text:
Hadley

Hadley is a small town of 4,200 in the Pioneer Valley, in Western Massachusetts. Despite its small population, it has a reasonable commercial strip that harbors a few malls, providing a more mainstream shopping experience than its larger neighbors, Amherst and Northampton.

Understand
Hadley is a residential and agricultural town, having the most farmland of any Pioneer Valley town. It is bordered on the west by the Connecticut River. There are two village centers, North Hadley, a charming New England settlement, and Hadley Center, with its several historic homes. The town center has a large village green surrounded with stately colonial homes.

Get in
Hadley is in the Pioneer Valley, known as the crossroads of New England because of its strategic position along the Connecticut River and its excellent transportation facilities. The Massachusetts Turnpike connects the region to Boston and to Albany, New York. Interstate 91 provides direct access to Hartford, Connecticut, and to Brattleboro, Vermont and points north.

By car
Interstate Route 91 to Northampton. Other highways are State Routes 9, 47, and 116.

By train
Amtrak's passenger rail service between Montreal and Washington, D.C. is accessible from neighboring Amherst. Freight rail service is available from the Springfield Terminal Railway. Phone: (508) 663-1073

By bus
Hadley is a member of the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA), which offers fixed route service between Northampton, Hadley,  Amherst, and  Williamsburg. The PVTA also offers paratransit services to the elderly and disabled through the Council on Aging.

By plane

 * Bradley International Airport  in Windsor Locks, Connecticut is the nearest large airport.
 * The LaFleur Airport, a General Aviation (GA) facility in nearby Northampton, has a 3,506'x 50' asphalt runway.

Get around
The bike path crosses parts of Hadley, and it's worth taking it all the way down to the former railroad bridge over the Connecticut River. In season, you can watch the campus crew in their early morning runs. Cars are very courteous of bikes, despite the lack of sidewalks.

Taxis are available (check a local telephone book) but they're not so local and can take a while to get there.

Most people have cars, and that's your best bet. There is a car rental right off the highway in Hadley.

Walking is possible, but it will take you a while to get around, and note that most of Hadley has no sidewalks.

See
Hadley is a beautiful rural town. There are few official attractions, but those brave enough to wander will discover beautiful scenes just around the bend.

For example, a trip down Rocky Hill Road will have you pass fields which grow corn, pumpkins, or cabbage in different years. A minute or two farther will bring you to an old barn which now dries tobacco. On your right you'll pass a few homegrown farmstands, in season, offering vegetables or flowers. The trusting atmosphere is evident- nobody is there manning the stand. Drive further down this meandering road, past a field of sheep and some houses all but hidden behind shrub. One empty lot is an incredible sight at twilight, as thousands of fireflies call it home. A few minutes further down Rocky Hill Road bring you past an old cemetery, and finally to the border of Amherst as you near the campus stadium and see the towers up ahead.

Any route will take you on a wonderful adventure -- perhaps to pick strawberries, go to a tag sale, or simply admire an opulent tree running through a rainbow before dropping its leaves in fall.

Buy
All along Massachusetts Route 9 there are various businesses. Of note are two malls, right next to each other:
 * Mountain Farms Mall, which includes Wal-Mart, Barnes and Nobel, Old Navy, and Whole Foods Supermarket.
 * Hampshire Mall, which includes Target, Best Buy, and a multiplex movie theater.

title: Hadley


text:
Hadrian's Wall

Hadrian's Wall was built by the Roman Empire to protect their territory in England from the Pictish tribes of Scotland. It was built relatively quickly from 122 AD, with associated castles and forts, and stretches for 73 miles (117 km) from the Tyne estuary on the east coast to Solway Firth on the west coast. The best of it, both for its preserved structure and scenic upland location, is the central 20-or-so miles across Northumberland between Hexham and Haltwhistle. Hadrian's Wall is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Towns

 * is not on the wall, but its supply base of Arbeia was crucial to the military effort.
 * is the wall's eastern terminus, with the Roman fort of Segedunum.
 * obliterates the route, but it's a major transport hub with lots of visitor facilities and attractions.
 * Gateshead on the south bank of the Tyne is a separate city; you might stay or visit here instead of Newcastle.
 * is an attractive small place with the remains of the garrison town of Corstopitum.
 * is a pleasant old market town south of the cavalry fort of Cilurnum or Chesters.
 * is a village near the best of the wall, around Vercovicium or Housesteads fort.
 * in Cumbria is another old market town.
 * again obliterates the route. It's a large town with several attractions and good transport.
 * is the tiny village at the west terminus of the wall.

Understand
Established emperors can skip this bit, but newbies start here: in order to protect your homeland, power base and own sweet self, you have to subdue the surrounding territories. Exploit them for the benefit of self and homeland (for dammit, you are the homeland) as ruthlessly as you dare without provoking rebellion. Recruit their young men into your army with steady pay, fine uniforms and tales of glory; send them to occupy a different territory where they've no local loyalty, will brutally do your bidding, and are politically expendable. Transition the military territory into a civic province dotted with your noble statue. But in order to protect it, you have to subdue the surrounding territories.

Such was the game of imperial dominoes that led Rome to conquer surrounding areas of Italy, then Greece, North Africa, and France which brought them within sight of the shores of Britain. Julius Caesar made brief expeditions in 55 and 54 BC, but the first invasion with a view to settlement began in 43 AD under Claudius. The Roman Empire quickly secured Kent, the Thames crossing at Londinium, and the English lowlands. They advanced up the lowland corridor along the east coast of Scotland, where in 84 AD Agricola fought the battle of Mons Graupius against the Caledonians, probably somewhere near Stonehaven. He won, but Rome was preoccupied by threats elsewhere, and couldn't spare troops to garrison and colonise Scotland. They fell back to a line of control between the Tyne and the Solway, where the emperor Hadrian built a defensive wall from 122 AD. After a few years they were again ready to advance, and the  Antonine Wall was built between the Forth and the Clyde from 142 AD. But this was only a turf embankment and was abandoned in 162 AD; they retrenched to Hadrian's Wall and held it until Rome abandoned Britain early in the 5th century. It's likely that allied British tribes continued to defend it for another century.

So Hadrian's Wall was occupied for over 300 years along a mostly peaceful border, and the lands south of it transitioned into civilian settlements. Roman soldiers might spend their entire career here, with their families in a nearby town, and come to regard it as home; there are traces of villas, bath houses and temples along the Tyne valley to the east and the Irthing valley west. But when they were gone they were gone, with not even a folk legend to explain their mighty works to later peoples. Especially in the lowlands, the stone was recycled into other dwellings, and to create the 18th century Military Road of General Wade, nowadays the B6318. (In order to protect England, Wade had to subdue the rebellious Jacobite Scots. Hadrian would have approved.) It could have disappeared completely but for the efforts of John Clayton, who from 1830 began buying up the land and preserving the structure. This means that the best of the wall, and the concentration of antiquities and natural views, is in a central upland section of about 20 miles between Hexham and Gilsland, much of it in the care of the National Trust. It follows the scarp of Whin Sill, the dolerite ridge that elsewhere creates High Force waterfall, the Farne islands, and the craggier features of the Northumberland coast. Ironically the very best is the wall-less wall west of Housesteads / Vercovicium, where the scarp is a cliff that needed no fortification. The Pennine Way traverses this central section, from the south joining the wall at Greenhead then marching sinister-dexter east as far as Housesteads before resuming its line north towards the modern Scottish border.

The entire route of the wall has been turned into a long distance footpath. For about 20 miles either side of the central section, this follows a well-defined earthwork descending west towards Brampton and east towards Prudhoe. It's a pleasant hike, and every thousand military paces you pass a bramble-encrusted mound which a little sign says was a milecastle. But the stone has gone and it's more accurate to call it "Hadrian's Ditch", a name that tourist publicity perversely fails to adopt. Further out, even the earthwork has succumbed to the plough and to road-building, and you approach Carlisle along a nondescript path, with only an occasional unusually-straight farm track to recall the grandeur that was Rome. In Newcastle the line has been obliterated and you follow a modern footpath along the north bank of the Tyne to Wallsend.
 * Information on Hadrian's Wall from Visit Northumberland

Get in
Newcastle has an airport and is on the A1 and London—York—Edinburgh railway, while Carlisle is on the M6 and London—Preston—Glasgow railway.

Trains run every 30 min between Newcastle and Carlisle, stopping at Gateshead, Prudhoe, Corbridge, Hexham, Haydon Bridge, Bardon Mill, Haltwhistle and Brampton. They're every 30 min M-Sa and hourly on Sunday.

Stagecoach Bus 685 runs hourly from Newcastle to Hexham, Brampton and Carlisle. The A69 links cross-country and is mostly a fast dual-carriageway with no sidewalk. Cyclists and walkers are not prohibited but should instead use the loops of the former highway.

The valley transport corridor is five miles or so south of Hadrian's Wall, which hews to the higher ground, so you need wheels for the last stage. Car or bike-on-train would work.

Get around
Bus AD122 parallels the wall between Hexham and Haltwhistle, ideal for one-way hikes then a ride back to your vehicle or lodging. It runs hourly, daily mid-Apr to Oct, weekends mid-Feb to mid-Apr and Nov to mid-Dec. The main stops from Hexham are Chesters, Housesteads, The Sill, Vindolanda, Walltown, Greenhead and Haltwhistle.

