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Pashto phrasebook

Pashto (پښتو, also transliterated Pukhto or Pushtu) is an East Iranic Indo-European language spoken natively by about 50 million people. It is one of the official languages of Afghanistan and a regional language in West and Northwest Pakistan. In the days of the British Raj, Pashto speakers were referred to in English as Pathans.

Most of the phrases are written as they would be pronounced by people living in the area around Paktia, Logar, Kabul and Nangarhar. But if you travel south or east (towards Kandahar or Pakhtunkhwa), the regional dialects change certain speech sounds.

Vowels
ə [ه ,ۀ ,زورکى]
 * a central neutral vowel, like 'a' in "above"

a [ه ,زبر]
 * like 'u' in "hut"

aa [ا]
 * like 'a' in "far"

i [زېر ,ي]
 * like 'ee' in "see"

ē [ې]
 * like 'e' in "bed"

u [پېش ,و]
 * like 'oo' in "food"

o [و]
 * like 'o' in "more"

ay [ى]
 * similar to 'y' in "my". In eastern areas e.g. Swat, it sounds like /eh/

əi [ئ ,ۍ]
 * similar to 'ay' in "play"

Consonants
b [ب]
 * like 'b' in "bed"

ch [چ]
 * like 'ch' in "chair"

ts [څ]
 * like 'z' in German "zehn" (Similar to 'ts' in "boots".)

d [د]
 * similar to 'd' in "do" (But it is softer, and the flat of the tongue makes contact with the roof of the mouth, not the tip of the tongue as in English.)

dd [ډ]
 * like 'rd' in Swedish "nord" (It's a thick D pronounced with the tongue tip curled back.)

f [ف]
 * like 'f' in "film"

g [ګ ,ږ]
 * like 'g' in "girl"

gh [غ]
 * similar to 'r' in French "écrire" (It's spoken in the throat.)

h [ح ,ه]
 * like 'h' in "honey"

j [ج]
 * like 'j' in "job"

dz [ځ]
 * like 'z' in Italian "zero" (Similar to 'ds' in "kids".)

k [ق ,ک]
 * like 'k' in "skin"

kh [خ]
 * like 'ch' in German "Kuchen" (It's spoken in the throat.)

k'h [ښ]
 * like 'ch' in German "dicht" and 'h' in English "hue"

l [ل]
 * like 'l' in "look"

m [م]
 * like 'm' in "moon"

n [ن]
 * like 'n' in "noon"

nn [ڼ]
 * like 'rn' in Swedish "garn" (It's a thick N pronounced with the tongue tip curled back.)

p [ف ,پ]
 * like 'p' in "spin"

q [ق]
 * like 'q' in "Quran"

r [ر]
 * like 'r' in "rose"

rr [ړ]
 * thick R pronounced with the tongue tip curled back, similar to 'l' in Swedish/Norwegian "blad"

s [ص ,ث ,س]
 * like 's' in "sun"

sh [ش]
 * like 'sh' in "shine"

t [ط ,ت]
 * similar to 't' in "stem" (But it is softer, and the flat of the tongue makes contact with the roof of the mouth, not the tip of the tongue as in English.)

tt [ټ]
 * like 'rt' in Swedish "karta" (It's a thick T pronounced with the tongue tip curled back.)

w [و]
 * like 'w' in "wise"

y [ي]
 * like 'y' in "yet"

z [ض ,ظ ,ذ ,ز]
 * like 'z' in "zoo"

zh [ژ]
 * like 's' in "pleasure"

Basics

 * Hello: سلام عليکم [salaam alaykum] (sa-LAAM a-leh-kum)
 * — response: وعليکم سلام [walaykum salaam] (wa-LEH-kum sa-laam)

Below, (а) is for feminine:
 * Hello (informal): سلام [salaam] (sa-LAAM), or: په خير [pə khayr] (pe KHEHR)
 * How are you?: څنګه يې؟ [tsənga yē?] (TSENG-ga yeh?)
 * Fine, thank you: ښه يم، مننه [k'hə yəm, manəna] (KHE yem, ma-NE-na)
 * What is your name?: ستاسو نوم څه دى؟ [staaso num tsə day?] (STAA-soh noom TSE dai?)
 * My name is ______: زما نوم ___ دى [zamaa num ____ day] (za-MAA noom ____ dai)
 * Nice to meet you: په ليدو مو خوشحال(ه) شوم [pə lido mo khushaal(a) shwum] (pe lee-DOH moh khoo-SHAAL(a) shwum)
 * — response: زه هم خوشحال(ه) شوم [zə ham khushaal(a) shwum] (ze HAM khoo-shaal(a) shwum)

 * Please: مهرباني وکئ [mēhrabaani wukəi] (meh-ra-baa-NEE wu-kei)
 * Thank you: ډېره مننه [ddēra manəna] (DDEH-ra ma-NE-na)
 * You're welcome: هر کله [har kəla] (HAR ke-la); lit. "at whatever time"
 * Yes: هو [ho] (WOH)
 * No: نه [na] (NA)
 * Excuse me (getting attention): وبخښئ [wubak'həi] (WU-ba-khei)
 * Excuse me (begging pardon): وبخښئ [wubak'həi] (WU-ba-khei)
 * I'm sorry: بخښنه غواړم [bakhk'həna ghwaarrəm] (ba-KHE-na ghwaa-rrem)
 * Goodbye: په مخه مو ښه [pə məkha mo kha] (pe ME-kha moh KHA)
 * — or: د خداى په امان [da khwdaay pə amaan] (da khw-DAAY pe a-MAAN)

 * I can't speak Pashto [well]: زه په پښتو [سمې] خبرې نه شم کولى [zə pə puk'hto [samē] khabərē nə shəm kawulay] (ze pe pukh-TO [SA-meh] kha-BE-reh NE shem ka-wu-lai)
 * Do you speak English?: تاسو په انګليسي خبرې کولئ شئ؟ [taaso pə inglisi khabərē kawuləi shəi?] (TAA-soh pe eeng-lee-SEE kha-BE-reh ka-WU-lei shei?)
 * Is there someone here who speaks English?: دلته څوک انګليسي وايي؟ [dalta tsok inglisi waayi?] (DAL-ta TSOHK eeng-lee-SEE WAA-yee?)
 * Help!: !مرسته [mrasta!] (MRAS-ta!)
 * Look out!: !ګوره [gora!] (GOH-ra!), !پام کوه [paam kawa!] (PAAM kawa!)
 * Good morning: سهار مو په خير [sahaar mo pə khayr] (sa-HAAR moh pe khehr)
 * Good afternoon: غرمه مو په خير [gharma mo pə khayr] (ghar-MA moh pe khehr)
 * Good evening: ماښام مو په خير [maak'haam mo pə khayr] (maa-KHAAM moh pe khehr)
 * Good night: شپه مو په خير [shpa mo pə khayr] (SHPA moh pe khehr)
 * I don't understand: پوه نه شوم [poh nə shwum] (POH NE shwum)
 * I don't know: نه يم خبر [nə yəm khabar] (NE yem kha-bar)
 * Where is the toilet?: تشناب چېرې دى؟ [tashnaab chērē day?] (tash-NAAB CHEH-reh dai?)

Problems

 * Leave me alone. : يوازې مې پرېږده [yawaazē mē prēgda] (ya-WAA-zeh meh prehg-da)
 * Don't touch me! : !لاس مه راوړه [laas ma raawrra] (laas MA raaw-rra!)
 * I'll call the police! : !پوليس ته به تېلفون وکم [pulis ta ba tēlifun wukəm] (poo-LEES ta ba teh-lee-FOON wu-kem!)
 * Police! : !پوليس [pulis] (poo-LEES!)
 * Stop! Thief! : !ودرېږه! غل [wudrēga! ghal!] (WUD-reh-ga! ghal!)
 * I need your help. : ستاسو مرسته مې په کار ده [staaso mrasta mē pə kaar da] (STAA-soh MRAS-ta meh pe kaar da)
 * It's an emergency. : مجبوري ده [majburi da] (maj-boo-REE da)
 * I'm lost. : زه ورک يم [zə wruk yəm] (ze WRUK yem)
 * I lost my bag. : کڅوړه را نه ورکه شوه [katsorra raa na wruka shwa] (ka-TSOH-rra raa na WRU-ka shwa)
 * I lost my wallet. : بټوه را نه ورکه شوه [battwa raa na wruka shwa] (batt-WA raa na WRU-ka shwa)
 * I'm sick. : ناروغه يم [naarogha yəm] (naa-ROH-gha yem)
 * I've been injured. : خوږ شوى يم [khug shuway yəm] (khug SHU-wai yem)
 * I need a doctor. : ما ته ډاکټر پکار دى [maa ta daaktər pə kaar day] (maa ta daak-TER pe kaar dai)
 * Can I use your phone? : ستاسو ټلېفون استعمالولى شم؟ [staaso tēlifun istimaalaway shəm?] (staa-soh teh-lee-FOON ees-tee-maa-la-WAI shem?)
 * What is this? : دا څه شى دي؟ [daa tsəshay di?] (daa TSE-shai di?)

Numbers

 * 0 : صفر [sifər] (SEE-fer)
 * 1 : يو [yaw] (YAW) m, يوه [yawa] (ya-WA) f
 * 2 : دوه [dwa] (DWA)
 * 3 : درې [drē] (DREH)
 * 4 : څلور [tsalor] (tsa-LOHR)
 * 5 : پنځه [pindzə] (peen-ZE)
 * 6 : شپږ [shpag] (SHPAG)
 * 7 : اووه [uwə] (oo-WE)
 * 8 : اته [atə] (a-TE)
 * 9 : نه [nə] (NE)
 * 10 : لس [las] (LAS)
 * 11 : يوولس [yawolas] (ya-WOH-las)
 * 12 : دوولس [dwolas] (DWOH-las)
 * 13 : ديارلس [dyaarlas] (DYAAR-las)
 * 14 : څوارلس [tswaarlas] (TSWAAR-las)
 * 15 : پنځلس [pindzəlas] (peen-ZE-las)
 * 16 : شپاړس [shpaarras] (SHPAA-rras)
 * 17 : اوولس [uwəlas] (oo-WE-las)
 * 18 : اتلس [atəlas] (a-TE-las)
 * 19 : نولس [nulas] (NOO-las)
 * 20 : شل [shəl] (SHEL)
 * 21 : يو ويشت [yaw wisht] (YAW weesht)
 * 22 : دوه ويشت [dwa wisht] (DWA weesht)
 * 30 : دېرش [dērsh] (DEHRSH)
 * 33 : درې دېرش [drē dērsh] (DREH dehrsh)
 * 40 : څلوېښت [tsalwēk'ht] (tsal-WEHKHT)
 * 44 : څلور څلوېښت [tsalor tsalwēk'ht] (tsa-LOHR tsal-wehkht)
 * 50 : پنځوس [pəndzos] (pen-ZOHS)
 * 55 : پنځه پنځوس [pindzə pəndzos] (peen-ZE pen-zohs)
 * 60 : شپېته [shpētə] (shpeh-TE)
 * 70 : اويا [awyaa] (aw-YAA)
 * 80 : اتيا [atyaa] (at-YAA)
 * 90 : نوي [nəwi] (ne-WEE)
 * 100 : سل [səl] (SEL)
 * 111 : يو سل يوولس [yaw səl yawolas] (YAW sel, ya-WOH-las)
 * 200 : دوه سوه [dwa sawa] (DWA sawa)
 * 500 : پنځه سوه [pindzə sawa] (peen-ZE sawa)
 * 1000 : زر [zər] (ZER)
 * 2000 : دوه زره [dwa zəra] (DWA zera)
 * 10,000 : لس زره [las zəra] (LAS zera)
 * 100,000 : يو لک [yaw lak] (YAW lak)
 * 200,000 : دوه لکه [dwa laka] (DWA laka)
 * one million : يو ميليون [yaw milyun] (YAW meel-YOON)
 * half : نيم [nim] (NEEM)
 * Number _____ (train, bus, etc.) : نمبر _____ [____ nambar] (____ nam-BAR)
 * less : کم [kam] (KAM)
 * more : زيات [zyaat] ( ZYAAT)

