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Igbo phrasebook

Igbo (ásụ̀sụ̀ Ìgbò) is a Niger-Congo language spoken primarily in Nigeria. There are between 18 and 25 million Igbo speakers living primarily in southeastern Nigeria in an area known as Igboland. Igbo is a national language of Nigeria and is also recognised in Equatorial Guinea. Igbo is made up of many different dialects which aren't mutually intelligible to other Igbo speakers at times. A standard for Igbo called 'Igbo izugbe' has been developed. Igbo is written in the Latin alphabet introduced by British colonialists and missionaries. Secret societies such as the Ekpe use nsibidi ideograms to write Igbo and other languages around its area of influence. Nsibidi is an ideographic writing system used for over 500 years.

Major cities where Igbo is most spoken include Onitsha, Enugu, Owerri (oh-weh-reh), Port Harcourt, and Asaba (in Igbo, ah-hah-bah).

Through the transatlantic slave trade, the Igbo language has influenced many creole languages in the Americas, especially in the former British Caribbean, including islands such as Jamaica, Barbados, Dominica, and Trinidad and Tobago. Variations of Igbo known as Suámo can be found in Cuba. Igbo is spoken by a significant number of people on Bioko island in Equatorial Guinea, formerly known as Fernando Po, and in micro-communities in Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea, and it is also spoken by recent migrants of Igbo descent all over the world.

Pronunciation guide
Igbo is a tonal language with a high, mid, and low range, in addition there are rising and falling tones. Accents is used to indicate the high and low tones; an acute accent such as 'ó' are used for high tones, and a grave accent such as 'è' is used for a low tone. There are further accents that indicate nasal or backed vowels. The lower dotted accent such as 'ọ' combined with a grave accent ('ọ̀') is used to indicate a low backed vowel, and an upper dotted accent such as 'ė' or a lower dotted accent with an acute accent ('ọ́') is used for a high backed vowel. The trema (¨) such as 'ö' or a simple dot underneath is used for a mid backed vowel. Other diacritics include the caron (ˇ) for rising tones, the circumflex (ˆ) for falling tones, and the macron (¯) for down-steps or long vowels.

Vowels
Vowels in Igbo are very similar to those in English when there is little tone stress on them. Most of the times vowels in Igbo are written with accents indicating this tone.

Consonants
Consonants do not have a tone in Igbo apart from 'n' and 'm' which are the only letters that can be written with accent marks.

Grammar
Igbo is considered an agglutinative language. A number of affixed phonemes denote the tense of a verb in addition to the other modifications of a verb root; an example using òjéḿbà, "traveller", can be split into the morphemes: ò, pronoun for animate and inanimate objects or "he, she", jé verb meaning "travel, walk, embark", ḿbà "town, city, country, foreign lands, abroad" resulting in "he/she/it-go[es]-abroad".

Nouns in Igbo have no grammatical number and there are no gendered pronouns or objects. Igbo grammar generally maintains a subject–verb–object clause order; mádụ̀ àbụ́ghị̀ chúkwú, "human[s]-[it]is[not]-God", "man is not God". Adjectives in Igbo are post-modifiers, although there are very few Igbo adjectives in the closed class; many so called "adjectives" in Igbo are considered nouns, especially when the word is a pre-modifier like im ágádí nwóké transliterated as "elderly man". Igbo features vowel harmony between two vowels and commonly features vowel assimilation where a preceding vowel influences the articulation (or the elision with /a/) of the next such as in ǹk'â, "this one", analysed as ǹkè "of" and â "this". Igbo syllable shapes are CV (consonant, vowel) which is the most common, V, and N which are syllabic nasals, there are also semi vowels like /CjV/ in the word bìá (/bjá/) "come" and /CwV/ in gwú /ɡʷú/ "swim".

Igbo dialects are roughly split into a Northern Igbo (NI) and Southern Igbo (SI) class which is defined by the area in southeastern Nigeria where Igbo is spoken. Further classification can split the Northern Igbo dialect into an Inland Western Igbo dialect (areas around Onitsha and Awka), a Northeastern Igbo dialect (around Abakaliki) and a Western Igbo or Niger Igbo dialect (Asaba to Agbor); the Southern Igbo dialect can be split between a South Central or Inland East Igbo dialect (around Owerri and Aba), an Eastern or Cross River Igbo dialect (around Arochukwu and Afikpo), and a Riverine or Niger Delta Igbo dialect (around Bonny Island and Port Harcourt). In reality there are dozens of Igbo dialects all with their own subtleties and the farther one dialect group is from the other, the less they'll probably be able to understand each other. In response to the possible difficulty of Igbo speakers understanding the opposite extremes of the dialects to theirs, a Standard Igbo dialect (Ìgbò ìzùgbé) has since evolved from the early 20th century and is the standard used for official uses and education. In practice, Standard Igbo has no population base in the Igbo speaking world and is largely ignored except for in formal education. There has also been much criticism and rejection of the constructed language, with accusations of inauthenticity, difficulty, and bias towards dialects that were chosen in the forming of the dialect.

Addressing people
In Igbo society there are different ways of addressing people depending on their status in society. In order to show good manners and politeness, Igbo speakers are expected to use honorifics to address those who are significantly older than them (usually those old enough to be an uncle or grandparent, and fittingly, 'uncle' is sometimes used as an honorific). Here are some of the basic honorifics used in Igbo society.

 * māzị́- (MAH-ZEE) : The most basic honorific for males, about equivalent to Mister. Mazi Ibekwe: Mister Ibekwe
 * dâ- (DAH): The most basic honorific for females, about equivalent to Misses, Miss, and most similar to madam or ma'am. Da Mgbechi: Madam Mgbechi
 * dê-dè- (DEH-deh) : Another honorific for males, usually used in an informal setting, may be seen as the male equivalent of 'da', it has no equivalent in English, but is similar to saying 'big brother'. It is usually shortened to 'de'.
 * ìchíè- (ee-CHEE-ye) : literally elder, used to address male elders.
 * ńzè- (IN-zay) : a noble title for males found in the northern parts of Igboland.
 * lộlọ̀- (LOH-loh) : can be interpreted as 'dane' or 'dutchess', a title given to the wife of a titled man.

Those younger than you can be called by their gender — 'nwóké', meaning "male"; 'nwânyị̀', meaning "female"; or 'nwá' (WAHN), meaning child. This form of address can be patronising.

Reading and writing
The Igbo language was first inscribed with ideographs known as nsibidi which originated in the Cross River region of Africa. Nsibidi symbols were used to represent ideas and oftentimes specific objects. British colonialism from the late 19th century till 1960 has wiped away nisbidi from general use and has led to the introduction of the Roman-script-based orthography known as ọ́nwụ́ which developed from several revisions of Roman orthographies in the 19th century and early 20th century. The first book written in Igbo was an Ibo-Isuama primer by Bishop Ajayi Crowther, a Sierra Leonean creole of Egba-Yoruba descent in the 19th century. As a tonal language, the Latin script has been modified to fit the different tones and sounds of the Igbo language.

Igbo-language literary works have been few since colonialism introduced an alphabet. Literature in English by Igbo writers on Igbo society, however, have achieved international acclaim. The most popular of these books, Things Fall Apart, written by author Chinua Achebe, deals with the subject of colonialism and the destruction of Igbo society in the late 19th century.

The Igbo languages' tonality may be confusing at times, but it is important: Homonyms are differentiated by the way that the tones are expressed. Diacritics are used to signal tones in written Igbo along with other special characters such as the dot over (˙) and underneath (.). /akwa/ is a notorious homonym in Igbo which can be interpreted in different tones as /ákwà/ ('cloth'), /àkwá/ ('egg'), /ákwá/ ('cry, crying'), /àkwà/ ('bed'), /àkwà/ ('bridge').

Written Igbo
There are hundreds of Igbo dialects and Igboid languages spoken by different clans and former nation-states. The high variation and low mutual intelligibility between many Igbo dialects has been a hindrance to written Igbo and Igbo literature over the years. This has led to the development of a standard form of Igbo known as 'standard Igbo' or Igbo izugbe. This standard form was based on dialects around the central parts of Igboland. Although it is was created to boost Igbo literature, it received a little bit of backlash and opposition from Igbo speakers such as author Chinua Achebe, who see it as artificial and prefer to speak their own dialects. Igbo izubge is the standard used in the curriculum of Igbo language studies, and an Igbo lingua franca.

Basics

 * Hello. : Ndêwó. (n-DAY-WO)
 * Hello. (informal) : Kèdú. (keh-DO)
 * Hello. (casual) : Ǹdâ. (in-DAH)
 * Welcome : Nnộ (n-NORH)
 * How are you? : Kèdú kà ímẹ̀rẹ̀? (keh-DOO kah E meh-reh)
 * Fine, thank you. : Ọ́ dị̀ ḿmá. (AW dee iM-MA)
 * What is your name? : Kèdú áhà gị́? (keh-DO AH-ha GEE)
 * My name is ______ . : Áhàm bụ̀ ______, or Áfàm bụ̀ (: AH-ham boo  _____ or AH-FAHM boo.)
 * Nice to meet you. : Ndêwó. (n-DAY-WOAH)
 * Please. : Bīkó. (BEE-KOE)
 * Thank you. : Dālụ́/Imẹ̄lá. (DAA-LOO/EE-MEH-LAH)
 * You're welcome. : Ǹdêwó. (in-DAY-WOAH)
 * Yes. : Éeyi, Ëhh. (ey, AEH)
 * No. : Ḿbà . (iM-bah)
 * Excuse me. (getting attention) : Biko, chètú. (BEE-koe, CHE-too)
 * Excuse me. (begging pardon) : Biko, é weli íwé. (BEE-koe, A WELLI E-WAY)
 * I'm sorry. : Ndo; Gbághàrám. (n-DOH, BA-gha-RAM)
 * Goodbye : Kà ómésíá. (kah O-MEH-SI-YA)
 * Goodbye (informal) : Kà ányị́ húní. (ka AN-YEE HOO-NEE)
 * I can't speak Igbo [well]. : À náḿ à sụ́ Ìgbò [ọ̀hụ́má]. (ah NAHM ah SU eegboh [aw-HOO-MAH])
 * Do you speak English? :Ị̀ nà sụ́ Bèké ? (ee nah SOO beh-KEH[bae-KEH]?)
 * Is there someone here who speaks English? : Ọ di onye nọ nga nweríkí súfù bèké? (OR dee on-yeh NOR in-GAH weh-RI-KI SUH-foo beh-KEH?)
 * Help! : Nyéḿ áká! (YEM AH-KAH)
 * Look out! : Lèmá kwá! (lay-MAH KWA)
 * Good morning. : Ututu Ọma . (oo-TUTU oh-mah)
 * Good evening. : Ngbede Ọma . (MM-GBAEDAY oh-mah)
 * Good night. : Kà chí fọ̌. (ka CHI FOE)
 * I don't understand. : À ghọ́tàghìm. (ah GAW-tah-gim)
 * Where is the toilet? : Ké ébé ḿkpóchí dì? (keh EH BEH MM-K-PO-CHEE dee)

Problems

 * Leave me alone. : Háfụ̄m áká. (HAH-POOM AH-KAH)
 * Don't touch me! : Ẹ́mẹ́tụ́lụ́ḿ áká! (EH-MEH-TOO-LOOM AH-KAH)
 * I'll call the police. : Á gàm ị́ kpọ́ ńdị́ ùwé ójíé. (AH gahm EE PORE IN-DI ooh-WEH OH-JEE-YEAH)
 * Police! : Poleesi/Uwè ojié! (poe-LEE-see/OO-way oh-JEE!)
 * Stop! Thief! : Kushí! Onye óshi/ohi! (koo-shee! OH-NYE OH-shi)
 * I need your help. : Á chom kí nyém àkà. (AH chom kee nyeah-m AH-KAH)
 * It's an emergency. : Ọ bu ihnyé óbì ọsịsọ. (OR boo i-hi-yeh OH-bee OH-si-sor)
 * I'm lost. : À mághim ébém nọr. (AH MAH-gim EH-BEH-m NOR)
 * I lost my bag. : Akpám è fuólé. (ak-pam EH FU-OH-lay)
 * I lost my wallet. : Àkpà égóm è fuólé. (ak-pah EH-GOME eh FU-OH-LAY)
 * I'm sick. : Àhụ nà anwụm. (ah-HOO NAH woom)
 * I've been injured. : Á meruolam àhú. (AH MEH-RU-AW-LAM ah-hoo)
 * I need a doctor. : Onye ògwò orịá kam chọ. (OH-yeh OH-gw-oh OH-ri-ya KAM chor)
 * Can I use your phone? : M nwèríkí jítú fonu gí? (IM weh-RI-KI JI-TOO fo-nu GEE)

Numbers

 * 1 One : Ótù/Ófù (OH-too/OH-foo)

 * 2 Two : Àbụ́ọ́ (ah[ae]-BWORE)

 * 3 Three : Àtọ́ (ah[ae]-TOH)

 * 4 Four : Ànọ́ (ah[ae]-NAW)

 * 5 Five : Ìsé (ee-SAY)

 * 6 Six : Ìsî (ee-SEE-ee)

 * 7 Seven : Àsâ (ah[ae]-SAH-ah)

 * 8 Eight : Àsátọ́ (ah[ae]-SAH-TAW)

 * 9 Nine : Ìtôlú /Ìtenani (ee-TOE-LOO) /(ee-TAE-naH-ni)

