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Adelaide

Adelaide is the capital city of South Australia. It lies on the eastern shores of Gulf St Vincent in the central, southern part of the Australian continent. Adelaide is Australia's fifth largest city, with a population of over 1.2 million. More than three quarters of South Australians live in the Adelaide metropolitan area.

Adelaide is on a plain between the rolling Adelaide Hills and the Gulf and is bordered by many of Australia's famous wine regions. The Barossa Valley and Clare Valley regions lie to the north, the McLaren Vale and Langhorne Creek regions to the south and the cooler climate Adelaide Hills region to the east. Historically known as the City of Churches due to its new world origins as an incubator for religious freedom, much of the architecture in the inner city is retained from the colonial era. Heavily influenced by the prevailing styles popular in England at the time, the heritage architecture is similar to many European cities built in the 19th century. The city is built on a grid plan, featuring tree-lined city streets unusually wide and spacious for an Australian metropolis and six city squares bordered by parklands.

Proximity to premium wine and food growing regions, as well as waves of immigration from Germany, Italy, Greece, Poland, Vietnam, Malaysia, China and India have created a unique multicultural gourmet food and cafe culture in the City and inner suburbs. This cafe culture is supported by Adelaide's global reputation for the arts and particularly the arts festivals held in March including the Adelaide Festival and the Adelaide Fringe Festival, which is second only to the Edinburgh Fringe Festival in size.

The city is the home of Adelaide Oval, famed as one of Test cricket's most picturesque grounds and has been redeveloped to host Australian rules football matches during the winter months, a sport which has a long history in the city. Adelaide and the surrounding wine regions also host the Tour Down Under, which is the largest cycling race in the Southern Hemisphere and the first stage of the UCI WorldTour.

Adelaide is less bustling than any of the other major capital cities, and a relative lack of tall buildings means it more closely resembles a smaller city such as Hobart or Canberra. Due to its laid-back nature, it is often nicknamed "Australia's largest country town".

Understand
The South Australia time zone is 30 minutes behind Australian Eastern Standard Time (AEST) used in Victoria, New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Tasmania. It's also an hour and a half ahead of Australian Western Standard Time (AWST), used in Western Australia and 45 minutes ahead of Eucla which uses Central Western Standard Time (CWST). South Australia observes Daylight Savings Time, similar to other southern/southeastern states but unlike Western Australia, Queensland, or the Northern Territory.

The NSW cities/towns of Broken Hill and Silverton also follow the same time as South Australia.

Climate
Adelaide is Australia's driest capital city, with summers that are hot and dry, and with winters that are slightly more wet and cool.

In summer, the average maximum is 29°C (84°F) but there is considerable variation and Adelaide can usually expect several days a year when the daytime temperatures soar above 40°C (104°F). Rainfall is light and infrequent throughout summer. The average in January and February is around 20 millimetres (0.8 inches) but completely rainless months are by no means uncommon. Given the regular hot weather, virtually every public building, indoor tourist destination and most public transport is fully air-conditioned.

In winter from June to August, the average maximum is 15–16°C (59–61°F) and the minimum is usually around 8°C (46°F). Winter sees regular rainfall with June being the wettest month of the year, averaging around 80mm. Frosts are common in the valleys of the Adelaide Hills, but rare elsewhere. Adelaide experiences no snowfall in the city centre itself, although on very rare occasions a small sprinkling can be observed on higher ground at the top of Mount Lofty in the Adelaide Hills.

Autumn and spring are slow, gradual changes between the extremes of summer and winter. From mid-February to late March, Adelaide goes into its mad March festival season of arts, music and sport festivals to take advantage of the moderate weather. Spring also makes a good time to visit Adelaide, as flowers are usually in bloom following the rains of winter.

Aboriginal history
The first people to live on the Adelaide plains were the Kaurna people, whose territory extended from what is now Port Broughton to Adelaide's north, south to Cape Jervis on the southern tip of the Fleurieu Peninsula. The Kaurna lived on the Adelaide plains in family groups called yerta, a word which also referred to the area of land which supported the family group. Each yerta was the responsibility of Kaurna adults who inherited the land and had an intimate knowledge of its resources and features. Adelaide's rich Aboriginal history and living culture can be explored at Tandanya, an Aboriginal-owned culture and history centre on Grenfell Street. Tandanya is free to visit and tours are available for a small charge.

European settlement
Following the mapping of South Australia's coastline in the early 19th century by European explorers Matthew Flinders and Nicolas Baudin, an expedition down the Murray River was held which reported favourably on land on the coast of Gulf St Vincent. At the same time, British reformers were keen to establish a colony based on free settlement rather than by the transportation of convicts, as all the other Australian colonies at the time were founded. In 1834, the South Australia Company was founded and it convinced the British Parliament to pass a law which created a colony for free settlers in South Australia. In December 1836, after a 10 month journey by a fleet of ships from England, the first Governor, John Hindmarsh proclaimed the creation of the new province in a ceremony in what is now the beachside suburb of Glenelg.

After wrangling between the colonists, Adelaide's first surveyor, William Light designed a city grid of wide boulevards surrounded by parklands, with one central square (Victoria Square) and four smaller squares (Hindmarsh, Light, Whitmore and Hurtle) set on the southern banks of the Torrens. Light's original design, with small changes, largely survives to this day.

The city's early industries were based around mining and agriculture, with England as the key export market. The relatively radical politics of many of the free settlers led to Adelaide being home to early progressive reform including the secret printed ballot, the first jurisdiction in the world to allow women to vote and run for Parliament and early trade unionisation and activism.

Post-Federation
Following Australian federation in 1901, South Australia began to move into secondary manufacturing industries, a process which was sent into overdrive by the long term government of the conservative Premier Thomas Playford following World War II. Playford set out to actively attract manufacturing companies like General Motors to South Australia by offering cheap land and low taxes. This, along with the growing ubiquity of car transport, led to Adelaide's relatively low density as workers lived close to the factories where they worked in the outer suburbs.

Mass migration from southern Europe transformed Adelaide's Anglo-Celtic culture, with Greek migrants mainly settling in the inner western and inner southern suburbs and Italian migrants settling in the inner eastern and north-eastern suburbs. These cultural identities persist to today, with continental delis and cafés being a common feature of Adelaide's inner city. Adelaide also received much immigration from Central Europe, in particular Germany and Poland, and their influence is most noticeable at the butchers, with some of them selling German and Polish-inspired sausages.

While South Australia's economy boomed, its public and cultural life lost much of its early radicalism, with blue laws requiring bars and pubs to close at six in the evening - causing the "six o'clock swill". The White Australia policy also meant that Adelaide residents were overwhelmingly from European backgrounds.

Cosmopolitan capital city
The 1960s saw a dramatic change in Adelaide's cultural life, with the start of the Adelaide Festival of Arts and Adelaide Fringe Festival, which transformed Adelaide's arts culture and the end of the decade saw the election of the first Labor government since the 1930s. By 1970, Don Dunstan became Premier of South Australia. Dunstan was a transformational figure and sought to reshape Adelaide in the mould of a modern cosmopolitan capital city. Dunstan's government ended the six o'clock swill, pedestrianised Rundle Street creating Rundle Mall and built the Festival Centre, creating a hub for arts in Adelaide. His government enacted a range of progressive reforms, including making South Australia the first jurisdiction in Australia to legalise homosexuality. This time also saw changes to Australia's immigration laws which saw Vietnamese and Chinese migrants join earlier waves of migration and the creation of communities in the north-west and western suburbs, as well as Gouger Street's multilingual Chinatown precinct next to the Adelaide Central Market.

After losing government for one term to the conservatives at the end of the 1970s, Labor returned to office under John Bannon in the 1980s. A more business friendly leader than Dunstan, Premier Bannon sought to drive the development of Adelaide's city, seeing the construction of Adelaide's tallest building now known as Westpac House and the development of the Adelaide Convention Centre and Adelaide Casino. However, bad bank loans saw the state-backed State Bank of South Australia collapse in the early 1990s, requiring a huge government bailout and plunging the state deep into debt.

Revival after the State Bank
The 1990s under the Liberal government led by Premiers Dean Brown, John Olsen and Rob Kerin saw the conservative government undertake asset sales and reduce government services to reduce the state debt. This reduction in government spending, as well as the decline of Australian manufacturing following the abolition of the tariff wall by the federal government, led to slow growth in South Australia's economy and widespread emigration to the eastern capitals, particularly Melbourne.

Labor returned to office in 2002 under Mike Rann who sought to reshape Adelaide's industrial base to focus on education services, mining and defence industry, as well as building on its strengths in wine. Rann's government invested heavily in rebuilding the city, with overhauls to public transport, the construction of a new central hospital and the redevelopment of Adelaide Oval. Following ten years with Premier Rann as leader, Labor elected Jay Weatherill as premier in 2011, who has largely continued this agenda, but with a renewed focus on transforming public spaces in the inner city through the relaxation of planning restrictions and looser liquor licensing for small bars.

Tourist information

 * Visit Adelaide website

By plane

Travellers from East and Southeast Asia can catch direct flights from Singapore (on Singapore Airlines), Kuala Lumpur (on Malaysia Airlines) and Denpasar (on Jetstar Airways). Travellers from the Middle East or northern Africa can catch a daily flight on Qatar Airways from Doha. Travellers from Europe can take a one-stop journey to Adelaide on any of these carriers.

Travellers from New Zealand can catch a direct flight flying daily from Auckland on Air New Zealand. Travellers from North America or South America can travel one-stop on Air New Zealand via Auckland or can transit to a frequent domestic flight after first landing in Sydney, Melbourne or Brisbane.

Domestic services within Australia include frequent services to every mainland capital city on full-service carriers Qantas and Virgin Australia. Jetstar is a budget carrier that operates less frequent, heavily discounted services mainly to Melbourne, Sydney and the Gold Coast. There are also flights to Alice Springs and Cairns.

Regional services and operations are provided by Regional Express Airlines (Rex), Alliance Airlines, Cobham Airlines and Qantaslink flights operated by both Cobham Airlines and by Alliance Airlines. These services operate mainly to South Australia's regional cities and towns including Mt Gambier, Kingscote (Kangaroo Island), Port Lincoln and Whyalla, but also serve Mildura in Victoria and Broken Hill in New South Wales.

There is only a single terminal for international and domestic departures; accordingly, transfers are relatively seamless. The airport has ATMs and currency change. Food and shopping is available both landside and airside. Lockers are available in the car rental area in the carpark, including some larger lockers that would fit bike boxes. Free Wi-Fi is available throughout the terminal.

