text:
Sylheti phrasebook

In Sylheti: ছিলটী /ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ Silôṭi; in Bengali: সিলেটী Sileṭī is the language of Sylhet (the Surma Valley), located in the north-eastern region of Bangladesh, and also spoken in parts of the Northeast Indian states of Assam (the Barak Valley and the Hojai district) and Tripura (the North Tripura district). It is also spoken by a significant population in the other north-eastern states of India and some citizens in the United Kingdom, United States, and amongst the expatriate communities in South-east Asia (Malaysia, Singapore) and the Middle East.

Pronunciation guide
Pronouncing Syloti words will be much easier if you note:

Vowels
/i/ (ꠁ)
 * Press
 * sif [siɸ]

/ɛ/ (ꠄ)
 * Spit
 * sef [sɛɸ]

/ɔ/ (ꠅ)
 * Snack
 * sof [sɔɸ]

/a/ (ꠀ)
 * Pressure
 * saf [saɸ]

/u/ (ꠃ)
 * Quite
 * suf [suɸ]

Fricative
/k~x/ (ꠇ/ꠈ)
 * Room
 * Kuta (kúʈá) with high tone.
 * Taunting
 * Kuta (kùʈà) with low tone.
 * Stick
 * Kuta (kūʈā) with mid tone.
 * Deaf
 * Xal (xál) with high tone.
 * Skin or Canal
 * Xal (xàl) with low tone.
 * Bad-time
 * Xal (xāl) with mid tone.

/ɸ~f/ (ꠙ/ꠚ)
 * Goat
 * Fata (ɸáʈá) with high tone.
 * Torn
 * Fata (ɸàʈà) with low tone.
 * Grindstone
 * Fata (ɸāʈā) with mid tone.
 * Fan
 * Faxa (ɸáxá) with high tone.
 * Empty
 * Faxa (ɸàxà) with low tone.
 * Ripe
 * Faxa (ɸāxā) with mid tone.

Voiced fricative
/z/ (ꠎ/ꠏ)
 * Net
 * zal (z̀al) with low tone.
 * Spicy
 * zal (zál ) with high tone.

/ɦ/ (ꠢ)
 * Lid
 * hora (hòra) with low tone
 * Move it
 * hora (hóra) with high tone

Flap
/ɾ/ (ꠞ)
 * Stay
 * ro (rò) with low tone.
 * Cultivate
 * ro (ró ) with high tone.

Approximant
/l/ (ꠟ)
 * Take, Catch
 * lo (lò) with low tone.
 * Purchase
 * lo (ló ) with high tone.

Nasals
/m/ (ꠝ)
 * I
 * mui/ami
 * Mom
 * mai
 * Mom's elder sister (aunty)
 * moi

/n/ (ꠘ)
 * Take a bath
 * nao (náo) with high tone.
 * Boat
 * nao (nāo) with mid tone.

/ŋ/ ( ꠋ )
 * Dizziness
 * un(g)ani
 * River
 * gan(g)

Plosive/Affricate
/b/ (ꠛ/ꠜ)
 * Bangle
 * bala (bàlà) with low tone.
 * Good, Welfare
 * bala (báĺá) with high tone.

/d̪/ (ꠖ/ꠗ)
 * Donation
 * dan (dàn) with low tone.
 * Paddy
 * dan (dán) with high tone.

 * Damn
 * dur (dúr) with high tone.
 * du-ro-reba (m), dur-rego (f)
 * Far
 * dur (dūr) with mid tone.
 * dur-oi, dur-duran
 * Go-away, get lost
 * dur (dùr) with low tone.
 * dur-za

/ɡ/ (ꠉ/ꠊ)
 * Scolding
 * gail (g̀ail) with low tone.
 * Beater
 * gail (gáil) with high tone.

Tones
There are three tones in Sylheti that must be followed for proper pronunciation. Never underestimate the importance of these tones. Change of tone changes the meanings in Sylheti.

 * 1. first tone ( "high tone" )
 * á
 * 2. second tone ( "low tone" )
 * à
 * 3. third tone ( "mid tone" )
 * ā

Writing
Sylheti used to be written in its own script, Syloti Nagri (ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ ꠘꠣꠉꠞꠤ), or Sylhet Nāgrī, the name of its parent writing system similar in style to Kaithi but with differences, though nowadays it is invariably written in Bengali script without matching the Sylheti sounds, tones or pronunciations.

In the 19th century, the British tea-planters in the area referred to Sylheti as Sylhettia. In Assam, the language is still referred to as Srihattiya, the name used in ancient literature. Sylhet has a rich heritage of literature in the Syloti Nagri script going back at least 200 years. The Sylheti script includes 5 independent vowels, 5 dependent vowels attached to a consonant letter and 27 consonants. The Syloti Nagri alphasyllabary differs from the Bengali alphabet as it is a form of Kaithi, a script (or family of scripts) which belongs to the main group of North Indian scripts of Bihar. The writing system's main use was to record religious poetry, described as a rich language and easy to learn.

During the 1971 Liberation War, when all Syloti Nagri printing presses were destroyed, the writing system came to a halt. After Bangladesh gained independence, the government of the newly formed Bangladesh mandated Bangla studies and the use of the Bengali alphabets as a curriculum to be taught at all levels of education. Efforts to establish Sylheti as a modern language were vigorously opposed by political and cultural forces allied to successive Bangladeshi governments.

Devanagari देवनागरी characters for Sylheti writing
Note that these characters are not used in writing Sylheti: Bengali alphabets lack similarity to Syloti Nagri script. Due to this, below are the Devanagari scrip representing the Syloti Nagri. To see Syloti characters visit www.omniglot.com.

Note that a few characters below have dual pronunciation:
 * The क (ch) is equivalent to the English "chemist" and to the Scottish "Loch".
 * The च (c) is equivalent to both "centimeter" and "change"
 * The छ (s) is equivalent to both "Scene" or "Schist"
 * The ह (h/ħ mute) is equivalent to "host or "honour".

Note that the following characters below have triple pronunciation:
 * The व (o/v/w) is equivalent to "Odin" "Versus" "Woden"
 * The ख (k/kh/x) is equivalent to "Kahn", "Khan" or "Xan".
 * The श (sh/x/ħ mute) is equivalent to "shush"& "hush", or to "Xan" & "Han", or else to "hour".

Grapheme signs
The Dvisvara symbol: The Anusvara symbol:

Greeting
Hello in Sylheti
 * oba (formal for male)/ogo (formal for female)
 * oi (gender neutral informal)
 * omae (very informal, to express irritation or anger)

 * Muslims etiquette is to say 'may peace be upon you'.
 * "Assalamu alaikum" in Arabic

 * In reply Muslim etiquette is to say 'may peace be upon you too'.
 * "Wa alaikum assalam" in Arabic

 * Hindu etiquette is to say 'humble welcome'.
 * "Nomoshkhar" in Sanskrit
 * Body language - folded hands touching the forehead while saying the word/s

 * Inter-religious etiquette
 * Saying "Adab", means 'take my regards'.

 * Common traditional etiquette
 * Fao-dori salam/adab
 * Body language - the touching of the feet of elderly person and saying following word/s

Bye
 * zaiargi bala taxba
 * Te bala taxba, rakidei (in Telephone)

How are you (as good-are-you?)?
 * bála ni afne? (formal)
 * bála ni tumi? (informal)
 * bála ni tui? (very informal)

Welcome
 * aioukka, aioin (very formal)
 * aukka, ain (formal)
 * ao, aore, aogo (f), aoba (m), aiore, aiogo (f), aioba (m) - (formal/informal)
 * ae, ai-o (informal)
 * aebe, aere (very informal)
 * aome (very informal and expressing anger, frustration or irritation, basically not so welcome)

Congratulations
 * Shabash

Have a blessed Eid
 * Eid Mubarokh

Happy Anniversary
 * Shalgira Mubarokh

Farewell
 * Allahr Haola. (lit. [with] God's Authority)

Good bye.
 * Khuda/Allah Hafiz. (Muslim lit. God/Allah protect you)

Forms of Address
'''Mr _____. (Muslim)'''
 * _____ Miah. Miah _____.

'''Mr _____. (Hindu)'''
 * Sri _____. [Shee-ree]

'''Ms _____. (Muslim)'''
 * _____ Begum. Begum _____.

'''Ms _____. (Hindu)'''
 * Srimoti _____. [Shee-ree-mô-tee]

Sir (Muslim)
 * Jonab [Jô-nah-b] Huzur [Hooh-zooh-r]

Sir (Hindu)
 * Babu Moshai [Bah-booh Môshah-ee]

'''Respectable _____. (Muslim)'''
 * _____shaheb.

'''Respectable _____. (Hindu)'''
 * _____babu. [bah-booh]

Dr (Muslim)
 * Dakhtor shaheb

Dr (Hindu)
 * Dakhtor babu [Dah-kh-tôr bah-booh]

Meeting
Hello. (lit. How are you?)
 * Bhala ni? [Bah-lah nee?] (informal)

Are you good?
 * (Aphne) bhala asoin ni? (formal) (Tumi) bhala aso ni? (informal) (Tui) bhala asos ni? (very informal)

I'm good, thanks be to God.
 * Bhala asi, Shukur Allahr.

(I'm) fine, and are you good?
 * (Ami) bhala asi, ar aphne bala asoin ni?

What is your name?
 * Aphnar nam kita? (formal) Tumar nam kita? (informal) Tor nam kita?

My name is ______ .
 * mor nam oilo ______ . (formal)
 * nam oilogi ______ . (informal)

Nice to meet you.
 * bála laglo afnar log faia. (formal)
 * bála laglo tumar log faia. (informal)
 * bála laglo tor log faia. (very informal)

Same here.
 * Ami hoi o. [Ah-mee ô-ee-yô] (lit. me too)

Long time no see!
 * Oto buile na dekhlam! [ô-tô booh-ee-leh nah deh-kh-lah-m!]

What?
 * Ji? [Jee?] (formal - as in pardon?/sorry?) Kita? [Kee-tah?] (informal - as in come-again?/what?) Khixor? [Kee-hôr] (implying in no respect - as in what nonsense?) Hi? [Hee?] or He? [Heh?] (extremely rude - as in What? Err!)

What is this?
 * Okhṭa kita? [ôkh-ṭah kee-tah?]

Yes.
 * Ji hoe. [Jee ôh-eh] (formal) Hoe. [ôh-eh] (informal)

No.
 * Ji na. [Jee nah] (formal) Na. [Nah] (informal)

Please.
 * Doea-khori. [Dô-yah khô-ree] (informal)

Thank you.
 * Shukria. [Shooh-k-ree-yah] (highly formal) Doniobad. [Dô-een-yôbah-d] (formal)

'''You're welcome. (lit. It was nothing)'''
 * Kichchu hoito nae [Kee-ch-chooh ôh-ee-tô nah-eh]

You're welcome!
 * Marhaba [Mah-r-hah-bah]

Welcome (lit. Please come in.)
 * Aoka [Ah-ô-kah]

You're most/always welcome.
 * Aphnar phroti marhaba. [Ah-f-nah-r frô-tee mah-r-hah-bah] (formal) Tumar phroti marhaba. [Tooh-mah-r frô-tee mah-r-hah-bah] (informal)

'''Excuse me. (getting attention)'''
 * E-re! [eh-reh!]