 * 10 Ten : Ìrí (ee-R[L]EE)
 * 11 Eleven : Ìrí nà ótù (ee-R[L]EE nah OH-too)

 * 12 Twelve : Ìrí nà àbụ́ọ́ (ee-R[L]EE nah ah-BWORE)

 * 13 Thirteen : Ìrí nà àtọ́ (ee-R[L]EE nah ah-TOH)

 * 14 Fourteen : Ìrí nà ànọ́ (ee-R[L]EE nah ah-NAW)

 * 15 Fifteen : Ìrí nà isé (ee-R[L]EE nah ee-SAY)

 * 16 Sixteen : Ìrí nà ìsî (ee-R[L]EE nah ee-SEE-e)

 * 17 Seventeen : Ìrí nà àsâ (ee-R[L]EE nah ah-SAH-ah)

 * 18 Eighteen : Ìrí nà àsátọ́ (ee-R[L]EE nah ah-SAH-toh)

 * 19 Nineteen : Ìrí nà Ìtôlú (ee-R[L]EE nah ee-TOE-LOO)

 * 20 Twenty : Ìrí àbụ́ọ́ / Ọ́gụ́ (ee-REE ah-BWORE / AW-GUH)

 * 21 Twenty one : Ìrí àbụ́ọ́ na ótù (ee-REE ah-BWORE nah OH-too)

 * 22 Twenty two : Ìrí àbụ́ọ́ na àbụ́ọ́ (ee-REE ah-BWORE nah ah-BWORE)

 * 23 Twenty three : Ìrí àbụ́ọ́ na àtọ́ (ee-REE ah-BWORE nah ah-TOH)

 * 30 Thirty : Ìrí àtọ́ (ee-REE ah-TOH)

 * 40 Forty : Ìrí ànọ́ / Ọ́gụ́ àbụ́ọ́ (ee-REE ah-NAW / AW-GUH ah-BWORE)

 * 50 Fifty : Ìrí ìsé (ee-REE ee-SAY)

 * 60 Sixty : Ìrí ìsî (ee-REE EE-SEE-e)

 * 70 Seventy : Ìrí àsâ (ee-REE ah-SAH-ah)

 * 80 Eighty : Ìrí àsátọ́ (ee-REE ah-SAH-toh)

 * 90 Ninety : Ìrí Ìtôlú (ee-REE ee-TOE-LOO)

 * 100 Hundred : Ńnárị́ / Ọ́gụ́ ìsé (IN-NAH-REE / AW-GUH ee-SAY)

 * 200 Two hundred : Ńnárị́ àbụ́ọ́ (IN-NAH-REE ah-BWORE)

 * 300 Three hundred : Ńnárị́ àtọ́ (IN-NAH-REE ah-TOH)

 * 400 Four hundred : Ńnárị́ ànọ́ / Ńnụ̀ (IN-NAH-REE ah-NAW / IN-nuh)

 * 1000 Thousand : Púkú (POO-KOO)

 * 2000 Two Thousand : Púkú àbụ́ọ́ (POO-KOO ah-BWORE)

 * 3000 Three Thousand : Púkú àtọ́ (POO-KOO ah-TOH)

 * 10,000 Ten Thousand : Púkú ìrí (POO-KOO ee-RE)

 * 100,000 A hundred thousand : Púkú ńnárí (POO-KOO IN-NAH-REE)

 * 1,000,000 Million : Ńdè (IN-day)

 * 100,000,000 A hundred million : Ńdè ńnárí (IN-day IN-NAH-REE)

 * 1,000,000,000 Billion : Ìjérí (ee-JAY-REE)

Time

 * time : ógè (OH-gey)

 * now : ùgbúà / kita (oog-BU-wa) / (kee-TAH)

 * later : óméziá (OH-MEH-ZEE-YAH)

 * before : dū (DOO)

 * daily : dā (daah)

 * morning : ụ̀tútụ̀ (ooh-TUH-tuh)

 * afternoon : èhíhìè (ey-HEE-hye)

 * evening : ḿgbèdè (IM-beh-deh)

 * dusk : ùrúlúchí (oo-ROO-LOO-CHEE)

 * night: ábàlì (AH-bah-lee)

Clock time

 * Clock : Élékéré (AY-LAY-KAY-REH)

 * six o'clock in the morning: élékéré ìsî nà ụ̀tụ́tụ̀ (AY-LAY-KAY-REH ee-SEE-ee nah oo-TUH-tuh)

 * nine o'clock AM : élékéré ìtôlú nà ụtútụ (AY-LAY-KAY-REH ee-TOE-LOO nah oo-TUH-tuh)

 * noon : èhíhìè nàbọ (ey-HEE-hee-yay nah-BOH)

 * one o'clock PM : élékéré ótù nàbọ (AY-LAY-KAY-REH OH-too nah-BOH)

 * two o'clock PM : élékéré abuọ nàbọ (AY-LAY-KAY-REH ah-BWORE nah-BOH)

 * midnight : ètítì ábàlì (ay-TEE-tee AH-bah-lee)

Duration

 * Second : Ńkéjì (IN-KAY-jee)

 * Minute : Mkpìlìkpì ógè (im-pee-lee-pee OH-gey)

 * Hour : Àmànị̀ (ah-mah-nee)

 * Day : Ụ́bọ̀chị̀ (OO-boh-chee)

 * Week : Ízù (EE-zoo)

 * Month : Ọ́nwạ́ (AW-WAH)

 * Year : Áfọ̀ (AH-fore)

Days

 * today : tâ, ụ́bọ̀chị̀ tâ (TAH, OO-boh-chi TAH)
 * yesterday : ńnyáfụ̀, chí láránị́ (IN-YAH-fuh, CHI LAH-RAH-NEE)
 * tomorrow : échí (AY-CHEE)
 * this week : ízù ǹkâ (EE-zoo in-KAH)
 * last week : ízù láránị́ (EE-zoo LAH-RAH-NEE)
 * next week : izù nabia (ee-ZOO nah-BYAH)

 * Sunday : Ụbọchị úkà (oo-BOH-chi oo-KAH)
 * Monday : Mondè (MOHN-dae)
 * Tuesday : Tusde (toos-dae)
 * Wednesday : Wensde (WENS-dae)
 * Thursday : Tosdè (TOHS-dae)
 * Friday : Fraidè (FRY-dae)
 * Saturday : Satde (SAHT-dae)

Months
The Gregorian calendar is translated into Igbo either by naming the twelve months by their position in the calendar, or by using loan words from English.

 * January : Ọ́nwạ́ M̀bụ́, Januari (AW-WAH mm-BOO, JAH-noo-wa-ree)
 * February : Ọnwa Abuọ, Febureri (AW-WAH ah-BWORE, FEH-boo-way-ree)
 * March : Ọnwa Àtọ, Machi (AW-WAH ah-TOH, MAH-chi)
 * April : Ọnwa Ànȯ, Eprulu (AW-WAH ah-NORE, AY-prool-oo)
 * May : Ọnwa Ise, Me (AW-WAH ee-SAY, MEH)
 * June : Ọnwa Ishii, Jun (AW-WAH EE-SHE-e, JOON)
 * July : Ọnwa Asaa, Julai (AW-WAH ah-SAH-ah, JOO-lai)
 * August : Ọnwa Asatọ, Ogost (AW-WAH ah-SAH-toh, AW-gost)
 * September : Ọnwa Itoolu, Seputemba (AW-WAH ee-TOE-LOO, SEP-tehm-BAH)
 * October : Ọnwa Iri, Oktoba (AW-WAH ee-REE, OK-toe-BAH)
 * November : Ọnwa Iri na Ótu, Novemba (AW-WAH ee-REE nah OH-too, NO-vehm-BAH)
 * December : Ọnwa Iri na Abuọ, Disemba (AW-WAH ee-REE nah ah-BWORE, DEE-sem-bah)

Seasons
There are only two seasons in the Igbo homeland; the dry season and the rainy season. There is also a dusty trade wind known as harmattan that blows throughout West Africa.

 * Rainy season : Ùdù ḿmírí (oo-doo MM-MEE-REE)
 * Dry season : Ọ́kọ́chì (AW-KOH-chee)
 * harmattan : ụ́gụ̀rụ̀ (OO-goo-loo)

Writing time and date
The Igbo have adopted the Western way of writing the time and date, most of the times dates are written as they would in English speaking country's (dd/mm/yyyy) or (yyyy/mm/dd). These are some of the terms for date and time in Igbo.

 * Year : Áfọ̀ (AH-fore)
 * Decade : Áfọ̀ ìrí (AH-fore ee-REE)
 * Century : óchíê (oh-CHEE-YEAH)

Colours

 * colour attribute, emit (v.) : chä (CHAH)
 * It is... : Ọ́ dị̀... (AW dee)
 * It is coloured... : Ọ́ nà chá... (AW na CHAH)
 * black : ójī (OH-JEE)
 * white : ọ̀chá (aw-CHA)
 * gray : ntụ ntụ, gre (in-TOO in-TOO, GREY)
 * red : mmẹ̀-mmẹ̀, úhìè (m-MEH-m-MEH, OO-hee-ye)
 * blue : àlùlù, blú (ah-loo-loo, BLOO)
 * yellow : èdò, ògùlù, yélò (ey-doe, OH-goo-loo, YEAR-loe)
 * green : ńdụ̀-ńdụ̀ (IN-doo-IN-doo)
 * orange : ḿmánụ́ ḿmánụ́, órènjì (AW-cha MM-MAH-NOO MM-MAH-NOO, OH-rehn-jee)
 * purple : òdòdò (oh-doe-doe)
 * brown : ńchárá,bùráùnù (IN-CHA-RA, AKH-pah-im-manu, bu-RAWN-noo)

Family

 * Father : Ńnà (NN-nah)
 * Mother : Ńnẹ́ (NN-NEH)
 * Older brother : Nwáńnẹ́ḿ nwōké (WAHN-NEHM WOAH-KAY)
 * Older sister : Nwáńnẹ́ḿ nwânyị̀ (WAHN-NEHM WAHN-yee)
 * Younger brother : Nwáńnẹ́ḿ nwōké ńtà (WAHN-NEM WOAH-KAY NN-tah)
 * Younger sister : Nwáńnẹ́ḿ nwânyị̀ ńtà (WAHN-NEM WAHN-yee NN-tah)
 * Grandfather : Nna nna/nne (NN-nah NN-nah/NN-NEH)
 * Grandmother : Ńnẹ́ ńnẹ́ (NN-NEH NN-NEH)
 * Uncle : dêdè / dê (DEH-deh / DEH)
 * Aunt : Dâ, àntí (DAH, ahn-TEE)
 * Husband : Dí (DEE)
 * Wife : Nwínyè (WEE-yay)
 * Son : Nwá nwōké (WAHM WOAH-KAY)
 * Daughter : Nwáḿ nwânyị̀ (WAHM WAHN-yee)
 * First son : Ọ́kpárá (AWK-PAH-RAH)
 * First daughter : Àdá (ah-DAH)
 * Middle son : Ụ̀lụ́ (ohh-LUH)
 * Last child : Ọ́dụ̀ nwá (AW-doo WAH)
 * Grandchild : Nwá nwá　(WAH-WAH)
 * In-law : Ọ́gọ̀ (AW-gawh)

Bus and train

 * How much is a ticket to _____? : Égó òlé ka tiketi nke na ga _____? (AY-GO oh-LEY kah tee-keh-tee dih in-KAY nah gah)
 * One ticket to _____, please. : Nyem ótù tiket nke na ga _____, biko. (YEHM OH-too TEE-keht in-KAY NAH GAH _____, BEE-COE)
 * Where does this train/bus go? : Ébé òlé ka ụgbo igwẹ/bosu nka na ga? (AY-BOW-LAY kah oog-bow EE-GWEH/BOR-soo in-KAH nah GAH)
 * Where is the train/bus to _____? : Ébé òlé ka ụgbo igwẹ/bosu dị, nke na ga _____? (AY-BOW-LAY kah oog-bow EE-GWEH/BOR-soo dee, in-KAY NAH GAH _____?)
 * Does this train/bus stop in _____? : Ụgbo igwẹ/bosu nka, ọ nà kúshí na _____? (oog-bow EE-GWEH/BOR-soo in-KAH, aw nah KOO-SHEE nah _____?)
 * When does the train/bus for _____ leave? : Mgbe òle ka ụgbo igwẹ/bosu nke na ga _____? nà fú? (mm-beh OH-LAY kah oog-bow EE-GWEH/BOR-su in-KAY nah GAHH _____?)
 * When will this train/bus arrive in _____? : Mgbe òle ka ụgbo igwẹ/bosu nkè gi ru _____? (mm-beh OH-LAY kah oog-bow EE-GWEH/BOR-su in-KAY GEE- ROO _____?)