General aviation
Adelaide Airport has a separate terminal for general aviation, but most private planes use 18km north of the City.

Between the airport and the city
Adelaide Metro's airport buses J1/J2/J7/J8 connect the airport with the City, Glenelg and some major shopping centres. J1 Services depart every 15 minutes 8AM to 6PM every day to the City, less frequent from 5AM to 11PM. The journey to the City takes around 25 minutes during peak hour. Services to Glenelg are every half hour during the day, less at night. Services to Arndale, West Lakes and Marion shopping centre are hourly during weekdays.

Buses depart from a single dedicated stop outside the main terminal. All buses in all directions leave from this one stop, so check the front of the bus to make sure its heading where you want to go! Realtime bus information is available for this stop and all Adelaide Metro stops or via a range of apps for your smartphone. You don't even need to get a ticket; just tap and pay with your bank card or compatible device.

The JetBus is part of the Adelaide Metro network, so the standard ticket types and fares in the public transport section apply, and a ticket used on the JetBus can be used with another bus, train or tram according to its type. metroCARDs are also available for sale at the airport from a vending machine next to the JetBus stop.

Taxis are available downstairs out the front of the terminal. A taxi to the City costs around $30 during the morning peak hour and around $20 at other times, which can make it as economical as the JetBus for a group. Drivers will always use the meter, but a $2 surcharge is payable in addition to the metered amount for pickups from the airport.

Major national rental car companies operate kiosks on the ground floor near baggage claim. The car rental car park is on the ground level directly opposite the terminal.

By car
Adelaide is at least a day's drive away from the capital cities on the Australian east coast. The shortest driving route from Adelaide to Melbourne takes 8–9 hours (see Overland travel between Melbourne and Adelaide). There are some freeway sections, but the roads are mostly 2-lane roads of highway quality.

From Melbourne, Adelaide is via Horsham (A8) or via Mt Gambier (A1/B1). The journey via Mt Gambier takes you through the Coonawarra wine region, one of the most renowned cabernet sauvignon regions in Australia and is also convenient for a side tour via the Great Ocean Road. The trip via Horsham is more direct, but has fewer tourist attractions.

From Sydney, Adelaide is 1,422 km (884 mi) via Wagga Wagga and Mildura (A20). Freeway conditions from Sydney to Wagga Wagga (the divided highway ends at Tarcutta, but it's only a mere 40 km from there) cut hours from the trip. This route also passes close to Canberra, Australia's national capital, which is 1,196 km (743 mi) from Adelaide.

Another option from Sydney is the route via Broken Hill (A32), which takes you through the Outback and one of Australia's most historic mining towns. The route from Brisbane also goes via Broken Hill.

While Adelaide is the closest capital city to Perth, the journey across the Nullarbor is still arduous, though it's a unique drive through some of the most remote places in the inhabited world. Kalgoorlie–Boulder, another one of Australia's historic mining towns, can be visited on a short detour along this route. Similarly, the journey north to Darwin via Alice Springs travels through the true Outback and Uluru is only three hours from the main highway north. However, both these drives are usually drives that ordinary Australians only do about once or twice in their lifetimes.

By train
Adelaide is the main hub for Journey Beyond, the main operator of long-distance interstate trains in Australia. The Ghan runs to Alice Springs and Darwin, the Indian Pacific runs to Perth and Sydney, and The Overland runs to Melbourne. The former two are luxury experiences, and offer sleepers, meals in a dedicated restaurant car, and the opportunity to take your car with you if you are travelling to or from Perth or Darwin. However, they take considerably longer than driving yourself. The Ghan and the Indian Pacific are also generally more expensive than a plane ticket would be, but the Overland is usually cheaper — even the equivalent of a business-class Overland ticket is comparable to an economy-class Adelaide-Melbourne flight on a full-service airline. The Overland stops at a number of rural locations between Adelaide and Melbourne, which may be convenient if your travel itinerary involves some smaller towns. Note that Journey Beyond trains lack Wi-Fi.

These interstate trains depart from the just outside of the city. The station can be accessed by car or bus from Richmond Road. Since the demolition of Keswick station, there are no connections to the suburban rail network. Taxis are also available to meet all arrivals.

There are no country rail services in South Australia.

By bus
Interstate buses are operated by a number of coach companies including Greyhound, Firefly and V/Line. The journey from Melbourne takes around eleven and a half hours, with both day and overnight services. The trip from Sydney can take up to 24 hours and by definition travels overnight. Fares are less than train and most plane travel, at least on the Adelaide-Melbourne route, although if the timing lines up just right an Adelaide-Sydney budget-airline flight may be cheaper than the bus.

Regional buses to South Australian country cities and towns are also operated by the interstate bus companies, but local South Australian coach companies including LinkSA and Premier Stateliner often provide more frequent services.

Almost all interstate and regional buses depart from the at 85 Franklin Street in the City. The Central Bus Station operates 5AM-9:30PM, 7 days a week. It has modern amenities as well as a café and it is just across the road from the Adelaide Central Market, a Coles supermarket and Chinatown.

By ship
A range of cruise ships call at the during the cruise boat season, which runs from November to April each year. A list of ships arriving in Adelaide is available from Flinders Ports.

By train
Accurate transit directions can be obtained through Google and Apple Maps. To navigate around, just enter your "to" address and "from" address (or use current location) on your device (including iPhone, Android), then select the public transport icon. Realtime arrival information is available from the Adelaide Metro website or a number of apps for smartphones (e.g. Transittimes), use the time before your vehicle arrives to have a look around the nearby area.

Routes
The Adelaide Metro train system has four main lines radiating out of on the northern edge of the City, with two additional branch lines.

Travelling north:

 * The Outer Harbor Line, which goes up the Le Fevre Peninsula in the north-west of the city via Port Adelaide and Glanville. The Outer Harbor line is convenient for the Semaphore tourist precinct, the historic maritime district in Port Adelaide and the Queen Street cafe strip in Croydon. The Grange line branches off the Outer Harbor line at Woodville.
 * The Gawler Line, to Gawler Central in the north of the city, through Ovingham, Mawson Lakes, Salisbury and Elizabeth.

Travelling south:

 * The electrified Seaford Line, which extends to Seaford in the far south of the city, via the beachside suburb of Brighton and Noarlunga Centre. The Seaford line provides access to beaches at Brighton and Hallett Cove, and to Westfield Marion at Oaklands. The Flinders Line (formerly known as the Tonsley Line) branches off the Seaford line and terminates at Flinders University.
 * The picturesque Belair Line which extends to Belair in the Adelaide foothills through Blackwood and the inner south-eastern suburbs of the city. The Belair line is useful to access Belair National Park.

Bicycles can be taken on trains (but not on trams or buses). On Monday to Friday before 9AM and between 3-6PM a peak concession fare is required (except for Seniors Card members). All other times bicycles can be taken for free.

Ticketing and route information
Metropolitan train, tram and bus services are operated under the unified brand name Adelaide Metro and use a unified ticketing system, "Metroticket".

Single trip tickets with unlimited transfers for two hours are sold on buses, trams and at major train stations for $5.90 peak and $4 off-peak. Alternatively, a $11.20 daytrip ticket is available, allowing unlimited travel within the Adelaide Metro area for an entire day.

Travellers in Adelaide for longer than a couple of days should buy a metroCARD for $10 which comes with $5 of value included. Trips on metroCARD cost $4.05 peak and $2.25 off-peak. metroCARDs are sold at major train stations (Adelaide, Elizabeth, Gawler, Noarlunga Centre, Oaklands, Mawson Lakes and Salisbury) as well as most newsagents and corner stores. A list of locations is on the Adelaide Metro website. metroCARDs can be topped up wherever they are sold as well as on trains and trams using coins or major credit cards.

There is also a $26 Visitor metroCARD that can be used for unlimited travel on the network for 3 days. After the 3-day period, the pass can be topped up and used just like a normal metroCARD.

Off-peak is on Monday to Friday between 9:01AM and 3PM, and all day on Sundays and public holidays. All other times are peak times.

There are free trams and buses in the City centre (see below for details). For those services you don't need a metroCARD or paper MetroTicket.

By bus
The Adelaide Metro has a comprehensive bus network, centred in the City. Full maps and information are available at the Adelaide Metro website. Most main roads including cafe precincts like The Parade, Prospect Road, Henley Beach Road, King William Road and O'Connell St are 'Go Zones' which have regular buses on weekdays at least every 15 minutes until the early evening. Adelaide's bus network extends out to the outer suburbs, to the Adelaide Hills in the east, down to McLaren Vale in the south (although buses there are infrequent) and as far as Gawler in the north. It does not cover the Barossa Valley. Frequencies in the outer suburbs are much lower than in the City.

The O-Bahn is a bus rapid transit (BRT) line which runs to Adelaide's north-eastern suburbs. O-Bahn buses run from Grenfell Street in the City, entering the O-Bahn at Hackney and stop at Klemzig, Paradise and Modbury Interchanges. After finishing on the O-Bahn, the buses drive the same as a regular bus to reach their destination. O-Bahn services are very frequent, as often as every 3 to 5 minutes during peak hour to interchanges and every 15 minutes off-peak.

Be warned that bus frequency declines sharply after 7PM, with hourly intervals being typical in the outer suburbs, half hourly along Go Zones and every 15 minutes on the O-Bahn. All services cease operation around midnight, so check your timetables and expect to catch a taxi if required if you are out after this time. Very basic After Midnight bus services along limited routes operate hourly after midnight on Saturday nights only.

The free City Connector 99A and 99C (anti-clockwise and clockwise loop) buses each have about 30 stops taking in all the major cultural and commercial centres in the City, beginning at Victoria Square and including Adelaide Railway Station. The buses feature ground-level access ramps. They run every 30min on Monday to Friday from 8:30AM–7:00PM for the 99A, and from 8:15AM–7:15PM for the 99C. They do not operate on the weekend or on Christmas Day or Good Friday.

The free City Connector 98A and 98C (anti-clockwise and clockwise loop) buses operate every day. They cover the same City centre area as the 99A and 99C, and include a loop in North Adelaide.

The 99A, 99C, 98A and 98C services combined run every 15min Monday-Friday.

