If you have no car, you can take the bus (double-decker) at the theatre or the station for €1 there along the see road. Really cool.
 * Visit the Coast up to "Cap Blanc Nez" (White Nose Cap), Unesco Classified site. If you have no car, you can take the bus (double-decker) at the theatre or the station for €1 there along the see road. Really cool.
 * Visit the Coast up to "Cap Blanc Nez" (White Nose Cap), Unesco Classified site. If you have no car, you can take the bus (double-decker) at the theatre or the station for €1 there along the see road. Really cool.
 * Visit the Coast up to "Cap Blanc Nez" (White Nose Cap), Unesco Classified site. If you have no car, you can take the bus (double-decker) at the theatre or the station for €1 there along the see road. Really cool.
 * Visit the Coast up to "Cap Blanc Nez" (White Nose Cap), Unesco Classified site. If you have no car, you can take the bus (double-decker) at the theatre or the station for €1 there along the see road. Really cool.
 * Visit the Coast up to "Cap Blanc Nez" (White Nose Cap), Unesco Classified site. If you have no car, you can take the bus (double-decker) at the theatre or the station for €1 there along the see road. Really cool.
 * Visit the Coast up to "Cap Blanc Nez" (White Nose Cap), Unesco Classified site. If you have no car, you can take the bus (double-decker) at the theatre or the station for €1 there along the see road. Really cool.
 * Visit the Coast up to "Cap Blanc Nez" (White Nose Cap), Unesco Classified site. If you have no car, you can take the bus (double-decker) at the theatre or the station for €1 there along the see road. Really cool.
 * Visit the Coast up to "Cap Blanc Nez" (White Nose Cap), Unesco Classified site. If you have no car, you can take the bus (double-decker) at the theatre or the station for €1 there along the see road. Really cool.

Buy

 * Alcohol. Since France has slightly lower taxes on alcohol than the UK various establishments have set up to cater for day trippers, although often it is a little cheaper to go to a local hypermarket (and you can pick up other stuff). The main hypermarkets are Auchan and Carrefour, the latter within the Cité Europe shopping centre and can both be reached on bus 5. In the town centre, there is a smaller Carrefour located at the back of the Quatre Boulevards shopping centre (near the Opéra).
 * Lace: two places worth a visit:
 * Lace: two places worth a visit:
 * Lace: two places worth a visit:
 * Lace: two places worth a visit:

Consulates

 * 🇬🇷 Greece

Go next
To hitch-hike to Belgium or the Netherlands, if you leave the terminal, you must walk 500 m through a large car park, after which you will see roundabout and an on-ramp to the motorway. That is the place to hitch a ride: there is enough space even for a big lorry.

For a more 'traditional' experience of France, Saint-Omer is 43 km (26 miles) down the road from Calais. The Saturday morning market on the main square, the Place Foch, can be enjoyable. There are also good affordable restaurants and friendly bars, as well as interesting architecture.

Other options:

 * Ardres — for the old city and its lakes
 * Guines — with its marshes, forest and old tower
 * Wissant — with the Le site des 2 Caps on the seaside
 * Oye Plage — with the natural reserve of Le Platier d'Oye

title: Calais


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Calais (disambiguation)

There is more than one place called Calais:

France

 * Calais - A city in Nord-Pas de Calais.

United States of America

 * Calais (Maine) - A town in the Down East region of Maine.
 * Calais (Vermont) - A town in Washington County, Vermont.

title: Calais (disambiguation)


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Calais (Maine)

Calais (pronounced "Cal' lus") is a coastal town located in the Down East region of Maine at the Canadian border across from the town of St. Stephen, one of Maine's busiest border crossings. Calais and St. Stephen have a close relationship, celebrated with a multiple-day International Festival each year. A parade crosses Ferry Point Bridge, with the mayors of both communities shaking hands across the border.

By car
The direct route from Bangor, ME is via Route 9, locally called "The Airline."

By plane
The closest airport is Bangor International Airport.

Go next

 * Campobello Island
 * The Passamaquoddy Tribe of Maine is 20 miles (30km) northwest on the road to Houlton (US Route 1)

title: Calais (Maine)


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Calama

Calama is in the region of Antofagasta in northern Chile.

Understand
Calama is just the gateway to San Pedro de Atacama for the most tourists.

By bus
At least two major bus stations exist in Calama:

If you are heading to San Pedro, transferring in Calama is mostly cheaper and faster. But make sure that when arriving you get off in the center near the cheaper bus stations before your bus heads to Terminal de Buses. Otherwise you will have to walk back into town 1½ km to catch the more frequent San Pedro Buses.

Normally, overnight buses arrive from Iquique or Arica in the early morning hours, but the bus company will let you sleep on the bus for a few hours until morning so there is no need to book a hotel or hostel.

By plane

Calama is served by three airlines:
 * JetSmart from Concepción, La Serena, Santiago
 * LATAM from La Serena and Santiago
 * Sky Airline from Concepción and Santiago

Get around
Calama is not large and most of the city centre can be covered on foot. Collectivos (shared taxis) run fixed routes and cost 700 pesos, while buses, named with letters of the alphabet, cost about 300 pesos.

By 4WD
Renting a truck here or in Antofagasta is a great idea if you are 3-5 people and want to explore the region on your own. This will save you a lot of money on expensive tours in San Pedro de Atacama, and rental cars are much cheaper here and even more so in Antofagasta. Due to the rough terrain, it is strongly recommended to get a 4WD or truck.

See

Do

 * There's a small amusement park for children off the main square in town.
 * And you can go to the mall. There's a movie theater, but be warned, all the movies are in Spanish.

 * Explore the region in a 4WD – Head to San Pedro de Atacama, and on the way go see Chiu-Chiu, Lasana, and the geysers de Tatio. For around 40,000 pesos per day, you can rent a truck. Chiu-Chiu is about 35 km northeast of Calama. There are interesting ruins, a lagoon, and some old churches. Lasana is a beautiful canyon winding through the desert. It is green and really different. Then, a several hour drive across the salt flats and through some very rugged roads brings you to the Geysers of Tatio. If you camp on the north side of the geysers, and come down in the morning, you can get in for free (otherwise around 16,000 pesos for a truck and four people). The geysers are at about 4,200 m, and you hit about 4,700 m coming in from the north. So, it is a good idea to get well acclimatised ahead. In May, it is very cold at night, up to -15 °C, be safe. A very cool experience.

Go next

 * San Pedro de Atacama – Just 2 hr away by bus.

title: Calama


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Cala Millor

Callor Millor is a town in Mallorca. It is the largest tourist development on the east coast of the island. The place is very popular among British and German tourists.

Cala Millor is north of Porto Cristo and south of Cala Rajada. Many hotels are right on the beach. No road interferes providing a great beach holiday. Cala Millor is oriented to families with children, not the big party. The hotels are also family-friendly.

Understand
Cala Millor developed along the coast, and occupies a good part of the bay called Cala Millor (which means "Better Bay"). The most outstanding attraction of Cala Millor is its extensive beach, which stretches for almost 2 km, with a promenade that runs from top to bottom. The accommodation offer is very varied and of high quality, with the majority of hotels and apartments located on the first line in front of the sea, with a pedestrian zone behind.

Cala Millor beach, with a length of 1750 m and 35 m wide, is one of the busiest during the summer, with transparent and clean waters.

By bus
TIB Line 412 runs to Cala Millor from [[Palma de Mallorca] (several times a day, €9.80), and Manacor (€3.10); and from Porto Cristo, S'Illot, Sa Coma, Son Servera, and Costa dels Pins (€1.85).

By plane
The nearest airport is Palma de Mallorca Airport. It is around 90 km away. The journey by car takes around an hour.

By car
Cala Millor is a bit off the main roads of Mallorca. It is of course connected to the main roads. The MA-4026 leads to Son Servera and the MA-4030 coastal road to the southwest, or the MA-4040, which all meet at the intersection, to the southeast. The MA-4027 runs from Cala Millor to Cala Bona.

Do

 * On the beach there are lifeguards, showers, sports, hammocks, umbrellas and a pedal boat rental service.
 * Rent a bicycle: the terrain is flat and there are many areas closed to motorized traffic.
 * Tennis, squash, football, volleyball on the beach, diving, bodyboarding, and surfing.

Sleep

 * Hotel Ilusion Moreyo is 100 m south of the marina at Passeig Maritim de Cala Bona 8.
 * Hotel Sur is opposite Ilusion.
 * Levanante Park is just south of Ilusion.
 * Ilusion Vista Blava at C de ses Planes 8 is well due for refurbishment.
 * Castell de Mar is a boxy modern hotel at C Bonança 1.
 * Other Hipotels almost next door are Hipocampo Playa, Dunas and Bahia Grande. Flamenco and Cala Millor Park are 200 m north by Garden Hotel.
 * Sa Coma is another resort 2 km south, running into S'Illot. Hotels here include Hipotel Club Mediterrano, CM Mallorca Palace, Mim Mallorca, Marfil Playa, THB Sa Coma Platja, Iberosol Siurell and Mix Colombo.
 * Ilusion Vista Blava at C de ses Planes 8 is well due for refurbishment.
 * Castell de Mar is a boxy modern hotel at C Bonança 1.
 * Other Hipotels almost next door are Hipocampo Playa, Dunas and Bahia Grande. Flamenco and Cala Millor Park are 200 m north by Garden Hotel.
 * Sa Coma is another resort 2 km south, running into S'Illot. Hotels here include Hipotel Club Mediterrano, CM Mallorca Palace, Mim Mallorca, Marfil Playa, THB Sa Coma Platja, Iberosol Siurell and Mix Colombo.
 * Other Hipotels almost next door are Hipocampo Playa, Dunas and Bahia Grande. Flamenco and Cala Millor Park are 200 m north by Garden Hotel.
 * Sa Coma is another resort 2 km south, running into S'Illot. Hotels here include Hipotel Club Mediterrano, CM Mallorca Palace, Mim Mallorca, Marfil Playa, THB Sa Coma Platja, Iberosol Siurell and Mix Colombo.
 * Other Hipotels almost next door are Hipocampo Playa, Dunas and Bahia Grande. Flamenco and Cala Millor Park are 200 m north by Garden Hotel.
 * Sa Coma is another resort 2 km south, running into S'Illot. Hotels here include Hipotel Club Mediterrano, CM Mallorca Palace, Mim Mallorca, Marfil Playa, THB Sa Coma Platja, Iberosol Siurell and Mix Colombo.
 * Sa Coma is another resort 2 km south, running into S'Illot. Hotels here include Hipotel Club Mediterrano, CM Mallorca Palace, Mim Mallorca, Marfil Playa, THB Sa Coma Platja, Iberosol Siurell and Mix Colombo.
 * Sa Coma is another resort 2 km south, running into S'Illot. Hotels here include Hipotel Club Mediterrano, CM Mallorca Palace, Mim Mallorca, Marfil Playa, THB Sa Coma Platja, Iberosol Siurell and Mix Colombo.

title: Cala Millor


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Călan

Călan is a town in Hunedoara county in Transylvania.