 * Bhai-sahab [Bah-ee sah-b] (when addressing a man)
 * Apha [Ah-fah] or Boin [Bô-een] (when addressing a lady)

Excuse me/Pardon me (to pass by someone)
 * Maf khorba ami rasta sai. [Mah-f khôr-bah ah-mee rah-s-tah sah-ee] Dekhi. [Deh-kee]

Sorry (forgive me)
 * Maf khorba [Mah-f khôr-bah] (highly formal) Maf khoroka [Mah-f khôrooh-kah] (formal) Maf khorbae [Mah-f khôr-bah-eh] (informal)

I love you.
 * Ami tumare bhalaphai. [Ah-mee tooh-mah-reh bah-lah-fah-ee]

I like you.
 * Tumare amar bhala lage. [Tooh-mah-reh ah-mah-r bah-lah lah-geh] Tumare amar phosond aise. [Tooh-mah-re ah-mah-r fôsôn ah-ee-seh]

See ya!
 * Dekha hoibo. [Deh-khah ôh-ee-bô]

See you later.
 * Bade dekha hoibo. [Bah-deh deh-khah ôh-ee-bô]

See you later, then.
 * Te ar dekha hoibo. [Teh ah-r deh-khah ôh-ee-bô]

People
Boy
 * Phua [Fooh-wah]

A boy's...
 * Ekh Phuar ___. [Eh-kh fooh-wah-r]

Girl
 * Furi [Fooh-ree]

A girl's...
 * Ekh furir ___. [Eh-kh fooh-ree-r]

Man
 * Beṭa [Beh-ṭah]

A man's...
 * Ekh beṭar ___. [Eh-kh Beh-ṭah-r]

Woman
 * Beṭi [Beh-ṭee]

A woman's...
 * Ekh Beṭir ___. [Eh-kh Beh-ṭee-r]

A person
 * Ekh manush/manux [Eh-kh mah-nooh-sh/mah-nooh]

A person's...
 * Ekhu manshor/manxor [Eh-gooh mah-n-shôr/mah-nôr]

Someone
 * Ekh-zon [Eh-kh zôn]

Someone's
 * Ekh-zonor [Eh-kh zônôr]

Human-kind
 * Manshor zat [Mah-n-shôr zah-t]

Swordsman
 * Axaidri [Ah-heh-ee-dah-ree]

Hinduism
 * Hinduana [Een-dooh-ah-nah]

Hindu
 * indu [In-dooh]

People of Hind (Indian)
 * industani [Een-dooh-stah-nee] Bharotia [Bah-rô-tee-yah]

People of Sylhet
 * Silhoṭia [See-lôh-ṭee-yah]

People of Assam (Assamese)
 * Ahomia [Ah-hô-mee-yah]

People of Assyria (Assyrian)
 * Ahura [Ah-hooh-rah] Ahuria [Ah-hooh-ree-yah]

People of the Dhaka region
 * Daxaia [Dah-khah-ee-yah]

Everyone
 * Hokhol [Hô-khôl] (all) Hokkol [Hôk-kôl] (each and everyone)

Places
Everything
 * Xokholta [Hô-khôl-tah]

Dhaka
 * Dhakha [Dah-khah]

Assam
 * Axom [Ah-hôm]

Sylhet
 * Silhot [See-lôh-t]

Shallow wetland
 * Haor [Ah-wôr]

Wetland
 * Bil [Beel]

Seven wetlands
 * Xat bila [Hah-t bee-lah]

Family relationship
Paternal Grandparents
 * Dadu [Dah-dooh]

Maternal Grandparents
 * Nanu [Nah-nooh]

Paternal Grandfather
 * Dadazi [Dah-dah-zee] Dada [Dah-dah]

Paternal Grandmother
 * Bibizi [Bee-bee-zee] Bibi [Bee-bee] (means my dad's mother) Dadi [Dah-dee] (means my granddad's wife)

Maternal Grandfather
 * Nanazi [Nah-nah-zee] Nana [Nah-nah]

Maternal Grandmother
 * Nanizi [Nah-nee-zee] Nani [Nah-nee]

Father
 * Baba [Bah-bah] (formal) Baph [Bah-f] (informalt)

Dad
 * Abba [Ah-b-bah] Bazan [Bah-zah-n] Babazi [Bah-bah-zee] Abbazan [Ah-b-bah-zah-n]

Mother
 * Ma [Mah] Mai [Mah-ee]

Mum
 * Maizi [Mah-ee-zee] Amma [Ah-m-mah] Ammazan [Ah-m-mah-zah-n]

Son
 * Fut [Fooh-t]

Daughter
 * Zi [Zee] Khonia [Khôn-yah] (also means bride)

Big brother
 * Bhaisahab [Bah-ee-sah-b] (Muslim) Dada [Dah-dah] (Hindu)

Little brother
 * Huru/Geda Bhai [hu-ru/ge-da Bah-ee]

Brother
 * Bhai [Bah-ee]

Big sister
 * Buai [Booh-wah-ee] Boro apha [Bôrô ah-fah] Apha [Ah-fah] Didi [Dee-dee] (Hindu)

Little sister
 * Boni [Bô-nee]

Sister
 * Boin [Bô-een]

Husband
 * Zamai [Zah-mah-ee] (Muslim) Beṭa [Beh-ṭah] Bor [Bôr] (Hindu)

Wife
 * Bow [Bôw] (Mislim) Bhodu [Bôh-dooh] (Hindu) Stri [Stee-ree] (formal)

Maternal uncle
 * Mamuzan [Mah-mooh-zah-n] Mamuzi [Mah-mooh-zee] Mama [Mah-mah]

Maternal uncle's wife
 * Mamani [Mah-mah-nee] Mami [Mah-mee]

Maternal aunty/Auntie
 * Moi [Mô-ee] Moizi [Mô-ee-zee] Khala [Khah-lah] Khala-amma [Khah-lah Ah-m-mah]

Maternal aunty's husband
 * xalu [Khah-looh]

Paternal uncle
 * Sasa (bafor-baekur) Sasazan [Sah-sah-zah-n] Sasazi [Sah-sah-zee] Sasa [Sah-sah]

Paternal uncle's wife
 * Sasi-amma [Sah-see ah-m-mah] Sasizi [Sah-see-zee] Sasi [Sah-see]

Paternal aunty/Auntie
 * Fufu-amma [Fooh-fooh ah-m-mah] Fufuzi [Fooh-fooh-zee] Fufu [Fooh-fooh]

Paternal aunty's husband
 * Fufazi [Fooh-fah-zee] Fufa [Fooh-fah]

Father-in-law
 * hour [Hô-ooh-r] Abba [Ah-b-bah] (dad)

Mother-in-law
 * hoṛi [Hô-ṛee] Amma [Ah-m-mah] (mum)

 * Bride's Brother to Father/Mother in law
 * Futra [similiar to Putra in Sanskrit for son]

Brother-in-laws:
 * Big sister's husband: Dulha-bhai [Dooh-lah bah-ee]
 * The husbans's older brother: Bhawor [Bah-ooh-r]
 * The husband's younger brother: Dewor [Deh-wôr]
 * The wife's older brother: Shomondik [Shômôn-deek]
 * The wife's older sister's husband: Zeṭa [Zeh-ṭah]
 * The wife's younger brother: Xala [hah-lah]

Sister-in-laws:
 * Big brother's wife: Bhabhi [Bah-bee]
 * The husband's older brother's wife: Zaal [Zah-l]
 * The husband's older sister: Nonhori [Nônôh-ree]
 * The husband's younger sister: Nonond [Nônôn]
 * The wife's's older sister: Zeṭali [Zeh-ṭah-lee]
 * The wife's younger sister: Xali [Hah-lee]

Son-in-law
 * Damand [Dah-mah-n] (Muslim) Zamai [Zah-mah-ee] (Hindu)

Daughter-in-law
 * Phuar-bow [Fooh-wah-r bôw] (Muslim) Bohu [Bôh-ooh] (Muslim) Phutro-bhodu [Fooh-t-rô bô-dooh] (Hindu) Bowma [Bôw-mah] (Hindu)

Friend
 * Bondu [Bôn-dooh] (male) Dusto [Dooh-s-tô] (male) Bandobi [Bah-n-dô-bee] (female)

Boyfriend/girlfriend
 * Shuna-bondu [Shooh-nah bôn-dooh]

Occupations
Teacher
 * Ustad/Mashtor (উছতাদ/মাস্টর)

Student
 * Shagred (শাগরেদ)

Doctor
 * Dakhtor (ডাখতর)

Butcher
 * Khoshai (খসাই)

Housekeeper
 * Daroan (দারোয়ান)

Lawyer
 * Ukil (উকিল)

Judge
 * Kazi (কাজি)

Fireman
 * Domkolwala (দমকলওয়ালা)

Postman
 * Fion (ফিওন)

Milkman
 * Goala (গোয়ালা)

Rickshaw driver
 * Rikshawala (রিক্সাওয়ালা)

Scientist
 * Biggani (বিজ্ঞানী)

Businessman
 * Bebshai (ব্যাবসাঈ)

Horseman
 * Gurasowar (ঘোড়া ছওয়ার)

Trader
 * Befari/Soudagor (বেফারি / সওদাগর)

Tailor
 * Dorzi (দর্জি)

Chef
 * Babursi (বাবুর্চি)

Poet
 * Shayer (শায়ের)

Fisherman
 * Maimol (মাইমল)

Waiter
 * Oitar (ঐটার)

Barber
 * Hajjam (হাজ্জাম)

Wrestler
 * Faluwan (ফালোয়ান)

Cobbler
 * Musi (মুছি)

King
 * Bashsha (বাশশা)

Queen
 * Rani (রাণী)

Prince
 * Shahozada (শাহজাদা)

Peasant
 * Fokir (ফকির)

Princess
 * Shahozadi (শাহজাদী)

Slave
 * Gulam (গুলাম)

Landlord
 * Zomidar (জমিদার)

Dealer
 * Kharbari (খারবারি)

Unemployed
 * Bekhar (বেখার)

Problems
Leave me alone.
 * Amare ekhla takhte deoka/diba. [Ah-mah-reh eh-kh-lah tah-kh-teh deh-ooh-kah/dee-bah] (formal) Amare ekhla takhte deo. [Ah-mah-reh eh-kh-lah tah-kh-teh deh-oh] (informal) Amare ekhla takhte de. [Ah-mah-reh eh-kh-lah tah-kh-teh deh] (implying in no respect)

Leave me alone, will you?
 * Amare ekhla takhte dibe ni?. [Ah-mah-reh eh-kh-lah tah-kh-teh dee-beh nee?] (implying in no respect)

Get lost!
 * Dur hor [Dooh-r-hô-r]

Let me go!
 * Amare saro! [Ah-mah-reh sah-rô!]

I said, don't touch me!
 * Amare sois na khoisi! [Ah-ma-reh sô-ee-s na khô-ee-see!]