Time

 * now : اوس [os] (OHS)
 * later : وروسته [wrusta] (WROOS-ta)
 * before : مخکې [məkhkē] (MEKH-keh)
 * morning : سهار [sahaar] (sa-HAAR)
 * noon : غرمه [gharma] (ghar-MA)
 * afternoon : ماسپښين [maaspak'hin] (maas-pa-KHEEN)
 * evening : ماښام [maak'haam] (maa-KHAAM)
 * night : شپه [shpa] (SHPA)

Clock time

 * one o'clock AM : د شپې يوه بجه [da shpē yawa baja] (da SHPEH, ya-WA baja)
 * two o'clock AM : د شپې دوه بجې [da shpē dwa bajē] (da SHPEH, DWA bajeh)
 * noon, twelve o'clock : د غرمې دوولس بجې [da gharmē dwolas bajē] (da ghar-MEH, DWOH-las bajeh)
 * one o'clock PM : د ماسپښين يوه بجه [da maaspak'hin yawa baja] (da maas-pa-KHEEN, ya-WA baja)
 * two o'clock PM : د ماسپښين دوه بجې [da maaspak'hin dwa bajē] (da maas-pa-KHEEN, DWA bajeh)
 * midnight : نيمه شپه [nima shpa] (NEE-ma shpa)

Duration

 * _____ minute/minutes : دقيقه/دقيقې _____ [daqiqa/daqiqē] (_____ da-kee-KA / da-kee-KEH)
 * _____ hour/hours : ګېنټه/ګېنټې _____ [gēntta/gēnttē] (_____ gehn-TTA / gehn-TTEH)
 * _____ day(s) : (ورځ(ې _____ [wradz(ē)] (_____ WRAZ(eh))
 * _____ week(s) : اوونۍ _____ [uwənəi] (_____ oo-we-NEI)
 * _____ month(s) : (مياشت(ې _____ [myaasht(ē)] (_____ MYAASHT(eh))
 * _____ year(s) : (کال(ه _____ [kaal(a)] (_____ KAAL(a))

Days
Note: The first day of the week corresponds with Sunday of the planetary week.
 * today : نن [nən] (NEN)
 * yesterday : پرون [parun] (pa-ROON)
 * tomorrow : سبا [sabaa] (sa-BAA)
 * day after tomorrow : بل سبا [bəl sabaa] (BEL sa-baa)
 * next week : بله اوونۍ [bəla uwənəi] (BE-la oo-we-nei)
 * this week : دا اوونۍ [daa uwənəi] (DAA oo-we-nei)
 * last week : تېره اوونۍ [tēra uwənəi] (TEH-ra oo-we-nei)
 * Sunday : يوه نۍ [yawanəi] (ya-wa-NEI)
 * Monday : دوه نۍ [dwanəi] (dwa-NEI)
 * Tuesday : درې نۍ [drēnəi] (dreh-NEI)
 * Wednesday : منځونۍ [mandzonəi] (man-zoh-NEI)
 * Thursday : پنځه نۍ [pindzənəi] (pin-ze-NEI)
 * Friday : جمعه [juma] (joo-MA)
 * Saturday : خالي ورځ [khaali wradz] (khaa-LEE wraz)

Gregorian calendar
The internationally accepted Gregorian calendar is commonly used by Pashtuns for day-to-day affairs (along with the two Islamic calendars). Below are the names of Gregorian months:
 * January : جنوري [janwari] (jan-wa-REE)
 * February : فبروري [fabruri] (fa-broo-REE)
 * March : مارچ [maarch] (MAARCH)
 * April : اپريل [april] (ap-REEL)
 * May : مې [mē] (MEH)
 * June : جون [jun] (JOON)
 * July : جولاى [julaay] (joo-LAAY)
 * August : اګست [agast] (a-GAST)
 * September : سيتمبر [sitambər] (see-tam-BER)
 * October : اکتوبر [aktubər] (ak-too-BER)
 * November : نومبر [nawambər] (na-wam-BER)
 * December : ديسمبر [disambər] (dee-sam-BER)

Solar Islamic calendar
Afghans officially use the solar Jalali calendar according to which all national holidays and administrative issues are fixed. The year of Prophet Muhammad's migration to Medina (622 CE) is fixed as the first year in the calendar.

The New Year always falls on the spring equinox (Gregorian March 21 or sometimes March 20). Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign. The first six months have 31 days, the next five have 30 days, and the last (kab) has 29 days in usual years but 30 days in leap years. Pashto months are:
 * Mar20/21 - Apr19/20 : ورى [wray] (WRAI); lit. "lamb"
 * Apr20/21 - May20/21 : غويى [ghwayay] (ghwa-YAI); lit. "bull"
 * May21/22 - Jun20/21 : غبرګولى [ghbargolay] (ghbar-GOH-lai); lit. "twin"
 * Jun21/22 - Jul21/22 : چنګاښ [changaak'h] (chang-GAAKH); lit. "crab"
 * Jul22/23 - Aug21/22 : زمرى [zmaray] (zma-RAI); lit. "lion"
 * Aug22/23 - Sep21/22 : وږى [wagay] (wa-GAI); lit. "virgin"
 * Sep22/23 - Oct21/22 : تله [təla] (TE-la); lit. "weighing scale"
 * Oct22/23 - Nov20/21 : لړم [larram] (la-RRAM); lit. "scorpion"
 * Nov21/22 - Dec20/21 : ليندۍ [lindəi] (leen-DEI); lit. "bow"
 * Dec21/22 - Jan19/20 : مرغومى [marghumay] (mar-ghoo-MAI); lit. "ibex"
 * Jan20/21 - Feb18/19 : سلواغه [salwaagha] (sal-waa-gha); lit. "pail"
 * Feb19/20 - Mar19/20 : کب [kab] (KAB); lit. "fish"

Lunar Islamic calendar
To date religious holidays and events, the lunar Hijri calendar is used. Each of the 12 months can have either 29 or 30 days, and a year is 354 or 355 days long (i.e. shorter than a solar year). The lunar months are not linked with the seasons and drift each solar year by about 11 days. Lunar months in Pashto are:
 * Muharram : حسن او حسين [hasan aw hussain] (ha-SAN aw hu-SEHN), or simply: حسن [hasan] (ha-SAN); lit. "Hasan and Hussein (ibn Ali)"
 * Safar : صفره [safara] (sa-PA-ra)
 * Rabi' al-Awwal : لومړۍ خور [lumrrəi khor] (loom-RREI khohr); lit. "first sister"
 * Rabi' ath-Thani : دوهمه خور [dwahəma khor] (DWA-ma khohr); lit. "second sister"
 * Jumada al-Awwal : دريمه خور [drəyəma khor] (DREH-ma khohr); lit. "third sister"
 * Jumada ath-Thani : څلورمه خور [tsalorəma khor] (tsa-loh-RE-ma khohr); lit. "fourth sister"
 * Rajab : خداى مياشت [khwdaay myaasht] (khw-DAAY myaasht); lit. "God's month"
 * Sha'ban : برات [baraat] (ba-RAAT); the month of the holy night of Shab-e Baraat
 * Ramadan : روژه [rozha] (roh-ZHA); lit. "fasting"
 * Shawwal : کمکى اختر [kamkay akhtar] (kam-KAI akh-tar); lit. "lesser Eid"
 * Dhu al-Qa'da : منځوۍ [mandzawəi] (man-za-WEI); lit. "middle (month)"
 * Dhu al-Hijja : لوى اختر [loy akhtar] (LOY akh-tar); lit. "greater Eid"

Writing time and date
Dates are written as day.month.year (where day, month and year are numbers) or as month day year (where month is written in the prepositional and day and year are numbers). For example, Dec 8th, 2011 is written as ۸-۱۲-۲۰۱۱ (8-12-2011), or as د ديسمبر اتمه، ۲۰۱۱ (da disamber atema, 2011).

In informal speech, time uses the 12-hour format, commonly with descriptive phrases such as in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening and at night. But in formal written communication, time uses the 24-hour format, e.g. 9:44PM is written as ۲۱:۴۴ (21:44).

Colors

 * black : تور [tor] (TOHR)
 * white : سپين [spin] (SPEEN)
 * gray : خړ [khərr] (KHERR)
 * red : سور [sur] (SOOR)
 * blue : اسماني [asmaani] (as-maa-NEE), or: شين [shin] (SHEEN)
 * yellow : زيړ [zyarr] (ZYARR)
 * green : شين [shin] (SHEEN), or: زرغون [zarghun] (zar-GHOON)
 * orange : نارنجي [naarənji] (naa-ren-JEE)
 * purple : بانجڼي [baanjənni] (baan-je-NNEE)
 * brown : نسواري [naswaari] (nas-waa-REE)

Bus and Train

 * How much is a ticket to _____? (bus, train, airplane) : ته څومره ټکټ دى؟ _____ [_____ ta tsomra ttikətt day?] (_____ ta TSOHM-ra ttee-KETT dai?)
 * One ticket to _____, please. (bus, train, airplane) : لږ _____ ته يو ټکټ راکئ [ləg _____ ta yaw ttikətt raakəi] (leg _____ ta yaw ttee-KETT raa-keei)
 * Where does this train/bus go? : دا اورګاډى/بس چېرې ځي؟ [daa orgaadday/bas chērē dzi?] (DAA ohr-GAA-ddai / bas CHEH-reh zee?)
 * Where is the train/bus to _____? : د _____ اورګاډى/بس کوم ځاى دى؟ [da _____ orgaadday/bas kumdzaay day?] (da _____ ohr-GAA-ddai / bas KOOM-zaay dai?)
 * Does this train/bus stop in/at _____? : په _____ کې دا اورګاډى/بس درېږي؟ [pə _____ kē daa orgaadday/bas darēgi?] (pe _____ keh DAA ohr-GAA-ddai / bas da-REH-gee?)
 * When does the train/bus for _____ leave? : د _____ اورګاډى/بس کله روانېږي؟ [da _____ orgaadday/bas kəla rawaanēgi?] (da _____ ohr-GAA-ddai / bas KE-la ra-waa-NEH-gee?)
 * When will this train/bus arrive in _____? : ته به دا اورګاډى/بس کله رسي؟ _____ [_____ ta ba daa orgaadday/bas kəla rasi?] (_____ ta ba DAA ohr-GAA-ddai / bas KE-la rasee?)

Directions

 * How do I get to _____? : ته څنګه ورشم؟ _____ [_____ ta tsənga warshəm?] (_____ ta TSENG-ga WAR-shem?)
 * ...the train station? : اورګاډو اډه [orgaaddo adda] (ohr-GAA-ddoh a-dda)
 * ...the bus station? : بسونو اډه [basuno adda] [ba-SOO-noh a-dda]
 * ...the airport? : هوايي ډګر [hawaayi ddagar] [ha-waa-YEE dda-GAR]
 * ...downtown? : ښار [k'haar] (KHAAR)
 * ...youth hostel? : ځوانانو مېلمستون [dzwaanaano mēlmastun] (zwaa-NAA-noh mehl-mas-TOON)
 * ...the _____ hotel? : د _____ هوټل؟ [da _____ hottəl] (da _____ hoh-TTEL)
 * ...the American/Canadian/Australian/British embassy/consulate? : د امريکا/کانادا/استراليا/برتانيه سفارتخانه [da amrikaa/kaanaadaa/astraalyaa/bartaanya sifaaratkhaana] (da am-ree-KAA / kaa-naa-DAA / as-traal-YAA / bar-taan-YA si-faa-rat-khaa-NA)
 * Where are there a lot of _____ : ډېر _____ چېرې دي؟ [ddēr _____ chērē di?] (ddehr _____ CHEH-reh dee?)
 * ...lodgings? : استوګنې ځايونه [astognē dzaayuna] (as-TOHG-neh zaa-yoo-naa)
 * ...restaurants? : رستورانونه [rasturaanuna] (ras-too-raa-NOO-na)
 * ...sites to see? : د کتو ځايونه [da kato dzaayuna] (da ka-TOH zaa-YOO-na)
 * Where is _____? : چېرې دى؟ _____ [_____ chērē day?] (_____ CHEH-reh dai?)
 * Is it far from here? : له دې ځاى نه لرې دى؟ [la dē dzaay na lərē day?] [la DEH zaay na LE-reh dai?]
 * Please show me on the map. : لږ يې نقشه کې را ته وښايه [ləg yē naqsha kē raa ta wuk'haaya] (leg yeh nak-SHA keh raa ta WU-khaa-ya)
 * street : کوڅه [kutsa] (koo-TSA)
 * Turn left. : کيڼ لاس ته تاو شه [kinn laas ta taaw sha] (KEENN laas ta taaw sha)
 * Turn right. : ښي لاس ته تاو شه [k'hi laas ta taaw sha] (KHEE laas ta taaw sha)
 * left : کيڼ [kinn] [KEENN]
 * right : ښى [k'hay] [KHAI]
 * straight ahead : سيخ [sikh] (SEEKH)
 * towards the _____ : د _____ لوري ته [da _____ lori ta] (da _____ LOH-ree ta)
 * past the _____ : له _____ وروسته [la _____ wrusta] (la _____ WROOS-ta)
 * before the _____ : له _____ مخکې [la _____ məkhkē] (la _____ MEKH-keh)
 * Watch for the _____. : پسې پام کوه _____ [_____ pəsē paam kawa] (_____ pe-seh PAAM ka-wa)
 * intersection : چوک [chawk] (CHAWK)
 * traffic light : ترافيکي اشاره [traafiki ishaara] (traa-fee-KEE ee-shaa-RA)
 * north : شمال [shamaal] (sha-MAAL)
 * south : سهيل [suhayl] (soo-HEHL)
 * east : ختيځ [khatidz] (kha-TEEZ)
 * west : لوېديځ [lwēdidz] (lweh-DEEZ)
 * uphill : مخ پورته [məkh porta] (mekh POHR-ta)
 * downhill : مخ په ښکته [məkh pə k'hkata] (mekh pe KHKA-ta)