Understand
Calan is situated on the Strei river valley, at 230 m altitude.

Fourteen villages are administered by the town: Batiz, Călanu Mic (Kiskalán), Grid, Nădăştia de Jos (Alsónádasd), Nădăştia de Sus (Felsőnádasd), Ohaba Streiului (Sztrigyohába), Sâncrai (Szentkirály), Sântămăria de Piatră (Kőboldogfalva), Strei (Zeikdorf; Zeykfalva), Strei-Săcel (Sztrigyszacsal), Streisângeorgiu (Sztrigyszentgyörgy) and Valea Sângeorgiului (Szentgyörgyválya).

Material traces found in the city and the villages constituted evidence of human existence since ancient Neolithic (5500-3500 BC). Calan is known since Roman times, as a thermal water resort, called Aquae. Kalan in Hungarian means recess in a rock, spoon-shaped, in which one can take a bath in thermal waters.Calan became a town in 1387.

By train
Every day there are trains connecting Calan with Bucharest, Timisoara, Cluj-Napoca, Arad, Deva, etc.

By car
Calan is situated on the European road E 79 between Simeria and Hateg.

Bucharest is 380 km away from Calan.

Timisoara is 175 km away from Calan.

Cluj-Napoca is 162 km away from Calan.

Deva, capital of Hunedoara County is 25 km away from Calan.

Get around
Calan is a small town and you can visit the town on foot.One can also take a taxi.

Phone
Calan area code is 254 for Romtelecom and 354 for RDS.If you are calling from Romania you must dial 0254(0354) and if you are calling from abroad you must dial +40254(+40354).

Go next

 * Deva,25 km from Calan.Deva is the capital of Hunedoara County with Deva Citadel an impressive medieval fortress, built in the 13th century and unfortunately, partially blown up in 1849.Located on a hill overlooking the city.
 * Retezat National Park
 * Hunedoara is 20 km away.Here you can visit Hunyad Castle.
 * Hateg is 17 km away.In Hateg you can visit the European Buffalo Reservation.Prislop Monastery is 13 km away.You can see also Colt Monastery and Colt Fortress.
 * Orastie is 25 km away from Calan and from here you can go and see Dacian Fortresses of the Orastie Mountains or you can relax at Geoagiu resort.
 * Petrosani is 65 km away.From Petrosani you have access to Parang and Straja, the most two important winter resorts in Hunedoara County.

title: Călan


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Calangute

Calangute is a town on the northern coast of Goa. It is among the most popular tourist destinations in Goa. Calangute is located 13 km from Panaji and 8 km from Mapusa.

Get in
Calangute is well connected to other parts of Goa by road, and the roads are in fairly good condition.

By train
The nearest railway station is at Thivim, and taxi from there takes about 20 minutes and costs around ₹300 and an auto rickshaw costs ₹200 for a maximum of 3 people as of 1 December 2020. Local Buses are also available from Thivim for ₹15. Other railway stations are Karmali, Margao and Vasco.

By bus
Frequent state buses go to and from other parts of Goa, but if you're travelling a longer distance, you need to change buses (for example, from the airport you should need three buses to get to Calangute). A bus from Panaji costs ₹10-15 depending on the route the bus takes.

By taxi
Prepaid taxi from the outside counter on the airport costs ₹900, while discussing the price directly with the driver should result into cheaper price.

Get around
Calangute is a quite small area, and you can easily walk your way through it. Two-wheelers and cars are naturally available for hire, and getting a taxi or an auto rickshaw is easy.

Do

 * Relax at the beach. The beach reaches from Candolim to Baga. Known also as the Queen of Beaches, although is rather crowded nowadays. Unfortunately it has also been reported to be a place where women risk to be harassed. The sand is quite full of beds for sunbathing. These are free at least if you buy something from the beach shack, but expect a lot of salesmen. Beggars are not common.
 * If you go from the centre of the town to the beach, you will find a massive amount of water sports operators; they are cheap and fun but their safety is very doubtful due to the large number of jetskis operating in the breaking waves. At this part of the beach there are no beach shacks.
 * Hire a bike or scooty for about ₹150-200 per day and roam around other nearby beaches like Baga, Candolim, Anjuna. You can also ride straight up to Aguada Fort. Make sure to fill your vehicle's tank before you start off the journey. Fuels are sold by many roadside shops at about ₹90 per liter.

Eat
The coastline is nearly full of beach shacks that offer food as well. For better cuisine you can choose from numerous (tourist) restaurants that are found from the main roads. Food is somewhat expensive by Indian standards, but cheap by Western ones: an Indian curry with rice is around ₹160 in most places and should be enough to feed most.

Sleep
Take any road going towards the beach from the main road and find a bunch of places to sleep as you approach the beach. If you choose a smaller road you're likely to find cheaper places. Taxi drivers will be happy to take you to a place run by their friends / people who pay commission, but you need be very strict with your price limit as they tend to take you to a more expensive place.

Go next

 * Anjuna for beach market every Wednesday.
 * Baga for partying
 * Candolim

title: Calangute


text:
Cala Ratjada

Cala Ratjada is a city on the island of Mallorca. It is a very well-known tourist place, especially for Germans, which is known for its extravagant celebrations in summer. In winter, pensioners, who sometimes spend the whole winter here, take over the city. In the off-season, Cala Rajada is popular with families with small children.

Understand
The resort of Cala Ratjada is the principal port and coastal development of the municipal district of Capdepera, and is built on a small rocky peninsula on the extreme north east corner of the island, around 65 km from the capital Palma.

Cala Ratjada is spans two bays. In the north is the Cala Agulla, in the south the Font de Sa Cala. Both bays are surrounded by hotels and are quite crowded.

By plane
Palma's city airport is the major airport in Mallorca, and has daily flights from many European cities on national and budget carriers. The airport is managed by Aeropuetos Españoles y Navegación Aérea. PMI is 9 km from the centre of Palma. The city's route 1 bus service runs between the city centre and the airport every 15 minutes between 06:00 and 01:00, and the fare is €1.80.

The journey to Cala Ratjada by vehicle takes from 60 to 90 minutes from the airport. Expect to pay €90 for a taxi.

Some hotels pick up their guests at the airport with a shuttle bus.

By train
TIB runs train services between Mallorcan towns.

By car
Travellers can only drive to Cala Ratjada from other cities in Mallorca; there are no bridges or any road links to other islands or to the mainland. Most cities and towns in Mallorca have road links directly to Palma.

By bus
TIB runs bus services between Mallorcan towns.

By boat
Any number of cruise ships berth at Palma, and there are also a number of ferry services to other Balearic Islands and to the Iberian peninsula:
 * Baleària  runs ferries from Denia, Valencia, and Ibiza.
 * Trasmediterranea  runs ferries from Barcelona, Valencia, Ibiza and Mahon.
 * Iscomar Ferries  ( or  for international callers) runs ferries from Barcelona, Valencia, Ibiza and Denia.

Get around
Buses are the only form of shared public transport in Cala Ratjada.

See

 * Historic Centre
 * The Casa March, a.k.a. Se Torre Cega, is an imposing mansion on a hill above Cala Ratjada. It is surrounded by a wonderful park and sculpture garden. Address: c/ Juan March, 2. Guided tours are available; sign up at the Cala Ratjada Tourism Office, Avenida l´Agulla, 50,.
 * Lighthouse at Punta de Capdepera, the easternmost point of the island. From here you can see Menorca.

Do

 * Two small busy beaches in the town: Son Moll and Cala Gat. Larger beaches up the coast to the north: Cala Guya, Cala Agulla and Cala Mesquida.

Beaches
All beaches in Cala Rajada are safe as long as you watch the coloured flags. The beaches of Son Moll and Cala Agulla are also supervised throughout the day. Nevertheless, it was not necessary to stay close to the shore, as there can be strong currents around the island.
 * Son minoris beach in the middle of Cala Rajada, surrounded by hotels. Quite crowded in the main season.
 * Calla Agullais in the east of Cala Rajada and is a lot bigger than the other beaches. The beach is beautifully situated between the sea and a pine forest.
 * Cala Gat is the smallest of the beaches in Cala Rajada but is definitely worth a visit.

Buy
At the port at the beginning of the pier there is a fish shop (weekdays only from 18:00-19:00), where the fishermen offer some of their freshly caught goods for sale (in the supermarket fish counters you can often only get fish from aquaculture).