By tram
Adelaide has a tram line which runs from the Adelaide Entertainment Centre in Hindmarsh along North Terrace to the Botanic Garden. A second line starts from the Royal Adelaide Hospital through the City then down through the south-western suburbs to the beachside suburb of Glenelg. The Railway Station is a convenient stop to swap between the lines. Travel in the City between the Adelaide Entertainment Centre, Botanic Garden and South Terrace is free, while travel to Glenelg needs a ticket or a metroCARD. Tickets can be purchased from ticket machines on all trams or at some stops.

As well as being convenient for popular tourist destination Glenelg from the City, the tram also stops at Rundle Mall, Victoria Square near the Adelaide Central Market and at North Terrace near Adelaide Railway Station. Travelling north on the tram takes you to Hindmarsh and Bowden, the home of the Adelaide Entertainment Centre venue for stadium concerts as well as a popular cafe and restaurant strip along Port Road and the side streets alongside.

If you're driving a car, a convenient (and popular) alternative to parking in the City is to park at the Entertainment Centre and catch the tram into the City. It only costs $4 for a whole weekday, which is much cheaper than city parking.

On foot
The city centre is relatively compact and can be easily covered on foot. Most attractions are centred around the blocks between North Terrace and Victoria Square on either side of King William Street. The core Rundle Mall shopping district is entirely pedestrianised. The Gouger Street precinct and the Adelaide Central Market are also great destinations for a walking traveller.

Travellers keen to keep up on jogging while away can use popular jogging tracks along the River Torrens and through the Parklands.

By taxi
Adelaide has three main taxi companies which operate 24/7:

Cabs in South Australia are white (even those operated by 'Yellow Cabs') and they are clearly marked. It is generally possible to hail a taxi in the street or from a major hotel during business hours in the City, but in the suburbs you typically need to call one of the company booking services listed. There are a number of cab ranks which are staffed by the Taxi Council at night on weekends. Supervised taxi ranks offer extra security with lights and supervision by a concierge and a security officer. They operate 11PM-3AM on Fridays and 11PM-5AM on Saturdays. A map of locations is available on their website.

All taxis in Adelaide are required by the State Government to charge a regulated metered tariff, according to the time that the journey commences. Tariff one is the normal tariff rate and tariff two is a higher rate that applies between Monday to Friday 7PM-6AM, and on weekends and public holidays. Drivers almost always use the meter and are legally required to do so. Payment can be made by cash, EFTPOS, debit and credit cards and Cabcharge. It's a good idea to let the driver know if you are planning to pay with a method other than cash before you start your trip, as the machines can be unreliable.

By car
Adelaide's city centre and inner suburbs like Glenelg, Norwood and Prospect are easily traversed walking and using public transport. However, if you are expecting to spend a lot of time outside the city centre or you are planning a trip to a wine region, a car is useful to avoid long trips on public transport or in the case of the Barossa Valley, to get around at all.

Unlike other Australian state capitals, Adelaide does not have a network of freeways leading directly into the city centre. The freeways that exist begin in the outer suburbs and are for the purpose of carrying traffic to the nearby country towns. Speed limits on most major roads are signposted at 60 km/h, though the default speed limit is 50 km/h if no speed limit is posted. Speed limits are strictly enforced, and even creeping ever so slightly above the speed limit may earn you a ticket with a $350 fine.

All of Adelaide's roads as well as those throughout South Australia are toll-free.

Major national rental car companies operate kiosks at Adelaide Airport on the ground floor near baggage claim.

See
Adelaide's main important attractions are mostly centred in the City and North Adelaide. Unlike Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane or Perth, Adelaide isn't a place you would want to go specifically for city life and it's a lot less bustling than the other big cities. Instead, Adelaide is more known for its churches, and a trip to Adelaide is never complete without visiting one of its churches, not because of any historical or religious significance, but rather for their architecture. If you can only afford time to see one, St. Peter's Cathedral in North Adelaide is one of the most iconic churches in Australia.

Unlike other cities, Adelaide does not have a pass covering all the attractions.

Parks and gardens
Unlike most other cities, most of Adelaide's parks and gardens surround the city, forming a nice boundary distinguishing it from the rest of Adelaide instead of them being completely in the outskirts. There is also another boundary around North Adelaide as well, bordering the River Torrens making most of Adelaide's parks and gardens concentrated in that small but yet diverse green patch of land in the city.

Most of the other parks and gardens are otherwise found in the outer suburbs, particularly in the southeastern areas of Adelaide, often spacious and have a vast recreational space.

The parks in the city and North Adelaide are an obvious sign that you're in a city, while some like Morialta Conservation Park give a feel that you're out and about in the bush while some like Belair National Park have the perfect smooth transition between urban and rural. When it comes to national parks, the area of Adelaide only has three national parks, not like Sydney's eleven national parks, which for some would still be considered a lot for a city of its size. The national parks are listed below:
 * The first national park of South Australia; Belair National Park is home to numerous significant buildings including an old government house. The park has many walking trails as well as some waterfalls
 * The second national park of Adelaide is somewhat on the border of Adelaide, and is very much a bird sanctuary, the coastal national park of Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary National Park—Winaityinaityi Pangkara (if that name is hard to pronounce or is too long, Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary or Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary National Park will do), is home to several white beaches and is a particularly good place if you want to see dolphins
 * The third and newest national park is Glenthorne National Park—Ityamaiitpinna Yarta (if that's too long, Glenthorne National Park will do) was created in November 2020, which is fairly new compared to the other two national parks and is in the process of being converted to a national park from a conservation park.

Depending on whether you consider Adelaide Hills to be a part of Adelaide, Cleland National Park was also converted from a conservation park to a national park, which includes several mountain bike and hiking trails and Mt. Lofty, the only place where it ever snows in Adelaide, although that too is very very rare. Nevertheless, it's still a nice park to take a stroll.

In December 2021, Adelaide was named the world's second "National Park City" by the International National Park City Foundation (an organisation to promote national parks) after London which became the first in 2019. It's believed that 95% of Adelaide's residents reside just 400 metres from a park, and over 30% of the city is covered in green space, making Adelaide Australia's greenest city (although almost half of Canberra is taken up in a national park).

Museums and galleries

Adelaide's museums and galleries are also centred in the city and North Adelaide as well, just like the parks and gardens or most of the things to see or do in Adelaide, but there's a sizable number of museums in the Port Adelaide/Outer Harbor region as well.

Just like any other capital city, Adelaide has an art gallery, a state museum containing historical artifacts from all over South Australia as well as the border areas neighbouring states, an old gaol (old jail) and most of all, a wine centre in the city. In the suburbs, there's also a railway (railroad) museum, an aviation museum along with many others.

Out of all the museums, exhibitions or galleries in Adelaide, these are some that are particularly important:
 * National Wine Centre – in the city, a trip to South Australia without learning about the state's wine culture is never complete.
 * The South Australian Museum also in the city is very much South Australia's state museum containing artifacts and an indigenous collection along with several galleries. Just like most museums, it's free.
 * Although South Australia did not have such a large number of migrants unlike Sydney or Melbourne, the Migration Museum in the city tells stories of immigrants to South Australia throughout history, and it might surprise you more than you think – South Australia is still a pretty multicultural state, despite stereotypes
 * The Art Gallery of South Australia in the city is a particular place of interest for those interested in different genres of art.

There are several other museums, exhibitions and galleries too. See the relevant district articles for information about them.

Beaches
Adelaide's beaches are mostly in West Adelaide, given the fact that it's the only large district to have a coastline. While Adelaide International Bird Sanctuary National Park—Winaityinaityi Pangkara also has a long coastline, it's protected and not really a beach for swimming.

If there's anything that's a must at any Adelaide beach, it's surfing at one of the many surf beaches (Glenelg and West Beaches), an Australian classic. Some beaches have surf schools and places where you can rent surfboards, but to a much lesser extent than Sydney.

However, there are some beaches in particular, that get more visitors and are more popular beaches than others:
 * Glenelg Beach – The historic beachside suburb of Glenelg has a jetty, the Grand hotel and many restaurants and cafés. Very popular with young and old, lots of volleyball competitions.
 * West Beach – Ideal for family walks and swimming. It is reasonably close to both Glenelg and Henley Beach. At Henley Beach there is Henley square which hosts some 15 restaurants - an excellent dining venue. All the beaches along Adelaide's coastline are excellent white sand beaches, some with public toilets and cold water showers. If you want to 'wet a line' there are jetties at (suburban beaches, from north to south) Grange, Semaphore, Henley Beach, Glenelg, Brighton and Port Noarlunga.

Sport
As every city does, Adelaide also is known for its sport. As with most other Australian cities, Australian rules football (AFL) is the most popular sport, with cricket not far behind. Unlike Queensland or most of New South Wales, rugby league is not popular in Adelaide.
 * Cricket – During the summer months get down to the Adelaide Oval for a cricket match. Australia plays host to a couple of touring nations each summer and they will play a few matches at this beautiful ground which is just between the city and North Adelaide, in that small space of greenery. Tickets for internationals tend to be snapped up quickly, but domestic matches are frequent and equally exciting.
 * AFL, the peak league for professional Australian Rules Football. Home games for the local teams the Adelaide Crows and Port Adelaide Power are played at Adelaide Oval in North Adelaide in the winter months. Tickets are generally reasonably priced, and getting tickets shouldn't be a problem —- check out the AFL website for more details.
 * SANFL, the state Aussie Rules league, has 5 games per weekend at a number of locations throughout the city and suburbs. Norwood Oval, home of the Redlegs, is situated on the Parade in Norwood which is home to a variety of restaurant, café and pub options for after the game.
 * Check out the Adelaide United (soccer team) at Hindmarsh Stadium.

Performance art

 * Format Collective in 15 Peel St is a two-storey performance space with a permanent zine store which hosts small art shows, some of the more experimental gigs, discussion panels and performance art. Much of this is concentrated in the yearly Format Festival which is on at the same time as the Fringe Festival and is considered a more experimental alternative, although there are things on all year round. Known for its hipsters, Japanese beer, and nostalgic games of four-square.

Events
One of the best times of the year to visit is during Mad March, when a multitude of festivals and events are held. These include the Adelaide Fringe, the Clipsal 500 Car race, the Adelaide Festival, WOMADdelaide and the Adelaide Cup horseracing carnival.
 * Adelaide 500 (Superloop Adelaide 500) – During mid-March, the Adelaide 500 supercar racing event is very popular, sporting massive street parties, huge concert line-ups and many fanatic Adelaidians.
 * Adelaide Fringe Festival – During late Feb-March, the Fringe Festival (second largest of its type in the world) and Festival of Arts bring the city alive with music, arts, dance and culture from all over the world. Both are large and very popular events visited by people from all over the world.
 * WOMADelaide (World of Music Arts and Dance) – A hugely popular music festival now held every year in March. People come here from all over Australia and overseas. It shows Adelaide at its very best.

