text:
Northern Territory

 * NT redirects here. For the Canadian territory with the postal code "NT", see Northwest Territories

The Northern Territory (NT) is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions. It is bordered to the west by Western Australia, to the east by Queensland and to the south by South Australia.

With a land area near Mongolia in size but with only a quarter million inhabitants, the Northern Territory is known as the "real outback", representing nature on a grand scale and containing some of the most recognisable natural icons in Australia. The NT is sparse, with only a population density of 0.17 people per km2, much lower than the rest of Australia or the world for that matter. The Northern Territory contains hundreds of rare species of flora, native wildlife and, of course, crocodiles in the territory’s 52 national parks and nature conservation reserves, while the outback offers vast wide-open spaces and pioneering journeys.

The NT is also renowned for the Aboriginal cultural experiences it offers. With 30% of the Territory's population being Aboriginal compared to 3% for the nation as a whole, the NT offers a rich array of Aboriginal culture with its 60,000-year-old traditions, including basket weaving, spear fishing, storytelling, rock art and bush tucker tastings on Aboriginal guided tours.

Cities

 * — the Northern Territory's tropical capital city and gateway to the area with a unique history and culture
 * — Australia's famous outback town is the Territory's second largest city, and is surrounded by cavernous gorges, boundless desert landscapes, Aboriginal communities and charming pioneering history
 * — a regional town about 3 hours south of Darwin, gateway to the majestic Katherine Gorge
 * — in the heart of the territory, this desert landscape is home to the Devil's Marbles, immersed in Aboriginal culture and has plenty of friendly outback pubs
 * — tiny roadhouse settlement and self-proclaimed UFO capital of Australia
 * — a purpose-built resort and service town adjacent to the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park

Other destinations

 * — experience the world's oldest living culture first hand in landscapes virtually untouched since the dawn of time
 * — home to clusters of mysterious rock spheres in the middle of the Australian desert near the outback town of Tennant Creek
 * — relax in warm, crystal clear thermal pools, close to Katherine in the township of Mataranka
 * — this World Heritage area sets the scene for outback adventure travel, Aboriginal culture and nature activities
 * — the Northern Territory's second largest national park, encompassing spectacular ranges, escarpments, gorges and eucalypt woodlands
 * — explore lush monsoon forests, unusual rock formations and waterfalls, a 1½-hour drive from Darwin
 * — the amazing Katherine Gorge, in which you can walk, swim, canoe, boat or fly
 * — also known as Ayers Rock and The Olgas, with the resort town of Yulara nearby
 * — home to Kings Canyon, a mighty chasm reaching a depth of 270 m

Understand
The Northern Territory is blessed with diverse and contrasting environments, where change is the only constant. Intriguing and spectacular wildlife vary dramatically from the deserts of Central Australia to the tropics of the Top End. "The NT" is renowned for its colourful outback characters, the type you'd meet at one of the legendary outback pubs, cattle stations or country towns, larger than life and only too willing to share a yarn or two. Fly to remote areas in helicopters or other small aircraft and take in the spectacular scenery, 4WD tracks let you explore places of natural wonder like Uluru. Tours led by traditional landowners allow you to learn about a culture that has survived for thousands of years including dreamtime stories, bush tucker, and their iconic art and crafts. Extreme fishing tours take you out to places teeming with barramundi and other species. Birdwatching tours open up breath-taking moments usually reserved for film. You can also stay in one of the many resorts and experience the unique surroundings from the side of a pool, sipping on a cocktail.

Darwin is the tropical capital city of the Northern Territory, a small yet cosmopolitan city with more than 50 nationalities making up its population of 110,000. Modern Darwin is more open to Asia than perhaps any other Australian city. It plays an important role as the front door to Australia's northern region and as a centre for administration and mining. The port facilities have been upgraded, and the completion in 2003 of a railway link to Alice Springs and Adelaide has locals hoping Darwin will become the continent's transport hub with Southeast Asia.

In the heart of Central Australia is Alice Springs, surrounded by cavernous gorges, boundless desert landscapes, remote Aboriginal communities and charming pioneering history. It embodies the hardy outback of the Northern Territory's Red Centre, and is a travel hub for sights and hikes in the region including Australia's most famous natural icon Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park.

Sweeping from the Gulf of Carpentaria to the West Australian border is Katherine, a small regional town with a population of less than 10,000 people. The diverse landscapes and unique ecosystems set the scene for outback adventure activities like fishing, canoeing, bushwalking, birdwatching, camping and four-wheel driving. The township is situated on the banks of the Katherine River, which flows down from the world-renowned Katherine Gorge (Nitmiluk National Park).

east of Darwin is Kakadu National Park and Arnhem Land comprise more than in the northeast corner of the Northern Territory. The landscapes of are diverse and set the scene for adventure travel, Aboriginal culture and nature activities. Kakadu National Park is the second largest national park in Australia. It contains one of the highest concentrated areas of Aboriginal rock art sites in the world; the most famous examples are at Nourlangie Rock and Ubirr.

Tennant Creek is in the Red Centre of Australia, 500 km north of Alice Springs and 1000 km south of Darwin. The town is surrounded to the east by the Barkly Tablelands - a huge expanse of land that supports some of Australia’s premier outback cattle stations. Tennant Creek is in the middle of the outback, but the country is beautiful and anything but barren with open mallee scrubland, surrounded by rocky ranges and brilliant blue skies that give way to millions of stars at night.

The southern portion of the Northern Territory is home to UNESCO World Heritage area Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park. It is best known for the iconic Uluru (formerly known as "Ayers Rock"), a single massive rock formation, and also for Kata Tjuta (formerly known as "The Olgas"), a range of rock domes. Uluru and Kata Tjuta are considered sacred places by the Anangu people, the Aboriginal groups that have lived there for thousands of years, much of Kata Tjuta is off-limits and climbing Uluru has been illegal since 2019, with fines of up to $10,000.

