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Jeju City

Jeju City (제주시), also known as Jeju-Si, is the largest and capital city of Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, South Korea, taking up the northern district of the island.

Understand

Predominantly the administrative and population capital of Jeju Island, Jeju City is also likely the first and final stop for tourists, playing host to Jeju International Airport as well as the major domestic ferry terminal.

The city is fairly large yet compact, located on the north side of the island and sandwiched between Mt Halla and the coast.

Orientation

The city consists of the old downtown (Jungangno 중앙로) to the east and the surrounding areas of Tapdong (답동, a port district north of Jungangno, also romanised as Topdong) and Yongdam (romanised differently on almost every sign: if it helps, there's nowhere else on Jeju with a similar name, the rock seems to be spelled Yongduam—영두암—and the surrounding suburb Yongdam—용담 -- on Naver). The inter city bus terminal lies just south of Jungangno.

Tucked slightly inland to the southwest lies Shin-Jeju: Jeju's new high rise commercial quarter and where the modern Korean highrise apartments reside. A humongous traffic intersection in Shin-Jeju acts as a western hub, feeding cars and buses across the entire west side of the island across one of three major highways: one coastal, one interior and the alpine 1100 metre road.

Finally, on the coast both north of Shin-Jeju and west of Jungangno lies Jeju International Airport.

By bus
Inter-city buses and the Airport Limousine (inter-city bus #600) travel frequently between Seogwipo on the south side of Jeju for ₩3000 or as low as ₩1000 from nearby rural townships. Intercity buses will terminate at the Bus Terminal, but all arriving via the west side of the island will pass by the stop outside Halla Medical Center.

By boat
Daily ferries go between Jeju and the mainland. See the main Jeju page.

By bus
Jeju City has an inner-city (shin-nae) bus system that is equally as efficient as it is poorly marked for tourists. Bus shelters have lists of stops in Korean only, but the stop names are mostly fairly non-descript and require you to have local knowledge or a map to make any sense out of them. Bus maps are not available from tourism centers, but English station lists can be obtained, the relevant information from which is reproduced below:

 * Jeju International Airport - 36, 37, 100, 200, 300, 500
 * Jeju Ferry Terminal - 92
 * Inter-city Bus Terminal - 26, 31, 63, 100, 200, 300, 502
 * Halla Arboretum - 63, 300
 * National Jeju Museum - 100
 * Culture and Art Center - 300
 * Tapdong - 92
 * Yongdam Junction - 36, 37, 63, 300, 500
 * Fifth-day Folk Market - 36, 37, 63
 * Jungangno - 36, 37, 92, 100, 500
 * Dongmun Market - 100, 300
 * Shin-jeju Junction - 26, 31, 36, 37, 92, 100, 200, 300, 500, 502
 * Halla Hospital (Medical Center) - 26, 31, 37, 92, 200, 300, 500, 502

If this system was not frustrating enough as it is, you may have to transfer to go most places and the announcements tend to be quieter than on the mainland. Listen out for this when having to transfer between buses. Buses cost around ₩1,000.

On foot
Nothing in downtown Jeju is more than approximately 2 km from anywhere else so whilst not convenient, walking is quite feasible, and sometimes even faster. This includes the areas of Yongdam, Tapdong, Jungangno and the inter-city bus terminal.

See

Natural landscapes

 * 제주_해안_Yongduam_Rock_-_panoramio.jpg

Do

Buy

Previously, cash was mainly used, and card use is now useful. However, there may still be many places that use cash, so it's good to take it.

Dongmun Traditional Market, some utterly humongous traditional markets exist in Jungangno. As expected, they sell a lot of fish. Furthermore, modern, Western-style shopping can be found in the underground mall out on the main road.

Department stores such as Lotte and E-Mart exist in Shin-Jeju.
 * One Jeju specialty is brown colored clothing. These have been dyed via juice from the persimmon fruit, which is the traditional way of dying clothing.
 * The iconic stone statues, usually in pairs, are called grandfather statues and are for protection. Many places sell small stone replicas of them made of Jeju basalt (volcanic stone). If aircraft weight restrictions are a concern, check the back of the statue for vugs (cavities) as it's entirely possible to find the odd one as light as a feather.
 * Citrus fruit (hallabong and mandarines). The specialty citrus of Jeju is the hallabong (dekopon in Japanese) something akin to an over sized tangerine which has a very distinctive plump bulge on its top. Its fame comes from its sweet taste and peelability. Do not be at all surprised if, when arriving back on the mainland, your bag pops into the baggage claim tucked between many crates of hallabong. Mandarin oranges are also a major Jeju product.
 * Jeju hallabong chocolate. These come in varieties. The first is a plain flat chocolate with a layer of hallabong flavor sandwiched in the middle. The second however is shaped like a little grandfather statue and is primarily the "flavor" component of the first with a tiny slither of chocolate on the back. The latter tend to be a little less flavorsome (ironically) but are cute enough to make nice gifts. If hallabongs aren't your thing, fear not, for they also come in orange, kiwi, green tea and purple cactus fruit (somewhat a mixed berry flavor) varieties. There are crunch chocolates too, less unique but very tasty.
 * Jeju kamgyul (citrus) wine. Similar to Japanese sake but with a fresh citrus finish. At only ₩5,000 for an entire 750-mL bottle though, honestly, you can't complain even if it isn't quite your thing.
 * Green tea. Although perhaps not as famed as Boseong, the entire Western end tip of the island is littered with tea plantations.
 * Ganse dolls. A souvenir of the Olle hiking coastal trails, they are cute little (15 cm) plush ponies on mobile phone straps handmade out of used clothing (and thus individually unique) by the women of Jeju. Profits go to developing and maintaining the island's hiking trails and they're available from tourist information centers and many budget accommodation. ₩15,000.
 * Shop at Jeju Folk Arts Complex. This place is practically a big gift shop of beautiful traditional art. Prices of items at the Jeju Folk Arts Complex are cheaper than those you find elsewhere.

Souvenir shops, craft stores and fruit stands exist almost everywhere on the island, but if you are looking for more mundane daily goods, your best bet is to head into Jeju City or Seogwipoi which have the usual array of Korean conveniences including some Lottes and an unusually high proportion of E-marts (both of which also contain large souvenir shops).

Eat
Being a seaside town, there are many great seafood restaurants available, so just take your pick.

The people of Jeju have evolved various lifestyles, depending on whether they live in fishing villages, farm villages, or mountain villages so specialties vary within the region. Life in the farm villages was centered on farming, as it did around fishing or diving fishery in fishing villages, and did around dry-field farming or mushroom/mountain-green gathering in the mountain areas. As for agriculture, the production of rice is little. Instead, beans, barley, millets, buckwheat, and dry-field (upland) rice are the major items.

The most well known fruit is the hallabong. It has been grown here as early as the era of the Three Kingdoms, and were offered as presents to kings along with abalone as special products of Jeju. Grilled pork from black-haired pigs is also a local specialty.

Foods from Jeju mainly made with saltwater fish, vegetables, and seaweed, and are usually seasoned with soybean paste. Salt water fish is used to make soups and gruels, and pork and chicken are used to make pyeonyuk (sliced boiled meat). The number of dishes set on a table is small and few seasonings are used. And usually, small numbers of ingredients are required to make dishes native to Jeju. The key to making Jeju-style foods is to keep the ingredient's natural flavor. The taste of the food is generally a bit salty, probably because foods are easily spoiled due to the warm temperature. In Jeju, there is no need to prepare Kimchi for the winter as in mainland Korea. It is quite warm during the winter and Chinese cabbages are left in the field. When they do prepare Kimchi for the winter, they tend to make few kinds and small amounts.

Restaurants are scattered across the entire island, usually near highway intersections, but the majority naturally lie around the coast and particularly in the urban centers of Jeju City and Jungmun/Seogwipo.

For non-Korean dining, the best option is Gecko's near Seogwipo (see details in the drinking section). In Jeju city there are some options. There is a Mexican restaurant near City Hall/Sinsan Park named El Paso that apparently serves up mediocre but passable Mexican fare. In Shin-jeju there is also an Indian restaurant named Rajmahal that serves up quality spicy Indian dishes. There is also another place with Pakistani/Indian cuisine called Baghdad Cafe around the City Hall/Sinsan Park area.

The representative food you have to eat in Jeju-Si:

 * Dekopon.jpgJeju citrus (제주 감귤) refers to all citrus fruits, a specialty of Jeju Island. It can be largely divided into Jeju Island traditional citrus fruits and Jeju Island cultivated citrus fruits. Jeju Island has held the "Jeju Tangerine Festival" since 1981 to promote the excellence of Jeju tangerines to create demand, inspire farmers' motivation to produce, and provide a venue for harmony among residents.
 * Silver hairtail (은갈치) is very famous in Jeju Island. Jeju silver hairtail is caught by fishing, so the silver color of hairtail is not damaged. The freshness is very good and the price is on the high side.
 * Umu pudding (우무 푸딩) is a pudding made by boiling agar for a long time, not gelatin. Agar, which is used as a raw material for agar, is rich in dietary fiber and low in calories, so it is also good as a well-being health food. The texture is somewhat watery, and it is not as dense as regular pudding, so you can drink it.
 * Jeju Hallabong (한라봉) has been cultivated in Jeju Island in earnest since the 1990s, and it has established itself as a representative specialty of Jeju Island, and in 2015, "Jeju Hallabong" was registered in the geographical labeling system. It is so sweet and refreshing that it is called a honeyed orange. The texture of the pulp is a little hard like an orange, but it is more watery than a tangerine, so it is very cool if you eat it cold.
 * Jeju black pork (흑돼지) is as a result of a survey of Jeju tourists' preference for traditional Jeju food, the food culture using black pork is representative of Jeju.

Some other dishes worth trying:

 * Bangeo Hoe (방어회) is a raw fish dish of yellowtail fish. Every November, the Bangeo Festival is held.
 * Seongge guk (성게국) is mustard soup which is served in the ancestral ceremony or to welcome guests.
 * Jaradom Mulhoe (자라돔 물회) is Jeju-style cold fish soup. Traditionally, it has been a summer specialty in Jeju.

Mid-range
Opposite Hotel Impress there is a row of seafood restaurants. The one closest to the sea has very friendly staff and serves a great meal.

Drink
Try Hallasan Soju the local brand of Korean rice wine, soju. Expect to pay ₩3,000 a bottle in a restaurant or ₩1,000 in a shop. Very strong.

Except for Gecko's in the South, there aren't any other genuine Western pubs on the island, but there are some good options. In Jeju City, all the real partying establishments are in Shin-Jeju, about a ₩5,000 taxi ride from Jeju city proper. Some of the establishments in this area rumored to be worthwhile are La Vie, Boris Brewery, Modern Time, Blue Agave, and GP.