Learn
Three different universities call Adelaide home, of which the University of Adelaide is the best regarded. The other two universities in the Adelaide area are the University of South Australia and Flinders University. There are opportunities for international students to enrol in these universities, either as degree students, or as part of exchange programs with foreign universities.

Buy
Unlike the "big four" Australian cities, top-end luxury brands like Louis Vuitton, Gucci and Prada do not have a presence in Adelaide. The Victorian Adelaide Arcade that runs south from Rundle Mall has a fine collection of boutiques and specialist shopping such as numismatics, antiques and chocolatiers. Another good place to look for semi-luxury items would be Burnside Village in the eastern suburbs.

Malls and shopping precincts
Although Adelaide has many malls and shopping precincts, there are some that are of particular interest to travellers:
 * Rundle Mall in Adelaide City – a pedestrian-only shopping strip, with many arcades and side streets coming off it. Runs parallel to North Terrace. Over 800 shops.

 * Tea Tree Plaza (TTP for short) in Tea Tree Gully – a medium-sized shopping centre with over 250 shops. Tea Tree Plaza is the terminus of the Adelaide O'Bahn dedicated busway which begins in the city centre at Hackney Rd. It is easy to get there from the city centre; most of the buses that stop on the Grenfell St stops travel to the TTP interchange via the O'Bahn busway. It's easy to see from a distance as it has the large antenna and supporting pyramid type structure, well-known to the locals, on the roof of the Myer department store. Ample parking is available around, on top of, and underneath the complex. The much smaller Tea Tree Plus shopping centre is right next to Tea Tree Plaza.
 * Westfield Marion Shopping Centre in West Adelaide – Adelaide's largest shopping mall with over 400 shops. There are direct buses from the city centre to this Westfield.
 * Harbour Town also in West Adelaide just next to the airport – it's a mid-sized mall undergoing an expansion, featuring outlet shopping, situated up against the western edge of the Adelaide Airport. Only a short bus ride from the Airport, and 30 minutes from the city and North Adelaide. Also, no, this is not a spelling mistake.

Food Shopping
When it comes to food markets, Adelaide is never short of them. Some in particular include:
 * The Central Market between Grote and Gouger St, west of Victoria Square in Adelaide/City and North Adelaide – which has all your fresh fruit and veggies under one Victorian roof. It's not just vegetarians that will salivate here since foods and non-foods of every variety compete for the best displays. For those looking to buy food to take back home, Central Market is probably what you'd be looking for
 * Chinatown While it may come to a surprise for many, Adelaide also has a Chinatown, which is a pedestrian-only area (Moonta St) adjacent to Central Market.
 * City East IGA – this IGA won the best IGA Supermarket in SA for its amazing food range, including Greek, Italian, Chinese and Indian ranges. As its name implies, it's in the eastern side of city
 * Gaganis Brothers in West Adelaide is a food wholesaler but sells to the public with an amazing selection of ethnic foods. Most items available in larger quantities.

Local dishes
Adelaide's local cuisine generally does not differ much from standard Australian fare, but there are a handful of dishes unique to Adelaide that are worth trying while you're here.

The pie floater is an Australian meat (usually beef) pie in thick pea soup, often garnished with ketchup. This is sold at numerous pubs and cafes throughout Adelaide, but the place locals will point you to if you want to get the most classic version is Cafe de Vili's in Mile End South.

The AB is Adelaide's answer to the halal snack packs of the East Coast, consisting of yiros meat on top of a bed of hot chips, and topped off with tomato sauce, chilli sauce, garlic sauce and barbecue sauce, though it is not halal. Two shops, namely the North Adelaide Burger Bar (also known as the Red & White) and the Blue & White, both in North Adelaide, claim to have invented the dish.

The BYO culture
While fairly unusual in the rest of the world, it's common for restaurants in Australia and New Zealand to allow patrons to bring bottled wine to dinner. This practice is called 'BYO', short for "bring your own". Originally resulting from a loophole in liquor licensing laws, BYO is now a great opportunity to enjoy some of the wine which you have bought in a wine region, or to visit a local 'bottle shop' and enjoy a wider selection at lower prices.

Nowhere in Australia is BYO more common than in Adelaide. Most restaurants in Adelaide which serve alcohol will also allow BYO, though it's a good idea to call ahead to make sure. It's common for a charge called 'corkage' to be applied to the bill. Corkage will typically be around $10–15 per bottle, though higher charges are not unheard of. Corkage is applied even if your wine is under a screwtop rather than a cork, like virtually all recently produced Australian wine.

City

The City caters to virtually every different taste and price range. Adelaide has one of the largest number of restaurants and cafes per person in Australia and most of the best are in the City.

 * Gouger Street, Chinatown and the Central Market precinct is a multicultural food and wine paradise. Best known in Adelaide for good quality Asian food at a reasonable price, Gouger Street attracts a wide range of clientele from lawyers and public servants from the adjacent courts and State government precinct to new migrants. Chinatown and Gouger St is the hub of Chinese cuisine and culture in Adelaide and there are a wide range of Chinese restaurants along the strip. Other Asian cuisines are also featured including Thai, Vietnamese and Indian. On the northern side of Gouger St, the Adelaide Central Market has a great range of hawker style food stalls as well as a few older European cafes. The last decade has also seen the emergence of high-end dining on Gouger St, with a number of more expensive options joining the long standing and locally famed Argentinian restaurant, Gaucho's.
 * Rundle Street and the East End is the traditional hub of Italian and Greek cuisine in Adelaide, but there are also newer Chinese, Thai and Japanese restaurants. Like Gouger St, it has options across the spectrum of budgets, with the western end of the street closer to Adelaide University catering more to the budget end while the eastern end is more upmarket. The East End laneways off of Rundle Street have a range of smaller, quirkier cafes - Ebenezer Place, Bent Street and Union Street all have a few alternative options.
 * Waymouth Street and Pirie Street have emerged as new eating destinations over the last decade, particularly for an upmarket lunch. Waymouth Street, on the western side of King William Street, has a range of high end cafes, bistros and bars, while Pirie Street has a few new cafes.
 * Hindley Street is best known for its bars and nightlife, but has a range of multicultural food options, particularly Middle Eastern and Asian. The Leigh Street and Bank Street laneways have also emerged as dining destinations in their own right.
 * Hutt Street is smaller scale and offers a small variety of upmarket restaurants that please most tastes, and also has a wide variety of gourmet shops and supermarkets.
 * The South West Corner of the City's square mile, south of the Gouger Street precinct, is more residential but includes some of Adelaide's most interesting dining experiences sprinkled among the heritage homes and apartments.

North Adelaide

 * An eclectic mix of small restaurants and cafes make Melbourne Street an interesting place to eat.
 * The variety of take-aways, pubs, cafes, bakeries and restaurants that line most of O'Connell Street means you won't be wanting. It is also home to both shops that claim to have invented the AB.

Suburbs

 * The Parade, Norwood has a long stretch of shopping and cosmopolitan dining. Buses from the CBD numbering 122-124 or a very short taxi ride.
 * Jetty Road / Mosley Square, Glenelg has a variety of restaurants and pubs at the end of a 30 minute tram journey.
 * Stuart Road, Dulwich features two cafes, a licensed restaurant and a very good bakery. Catch the 145 or 146 from North Ter which heads along Fullarton Rd and up Dulwich Ave.
 * King William Road, Hyde Park is an upmarket strip of fashionable cafes, coffee shops and restaurants.

Budget
There are a lot of budget eateries in Adelaide. They don't usually look like much from the outside but most have something going for them - the reason that they are still in business. It pays to look through menus plastered onto doors. Cheap eats should be anywhere from $8–14 for a main, and no more.

There aren't many chains specific to Adelaide, with the sole exception of Fasta Pasta which you can expect to pay from $10 for a plate of pasta. The chain has somewhat become the fast food version of pasta. In more recent times, it can now be found in other states and its popularity in South Australia is due to the chain having started in Adelaide.

Mid-range
Although there are a lot of budget eateries in Adelaide, there are more mid-range eateries. They can be found in every part of Adelaide, and if you're on a budget and in an area without budget eateries. Pubs are generally a good place to look for mid-ranged food, with most pubs featuring fish and chips, as well as other Australian staples such as steaks, lamb chops, schitzels, pasta and risotto.

As with nearly everything in Adelaide, much of it can mainly be found in the city and North Adelaide, but there's plenty of them in smaller town centres. Cuisine wise, it's pretty easy to find Italian and Indian cuisines. Finding Asian (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese and Thai) cuisines are also easy, but may not match the standards in Sydney while finding Greek and Mediterranean cuisine is also easy, but may not match the standard found in Melbourne.

Splurge
Finding a fine dining restaurant in the city is pretty easy, but finding one in the suburbs is considerably less so. That said, the suburbs also have some excellent fine dining options if you know where to look. The nearby wine regions like McLaren Vale and the Barossa Valley also have excellent fine dining options, with several wineries having restaurants overlooking their vineyards that only open for lunch. Unlike other cities, if you're going to a fine dining restaurant, there is no dress code. See the section.

Dress codes
As Australians are generally casual, feel free to wear whatever you think suits well. Although most people make an effort to dress up for fancier restaurants, there is no requirement and both restaurants and diners alike are relaxed about dress standards, and so it's not uncommon to see people wearing jeans at restaurants, especially among the younger generations.

Drink
There are pubs and bars (also known as "hotels" in Australia) dotted all around the CBD, but a few districts are worth singling out. Rundle Street and its neighbouring area known simply as "The East End" have a number of popular pubs. Hindley St used to be notorious as the seedy home of Adelaide's strip clubs and bikie bars, but it, and "The West End" have undergone a renaissance. The eastern end of Hindley Street is more mainstream, whereas the western end, west of Morphett Street has a few trendier and more alternative venues. The seedy places are still there, but so too is a university campus and a number of trendy bars and clubs. Also important are Gouger Street and its many restaurants but with an increasing number of bars and pubs. O'Connell Street is home to a few of North Adelaide's popular pubs.