See

 *  South Shields has the Roman supply depot of Arbeia: stuff was brought in by sea then carted inland, a never-ending logistic grind. The fort's western gatehouse and commander's quarters have been reconstructed.
 * Wallsend is actually its beginning, as construction started here in 122 AD and worked west. The Roman fort of Segedunum is next to Mile Zero of the wall and Wallsend's main metro station. (Don't get off at Hadrian Road, a nondescript burb. Some Metro signage is in Latin: have your ticket ready for the vomitorium.) Hadrian's Wall Path follows the north bank of the Tyne but is entirely modern for 14 miles west, as through Newcastle the ancient route and structures are obliterated. Wallsend has places to stay and eat but is only 12 min ride from Newcastle city centre and you'll do better to base there.
 * Newcastle upon Tyne is the best base for the east end of the wall, with Roman exhibits in the Great North Museum. The wall is lost beneath A187 coming in from Wallsend then A186 heading out west. A few courses of masonry of the wall and Turret 7B at West Denton (junction with A1) are the most easterly surviving stonework, but not worth seeking out. Its route becomes visible on B6528 towards Throckley and Heddon-on-the-Wall, where the path leaves the riverbank to rejoin it. Another short stretch of masonry outside Heddon, and it's then a path and low earthwork parallel to the road, here called Military Road and usually busy and ratty. Vindobala fort is barely visible. Use OS Landranger Map 88 from the outset at Wallsend until 4 miles west of Heddon, then switch to Map 87.
 * Corbridge is 3 miles south of the wall at the junction of A69 and A68 the Darlington—Jedburgh—Edinburgh road. There are remains of the fortified Roman town of Corstopitum, illustrating the transition between military garrison and civilian settlement. Corbridge is a pleasant small place to stay or visit. The wall is a well-defined vallum parallel to B6318. (The otherwise excellent OS Map 87 here labels it B3618, which would be around London Twickenham if it existed). This stretch concludes at the North Tyne.
 * Vallum is what you hike besides in the lowlands: "Hadrian's Ditch," which survives though stonework has vanished. It was built a short time after the wall, as close to the south side as terrain allowed. The ditch is about 20 ft (6 m) wide, with the excavated material made into embankments set back from it, a larger to the south and smaller to the north, with often a third on the south lip of the ditch. The Military Way, the marching trail, was on or next to the north embankment. The whole strip was about 36 ft (10 m) wide and seems to have been a forbidden military zone, plus an element of drainage; it wasn't fenced or palisaded. Originally vallum meant the embankment (the ditch was fossa), but it became the term for the entire strip, used on modern maps. There were no structures north side of the wall, they just cleared away any vegetation that could afford cover.
 * Hexham is a larger market town with visitor amenities and attractions. The best of the wall starts 6 miles north at Chesters, and marches west towards Greenhead.
 * Milecastle, Turret, Turret is the recurring pattern over the central section - their foundations often survive even when the wall has gone. The turrets, one third then two-thirds of a military mile beyond each milecastle, were stubby sentry posts. Turret 24B is east across the river from Chesters Fort, then the first identifiable remnant west is Turret 29A "Black Carts". Only earthworks survive of Milecastle 29 and Turret 29B, and given the conditions, their ditches were probably as much for drainage as defence. The turrets didn't have crossing points, so to cross the wall you had to go through the checkpoint at one of the milecastles, with whatever tedious procedures happened to be in force: "How much longer they gonna be, poking into that dēfutūta cartload of turnips?" From here west to Housesteads, there's an ersatz wall, as Roman stones form the drystone field wall flanking the road. The footpath is a grassy trail across grazing land.
 * , the temple to Mithras, is the main interest at Brocolitia, the next fort west on B6318. Like Chesters, the fort was built astride the wall and had 500 troops (initially from south-west France, later from Belgium), but its stone was stripped to build General Wade's Road. The temple, in use 200-350 AD, had become hidden in a bog so its foundations and altars survived. The Roman Mithras was a development of the Zoroastrian Mehr, god of covenants and pledges, justice and light. Mithras was worshipped at communal meals in caves or crypts, which later became part of Christian architecture and practise. The site was private farmland until 2020, when it was gifted to English Heritage. Parking and access are free anytime, be prepared for soggy ground and grazing livestock.
 * Mile 33 to 36: Coesike is a fragment of masonry where wall and B6318 diverge. It was Turret 33B; Milecastle 33 is an earthwork while Turret 33A has disappeared. The path starts to feels less pastoral and more like a frontier here as it comes onto a ridge. Milecastle 34 and Turret 34B have disappeared but Turret 34A (Grindon West) has masonry. Milecastle 35 (Sewingshields) has chunky foundations, and you can see the roadbed connecting it to the Roman Military Way, which in these craggy parts ran some way south of the wall. It was built over in medieval times, but this was removed in the 20th century. Hardly anything to see of Turret 35B, Milecastle 36 or Turret 36A, while Turret 36B became part of Housesteads. OS Landranger Map 86 has substantial overlap with Map 87 and covers from Mile 33 to the outskirts of Carlisle.
 * Mile 37 to 39 is the most scenic part of the entire wall and is often visited as a short hike from Housesteads. (By train get off at Bardon Mill.) Some 300 yards west of the fort is Milecastle 37, partly reconstructed; Turrets 37A and 37B are gone. The Pennine Way, which marches along the wall from Greenhead, here branches north to Bellingham up the valley of the North Tyne. Nothing to see of Milecastle 38 and Turrets 38A and 38B. Or indeed much of the wall, as this climbs to become the wall-less wall along the cliff above Crag Lough, where the natural defence needed no addition. Continue west for the former location of an iconic tree at Sycamore Gap.  The tree, felled in an act of vandalism in 2023, was several hundred years old, and also known as the "Robin Hood Tree" was ancient enough to have been a location in the 1991 film Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves. Robin Hood (Kevin Costner) fights the wicked Sheriff's goons here, but as he was returning from the Holy Land via Dover to Nottingham, he can't have been using OS Landranger Map 87 or 86, which both cover this area.
 * Mile 39 to 42 continues as a substantial wall across the hills. Milecastle 39 (Castle Nick) has been partly reconstructed. Turrets 39A and 39B are gone; they were unusually far-spaced (the "Peel Gap"), so an extra tower was built between and its foundations are visible. Milecastles 40 and 41 and Turrets 40A, 40B and 41B have gone, but there's the foundations of Turret 41A (Caw Gap). The Romans appear to have demolished it to bring the wall across the site. This section concludes with Milecastle 42 (Cawfields), a solid remnant but its turrets are gone.
 * Great Chesters or Aesica was a fort guarding the Caw Gap, where a stream runs through. It's south of the wall, as some inconsiderate fellow called Hadrian had already built Milecastle 43 where it should have stood, and had also changed the spec for the wall without this being divulged to the builders. The Milecastle was demolished once the fort was finished; they also built a civilian settlement and a six-mile aqueduct to bring stream water down the valley. A hoard of Celtic jewellery was found here. So it was an important place but there's only a few courses of stonework to see, and next-to-nothing of Turrets 43A and 43B.
 * Great Chesters or Aesica was a fort guarding the Caw Gap, where a stream runs through. It's south of the wall, as some inconsiderate fellow called Hadrian had already built Milecastle 43 where it should have stood, and had also changed the spec for the wall without this being divulged to the builders. The Milecastle was demolished once the fort was finished; they also built a civilian settlement and a six-mile aqueduct to bring stream water down the valley. A hoard of Celtic jewellery was found here. So it was an important place but there's only a few courses of stonework to see, and next-to-nothing of Turrets 43A and 43B.
 * Mile 43 to 45 is the western end of the central section. Turret 44B (Muckle Bank) and 45A (Walltown) are visible, and the roadway from Milecastle 44 to the Military Way. The Roman Army Museum in Walltown is usually visited on the same ticket as Vindolanda, see above. Thirlwall Castle is a medieval stump, built from stone from the wall, which west of here reverts to being a ditch across farmland. The Pennine Way joins the wall at Greenhead, approaching from Alston along the South Tyne valley and tail-end of the Pennine range. OS Landranger Map 87 ends at Walltown, use Map 86 to the edge of Carlisle.
 * Haltwhistle is the closest railway station to this section of wall. There's accommodation here and in Gilsland and Greenhead, which marks the watershed between the Tyne valley east in Northumberland, and Irthing valley west in Cumbria.
 * Modern military frontiers: anywhere along the wall, but especially on the Hexham-Haltwhistle section, you'll see military jets, usually in pairs skimming low to practice flying under-the-radar. Their main role is to defend NATO and Europe against Russian supersonic bombers, which routinely hurtle across the Norwegian Sea, in international airspace but only a few minutes flight away from the major European cities. Russia has suffered devastating wars in its heartlands, which it seeks to protect by subduing surrounding territories, and by projecting its power beyond... here we go again. The RAF jets are based at Lossiemouth in northeast Scotland.
 * Mile 50 to 55 are where the wall again deteriorates into "Hadrian's Ditch". You can either follow the grassy path or the quiet public lane. There are scraps of masonry at Turrets 51A and 51B, Pike Hill Signalling Station and Turret 52A. Camboglanna (or Castlesteads) Fort was mostly wrecked by river erosion and enthusiastic Georgian landscape gardeners.
 *  Brampton is a pleasant market town and base for this part of the wall, but it has no Roman antiquities. The wall pathway is waymarked but the vallum is indistinct and you could be walking through lowland fields anywhere.
 * Carlisle obliterates the wall but has other attractions, places to stay and eat, and inter-city transport. Tullie Museum has the Roman exhibits. Approaching on the path from the east, switch to OS Landranger Map 85. The path is half a mile south of the wall, passing through hamlets such Low Crosby, Lipstock (where you bridge the M6) and Rickerby. The River Eden is notoriously flood-prone so after wet weather you may need to divert onto B6264.
 * Bowness-on-Solway is the west terminus of the wall. You'd only come for the sake of completing the trail, as there's virtually nothing except a faint vallum. Coming out of Carlisle, use OS Landranger Map 85, and you need to be south of the River Eden. The path hugs the riverbank then follows the modern lane via Burgh by Sands, Drumsburgh and Glasson. End of, and a bit of anti-climax.