The Victoria River Region is undoubtedly the most scenic and mesmerising region along the savannah way route. Victoria River is the longest river in the Northern Territory and is the lifeline to some of the biggest cattle stations in the NT. The region is also home to “Coolibah Station” where the reality television series Keeping up with the Joneses was filmed. Victoria River District offers a wide variety of opportunities for adventure, culture, history, and nature. Its captivating landscapes stimulate a deep connection to the land and its people. It is easy to find yourself in this enchanting part of Australia!

Climate
The Northern Territory is so large it covers two very distinct climate zones: The Red Centre and the Tropical North.

The Top End, which includes Darwin, Katherine, Kakadu National Park and Arnhem Land, has a tropical climate. Darwin has an average temperature of 32°C all year, with varying humidity. The tropical summer, from December to March, is considered by many to be the region's most beautiful time of year.

The summer rains bring the natural landscape to life and deliver the picturesque storms and sunsets the Northern Territory is renowned for. The dry season, from May to October, has warm, sunny days and cool nights. At the end of the year, the build up, or pre-monsoon season, begins and humidity levels start their rise.

The following chart outlines Darwin's monthly climate averages as an indicator for the whole northern region.

Jan - Feb Min average temperature - 24C (75F) Max average temperature - 31C (88F)

Mar - Apr Min average temperature - 24C (75F) Max average temperature - 32C (90F)

May - Sept Min average temperature - 21C (69F) Max average temperature - 31C (88F)

Oct - Dec Min average temperature - 25C (77F) Max average temperature - 32C (91F)

Central Australia

Central Australia, which includes Alice Springs, Tennant Creek, the Barkly Tablelands and Uluru/Kata-Tjuta regions, has a semi-arid climate. It experiences Australia's four typical seasons: summer, autumn, winter and spring. The Red Centre has hot summer days from December to February and surprisingly cold nights from June to August. Spring and autumn are warm throughout the day and cool at night.

The following chart outlines Alice Springs' monthly climate averages as an indicator for the Red Centre.

Mar - May Min average temperature - 12C (55F) Max average temperature - 27C (82F)

Jun - Aug Min average temperature - 3C (37F) Max average temperature - 20C (68F)

Sept - Nov Min average temperature - 14C (57F) Max average temperature - 30C (86F)

Dec - Feb Min average temperature - 20C (69F) Max average temperature - 35C (95F)

People
The Northern Territory has the sparsest population of any state or territory in Australia, with approximately 246,000 people (2019) spread over 1.4 million km², or 0.18/km². The region has a youthful and multicultural population, of which 30 percent are Aboriginal people and 15 percent were born overseas, with a lower average age than Australia as a whole.

Darwin alone is home to people from more than 60 nationalities and more than 70 ethnic backgrounds. A large proportion of the Aboriginal population lives in remote communities throughout the NT, from the Red Centre, through to Arnhem Land and across to the Tiwi Islands. Many of these communities boast thriving art centres, where you can visit to purchase works and meet the artists. Hundreds of different Aboriginal languages are spoken by the indigenous people in the Northern Territory, including Yolgnu Matha in Arnhem Land, which is the second most spoken language in the NT after English.

Permits are required to visit many of these communities. The largest Aboriginal groups are the Pitjantjatjara, Arrernte, Luritja and Warlpiri in the Red Centre, and Yolngu in east Arnhem Land.

Darwin has a significant population of people from the Philippines, India and Nepal, as well as smaller groups from across the Asian continent.

Tourist information

 * Travel NT website

Get in

The small population of the region means that there are not so many routes into the Northern Territory, and prices for travel tend to be higher than other domestic routes.

By plane
There are regular interstate domestic flights from most state capitals to Darwin and Alice Springs. There are also direct flights to Ayers Rock (Uluru) from Sydney, Melbourne, Perth and Cairns.

Internationally, Darwin is served by flights from Singapore, Denpasar and Dili.

By train
The Ghan travels between Adelaide and Darwin via Alice Springs and Katherine. Passengers may not end or begin their journey at Katherine, though the train stops there to allow for excursions. Motorail service (taking your car on the train with you) is available if you are travelling from Adelaide to Darwin and vice versa.

By road
Driving into the Northern Territory is possible if you have your own car. However, if you are driving a rental car, keep in mind that most car rental companies do not permit their cars to be driven across the Northern Territory's borders.
 * From South Australia, driving north you can take the Explorer’s Way (Stuart Highway) from Adelaide through Coober Pedy into the Northern Territory.
 * From Queensland, the most easily accessible route is the fully-sealed Overlander’s Way (Barkly Highway) from Mt Isa to the west.
 * From Western Australia there are a few access points including the Savannah Way (Victoria Highway) and Butine Highway in the north and the Tanami Road that runs across the Tanami Desert in the south.

By sea
The schedules for several international cruises include a day stopover in Darwin.

By plane

 * Qantas offers regular flights within the Northern Territory, connecting Darwin, Alice Springs and Yulara.
 * There are scheduled flights between Darwin, Nhulunbuy and Groote Eylandt.
 * Charter flights can also be organised to more remote destinations like the Cobourg Peninsula, Tiwi Islands and Borroloola, or to Tennant Creek.

By train
The Ghan travels between Adelaide, South Australia and Darwin via Alice Springs and Katherine twice weekly during the dry season from March to November. Passengers may travel between Darwin and Alice Springs on The Ghan, but is more expensive than flying and slower than driving yourself, meaning that it is primarily intended for luxury travellers with a lot of time and money on their hand. Passengers may not end or begin their journey in Katherine; the stop is used only for off-train excursions.