There are also many bars in the suburbs of Adelaide which usually are busier on Thursday and Friday evenings. Quite a lot of the locals will go to the hotels in the suburbs on Thursday and Friday evenings, and go into the Adelaide CBD on Saturday evenings.

Smoking in pubs and clubs is banned under South Australian law. Many drinking establishments have outdoor areas where smoking is permitted.

Sleep
Adelaide has hundreds of accommodation options in the CBD (central business district, i.e. downtown) to consider, from backpackers hotels to five star hotels. However, there are options out of the central area too.

If you are travelling on business, there may be business-style accommodation near to where you are working, but otherwise, the city centre generally has more availability.

If you are into camping, the closest camping to the city is in Belair National Park in the southeastern suburbs of Adelaide. The park is less than 10 km from the city, and there is a train service near the park.

If you are into the beach, you have no choice but to choose the suburbs closer to the coast. The closest one to the city is Glenelg, but there are some in Port Adelaide or Outer Harbor too.

Budget
There is a choice of backpacker accommodation around the central bus station. Popular districts for these include parts of the CBD and in some of the southern and northern outer suburbs of Adelaide.

Mid-range
As always, your best bet of finding a choice of mid-range accommodation is the CBD (both the city and North Adelaide), often connected to Victoria Square by public transport. Sometimes a cheaper motel-style accommodation can be obtained on the roads leading into Adelaide. Outside the CBD, most accommodation found will likely be mid-range, but the prices may be slightly lower with more facilities.

Splurge
Adelaide has the usual splurge chains such as Hilton or Novotel, mostly concentrated in the CBD. Luxury hotels can be found throughout Adelaide, but in particular, the city and West Adelaide are worth checking out – the former for convenience, and the latter for its beach views.

Stay safe
The Australia-wide emergency number is 000. The ambulance service, fire service and police are available through this number. For non-emergency police assistance, dial 131 444.

Adelaide is considered a safe city, and much more so than other Australian capitals. People should however exercise personal safety, particularly at night. Most violent crime in Adelaide is fuelled by alcohol, so be vigilant and avoid any confrontations if you are in the bars or nightclubs at night.

The city parklands are poorly lit and are best avoided after dark due to the presence of intoxicated people. If you need to cross the parklands to reach the suburbs, stay near the road. Catching a taxi or public transport is recommended at night.

Trains in Adelaide are generally reliable and arrive and depart on schedule. (Buses can be slightly more variable.) There are security guards on all trains after 7PM and many rail services have bus connections available.

At night, police actively patrol the city centre, especially Hindley Street, the latter being where many of the city's nightclubs and bars are. Taxi ranks are near the Adelaide Casino on North Terrace, the Hilton Adelaide Hotel on Victoria Square, and the junction of Rundle Street and Pulteney Street outside the Hungry Jacks fast food outlet. Most regular public transport services end before or at midnight, but special After Midnight bus services operate Saturday night only, travelling from the city to brightly-lit points throughout Adelaide's suburbs.

Adelaide occasionally experiences earthquakes, but these are usually minor and rarely cause major damage.

Stay healthy
Adelaide's remote location in the world's driest continent means that all of its drinking water is sourced from the River Murray or local reservoirs. Although the water is perfectly safe to drink, it does make tap water unpalatable to those not used to it and is best drunk filtered.

Connect
There is extensive free Wi-Fi access (port 80 only) in the CBD and the airport provided by Internode.

Consulates
As a relatively minor city, Adelaide does not have many consulates, with the nearest consulates for many countries being located in Melbourne or Sydney.

 * 🇩🇪 Germany
 * 🇹🇭 Thailand

Go next

 * Adelaide Hills, including the Mt Lofty Summit, provides spectacular views of the Adelaide metropolitan area. The Adelaide Hills are a series of villages, each having its own unique character. In particular, the towns of Hahndorf and Stirling are worth visiting.
 * The wine regions of the Adelaide Hills, McLaren Vale, Barossa Valley and Clare Valley
 * Kangaroo Island. Explore the natural environment.
 * Flinders Ranges. Head north to explore the natural beauty and frontier history of the Flinders Ranges and Wilpena Pound
 * Victor Harbor, just an hour or so drive south of Adelaide. Granite Island is one of the few places you can see Fairy Penguins in their natural habitat. Visit the nearby surf beaches in Pt Elliot, Middletown and Goolwa.
 * Whispering wall, at the Barossa Reservoir.
 * Yorke Peninsula is a popular holiday destination for Adelaidians, and less touristy than Victor Harbor, with towns dotted along the coast and the rugged Innes National Park at the foot of the peninsula.
 * Alice Springs, 1,500 km of driving. Main stops on the way are Port Augusta and Coober Pedy. Eventually, heading through the Northern Territory you will reach the turn off to Uluru.
 * Melbourne, via Coorong National Park, followed by the Limestone Coast and finally the Great Ocean Road before arriving in Melbourne.
 * Eyre Peninsula. Visit the historic town of Port Lincoln where you can see the massive tuna farms as well as going diving with Great White Sharks (in a cage) or swim with the dolphins and the seals. Also on the Eyre Peninsula is Coffin Bay, where Australia's best oysters are procured from.

title: Adelaide


text:
Adelaide Hills

Adelaide Hills is a region in South Australia. The Hills are just east of the Adelaide metropolitan area. It is mostly farming land, fruit production and wineries, with many small towns. After European settlement wealthy locals built here to escape the heat of the Adelaide Plain.

Understand
There are just a few larger towns: Mt Barker, Stirling for example, which are increasingly home to Adelaide workers. It is an easy 30-minute drive from Adelaide CBD. The highest point is Mount Lofty, 712 metres above sea level. In 2016, it was home to 72,000 people.

By car
There are many minor roads between Adelaide and the Adelaide Hills. These are through attractive rural areas but are not easy driving.

Easier access:
 * 1. via South East Freeway to Stirling, Hahndorf and Mt Barker. From Adelaide go SE, signed to Murray Bridge.

 * 2. via Payneham Road then Lower North East Road. From Adelaide go east, signed first to A11, Payneham or A11, Eastern Suburbs, then A11 Hancock Road. At Coles supermarket turn right (unsigned) onto North East Road. Takes 30-40 minutes to leave Adelaide suburbs and reach the start of the Adelaide Hills.
 * 2b. A very poorly signed right turn off Lower North East Road in Campbelltown leading to the B31 Gorge Road 'Gorge Scenic Drive' is an option to go alongside the Kangaroo Creek Reservoir.
 * 3. via North East Road. From Adelaide go north east, signed first to A10 North East Suburbs, then A10 Modbury. Takes 30-40 minutes to leave Adelaide suburbs and reach the start of the Adelaide Hills. Then follow B10 'Torrens Valley Scenic Drive' to Gumeracha and Birdwood (another 30 minutes). Goes alongside Millbrook Reservoir.

By bus
Adelaide Metro operates weekday services to Lobethal along the SE Freeway and Onkaparinga Valley Road. In most cases a change of bus is necessary to connect with the bus between Adelaide and Mt Barker. Adelaide Metro fares apply on this service.

Southlink operates services around the Mt Barker area, including bus services direct to Adelaide central bus station. The fares and timetables are integrated with the Adelaide services. Google Maps operates the trip planner service, and the fares and route details are on the Adelaide Metro site.

LinkSA operates services in the northern part of the Adelaide Hills and the Barossa. Intended for local users, there is an occasional service between the Tea Tree Plaza Interchange on the O-Bahn and Birdwood. LinkSA has a separate fare system.

Get around
The Hills is a challenge to drive around by car, with some inadequate signage and winding roads, but they are beautiful to drive. With a map you won't go too far in the wrong direction and no doubt have taken a scenic drive.

In addition to the sealed roads, there are many unsealed or 'dirt' roads. Do not expect to find signage along dirt roads, they are used by locals who mostly know where they are going. Dirt roads do not have a speed limit shown, you are supposed to drive at what you judge is a safe speed. A speed limit sign could be seen as a challenge by some people!

To the east of the main line of the Adelaide Hills is Onkaparinga Valley Road. This is a good standard, rural road and is mostly flat along its length. From the SE Freeway, it starts close to the Hahndorf turnoff which also directs you to Woodside and Birdwood along the Onkaparinga Scenic Drive. Going mostly in a NNE direction it passes through Verdun (originally Grunthal), Balhannah, Oakbank, Woodside, Charleston, Mt Torrens before finishing at Birdwood (originally Blumberg).

Public transport isn't great around the Hills, which is a shame given the fantastic wines of the region, however there are a couple of tour companies providing regular services.

See

Do

 * Visit some of the 29 winery cellar doors. The following are a range from the very small to the larger corporate producers.
 * Petaluma
 * Hahndorf Hill Winery
 * Nepenthe
 * Shaw & Smith
 * Tilbrook Estate
 * Bird in Hand
 * Barratt Wines
 * Ashton Hills
 * Wine tours
 * Visit food producers - small goods, cheese makers, chocolate makers, espcially in Hahndorf, Balhannah, and Woodside.
 * Visit country markets in Echunga, Uraidla, Woodside, Stirling.
 * Steam Ranger - occasionally from Mt Barker, more often between Goolwa and Victor Harbor (The Cockle Train). Despite the name and their advertising, most journeys are on railcars or diesel hauled.
 * Reservoirs A variety of activities are possible from hiking or fishing to kayaking, or simply enjoying the views.
 * Reservoirs A variety of activities are possible from hiking or fishing to kayaking, or simply enjoying the views.

Events

 * Santos Tour Down Under (TDU): Professional cycle race. Takes place in January partly in Adelaide and partly in the Adelaide Hills. The times and locations are published about November. Roads are closed when and where necessary. The daily race maps (for January 2024) are here.
 * Oakbank races: In particular the Easter weekend races are popular. Although there is controversy about horse racing, many attendees treat the event as purely a social occasion.
 * Bay to Birdwood: On a day in October, historic vehicles drive from West Beach to the National Motor Museum in Birdwood. This is not a race.
 * Lights of Lobethal: Local residents decorate their homes with Christmas lights. For two weeks before Christmas a one way road system is set each evening. Very popular with locals and people from Adelaide.

Sleep

Stay safe
Bushfires can occur during the hot, dry summers. The CFS issues a daily map of Fire Danger Ratings and a frequently updated map of current incidents. On a day classified as 'Catastrophic', most venues will be closed so stay away, and on an 'Extreme' day it is wise not to travel in the Hills.