Directions

 * up : élú (AY-LOO)
 * down : nàlà (nah-lah)
 * atop : nà élú (nah AY-LOO)
 * under : okpúrù (oak-KPOO-roo)
 * front : nà íshí, nà ihü (nah EE-SHEE, nah EE-HUE)
 * back : nà àzú (nah-ah-ZOO)
 * How do I get to _____ ? : Òtùòlé kǎm gi rú ______? (oh-too-oh-LAY KAHM GEE-RUE)
 * ...the train station? : ...ébé ụ̀gbọ́ ígwè nà kụ́shị́? (AY-BAY oohg-BOW EE-gweh nah KOO-SHEE?)
 * ...the bus station? : ...ébé bọ́s stéshọ̀n? (AY-BAY BOS STAY-shon?)
 * ...the airport? : ... ẹ̄pọ̀tụ̀? (EH-poh-too?)
 * ...uptown? : ...énú ànị? (AY-NOO ah-nee)
 * ...downtown? : ...àzú obodo? (ah-ZOO oh-bow-doe)
 * ...the youth hostel? : ...ụlọ úmù ndi yut? (ooh-loh OO-moo IN-DEE YOO-t)
 * ...the _____ hotel? : ...ébé hotel _____ ? (AY-BAY hoe-tell)
 * ...the American/Canadian/Australian/British consulate? : ...ébé ndi mbiàmbiá Amerika/Kanada/Ostrailia/Briten? (AY-BAY IN-DEE mm-byah-BYAH...)
 * Where are there a lot of... : Ébé olé kà Í gí nwétá óké... (AY-BAY oh-LAY kah EE GEE WEH-TAH O-KAY)
 * ...hotels? : ...ébém gi hï? (AY-BEHM GEE HEE)
 * ...restaurants? : ...úlọ nri? (OOH-loh in-REE)
 * ...bars? : ...úlọ mmányá? (OOH-loh IM-MAHN-YAH)
 * ...sites to see? : ...ébé nlènlé kwánú? (AY-BAY in-lehn-LAY KWA-NOO)
 * Can you show me on the map? : Ì gi zim òtú úzọ/map? (ee GEE zeem oh-TOO OO-zor/MAH-pu)
 * street : okpóló ilo (ohk-PO-LOK ee-LOW)
 * Turn right. : Gbá na áká nri./Gba raitu. (BAH nah AH-KAH REE./BAH RAI-too)
 * Turn left. : Gbá na áká èkpè./Gba leftu. (BAH nah AH-KAH ehk-peh./BAH LEHF-too)
 * right : áká nri, áká Ikéngà, raitu (AH-KAH REE, AH-KAH ee-ken-gah, RAI-too)
 * left : áká èkpè, leftu (AH-KAH ehk-pe, LEHF-too)
 * straight ahead : gàwá na ihü (gah-WAH nah EE-HUE)
 * towards the _____ : nọ̀ nà ụ́zọ̀ _____ (noh nah OO-zor)
 * past the _____ : gáfè _____ (GAH-fay)
 * before the _____ : nà ísí _____ (nah EE-SEE)
 * Watch for the _____. : Lèmá kwá _____. (leh-MAH KWAH)
 * intersection : ábọ́, jonkshon (AH-BOH, JONK-shon)
 * north : òlìlé anyanwü, àfọ̀ (oh-lee-LAY AHN-YAH-WOO, ah-four)
 * south : nlédà anyanwü, ǹkwọ̀ (in-LAY-dah AHN-YAH-WOO, in-kwor)
 * east : ọwụwà anyanwü, èké (OH-WOO-WAH AHN-YAH-WOO, ay-KAY)
 * west : ọdịdà anyanwü, órìè (oh-dee-dah AHN-YAH-WOO, OH-ree-yeah)
 * uphill : élú ụ́gwụ (AY-LOO OO-GWOOH)
 * downhill : ụ́kwụ́ ụ́gwụ (OO-KWOO OO-GWOOH)

Taxi

 * Taxi! : Éess, Tasi! (AY-see, TAH-see)
 * Take me to _____, please. : Wèrém gá _____, biko. (way-REHM GAH _____, BEE-COE.)
 * How much does it cost to get to _____? : Égóle kọ di Í jé _____? (AY-GO-LAY KOH dee EE JAY _____?)
 * Take me there, please. : Wèrém jé ébé áhü, biko. (way-REHM JAY AY-BAY AH-hoo, BEE-COE.)

Lodging

 * Do you have any rooms available? : I nwere ụla di? (EE weh-reh oo-lah dee?)
 * How much is a room for one person/two people? : Egole kọ di maka ótu madu/madu abụo? (AY-GO-LAY core dee mah-kah OH-too MAH-doo/MAH-doo ah-bu-wor?)
 * Does the room come with... : ... ọ di na ụla? (aw dee na oo-lah?)
 * ...bedsheets? : ...ákwà àkwà edinà? (AH-KWAH ah-kwah EH-dee-nah?)
 * ...a bathroom? : ...ụlà I sa ahu? (OO-lah EE SAH ah-HOO?)
 * ...a telephone? : ...telefonu? (teh-leh-FOE-nu?)
 * ...a TV? : ...Tivi? (TEE-vee?)
 * May I see the room first? : I nweriki hu ụla nke na otu mgbe? (ee weh-REE-KEE HUH oo-lah nn-kay na OH-too mm-gbay?)
 * Do you have anything quieter? : I nwere ihe dajụgo? (EE weh-reh EE-HEE-NYEH DAH-JOO-GO?)
 * ...bigger? : ...ukwu? (OO-KWOO?)
 * ...cleaner? : ...di ọcha? (DEE aw-CHA?)
 * ...cheaper? : ...di ọnu ànì? (DEE aw-NOO ah-nee?)
 * OK, I'll take it. : Ngwanu, kam wèré ya. (NN-GWA-NOO, KAHM way-RAY YAH)
 * I will stay for _____ night(s). : M gi nọ nga ábàli rúrú _____. (MM GEE NORE nn-GAH AH-bah-lee ROO-ROO _____.)
 * Can you suggest another hotel? : Ọ di hotelu ozor? (aw dee hpe-TEH-loo aw-ZOR?)
 * Do you have a safe? : I nwèrè ebe ha na kpachi ihe ndi madu? (ee weh-reh AY-BAY HAH nah PAH-CHI EE-HEE-NYE NN-DEE MAH-doo)
 * ...lockers? : ...akpata mgbachi? (...ahk-kpah-tah mm-bah-chi?)
 * Is breakfast/supper included? : azị ùtútù/nni anyasi ọ di? (AH-ZI ooh-TOO-tuh/NN-NI ah-nya-see aw dee?)
 * What time is breakfast/supper? : Mgbe ole ka ha ne weta azị ùtútù/nni anyasi? (MM-beh oh-LAY kah HAH nay WEY-TAH ah-zee ooh-TOO-tuh/NN-NI ah-nya-see aw dee?)
 * Please clean my room. : Hicha ụlam biko. (hee-CHAH oo-lah BEE-coe)
 * Can you wake me at _____? : I nweriki kpọtem na _____? (ee weh-REE-KEE POH-TEHM nah...)
 * I want to check out. : M chori chekuwe awutu. (MM chore-REE CHAY-KWOO AHW-too)

Money

 * Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? : I na ná dọla ndi Amerika/Ostreliya/Kanada? (ee nah NAH-RAH DOH-lah IN-DEE...)
 * Do you accept British pounds? : I na nárá pandu ndi Buriten? (ee nah NAH-RAH PAHN-deu IN-DEE boo-REE-ten?)
 * Do you accept credit cards? : I na nárá kuredit kadu? (ee nah NAH-RAH keu-REH-DEET KAH-deu?)
 * Can you change money for me? : I na tuwari ego? (ee nah TOO-WAH-REE AY-GO?)
 * Where can I get money changed? : Ebe ole ka ha na tuwari ego? (eh-BOW-LAY kah HA nah TOO-WAH-REE AY-GO?)
 * Can you change a traveler's check for me? : I nweriki gbanwe cheki turavulas nkem? (ee weh-REE-KEE BAH-WEH CHAY-kee too-RAH-VEU-LAHS in-CAME?)
 * Where can I get a traveler's check changed? : Ebe ole ka ha na gbanwe turavulas cheki? (AY-BOW-LAY kah HAH nah BAH-WAY too-RAH-VOO-LAHS CHAY-kee?)
 * What is the exchange rate? : Gini bu ekuschenji rétụ? (GEE-NEE boo ay-keu-SHEE-CHANGE-jee RAY-too?)
 * Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? : Ebe ole ka ha na wefuta ego (ATM)? (AY-BOW-LAY kah HAH nah WAY-foo-TAH AY-GO?)

Eating

 * A table for one person/two people, please. : Biko, tebulu ótù madu/madu abuọo. (BEE-COE, TEH-boo-loo OH-too MAH-doo/MAH-doo ah-boo-AW)
 * Can I look at the menu, please? : Biko, kam hü menyu. (BEE-COE, KAHM HOO MEN-yoo)
 * Can I look in the kitchen? : M nweríkí hü ekwü? (mm weh-REE-KEE HOO EH-kwuh)
 * Is there a house specialty? : Ọ dì íhnyé nani ha ne shi nga? (aw dee EE-HEE-YEAH NAH-NEE HAH nay SHEE in-GAH?)
 * Is there a local specialty? : Ọ dì ihe ori ha ma ndi ebe nka màkà? (aw dee EE-HEE-YEAH oh-REE HAH mah IN-DEE AY-BAY in-KAH-ah mah-kah?)
 * I'm a vegetarian. : M bu vegitériyan. (MM boo veh-gee-TEH-REE-yen.)
 * I don't eat pork. : À nam e ri ánú ézì. (ah-NAHM eh REE AH-NOO AY-zee.)
 * I don't eat beef. : À nam e ri ánú efi. (ah-NAHM eh REE AH-NOO AY-FEE.)
 * I only eat kosher food. : Nani ori kosha kam ne ri. (NAH-NEE oh-REE COE-sha KAHM neh REE.)
 * Can you make it "lite", please? (less oil/butter/lard) : I nwereiki me ka ọ di ùfè, biko? (ee weh-REE-KEE MEH kah AW DEE oo-feh, BEE-COE?)
 * fixed-price meal : Rụ ọnụ ori. (rooh AW-NOO oh-REE.)
 * a la carte : Ihnye ori di (EE-HEE-YEAH oh-REE dee)
 * breakfast : azị ūtụtù (ah-ZEE oo-TUH-tuh)
 * lunch : azị efìfìe (ah-ZEE eh-fee-fi-yeah)
 * tea (meal) : kwòze (kwòze)
 * supper : azị anyàsì (AH-ZEE ahn-yah-see)
 * I want _____. : M chọrọ _____. (MM chore-roh.)
 * I want a dish containing _____. : M chọrọ órí _____. (MM chore-roh OH-REE)
 * chicken : ánú ọkúkọ (AH-NOO aw-KOO-koh)
 * beef : ánú efi (AH-NOO ay-FEE)
 * goat : ánú éwú (AH-NOO AY-WOO)
 * fish : azụ (AH-zoo)
 * ham : ánú ezi (AH-NOO AY-ZEE)
 * sausage : sọseji (SOH-seh-jee)
 * cheese : chizu (CHEE-zoo)
 * yam : jí (JEE)
 * eggs : àkwá (ah-KWAH)
 * salad : saladu (SAH-LAH-doo)
 * (fresh) vegetables : abụbo (ndụ) (ah-boo-bore (IN-doo))
 * (fresh) fruit : ạkpạ, mkpuru osisi, frutu (ndụ) (ah-kpah, im-POO-roo OH-SEE-SEE, FROO-too (IN-doo))
 * bread : achicha (ah-chee-chah)
 * toast : tosutu (TOE-SU-teu)
 * noodles : índomi (IN-DOE-mee)
 * rice : osikapa (aw[oh]-see-kah-pah)
 * soup : ǹsàlà, súpu (in-sah-lah, SOO-poo)
 * stew/soup (like gumbo) : ófé (OH-FAY)
 * pepper soup : ófé ǹsàlà (OH-FAY in-sah-lah)
 * beans : àgwà (ah-gwah)
 * May I have a glass of _____? : M nweriki were otu ágá ùgèbè _____? (mm weh-REE-KEE WEH-REH OH-too AH-GAH oo-geh-beh _____?)
 * May I have a cup of _____? : M nweriki were otu ágá _____? (mm weh-REE-KEE WEH-REH OH-too AH-GAH _____?)
 * May I have a bottle of _____? : M nweriki were otu kalama _____? (mm weh-REE-KEE WEH-REH OH-too KAH-lah-mah _____?)
 * coffee : kọfi (KOR-fi)
 * tea (drink) : ti (tee)
 * juice : ùmì ósísí, jusu (oo-mee OH-SEE-SEE, joo-soo)
 * (bubbly) water : mmiri ọgbụgbọ (mm-MEE-ree aw-gubu-gubor)
 * water : mmiri (mm-MI-ri)
 * beer : biye (bee-YEAH)
 * red/white wine : waini ufie/ọcha (WINE-nee OO-fi-yeah/aw-CHAH)
 * May I have some _____? : O kam nweturu _____ ntakiri? (aw KAHM WEH-TOO-ROO _____ IN-tah-KEE-REE?)
 * salt : ńnú (IN-NOO)
 * black pepper : ósò oji (OH-sow OH-JEE)
 * butter : bọta (BOR-tah)
 * Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of server): Biko, onye nọ nga? (BEE-COE, oh-YEAH noh in-GAH?)
 * I'm finished. : E mechalam. (EH MEH-CHAH-LAHM)
 * It was delicious. : Ȯ dị otó. (AW dee oh-TOH)
 * Please clear the plates. : Biko, nwefu efere ndia. (BEE-COE, WAY-foo AY-FAY-RAY IN-DEE-yah.)
 * The check, please. : Ógwọ, biko. (OH-GWOR BEE-coe.)