By road
There are five recognised themed drives in the Northern Territory, the Explorer’s Way, Savannah Way, Red Centre Way, Binns Track and Nature’s Way, and each has its own story. It also has countless four-wheel-drive tracks that snake through its various scenic landscapes. If opting to drive, 96% of the major attractions are accessible by sealed roads and the others are accessible via four-wheel drive tracks or charter flights.

See
Each of the 52 Northern Territory national parks and nature conservation reserves protect a variety of unique natural environments and native animals. View rare species of flora, native wildlife and go birdwatching around the many established walking trails, swimming holes and camping areas. The varied habitats, rare plants and animals, and spectacular landscapes of the Northern Territory are unmatched for an Australian nature holiday.

Darwin is the perfect place to begin or end your trip through the Territory. With its relaxed lifestyle and warm weather all year round this vibrant cosmopolitan city has all your creature comforts on offer with all the adventure you can handle on its doorstep! Experience part of Darwin's colourful history at Fannie Bay Gaol that operated as Darwin’s major prison for almost 100 years from 1883. The building’s grim and oppressive history can be felt as you walk through. The Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory is a must see, its collections place the region's art, history and culture, and natural history in an Australian and international context. These collections encompass Aboriginal art and material culture, visual arts, craft, Southeast Asian and Oceanic art and material culture, maritime archaeology, Northern Territory history and natural sciences. Saltwater crocs, the most famous of the Territory’s creatures, can be seen in most rivers and billabongs in the Top End or at the wildlife parks around Darwin. Crocodylus Park, in Berrimah a short distance from Darwin, where you come face to face with the largest reptiles on the planet.

While the deserts of Central Australia may at first seem stark, closer inspection reveals a complex ecosystem, supporting some of the most unique flora and fauna on the planet. The Northern Territory has some world-famous natural and cultural attractions that can’t be missed, including Ulura/Ayers Rock, Australia's most recognisable natural icon. Premium four-wheel drive eco-certified touring programs offer a range of intimate travel experiences to locations like World Heritage–listed Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Kings Canyon in Watarrka National Park, and Alice Springs and its surrounds. Located in the middle of the largest land area without lights on earth, Alice Springs has an unmatched view of the Milky Way unless you're on a dark boat in the middle of the ocean. Perfect stargazing! Just outside of Alice Springs is the Desert Wildlife Park, truly memorable in its examples of local flora and fauna.

The second largest national park in Australia, Kakadu National Park contains one of the highest concentration of Aboriginal rock art in the world and amazing nature and wildlife. Ubirr is one of the two most famous Aboriginal rock art galleries in the Kakadu National Park. The galleries can be viewed by following an easy one kilometre circular walking track. During the dry season Park Rangers give free scheduled talks about the ancient rock art. The walls of the Nourlangie Rock Art Site in Kakadu National Park have served as a shelter and canvas for thousands of years providing windows to a rich spiritual tradition. Paintings such as Namarrgon, lightning man, explore the relationship of the people to their country and beliefs. Located in the centre of Nhulunbuy, the Gayngaru Wetlands Interpretive Walk surrounds a lagoon that is visited by over 200 species of birds. Along the path are two separate viewing platforms and a bird hide, which enable visitors to enjoy the birdlife. There are also interpretive signs near plants of significance showing bush food and bush medicine used by local Aboriginal people.

Katherine Gorge - located in Nitmiluk National Park about 30 minutes northeast of the town. There are many ways to experience the spectacular Nitmiluk National Park (Katherine Gorge) and its world-renowned gorge system - you can walk, swim, canoe, boat or fly. Take a refreshing dip in Katherine Hot Springs. These natural thermal springs are situated on the banks of the Katherine River, within the Katherine township, and comprise of a series of clear pools framed by native vegetation.

The Devils Marbles, situated in the Devils Marbles Conservation Reserve, are clusters of mysterious rock spheres located in the scenic Australian desert near Tennant Creek. The boulders are precariously balanced on top of one another, they were formed by millions of years of erosion. The local Aboriginal people (the Warumungu) believe that the boulders are the eggs of the Rainbow Serpent. The ancient Aboriginal mythology surrounding this fascinating geological marvel can be explored through a short self-guided walking trail.

Itineraries
Load the car and hit the road, a driving holiday in the Northern Territory has all the elements of a great Australian road trip.

There are five recognised themed drives in the Northern Territory, each with its own story: Explorer’s Way, Nature’s Way, Red Centre Way, Overlanders Way and Savannah Way.

There are also countless four-wheel-drive tracks that snake through various scenic landscapes. The Binns track is the latest four wheel drive challenge, a seven-day adventure from Mount Dare in South Australia to Timber Creek. Not for the faint hearted, the track traverses 8-m-high sand ridges, rocky escarpment country and boggy marshes.

A driving holiday in the Northern Territory will link you to many of Australia’s best-known icons and give you the opportunity to explore lesser-known natural and cultural wonders of Australia's outback. Whether you want to go off road or on an outback Australia holiday, grab a map to explore your options in the NT. A driving holiday in the Northern Territory gives you the freedom and flexibility to explore at your own pace.

 * Binns Track

Take an epic journey on the Northern Territory’s newest four-wheel-drive route, the Binns Track. Running from Mount Dare on the South Australian border to Timber Creek near Kununurra, the track covers 2,191 km and winds through many of the NT’s lesser-known nature reserves and National Parks. It passes through outback towns Alice Springs and Tennant Creek and traverses some of the NT’s most interesting landscapes in the western Simpson Desert, East MacDonnell Ranges, Davenport Ranges National Park and Judbarra / Gregory National Park.