There is also Led Zeppelin, a vinyl bar which as the name suggests is focused on album-oriented rock, and has a massive selection of records, CDs, tapes, and DVDs. Song requests are the main pastime and the sound-system rules. Off the main drag in Shin-jeju next to the Indian restaurant.

Budget
Jjimjilbangs are fairly common across Jeju city. With all of them, expect to pay under ₩10,000 for sauna access, a locker in which to put your stuff, cotton pyjamas or a robe and a patch of heated floor to pass out on. Most are listed below:

Mid-range
If you are not looking for luxury, minbak (guesthouses) abound on Jeju, and due to its reputation as a honeymoon getaway, there is a wide variety of other accommodation. Outside of the peak tourist seasons (such as Korean national holidays and July–August summer holiday season), and as long as all you're looking for is a clean affordable room, don't be afraid to come to Jeju and find accommodation as you travel. In Jeju City, Seogwipo and the smaller towns there is an abundance of rooms in small guesthouses with character.

There are several motels next to the bus terminal in Jeju City at around ₩30,000 a night. They are fairly obvious to find as all three are in a row with lit signs and the ubiquitous motel logo of South Korea and are called You-cheong, Oh-cheon, and Nam-san.

For larger hotels, the majority are in the urban centers of Jeju City and Seogwipo with the most luxurious 5-star options on the entire island within Seogwipo's Jungmun Tourist Resort Complex. Refer to the individual city pages for listings.

For budget travellers, jjimjillbangs are pretty ubiquitous in Jeju City but outside of the capital city's limits, the only other jjimjillbang options exist under the World Cup Stadium in Seogwipo.

Hotel
There are a total of 13 five-star hotels in Jeju-Si.

Examples include Grand Hyatt Jeju, Maison Glad Jeju, Ramada Plaza Jeju, Haevichi Hotel & Resort Jeju, Marriott Hall Jeju Shinhwa World Hotel & Resort, Howard Johnson Jeju Hotel, Sweet Hotel Jeju, Jeju Sun Hotel & Casino(postponement of reopening), Lotte Hotel Jeju, Jeju Shilla Hotel, Grand Chosun Jeju, CS Hotel & Resort, and Lotte Jeju Resort Art Villas.

Camping
You can enjoy camping and glamping in Jeju-Si.

Cope

 * 🇨🇳 China
 * 🇯🇵 Japan

Go next
Seogwipo, a more upmarket and tourist oriented city on the south side of the island and home to the Jungmun Tourist Complex.

Alternately, use Jeju City as a base to explore the island's interior and attractions:

 * Hallasan Mountain, Seongsan Ilchulbong and Manjanggul Lava Tube, the three UNESCO rated natural sights of Jeju.
 * Loveland, the infamous theme park in central Jeju.

The nearest city on the mainland is Mokpo, a serene medium-size port city.

 * Japan – flights to Fukuoka (the nearest), Osaka, Tokyo, and Nagoya.
 * China – flights to Shanghai (the nearest), Beijing, Hong Kong, Tianjin, Hangzhou, Shenyang, Dalian, Yangzhou, Kunming, Nanjing, Harbin, Ningbo, Xi'an, Changsha, and Changchun.

There are also flights to Bangkok, Kuala Lumpur, Taipei, and Hanoi.

title: Jeju City


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Jekyll Island

Jekyll Islandis a large barrier island, which is part of the Golden Isles, in Coastal Georgia. With over 5 miles (8 km) of beaches and an unlimited number of outdoor activities, one of Georgia's most popular vacation destinations.

Understand

Jekyll Island's reputation as a vacation destination was prefaced by a time of status and prestige. For over four decades in the late 1800s, the island belonged exclusively to the renowned Jekyll Island Club – the winter retreat for some of the most elite families in America. The Morgans, Rockefellers, Vanderbilts, Pulitzers and several other families, reputed to hold over one-sixth of the world's wealth, established the Jekyll Island Club and built a group of large cottages along Jekyll Creek. Jekyll Island was sold to the state in 1947, five years after the club was closed.

It is now one of the largest ongoing restoration projects in the southeastern United States.

By car
The only route on or off of Jekyll Island by automobile is by the Downing Musgrove Causeway (GA State Route 520). The Causeway can be accessed from Brunswick via US Highway 17 South and from I-95 by Exit 29 and travelling north on US Highway 17. A $6 daily fee($28 for a week) is charged for each entry to Jekyll Island, and annual passes are available (Jan 2019).

By plane

 * There is also a small general aviation airport,, on the island. Due to its extremely small size, there are no commercial flights, but aerial tours do operate from the airport.
 * The nearest major airports are  to the north, and   to the south, in Florida. Each is about 1.5 hours away by car on I-95.
 * The nearest major airports are  to the north, and   to the south, in Florida. Each is about 1.5 hours away by car on I-95.

By boat
The goes through the Jekyll Creek, although the conditions are not the greatest due to lack of maintenance by the Army Corps of Engineers and the fact that the creek is quite sediment-heavy due to being at the confluence of many rivers. There are 2 marinas on the Jekyll Creek (west) side of the island which can be used by transient boaters, although it's best to contact before docking.

By car
If you are on the island, you most likely already have a car to travel in, but in the rare case you don't,

By bike
There are more than 25 miles of well-paved and well-maintained bike paths crisscrossing the island. Via these paths, you can easily access all of the major points of interest as well as experience the natural beauty of Jekyll Island. These paths are evenly wide and wide enough for multiple cyclists to comfortably pass each other, and the geography of the island ensures that the paths are very flat and easy to bike across. Free maps can be found at the, or the Bike Barn (see listing below). You can rent a bike from many hotels, or a dedicated agency.

By foot
The island is quite pedestrian-friendly, and you can use both the extensive network of bike paths and nicely-paved sidewalks at your own leisure. Jekyll Island is not very big, and you can expect to take 3-4 hours to walk from the southern to northern tips of the island (depending on your pace), since the paths are quite flat.

Do

Drink
Many restaurants on the island (see Eat) offer bars with various levels of sophistication and selection of drink. Glynn County is not a dry county, but Jekyll Island does not allow any alcoholic beverages to be drunk on the beach nor at parking lots, roads, bicycle paths, sidewalks, or alleyways. Level of enforcement may vary, but don't risk it!

Sleep
The main economic driver of the island is tourism, and there is no shortage of accommodation on the island, ranging from cheap rooms to full luxury.

Stay safe
As it is a small town, Jekyll Island has quite a low crime rate. As always, use common sense and don't leave your valuables alone while enjoying the beach. At night, be careful of cars when traversing the roads due to the lighting regulations, and have reflectors of some kind if you are riding your bike at night. Also, like with many other beaches along the Atlantic Coast, there is the possibility of rip currents, so always check weather advisories and be sure to not walk too far into the water.

Stay healthy
Make sure to bring water if you plan to be outside during the day, as the relative humidity ranges from an average of 60% in February to a muggy 80% in August. Sand flies are active on parts of the beach in the early morning, so cover skin and wear bug spray to avoid the painful bites they can cause.

Go next

 * Brunswick and Saint Simons Island to the north
 * St. Marys, Cumberland Island, and Amelia Island to the south

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Jekyll Island


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Jelenia Góra

Jelenia Góra (German: Hirschberg in Riesengebirge) is a major city of nearly 100.000 inhabitants in Lower Silesian Voivodship in Poland. It is the portal to the Giant Mountains (Karkonosze Pol., (Riesengebirge, Ger.) and a tourist attraction itself, with a historic old town and the Cieplice (Warmbrünn) spa now included in the city as well.

As with all of Lower Silesia, control over Jelenia Góra alternated between Polish- and German-speaking lands throughout its history. As of the end of WWII the city became Polish again and its German population was expelled. Both the Polish and German names for the town, as well as their translations to Latin and other languages, have the same meaning being roughly "deer mountain". The deer features prominently in the city's coat of arms and is referenced in many ways in the city today.

By train
Polish National Railways, directly from Wrocław. The train connections used to be very slow, but after some renovation works now it takes about 2 hours from Wrocław.

By bus
PKS Jelenia Góra runs daily from Wrocław.

Kry-Cha departs daily from the Wrocław bus station. No website in English, direct link to timetable.

Be aware that on Fridays during the academic year getting a place on a bus to Jelenia Góra may be a problem. Buy the ticket in advance.

By public transport
MZK connects all major areas of the town.

See

Town centre with the Town Hall Square and the main promenade, the Saint Erazm and Pankracy Church  and the Sanctuary of the Holy Cross.

Cieplice - a spa district of Jelenia Góra with its park, the Schaffgotsch palace, Spa Theatre, Museum of Natural History, Church of St John the Baptist and Church of the Saviour.

Do

 * Go for a swim in Termy Cieplickie.

Events

 * Karkonosze's Light Festival - Cieplice's festival of lights where science and technology meet art and education; each year in January.
 * International Film Festival ZOOM - ZBLIŻENIA - in February, independent film art festival, features screenings, workshop, prizes.
 * Wandering Theatres Festival - continuation of the Street Theatres Festival; takes place in August in various towns in the region including Jelenia Góra, Gryfów Śląski, Lubań, Lwówek Śląski, Wleń.
 * Jeleniogórski September (Wrzesień Jeleniogórski) - each year in September, features series of workshops, concerts, exhibitions, theatre performances, presentations, competitions, markets and other events.
 * Festival "Silesia Sonans" - takes place in September; the organ music festival.

Buy
There are various shops located in the centre of Jelenia Góra and its suburb, Cieplice.

Two major shopping centres are Tesco and Echo. To get to the Tesco shopping centre you can just take a walk from the town centre. There is also a bus 'TES' running from Zabobrze to the shopping centre. To get to the Echo shopping centre take a bus no. 6, 7 or 27.

Eat
Various restaurants, cafes, fast food outlets etc. are located in the vicinity of the Town Hall Square and 1 May Street in the city centre. You will also find restaurants and pubs in Cieplice around the Piastowski Square.

To get a bit of the old communistic feeling, head to restaurant Relaks on Ulica 1 Maja near Hotel Europa.

For a bit of old and rusty grandeur, try restaurant Bosman on Ulica Pocztowa opposite the main post office or perhaps the theater restaurant at the intersection Sudecka / Wojska Polskiego.

The most popular fast food in this region is pizza. There is a Pizza Hut on Ulica 1 Maja but better try one of the local pizzerias and don't forget to add the local novelty to it - sos czosnkowy (garlic sauce).

To eat freshly grilled fish in a nice outdoor setting with a beautiful view towards the mountain, go to Cieplice and then further on 1 kilometer towards Karpacz. This fish restaurant is next to a man-made lake with a helicopter randomly placed on one of the islands. This restaurant is surprisingly expensive for being Poland.

Drink
There are numerous bars around the town square with flexible closing hours and locals having a Żywiec or a Zubrowka all days of the week. Next to Hotel Baron is the "Irish" pub Belfast, allowing both Protestants and Catholics. Opposite Belfast is the larger and newer Warka. Further up the town square is the posher Metafora. Up pedestrian street Ulica 1 Maja is Play-ta where it is possible to play pool.

