text:
Poland (disambiguation)

There is more than one place called Poland:

Central Europe

 * Poland - A country in Central Europe. The most famous Poland.

United States of America

 * Poland (Maine) - A town in the state of Maine.
 * Poland (Ohio) - A town in the state of Ohio.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Poland (disambiguation)


text:
Poland (Maine)

Poland is a town in Androscoggin County in Maine that is home to Range Ponds State Park, which has hiking trails and a pristine freshwater beach. Poland is a historic resort area, and includes the village of East Poland.

title: Poland (Maine)


text:
Poland (Ohio)

Poland is a suburb of Youngstown in Ohio.

By car
Poland can be accessed through the following interstate highways:
 * I-76 serving Akron and Youngstown and connecting to beyond Pennsylvania to the east.
 * I-680.

title: Poland (Ohio)


text:
Pole of Cold

The (northern) Pole of Cold is a region in the Russian Far East.

Understand
Geographic peculiarities of the vast continental region of Siberia create extraordinarily low temperatures in certain parts of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The coldest temperature ever definitively measured in the Northern Hemisphere was at Verkhoyansk, although there are other claimants to the title in the region. The average January temperature in Oymyakon, for one, is 61 degrees below zero Celsius. There is an odd competition among villages in the region for the title of the northern hemisphere's coldest place.

These conditions have created a weird sort of opportunity for adventure travel. Every year since 2001, the Annual Pole of Cold Festival takes place there. The exhibition of the national clothes, applied art and the national food of the people of the North, deer-drawn race teams, ice fishing and other activities are held during the festival. The major event of the festival is the auto tour Yakutsk-Oymyakon, 1,270 km (789 mi) of snowy trails including 403 km (250 mi) of regularity rally. Although this event is an extreme sport it also includes sightseeing, visiting museums, ethnographic complexes and historic places. Santa Claus from Lapland and Father Frost from Veliky Ustyug are regular visitors to the festival.

Get in
Usually travellers get in via Yakutsk, the administrative centre of Yakutia (Republic of Sakha) and drive from there.

By land
The best season for a trip to the Pole of Cold - if you want to experience the cold, that is - is from the beginning of December to April.

Oymyakon is along the "old" route of the Kolyma Highway aka Road of Bones, built by gulag prisoners during Stalin's era. Along the road there are carved bridges, barracks, and other remains of former prisons. There is the possibility of finding fragments of "Aircobra" aircraft crashed during World War II.

On the long road it is possible to view magnificent mountains, fast rivers, waterfalls, and vast reindeer pastures...

 * Poseidon Expeditions. Offers an expedition trip with visit to Oymyakon and\or Verkhoyansk.
 * Pole of Cold Expedition. Offers an expedition trip with visit to Oymyakon and\or Verkhoyansk.

See
In you have the opportunity to experience extremely cold temperatures.

Do
Here you'll have a lot of things to do: meteorological observations, ice fishing, attending folklore concerts, and the Ceremony of the Pole of Cold Certificate Award.

Sleep
In Oymyakon you can stay with local families. Staying at locals' houses enables you to see and feel Russian life.

Go next

 * Vostock, a Russian (Soviet) research station in East Antarctica, is the southern Pole of Cold; it measured the coldest recorded naturally-occurring temperature on Earth of −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) in 1983.

title: Pole of Cold


text:
Police (Poland)

 * This article is about a town in Poland. See Stay safe for security advice. See History of justice for destinations related to law enforcement.

Police is a town in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodeship in northwestern Poland. The town is located a few kilometers north of regional capital Szczecin. It is a rather industrial town with few things of interest, but there are a few beautiful places for those who are interested. Unrelated to law enforcement, despite the name.

By train
The (address: ul. Stefana Batorego) is a rather small train station.

title: Police (Poland)


text:
Policoro

Policoro is in Basilicata, Italy

Get in
There is a bus from Matera (1 hr, €4), and a train from Sibari (1 hr, €3.50). From the railway station, it is 1 km to the beach.

Understand
There are ruins in Policoro and a museum.

See

 * National Museum of Siritide Information on the Greek settlement of Heraclea, the ruins of which are just outside the town and can be visited for a small fee.

title: Policoro


text:
Polignano a Mare

Polignano a Mare is a town in the Metropolitan City of Bari (BA) in the Italian region of Apulia (Puglia).

Known as "the Pearl of the Adriatic", Polignano is the ideal place to plunge into uncontaminated waters and explore a picturesque historic centre by the sea. Whether you're passing through a longer road trip of the region, or visiting on a weekend break, the town has plenty to entertain, especially on a warm summer's day.

Understand
Polignano is believed to have prehistoric origins since archaeological sites and excavations have been found in the surrounding area.

The city developed on a rocky spur, right in front of the Adriatic Sea which offers majestic views. Among many other places, there are several caves, the most important being Grotto Palazzos, undisputed queen of the sea caves of Puglia. Inside this cave, there is the famous Hotel Ristorante Grotta Plazzese which has been awarded one Michelin star.

An interesting area is the old town; here you can feel the legacy of different cultures including Byzantines, Spanish, Normans: the area is accessed by passing under an arch. It consists of different decorative styles, different colors and scents, made up of small streets, white houses, but also stairs with different writings of verses by great poets on them.

Like all tourist sites, especially those by the sea, Polignano a Mare has its own spectacular charm. The city attracts a lot of tourists who are enchanted by this amazing place that seems to be almost a painting.

It is perhaps the most photographed place in Puglia. Indeed, the best photo of the "Wiki Loves Monuments Italia" 2020 competition (the Italian edition of the biggest photo contest in the world) is a shot by Nicola Abbrescia representing Polignano a Mare whipped by the stormy sea.

By plane
From Bari airport (48 km) take a shuttle or a light metro to the central train station in Bari. Trains to Fasano, Brindisi or Lecce stop in Polignano a Mare. From Brindisi airport (83 km) reach Brindisi central train station by shuttle. Trains to Bari, Molfetta or Foggia stop in Polignano a Mare.

By car
From highway A14 (Bologna – Taranto) and A16 (Napoli – Bari) reach Bari and exit at Bari nord tool booth. Follow the signs to downtown Bari, Brindisi, Lecce. Continue towards Brindisi on the state road named SS 16 and exit at Polignano a Mare nord. From Brindisi, take the state road SS16 towards Bari and exit at Polignano a Mare / Conversano.

Get around
The best way of getting around Polignano a Mare is, without any doubt, on foot since it is a very small town and all main attractions can be easily reached. Furthermore, it a walk in its narrow streets is a very pleasant experience, especially on sunny days.

Walking from the Polignano a Mare railway station, in Viale Trieste, to Centro Storico (old city) will take about 10 minutes.

Walking from Centro Storico to the famous statue of Domenico Modugno, crossing Piazza Giuseppe Verdi, will take about 5 minutes.

Walking from Centro Storico to Grotta Palazzese, one of the major caves in Polignano a Mare where there is a luxury restaurant, will take about 5 minutes.

See
Would you like to have Apulia at your fingertips? Polignano a Mare offers everything you need to discover Apulian local products and its landscapes.

This beautiful Italian municipality belonging to the metropolitan city of Bari, gives the opportunity to enjoy the panorama of the Lama Monachile beach. It is a little pebble cove set under its Bourbon bridge, a structure which attracts a large amount of tourists every year. Actually, Polignano’s strong point is the view of the cliffs overlooking the Adriatic sea. Thanks to them, Polignano hosts the Red Bull Cliff Diving, the international diving championship every summer.

Another distinguishing feature is the old town, where you can follow the path of the alleys and let yourself be carried to the balconies. During the journey poems written on the steps of the houses could be found. The only way to enjoy the old town is walking on foot or riding a bike. Lastly, going for a stroll on the Lungomare, you will reach the Domenico Modugno’s statue, honoring the famous songwriter born there.

 * Polignano a Mare - Arcate del ponte borbonico dal basso.jpg
 * Statua di Domenico Modugno.jpg
 * Grotta delle Rondinelle.pngCala Paura.jpg
 * Polignano a Mare - Arcate del ponte borbonico dal basso.jpg
 * Statua di Domenico Modugno.jpg
 * Grotta delle Rondinelle.pngCala Paura.jpg
 * Grotta delle Rondinelle.pngCala Paura.jpg
 * Grotta delle Rondinelle.pngCala Paura.jpg
 * Grotta delle Rondinelle.pngCala Paura.jpg

Events

 * Scalinata Polignano a Mare.jpg
 * Scalinata Polignano a Mare.jpg
 * Scalinata Polignano a Mare.jpg

Buy
The main shopping areas are situated in the narrow streets of the old citadel. There are many local shops which sell some local products such as souvenirs, handmade shoes, bags, dresses and jewels. These shops sell some objects for a perfect day at the beach: bikini, masks, fins, beach towels, sunscreen, sunglasses. The area is also plenty bakeries which sell some local products such as focaccia, panzerotto, ice creams and pasta; there are also many cosy restaurants serving fresh sea products. Tasting good wine while admiring the sunset standing on a terrace or sitting on the rocks is a real Apulian experience.

Eat
As for food specialties, Polignano a Mare offers two main Apulian dishes: the 'panzerotto and the focaccia barese. The former is a stuffed fried, half-moon shaped pasta. It can be stuffed with many ingredients, both sweet and savoury. Focaccia is like a pizza-shaped, flat oven-baked bread garnished with tomato, mozzarella and oregano.

Drink
Polignano a Mare is famous for its Caffè Speciale prepared with coffee, sugar, lemon zest, cream and amaretto (obtained from chopped sweet almonds): these are the five magic ingredients that give life to this special coffee, then served warm in small glasses. The combination of coffee and lemon represents its peculiarity, whose aftertaste is felt, but very harmonious.

title: Polignano a Mare


text:
Polish narrow gauge railways

Polish narrow gauge railways are mostly short sections of old sand-, beetroot-, mine- or simply commuter railways constructed mostly at the turn of XIX and XXth centuries.

Understand
Due to economical changes in 1990s, many of the lines have been closed or even dismantled, however some of then are still operating. As - generally speaking - Germans used to be more fond of railways (while Russians and Austrians less) most of the narrow gauge lines had been built in what is nowadays the western part of Poland. The region that owns most of the still working lines is Wielkopolska. In most cases at least one station of a narrow gauge railway is next to a normal-gauge one, so it is easy to start a narrow-gauge adventure getting there by regular train.

Prepare
Be prepared, that in many cases local narrow-gauge lines operate only in summer (May-September or even the end of June till the end of August) and during some weekends, so they aren't used for regular passenger traffic any more. But there are still some operating daily, or at least on schooldays.

Lines
Public lines:

 * Upper Silesia line (Bytom - Miasteczko Śląskie) in Upper Silesia region
 * Gryfice Commuter Line in West Pomerania . Operates regularly in summer (from Gryfice to Rewal, connecting several sea resorts) on the distance of 41 km.
 * Gniezno line (Gniezno-Witkowo) in Wielkopolska region., phone : +48 61 426 11 30. Trains only on summer Sat and Su, but more can be requested.
 * Kalisz line (Opatówek - Turek) in Wielkopolska region. Only freight trains are regularly operating, but passenger trains can be launched on request at any time.
 * Śmigiel line (Stare Bojanowo - Śmigiel - Wielichowo) in Wielkopolska region, phone : +48 65 518 00 10. Regular all-year trains from Stare Bojanowo to Śmigiel, additional trains (as well steam trains) of that section and to Wielichowo - on request.
 * Środa line (Środa Wielkopolska - Zaniemyśl) in Wielkopolska region., phone : +48 61 285 82 98. Owned by local authorities, operates on summer Sat and Su from Środa Wielkopolska (where the trains are coordinated with the ones from Poznań to Zaniemyśl. Additional trains on request.
 * Pleszew line in Wielkopolska region. Few daily trains from the centre of Pleszew to nearest normal-gauge line, additional trains on request.
 * Białośliwie line in Wielkopolska region . Irregular trains from Bialosliwie (on the normal-gauge line Piła - Bydgoszcz), additional trains on request.
 * Żnin lines (Żnin - Wenecja - Biskupin - Gasawa) in Kujawsko-Pomorskie region,, phone : +48 52 30 20 492. Regular courses several times a day from Znin to Gasawa, calling at Wenecja (a narrow-gauge open-air museum) and Biskupin (the excavations of an old settlement from 5th cent BC). Be prepared for kid groups :)
 * Żuławy Commuter line (Nowy Dwór Gdański - Sztutowo) in Pomerania
 * Rogów commuter line (Rogów - Rawa Mazowiecka) in Łódzkie region
 * Piaseczno narrow-gauge line in Mazowieckie region
 * Sochaczew museum line (in the narrow-gauge open-air museum) in Mazowieckie region
 * Mława line in Mazowieckie region
 * Starachowice - Iłża line in southern parts of Mazowieckie region
 * Ełk Narrow-Gauge line in Warmian-Masurian Voivodship
 * Nałęczów - Opole Lubelskie line in Lubelskie region, 50 km
 * Jedrzejów - Pińczów Commuter Line in Świętokrzyskie region
 * Przeworsk Commuter line (Przeworsk - Dynów) in Podkarpackie

Forest lines:
 * Bieszczady forest line in Podkarpackie, 33 km
 * Białowieża forest line in Podlaskie region, 17 km
 * Kozienice forest line in Mazowieckie region
 * Wigry forest line in Podlaskie, 10 km

Park lines:

 * Hel in the Museum of Coastal Defence
 * Malta children line in Poznań . Regular trains from April to October, in spring and autumn only on Sat and Su, during summer : everyday. Links one of the main public-transport centres in Poznań with the new zoo.

title: Polish narrow gauge railways


text:
Polish phrasebook

Polish (polski) is the official language of Poland, a country of 38.5 million people and is also used by some of the 10 million Polish diaspora around the world. It is understood and can be used for communication in the western parts of Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania. Polish is a West Slavic language and the closest similar languages are those of Poland's neighbours: Czech and Slovak. The Polish language has also strongly influenced the East Slavic Ukrainian and Belarusian languages.