 * The Red Centre Way

An adventure into the heart of this ancient land, the Red Centre Way drive navigates through Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park, Kings Canyon, the West MacDonnell Ranges and Alice Springs. See the sights at your own pace or learn about the traditional Aboriginal land owners, the Arrente people’s, connection with this area on a guided tour. The Red Centre Way is the gateway to an abundance of natural and Aboriginal attractions through the ancient heart of the Australian outback. Allow a minimum of 5 to 7 days for this journey through red desert sands, spinifex and mulga forest.

 * The Nature's Way

Eye candy for every driving holiday traveller, the Nature’s Way meanders through World Heritage-listed Kakadu National Park, Litchfield National Park and Nitmuluk National Park. It’s a drive through the Territory’s stunning and lush northern tropics, steeped in nature, Aboriginal culture and outback pioneering history.

For the adventure traveller - canoe down the Katherine River, swim in waterfalls at Litchfield and discover the world’s largest collection of Aboriginal rock art at Kakadu National Park. Explore in your own time, but 5-7 days is best for this journey.

 * The Explorer's Way

Follow the same route of famous Australian explorer John McDouall Stuart and travel through red desert country via the real Australian outback en route to the Territory’s lush northern tropics. This road links the territory from top to bottom, encompassing some of its best-known natural icons; the Devils Marbles, Litchfield National Park, Nitmuluk National Park, Cutta Cutta Caves and Bitter Springs. In the south, the road is straddled by the East and West MacDonnell Ranges. You can get a snapshot of the Territory in 7 days, but with so much to explore, it’s easy to stay much longer.

 * The Savannah Way

Stretching coast to coast, from Broome in West Australia to Cairns in Queensland, the Savannah Way is an epic 3500-km adventure through the heart of Australia’s northern tropics. It snakes through some of the Territory’s best known natural wonders and links to barramundi and saratoga fishing hotspots. A four-wheel drive is recommended on this drive, as it traverses rugged and challenging country. The Savannah Way is a great Australian adventure drive, linking national parks, historic drives and outback Australian towns. Allow at least 14 days for the Northern Territory section or 30 days for the entire journey.

Do
The Northern Territory offers the visitor an amazing array of activities to immerse yourself in, from the adventurous to the more subdued.

Canoeing, camping, four-wheel driving, hot-air ballooning or a ride on a camel. The Northern Territory is the place to be for adventure holidays in the outback. Many adventure tours leave from Darwin.

 * Outback Ballooning - Take a balloon ride and see the sunrise, have a champagne breakfast in the middle of the desert. Alice Springs has ideal weather for ballooning and the tour operators run almost every day of the year.
 * Helicopter Flights - Helicopter flights around all sorts of local attractions, from seeing town from the air to along the mountains to the gaps and gorges. Flights leave from Darwin and Alice Springs.
 * Berry Springs - 45 minutes from Darwin city, Berry Springs Nature Park is a great spot for swimming with crystal clear pools, shaded picnic and barbecue areas and be sure to keep your eyes peeled for local birds and wildlife.
 * Bush Walking - Feel the heat walking through the lush monsoon forests of the tropical north or challenge yourself trekking through the rocky red heart of the Northern Territory. There are very popular walking tours through Kakadu and the Red Centre. The Jatbula Trail and Larapinta Trail are extremely popular walking tours.
 * Jim Jim Falls- Set in the red ochre of the Arnhem Land escarpment, and boasting white sandy beaches and crystal clear water, it is worth the 900-m walk across rocks to appreciate this special area.
 * Merl This site in northern Kakadu is perfect for campers who want to enjoy a famous sunrise or sunset at Ubirr. It's also an ideal base for bushwalking along the East Alligator River.
 * Larapinta Trail- The trail runs for 223 km along the backbone of the West MacDonnell Ranges from Alice Springs to Mt Sonder. The grandeur and timeless beauty of the Ranges are the backdrop and setting for the Trail, which is divided into twelve sections, providing you with an opportunity to experience an ancient landscape at your own pace.

The Northern Territory is Australia's nature travel paradise. View rare species of flora, native wildlife and the most ancient reptile on the planet, the crocodile. Darwin, Litchfield National Park, Alice Springs, Nitmiluk, Tennant Creek and Kakadu offer monumental natural wonders that need to be seen to be believed.

 * Territory Wildlife Park - A popular attraction home to monsoon and paperbark forests and a wetlands walk. You can stand nose-to-nose with a 3.7-m saltwater crocodile on a walk through the aquarium tunnel. Don’t miss the twice-daily birds of prey show or animal encounters presentation. Tours depart from Darwin.
 * Fishing in the Northern Territory is world class and there are many diverse fishing habitats on offer. Most tours leave from Darwin, Arnhem Land is home to some truly adventurous fishing spots.
 * Tiwi Island Tour - Many Tiwi Islanders are prolific artists who produce distinctive art, pottery, sculptures and wooden carvings. You can travel to the Tiwi Islands on a 20-minute flight or a two-hour ferry ride from Darwin Harbour to Bathurst Island. You must be part of an organised tour to visit Tiwi Islands.
 * Tiwi Island Tour - Many Tiwi Islanders are prolific artists who produce distinctive art, pottery, sculptures and wooden carvings. You can travel to the Tiwi Islands on a 20-minute flight or a two-hour ferry ride from Darwin Harbour to Bathurst Island. You must be part of an organised tour to visit Tiwi Islands.

Eat
Make sure you take in the culinary delights of multi-cultural Darwin while in the Northern Territory. There’s a great range of outdoor eateries, exotic local produce and a diversity of culinary choices on offer.