Every Saturday morning there is a market in the Pine Square ("Placa del Pins"). There are local fruits and vegetables, as well as various souvenirs from artisans. But clothes, shoes and bath towels are also offered. There is also a bigger and nicer market in Artà every Tuesday.

Eat
There are numerous good restaurants in Cala Ratjada. The quality and choice is one of the best of the vacation spots in Mallorca. Most of the restaurants and bars are along the long promenade that stretches from Son Moll Bay to Cala Gatt (also around the port).

 * Del Mar( is probably one of the best bars on the promenade. At lunchtime and in the evening you will be spoiled with honest "Helvetian-Mediterranean" cuisine.

Drink
There is a lot on offer here, especially around the harbor, but also at some distance from the Son Moll bay. In addition to "normal cafes" there are also some very good cocktail bars (e.g. Bora-Bora), numerous discos, etc. However, more and more Ballermann-like locations are emerging, so that the place for families, couples and other non-young people always becomes less attractive.

Sleep

 * As elsewhere on Mallorca, you need to book early for July to September.

 * Viva Cala Suites is an adults-only place 100 m south.
 * Zafiro is between the two Viva Calas.
 * Viva Cala Suites is an adults-only place 100 m south.
 * Zafiro is between the two Viva Calas.
 * Viva Cala Suites is an adults-only place 100 m south.
 * Zafiro is between the two Viva Calas.
 * Viva Cala Suites is an adults-only place 100 m south.
 * Zafiro is between the two Viva Calas.
 * Zafiro is between the two Viva Calas.

title: Cala Ratjada


text:
Calarca

Calarca is a city in Quindío. Calarca is a municipality in the eastern part of the department of Quindío, Colombia. It is 4 km east of the departmental capital Armenia. Its nickname is La Villa del Cacique.

Understand
Just like in others towns in the Quindio, the economy is based in Colombian coffee crops, plantain and manioc. The ecotourism is promoted with destinations such as Peñasblancas Park, with rock climbing and hiking activities.

Other important source of income is money remittance from people working in other countries to their families.

See

 * Peñasblancas Park, with rock climbing and hiking activities
 * Mariposario entomologic display specialized in Lepidoptera
 * Quindio Botanical Garden

Eat
Very diverse options of foods, from hot dogs to traditional dishes and desserts. Excellent restaurants in the outskirts of town.

title: Calarca


text:
Calatayud

Calatayud is a city in Aragon, Spain. It is located 85 km from Zaragoza and approximately 230km from Madrid. It is the fourth largest city of Aragon, after the provinincial capitals, Zaragoza, Teruel and Huesca. The population is around 18,000 and Calatayud is at an altitude of 530 metres on the river Jalon.

The city has a wide range of shops, bars, restaurants and accommodation. The mudejar towers of churches in the old city heart or casco are renowned. Dominating the skyline is a castle, parts of which date back to 850 AD. The Roman town, Bilbilis, lies four kilometres from the modern town.

By car
Calatayud lies just off the main highway (A2-E90) between Madrid (2 hours) and Zaragoza (1 hour).

By plane
The nearest airports are Madrid (Barajas) and Zaragoza.

By train
Calatayud is served by regular high speed trains (AVE) from Madrid and Zaragoza.

By bus
Buses are available from Zaragoza.

Get around
The city is quite small and walkable.

By bus
There is a city bus service operated by Aragon Tours, who also offer services to surrounding towns and villages.

By train
RENFE offers a local rail service to towns between Ariza and Zaragoza.

See
Many of the old churches are in the mujedar style. This style was developed by Muslim craftsmen who stayed in Aragon after the reconquest.
 * Palacios of Sesé, Pujadas and Vezlope, renaissance style
 * Palacio of Baron de Warsage, neoclassic.
 * In the Arab Wall of the city, the Zaragoza gate.
 * Castle of Ayud or Castillo Mayor. 9th-10th century.
 * Old town hall. Plaza de Espana. The Old Consistorial House of Calatayud is a beautiful building of Renaissance style. It was modified in the 17th century, again in 1842.
 * Old Roman city of Bilbilis lies 4 kilometers to the north west of the modern city. Much excavation has been down and it is possible to see the size of this settlement which was the birthplace of the Roman poet Martial.
 * Palacio of Baron de Warsage, neoclassic.
 * In the Arab Wall of the city, the Zaragoza gate.
 * Castle of Ayud or Castillo Mayor. 9th-10th century.
 * Old town hall. Plaza de Espana. The Old Consistorial House of Calatayud is a beautiful building of Renaissance style. It was modified in the 17th century, again in 1842.
 * Old Roman city of Bilbilis lies 4 kilometers to the north west of the modern city. Much excavation has been down and it is possible to see the size of this settlement which was the birthplace of the Roman poet Martial.

Do

 * Visit Calatayud during Saint Roch fiestas in August.

Buy
There is a small market in 'Plaza España', several supermarkets and a range of other shops.

Eat
A wide range of restaurants are available. Amongst the most notable are:

Sleep
A wide range of pensions are available:

Go next

 * Monasterio de Piedra. A park, 40 minutes away by car, in a hidden gorge with waterfalls, cascades, fish lakes and a top class hotel, wine museum and restaurant.
 * Alhama de Aragon. A spa town with a hot lake, which is open for day visitors.
 * Jaraba Gorge. 7 kilometres of the natural gorge of the river Mesa, with pleasant walking routes.
 * Zaragoza, one hour away by car.

title: Calatayud


text:
Calaveras County

Calaveras County is in California. From the Gold Country in the west, this county extends east into the Sierra Nevada mountains.

Gold Country
The following Calaveras County cities are in the Gold Country:

 * - Angels Camp is a Gold Rush town where Mark Twain overheard a tale that inspired his short story "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County"; today the town hosts a "Jumping Frog Jubilee" every May that draws thousands of visitors. Visitors will also enjoy the historic downtown and find amenities including several hotels and restaurants.  Attractions located just outside of town include the Natural Bridges trail, a 2 mi hike through two short but spectacular limestone caverns that have been carved out by Coyote Creek, as well as the Carson Hill ghost town, a former mine where a 195 pound troy gold nugget was unearthed in 1854.
 * - The small town of Murphys is a Gold Rush era town that today features over a dozen wine tasting rooms and a surprising number of excellent restaurants on its historic Main Street. The town also hosts an annual Irish festival in March that draws thousands of visitors.  There are several wineries nearby, and visitors may also want to make the one mile journey north of Murphys to take a paid tour through Mercer Caverns, a short cave filled with a large number of speleothems, stalactites, and stalagmites.

Sierra Nevada
The following Calaveras County cities are in the Sierra Nevada mountains:

 * - Arnold is a tiny town that offers supplies, restaurants and lodging for visitors to the giant sequoia groves of neighboring Calaveras Big Trees State Park. The town is also the starting point for the Ebbetts Pass National Scenic Byway, a 61 mi stretch of Highways 4 and 89 that leads through incredible mountain scenery as it crosses over 8736 ft Ebbetts Pass, one of the Sierra's least-traveled mountain passes.  Additionally, Arnold is home to a 7 acre logging museum that has indoor and outdoor exhibits of large logging equipment and artifacts.

Go next

 * - Calaveras County's neighbor to the north, Amador County was home to several mines during the Gold Rush, including the Kennedy Mine in Jackson which was the deepest gold mine of its time. Today the county is known for its Zinfandel, with the Shenandoah Valley home to over forty wineries.  Visitors may also enjoy Black Chasm Cavern in Volcano, historic buildings, and outdoor activities such as skiing, camping and fishing.
 * - Located east of Calaveras County, sparsely populated Alpine County advertises itself with the slogan "two people per square mile and you", making it a good option for a quiet mountain getaway. Attractions include the hot spring pools at Grover Hot Springs State Park, amazing views of the Sierras from the Ebbetts Pass National Scenic Byway, and the excellent winter skiing at Kirkwood Mountain Resort.
 * - Calaveras County's southeastern neighbor was one of California's original counties at the time of statehood, and today offers a glimpse into the region's gold mining and logging history, as well as numerous opportunities for outdoor recreation. Portions of Yosemite National Park lie in the county, and with limited parking and lodging inside of the park, the YARTS shuttle system makes the county's towns an option to consider for park visitors.
 * - While still primarily an agricultural county known for its almond trees, parts of Calaveras County's southwestern neighbor have become a bedroom community for people trying to escape the high housing costs of the Bay Area. Travelers will find plenty of amenities, although most only see Stanislaus County while passing through on their way elsewhere.
 * - San Joaquin County lies to the west of Calaveras County on the eastern edge of the California Delta, an estuary formed by the confluence of the San Joaquin and Sacramento rivers. Nicknamed "California's Holland" due to the extensive levee system, the area is an interesting place to explore by car or boat.  Stockton is the county's largest city and is notable for being the world's most inland natural seaport.

title: Calaveras County


text:
Calbayog

Calbayog is a city of 183,000 in Samar Province in the Philippines. It is home to many waterfalls, so its nickname "City of Waterfalls". Calbayog is a stop along the Asian Highway 26 or the Maharlika Highway.

Understand
With an area of, Calbayog is one of the largest cities in the Philippines by land area. Most of the city sits on the coast, and the rest being sea and rainforest. It is a commercial center of Samar Province; it has an airport and seaport, and Calbayog city proper hosts most commercial activity.

History
Calbayog started as one of the earliest settlements in Samar island, the village of Tiaybang. Tiaybang is named after a river of the same name, but a flood forced its residents to move the community into Jibatang, after another river. Jesuit missionaries assigned to Samar first arrived in the 17th century, and that time, Jibatang took its present name.