Taxi

 * Taxi! : !ټکسي [ttaksi!] (ttak-SEE!)
 * Take me to _____, please. : لږ مې _____ ته بوځئ [ləg mē _____ ta bodzəi] (leg meh _____ ta BOH-zei)
 * How much does it cost to get to _____? : ته په څو ځئ؟ _____ [_____ ta pə tso dzəi?] (_____ ta pe TSOH zei?)
 * Take me there, please. : لږ مې هلته بوځئ [ləg mē halta bodzəi] (leg meh HAL-ta boh-zei)

Lodging

 * Do you have any rooms available? : خالي کوټې لرئ؟ [khaali kottē larəi?] (khaa-LEE koh-tteh la-REI?)
 * How much is a room for one person/two people? : د يو تن/دوو تنو لپاره کوټه په څو ده؟ [da yaw tan/dwo tano lapaara kotta pə tso da?] (da YAW tan / DWO ta-no la-paara koh-TTA pe TSO da?)
 * Does the room come with... : دا کوټه ... لري؟ [daa kotta ... lari?] (DAA koh-tta ... la-REE?)
 * ...bedsheets? : روجايي؟ [rojaayi?] (roh-jaa-YEE)
 * ...a bathroom? : تشناب؟ [tashnaab?] (tash-NAAB)
 * ...a telephone? : تېلفون؟ [tēlifun?] (teh-lee-FOON)
 * ...a TV? : تلويزيون؟ [talwizyun?] (tal-weez-YOON)
 * May I see the room first? : اول کوټه کتى شم؟ [awal kotta katay shəm?] (a-WAL koh-TTA ka-TAI shem?)
 * Do you have anything quieter? : تر دې ځاى نه زيات کرار ځاى لرئ؟ [tər dē dzaay na zyaat karaar dzaay larəi?] (ter DEH zaay na ZYAAT ka-raar zaay la-REI?)
 * ...bigger? : نور غټ؟ [nor ghatt?] (NOHR ghatt)
 * ...cleaner? : نور پاک؟ [nor paak?] (NOHR paak)
 * ...cheaper? : نور ارزان؟? [nor arzaan?] (NOHR ar-zaan)
 * OK, I'll take it. : ښه، هم دا به واخلم [k'ha, ham daa ba waakhləm] (KHA, ham DAA ba waakh-lem)
 * I will stay here for _____ night/nights. : زه به دلته _____ شپه/شپې کوم [zə ba dalta _____ shpa/shpē kawum] (ze ba dal-ta _____ shpa / shpeh ka-wum)
 * Can you suggest another hotel? : بل هوټل تجويز کوئ شئ؟ [bəl hottəl tajwiz kawəi shəi?] (BEL hoh-ttel taj-weez ka-WEI shei?)
 * Do you have a safe? : صندوقچه لرئ؟ [sanduqcha larəi?] (san-dook-CHA la-REI?)
 * ...lockers? : کولپونه [kwəlpuna] (kool-POO-na)
 * Is breakfast/supper included? : ناشته/ډوډۍ هم په کې ده؟ [naashta/ddoddəi ham pə kē da?] (naash-TA / ddoh-DDEI ham pe KEH da?)
 * What time is breakfast/supper? : ناشته/ډوډۍ څه وخت ده؟ [naashta/ddoddəi tsə wakht da?] (naash-TA / ddoh-DDEI TSE-wakht da?)
 * Please clean my room. : لږ مې کوټه پاکه کئ [ləg mē kotta paaka kəi] (leg meh koh-TTA PAA-ka kei)
 * Can you wake me at _____? : په _____ بجې مې ويښوئ شئ؟ [pə _____ bajē mē wik'hawəi shəi?] (pe _____ ba-jeh meh wee-kha-WEI shei?)
 * I want to leave. : تلل غواړم [tləl ghwaarrəm] (TLEL ghwaa-rrem)

Money

 * Do you accept American/Australian/Canadian dollars? : د امريکا/استراليا/کانادا ډالر قبلوئ؟ [da amrikaa/astraalyaa/kaanaadaa ddaalər qablawəi?] (da am-ree-KAA / as-traal-YAA / kaa-naa-DAA ddaa-LER qab-la-WEI?)
 * Do you accept British pounds? : د برتانيه پونډ قبلوئ؟ [da bartaanya pondd qablawəi?] (da bar-taan-YA POHNDD qab-la-WEI?)
 * Do you accept credit cards? : کريديت کارت قبلوئ؟ [kridit kaart qablawəi?] (kree-deet KAART qab-la-WEI?)
 * Can you change money for me? : پيسې را ته بدلوئ شئ؟ [paysē raa ta badlawəi shəi?] (pai-SEH raa ta bad-la-WEI shei?)
 * Where can I get money changed? : پيسې چېرې بدلوى شم؟ [paysē chērē badlaway shəm?] (pai-SEH CHEH-reh bad-la-wai shem?)
 * Can you change a traveler's check for me? : ټراولر چېک را ته بدلوئ شئ؟ [ttraawlər chēk raa ta badlawəi shəi?] (ttraaw-ler CHEHK raa ta bad-la-WEI shei?)
 * Where can I get a traveler's check changed? : ټراولر چېک چېرې بدلوى شم؟ [ttraawlər chēk chērē badlaway shəm?] (ttraaw-ler CHEHK CHEH-reh bad-la-wai shem?)
 * What is the exchange rate? : د تبادلې بيه څومره ده؟ [da tabaadlē baya tsomra da?] (da ta-baad-LEH BA-ya TSOHM-ra da?)
 * Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)? :

Eating

 * A table for one person/two people, please. : د يو تن/دوو تنو لپاره مېز، مهرباني وکئ [da yaw tan/dwo tano lapaara mēz, mēhrabaani wukəi] (da YAW tan / DWO ta-no la-paa-ra MEHZ, meh-ra-baa-NEE wu-kei)
 * Can I look at the menu, please? : طعام نامه کتى شم؟ [təaam naama katay shəm?] (tu-aam naa-MA ka-TAI shem?)
 * Can I look in the kitchen? : پخلنځى کتى شم؟ [pakhlandzay katay shəm?] (pakh-lan-ZAI ka-TAI shem?)
 * Is there a house specialty? : تاسو څه ځانګړى خوراک لرئ؟ [taaso tsə dzaangərray khwaraak larəi?] (TAA-soh tse zaan-GE-rrai khwa-RAAK la-REI?)
 * Is there a local specialty? : دا ځاى څه ځانګړى خوراک لري؟ [daa dzaay tsə dzaangərray khwaraak lari?] (DAA zaay tse zaan-GE-rrai khwa-RAAK la-REE?)
 * I'm a vegetarian. : ګياخور يم [gayaakhor yəm] (ga-yaa-KHOHR yem)
 * I don't eat beef. : غټه غوښه نه خورم [ghatta ghwak'ha nə khwrəm] (GHA-tta ghwa-kha NE khw-rem)
 * I don't eat pork. : د خنزير غوښه نه خورم [da khanzir ghwak'ha nə khwrəm] (da khan-ZEER ghwa-kha NE khw-rem)
 * I only eat halal food. : زه يوازې حلال خوراک خورم [yawaazē halaal khwaraak kawum] (ya-WAA-zeh ha-LAAL khwa-raak ka-wum)
 * Can you make it "lite", please? (less oil/butter/lard) : لږ يې سپوروئ شئ؟ [ləg yē sporawəi shəi?] (leg yeh spoh-ra-WEI shei?)
 * fixed-price meal : د ثابتې بيه خواړه [da saabətē baya khwaarrə] (da saa-BE-teh ba-ya khwaa-rre)
 * à la carte : د بېلې بېلې بيه خواړه [da bēlē bēlē baya khwaarrə] (da BEH-leh beh-leh ba-ya khwaa-rre)
 * breakfast : ناشته [naashta] (naash-TA)
 * lunch : غرمې ډوډۍ [gharmē ddoddəi] (ghar-MEH ddo-ddei)
 * tea (meal) : د مازديګر چاى [da maazdigar chaay] (da maaz-dee-GAR chaay)
 * supper : ماښام ډوډۍ [maak'haam ddoddəi] (maa-KHAAM ddoh-ddei)
 * I want _____. : زه _____ غواړم [zə _____ ghwaarrəm] (ze _____ ghwaa-rrem)
 * I want a dish containing _____. : له _____ سره خواړه غواړم [la _____ sara khwaarrə ghwaarrəm] (la _____ sa-ra khwaa-rre ghwaa-rrem)
 * chicken : چرګ [chərg] (CHERG)
 * beef : غټه غوښه [ghatta ghwak'ha] (GHA-tta ghwa-kha)
 * mutton : وړه غوښه [warra ghwak'ha] (wa-RRA ghwa-kha)
 * fish : کب [kab] (KAB)
 * sausage : ساسيج [sasij] (saa-SEEJ)
 * cheese : پنير [panir] (pa-NEER)
 * eggs : هګۍ [hagəi] (ha-GEI)
 * salad : سلاته [salaata] (sa-laa-TA)
 * vegetables : سابه [saabə] (saa-BE)
 * fruit : مېوه [mēwa] (meh-WA)
 * bread : ډوډۍ [ddoddəi] (ddoh-DDEI)
 * toast : ټوسټ [ttostt] (TTOSTT)
 * noodles : مېنچې [mēnchē] (mehn-CHEH)
 * rice : وريژې [wrizhē] (WREE-zheh)
 * beans : لوبيا [lobyaa] (lohb-YAA)
 * May I have a glass of _____? : يو ګيلاس _____ څکى شم؟ [yaw gilaas _____ tskay shəm?] (yaw gee-laas _____ TSKAI shem?)
 * May I have a cup of _____? : يوه پياله _____ څکى شم؟ [yawa pyaala _____ tskay shəm?] (ya-wa pyaa-la _____ TSKAI shem?)
 * May I have a bottle of _____? : يوه بوتل _____ څکى شم؟ [yawa botəl _____ tskay shəm?] (ya-wa boh-tel _____ TSKAI shem?)
 * coffee : قهوه [qahwa] (kaa-WA)
 * tea (drink) : چاى [chaay] (CHAAY)
 * milk tea : شودو چاى [shodo chaay] (shoh-DOH chaay)
 * green tea : شنه چاى [shna chaay] (SHNA chaay)
 * juice : مېوې اوبه [mēwē obə] (meh-WEH oh-be)
 * mineral water : معدني اوبه [maadni obə] (maad-NEE oh-be)
 * water : اوبه [obə] (oh-BE)
 * beer : اوربشو اوبه [orbəsho obə] (ohr-BE-shoh oh-be) (NOTE: There is no alcoholic beer in restaurants)
 * wine : شراب [sharaab] (sha-RAAB) (NOTE: There are no alcoholic beverages in restaurants)
 * May I have some _____? : لږ _____ واخلم؟ [ləg _____ waakhləm?] (leg _____ WAAKH-lem?)
 * salt : مالګه [maalga] (MAAL-ga)
 * black pepper : تور مرچ [tor mrəch] (TOHR mrech)
 * butter : کوچ [kwəch] (KOOCH)
 * Excuse me? (getting attention of waiter): وبخښئ؟ [wubak'həi?] (WU-ba-khei?)
 * I'm finished. : بس مې کړه [bas mē krra] (BAS meh krra)
 * It was delicious. : ډېر خوند يې وکو [ddēr khwand yē wuko] (ddehr KHWAND yeh wu-koh)
 * Please clear the plates. : دا لوښي لږ ټول کئ [daa lok'hi ləg ttol kəi] (daa LOH-khee leg TTOHL kei)
 * The check, please.