The language is unique in that it retains the nasal sounds lost in other Slavic languages and uses a unique diacritic mark, an ogonek (a "little tail") attached to a and e to express them. It is also noted for its consonant clusters with similar-sounding affricates and fricatives, some of which may cause some serious pronunciation difficulties. On the other hand, there are only 8 vowels in Polish, (a, e, i, o, u ,y + nasals ą, ę) as compared to some 20 in RP English and the pronunciation follows a set of rules, so it can be read from the spelling of a word.

Like other Slavic languages, Polish is highly inflected and allows much discretion in its word order. For example, Ania kocha Jacka, Jacka kocha Ania, Ania Jacka kocha, etc. all translate to Annie loves Jack, a sentence that cannot be further reordered without changing the meaning. This may cause some confusion for speakers of positional languages such as English. Polish has seven cases, three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine and neuter) in singular and two (virile and non-virile) in plural. There are three tenses (past/present/future) and 18 verb conjugation patterns so as you can see the grammar may be a little challenging.

Alphabet

and  are used in foreign words only. is used in some historical names too.

Vowels

 * a : as in father
 * ą : nasalized vowel, similar to French "an" or "en" [ How to pronounce: Nasal vowels ]
 * e : as in bed
 * ę : nasalized 'e', similar to French "in", like rang [ How to pronounce: Nasal vowels ] ; becomes just a long "e" at the end of words.
 * i : as in marine
 * o : as in lot
 * ó : see u
 * u : as in boot
 * y : good approximation sound is myth.
 * y : As in French je and le and in Dutch rode and witte. Just like the

Consonants

 * b : as in bed
 * c : as in prince
 * ć : somewhat as in gotcha, pronounced with the tongue touching the front of the palate
 * d : as in dog
 * f : as in fun
 * g : as in go
 * h : see ch
 * j : as in yak
 * k : as in keep
 * l : as in lead
 * ł : as in womb
 * m : as in mother
 * n : as in nice
 * ń : as in canyon; sounds just like the Spanish "ñ"
 * p : as in pig
 * q : as kw, see k and w respectively (rarely used)
 * r : no approximate sound in English but try ring
 * s : as in song
 * ś : somewhat as in wish
 * t : as in top
 * v : see w (rarely used)
 * w : as in vote
 * x : as ks, see k and s respectively (rarely used)
 * z : as in haze
 * ź : as in seizure
 * ż : as zh in English loanwords or treasure

Digraphs and trigraphs

 * ch : as Scots say in loch
 * ci, dzi, ni, si, zi : as a ć/dź/ń/ś/ź followed by an i
 * sz : as in shackles
 * cz : as in witch
 * rz : see ż
 * dż : as in John, voiced version of cz
 * dź : voiced version of ć
 * szcz : sz + cz is a common combination - just think freshcheese.

How to pronounce

 * Emphasis is usually on the penultimate syllable, with only a few exceptions; non-Slavic words, the first and second plural forms of the past and conditional tenses of both aspects and names that end in -sław are stressed on the third-last syllable.
 * Devoicing occurs with b, d, g, w, z, ż and voiced digraphs in word endings and consonant clusters. Thus jabłko 'an apple' is really pronounced japko.
 * Nasal vowels are really nasal in certain configurations only. Other than that, they are om/on for ą and em/en for ę. To approximate them, say a or e normally and then say the n sound as in the -ing endings. Link those two sounds together and voila you have a nasal vowel.
 * Voiceless plosives k, p and t are not aspirated, unlike their English counterparts.
 * Ć-Cz, Dź-Dż, Ś-Sz. This is a little more difficult. The English sh/ch sounds are between ś/ć and sz/cz respectively - the former are softer, and the latter are harder. Cz is really just an affricate consisting of t + sz (or t + sh in English). Dź is a voiced ć and dż is a voiced counterpart of cz, so another way to learn cz is to de-voice the J sound you know from John.
 * Rolling r is the sound you will most probably never learn. Approximate it with the r you know, whatever it is. Or if you are really determined, read about the alveolar trill and the alveolar flap.

After you know how to pronounce letters and digraphs, just pronounce all letters as you see them.

Basics

 * Hello: Informal - Cześć (Tch-esh-ch) Formal - Dzień dobry (Jeyn Dob-ry)
 * How are you?: Jak się masz? (Yahk sheng mah-sh)
 * Fine, thank you: Dziękuję, dobrze. (Jenkoo-yeng dob-zhe)
 * What is your name?: Jak masz na imię? (yahk mah-sh nah eem-ye) Note: meaning in Polish 'What is your given name?' (not a surname)
 * My name is ______ .: Nazywam się ______. (Nah-zivam sheng ____) Note: in Polish when you introduce yourself you should start from given name followed by surname (in informal situations just given name)
 * Please. : Proszę (PRO-she)
 * Thank you. : Dziękuję. (Jenkoo-yen)
 * You're welcome: Informal - Nie ma za co (nye ma za tso) Formal - Proszę (PRO-she)
 * Yes. : Tak (tahk)
 * No. : Nie (nye)
 * Excuse me.: (for getting attention) Przepraszam. (pshe-pra-sham)
 * I'm sorry.: Przepraszam. (pshe-pra-sham)
 * Goodbye: Informal - pa (pah) Formal - Do widzenia (do vee-dze-nya)
 * I can't speak Polish [well].: Nie mówię [dobrze] po polsku. (nye moo-vye [dob-zhe] po pol-skoo)
 * Do you speak English?: Czy mówisz po angielsku? (chi moo-vish po ang-gyel-skoo?)
 * Is there someone here who speaks English?: Czy ktoś tu mówi po angielsku? (tch-y ktosh too moo-vee po ang-yel-skoo)
 * Help!: Pomocy! (po-mo-tsy) or Ratunku! (ra-toon-koo)
 * Good morning: Dzień dobry.
 * Good evening: Dobry wieczór.
 * Good night: Dobranoc. (doh-brah-nots)
 * I don't understand: Nie rozumiem (Nyeh roh-zoom-yem)
 * Where is the toilet?: Gdzie jest toaleta? (g-jeh yest toa-leta)

Talking to somebody

 * Can you help me? : Czy może mi pan m / pani f pomóc? (Tchih MO-zheh mee pahn / PAH-nee POH-moots?)

Problems

 * Leave me alone. : Zostaw mnie. (Zostaff mnieh)
 * I'll call the police. : As in summoning - Zawołam policję! (ZAH-voh-wam poh-litz-yeh) As in using a phone - Zadzwonię na policję (ZAH-dzvohn-yeh nah poh-litz-yeh)
 * Police! : Policja! (po-litz-yah)
 * Stop the thief! : Zatrzymać złodzieja! (zah-tschy-matz zwoh-TZIEH-yah)
 * I need your help. : Potrzebuję pomocy. (poh-tscheh-BOO-yeh poh-moh-tsi)
 * It's an emergency. : To nagła potrzeba (toh NAH-gwah poh-CHEh-bah)
 * I'm lost. : Zabłądziłem. (zah-bwon-TZEE-wehm)
 * I lost my bag. : Zgubiłem torbę. (zgu-BEE-wehm TOHR-beh)
 * I lost my wallet. : Zgubiłem portfel. (zgu-BEE-wehm pohr-tvehll)
 * I'm sick. : Jestem chory. (YEH-stehm hoh-ry)
 * I'm injured. : Jestem ranny (YEH-stehm rahn-ni)
 * I need a doctor. : Potrzebuję lekarza. (Pohtschehbooie leckaschah)
 * Can I use (your) phone? : Czy mogę zadzwonić (od pana/pani)? (tshy moh-gheh zah-tzvoh-nitz (ohd pa-nih [fem.]/pah-nah [masc.])

Numbers

 * Comma is the decimal point in Polish, and space is used as a thousand separator.
 * For negative numbers, the minus sign is before the number.
 * The currency symbol is zł (sometimes also PLN where different currencies are involved or, incorrectly, PLZ) and it goes after the amount.
 * Common abbreviations are tys. for 'thousands' (SI: k), mln for million (SI: M). Miliard or mld is a billion, and bilion is a trillion (as in the old British notation).

Examples: 1,000,000 is 1 000 000, 3.141 is 3,141. PLN 14.95 is 14,95 zł, and the Polish public debt is -700 000 000 000 zł or -700 000 mln zł or -700 mld zł or 0,7 bln zł.

 * Numbers : liczby

 * 0 : zero (ZEH-ro)
 * 1 : jeden (YEH-den) (pierwszy)
 * 2 : dwa (dvah) (drugi)
 * 3 : trzy (tzhih) (trzeci)
 * 4 : cztery (CHTEH-rih) (czwarty)
 * 5 : pięć (pyench) (piąty)
 * 6 : sześć (sheshch) (szósty)
 * 7 : siedem (SHEH-dem) (siódmy)
 * 8 : osiem (OH-shem) (ósmy)
 * 9 : dziewięć (JEV-yench) (dziewiąty)
 * 10 : dziesięć (JESH-yench) (dziesiąty)
 * 11 : jedenaście (yeh-deh-NAHSH-cheh) (-nasty) (jedenasty)
 * 12 : dwanaście (dvah-NAHSH-cheh) (dwunasty)
 * 13 : trzynaście (tzhi-NAHSH-cheh) (trzynasty)
 * 14 : czternaście (chter-NAHSH-cheh) (czternasty)
 * 15 : piętnaście (pyent-NAHSH-cheh) (piętnasty)
 * 16 : szesnaście (shes-NAHSH-cheh) (szesnasty)
 * 17 : siedemnaście (sheh-dem-NAHSH-cheh) (siedemnasty)
 * 18 : osiemnaście (oh-shem-NAHSH-cheh) (osiemnasty)
 * 19 : dziewiętnaście (jev-yent-NAHSH-cheh) (dziewiętnasty)
 * 20 : dwadzieścia (dva-JESH-cha) (dwudziesty)
 * 21 : dwadzieścia jeden (dvah-DZHESH-chah YEH-dehn) (dwudziesty pierwszy)
 * 22 : dwadzieścia dwa (dvah-DZHESH-chah dvah) (dwudziesty drugi)
 * 23 : dwadzieścia trzy (dvah-DZHESH-chah tshih) (dwudziesty trzeci)
 * 30 : trzydzieści (tzhi-JESH-chee)(trzydziesty)
 * 40 : czterdzieści (czterdziesty)
 * 50 : pięćdziesiąt (pięćdziesiąty)
 * 60 : sześćdziesiąt (sześćdziesiąty)
 * 70 : siedemdziesiąt (siedemdziesiąty)
 * 80 : osiemdziesiąt (osiemdziesiąty)
 * 90 : dziewięćdziesiąt (dziewięćdziesiąty)
 * 100 : sto (setny)
 * 200 : dwieście (dvyesh-SHCHEH) (dwusetny)
 * 300 : trzysta (trzysetny)
 * 400 : czterysta (czterysetny)
 * 500 : pięćset (pięćsetny)
 * 600 : sześćset (sześćsetny)
 * 700 : siedemset (siedemsetny)
 * 800 : osiemset (osiemsetny)
 * 900 : dziewięćset (dziewięćsetny)
 * 1000 : tysiąc (tysięczny)
 * 2000 : dwa tysiące (dwutysięczny)
 * 1 000 000 : milion (milionowy)
 * number _____ (train, bus, etc.) : numer _____
 * half : pół/połowa (poow/powova)
 * less : mniej (mnyay)
 * more : więcej (VYEN-tsay)

Time

 * now : teraz (tehras)
 * later : później (poozniehy)
 * morning : rano (ranoh)
 * afternoon : popołudnie (popo-oodnye)
 * evening : wieczór (viehtzoor)
 * night : noc (nohtz)

Clock time
The 12-hour clock is used in informal speech only, the 24-hour clock being used in all other situations. Common date formats are :  25.12.2006 (short: 25.12.06), 25 XII 2006 r and 2006-12-25 (ISO-compliant). Time of day can be expressed with: rano (in the morning), po południu (in the afternoon) and wieczorem (in the evening).