Do

 * Hike as long or as short as you like. Best for an afternoon stroll is the section from Vindolanda west onto the scarp; for a longer hike continue to "Robin Hood's Tree". You can do the whole wall from Bowness-on-Solway to Wallsend or vice versa, but you ought to book your accommodation a couple of months in advance, which does mean committing to each day's distance come fair or foul weather. But the lowland western sections are frankly no great shakes, and there's better hiking elsewhere.
 * Moan about the cold to show solidarity. Squaddies are always mumping about something, so while their colleagues-in-arms in the Med groused about heat, dust and flies, this woeful lot complained about the cold. They'd been recruited from even colder regions, but endured long hours on sentry duty in the biting wind, with clothing and lodging on which every military expense had been spared. They wore sheepskin cloaks and boots, so muster resembled a mass parade of Uggs.
 * Squeak! Learn Latin with Minimus, a series of textbooks for primary-school children, based around Minimus the Mouse who scurries beneath the feet of a Vindolanda army family.

Eat & drink
This section, and "Sleep" below, only describes facilities close to the central section of the wall and path, and thus at some distance from the towns, which have much more.

 * Errington Coffee House is at the junction of B6318 and A68 north of Corbridge. It serves beer and wine but is no longer a pub. This junction was Portgate, where Roman Dere Street crossed the wall at Milecastle 22. You'll need to use your imagination.
 * Twice Brewed is a pub with rooms, next to the hostel at Once Brewed, handily enough.
 * Milecastle Inn is specifically by Milecastle 42 and Great Chesters Fort. They may have rooms.
 * Greenhead Tea Room is in Greenhead village.
 * Gilsland has Samson Inn and House of Meg cafe.

Sleep
As above, this only describes places a short walk from the central section of the wall, and excludes self-catering, which typically lets by the week.

 * Hadrian's Meadow is a pop-up campsite Jun-Aug 2021 a mile east of Chollerford or "Chesters Bridge" over the Tyne.
 * Hadrian Hotel is a mile south of Cholleford.
 *  George Hotel is at the bridge in Chollerford, junction of B6318 and B6320.
 *  Walwick Hall is a plush place with spa, a mile west of Chollerford.
 * Greencarts Farm has camping and a bunkhouse. It's quarter of a mile north of Black Carts Turret.
 * Carraw B&B is quarter of a mile west of the Mithras Temple.
 * Vallum Lodge is a B&B just west of Twice Brewed.
 * Winshield Farm a little further west has camping.
 * Hadrian's Wall Campsite is a large site 2 miles west of Twice Brewed.
 * Bridge House is a B&B opposite Milecastle Inn.
 * Herding Hill Farm has camping and caravan pitches. It's half a mile down the lane from Milecastle Inn, and there are more B&Bs further south towards Haltwhistle.
 * Holmhead Guest House is next to Thirlwall Castle.
 * Gilsland village two miles west of Greenhead has The Hollies on the Wall, Brookside Villa and Hill on the Wall B&Bs.
 * Holmhead Guest House is next to Thirlwall Castle.
 * Gilsland village two miles west of Greenhead has The Hollies on the Wall, Brookside Villa and Hill on the Wall B&Bs.

Stay safe
Beware traffic! B6318 has long straight sections, which tempt many visitors to drive their chariots well in excess of LX milia passuum per hora. Look out carefully as you stroll across for a photo, and keep hold of children and dogs.

Usual care of valuables, don't leave them visible in your car.

And dress for the weather and for rough or soggy conditions under foot.

Go next

 * Northumberland has a scenic coast once you get clear of the industrial and suburban sprawl north of Newcastle. The same hard rock that underpins the best of the wall creates outcrops on the coast with castles like Bamburgh and Dunstanburgh, fishing coves such as Craster, and the Farne islands and Lindisfarne.
 * Scotland only comes close to the wall near its west end: step over the wild frontier to see what frightened the Romans. At Gretna the invasion was all the other way, as English couples eloped to be married in the Reno of the north. And if Pictish spears weren't scary enough, there was the prospect of getting into a drinking contest with them: visit Dumfries for the poet Robert Burns' last years.
 *  The Antonine Wall was only a turf structure and ditch, crossing Scotland's waist between the Forth and the Clyde, so it was humble to begin with and has mostly been lost. Prominent earthworks remain around Falkirk, Kirkintilloch and Kilsyth. There isn't a long-distance trail, but the Forth and Clyde Canal runs close by and has a good towpath for cycling.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Hadrian's Wall


text:
Had Yao

Had Yao, is a long beach in Krabi Province. It is in Taling Chan, a farmland area in the Nuea Khlong District. It is one of the last untouched beaches in the province, although the accumulated trash on the beach belies that fact. Despite that, it has some great views of Jum Mountain and Ao Nang's cliff walls in the far distance.

Understand
The drive down from Neua Klong to Had Yao goes through some of Krabi's rural backwaters. Beautiful old wooden houses on stilts sit alongside the road, while goats and chickens scratch around for food. The villages—mostly Muslim—are interspersed with rice paddies, mangrove forests and prawn farms. This is longtail boat-building territory, too: some of the finest craftsmen in the region hail from this part of Krabi.

title: Had Yao


text:
Haenertsburg

Haenertsburg is a village in Mopani region of Limpopo.

Understand
Haenertsburg and the Magoebaskloof area around it is one of the most delightful places in Limpopo Province.

It's steeped in history and is known as "Capital of the Land of the Silver Mists". Magoebaskloof gets its name from King Makgoba who was beheaded by Swazi mercenaries acting for the Boers of the South African Republic, when he refused to pay their taxes.

Haenertsburg is named after Carl Ferdinand Haenert who was born near Erfurt in Germany. He came to South Africa in 1857 to hunt big game and fell in love with South Africa and never returned to Germany. He started prospecting for gold and in 1880 he made his discoveries in the Houtboschberg (Wolkberg & Woodbush area), which led to a small gold rush and the proclamations and the founding of the village in 1887.

title: Haenertsburg


text:
Hafjell

Hafjell is a ski resort in Gudbrandsdalen, 15 km (9 mi) north of Lillehammer. It is regularly rated as one of the best alpine resorts in Norway. The venue hosted slalom and giant slalom at the 1994 Winter Olympics. Hafjell is fine for families and children, and there are limited off-piste options. Hafjell is conveniently located on Norway's main road (E6) and the Oslo-Hamar-Trondheim railway line. The slopes and lifts offers a fine panorama of Gudbrandsdalen valley.

Get in
Norwegian State railways has frequent train arrivals to Lillehammer from Oslo. In addition, the train to Trondheim stop at Hunderfossen station located 3 km from Hafjell. There are buses from Oslo via Oslo Airport Gardermoen to Hafjell Ski Resort.

Get around
The ski bus runs between the hotels in Hafjell and Hunderfossen Winter Park, Hafjell Alpine Centre and Gaiastova. There are several departures on Saturdays and at Christmas, New Year, winter break and Easter. The ski bus in Hafjell is a free service funded by the tourism industry. Hafjell ski bus connects with several of the Winter bus service to and from Lillehammer

title: Hafjell


text:
Hafnarfjörður

Hafnarfjörður (literally, harbour fjord) is a town in Southwest Iceland with a population of 30,000. The town was built atop lava fields that erupted 12,000 years ago. Hafnarfjörður was first settled in the late 14th century, a long history as a town by Icelandic standards, although today it is considered a suburb of Reykjavík. Hafnarfjörður is the westernmost town in the contiguous urban area of the capital.

Understand
Hafnarfjörður is in many ways dominated by its neighbour Reykjavík. However, it is also a separate town with its own centre and independent town spirit. It forms a sort of second centre of gravity in the greater Reykjavík area (or the greater Hafnarfjörður area as some locals call it), with most of the suburbs having formed between these two towns. The name of the town means harbour-fjord and Hafnarfjörður has a large harbour, used both for imports, exports and fishing. It also has some of the most important industrial areas around the capital.

The old town of Hafnarfjörður is what most people come to see. Despite its growth and becoming part of the much larger capital area, Hafnarfjörður retains a village charm in its heart, with small wooden buildings and narrow winding streets. You get the feeling of a place where everybody knows their neighbours.

One of the things that has helped Hafnarfjörður retain this status is how the town is planned and built around nature. It sits in the middle of a lava field, and in many places the lava formations have remained untouched, giving the town a very organic feel to it. This is what gives Hafnarfjörður the nickname "the town in the lava," and it is also partly because of this that the town has become associated with legends of the Icelandic elves.

Get in
There are two main ways of reaching Iceland, by plane or by boat. Keflavík international airport is 39 km from Hafnarfjörður.

By plane

 * Flybus offers regular service from Keflavík Airport and it can stop in Hafnarfjörður if requested. The one-way trip takes 45 minutes and costs 2,800 kr. Tickets can be bought either at the airport or online.
 * Strætó operates buses from Keflavík International Airport. Route 55 operates between Hafnarfjörður and Keflavík Airport every 2 hours. One-way trip takes 76 minutes and costs 1,600 kr.