Bars
The possession, sale and service of alcoholic beverages is illegal in Afghanistan.

Shopping

 * Do you have this in my size? : زما په مېچه دا لرئ؟ [zamaa pə mēcha daa larəi?] (ze-MAA pe MEH-cha DAA la-rei?)
 * How much is this? : دا په څو دى؟ [daa pə tso day?] (DAA pe TSOH dai?)
 * That's too expensive. : ډېر ګران دى [ddēr graan day] (DDEHR graan dai)
 * Would you take _____? : به اخلئ؟ _____ [_____ ba akhləi?] (_____ ba AKH-lei?)
 * expensive : ګران [graan] (GRAAN)
 * cheap : ارزان [arzaan] (ar-ZAAN)
 * I can't afford it. : دومره پيسې نه لرم [domra paysē nə larəm] (DOM-ra pai-seh NE la-rem)
 * I don't want it. : نه يې غواړم [nə yē ghwaarrəm] (NE yeh ghwaa-rrem)
 * You're cheating me. : خطا کوې مې [khataa kawē mē] (kha-taa ka-WEH meh)
 * I'm not interested. : خوښ مې نه شو [khwak'h mē nə sho] (KHWAKH meh NE shoh)
 * OK, I'll take it. : ښه، هم دا به واخلم [k'ha, ham daa ba waakhləm] (KHA, ham DAA ba waakh-lem)
 * Can I have a bag? : کڅوړه اخيستى شم؟ [katsorra akhistay shəm?] (ka-TSOH-rra a-khees-TAI shem?)
 * Do you ship (overseas)? : خارج ته سامان لېږئ؟ [khaarij ta saamaan legəi?] (khaa-RIJ ta saa-MAAN leh-gei?)
 * I need... : مې په کار دى ... [... mē pə kaar day] (... meh pe kaar dai)
 * ...toothpaste. : غاښو لېټۍ [ghaak'ho lēttəi] (GHAA-khoh leh-TTEI)
 * ...a toothbrush. : غاښ مښونى [ghaak'h mək'hunay] (ghaakh me-KHOO-nai)
 * ...tampons. : تامپون [taampon] (taam-POHN)
 * ...soap. : صابون [saabun] (saa-BOON)
 * ...shampoo. : شامپو [shaampu] (shaam-POO)
 * ...pain reliever. (e.g., aspirin or ibuprofen) : [] ( )
 * ...cold medicine. : د زکام دارو [da zukaam daaru] (da zu-KAAM daa-roo)
 * ...stomach medicine. : د نس دارو [da nas daaru] (da NAS daa-roo)
 * ...a razor. : تېغ [tēgh] (TEHGH)
 * ...an umbrella. : چترۍ [chatrəi] (chat-REI)
 * ...sunblock lotion. : [] ( )
 * ...a postcard. : د پوستې کارت [da postē kaart] (da pohs-TEH KAART)
 * ...postage stamps. : د پوستې ټکټ [da postē ttikətt] (da pohs-TEH tti-KETT)
 * ...batteries. : بېټرۍ [bēttrəi] (behtt-REI)
 * ...writing paper. : کاغذ [kaaghaz] (kaa-GHAZ)
 * ...a pen. : قلم [qalam] (ka-LAM), ليکانى [likaanay] (lee-kaa-NAI)
 * ...English-language books. : انګليسي ژبې کتابونه [inglisi zhəbē kitaabuna] (eeng-lee-SEE zhe-beh kee-taa-BOO-na)
 * ...English-language magazines. : انګليسي ژبې مجلې [inglisi zhəbē majale] (eeng-lee-SEE zhe-beh ma-ja-LEH)
 * ...an English-language newspaper. : انګليسي ژبې ورځپاڼه [inglisi zhəbē wradzpaanna] (eeng-lee-SEE zhe-beh wraz-PAA-nna)
 * ...a Pashto-English dictionary. : پښتو - انګليسي سيندګى [puk'hto-inglisi sindgay] (pukh-TO - eeng-lee-SEE seend-GAI)

Driving

 * I want to rent a car. : ګاډى په کرايه اخيستل غواړم [gaadaay pə kraaya akhistəl ghwaarrəm] (GAA-ddai pe kraa-YA a-khees-tel ghwaa-rrem)
 * Can I get insurance? : بيمه اخيستى شم؟ [bima akhistay shəm?] (bee-MA a-khees-TAI shem)
 * stop (on a street sign) : تم [tam] (TAM)
 * one way : يو لوريځ [yaw loridz] (yaw loh-REEZ)
 * yield : لار ورکئ [laar warkəi] (LAAR war-kei), د اوړېدلو اجازه ورکئ [da awrrēdəlo ijaaza warkəi] (da aw-rreh-DE-lo ee-jaa-ZA war-kei)
 * parking : تمځاى [tamdzaay] (tam ZAAY)
 * speed limit : روا چټکتيا [rawaa chattaktyaa] (ra-WAA cha-ttak-TYAA)
 * gas (petrol) station :

Authority

 * I haven't done anything wrong. : زه ګرم نه يم [zə gram nə yəm] (ze gram NE yem)
 * It was a misunderstanding. : سم سره پوه نه شوو [sam sara poh nə shwu] (SAM sa-ra POH ne shwu)
 * Where are you taking me? : چېرې مې بيايې؟ [chērē mē bodzəi?] (CHEH-reh meh boh-zei?)
 * Am I under arrest? : زه مو ونيولم؟ [zə mo wuniwuləm?] (ze moh WU-nee-wu-lem?)
 * I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen. : د امريکا/استراليا/برتانيه/کانادا هېوادوال يم [da amrikaa/astraalyaa/bartaanya/kaanaadaa hēwaadwaal yəm] (da am-ree-KAA / as-traal-YAA / bar-taan-YA / kaa-naa-DAA heh-waad-WAAL yem)
 * I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate. : له امريکا/استراليا/برتانيه/کانادا سفارتخانې سره غږېدل غواړم [la amrikaa/astraalyaa/bartaanya/kaanaadaa sifaaratkhaanē sara ghagēdəl ghwaarrəm] (la am-ree-KAA / as-traal-YAA / bar-taan-YA / kaa-naa-DAA see-faa-rat-khaa-NEH sa-ra gha-geh-DEL ghwaa-rrem)
 * I want to speak to a lawyer. : له قانون پوه سره غږېدل غواړم [la qanun poh sara ghagēdəl ghwaarrəm] (la kaa-noon POH sa-ra gha-geh-DEL ghwaa-rrem)
 * Can I just pay a fine now? : اوس تشه جرمانه درکم؟ [os təsha jurmaana darkəm?] (ohs TE-sha jur-maa-NA DAR-kem?)

title: Pashto phrasebook


text:
Pasig

Pasig is a city on eastern Metro Manila, lending its name from the eponymous river of the same name. Once part of Rizal province (but remains the province's de jure capital), Pasig now part of Manila's ever-expanding sprawl. Its downtown area still maintain its characteristically Filipino charm, though overshadowed by the modernity of its central business district, Ortigas Center and swamped by uncontrolled development, slums, and pollution that Manila continues to experience.

Understand
Pasig is bordered to the west by heavily populated Quezon and rapidly urbanizing Mandaluyong, to the east by the municipality of Cainta in Rizal province, to the north by Marikina, and to the south by Philippine financial capital Makati City, middle-class residential district Pateros and Taguig.

Pasig City is home to the Ortigas Center, the country's fastest growing commercial and financial district. Home to many of the country's most important centers of commerce, business, government, and entertainment, Pasig City is emerging as a truly important city in the Philippines, and an ideal homebase from which to experience the Philippines at its finest and most real.

By bus
Two bus routes serve Pasig:

 * Route 2 Quiapo-Angono, ply Ortigas Avenue, the main east-west road through the City. Buses on these route are run by G Liner and RRCG, from a stop near LRT Gilmore station and the SM mall in Taytay.
 * Route 18 North EDSA-BGC, ply E. Rodriguez Avenue (part of C-5 Road), the main north-south road. Buses are run by various companies, and originated from either SM North EDSA in Quezon City or Market Market in Taguig.

Get around

Jeepneys are available throughout the city, as well as tricycles and pedicabs in smaller residential areas. Most routes originate from the old downtown, at the public market.

Pasig operates a limited free-fare minibus service from the city hall, with limited utility for visitors.

Do
Metrowalk - In Barangay Ugong, this is a complex of high-end nightclubs and restaurants in uptown Pasig where partygoers can go clubbing with a view of the city as well as its neighbors.

Eat
The cuisine of Pasig tastes slightly different because of the many cultures that converged here. It still offers a unique culinary experience for restaurateurs.

Budget

 * Cafe Juanita - Found in Barangay Kapitolyo, this restaurant is for people who are looking for something with class but on a "coca-cola" budget. This restaurant is literally decorated with all sorts of antiques that are for sale, and the cozy ambiance, the food served are just worth the time. This restaurant specializes in Filipino and other Asian cuisines.
 * Dimas-alang Bakery - Established in 1919, Dimas-alang Bakery hasn't changed the way it bakes its bread through a unique stove. Found in Barangay Kapasigan, it offers all sorts of pastries and other unique delicacies such as pambonete and "di ko akalain".
 * Ado's Panciteria - In the heart of Pasig, this small panciteria has been in business for more than fifty years now, serving their pancit specialty. It has become a well-known favorite among locals.

Sleep
Pasig City is home to the Ortigas Center, where business and financial activities necessitate hotels of premier quality. As such, many four-star and five-star hotels are found here, several of which have official websites at which one can reserve rooms at lower rates than would be typically found using a travel agent.

Go next

 * Mandaluyong
 * Pateros
 * Taguig
 * Eastwood City

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pasig


text:
Pasir Salak

Pasir Salak is a small town in Perak, Malaysia, some 70 km from Ipoh.

Understand
Pasir Salak's main claim to fame is as the site of the assassination of J.W.W. Birch, the first British Resident of Perak, who was speared to death while bathing in the river. Birch's assassin, local chief Maharajalela, is now commemorated as an anti-colonial hero, but the actual cause of the murder was rather more sordid: Maharajalela was a slave trader, whose livelihood depended on capturing and selling local Orang Asli aborigines, but Birch had abolished slavery.

title: Pasir Salak


text:
Paso Robles

Paso Robles, meaning "Oak Pass" or "Pass of the Oaks," is a historical resort town, known for its hot springs, located on the California's Central Coast about 30 miles (46 km) north of San Luis Obispo. Nearby cities include Templeton, San Miguel, and Atascadero. The city is surrounded by mountains, beaches, and deserts. Paso Robles' major industry is wine production, with vineyards throughout the surrounding area. It had a population of about 32,000 (2016).

By plane
San Luis Obispo County Regional ( is the nearest airport served by regional airlines through Los Angeles, San Francisco and Phoenix.

Paso Robles is about halfway between the Los Angeles area and the Bay Area—about three to four hours of drive time from each—and cheaper flights may be available into airports in those areas. Norman Y. Mineta San Jose International Airport is the closest major airport (about two and a half hours by car) and is served by discount airlines (keeping prices fairly low). Other airports in the Bay Area are Oakland International Airport and San Francisco International Airport.

In the Los Angeles area, Hollywood Burbank Airport in Burbank is the closest and most convenient for driving north. Amtrak's Pacific Surfliner trains stop at a station adjacent to Burbank Airport, so you may be able to connect from plane to train there. Los Angeles International Airport is larger and may feature lower fares and lower car rental prices. Other airports in the Los Angeles area are Long Beach Airport, LA/Ontario International Airport, and John Wayne Airport in Santa Ana; however, these are farther away from Paso (in other words, they involve driving through more Los Angeles traffic) and may be more expensive.

Other options are Fresno Yosemite International Airport which is about two hours driving from Paso Robles, and Santa Barbara Airport  also about a two-hour drive from Paso Robles.