I'll call the police.
 * Ami phulish dakhmu. [Ah-mee fooh-leesh dah-kh-mooh] Ami phulish daki laimu. [Ah-mee fooh-leesh dah-khee lah-ee-mooh] Ami phulish daki dimu. [Ah-mee fooh-leesh dah-khee dee-mooh]

'''Police! Officer!'''
 * Phulish! Daroga! [Fooh-leesh Dah-rô-gah]

Look out!
 * Dhekio ! [Deh-kee-yoh]

'''Stop! Thief!'''
 * Sur! Sur! [Sooh-r! Sooh-r!] Ubais! Sur! [Ooh-bah-ee-sss! Sooh-r!] Rakis! Sur! [Rah-kee-sss! Sooh-r!] Uba-rakh! Sur! [Ooh-bah-Rah-kee-sss Sooh-r]

Help!
 * Basao! [Bah-sah-ô!]

I need (some) help.
 * Amar (tura) shaejjo lage. [Ah-mah-r (tooh-rah) sha-eh-j-jô lah-geh]

I need your help.
 * Aphnar shaejjo lage. [Ah-f-nah-r sha-eh-j-jô lah-geh]

Please, help me.
 * Amare shaejjo khorba. [Ah-mah-reh shah-eh-j-jô khô-r-bah] (formal)

Please, can you help me?
 * Aphne amar shaejjo khorba ni? [Ah-f-neh ah-mah-r shah-eh-j-jô khô-r-bah nee?] (formal)

It's an emergency.
 * Ekhṭa aphot goṭi gese. [Eh-kh-ṭah ah-fôt gô-ṭee-geh-seh]

Please, come quick!
 * Zoldi aoka [Zôl-dee ah-oo-kah]

I'm lost.
 * Ami Harai gesi. [Ah-mee ah-rah-ee geh-see]

I lost my bag.
 * Amar beg/sola ṭa harai laise. [Ah-mah-r beh-g/sô-lah ṭah ah-rah-ee lah-ee-see]

I lost my wallet.
 * Amar woleṭ/toli ṭa harai laise. [Ah-mah-r wô-leh-ṭ/tô-lee ṭah ah-rah-ee lah-ee-see]

'''Where is the toilet? :'''
 * Where is the flush toilet? : Bideshi ṭoeleṭ kun khano?
 * Where is the squat toilet? : Lefṭin kun khano?
 * Where is the washroom? : Hosailoe kun khano?
 * Where is the bathroom? : Ghusol-khana/Henan kun khano?
 * Is there a loo? : Fae-khanar bebosta ase ni?

Where is the _______?
 * _______ khun khano?

Can I use your phone?
 * Aphnar phon ṭa bebohar khortam phari ni?

How do you say _____?
 * _____ khemne khoin? _____ khemola(n) khoin?

What is this/that called?
 * Okhṭar/Xokhṭar nam kita?

I don't understand.
 * mui (ami) buziar na. mui (ami) buzlam na mui (ami) buzram na mui (ami) bujchi na.

I can't speak Sylheti (that well).
 * mui (ami) siloti (bála ṭike) mattam fari na.

Do you speak English?
 * Afne Ingrezi matta faroin ni? (formal) Tumi Ingrezi mattae faro ni? (informal)

Is there someone here who speaks English?
 * Oxano kheu asoin ni ze Ingrezi matta faroin?

Learn
 * hikba [Heek-bah]

'''I'm not well. (I'm sick)'''
 * Ami bemar.

I've been injured.
 * Ami dukh phaisi.

I've injured my [name of the body part].
 * Ami amar [_____] o dukh phaisi.

I need a doctor.
 * Amar dakhtor lage.

Before the doctor came, the patient had died.
 * Ḍakhtor awar ageu bemari mori gese.

Going to the doctor
I am in _____.
 * Amar _____ khorer.
 * Pain : Bish
 * Pain (as in muscle pain) : Bish/Bedna

It's _____ here.
 * Ono _____
 * Sore (resulting from an injury) : Duk phai.
 * Itching : Khaozwar.
 * Tickling : Khetkhuti khorer.
 * Tingling : Zinzini khorer.
 * Numb : Set phai na

I've catched a cold.
 * Amar ṭanḍa lagi gese.

I've got a _____.
 * Amar _____ hoi gese. [Ah-mah-r _____ oh-ee geh-seh]
 * Fever. : Taph
 * Cough. : Khawwani
 * Phlegm. : Khash
 * Running nose. : Nakh doria/shordi
 * Diarrhoea. : Pheṭ lama Dasto

I'm _____.
 * Ami _____.
 * Coughing. : Khawwaiar. / Khawwairam.
 * Sneezing. : Esiar. / Esram.

I'm feeling _____.
 * Amar _____ lager.
 * Uncomfortable. : Oshanti
 * Shy. : Shorom

Body-parts
Body
 * Shoril

Skin
 * Samra

Hair
 * Sul

Head
 * Mata

Mouth
 * Mukh

Face
 * Cheyara

tongue
 * Zifra

Tooth, Teeth
 * Daat

Gums
 * Zami

Eyelash
 * Sukor bui [Soh-ooh-koh-r booh-ee]

Eyebrows
 * Sukor bua [Soh-ooh-koh-r booh-wah]

Eyes
 * Suk [Soh-ooh-k] / Noeon [Noh-yoh-n]

Eyelids
 * Sukor phatta [Soh-ooh-koh-r fah-t-tah]

Ears
 * Khaan

Earlobes
 * Khaanor loti

Cheeks
 * Gaal

Nose
 * Nakh

Armpits
 * Bogol

Arms
 * Dakhna

Elbow
 * Khoni

Wrist
 * Hator ghonṭa {Ah-toh-r goh-n-ṭah]

Hand
 * Hat [Ah-t]

Palm
 * Hator gata [Ah-toh-r gah-tah]

Finger, toe
 * Anguil

Nails
 * Nukh [Noh-ooh-kh]

Neck (rear end)
 * Gordona

Throat
 * Gola

Shoulder
 * Khand

Chest
 * Buk

Back
 * Phiṭ

Side
 * Muka

Hip
 * Khomor

Waist
 * Bazu

Heart
 * Dil

Leg(s)
 * Ṭeng

Thigh
 * Urat

Knee
 * Aṭu

Blood
 * Khun

Calf
 * Gusari

Ankle
 * Gonṭa

Foot
 * Phaw

Soles
 * Phawor tola

Numbers
0
 * shuinno (also means: hovering/on air)

1
 * ex

2
 * dui

3
 * tin

4
 * sair, sari

5
 * fas

6
 * soe

7
 * hat

8
 * aṭ

9
 * noe

10
 * dosh

11
 * egaro

12
 * baro

13
 * tero

14
 * souddo

15
 * fondro

16
 * shullo

17
 * hotro

18
 * aṭaro

19
 * unnish

1,00 Êkh sho 1,000 Êkh hajar 10,000 Dôsh hajar 1,00,000 Êkh lakh 10,00,000 Dôsh lakh 1,00,00,000 Êkh kuti 10,00,00,000 Dosh kuti 1,00,00,00,000 Êkh arob 10,00,00,00,000 Dosh arob 1,00,00,00,00,000 Ekh kharob 10,00,00,00,00,000 Dosh kharob

Measurement
whole
 * asta

half
 * aada

one third
 * tin bagor ekh baag

two third
 * tin bagor doi baag

one quarter
 * sair bagor ekh baag

___ quarter
 * sair bagor ___ baag

less
 * khom

more
 * beshi

Weight
Kilogram/s (Kg)
 * Khezi Kilo

Metaphors
Bus number eleven. (Meaning: "Your two legs")
 * Egaro nombor baas

Did you catch the bus number 11 to here? (Meaning: "Did you walk it here?")
 * Egaro nombor baas dori aisoin ni? (formal)
 * Egaro nombor baas dori aiso ni? (informal)

Past present future
before
 * age [ah-geh]

now
 * ongkhu [on-kooh]
 * one [oh-neh]

later
 * bade [bah-deh]

day
 * din [deen]

yesterday
 * gese khail [geh-seh khah-ee-l]

today
 * aizku [ah-eez-kooh]
 * aiz [ah-eez]

tomorrow
 * khailku [khah-ee-l-kooh]
 * khail [khah-ee-l]

day before yesterday
 * gese phorxu [geh-seh foh-rooh]

day after tomorrow
 * phorxudin [foh-rooh-deen]

fortnight
 * soddo rait [soh-d-doh rah-eet]

nowadays
 * aizkhailku [ah-eez-khah-ee-l-kooh]
 * aizkhail [ah-eez-khah-ee-l]

time
 * bela [beh-lah] buil [booh-ee-l] okht [oh-kh-t] bar [bah-r]

seven-times (lots of time)
 * hat-bar [hah-t-bah-r]

every time
 * hara buil [hah-rah booh-ee-l]

last time
 * agor bela [ah-goh-r beh-lah]

this time
 * ebuil [eh-booh-ee-l]

daytime
 * dinor bela [dee-noh-r beh-lah]

nighttime
 * raitkur bela [rah-ee-t-kooh-r beh-lah]

last week
 * agor haphtah [ah-goh-r hah-f-tah]

this week
 * ow haphtah [oh-oo hah-f-tah]

next week
 * bador haphtah [bah-doh-r hah-f-tah]

Morning to night
dawn (the beginning of day)
 * fota

morning
 * bian(i)
 * biyaal

noon
 * duiphor

afternoon
 * madhan

evening (the beginning of night)
 * hainja

dusk
 * beil

night
 * rait

midnight
 * maz-rait

late night
 * hesh-rait [heh-sh rah-eet]

 * "Hesh" is a Syloti pronunciation of the Bengali "Shesh"

end of the night
 * shesh-rait

 * There's no difference in "Xesh"-rait [Heh-sh rah-eet] and "Shesh"-rait [Sheh-sh rah-eet] but only in accent. Literally, they are both the same, but note that "xesh" [heh-sh] is applied to 'late' and "shesh" [sheh-sh] is referred to 'end' quite often in Syloti.

Weeks
Sunday
 * Roibbar

Monday
 * Shombar

Tuesday
 * Mongolbar

Wednesday
 * Budbar

Thursday
 * Bishudbar

Friday
 * Jummabar

Saturday
 * Shonibar

Months

 * Note that these Calendar months do not fall in as January being Mohorrom or Boishakh. All calendars consists of different number of days per month; some are lunar calendars while some are solar calendars.

Seasons
Season(s)
 * Moushum (মৌসুম)

[name of the season] time
 * [____] Khal (কাল)

Summer
 * Grishsho (গ্রীষ্ম)

Rainy (Monsoon)
 * Bôrsha (বর্ষা)

Autumn
 * Shôrot (শরৎ)

Dry
 * Hemonto (হেমন্ত)

Winter
 * Sheet (শীত)

Spring
 * Bôshonto (বসন্ত)

Time
What time is it?
 * Khoe ṭa bazro? Khoe ṭa bazer?

dawn.
 * fota bala.

one AM.
 * rait kur ekh ṭa.

two AM.
 * rait kur dui ṭa.

noon.
 * duiphori bala.

one PM.
 * duiphori balar ekh ṭa.

two PM.
 * duiphori balar dui ṭa.

midnight.
 * maz rait.