Several bars, incl. Belfast and Play-ta, show all the important football games.

The younger clientèle usually end the night at the Atrappa Club, which is in sort of a small park along Ulica Podwale just above the bus stop. It is open until at least 3.00. Opposite the same bus stop is a 24h night shop.

There is also a club/bar for the slightly older crowd on a side street from Ulica 1 Maja in between Ulica Pocztowa and the church. This place is called The Street.

Try some hot spring water from Cieplice spa. The spa's history dates back to XIII century and since then it has been used for various ailments. Among the notable visitors were Polish Queen Marysieńka, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and American president John Quincy Adams.

Sleep
You will often find the locals displaying signs usually in Polish and German ("pokoje/Zimmer") to advertise rooms available for short-term stays. However, note that you will mostly see them along the main roads and not in the city centre or residential areas.

There are also many hotels, especially in Cieplice as its hot spring water is popular with visitors.

Go next

 * Jawor - with its UNESCO Heritage-listed Church of Peace
 * Karpacz - a tourist resort in Karkonosze, the highest mountain range nearby. From here numerous walking tracks start. You can hike just a few hours, the whole day or even stay overnight in the mountains in one of the hostels. The Wang Church  is a popular attraction. A skiing destination in winter.
 * Rudawski Landscape Park - landmarks include Krzyżna Mountain, Skalnik Mountain, mountain hut Szwajcarka. Good for leisurely hikes; also popular with climbers.
 * Szklarska Poręba - a tourist resort in Karkonosze. Many walking tracks start from here and will take you into the mountains. In winter you can do some downhill and cross-country skiing. Famous for its international cross-country skiing competition Bieg Piastów.
 * Świdnica - with its UNESCO Heritage-listed Peace Church.
 * Uranium mines in Kowary: open daily except 1.01, Easter Sunday, 01.11, Christmas Day, sightseeing only with a guide, tours can be in Polish, German or English; time needed: 1 hour. It takes 20–30 minutes to get there from Jelenia Góra by bus PKS . During public holidays it might get very busy around the midday so it might be a good idea to pick a different time slot.

title: Jelenia Góra


text:
Jelgava

Jelgava (German: Mitau) is a city in Latvia about 41 km southwest of Riga.

Understand
It is useful to understand that although from 1940 to 1991 Latvia was a constituent republic of the USSR, the official language is Latvian. However, a significant minority (up to 40% nationwide and possibly just over 50% in the capital Riga) is Russian-speaking. The majority of ethnic Latvians living in the city, not only those old enough to have attended school during Soviet times, can also speak and understand Russian. However, many prefer to converse in Latvian. English and also German are widely understood at places regularly visited by tourists and foreigners but you may be out of luck when leaving the city centre or visiting places off the beaten track.

By bus
A bus line departs from Riga coach station, takes 45-50 min and the fare is €2.30 (as of February 2019). The buses are frequent and depart roughly every 10-15 mins. They arrive at.

By train
From 27 Dec 2023 a daily train plies from Lithuania. It leaves Vilnius at 06:30, calling at Siauliai and Joniškis, and reaches Jelgava at 10:05. It continues to Riga but you can't use it just for the Latvian sector. The southbound train picks up in Jelgava at 16:08 to reach Vilnius at 19:50.

Train service to Jelgava extends to all parts of the country as well as other big cities like Saint Petersburg. However, the tickets do not include information about the time and place to catch the train, that information must be looked up on the train departures info table. Regional trains from Riga takes 50 min, the fare is €1.90 and the train departs every 30-60 minutes as of February 2019.

By boat
Jelgava is on the bank of river Lielupe, which is connected to the Baltic Sea. It is possible to dock at Jelgava Yacht Club on Pils Island or next to Mītava Bridge on Pasta Island.

By car
You can travel by taxi from Riga or Riga airport.

Get around
You can get around by foot, taxi or bus. There is a very good bus line. Line 1 will take you from one part of the city to another.

Checkout this website for route planner and timetables.

Do

 * Football: FK Jelgava play soccer in Virslīga, the top tier. Their home ground Zemgales Olimpiskais Centrs (capacity 1500) is just north of town centre. The playing season is April-Nov.
 * Football: FK Jelgava play soccer in Virslīga, the top tier. Their home ground Zemgales Olimpiskais Centrs (capacity 1500) is just north of town centre. The playing season is April-Nov.

Learn
"Brainstorm", probably the most popular rock-band from Eastern Europe, has emerged from a cradle called Jelgavas 1. vidusskola (Secondary School No 1), where also such National talents as A. Skrastins, A. Vaznis, E. Radzina, A. Skele, E. Repse have made their first steps in the world of fame.

Latvijas Lauksaimniecibas Universitāte — University of Agriculture of Latvia is a well recognized university.

What
Jelgava's special dishes are Duke’s sail and Charlotte's kiss that remind of the town's history as the capital of Courland Duchy. Duke's sail is a main course, made of oven-baked pork that has been prepared in a special marinade. It is served with caramelized sauerkraut, a variety of roasted vegetables and roots, red bilberry sauce and horseradish. Dessert Charlotte's kiss is made of egg-curd cream and jelly mousse sorting made of two kinds of juice. Its mild taste is refreshed with fruit-berry mash sauce. The dishes are available at most popular restaurants in Jelgava.

Sleep
There are two main hotels in Jelgava and several smaller hotels and motels.

Connect
There is free Wi-Fi at the Jelgava train station.

title: Jelgava


text:
Jelling

Jelling is a railway town of 3,700 people (2022) and UNESCO World Heritage site.

History
Jelling is an old and important historical town in the history of Denmark. In the Viking Age it served as the royal seat of the first Monarchs of the Kingdom of Denmark. Jelling is the site of a large stone ship and two large burial mounds, the Jelling stones and Jelling Church which are an UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1994. In the North Mound, built between 958 and 959 CE (possibly for King Gorm of Denmark), an empty burial chamber was found. The South Mound was built around 970 and contains no burial. Beneath the two mounds is a large stone ship from around the end of the 9th century. Between the two mounds stand two rune stones, the Jelling stones. Near the stones, Gorm's son King Harald Bluetooth built a wooden church (965), and beneath it re-interred (965–966) the remains of his father.

Get in
Jelling is on the Copenhagen–Vejle–Struer train line. There are trains once an hour, 20 minutes from Vejle and 3 hours from Copenhagen. The Jelling railway has direct InterCityLyn services from Copenhagen and Struer operated by the railway company DSB, and regional train services from Vejle, Herning and Struer operated by Arriva.

To Jelling it is 56 km from Herning and Silkeborg, 80 km from Aarhus and 10 km from the regional capital Vejle. Jelling is close to the Østjyske Motorvej (E45) and Midtjyske Motorvej (Primary Route 18).

Get around
The city, including the train station, the Jelling stones and the burial mounds, can be walked in few minutes.

See

 * Burial mounds
 * Burial mounds

Go next

 * Vejle is nearby
 * Billund with its Legoland theme park

title: Jelling


text:
Jellyfish

Jellyfish are found all over the world. The most venomous jellyfish is the box jellyfish (which is not a jellyfish, actually, since it has a basic brain and eyes that can navigate to its prey or swim away from danger like humans). It can swim faster than humans and prefers to avoid obstacles. The vast majority of jellyfish stings come from one of the other 2000 species of jellyfish and are painful but not life-threatening. Only 100 species of the recorded 2000 species of jellyfish have any effect on human beings.

Understand
Jellyfish can vary from a harmless form of marine life, to a mild nuisance, to a deadly threat. It all depends on where and when you are swimming. Where jellyfish may be a risk, always seek expert advice to the risks, and don't necessarily rely on casual local advice. Jellyfish reproduce in 'blooms' which can fluctuate quickly and sporadically and are difficult to predict.

At any time you wish to enjoy water activities where there is a risk of jellyfish, you may choose to wear Lycra ‘protective clothing’ (or wet suits when scuba diving or snorkeling) to lessen the risk of a sting.

Carukia barnesi
Carukia barnesi is tiny at only 12 by 30 mm (0.47 by 1.2 in) in height. It has four contractile tentacles, one extending from each bottom "corner" of its bell, ranging in length from 50 to 500 mm found in Western Australia is the only jellyfish proven to cause 'irukandji syndrome'. However, it is now believed that a sting from at least six species of jellyfish can produce the same symptoms which include lower back pain, muscle cramps, vomiting, restlessness and anxiety including an impending feeling of doom which can last for weeks. In rare cases, the victim can suffer pulmonary oedema (fluid on the lungs) or cardiac problems that could be fatal if not treated.

Chironex box jellyfish
Chirodropid, Alata, Fleckeri The Chironex is the well-known, larger and potentially fatal type of box jellyfish, common at beaches along the mainland in Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Philippines. There have been numerous confirmed stings in all of these countries and a number of other warm water areas in the world. The likelihood of being stung by this type of jellyfish is small, but stings occur throughout the Indo-Pacific every year. There are several species of this jellyfish; some are more dangerous than others. If you are stung by a Chironex, you will feel immediate and severe pain. Refer to first aid treatment points below and gain medical assistance immediately.

Lion's mane jellyfish
The lion's mane jellyfish (Cyanea capillata), also known as hair jelly, is the largest known species of jellyfish. At 37 m (120 feet ) in length, the largest known specimen was longer than a blue whale and is considered one of the longest known animals in the world. Lion's mane jellyfish remain mostly very near the surface at no more than 20 m depth, their slow pulsations weakly driving them forwards; they depend on ocean currents whereby they travel great distances. The jellyfish are most often spotted during the late summer and autumn, when they have grown to a large size and the currents begin to sweep them closer to shore. Its range is confined to cold, boreal waters of the Arctic, northern Atlantic, and northern Pacific Oceans, seldom found farther south than 42°N latitude.

Portuguese man-of-war
Physalia sp These marine stingers, also known as bluebottles, are widespread throughout the Pacific and Indian Oceans and can sometimes be seen washed up on beaches. They are usually found further south, but on the odd occasion are found locally. They are visible, jellyfish-like creatures that give an immediate, painful sting (burning skin, gland pain, nausea, anxiety and sweating).

Sea nettle
Phyllorhiza, Chrysoara sp1, sp2, sp3, Nemopilema sp1, sp2 Twelve of the more common stinging species throughout the world are a bell-shaped jellyfish, usually golden-brown and semi-transparent and with small, white dots and reddish-brown stripes. This can create a quite painful sting with some welting and marks. Pain normally resides after about 1 hour though marks can remain for up to 3 days. Treat immediately with vinegar and if the pain continues, seek medical treatment. Refer to the first aid treatment points below.

Protective Lycra clothing called "stinger suits" greatly reduces the risk of exposure (though any areas of the body not covered are susceptible). They also have the added benefit of protecting you from the sun. It is recommended that you refrain from swimming in the ocean during the 48-hour period after a confirmed sting.