 * today : dziś/dzisiaj (jeesh)
 * yesterday : wczoraj (f-chore-eye)
 * tomorrow : jutro (yoo-troh)
 * this week : w tym tygodniu (f tyhm tyghodnioo)
 * last week : w poprzednim/zeszłym tygodniu (f pohp-shed-neem tyghodnioo)
 * next week : w następnym/przyszłym tygodniu (v nastenpnym tyghodnioo)

 * Monday : poniedziałek (poniedziawehck)
 * Tuesday : wtorek (vtorehck)
 * Wednesday : środa (shrodah)
 * Thursday : czwartek (chvartehck)
 * Friday : piątek (piontehck)
 * Saturday : sobota (sobota)
 * Sunday : niedziela (nyehjehla)

Months

 * January : styczeń (stitshen)
 * February : luty (loot-ay)
 * March : marzec (mazhehtz)
 * April : kwiecień (kviehtziehn)
 * May : maj (mai)
 * June : czerwiec (chehrviehts)
 * July : lipiec (lipiehts)
 * August : sierpień (siehrpiehn)
 * September : wrzesień (vjehciehn)
 * October : październik (pazchiehrnick)
 * November : listopad (listohpaht)
 * December : grudzień (grootziehn)

Writing time and date
6:00 a.m. - 6:00, 6:00 p.m. - 18:00

In formal letters (documents) you should use date in format [dd-mm-yyyy] (e.g. 16.10.2010). In official document headers date is led by name of the place where the document has been created [name of place], [dnia (or short dn.)] [dd-mm-yyyy]  (e.g. Łódź, dnia 16.10.2010). Sometimes you can find a date in the format :  12.10. br. This means 12 (day) 10 (month) bieżącego roku (present year).

Colours

 * black : czarny (char-nay)
 * white : biały (bee-ah-way)
 * gray : szary (sha-ray)
 * red : czerwony (chair-vo-nay)
 * blue : niebieski (nyeh-bee-es-kee)
 * yellow : żółty (zhoh-tay)
 * green : zielony (zhielony)
 * orange : pomarańczowy (po-mar-an-cho-vay)
 * pink : różowy (roo-zho-vay)
 * brown : brązowy (braw-zho-vay)

Languages

 * German : niemiecki (nyemyetskee)
 * English : angielski (anghyelskee)
 * French : francuski (frantsooskee)
 * Spanish : hiszpański (hishpanskee)
 * Italian : włoski (vwoskee)
 * Russian : rosyjski (rhoseeyskee)

Transportation

 * car : samochód, auto (sah-MOH-khoot, AW-toh)
 * taxi : taksówka (tahk-SOOV-kah)
 * bus : autobus (aw-TOH-boos)
 * van : van
 * truck : ciężarówka (chahn-zhah-ROOV-kah)
 * trolley : wózek (VOO-zehk)
 * tram : tramwaj (TRAHM-vai)
 * train : pociąg (POH-chohnk)
 * subway : metro (MEH-troh)
 * ship : statek (STAH-tehk)
 * boat : łódź (wooch)
 * ferry : prom (prohm)
 * helicopter : helikopter (heh-lee-KOHP-tehr)
 * airplane : samolot (sah-MOH-loht)
 * airline : linia lotnicza (LEE-nyah loht-NYEE-chah)
 * bicycle : rower (ROH-vehr)
 * motorcycle : motocykl (moh-TOH-tsihkl); motor
 * carriage (led by horses) : kareta (kah-REH-tah)
 * railway (or tram, metro ) carriage : wagon (Va-gone)

Timetable

 * time table, schedule : rozkład jazdy (ROHZ-kwahd YAHZ-dih) [wheeled], rozkład lotów (ROHZ-kwahd LOH-toov) [by air]
 * route : trasa (TRAH-sah)
 * from where : skąd (skohnt), od (ot)
 * where to : dokąd (dohkont), do (doh)
 * departure : wyjazd (veeyazd), odjazd (odyazd) [wheeled], wylot (veelot), odlot [by air]
 * arrival : przyjazd (pshiyazd) [wheeled], przylot (pzheelot) [by air]
 * hour, time, date : godzina (godz., godzheena), czas (chas), data (dahtah)
 * holidays, Easter : w dzień świąteczny (w dni świąteczne), w święta, w Wielkanoc
 * at night : nocą (nots-oh)
 * stop : przystanek (pshi-STA-neck)
 * station : stacja (stats-ya), dworzec (dvo-zhets)
 * regular connection : kurs osobowy (KURS oh-so-BOH-vih), kurs zwykły (KURS z-WIHK-wih)
 * accelerated connection : kurs pośpieszny (KURS pohsh-PYES-nih)
 * connection : połączenie (po-woh-CHEN-eeh)
 * change : przesiadka (PSHE-syahd-kah)
 * find : wyszukaj, szukaj, znajdź (vih-SHUH-kai, SHUH-kai, znaij)

Bus and train

 * How much is a ticket to _____? : Ile kosztuje bilet do _____? (eeleh koshtooyeh bee-let doh ...)
 * One ticket to _____, please. : Proszę jeden bilet do _____. (prosheh yeh-dehn bee-let doh ...)
 * Where does this train/bus go? : Dokąd jedzie ten pociąg/autobus? (doh-kohnt ye-dzheh tehn pochyonk/aw-toh-boos)
 * Where does the train/bus to _____ depart from? : Skąd odjeżdża pociąg/autobus do _____? (skohnt ohd-yeshch-ah pochyonk/aw-toh-boos doh ...)
 * Does this train/bus stop in _____? : Czy ten pociąg/autobus staje w _____? (chi tehn pochyonk/aw-toh-boos stah-yeah f ...)
 * When does the train/bus for _____ leave? : Kiedy odjeżdża pociąg/autobus do _____? (kyeh-dee ohd-yeshch-ah pochyonk/aw-toh-boos doh ...)
 * What time (when) will this train/bus arrive in _____? : O której (kiedy) ten pociąg/autobus przyjeżdża do _____? (o ktooray (kyeah-dee) tehn pochyonk/aw-toh-boos pshi-yeah-shchah doh ...)
 * domestic : krajowy (krah-yoh-vee)
 * international : międzynarodowy (myen-dzheeh-nah-roh-doh-wee)
 * ticket : bilet (bee-let)
 * check the ticket : kasować bilet (kah-soh-vahch bee-let)
 * reservation : rezerwacja (reh-zehr-vats-yah)
 * 1st (2nd) class : pierwsza/druga klasa (pyer-fshah / droo-gah klah-sah)
 * entrance : wejście (vey-shcheh)
 * exit : wyjście (vy-shcheh)
 * train : pociąg (pochyonk)
 * platform : peron (peh-rohn)
 * track : tor (tohr)
 * train car : wagon (vagone)
 * train compartment : przedział (pshe-dzhahw)
 * place : miejsce (myey-stseh)
 * row : rząd (zhont)
 * place near window : miejsce przy oknie (myey-stseh pshi ok-neeh)
 * for (no) smoking : dla (nie)palących (dlah nye-pahlontsih)
 * sitting place : miejsce siedzące (myey-stseh sye-dzatseh)
 * lying/sleeping place : miejsce leżące/sypialne (myey-stseh lezhontseh/sipyalneh)

Directions

 * How do I get to _____ ? : Jak dostać się do _____ ? (Yak dostach syen do)
 * ...the train station? : ...stacji kolejowej? (STA-tsee ko-leh-YOH-weh)
 * ...the bus station? : ...dworca autobusowego? (DVOR-tsa ow-TO-boos-vay-guh)
 * ...the airport? : ...lotniska? (lot-NEE-ska)
 * ...downtown? : ...centrum? (TSEN-troom)
 * ...the youth hostel? : ...schroniska młodzieżowego? (skhro-NEE-sko mwo-dzje-ZHO-we-guh)
 * ...the _____ hotel? : ...hotelu _____? (ho-TEL-oo)
 * ...American consulate?: amerykańskiego konsulatu? (a-meh-ree-KAN-skje-guh kon-soo-LAH-too)
 * Where are there a lot of... : Gdzie znajdę dużo... (g-DZYEH ZNAY-den DOO-zho)
 * ...hotels? : ...hoteli? (ho-TEL-oo)
 * ...restaurants? : ...restauracji? (rest-aw=RATS-yee)
 * ...bars? : ...barów? (BAR-ov)
 * ...sites to see? : ...miejsc do zwiedzenia? (myesch do zvje-DZEN-yah)
 * ...museums? : ...muzeów? (moo-ZEH-ov)
 * Can you show me on the map? : Czy może pan/pani pokazać mi na mapie? (Chih MOZH-eh PAHN/PAHN-ee po=ka-ZACH mee na MAP-jeh)
 * street : ulica (oo-LEE-tsa)
 * avenue : aleja (ah-LEH-yah)
 * road : droga (DROH-gah)
 * boulevard : bulwar (BOOL-vahr)
 * highway : autostrada (OW-to-stra-duh)
 * place : plac (plahts)
 * round : rondo (RON-do)
 * bridge : most
 * Turn left : Skręć w lewo. (skrech vuh LEH-vo)
 * Turn right : Skręć w prawo. (skrech vuh PRAH-vo)
 * left : lewo (LEH-vo)
 * right : prawo (PRAH-vo)
 * straight ahead : prosto (PROS-to)
 * towards the _____ : w kierunku _____ (vuh kje-ROON-koo)
 * past the _____ : minąć _____ (mee-NOHTCH)
 * before the _____ : przed _____ (pshed)
 * Watch for the _____. : uważaj na _____. (OO-vah-zhay nah)
 * intersection : skrzyżowanie (skshee-zho-VAH-nyeh)
 * north : północ (Pn.) (POHW-nohts)
 * south : południe (Pd.) (po-WOOD-nyeh)
 * east : wschód (Wsch.) (wskhot)
 * west : zachód (Zach.) (za-KHOT)
 * uphill : pod górę (pot gore)
 * downhill : w dół (vuh DOHW)

Taxi

 * Taxi! : Taxi!, Taksówka! (TAHK-see, tahk-SOV-kah)
 * Take me to _____, please. : Proszę mnie zawieźć do ______. (PRO-she mnjeh zav-YEZHTCH do)
 * How much does it cost to get to _____? : Ile kosztuje przejazd do _____? (EE-leh kosh-TOO-yeh pshe-YAHZD do)
 * Take me there, please. : Proszę mnie tam zawieźć. (PRO-she mnjeh tam zav-YEZHTCH)