Great eating areas in Darwin include the local markets for something cheap made on the spot. Head to Parap for Chinese, Mexican or gourmet goodies, Cullen Bay has a barrage of seafood choices and expansive harbour views, or you could grab some picnic-style take away at Stokes Hill Wharf. The Fannie Bay area offers some great pub-style food or seafood, and Darwin CBD is brimming with restaurants, cafes and pubs – classy or casual but always relaxed.

In spite of its small size, Alice Springs has a good and varied restaurant scene. Heaps of little cafeteria style places serving everything from crepes to Chinese to sandwiches in the malls as well as the usual fast food outlets.

Katherine is a very small town, but there is a reasonable choice of places to eat there, think along the lines of home style dishes and traditional pub food.

Basic food is available at the sporadic rest stops and museums throughout Kakadu National Park. Being such a small town, there are only a couple of options to choose from in Tennant Creek, mostly pub food and home made.

The northern tropics of the Northern Territory are also famous for their Aboriginal bush tucker. The billabongs, woodlands, sandstone escarpments and coastal beaches provide a rich source of food and medicines used by Aboriginal people for tens of thousands of years. What we know as "bush tucker" is a multitude of plants and animals that are used in a variety of ways to best extract their nutritional and medicinal values. The different environments of the tropical north feature plants endemic to each habitat, as well as some that thrive across the entire region.

Drink
The Northern Territory is famous for its legendary outback pubs. Every small town has somewhere you can drop by to chat with the local characters or learn some history. For some more sophisticated nightlife, head to the numerous clubs and bars in Darwin and check out some local music at Brown’s Mart.

Please note, within certain areas of the Northern Territory, there are restrictions on the consumption of alcohol in public places. More information on specific restrictions can be found at the Northern Territory government website.

The legal drinking age is 18 years. It is illegal either to purchase alcohol for yourself if you are under 18 years of age or to purchase alcohol on behalf of someone who is under 18 years of age. The only legally acceptable proof-of-age documents are an Australian drivers licence, state-issued proof-of-age card, Keypass card or a passport, and it would be wise to carry one if you want to purchase alcohol or tobacco and look under 25 - vendors will frequently ask for ID for anybody who looks to be 25 or younger. In the Northern Territory, foreign drivers licences and foreign ID cards are NOT legally acceptable as proof of age documentation, and people who are unable to produce a passport or valid Australian ID will be refused service. Only actual ID documents will be accepted - photographs or photocopies will NOT be accepted.

Stay safe
Most of the Northern Territory is part of the Australian Outback. Be prepared and plan your trip before you start it. Plan fuel stops and always carry extra fuel as on some highways fuel and towns can be up to 800 km apart. It is advised to carry a satellite phone or HF radio for emergencies if leaving the major highways. Water and food are also very important. If you become stranded in the outback stay calm and stay with your vehicle so emergency services are able to locate you. If you have communication devices use them. Mobile (cellular) phone coverage is limited to the regional centres.

Remember that you may not take alcohol into Aboriginal communities, even as a tourist passing through. Also, travellers are not permitted into residential parts of the communities. These areas are well sign posted, so if you are on a community, keep your eyes open.

The Australian Outback, although very beautiful is also very dangerous due to its extreme conditions. Take particular care in the following areas:

 * Swimming  The Northern Territory has many safe places to swim, including local nature reserves, public swimming pools and in some national parks. Swimming at Northern Territory beaches is not recommended due to the presence of box jellyfish. If you choose to swim at the beach, take vinegar as a precaution as it is known to soothe the sting. Salt and freshwater crocodiles are found in most Top End billabongs and rivers, and are occasionally seen on remote beaches. The accessible rivers and billabongs are generally sign-posted if saltwater crocodiles are known to inhabit the area, but if you are not sure, don’t swim.
 * Sun protection  Travellers should always wear a wide-brimmed hat, long-sleeved shirt, sunglasses and at least an SPF 30 sunscreen when outdoors. You should also be sure to drink plenty of water; a minimum of two litres per day is advised.
 * Insects  The Territory is home to mosquitoes and other biting insects, so a reliable insect repellent, mosquito coils and appropriate clothing will make travelling more comfortable. If camping, keep your tent zipped and tap your shoes out before putting them on.
 * Cliffs Climbing rock ledges and cliffs and walking or standing near cliff edges can lead to serious injury or death, especially when rock surfaces are wet. Keep well away from all cliff edges.
 * What to wear  During the heat of the day, you will be most comfortable in loose covering clothing which is cool but protects you from sunburn and insect bites. Use sunscreen and wear a wide brimmed hat and sunglasses. Mosquitoes can carry viruses such as the Ross River virus, so if they are biting, use a repellent.
 * Dehydration  Early symptoms include feeling thirsty, excess sweating, headache, dizziness and nausea. If dehydration continues, it can result in seizures, a loss of consciousness and even death.
 * Emergency Call Devices (ECD) are available in remote locations in some parks in the Territory. Instructions on use are written on the ECD. These are for emergency calls only.
 * Cyclones - The wet season usually sees Cyclones on the Northern Territory coast, with some moving inland. Strong winds and flooding occur, if travelling at this time, always best to keep up with weather reports and locate community shelter locations.
 * Flash flooding Sudden rises in the levels of waterways, which can quickly cut off the return route from the top of waterfalls such as Gunlom and Jim Jim. Fast flowing water can be deceptive, creating strong currents and dangerous swimming conditions.
 * Driving hints  Top End roads can be hazardous. Plan ahead and allow sufficient time for travel. Slow down and do not exceed 130 km/h (and 110 km/h on roads without shoulders)! Roads can become slippery in the wet. During the dry, dust from other vehicles can obscure your vision. When using 4WD tracks, put your vehicle into 4WD. Read your vehicle instructions: many vehicles need their front wheel hubs physically locked, before engaging four wheel drive from the driver’s seat. At flooded crossings read the signs, look at depth markers and observe how quickly the water is flowing, before deciding whether to cross. Sometimes it is safer to wait until the water recedes. Remember crocodiles may be present. In the event of fires, make sure you park your vehicle in cleared areas rather than in flammable long grass. Use vehicle headlights if driving through heavy smoke, and drive slowly. If stopping, park well off the road and use hazard lights. Do not park on bridges or causeways at any time. Drive slowly, look well ahead for animals on the road, and try to avoid driving at night. Sound your horn to alert wildlife on the road. Look carefully for large feral animals such as horses, pigs and buffalo.
 * Fishing  Always let someone know where you are going and what time you expect to be back. In tidal areas always carry life jackets, water, oars, flares, torch, tool kit, extra fuel and a satellite phone. Refer to the Northern Territory Marine Act signs for more detailed safety information. Boating is prohibited in certain areas – check at the Bowali Visitor Centre for details. Always remember, crocodile attacks often occur near boat ramps. For your safety, be alert for crocodiles at all times:
 * Keep away from the water’s edge and do not enter the water.
 * Take extreme care when launching and retrieving boats.
 * Do not reach into the water to bring up a fish; use a landing net.
 * Do not clean fish or bleed fish in or near the water’s edge, as this may attract crocodiles.
 * Remove all fish and food waste, which attract crocodiles.**Live bait fishing is not permitted in Kakadu. Recreational fishing, using a line with a single hook or lure is permitted in waters west of the Kakadu Highway except in the West Alligator River system. Contact the Bowali Visitor Centre, telephone for latest information.
 * Crocodiles Estuarine (saltwater) crocodiles are dangerous. They have attacked and killed people. They inhabit most areas of water in Kakadu National Park including floodplains, freshwater billabongs, creeks, rivers and coastal areas. In most locations, crocodile warning signs tell you not to enter the water and to keep away from the water’s edge. Obey signs warning of crocodiles. If you do not see a warning sign, assume that crocodiles are present. Do not enter the water unless you are sure it is safe to do so.
 * Some of the most poisonous snakes in the world inhabit Kakadu, but luckily for visitors they are all very shy and are very rarely seen, let alone confronted. These species include the Taipan, Death Adder, and King Brown. They are seldom active during the day, hunting at night. Do not hike off any trails after dark.

Outback
There are two important facts to keep in mind about travel in the outback: it has few inhabitants and little water.
 * get good quality maps and plan your route.
 * tell someone where you're going and when and where you should arrive; they should have instructions to raise the alarm if you do not appear soon after your intended arrival time;
 * carry at least 10 litres of water (in several small containers) per person per day, including an allowance for any days you may be delayed or broken down.
 * take food and any prescribed medication needed to last several days
 * take matches or a lighter, which can be used in an emergency to provide warmth and indicate your whereabouts
 * travel in a recently serviced, reliable, sturdy vehicle that has good ground clearance; and
 * have clothes that can protect against cold, as well as clothes suitable for extremely hot weather.

Keep in mind also that the Outback is large, and you can easily end up twenty-hours drive away from emergency help, or isolated entirely in the case of rain.

In the event of an accident or mechanical problems, do not leave your vehicle, as it is easier to locate from the air than a person or people on foot. If you leave your vehicle you are likely to be the subject of a sad news story about the rescue services finding your car and not you. In any case, your vehicle is where you're storing your water.

You should also think about carrying a satellite phone or other means of contacting emergency services. Travelling in a group or in convoy with other travellers gives an extra vehicle in case of breakdown, and an extra set of hands to get you out of a tricky situation.

You should get local advice in each town about your journey and the condition of the roads ahead and the suitability of your vehicle, as road conditions can change. The police and roadhouses are good sources of information. Be careful - even locals die out there.

Crime
There can be a common misconception that "all of Australia is relatively safe"; this statement could not be more wrong. Crime rates in the NT are generally much higher than the rest of the country – in the towns Tennant Creek and Katherine the homicide rate is over 60 times the national average. Darwin and Alice Springs have both repeatedly been ranked as Australia's most dangerous city.

 * Theft, break-ins, and random attacks are common throughout the territory.
 * Knife crime, alcohol-fuelled violence and car thefts/vandalism can happen throughout the NT but is more prevalent in rural communities and Alice Springs.
 * Youth crime is prevalent in Darwin, Palmerston and Alice Springs, but also happens in smaller settlements like Tennant Creek and Katherine.

The bottom line: crime in the Northern Territory is very high. Take extra precaution in Darwin, Katherine and Alice Springs, and rampant throughout more remote settlements (with the crime rate in Tennant Creek and Katherine higher than the US). Avoid walking alone at night, wearing valuables and try to avoid parking your car out in the streets. If you're renting a car, avoid choosing one that may attract vandals or thieves; cheaper and older models may be preferable.

Connect
The main roads in the NT do not have mobile reception, including the Stuart Highway. Only expect reception in the major towns along the route.

Go next

 * South - into South Australia
 * Coober Pedy — sleep in an opal mine cave
 * West - into Western Australia
 * Kimberley — great wilderness with much of its history drawn on its pearling industry
 * East - into Queensland
 * Mount Isa — mining town in the northwest of Queensland

title: Northern Territory


text:
Northern Thailand

Northern Thailand shares borders with Myanmar and Laos, as well as with the Central Plains and Isaan.