By bus
Strætó operates buses from North, West and South Iceland, stretching from Egilsstaðir in the east to Höfn in the south-east. The main terminal for Hafnarfjörður is Fjörður. Long-distance buses travel from Mjódd in Reykjavík. Strætó also operates buses to the Reykjanes peninsula including the town of Keflavík.

By car
Hafnarfjörður can be reached from Keflavík Airport by following road 41. It is about a 35-minute drive.

In order to get from other parts of the country to Hafnarfjörður, drive Road 1 to Reykjavík. Road 1 connects to all regions of the country, except the interior and the Westfjords. Once in Reykjavík turn into road 49 and turn left onto road 41.

By boat
Several cruise liners stop in Hafnarfjörður each summer, arriving close to the city centre.

Hafnarfjörður is not served by any ferries, but if you have an abundance of time it is possible to take the Smyril Line from Hirsthals in Denmark to Seyðisfjörður (a small town on the east of Iceland), via Tórshavn. This service is on the expensive side, and puts you on the other side of the country. From there, follow road 93 to Egilsstaðir and then turn into road 1. You will have a choice of taking an 658 km northern route or an 700-km southern route.

Get around
The centre of Hafnarfjörður isn't too big and it is easy to walk between the local attractions. Bus routes are available, with route 1 connecting the town with other towns in the capital area. Route 1 operates every 15–20 minutes. The main interchange is called Fjörður. Bus prices are 400 kr within the capital area.

See
Spend a day walking around in the old part of Hafnarfjörður. See the old houses and visit Hellisgerði, a popular public park where the natural lava formations of the area can be observed. In the park you can also find the only collection of Japanese bonsai trees in Iceland. As a part of your walking tour you can walk along the beach in the heart of the town. Five minutes away is a magnificent cliff from the top of which there is a view over the town. Hafnarfjörður has one of the only monasteries in Iceland and is home to a few museums.

Do
Hafnarfjörður has marketed itself well as the town of the Icelandic elves. This is understandable, given the local nature and the close proximity between human habitation and lava rocks. Several companies offer tours visiting the homes of the elves and listening to stories about them. The town is also becoming increasingly popular in December for its Christmas Village, open in the centre of town during weekends that month. People frequently come from Reykjavík and other towns in the Southwest to do some of their Christmas shopping.

There are several good options for outdoor activities around the edges of Hafnarfjörður. You can go hiking on the town mountain Helgafell or take a walk around the lake Hvaleyrarvatn. Íshestar offer horse riding tours from their stables on the outskirts of town.

Festivals
There are two annual festivals in Hafnarfjörður that can make for an interesting visit:

Geothermal pools
Hafnarfjörður has three swimming pools, two outdoors and one indoors:

Buy
Downtown Hafnarfjörður is well-known for its art galleries (such as ), boutiques (such as ), jewelry stores (such as ), and small galleries and shops.

During weekends in December, there is a in the centre with a market place and free live entertainment.

Eat
There are several nice restaurants in Hafnarfjörður.

Sleep
There are several hotels in Hafnarfjörður.

Stay safe
Safety concerns in Hafnarfjörður are mostly the same as in other towns and cities, but Hells Angels have set up base in Iceland - in Hafnarfjörður to be precise. Their headquarters are in an industrial area in the southwest of town, and although it's unlikely anything will happen to you if you're not involved in criminal activities yourself, it's a good idea to stay away.

Go next
Apart from getting on the next bus to Reykjavík, there are several options to get out from Hafnarfjörður. You could take the road south towards the lake Kleifarvatn and Krýsuvík, a geothermal area on the south coast of Reykjanes which in fact belongs to the municipality of Hafnarfjörður. You could also drive west on Reykjanesbraut towards Keflavík (about 20 minutes away) and the other towns on the Reykjanes peninsula, or even go on a trip to the Blue Lagoon.

title: Hafnarfjörður


text:
Haga Haga

The seaside village of Haga Haga is located on the Eastern Cape Wild Coast of South Africa and is about 60 km east of East London.

Farmers from the hinterland started the village in the early 1920s, when they acquired farms here for winter grazing. They would move their livestock and possessions by ox wagon down to the coast for 3 to 4 months each year. Haga Haga got its name from the Xhosa "Haka Haka", which means to "hook on", because to cross the beach they would have to hook one team of oxen to another.

Get in
On the N2 from East London, take the Kei mouth / Morgan's Bay turnoff at Mooiplaas and follow the R349 for 11km to the Haga Haga & Nyara Villages turnoff near the St. Anthony's store. From there it is another 13km along a gravel road which can be pot-holed and corrugated at times, but is never impassable.

Get around
There are no busses or taxis in Haga Haga.

See
Migrating shoals of sardines attract a frenzy of activity from gannets, seals, dolphins and predatory fish during the winter months, as they migrate up the Wild Coast. "Whale Point" is great place to do some dolphin and whale watching. Humpback and Southern Right Whales are often seen from the shore as they migrate from the Antarctic to the shores of South Africa to calve.

title: Haga Haga


text:
Hagen

Hagen is a city in the green: 42 percent of its area is covered by woods and forests, and four rivers meet on the city grounds: the rivers Ruhr, Lenne, Volme and Ennepe. It is one of 23 towns in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and is situated between the industrialized Ruhr area in the north and the rangy Sauerland in the south. In 2020, it was home to 189,000 people.

Understand
Hagen was of little significance until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, when the trip hammers provided the growing industry with products and led to a modest prosperity of the area. In the 19th century, Hagen became an important railway junction, and a traffic junction in the 20th century, with an urban population of 230,000 inhabitants at its peak in 1975. Hagen was hit by the steel and coal crisis of the late 20th century, and its peripheral position at the edge of the Ruhr area has led to a 20 percent reduction of population.
 * City council website

By plane
Dortmund airport 15 km north of Hagen is home of several low-cost airlines and serves mainly national and European travellers. If you are arriving from farther away, Düsseldorf (, Cologne-Bonn or Frankfurt Airport  may be options.

By train
Hagen's central station is the junction of nationwide Deutsche Bahn and regional railway lines with connections to most major cities. Service RE34 Dortmund - Witten - Siegen bypasses the central station and instead stops at, a suburban stop a few kilometres outside the city.

By car
Hagen is situated at the crossing of three main motorways, A1, A45 and A46.

Get around
Public transportation services are handled by the public transport operator Hagener Straßenbahn AG, which is part of the public transport association Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr (abbreviated VRR). Some people say, walking is the best.

See
Castles Museums

Do

 * Walking in the hills surrounding the city centre, with an excellent network of hiking trails.
 * Cycling along the rivers flowing through the city, and along the adjacent lakes of the Ruhr valley, like the.

Buy
There are two malls in the city, Volme Galerie and Rathaus Galerie.

Go next

 * Iserlohn
 * Wuppertal - famous for its suspension railway
 * Dortmund

title: Hagen


text:
Hagerstown

Hagerstown, nicknamed The Hub City, is a charming city on the edge of the Appalachian Mountains and near the Potomac River in northwestern Maryland, United States.

Understand
Hagerstown is the county seat of, and the largest city in, Washington County. The city is perhaps best known for its outlet mall, which offers a huge variety of clothing among other things. The community is named after Jonathan Hager, a German pioneer who settled the area in the mid-1700s. Hagerstown has an approximate city population of 40,000 and metropolitan population of 270,000 (2019).

By car
Hagerstown is only 75 minutes away from Washington, D.C., Baltimore, and Harrisburg. The main interstate highways running by the city are I-81 and I-70, each of which have multiple well-signed exits for Hagerstown and intersect southwest of the city. US 40 and US 11 run through the city and cross in central Hagerstown.

By bus
Atlantic Coast Charter Buses has stops in Hagerstown.

By plane
Alternatively, one can use Baltimore-Washington International Airport, Harrisburg International Airport , Washington National Airport , or Washington Dulles International Airport all of which are within  driving distance of Hagerstown.

Get around

 * Renting cars or driving to Hagerstown is advised because only the downtown area is walkable. Walking downtown, however, is safe and charming.
 * For a taxi you could call Miller Cabs, Turner Vans, or hail Downtown Taxi cabs on the streets in downtown.
 * County Commuter buses are effective and go to all points in Hagerstown and Washington County.

See

Aside from simply admiring the ubiquitous vistas of the Appalachian Mountains, you might also want to see:

Do

 * The city is a focal point for mountain bikers, fishermen, canoeists and hunters interested in the plentiful outdoor recreational opportunities in the area. The Appalachian Trail and the Chesapeake and Ohio (C & O) Canal Towpath are close by.

Buy
Hagerstown has multiple lifestyle/power centers with big-box stores, plazas, and 2 major malls:

Eat
Hagerstown dining includes international flavors as well as landmark American establishments. Many restaurants can be found downtown, on and around US 40, in the North End, and near the Valley Mall. Typical chain restaurants are also abound, particularly along US 40 and around the main retail areas.

Drink
Most drinking establishments in Hagerstown are found in the downtown area, but some are located in suburban areas including and near strip shopping centers.

Sleep
Most hotels and motels in Hagerstown are located in proximity to exits along Interstate 70 and Interstate 81. Others, including full-scale hotels, are clustered along Route 40.