Box jellyfish
Symptoms of the box jellyfish include excruciating pain upon contact and cardiac and respiratory arrest can occur within minutes. There will be large red welts marks on the body where there has been contact.

 * 1) Douse the area profusely with vinegar for at least 30 seconds as this stops any undischarged stinging cells.
 * 2) Do not try to scrape the tentacles off (with hands, wet sand or any item, or apply pressure), as this will trigger more stinging cells to fire venom into the body.
 * 3) Contact medical staff as soon as possible, urgent medical assistance will be required.

Portuguese man-of-war

 * 1) If you have been stung by a Portuguese man-of-war. Treatment is to flush profusely with vinegar to remove the tentacles. If required, remove remaining tentacles with sticks or by using gloves.
 * 2) Apply heat, or take a hot shower.
 * 3) If you experience any persistent or serious symptoms, seek medical advice.

Unidentified jellyfish

 * 1) The same first aid as for a box jellyfish should be applied: douse the sting for 30 seconds with vinegar.
 * 2) If symptoms continue, seek medical attention.

title: Jellyfish


text:
Jember

Jember is a city and regency district in East Java.

Understand
This is East Java's third largest city after Surabaya and Malang. Whilst not the most attractive or interesting of cities, it does have decent facilities for visitors and makes a good base for exploring the southern part of the East Java region. Reaching the remote Sukamade turtle conservation area is often tackled from here.

Jember is a big commercial centre and is almost invariably congested and crowded.

Tourism Information Offices

 * Jember Tourism Office, Jl Gajah Mada No 325, Jember. Tel +62 331 425471.
 * Meru Betiri National Park Office: Jl Sriwijaya 53, Jember 68121, East Java, Tel/Fax: +62 331 321530, E-mail: meru@telkom.net. Excellent first stop for information about visiting the turtle conservation facility at Sukamade and other parts of the national park.

By train
Jember is on the main East Java line and there are many services linking it with other cities in the region and in Central Java. Longer distance rail access from Jakarta involves a change in Jogjakarta or Surabaya. Check the PT Kereta Api (Persero) website for detailed schedules. The name of the station is Stasiun Jember (Jember Station). It takes 4 hours to travel from Surabaya.

By bus
The main long distance bus terminal is called and is about 5 km west of the city centre. This is served by buses from Banyuwangi (about 2 hours), Surabaya (about 5 hours), Malang (about 5 hours), and many other smaller towns in East Java.

Get around
The main taxi company in Jember is called Argo and they have a telephone booking service: +62 331 424242.

Local buses and bemos are everywhere.

All of the local hotels will offer tours or help you with booking independent transport for seeing the key local sights (almost all of which are very rural and involve a lot of travelling).

Within Meru Betiri National Park

 * Go to Sukamade to visit the turtle conservation facility. The full details of this are covered in the article. Whilst in Jember, a visit to the national park office to obtain some advance information and purchase permits is not a bad idea.

Buy
Once you visit Jember, something that you cannot miss is buying gifts. There are various gifts from Jember. One of them is a traditional food made from fermented tapioca called Tape. It has a sweet and sour flavor and often gives a warm feel to your body. The other thing is Suwar Suwir. It is basically also made from fermented tapioca, but slightly modified to other shapes and can be grouped as sweets. It has a sweet flavor as well. A lot of shops sell that food. One popular shop is "Primadona", next to Pasar Tanjung. Here, you can also find Brownies Tape. It is brownies cake as you usually know, with the flavor of tape. You can also go to Hardys supermarket, located in Jl. Raya Sultan Agung or Matahari Department store.

Eat
As always in Indonesian cities, there is an enormous number of street vendors and simple restaurants to choose from. Follow the local crowds is always the best advice.

Drink
Try a local drink named wedang cor, a mixture of tape ketan (fermented sticky rice), water, condensed milk, and ginger.

Sleep
Most of the hotels in Jember city are aimed at local business travellers. This tends to mean that they are efficient and clean but not the most interesting of places. The more rural options may appeal more to overseas visitors.

Connect
The telephone area code for Jember is 0331 and 0336.

Go next

 * Banyuwangi for ferries to Bali.
 * Amazing volcanoes and scenery at the Bromo-Tengger-Semeru National Park via Probolinggo.
 * Jogjakarta and the wonders of Borobudur and Prambanan.

title: Jember


text:
Jemez Mountains

The Jemez Mountains are a major mountain range in North Central New Mexico in the United States. The range contains several important travel destinations such as Los Alamos, Bandelier National Monument, and part of Santa Fe National Forest. This article covers attractions in the Jemez not covered in the articles on one of those other destinations.

Understand
While the Jemez Mountains may look like part of the Rocky Mountains, they are distinct from the Rockies geologically, and are the remnant of a "super-volcano" that had a catastrophic eruption about a million years ago, with several lesser but still significant eruptions since then. This violent past shapes many of the attractions of the region: Los Alamos and Bandelier National Monument sit on a great ash flow from the climactic eruption, while Valles Caldera National Preserve contains a number of volcanic features and preserves the eruptive center itself. You'll enjoy your sightseeing in the mountains more if you do a little homework to understand what you're seeing; web pages that provide good stuff on the geology, without requiring education as a geologist to grok it, are:
 * Jemez Mountains pages at Volcano World
 * Valles Caldera page at the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program

The Jemez were the scene of several major forest fires in the latter part of the 20th century, the most serious of which destroyed a number of homes in Los Alamos and nearly 50,000 acres of forest. These fires have had lasting effects on recreational opportunities in the mountains. Several previously excellent hiking areas are either closed altogether or severely restricted because of fire damage. Considerable rethinking of fire-prevention goals and policies is in progress, with the result that limitations on open campfires, etc., may seem a little restrictive. Please honor these restrictions; several of the fires resulted from poorly-constructed campfires, and residents of the area are understandably skittish about it happening again.

Flora and fauna
The forest is predominantly coniferous, with piñon/juniper "scrub" at the lowest elevations that gives way to ponderosa pines mid-range and spruce/fir forest higher up. Aspens are intermixed with the conifers above about 8000' (2400 meters) and provide additional color, particularly in fall. Timberline is unusually high, with even the highest peaks covered mostly in timber.

Black bear and deer are common throughout the forest. The eastern unit contains bighorn sheep (some of which have become so used to human presence as to constitute a camp pest), and a substantial elk population splits time between the western unit (and the Valles Caldera National Preserve) in summer and Bandelier National Monument in winter. Mountain lions live in the forest but are rarely encountered. Birds are plentiful and diverse, including eagles, wild turkeys, and several species of hummingbirds. Most of the terrain is too high for snakes to be abundant, although rattlesnakes are occasionally seen as high as Pajarito Ski Area near Los Alamos, elevation 9500 ft (2900 m). Watercourses tend to be small and seasonal, so that there are few large fish, although some lakes and streams are able to sustain a population of trout.

Climate
The large elevation variations in the forest preclude universal, concise statements about climate. Snow and freezing temperatures (at least at night) are possible year-round on the high summits; shirtsleeve weather is common in the winter at the lower elevations. About the only common denominator is that springtime is windy and relatively dry.

Broadly, the higher elevations (say above 8000 feet, or 2400 meters) have conditions typical of continental mountain ranges, generally somewhat warmer and drier than the similar ranges of Colorado. Snowfall during winter is wildly variable, but normally persists through spring, commonly closing many campgrounds until May or so. Many hiking trails in the high country still have snow on them in June. Spring is warm and dry, with a gradual onset of thunderstorms starting in June and building to a "monsoon" condition in August. The high peaks are notoriously prone to lightning strikes; if you're hiking, make sure you're off the summits by 1PM during the summer. Fall is clear, crisp and delightful, with the first significant snow usually in October and the first snow that "sticks" frequently occurring around Thanksgiving.

The lower elevations are semi-arid, and winter snowfall is even more variable than at higher elevations. Some winters have seen individual storms that deposit over 40 inches (1 meter) of snow, while in other years, winter passes without this much snow falling in the entire season. Low temperatures can drop below zero (Fahrenheit). Spring is warm and dry, sometimes downright hot -- high temperatures can reach 90 °F (38 °C) or higher -- and dry conditions persist deeper into the summer than in the higher elevations. The monsoonal thunderstorms begin to drift off the mountains in July to cool (and soak) the lower elevations, until the warm, dry fall conditions begin soon after Labor Day.

Get in
The nearest major airport is in Albuquerque. Apart from brief (hours-long) closures due to snowstorms, state highways into the mountains (SR 4/502 on the southeast and southwest, SR 96 on the north and northwest) are generally passable year-round, unlike some of the roads in the higher Sangre de Cristo Mountains nearby. Be careful, however, about west-side access via SR 126 from Cuba to La Cueva. This road looks tempting on a map, and in summer can be an enjoyable drive, but it is unpaved for much of its length and has sections that can be hazardous or impassable following winter storms. Going the "long way" from Cuba to San Ysidro and then on 4 to La Cueva may be necessary at such times.

Get around
Drive. State highways within the range pose no problems getting around, with the one caveat regarding NM 126 in winter and early spring. High-clearance vehicles are desirable for many of the obscure forest roads as well as some leading to private homes, etc., in the boonies. There is no public transportation to speak of in this region, and traffic volume is so low over most of it that hitchhiking is likely to be unrewarding.

The many trails in the forest are generally accessible to hikers, horses, and mountain bikes. Motorized travel is forbidden in the San Pedro Parks Wilderness, but there are a number of abandoned logging roads outside the wildernesses that are suitable for ORVs and dirt bikes. (Please operate responsibly; damage in this terrain and climate takes a long time to heal.) Trails and, to a lesser extent, logging roads in the high country tend to be soggy until June or even July due to snowmelt.

In much of the area, snowshoes are more satisfactory for winter travel than skis or snowmobiles, because of the steepness and narrowness of the trails. Sparse snow makes all of these means of travel marginal at elevations below 8000' or so. Although most of the mountains have relatively gentle slopes, there is some potential for avalanche hazard.

See

 * The best road for viewing the unique volcanic scenery is New Mexico SR 4, connecting Los Alamos and San Ysidro. There are several scenic turnoffs as SR 4 passes through Valle Grande, part of the Valles Caldera (a supervolcano) and now managed by the Valles Caldera National Preserve.  During the warmer months, a large elk herd inhabits Valle Grande and can often be seen from these turnoffs (bring the biggest binoculars you have).
 * There are also nice picnic areas along SR 4, at Fenton Lake State Park on SR 126, and in Santa Clara Canyon, on the territory of Santa Clara Pueblo on the east side. A fee is charged to enter Santa Clara Canyon.  Stop en route and see the archaeological sites of the Puye Cliff Dwellings.
 * Just before you reach Los Alamos, a turn-off to the right takes you up to the Pajarito Mountain Ski Area. The top of the ski area is on the rim of the Valles Caldera and has a great view of Valle Grande;  in summer the lifts are open intermittently for hikers and mountain bikers.  Overnight camping is allowed by permit at the adjacent Camp May, a Los Alamos County park.
 * Jemez State Monument on SR 4 near Jemez Springs (open 8:30AM-5PM except Tuesdays and some holidays, small fee) preserves American Indian and mission ruins of considerable archaeological interest, with a short interpretive trail.
 * Jemez Pueblo on the western slopes is one of the less "tourist-friendly" of the New Mexico American Indian pueblos, but is open for limited visits on certain feast days. Jemez pottery is excellent and can sometimes be obtained at roadside stands in the stunning red-rock country near the pueblo.