Bars

 * I want to drink... : Á chọm Í ñụ _____ (AH chore-mm EE g-NOO _____)
 * Do you serve alcohol? : Ì nè ré ḿmáñyá? (ee NAY ray mm-MAN-YAH?)
 * Is there table service? : Hà nè ché tébulu? (HAH neh CHAY TEH-boo-loo?)
 * A beer/two beers, please. : Ótù ḿmáñyá/ḿmáñyá abụo, biko. (OH-too MM-MAHN-YA ah-BWORE, BEE-COE.)
 * A glass of red/white wine, please. : Nkalama ḿmáñyá mmẹ mmẹ/ọchá, biko. (NN-kah-lah-mah MM-MAHN-YA m-MEH-m-MEH/aw-CHAH, BEE-COE)
 * A pint, please. : Ótù paint, biko. (OH-too pah-int, BEE-COE)
 * A bottle, please. : Ótù aba, biko. (OH-too AH-BAH, BEE-COE)
 * _____ (hard liquor) and _____ (mixer), please. : _____ (ḿmáñyá ȯkụ) na _____ (ihe é jị à gbagwa ya), biko. ((MM-MAHN-YA AW-KUH) nah _____ (EE-HEE-YEAH AY jee ah g-BAH-GUAH YA), BEE-COE.)
 * stout : stawt (STAH-woot)
 * whiskey : wiski (WEE-skee)
 * vodka : vọ́dkà (VOHD-kah)
 * rum : rộm (ROHM)
 * spirit : ḿmáñyá ọ́kụ́ (MM-MAHN-YA AW-KUH)
 * palm wine : ḿmáñyá ǹgwọ̀, ḿmáñyá ṅkwú (MM-MAHN-YA nn-gwor, MM-MAHN-YA NN-KWOO)
 * water : mmiri (MM-MEE-REE)
 * drinking water : mmiri ọñuñu (MM-MEE-REE aw-nngoo-goo)
 * club soda : clubu soda (CLAW-boo SOE-dah)
 * tonic water : mmiri tawniki (MM-MEE-REE TOH-nee-kee)
 * orange juice : jusu òlòlma (JOO-SOO aw-loh-mah)
 * drink : íhyẹ́ ọ́ñụ́ñụ́ (EE-HEE-YEAH AW-NGOO-NGOO)
 * soft drink : mínàrà (MEE-NAH-rah)
 * Coke (soda) : Kôkù (COE-koo)
 * Do you have any bar snacks? : Ị̀ nwẹ̀rẹ̀ íhyẹ́ há bà táàtá? (ee weh-reh EE-HEE-YEAH HA nah TAH-TAH?)
 * One more, please. : Ótù ọ̀zọ́, bíkó. (OH-too aw-ZOR, BEE-COE)
 * Another round, please. : Wètáriá háníle, biko. (weh-TAH-RI-YAH HAH-NEE-LAY, BEE-COE)
 * When is closing time? : Mgbe ole ka Í nè méchí? (mm-bay oh-LAY kah EE nay MAY-CHEE?)
 * Cheers! : Má mmá nụ̀! (MA MMA-noo)

Shopping

 * Do you have this in my size? : Ì nwẹrẹ ihëa na àsàm?/Ì nwẹrẹ ihëa na amàm? (...)
 * How much is this? : Égó olé ka Ihe á di? (AY-GO o-Lay KA I-HYEN AHH DI)
 * That's too expensive. : Ọ dì óké ọnü. (OR dee okay or-NU)
 * Would you take _____? : Ì gi wéré _____? (ee GEE WAY RAY)
 * expensive : óké ọnü (OH-KAY AW-NOO)
 * cheap : ọnü ànì (AW-NOO ah-nee)
 * I can't afford it. : E nweghim Í ki golu ya. (ay WEH-gim EE-KEE GO-LOO YA.)
 * I don't want it. : À chom I ya. (AH chom E ya.)
 * You're cheating me. : Ì na è fébém na ányá./I na ẹ mérém mu jobu. (EE neh FAY-BAY-M NAH AN-YAH./EE neh MEH-REH-MOO JOH-bu.)
 * I'm not interested. : Ányám à nọghị nga áhü. (AHN-YAH-M ah noh-gee in-GAH-hoo.)
 * OK, I'll take it. : Ngwanu, kam weri ya. (in-gwah-noo, KAHM weh-REE YAH.)
 * Can I have a bag? : Ì nwẹrẹ àkpà? (ee weh-reh ahk-pah?)
 * Do you ship (overseas)? : Ì nè réfù ihnye na ùfèsì? (ee neh REH-foo i-hee-yeah nah oo-feh-see?)
 * I need... : M chọrọ... (MM chore-roh...)
 * ...toothpaste. : ...údé ézé. (OO-DEH AY-ZAE.)
 * ...a toothbrush. : ...átụ́. (AH-TOO.)
 * ...tampons. : ...ihnye àhú umunwanyi tamponu. (ee-hee-yeah ah-HOO OO-moo-WAH-yee TAM-poh-noo.)
 * ...soap. : ...ńchà. (NN-cha.)
 * ...shampoo. : ...ńchà ńtùtù. (IN-cha IN-too-too.)
 * ...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen) : ...ihnye íshí ọwuwa/ihnye nwéfu ihnye ölulu. (EE-HEE-YEAH EE-SHEE oh-WOO-WAH/EE-HEE-YEAH nn-WEH-foo EE-HEE-YEAH ooh-loo-loo.)
 * ...cold medicine. : ...ȯgvụ óyí. (OG-voo OH-YEE.)
 * ...stomach medicine. : ...ȯgvụ áfȯ. (OG-voo AH-FOUR.)
 * ...a razor. : ...aguba. (ah-goo-bah.)
 * ...an umbrella. : ...òché anwü. (oh-CHE AH-wooh.)
 * ...sunblock lotion. : ...udè màkà ánwú. (ooh-day mah-kah AH-WUH.)
 * ...a postcard. : ...postu cad. (POE-STU cahd)
 * ...postage stamps. : ...stampu nke ózí. (STAHMP-oo n-KAY OH-ZEE)
 * ...batteries. : ...batiri. (BAH-TEE-ree)
 * ...writing paper. : ...akwukwọ i de ihe. (AH-KOO-KWOH EE DEH EE-hee-yeah)
 * ...a pen. : ...biki. (BEE-kee)
 * ...English-language books. : ...Ákwúkwó há dèrè nà bèké. (AH-KOO-KWOH HAH day-ray nah bay-kay)
 * ...English-language magazines. : ...Ákwúkwó magazin nke bèké. (AH-KOO-KWOH mah-gah-ZEEN in-KAY bay-kay)
 * ...an English-language newspaper. : ...nuspepa hé dèrè na bèké. (NOOS-peh-pah HEY day-ray nah bay-kay)
 * ...an English-English dictionary. : ...dishonari bèké. (DEE-SHON-NAH-ree bay-kay)
 * ...a mask. : ...ihü ékpo. (EE-HUE EK-POE)
 * ...souvenir : ...ihe òménàlà. (EE-HE-YEAH oh-MEH-nah-lah)

Driving

 * I want to rent a car. : Ḿ chọ̀rị́ gō mótò. (MM chore-RI GOO MOE-toe)
 * Can I get insurance? : Á chọ̀m̀ íkíké mótò? (AH cho-mm I-KEE-KAY MOH-toe)
 * stop (on a street sign) : kụ̀shị́ (koo-SHEE)
 * one way : ụ́zọ̀ ótù (OO-zoh OH-too)
 * yield : chāḿ ụ́zọ̀ (CHAAM OO-zaw)
 * no parking : É nyèdòlù (EH ye-do-loo)
 * speed limit : ézú ọ́sọ́ ụ́zọ̀ (EH-ZOO AW-SORE OO-zor)
 * gas (petrol) station : ụ́lọ́ petrol (OOH-LAW peh-TROLL)
 * petrol : petrol (peh-TROLL)
 * diesel : deezulu (DEE-zooloo)

Authority

 * I haven't done anything wrong. : Ọ̀ dị́ghị̀ íhyéḿ mẹ̀rẹ̀. (aw DEE-gee EE-HYEM meh-reh)
 * It was a misunderstanding. : Ọ́ bụ̀ ọ́ghóḿ. (AW boo AW-GOM)
 * Where are you taking me? : Ké ébé í nè dúfūm? (KAY AY-BAY EE neh DOO-foom)
 * Am I under arrest? : ị̀ nà tụ́ḿ ńkpọ́rọ́? (ee nah TOOM IN-POH-ROH)
 * I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : Á bụ̀m ónyé ḿbà Amirika/Osuterelia/Briten/Kanada. (AH boom OH-NYE M-bah)
 * I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : Á chọ̀m̀ ị́ hụ́ ńdú òché ḿbà Amerika/Osutralia/Britain/Kanada. (AH chore-m ee HUH IN-DIH oh-CHAY MM-bah...)
 * I want to talk to a lawyer. : Á chọ̀m̀ ị́ hụ́ ónyé íkpè. (AH chore-m EE HUH OWN-YAY EEK-pay)
 * Can I just pay a fine now? : M̀ nwèríkí kwụ́ ụ́gwọ́ ńrá ùgbúà? (mm we-REE-KEE K-WOO OO-GWOR NN-RAH oo-BU-wah)

Expressions and particles
Like many African languages Igbo is a very expressive language that makes use of a lot of exclamations in its daily use. Some of these are included:

This is usually added to the end of a question to make something inclusive. similar to 'kwanu' but is added at the end of any sentence for the same effect. An exclamation that can be made out of exhaustion, either from laughing at a joke or when work is done, realising a mistake, like leaving the lights in the house on all night, or any other terrible event. Chineke is 'God' and is a common expression used for the same purposes as 'Jesus' often is in English. A exclamation that often means agreeing with something, although it can sometimes be used as sarcasm, a common situation where this is used is when someone is arrogant in their knowledge of something. It is often used on its own, but can be attached to another word, e.g 'Chim o!' meaning 'my spirit'. An expression used in a shocking tragic moment. Sometimes used to show absolute rejection of something. Extreme rejection or opposition of something, usually followed with clicking fingers over the head as to rid oneself of the thing in question. This is often a reaction to an abomination. An exclamation made out of shock when a bad thing happens.
 * -kwánụ́ (KWA-NOO) : 'though'
 * -ụ̀kwá (ooh-KWA) : 'as well'
 * èwó! (ay-WOAH) : 'oh no!'
 * Chínēkè! (CHEE-NAY-kay) : 'God!'
 * ó! (OH) : 'Okay, all right'
 * héwù! (HEY-woo) : 'No!'
 * Ọ́ dị̀kwà égwù (AW dee-kwah EH-gwoo) : 'Impossible'
 * tụ̀fíàkwà (too-FEE-ya-kwa) : 'God forbid!'
 * Chínēkè é kwélé ị́hyẹ́ ọ́jọ̄ (CHEE-NAY-kay EH KWEH-LEH EE-HEE-YEAH OH-JAW) : 'God will not allow a bad thing'

Learning more

 * Learn Igbo on Mofeko — Learn igbo on African language website, Mofeko.
 * Igbo Guide — Insight into Igbo Culture, Igbo Language and Enugu.
 * Igbo Focus — A collection of simple Igbo words and phrases.
 * Mkpuruokwu Igbo: The Igbo Dictionary — Online English-Igbo-English dictionary with over 5000 English-Igbo-English translations.

イボ語会話集

title: Igbo phrasebook


text:
Iguaçu Falls

One of the great natural wonders of the world, the Iguaçu Falls (Portuguese: Cataratas do Iguaçu], Spanish: Cataratas del Iguazú, Tupi: Y Ûasu "big water") are close to the triple border of Brazil, Paraguay, and Argentina. The area is on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Iguazú National Park is on the Argentinian side of the falls, and Iguaçu National Park is on the Brazilian side.

History
The first European to see the impressive falls was the conquistador Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca in 1541. Long before that, Guaraní people inhabited the area and gave the falls a name, a variant of which is used nowadays. For a period during the colonial era it was known as Santa Maria falls. These lands once belonged to Paraguay; the borders were redrawn after the Paraguayan War of the 1860s.

A German expedition in the late 19th century "rediscovered" the falls, marking the beginning for tourism and more thorough scholarly studies of the falls. Back then, the region was still impenetrable jungle on the Argentinian side. The Argentinian part was declared a national park in 1934, the Brazilian five years later. Fifty years later, in 1984, the Argentinian part was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List followed by the Brazilian part two years later. Later on the falls were elected as one of the New7Wonders of Nature, and is indeed one of the topmost sights on a continent particularly famous for natural attractions.

Landscape
The Iguaçu Falls are by some measures the largest in the world, and often compared to two other great waterfalls, the Niagara Falls and Victoria Falls. The former has a somewhat higher mean annual flow rate than Iguaçu and the latter is slightly higher at its highest point. What sets Iguaçu apart is its width of about which is almost as much as Niagara and Victoria Falls combined. Moreover, the highest recorded flow of Iguaçu is far higher than both other falls.

Flora and fauna
With approximately 450 species of birds, there's a lot to see for birdwatchers. Highlights include the iconic great dusky swifts living on the rock faces behind the walls and five types of toucans including the big toucan. You can also spot herons, wild eagles, parrots and the threatened black-fronted piping guan.

Wild cats like jaguars, margays and ocelots live in the region. Other notable mammals include giant anteaters, tapirs, giant otters and coatis. Water life include yacare caimans, turtles and of course different fish species, and as you would expect of a tropical environment there's also a variety of insects around.

A highlight of the local flora is the ceibo (Cockspur coral tree), which blooms with Argentina's national flower.

Climate
A little south of the Tropic of Capricorn, the climate is classified as humid subtropical. The daytime mean temperature varies between about +25°C in the summer and +15°C in the winter. For a place with dry and wet seasons, the difference between them is on the smaller side. On the average there are nine monthly rain days from October to February and six in May and July.