By train

 * Route stopping in Paso Robles:
 * Coast Starlight operates daily between Seattle and Los Angeles. Stops include Tacoma, Lacey, Centralia, Kelso, Vancouver, WA, Portland, Salem, Albany, Eugene, Klamath Falls, Dunsmuir, Redding, Chico, Sacramento, Davis, Martinez, San Francisco (Emeryville), Oakland, San Jose, Salinas, Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Oxnard, Simi Valley, Van Nuys, and Burbank.
 * Coast Starlight operates daily between Seattle and Los Angeles. Stops include Tacoma, Lacey, Centralia, Kelso, Vancouver, WA, Portland, Salem, Albany, Eugene, Klamath Falls, Dunsmuir, Redding, Chico, Sacramento, Davis, Martinez, San Francisco (Emeryville), Oakland, San Jose, Salinas, Paso Robles, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Oxnard, Simi Valley, Van Nuys, and Burbank.

By bus
Amtrak Thruway bus has connections lead to the San Joaquins train service via Hanford and bus connections to the Pacific Surfliner in San Luis Obispo.

By car
Paso Robles sits at the intersection of U.S. 101, which runs mostly along the coast between Los Angeles and Seattle, and CA 46, which runs from the coast west of Paso into the San Joaquin Valley. Although Paso Robles is reached more quickly from the Los Angeles area via Interstate 5 to Highway 46, the drive up the coast on Highway 101 is only marginally longer and passes through or near dozens of interesting towns (such as Santa Barbara, Solvang, Pismo Beach, and San Luis Obispo) and gorgeous scenery. From the Bay Area, the main route is on Highway 101, which is less interesting than the approach from the south, although it is slightly shorter. Alternatively, the beautiful but slow Pacific Coast Highway (CA 1) can be accessed just off of Highway 101 near Salinas. The drive follows the coast through Monterey, and Big Sur, and intersects Highway 46 near Cambria and San Simeon (near the famous Hearst Castle).

Highway 46 runs concurrently with Highway 101 for a few miles through the area. Highway 46 leaves Highway 101 to the east in the northern area of town at the 24th Street exit and leaves Highway 101 to the west at the southern edge of town.

By car
Downtown Paso Robles is laid out in a grid to the west of Highway 101, which runs north/south along the Salinas River. Streets running east/west are numbered from south to north (e.g. First Street is the southernmost street). North/south streets are named in no particular fashion. Spring Street, the main street, runs north/south. The historic core of Paso Robles is centered around 12th and 13th streets near City Park.

The historic core features several locally-owned shops and restaurants. Outside of that area, the main commercial developments with chain stores are south of town at the intersection of Highway 101 and Highway 46 West, at the intersection of Niblick Road and River Road, and at the intersection of 24th Street and Highway 101.

Most of the area's vineyards are strewn along Highway 46 on both sides of town. Connoisseurs differentiate the area's wines between those along Highway 46 to the west, which has a cooler and wetter coastal climate, and Highway 46 to the east, which is hotter and drier.

The large area to the east of Highway 101 along Creston and Niblick Roads is mostly residential development.

By bus
Paso Express covers some parts of the city. Buses run every hour.

By bicycle
Getting around Paso Robles on a bicycle is easy. The downtown area, with most of the sights and restaurants, is compact. Take a ride down Vine Street and see the restored Victorian homes. During Christmas, Vine Street is ablaze with decorations on the houses and amateur theater performances in the front yards.

During the spring and fall, you can ride to San Miguel, about seven miles up North River Road, and visit the historic Mission San Miguel Arcángel. The road meanders by the Salinas River and then crosses over to the mission in San Miguel.

During the summer, you can escape Paso heat by taking Santa Rita Creek Road over the coastal range to Morro Bay, starting at Templeton, about a 30-mile ride. This is a dirt road part of the way, and a mountain-type bike is best. Ride into Morro Bay and load up on fish and chips at the bay. Paso Robles is a bike mecca for many enthusiasts throughout the year. There are many hilly and deserted roads around the area with few cars or people.

Do

 * - located in Paso Robles

Connect
Stay up to date with news locally and around the world with these local TV, radio, and newspaper news organizations.
 * KPRL 1230 AM ABC and FOX news with local and national shows.
 * North County Tribune, Local newspaper circulation.
 * Paso Robles Press Local newspaper circulation.
 * KEYT Area TV news station.

Go next

 * Cambria - Located 31 miles west via Highway 46, Cambria offers visitors Moonstone Beach, home to tide pools and the semi-precious stones that give the beach its name. The town also offers an abundance of inns and hotels for those seeking a quiet weekend away.
 * Atascadero - 15 miles to the south of Paso Robles, this town was founded in 1913 as a planned utopian colony, complete with an Italian Renaissance-style town hall surrounded by an expansive Sunken Gardens. The town hall and gardens remain today, and have been joined by the tiny Charles Paddock Zoo, home to 45 species including a pair of red pandas, Malayan tiger, and lemurs.

title: Paso Robles


text:
Passaic

There's more than one place called Passaic:

United States of America

 * Passaic (Missouri) - a village in Bates County, Missouri
 * Passaic (New Jersey) - a city in Passaic County
 * Passaic County - in Gateway (New Jersey), New Jersey

title: Passaic


text:
Passaic (New Jersey)

Passaic is a city in New Jersey.

Understand
Passaic was first settled in 1678 by Dutch traders as Acquackanonk Township. Around 1870, Passaic was designated as its own city. It is bordered on three sides by Clifton, and on the fourth by the Passaic River. It is ten miles from New York City.

More than two thirds of Passaic residents are Hispanic or Latino. However, there is also a sizable Orthodox Jewish community in Southwest Passaic, also known as Passaic Park.

Get in
Passaic is served by NJ Transit via its Main Line (colored yellow on transit maps) between Hoboken and Suffern. is located in the southeastern parts of the city, quite far from the city center. Bus #190 and #702 connects with downtown.

Connect
The local area code is 973.

Synagogues
Passaic has nearly thirty Orthodox synagogues.

title: Passaic (New Jersey)


text:
Passaic County

Passaic County is in the Gateway region of northeastern New Jersey, and is part of the New York City metropolitan area.

Cities

 * — Small town in Passaic county. Borders Paterson.
 * — Small town in Passaic county. Borders Paterson.

See
Dey Mansion, in Preakness, Wayne, served as General George Washington's Headquarters on several occasions during the American Revolutionary War.

Garret Mountain Reservation in Paterson and Woodland Park is a National Natural Landmark covering 568 acres (230 ha).

Skylands, the New Jersey State Botanical Garden in Ringwood, are formal gardens that are open to the public year-round. It was constructed for Clarence MacKenzie Lewis in the 1920s, and the property was acquired by the State of New Jersey in 1966 to form a State Botanical Garden. Its 4,000 acres (16 km²) include a Lilac Garden, Magnolia Walk, the Wild Flower Garden, the Crab Apple Vista, an allée of 166 trees extending almost a half-mile, and the Perennial Garden.

Yogi Berra Stadium in Little Falls is on the campus of Montclair State University. The stadium is home to the New Jersey Jackals of the independent Can-Am League and Montclair State's baseball team.

title: Passaic County


text:
Passau

Passau is a city in Bavaria, Germany, close to the Austrian border. Nowadays, Passau is known for its historic buildings, its university, and its location at the three rivers, and for the last German train station before Austria.

Understand
Passau has a population of around 50,000, and an additional 8,000 when university is active. The city is situated at the point where the river Inn and the river Ilz meet the Danube (Donau), and therefore is often called the "Three River City" (Dreiflüssestadt). It is approx. 2,000 km (1,200 mi) upstream from the estuary of the Danube, at the Austrian border, and enjoys a small but thriving local tourist trade.

The area of Passau was first settled by the Celts, who were living in southern Bavaria ages before the Romans came and founded a fortress here because of the excellent strategic position of the peninsula of Passau. Later on, the fortress grew and Passau became a real city. Much of the money in the city was made from the salt trade with nearby Bohemia (in the present-day Czech Republic), with the salt coming from Bad Reichenhall near Salzburg. In the Middle Ages, Passau's Saint Stephen's Cathedral was the head of the regional church district, which extended all the way to Hungary. Most of the old buildings have survived to this day and are still in active use.

Like much of Bavaria, it's also predominantly Catholic. If you look very closely, however, you can spot Protestant churches.

Most tourists arriving in Passau are on river cruises along the Danube, but there are also many buses that arrive here from all over Germany and Austria. Because Passau is not far from the Czech Republic and Austria, there are many Austrians and Czechs here to work or shop. Although most tourists are native German speakers, you will get around town without much of a problem with only English, given the large number of students.

By plane

 * Linz International Airport, 80 km (50 mi) to the south-east of Passau in Austria, is the closest airport to the city, but also the smallest and least likely to host international flights, with the exception of flights from London Stansted.
 * Munich International Airport, one of the busiest airports in Europe is 150 km (90 mi) to the west of Passau and is most likely the place you will arrive, if you are on a flight from outside Germany. You can take a bus to Freising train station and from there a train to Passau (2 hr 20 min). Taking only the train is less convenient: the quickest way is to take a S-Bahn to Neufahrn, then another to Freising before taking a regional train to Passau (2½ hours). Taking the S-Bahn to Munich and then a train to Passau is longer as it involves a significant journey in the wrong direction. You'll save time by driving.
 * Nuremberg International Airport is situated 200 km (120 mi) to the north-west of Passau and has mostly domestic and a few European connections. That seems quite far away, but given the excellent train connections from Nuremberg to Passau by ICE high-speed trains, that might even beat Munich Airport in terms of travel time to Passau.

By train
(Hauptbahnhof) is located by the River Danube, only 300 m (330 yd) west of the city centre. Due to its location along a high-speed mainline, the city sees quite a lot of train traffic, most notably the hourly ICE high-speed trains between Frankfurt, Nuremberg, and Vienna, as well as direct hourly express trains to and from Munich, Wels, and Linz. There are also regional trains to towns and cities in the Bavarian National Forest.

By car
Passau is on the German A3 autobahn (which continues into Austria, as the A8) with three exits, Passau-Nord (115), Passau-Mitte (116), and Passau-Süd (117), and is also well connected to the German and Austrian federal highway network.

By boat
Passau is a regular port of call for river cruises on the Danube, and also has regular scheduled connections to Regensburg, Linz, and Vienna.

By bike
Passau is located along the Danube Bike Path (EV6), a very popular European long-distance cycling route.

Get around
Passau is a little spread out, but most places you will want to see are within walking distance, and buses run frequently (until 23:00) and are fairly cheap. On the other hand, if you walk 20 min from the city center in the right direction you are in Austria. You can catch taxis, but they can be a little pricey.

Buy
There's a bunch of tourist shops around Passau, so you can easily find some original Bavarian Lederhosn or a Bavarian hat to take home as a souvenir.

In and around the central shopping mall as well as in close by Bahnhofstraße you will find the typical highstreet shops like H&M, Orsay, New Yorker and C&A, several shoe shops (Sutor, Görtz 17, Roland), home decoration stores (Butlers, Depot) as well as several book shops. On the first floor of the book shop Pustet there's also a nice little cafe where you can chill out and enjoy a Cappuccino whilst having a read.

Eat
Passau has quite a lot of restaurants in the city and the competition means that you are unlikely to get a bad meal. You can regularly find some good deals (like pizza or pasta and a glass of wine for €5.50). It is, however, much more expensive than eating at home, so locals don't eat out every night.

The breweries and pubs often serve food as well as beer. See the Drink section below.

Budget
All these are in the city centre:

Drink
Passau has 5 breweries. Every pub or restaurant seems to be associated with one of them. The beer is delicious and cheap.

Like the rest of Germany, buying alcohol out is more expensive than buying it at the supermarket. Service has a big price tag here. The student pubs are almost as cheap as a supermarket, though.

There are a few beer gardens in Passau, and a couple that pass the "real beer garden test". That being, you can bring your own food to them regardless of whether they sell food themselves or not. Beer gardens developed because breweries used to plant trees atop their underground cellars (mostly laying a bit outside of the city) to keep them cool, and the result was a really nice atmosphere to relax with a beer in hand. Beer gardens tend to open in the spring and close in the fall as the weather cools again.

Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays are the nightlife nights. On Thursdays, you have bar-trivia at the Irish Pub "Shamrock" where your group can win €60 (or up to €120 with the jackpot). Questions are in both English and German. "Shamrock" is owned by a Welshman, and the employees all speak English as do most of the clientele. The barmen and waitresses come from all across Europe (France, USA, Australia, Poland) and make fascinating drinking companions.

Close to the Shamrock there's Hossi's Bar, which is a popular small cocktail bar and Cubana, which is always busy on weekends.

Some more drinking spots can be found in the part of town known as Innstadt (an old, picturesque part of town across the river Inn): Colors, Joe's Garage and Bluenotes.

The oldest and probably still most popular club in town is Camera, which is located very centrally in a basement close to McDonald's.

Go next
German trains regularly go through Passau to/from Munich, Regensburg and Austria - there is no shortage of them. Especially if you want to go to Munich, it pays to be at the station a little earlier, as there are usually people looking for travellers who want to share the cost of a Bayern-Ticket. It costs €23 for one person and €5 for every additional person for a party up to five, but is not valid on ICE and IC high-speed trains.

title: Passau


text:
Passport

A passport is a personal identification document for travel issued by national governments to their citizens.

Passports are usually complemented by visas, which are issued by the country the traveller intends to visit. These can always be obtained through an embassy or consulate, and sometimes at a border crossing; they are usually pasted or stamped onto one of the passport pages. A valid passport or visa do not guarantee entry into another country.

A passport can sometimes also be used as identification in your own country, which is especially handy if your country has no national ID card and/or drivers licenses are not accepted or you don't have one.

Historically, small children often could be included on a parent's passport. Today, many countries require children to have their own passport. Even when not required, having a passport for your child is a good idea. For example, if a baby is on Mom's passport and Mom has to fly home for some reason, then she must take the baby with her. If the baby has their own passport, you have more options.

Children travelling with only one parent may require additional documentation. This documentation may be a court order granting that parent sole custody or a notarized document in which the other parent gives permission. There are often strict measures in place for many countries to prevent incidents in which one parent takes a child, without the other parent's permission or in defiance of a court order, to another country.

Contents
On modern passports "PASSPORT" / "PASSEPORT" / "PASAPORTE" and the standard page of basic identifying information are printed in the official language(s) of the issuing nation plus at least one of English, French or Spanish.

The cover page includes the word "passport" and the name of the issuing country in the native language(s) of the issuing country (and possibly a second language, such as English); a coat of arms or national symbol; and in the case of biometric passports, a special, universal symbol. The name of a trading bloc such as the European Union (perhaps in another language), Mercosur or CARICOM may appear above or below the country name in cases where the group of countries issues passports designed to a common standard. The inside cover and first page usually contain introductory text, such as a disclaimer that the passport is the property of the issuing government, and a written request for safe passage and assistance to the bearer in the event of an emergency.

The information page of the passport records basic information about the passport. It lists your given name and surname; a photo; date and place of birth; validity period; issuing authority, place of issue and issue date; and passport number. Today most passports include machine readable information and many countries demand passports of visitors to be machine readable for them to be granted certain types of visa.

Most of the remaining pages will be blank. This provides space for amendments (where the bearer country's issuing may place travel restrictions, change conditions for travel abroad, or amend the period of validity), visas from foreign embassies or consulates, and stamps from passport control officers on entry and exit from various countries visited. An increasing number of countries, including Australia, Canada, Hong Kong, Macau, Singapore, the United States, and Schengen countries (for Irish, Cypriots, Bulgarian, and Romanians only which are EU but non-Schengen citizens) no longer stamp the passports of most visitors. Instead, the details of admission will be printed on a slip of paper (Hong Kong and Macau), sent to a traveller's email address on file (Singapore), or made viewable through a website (U.S.) or app. In some cases, a stamp can be given on request.

A few pages may serve to provide helpful legal and practical information. The U.S. passport contains six pages of website URLs and contact information that addresses travel restrictions and concerns (treasury restrictions on imports, paying taxes while in a foreign country, registering your stay in a foreign country), common sense subjects (don't be a target, be mindful of security threats, ways to lose citizenship), instruction on obtaining consular assistance in an emergency and on reporting and replacing lost, stolen or damaged passports.

Only the information page and the booklet's physical dimensions are standardised by ICAO. The issuing nation or trading bloc is free to change any of the other content at will.

Extra pages

Some destinations require there to be two blank pages in your passport before you enter the country. If you are running low on blank pages, some countries may issue a new passport "cross-linked", or even physically bound, to the old one. The old passport must have a blank page for the authority to endorse a cross-link. This is useful not only when a passport is running low on blank pages, but also in cases where the visa outlasts the passport that contains it.

Some countries used to offer the addition of extra pages to an existing passport (for free or a fee) at a passport office, embassy, or consulate. Due to ICAO's "write-once" policy on biometric passports, this option is not available for those who have biometric passports. The U.S. and UK no longer add extra pages to existing passports, but may offer the option of a 48 or 52-page booklet (instead of the standard 28 pages) when the passport is originally issued.

A second passport
It can be possible for a person to hold multiple passports from a single country at the same time, although not all countries allow this. Even for those countries where this is allowed, it is something of a rarity. Not everyone knows that it is both possible and legal to have two or more passports — and this includes some immigration officials in more remote places. If you are off the beaten track, it is advisable to only show the passport that is needed for that particular border, as multiple forms of the same ID can look suspicious.

Instances where second (or even third) passports can be issued include:
 * if there is little or no space left for new visas, but the current passport has valid visas that are still needed. In this case, both passports would need to be valid simultaneously.
 * if you need to submit your passport to two or more embassies at the same time for visas.
 * a representative of a national government (head of state, minister of government, ambassador or high commissioner) who may be issued a diplomatic or official passport with a cover in a different color from the country's standard individual passport. If not travelling on official government business, the standard passport is used.
 * Some countries (such as Libya and Iran, among others) will not allow entry to people whose passports show evidence of travel to Israel, so a new passport will be necessary for travel to those countries. See Israel and Visa trouble for more information.
 * If a place is insisting that they require a passport as collateral (Hotels, car rental), providing them the second passport not used for entry is the safer option. If they wrongfully withhold this passport, the damage done is reduced, as you still have the correct passport to clear immigration.

Regular (or tourist) passport
This is the most common type of passport issued to citizens for general international travel for both tourism and business.

Diplomatic passport
As the name implies, this passport is typically issued to senior diplomats and their immediate family members, as well as high-level government officials. Visa requirements are often different.

Official passport
This type of passport is generally issued to government employees, military personnel, and elected officials for work-related travel. These are often treated like diplomatic passports, although the covers will differ in color from standard or diplomatic passports.

Internal passport
In some countries, an internal passport is an identity document that often serves as a citizen's identity card. Only two countries issue internal passports: Russia and North Korea.

Citizens of Russia cannot be issued an internal passport at their local consulate or embassy; they must be physically present in the country to get it.

A Belarussian passport is unique in the sense that it serves as both an internal and external passport.

Passport cards and EDLs
The Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative, a U.S. law which since 2009 has required a valid passport or other approved secure document for even the most trivial "international" trips overland between the U.S. and adjacent points (such as Canada, Mexico, Bermuda and the Caribbean), has been accompanied by a flood of specialized identity cards and trusted traveller programs. These cards do not comply with ICAO standards; they are intended as passport alternatives for travel to adjacent countries by land or sea. They are not usable for air travel.

If you live on CanUSA Street in tiny Beebe Plain, Vermont these cards will let you leave your driveway. (The road, Québec Route 247, is in Canada.)

Likewise, a Border Crossing Card issued by the U.S. government to a few trusted travellers in Mexico substitutes for both a passport card and a tourist (B2) visa.

Along the Canada-U.S. border, a few states (Michigan, New York, Vermont, and Washington) and provinces (British Columbia, Manitoba) issue an enhanced driver's license (EDL). U.S. authorities accept the card as functionally the same as a passport card, routinely accepted for re-entry into the U.S. by land or sea. Canadian authorities regard an EDL as proof of identity, but not proof of nationality, so they should be used along with a birth certificate or another proof of citizenship.

The U.S. passport card has identical requirements to the passport book, but is issued in card form for convenience. It is cheaper than a passport book (only $35), but otherwise no easier to obtain. It can be used as proof of citizenship, and for entry at land borders and seaports of WHTI countries. The Passport card cannot be used for international air travel.

U.S. state-issued enhanced driver's licenses often cost more than the $30 passport card for a validity period that is half or less. In addition, you might forfeit any existing time on your existing driver's license, and you're left with just one form of ID, instead of two. Even if a regular U.S. passport book has expired, you have five years to apply without extra fees for verification.

Canada does not issue a "passport card". Canadian passport renewals are possible if the passport expired less than a year ago, but incur the same onerous fees as a new passport ($190/5yrs or $260/10yrs, plus the photo).

If you lose your wallet, a couple of forms of alternate identification are often needed to get your driver's licence and other cards replaced. An ICAO-style standard passport, because it's separate from your other documents, is invaluable in this case.

Irish citizens may also avail of a Passport card in addition to a Passport booklet - unlike the US Passport card, the Irish Passport card is valid for air travel within the European Union and EEA and to Great Britain. At passport control, the Irish Passport card functions to all intents and purposes in the same way as an ID card issued by an EU member state.

Identity cards
Most European countries have some form of government-issued ID that is often mandatory to possess for every citizen above a certain age and is accepted in lieu of a passport when crossing some international borders. Within the Schengen area, this type of ID is all you need to legally cross borders, even though some airlines might think otherwise. Citizens of EEA countries can also use this ID card to enter countries on the Balkan Peninsula and Turkey (from the West, not from Iran, Iraq, Syria), despite the fact that they are not part of the EU.

Most countries in South America are members of the Mercosur organization. Citizens of such countries can travel to other Mercosur countries with just their national ID card.

The Central American countries of El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Guatemala also allow their citizens to move freely between those countries with just a national government-issued ID card. The agreement establishing this zone of free movement further stipulates that citizens of third countries don't get charged or their passport stamped upon crossing a border between for example Honduras and El Salvador. However, the actual enforcement of this rule may very well depend on the mood of border officials.

Hong Kong permanent residents can use their identity card to enter Macau, and vice versa.

Other permits
To enter mainland China, citizens of Hong Kong and Macau, are required to apply for a Home Return Permit (回鄉證/回乡证). The Chinese government does not allow them to enter using their passports. Likewise, a mainland Chinese passport is not accepted for entry into Hong Kong and Macau; mainland Chinese citizens need to obtain an Exit-Entry Permit for Travelling to and from Hong Kong and Macau (往来港澳通行证).

Taiwanese passports are not accepted for entry into mainland China due to the Chinese government's non-recognition of Taiwan as an independent country. Instead, Taiwanese citizens need to apply for a Taiwan Compatriot Pass (臺胞證/台胞证) from the Chinese government. Likewise, Chinese passports are not accepted for entry to Taiwan, and mainland Chinese citizens instead need to apply for a Taiwan Entry Permit (入臺證/入台证) from the Taiwanese government.

Temporary or emergency passports
If your passport is lost or stolen, it may take considerable time to issue a replacement — for example, Canadian missions typically require at least 20 working days after you give them the application with all required documentation. This can be seriously inconvenient if you are abroad, especially if you have onward travel planned or if you also have to go to local authorities to replace the visa which was in the lost passport.

Many missions can also issue a temporary or emergency passport. For some countries, only one is available; for others, they are two different documents. This is much faster, e.g. for Canada three working days. Some restrictions apply to these passports. An emergency passport is usually good for only one journey and a temporary one only for a few months. Also, some countries may have different visa requirements for them; for example the Philippines provides a visa-on-arrival for holders of many passports, but anyone with an emergency or temporary passport from any country must obtain a visa in advance. Airlines will refuse to fly you without it.

Certificate of identity
A refugee or stateless person cannot obtain a passport. Under the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, these persons may obtain a passport-like booklet bearing the words "Travel Document" from the country in which they've taken refuge. Historically, the UN High Commission on Refugees issued documents which served a similar purpose to the individual-nation "re-entry permit" or "Certificate of Identity". As none of these confer citizenship, most countries will not allow visa-free or visa-on-arrival travel to people using these.

In Hong Kong, new immigrants who haven't become permanent residents can apply for the Document of Identity for Visa Purposes which works essentially the same as normal passports. However, document of identity holders enjoy much less visa-free privilege.