Do
Many of the region's activities are covered in the separate articles on Bandelier National Monument and Los Alamos. A few that don't fit into one of these areas:

 * Valles Caldera National Preserve is a new and unusual unit of the national park system that doubles as a working ranch. Activities include hiking, fishing (restricted access), and winter sports that can be spectacular in years with heavy snowfall or nearly nonexistent in drought years.  Check the web site to see what's available when you're visiting; recreational activities are still undergoing planning and development.
 * Rock climbers can find interesting single-pitch sport climbing on some of the basalt cliffs along SR 4 west of the preserve, in some cases barely a hundred feet (30 m) from SR 4.
 * There are a number of hot springs in the southwest part of the range where you can soak following a day on the trails or ski slopes. Most are "wild" and undeveloped, some requiring a short hike (and see under "Stay safe"), but Jemez Springs has two developed springs: the village-owned Jemez Springs Bath House, and private Giggling Springs .  Both accept walk-ins, but reservations at Jemez Springs Bath House are a good idea on summer weekends.

Hiking and backpacking
The San Pedro Parks Wilderness offers excellent hiking once the snow has melted. By far the most important trailheads into San Pedro Parks are near San Gregorio Lake on the south side, reached by a gravel road off rough State Road 126 between La Cueva and Cuba. To avoid the crowds, consider instead going in from the north side, but it's way out in the boonies and help will be slow in arriving if something goes wrong. The countryside at San Pedro Parks is very different from the Pecos, featuring open meadows and low, rolling hills rather than the peaks and valleys of the western Pecos and the high mesas of the eastern part. A consequence is that the trails can be soft and boggy pretty much year-round. Hiking boots are a good idea, simply to help keep your feet dry.

Most of the mountain lakes in the wilderness (including man-made San Gregorio Lake) are off limits to camping owing to environmental stresses. Campsites along the streams, however, are abundant and generally satisfactory for the backpacker or horsepacker, as long as you camp at least 1/4 mile (400 m) from the closed lakes (and 200 feet/60 m from the stream).

Fishing
Probably the best fishing in the region is at popular San Gregorio Lake, reached by a short walk from the trailheads that continue on into San Pedro Parks. (Don't expect to have it to yourself.) Many of the smaller lakes and streams support small populations of trout that can make it worthwhile for a backpacker to carry in a collapsible rod, although you're not odds-on to catch much. Some of the lakes have been stocked with trout. There are a number of well-developed fishing spots along the Jemez River west of the Valle Grande. Abiquiu Lake, a man-made reservoir on the northeast side of the range, also offers fishing and some other water sports, but don't expect Lake Mead. The same applies for tiny Fenton Lake on the west side of the range (no power boats, but it's hardly big enough to put one in).

Eat
Los Alamos is the only community in the mountains with significant numbers of restaurants; see separate page. There are also a few restaurants in Jemez Springs (Laughing Lizard, phone ; Los Ojos including a satisfactory bar, phone ; both on SR 4 with no street numbers) and an excellent one in La Cueva that serves great steaks, trout, elk burgers and homemade chili and soup called the "Ridgeback Cafe".

If you're planning on cooking your own food, provision up in Los Alamos or closer to your point of origin, but one tip: Jemez Pueblo produces delicious bread that can often be purchased at roadside stands along SR 4 west of Jemez Springs. If you're driving from Albuquerque into the mountains, keep an eye out for these stands, which may also sell other goods suitable for supplementing a picnic lunch.

Drink
Don't expect much night life in this highly rural region, although there are a few watering holes in Los Alamos and Jemez Springs. There are however two reasonably interesting wineries in the Jemez: Il Santo Vineyard in White Rock (sometimes, but incorrectly, called Balagna Winery; see description in the Los Alamos article) and Ponderosa Valley Vineyard and Winery, in the tiny town of Ponderosa south of SR 4. The volcanic soil is surprisingly good for growing grapes, and the resulting wines are worth a try.

Lodging
The towns of Los Alamos and Jemez Springs have hotels and motels. Few of the smaller towns in the area have much in the way of lodging.

Camping
There are numerous campgrounds administered by the Santa Fe National Forest. Several are free and available on a first-come-first-served basis (no reservations). Most of the busier campgrounds do have a fee; see the forest website for details. A few have the capability to accommodate large groups at sites that can be reserved.

Historically, there have been intermittent problems with theft from and vandalism of vehicles left at a few campgrounds, particularly around Coyote. Some anecdotal evidence suggests that this problem may have diminished in the last few years. Inquire locally and take sensible precautions.

Backcountry
The San Pedro Parks Wilderness is a superb backpacking destination. No permits are required. Seasonal restrictions on campfires are common; pack a stove. Most campsites are close to streams, so there is no need to pack in excessive quantities of water, but stream water should be purified as Giardia parasites are present in both wildernesses. Hang food, etc., although bear problems are rare.

Most of the campgrounds have fees for overnight stays; there may also be small ($2/night) fees for parking cars overnight at some of the more popular trailheads for backpackers. Most other recreational use of the forest is free. Access to the San Pedro Parks Wilderness was controlled at one time by a permit system, but the permits have been discontinued and access is now free and unlimited. Seasonal closures due to fire hazard may occur in any and all of the national forest area, particularly in June and early July, and open campfires may be restricted during the spring. Inquire locally; the forest website generally does a good job of staying current on fire-related restrictions.

Stay safe
There are no major safety issues in this region. A few minor ones, however:
 * The north side of the range was the scene of pronounced ethnic conflict (of complicated origin) in the second half of the 20th century, and there are still residual Anglo/Hispanic tensions in some areas. Simply being respectful goes a long way to defuse these, but it's probably wise to avoid small-town bars on the north side, and to be alert at backcountry campsites there.
 * Please take restrictions on open campfires seriously. These mountains are flammable and there have been destructive forest fires.
 * If backpacking or backcountry camping, purify stream and lake water, as Giardia parasites are present in water supplies, as usual. (Tap water is OK.)  Be careful also not to get water in your nose or eyes if you're bathing at one of the "wild" hot springs; dangerously pathogenic amoebas have been found in some of the springs and can cause life-threatening brain abscesses.  You probably won't have any problems from them, but keep your head above water just to be on the safe side.
 * In many regards the Jemez don't "feel" like high mountains, but they are, and the sun is intense; use sunscreen when outdoors.
 * Not so much a "safety" issue as a legal one: SR 4 west of the Valle Grande is notorious for radar traps and has numerous, basically inexplicable changes of speed limits that afford opportunities for traffic citations. Pay attention when driving here.  DUI is a problem in much of northern New Mexico as well, and can be a concern in this region, although it's less of one than in the valley.

Go next

 * SR 126 on the west side leads to the lower Nacimiento Mountains, including San Pedro Parks Wilderness. This is a fine hiking/backpacking area that's well worth investigating if your hikes in the Jemez have left you wanting more.
 * For "friendlier" pueblos than Jemez, return to the east side and the Española Valley, where all manner of Native American pueblos await, several of them excellent for arts and crafts. You can also continue west beyond Jemez Pueblo to US 550, then southeast to Zia Pueblo on the way to Albuquerque.  Zia pottery is particularly fine (and better value for dollar than the work of some of the other tribes) and can be obtained at a small cultural center at the pueblo.
 * Routes out of the mountains on the north side lead to the Jicarilla Apache Reservation, man-made El Vado and Heron Lakes (fishing, camping, small boating), and the red-rock country of north central New Mexico.

title: Jemez Mountains


text:
Jena

Jena is a city in the central German state of Thuringia (Thüringen). It is a centre of science and technology with a reputable university, several research institutes and high-tech plants, especially focusing on precision mechanics and optical industries. About a fourth of the population are students.

Understand
Jena (pronounced yay-nah) has probably existed since at least the 9th century AD and became a town around 1230. Part of the State of Thuringia from its foundation in 1920 on, it was incorporated into the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) in 1949 and its district of Gera in 1952. Since 1990, the city of Jena has again been a part of reunited Germany's state of Thuringia.

Academics
Jena has the biggest university in Thuringia and its ratio of students to the total of inhabitants is one of the highest in Germany, as there are 20,000 students at the university which was founded in 1558 and named after Friedrich Schiller in 1934. Additionally, there are some 4,500 students at the university of applied sciences (Fachhochschule), making one out of four citizens of Jena a student.

In early modern times, there was a fix canon of sights—the Seven Wonders of Jena, or septem miracula Jenae in Latin—that each student in Jena was expected to visit and remember. Being able to identify and recite the Seven Wonders in the correct order was considered a proof that someone had indeed studied at Jena: Ara ("arch"—the underpass below the altar of St Michael's church), Caput ("head"—the mechanically moving figure head above the astronomical clock at the townhall), Draco ("dragon"—a seven-headed chimera made as a student joke of animal bones and papier-mâché), Mons ("mountain"—the 385 metre-high Jenzig hill northeast of the town), Pons ("bridge"—the nine-arched old stone bridge Camsdorfer Brücke over the Saale), Vulpecula Turris ("fox tower"—Fuchsturm, a high-medieval donjon on a hilltop east of Jena), Weigeliana Domus ("Weigel's house"—das Weigelsche Haus, built for a 17th-century professor of mathematics with many technical refinements that were considered ahead of the time, like a wine conduit from the cellar to the dining room, a mechanical lift and long tubes for the observation of stars). Five of the wonders are still extant, while the bridge and Weigel's house are lost.

Johann Wolfgang Goethe and Friedrich Schiller, probably the two greatest German writers, lived in Jena for a few years (though their residence in Weimar is much more well known). Around 1800, Jena was the birthplace of German idealist philosophy (developed by Johann Gottlieb Fichte and Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling) and early romantic literature ("Jena Romanticism", created by authors like Novalis, Friedrich and Wilhelm Schlegel). Other famous citizens of Jena include the biologist Ernst Haeckel, the physicists Ernst Abbe and Erwin Schrödinger. The philosopher and communist thinker Karl Marx obtained his Ph.D. from Jena University (because it was one of the few at that time to accept dissertations written in German instead of Latin) without ever attending a course there.