9:45 Quarter to ten
 * Phone Dosh ṭa

10:00 Ten O'Clock
 * Dosh ṭa

10:15 Quarter past ten
 * Shuwa Dosh ṭa

10:30 Half past ten
 * Share Dosh ṭa

1:30 Half past one
 * Ḍeṭṭa (avoid saying share ekh ṭa)

2:30 Half past two
 * Aṛaiṭa (avoid saying share dui ṭa)

Duration
minute(s)
 * miniṭ (both singular and plural)

per minute
 * photi miniṭ phoittekh/phortekh miniṭ

hour(s)
 * gonṭa (both singular and plural)

hourly
 * photi gonṭa phoittekh/phortekh gonṭa

day(s)
 * din (both singular and plural)

daily
 * ruz

week(s)
 * haphtah (both singular and plural)

weekly
 * photi haphtah phoittekh/phortekh haphta

month(s)
 * maash (both singular and plural)

monthly
 * photi maash phoittekh/phortekh maash

year(s)
 * bosor/shal (both singular and plural)

yearly
 * photi bosor/shal phoittekh/phortekh bosor/shal

Writing time and date
Time is written in both 12 hour clock and 24hr clock. Only the 12-hour clock is verbally used, to say the clock time, AM or PM, the cycle of day to night and night to day is said before the hour. For example:

AM - PM and o'clock
 * ta

At
 * kur

7:40 AM is said: (at morning seven - forty)
 * bian kur (s)hat ta - sallish

4:45 AM is said: (at dawn quarter to five)
 * rait phuwae phone phash ta

3:10 AM is said: (at late night three - ten)
 * hesh rait kur tin ta - dosh

12:00 AM is said: (at midnight twelve)
 * maz rait kur baro ta

10:20 PM is said: (at night ten - twenty)
 * rait kur dosh ta - bish

7:05 PM is said: (at dusk seven - five)
 * beil kur (s)hat ta - phas

3:20 PM is said: (at day three - twenty)
 * dinor tin ta - bish

From noon to midday, PM is said as: (at day _____ - _____)
 * dinor _____ - _____

Date is written by day first, then the month and last is the year. For example: Day / Month / Year is in writing as 23 [MONTH] 2012, but when speaking one can take the liberty to phrase a certain date as how they like: e.g.

12 Robiul Aowal
 * Robiul Aowalor 12 (baro) tarikh 12 (baro) wi tarikh Robiul Aowal.

25 December
 * Disemboror 25 (phochish) tarikh 25 (phochish) shi tarikh Disembor.

Animals
Lion
 * Sher (শের)

Tiger
 * Bagh (বাঘ)

Cow
 * Gai (গরু)

Elephant
 * Atti (আত্তি)

Fox
 * Hiyal (হিয়াল)

Pigeon
 * Khoitor (কৈতর)

Parrot
 * Tutafaikka (তোতা ফাইক্কা)

Rabbit
 * Khorgush (খরগোশ)

Miscellaneous
Are there any other types of colour?
 * Ar khunu zatir rong ase ni?

colour
 * rong

colourless
 * berong

colourful
 * rongila, rongbirongi, rangi

shiny
 * zokhmokh

dark
 * ghono

light
 * fatla

Primary colours
red
 * lal

green
 * khosua

blue
 * nil

Secondary colours
pink (rosy)
 * golaphi

orange
 * khomla

yellow
 * oilda

purple
 * baingoni

Brown
 * bhuramaṭi

Hueless colours
black
 * khala

gray
 * meghla

white
 * dhola

Jewellery colours
gold
 * shuna

silver
 * rupha

bronze
 * phitol

Travel Queries
How much is a ticket to ___?
 * ___or ṭikeṭor daam khemolan?

One ticket to ___, please.
 * ___or lagi ekh ṭa ṭikeṭ diba. (formal) ___or lagi ekh ṭa ṭikeṭ dibae. (informal)

Where does this train/bus go?
 * Ow train/bus khoi zaibo?

Where is the train/bus to ___?
 * ___or train/bus khun khano?

Does this train/bus stop in ___?
 * Ow train/bus ___o bond oi ni?

When does the train/bus for ___ leave?
 * ___or train/bus khoe ṭa baze sarbo?

When will this train/bus arrive in ___?
 * Ongkhur train/bus khoe ṭa baze ___o aibo?

Directions
Which way to Silchar?
 * Hilsor kun baidi phorse?

How do I get to _____?
 * Ami Khemola(n) _____o zaimu?

How do I get to the train/bus station?
 * Ami khemola(n) train/bus station o zaimu?

How do I get to the airport?
 * Ami khemola(n) iarphuṭo zaimu?

How do I get to downtown?
 * Ami khemola(n) ṭawno zaimu?

How do I get to the youth hostel?
 * Ami khemola(n) iuth hushṭelo zaimu?

How do I get to the _____ hotel?
 * Ami khemola(n) _____ huṭelo zaimu?

How do I get to the American/Australian/British/Canadian consulate?
 * Ami khemola(n) American/Australian/British/Canadian consuleṭo zaimu?

Are there a lot of _____
 * _____ bohut ta ase ni?

Are there a lot of hotels?
 * Huṭel bohut ta ase ni?

Are there a lot of restaurants?
 * reshṭurent...

Are there a lot of bars?
 * baar...

Are there a lot of sites to see?
 * hokhol zagah dekhbar ase ni?

Can you show me the _____ ?
 * Amare _____ khanta dekhaiba ni?

Can you show me the map?
 * Amare meph khanta dekhaiba ni?

street
 * rasta

towards the _____
 * .... ow dikhe, omne di

past the _____
 * ... phalaia

before the _____
 * ... or aage

watch for the _____.
 * ....ow ṭukhu mono khori dekhba.

intersection
 * cross junction

here
 * ono

there
 * hono

(on/to the) right
 * ḍain (e)

(on/to the) left
 * bau (e)

(on/to the) north
 * uttor (e)

(on/to the) south
 * dokkhin (e)

(on/to the) east
 * phub (e)

(on/to the) west
 * phoschim (e)

straight
 * shoi

in front
 * aag (e)

uphill
 * usa ṭila (e)

downhill
 * nisa ṭila (e)

behind
 * khor (e) / phis (e)

Go (___).
 * (___) zauka. (formal) (___) zao.(informal)

Turn around (___).
 * (___) Ghuraoka. (formal) (___) Ghurao.(informal)

Keep going (___).
 * (___) zaite thakhba. (formal) (___) zaite thakho.(informal)

Stop (___).
 * (___) Tamuka. (formal) (___) Tamo.(informal)

Taxi
The only taxi found in and around Sylhet is the auto-rickshaw or baby-taxi (pronounced bebi-teski)

Taxi !
 * Bebi-teski !

Are you going
 * (Aphne) zaira ni?

Take me to _____, please.
 * _____ loia zauka (formal). _____ loia zao. (informal)

How much does it cost to get to _____?
 * _____ zaite khoto loiba?

Take me there, please.
 * Hono loia zauka. (formal) Hono loia zao. (informal)

Keep on driving
 * Salaite takhuka

Stop
 * Rakh ouka

Driving
I want to rent a car.
 * Ami ekhta gari barati loitam sai.

Can I get insurance?
 * (Ami) bima loitam phari ni?
 * (Ami) inshorens loiltam phari ni?

Driving
 * Salanit

I'm driving
 * Ami salanit Ami salaiar Ami salairam

Do you want to go for a drive?
 * Salanit zaiba ni? (highly formal) Salanit zaita ni? (formal) Salanit zaitae ni?(informal) Salanit zaibe ni? (implying in no respect)

Do you drive?
 * Aphne salain ni?

Please go for a long drive
 * Lamba sofor khorouka

I'm going for a long drive
 * Ami garidi lamba soforo zaiar/zairam

one way
 * ekh muka

yield
 * axite deuka [ah-ee-teh deh-ooh-kah] (formal) axite dewo [ah-ee-teh deh-w] (informal) axite de [ah-ee-teh deh] (implying in no respect)

no parking
 * rakhoin na

speed limit
 * ispidor shima

petrol/gas station
 * pheṭṭul/gesh ishtishon

petrol
 * pheṭṭul kheras tel (kerosene oil)

diesel
 * ḍizel

Stations
Station
 * Ishṭishon, Bondor

Bus Stop
 * Bas Isṭoph

Bus station
 * Bas istishon

Airport
 * Biman bondor

Rail station
 * Rel istishon

Train station
 * Relgari istishon

Road
Bus
 * Baas

Rickshaw
 * Rishka

Auto Rickshaw
 * Bebi-ṭeski

Taxi
 * Ṭeski

Car
 * Gaṛi

Motorbike
 * Baik

bicycle
 * saikel

Rail
Train
 * Relgari

Sea or river
Boat
 * Nao, Nouka

Ship
 * Zahz

Air
Aeroplane
 * Biman

Lodging
Do you have any rooms available?
 * "Ekhod koddha khali ase ni?

How much is a room for one person/two people?
 * Ekhzon / duizon manshor lagi kuṭar daam khoto?

Does the room come with bedsheets?
 * Kuṭat bisna-saddor phaimu ni?

Does the room come with _____
 * Kuṭat _____ phaimu ni?
 * bedsheets? : bisna-saddor
 * a bathroom? : gusol-khana
 * a telephone? : ṭeliphon
 * a TV? : ṭelibhishon

May I see the room first?
 * Ami kuṭa ṭa phoela dekhtam phari ni?

Do you have anything cheaper?
 * Aphnar kichcho xosta ase ni? [Af-nah-r kee-ch-chooh hoh-stah ah-seh nee?]

Do you have anything _____.
 * Aphnar kichcho _____ ase ni?
 * quieter? : nirai
 * bigger? : boro
 * cleaner? : saf
 * cheaper? : xosta [hoh-stah]

OK, I'll take it.
 * Ṭik ase, ami loimu.

I will stay for _____ night(s).
 * Ami _____ rait takhmu.

Can you suggest another hotel?
 * Bhala ekhod hoṭel sajeshṭ khorba ni?

Do you have (a) locker(s)
 * lokar ase ni?

Do you have (a) ______(s)
 * ______ ase ni?
 * safe? : seif
 * lockers? : lokar

Is breakfast or supper included?
 * Nasta kiba bhat-salon loge ni? Nasta ba raikur khani loge ni?

What time is breakfast or supper?
 * "Breakfast" kiba ḍinar khun bela? Biankur nasta ba raikur khani khun bela?

Please clean my room.
 * Amar kuṭa ṭa saf khori diba.

Can you wake me at _____?
 * Amare _____ṭat hozag khori diba ni?

I want to check out.
 * Ami chek-auṭ khortam sai.

Eating and drinking
I'm hungry.
 * Amar bhuk lagse.

Bon appétit.
 * Bhalaṭike khauka.

Have a good appetite.
 * Bhuk taza rakhuka.

A table for one person/two people, please.
 * Ekhan tebul ekhzon/duizon mainshor lagi diba (formal).

Please bring a menu.
 * Ekhan "menu" anba.

Do you have an English menu?
 * Ingrezi "menu" ase ni?

Can I look in the kitchen?
 * Ami fakh-ghor / undal ṭa dekhtam phari ni?