Get in
The falls are usually reached through one of the three cities in the tri-border between Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay.

The city on the Brazilian side is Foz do Iguaçu - big and reasonably safe by Brazilian standards.

The town on the Argentine side is called Puerto Iguazu and is small and pretty.

Although the falls are between Brazil and Argentina only, Ciudad del Este, the city on the Paraguayan side, is just across the bridge from Brazil. It's a hectic (but exciting) centre for contraband and cheap electronic goods, but some say it's not safe there.

Visa
Border formalities are enforced between the two parks. Crossing the border between these countries is fairly relaxed—authorities assume most people are on a day trip across the border. EU passport holders do not need a visa to enter Brazil for tourism. Also, as of 2019, US passport holders no longer require a visa to visit the Brazilian side of the falls. However, do remember to get off the bus on the border to get your passport stamped. Some bus drivers will not tell you when to do this, so it is best to check with them.

There may be lines on either side of the border, depending on the time of the day and holidays.

Also check regarding immunization requirements. Australian residents, for example, require yellow fever shots if returning to Australia within 6 days following a visit to Brazil. Brazil also requires yellow fever immunization prior to entering if your passport shows that you have visited some specific South American countries (Guyana, for example). Yellow fever together with other mosquito-born diseases are endemic to the Iguaçu Falls region.

By plane
Both the Brazilian and Argentinian cities have nearby airports. From Puerto Iguazu airport there are several flights per day to Buenos Aires and other cities in Argentina.

Brazil

If you arrive at Foz do Iguaçu airport and are staying at the Meliá Iguazu (on the Argentinian side), or just staying in Puerto Iguazu city on the Argentinian side, it is recommended to rent a car at the airport instead (make reservations in advance), so that you can travel from the hotel to the nearby town (which you will want to do if you want to eat there and do some sightseeing) and also to give you the flexibility to go to the Brazilian side of the falls and visit Itaipu dam. Otherwise, a one-way taxi from Foz do Iguaçu airport to the Meliá is R$100 (does not include AR$60/person entry fee for the park), and about AR$150 to go back to the airport from the hotel. A taxi from Foz do Iguazu International Airport (Brazil) to Puerto Iguazu (Argentina), will set you back US$40. You will have to arrange to go to the Brazilian side of the park for about AR$150 or so by taxi (be sure to negotiate down). To go to and from Puerto Iguazu, there is a bus that costs AR$5 and runs every half hour but the last one leaves at 20:00 so if you are dining later than that, you will need to hire a taxi for about AR$70. You can also rent a car from the hotel (they will bring the car to you) but book in advance (and check the rates) as there can be a shortage of cars and is usually more expensive (AR$300-450 per day).

Argentina

There is a taxi stand at the baggage claim where you can book transfer to either Puerto Iguazú (if you're staying in town) or the Meliá if you're staying there.

There is a store after baggage claim where you can buy a tickets for a shared minibus for a dropoff at your accommodation in Puerto Iguazú ($4,400 per person).

Consider renting a car instead to give you more flexibility, especially if you plan to spend a day in Brazil as well. It's about 15 minutes from the airport to the park/ Meliá and about 30-45 minutes to Puerto Iguazú.

Paraguay
To get from the airport to the city center you can take a taxi for about GS.140,000 or the Minga Guazú bus, which leaves from the airport toward Ciudad del Este once a day at 13:00. The bus fare is GS.3,000.the baggage claim where you can book transfer to either Puerto Iguazú (if you're staying in town) or the Meliá if you're staying there. Consider renting a car (Hertz, Budget, ...) instead to give you more flexibility, esp. if you plan to spend a day in Brazil as well. It's about 15 minutes from the airport to the park/ Meliá and about 30-45 minutes to Puerto Iguazú.

By bus
Buses from all major cities in the country arrive in each of the three towns (see there for details).

From Puerto Iguazu there are buses from Gate 11 at the main bus station to the entrance of their side of the falls every 20 minutes for AR$3,500 each way (Jun 2024), run by Rio Uruguay. There are also buses that just cross the border which you can just jump onto on the day for a very low fare, but you must remind the bus driver to stop off for your visa for entry.

From Foz do Iguaçu buses run every half hour from the bus terminal to the visitor's centre at the national park entrance, passing many of the main hotels in the city along the way. The R$3.55 flat fare makes the bus a very cheap way to visit the falls and it's also easy to use. If you're starting your journey at the bus terminal you pay your fare on entering the terminal and board the bus through the rear door (the bus is No. 120 to 'Parque Nacional' - the tourist information office at the terminal will point you in the right direction if you have any trouble finding it). When boarding the bus anywhere else you use the front door and pay at the turnstile on board. The journey takes about 40 minutes. Schedules can be found at the Foz do Iguaçu city web site

It is not uncommon for policemen to check passports in the Argentinian side of the falls, even during domestic journeys. You should carry some documentation of citizenship. If you are coming from the Brazilian side, tell the bus driver you need to stop at the Brazilian border crossing to get your passport stamped. If you try to re-enter Brazil without having been stamped you may need to pay a substantial fine.

From Ciudad del Este you can walk or take a taxi across the border bridge to Foz do Iguaçu, and proceed to the falls as per above.

By car
The main car rental companies have offices at the Brazilian Foz do Iguaçu airport. Make sure that you mention at the time of your reservation that you intend to cross into the Argentine side to visit the park. You need a special authorization from the rental car company for that. Insurance bought on the Brazilian rental car is not valid in Argentina. You need to buy a special "carta verde" while still on the Brazilian side. It is sold at lottery stands. A three-day pass costs R$45. If caught without a "carta verde" on the Argentine side you are liable to be charged very heavy fines.

Renting a car gives you a lot of flexibility in exploring both sides of the cataracts.

On foot
If you stay at either of the two hotels in the park (either on Argentinian or Brazilian side), you are within walking distance of the falls, so no need for taxis or buses. Consider this when planning your trip. See in "Stay" section for details.

Argentine side
AR$35,000 (Jun. 2024) for non-Argentinians. Can buy it online. Argentinean pesos and credit cards only for entry fees. Credit cards acceptance can be spotty. Second day is half price at the ticket window after showing your previous day’s ticket. There is one ATM near the main entrance, but it is often empty. Most of the food and souvenir shops inside the park do accept credit cards, reais, euros, and dollars, but best to ensure you have enough pesos for the day.

Brazilian side
R$100 (May 2024, incl. R$10 for bus transport inside and R$3 voluntary donation to fund) per person, cheaper for Brazilian, Argentinian, Paraguayan, Uruguayan and Venezuelan residents. Tickets can also be bought through the official park website.

Get around
Both sides of the park are well served with foot trails.

On the Argentine side of the park there's a small train leaving about every 30 minutes from near the entrance going all the way to the beginning of the trail to the Garganta del Diablo.

On the Brazilian side, there's a bus service connecting the falls with other activities. That service runs from the entrance to the end of the park every 10 minutes in both directions.

Between the countries
From Foz do Iguaçu to Puerto Iguazu: there is a bus that leaves from just outside the bus terminal, at the corner of Rua Mem de Sá and Rua Tarobá. It costs R$4 or AR$8. The bus may or may not stop at the Brazilian border checkpoint but typically will stop at the Argentine border checkpoint, where your passport will be stamped. You can also exchange foreign currency at the Argentine border checkpoint, but be aware that the bus may leave without you if you take too long, leaving you to take a taxi (~AR$80) or wait for the next bus. This bus terminates at the Puerto Iguazu bus station where you can catch the bus to the National Park.

From Puerto Iguazu to the Brazilian Iguaçu Falls National Park: Rio Uruguay runs an hourly bus from the bus terminal that waits at the Argentinian and the Brazilian immigration. In fact, you don't even have to exit the bus for the Brazilian customs, the driver will collect your passport and have it stamped. First bus to the Brazilian falls: 08:30, last bus to return to Puerto Iguazu: 17:00. A return ticket cost AR$7000 (May 2024). Conveniently there are large lockers that fit backpacks at the falls entrance (buy token in the shop - R$9). Which means you can see the falls and then take the bus back to town (or the airport) and get out.

See

The are an awesome sight as tonnes of water throw themselves over cliffs and the mist rises amongst the jungle. They are taller than Niagara Falls, and more than twice as wide, for which Eleanor Roosevelt is said to have exclaimed on her first sight of the falls: "Poor Niagara!"

It is well worth spending a day on each side of the falls, especially if you plan to do any of the boat rides or other activities offered.

Don't just rush past the main viewpoints and leave. It's important to get a good perspective on the park overall to appreciate this awesome sight.

Whilst the majority of the falls are in Argentina, a better overview is had from the Brazilian side.

Argentine side

The park opens from 08:00 til 18:00.

Wear waterproofs and protect your camera as it can get quite wet on some viewpoints. Some people visit the waterfalls in swimsuits (recommended in summer).

The park is fairly well organized: they have a train line so you can get from the entrance to the main circuits (Circuito Superior, Garganta del Diablo, etc. See below). They also have food stands inside the park close to the train stations, but food and drinks are very expensive there. It is a good idea to bring some food and water if you are going to spend the day on the park. Luggage storage is available at the entrance to the park for AR$100/150 for a medium/large bag.

There are five main tracks all of which are paved and well marked with the exception of Sendero Macuco:

 * - is a short walk to some nice viewpoints along the upper rim of the waterfalls
 * - is a longer walk on the bottom end of the falls with the main attraction being the lookout to watch Salto Bossetti and Dos Hermanas. This pathway leads also to the free ferry service to Isla San Martin (that may or not be closed), and the tour operators.
 * - has two main lookouts to different sides of the falls. There are also a lot of birds. Access by boat only (free). This may be closed when the river level is high, but it will also be closed when it is not high at all, it seems to be an eternal excuse. There is a paper sign at the ticket counter showing "san martin cerrado".
 * - The main attraction of the Argentine side, translating to the "Devil's Throat". There is a free train running up to a 1 km-long walkway across the river to stand just back from the main horseshoe of falls where the roar and spray are most tremendous.
 * - is the trail through the rainforest to the Arrechea waterfall and is a good way to get away from the crowds. It's about 7 km return on an unpaved but easy path starting at the Estacion Central. Swimming is possible beneath the fall, so consider bringing a bathing suit and towel. An informative brochure for the trail is available from the park information desk. It is recommended to do it in daylight, so don't start it if it's 15:00 or 16:00. In May 2018 it is closed and no staff can answer why.

Garganta del Diablo is the main attraction on the Argentine side - do not leave without having seen it. Occasionally trails will be closed to access because of puma sightings.

Brazilian side
Whereas the Argentinian side features an elaborate system of paths and a small archipelago of islands and viewpoints, the Brazilian side "just" consists of one, appoximately 2 km in length with several view points placed along it and a set of paths over the water to an impressive viewpoint at the edge of the largest waterfall. Hence, from the Brazilian side you get an excellent (from afar) and the rest of the falls.

While this might seem less preferential to the Argentinian side, the Brazilian side is equally impressive and does not provide shortage of experience. Indeed, standing in the middle of the waterfalls and lower than the Argentinian platform, is very impressive and full of beautiful rainbows formed by the mist of the falls. So neither side is actually better, they are just different and equally enjoyable.

Do

Spectacular boat trips can be made under the falls.

Brazilian side

If you go all the way to the "Las Cateratas" station, you will be offered, e.g. wildwater rafting & abseiling activities at better rates. When you arrive shortly before the activities close for the day or they're just not busy you can easily bargain about the price and get a really good rate!

Buy
On both sides of the falls you can buy souvenirs, but they are very expensive compared to the souvenirs you can buy on the main road of Foz do Iguaçu and Puerto Iguazu.

Argentina
The Meliá hotel (see below) right in the park provides a good alternative to the junk food stalls located throughout the park. There's a nice terrace you can rest from which you can see the mist coming out of the falls and also generally see toucans and other birds flying around.

It is unexpectedly hard to get breakfast in town before 09:30, everything is still closed so prepare some at your accommodation.

Brazilian side
On the Brazil side, there's a that stands right next to the throat at the Porto Canoas station at the end of the walking trail. The food is not good but the view of the river makes for a surreal sight as you know the falls are really close by but you can't really see them other than the mist and the noise.It's a nice place to eat. In addition to the buffet at R$40 you can grab a (burger) combo meal at one of the outlets right in front of the buffet restaurant for around R$10.

Drink
On both sides of the falls there are enough opportunities to buy a drink.

Sleep
There are only two options to stay inside the park within walking distance of the falls: Meliá in Argentina and Hotel das Cataratas in Brazil. Both are a bit pricey and take advantage of their position. Most people prefer to stay in either Foz do Iguaçu on the Brazilian side or in Puerto Iguazu in Argentina, where a large number and range of accommodation options can be found. Transport to the falls during the daytime is a 20-min bus ride.

Argentine side
See the Puerto Iguazú article for a good number of accommodation options in this area.

Cope
Wear waterproofs and protect your camera as it can get quite wet on some viewpoints. Some people visit the waterfalls in swimsuits (recommended in summer).

The park is fairly well organized, they have a train line so you can get from the entrance to the main circuits (Circuito Superior, Garganta del Diablo, etc. See below). They also have food stands inside the park close to the train stations, but food and drinks are very expensive there. It is a good idea to bring some food and water if you are going to spend the day on the park. Luggage storage is available at the entrance to the park for AR$100/150 for a medium/large bag respectively.