Meanwhile, Taiwanese travellers who wish to visit places which deny holders of Taiwanese passports, or simply inconvenient to apply for a Taiwan Compatriot Pass for a visit to China can also apply for a Travel Document (中华人民共和国旅行证) issued by Chinese (PRC) foreign embassies or consulates, which won't affect their Taiwanese citizenship. However, airlines and other businesses may not be familiar with Chinese travel documents, so you should prepare for explanation.

The United Nations and Interpol issue passport-like documents to a limited number of their own officials. The willingness of individual countries to accept these as stand-alone travel documents (instead of requiring they be used with a national passport) varies.

Other documents
In many countries, foreigners who have been granted long-term stay or permanent residency may be required to apply for some sort of identity card issued by local authorities, which certifies additional privileges (such as multiple entry and exit) when used in conjunction with your passport.

Technology and security
Over the years, the way passports are produced have changed. Passports with handwritten information pages still exist, although they are being phased out due to security concerns.

Beginning in the 1990s, machine-readable passports have been gradually introduced. In them the personal data is encoded into two strips at the bottom of the page, allowing it to be read automatically. This helps speed up lines at most passport control stations, as there is less for officers to manually type into the computers.

Most nations have implemented biometric passports, containing an RFID (radio frequency identification device) chip which contains (depending on issuing country) an electronic recording of passport data, a photograph, and/or fingerprints. Consequently, personal appearance at a designated application centre (including a post office) has become mandatory. Basically, an RFID station issues a signal, and the RFID chip responds with some or all of its data. They are highly useful for customs and immigration officials to more quickly and accurately identify and process you. However, these chips can be read by others as well; the equipment typically has a range of about a metre and is moderately priced, widely available and easily concealed. This creates several security problems: If concerned, you might:
 * tracking by intrusive governments
 * tracking by merchants or con artists who target certain nationals
 * identity theft where the thief starts with all the information on your passport
 * inquire of the issuer as to the RFID security measures. Some passports, e.g. Swiss ones, don't respond to any signals when closed.
 * do Internet research to understand the issues.
 * choose to use a passport wallet that confines the RFID signals until you deliberately remove your passport for inspection by officials. Such wallets are available at moderate cost from better travel accessory merchants. Many of the "geek" clothing sites on the web also have them.

Where and how to apply
Your home country's passport issuing authority will most often be part of the ministry of foreign affairs (the State Department for the U.S.) or the ministry controlling the border guards, immigration, national police, or registration of person (HM Passport Office is part of the UK Home Office). Applicants may go to their nearest representative or satellite office or third-party intermediary authorised to receive applications on their behalf. In this case, applicants need to visit the website of the passport issuing authority for more details.

 * In some countries, applications can be initiated online. In some cases, you will be required to print, sign, and submit the application form you filled in online, while in other instances the form will be directly submitted to the issuing authority for processing.
 * Regardless of the issuing authority, in many countries passports are physically issued by major police stations or local city council offices.
 * In some countries, post offices have application forms and instructions.
 * Passport offices operate in the largest cities; it may be possible to apply in person or by mail.
 * If there's nothing available locally in your region, the office of your elected representative to national government sometimes may offer assistance.
 * If you are abroad, you can go to your home country's embassy or consulate to apply. This sometimes involves longer issuing times and higher fees given the need to transport them to and from a single processing centre in the issuing country.

To obtain your first passport, you will have to provide documentation with your application proving your identity and claim to citizenship. There will likely be a fee; the issuing government may also require the signature of one or more guarantors (specific national requirements vary, but this person must be a fellow citizen who knew you for some minimum length of time — often a couple of years — and may be required to hold a passport, a professional license or some other easily-verified credential).

Personal appearance is increasingly mandatory given the requirement to collect biometric identifiers from the applicant. In some cases you will be required to book an appointment and the application centre may not accept mere walk-ins to manage security, workloads, and processing times.

A recent, clear, head-and-shoulders color photo in some specific size and format is needed. Often they want two copies, one to be mounted and embossed in the finished document by the passport issuing center, and one for their files. There may be additional requirements such as having a neutral expression and looking at the camera (not easy for a baby), having the photographer indicate their name in addition to the place and date the photo was taken, or having a guarantor sign the photo to indicate that it shows the applicant. Some countries, on the other hand, do not allow you to bring your own photos. To ensure authenticity and best quality, photos will be taken on the spot by the employee processing your application.

Passport photos can be taken at some passport application centers (for example, the United States Postal Service and Post Office in the UK receive passport applications and offer passport photos for citizens in their respective countries). Passport photos can also be taken at photo studios, pharmacies, and some self-service photo booths (if they meet the technical requirements). Automobile associations often offer photos to their members at a slight discount. There are also smartphone apps that let users take passport photos at home, but not all countries accept these.

If you are getting passport photos taken, consider having a few extra printed since some countries require them for visa applications. Photos can be painfully expensive in many countries. In some countries, though (particularly in Africa or Asia) they cost very little. Also keep in mind that the photo size required for a visa application of another country may differ from the standard passport size. So when you are travelling, make sure you have a good supply.

Once you have a passport, many nations can use it to substantiate your identity when you apply for a new one, i.e. documentary requirements to prove your identity and citizenship will be much less. Each application must be accompanied by one or more photos, more or less similar to your first passport. Lastly, as noted by Erma Bombeck in 1991, "when you look like your passport photo it's time to go home".

What if I lose it while travelling?
Some people have experienced the nightmare of losing their passport. If this happens, take a deep breath and contact your embassy or consulate immediately to begin the replacement process. It can take anywhere from a few days to several weeks to get a new passport in a foreign country, depending on your citizenship and your location.

Some countries offer "emergency passports" or "emergency travel documents" if you can convince them that you can't wait out the normal turnaround time (see above). These documents usually have a very short-term validity, typically only being good for one journey to your home country, although some may be valid longer. They take much less time to obtain than a full-blown replacement passport — often just hours. The process can be expedited by having a copy of the original, as discussed below. A police report is useful and may even be required by your embassy/consulate, even if there was no crime involved. Don't forget to bring a couple of passport photos.

Make copies
Seasoned travellers often carry multiple photocopies of their passport (and other important documents, such as visas) when abroad. You should keep copies in locations separate from the originals, e.g. folded together in your wallet, in your luggage, or even scanned into a computer.
 * This is especially useful when travelling in areas where risk of loss or theft is high. Lacking an original, a copy could save you from problems with local authorities by quickly showing them something that indicates you are authorized to be there — before they arrest you.
 * Copies also may make a replacement passport easier to obtain through your embassy or consulate so you can return home. You should also make or get a copy of any entry visa required to enter a country.

Use original passports when demanded by authorities, such as when checking in for a flight, at immigration as you reach another country, or for cruise ship embarkation processing.
 * If afoot, with your passport elsewhere (e.g. at your hotel), a copy and government-issued photo identification are decent substitutes that give authorities reason to check your hotel before official action.
 * If cruising, unless the ship's staff states that passports are necessary for a port visit, leave them in your cabin's safe and take the copies and ID instead.

Copies are best done in color, and at least of the primary page(s) of each original. Two adjacent pages of two passports can often fit on a single sheet of copy paper.

Giving your passport to others
In some countries, such as China, it may be necessary for your long-term residence or immigration status to be registered with the local police. It is advisable to give your passport to a trusted agent if you will not do this in person. Often the employer will have a staff member handle this.

Some countries require hotels to keep photocopies of your passport, both the photo and the visa page. It is not clear whether they are required to check the visa and call police if it is expired, but certainly some will refuse a room if your visa is not correct. If you don't trust hotel staff with your passport, for instance if staff have to leave the hotel premises to make a copy, you can provide your own photocopies.

Under international law it is quite legal for anyone you do business with to ask to see a passport as positive ID, and even to keep a photocopy for their records - how they use the data found on that passport will be subject to data privacy or data protection laws of the country they are in. However it is not legal to ask anyone to surrender a passport for any purpose except visa processing by the host government, things your consulate might do like renewing your passport or issuing one for your child, or when ordered to by a court of law (e.g. when the passport holder is subject to legal proceedings and is granted bail). Not "for safe keeping" or as any sort of "security guarantee". If your passport is taken for any such reason, contact your embassy or consulate; they can demand that the host government get it back for you and, at least in theory, that government is obligated to do so; typically they will contact local police who will in turn contact whoever has the passport. However, while international law is absolutely clear on this, it may not work in all countries.

Expiry dates
The expiry date on your passport is the last day it can be accepted as proof of your identity to obtain key services within your home country (e.g. opening a bank account, voting). For travel however, the last date when you can use a passport is well before the expiration date. As you start international travel, most immigration authorities and transport companies (such as airlines or cruise lines) will demand that your passport have sufficient time before it expires, which is typically six months. They are helping to ensure that you will meet immigration requirements of the countries you'll visit: these often include having three or six months of validity left on your passport; depending on the country you are entering, you may be required to have it upon your arrival (i.e. your passport should expire no sooner than three or six months after you enter the country) or on your expected departing date. In the latter case, your passport should expire no sooner than three or six months after you plan to leave the country (to this respect, you are usually also required to submit proof of your outbound trip, such as an international airline ticket); this is the case, for example, when requesting a Chinese visa. You may have to stay longer than planned, for instance due to serious injury or illness. Overstaying your visa or holding an expired passport without any pending renewal application could have serious consequences.

If your passport does not have sufficient time before expiring, then you may be denied boarding or entry into a foreign country. If remaining validity is a requisite for obtaining an entry visa, you are likely to be denied.

Passports from many countries (Australia, most EU nations, the U.S.) remain valid for ten years. Others allow shorter validity, such as Sweden (five years) and Belgium (seven years). For some countries, such as Canada, it depends on the passport type; older passports were only good for five years but the new RFID ones are good for ten. In many countries the period of validity depends on age; even if adults get ten-year passports, children may get only five. You may also get a passport only for a limited duration when the required age for military conscription is nearing. Some countries don't accept old passports; a passport may be regarded as expired after ten years regardless of its expiry date.

All passports will eventually expire, and depending on your country it can take anywhere from one day to four months or longer to issue a new one; order your passport well ahead of your intended trip. Some countries offer a faster delivery of the new passport for a higher fee than the normal one.

In some countries, particularly the United States and the United Kingdom, a multiple-entry visa affixed on an expired passport remains valid until its expiry date, and you should bring both the expired passport (with the visa) and your new passport, if you still wish to use the visa.

Other restrictions
Citizens of many countries may not have legal or constitutional rights to be issued a passport by their country of citizenship. The passport can thus be denied. Those convicted of certain illegal drug and sex crimes may be ineligible, especially if they're on probation or parole. Also, those who owe money for taxes, child support, etc. Even if no law was broken, service in the military or government of a foreign nation may cause ineligibility, especially if you were a non-citizen where you served. On the other hand, if you immigrated to another country and later became a citizen, prior service would rarely be a problem to obtaining a passport of your new nationality.

In some countries, travellers may be required to surrender their passport to local authorities at certain times, such as when they are subject to criminal proceedings (for example, this can be one of the conditions for being released on bail, to ensure that the traveller is not a flight risk). An exit visa is required to leave some countries and that may be denied for various reasons.

In some cases, countries with poor or no diplomatic relations with another country may bar the bearers of the other country's passport (or merely having stamps of that other country) from seeking entry.

Israel
Israeli passport holders, as well as anyone with an Israeli entry/exit stamp in their passport (or even any other proof of having been to Israel), will face restrictions and possibly be denied entry to many Arab or Muslim states. Similarly, entry into Israel with a passport from an Arab or Muslim state (or stamps from them) can cause long delays and possibly denial of entry.

Cuba
U.S. citizens who do not get special permission from the U.S. State Department to visit Cuba have a similar problem: for a U.S. citizen to spend money in Cuba without permission from the Treasury Department is a punishable crime, and any visit is presumed to involve expenditures of money. Cuban authorities, too, will stamp a separate piece of paper, if so requested. However, multiple entry stamps to third countries like Mexico could be a red flag.

North Korea
U.S. and South Korean citizens face restrictions by their respective governments from visiting North Korea. They may travel there only for approved reasons and must seek a special permit to do so from the relevant government agency.

Multiple citizenship
Multiple citizenship can cause some trouble. On one hand you may have obligations that don't get enforced as long as you don't enter the country where they apply, on the other hand you may need to "pose" as a citizen of the right country during your travel – and which one is right varies.