Calbayog was a visita, a large village with a single chapel, and a barrio of Capul. Its first church is built in Malabungto, and is made of stones from a nearby scree. Calbayog became a town (pueblo), and the visita promoted to a parish in 1785. The pueblo of Calbayog used to include large barrios nearby, namely Caybago, Santa Margarita, Weyler, and Santo Niño; Santa Margarita and Santo Niño became their own municipalities, while Caybago and Weyler will merge back to Calbayog in 1948 as the districts of Oquendo and Tinambacan

In 1878, Calbayog was hit by a cholera epidemic, which killed half of the town's population. The town's parish priest was forced to leave, along with his sacristan named Biktoy, which would become an officer of the Spanish Army stationed in the Visayas. The town was also the hometown of Benedicto Nijaga, a revolutionary fund collector for the Katipunan, which would lead the Philippine Revolution. Nijaga, along with 12 other revolutionaries, were executed in Manila in 11 Jan 1897. Calbayog's central plaza would be named after him.

During the American era, Calbayog was made the seat of the new Roman Catholic diocese covering Eastern Visayas. Also during that era, two major Catholic educational institutions were founded, the Colegio-Seminario de San Vicente de Pablo and the La Milagrosa Academy. During the Japanese occupation, the Calbayog diocese was divided into smaller dioceses.

In 1948, Calbayog became a city, merging with the nearby municipalities of Tinambacan and Oquendo.

Orientation
Calbayog is composed of 157 barangays, but is more conveniently divided into three districts: Calbayog proper, Tinambacan and Oquendo. Calbayog district comprises the downtown area and suburbs, while Tinambacan and Oquendo are mostly rural.

By bus

 * Since Calbayog is along the Maharlika Highway that connects the island of Luzon to Mindanao, plenty of buses run through Calbayog City going to Tacloban and Legazpi City. To get a ride, visit the bus terminal.

By minivan

 * Minivans are available for transport of passengers going to Tacloban, Catarman, Catbalogan.
 * Van terminals for Grand Tours, DupTours and T'urbanada are separate from each other and are stationed on the southern side of Calbayog along Maharlika Highway

By ferry

 * Cokaliong Shipping Lines has an overnight ferry to/from Cebu City three times a week, leaving from the port at Maguinoo, half hour north from Calbayog City.
 * Booking office in town on Rosales Avenue. Free shuttle service is provided to and from the booking office to the port.
 * Lite Shipping lines has a ferry to/from Bogo Cebu island four times a week at 10pm. per person for open air bunk.  Booking office at the Fish Port.  Ferry departs from Calbayog City Port
 * Grand Ferries operate a fast SeaCat, passenger only, ferry daily to Cebu City from Calbayog City Port.  Travel time about 6 hours.  Booking office at Grand Tours terminal in town.

Get around

 * Tricycles are available to anywhere in the city, both pedal and motorised.

Waterfalls

Sleep

 * Bay Park Hotel
 * Bay Park Hotel
 * Bay Park Hotel
 * Bay Park Hotel
 * Bay Park Hotel
 * Bay Park Hotel
 * Bay Park Hotel

Stay healthy

 * Social Hygiene Clinic & City Health office. City Hall compound. S P Jose Avelino Avenue. phone +63 55-2091267. free HIV testing.

Cope

 * Bureau of Immigration Calbayog Office. Room 201. 2nd floor. Calbayog City Convention Center. phone +63 55-2093310.

title: Calbayog


text:
Calcata

Calcata is a small hill town in Lazio near Rome in central Italy. It is, perhaps, the most unusual village in Italy.

Understand
It was a sacred ritual site used by the Faliscans, who came before the Romans, and it used to be claimed as the location of the foreskin of Jesus.

In the 1930s, the government condemned it for fear that the 50-m-high cliffs it sits on were crumbling and the whole village was in danger of collapsing. Most of Calcata’s inhabitants moved to the nearby newly built town, Calcata Nuova (New Calcata), leaving the old village more or less deserted.

But the old town survived and in the late 1960s and early 1970s, artists and “hippies” began moving in. They occupied the abandoned houses before eventually buying them from the original owners. They patched up narrow alleys and converted caves in the rocks into homes. They opened art galleries, inconspicuous shops, restaurants, cafes, and a small B&B and Calcata became a very laid-back tourist site. Finally, they convinced the Government that its earlier assessment was wrong and that Calcata was not going to collapse.

Get in

 * By car. From Rome, take the Cassia Bis highway (SS2) and exit at Sette Vene. Follow signs for Calcata. Parking is limited and mainly along the side of the road that passes Calcata. In the high season this may involve quite a long walk to get back to the village.
 * By bus. Hourly Cotral buses leave from the Saxa Rubra bus station to the north of Rome. The journey time is about 45 minutes although this could be much more on sunny weekends.

Get around

On foot. The village can be easily covered in 15 minutes, shopping excluded of course.

See

 * Attractive views from all around the village.
 * Three seats carved in stone. Popular place to take photos. Next to the church.

Buy

 * Works of art. Calcata's web site lists 24 artists who work in Calcata and sell their work there. Things to buy range from hand-made tourist stuff such as fridge magnets, to seriously good art.

Connect
Cell phone coverage is not good, particularly inside the thick-walled buildings.

Go next

 * Civita Castellana. A few km to the north of Calcata as the crow flies, although longer by road, this is an attractive town with a particularly interesting cathedral.
 * Nemi. Attractive town with an interesting castle.
 * Sutri. A Roman ampthitheatre carved out of rock and Etruscan remains. On the road to Viterbo.

title: Calcata


text:
Caldas

There's more than one place called Caldas:

Brazil

 * Caldas Novas - a city in the state of Goias

Colombia

 * Caldas (Colombia)

Portugal

 * Caldas da Rainha, often referred to as simply "Caldas"

Caldas

title: Caldas


text:
Caldas da Rainha

Caldas da Rainha is a city in Portugal's Oeste region, about from the Atlantic Ocean and  north of Lisbon. Absent from most travellers' itineraries, this charming city is a great place to experience authentic Portugal without hordes of tourists. Caldas—as locals call it—offers visitors countless experiences to enjoy: a beautiful park, a bustling farmers' market, several museums, shops, restaurants, cafés, and bars. For visitors seeking a beach holiday, Foz do Arelho and Salir do Porto in Caldas municipality are popular destinations.

Caldas da Rainha is an artistic city, and artworks can be found beyond its several museums. Caldas' main park contains many statues and sculptures, as do most of the city's roundabouts and pavements (sidewalks). Caldas is home to a school of fine arts and design and a vocational school for ceramics. The city centre has many excellent examples of Art Nouveau architecture, with beautifully tiled exteriors. You can take some of the art home with you, in the form of world-renowned ceramic creations from the Bordallo Pinheiro factory. In recognition of its crafts and folk art, UNESCO added Caldas to its Creative Cities Network in 2019.

Understand

The city of Caldas da Rainha (KAHL-duhzh duh rruh-EE-nyuh, /ˈkaɫ.dɐʒ dɐ ʁɐ.ˈi.ɲɐ/) has around 30,000 residents, who are known as Caldenses. Caldas serves as the seat of a municipality—also named Caldas da Rainha—with a population of 50,917 (2021, provisional), including the city proper and the surrounding rural communities. Caldas serves as seat of the Comunidade Intermunicipal do Oeste (West Intermunicipal Community), made up of twelve municipalities with over 362,000 people. See Oeste for details on the other eleven municipalities.

Caldas is in the historical Estremadura province and in the Leiria district. Caldas is in the Centro (Central) tourism region and was part of the old Costa da Prata (Silver Coast) tourism region, a designation which survives in the name of a four-star hotel and other businesses in the city and region.

History

For centuries, the sulphurous curative waters were Caldas da Rainha's main attraction. The city's name can be translated as "Queen's Hot Springs".

Caldas da Rainha was founded by Queen Leonor de Avis (1458–1525, also known as de Lencastre or de Viseu), wife of King João II (1455–1495). One day in 1484, while travelling from Óbidos to Batalha, she found a group of peasants bathing in foul-smelling waters by the roadside. She stopped to inquire about this strange sight, and the bathers told the queen about the waters' curative powers. She decided to try the waters and was pleased to be quickly relieved of an affliction she had been suffering. The queen ordered a thermal hospital built on the site of those waters, so that others may enjoy the relief that she felt. Construction began the following year, 1485, and the first patients were admitted in 1488. Work continued until about 1496–1497. To fund the hospital and the adjoining church, the queen used income from her landholdings and sold her jewels. The thermal hospital still stands to serve those with certain illnesses.

In 1511, King Manuel I, brother of Queen Leonor, declared Caldas da Rainha a town. In 1821, the town became a municipal seat. Caldas was elevated to city status in August 1927.

During the 20th century, Caldas housed refugees and prisoners of several wars, including South Africa's Second Boer War, World War I, in which Portugal joined the Allies, and World War II, when Portugal remained neutral. On 16 March 1974, officers and enlisted soldiers from the army base in Caldas unsuccessfully attempted to stage a coup d'état against the autocratic Estado Novo government more than a month before the successful 25 April Carnation Revolution.

Orientation

The municipality of Caldas da Rainha includes not only the city of Caldas da Rainha but also numerous surrounding rural communities. Beyond the two freguesias (civil parishes) that make up the city, the municipality has 14 rural civil parishes, each containing various settlements. In 2013, the 16 freguesias became 12 following a controversial nationwide local government reorganisation.

City

The city of Caldas da Rainha is divided into two civil parishes—Nossa Senhora do Pópulo and Santo Onofre—separated from each other by the railway tracks. Although a compact city, Caldas da Rainha has several distinct neighbourhoods in each parish.