Lodging

 * Do you have any rooms available? : Czy są wolne pokoje? (Chih so VOL-neh po-KO-yeh)
 * How much is a room for one person/two people? : Ile kosztuje pokój dla jednej osoby/dwóch osób? (EEl-eh kosh-TOO-yeh PO-kooy dlah YED-neh osobih/dvokh o-SOB)
 * Does the room come with... : Czy ten pokój jest z... (Chih ten PO-kooy jest zeh)
 * ...bedsheets? : ...prześcieradłami? (pshe-SHYE-rad-wah-mee)
 * ...a bathroom? : ...łazienką? (wah-ZYEHN-koh)
 * ...a bath? : ...wanną? (VAHN-noh)
 * ...a shower? : ...prysznicem? (prish-NEE-tsem)
 * ...a telephone? : ...telefonem? (te-le-FON-ehm)
 * ...a TV? : ...telewizorem? (te-le-vee-ZOR-ehm)
 * May I see the room (first)? : Czy mogę (najpierw) zobaczyć pokój? (Chih MOH-geh (NAY-pjerw) zo-BAH-tchihch PO-kooy)
 * Do you have anything quieter? : Czy jest jakiś cichszy? (Chih yest YAH-keesh TSIKH-shee)
 * ...bigger? : ...większy? (VYENK-shee)
 * ...cleaner? : ...czystszy? (CHIHST-shee)
 * ...cheaper? : ...tańszy? (TAN-shee)
 * OK, I'll take it. : Dobrze. Wezmę go. (DOB-she VEZ-men go)
 * I will stay for _____ night(s). : Zostanę na _____ noc(e/y). (Zo-STAH-ne nah ____ nots(eh/ih))
 * Can you suggest another hotel? : Czy może pan/pani polecić inny hotel? (Chih MOH-zhuh PAHN/PAHN-ee po-LEH-tsitch EEN-ih hotel)
 * Do you have a safe? : Czy jest tu sejf? (Chih jest too seyf)
 * Where is/are locker(-s)? : Gdzie jest/są szatnia/szatnie? (g-DZYEH jest/so SHAT-nyah/SHAT-nyeh)
 * Is breakfast/supper included? : Czy śniadanie/kolacja jest wliczone? (Chih shnyah-DAH-nyeh/ko-LAH-tsyah vlih-TCHO-neh)
 * What time is breakfast/supper? : O której godzinie jest śniadanie/kolacja? (O KTO-rey godzinye yest hnyah-DAH-nyeh/ko-LAH-tsyah)
 * Please clean my room. : Proszę posprzątać mój pokój. (PRO-she POs-psha-tatch moy PO-kooy)
 * Can you wake me at _____? : Czy może mnie pan/pani obudzić o _____? (Chih MO-zhe mnjeh PAHN/PAHN-ee o-BOO-dzitch o)
 * I want to check out. : Chcę się wymeldować. (Khtse shye vih-MEL-do-vatch)

Money

 * Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? : Czy mogę zapłacić amerykańskimi/australijskimi/kanadyjskimi dolarami? (...)
 * Do you accept credit cards? : Czy mogę zapłacić kartą (kredytową)? (...)
 * Can you change money for me? : Czy mogę wymienić pieniądze? (...)
 * Where can I get money changed? : Gdzie mogę wymienić pieniądze? (...)
 * Can you change a traveler's check for me? : Czy może pan/pani wymienić mi czek podróżny? (...)
 * Where can I get a traveler's check changed? : Gdzie mogę wymienić czek podróżny? (...)
 * What is the exchange rate? : Jaki jest kurs wymiany? (...)
 * Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? : Gdzie jest bankomat? (...)
 * Can you change me this for coins? : Czy może mi pan/pani wymienić to na monety?

Eating

 * eat : jeść (yehshch)
 * food : jedzenie (yeh-DZEN-yeh)
 * A table for one person/two people, please. : Poproszę stolik dla jednej osoby/dwóch osób. (po-PRO-she STO-leek dlaj YED-ney o-SO-bih/DVOKH o-SOB)
 * Can I look at the menu, please? : Czy mogę zobaczyć menu? (Chih MO-ge zo-BA-chihtch ME-nee)
 * Is there a house specialty? : Czy jest specjalność lokalu? (Chih jest spets-YAHL-noshch lo-KAH-lee)
 * I'm a vegetarian. : Jestem wegetarianinem. (Yestem vege-tar-ian-em)
 * I don't eat meat. : Nie jem mięsa. (Nyeh jehm MYEN-sa)
 * Can you make it "lite", please? (less oil/butter/lard) : Czy mogłoby to być podane "dietetycznie" (mniej oleju/masła/smalcu)? (Chih mo-GWO=bih to bihtch po=DAH-ne "DJE-te-tihtch-nyeh" (mnyeh o-LEY-oo/MA-swa/SHMAL-tsoo))
 * fixed-price meal : Table d'hôte (TAH-bluh DOHT)
 * à la carte : z karty, z menu (zeh KAR-tee, zeh ME-nee)
 * breakfast : śniadanie (shnyah-DAHN-yeh)
 * lunch : drugie śniadanie/obiad/lunch (DROO-gjeh shnyah-DAHN-yeh/ob-YAD)
 * dinner : obiad/kolacja(supper) (ob-YAD/ko-LATS-ya)
 * I want _____. : Poproszę _____. (po-PRO-she)
 * I want a dish containing _____. : Poproszę danie z _____. (po-PRO-she DAHN-yeh zeh)
 * chicken : kurczaka (koor-TCHA-ka)
 * beef : wołowiny (vo-wo-WEE-nih)
 * fish : ryby (RIH-bih)
 * ham : szynką (SHIN-koh)
 * sausage : parówką, kiełbasą (pa-ROV-koh, kjew-BA-sa)
 * cheese : serem (SER-em)
 * egg, eggs : jajkiem (YAY-kjem)
 * salad : sałatką (sa-WAT-koh)
 * (fresh) vegetables : (świeże) warzywa ((SHVYEH-zheh) var-ZIH-va)
 * (fresh) fruit : (świeże) owoce ((SHVYEH-zheh) o-VO-tseh)
 * bread : chleb (khleb)
 * bun, roll : bułka (BOOW-ka)
 * toast : tost
 * noodles : makaron (mah-kah-RON)
 * rice : ryż (rihzh)
 * potato : ziemniak (ZJEM-nyak), kartofel (kar-TA-fel)
 * beans : fasola (fa-SO-la)
 * pea : groch, groszek (grokh, GRO-shek)
 * onion : cebula (tse-BOO-la)
 * sour cream : śmietana (SHMYEH-ta-na)
 * red/green pepper : czerwona/zielona paprika (tcher-VO-na/zje-LO-na pa-PREE-ka)
 * May I have a glass of _____? : Poproszę szklankę _____? (po-PRO-she SHKLAN-ke)
 * May I have a cup of _____? : Poproszę kubek _____? (po-PRO-she KOO-bek)
 * May I have a bottle of _____? : Poproszę butelkę _____? (po-PRO-she boo-TEHL-ke)
 * coffee : ...kawy (KAH-vih)
 * tea (drink) : ...herbaty (her-BAH-tih)
 * mint : mięta (MYE-ta)
 * sugar : cukier (TSOO-kyer)
 * juice : sok
 * (bubbly) water : woda (gazowana) (VOH-da (gah-zo-VA-na))
 * beer : piwo (PEE-vo)
 * red/white wine : czerwone/białe wino (tcher-VO-ne/BYA-we VEE-no)
 * May I have some _____? : Czy mogę dostać trochę _____? (Chih MO-ge DO-statch TRO-khe)
 * salt : ...soli? (SO-lee)
 * black pepper : ...pieprzu? (PYEH-pshee)
 * butter : ...masła? (MAS-wa)
 * Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of server) : Przepraszam? (pshe-pra-sham)
 * I'm finished. : Skończyłem. (skon-CHIH-wem)
 * It was delicious. : Było bardzo dobre. (BIH-wo BAR-dzo DO-bre)
 * The bill, please. : Proszę rachunek. (PRO-she ra-KHOO-nek)

Bars

 * A beer/two beers, please. : Piwo/Dwa piwa proszę. (PEE-voh/dvah PEE-vah PROH-sheh)
 * A glass of red/white wine, please. : Kieliszek czerwonego/białego wina proszę. (...)
 * rum : rum (ROOM)
 * water : woda (VOH-da)
 * orange juice : sok pomarańczowy (...)
 * Coke (soda) : Kola (or Cola) (KO-lah)
 * One more, please. : Jeszcze raz proszę. (YESH-cheh ras PROHsheh(n))
 * Another round, please. : Jeszcze jedną kolejkę proszę. (YESH-cheh YED-nohm ko-LEH-keh(n) PROH-sheh)
 * When is closing time? : O której zamykacie? (oh KTOO-ray zah-mih-KAH-tsheh)

Shopping

 * Do you have this in my size? : Czy jest w moim rozmiarze? (tchih yes v MO-eem ros-MIAH-zhe)
 * How much is this? : Ile to kosztuje? (EE-leh toh kosh-TOO-yeh)
 * Price. : Cena. (TSE-na)
 * That's too expensive. : Za drogo. (...)
 * Would you take _____? : Czy weźmiesz _____? (tchih VEZH-mesh)
 * expensive : drogo (...)
 * cheap : tanio (TAH-nyoh)
 * I can't afford it. : Nie stać mnie. (nye statsh mnyeh)
 * I don't want it. : Nie chcę tego. (nye khtseh(n) TEH-goh)
 * I'm not interested. : Nie jestem zainteresowany. (..)
 * OK, I'll take it. : W porządku, biorę. (...f po-ZHOHNT-koo...)
 * Can I have a bag? : Czy mogę dostać siatkę? (chih MOH-geh(n) DO-statch SYOH(N)-tkeh(n))
 * I need... : Potrzebuję... (poh-tscheh-BOO-yeh)
 * ...toothpaste. : ...pastę do zębów. (...)
 * ...a toothbrush. : ...szczoteczkę do zębów. (...)
 * ...soap. : ...mydło. (MOOD-woh)
 * ...shampoo. : ...szampon. (SHAHM-pohn)
 * ...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen) : ...środek przeciwbólowy (na przykład aspirynę lub ibuprofen). (...)
 * ...cold medicine. : ...lekarstwo na przeziębienie. (...)
 * ...stomach medicine. : ...lekarstwo na żołądek. (...)
 * ...a razor. : ...maszynkę do golenia. (...)
 * ...an umbrella. : ...parasol. (...)
 * ...sunblock lotion. : ...krem przeciwsłoneczny. (...)
 * ...a postcard. : ...pocztówkę. (poch-TOOF-keh(n))
 * ...postage stamps. : ...znaczki pocztowe. (...)
 * ...batteries. : ...baterie. (bah-TEH-ryeh)
 * ...writing paper. : ...papier listowy. (...)
 * ...a pen. : ...długopis. (doo-goh-pees)

Driving
Polish street signs are pictograms. There are no 'one way', 'yield', etc. signs written in words.

 * I want to rent a car. : Chciałbym wynająć samochód. (...)
 * Can I get insurance? : Czy mogę dostać ubezpieczenie? (...)
 * stop (on a street sign) : stop
 * one way : ulica jednokierunkowa (yed-noh-kje-roon-KOO-vah)
 * yield : podporządkowana (...)
 * no parking : zakaz parkowania (ZAH-kahz pahr-koh-VAH-nyah)
 * speed limit : ograniczenie prędkości (...)
 * gas (petrol) station : stacja benzynowa (STAH-tsyah behn-zih-NOH-vah)
 * petrol (any kind - in general) : paliwo (pah-LEE-voh)
 * unleaded gasoline : benzyna bezołowiowa
 * diesel : diesel (dee-zehl), olej napędowy (ON), inform. ropa (ROH-pah)
 * motor oil : olej silnikowy

Authority

 * I haven't done anything wrong. : Nie zrobiłem nic złego. (nyeh zroh-BEE-veem neets ZWEH-goh)
 * It was a misunderstanding. : To było nieporozumienie. (toh BIH-wo nye-poh-roh-zoo-MYEH-nyeh)
 * Where are you taking me? : Dokąd mnie zabieracie? (DOH-kohnt mnyeh zah-bieh-RAH-tsyeh)
 * Am I under arrest? : Czy jestem aresztowany? (...)
 * I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : Jestem obywatelem amerykańskim/australijskim/brytyjskim/kanadyjskim. (...)
 * I want to talk to the American embassy/consulate. : Chcę rozmawiać z ambasadą/konsulatem amerykańskim.
 * I want to talk via an English translator. : Chcę rozmawiać przez tłumacza języka angielskiego.
 * Can I just pay a fine now? : Czy mogę po prostu teraz zapłacić karę? (...)

Learning more

 * Course for A1-A2 levels with grammar, dictionary and forum
 * The Polish Forum at UniLang.org
 * A Concise Polish Grammar in PDF (600 KiB)
 * Ivona Speech Synthesizer - text to speech online demo
 * Some useful expressions on Wikibooks with pronunciation records

title: Polish phrasebook


text:
Polk County

Polk County is the name of twelve counties in the United States:

 * Polk County (Arkansas)
 * Polk County (Florida)
 * Polk County (Georgia)
 * Polk County (Iowa)
 * Polk County (Minnesota)
 * Polk County (Missouri)
 * Polk County (Nebraska)
 * Polk County (North Carolina)
 * Polk County (Oregon)
 * Polk County (Tennessee)
 * Polk County (Texas)
 * Polk County (Wisconsin)

title: Polk County


text:
Polk County (Florida)

Polk County is in the Inland region of Florida, occupying the space between Tampa and Orlando.