Go next

 * Whitetail Resort has alpine skiing on 16 trails, just across the state line in nearby Mercersburg in southern Pennsylvania.
 * You could drive from Hagerstown to Antietam National Battlefield, Fort Frederick State Park, or the Chesapeake & Ohio (C & O) Canal National Historical Park.
 * The Appalachian Trail offers walking paths and breathtaking scenery from atop South Mountain.
 * If you want more scenery you could cross the Potomac River into West Virginia or tour nearby smaller towns like Sharpsburg, Boonsboro, or Smithsburg.
 * Neighboring cities include Frederick and Cumberland in Maryland, Martinsburg in West Virginia, and Chambersburg in Pennsylvania.
 * Nearby big cities Washington, D.C. and Baltimore are good day-trips from Hagerstown. In fact, many tourists to those cities stay the night in Hagerstown for cheaper lodging rates and to add a few local historic and retail spots to their itinerary.

title: Hagerstown


text:
Hagfors

Hagfors is a city in Värmland in Sweden, about 100 km north of Karlstad.

The community (including the rural areas around Hagfors) is spread across 1,833 km², and has a population of about 13,000.

Hagfors has a beautiful nature with lot of water and plenty of forest. The landscape is characterized by larger and smaller lakes with rolling hills around. The iron industry has been and still is important for Hagfors. Tourism is growing and many activities are offered for visitors.

Get in
Besides the general travel information presented in Värmland site, there are flight from Stockholm to Hagfors and Torsby.

Get around
Hagfors is connected via the bike road Klarälvsbanan to Karlstad. In Hagfors, all sites can be walked to. Travel by bus to touristic destinations requires most often foot walks (and a map) since destinations are a bit further away from the main roads. The easiest way of travel is by car.

See

 * Klarhälja is a festival which is arranged annually in beginning of July. It presents many traditional handicrafts as they were performed in the early 20th century. It takes place on a homestead museum, so that many types of old houses are displayed at the same time.
 * Moose safaris are arranged by several organizers.
 * Industrial museums are in Stjärnfors kvarn and Hamra vadmalsstamp

Do

 * Hiking in beautiful landscape.
 * Swimming in lakes and rivers, or in Swimming hall in Hagfors
 * Fishing: You need to buy a fishing license.
 * Horse-back riding
 * Bicycle rents available
 * Paddling: Several places rent kayaks and canoes.
 * Rent a draisine and go back and forth between Stjärnfors to Hagfors
 * Build a raft and use it for travel in Klarälven.
 * Husky-tour and Moose safaris
 * Skiing, good opportunities for both cross-country and downhill skiing -if there is snow..

Buy

 * Gustafssons skafferi in Höje  is a  traditional store which offers ecological products and ecological bread fresh from the oven.
 * Stjärnfors Smedja  is offering candle holders of iron, among other things

Connect

 * Touristoffice in Hagfors
 * Wildmark Värmland
 * LEWA ]
 * Lakene Gård

title: Hagfors


text:
Hagi

Hagi (萩市 Hagi-shi) is one of Japan's most beautiful castle towns, with many old streets and residences that have survived untouched in this town of 50,000 people (2016).

Understand
The first castle in Hagi was built by the Yoshimi clan. But it was not until 1608 when the Mori clan, exiled here after a humiliating defeat by the Tokugawa shogunate, built their massive, imposing castle at the foot of Mt. Shizuki. The Mori clan transferred the capital of the Choshu Domain (Choshu-han) from Hiroshima to Hagi at the same time, where it remained the political center of the region for over 250 years.

In the middle of the 19th century, the Choshu allied with the Satsuma Domain to deliver some long-awaited payback, toppling the Tokugawa shogunate and thereby spurring the Meiji Restoration — and, with it, the modernizing of feudal Japan. Many Meiji statesmen were born and raised in Hagi, such as Hirobumi Ito, the first Japanese prime minister. In 2015, 5 sites in Hagi were registered as World Heritage Sites as part of the Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution; Hagi Castle Town (the castle ruins and historic districts), Shokasonjuku Academy, Ohitayama-tatara Iron-Smelting Works, Ebisugahana Shipyard, and Hagi Reverberatory Furnace.

Tourist information

 * The city's sightseeing association has a multilingual guide site with a lot of nice photos.

By train

The closest Shinkansen station is Shin-Yamaguchi. Many Hikari and a few Nozomi trains stop there. The train link to Hagi from here is about 3 hours by limited express, but you can cut that in half by taking "Hagi-go" (はぎ号) bus to Hagi. It's run by Chugoku JR Bus.

If you want to take the train the full distance to Hagi, you'll want to take the Shinkansen to Asa station. Asa is only serviced by Kodama trains, and it is two stops from Shin-Yamaguchi and also two stops from Kokura, which is much more well serviced. From Asa take the Mine line to Nagatoshi (1 hour). Then take the San'in Line to Higashi-Hagi Station (half hour). You need to be careful to plan the connections well (both trains average about once every two hours), but if you do, this is about the same time as the bus from Shin-Yamaguchi.

If you like coastal scenery, you could also take the San'in line all the way from Shimonoseki, but this adds another hour.

The San'in Main Line runs around Hagi's main island. There are three stops in town: JR Higashi-Hagi Station (東萩駅), across the Matsumoto River to the east of the city center; JR Hagi Station (萩駅), a long walk to the south of the city center; and JR Tamae Station (玉江駅), a short walk south of the castle ruins and Mt. Shizuki.

Local rural trains are not particularly comfortable nor do they have air conditioning. On the other hand, people that have trouble with motion sickness will have problems with the winding mountain highways, especially the way they are driven by these buses.

Get around
The city center is on a delta between the Hashimoto River and the Matsumoto River. If you decide to walk, you're joining a long tradition — Hagi-Ōkan (萩往還), which connects Hagi and Yamaguchi City, was an important route during the Edo period, traveled frequently by merchants and samurai. It's now a popular trail for history-minded tourists.

By bus
The Junkan Maaru Bus (萩循環まぁーるバス) runs 07:00-19:00 to almost all of the tourist sights. There are stops throughout town, but the two routes — blue and red — cross paths at a few points, including the Hagi Bus Center in the center of town. There are departures every half-hour or so. Rides of any length cost only ¥100, or ¥500/700 for one/two day pass.

The blue buses cover the north, west, and northwest parts of the city, including JR Tamae Station, the castle ruins, and the Horiuchi, Jokamachi, and Teramachi areas. The red buses cover the south and northeast, including JR Higashi-Hagi Station, Daisho-in, and sites further out such as Kasayama and the Reverberating Furnace.

By bicycle
Most of the major sights can be easily reached by bicycle. You can rent one at several places around town, such as JR Higashi-Hagi Station and Hagi Castle.

Castle Town
Keep an eye out for "bent key" (kaimagari 鍵曲) paths while wandering through the castle town. These sharp right angles were designed to confuse enemies and make it easy for warriors who knew the terrain to corner them, so adjust your invasions accordingly.

Horiuchi Area
The Horiuchi area (堀内), just southeast of Shizuki Park, was a residential section for wealthy merchants and the samurai elite. Many old houses, temples, and shrines remain in good condition, with virtually no modern structures among them. Just to the east of Horiuchi, the Jokamachi area also has several interesting old houses that are open to the public.

Continuing east from Jokamachi, the Teramachi area features a cluster of old temples that were intended to double as barracks in case of enemy attack. Among the notables is Jonen-ji, whose carved front gate was transported from Kyoto by the Mori clan.

Hiyako area
In the southwestern part of the city is the Hiyako area (平安古), which features a few museums of interest and more old houses that are open to tourists, such as that of Giichi Tanaka, another former Prime Minister.

Hamasaki area
Hamasaki is one of the Hagi's designated historic districts. Hamasaki was established as the local port and is one of Hagi's designated historic districts for the number of buildings that remain today.

Shoin Shrine area
This area is a few minutes southeast of JR Higashi-Hagi Station, across the Matsumoto River from the city center.

Others

Do
Amidst all of the old samurai atmosphere, don't forget that Hagi is on the Sea of Japan — there's swimming to be done. Try Kikugahama, a popular beach to the east of Mt. Shizuki and north of the city center.

Buy
A handful of souvenir shops can be found near the castle.

Eat
Kenran Beef (見蘭牛) is a local specialty. It has a fatty, marbled texture and tenderness. Most hotels will have it on their dinner menu. Hagi is also a great place for fresh seafood, particularly sea urchin and squid.

Drink
Cyonmage beer (チョンマゲビール) is a local brew. Hagi also has a few traditional sake factories, with bottles available at souvenir shops.

Sleep
If you're planning to splurge on a traditional Japanese inn, Hagi is a great place to do it; the art of the ryokan is taken seriously here, and the atmospheric old quarters are well worth an early morning or late evening stroll. The local ryokan association has a booking desk at the Hagi Bus Center (09:00-17:30, ).

Go next

 * Nagato
 * Akiyoshidai
 * Yamaguchi - the capital city in medieval times
 * Abu - Counted among "The Most Beautiful Villages in Japan" list
 * Tsuwano - castle town with impressive red roofs
 * Masuda
 * Hamada
 * Gotsu
 * Oda - Home to Iwami Ginzan, another World Heritage Site in the area

title: Hagi


text:
Hahira

Hahira is a city in Lowndes County, Georgia.

Get in
On US 75 take Exit 29 then head east.

Get around
Main St. is GA 122. Church St is old US 41 / GA 7.

Do
The Hahira Honeybee Festival is the first weekend in October. http://www.hahirahoneybeefestivalinc.com/

Connect

 * The local area code is 229 and is not required for local calls.

Go next

 * Lakeland, Georgia. (About 1/2 hour East)
 * Adel, Georgia. (About 15 minutes North)
 * Valdosta, Georgia. (About 20 minutes South)
 * Thomasville, Georgia. (About 1 hour West)

title: Hahira


text:
Hahn

Hahn is a hamlet in Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, best known for its international airport served by budget carriers. Though the airport is advertised as a way to get to Frankfurt, Hahn is actually about halfway between Frankfurt and Luxembourg—over from each.