'''Are there any paper towels? (can I have some)'''
 * Khagozor tawal ase ni? (diba)

Is there a house specialty?
 * "House specialty" ekhod ṭa ase ni?

Is there a local specialty?
 * "Local specialty" ekhod ṭa ase ni?

Please choose for me.
 * Amar lagi khichchu basia dilaoka.

baked; grilled
 * Agniphura

roasted
 * baza

dry roasted vegetables
 * bhuna tarkhari

Fixed-price meal.
 * khanir daam fiks khora.

I'm a vegetarian.
 * Ami khali tarkhari khai.

I don't eat [pork].
 * Ami [shuoror ghus(t)] khai na.

I want a dish containing _____.
 * Amar "dish"/khani ṭa _____r hoito hoibo.
 * vegetable: tarkhari
 * meat: gusto
 * chicken: murug
 * fish: maas

Please do not use too much oil.
 * Doea-khori tel beshi bebohar khorba na.

Please bring the _____.
 * _____ṭa anba.

Excuse me, waiter?
 * E-re bhai?

I'm/We're finished.
 * Ami/Amra shesh.

The food was delicious
 * Ze mozar khani

I loved the meat curry
 * Ami gustor salonṭa balaphaisi

I loved the ____ ____.
 * Ami ____ ____ṭa balaphaisi

I liked the meat curry
 * Gustor salonṭa amar bala lagse

I liked the ____ ____.
 * ____ ____ṭa amar bala lagse

Please clear the plates.
 * Borton ogun/okhol neuka gi

Can you please clear the plates?
 * Borton ogun horai-ba ni? [borton o-gun hoh-rah-ee-bah nee?]

The check please
 * bill anba

Meal times
Breakfast.
 * Nasta.

Lunch.
 * Duiphori belar khani.

Teatime.
 * Sa-nasta.

Supper/Dinner.
 * Raitkur khani.

Non vegetarian
non-mixed curry or dish
 * nillar salon

not-mixed.
 * Most household curries are cooked with a choice of meat, poultry, or fish with a mixture of any particular vegetable. This is why nilla is to be noted.
 * nilla

chicken
 * The word nilla applie to both meat and vegetarian dishes
 * murgor gus(t)

beef
 * gorur gus(t)

mutton
 * berir gus(t)

fish
 * maas

hilsa fish
 * ilish maas

rohu fish
 * rui maas

climbing perch
 * khoi maas

wallago catfish
 * gual maas (boal in Standard Bengali)

batasio fish
 * ghungi maas (tengra in Standard Bengali)

ompok fish
 * fabiya maas (pabda in Standard Bengali)
 * spotted snakehead

ladi maas dry fish soup/broth
 * huṭkir shira
 * huṭkir shira comes in as both roasted curry (Nilla) and with vegetables.
 * huṭki hukṭi

curry
 * salon tarkhari

dry roasted meat
 * bhuna gust

meat sour soup
 * tenga
 * gus(t)

meatballs
 * kufta

scotch egg
 * nargisi kufta

egg
 * enḍa

sausages
 * sosij

meatball
 * Kufta kobab

shish kebab
 * shik kobab

burger shaped kebabs
 * shami kobab

non-mixed soup
 * nillar shira
 * meat soup: ghustor shira
 * chicken soup: murgor shira

meat pilau
 * akhni phulab

biryani
 * birani
 * (similar to pilau rice, but cooked in layers of meat, fried onions, boiled eggs and rice, instead of having everything mixed in all together.)

Vegetarian
cooked rice
 * bhat

fried rice
 * bhat biran

fried starchy rice
 * biroin bhat

noodle
 * nudul

bread loafs (brioche loafs)
 * luf

toast (toasted brioche loafs)
 * tus

vegetables
 * tarkhari

only vegetables
 * nillar tarkhari

Mixed vegetable curry
 * nira mishar salon

spinach or any leafy dish
 * haag

mustard
 * lai

malabar spinach
 * foi/koi haag

salad
 * salat
 * tomatos
 * ṭomeṭu bilati baingoin
 * cucumber
 * kira / howa
 * radish
 * mula
 * turnip
 * shalgom
 * okra
 * bhendi
 * taro
 * khosu
 * Ceylon olive
 * belfoi
 * bottle gourd
 * khodu
 * chichinda/snake gourd
 * sisinga / poita
 * cucurbita moschata
 * hofri khodu / kumra
 * pointed gourd
 * fotol
 * carrots
 * gazor
 * onions
 * phiaiz
 * bean
 * uri
 * black-eyed pea
 * ramai uri / lubi
 * garlic
 * roshun
 * eggplant/aubergine
 * baingoin
 * bell peppers
 * khephsikom
 * cabbages
 * phata khobi
 * cauliflower
 * phul khobi

vegetable curry
 * tarkharir salom/salon

vegetable soup
 * tarkharir shira

lentil soup
 * ḍailor shira

lentil(s)
 * ḍail

beans
 * urir bisi

mashed potatoes
 * alur borta

Chotpoti
 * soṭ-phoṭi

oil
 * tel

clarified butter
 * gi
 * (gi made from cow's milk is known as xaṭi-gi (pure-gi).

vegetable ghee
 * ḍalḍa

butter
 * makhon

cheese
 * phonir

Seasoning
salt
 * nun [noon]

salty
 * nunta

ground black pepper
 * gul morisor gura

crushed pepper corn
 * kuṭail gul moris

pepper corn
 * gul moris

mustard
 * xoirox [hoh-ee-roh]

chili
 * moris
 * green chili: khasa moris
 * sweet chili: lal moris
 * chili pepper: naga moris (above a million scoville units)

bell pepper
 * kephsikom anaz(al)or moris (zero scoville units)

spice(s)
 * moshla

hot n spicy
 * zal moshla gorom moshla

hot (fire)
 * gorom

hot (chili)
 * zal (also meaning heat)

heat the curry, please.
 * salon ṭare zal diba.

Fruits
fruit(s): fol-fruit
 * banana: xola (খলা)
 * young banana: xas xola (খাছ খলা)
 * pomelo: mattu (মাতু)
 * clementines, mandarines, tangerines, satsumas and citruses: zamir (জামির)
 * lemon: lembu (লেম্বু)
 * lime: lembura (লেম্বুরা)
 * macroptera citrus fruit: hatkhora (হাতখরা)
 * oranges: xomla (খমলা)
 * pineapple: anarosh (আনারস)
 * apple: sheb (সেব)
 * custard apple: ataphol (আতাফল)br>
 * papaya: xoiphol (খইফল)
 * coconut: naikkol / naikol / nairol (নাইক্কল / নাইকল)
 * rambai: bubi (বুবি) (lotkon in Standard Bengali)
 * chebulic myrobalan: ortoki (অরতকি)
 * Country gooseberry: leboi (লেবই)
 * emblic: eola (এওলা)
 * young coconut: dab (ডাব)
 * longan fruit: ashphol (আশফল)
 * jackfruit: khaṭhol (খাঠল) (kathal in Standard Bengali)
 * lychee: lesu (লেছু) (lichu in Standard Bengali)
 * mango: aam (আম)
 * starfruit: khafrenga (খাফরেঙ্গা) (kamranga in Standard Bengali)
 * garcinia xanthochymus: dephol (ডেফল)
 * pomegranate: anar (আনার)
 * grape: angur (আঙ্গুর)
 * raisin: kishmish (কিসমিস)
 * apricot: khubani (খুবানি)
 * guava: hofri (হফরি) (peyara in Standard Bengali)
 * pear: nashfatti (নাশফাত্তি) (nashpati in Standard Bengali)
 * hog plum: amra (আমড়া)
 * otaheita apple: bilati amra (বিলাতী আমড়া) (jamrul in Standard Bengali)
 * prunes / plums: alu buxara (আলু বুখারা)
 * java plum: zam (ঝাম)
 * indian apple: bel (বেল)
 * olives: belkhoi (বেলখই)
 * oenaplia zuzube: hiakul boroi
 * ziziphus zuzube: kul boroi/sini boroi
 * xylopyrus zuzube: ghat boroi
 * tamarind: tetoi (তেতই)
 * dates: xazur (খাজুর)
 * stem amaranth: denga

Refreshment/Bar
à la carte.
 * khani ṭa alag khori diba.

light meal/snack.
 * haba-luba.

tea
 * sa

dehydrated milk powder
 * nido / dano

turmeric powder
 * oloid

whole fresh milk
 * phegeṭor taza dudh

lemon juice
 * lembur/zamiror rosh

rose water
 * gulaph phani

ginger
 * adrokh

cinnamon stick
 * ḍalsini (lit. ḍal: tree-branch + sini: sugar) also pronounced as ḍailsini

bay leaves
 * tez phata

cardamon
 * elais

sugar
 * sini

without sugar
 * ana-sini-e

date syrup
 * khazuror ghur

coffee
 * kofi

fresh lemonade
 * lembur shorbot

sparkling lemonade
 * lembur shorbot

7up
 * seven up

Sprite
 * sprit

water
 * phani

ice
 * borof

ice-cream
 * kulfi

ice-lollie
 * ice-cream (Just as mango achar is called mango chutney!)

coconut water
 * naikolor phani

young coconut juice
 * ḍabor phani

sugarcane juice
 * kuiaror rosh

mango milkshake
 * aam dudh

yogurt drink
 * lassi

yogurt
 * doi

sweet yogurt
 * miṭa doi

Bars
 * Modor ghor

Alcoholic drinks
 * Mod

Cigarette(s)
 * Sigreṭ

Tendu leaf cigarette(s)
 * Biri

Shredded Tobacco
 * Tomakh

Betel leaf
 * faan
 * Although faan is used to refer to the leaves of the betel vine, the use of this word means to chew areca nut and other condiment called faan moshla wrapped with a betel leaf. Below are a list of phan variety, consisting of the phan moshla ingredients to make a (samosa-like) phan wrap:

 * Guwa faan:
 * Betel leaf: Faan
 * Areca nut: Guwa

 * Soon faan:
 * Betel leaf: Faan
 * Areca nut: Guwa
 * Calcium hydroxide (Caustic lime paste): Sun

 * Shada faan: (a common household phan)
 * Betel leaf: Faan
 * Areca nut: Guwa
 * Dried whole Tobacco leaf: Shada
 * Calcium hydroxide (Caustic lime paste): Sun

 * Tomakh Faan:
 * Betal leaf: Faan
 * Areca nut: Guwa
 * Shredded Tobacco: Tomakh
 * Dried whole Tobacco leaf: Shada
 * Sweet and scented Tobacco: Zorda
 * Calcium hydroxide (Caustic lime paste): Sun

 * Meeṭa Faan:
 * Betel leaf: Faan
 * Sweet and Saffron dyed Areca nut: Miṭa shuphari
 * Sweet mouth freshener: Mukhwosh (lit. mukh: mouth + ooshma: stench) is made of colorful sugar coated herb-seeds scented with aromatic essential oils and peppermint oil.
 * Sweet cumin (Aniseed): Barik guamuri bakhor
 * Fennal seeds: Guamuri bakhor
 * Shredded coconut: Kuṭa naikol
 * Glace/Maraschino cherry: Sini soṛail "cherry"

 * Zordari Faan:
 * Betel leaf: Faan
 * Sweet and scented Tobacco: Zorda
 * Sweet and Saffron dyed Areca nut: Miṭa shuphari
 * Catechu (an extract from the acacia tree): Khoe'er
 * Powdered caustic lime: Hukna sun
 * Fennal seeds: Guamuri bakhor
 * Mint leaves: Phudina
 * Cardamon: Elais

 * Sini Faan: (lit. sugar betel-leaf) refers to chewing on engagement ceremonies.
 * Betel leaf: Faan
 * Sweet and scented Tobacco: Zorda
 * Sweet and Saffron dyed Areca nut: Miṭa shuphari
 * Sweet mouth freshener: Mukhwosh (lit. mukh: mouth + ooshma: stench) is made of colorful sugar coated herb-seeds scented with aromatic essential oils and peppermint oil.
 * Sweet cumin (Aniseed): Barik guamuri bakhor
 * Fennal seeds: Guamuri bakhor
 * Coriander seeds: Dhonia/Dula bakhor
 * Cumin seeds: Zira bakhor
 * Sesame seeds: Til
 * Shredded coconut: Kuṭa naikol
 * Glace/Maraschino cherry: Sini soṛail "cherry"

Shopping
Commercial spot/Market
 * Bazar

Shop
 * Dukan

Expensive
 * Daami

Cheap
 * Hosta

Free
 * Magna

I'm buying
 * Ami kiniar Ami kinram

Do you have this in my size?
 * Okhṭa amar saizor milbo ni?