Rural civil parishes

If you want to see the Portuguese countryside, visit the rural civil parishes of Caldas da Rainha municipality. You will find friendly faces, family farms, green rolling hills, and lovely centuries-old, white-washed churches and chapels. Each parish celebrates its patron saint with an annual festival, typically centred around the parish's church. During the summer months, when many immigrants return home to visit family, the parishes hold festivals with music, dancing, and food—grilled pork and sardines are popular dishes. Beyond churches, the villages tend to be light on tourist sights, but you can find many cozy lodgings and delicious restaurants with authentic Portuguese cooking.

Climate
Caldas da Rainha experiences a "warm-summer Mediterranean" climate (Köppen climate classification Csb, if you're into that sort of thing), sometimes called "cool-summer Mediterranean". This is the same climate as in Porto, San Francisco, and Cape Town, with lower temperatures than those experienced in "hot-summer Mediterranean" cities such as Rome, Los Angeles, or Perth.

Summer temperatures top out at on average, and the light rain doesn't exceed  monthly. Winter lows average. Caldas, like most of Portugal, rarely sees any snow.

Lisbon airport
The nearest airport is Humberto Delgado Airport in Lisbon, about  south of Caldas da Rainha. There are several options to reach Caldas from Lisbon Airport:
 * Bus: Rodoviária do Oeste. Take the Lisbon Metro from Aeroporto station and transfer at Alameda station to  or at Saldanha station to . Either line will get you to Campo Grande station, where you can take Rodoviária do Oeste's Rápida Verde bus service.
 * Bus: Rede Expressos. Take the Lisbon Metro from Aeroporto station and transfer at S. Sebastião station to  to Jardim Zoológico station, near the Sete Rios bus terminal. AeroBus (suspended due to pandemic) Line 2 also travels between the airport and Sete Rios. Next, follow the directions for the Rede Expressos coach bus to Caldas da Rainha.
 * Rail. The rail station nearest the airport for service to Caldas is Entrecampos. Take the Lisbon Metro from Aeroporto station and transfer at Saldanha station to  to Entre Campos station. AeroBus (suspended due to pandemic) Line 1 also travels between the airport and Entrecampos. From here take Comboios de Portugal's Linha do Oeste to Caldas da Rainha. (The rail station in written Entrecampos, but the metro station is written Entre Campos.)
 * Taxi. From the airport to Caldas da Rainha takes about an hour and will cost around . Base metered fare will be about . Heavy traffic may push the fare up to . A 20% surcharge applies 21:00–06:00, so about . Luggage adds per piece, and there is a booking fee of, if applicable. Tolls on the A8 motorway total . For trips outside Lisbon, taximeters are rarely used, so you'll need to negotiate the fare with the driver. If the meter is used, the rates are doubled for trips outside of Lisbon. Keep in mind that the driver needs to get back to Lisbon and cannot pick up passengers until they reach that city. Remember to tip about 10%.
 * Drive. Upon exiting the airport, follow the signs to A8-PT.svg OESTE. Next, follow the directions in the By car section. Tolls on the A8 motorway total.

Porto airport
Although farther away, to the north, Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport  in Porto is a viable alternative to Lisbon. To reach Caldas from Porto:
 * Bus. From the airport, take the Porto Metro (Metro do Porto)  to Senhora da Hora or Trindade and transfer to the, , , or  to Campo 24 de Agosto (~27 min, ). Take a Rede Expressos bus to Caldas. A few trips are direct, but most involve one or two transfers. Travel time is about 3 hr–4 hr 40 min, and fares are.
 * Rail. From the airport, take the Porto Metro to Senhora da Hora or Trindade and transfer to the, , , or  to Campanhã (~30 min, ). From Campanhã station, take a Comboios de Portugal (CP) Alfa Pendular (AP) or Intercity (IC) train to Coimbra-B and transfer to an InterRegional (IR) train to Caldas. Travel time is about 4 hr 20 min–5 hr 20 min. Second class fares are  for AP and  for IC, and first class fares are  and , respectively. (Cheaper fares are available for trips involving commuter trains, which take longer, or for tickets bought five or more days in advance.)
 * Drive. Take the VRI (Via Regional Interior) south for to A4-PT.svg for  to A28-PT.svg for  to A1-PT.svg for  to A8-PT.svg for . Next, see the By car section to determine the best exit for your specific destination in Caldas.

By bus
For most intercity connections, including Lisbon, the bus is faster than the train.

By train

Motorways
Caldas da Rainha is served by two autoestradas (motorways, expressways, or freeways).

A8–Autoestrada do Oeste

 Autoestrada do Oeste, the principal motorway serving Caldas, provides access from Lisbon in the south via Loures, Torres Vedras, Bombarral, and Óbidos. It provides access from Leiria and Marinha Grande to the north. Numerous junctions with other motorways and roads provide connections from the rest of the country. There are four exits serving Caldas:

 * Exit 17 Gaeiras / Caldas da Rainha (Sul) – provides an approach via N8 to the southernmost areas of the city.
 * Exit 18 Caldas da Rainha / Foz do Arelho – leaves you on N360, which is convenient to much of Caldas and to Foz do Arelho.
 * Exit 19 Caldas da Rainha / Zona Industrial – puts you on Avenida Atlântica, which is convenient to northern areas of the city and for Foz do Arelho via the newer Variante Atlântica. It offers a less congested route into the city centre.
 * Exit 20 Tornada – leaves you on N8 a few kilometres north of the city.

A15–Autoestrada do Atlântico

 Autoestrada do Atlântico connects from Santarém and Rio Maior to the east, serving several of Caldas' rural civil parishes. In Santarém, it meets up with (Autoestrada do Norte), which allows access from many major cities.
 * Exit 2 Gaeiras / A-dos-Negros – serves Caldas' rural civil parish of São Gregório (N115).
 * Exit 3 for Landal / A dos Francos (N361) – also serves Vidais (N114).

National roads
Several estradas nacionais (national roads), which are not grade separated, serve the city and municipality. Nowadays, they are prefixed with the letter N, but older signs will show EN.

 * N8 (Estrada da Estremadura), once the main highway of the region, runs right through the centre of town. It runs south to Torres Vedras and Loures, a suburb of Lisbon; and north to Alcobaça.
 * N114 goes west to Óbidos and Peniche; and east to Rio Maior, Santarém, and Évora.
 * N114-1 connects the city centre with N114 to the east.
 * N115 runs south to Cadaval and Loures.
 * N360 runs from Foz do Arelho in the municipality's extreme west, through the city, and east to Benedita in Alcobaça municipality. The portion between Caldas and Foz is known locally as Estrada da Foz.
 * N361 runs from Landal and A dos Francos, in the municipality's southeast corner, west to Cadaval, Bombarral, and Lourinhã; and east to Rio Maior.

Routes from major cities
The câmara municipal (city hall) recommends the following routes from other major cities in the country.

 * Albufeira : A2-PT.svg → A13-PT.svg → A10-PT.svg → A1-PT.svg → A15-PT.svg – 2 hr 50 min
 * Braga : A3-PT.svg → A1-PT.svg → A8-PT.svg – 2 hr 30 min
 * Castelo Branco : A23-PT.svg → A1-PT.svg → A15-PT.svg – 1 hr 45 min
 * Coimbra : A1-PT.svg → A8-PT.svg – 1 hr 10 min
 * Évora : A6-PT.svg → A15-PT.svg – 1 hr 50 min
 * Lisbon : A8-PT.svg – 55 min
 * Porto : A1-PT.svg → A8-PT.svg – 2 hr
 * Viseu : IP3-PT.svg → A1-PT.svg → A8-PT.svg – 1 hr 50 min

Get around
Caldas da Rainha has plentiful signposts pointing toward popular sights, civic amenities, large commercial establishments, nearby communities, the A8 motorway, and Lisbon. Street signs are typically located above eye level on corner buildings. These are often made of decorative ceramic tiles. Not all intersections are clearly signed, so a maps app on your smartphone can come in handy. Many places are named for kings or queens and use the honorific royal title Dom or Dona, usually abbreviated D., before the monarch's given name.

Caldas da Rainha has several streets and squares that locals call by older or more descriptive names rather than their current official designations. Visitors are likely to encounter these places (official name → colloquial name):

 * Largo Conde de Fontalva → Largo da Rainha
 * Largo da Rainha D. Leonor → Largo da Copa
 * Praça 5 de Outubro → (Antiga) Praça do Peixe
 * Praça da República → Praça da Fruta
 * Rua Alexandre Herculano → Rua do Jardim
 * Rua Almirante Cândido dos Reis → Rua das Montras
 * Rua Dr. José Saudade e Silva → Rua da Electricidade
 * Rua Vitorino Fróis → (Rua da) Estrada da Foz

On foot

Caldas da Rainha is a compact city. Most locations of interest are within 10–15 min walking distance. Although Caldas is in a hilly region, most of the inclines in the city centre are manageable by people of moderate fitness. Sidewalks (pavements) tend to be narrow, sometimes nonexistent.

The city centre offers several car-free streets, usually with retail shops, including Rua Almirante Cândido dos Reis (Rua das Montras), Rua Alexandre Herculano (Rua do Jardim), Rua da Liberdade, Praça 5 de Outubro, and a block of Rua Miguel Bombarda.

There are no traffic lights or walk/don't walk signals in the city. Crosswalks are marked with zebra stripes, often accompanied by a blue sign with a black-and-white icon depicting a pedestrian using such a crossing. Drivers are pretty good about yielding to pedestrians using the crosswalks.

Although Caldas can present difficulties for people with disabilities, the city has made accessibility improvements and continues to do so. Many crosswalks in the city centre have dropped kerbs (curb cuts) allowing improved access for wheelchairs, prams (strollers), and other mobility devices.