Multiple citizenship may be especially problematic in countries that don't recognise it, and in cases where you got a non-renounceable citizenship "by accident", such as travelling to the United States just to be born, or (as a woman) marrying an immigrant from Iran.

 * In many countries, you are legally required to use the passport you used to enter the country to exit from it. In most, it may cause practical difficulties, such as being accused of overstaying, if you don't.
 * Equally challenging: when flying into a country, if possible you should use on entry the passport you used to check in for the flight.
 * Once you've entered a country, you should generally keep using whatever passport you used to enter it for the whole time you're there. (The obvious exception is that you might want to use a different passport to check in for your flight out.)
 * In some countries, such as Australia, Colombia, South Africa and the United States, you are legally required to use that country's passport to enter and exit the country if you are a citizen of it, even if you hold multiple citizenships.
 * Some countries do not recognize multiple citizenship; therefore, being found in possession of another country's passport may cause you legal problems. Penalties could include stripping you of the citizenship of the country that you are in. You must also ensure that you enter the country with the passport of that country or risk being accused of entering illegally.
 * Multiple citizenship does not exempt you from legal responsibilities such as military conscription or paying taxes in the countries of your nationalities – and serving in a foreign military is also grounds for loss of citizenship in many countries. There is often an exception for conscription, and agreements to avoid double taxation, but there is no general guarantee for such exceptions to apply.
 * It is very unlikely that consular assistance is available from any of your other countries if you need help in a country where you are a citizen. Often a prisoner can ask to be transferred to their own country, but this option may not be available for you.
 * If you have multiple citizenship, you may find yourself wanting to leave a country on one passport and then enter another country on a different passport, for instance to avoid visa fees. If you want to do this at a land border crossing, contact a consulate beforehand, in writing, to ask if it will be all right. Even if they say it'll be okay, the second country's border control may be confused by your lack of an exit stamp – if so, explain your situation; they may ask to see your other passport, but they have surely seen dual citizens before. In some countries, border officials may insist on you using the same passport on both sides of the border, so it really is important to ask first and get the answer in writing. When traveling by air, this is not typically a problem.

Exit visa or stamp
The countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates) require foreigners on certain classes of visas to obtain exit visas in order to leave the country. The most notable example is those on work visas, who are required to obtain permission from their employer in order to leave the country.

title: Passport


text:
Passu

Passu is a village on the Karakoram Highway in the Gojal region of Gilgit-Baltistan. Although it has fewer accommodation options than some of its neighbouring villages, it has several attractions that might interest the visitor.

By car
Via the Karakoram Highway

By bus
Busses come and go from the northern end of the village and link Passu with other villages and towns along the Karakoram Highway.

Get around
The village is small enough to get around on foot.

Do

 * Hiking is the main activity to do in Passu
 * Plenty more hikes which can be led by local guides.
 * Plenty more hikes which can be led by local guides.
 * Plenty more hikes which can be led by local guides.
 * Plenty more hikes which can be led by local guides.

Eat

 * Most guesthouses have a restaurant attached.

Sleep

Go next

 * Sost - gateway to China and the Chapursan valley.
 * Shimshal - Getting to this isolated village is an adventure in itself, the road to Shimal is a right turn off the Karakoram highway about 5 km north of Passu.
 * Karimabad - Capital of Hunza.

title: Passu


text:
Pasto

Pasto is a city in the southwest of Colombia.

City of the South Colombian West, with a population superior to the 400,000 inhabitants and capital of the department of Nariño. Pasto is one of the oldest cities of Colombia, located in the Atriz Valley, in the middle of the Mountain range of the Andes in the denominated mountainous bulk of the Pasto on the foot of Galeras volcano. The region is mountainous and surrounded by several indigenous towns.

Understand
Pasto is a city where different cultures are mixed. The dominant one, without a doubt, is the Andean culture. Unequivocal evidence of this is the Black and White Carnival, in which 'pastusos' (People from Pasto; local denomination) celebrate with colors and joy the incredible richness of their culture. The city is located in the Atriz Valley, at the foot of the Galeras Volcano, which can be observed from any angle of the city.

Pasto is a very religious city, with beautiful temples that certainly represent the architectural wealth of the city. Some of them are very ancient and have been mixed with the modern and colonial styles simultaneously.

Crafts are an important tradition in Pasto, from which the so-called Pasto varnish is the most well-known. Leather, ceramics, and wooden products also constitute the historical and cultural legacy of the city.

Culture

 * Black and White Carnival, January 2nd-7th

The Black and White Carnival is a celebration that was declared Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO on 2009, in addition to its previous title of Cultural Heritage of the Nation honored by the congress of the Republic of Colombia in April 2002.

The Black and Whitre Carnival consists of various popular festivities that are held every year between the 2nd and the 7th of January by the extremely friendly and welcoming people from San Juan de Pasto (Pasto). During these days the streets of Pasto become an urban playground where men, women, children of all ethnicities and background use black, white and colour cosmetics to paint each other as a symbol of communion and joy in their ethnic and cultural differences. Besides the "painting each other" game, people enthusiastically join street parades which are the main highlight of the Carnival. Parades take place on January 4th (Castaneda family arrival), 5th (Black's day) and 6th (White's day) featuring floats artcrafted by local artisans and traditional dances and bands from other villages and in some cases countries like Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia.

Today the Black and White Carnival in Pasto attracts a considerable number of tourists from several parts of the world and became a "must see highlight" featured in the calendar of Colombian and World festivities. Joining the kind people from Pasto in their houses and streets to participate in parade floats and traditional dances is a togetherness experience that was treasured in the memories of lucky few and now is open to the world!

Climate
Unlike some areas in Colombia, Pasto has a 'cold' climate, with day-time temperatures oscillating between 13°C and 20°C most of the year. Occasionally, temperatures can drop to 10°C and rise to 25°C. It is a good idea to carry a sweater with you.

 * Average Temperature: 14ºC
 * Annual average precipitation: 700 mmts
 * Altitude: 2527 meters over the sea level
 * Humidity: approximately 88%

By plane
The Antonio Nariño Airport receives Flights from Bogota and Cali. The airport is 30 min away from the city, and enjoys frequent transportation by bus or taxi.

 * Satena
 * Avianca

By car
Pasto is connected with paved roads, such as the Panamerican highway to the rest of the country. You could rent a car an enjoy the beautiful scenery in the area surrounding the city. Airport Car Rental.

By bus
Direct buses run from Bogota, Cali, Popayan, and Ipiales (close to the Ecuadorian border). Connections are easy to make in any of these cities for any further destinations.

You could get your tickets in the web page of some companies. Below are some of the most common ones

 * Expreso Bolivariano
 * Transipiales
 * Cootranar

Approximate ticket prices:

 * Pasto - Popayán COP$50,000 (Oct 2023)
 * Pasto - Cali COP$35,000
 * Pasto - Tumaco COP$24,000
 * Ipiales - Pasto : COP$15,000
 * Pasto - Mocoa : COP$50,000

You can also buy your tickets in the Terminal de Transportes de Pasto.

Get around
A short taxi run in the city costs around COP$5000. If going from one end of the city to the other it can cost up to COP$6000. Those prices are fixed! You can request a taxi by calling 7320000 or 7323743.

See

 * Laguna Verde - 72 km form Pasto in the city of Tuquerres, this is a beautiful green lake located in the crater of the volcano Azufral. You can hike from the bus terminal (16 km), get an hourly bus to San Roque (COP$1000 then 10 km walk) or a taxi to the park entrance (COP$20,000 or less). Register at the park entrance and then the walk is 6 km. The entrance is around 3700 m high and the volcano reaches 4,070 meters over the sea . To get to Tuquerres, get a bus from the terminal in Pasto (COP$6000) or a shared taxi (COP$9000). This is also easily accessible from Ipiales and makes a great stop between the 2 cities. As of April 2018, the park is closed until further notice.
 * Laguna Verde - 72 km form Pasto in the city of Tuquerres, this is a beautiful green lake located in the crater of the volcano Azufral. You can hike from the bus terminal (16 km), get an hourly bus to San Roque (COP$1000 then 10 km walk) or a taxi to the park entrance (COP$20,000 or less). Register at the park entrance and then the walk is 6 km. The entrance is around 3700 m high and the volcano reaches 4,070 meters over the sea . To get to Tuquerres, get a bus from the terminal in Pasto (COP$6000) or a shared taxi (COP$9000). This is also easily accessible from Ipiales and makes a great stop between the 2 cities. As of April 2018, the park is closed until further notice.
 * Laguna Verde - 72 km form Pasto in the city of Tuquerres, this is a beautiful green lake located in the crater of the volcano Azufral. You can hike from the bus terminal (16 km), get an hourly bus to San Roque (COP$1000 then 10 km walk) or a taxi to the park entrance (COP$20,000 or less). Register at the park entrance and then the walk is 6 km. The entrance is around 3700 m high and the volcano reaches 4,070 meters over the sea . To get to Tuquerres, get a bus from the terminal in Pasto (COP$6000) or a shared taxi (COP$9000). This is also easily accessible from Ipiales and makes a great stop between the 2 cities. As of April 2018, the park is closed until further notice.

Buy
They are plenty of shops around the city to buy handcrafts. They are expensive but worth to have it. Some of them are listed below.
 * Artesanías de Colombia S.A, Cr 19 # 26-66.
 * Artesanías Jaramillo, Commercial center "Bombona".
 * La Casa del Barniz de Pasto, St 13 # 24-92.

Eat
Eat outside is really cheap. But, some dishes could be quite expensive like Cuy. Anyway, you could try nice empanadas and tamales they are very cheap and different than in other places.

 * Cuy or Conejillo de Indias. Animal of the Cavia sort and Porcellus species used in the department of Nariño and specially in its capital, Pasto, as nutritional source. With a high protein content 21%, and a low fat content, this animal is the typical and favorite dish of Pastusos. In Pasto the guinea pig is mainly fed with grass, and sometimes with concentrate. The cooking procedures for the traditional cuy is the roasted guinea pig, and it is obtained in different restaurants in the city or places nearby.
 * Empanadas: These are made of fermented-corn dough. In all Nariño, especially in the Andean zone, they can be filled with meat, rice and green beans. The texture of the dough gives them their characteristic sharp flavor. Also try quimbolitos,  juanesca, and frito
 * Asadero de Cuyes Pinzon, Crr 40#19B-763, 7313228.
 * Casa Vasca, St 12A # 29-10 San Ignacio Neighborhood, Tel 7230242.
 * Gualcacuy, Av Panamericana # 19-66 tel, 7222093.
 * Juanambú, St 25 # 17-83, tel 7235216.
 * La Cabaña, St 16 # 25-20, Tel 723862.
 * Sausalito, St 35A # 20-63, Tel 7230908.

Drink
You could find chicha and Guarapo in many places in south america. But you should try 'Hervidos They are unique!

 * Chicha : Homemade fermented drink. It is made with the fermentation of maize.
 * Guarapo: Homemade fermented drink, sometimes it is just juice of raw sugar cane.
 * Hervidos = fruit juice + aguardiente
 * Aguardiente, Nariño
 * Ron

Sleep
It is magic to sleep in a city which is laying in the base of a volcano. If you are lucky may be you could be able to see some ashes or even more spewing lava. There are many places to stay safe since you are in the city. E.g. an abundance of budget hotels are located near the bus terminal, for instance hotel 'Paola' ask for  COP$12,000 (single).

Budget

 * Hotel Chambu Plaza, Crr 20#16-74, 7213129-7213645.
 * Koala-Inn, Calle 18 No 22-37. Set in an old mansion, offers basic rooms for COP$25,000 per person (Oct 2022). Administrator "Luis" is an extremely friendly host and acts as a great source of local information and for other parts of the country. WiFi and breakfast included, no kitchen access.
 * Koala-Inn, Calle 18 No 22-37. Set in an old mansion, offers basic rooms for COP$25,000 per person (Oct 2022). Administrator "Luis" is an extremely friendly host and acts as a great source of local information and for other parts of the country. WiFi and breakfast included, no kitchen access.

Mid-range

 * Metropol Hotel Calle 15#21-41, 7212498.
 * Metropol Hotel Calle 15#21-41, 7212498.
 * Metropol Hotel Calle 15#21-41, 7212498.
 * Metropol Hotel Calle 15#21-41, 7212498.
 * Metropol Hotel Calle 15#21-41, 7212498.

Go next
Ipiales

Popayán

Mocoa via the trampolín de la muerte

title: Pasto