I want to buy _____.
 * Ami _____ kintam sai.
 * This: Okhṭa
 * That: Hokhṭo

How much is this?
 * Okhṭar daam khoto?

How much is _____?
 * _____r daam khoto?

That's too expensive.
 * Itar daam beshi.

Give me a deal.
 * Daam khomauka.

Would you take _____?
 * _____ niba ni?

I'll give you §_____, and no more.
 * Ami §_____ dimu aphnare, ar beshi na.
 * This much: Oto Khanta

§ [amount] Taka
 * § [_____] Ṭekha

§ [amount] Poysha
 * § [_____] Phoesha

I can't afford it.
 * Phoesha also means money.
 * A hundren phoesha makes a ṭekha.
 * Kinbar khemota nae.

I don't want it.
 * Ami sai na.

You're cheating me.
 * Aphne amare ṭogra.

I'm not interested.
 * Ar kham nae.

OK, I'll take it.
 * Ṭik ase, ami loimu.

Please give me a carrier-bag.
 * Ekhṭa kisa diba.

Do you ship overseas?
 * Bidesh maal phaṭain ni?

I need...
 * Amar... lage.
 * toothpaste. : datpest
 * a toothbrush. : datborash
 * a broom. : huroin
 * a large broom. : khorkhora
 * a kite. : guddi
 * tampons. : mashik fed
 * soap. : shaban
 * shampoo. : shabun
 * spoon. : sif/samos
 * spoon. : sif/samos
 * pain relievers. : bish bednar duwai

 * e.g. paracetamol or ibuprofen
 * pherasiṭamol / aibiphren
 * medication for cold relief.
 * shordir duwai
 * medicines for stomach relief.
 * pheṭor duwai
 * razors / blades
 * khamaibar baaṭ
 * an umbrella. : satti
 * sunblock lotion.
 * "sunblock lotion"
 * a postcard. : "postcard"
 * postage stamps.
 * siṭi sarbar ishtemph
 * batteries. : beṭari
 * writing paper.
 * lekhbar khagoz
 * a pen.
 * kholom
 * a pencil.
 * sheesh kholom
 * reading glasses.
 * phorbar choshma
 * books in English-language.
 * Ingrezi boi
 * Magazines in English-language
 * Ingrezi megezin
 * Newspaper in English-language
 * Ingrezi photrika
 * a Bengali-English dictionary.
 * Bangla-Ingrezi dikshonari/abhidhan
 * an English-Bengali dictionary.
 * Ingrezi-Bangla dikshonari/abhidhan

Clothes
clothes
 * khaphor

pyjama
 * phaezama, phainjabi

shorts, underwear
 * anḍar

saree
 * shari

asian kilt
 * longi

western trouser(s)
 * phent

baggy drawstring trouser(s)
 * selwar

long shirt(s)
 * khamiz

western shirt(s)
 * shat

t-shirt(s)
 * genji

vest
 * bogol khata genji

hat(s)
 * toki

shoes
 * zuta

sandals and flip-flops
 * sendel

socks
 * phawor muza

gloves
 * aator muza

scarfs
 * maflar

headscarf
 * rumaal (Muslim) bondona (Hindu)

shawl(s)
 * urna

Finger-ring
 * Anguṭi Angṭi

Money
Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars?
 * "American/Australian/Canadian" dolar loin ni?

Do you accept British pounds?
 * "British pound" loin ni?

Do you accept credit cards?
 * "Credit card" loin ni?

Do you accept debit card?
 * "Debit card" loin ni?

Can you change money for me?
 * Amar lagi phoesha bodlaita pharba ni?

Where can I get money changed?
 * Ami phoesha Khun Khano bodlaitam phari?

Can you change a traveler's cheque for me?
 * Amar "traveller cheque" khaan bodlaia diba ne?

Where can I get a traveller's cheque changed?
 * (Ami) "traveller cheque" khuno bodlaitam phari?

What is the exchange rate?
 * "Exchange rate" khemola(n)?

Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)?
 * "ATM" khuno phaimu?

Authority
I haven't done anything wrong.
 * Ami khunu bad kham khorsi na.

It was a misunderstanding.
 * Bhul bhuza oi gesil.

Where are you taking me?
 * Aphne amare khun khano luia zaira?

Am I under arrest?
 * Ami giriftar ni?

I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen.
 * Ami ekh zon "American/Australian/British/Canadian" nagri.

I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy consulate.
 * Ami "American/Australian/British/Canadian" embasi konsulet or loge maattam sai.

I want to talk to a lawyer.
 * Ami wokil or loge maattam sai.

Can I just pay a fine?
 * Ami fain or bill boridei?

There is no authority except from God
 * maola/banaora sara r kunta nai
 * (Muslim etiquette is to recite from an Arabic statement "لا حول ولاقوة إلا بالله")

Political authority in Bangladesh
 * Bangladeshor raznitir aaola

Good Luck.
 * mongol ouk
 * (Muslim etiquette is to say in Arabic: Allahr Haola, meaning God's Authority)

Conflicting phrases
(Indo-Aryan lexicons in similar languages with different meanings.)

Hungry vs starving
 * "bhuk" ভুক in Sylheti means hungry.
 * "bhukh" ভূখ in Bengali means starving.
 * In Sylheti starving is uphash উফাশ.
 * In Bengali hungry is kkhida ক্ষিদা.

Love affection vs love illusion
 * "moho maea" মোহ মায়া in Sylheti means love affection.
 * moho māyā" মোহ মায়া in Bengali means love illusion.

Cloud vs rain
 * "megh" মেঘ in Sylheti means rain.
 * "mēgh" মেঘ in Bengali means cloud.
 * In Sylheticloud is called badol বাদল or ashmani haz আসমানী হাজ (decor of the sky).
 * In Bengali rain is called badol বাদল or Br̥ṣṭi বৃষ্টি.

What vs yes
 * "he?!" হ্যাঁ! [heh?!] in Sylheti, means what?! and is just as rude as it is in English.
 * "hyām̐" হ্যাঁ [heh] in Bengali is a formal yes.
 * "hyām̐" হ্যাঁ (ह्यँा) [heh] in Bengali is an informal yes.
 * "he?!"/"hi?!" हे?!/ही?! [heh?!/hee?!] in Syloti, means what?! and is just as rude as it is in English; "Ji?" [Jee?] is formal.
 * "ôm̐yā" অঁ্যা (अँ्या) [ôeh] in Bengali mean "hey".'
 * "ħôe" हए [ôh-eh] in Syloti is an informal yes.
 * "ēi" এই (एइ) [eh-ee] in Bengali is an informal "excuse me" (for getting attention).'
 * "ħei" हेइ [eh-ee] in Syloti means hey you! (implying in no respect)
 * In Syloti excuse me (for getting attention) is e-re एरे [eh-reh] or o-go वगो [ô-gô] or o-ba वबा [ô-bah].

Later vs laughing
 * "xeshe" হেসে or "bade" বাদে in Sylheti means later.
 * "heshe" হেসে [heh-sheh] in Bengali means laughing.
 * laughter in Syloti is called ashi আসি
 * later in Bengali is called pore পরে.

Pomegranate fruit vs lighting
 * "'anwar"' अनवार [ah-n-wah-r] in Syloti means pomegranate fruit
 * "anōyar" আনওয়ার [ah-nô-wah-r] in Bengali is a male name meaning lighting
 * anar अनार [ah-nah-r] in Syloti refers to the legendary slave girl named anarkoli अनारकली [ah-nah-r-kô-lee] meaning pomegranate-blossom.
 * anar আনার (आनार) [ah-nah-r] or ḍalim ডালিম (डािलम) [ḍah-leem] in Bengali means pomegranate fruit.
 * In Urdu anwar انور means light borrowed from the Arabic nūr نور meaning illuminate.

To cheer vs to move
 * "naṛa" नारा [nah-ṛah] in Syloti means to cheer: 1. Hip hip - Hooray! 2. Narae Takbir - Allahu Akbar! 3. Joy Bangla! 4. Jay Hind! etc.
 * "naṛa" নাড়া (नाड़ा) [nah-ṛah] in Bengali means to stir or to move.
 * A waist drawstring acting as a belt is also called a nara [nah-rah].

Vegetables vs curry
 * "torkhari" तरकारी [tôr-khah-ree] in Syloti, means vegetables.
 * "torkāri" তরকারি (तरकारि) [tô-r-kah-ree] in Bengali, means curry.

Girl vs fried food
 * "furi" (from Sanskrit "पुरी") in Sylheti means girl along with original Sanskrit meanings.
 * "Puri" (from Sanskrit "पुरी") in Hindi and Bengali means fried food along with original Sanskrit meanings.

Many-times vs Seven-times
 * Hatbar হাতবার in Sylheti means Many-times, Several times, again-and-again, and literally Seven times.
 * Shaat/Saat baar সাতবার/सातबार in Bengali/Hindi means Seven times.

Learning more

 * Syloti-Nagri alphabet - Omniglot
 * Sylheti phrases - Useful phrases in Sylheti
 * Sylheti language lessons - SOAS University of London
 * Learn Sylheti – Audio - Listen to basic words and sentences in Sylheti language
 * Audio recordings available in Sylheti - Global Recordings Network

title: Sylheti phrasebook


text:
Sylt

Sylt (North Frisian: Söl, Danish: Sild) belongs to the North Frisian Islands and is one of the most popular holiday destinations in Germany. It is a narrow island with a 40-km white beach and dunes on the western (sea) side and opens to mudflats on the eastern side.

Understand
Geologically, Sylt originated as a terminal moraine of the Saale glaciation; it was connected to the mainland until a devastating flood in 1362. In the 1920s a rail only causeway was built once again linking Sylt to the mainland.