TOMA

 * System diagram (does not reflect Orange and Blue line extensions in spring 2021)
 * Linha  (Blue line) – a circuitous two-way route that serves eastern, northern, and western portions of the city, including Expoeste (exhibition centre) and Mercado Semanal (weekly market). The route differs somewhat in each direction.
 * timetable east to west
 * timetable west to east
 * map east to west
 * map west to east
 * Linha  (Orange line) – a one-way figure-8 loop serving western areas of Caldas, including Bairro Azul, Rua Vitorino Fróis (Rua da Estrada da Foz), Biblioteca (library), and Fonte Luminosa (fountain).
 * timetable
 * map
 * Linha  (Green line) – a one-way figure-8 loop goes to southern parts of the city, including Centro d'Artes (arts centre) and Fonte Luminosa (fountain).
 * timetable
 * map
 * map

By taxi
Taxis in Caldas da Rainha are black with a light green roof. Older cabs have a creamy beige colour. There are two taxi stands in the city and two elsewhere in the municipality. If you are not near one, call the number for the nearest one, and the next available taxi will come pick you up.

By car
Driving in Caldas is not recommended. The city centre has many narrow one-way streets. On-street parking is hard to find near attractions. Given the compact nature of the city and the proximity of the sights, it is easier to park for the duration of your visit and get around on foot or using TOMA.

The city does not have any traffic lights. Intersections are controlled with "STOP" signs or roundabouts (traffic circles). You will find traffic lights in some of the surrounding villages, where they slow down cars travelling through populated areas.

Parking
The municipality operates three centrally located underground paid parking garages:

Other car parks in the city include:

Car rental
A vehicle is unnecessary and discouraged for visiting the city, but if you are staying in a rural civil parish or using Caldas as a base for further exploration, you might wish to rent a car.

See

Caldas da Rainha is packed with sights. There are numerous museums, mostly dedicated to art. Be sure to check out some of Caldas' lovely Art Nouveau buildings throughout the city centre.

If your time in Caldas is limited, the following sights will make the most of your visit:
 * Parque Dom Carlos I – The city's delightful main park is a favourite destination for visitors.
 * Praça da Fruta – The daily outdoor farmers' market offers a glimpse of daily life in Portugal and of the fresh, delicious produce of the region.
 * Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo – The city's 16th-century mother church, a national monument, is included on most travellers' must-see lists.
 * Museu José Malhoa – This art museum in the park is full of captivating pieces.
 * Museu da Cerâmica – This museum in an old manor house displays local and global ceramic works.
 * Centro de Artes — The Arts Centre has five museums, largely dedicated to sculpture. There's an outdoor sculpture garden, and the centre hosts temporary exhibits.

Museums and art

Churches and buildings

Nature and outdoors

Do
Caldas da Rainha offers plenty of activities to keep visitors occupied, indoors or out, from culture and performing arts to beaches and sporting activities. The year's calendar is packed with holidays, festivals, and celebrations.

Indoors

Outdoors

Events

There's always something going on in Caldas. In addition to the events listed below, be sure to keep an eye on what's happening at the Centro Cultural e de Congressos (CCC), Expoeste, Escola Superior de Arte e Design (ESAD.CR), and the museums. Local newspapers and websites will list upcoming events.

Learn
Caldas da Rainha is home to several institutions of professional, vocational, arts, further, and higher education. Among these are a few language schools where visitors can learn Portuguese.

Buy
With over 600 commercial establishments, Caldas da Rainha dubs itself the "Capital of Traditional Commerce". The centre of town has several shop-lined streets with many mom-and-pop stores and boutiques. Main shopping streets include Rua Heróis da Grande Guerra, Rua Almirante Cândido dos Reis (Rua das Montras), Rua Alexandre Herculano (Rua do Jardim), Rua Capitão Filipe de Sousa, Rua Miguel Bombarda, Rua da Liberdade, and Rua de Camões. The outskirts of town feature several big-box stores and hypermarkets (superstores).

If you're looking for a Caldas souvenir, buy some of the famous local ceramic pottery. The Raphael Bordallo Pinheiro factory produces useful and decorative pieces. For those who enjoy naughtier mementos, Caldas is known for its ceramic phalluses, which like the real thing come in various sizes and can be found all over town.

If you enjoy bargain hunting, head for the Chinese-immigrant-owned shops (lojas chinesas). Some can be quite large. Merchandise at these cheap stores includes household needs, home decor, small appliances, clothing, and toys. The emphasis is on price over quality, so don't expect familiar brands.

Markets and shopping centres

Shops

Eat
Caldas da Rainha offers a wide array of eateries. Beyond tasty traditional Portuguese cuisine, you'll find Continental (European), Brazilian, Asian, and fast food places. Several restaurants offer vegetarian and vegan options. Caldas has more worthwhile restaurants than we can possibly list, so explore the city to discover more eateries. There are many good restaurants in the villages around Caldas, so it is worth wandering beyond the city limits, especially if you have a car. If you're self-catering, you'll find many supermarkets and neighbourhood grocery shops, as well as the farmers' market and fish market.

Savoury dishes typical of Caldas include ensopado de enguias da lagoa (stewed lagoon eels), bacalhau à lagareiro (cod in olive oil), caldeirada (fish stew), and polvo à lagareiro (octopus in olive oil).

If you have a sweet tooth, don't miss out on cavacas das Caldas. These sugar-encrusted confections are about the size and shape of a small bowl. They can be found throughout the city, but especially on Rua da Liberdade and in the farmers' market. They come in a smaller spherical version called beijinhos das Caldas. Other sweet treats include beijinhos em flor (bite-sized biscuits topped with colourful, flower-shaped sugar), trouxas de ovos (sweet poached eggs), lampreias de ovos (egg and sugar confection shaped like lampreys), and pão-de-ló (sponge cake).

Drink

Caldas da Rainha is home to several bars, many pastry shops and bakeries, and numerous cafés. You can find cafés all over town, including in residential neighbourhoods.

Sleep
Lodging in Caldas da Rainha varies from run-down pensões (boarding houses) to well-appointed city-centre hotels to cozy rural homes to seaside properties. The gamut accommodates a wide range of budgets.

Pharmacies
There are seven pharmacies in the city proper. They take turns being open 24 hours. You can find the current farmácia de serviço online, on the door of each pharmacy, on electronic signs in the city centre, and in local newspapers. Several rural communities have pharmacies. They can help you via telephone during off hours. You can call the nationwide hotline 1400 for pharmacy assistance 24/7.

Connect
The city dialing code for Caldas da Rainha is 262. The postal code is 2500.

Newspapers
Caldas da Rainha has two weekly newspapers covering local happenings and events. Other area news sources, both paper and online, also cover Caldas.

There are several newsstands in Caldas.

Places of worship

For Roman Catholic worship services, see Mass times for Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Conceição and Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Pópulo.

Caldas da Rainha has numerous non-Catholic houses of worship, including Anglican, Assemblies of God, Baptist, Evangelical, Jehovah's Witnesses, Latter-Day Saints, Seventh-Day Adventist, and Spiritualist. A few churches offer services in English, but most will be in Portuguese.

Go next

With its central location and good transport connections, Caldas da Rainha serves as an excellent home base for exploring other destinations in Portugal's Oeste subregion along the country's central west coast. Travellers can reach many cities in Portugal from Caldas using various modes of transport.

 * – See the Real Mosteiro de Santa Maria de Alcobaça, a monastery. Or visit São Martinho do Porto, which has a protected bay beach popular with families.
 * – See the Mosteiro de Santa Maria da Vitória, a monastery.
 * – See Bacalhôa Buddha Eden, Europe's largest Oriental garden.
 * – Visit Portugal's most famous pilgrimage site, where Catholics believe the Blessed Virgin Mary appeared to three shepherd children six times in 1917.
 * (Lisboa) – The nation's capital is about an hour away by the expresso or rápida buses. It makes a good day trip. The Jerónimos Monestary and Tower of Belém are s.
 * – A picture-postcard beach town, renowned for its surfing. Don't miss the funicular ride to the upper town and the excellent seafood restaurants serving the local catch.
 * – Caldas' nearest neighbour is a walled medieval hilltop town. The Oeste's must-see destination.
 * – Beaches and water sports, with access to the Berlengas archipelago.

title: Caldas da Rainha


text:
Caldas Novas

Caldas Novas is a city in the Brazilian state of Goias. It is popular for its hot springs that attract travellers all year round.

Understand
The history of settlement in the area dates back to the eighteenth century. Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva Filho, a.k.a. the bandeirante Anhanguera, discovered thermal springs in the region in 1722. Later, Martin Coelho de Siqueira, another bandeirante, created a movement for the creation of a village in the region. In 1777, Coelho Siqueira found new springs by the River Pirapetinga and the Lavras brook, naming them Caldas de Pirapetinga and Caldas Novas, respectively.

The Fazenda das Caldas, owned by Martin Coelho de Siqueira, where the main house is preserved until today, was passed to his son, Antonio Coelho de Siqueira, after his father's death. In 1818, the farm was visited by French researcher Auguste de Saint-Hillaire.

After the death of Antonio Coelho de Siqueira, the farm was sold to José Domingos Ribeiro. He donated part of the farm for the construction of the Church of Our Lady of Exile. In 1853, the church is elevated to Parish of Caldas Novas, with the vicar Olinta José da Silva. In 1880, Caldas Novas split from Santa Cruz and was annexed to the municipality of Vila Bela de Morrinhos, current Morrinhos. In 1893, it was elevated to a district. On July 5, 1911 the municipality of Caldas Novas was created, and its headquarters was elevated to a village on October 21, 1911, a date that marks the anniversary of the city. On June 21, 1923, Caldas Novas was elevated to the category of City.

New Caldas is the world's largest hydrothermal complex in operation. It receives more tourists than any other city in the Central West, and had the most hotels in the Central West.