Napoleon
In 1806, Jena and the village of Auerstädt (25 km north of the city) were the sites of a decisive battle in the War of the Fourth Coalition (Napoleon's war against Prussia), involving more than 220,000 soldiers. One of the most known bridges over the Seine and a boulevard in the 16th arrondissement of Paris are named after Jena in memory of this French victory: Pont d'Iéna and Avenue d'Iéna.

Optical and high-tech manufacture
Jena is also famous for Carl Zeiss, an optical and precision engineering company founded in 1846, and the Schott hightech glass factories founded in 1884. Both have long been leading players of their respective sectors and exporting worldwide. "Jenaer Glas" is a brand of refractory and chemically resistant glass developed by Otto Schott in 1887. Under the management of socially-minded Ernst Abbe, the Zeiss works (and likewise Schott) provided their employees with quite far-reaching social security and benefits, like pension funds and eight-hour days, that were considered radically modern in the 19th century. This generated a very high identification of workers with their respective company and made Jena a forerunner of Germany's "social market economy". In 1942 Jena was the first site to produce penicillin on an industrial scale, leading to the establishment of the pharmaceutical company Jenapharm. Both Schott's and Carl Zeiss' plants were nationalised in communist East Germany after 1945, while the seat of the respective corporation was moved to capitalist West Germany (establishing new production sites under the traditional names in Mainz and the Swabian Mountains, respectively).

The former nationally-owned factories of Schott and Carl Zeiss were (partially) reunited with their Western counterparts after the end of Cold War, but their executives are still based in (South-)Western Germany rather than moving back to Jena. Some branches of Carl Zeiss Jena have however been outsourced as an independent company called Jenoptik with headquarters in Jena, that has become a renowned producer of laser technology and optical instruments, as well. Similarly, Analytik Jena has specialised on (bio-)analytical instruments. The overall number of workers drastically declined after reunification. Nevertheless, Jena has attracted considerable investments into its manufactories and research institutes and is now considered one of the economically most successful cities of former East Germany, well keeping up with the times. Carl Zeiss Meditec, a Carl Zeiss subsidiary producing medical technology like surgical microscopes or instruments for eye exams, is headquartered in Jena since 2002, being one of four listed companies based in this city (and one of the highest-grossing).

By plane
There are two small airports in Altenburg (east of Jena) and Erfurt (west of Jena), but the former has no scheduled passenger traffic while the latter is only used by charter flights to Mediterranean holiday destinations.

Coming from far away you will most probably arrive at Frankfurt airport. From there you can either take the ICE high-speed train to Erfurt and then change to a regional train going to Jena (c. 3:15 hours in total), or you can go by car via Autobahn A5 and A4 straight towards Jena. This is approx. 300 km (about three hours during average traffic).

By train
Since the completion of the Leipzig/Halle–Erfurt–Nuremberg high-speed route, Jena is bypassed by most ICE and intercity trains. Once a day each, there is an ICE high-speed train from Hamburg (4 hr 20 min) via Berlin (2½ hr) and an intercity from Stuttgart (almost 5 hr) via Nuremberg (2½ hr). Both of them also stop in Leipzig (1 hr 10 min). Otherwise, you will have to change from high-speed to regional trains either in Erfurt (half-hourly regional trains to Jena, taking half an hour), in Halle (two-hourly, 1 hour) or Leipzig (two-hourly, 1 hr 25 min).

All trains from Erfurt also stop in Weimar from where it takes only a 15 minutes ride to Jena. Morever Jena is served by hourly regional express trains from Gera (half hour) and two-hourly from Göttingen (2 hr 10 min) via Gotha (50 min), from Altenburg (1 hr 20 min) or from Glauchau near Chemnitz (1½ hr).

The city's main station is called

Regional trains from Erfurt, Weimar or Gera arrive at

By car
Jena is not far from the Hermsdorfer Kreuz where the A9 (E49/E51) from Berlin to Munich and the A4 (E40) from Frankfurt to Dresden cross. Just take the way towards Erfurt/Frankfurt and you will reach Jena within minutes.

Get around
You can reach all important destinations by walking. You can also use public transportation (buses and trams), but it is not cheap in Jena. Details at Jenaer Nahverkehr GmbH.

See

Jena is surrounded by hills. Hence there are a lot of very nice opportunities to get a beautiful panorama view of the town. From the towers or the restaurants Wilhelmshöhe and Landgrafen.

Buy
Take a look at GoetheGalerie or Neue Mitte. Here you can find almost anything you need. Another places for shopping are the shopping centres Burgaupark and Schillerpassage.

Eat

As Jena is a student town and a town in the east of Germany, prices are slightly lower than in Western Germany.

Thuringian specialties are: Thüringer Rostbratwurst (Thuringian roaster sausage), Rostbrätel (roasted meat). These can be found at the Grillteufel food stalls.

Budget
All these are in the city centre:

Drink

You should taste black (dark) beer. In all restaurants you will either get Köstritzer or Schwarze Rose. Both are good. You will find many Pils sorts as well. Enjoy nightlife at

Sleep
Accommodation can be booked through the tourist information:

A list of accommodation options can be found at on the towns tourist website

Mid-range
There are lots of good hotels with reasonable prices. Places located in Old Town include:

Stay safe
Although Germany's east is considered to be a bit more dangerous for people looking "foreign", this is generally not a problem in Jena due to the city's international outlook thanks to the many students and specialists at the high-tech plants. Jena is among the towns with the highest ratio of foreigners in eastern Germany. So just take those measures you would normally take in the town you come from. Though, when using the tram to the less well-off suburbs at night, the risk of encountering unpleasant people rises (Germany's most infamous far-right terrorist group originated from a suburb of Jena).

Go next
Buses leaving from the bus terminal adjacent to the main train station are only serving regional destinations of minor touristic interest, such as Eisenberg or Schleiz.

The best option is going by train from Westbahnhof to towns like Weimar (20 min) or Erfurt (40 min). Trains are leaving approximately once an hour.

From the main train station Jena-Paradies, it is possible to go to Dornburg, Rudolstadt (25–30 min) and Naumburg (30 min) by regional train, and to Leipzig (just over an hour), Berlin, Nuremberg (2½ hours each) and Munich (3 hr 50 min) by ICE high speed train. Trains leaving every two hours.

People who like hiking might try the Thüringenweg, a 400 km hiking trail.

Cyclists will enjoy the Saale-Radweg (Saale bike trail; next stages are Dornburg and Naumburg, 49 km downriver, or Saalfeld, 54 km upriver) or the so-called Thüringer Städtekette (Thuringian city chain; next stages are Weimar (24 km west) or Gera (61 km east)).

title: Jena


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Jenin

Jenin is a 4,000-year-old city in the north West Bank now populated by Palestinians.

Understand
The name of Jenin is derived from the biblical Ein Ganim and means the spring of gardens. Surprisingly many people in Jenin speak German, which is probably due to the Cinema Jenin.

Further information can be acquired from:

Get in
The is right in the centre.

The most logical way to enter would be to fly into Ben Gurion International Airport in Israel, take a taxi or mini-bus to Damascus Gate in Jerusalem, from there at one of Arab bus stations take bus 18 to Ramallah (₪6.50, less than an hour), cross into Ramallah and take a shared taxi from the central bus station to Jenin (₪35, 1.5-2 h).

From Nablus one can take a service (shared) taxi for ₪15 or a bus for ₪10.

To the Israeli side of the border, taxis from Nazareth cost ₪150 and from Afula ₪40-50. Alternatively, you can take a bus from Nazareth to Afula for ₪10.90. From Afula there another bus (#52) to the border for ₪7.40. You then cross on foot and take a (shared) taxi or hitchhike the rest of the distance.

Get around
Walking is a practical mode of getting around, taxis can be hired as needed, especially when visiting the interesting sights of the West Bank around.

See
The following popular sights of the West Bank (read here) can conveniently be visited along the road south to/from Jenin when arriving/leaving (even when hitch-hiking): St. George Church (Burqin), Tel Dothan and Arraba village. Furthermore, Umm Al Rihan forest and Zababdeh village of the West Bank are close by and worth a visit.

Buy
Be sure to take advantage of the great bargains that can be found in the many shops. These are great places to find souvenirs!

Eat
There is plenty of Middle Eastern cuisine available; falafel, shawarma, hummus, the works. There are a couple of excellent places near the bus station where the food is made on the spot.

Drink
There are many coffee vendors and you can find alcoholic drinks in Zababdeh village near the city.

Go next
Similar to how to to Jenin, it is also possible to leave. From the central taxi station, it is easy to travel to many locations within the West Bank.

 * Nablus – One of the oldest cities in the world and famous for its kunafa/kenafeh. If you are on a tight schedule and planning to go to Ramallah, you might want to skip the latter for this more exciting Palestinian city.
 * Nazareth – The largest Arab city in Israel and best known as the home of Joseph and Mary.
 * Tiberias – A large Israeli town northeast and great starting point for Galilee and Golan. Easy to reach from Afula.

title: Jenin


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Jenkintown

Jenkintown is a borough in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, with National Landmarks, an active arts scene, and shops and restaurants. It is approximately 10 miles (16 km) north of Center City Philadelphia.

Understand
The borough is a mostly residential community that is separated into East and West by the Business District that runs along and surrounds Old York Road (Route 611) corridor.

Get in
Jenkintown is located just outside Philadelphia along the Route 611 corridor between Abington and Cheltenham Townships.

By train
Several SEPTA regional rail lines connect Jenkintown to central Philadelphia and other cities in the Philadelphia Region

By car
From Philadelphia: I-76 West, I-95 North.

From Allentown: I-476

By bus
SEPTA provides City Bus service to Jenkintown along Route 55, which follows PA 611 south to Olney Transportation Center in North Philadelphia and north to Willow Grove and Doylestown, and Route 77, which heads west to the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia and east to Northeast Philadelphia.

By plane
Philadelphia International Airport Fly in from any major airport. Approximately a 30-minute drive from Philadelphia.

See

 * The Jenkintown-Wyncote station building with its Queen Anne-style architecture was designed by famous Philadelphia architect Horace Trumbauer.
 * The Town Lyceum Building (now known as Jenkintown Library) and the Art Deco Strawbridge & Clothier Store are on the National Register of Historic Places.
 * Salem Baptist Church hosted Martin Luther King Jr. two months after his legendary “I Have a Dream” speech at the March on Washington.
 * Curtis Hall Arboretum in nearby Wyncote features a national landmark building, two ponds, 50 different tree species and a Valley of Remembrance honoring World War II veterans.
 * Curtis Hall Arboretum in nearby Wyncote features a national landmark building, two ponds, 50 different tree species and a Valley of Remembrance honoring World War II veterans.

title: Jenkintown


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Jenks

Jenks is in the Green Country region of Oklahoma. Jenks' landscape is very similar to Tulsa's (it is right next to it) which is green with lots of trees and hills. It is right next to the Arkansas River, Riverparks, and it is near to many of the attractions in Tulsa. Its people are very friendly too, they have that famous Southern charm.