Go next
Other than visiting the falls, the activities offered by tour operators on both sides of the park and having a drink or dinner at either Puerto Iguazú or Foz do Iguaçu there isn't much else to do in this area. So don't plan on staying your entire holiday here, 2 or 3 days should do it. For the Brazil side you need no more than 4 hours total. It's often cheaper to fly out of the Brazilian side to São Paulo for example, than to take the bus (not to mention quicker).

 * If you want to visit yet another country, there are buses to Ciudad del Este in Paraguay from both sides. From there, you can head onwards to the rest of Paraguay or go see the Itaipú Dam, the second biggest dam in the world, some 10 km north of the city. For citizens of some countries, you need a visa to go past the border area, and visas cannot be obtained on arrival in Ciudad del Este.
 * The World Heritage-listed ruins of Jesuit missions in Misiones Province, Argentina and Trinidad, Paraguay.
 * Encarnación (Paraguay) and Posadas (Argentina), border cities a few hours southwest of the falls. Posadas makes a nice stop on the way between Iguazú and Buenos Aires.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Iguaçu Falls


text:
Iguala

Iguala is a city of 133,000 people (2020) in Guerrero, Mexico. It is known as the "city of tamarinds" for its tamarind trees surrounding the downtown cathedral. It was the birthplace of the Mexican flag: José Magdaleno Ocampo who crafted the Flag of the Three Guarantees here after Mexican gained independence from Spain in 1821.

Understand
In 2014, a tragic kidnapping and murder of 43 students took place in Iguala. Demonstrations followed for years, though justice has been elusive. Foreign visitors are advised not to engage in protests.

Climate
The climate is very warm throughout the year, exceeding the maximums of more than 30 °C every month. The hottest months are April and May where the maximums always reach 37-39 °C, arriving on some days with temperatures equal to or higher than 40 ° C. In winter, the days are still warm with mild nights, the maximums are between 30-33 ° C, while the minimums are between 14-16 ° C. The rainy season is from June to October. An average of 1022 mm of annual rain falls in Iguala.

Get in
Iguana is 102 km (63 mi) from the state capital, Chilpancingo, and 190 km from Mexico City.

By car

 * Federal Highway 95D (Iguala - Cuernavaca - México, DF ) toll
 * Carretera Federal 95 (Iguala - México, DF, Iguala - Acapulco )
 * Federal Highway 51 (Iguala - Teloloapan - Ciudad Altamirano )
 * State Highway 1 (Iguala - Huitzuco - Atenango del Río - Copalillo )
 * Federal Highway 95 Federal Highway 55 Iguala-Taxco-Ixtapan de la Sal

By bus
There are two bus terminals:
 * Iguala Central Terminal
 * Central de Autobuses "Estrella de Oro" (Iguala)

Get around
The city has Urban Combis with a cost of M$8, and there are also different types of routes which lead to different rural communities that border the city, such as Santa Teresa, Sabana Grande, Col, Lázaro, Cárdenas (the botanana), Tuxpan, Tomatal, Tepecoacuilco de Trujano, Coacoyula, Zacacoyuca, Metlapa and the municipality of Buenavista de Cuéllar and of which its price ranges between M$19 and M$24 depending on the community to which it is directed.

There are also 2 urban bus routes with a cost of M$12.

The minimum taxi fare is M$30, within the outskirts of the city.

Do

 * The Iguala Flag Fair is held in late February annually. It is one of the most important annual festivities for the people of Iguala. It is celebrated with a parade of floats, cockfights, and Mexican handcrafts and folk art exhibitions. Iguala's local artisans create gold and silver jewelry.

Coffee
Coffee is a very popular drink in Iguala and you will find plenty of small coffee shops (and a few chains) in the Centro Historico, particularly along Av. Vicente Guerrero and Av. Bandera Nacional. Most of the cafes offer light food.

Go next

 * Tuxpan
 * Taxco
 * Grutas de Cacahuamilpa National Park

title: Iguala


text:
Iguape

Iguape  is a small city in the South Coast of São Paulo state. Iguape is a town from the colonial period that combines beautiful natural surroundings with a charming historic center, a national heritage site. If you do not have plans to visit the most famous Brazilian Colonial cities (such as Ouro Preto or Olinda), then Iguape is certainly worth a visit.

Understand

It is speculated that the Spanish settlement in Iguape may have started in 1498, before the Portuguese arrived in Brazil in 1500. Iguape was founded as a city in 1538 after a bloody fight between the Portuguese government and rogue aristocrats.

Iguape remained a quiet place for a long time, until the 19th century, when rice farming brought an economic boom to the city. Many historical constructions in the city are originals from this period. However, with the failure of an attempt to construct a canal for ships in the city, Iguape's economy declined in the early 20th century. For this reason, Iguape is now a small city with an economy based on fishing and tourism.

By bus
Intersul provides infrequent bus services between Iguape and other cities, including São Paulo and Santos. There are five daily buses between Iguape and São Paulo (R$52.95, 3½ hours). Between Iguape and Cananéia (R$21.80, 1¾ hours) you need to switch in Pariquera-Açu. Reserving in advance is strongly recommended. Local buses cross the bridge to Ilha Comprida.

By car
Iguape has a single access through Rod. Prefeito Casimiro Teixeira (SP-222). The road can be accessed from Rod. Régis Bittencourt (SP-230/BR-116), coming from either São Paulo or Curitiba. There is no direct connection between Iguape and the neighboring coastal city Peruíbe. With a 4WD vehicle, it is possible to drive along the long, flat beach on Ilha Comprida and take the ferry across to Cananéia, although you need to time it for the low tide. Ferries cost about R$9.70/14.60 per vehicle weekday/weekend. Passengers ride for free.

Get around
The city's Historic Center can be easily explored on foot. A car will be handy to reach the Juréia beach and explore the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station.

Historic Center
Iguape's city center contains several constructions from the 17th-19th centuries. The city contains the largest colonial heritage of São Paulo state. As a relatively poor city, Iguape relies on state and federal help to maintain its heritage.

Stay healthy
As elsewhere in Brazil, the beach in Iguape may not be suitable for bathing, and conditions can change from day to day. On the day of your visit, check the map of the latest weekly beach quality bulletin (in Portuguese, boletim de qualidade das praias) of the state's Environment Department (CETESB).

Go next

 * Ilha Comprida - The island just next to Iguape boasts an enormous beach, well-preserved nature and an area with sand dunes
 * Jacupiranga Conservation Units - Previously called "Jacupiranga State Park", it contains a large original Atlantic rainforest reserve, the famous "Caverna do Diabo" (Devil's Cave) and the beautiful Lagamar de Cananéia
 * Alto Ribeira State Touristic Park - One of the largest original Atlantic rainforest reserves of the country, hence with large animal biodiversity, also with the highest concentration of caves in the World
 * Cananéia - A nice historic center and access to the unspoiled Cardoso island

title: Iguape


text:
Iiyama

Iiyama (飯山市 Iiyama-shi) is a city in Nagano, Japan.

Understand
Iiyama markets itself as "Japan's Hometown". It is also known as 小京都 (Sho-Kyoto, little Kyoto) for its many traditional temples.

Tourist information site
The local tourist association has a bilingual guide site.

By Plane
The closest airport serving Iiyama City is Matsumoto Airport (sometimes known as Shinshu-Matsumoto Airport), located just southwest of Matsumoto City.

From Matsumoto, you can easily take a JR train to Nagano City, or take a kousoku(highway) bus to just outside the Nagano Station. From the Nagano City station, Iiyama City is easily accessible via the JR Iiyama line (飯山線), or you can take the Shinkansen (bullet train) toward Kanazawa.

If you fly in via Narita, you can get on the Keisei Skyliner from Narita to Tokyo, and change there to take the Hokuriku Shinkansen directly to Iiyama.

By train
Service to Iiyama improved dramatically with the extension of the Hokuriku Shinkansen, and now one-seat rides are available from as far as Tokyo, Toyama and Kanazawa. Hakutaka trains generally stop every 1-2 hours in either direction. From Tokyo the journey is 1 hour 45 minutes and costs ¥8630, while from Kanazawa it takes 75 minutes and costs ¥7110. These journeys are valid with the Japan Rail Pass, and trips from Tokyo are also valid with the JR East Rail Pass.

Iiyama is also served by the JR Iiyama line, which is also covered by the Rail Pass. The Hachisu, Iiyama, and Kita-Iiyama stops are all within Iiyama city limits, although the Iiyama stop is closest to most tourist attractions.

Local trips on the JR Iiyama Line operate every 1-2 hours. From Nagano, Iiyama can be reached cheaply by taking the Shinano Railway and connecting in Toyono. Some Iiyama line trains start in Nagano, offering a one seat ride. Local trips from Nagano without connections take around 50 minutes and cost ¥570. Rail Pass users will have to pay ¥250 to travel from Nagano to Toyono.

By Bus
The Nanohana (菜の花) bus runs year round, making stops at tourist destinations around the city. The bus makes continuous loops of the city, beginning the first of its six daily tours at 8:35, and ending at 3:25.

By Car
Most sites in Iiyama are easily accessible by car, and parking is generally easily available. Particularly in northern Iiyama, the roads become fairly narrow, so only those with experience driving in Japan should attempt to navigate them.

Eat
Some of Iiyama's best restaurants are tiny, tucked into side streets off the beaten path. Walking around the southern end of the city, you will encounter dozens of delicious restaurants, which sell everything from pastries to afternoon tea and snacks. Several restaurants near the station boast particularly delicious fare.

Go next

 * In winter, go skiing to one of the many ski resorts that the region has to offer. From Iiyama Station, catch a bus to Nozawa Onsen, Togari Onsen, Madarao, ...
 * Kijimadaira
 * Nakano
 * Iizuna
 * Nagano
 * Yamanouchi
 * Myoko
 * Tsunan
 * Tokamachi

title: Iiyama


text:
Ijevan

Ijevan is a city in Northern Armenia.

Understand
Just 25 minutes north of Dilijan, Ijevan has a much different feel. More of a real town, built along a river, and less of the forested resort feel. The market along the highway is the biggest in the area, and very active. There are some really cool buildings, and nice parks and homes in town, with the river and cafes a great place to stop and enjoy the local scene. There is a Tourist Information office in town, though you shouldn't count on them having an English speaker on hand necessarily.

By bus

Destinations:
 * Yerevan – Minibuses run from its northern bus station (3 hr, 1,500 dram, hourly).
 * Dilijan – The Yerevan minibuses pass by here along their way (300-500 dram, 40 min from Dilijan). Direct connections from Dilijan are at 09:15 and 10:15.
 * Vanadzor – A few buses (700 dram, 1½ hr).

Get around
Walk, or take a taxi.

See
The town is very nice to explore on foot. Some cool old Soviet architecture, from the old hotels to the chess house are quite cool. Many old homes are of a very nice traditional style, and the river is quite good aside from the litter. There is even a sculpture park, an old ferris wheel needing repairs, and a semi-abandoned botanic garden. Aside from just exploring a bit on foot, there isn't much in the way of specific sites. It is just a pleasant town with some good places to explore in the region.

Kirants and Acharkut villages
Visiting the following monasteries can be done via Kirants and Acharkut villages, following the mud road through the lush forest along the river, you first come to the turnoff to Arakelots Monastery on your right, then to the bridge on to your left to get to Deghdznuti Monastery, then further past the bridge is Kirants Monastery. All three are well worth a visit, and combined it is an awesome day.

Do

 * Horse riding – Organised by Apaga resort, see below.
 * Horse riding – Organised by Apaga resort, see below.
 * Horse riding – Organised by Apaga resort, see below.
 * Horse riding – Organised by Apaga resort, see below.
 * Horse riding – Organised by Apaga resort, see below.
 * Horse riding – Organised by Apaga resort, see below.

Buy
The tourist information office sells some local handicrafts, from wood carving to small carpets. There is also a local wine factory you might be able to visit and pick up some wine from and some excellent homemade fruit vodkas called oghi that you can sample and buy at the farmers market along with preserves, dried fruit, nuts and honey.

Eat
There are a few places in town to get some food, near the market (shuka).

Drink
Same as the places to eat.

Connect
Tourist Information office, or city hall.

Go next

 * Berd – Its surrounding region is a hikers and bikers paradise.
 * Dilijan – The center of Armenia's "Little Switzerland" area, and very popular place for getting away from the city into the national park for hiking and cycling.
 * Noyemberyan – A small town near the border with Georgia, featuring 2 small nearby monasteries.
 * Vanadzor – Armenia's 3rd largest city with Soviet industrial architecture, although it has a few nice churches.

title: Ijevan


text:
Ikaria

Ikaria is an island in the North Aegean Sea and one of the East Aegean Islands. Ikaria is west of Samos and south of Chios. Its capital is the town of Agios Kirikos. Tourism on Ikaria is unimposing for all and reflects an "Ikarian Balance" between nature, freedom, time, and development.

The island is world famous for being one of the five Blue Zones, places where people reach extraordinary high ages. The island has the highest population of people 90 years and older in the world.

Understand
The Hybrid Hydro-Electric Plant, an electricity generating plant combining wind and hydraulic power, was inaugurated in 2019. It will provide 50% of the island's electricity needs.

The population is about 8,400 (2010), with an area of 660 km².

Villages and small towns include:

 * , the capital town, built on a hillside
 * , the 2nd-biggest settlement, an intensely traditional village, also a main port town
 * has pleasant beaches and the majority of accommodations
 * Yaliskari
 * Christos Raches, the village that comes alive at 20:00 when all the shops open.
 * Yaliskari
 * Christos Raches, the village that comes alive at 20:00 when all the shops open.
 * Christos Raches, the village that comes alive at 20:00 when all the shops open.