Regions
From north to south:

Cities

 * — the largest city in the north, well-known for its many temples
 * — jump off point for the Golden Triangle
 * — the ancient city of the Diamond Walls, springboard for the rise of Sukothai
 * — a picturesque little town with lush valleys
 * — one of the larger cities at the lower end, gateway to the north
 * — former capital of a small kingdom, filled with history, temples and surrounded by mountains
 * — a laid-back backpacker atmosphere and a good starting point for trekking tours
 * — a good overnight stop between Bangkok and Chiang Mai and gateway to the Sukhothai Historical Park
 * — Thailand's original capital, now famed for the ancient Sukhothai ruins

Itineraries

 * Chiang Mai to Chiang Rai in 3 days
 * Mae Hong Son Loop
 * Samoeng Loop

Other destinations

 * — mountain resort northwest of Chiang Mai
 * — Thailand's highest mountain, beautiful and cool
 * — royal villas and a mountaintop temple with stunning views and (so they say) Buddha's collarbone
 * — an area where the borders of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar meet
 * — Thailand's northernmost town, daytrips to Myanmar
 * — founded by Chinese Nationalists fleeing after their defeat in the war
 * — small village with good guest houses
 * — the largest protected area in Southeast Asia, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991

Understand

Surrounded by the highest mountains in Thailand, Northern Thailand is cooler than the rest of the usually sweltering country and thus particularly popular in the hot season from March to June. In the mountains at night temperatures occasionally dip below freezing in the cold season, although in the plains the daily average is rarely less than 25 degrees Celsius.

Culturally, Northern Thailand shows heavy influences from the neighboring cultures of Myanmar and Yunnan (China). The kingdoms of Lanna (centred at Chiang Mai) and Sukhothai were the first historical Thai nations.

Much of northern Thailand was for a long time off-limits due to a series of Communist insurgencies and Myanmar's drug battles and civil wars spilling over the border. Both problems have been largely resolved, although caution is still advised near the border with Myanmar in the provinces of Tak and Mae Hong Son.

Talk

The people of Northern Thailand speak their own dialect of Thai called Kham Meaung (or Kham Muang; คำเมือง), however standard Thai is widely understood. In addition, the hill tribes speak their own languages.

Here and there, especially at temples, you may spot signs written in a curious rounded script that looks more like Burmese than Thai. This is Lanna, the ancient script of the Lanna Kingdom, and while very few people can read or write it anymore, it's still popular in ceremonial usage.

By plane
The main airport in Northern Thailand is Chiang Mai, which has connections throughout Thailand and some international links too. Domestic flights (some of which may be seasonal) connect with Bangkok, Chiang Rai, Ko Samui, Mae Hong Son, Nan, Pai, Phitsanulok, Phuket, Sukhothai and Udon Thani.

By train
Trains from Bangkok go regularly to Chiang Mai via Phitsanulok.

By bus
There is an extensive bus network with the main artery being Bangkok-Chiang Mai. From Chiang Mai, buses head northwest to Mae Hong Son and Pai, and further north to Chiang Rai.

By plane
Regular flights connect Chiang Mai with Chiang Rai, Mae Hong Son, Pai, Phitsanulok and Sukhothai.

By train
The only railway line within Northern Thailand runs between Chiang Mai and Sukhothai (and further on to Bangkok).

By road
There is an extensive network of public bus services with major hubs in Phitsanulok, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai.

Minibuses, songthaews and tuk-tuks also serve many places which are not directly accessible by bus. Cheap but not always comfortable.

By car
There are many car rental companies but driving in Thailand is not for the faint hearted. The driving etiquette and rules take some getting used to. The rural parts of northern Thailand are mountainous, and whilst most main roads are in good condition and asphalt covered, there can be some sharp and steep curves to navigate especially in Mae Hong Son.

By bike
Northern Thailand has some of the best biking roads in the world, which pass through some stunning scenery. For the more adventurous traveller, the best way to explore the area is by motorbike. There are a number of places in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai where one can hire bikes or you can use a tour company to remove all the red tape, freeing you to simply enjoy your vacation.

The most reputable motorcycle tour company is Thai Motorcycle Tours (Tel: +66 86 2310097) who run bike tours in both Chiang Rai and the Mae Hong Son Loop. For renting your own bikes, try Mr Mechanic at 4 Soi 5, Moonmuang Rd, Chiang Mai, Tel: +66 53 214708.

See
The rolling hills and sweeping mountains, lush green forests and nature, are some of the visual delights of Northern Thailand.

The mix of ethnic peoples such as the hill tribes, Shan (Tai Yai), Burmese, and mainland Thais make it a rich melange of cultures. The vibrant cultural and historical tapestry of Northern Thailand makes it one of the most authentic places to visit in Thailand.

North Thailand shares borders with Myanmar and Laos such as at the Golden Triangle, the meeting point of Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar at the confluence of the Mekong River. Day trips are possible. Temples in Chiang Mai and historical sites in Sukhothai are major cultural attractions of Northern Thailand, the birthplace of Thai civilization. When invaders pushed a Thai prince from Chiang Saen and the Golden Triangle in 1015, he moved his court to Kamphaeng Phet, a city that coalesced into the Sukhothai Kingdom, battling Angkor kings for control of the Thai plains, then a bulwark of the Thai defence against Burmese invasion.

Itineraries

 * Chiang Mai to Chiang Rai in 3 days — three-day tour through Northern Thailand
 * Mae Hong Son Loop

Do

 * Trekking is one of the main attractions in northern Thailand. There are trekking tours suiting everybody's needs, from one-day all-inclusive to tours which last several days. Many tours include rafting and elephant riding.
 * Hill tribes are another major attraction. There are approximately 7 main hill tribe groups (Akha, Lisu, Lahu, Yao, Hmong, Karen, and Lawa) who migrated from neighbouring China, Tibet, and Myanmar to the rural highlands of northern Thailand. Their traditional way of life as farmers in the mountains is a fascination to many travellers in the region.