By car

 * Starting from Goiânia: The shortest path to Caldas Novas is the BR-352, pass through Bela Vista de Goias and turn right onto the GO-139 after Cristianópolis, follow this road until it reaches GO-490, 6 km from Caldas Novas. This route is 165 km. The "classic" route, following BR 153 and turning left at Morrinhos, measures 190 km.
 * Starting from Brasilia: The path closest to Caldas Novas is to leave in the direction Catetinho / Valparaiso / BR-040 until Luziânia, enter GO-520 there, access GO-139 in Vianópolis and follow this road, turning left 6 km from arrival, of a total of 290 km. You can choose to follow up Goiânia, and from there to Caldas (357 km) or, on the same road, access GO-139 before Abadiânia (310 km).
 * Starting from Belo Horizonte: Exit through the BR 262 going to Araxá, take the direction Patrocínio, follow from there to Araguari, access the BR-050 before this city to get in Goiás, then turn left onto the GO 139 before Catalão, pass by Corumbaíba and Marzagão. Total: 693 km.
 * from São Paulo: The shortest route is to go through Via Anhanguera, pass Ribeirão Preto, Uberaba, Uberlândia, take MG-413 at Araguari to get in Goiás through Corumbaíba, take the GO 139, pass through Marzagão and reach Caldas. Total: 757 km.

Get around
A rental car is the best way to get around, second best is taxi and/or very inexpensive moto taxi. You will want to visit Hot Park in the sister town of Rio Quente, 31 km from Caldas Novas. An intermunicipal will take you to Hot Park and back for a very low fare. The city itself is better enjoyed by foot.

Do
There are many other diversions and attractions in the area.

Clubs
Lots of options at Rio Quente as well.

Events

 * Street Carnaval - Caldas Novas is a very famous national carnaval
 * Street Carnaval - Caldas Novas is a very famous national carnaval

Buy
Walking around town you will find a lot of locally made beach wear and clothing. Be sure to look around until you find a store that sells bottles of locally produced wildflower honey.

Banks

 * Bradesco - R Cel João Batista, Q. 13 s/n lt 10, S Central - +55 64 3453 1137
 * Banco do Brasil- R Cap João Crisóstomo, 325, S Central - +55 64 3453 1666
 * Itaú - R Maj Victor 9999 S Central - +55 64 3453 1138
 * Caixa Econômica Federal - Av Cel Bento de Godoy, Q 15 s/n lt 9, S Central - +55 64 3453 1271
 * HSBC - Av Cel Bento de Godoy, Q 28 s/n lt 11, S Central - +55 64 3453 2220

Go next

 * Tired of hot springs? Wanna go fishing? Go to Buriti Alegre, 86 km away, close to Marzagão; or maybe Itumbiara, by BR-153, then Cachoeira Dourada (181 km); or even Três Ranchos, 151 km, via Catalão.
 * Brasília (262 km)
 * Goiás City (297 km)
 * Corumbá de Goiás (230 km)
 * Goiânia (169 km)
 * Jataí (428 km)
 * Pirenópolis (242 km)

title: Caldas Novas


text:
Caldera

Caldera is a town of 16,000 people (2012) on the coast of Northern Chile. It has a pleasant main square and some beaches, but most people going to the beach head to nearby Bahía Inglesa.

Understand
It has a harbor protected by breakwaters, being the port city for the productive mining district centering on Copiapó to which it is connected by the first railway constructed in Chile.

Mainstays of the economy are copper ore mining and cultivation of citrus plants which are exported from the port. Fishing and tourism also play an important role. The beaches attract many visitors.

Climate
The climate is mostly warm and extremely dry, because of its location on the Atacama desert's coast, but the temperatures are moderated by the cooling sea currents. However, the climate has become colder because of climate change.

Get in
Caldera lies about 75 km (47 mi) west of Copiapó on the Pacific.

All buses going to and from Copiapó can let you off near Caldera on Route 5. It's about a 30-minute walk to the center.

There are two bus stations in town: The and the, which are also served by other companies. Tickets can be bought there. Furthermore, a Pullman and Turbus office can be found just north(west) of the plaza towards the main beach.

Get around
The town is small enough to be discovered on foot.

See

 * Former Railway Station: The first in Chile, its construction dates back to 1850, with the beginnings of the works for the railway Caldera–Copiapó, the first railway station in Chile and the third one in South America. It was designed to house a complete train in order to protect valuable minerals brought from Chañarcillo. The walls were made of mud and reeds from Guayaquil, with a wooden roof made of Oregon Pine. Inside it had a passenger platform and three load lines, all covered by a large shed 82 m long by 32 m wide. It now also holds a paleontology museum.
 * Church of San Vicente de Paul: Built in 1862 in wood with a stone floor and a Gothic wooden tower. Inside there is an image of the Virgin of Sorrows, brought from Peru as spoils of war after the military campaigns during the War of the Pacific.
 * Cave of Padre Negro: A pilgrimage center built on a rock by the Colombian priest Crisógono Sierra, known locally as Padre Negro (Spanish for "Black Father"). Inside there are murals by the painter Luis Enrique Cerda.
 * Municipal Cemetery of Caldera: The first secular cemetery in Chile, it was inaugurated on 20 September 1876. In its historical sector, mausoleums and tombs have cast iron structures made by English craftsmen and Carrara marble tombstones.
 * Tornini House Museum: a private museum that houses historical artifacts relating to the city-port of Caldera, the Constitutional Revolution (1859), the War of the Pacific (1879-1883), and the Italian immigration in the late nineteenth century. The property was built around 1875 by the Railway Administration Manager, Thomas Smith, and later purchased by Henry B. Beazley, British Consul to Copiapó, Caldera and Peru. On 14 October 1907 it was acquired by Bernardo Tornini Capelli, serving for some years as viceconsular seat of the Kingdom of Italy.
 * Orbicular Granite Nature Sanctuary: This geological oddity is 11 km north of Caldera. It is a formation of a small area, about 400 m², with circular rock mineral scales on granite rocks, giving a peculiar appearance. Given the unusual nature the rock formation, it was declared a nature sanctuary in 1981 and is protected by conservation laws that apply to this type of landmark.

Do

 * Playa La Virgen: A beach 35 km south of Bahía Inglesa and 68 km west of Copiapó, which due to its white sand and warm waters has been considered the best beach in Chile for several years. Its name, meaning "Virgin Beach", is because on a road to the beach there is a rock which resembles the Virgin Mary. This beach has facilities for camping, parking, and has restaurants nearby.
 * Playa La Virgen: A beach 35 km south of Bahía Inglesa and 68 km west of Copiapó, which due to its white sand and warm waters has been considered the best beach in Chile for several years. Its name, meaning "Virgin Beach", is because on a road to the beach there is a rock which resembles the Virgin Mary. This beach has facilities for camping, parking, and has restaurants nearby.

Connect
The plaza offers free WiFi, but the connection is not always reliable.

Go next

 * Bahía Inglesa – a picturesque and lovely yet windy beach about 20 minutes away by collectivo (1,000 pesos) or hitchhiking
 * Rocas Negras – walking south from Bahía Inglesa along the beach, you will encounter this rock formation after about 3 km
 * Parque Paleontológico Los Dedos – beyond Rocas Negras and in the hot middle of nowhere about 1 km from the beach, an outdoor museum for fossils

title: Caldera


text:
Caldicot

Caldicot (Welsh: Cil-y-coed) is a small town in Monmouthshire. It is a pleasant small town with several local historic attractions. This Welsh border town is home to a significant, complete castle and country park with free access to the public, a large Roman villa with remains of municipal buildings and a temple in Caerwent. The town is set on the gateway to Wales and is an excellent first stop for visitors.

By car
Accessible from the M4. Equally placed between both of the Severn Bridges, but be careful as the convenient M48 linking them doesn't have a turn-off for Caldicot. Simplest route is to use the M4 across the newer Second Severn Crossing, then come off at the first Junction 23 (with the services) and then take the road through Magor.

By train
is on the line between Newport and Gloucester, including services to Chepstow. The number of trains passing is quite high, the number that stop is rather fewer.

Caldicot is close to the even smaller village of Rogiet, which does however contain the small but reasonably busy. This also serves the line to Bristol, Bath and even London Paddington. It's often quicker to walk the mile between them than to wait at Caldicot. Note that Rogiet exists because of its railway junction, not as a destination. A few bemused travellers are sometimes stranded here and may be seen searching in vain for any source of refreshment. Services are actually very good, with the line between Bristol and Cardiff giving good services to Bath, Newport and even London. In the other direction are services to Caldicot, Chepstow and Gloucester.

By bus
Caldicot has many bus stops on the X73 route from Newport and Chepstow.

Get around
Most of the town is walkable.

See

Rogiet Churches: There are two churches, possibly dating from the 13th century, in and near the village. St Mary's is the village's church. The redundant St Michael and All Angels in nearby Llanfihangel is usually closed, but opens for occasional concerts. Llanfihangel is not such a bustling metropolis as Rogiet; less a village and more of a farmyard.

Buy
A modest town centre, becoming increasingly depleted by empty shops and high rents. Functional for locals, but not a shopping destination of choice. A well-stocked, albeit somewhat bemused, branch of Waitrose arrived here a few years ago.

Caldicot has an open air market on Tuesdays and Saturdays.

Eat
There are multiple cafes, a Mediterranean restaurant and an Indian restaurant in the town centre, along with several public houses serving food, including The Castle Pub on the edge of the Castle Park. Several ore restaurants can be found in nearby Magor and the surrounding area.

Drink
Caldicot is famous for its pubs and the populace's love of drink. Despite this, many are now closed and boarded, same as most other UK towns.

Go next

 * Chepstow
 * Newport

title: Caldicot


text:
Caldwell (Ohio)

Caldwell is in Noble County. Located along the West Fork of Duck Creek, Caldwell is the county seat of Noble County. The village is named for Joseph and Samuel Caldwell, its original landowners.