Understand
Polk County is one of the largest counties in the state by area and has a population of nearly 600,000. The county is a mix of suburban Lakeland, Winter Haven/Auburndale, and Haines City/Davenport areas, several small towns, and large swaths of rural areas. The county was once the leading citrus producer in the state. The county saw a lot of development during the boom in the 2000s decade that included a lot of citrus groves gobbled up. The area around Mulberry has been mined for phosphate since the late 19th century and there are many large phosphate mines visible off State Roads 60 and 37.

Climate
Like most of Florida, summers are hot and humid with scattered thunderstorms each afternoon and winters are mild, punctuated by the occasional cold front bringing rain and colder, drier air. Between early May and late September, daytime highs run over 90°F (32°C) but rarely above 96-97°F (36°C). Nighttime lows during this period are in the mid-70s (°F; around 24°C). The rainy season runs from early-mid June through mid-late September. The humid air heats up, rises and condenses into thunderstorms, which are experienced just about every afternoon during the rainy season. These thunderstorms can sometimes be severe, producing high wind gusts, hail, and occasionally a weak tornado (most are E.F.0 or E.F.1). Lightning is the biggest hazard from these storms and is a major concern when planning outdoor activities.

Winters are mild, with highs averaging around 70°F (21°C) and lows in the low 50s (°F; 10-12°C). Temperatures above 80°F (26°C) are possible. Cold fronts every 10-14 days will typically bring some rain to mark their passing followed by cooler weather for a few days. Temperatures following a cold front can drop into the 50s and 60s (°F; 10-20°C) and lows into the 30s and 40s (°F; 0-10°C). Only a couple nights each year will reach freezing or below (<32°F, <0°C). Spring and Fall are transitional seasons as far as temperatures are concerned. Falls will have the occasional cold front bringing a light rain, while spring (especially April-May) is the driest time of year.

Hurricanes and tropical storms occasionally affect Polk County during Hurricane Season (Jun 1-Nov 30). Each storm is different, so watch the news. Tropical storms will affect the county every couple of years and usually just bring some extra rain and perhaps a few severe thunderstorms. Hurricanes only affect Polk County once or twice a decade and the effects vary from storm to storm. The 2004 hurricane season was unprecedented for Polk County, when the centers of three hurricanes passed through the county: Hurricanes Charley, Frances, and Jeanne. Hurricane Charley was the most powerful, but had a very small wind field for a hurricane, sparing the Lakeland area significant damage, but pummeling Fort Meade, Bartow, Lake Wales, Winter Haven, Haines City, and Davenport with 90-115 mph (150-185 km/h) winds! However, for perspective, these were the first hurricanes since 1960 to pass through the county.

In drier years, spring (until the rainy season begins) is wildfire season. Fog can be an occasional issue in winter months, especially in the Green Swamp area of north-central Polk County, which includes Interstate 4 between Polk City and Davenport.

By plane
Northeastern Polk County is closest to Orlando International Airport, which is one of the nation's busiest airports and the top tourism destination in the U.S. As a result, there are hundreds of flights each day connecting Orlando with destinations big and small nationwide as well as Canada, Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The airport also has one of the largest rental car fleets in the country, with several companies and a wide range of vehicles to chose from. To get to Polk County, exit the South exit from the airport to the Central Florida GreeneWay (S.R. 417), head south ($2.50 in tolls) to get on Interstate 4 heading west (towards "Tampa"). Davenport is about 25 mi, Winter Haven about 40 mi (via U.S. 27), and Lakeland about 55 mi. Polk County Taxi and Airport Shuttle serves Auburndale, Winter Haven, Lake Wales, Haines City, Davenport, Bartow, and parts of Lakeland Florida (+1 863-521-2924). Riding public transportation to Polk County is feasible, but not very practical. The Lynx bus system, which operates throughout Orange and Osceola counties, reaches as far south as Poinciana, with Eastern Polk's W.H.A.T. bus system reaching Poinciana from Haines City. From the airport, take Link 42 (schedule) or Link 111 (schedule) to the Florida Mall and transfer to FastLink 441 (schedule; express route, but operates limited hours M-F only) or Link 4 (schedule) which both travel south to the Osceola Square Mall in Kissimmee. Link 26 (schedule) runs from here to Poinciana, where a transfer to W.H.A.T Route 416 (schedule ) is available, running to Haines City, which has onward connections to the entire W.H.A.T/Citrus Connection bus system in Polk County. Driving or hiring a shuttle are much easier options to reach Polk County from O.I.A.

Lakeland and northwestern Polk County are closer to Tampa International Airport which is served by all major airlines and has flights nationwide and to Canada, the Caribbean, and London. To get to Polk County, follow signs to get onto Interstate 275 East (via a short drive on SR 60/Veteran's Expressway), go past downtown and get on Interstate 4 East. While State Road 60 is a major route across Polk County, it runs through urban areas for about 20-25 mi, including downtown Tampa, between T.I.A. and Polk County. Lakeland is about 35 mi and Winter Haven (via Polk Parkway/S.R. 570 [toll $1.50] & Winter Lake Rd/S.R. 540) is about 55 mi. There is no public transportation to Polk County. There are no airport shuttles/taxis with service to Polk County (as of Dec 2012).

The largest airport in the county, Lakeland Linder Regional Airport is capable of handling scheduled flights, but is not served by any airline. The air taxi operator Atlantic Airlines (+1-800-879-0000) offers air taxi service to 87 airports (list) throughout Florida, including both large airports and smaller municipal airports. Their aircraft accommodate 2 passengers plus their luggage. Flights operate based on demand, not a regular schedule, and can be booked as soon as 4 hours before departure, if aircraft are available, and don't require reaching the airport 2 hours in advance for screening and check-in. The convenience comes at a price, an example one-way fare from Lakeland-Key West is $957 for 1 passenger or $478/person for 2 passengers.

The difference between travel times to reach either airport is about 30 min when traveling from just about every corner of the county (except Davenport and the "Four Corners" area near Disney World, which are much closer to O.I.A.). T.I.A. lies on the west side of downtown Tampa which may be an issue if you're traveling around rush hour, but Tampa traffic often runs smoothly even at 6PM.

General aviation
Polk County is home to 6 airports for general aviation:
 * Bartow Municipal Airport (, located 4 mi northeast of Bartow, off U.S. 17
 * Jack Browns Seaplane Base is a privately owned, public-use seaplane base 3 mi northwest of Winter Haven and close to Auburndale and Lake Alfred. It is connected to Winter Haven's Gilbert Airport by an asphalt taxiway.
 * Lake Wales Municipal Airport is located 2 mi west of Lake Wales
 * Lakeland Linder Regional Airport (, is on the southwest side of Lakeland. It is home to the annual Sun 'n Fun fly-in, airshow, and aviation convention—the second largest such event in the U.S.
 * South Lakeland Airport is a small, turf runway 1 mi south of downtown Lakeland
 * Winter Haven's Gilbert Airport  (also Winter Haven Municipal Airport or Gilbert Field;, is 3 mi northwest of Winter Haven and close to Auburndale and Lake Alfred.

In addition, there is an aviation-focused gated community near Frostproof which operates the Ridge Landing Airpark. It is not for general public use, however. Chalet Suzanne Restaurant and Country Inn in Lake Wales has a turf airstrip for guests to fly-in.

By car
Interstate 4 ("I-4" in local parlance) is the largest highway through the county, passing mostly through rural areas, including the Green Swamp. The freeway passes along the north side of Lakeland and through Polk City and Davenport. The Polk Parkway (Toll S.R. 570) forms a half-circle down through South Lakeland and provides easy access to Bartow (via U.S. 98) and Winter Haven (via S.R. 540/Winter Lake Road) when heading to/from the west. I-4 is well-traveled, but has been widened and improved much in the last decade, so traffic slow downs are not common and a journey from Tampa or Orlando should be quick, easy, and stress-free. On a handful of winter mornings each year, fog is a problem when driving through the Green Swamp between Polk City and Davenport.

U.S. 27 is a busy north south highway, and offers an alternative to the Florida's Turnpike when traveling down the spine of the state. It passes through Frostproof, Lake Wales, Dundee, Haines City, Davenport, and close to Winter Haven suburbs and Legoland. U.S. 27 begins in South Florida, passing through rural citrus and sugar cane fields around Lake Okeechobee and through Sebring. Heading north from Polk County, the highway runs through hilly terrain that was once islands and the first part of Florida to be exposed from the seabed. U.S. 27 crosses Interstate 4 north of Davenport. It parallels the Florida Turnpike north of Clermont in Lake County (halfway between Orlando and Interstate 75/Ocala), then continues through Ocala, Gainesville, and Tallahassee until finally entering Georgia.

State Road 60 runs east-west through the southern half of the county. S.R. 60 leads from the Tampa and Brandon areas in the west through Mulberry, Bartow, and Lake Wales after which it runs for 80 mi through rural areas before reaching Vero Beach on the East coast, also intersecting with the Florida's Turnpike halfway. About 20 mi east of Lake Wales, it is reduced to two lanes with occasional passing lanes and can be a little hectic between tailgaters and slow drivers (speed limit is 60 mph, but the average is a bit higher).

By train
Lakeland and Winter Haven are both stops along the daily AMTRAK Silver Star line running from New York City and Miami. The Silver Star line runs through the Northeast Corridor between New York City-Philadelphia-Washington, D.C. then passes through Richmond, Virginia; Raleigh, North Carolina; Columbia, South Carolina; Savannah, Georgia; and Jacksonville, Orlando, Tampa, and Miami.

Winter Haven is a stop along the daily AMTRAK Silver Meteor line which follows much the same line as the Silver Star, but doesn't serve Tampa and Lakeland in Florida and follows a further east route through the Carolinas, stopping in Fayetteville, North Carolina and North Charleston, South Carolina rather than Raleigh and Columbia.

In the northeastern part of the county, such as for Davenport, the Kissimmee Amtrak Station (Code: KIS; ) in Kissimmee may be a better option to use. In the southeastern corner of the county, such as for Frostproof, the Sebring Amtrak Station (Code:SBG; ) in Sebring may be a better option to use.

By bus
The only commercial bus line serving Polk County is Greyhound, which has one station in Lakeland.

Lynx—the public bus system for Orange and Osceola counties (system map )—reaches as far south as Poinciana, with Eastern Polk's W.H.A.T. bus system reaching Poinciana from Haines City. Link 26 (schedule) runs between Poinciana and Kissimmee. W.H.A.T Route 416 (schedule ) connects Poinciana to Haines City, which has onward connections to the entire W.H.A.T/Citrus Connection bus system in Polk County.

See
Points of interest include the Bok Tower Gardens and Spook Hill in Lake Wales, the Frank Lloyd Wright architecture on the Florida Southern College campus in Lakeland, the Tigers Spring Training also in Lakeland, and the Phosphate Museum in Mulberry.

Nature parks

 * — is a Florida State Park about 10 miles east of Dundee, off US 27. The park offers 6 miles of hiking trails along with 8 miles of equestrian trails; meandering through scrub, sandhill and flatwoods habitats. The preserve's scrub, sandhill, and flatwoods communities are home to numerous rare plants such as scrub morning glory, scrub plum, pygmy fringe tree, and cutthroat grass. They are also home to several protected animal species including Florida scrub-jays, bald eagles, gopher tortoises, and Florida scrub lizards. Visitors can enjoy hiking, wildlife viewing, and horseback riding.

Do

 * Legoland - formerly Cypress Gardens in Winter Haven
 * Fantasy of Flight - Polk City
 * Florida Air Museum/Sun n' Fun - Lakeland

Go next
Polk County is located between Tampa and Orlando and both metropolitan areas are within an hour's drive. Kissimmee and Walt Disney World are both located a short distance out of the county. Many visitors to Disney World stay in the Davenport area.