The island, and especially the city of Kampen, were traditionally known as a meeting place for Germany's high society, and many rich Germans maintain holiday homes on the island. Accordingly, Sylt is the most expensive island in Germany, so plan your budget accordingly. That being said, the expensive things are mostly lavish holiday apartments and champagne at the high prized bars and restaurants, so you can mitigate the impact somewhat by avoiding those.

By train
After Germany lost its harbour with direct Sylt connections due to World War I, some other mode of transportation to the island had to be found and with neither air nor car travel commonplace, a railway only causeway was the logical consequence. The Hindenburgdamm (named for the rather infamous conservative/reactionary Reichspräsident who made Hitler chancellor in 1933) has connected the island to the mainland ever since and remains railway only, although some trains do transport cars.

There are hourly connections by regional train from Hamburg's Altona station via Itzehoe or Intercity & overnight trains from most of Germany via Hamburg main station. An overnight Alpen-Sylt express also operates a summer overnight train from the Alps to the Sylt coast, terminating at Salzburg in Austria and Konstanz in Germany with stops at many major cities along the way such as Frankfurt, Munich, Nuremberg, and Hannover.

By car
Similar to most other North Frisian islands, Sylt allows cars and there are several options of getting your car on the island, though driving it yourself isn't one of them. As mentioned above you can take the car ferry from Rømø. The other two options both use the causeway, in which the docking station for your car at the mainland is Niebüll station. Alternatively, if you wish not to bring a car onto the island, which is recommended considering the difficult parking situation, park at the same station for per day and take the train for approximately €7 one way.

Get around
Bus is the easiest although bikes are also popular. An all-island three-day bus ticket costs about €28. You can also take a bicycle on the bus. Because many visitors arrive by car across the causeway and of the rather limited space on the island, there can be surprising amounts of traffic in the high season.

See

Do
Classically Sylt is a beach destination and this still remains the main draw of the island. While the landscape of the German coast is beautiful even for those who don't want to swim or bathe, the temperature of the water rarely exceeds 20 °C even in the summer and it can get rather windy. Sunburn is, however, a common concern especially when it is windy and appears to be cold, as the sun's UV rays are unperturbed by wind or temperature.

Several segments of the beach are officially declared as FKK (German for "nudist"), but these designations carry little weight; nude and non-nude bathers are tolerated everywhere.

A typically German thing to do at the beach is renting a Strandkorb (a wooden roofed beach chair) and just sitting in it and relaxing.

Along the beach, concrete groynes were built into the sea in an effort to halt sand erosion. These groynes are not visible at high tide and present a danger to unaware bathers. They are marked with cross signs along the beach.

Adults must pay a fee to access the beach (€4 per day from May to October, €2 from November to April); it's €3.30 or €1.65 if you pay in advance at your hotel or pension.

You may want to hike along the beach, along the paths in the dunes and heath behind the beach (it is forbidden to stray from the paths though), and near the mudflats on the western side of the island. Several dozen megalithic graves dating back to the neolithic (c. 3000 BC) can be found on the island.

Eat
Almost every restaurant on the island serves seafood, with the fish burger being considered something of a takeaway speciality. The island is definitely not cheap with the prices somewhat inflated by the wealthy German tourists who seem to make up 95% of the tourist traffic.

Drink

 * Kampen

 * Rantum

 * Westerland

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sylt


text:
Symi

Symi is a small island of the Dodecanese group, north of Rhodes.

Understand

Symi (often also spelled Simi) is a small island (22 sq. miles, pop. about 2,500) with perhaps the most beautiful harbour in Greece. It's one of the friendliest places in Greece.

In the nineteenth century Symi grew wealthy from the sponge trade: boats sailed as far afield as the coast of North Africa and the sponge fisherman were away from home for months on end. Sponges are still sold in local shops, but are now all imported. The harbour is a protected site, since most of the buildings are Neo-classical in design and date from the 19th C.

By boat
Ferries, and fast catamarans operate several services daily between Rhodes and Symi and also pass through less frequently en route to other islands in the Dodecanese chain.

Get around
There is a busy little bus that runs from Yialos through Chorio to Pedi throughout the daytime and evening.

See
Panormitis - Monastery at the south of the island - accessed by boat or car

Do
Climb the stairs in Yialos. Get out of the touristy centre of the harbour.

Symi offers a fantastic landscape for walkers, particularly in the Spring or late summer when it is not too hot. The terrain in places can be tough but rewarding.

Catch a boat to one of the beaches or circumnavigate the island.

Eat
Anywhere in the old town. Harbour restaurants can be more expensive.

Drink
Bars in the harbour are relaxed and easy going; there are also bars in the upper town.

Sleep
Symi town gets extremely crowded in season with visitors, both day trippers and those staying longer, and even in shoulder season it can be difficult to find accommodation on weekends and holidays without advance booking.

One well established travel agency that can help with finding accommodations is Kalodoukas Holidays, 85600 Symi, Dodecanese, Hellas. Tel: +30 2246 0 71077, fax: +30 2246 0 71491, mobile: 6948808011 email [mailto:information@kalodoukas.gr information@kalodoukas.gr]. They can also handle other travel activities like cruises and boat rental. They have an office near the harbor (inquire locally for directions.)

Symi is full of characterful villas and houses. You can stay in a restored house in the old town, Chorio, but you'll need to climb the numerous steps to get back and forth to the harbor, and it will take some time to learn how to find your apartment in the maze of streets and alleyways. Or you can opt for harbour side views in Yialos. There is also accommodation in the quiet beach villages of Pedi and Nimborio.

title: Symi


text:
Syracuse

There is more than one place called Syracuse:

Italy

 * Syracuse (province) - a province in Sicily
 * Syracuse (Italy) (Italian: Siracusa) - a town in Italy

United States of America

 * Syracuse (New York) - a city in New York state
 * Syracuse (Indiana) - a small city in Northern Indiana

title: Syracuse


text:
Syracuse (Italy)

Syracuse (Italian: Siracusa, Sicilian: Sarausa or Seragusa) is a city of 122,000 people (2017) on the eastern coast of Sicily. The city has a rich Greek and Roman history, culture, amphitheatres, and architecture. Syracuse is a good base for exploring south-east Sicily, including the Baroque towns of Ragusa and Noto, several archaeological sites, and the lively city of Catania. "Syracuse and the Rocky Necropolis of Pantalica" have been listed on the UNESCO World Heritage list.

Understand
Syracuse was an important centre in the Grecian period. Roman writer Cicero described it as "the greatest Greek city and the most beautiful of them all". Master mathematician Archimedes lived and worked here, but was killed during the Roman conquest. There are many places of interest, most of them in two areas: the island of Ortigia (Ortygia) reflects the early modern or baroque period. Neapolis, the "new town", is older by about 2000 years.

The Tourist Information Centre is within the Provincial Government building at 31 Via Roma on Ortigia island.

By plane
Catania-Fontanarossa airport is 50 km north of Syracuse. Inter-city buses between Catania and Syracuse all call at the airport, journey time is just over an hour. Otherwise, take a bus or taxi from the airport to Catania railway station, from where there are frequent trains to Syracuse.

Ragusa airport (Aeroporto di Comiso "Pio La Torre") is closer but has fewer flights, and no onward public transport.

By bus

Some regional buses (Interbus, etc.) make a number of stops in the city, so check with their website if one of them would be more suitable. Tickets for this particular buses can also be bought on board.

By train
Direct trains run along the coast from Messina eight times a day (2 hr 30 min), via Taormina-Giardini and Catania.

There are two or three direct trains daily from Rome (11 hours) via Naples (9 hours) and the Straits ferry.

There are five train connections a day from Palermo via Enna and Catania (4 hr 30 min). Connections via Messina take 7 hours.

Six regional trains run M-Sa via Noto, Pozzallo (one hour; for the ferry to Malta), Modica and Ragusa (two hours) to Gela. No Sunday service.

On foot
The city is easy to visit on foot. There are two areas of interest, both 20 min walk from the station. Southeast is the island of Ortigia, the oldest part of the city; north is Neapolis, the archaeological area.

By bus
The most useful bus lines for visitors are the little electric navettes that ply the centre and areas of interest, run by

By car
The entire Ortigia island is a limited traffic zone (ZTL) (map and hours). Most vehicles are prohibited from accessing it at night and on Sundays and holidays.

Isola di Ortigia
Ortigia island is the oldest part of Syracuse. It's connected to the rest of the city by two bridges. Boat trips leave from the channel here.

 * The midpoint of Ortigia is Piazza Archimedes, honoring the famous citizen who lived and worked here circa 287-212 BCE. His brilliance lay in combining pure mathematical reasoning (e.g. anticipating calculus, and deriving an accurate estimate of pi) with practical innovative engineering (e.g. the water screw, and compound pulley). Centre of the piazza is an ornate "Fountain of Diana", built in 1907. Classicists don't believe the story that Archimedes leapt from his bath and ran naked crying "Eureka!" - but if, through the suds and steam, he'd beheld this bathful of sea monsters, gigantic buxom women, and wild horses, how else could he have reacted?
 * The midpoint of Ortigia is Piazza Archimedes, honoring the famous citizen who lived and worked here circa 287-212 BCE. His brilliance lay in combining pure mathematical reasoning (e.g. anticipating calculus, and deriving an accurate estimate of pi) with practical innovative engineering (e.g. the water screw, and compound pulley). Centre of the piazza is an ornate "Fountain of Diana", built in 1907. Classicists don't believe the story that Archimedes leapt from his bath and ran naked crying "Eureka!" - but if, through the suds and steam, he'd beheld this bathful of sea monsters, gigantic buxom women, and wild horses, how else could he have reacted?
 * The midpoint of Ortigia is Piazza Archimedes, honoring the famous citizen who lived and worked here circa 287-212 BCE. His brilliance lay in combining pure mathematical reasoning (e.g. anticipating calculus, and deriving an accurate estimate of pi) with practical innovative engineering (e.g. the water screw, and compound pulley). Centre of the piazza is an ornate "Fountain of Diana", built in 1907. Classicists don't believe the story that Archimedes leapt from his bath and ran naked crying "Eureka!" - but if, through the suds and steam, he'd beheld this bathful of sea monsters, gigantic buxom women, and wild horses, how else could he have reacted?
 * The midpoint of Ortigia is Piazza Archimedes, honoring the famous citizen who lived and worked here circa 287-212 BCE. His brilliance lay in combining pure mathematical reasoning (e.g. anticipating calculus, and deriving an accurate estimate of pi) with practical innovative engineering (e.g. the water screw, and compound pulley). Centre of the piazza is an ornate "Fountain of Diana", built in 1907. Classicists don't believe the story that Archimedes leapt from his bath and ran naked crying "Eureka!" - but if, through the suds and steam, he'd beheld this bathful of sea monsters, gigantic buxom women, and wild horses, how else could he have reacted?