Understand
Hahn is in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, about west of Frankfurt. The village of Hahn is somewhat overshadowed by its airport, Frankfurt-Hahn, used by many budget flights as an entry point to the region. The village is not easily reached from the airport by foot, since it is on the other side of the runway from the terminal. The hamlet next to the terminal building is Lautzenhausen.

While Hahn's main claim to fame is indeed the airport, its name is also somewhat funny to people who speak German, as Hahn is the German word for a rooster. Sadly unlike the towns of Dull and Boring, there are no efforts as of 2017 to have a town twinning with Chicken, Alaska.

By bus
The official website of the airport keeps track of the buses. Click on the city name and you will get a pop up window with the line that serves the said connection.

As of September 2023, the airport can be reached with the following long-distance bus and regional lines:

 * Flibco to Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt Airport and Mainz. Several times a day.
 * Intermezzo lines to Saarbrücken and Saarlouis. 0-3 departures per day.
 * Line 615 to Koblenz (transfer to regional and long-distance trains). Every 2 hours during the day. In order to operate there are two rides of the day for which you need to call a phone number: The earliest ride arriving at 4:38am at the airport and for the latest ride departing 00:37am from the airport. The phone number is +49261/9846140 and must be called until 10pm the day before.
 * Line 660 to Simmern
 * Line 750 to Bullay (transfer to regional trains). About every 2 hours during the day.

The last three mentioned can be used with the Deutschlandticket.

It is recommended to book the ticket for Flibco in advance online. The bus from Frankfurt Airport can be full (as it goes from the centre of Frankfurt and makes a stop at Frankfurt Airport Terminal 1), especially when time is close to popular Ryanair flights to Italy.

Allow plenty of time if going from Frankfurt airport to Hahn airport for a connecting flight. Frankfurt's main airport and Frankfurt - Hahn are 2 hours apart.

By car
Hahn is located along the B-327, a short distance from the B-50/E-42 between Bernkastel-Kues and Kirchberg; a 30-km, 20-minute drive from the Rheinböllen junction of the A61.

With a good quality road from the A61, Hahn can be easier to reach from many parts of Germany than Frankfurt Airport, as there is less chance of major traffic congestion. There can be issues in the winter as, due to its position in the Hunsrück, there can be heavy snowfalls.

If you are just picking up or dropping off someone at the airport there is a covered parking area near the airport terminal at €4 an hour and an open one that is 5 minutes free. For long stay prices range from €39 to €59 a week. It is a little bit of a walk up hill from P2 and quite a hike from P3. P4 is further away and a little more expensive but has a shuttle bus to and from the terminal. In the winter make sure you are dressed for a walk outside and have snow and ice scrapers in the car and if you are fortunate to have one, program you car heater for just before your return.

By train
Traben-Trarbach is 9 km away and has a train station which allows for easy access to the rest of Germany. The reactivation of the railway line that used to connect to Hahn has been put off repeatedly and may well never come to fruition.

Get around
Both the airport and the hamlet of Hahn are small enough to allow you to walk everywhere.

See
There is an outside observation area on the first floor of the main terminal for plane spotters and those wanting to see people arriving across the apron.

Eat
The airport has a number of fast-food options plus a reasonable restaurant land side. For better selection of restaurants the nearby village of Sohren has a few more options.

Drink
No liquids may be carried past security control in containers larger than 100 ml, so your options are either to bring in an empty bottle or buy drinks airside. There are two convenience-goods kiosks selling drinks (inter alia), two cafes, a bakery and a McDonald's at the airport.

Go next

 * Bacharach in the Rhine Gorge, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is less than drive.
 * Mainz the historic city and state capital of Rhineland-Palatinate.
 * Trier the oldest city in Germany with a number of Roman remains, in the Moselle Valley.
 * Deutsches Eck, Koblenz where the Mosel River meets the Rhine River.
 * Kröv, 27 km (30 minutes driving) away, is the site of the grave of Baldur von Schirach, head of the Hitler Youth from 1931 to 1940.

title: Hahn


text:
Haida Gwaii

Haida Gwaii (Islands of the People), previously known as the Queen Charlotte Islands, and before that as "Xhaaidlagha Gwaayaai" or “Islands at the Boundary of the World," are in British Columbia, Canada. Though the archipelago comprises over 150 islands, the two largest, Graham and Moresby, dominate the visitor's itinerary.

Settlements

 * — neighbouring settlements of Daajing Giids (formerly Queen Charlotte) and Skidegate; the arrival point for ferries from the Mainland, and main tourist centre
 * — the main settlement at the north end of the islands, and the site of three ancient Haida villages
 * — the main jumping off point for those flying in from Vancouver and for those wanting to explore Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve

Other destinations

 * — the remains of a Haida village on the eastern side of the island represent an outstanding example of a traditional Northwest Coast First Nations village site
 * — nearly 70,000 ha of lush rainforest and sandy beaches

Understand
This is a remote area where there are few big chain stores or high end amenities. Do not expect grand resorts choked with tourists. The Haida House resort owned by the Haida is on the Tlell River, and there are B&Bs, cabins, and motels that offer accommodations. Some of the reasons to come to the islands are to explore the outdoors as there are numerous options for hiking, hunting, beachcombing, kayaking, and fishing. Other visitors enjoy the many artisan galleries that can be found. The Haida Gwaii have been called “The Misty Islands”, referring to the moist, mild climate, and to the mystique of its inhabitants, the Haida Nation. The Haida have a highly developed seafaring culture and had a reputation for adventure, 20-metre dugout canoes, fascinating ceremonies and ferocious exploits. The art of the Haida Nation is famous throughout the world. Majestic and intriguing cedar totem poles and carvings, argillite statuary and intricately designed woven baskets and hats of spruce root were once representations of a clan’s wealth and prestige. These and many items were frequently given away at potlatches to help cement the socially complex kinship system.

In 1787 Captain George Dixon surveyed the islands. He named the islands the Queen Charlotte Islands after his ship, the Queen Charlotte, which was named after Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, wife of King George III of the United Kingdom.

In 2010, the BC government renamed the Queen Charlotte Islands "Haida Gwaii", meaning "islands of the people".

History
Haida Gwaii is considered by archaeologists as a possibility for a Pacific coastal route taken by the first humans migrating to the Americas from the Bering Strait. At this time Haida Gwaii was likely not an island, but connected to Vancouver Island and the mainland via the now-submerged continental shelf.

It is unclear how people arrived on Haida Gwaii, but archaeological sites have established human habitation on the islands as far back as 13,000 years ago. Populations that had inhabited Beringia expanded into northern North America after the Last Glacial Maximum. Underwater stone structures discovered in 2014 on the seabed of Hecate Strait may date back 13,700 or more years, and be the earliest known signs of human habitation in Canada.

The group of people inhabiting these islands developed a culture made rich by the abundance of the land and sea. These people became the Haida. The Haida were a matriarchal society – the women made the decisions prior to European discovery. The Haida are a linguistically distinct group, and they have a complex class and rank system consisting of two main clans: Eagles and Ravens. Diversity within the Haida Nation was gained through a cross-lineal marriage system between the clans. This system was also important for the transfer of wealth within the nation, with each clan reliant on the other for the building of longhouses, the carving of totem poles and other items of cultural importance. Noted seafarers, the Haida occupied more than 100 villages throughout the islands. The Haida were skilled traders, with established trade links with their neighbouring First Nations on the mainland to California.

The archipelago was discovered by Europeans in 1774 by Juan Pérez, at Langara Island, and in 1778 by James Cook. In 1794, the Haida captured and sank a pair of European vessels, Ino and Resolution, that were seeking to trade for sea otter pelts. Most of the ships' crew were killed. In 1851, the Haida captured the Georgiana, a ship carrying gold prospectors, and held its crew for ransom for nearly two months.

The islands played an important role during the maritime fur trade era of the late 18th and early 19th centuries. During most of that era the trade in the islands was dominated by Americans. The Oregon Treaty of 1846 put an end to American claims to the islands. Following the discovery of gold in the 1850s the British made efforts to exclude whatever American territorial claims might remain.

Flora and fauna
The islands are home to the Ta'an Forest, with a wide variety of large endemic trees, including the Sitka spruce, western red cedar, yellow cedar (Nootka cypress), shore pine, western hemlock, mountain hemlock, and red alder.

Soils are variable. Peat is common in poorly drained flats and even on sloping ground in the wetter areas. Kiidk'yaas (Golden Spruce), a naturally occurring genetic-variant yellow-colour Sitka spruce tree, was near the Yakoun River, the largest on Graham Island. It was a popular tourist attraction until it was illegally cut down in 1997 as a protest against the industrial logging practices.

From the spring of 1996 until November 30, 1997 a popular attraction for tourists to the islands was the male albino 'White Raven'. He lived around Port Clements and would commonly be seen taking food handouts from locals and visitors alike. He died after making contact with an electrical transformer. The White Raven was preserved by former Port Clements residents, taxidermists Roger Britten Sr. and Jr., and is on display in the Port Clements Historical Society's museum.

Climate
The climate of this temperate northern hemisphere forested region, like that of much of the British Columbia and Alaskan coast in the area, is moderated by the North Pacific Current, with heavy rainfall and relatively mild temperatures throughout the year.