Get in
Caldwell is located just east of Interstate 77 at exit 25. Ohio 78 runs through the southern edge of the town.

title: Caldwell (Ohio)


text:
Caledon

There's more than one place called Caledon:

Canada

 * Caledon (Ontario) - in Peel, Greater Toronto Area, Ontario

South Africa

 * Caledon (Western Cape) - a village in the Overberg, Western Cape

United Kingdom

 * Caledon (County Tyrone) - in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland

title: Caledon


text:
Caledon (Ontario)

Caledon is a town of 76,600 people (2021), large in size and mostly rural, in the Peel region of the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario. The Niagara Escarpment and the Credit River run through the town, and there are many areas of natural beauty. Within Caledon is found the village of Bolton, whose historic centre stretches a few blocks on King Road and Queen Street. The village of Belfountain is quite pretty, with older-style wood buildings all around.

Understand
Caledon is the rural, northern part of Peel Region, consisting of an amalgamation of small urban areas, villages, and hamlets. Its major suburban centre is Bolton on its eastern side adjacent to York Region. These areas were settled in the early 1800s to take advantage of the area's two rivers (The Credit and the Humber) and fertile farming land. Today, while Bolton experiences some development pressure similar to the newer parts of Brampton, most of the land in Caledon is protected as either provincial greenbelt, conservation land, parkland, river valley or escarpment, and so it maintains much of the same character as it did a century ago - rolling countryside, with farms, fields, small waterfalls, and tiny villages.

History
By 1869, Belfountain was a village with a population of 100 in the Township of Caledon County Peel. It was established on the Credit River. There were stagecoaches to Erin and Georgetown.

Caledon was likely named by settlers who came from the area around Caledon, County Tyrone in Northern Ireland.

Get in

 * GO Transit bus route 37 from Brampton Bus Terminal, about 30 min, $8.10 e-ticket fare ($6.82 with a Presto card). Monday through Friday only. Most departures are timed to connect with trains arriving from Toronto (approximately 1.5 hours, fares from $10, Toronto to Caledon).
 * By car, it is about 60 km from downtown Toronto.
 * By car, it is about 60 km from downtown Toronto.

Get around
The town is rural and has no transit system, though the Bolton area has a small local bus line running M-F.

Taxi service is available in the Bolton area.

See
Caledon does not have any municipally-owned heritage attractions; its stories are told and its records are stored by the Peel Art Gallery, Museum and Archives in downtown Brampton.

title: Caledon (Ontario)


text:
Caledonia (Nova Scotia)

Caledonia is a village of about 1500 people in the South Shore of Nova Scotia.

History
In 1798-99, 40 years after the founding of nearby Liverpool, settlers began to look toward the "North District", an area rich in timber, waterways and potential farmland. A century of settlement and development in this once primarily Mi'kmaq (Aboriginal) area ensued and the early 1900s farming, lumbering and gold mining were flourishing.

Caledonia was settled in 1817 by six Scots and two Irishmen who were attracted by the good farmland on the drumlins.

A mainstay of the area for almost two centuries, the health of the lumbering industry was attributed to the variety and abundance of timber available. Farming is still very important in the area and the establishment of the Queens County Farmer's Market in the summer is a popular draw for locals and visitors alike.

A gold rush in the late 19th century, caused a boom in the area of which evidence can still be seen today in some of the storefronts and buildings.

Get in
Caledonia is about 45 minutes north of Liverpool and about an hour from Annapolis Royal on Highway 8, also known as the Keji Scenic Drive.

Get around
Calendonia is very much a rural community, with no public transport. A fantastic base for touring the inland of Nova Scotia, a car is required to get around to all the sights and activities.

Events

 * Take in one of the many events at the fairgrounds including the Queens County Fair held every year in mid-September. First held in 1800, the fair is a popular event, with ox-pulls, equestrian programs, concerts and vendors.

Buy
There's a building centre, a pharmacy, and a government liquor store (the NSLC), but not much else.

title: Caledonia (Nova Scotia)


text:
Calella de Palafrugell

Calella de Palafrugell is a small fishing town near Palafrugell, but it is equally a cozy family resort. The area features many small and genuine coves and Palafrugell's largest beach, Llafranc. There are plenty of restaurants and places to stay when visiting.

Understand
Calella de Palafrugell has an excellent setting and, whilst busy in the summer season, it does not have the large hotels and mass tourism of other Costa Brava resorts such as Malgrat or Lloret de Mar. The coastline of the town stretches south some 2 km south to the El Golfet beach - part of the Cap Roig headland where beautiful Botanical gardens are located. Heading north you can find the neighbour beach/village of Llafranc.

The town has some standard hotels, apartments and, at a distance from the beach, some campsites. Like much of the picturesque section of the Costa Brava, north of Palamos and south of L'Estartit, Calella offers some very high quality restaurants and hotels - at prices to match. The beaches are Blue Flag standard. Calella de Palafrugell has some beautiful small coves linked to Llafranc via a coastal walk. The first of the beaches at Calella de Palafrugell is 'El Canadell' where you have the Tragamar restaurant on the beach which is open during the summer season.

Port Bo is a small sandy cove just south of central Calella de Palafrugell. Les Voltes is a beach where a small promenade is set back from the beach with several restaurants and a beach shop. Platja Sota Can Calau is the next one along and after that Port Pelegri, Sant Roc and El Golfet which is approximately 1.5 km from central Calella de Palafrugell.

Calella de Palafrugell is a very popular destination dominated by apartments blocks set just back enough not to be seen from the beach. There are only a few hotels in this area.

By car
There are many places to park for free, so there's no reason to use paid parking. However, violating parking rules will definitely result in a fine quite fast, even on a weekend. There are a number of parking lots and walking to the waterline is easy and allows you to admire the surroundings. Calella is a small village and heavy traffic is far from beneficial.

Do

 * Sunbathe. There's half a dozen of municipal beaches in the town, although you'll see only one or two from any given point. Bring all the stuff you need with you, as nothing can be rented on a beach.
 * Walk. There are several villages available in a walking distance—the routes to them are well-marked and typically goes along the sea.
 * Visit a water park. There are two water parks within visiting distance of Calella de Palafrugell - Aquadiver in Platja d'Aro, and Water World in Lloret . There are buses to and from the parks which depart from various holiday destinations around the area, including La Siesta and Kim's Camping. Both parks offer a large number of water-based rides, in addition to Jacuzzis, swimming pools (with wave machine) and food/ice cream kiosks. Water World is approximately to the south, usually around 50 minutes to an hour by car. There is also a bus service available.
 * Take a walk down the coast from El Golfet to Platja de Castell. The coastal path is not challenging, no particular footwear required. It passes dozens of public and private coves, many of which are sandy and empty of tourists and can be climbed down to by foot. The GR 92 long-distance route crosses the city.
 * Swim along the Vies Braves, a marine path following the coast which is closed to recreational boats. Apart from the beauty of the sights (usually from the opposite point of view), the bottom is rocky and inviting for snorkeling and diving as well. The swim is 1.5 km each way. Going early in the morning is recommended. In the afternoon water is quite opaque due to current and wind, but at 09:00 it shines like a mirror.
 * Atend to Festival of the Gardens of Cap Roig: Held at the Auditori del Jardí Botànic, located in a particularly unique place next to the sea. This summer festival is open to various performing arts disciplines. Early July to mid-August
 * Bike: The Pirinexus and the EuroVelo EV8 long distance bike routes cross the parent city of Palafrugell.

Sleep
Camping La Siesta is a holiday site around 500 m from the village of Calella, offering various types of accommodation - camping spaces, bungalows, pine lodges, apartments and mobile homes are all available. The site also features various conveniences such as a supermarket, bakery, gift shop, restaurants, bars, internet cafe, ice cream shop, two swimming pools, videogames arcade and sports courts/pitches. The site-provided accommodation (bungalows, lodges, apartments) feature toilet facilities, and for campers there are toilet and shower blocks on the site.

Connect
As of Jan 2024, Calella de Palafrugell and its approach highways have 4G from MasMovil and Orange, and 5G from Movistar and Vodafone.

title: Calella de Palafrugell


text:
Calenzano

Calenzano is a city in Tuscany.

Small city not far from Florence, located in the foot hills of the Calvana mountains and Mount Morello.

Get in
Via the main A1 motorway take the "Calenzano/Sesto Fiorentino" exit.

See

 * The Church of Santa Lucia e Settimello houses a terracotta and a wooden crucifix
 * The Pieve di Santa Maria houses a Madonna with St. Thomas and a St. Anthony the Abbot.

Splurge
Meridiana Country Hotel, Via di Barberino 253, 50041, Tel. +39 0558819472 Fax +39 0558819023, Four star design hotel with 32 rooms. Offers meeting and convention service facilities.

title: Calenzano


text:
Calexico

Calexico is a city in Imperial County in California, located just across the U.S.-Mexican border from Mexicali.

By car

 * California 111.svg Imperial Ave From I-8.svg Calexico is located at the southern end of Highway 111, south of its junction with I-8 (Exit 120 of I-8), east of El Centro.

 * California 98.svg Birch St

By plane
Nearest airport for commercial flights by Mokulele Airlines is at Imperial Airport located  north in El Centro. The next nearest airport for commercial flights is in San Diego International Airport where travelers can rent a car or take a Greyhound bus to Calexico. From Mexico the nearest airport for commercial flights is in Mexicali

By bus

Do

 * Most visitors to Calexico arrive on foot from the sister city Mexicali. From downtown Calexico it's a short walk to the border crossing and several tourist areas on the other side.  U.S. citizens do not require a passport, only proof of citizenship, for short trips to the border area of Mexico, but you will need a passport, passport card, or enhanced driver's license to reenter the U.S.

Consulates

 * 🇲🇽 Mexico

title: Calexico