Neapolis
Syracuse was founded around 734 BC, but there was a second wave of construction from 485 BC in this area: hence its Greek name Νεάπολη - "Neapoli" or "New City". The sights are all contained within the

Other sites

Do
Syracuse is an amazing city of culture and history ready to be explored and savored. Activities that can be organized include culture & language classes, Sicilian cooking classes & wine tasting, outdoor excursions (hiking, cycling, climbing, sailing, scuba diving), excursions all over the island, workshops (Sicilian puppet making, ceramics, photography, painting).

Cycling

 * Nolo Point, Gazebo Pz Pncali, tel: +39 348 9506338. Rents out electrical bicycles, scooters, canoes, campers etc.
 * Nolo Point, Gazebo Pz Pncali, tel: +39 348 9506338. Rents out electrical bicycles, scooters, canoes, campers etc.

Events

 * Festival of Santa Lucia: Takes place on December 13. A solid silver statue of the patron saint is carried to Basilica del Sepolcro where it remains for eight days.
 * Theatrical Season at the Greek Theatre: Goes from May to July. Throughout these months, they stage dramas by famous authors such as Aeschylus and Euripides.
 * Steam and other historic trains run along the local railways on occasion from Syracuse to Ispica and Ragusa. The one-day, roundtrip ticket costs €20 adult, €10 child 4-12, free under 4 (Sep 2019).

Buy
One of the most popular craft products in Syracuse is papyrus paper. Local pottery is also a common product to buy. If you are looking for the perfect gift, buy a bottle of Nero d'Avola or a jar of their famous fish preserves.

 * Every Sunday a large outdoor market (mostly clothes, souvenirs and some food) takes place on Piazza S. Lucia on the mainland.
 * Every Sunday a large outdoor market (mostly clothes, souvenirs and some food) takes place on Piazza S. Lucia on the mainland.

Drink
There are many night clubs along the coastline on the Alfeo Promenade. Some have dance floors on the beach so that you can dance under the moonlight.

Budget
Most cheap hotels are located around the railway station; more around the post office and east of Apollo temple.

Mid-range
In the centre:

Further out:

Cope
A laundry service:

Go next

 * Inland are the eight "Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto" UNESCO world heritage sites: shattered by the earthquake of 1693, they were all re-built in a unity of baroque style. Ragusa and Modica are the most substantial, and can be done as day-trips by public transport but deserve a longer stay.
 * Inland are the eight "Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto" UNESCO world heritage sites: shattered by the earthquake of 1693, they were all re-built in a unity of baroque style. Ragusa and Modica are the most substantial, and can be done as day-trips by public transport but deserve a longer stay.
 * Inland are the eight "Late Baroque Towns of the Val di Noto" UNESCO world heritage sites: shattered by the earthquake of 1693, they were all re-built in a unity of baroque style. Ragusa and Modica are the most substantial, and can be done as day-trips by public transport but deserve a longer stay.

title: Syracuse (Italy)


text:
Syracuse (New York)

Syracuse is a city in Central New York. With a population of 149,000 in city proper and 662,000 in its metro area (2020), Syracuse is the fifth largest city in the state of New York, and the third largest in Upstate New York.

By train

 * Routes stopping at Syracuse:
 * Empire Service operating twice daily between Niagara Falls (New York) and New York City including stops in Buffalo, Buffalo (Depew), Rochester, Syracuse, Rome, Utica, Schenectady, Albany (Rensselaer), Hudson, Rhinecliff, Poughkeepsie, Croton-on-Hudson, and Yonkers.
 * Maple Leaf operating daily between Toronto and New York City, in partnership with VIA Rail Canada. Stops between Toronto and Niagara Falls (New York) include in Oakville, Burlington, Grimsby, St. Catharines, and Niagara Falls (Ontario). Stops between Niagara Falls (New York) and New York City are the same as those made by the Empire Service. Border crossing processing takes place in Niagara Falls, where passengers must detrain with their baggage. Train crew members are staffed by VIA Rail within Canada, and by Amtrak within the United States.
 * Lake Shore Limited operating daily between Chicago and Boston or New York City. It makes stops at most stations along the route, though it does not stop at some of the smallest stations. Trains consist of train cars from both branches between Chicago and Albany (Rensselaer).  The trains split into separate branches between Albany (Rensselaer) and both Boston and New York City.  Stops between Chicago and Albany (Rensselaer) include South Bend, Elkhart, Waterloo, Bryan, Toledo, Sandusky, Elyria, Cleveland, Erie, Buffalo (Depew), Rochester, Syracuse, Utica, and Schenectady. Stops between Albany (Rensselaer) and Boston include Pittsfield, Springfield, Worcester, Framingham.  Stops between Albany (Rensselaer) and New York City include Rhinecliff, Poughkeepsie, and Croton-on-Hudson.
 * Lake Shore Limited operating daily between Chicago and Boston or New York City. It makes stops at most stations along the route, though it does not stop at some of the smallest stations. Trains consist of train cars from both branches between Chicago and Albany (Rensselaer).  The trains split into separate branches between Albany (Rensselaer) and both Boston and New York City.  Stops between Chicago and Albany (Rensselaer) include South Bend, Elkhart, Waterloo, Bryan, Toledo, Sandusky, Elyria, Cleveland, Erie, Buffalo (Depew), Rochester, Syracuse, Utica, and Schenectady. Stops between Albany (Rensselaer) and Boston include Pittsfield, Springfield, Worcester, Framingham.  Stops between Albany (Rensselaer) and New York City include Rhinecliff, Poughkeepsie, and Croton-on-Hudson.

By bus
Intercity buses stop at William F. Walsh Regional Transportation Center, see "By train" above.
 * Greyhound. Bus service from New York City (via Scranton, Binghamton, and Cortland), Boston (via Worcester, Springfield, Albany, Schenectady, and Utica), Cleveland (via Erie, Buffalo, and Rochester), and Toronto (via Buffalo). Very limited service to Ottawa, F Su only.
 * Trailways of New York. Service from Buffalo (via Rochester) and New York City (via Scranton, Binghamton, and Cortland). A bus runs to Massena via Watertown and various points on US11.
 * Megabus. Service from New York City, Rochester, Buffalo, and Toronto.

By car
Travel from the four cardinal directions is served by two Interstate highways.

 * I-90 (New York State Thruway) from locations east (Albany, Boston) and west (Rochester, Buffalo), with service to downtown Syracuse via I-690
 * I-81 from locations north (Watertown, Ottawa) and south (Binghamton, Scranton)

By car
A car is probably the best way to get around Syracuse, especially if you are going to places away from downtown. Thanks to its many Interstate highways (I-90, I-81, I-481, and I-690), nearly everywhere in the Syracuse area can be reached within a 20-minute drive. Make sure you have a map and pay attention to the street signs. There are some streets in the downtown area that go from being two-way to one-way, which is not always clear on a map.

On foot
You can walk to most of the destinations in downtown Syracuse from a parking lot or the Centro bus terminal.

By bicycle
Most of the downtown area is relatively flat, but keep in mind that the Syracuse University area has many steep hills and the residential areas surrounding downtown have quite a few hills as well. What some people will do is catch a ride on the bus downtown, placing their bike on the bike rack on the front of the bus and then use their bike once they reach downtown, thus avoiding the steep hills. E-bike rentals are available throughout the downtown area via Sync Bike Share.

By bus
The Centro Bus System provides a fair alternative to driving to most locations, with a fare of $2 within Syracuse and additional fares to outlying suburbs, such as to Auburn for $4 and to Oswego for $5. Buses can come sporadically, especially if you plan to ride the bus outside of Downtown Syracuse, so check the bus schedule online in advance. If you have to transfer to another bus, be sure to ask the bus driver for a transfer card so that you don't get stuck paying double fares for the same trip. Centro offers discounts for senior citizens, persons with disabilities and children. The buses are accessible to people with disabilities and the bus drivers are instructed to let a person with a physical disability on before letting other passengers on.

By taxi
There are several taxi services listed in the Syracuse phone book that you can choose from. It will usually take anywhere from 10 to 30 minutes for a taxi to come pick you up but it can be useful if you missed the last bus of the day. At the airport there is usually no wait, as there is a well-frequented taxi stand at the end of Terminal A. Ride-hailing services including Lyft and Uber are also available.

See

Up-to-date information about happenings in Syracuse can most easily be found in the weekly Syracuse New Times, available for a fee at supermarkets and convenience stores. Syracuse's only major print newspaper, The Post-Standard, publishes a Weekend section in its Thursday edition containing upcoming events in the Central New York area.

Online calendars of upcoming events are offered by local media groups:

 * Syracuse.com Events
 * Syracuse New Times Calendar
 * WRVO Public Media Community Calendar

Festivals
Syracuse has gained the nickname "the City of Festivals" for good reason. There are numerous festivals year round. The following are just a few of the festivals that are held in and around the City of Syracuse:

 * Northeast Jazz and Wine Festival This jazz festival at Clinton Square is seen as a downtown replacement for the M&T Jazz Fest which has moved to the Onondaga Community College campus.
 * Latin American Festival

Buy

Shopping areas and malls
General retail opportunities like supermarkets, big-box stores, and casual dining can be found in Syracuse’s immediate suburbs on commercial strips including:

To the west: West Genesee St in Camillus.

To the north: US 11 (Brewerton Rd) in Salina, West of Syracuse Airport.

To the east: NY 5 (Erie Blvd E) in DeWitt.

Drink
Syracuse has two major nightlife districts. The largest is Armory Square downtown, followed by Marshall Street on University Hill.

University Hill
The University Hill neighborhood is directly adjacent to Downtown Syracuse and is home to Syracuse University, SUNY Upstate Medical University, and SUNY College of Environmental Studies and Forestry.

Suburbs
There are several hotels near Carrier Circle in DeWitt, directly accessible from the New York State Thruway's Exit 35, and 15-minute drive to/from Downtown Syracuse during non-peak hours.

Radio
Radio stations serving the Syracuse area include:

 * News/talk: WAER 88.3 FM (NPR), WRVD 90.3 FM (NPR), WSYR 570 AM/106.9 FM (conservative)

Television
Major television stations serving Syracuse include:

 * WSTM Channel 3: NBC
 * WTVH Channel 5: CBS
 * WSYR Channel 9: ABC
 * WCNY Channel 24: PBS
 * WSYT Channel 68: Fox

Connect
Libraries are your best bet for public Internet access, unless you can find a Wi-Fi hot spot elsewhere. Fortunately, the city and its suburbs have an excellent network of libraries, the Onondaga County Public Library System. There are eleven library branches in the city, and more than twenty in the suburbs.

Go next
Syracuse

title: Syracuse (New York)


text:
Syracuse (province)

Syracuse is a province in Sicily, Italy.

Cities

 * (Siracusa) — attractive old town and Greek ruins
 * — a town north of Syracuse
 * — Greek colony of Leontini, today the town of Lentini
 * — center of Val di Noto, famous for baroque architecture (World Heritage)
 * — another world heritage listed Baroque town
 * - a little town on the see between Siracusa and Noto
 * - the land of tomatoes
 * - the most southern town in Sicily
 * - an agriculture center between the 2 provinces Siracusa and Ragusa

Other destinations

 * (Monti Iblei) — the highest peak is Monte Lauro (986mt), Parco degli Iblei
 * — natural reserve with a great beach
 * — The District south of Syracuse

title: Syracuse (province)