Polk County is bordered by Lake and Sumter Counties to the north; Pasco and Hillsborough Counties to the west; Highlands and Hardee counties to the south; as well as Osceola and Orange Counties to the east.

title: Polk County (Florida)


text:
Pollachi

Pollachi (Tamil: பொள்ளாச்சி) is a town and a municipality close to the foothills of Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, 40 km south of Coimbatore. It is picture perfect for the nomenclature — Mini Kodambakkam. Though prominently known for cash crops, coconuts and second biggest ‘sandhai’ (market) in the country, the town has now become famous for cinema shootings and consequently a huge tourist attraction. Next to Coimbatore, Pollachi is the leading town in the district and an important commercial centre.

Understand
Tamil is the most prevalent language but basic English is spoken in most tourist places. As it is pretty close to the Kerala border, most business name boards and buses displays Tamil, Malayalam and English languages.

Climate
Due to its proximity to the Western Ghats, Pollachi has a pleasant climate throughout the year. It is one of the very few places in India to enjoy both North-East and South-West Monsoon seasons significantly. Temperature may never exceed 35 °Celsius even during summer.

By air
Coimbatore airport is the nearest international airport to Pollachi - approximately 60 km. International flights from Singapore, Sharjah are available by Scoot, Air Arabia and Srilankan Airlines. Domestic airlines fly from Chennai, Bangalore, New Delhi, Mumbai, Ahmedabad and other Indian cities.

By bus
Pollachi is well connected to coimbatore by government and private buses. The bus frequency is about 3-5 minutes. NH 209 (Dindigul - Palani - Udumalaippettai - Pollachi - Coimbatore - Annur - Satyamangalam - Hasanur up to Karnataka Border) passes through pollachi town and the journey duration is about 45 minutes. Bus fare: ₹17 in ordinary and, ₹23 in express (limited stop) buses.

By train
Pollachi has a cute multi-level railway station. Trains are available to Pollachi from Coimbatore, Udumalaipettai and Palakkad.

By car
Taxis will be the viable option, especially if you are planning to get off now and then, take pictures and enjoy the scenery. Though there are lots of tourist taxis and buses, it may not be easy to find one when movie shootings happen in the town or during peak seasons. It is advisable to book your cab in advance and ask your tour guide or cab driver to pick you from Coimbatore Railway station, Airport, Bus terminal

Do

 * Boating at Aliyar, Amaravathi and Thirumoorthy Dams
 * Elephant Safari/Van Safari in Topslip and Parambikulam
 * Trekking at Topslip, Parambikulam, Valparai
 * Wildlife & Nature Photography

Buy

 * Handicrafts

Drink
Bar available at Sakthi hotel, Vinayaka Hotel and Ramanuja Hotel. All the three bars are near to the bus station.

Connect

 * Police: 223344
 * Ambulance/Fire: 101

Stay safe

 * Don't leave valuable belongings in hotel rooms
 * Don't tease wild animals when you enter national parks, especially lone elephants as they may harm you

Go next

 * Avaleppampatti (Tamil: ஆவலப்பம்பட்டி) is a village located 14 km north-east of Pollachi. Its 2500 inhabitants depend on agricultural works in coconut farms, copra making and coconut products producing industries (coir making). There are 3 temples to see: Avallappampatti Maariyaman temple, Karapadi Kaaliyaman temple and a Sivan temple with three lingams on the same base.
 * Coimbatore
 * Dharapuram
 * Kodaikanal
 * Mettupalayam
 * Munnar
 * Nelliampathy
 * Ooty
 * Palani
 * Palakkad
 * Tirupur
 * Udumalpet
 * Valparai
 * Guruvayur temple

title: Pollachi


text:
Pollença

Pollença is a town in Mallorca, one of Spain's Balearic Islands. Nestled at the feet of the Serra de Tramuntana, the mountain chain along Mallorca's northern coast, it is a very attractive traditional Mallorcan town which is a world away from the package holiday resorts found elsewhere on the island.

Get in
Pollença is in the north-east of the island. You reach it from the Palma - Alcudia highway, the turn to Pollença is some 40 km from Palma and after that you have 7 km by fair road. From the airport, Pollença is reached by taking the Palma direction, taking the first turn off (el Coll d'en Rebassa) and heading for Inca until you hit the Palma-Inca (and on to Port d'Alcudia) highway. After that, see above.

Driving and parking in Pollença is awful. Try to find a parking spot on the lower part of the city where you enter it, and walk from there. Walking is no problem with strollers and wheelchairs in this small town, although the town rises towards El Calvario.

See

 * The Good Friday procession from the church at the top of the hill to the church in town. And on any other day of the year, you should climb the 365 steps from the church in town to the church on the hill. Beautiful view from there. The fourteen stations of the Cross can be followed (reverse) on the narrow road going from the hill down to the main city square.

Do

 * Or walk or run one of the areas several trails, leading to Alcudia, Lluc, Cala Sant Vicenc or nowhere up a hilltop.
 * Mallorca is great for biking, hiking and adventure sports. The latter can be booked through mondaventura.com, which has offices on Plaça Vella. Look for 1st floor banner.
 * Mallorca is great for biking, hiking and adventure sports. The latter can be booked through mondaventura.com, which has offices on Plaça Vella. Look for 1st floor banner.

Buy

 * There is a very good market in the main town square on Sundays.

Food shops

 * Ice cream
 * Bakeries
 * Pasteleria Il Giardino sells good cakes and other pastries. Closed on Mondays.
 * There is also a more typical panaderia on the Plaça Vella. They sell excellent local pastries. Taste their turnovers, their cookies with chocolate filling or their spinach flans.
 * Groceries
 * Groceries

 * Supermarkets
 * There's another supermarket - Suma - on calle de Sant Domingo. It has a basic selection but is easier to get to than Eroski.
 * There's another supermarket - Suma - on calle de Sant Domingo. It has a basic selection but is easier to get to than Eroski.

Restaurants

There are several restaurants worth visiting in Pollença, especially in the streets around the main square. Few are more than good, though, and the ones on the main square are mostly cafés.

Hotels
Pollença has some well regarded hotels for a break, they tend to be smaller than the big resort hotels, and friendlier too. Some of the favourites include La Moraleja, Son Brull Hotel and Spa and Hotel Daina.

Internet access
There's a very helpful internet shop on Calle del Mercat which also has color print available.

Pollenca has its share of Wi-Fi access points, and there's even a wlan network over the town - although information on how to access this is hard to come by.

For public, immdiate use, either look around or use the Emilton café on calle Sant Domingo - it's a typical Spanish cafe with locals and nothing to see. Other places are the youth club Club Formentor and the restaurant next to it on calle Joan Mas/Costa i LLobera. Wi-Fi access is free in these places as long as you eat or drink.

For children

 * Playgrounds are located in calle Sant Domingo and in the NE part of town. The former is covered in trees providing much-needed shade and has a rather big and modern selection of stuff to do for kids.

Go next

 * Port de Pollenca - the nearest beach (it's also a very good beach!)
 * Cala Sant Vicenc - just as close, it consists of 4 small beaches with some okay restaurants attached to them. Great mountain views in the bay, popular with children.
 * Formentor - the beach on the Formentor Peninsula is after the first viewpoint, at a large parking lot (the only one to pass on your way to Cap de Formentor) is also very nice, with all amenities. It seems there's a pier here so boat trips from Alcudia might be available in high season.
 * Alcudia - give the package holiday resort a miss, and head to the Roman ruins around the old town. Or hike the remarkably undeveloped peninsula which has several good trails.
 * Palma de Mallorca - Mallorca's capital, full of things to do, and places to see (the Banys Arabes are fantastic)
 * Soller and Port de Soller - don't drive there directly. Go to Palma and catch the Soller train - the best way to see Mallorca!
 * S'Albufera Natural Park - a fantastic place to come and see the fantastic birdlife that exists on Mallorca.

title: Pollença


text:
Pollock Pines

Pollock Pines is a city in El Dorado County in California's Gold Country.

By car
U.S. Highway 50 passes through Pollock Pines allowing access from Sacramento to the west and Carson City to the east.

title: Pollock Pines


text:
Par

Par (Cornish: An Porth) is in South Cornwall. A village and fishing port at the edge of Par Sands between St Austell and Fowey and half a mile (800 m) from Twywardreath village and nearby to the hamlet of Polmear, at the bottom of Polmear Hill.

In days gone by when there were higher sea levels and less silting up, Polmear had a small quay and a lime kiln. Now the settlement is approx 400 m from the main beach car park on a small river which once may have been a ford at low tide.

Get around
Disabled access to the beach is poor which is made up of sand dunes and a sandy foreshore.

title: Par


text:
Polmont

Polmont is a village five miles east of Falkirk in Stirlingshire in central Scotland. It's mainly a commuter village for Edinburgh and Stirling.

Grangemouth just north is a busy port and petrochemical town, also described on this page.

Understand
Polmont had a population of 5040 in 2020. The name derives from Gaelic Poll-Mhonadh, "pool of the hill", and it was a small farming settlement on the coast-to-coast lowland route. The Romans had marching camps here as they campaigned against the Picts, and later built the Antonine Wall. The railway and the road to Stirling and the Highlands also came this way. Not much happened in Polmont until the 1970s, when it was developed as a commuter town and grew to its present size.

Grangemouth had a population of 16,120 in 2020. It began as a tiny port at the outlet of the Grange Burn, expanding from 1768 when the Forth and Clyde Canal established its east terminus here. As well as canal traffic it handled coal and iron exports from central Scotland, and imports of Scandinavian timber. The harbour was poor compared to Leith, but closer to the mines and foundries and charging lower harbour fees. From mid-19th century Grangemouth handled oil and petrochemicals: the shale-oil industry of West Lothian collapsed once cheap imports arrived from Arabia and Persia, but the workforce had relevant skills. This grubby town also produced most of Scotland's soap. Distillers set up in business, to discover that heating oil and petrol were even more lucrative than whisky.

Grangemouth Refinery was created in 1924 to process Arabian crude oil, and the owners Scottish Oils eventually became part of British Petroleum, nowadays BP. In the 1950s a 58-mile pipeline was built to Finnart on the west coast near Garelochhead. Initially this brought in crude oil from a tanker terminal for refining here, and later a reverse pipe was built for refined exports. In the 1970s Britain developed oil and gas fields in the North Sea, and in 1975 a pipeline opened from Forties offshore oil field to Kinneil near Grangemouth. These assets are nowadays owned by Ineos, which in turn is 50% owned by China. The vast industrial complex dominates town, with its metal towers and flares and snaking pipes. It's in gradual decline as vehicles and other processes switch to electric power.

By plane
Edinburgh Airport (EDI) is 17 miles east. Take the tram to Haymarket then train towards Glasgow for Polmont.

Glasgow Airport (GLA) is 36 miles west, far side of that city. Take the airport bus to Buchanan station then the train from Queen Street towards Edinburgh for Polmont.

By train
Trains from Edinburgh run every 15 min via Haymarket and Linlithgow to Polmont (25 min) and continue west via Falkirk High or Grahamston to Glasgow Queen Street (another 35 min). Trains from Edinburgh to Stirling and Dunblane don't stop in Polmont, change at Falkirk Grahamston.

is half a mile south of the village centre and two miles from Grangemouth. It has a staffed ticket office and machines, toilets and a waiting room. There are steep ramps from Station Road to both platforms.

By road
From Edinburgh follow M9, from Glasgow follow M80 onto M876 then M9. Use Jcn 4 for Polmont village, Jcn 5 for the hotel strip and Jcn 6 for Grangemouth.

Cyclists can use the canal towpath from Edinburgh or Glasgow.

By bus
Scottish Citylink Bus 909 runs every two hours from Edinburgh, taking an hour via the airport and Bo'ness to Grangemouth, and continuing to Stirling and Bridge of Allan. From Glasgow take the bus to Falkirk and change.

Bus 978 from Edinburgh calls at Grangemouth towards 6PM and heads north to Stirling, Doune, Callander, Crianlarich, Tyndrum, Lochawe, Taynuilt and Oban.

The intercity bus stop in Grangemouth is Newlands Garage, on A905 Beancross Rd midway between Jcn 5 and Jcn 6 of M9.

First Bus 1 runs every 30 min from Dunipace to Falkirk, Polmont station and Linlithgow.

McGill's Bus F25 runs every two hours from Falkirk to Polmont (30 min) and Maddiston.

By boat
The Union Canal courses from Edinburgh via Linlithgow to Polmont and Falkirk. The Forth-Clyde Canal courses from Glasgow via Kilsyth to Falkirk and the tidal River Carron near Grangemouth. They're navigable by small boats throughout and Falkirk Wheel lifts boats between the two canals.