Get in
It is very easy to get into Jenks since it is adjacent to Tulsa. The Creek turnpike runs through Jenks (will cost you 65 cents), and there is a bridge at 96th and Riverside from Tulsa. There is an airport in Jenks, but planes from major terminals do not usually fly in.

Get around
There might be some buses that run through Jenks, but it is easier to get around by car or by walking. Since Jenks is a smaller town, they have no tolerance for speeding! The policeman are notoriously known by Tulsans as being sneaky.

Stay safe
Oklahoma Weather is very harsh on road conditions and road repairs are needed on an almost yearly basis here. Please be prepared to slow down or stop for road workers as fines double for accidents in work zones as specified by Oklahoma State Law.

There have been numerous plane and commuter jet crashes at the Riverside Airport over the last 5 years. Almost all of these occurred during nighttime or rainy weather landings which make flights into that airport not the safest of choices. Caution is advised during these conditions when landing at Riverside Airport.

Go next

 * Tulsa is just a bridge crossing away from Jenks and connects directly the Southern tip of the city.

title: Jenks


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Jenner

Jenner is a very small town overlooking the mouth of the Russian River in California. What you see here is about all there is in town. It is a quiet, relaxing place. Jenner is an excellent base to explore the Russian River area: it's on the coast, close to the redwood forests (including a state reserve), and near the Russian River wine country. As with most North Coast towns, Jenner can be considerably cooler than inland; but often a ten-minute drive inland will take you from cool fog and rain to sunshine.

Get in
The most direct route by car, from the south (San Francisco) is Highway 101 north to Highway 116 West, in Cotati. Drive 116 west (and north) 9 miles to Sebastopol; turn left on Bodega Highway. When you reach Highway 1, turn (right) north to Jenner, which is very close.

Alternatively, from 101, take River Road (north of Santa Rosa) west until you reach Highway 1, then turn north.

Do

 * Explore the coast. Drive north or south on Hwy 1, and you will find many trails and beaches". Casual swimming is discouraged because of rip currents and heavy surf.  Near the mouth of the Russian River, Goat Rock State Beach has an easily accessed sandy beach, picnic tables, and restroom facilities.  The beach is home to a colony of harbor seals which are fun to watch.  To protect the seals, no dogs are allowed.
 * Dive for abalone, a shellfish prized as a delicacy. Be sure to familiarise yourself with the California abalone regulations, including a minimum size limit of 7 inches, and prohibition of using scuba gear when diving for abalone.
 * Scuba dive. Note: Jenner is just outside of the notorious "Red Triangle", an area where swimmers encounter great white sharks more frequently, and it's safer to look like a seal in the water.
 * Explore the river estuary by kayak. Try Lotus Kayak Rentals, near the Sea Gull gift shop, Phone: +1 707 865-9604.

Sleep

 * A plus (or minus) is that there is no wifi or cell phone reception here.
 * A plus (or minus) is that there is no wifi or cell phone reception here.

Go next

 * Fort Ross – off Hwy 101. Original and reconstructed buildings of the southernmost Russian settlement from the early 1800s. (Three miles north of Fort Ross is Timber Cove Resort, an upscale place to stay on the coast.)

From Jenner, escape north on Highway 1 as it winds its way up along Russian Gulch Beach, Fort Ross (where Russia maintained a trading outpost and fort in the early 19th century), Kruse Rhododendron State Park, Gualala, and points beyond. The road is curvy and often runs with no guard rails high above the rocky coast—not for the faint-hearted or those prone to car sickness.

Wineries abound elsewhere in the Russian River area and Napa Valley.

title: Jenner


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Jenolan Caves

The Jenolan Caves are in the Blue Mountains region of New South Wales, Australia. The cave system has been dated to 340 million years, making them the oldest known caves on Earth. The tours and the caves have won numerous awards, and are considered Australia's most outstanding cave system.

Understand
Jenolan's main attractions are the ten spectacular caves that are open to the public, filled with astonishing limestone formations. The caves are open all year. They are very popular, receiving 250,000 visitors per year. Between 2008 and 2013, Jenolan Caves won awards for their array of tours, activities and facilities. Visitors can spend a couple of hours and see only 1 cave or stay for a week and have a thorough escape at Jenolan Caves. During school holidays and on long weekends you may find Jenolan Caves crowded (and may have to park in the upper car park), but there will be many more cave tours as well, to cater for all the visitors. The Jenolan Reserve is state heritage listed.

The location and contact information for the site is as follows:

Get in
The cave staff recommend downloading their 'Jenolan' app before you arrive to help with marking your bushwalks and for audio tours.

By car
By car it will take you about 3 hours from Canberra and 2 hours and 40 minutes from Sydney. If you are arriving from the direction of Sydney, Katoomba and Lithgow, the last section of the road into the Jenolan Valley is very windy and narrow. Therefore, it is one way into Jenolan, 11:45AM-1:15PM everyday, to allow coaches to enter safely on the narrow road. Visitors can still leave Jenolan during these times - via the Oberon Road/Tourist Drive 1, which is also less windier, but takes a little bit longer.

Campervans are fine, but the road is unsuitable for caravans and trailers. There are caravan parks in Lithgow and Oberon, where you can leave your trailer.

Normally there is plenty of free parking. However, on long weekends, such as Easter, allow extra travel time and book ahead. Please do not take pets into the Jenolan Reserve, as it is a National Park.

By bus
CDC Tours in Katoomba run a single coach from Katoomba to Jenolan. Departs Katoomba daily at 10:35AM, that gives you plenty of time to get the train up from Sydney if you like. It arrives at Jenolan in time to do an 12:30PM cave tour, and you can also do one other tour in the afternoon before returning to Katoomba by 5PM. Trains run late back to Sydney, so again, you have the opportunity to return to Sydney the same day. The bus isn't part of the Sydney transportation system, so costs $90 return for Adults, and $80 return for Children.

By tour
Tours run from Sydney by several operators, including Gray Line, A.A.T. Kings and F.J Tours. Some multi-day tours for the Blue Mountains will include a trip to Jenolan.

By walking
While the route into the reserve is quite steep into the valley, the reserve area is fairly flat. Most people will be able to get around to each of the cave tours. Most tours do involve quite a bit of walking on uneven routes; if mobility is an issue, check out the Imperial Cave tour first.

Fees and permits
Visiting the reserve is free. However, cave tours do cost some amount.

See

 * Grand Arch - As you enter into the reserve area, you'll pass on your road under a nearly 130-m-long arch, giving your first taste of the show caves in the reserve.
 * Blue Lake - A man-made dam built in 1889 to provide hydroelectric power to the cave systems lighting. Its bright blue colour comes from the refraction of light that bounces off limestone deposits. Local animals can be seen at the lake, including platypuses.
 * Caves House - A heritage-listed hotel, designed in the Federation Arts & Crafts style. This is where you'll go for tickets to the caves. The house also includes accommodation (see Sleep), Chisolm's Restaurant, gift shop and cafe.
 * Underground Concerts - Every month, Georg Mertens (solo cello virtuoso) performs on the 3rd Saturday, while the Paganini Duo (wicked violin and sensual guitar) performs on the 4th Saturday, in the Cathedral Cave (followed by free wine and cheese in Caves House). Throughout the year, there are additional concerts by a variety of performers. Several times a year, there are major concerts in the Grand Arch.

Do

 * Walks in the rugged mountain bush are clearly marked and free of charge. Easier walks take you around the Blue Lake or along the Jenolan River, passed waterfalls and Australia's first hydroelectricity plant (still in operation). More strenuous walks take you to high lookouts and past natural arches. On any walk, you may encounter Australian native wildlife such as kangaroos and platypuses. Jenolan Caves is in a huge nature reserve, part of the Blue Mountains World Heritage area.

 * Discount on cave tours are available by presenting your 'Jenolan Pass' from a previous tour (up to a year old). This will give you half off most of the 'show' cave tours.
 * Tour Guides are very knowledgeable and friendly, especially on smaller tours (end of the day)
 * Cave Tour lengths and group sizes:
 * Temple of Baal Cave, 25 people, 1.5 hr - A cave known for its beauty
 * Diamond Cave, 30 people, 1.5 hr
 * Lucas Cave, 60 people, 1.5 hr - Known for its breathtaking Cathedral chamber and the Broken Column
 * Orient Cave, 25 people, 1.5 hr - Known for its visual and naturally decorated chamber
 * Chifley Cave, 40 people, 1 hr - Each chamber is filled with hidden gems and becomes more exquisite as the tour goes on
 * River Cave, 25 people, 2 hr
 * Imperial Cave, 35 people, 1 hr - The least strenuous tour of the collection, great for less mobile people and small families
 * Imperial Diamond Cave, 30 people, 1.5 hr
 * Ribbon Cave, 8 people, 1.5 hr
 * Chifley's Secret Chambers tour, 8 people, 1.5 hr
 * Plughole, 12 people, 2 hr
 * Ghost tours are available on Wednesday and Saturday nights at 8PM. You must book ahead for this serious torchlight tour, on which gimmicks, sound effects, etc., are never used. Your guide will tell you tales of the unexplained, often from their own experiences. Other night tours are available (not Sundays).
 * Children's tours are available during New South Wales school holidays only. Cave tours for kids and teens provide understanding of the unique environment, its strange life forms, fun, teamwork, leadership skills and a break for parents in school holidays.
 * Children's tours are available during New South Wales school holidays only. Cave tours for kids and teens provide understanding of the unique environment, its strange life forms, fun, teamwork, leadership skills and a break for parents in school holidays.

Eat

These facilities are not just for Caves House guests - all are welcome. Also, all visitors to Jenolan Caves are welcome to wander through the charming foyer and guest lounge (formerly the ballroom) of Caves House.

Sleep
Much of the reserve has accommodation for different types of travellers. Some are intentionally close by to Jenolan Caves House, others are a bit farther away.

Splurge

For all fully serviced rooms, you can choose a dinner, bed and breakfast package, which reduces the cost of your overall stay. A wide range of packages is available. Also, all guests get a 20% discount on their first 'show' cave tour.

Connect
In the valley & reserve, only Telstra mobile services will work. In the caves and in the National Park, there are no mobile services.

Go next

 * Oberon - A small pretty town, with gardens and a dam. Not too far out of the way when visiting the caves.
 * Katoomba - Back to the peak of the Blue Mountains.

title: Jenolan Caves


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Jeonju

Jeonju (전주, 全州) is the capital of North Jeolla province, South Korea. It is an administrative, educational, and cultural center in the central part of Jeollabuk-do. The area is 206.2 ㎢, accounting for 2.6% of the total area of Jeonbuk. As of 2020, the population was 666,177, accounting for 36.3% of the total population of Jeonbuk.

Understand
Jeonju has been a central city in the Jeolla region for centuries. It was regarded as the birthplace of the Joseon dynasty, as the royal family clan was from Jeonju.

Jeonju has many traditional architectures and heritages, and even the expressway tollgate is in shape of hanok.