By plane
Ikaria can be reached year round by air and has an airport, located on the south eastern part of the island, 12 km from Agios Kirikos village. There are flights directly from Athens by Olympic Air (c. 35 minutes) or Thessaloniki (with one stop at Lemnos), and from Crete during the summer via SkyExpress.

By boat
Ikaria has 2 harbours, Evdilos and Agios Kirikos. There are daily ferry rides from the island of Samos (c. 2½ hours). A weekly ferry via Nel Lines also runs in the summer connecting Ikaria to Limnos, Lesvos and Kavala. There are also ferries to Kos running several times per week.

Get around
You can bring a car using the boats, or you can rent one there. Bus services are infrequent. For example, services to Armenistis from Evdilos only run on alternate days. To explore the island, car or motorbike rental is necessary - although hitchhiking is really common for younger people to get around. There are several car rental companies in Armenistis, but in peak season you may have to reserve a hire car a few days in advance.

Beaches
For swimming, head to the beaches of:
 * Faros. This sandy-pebble beach is a popular weekend getaway with ideal swimming waters. Along the beach are various tavernas, bars/cafes and a small pier. Windsurfing and kayak rentals are sometimes available on the beach.
 * Xylosyrtis
 * Seychelles
 * Karkinagri
 * Nas

Other beaches

 * Agios Giorgis Beach, a remote sandy beach protected by a cove located at the extreme northern tip of the island. Access is via an unpaved road from Faros that ends in a footpath where beachgoers must then hike about 20 minutes to the beach.
 * Evdilos Beach (Kiparissi), just before the city of Evdilos, is a small, quiet sandy beach with clear water and no facilities. This beach is often visited by locals.

Museums
Ikaria has multiple museums which house objects from Classical, Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine time periods. The museums are free to the public and vary in open hours. The museums include:
 * Archeological Museum of Kampos
 * Archeological Museum of Agios Kikirkos
 * Folklore Museum of Perdiki
 * Folklore Museum of Vrakades

title: Ikaria


text:
Ikata

Ikata (伊方町 Ikata-chō) is a town in Ehime. It spans the mountainous Sadamisaki Peninsula, the narrowest peninsula in Japan. Ikata's breath-taking combination of mountain and ocean scenery makes it a wonderful place for a leisurely afternoon drive.

Tourist information sites
The local tourist association has a Japanese-only guide site for the peninsula.

The local industry association has another Japanese-only guide site for the town.

By car
The best way to get to Ikata is by car. Bring your own, or rent one in Matsuyama or Yawatahama.
 * Take the oceanside scenic route: Take Route 378 south from Matsuyama along the beautiful Futami and Nagahama coastline.  Take a right at the junction with Route 197.
 * Take the misty mountain freeway route: Take the Matsuyama Expressway south past Ozu, then get off and take Route 197 through Yawatahama and the rest of the way to Ikata.

By train
You can also get close to Ikata by train—just take an express on the JR Yosan line from Matsuyama to Yawatahama. From there you can hop a bus or take a taxi, but beware that taxis get quite pricey.

By ferry
If you're in Kyushu, you can also catch a ferry from either Saganoseki or Beppu, Oita, to Misaki Port at Ikata's tip.

Get around
Buses run the length of the peninsula, but car is still the number one way to go.

Buy
Ikata has two roadside stations where you can buy locally-made goods. Ikata's mikan juice can't be beat!
 * Ikata Kirara-kan
 * Seto Agriculture Park

Eat
These restaurants are along Route 197.

Old Ikata
 * Maruma Diner (マルマ食堂 Maruma shokudō) - on Melody Line halfway down the hill from Yawatahama
 * Melody Cafe - shokudō and coffee, on Melody Line after the Kawanagata tunnel

Seto
 * Windmill Restaurant (風車レストラン fūsha resutoran) - Above the Seto Agriculture Park
 * DanDan - gelato (ice cream), local produce and Shionashi's famous Kintaro sweet potatoes - At the base of the Seto Agriculture Park
 * Pocket Park - Across the street from the Seto Agriculture Park
 * Hot Road - Next to the Ōku Observatory

Misaki
 * Marina-tei (まり～な亭) — A fabulous seafood restaurant in the Misaki neighborhood along Route 197. The head chef even appeared on TV's Iron Chef.

Drink
The Minatoura neighborhood has lots of yakitori (grilled chicken) and pub-style izakaya restaurants near the Ikata Town Office.

Sleep
There are numerous ryokan-style Japanese inns in Ikata, but only one business hotel. The closest recommended hotel is the Harbor Plaza Hotel in Yawatahama.

Go next

 * Ozu
 * Uchiko
 * Iyo
 * Matsuyama
 * Tobe
 * Masaki
 * Seiyo
 * Uwajima

title: Ikata


text:
Ikeda

There is more than one place called Ikeda:

Japan

 * Ikeda (Osaka) - A city in Osaka Prefecture.
 * Ikeda - A district of Miyoshi, Tokushima Prefecture.
 * Ikeda (Hokkaido) - A town in Tokachi, Hokkaido.
 * Ikeda (Fukui) - A town in Fukui Prefecture.
 * Ikeda (Nagano) - A town in Nagano Prefecture.

title: Ikeda


text:
Ikeda (Osaka)

Ikeda  (池田) is a city in the north of Osaka Prefecture.

Understand
Ikeda city boasts a naturally rich and beautiful environment such as the breathtaking greenery of Satsukiyama and the clean water of the Ina River.

Tourist information site
The local tourist association has a multilingual guide site.

Get in
It takes about 20 min from Umeda (the northern centre of Osaka) to Ikeda Station via the Hankyu Takarazuka Line.

Go next

 * Minō
 * Toyonaka
 * Suita
 * Osaka
 * Itami
 * Amagasaki
 * Takarazuka
 * Nishinomiya
 * Kawanishi

title: Ikeda (Osaka)


text:
Miyoshi (Tokushima)/Ikeda

Ikeda (池田), also known as Awa-Ikeda (阿波池田, capped with old province name), is the town center for Miyoshi City in the central part of the island of Shikoku.

Understand
Located at the crossroads of central Shikoku on the banks of the Yoshino River and surrounded by lush green mountains, Ikeda has a long history serving as a commercial and travel hub for the region. For decades the products from the Iya Valley and outlying areas moved through here to markets elsewhere, travelling by boat down the river to Tokushima City and beyond, with the main cash crop traded out being tobacco. Reaching its heyday in the 1960s and 70s, Ikeda also became famed for its high school baseball team, and for anyone in Japan born before 1980, they will almost certainly have heard of how this obscure little town would repeatedly win and/or be the team to beat in the national championship.

Nowadays, Ikeda is a lot more subdued. The tobacco industry collapsed in the 1980s, and what was a large processing plant for the crop has now been rebuilt into the town's main shopping center. As the river has been dammed, boats no longer ply the route to Tokushima (though the lake created has a tranquil atmosphere), and its been decades since the local boys have won a baseball championship, and qualifies for the tournament very occasionally. The main shopping arcade which extends from the station is no longer bustling, and the large majority of shops and pubs there are either devoid of customers or simply closed up.

It remains the areas administrative center with banking, hospital, and various other residential services, and for the traveler it continues to be a transport hub for the region, though most people only pass through or just stock up on supplies here as the more remote valleys and mountain areas lack the stores Ikeda still has to offer (few that they may be compared to larger Shikoku towns).

Money and communications

An Awa Bank is at the end of the arcade, though you may/may not be able to do a US dollar cash exchange.

Either one of Ikeda's two Seven-11s also take foreign bank cards with multi-language availability.

By train
Awa-Ikeda Station is along the JR Dosan Line, which slices across the heart of Shikoku from Kubokawa and Kochi through the Oboke and Koboke gorges in the south to Tadotsu, Takamatsu and then Okayama in the north.

From Okayama, a stop on the San'yo Shinkansen, Awa-Ikeda can be reached on the hourly Nanpu limited express service (90 minutes; ¥3510).

The JR Tokushima Line also terminates here, the trip from Tokushima taking about 70 minutes on the Tsurugisan limited express service (¥3240), or two hours by local train (¥1580).

There is no charge for these trains with the Japan Rail Pass.

By bus
From Osaka or Kobe, Hankyu Bus runs several a day from either city that go to the main Awa Ikeda Bus Terminal (阿波池田ＢＴ), located in the town center within the same parking lot as the Frespo shopping center (see "Buy"), and about a 3- or 4-minute walk to the train station. The trip to/from Osaka/Kobe takes about 4 hours and runs at about ¥4500. Discounts can be had if travelling round trip.

Long distance night buses from Tokyo stop at the Miyoshi Highway Bus Stop, which is located in neighboring Highashi Miyoshi-cho Town in the Mikamo district at the Yoshinogawa Service Area (aka "Highway Oasis") rest stop, about 15 minutes or so east of central Ikeda by car. This bus stop is called Miyoshi BS (三好ＢＳ) and is not a final destination, but rather a stop along the way with buses traveling between Tokyo and Kochi city. Tickets can be had for anywhere from ¥6000 to ¥12,000 (depending on day or seat style), and depart either direction around 9PM and arrive about 06:30. Online English language bookings can be found at the JR Bus Kanto website (though sometimes English bookings on the site can be tricky, so you may end up to calling their English operator or write by email).

Other long distance bus companies also service the same route as well as to Nagoya and Kyoto (and/or via Matsuyama, not Kochi), but you would have to search/book in Japanese. If you have the skills to do so, one may be able to find slightly better prices.

As far as travelling locally from the Miyoshi Highway bus stop in the Yoshinogawa Service Area (map here), good luck, as its a bit tricky. Though there is a local bus stop for here (called "Oasis" オアシス) on the small concrete-enclosed regular road on the northern side of the rest area, transfer times are not very convenient for getting to/from the night buses (timetable in Japanese here). The first bus out leaves Oasis at 10:02, arriving at Awa-Ikeda BT about 20 minutes later. On the return, buses leave Awa-Ikeda BT at 18:35, getting you to the Oasis stop about 2 hours before the night bus departures (spend your extra time having a relaxing hot spring bath offered at the rest area for ¥600, open till 18:00). Alternately, on a morning arrival with a night bus, one can easily walk due north from the rest area/Oasis bus stop along the small neighborhood road, and reach the larger RT 12 after about 5 or 10 minutes, then turn left for the first local bus stop about 200 m along (though you'd get on any Ikeda bound buses on the left side, the bus stop sign is on the right side, a bit before the first traffic light), with Awa-Ikeda BT bound buses passing by at 07:18 and 08:18 (but there are no extra bus options in the evening). The nearest train station is JR Tsuji, a 25-minute total walk in the westward direction from the rest area, first turning left a few minutes past the end of the rest area to go over the Rt 266 bridge, then turning right on Rt 192 for a further 1 km walk on this main road. However, if renting a car, Miyoshi Rental Car will do free pick up/drop off from the rest area (see "Get Around -By car" for car rental details).

There are four buses per day into the Iya Valley from Ikeda, though on weekends and holidays there are a few more buses that originate from JR Oboke Station. See "Get around" below or the Iya Valley page for details.

By car
Being in the center of Shikoku, Ikeda conveniently lies at the junction of National Roads Rt 32 (north/south Takamatsu to Kochi) and Rt 192 (east/west Tokushima to Matsuyama), which means that that one is very likely to pass through if traveling across the island.

Along the east/west Tokushima Expressway, the exit for Ikeda is named Ikawa/Ikeda IC and lies on the eastern edge of the central downtown shopping district. Just west of Ikeda, the Tokushima Expressway junctions with the Kochi Expressway (heading south) and then the Takamatsu and Matsuyama Expressways (for northern and western Shikoku)

Central Ikeda is a few minutes south from the junction of Route 32 and Route 192 (the two roads overlap each other for about 3 km while passing the downtown area). From the highway's Ikawa/Ikeda IC head west (left turn at the intersection after the toll booth), then after 200 m, either turn left at the first light for the road through the center of the town, or continue straight on Route 192 westward along the river for about 5 minutes to reach Route 32 for Oboke and the Iya Valley.

By car
Having a car is probably the best way to travel the area as buses and trains can be infrequent, while also allowing for flexibility and incomparable access to the area's best sights (buses only go on the main roads). A car rental can easily be cheaper than buying multiple public transportation tickets, especially if more than one person is traveling.

Rental car
There are only a couple of rental car companies in Ikeda, so depending on how you arrive, it may be best to secure a rental car from one of Shikoku's major cities or airports.

The car rental companies that you can make a reservation for in English are listed below. However, these have no office in Awa Ikeda station. Only the airports and major cities in Shikoku have these rental agencies:

 * Nipponrentacar
 * Toyota
 *
 * Budget

Bus
The main Awa Ikeda Bus Terminal (阿波池田ＢＴ) is about 150 m down the road from the train station (see the posted town maps in either place to know which way), within the parking lot of the Frespo shopping center (see "Buy" below).

From here buses radiate out through the area, with buses going to/from Iyaguchi, Koboke, Oboke, and the Iya Valley (see those pages for schedule details). For local buses bound for the Highway Bus stop (Miyoshi BS -for Tokyo night buses) see here.

(Caution: throughout 2018 many of the bus times and routes from Ikeda to Oboke and the Iya Valley have changed. Do not rely on any schedule printed before December 2018.)