Grangemouth Docks are busy with freight but never had ferries. The nearest marina for overnight mooring is Port Edgar in South Queensferry.

Get around
Taxi firms include Kerse Cabs (+44 1324 464999), Tartan Line (+44 800 756 3004) and Gordons (+44 1324 911442).

See

 * is Romanesque, completed in 1845. Within the churchyard is the ruin of its predecessor, built 1731-33.
 * can be seen locally at the north end of Polmont Woods, with a ditch and embankment; access is by Smiddy Brae off the Polmont-Bo'Ness road. Little remains of the eastern sections of this Roman coast-to-coast defence, built 140-142 AD. There are other traces west of Falkirk, but see Kilsyth for the best preserved sections and the history of the wall.
 * is a brownfield re-wilded as a wetland nature reserve. It's free, but closed since Sept 2022.
 * are two huge horse-head sculptures by M9 at the edge of Grangemouth, see Falkirk.
 * Grangemouth is an uninspiring late 20th century town with the oil refinery looming over it.
 * is a ruin all the more sorry for its surroundings, the brownfield site of a former brickworks. Formerly called Haining Castle, it's an L-plan tower house built in the 1470s; it was extended in the 16th century but those additions have been lost. The owners backed the Jacobites in 1715 so the castle was forfeited to the crown and abandoned. It's been teetering on the edge of collapse ever since so don't get close, one sneeze could dislodge a brick from the barrel-vault roof and bring the entire edifice down on you.

Do

 * Grangemouth Sports Complex on Abbotts Rd has a gym, fitness classes and pool.
 * Union Canal approaches from Linlithgow, soaring over the Avon Aqueduct to run south side of the railway. It continues west to plunge through the spooky Falkirk Tunnel and eventually reach the Wheel. It's navigable and has a firm towpath for walking and cycling.
 * is open Mar-Oct for fly-fishing.
 * Union Canal approaches from Linlithgow, soaring over the Avon Aqueduct to run south side of the railway. It continues west to plunge through the spooky Falkirk Tunnel and eventually reach the Wheel. It's navigable and has a firm towpath for walking and cycling.
 * is open Mar-Oct for fly-fishing.

Buy

 * Polmont's main shopping area is Polmont Cross, with a supermarket, coffee shop, newsagent, butchers, laundry, fast-food takeaway and pub.
 * Grangemouth ASDA is open 24 hours.

Eat

 * Grangemouth has Abbotsinch and Oxgang Kitchen 100 yards east of Leapark Hotel. By the docks roundabout are one Indian and two Chinese takeaways but no dine-ins.
 * Grangemouth has Abbotsinch and Oxgang Kitchen 100 yards east of Leapark Hotel. By the docks roundabout are one Indian and two Chinese takeaways but no dine-ins.
 * Grangemouth has Abbotsinch and Oxgang Kitchen 100 yards east of Leapark Hotel. By the docks roundabout are one Indian and two Chinese takeaways but no dine-ins.

Drink

 * The Dundas at Grangemouth Docks roundabout is a lively place open M-Sa 12:00-00:00, Su 10:00-22:00.
 * Black Bull (see Eat) and Claremont Inn are on Polmont Main St.
 * Falkirk Distillery laid down their first whisky in late 2020, so it will go on sale in the run-up to Christmas 2023. They're behind the Premier Inn, no tours.

Sleep

 * Premier Lodge: see Falkirk for this hotel at M9 jcn 6.
 * Helix Hotel is a basic place on Kerse Rd half a mile west of the Leapark.
 * Beancross Farm Hotel and Oyo Metro Inn are next to Travelodge.
 * Weedingshall Lodges are glamping pods open all year on Old Edinburgh Rd behind the Premier Inn. Pod £160 / night.
 * Beancross Farm Hotel and Oyo Metro Inn are next to Travelodge.
 * Weedingshall Lodges are glamping pods open all year on Old Edinburgh Rd behind the Premier Inn. Pod £160 / night.
 * Beancross Farm Hotel and Oyo Metro Inn are next to Travelodge.
 * Weedingshall Lodges are glamping pods open all year on Old Edinburgh Rd behind the Premier Inn. Pod £160 / night.

Connect
As of Aug 2022, Polmont, Grangemouth and their approach roads have 4G from all UK carriers, and you might get 5G with O2.

Go next

 * Falkirk nearby has remains of the Roman Antonine Wall, but is best known for its ingenious Wheel, a boat-life connecting its canals.
 * Linlithgow has an attractive medieval castle.
 * Bo'ness is a small town with a heritage steam railway.

title: Polmont


text:
Polog

Polog (Macedonian: Полог, Albanian: Pollog) is a region in the northwestern corner of North Macedonia, bordering Kosovo to the north and Albania to the west.

People
Polog is made up of nine municipalities. Over 300,000 people live in the region, making it the country's second-largest after Skopje. It is the only one of the eight regions in North Macedonia in which ethnic Macedonians do not form a majority of the population; ethnic Albanians makeup nearly three-quarters of Polog. The municipalities of Bogovinje, Brvenica, Gostivar, Tearce, Tetovo, Vrapčište, and Želino have large Albanian majorities with varying degrees of Macedonian and Turkish minorities. Jegunovce and Mavrovo and Rostuša municipalities have slight Macedonian majorities.

Most of the region is rural, however two of North Macedonia's larger cities, Tetovo and Gostivar, are located in Polog.

See

 * Aside from breathtaking nature, Mavrovo National Park is also home to some of the most picturesque villages in the Balkans. Galičnik may be the best-known village in North Macedonia due to its well-preserved architecture and the annual Galičnik Wedding occurring in July. Lazaropole is also well-known, especially for the Church of St George and its frescoes. Historic Janče sits high up, across a valley from the Monastery of St John Bigorski.
 * The Monastery of St John Bigorski, within Mavrovo National Park, may be the most important landmark in Polog. It was established roughly one thousand years ago, though it got its present look in the 16th century. One of its most valuable treasures is its wood-carved iconostasis.
 * The Ottoman heritage of Tetovo, the region's largest city, is visible in the uniquely decorated Šarena Džamija, the Arabati Baba Tekje, the best surviving Bektashi Tekje in Europe, the ruined Tetovo Fortress, and the Bey's Hamam.
 * The village of Vrutok, near Gostivar, is home to the source of the Vardar, North Macedonia's most important river.

title: Polog


text:
Polokwane

Polokwane (Place of Safety) is a city of 130,000 people (2011) in South Africa. It is the capital of the Limpopo Province. It is South Africa's largest urban centre north of Gauteng. It used to be known as Pietersburg.

By plane
The Polokwane International Airport is in the city and has multiple flights daily to and from Johannesburg. The main airline servicing the airport is South African Airways.

The airport is north of the city centre as is accessible via Landdros Mare Street (R101). There are multiple car rental agencies within the airport and this is generally the best way to get around town. There are metered cabs as well.

Just south of the city is the Gateway Airport, primarily a business and general aviation airport. It is also known as the Polokwane Civil Airport.

By car
Take the N1 highway north from Johannesburg through Pretoria and on. Have cash at hand for the toll gates. You also might need to stop at a fuel station to refill fuel on the way.

By train
The Shosholoza Meyl, South Africa’s intercity rail service, operates a daily service (except Saturday) between Johannesburg, Pretoria and Polokwane. The train station is near the city centre on the corner of Hospital and Silicon Streets.

By bus
Translux, Greyhound, SA Roadlink, City to City have buses to Johannesburg and the Zimbabwe border. The bus fare to Polokwane from Johannesburg with City to City is around R180. Tickets can be booked via Computicket.

There are also minibus taxis from Pretoria, Johannesburg, Mbombela and Musina. They are generally not considered to be safe.

Get around
Polokwane was a city built for the car and so public transport, as in most South African cities, is extremely limited. Construction has started on the Polokwane Integrated Rapid Public Transport System (IRPTS) but won't be complete or available to the public for quite some years still.

title: Polokwane


text:
Polonnaruwa

Polonnaruwa is a city in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka.

Understand
The second most ancient of Sri Lanka's kingdoms, Polonnaruwa was first declared the capital city by King Vijayabahu I in the 11th century CE and maintained its status until the 13th century. In 1982 the ancient city of Polonnaruwa was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. What's nice about Polonnaruwa is that the ruins are in one compact area so you can visit them quite easily. Just one three wheeler ride from where you're staying to the entrance and you can walk about them all day long. If you don't have a lot of time and have to make a choice, the ruins at Polonnaruwa are much better presented and more interesting than the often repetitious ruins of Anuradhapura. There are only so many stupas you can see before you have "seen them all".

Get in
Polonnaruwa is 216 km or 134 miles from Colombo and 66 km east of Dambulla. To travel there, there are several options.

By plane

 * FitsAir from Colombo-Ratmalana ,
 * Millennium Airlines from Colombo-Ratmalana,
 * Cinnamon Air from Colombo-Bandaranaike, Batticaloa, Trincomalee

By car
Car is the easiest. Any taxi service (+94 11 2556 556 or +94 11 2818 818 are two numbers of cab companies you can call) will charge you around LKR 30 per km (approx LKR 13,000 roundtrip) (as of mid 2007). Make sure you ask for a Nissan Sunny or Toyota Corolla or you might be sent a less comfortable car. The advantage is that you will sit in air conditioned luxury all the way to Polonnaruwa and the road is quite nice with plenty of greenery along the way. The old, massive trees tend to shade into the road once you leave the urban areas, creating a canopy effect. Trip is five to six hours inclusive of breaks for food and shopping (although shopping along the way is just overpriced and not recommended).

By train
Train travel is quite cheap: you'll that find the three wheeler ride to the train station costs about as much. You get on the train to Trincomalee at Colombo Fort station, connect in Gal Oya and you're in Polonnaruwa. The train leaves at 6.15 am and will take a good part of a day there is no air conditioning but the windows can open. No train runs to/from Anuradhapura.

By bus
From Colombo - Buses also leave from Colombo Fort but from a slightly different location. Take the intercity to Polonnaruwa. With luck and blessings from whatever deity you subscribe to, you should arrive in Polonnaruwa in six to eight hours.

From Anuradhapura - Direct bus from the Anuradhapura bus station in New Town runs throughout the day and the distance from Anuradhapura to Polonnaruwa is some 100 km and the bus trip will take three hours.

From Kandy - The 150 km bus trip takes 4,5 hours. Makes a stop in Dambulla (a bit less than 2 hours from Dambulla to Polonnaruwa).

The Polonnaruwa Bus Station is situated 4 km to the east of the main attractions, so if your hotel is around there ask to be dropped somewhere closer (Clock Tower for example).

Get around
Bicycles are the best way to get around. Most guest houses will rent out bikes. All the sights in the old town are located next to each other so you can cover all of them easily using a bicycle in one day.

See
Just north of present-day Polonnaruwa town, 140km (90 miles) north of Kandy, are the ruins of ancient Polonnaruwa, which date from the late 10th century, when the Chola kings of southern India invaded Sri Lanka and conquered Anuradhapura.
 * Alahana Pirivena Complex - Buddhist temples
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)
 * Alahana Pirivena Complex - Buddhist temples
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)
 * Alahana Pirivena Complex - Buddhist temples
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)
 * Alahana Pirivena Complex - Buddhist temples
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)
 * Alahana Pirivena Complex - Buddhist temples
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)
 * Alahana Pirivena Complex - Buddhist temples
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)
 * Alahana Pirivena Complex - Buddhist temples
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)
 * Alahana Pirivena Complex - Buddhist temples
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)
 * Alahana Pirivena Complex - Buddhist temples
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)
 * Alahana Pirivena Complex - Buddhist temples
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)
 * Topa Wewa Lake and the Parakrama Samudra (the Sea of Parakrama)

The 1-day entrance fee is 25 USD (March 2018). Unfortunately, the round trip tickets for the cultural triangle (50 USD) are no longer available. South Asian nationals receive substantial discounts of USD 15 on entrance fees, Therefore, if you have a South Asian passport, make sure to carry it with you on your visits.

Do
In this area, you can find plenty of wildlife reserves. Try to find a guide and visit places like Minneriya National Park, Kawudulla

Eat
Avoid eating from places where they sell the food in open markets. Do not go to places that need to have touts on the streets out and where you cannot see inside the restaurant from the street.

Sleep
There are plenty of budget hotels and guest houses to stay at in the new town. Prices start at Rs 1,500 to 2,000 per person for a night.

Stay safe
Don't even think of sleeping on the grass, due to the risk that you will get a bite from a venomous snake or insect.