By train
KTX trains to Jeonju Station from Seoul depart from Yongsan Station, with some departing from Seoul Station. This is the fastest but most expensive option, taking about 2 hours from Seoul. Basic KTX fare from Seoul to Jeonju is ₩29,400 (2023).

Reaching Jeonju by train from the Gyeongsang region (Busan, Gyeongju, Changwon) require a detour and a transfer usually at Osong Station.

By bus
The Express Bus Terminal (고속버스터미널) and Intercity Bus Terminal (시외버스터미널) are right next to each other.

From Seoul, express buses departing from Central City Terminal are available for as little as ₩6,900 (child) ₩13,800 (adult) and take 2 hours and 40 minutes. From Incheon Airport, there are limousine buses that run every half hour that will take you near city hall in Jeonju. It takes 3 hours and 30 minutes. From Busan, express buses leave approximately every hour and cost ₩24,900. The trip takes around 3 hours.

Every bus trip makes at least one rest stop during the journey for about 15 minutes at a rest area where you can grab a bite or use the restroom.

By bus
There's an excellent public bus system that costs ₩1,300. All buses have free wifi. Line 1000, with a trolleybus livery, is designed for tourists and connects the train station and bus terminals to the hotel district and hanok village.

By taxi
Meter drop for taxis is ₩2,800. From the station to Hanok Maeul (Hanok Village) it's about ₩5,500.

By foot
Due to its relatively small size the main tourist spots can be fairly well seen by foot; sights like Deokjin Park, Wolseon Park and the city centre are not that far from each other.

By bike
Kakao T Bike, a shared electric bike service, is available in most of the city. There are no designated stations so the bikes can be left wherever as long as they are locked and accessible. ₩1,130 for the first 15 minutes and ₩500 for each 5 minutes after.

Do
Watch the local football team Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors FC at the. They are one of the most successful in Korea (8-time K League Winner) and have won the AFC Champions League twice.

Eat
Jeonju is famous for its cuisine. Bibimbap is one of the most famous Korean dishes native to this region. "Bibim" means mixed and "bap" means rice. Served in the traditional brassware, it consists of rice with seasonal stir fried vegetables (carrot, bean sprout, radish, spinach, zucchini, bracken), seaweed (gim), and hot pepper paste (gochujang). It is also available in a hot stone bowl (dol sot), which slowly cooks the egg as you stir the ingredients together. The characteristic thing about Jeonju bibimbap is that it comes with Korean beef tartar (Yukhoe), Hwang Po Mook (a yellow jelly made from mung beans) and raw egg yolk (most of other regions in Korea serve with fried egg). The price for a serving of bibimbap is about ₩10,000. Along with bibimbap, kongnamul gukbap (bean sprout soup with rice) is one of the most popular food in Jeonju. Also give mountain vegetable (san chae) bibimbap a taste, if you're at any of the local mountains.

Some famous Bibimbap restaurants include:

Jeonju-style Bean Sprout and Rice Soup Jeonju is known for its delicious food. Bean sprout and rice soup is called 'kong na mul kuk bap'. Various ingredients make delicious kongnamulkukbap. Bean sprouts are a basic ingredient for this. Jeonju-style bean sprout and rice soup is used a specially-made seasoning in food.

Watery black-bean-sauce noodles (Muljjajang-myeon) Jeonju has had special jjajang-myeon. Original jjajang-myeon is dry and savoury, on the other hand muljjajang-myeon is something spicy and watery. It had transparent soup in the old days, but now it has become reddish and spicy soup as per Jeonju people's taste.

Homemade chocolate pie This chocolate pie is different to other chocolate pies. It is much bigger and sweeter than others. Also there is no marshmallow. It is popular all over the country including Jeonju.

Drink
Jeonju contains some areas for going out for drinks. The area by Jeonbuk National university, referred to by students as the Old Gate, is full of bars, restaurants, and Korean-style pochas catering to those in their 20s.

Another popular zone is Sinsigaji located in front of the provincial government building. This area is relatively new and has more variety of restaurants, bars, and clubs than the Old Gate. This area caters to university students and older audiences as well.

Foreign bars in Jeonju include J.R.'s Saloon, Deepin, Art & Travel, Tombstone and Mad Hungry.

Crude liquor (Moju) Crude liquor is an alcohol used as a hangover-chaser. It is made from makgeolli which mixed 8 medicinal herbs. Medicinal herbs are ginger, jujube, cinnamon, pear, etc.

Sleep

Hanok village stays
Traditional Korean traditional house accommodation.

Connect
Just like in the rest of Korea, internet cafes, known as PC Bang (look for signs showing PC방) are plentiful in Jeonju, these provide high speed internet access and modern desktop usage for around ₩1,000 an hour.

Go next
Buses regularly leave for Busan and other cities. The intercity and express bus terminal are very close to each other on the river.

title: Jeonju


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Jepara

Jepara is a coastal town in Central Java province, northeast of Semarang. It is well-known for its wood carvings and furniture industry. Jepara is one of the departure points for ferries going to Karimunjawa.

By bus
Small, mostly non air-conditioned, buses leave Semarang's Terboyo bus terminal daily 05:00–17:00 and cost Rp15,000–20,000. Expect to pay twice if you put your backpack on an empty seat (there are no luggage compartments on small buses).

There are more comfortable air-conditioned shuttle vans (known as travel) from Semarang, Yogyakarta, and Solo, mostly departing from the various agencies' offices. From Semarang the journey takes around 2 hours and costs around Rp25,000–35,000. These buses have departures later than the cheap intercity buses.

By taxi
From Semarang you can take a taxi and bargain a price of around Rp275,000. Even if they use the meter it should not be much more than that.

Get around
Taxis are a bit hard to find. Becak (rickshaw) is fairly easy. Motorbikes can be rented from some of the motorcycle dealers or at the Segoro Hotel.

If you know Indonesian, you can call Raja which is a taxi service using a normal SUV-type car. 085 225 111 234 or 081 705 62002.

If you don't speak or can't speak Indonesian, try going to Jepara Indah Hotel, or Kencana Hotel.

The Hotel Segoro at the north end of town (near the gas station) has a travel service and can also charter cars.

Ride-hailing services Gojek is available in Jepara.

Food souvenirs

 * Carang madu, a cracker sprinkled with liquid brown sugar.

Jepara cuisine

 * Blenyik/tempong, raw anchovies that are salted and formed into small fists and then dried.
 * Bongko mento, stir-fried shredded chicken breast mixed with ear mushrooms, glass noodles, and coconut milk, then wrapped in banana leaves.
 * Bontosan, the mashed grouper meat is mixed with rice flour and then wrapped in banana leaves, and then steamed.
 * Horok-horok, made from palm tree flour.
 * Moto belong, a snack made from plantain and sprinkled with grated coconut.
 * Pindang serani, fish soup.
 * Rondho royal, fermented cassava fritter.
 * Sayur betik, using unripe papaya and minced meat as the main ingredients.

Local drink
Try local drinks such as adon-adon coro, made from pandan, ground pepper, cinnamon, cloves, galangal, which is doused with coconut milk, ginger, brown sugar, and water and es gempol, consists of rice flour dough doused with coconut milk and sugar, and often add ice.

Connect
The telephone area code for Jepara is +62 291. For the Karimunjawa archipelago it is +62 297.

Go next
Head out to the Karimunjawa islands on the fast or slow ferry services that service the port.

title: Jepara


text:
Jerada

Jerada is the capital city of the Jerada Province in the Eastern portion of Mediterranean Morocco.

Understand
Jerada sits on the edge of the Beni Snassen Mountains. Slightly elevated, it receives ample amounts of rainfall throughout the year and a brief snow in winter. Temperatures vary from excruciatingly hot in summer, to bitter, teeth-clenching, snow inducing cold in winter.

Estimated population is around 30,000 people within the city and about 50,000 in the province.

Get in
Jerada is in Eastern Morocco, 60 km (1 hour) from the largest city in the East, Oujda. It is most easily accessible from the rest of Morocco via train to Oujda followed by a direct, hour-long grand taxi ride from the main Oujda bus station.

Buses to Oujda – Center of town, 12 dirham, multiple times a day beginning at sunrise. 1 hr 15 min.

Grand Taxi to Oujda – Taxi station “below” the bus station, 15 dirham, 45 min – 1 hr. Before sunrise to just after sunset.

Grand Taxi to Bergem (Ain Beni Matar) – Taxi station, 15 dirham, 45min, easier to fill in the mornings. Wait there for transport to Bouarfa and Figuig

Transport to Gafait (Env volunteer site) – Taxi stand near the marche (market) 7 dirham, 30 min.

CTM station in Oujda on Rue Marrakesh.

Oujda trains to the west begin at 07:15, possible to catch from Jerada if leave by grand taxi early. Look on ONCF for more information. 07:15, 13:10.

SAT Bus (similar to CTM) Leaves from near the post office to Casablanca via Oujda at 18:30.

Hondas (small transports) cost 10-20 dirhams to transport heavy items to anywhere in Jerada

Petit Taxi to Hassi Billal – opposite big roundabout by post office, 3 dirham daytime 5 dirham nighttime.

City bus to Hassi Billal – by SAT station near post office – 2 dirham, stops at round about near Hay Jedid

Get around
There are three main streets that traverse the city. As stated above, a city bus travels down one of the streets all the way to a small satellite city named Hassi Billal. Walking is the preferred mode of transportation, though automobile traffic isn't discouraged or unheard of.

Buy
Saturday souq located “uptown” beyond the marche, away from town, Sunday souq located in Hay Jedid, on the road to Hassi Billal. There's a daily market in the center of town and on the various downtown streets. The souq has many different items for sale, from food to second-hand clothing and shoes.

Eat
The absolute best Raib, a type of yogurt, can be found at Abdullah’s hanoot, opposite the new garden/open space on the road to the Hassi Billal.

Outside of the daily market are Karan stalls, an Eastern specialty consisting of ground humus in a baguette. ½ dirham to dirham. Opt for the salt/pepper combo and hot spice to give the sandwich some flavor.

Two brothers hanoot, or store. First hanoot “down” from the post office on the left. Extremely friendly, speak some English, love to laugh and make excellent Jebin sandwiches. Also on that road, past the hanoot is a restaurant.

On the road to Hassi Billal on the right is another restaurant with a very respectable lunch, they make a very good tagine. If you're part of a group, eat here... sizable portions.

Across from the taxi stations to Oujda is a man with a store... quite possibly the best lunch food in the city. It's a small space, packed during the lunch hour, 12-15 dirhams will buy you a plate of the best food of your life.

Café Royal. Enough said. Pastries, coffee, tea and juice. This place is the epitome of class in this small city. On the main road "above" the post office. Can't miss it.

Drink
Drink at any of the number of cafés in the city. Can't really go wrong, they each have their own flavor.

Go next
See above on how to get in!

title: Jerada