Buses can be infrequent, confusing, inconvenient, and expensive for groups. If going to the Iya Valley, a one way fare can run about ¥1300-1800 (or more if going deeper) per person, making it about ¥5000-7000 for two people just to get in and out, and it doesn't include further trips to explore the valley properly. Whereas a small rental car can be had for ¥5000/day, and is a much better option not just for price, but also convenience and accessibility.

See
Most of Ikeda's sights lie in the outlying areas, particularly just south of town in the gorge area of Oboke and Koboke, as well as the famed Iya Valley. For many, Ikeda is used as a starting off point for those places.

There are few sights in the town, but a couple blocks just after the end of the shopping arcade (past the Awa Bank) is the historic district (don't blink as you walk by, or you might miss it). There are a few restored buildings, a shop or two, and a Tobacco Museum in a pretty old house (with a small traditional Japanese garden) that highlights the once thriving tobacco industry of the area. On some weekends this area holds an outdoor flea market of local arts and food.

Do
Most people use Ikeda as a hub for going elsewhere. Food, drink, and gear can be stocked up here before heading out, as the more picturesque and adventurous areas around have only limited supplies available.

 * White water rafting The Yoshino River looks rather tame as it runs through town, but 20 minutes or so upstream the valley narrows considerably and the rushing torrent is famed for its rafting. For information on how to do so, see the Oboke and Koboke page.

Festivals

 * Awa-Odori The biggest festival in Ikeda is the annual Awa-Odori street dancing event held for three days each August 14-16 (may be a day either side depending on year). Though not nearly as big as the main Awa-Odori event held in Tokushima City at the same time of year, the Ikeda event is still lots of fun and the streets are full of performing dance groups decked out in costume. Festivities are held each evening starting about 18:00, with lots of street vendors and locals out in yukata. It may even be possible that you will be pulled in to participate.
 * Shikoku Sake Tasting Festival Held usually the third weekend of February, dozens of Shikoku's sake brewers converge in Ikeda to show off their flavors. The three local distilleries also open their doors to the public for tours/tasting. A great experience for any hard core sake aficionado, though expect lots of middle aged Japanese men getting their game on. Tickets at door are ¥2000. http://www.shikoku-sakematuri.com/ in Japanese (an English description can be found here)

Buy

A 24-hour 7/11 is just beyond the home center.

From the train station, a generally lifeless shopping arcade extends straight in front of it. There are few stores that sell anything here anymore, just some restaurants/pubs.

An Awa Bank is located at the end of the arcade, though you may/may not be able to do a US dollar cash exchange. A JP office (Japan Post) with an ATM that takes foreign cards is located about halfway down the arcade and then one and a half blocks to the left (when going from the train station). The 7/11 also takes foreign bank cards.

The "River Station" 川の駅 has a great farmer's market, butcher, and local product vendor as well as a couple restaurants. See the listing under "Eat" below for more details.

The best as well as cheapest alcohol selection (and dry-food store) in town is on Route 192 going west towards Route 32 (to Kochi), about 300 m from the 7/11 (not to be confused with the other 7/11 in the town center by the home center). It is in a yellow warehouse-looking building on the left (English sign says 'Liquor and Foods') directly across from the large 'Idemitsu' gasoline station. It could be easy to miss, but it's the first building on the left side of Route 192 after the 7/11.

Eat
A noodle restaurant is just outside the bus station.
 * River Station 川の駅 (kawa-no-eki) On the main road Route 192 (along the river) just east of the 7/11 and across from the police station Located in a pink/orange building with a curved glass-windowed second floor, it houses a large local vegetable market and butcher (best local stock in town), as well as two restaurants: upstairs has breakfast buffet and a variety of lunch and dinner options; in the basement is a slightly classier meat barbecue restaurant that's great for satisfying your inner carnivore.

In between the defunct shops along the shopping arcade that extends from the station are several small restaurants serving noodles, barbecue, rice dishes and other set courses.

The supermarket near the bus station sells bentos (lunch boxes).

Drink
If you find yourself stuck here for some reason, and most definitely in need of a drink, then it would probably be best to simply grab a six-pack from the supermarket or the 7/11 and just drown your sorrows on a park bench. But for a bit of social atmosphere in exchange for over-priced Asahi Super Dry, various places along the shopping arcade offer up a beer. There are also a few small bars located in the narrow blocks outside the end of the arcade just beyond the Awa Bank. Some have hostesses. The cafe/bar next to the Tobacco Museum is probably one of the only ones not exclusively filled with crusty middle-aged men. Coco Cross guesthouse also serves up drinks most evenings.

Sleep
Although many travelers would suggest staying in the Iya Valley area, Ikeda could serve as a nice place to stay if you're looking for a central base and if wishing for a bit more in the way of restaurants, drinking, and shopping, It is also the most convenient option for those arriving after the last bus to the Iya Valley. Ikeda is the easiest and most flexible place to stay for those using public transportation.

Go next

 * Oboke and Koboke - Adventure abounds with some of Japan's most awesome white water rafting.
 * Iya Valley - A wild, rugged place for great mountain hiking, traditional villages, and daring vine bridges.
 * Mima - Step back in time while walking through the old 'Udatsu' town district.
 * Tokushima - Dance your heart out at the famous Awa-Odori.
 * Kami - Let your inner otaku have fun at the Anpanman Museum
 * Kochi - Head south for beach fun, great sushi, and Japan's highest concentration of alcoholics.
 * Kotohira - Climb the 1000 steps of their impressive mountain temple.
 * Takamatsu - Go north for some unbeatable udon noodles and some of Japan's best gardens.

title: Miyoshi (Tokushima)/Ikeda


text:
Ikkiss

Ikkiss is a small village in the High Atlas mountains of Morocco, in the Rhirhaia valley. It's just over 2000 m above sea level and has a population of about 600 people. There is a small school for the children from the surrounding villages and a local mosque.

Get in
Open back trucks provides a 'bus' service to Ikkiss along the rutted tracks a couple of times a week from Asni and Imlil. The roads however are very prone to damage due to flooding washing them away. Walking to Ikkiss from Imlil is a reasonable alternative. It's about 8-10 km (5-6 miles) from Imlil over a mountain pass (about 4 hours walking non-stop)

The road/track only goes to Imlil over the pass, and not down the main valley (towards Asni). However, footpaths go between all the villages in the valley.

Get around
There is a rough track that goes part way into the village, but it's mainly just a collection of paths. On foot is the only way.

See
The green, cultivated, terraced fields all over the valley are amazing, as are the mountains.

Do
Hiking is the main activity. Either from here, or from Tacheddirt hiking into the mountains is very easy.

Buy, eat and drink
There may be a very small store (someone's house a few things are sold), but it may not be open often, or very permanent.

Sleep
There probably isn't any accommodation here. The nearest Refuge is in Tacheddirt. The Berbers are friendly people though, and if you're in a pickle, will find a bit of floor for you to sleep on (for a price).

Go next
The only road goes south, back towards Imlil. Paths go east to Tacheddirt and west down the valley towards Asni. It is possible to head West, then head over a pass further West (past the one for Imlil). From there a damp river crossing will get you onto the main road between Imlil and Asni, where hitching back to Asni is easy.

title: Ikkiss


text:
Ilam

Ilam is a city in Central Western Iran populated by Kurds.

Talk
The local language is Kurdish but many people also speak Iran's national language, Persian, and since the area is near the Iraqi border some may speak Arabic.

See
Like many other regions of Iran the architecture in Ilam includes traditional and contemporary periods. The Governor Castle, Falahaty Mansion and The Mirgholam Castle are examples of some surviving traditional buildings in Ilam. The courtyard dwelling is the main type of the buildings of this period. This type of building was accepted as the main building type over all Iran for both climatic and cultural reasons.

title: Ilam


text:
Ilanz

Ilanz (Romantsch: Glion) is a town in the Surselva.

By train
The railway station in Illanz has one hourly connection in each direction: From Disentis (35 min), where trains arrive from Andermatt and the Valais. And from Scuol (2h 50min), Klosters (2h 5min), Chur (35 min) through the spectacular Rhine gorge. From Zurich and most other parts of Switzerland, you have to change in Chur.

By car
The fastest way to Ilanz for most travelers will be from the west. Exit the A13 highway in Reichenau and follow the main road to Ilanz. From the east, coming from Disentis or over any of the passes, also follow the main road towards Ilanz.

Get around
The Post Buses run to every conceivable village including nearby, including Vals, Vrin, Obersaxen, Laax Dorf, Ladir, Ruschein. The open-air terminal is opposite the train station. The town centre is manageable on foot, yet the outskirts may need a bike to reach quickly.

See
The main street of Ilanz curves to the left after crossing the railway. The train station is accessed on the left immediately after the crossing. On the bend of the road a wide cobbled semi- pedestrianised street flows to the right, this is where markets are held every Saturday, selling staple foods as well as local specialities, e.g. Bündner Fleisch (a cured beef) and Salzis (similar to salami). This street leads into the old quarter.

The old town is made entirely of cobbled streets, with solid stone buildings lining the narrow way, the occasional tower or steeple looming above. They generally have brightly painted and patterned shutters and hefty wooden doors, a charming part of town ideal for spending a sunny afternoon (very briefly) getting lost in.

Do

 * Watersports
 * Canoeing
 * Kayaking

Just down-river from Ilanz is the Rhine gorge, also known as the Swiss Grand Canyon, a gorge cut out of the white rock by the Vorderhein. The sheer white 300 metre cliffs make a stunning albeit short experience. Veloland Schweiz Route 2 runs straight through Ilanz
 * Cycling

Nearby

 * The villages of and  are a short bus ride away. The  is located on a hill next to the village and boasts nice views and a rich history.
 * is a smaller town nearby. It is an alternative if you want to avoid the busy resorts of Flims and Laax.

Go next

 * Chur
 * Andermatt via the Oberalp pass

title: Ilanz


text:
Iława

Ilawa is a town in Masuria, Poland.

Get in
Unfortunately there are no international connections, but Iława has good domestic connections with almost all major cities in Poland.

 * Warsaw - 8 times per day (3h journey)
 * Kraków - 6 times per day (6-7h journey)
 * Gdańsk - 8 times per day (1.5-2h journey)
 * Olsztyn - 7 times per day (1h journey)
 * Poznań - 3 times per day (3h journey).

Schedules can be found on the PKP website

There are two train stations - and the smaller. Not all trains stop at Iława Miasto so try to get out at Iława Główna.

Get around
Public transport served by ZKM has 7 bus lines. A single ticket costs 2.80 zł.

Taxis are available and tend to be cheap. Tipping is not obligatory. The cheapest taxi corporations are Wodnik and Hallo Taxi. The most expensive taxis are at the train station.

See
Sadly, much of Iława was destroyed in World War II. However, some interesting attractions have survived.

 * 4 Baroque sculptures on the main street - Jupiter, Junona, Meduza and Herkules (first half of 18th century) obtained from the palace in Kamieniec Suski
 * Secessionist villas and palaces
 * Medieval fortified settlement (grodzisko) on Wielka Żuława island (the biggest inland island in Poland)
 * Secessionist villas and palaces
 * Medieval fortified settlement (grodzisko) on Wielka Żuława island (the biggest inland island in Poland)

Do

 * Water sports: sailing, kayaking on Jeziorak lake
 * Fishing
 * Bike rental
 * Horse riding

Go next

 * Grudziądz
 * Ostróda

title: Iława


text:
Ile-aux-Moines

Île-aux-Moines (Breton: Izenah; the name in both languages means "island of the monks") is an island in Brittany. At long and  wide, it's the largest island in the "Golfe du Morbihan" (Gulf of Morbihan), and has 610 inhabitants. The island is pretty, full of flowers, and has old stones and amazing landscapes. It is also good walking country.

By boat
To get the ferry, you need to go in Port-Blanc in city of Baden ( of Vannes)

From Vannes, you should take the orange bus line (Larmor-Baden - Vannes), near train station, but there are few buses each day, so you can also hitch-hike: take the bus in Place de la République, line 4 in direction "Mairie Arradon" and stop in station "Le Petit Molac" — you are on the road of Baden!

In Port-Blanc, you should take the ferry of Izenah Croisières. From 07:00 to 19:30, there is a ferry each half an hour, €4 round trip.

The ferry drops passengers in

By bicycle
Your can bring you own bicycle: the ferry charges €4 per bicycle, for each trip.

Several companies proposed to rent bicycle near the harbour:

See
On the island 3 walkway tours:
 * The tour of Trec'h ( one-way, North, yellow): discover church Saint-Michel, and from the "Pointe Trec'h", beautiful view on Arradon and Island of Arz.
 * The tour of Brouel (, East, red): discover chapel, fountain, and from the "Pointe of Brouel", a view on Island of Arz.
 * The tour of Penhap (, South, blue): discover celtic megalith, view of the bay, thatched cottage, grove, and at of Penhap, on the "Pointe de Nioul", a large view on peninsula of Rhuys.

Sleep
Ile-aux-Moines have 2 hotels, 1 holiday residence and numerous guest houses. There is also 1 camping.

Go next

 * Vannes
 * Auray
 * Port-Blanc (Baden)
 * Port-Navalo (Arzon)
 * Locmariaquer

title: Ile-aux-Moines


text:
Île aux Nattes

Île aux Nattes is a small island of the east coast of Madagascar.

Understand
Île aux Nattes (also officially, but less commonly, called Nosy Nanto) is a small island south of Île Sainte-Marie, an island off the east coast of Madagascar. Both belong to Toamasina Province.

Go next

 * Île Sainte-Marie – Île aux Nattes' big sister

title: Île aux Nattes