Go next
It is easy to drive north to Barossa Valley or south to McLaren Vale to visit other wonderful wine region, or south to the ocean and the Murray and the towns of Victor Harbor and Goolwa.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Adelaide Hills


text:
Adelanto

Adelanto is a city in San Bernardino County in California.

Get in
U.S. 395 bisects Adelanto coming from Randsburg to the north and Interstate 15 near Hesperia to the south.

title: Adelanto


text:
Aden

Aden is a city in the Yemeni Coastal Plains, on the Gulf of Aden at the southern end of the Red Sea.

Understand
Aden has a long and complex history.
 * It was a major port on the Maritime Silk Road. Marco Polo described it as a hub of commerce, where goods arriving by ship from the East were transferred to smaller boats for the trip up the Red Sea and on to Alexandria and Christendom.
 * At one point it ruled a small empire, the part of Africa just across from it.
 * In the 19th century, it became a British protectorate.
 * It was the capital of South Yemen until Yemen was re-united in 1990.

It is a very picturesque city with a mix of traditional Arabic and British influences. It was the capital of the liberal South, but it has been changing due to the take-over of the tribal forces of the North. For instance the Soviets banned head scarves for women and for decades, women were relatively emancipated and could carry out university degrees abundantly. Now, the scarves are back on the street. There is also a sizeable Somali minority (war refugees).

Climate
The city swelters through a desert climate all year round, with high temperatures and little to no rain.

Get in
Access to Aden is available by car, airplane and bus. Airfare from Sana'a on Yemenia, the national carrier, is around 10,000 rials or US$55. Buses are generally comfortable and the journey from Sana'a to Aden takes about 8 hours. A ticket costs ~1500 rials. Be prepared to show a travel permit (Tashrih) on military checkpoints. You can't leave capital Sanaa without it. It's good idea to have also few photocopies of your passport ready. If you travel to Aden or elsewhere in Yemen by plane, no travel permit is required.

There are direct flights to many cities in the Middle East. If you are flying in from outside the region, it will be necessary to transfer in Egypt, Jordan or the United Arab Emirates.

Get around
The different current options are:
 * private taxi
 * collective taxi ("mer mer") - costing 40 rials from Tawahi to Crater or Sirah for instance (ask for colour codes if you speak Arabic), cheap and easy to use along common routes
 * by foot - for any climbing and to complement many collective taxi trips.

Taxis are practical, yet always bargain with the taxi driver before getting in. Otherwise, they have the tendency to get it done at their high price. If you know the city very well, you can use the mini-buses along with the public. The mini-buses are easy to use; they follow an essentially circular path around the city. Find someone familiar with the area to explain their route as the fare for the buses is around 30 rials, or roughly a tenth of the average taxi ride. There are also many boats that will take you whenever on a little cruise on the sea.

Aden International Airport is accessible, yet if you are in Yemen it is better to drive there. You can also rent cars from international companies.

See
Sunsets, lagoons (for bird-watching), the Aden museum, Crater (including a shopping district), people, beach and reservoirs.

Sights by neighborhood:

Tawahi (Steamer Point)

 * Ancient "Hôtel Univers" (where Arthur Rimbaud lived)
 * Climbing village
 * Panoramic viewpoints
 * Ancient "Hôtel Univers" (where Arthur Rimbaud lived)
 * Climbing village
 * Panoramic viewpoints
 * Panoramic viewpoints

Ma'alla

 * Shopping venue

Crater

 * Panoramic viewpoints
 * Rambow Hotel (which is not Rimbaud's hotel)
 * Panoramic viewpoints
 * Rambow Hotel (which is not Rimbaud's hotel)
 * Panoramic viewpoints
 * Rambow Hotel (which is not Rimbaud's hotel)
 * Panoramic viewpoints
 * Rambow Hotel (which is not Rimbaud's hotel)

Do
Among activities carried out by the locals that you can easily sample:
 * snooker ("billiard")
 * hanging out at fresh juice bars or small restaurants with kubz (giant pita bread)
 * chewing betel (2 versions: tobacco, sweet). This causes cancer in the long-run, and also stains teeth and gums red. Tobacco version is very strong and spitting regularly is highly recommended. The sweet version is particularly tasty and doesn't induce the same urge to spit.
 * chewing qat - the national past-time. This also causes cancer in the long-run; first-time use generally induces restlessness, insomnia and general mouth fatigue and aches
 * climbing on the mountain tops for great views of the city (beware of the no trespassing zone and take abundant water and sun screening equipment)
 * beach activities.

Aden is especially known for the beautiful beaches and swimming activities. Besides this, Aden has the only considerable nightlife in Yemen, and foreigners can enjoy wonderful Arabian nights.

Sport fishing: tunas and sharks can be hunted near the coast.

A visit at the Gold Mohur Beach and Elephant Bay Hotel is a must. For women travelling alone, there is also a women-only beach at the Sheraton Hotel. Excellent snorkeling is available although not as clear as Sharm El-Sheikh.

Buy
Beautiful scarfs can be purchased in Crater as well as an abaya for the ladies. Spices can also be found in abundance. Other typical local products include: perfumes & incense, men and women's clothing, head scarves, honey, sweets.

Eat
Aden is especially known for its fresh fish.

Breakfast dishes
 * Foul beans and baguette bread or khobez (round pita bread)
 * Khmir (sweet square doughnuts) and tea with milk

Dinner or lunch Moufa or mukbza restaurants have mufa fish, khobez rushwsh, mulwah, rateb (round bread).
 * Zurbian a mixture of lamb and colored rice.
 * Saiydia fish steak (tuna or king fish) and rice.
 * Shwarma is the snacks in the evening, pita bread and tender grilled lamb meat with Salad

Drink
There are few places in Aden where you can buy alcoholic drinks. Aden is known for its belly dancing events by overseas dancers (e.g. Iraqis and Syrians), which you can find in many tourist places, including Sheraton Aden, Diplomacy Resort, Bahara, Nashwan, and Hotel Aden.

Fruit juice bars offer very nice, cheap and wholesome drinks.

Sleep
Aden is the tourist and economical capital of Yemen. You have many chances to purchase alcohol, go to clubs and enjoy a sunset in the high-class hotels. There are many 5-star hotels and numerous others.

Budget
There are many budget, decent and clean hotels and resorts such as:

Stay safe
See the warning on the Yemen article.

title: Aden


text:
Adirondacks

The Adirondack Park is both the largest and the first government-protected park in the contiguous United States. It covers a vast expanse—bigger than New Hampshire—of rugged, thickly wooded, mountainous terrain in northeast New York State. The Adirondacks are a popular destination for all lovers of outdoor activities, from hiking and skiing to ice and rock climbing.

Towns and villages
As the Adirondacks are for the most part protected parkland, there are no major cities. The strict restrictions on development do not apply within the various incorporated villages which were already extant at the time of the park's creation, but the largest of these settlements have no more than a few thousand permanent inhabitants.

Eastern Lakes
This region is directly south of Plattsburgh at the southern edge of Lake Champlain, along I-87 or US-9.

 * — Chestertown plus several surrounding hamlets and lakeside communities on the other side of the Northway from Lake George.
 * — Ruins of former British fortress (and site of an earlier French fortress) near a bridge to Vermont.
 * — The Adirondack History Center Museum is a former school house which houses a local history museum.
 * — Historic federal town in Essex County, once a War of 1812 shipbuilding facility, now a small agricultural village with well preserved early 1800s architecture, galleries, marinas and access to the Champlain Area Trails network.
 * — Vacation spot in upstate New York situated on a lake.
 * — Home of Fort Ticonderoga, a Revolutionary War Site.
 * — Cottage country and birthplace of the popular wooden Adirondack chair

High Peaks

 * and Keene Valley — Great rock and ice climbing, hiker's gateway to the Adirondacks.
 * (aka Adirondac or McIntyre) — An iron and titanium mining ghost town north of ; fewer than ten buildings remain.

Old Forge and Western wilderness

 * - A small hamlet in the town of Indian Lake. Midpoint on the Northern Forest Canoe Trail, hosts the Adirondack Museum.
 * - A small town which serves as the western gateway to the area from the Mohawk Valley. It is the starting point for the Northern Forest Canoe Trail.

Tri-Lakes and Northwest

 * - Home of the Covered Bridge
 * - Host to two Winter Olympiads (1932 and 1980), it's now a charming, but tourist town.
 * - An "All American City", this village is host to North Country Community College and adjoins a tiny hamlet which houses Paul Smith's College.
 * - Home of the Natural History Museum of the Adirondacks.
 * - Near Lake Placid. Home of Whiteface Mountain and the North Pole (New York) Santa theme park

Other destinations

 * Whiteface Mountain, near Wilmington, is a major Olympic alpine ski destination.

Understand
"The lands of the state, now owned or hereafter acquired, constituting the forest preserve as now fixed by law, shall be forever kept as wild forest lands. They shall not be leased, sold or exchanged, or be taken by any corporation, public or private, nor shall the timber thereon be sold, removed or destroyed."

- New York State Constitution (1894), Article VII, Section 7

History
Tourism to the Adirondacks was initially spurred by the 1849 publication of Joel Tyler Headley's Adirondack; or, Life in the Woods and by passenger rail travel. Thomas C. Durant's 1871 Adirondack Railway, the first of multiple lines into the region in an era of wildly-speculative rail construction, is now the Saratoga and North Creek Railway (a heritage railway). Because of the relative ease by which rail brought New York City and Albany's wealthy elite northward, by 1875 there were more than two hundred hotels in the Adirondacks and the well-to-do were building "Great Camps" along the lakefronts as recreational property.

A Dr. Ed Trudeau, great-grandfather of Doonesbury cartoonist Garry Trudeau, opened a tuberculosis clinic (the Adirondack Cottage Sanitarium) in Saranac Lake in 1884, believing the cold, clear mountain air of the region to aid in medical recovery. Hundreds of "cure cottages", houses with large, glass-enclosed porches where patients would take in the mountain air, were constructed in this era. Robert Louis Stevenson, author of 'Treasure Island' and 'Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde', spent the winter of 1887-88 in Saranac Lake writing 'The Master of Ballantrae.' Sixty-three of the cottages still remain on the National Register of Historic Places, although the introduction of suitable antibiotics in the mid-1940s largely eradicated tuberculosis a decade later.