In the relatively shielded areas around Tlell and Sandspit annual rainfall averages from 1,200 millimetres (47 in) to 1,400 millimetres (55 in). Snowfall is generally moderate, averaging from 10 cm (4 in) to 70 cm (28 in), though at northerly Langara Island it averages around 100 cm (40 in).

Precipitation is typically extremely frequent, occurring on around two-thirds of all days even in relatively shielded areas, and direct sunlight is scarce, averaging around 3 to 4 hours per day.

Talk
The official language is English. Some Haida words have entered the lexicon.

Airports within this region with scheduled commercial flights

 * Masset - daily flights from Vancouver operated by Pacific Coastal Airlines
 * Sandspit . daily flights from Vancouver operated by Air Canada flies into Sandspit from Vancouver

By ferry

 * Vehicle ferry from Prince Rupert ferry terminal (7 to 8 hours crossing) on the North Coast, departing once per day 4 to 6 days per week. Some of these crossings may travel overnight.
 * Vehicle ferry from Prince Rupert ferry terminal (7 to 8 hours crossing) on the North Coast, departing once per day 4 to 6 days per week. Some of these crossings may travel overnight.
 * Vehicle ferry from Prince Rupert ferry terminal (7 to 8 hours crossing) on the North Coast, departing once per day 4 to 6 days per week. Some of these crossings may travel overnight.

Some travelers may wish to take the scenic Inside Passage route from Port Hardy in North Vancouver Island. This is a 2-day trip, departing from Port Hardy, sailing 16 to 22 hours up the scenic coast of British Columbia to Prince Rupert. From Prince Rupert you will catch a second ferry to the Haida Gwaii. Reservations are strongly recommended as space is limited and the summer months are busy.

By boat

 * Operates vehicle ferries between Graham Island (Skidegate) ferry terminal and ferry terminal, crossing in 20 minutes. Ferries depart every 1 to 2 hours.
 * Operates vehicle ferries between Graham Island (Skidegate) ferry terminal and ferry terminal, crossing in 20 minutes. Ferries depart every 1 to 2 hours.

By car
The islands have developed highway infrastructure, and the Yellowhead Highway (Highway 16) travels from Skidegate to Masset on Graham Island. There are also numerous vehicle rental companies on island, and most communities have their own taxi services. If these options don't work for you, try sticking out your thumb. Hitch hiking isn't uncommon here.

See

 * The Haida Heritage Centre in Skidegate is the premier cultural centre and museum of the Haida people and described as "a place for the Haida voice to be heard."

Do
Haida Gwaii is the site of some excellent sport fishing opportunities. Salmon weighing over and halibut ranging to over 100 lb are routinely caught. There are also many hiking trails throughout the Islands, with most being easily accessible. The Visitor Centres on Island have information and maps for such activities. Visitor Centres can be found in Sandspit, Queen Charlotte, and Masset.

Eat
Traditional seafood, such as salmon, halibut, herring roe on kelp, razor clams, and seaweed. Herring roe on kelp, called "k’aaw," is among the most highly valued foods in the Haida community.

Stay safe
A lot of great beaches, lakes, and camping grounds can be accessed via logging roads. As they are active, visitors are strongly recommended to check road access at a local visitors centre.

title: Haida Gwaii


text:
Haifa

Haifa (Hebrew חֵיפָה Heifa; Arabic حَيْفَا Ḥayfā) is the third largest city in Israel and the largest city in the north of the country with a population of 282,000 (2021). The city is located on Israel's Mediterranean shoreline, on Mount Carmel and at its foot.

Haifa is the second holiest city in the Baha'i Faith. The Bahá'í sites in Haifa were declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2008 and serve as one of the city's leading tourist sites.

Understand
Haifa is an important transportation, industrial and cultural center and one of Israel's most important maritime trade centers.

Haifa is home to Jews, Muslim and Christian Arabs, as well as small communities of Ahmadis (in Kababir), Druze (in nearby Isfiya and Daliyat al-Karmel), Bahá'ís, and others. Haifa is characterised as a mosaic of peaceful coexistence between the communities. It is also the second-holiest city in the Bahai faith.

The phrase "Haifa works, Jerusalem prays, and Tel Aviv plays" refers to Haifa's reputation as a city of workers. A generation ago Haifa's image was that of a serious—and somewhat dull—labor city because of its factories and port. It still has an industrial area to its north, where one of Israel's two oil refineries is located. But it also has a world-class high-tech strip in its south, in the "Matam" technology park along the beach. The park includes blue-chip tech firms such as Intel, Philips, Microsoft, and Google as well as some of Israel's largest tech firms, Elbit, Zoran, and Amdocs. IBM has an R&D center on the top of Mount Carmel at Haifa University and HP has a lab at the Technion, Israel's leading technological university.

History
Haifa is first mentioned historically around the 3rd century CE as a small town near Shikmona, the main Jewish town in the area at that time and a center for making the traditional Tekhelet dye used for Jewish Priests' temple cloth. The archaeological site of Shikmona lies southwest of the modern Bat Galim neighborhood. The Byzantines ruled there until the 7th century, when the city was conquered first by the Persians, then by the Arabs. In 1100, it was conquered again by the Crusaders after a fierce battle with its Jewish and Muslim inhabitants. Under Crusader rule, the city was a part of the Principality of Galilee until the Muslim Mameluks captured it in 1265.

In 1761 Daher El-Omar, Bedouin ruler of Acre and Galilee, destroyed and rebuilt the town in a new location, surrounding it with a thin wall. This event is marked as the beginning of the town's modern era. After El-Omar's death in 1775, the town was under Ottoman rule until 1918, except for two brief periods. In the years following, Haifa grew in terms of traffic, population and importance, as Akko suffered a decline. The development of Haifa increased further with the arrival of members of the German Protestant Temple Society in 1868, who settled a modern neighbourhood near the city, now known as the "German Colony". The Templers greatly contributed to the town's commerce and industry, playing an important role in its modernization.

By the beginning of the 20th century, Haifa had emerged as an industrial port city and growing population center, reflected by the establishment of facilities like the Hejaz railway and Technion. At that time Haifa District was home to approximately 20,000 inhabitants, comprised of 82% Muslim Arab, 14% Christian Arab, and 4% Jewish residents. The Jewish population increased steadily with immigration (Aliyah) primarily from Europe, and by 1945 the population had shifted to 38% Muslim, 13% Christian and 47% Jewish.

By train
Haifa is well connected to Tel Aviv, Akko (Acre), Beer Sheva, Nahariyya and the Ben Gurion International Airport by a train line operated by Israel Railways. The trip takes a little over an hour and during peak hours there are as many as 3-4 services hourly. An easy connection in Tel Aviv brings you to almost any station in Israel.

A less-frequent line connects Haifa to Beit Shean via Afula and Jezreel Valley, it takes an hour.

There are six train stations in Haifa, three of which are open 24 hours excluding the Sabbath (Friday night & Saturday daytime):

Two other more distant stations are probably irrelevant to your trip:

By car
From the south, route 2 is the coastal highway which links Haifa with Tel Aviv. This journey takes up to one and a half hours. Route 6, the inland toll road, is a bit quicker for accessing eastern parts of Haifa.

Other more minor roads link Haifa to the East and North, although chances are, if you're up there, you've come close to or past Haifa to get there in the first place.

By bus or sherut
You can take buses from Tel Aviv (910), Jerusalem (940, 960), Ben Gurion International Airport (947), Afula (301) or almost any city in the region to Haifa. During the Sabbath, you'll have to resort to a shared taxi (sherut), most of which leave from near Tel Aviv's Central Bus Station.

The train is more comfortable and convenient than the 910 bus, except on Friday afternoons when the train stops running several hours before the bus, and you are forced to take the 910. For Jerusalem, you should take the 940/960 bus, but if you missed the last one, get to Tel Aviv and take a bus/train from there to Haifa.

Don't take the 947 bus from Jerusalem! It is extremely slow and makes numerous stops, so you will arrive late and carsick. Better to wait even an hour for the 940/960. It is OK to take the 947 from Netanya or Raanana to Haifa, as this skips the slowest part of the route.

From Haifa (the Hadar neighborhood, i.e. the uphill part of downtown), other sherut lines provide cheap frequent service between here and the cities of Akko, Nahariyya, and Karmiel, as well as to various neighborhoods and suburbs of Haifa. They generally follow the routes of the bus lines.

Haifa has two main bus terminals where passengers can switch between intercity buses to the local routes: Each bus station is next to a train station bearing a similar name.

To get to and from the bus terminals you will have to take "Metronit" (BRT) for ₪5.90. Thus, it might be cheaper to take the train, at least from nearby cities, e.g. Akko.

Get around
For more information check: Public transit in Israel.

Acquiring Rav Kav or paying through the Moovit app are the best ways to get tickets.

While Israeli manners may be rougher than in some other countries, they are also more likely to actually help you, with several people debating the best route for you.

By bus
Haifa's local bus system includes three "Metronit" (BRT) routes, and a lot of "normal" routes.

Buses in Haifa run regularly between 05:00 and 00:00. Unlike most cities in Israel, local buses (but not the Carmelit subway) run on the Sabbath (Friday afternoon to Saturday evening) and Jewish holidays; however, they only operate minimal and highly infrequent services during these hours. The "sherut" (taxi van with fixed routes and prices) lines also run on Saturdays in parallel with some bus routes, and are much more frequent.

A night bus route runs from 00:00 to 05:00 and on Fridays and Saturdays from 22:30 to 05:00. During the peak period (summertime) this route runs every night, but in the off-peak season it only runs on Thursday, Friday, and Saturday nights.