Go next

 * Dambulla located 67 km west of Polonnaruwa
 * Batticaloa located on east cost of Sri Lanka
 * Knuckles Mountain Range

title: Polonnaruwa


text:
Polperro

Polperro (Cornish: Porthpyra) is a picturesque town on the coast of South Cornwall.

Understand

 * Polperro visitor information

By car
A very tight valley with just one road in and out. The road is for authorised vehicles only and so the general public must park in the pay-and-display parking lot at the top of the village. It is expensive and very busy during high season. As of Easter 2022 it will cost £6 for up to 3 hours and can only be paid with coins. The walk from the car park to the small harbour is 1km with a bit of a slope to climb on the way back.

By bus
Park in Looe and take the bus that leaves from in front of the doctor's surgery.

On foot
From Looe take the well marked coastal path. It's a lovely 8km walk, taking about an hour to two depending on speed. However the steep climb out of Polperro may prove problematic for some.

Get around
The walk into town from the parking lot is not very steep and takes 10 minutes. If walking is not your thing, there's a horse and cart or converted milk float "tram" that will take you there and back for £1.50 (75p one way).

See
There are a couple of art galleries on the walk from the car park to the harbour that may be worth a visit.The coastpath to the nearby town of Looe also makes a pleasant walk on a summer's day.

Do
Sea trips from the harbour. There have been plenty of sightings of basking sharks just off Polperro Harbour and the converted fishing boats do 30 minute round trips to see them if they are around.

Walk the coast path towards Talland Bay and Looe. When leaving Polperro following Ruebens Walk down the cliff will take you to Spy House Point with great views along the coast and the miniature Spy Point lighthouse.

Buy
In the village centre you will find the usual array of touristy goods and souvenirs that you would find in any seaside town in Cornwall.

Go next

 * Looe: harbour town at the mouth of the East and West Looe rivers.

title: Polperro


text:
Poltava

Poltava (Ukrainian: Полтава) is a city in Central Ukraine, administrative center of Poltavs'ka oblast (Poltava region), medium-sized city (population just over 300,000).

Understand
Poltava is also called a cultural capital because of its colourful history and many famous Ukrainians who were born in Poltava. Native citizens often follow this idea, being proud of their city and calling it "a city where one wants to live in". There are many sites of architecture, museums, universities, elementary schools, cinemas, theatres and so on. Apart from that, city is often referred as "green" as there are many parks, gardens and other recreational areas. The municipal administration has been cleaning up the city centre clear and making it look more like a European city than a Soviet one.

In the 1709 battle of Poltava, Russian czar Peter the Great defeated Swedish king Charles XII (see Swedish Empire). In the following treaties, Russia annexed most Swedish territories east of the Baltic Sea including Saint Petersburg, marking the rise of the Russian Empire as a great power.

Languages spoken are Russian and Ukrainian (the latter is official and first is more widely spoken). However most people understand and are able to speak both. English isn't widely known, but many people (especially young people) would make their best attempt to understand you. Some people you talk to are quite fluent in English (or German, French), as these languages have been studied at school.

Get in
Train and bus are the only reasonable ways to get to Poltava (unless you have your own car), and ticket price is roughly equal.

By train
Four railway lines coming out west, east, south and southeast from Poltava. Usually there would be a few trains per day to your selected destination, see the website of Ukrzaliznytsia (Ukrainian railways) for timetable and ticket prices.

By bus
Bus connection with other cities is fine, especially along E40 road (Poltava is midway between Kyiv and Kharkiv): buses usually arrive/depart every hour or a few. It will take you 5 hours to get from Kyiv or 3 hours from Kharkiv. There are a few different carriers on these routes:
 * Avtolux, Günsel bus service, which provide more comfortable buses, and cost a bit more (from Kyiv - up to 100 грн).
 * National and various private bus services. Some of them have less comfortable buses (e.g. old Ikarus), for cheaper price. Other are more comfortable, though ticket price is somewhat 20-25% higher. Station charge included in ticket price.
 * Shuttle-bus services, which use Mercedes Sprinter or similar. (Don't confuse them with "marshrutka" which is city transportation, never mind localscan call both a marshrutka). They stay in the middle in terms of passenger's comfort, however are faster (4½ hours from Kyiv, 2½ hours from Kharkiv). You can find these minibuses standing at railway stations or (even better) reserve places by phone (see advertisements at bus/train station), optionally a day or a few in advance. Be sure to find your minibus in at least 10-15 minutes before departure, because your reservation may be cancelled. Then pay money directly to driver, he would write down your surname (as no tickets are usually provided). As of September 2010, it costs around 85 грн from Kyiv.

By car
Poltava has fine road connection in most directions: west (E40 to Kyiv), east (E40 to Kharkiv), southwest (E577 to Kremenchuk), north (to Hadyach), northeast (to Kotel'va and Russian boundary) and southeast (to Krasnograd, connection with E105 Moscow-Kharkiv-Simferopol road). Do not go along other minor roads indicated on the map unless you know it's fine (otherwise you may experience bad road quality or get lost somewhere in a rural area).
 * From Kyiv: 330 km single/dual carriageway, of average quality, however seems to be intensively improving (as of October 2010)
 * From Kharkiv: 140 km single/dual carriageway, of average quality. Be careful not to exceed the speed limits, as there are some hazardous parts.
 * From south: go along E105 road to Krasnograd, turn left to Poltava, then after ~60 km of straight road you'd reach E40 and turn left to Poltava again.
 * From southwest (Kremenchuk): 110 km along E577, single carriageway, including some hazardous areas (e.g. limited visibility, narrow bridges, railway level crossing).
 * From north, NW, NE: prefer a straight north-south road across Opishne and Dykan'ka - average quaily single carriageway. Other road (NE-SW direction) from Kotel'va to Poltava is in worse condition and crosses many villages.

Get around
It would be a good idea to have an acquaintance with a bilingual local person who will give you advice on how & where to go around Poltava. But if you don't have one, you can ask for help at local English-speaking message board en.poltavaforum.com

Most of city transport operates between 06:00 and 22:00 on major routes, and only until 20:00-21:00 to suburbs. During other hours from this, take a taxi.

There are crowded routes, where you may not be able to get a seat. During rush hours (06:00-09:00, 17:00-18:00 and possibly throughout the day on suburb routes) you may loss up to 1 hour of your time due to municipal transport being filled up. On suburban routes and during holidays or other celebrations, serious delays are likely. In trolleys, buses and marshrutkas you pay a single fixed price for each trip at each vehicle, no matter how far away you go (within city limits).

By foot
Poltava is relatively small city, where it is possible to cross it one border to another in 1½ hours. If you're walking around down-town & historical centre, you are 30 min away from any destination within it. So if you know where to go across centre, you may not use transport at all. However, for safety reasons, don't walk by foot to distant suburbs, if you don't know your way or if it is late evening/night.

Bear in mind that the Lower City (Podol/Podil, Russian: Подол, Ukrainian: Поділ) near Vorskla river and Pivdenna Train Station is situated really deep down, so walking up to the train station can be very tiresome.

By public transport
Poltava has a convenient public transport system:

Single ride tickets in trolleybuses cost 10 грн, in buses — 12 грн, in marshrutkas — 10-12 грн.
 * 9 trolleybus routes
 * 14 bus routes
 * 34 marshrutka routes

Schedules are available on rozklad.in.ua (in Ukrainian).

You can also check information about public transport on EasyWay and Google Maps.

By trolley
There are 11 trolley routes across the city. This is the cheapest kind of transport, however particularly slow and often crowded, sometimes delayed. Ticket costs 1 грн, paid to a conductor, who will ask you soon after you enter the trolley.
 * Route 1 goes directly between two railway station - Kyivsky & Pivdenny vokzal.
 * Route 15 ("Кільцевий") goes round across the city, connecting downtown with main residential districts and the bus station (Avtovokzal).

By taxi
Taxi is the easiest way of getting around the city. Some popular taxi companies include:

Museums

 * There are many other museums, mainly dedicated to famous writers and cultural workers
 * There are many other museums, mainly dedicated to famous writers and cultural workers
 * There are many other museums, mainly dedicated to famous writers and cultural workers
 * There are many other museums, mainly dedicated to famous writers and cultural workers
 * There are many other museums, mainly dedicated to famous writers and cultural workers
 * There are many other museums, mainly dedicated to famous writers and cultural workers
 * There are many other museums, mainly dedicated to famous writers and cultural workers

Do

 * Watch football ie soccer at FC Vorskla Poltava, who play in the Premier League, the top tier of Ukrainian football. Their home ground is Oleksiy Butovskyi Vorskla Stadium, capacity 25,000, just north of city centre.
 * Watch football ie soccer at FC Vorskla Poltava, who play in the Premier League, the top tier of Ukrainian football. Their home ground is Oleksiy Butovskyi Vorskla Stadium, capacity 25,000, just north of city centre.
 * Watch football ie soccer at FC Vorskla Poltava, who play in the Premier League, the top tier of Ukrainian football. Their home ground is Oleksiy Butovskyi Vorskla Stadium, capacity 25,000, just north of city centre.

Go next
Nyzhnosulskyy National Park] and Pyriatyn National Natural Park
 * Dnipro
 * Kyiv
 * Kharkiv
 * Lubny three hours by bus. Tha main sight here Savior-Transfiguration Monastery Mgar. Also good base to visit [http://nppns.at.ua/
 * Myrhorod three hours by train or bus. Enjoy the Resort Myrhorod (Миргородкурорт) and the Ukrainan rural town charm

title: Poltava


text:
Polynesia

Polynesia is the most far-flung, easterly region of Oceania.

Countries and territories
Polynesia is comprised of the following island nations:

Polynesia includes smaller overseas territories of larger nations, including:

And it includes the following tiny U.S. territories with no local populations, mainly used for scientific and military purposes:

New Zealand is also often considered part of Polynesia both culturally and historically, however, Wikivoyage covers New Zealand under its own separate page.

Cities

 * — principal city of Samoa
 * — the capital of Tuvalu
 * — the largest city of Hawaii
 * ー largest city of American Samoa
 * ㅡ largest city of French Polynesia.
 * ㅡ the largest city and capital of Tonga

Other destinations

 * — the classic picture postcard of a palm tree fringed tropical island with turquoise waters, in the Cook Islands.
 * — a small island in the Cooks with caves, birds and bush beer
 * — the most beautiful lagoon of French Polynesia, but incredibly pricey.
 * — a small island in Tonga, home to some of the best rainforests in Polynesia
 * — home to 3 active volcanoes
 * — the largest coral atoll in the world and an off the beaten track destination
 * — budget alternative to Bora Bora with beautiful scenery.
 * — group of more than 50 islands in Tonga, a common destination for yachters.
 * ㅡ the largest island in Polynesia outside of Hawaiʻi and New Zealand. Covered in dense tropical rainforest.

Understand
Polynesia comes from the Greek words "Poly" and "Nēsos" meaning "many islands".

Historically, Polynesia was famous for its seafaring traditions where people used canoes to navigate the seas by using stars and other signs that came from the ocean and sky. Polynesians are Austronesians, as are most Malays, Indonesians and Filipinos. Their migration into the region started before 1000 BCE.

Talk
There are many indigenous Polynesian languages spoken, sometime known as the Oceanic languages, a branch of the Austronesian language family. Additionally English is widely spoken in Polynesia, French in much of the rest, and Spanish on Easter Island.

Get in
Compared to the rest of Polynesia, Hawaii has excellent connections from mainland North America plus many flights from East Asia. The southern parts usually have flights from New Zealand, Fiji and/or Australia. Easter Island is connected to mainland Chile and French Polynesia to Paris via Los Angeles.

Get around
Most travelers get around by plane here. The alternative is cruising on small craft.

See
There are a couple of world heritage sites in Polynesia:

 * Rapa Nui National Park made up of the Easter Island with its famous monolithic statues (moai).
 * Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the Big Island of Hawaii.
 * Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument consisting of atolls northwest of Hawaii.
 * The Phoenix Islands Protected Area in Kiribati, world's largest marine protected area.
 * Henderson Island, the largest of the Pitcairn Islands, with many endangered bird species.

Stay healthy
Take precautions against mosquito bites, as there have been outbreaks of dengue, chikungunya and Zika virus in the 2010s in the tropical countries.

Go next

 * Australia
 * Melanesia ㅡ the island group west of Polynesia
 * Micronesia — to the northwest of Polynesia
 * New Zealand

title: Polynesia