In the immediate post-Civil War era, logging caused extensive deforestation in the southern Adirondacks, with the topsoil runoff fed directly into the Hudson River and Erie Canal watersheds. Adirondack Park was created by New York State in 1892 to protect key natural resources, including freshwater and timber. Waterways which fed from the park into the Erie Canal system and to the Hudson were seen as vital to the continued contribution of the canal to New York's commercial shipping industry. The Adirondack Forest Preserve (the part of the Adirondack Park under state control) was listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1963 and attracts several million visitors annually.

Landscape
The Adirondack region is mountainous with about three thousand small lakes, many streams and extensive old-growth forests. Forty-two of the 46 Adirondack High Peaks are above 4,000 feet (1,219 m), with the remaining four (Blake Peak, Cliff Mountain, Nye Mountain and Couchsachraga Peak) just under four thousand feet in height. Whiteface Mountain, near Wilmington and Lake Placid, served as a winter Olympic ski venue in 1980; in summer, a trail is open for mountain biking.

Flora and fauna
There are 53 known species of mammals in the park; various attempts have been made (with varying success) to introduce or re-introduce beaver, elk, fishers, American marten, moose, Canadian lynx and ospreys. Deer are plentiful. Hawks, owls, fox and weasels have been known to prey upon many species desired by hunters. Wolves and cougars also prey upon other species in the park.

Hunting and fishing are allowed in some portions of the Adirondack Park, but are strictly regulated. Some portions are protected from human encroachment as wilderness areas.

Climate
Climate during the winter months can be severe, with temperatures occasionally falling below. The air is cold and clear.

By car
From NYC, Albany and Montréal: The main route along the eastern edge of the Adirondacks is Interstate 87, commonly known as "the Northway." There are no tolls north of Albany on I-87; the highway continues north through Montréal (as Autoroute 15) into the Laurentians. The Northway has beautiful views of the mountains, but limited services north of Lake George.

From Northern New York: From Watertown, take NY 3 (Arsenal Street, Watertown's main street) through the park to Saranac Lake. It's also possible to reach the park from the north side by taking US 11 to Malone, then turning south on NY 30.

From Utica-Rome: NY 28 runs north into the park from Herkimer; to pick up NY 28 from Utica use NY 12 northbound, from Rome use NY 365.

From Vermont: The Green Mountain State is largely separated from the Adirondacks by Lake Champlain. This usually means crossing by ferry, but there is a Lake Champlain Bridge between the Chimney Point state historic site (on VT 17) and the Crown Point historic area (in the park, on NY 185). Another option is to head south and miss the lake entirely (so Fairhaven and Rutland VT to Lake George is overland). Traffic originating at the northernmost edge of the state (St. Albans, Jay Peak) takes the US 2 bridge at the north end of the lake to Champlain and Rouses Point, then follows I-87 or US-9 through Plattsburgh to the park.

By bus
There is limited Trailways bus service from Rochester, Syracuse and Albany to points north including Keene Valley, Lake Placid, Tupper Lake and Plattsburgh.

By train
Amtrak's aptly named Adirondack train runs between Montreal, Quebec, and Penn Station in New York City. Stops in-region include Port Kent (seasonal, Burlington VT ferry dock), Westport (connection to Lake Placid bus), Port Henry, Ticonderoga and Whitehall. The train leaves Montreal at 9:30AM daily, and New York at 8:30AM. The trip takes approximately 10 hours but expect delays at the border. It used to be one of the most delayed in the whole Amtrak system, but in the early 2010s some of the issues causing delays have been addressed, notably improving on-time performance.

By boat
The main Plattsburgh-Burlington ferry crossing runs from Grande Isle VT (west of Colchester across the US 2 bridge) directly to Plattsburgh; from there, take I-87/US-9 south to the park.

There are also Vermont/Lake Champlain ferry crossings within the park:
 * A ferry crosses from Burlington (Vermont) to Port Kent, near Keeseville
 * A ferry crosses from Charlotte VT to Essex (New York)
 * A ferry crosses from Larrabees VT to Ticonderoga

By plane

 * Cape Air provides subsidised Essential Air Service twice-daily to Saranac Lake from Boston and a similar service to Plattsburgh.
 * Additional flights are available in Burlington, Montréal-Dorval and Albany.

Fees and permits
Except for improved public campgrounds, there is no fee to camp or travel on state land.

It is illegal to transport untreated firewood more than 50 miles from its source. Local firewood can easily be found in roadside stands and convenience stores. Retailers include a slip of paper documenting the source of the firewood. Without this proof, your firewood may be seized.

By car
Interstate 87 runs along the Eastern edge of this area, following a similar path to its predecessor, US Highway 9. NY 30 enters the park from Malone in the north. Access to most of the park is via two-lane New York State highways.

NY 86 joins Lake Placid to Saranac Lake, from which NY 3 goes to I-87 in the east or I-81 Watertown in the west.

The main roads around the High Peaks region are Route 73 to the north and east which runs through Lake Placid, routes 3 and 30 through Tupper Lake to the west, and route 28N and Boreas road to the South. Fuel stations are available about every 20 miles in these areas.

By train
The Adirondack Scenic Railroad runs a tourist train from Lake Placid to nearby Saranac Lake, as well as a train in Old Forge.

By boat
Cruising on small craft is permitted on most of the larger lakes such as Lakes George, Champlain, Raquette, Tupper, Indian, Schroon, and Blue Mountain Lake. Hundreds of smaller lakes, ponds, and streams provide canoe routes of varying length, but not all are open to motorised vessels.

Boat tours are available on Lake George.

See
Local museums include the Adirondack Museum and store in Blue Mountain Lake, the Hyde Collection Art Museum and Historic House in Glens Falls (near Lake George), the Natural History Museum of the Adirondacks in Tupper Lake and the Paul Smith's College Visitor Interpretive Centre in the hamlet of Paul Smiths (near Saranac Lake).

In Lake Placid, John Browns Farm State Historic Site preserves the last home and burial site of a famed abolitionist, while the North Elba Historical Society Museum (in the former New York Central rail terminal) and a Winter Olympic Museum (in the Olympic centre) recall sporting history and the 1932 & 1980 Lake Placid winter games.

Fort Ticonderoga, an 18th-century French fortress which overlooks Lake Champlain from Ticonderoga, offers tours, historic galleries, walking trails and gardens for visitors.

Do
The region is famous for winter sports, particularly downhill skiing. Lake Placid is in the unusual position of having hosted not one but two Winter Olympiads, in 1932 and again in 1980. The Olympic ski competition took place at Whiteface Mountain, near Wilmington (New York) and other Olympic facilities can be found in Lake Placid.

The many huge, open spaces appeal to outdoorspeople, where the many lakes and streams draw fishermen, canoeists and nature lovers.

Live theatre venues include the Adirondack Theatre Festival in Glens Falls, the Pendragon Theatre in Saranac Lake, the Depot Theatre at the Westport rail station and the Lake Placid Center for the Arts, a year-round performing and visual arts facility.

Sightseeing tours are available on lake boats in Old Forge.

Buy
Various traditional crafts and rustic wooden furnishings are manufactured in the region.

The Adirondack chair, originally a "Westport plank chair" designed by Thomas Lee in Westport, New York in 1903 and patented by carpenter Harry Bunnell in 1905, is simple in design. One plank of hemlock, pine or cedar is cut into eleven pieces and assembled onto a simple wooden frame as a distinctive outdoor chair which tilts slightly back. The patents for the chairs, popular among cottagers, have long expired; woodworkers in many faraway places (including a few Amish communities) have readily adopted the basic designs. While there have been endless knockoffs, ranging from Ontario's "Muskoka furniture" of similar construction to the mass-market composite, resin or recycled plastic imitations which turn up at hardware and lumber dealers nationwide, some of the original wooden chairs are still made in the region and shipped far and wide.

As the handful of villages within the park boundary are small (typically fewer than 5000 people each), most of the local merchants are small independents. The closest major shopping mall is the Champlain Centre in Plattsburgh.

Eat
As fish and game are abundant, culinary options can be as local as smoked venison, roast duck, and fresh rainbow or brook trout caught in the Adirondacks and cooked over an open camp fire. Locally-harvested maple syrup can also be had in season.

Conversely, everything from Asian or Italian cuisine to Tex-Mex can be had from various local restaurants in the villages. The area around Saranac Lake and Lake Placid, once the home of the "Great Camps" of New York City's wealthy and powerful elites, offers various opportunities for fine waterfront dining and eateries in all price ranges.

Drink
Food and drink establishments are plentiful in the various small villages within the park boundary. There are a few wineries, microbreweries and cider makers in the region, as well as a distillery.

Sleep
Get a tent, sleep almost anywhere.

Another option is to stay in any of the villages within the park boundary, which typically offer the full standard range of accommodations from bed and breakfast or small independent motels or hotels to the name-brand chains or the luxury lakeside resorts around Lake Placid, Lake George, Saranac Lake, Old Forge, Schroon Lake and the St. Regis Lakes.

Stay safe
There is very little crime in the Adirondacks. Still, be vigilant when driving alone at night on back roads. Think twice before stopping the car for strangers on the road. As anywhere, the road conditions can be dangerous in the winter months. In all seasons, be on the lookout for deer on the road.

The most common problem is travelers going into the wilderness without proper experience or equipment. There is prevalent wildlife throughout the Adirondacks, and interactions between humans and wild animals are common.

In some areas, bear resistant canisters are required. Check the areas where you are staying to see if this is the case.

Go next
One can take a ferry across Lake Champlain to get to Burlington, a lively college town and the biggest city in Vermont.

Central New York and the North Country are also nearby, as is Saratoga Springs. To the south, the Erie Canal and American Industry Tour both pass through the Albany state capital region.

One could also continue northwest into the Thousand Islands or north into Canada. Montréal is relatively easy to reach from Plattsburgh and Ottawa-Gatineau less than an hour's drive from Ogdensburg. Ontario's Algonquin Park is the closest provincial park of comparable size and scale.

title: Adirondacks


text:
Adoor

Adoor is a well known municipal town in Kerala in India.

By bus
From Thiruvananthapuram (100 km) or Kochi (130 km).