Bus route 37/37a is particularly useful. It serves Bat Galim, the German Colony, Downtown, Hadar, Carmel and Horev centers, and Haifa University so you will probably use it a lot.

Metronit
Some buses operated by Superbus are branded "metronit" and thus marketed as a "bus rapid transit" system. The Metronit system consists of three lines (blue, red and green) and some of the buses are bi-articulated.

By subway
Haifa has a subway: the Carmelit funicular, which is the only subway in Israel. It is useful for getting up or down the mountain from downtown, but it only covers a small part of Haifa. If you need to go further, you can buy a ticket which includes a transfer to a bus for the remainder of your journey, though it's probably more convenient to just take a bus the whole way. However, the Carmelit is worth taking for fun, to see its weird angled structure (steps in the stations and train cars, made necessary by the steepness of the mountain). The Carmelit has few riders, so you'll always find a seat.

The Carmelit has six stations listed here as they go downhill:
 * Carmel Center — in the Carmel Center, adjacent to the Haifa Zoo, the Louis Promenade (with a beautiful view of the Haifa Bay, the Haifa Auditorium and Cinematheque, and many shops and hotels.
 * Golomb — in Golomb street, near the Bnei Zion (formerly known as Rothschild) Hospital and the Bahá'í World Centre (see below).
 * Massada — Upper Hadar HaCarmel, home to an up-and-coming artists' neighbourhood with many antique shops, second-hand book stores, bars and coffee shops. Also not far from Nordau Street, a pedestrian mall which has seen its better days. Close to the National Science Museum.
 * HaNevi'im — near HaNevi'im, Herzl and HaHalutz streets, and their shops, offices. Close to the Haifa Museum of Art and Wadi Nisnas pedestrian area.
 * Hadar - City Hall — near Ha'atzmaut park, and the Haifa city hall.
 * Downtown — in Paris Square at the downtown area. Near government buildings and courthouse, Ha'atzmaut street, walking distance to Haifa Merkaz train station and Haifa port.

By boat
There is a variety of cruise options from the Port of Haifa, departures and arrival back to Haifa Port. Those cruises are marketed by Mano Cruise, which offer cruises in the Mediterranean and mainly to Greece, Cyprus, Greek Islands, Italy and so forth.

By taxi
Yango and Gett ride-hailing services are available.

By cable car
Thanks to Haifa's unique terrain, cable cars in the city are tourist attractions as they are public transportation.

See
Haifa is largely a modern city.

Buy
Haifa's mountainous location makes it generally unfriendly for the pedestrian. Therefore shopping avenues are less common than in other cities, though there are a few, such as the Hadar area and the Carmel Centre.

In the old downtown (city center), in a flat area close to the seaport, there are inexpensive shops.

Shopping malls
Haifa has many shopping malls, including:

Markets
Market=shouq, in Hebrew

Eat
Haifa is not a gourmet center like greater Tel Aviv, but it still has plenty to offer.

Falafel and other street food. Some good falafel can be found in: Falafel Michel and Falafel HaZkenim, both in the Wadi Nisnas area; Falafel HaNasi (locations in the Carmel Center and Horev Center); and at Paris Square, the lowest Carmelit station. Wadi Nisnas has many restaurants and food stalls for shawarma, falafel, and Middle Eastern sweets like baklava and knafe.

There is a huge concentration of falafel and shawarma stands downtown on Yafo Street, near the old Bat Galim Central Bus Terminal building (about 400 m from it). The food is cheap and authentic (about ₪10-15 for a falafel, and around ₪20-22 for a shawarma in a pita).

Another cheap street food is the Bureka—a Turkish phyllo dough, filled pastry—which is almost as common as falafel. Price is also cheap, and it usually comes filled with cheese, potatoes, spinach and feta, or meat.

Further up the food chain are the Middle Eastern/Arabic restaurants. Most are located downtown: Abu-Yousef (there are two with no relation), Hummus Faraj, Hummus Abu-Shaker (on HaMeginim St.), Abu Maroun (in the flea market), Matza (a good place 10 minutes walking distance from the shopping mall "Grand Canyon"). They are all famous for their high quality hummus (which is regarded as the "best of the best" in Israel). Expect to pay ₪50-80 per person for a complete meal.

There are several Romanian-style restaurants; in actuality this is a hybrid of Middle Eastern and Romanian cuisine. Most are located downtown: Ma'ayan HaBira (beer fountain), Cafe (coffee) Glida (icecream) Younek. Expect to pay ₪50-100 per person for a meal.

Restaurant and cafe clusters
Moriah Avenue, along the length of this street from the Carmel Center in the north, to the Horev center (shopping mall) in the south. Some good places alongside this 3 km stretch include: You can find good food in the local bars around Moriah Avenue, for example: the Duke, Brown, Barbarosa. Good traditional restaurant is Ma'ayan Habira, where home style dishes are served.
 * Charliebar (meat, seafood, hamburgers)
 * Sinta-bar (meat)
 * El Gaucho (steaks, kosher)
 * Meat In and Out (steaks)
 * Canibar (hamburgers)
 * Agadir (hamburgers)
 * Lechem Erez
 * Giraffe (Asian fusion)
 * HaBank (cafe with good food)
 * Pasta Carolla
 * Isabella Bar
 * Shipudei HaTikvah (traditional meats and salads, kosher)
 * Pomodoro (pizza and pasta, kosher)
 * Jacko - one of the best fish and seafood restaurants (on Moriah Street and downtown near Natanson Street). It was a working-class restaurant until it became famous, and increased its prices a bit (₪80-120 per person).
 * Japanika (reasonably-priced sushi, Fridays: reservations advised)
 * Greg (cafe restaurant)
 * Mandarin (cafe)
 * Voila (Swiss-French)
 * Greg (cafe restaurant)
 * Mandarin (cafe)
 * Voila (Swiss-French)

Ben-Gurion Avenue, below the Bahai Gardens, connecting the gardens to the port area. This is a trendy area, with some good restaurants, including:
 * Isabella - at the entrance of the German Colony. Isabella provides great seafood that caters to a western palate at a mid-range price. Their house wine is pretty good and overall the service is good.
 * Fattoush
 * Rak Bassar ("Only Meat")
 * Ramsis Restaurant
 * Captain Nemo (seafood)
 * Douzan
 * Taiwan (Chinese food)

Wadi Nisnas is mostly frequented for produce and groceries, but there are also a few good eateries in the area. Most of the businesses are on a street called simply "Al-Wadi" (the Valley), or its northern continuation "Shehadeh Saleh", running diagonally from Shabtai Levi St. to HaTsiyonut Boulevard.

 * Abdel Hadi Sweets - On Shehadeh Saleh Street, near the intersection with HaTsiyonut. It's marked only in Hebrew and Arabic, but even if you don't know those alphabets you can find it by the Arabic pastries visible through the windows. You can eat in at one of the three or four small tables (the place is mostly built for take-out); their knafeh is particularly good.

Stella Maris, at the San Francisco Observatory. Several restaurants with spectacular views:
 * Kalamaris
 * Golden Coral

HaNamal, the port.

 * Jacko (seafood)
 * Jacko (seafood)

Dado Beach. Last but not least is the beach strip cluster which has several restaurants. The food is OK, but the real reason to go there is to relax while enjoying views of the beach (only 15 meters away), or for people-watching.
 * Shaltieli (kosher)

All these clusters of restaurants are very vibrant with youth from about 21:00 into the small hours of the night, almost at any day of the week, but on Fridays it may get too crowded on the most popular places. The medium-priced places usually take the 'all the people you can squeeze in' approach, thus you might get a noisy crowded place, and service may not be as good.

Drink
Central Mount Carmel offers a decent selection of mid-class cafes and bars. Popular cafes are Greg and Tut (Strawberry), which are right next to each other in Kikar Sefer.

Closer to the Horev Center, 'Frangelico' and 'Barbarossa' are considered to be the most popular bars. They are often very crowded, but if one can't get in, there are many other bars in close walking distance, such as Brown, Levinsky, Maidler, and Duke.

The beautiful street of Yefe Nof also boasts a cluster of pubs, including a popular Charliebar and Irish-style pub.

Downtown there are some more pubs, including the legendary old-fashioned 'Maayan HaBira', which is more popular among adult crowd; the "Martef" (Basement), where you might also catch an open-mic night; and up the street from HaMartef is Jack and the Beanstalk, a more intimate pub with a great selection of appetizers. Another downtown happening place is the Syncopa bar.

Consulates

 * 🇬🇷 Greece
 * 🇷🇴 Romania

Go next
Haifa is the gateway to Israel's north and northeast.
 * Akko – The Shrine of Baha'u'llah, the holiest place for the Baha'is can be found here.
 * Nahariyya – Founded in 1934 by German Jews fleeing Nazi oppression, which boasts the crusader Montfort Castle. Do not miss Rosh Haniqra, a short drive further.
 * Tiberias – A large Israeli town in the east and great starting point for the Sea of Galilee and Golan Heights.
 * Nazareth – The largest Arab city in Israel and best known as the home of Joseph and Mary.
 * Jezreel Valley – Famous for Tel Megiddo (Armageddon) National Park and Mount Gilboa overlooking it.
 * Druze Villages in the Carmel Range: 30min by service taxi (monit sherut) or longer by bus, line number 37א, to the closer village of Isifya or the more distant village of Daliyat el-Carmel. The tourist-oriented bazaar has inexpensive shops and you can top off the visit in one of the excellent Mid-Eastern restaurants.
 * Caesarea & Zarqa Bay – Extensive archaeological site along the coast, and beautiful but not crowded beaches.

title: Haifa