By bus
KSRTC buses connect Adoor with almost all important places in Kerala.A new inter-state service was also introduced. A new KSRTC scania luxury bus was also introduced which helps travel to Bangalore. Getting to nearby places is quite easy as there are a number of private buses connecting villages in and around Adoor. Other major routes through Adoor are:

 * Kayamkulam    -    Punaloor            (Ordinary and Fast)
 * Kayamkulam    -    Kottarakkara        (Ordinary and Fast)
 * Kayamkulam    -    Pathanamthitta       (Ordinary)
 * Kottayam      -    Kottarakkara        (Ordinary, Fast and Express)
 * Kottayam      -    Thiruvanathapuram   (Ordinary, Fast and Express)
 * Ernakulam     -    Thiruvanathapuram   (Ordinary, Fast and Express)
 * Guruvayoor    -    Thiruvananthapuram  (Ordinary, Fast and Express)
 * Kollam        -    Pathanamthitta      (Private and Govt.)
 * Chavara       -    Pathanamthitta      (Private)
 * Karunagappally -   Pathanamthitta      (Private and Govt.)

KSRTC Bus Stand Contact no: 04734 224767

By car

 * From Thiruvananthapuram to Adoor -  2 Hrs (85 KM)
 * From Ernakulam (Cochin) to Adoor  -  3 Hrs (130 km)

For internal Travel minimum charge will be ₹10 and every one km the charge is ₹8 in day time and ₹10 in night. Autorickshaws are available throughout the day and are deployed at Central Bus Stand.

By foot

 * From Adoor Central Govt. Bus Stand to Private Bust Stand  -  10 Min.
 * From Adoor Central Govt. Bus Stand to Revenue Tower       -  5 Min. ( Near To Private Bus Stand)
 * From Adoor Central Govt. Bus Stand to Parthasarathy Temple - 2 Min.
 * From Adoor Central Govt. Bus Stand to Chennampallil Temple - 15 Min.
 * From Adoor Central Govt. Bus Stand to Trichennamangalam Mahadevar Temple - 20 Min. (Peringinadu)

Do

 * Sacred Heart Malankara Catholic Church, central tall, near Gandhismriti Maidain and Holy Angel's EMHSS
 * Sacred Heart Malankara Catholic Church, central tall, near Gandhismriti Maidain and Holy Angel's EMHSS
 * Sacred Heart Malankara Catholic Church, central tall, near Gandhismriti Maidain and Holy Angel's EMHSS
 * Sacred Heart Malankara Catholic Church, central tall, near Gandhismriti Maidain and Holy Angel's EMHSS

title: Adoor


text:
Adra

Adra is a town of 25,000 people (2018) in Almeria, Andalucía, in southern Spain. It has some nice beaches, and a museum.

History
Abdera was founded by the Phoenicians as a trading colony. It later grew to prominence under the Roman Empire. Adra was the last stronghold of the Moors in Spain. In January 1492 it was here that the forces of Boabdil were defeated ending the power of the Moors in Spain.

Get in
Adra is easily accessible on the A-7 by road. Buses come from Almeria, Malaga, Granada, and most other large towns in Andalucía.

The nearest train station is in Almeria and has connections to Madrid, Barcelona, and the rest of Spain.

The nearest large international airport is in Malaga, but there is a smaller airport that has limited flights in Almeria city.

See

Do

 * Beaches: Adra has 3 beaches. Poniente lies to the west of the harbour, and is the largest of the three. San Nicolas and Censo are east of the harbour and extend to the town limit. There is a nice walking/biking path along all three beaches.
 * The Fair: Adra's fair is considered to be the second most important in the province of Almería. September 5-10. The patron saint is la Virgen del Mar, who is taken out in a procession on September 8, while San Nicolás de Tolentino is celebrated on the 10th with a procession through el Barrio, the old town.
 * April 25 is the day of San Marcos and is important to the farmers of Adra. It is an official festival of tourist interest in Andalucía.
 * July 16 is the day of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, the patron saint of fishermen. A procession takes place by boat.

Buy
Bazaars take place two Saturdays a month in a carpark which is beside the Sports Centre and IES Abdera School.

Eat
Tapas are the name of the game in Adra. With about a dozen tapas bars, one is bound to find something they like. Seafood is the speciality and foods like octopus and mussels are not to be missed. As with the rest of Almeria and Granada the tapas are always free.

Restaurants are almost non-existent in Adra. The couple that are available tend to be overpriced.

Drink
Most tapas bars are found on Paseo de los Tristes in the centre of town. There are a couple of tapas bars dispersed through the rest of the town, although most are found relatively near or on the beachfront.

Go next
Adra is less than one hour from the provincial capital of Almeria.

title: Adra


text:
Adrar des Ifoghas

The Adrar des Ifoghas is a large plateau in the eastern Kidal region of Mali covering roughly 250 000 km². Adrar is the Tamasheq word for mountain while Ifoghas is the name of a Tuareg clan which lives in the region, the French so named it to differentiate from their (long-held) Adrar in Mauritania. The area is home to a surprising number of animals, including gazelles, antelopes, hyenas, jackals, snakes, & lizards. It contains some very scenic desert landscapes, including granite outcrops, eroded sandstone, gueltas (similar to an oasis, but less "green" around them), rock paintings, petrified wood, and even an ancient river valley.

Understand
The Adrar des Ifoghas is a remote part of the Sahara with plenty of remnants to evoke its ancient, non-desert past.

Settlements

 * Abeibara —
 * Aguelhok —
 * Essouk — called by some the "cradle of the Tuareg" this tiny town was once a prospering town along trans-Saharan trade routes from the 9th to 12th centuries CE; rock painting dating to 8000 BCE can be found, although little remains of its ancient past. Legend holds that Boctou, founder of Timbuktu, was born here.
 * Tessalit,, a town of a couple thousand Tuareg which serves as the border post for the small amount of traffic between Mali & Algeria; the town has some gypsum and ancient salt mines.
 * Tin-Essako —

Get in and around
The only way into the region is via 4x4 (although Tessalit has a rarely used airstrip). Given the remoteness of the region, it is best to hire a guide who has an understanding of the region and knows where all the main sights are. Trips can be organized out of Kidal, you best bet to find one is inquiring at the hotels: Mount Krutel (285 00 90), Hotel Campement les Dattiers, or Chez Catharine. Two Tuareg-run travel agencies can be found in Kidal:
 * Affala Voyages Initiatives (, tel: 285 00 92)
 * Timitrin Tours
 * Azaouad Voyages

See

 * Tilemsi Valley —
 * Rock paintings —

Do

 * Camel treks —

Eat
Bring all the food you will need, as food cannot be purchased outside Kidal. If you stay in a settlement for a night, you may be offered (or can possibly pay for) a meal with a Tuareg family.

Drink
The Tuareg are Muslim and it would be very insulting of you to bring alcohol! Having three cups of tea with a Tuareg is a classic experience and not to be missed. As for water, bring all the water you will need! The settlements have wells and there are some large gueltas to replenish your water supply, though.

Stay safe
Do not underestimate the remoteness! You must have proper supplies for an extended trip into the desert, about a week is necessary to travel from Kidal and spend a few days exploring. Bring two weeks' worth of supplies in case you get lost or caught in a dust storm. Independent travel is highly discouraged and a guide and 4x4 is absolutely essential.

When camping (and sleeping) be sure your tent is entirely sealed as most animals, including venomous snakes and scorpions along with hyenas & jackals, are nocturnal. Be very careful when climbing around rocks and any place that is shady and cool, as these are the places where snakes, scorpions, and other animals stay cool during the day. The sand viper buries itself entirely so that only the eyes appear above the sand, while there is a species of scorpion whose venom is more deadly than a cobra! Try to tread carefully to avoid stepping on a viper.

Go next

 * Anefis, picturesque town on the edge of the Adrar.
 * Gao, the closest thing to a city anywhere near the Adrar.
 * Kidal, the region's capital

title: Adrar des Ifoghas


text:
Adrian

There is more than one place called Adrian:

United States of America

 * Adrian (Georgia) — A town in Georgia (state).
 * Adrian (Illinois) — A town in Illinois.
 * Adrian (Kansas) — A town in Kansas.
 * Adrian (Michigan) — A town in Michigan.
 * Adrian (Minnesota) — A town in Minnesota.
 * Adrian (Missouri) — A town in Missouri.
 * Adrian (North Dakota) — A town in North Dakota.
 * Adrian (New York) — A town in New York (state).
 * Adrian (Oregon) — A town in Oregon.
 * Adrian (South Dakota) — A town in South Dakota.
 * Adrian (Texas) — A town in Texas.
 * Adrian (West Virginia) — A town in West Virginia.
 * Adrian (Wisconsin) — A town in Wisconsin.

title: Adrian


text:
Adrian (Michigan)

Adrian is a city of 21,000 people (2019) county seat of Lenawee County. Adrian is sometimes referred to as "the Maple City" due in part to the many sugar maple and other maple tree species found throughout the city. From here, a congregation of Quakers operated part of the Underground Railroad.

Understand
Adrian was founded on June 18, 1826 as Logan by Erie and Kalamazoo Railroad promoter Addison Comstock. His wife renamed it to its current name after Roman Emperor Hadrian. Even though it shaped up to be one of the motor capitals of the world from 1900 to 1912, it failed due to one company making bad financial decisions and the other to a fire at its plant. However, J. Wallace Page invented the first successful wire fence, making Adrian known from the late 1800s to the early 1900s as the fence capital of the world with one of the world's first fencing manufacturers.

Do

 * Heritage Park and Trestle Park have extensive mountain bike trails and boardwalks along the river. Trestle Park features a pedestrian walkway along a former railroad trestle.
 * Heritage Park and Trestle Park have extensive mountain bike trails and boardwalks along the river. Trestle Park features a pedestrian walkway along a former railroad trestle.
 * Heritage Park and Trestle Park have extensive mountain bike trails and boardwalks along the river. Trestle Park features a pedestrian walkway along a former railroad trestle.
 * Heritage Park and Trestle Park have extensive mountain bike trails and boardwalks along the river. Trestle Park features a pedestrian walkway along a former railroad trestle.

Connect
The area code is 517.

title: Adrian (Michigan)


text:
Adrian (Texas)

Adrian is an incorporated city in the Texas Panhandle with a population of about 140. The tiny city promotes itself as the "Midpoint of Route 66", a highway which once led from Chicago to Santa Monica.

Understand
Adrian is in Oldham County, approximately 14 miles from Vega (Texas).

Get in
Access is by highway. Adrian is on Route 66, a once-famous US Highway which was bypassed long ago by Interstate 40. In the Texas Panhandle, the old road still exists in the individual towns as "Interstate 40 BUS" but otherwise was "upgraded in place" (or replaced) by mainline I-40.

title: Adrian (Texas)