There are hill tribe villages in Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai, some of which have been obviously set up for the purpose of tourism, requiring an entrance fee and with villagers selling souvenirs. These are widely advertised as part of 1 day package tours from Chiang Mai.

There are hill tribe trekking package tours from 1-5 days available. This involves walking in the forest, visiting hill tribe villages and may include elephant riding and rafting. These will mostly be a very commercial and 'canned' experience. A few tour operators do offer more authentic experiences.

To visit authentic hill tribe villages, the best way is to hire a local guide and your own transport. This will allow you to venture off the main tourist trail where you will find there are many hill tribes still living traditionally.

Some operators attempt to limit the intrusion by restricting the number of visitors and employing local hill tribesmen as guides, but the competition is fierce and many simply aim to minimise costs and maximise profits.

Eat

Northern Thai food is somewhat different to that eaten in the rest of the country. Northerners prefer sticky rice over steamed, bitter flavours to hot ones, and avoid using coconut milk. The favoured meat is pork, which finds it way into a variety of sausages (cooked or fermented) and whose skin is fried as the ubiquitous snack khaep muu. The traditional way of sampling Northern food is a low round table known as a khan tok, laden with dishes. Some favorites include:

 * kaeng hang le - a Burmese-style pork curry
 * kaeng khae - a soupy curry flavored with bitter herbs
 * khao soi - a curry noodle soup reputedly of Burmese origin much favored in Chiang Mai, served with shallots, lime and pickles to add as you like
 * khanom jiin naam ngiew - rice noodles with pork ribs and a complex tomatoes and black bean sauce
 * nam phrik - covering a variety of spicy dips for rice and vegetables

Sleep
While the larger towns (Chiang Mai, Chiang Rai, Phitsanulok) offer a broad range of accommodation, in the smaller villages the tourist has to refer to guest houses and smaller hotels. Prices are usually lower than in Bangkok. Booking ahead (using the Internet or travel agencies) may give you better rates at some hotels.

Go next
If you plan on staying for long, here are a few options to choose from:

 * Laos: If you want to explore more of South East Asia, why not visit Laos? The culture of Laos is similar to that of Isaan. Make sure that your paperwork is in order before crossing over to Laos; the immigration regulations of Laos are much different than those of Thailand.

 * Myanmar: If you want to explore more of South East Asia, why not visit Myanmar? Make sure that your paperwork is in order before crossing over to Myanmar; the immigration regulations of Myanmar are much different than those of Thailand. Given the poor political situation in Myanmar, it's recommended that you avoid all non-essential travel to the country.

 * Central Thailand

 * Isaan

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Northern Thailand


text:
Upper Thracian Plain

The Upper Thracian Plain or Upper Thracian Lowlands (Bulgarian: Горнотракийска низина) is a region in Bulgaria that occupies the southeastern part of the country. Together with the Rhodope Mountains, it constitutes Northern Thrace (Bulgarian: Северна Тракия), bordering Greece (Western Thrace) to the south and Turkey (Eastern Thrace) to the southeast.

Cities

 * (Димитровград) — a Communist-era "planned city", built from scratch in the late 1940s and named after the first Communist leader of Bulgaria.
 * (Хасково) — administrative centre of Haskovo Province, on the between the Upper Thracian Plain and the Eastern Rhodope Mountains
 * (Hissar, Хисар) — a nice little town north of Plovdiv, known ever since Roman times because of its mineral springs. Home to some of the best preserved Roman ruins in Bulgaria - the impressive city wall still surrounds several neighborhoods. You can easily visit the Balkan mountain range and Koprivshtitsa from this base.
 * (Пазарджик) — mid-sized city on the same Maritsa river as Plovdiv; another province centre. The Rhodope Narrow-Gauge Railway starts from the nearby town of Septemvri.
 * (Пловдив) — the nation's second largest city which boasts a lovely shopping promenade and many parks, an ancient city with a preserved amphitheater, and many houses dating back to the Bulgarian National Revival.
 * (Стара Загора) — "the city of linden trees", in the plain below the Sarnena Gora mountain. A historic city with ancient ruins, modern Stara Zagora had to be almost completely rebuilt after being burned down during the Liberation War (1877). Another province centre.
 * (Свиленград) — a border town on the Maritsa river, close to where the borders of Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey meet; there are a couple of fortress ruins in nearby villages.
 * (Ямбол) — another mid-sized province centre, on the banks of the river Tundzha
 * (Елхово) — Elhovo is a town in Yambol Province, located on the left bank of Tundzha, between the Strandzha and Sakar mountains.

Go next

 * Strandzha
 * Rhodope Mountains

title: Upper Thracian Plain


text:
Northern Tier

The Northern Tier of Pennsylvania is not a well-defined travel region. It usually refers to the northernmost row of counties along the New York border. Its counterpart across the border is New York's Southern Tier.

Regions
Erie Region: Pennsylvania Wilds: Poconos and Endless Mountains:
 * Erie County
 * Warren County
 * McKean County
 * Potter County
 * Tioga County
 * Bradford County
 * Susquehanna County
 * Wayne County

See

 * Tioga Point Museum, Tioga, PA is a small museum that houses antiquities relating to the life in the North Branch and Junction Canal area.

title: Northern Tier


text:
Northern Travancore

Northern Travancore is a region in the state of Kerala in India.

Cities

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

 * —

Other destinations

 * — a tourist spot near the village of Kanchiyar with a dam where you can go boating

 * — grasslands, forest and shrublands are criss-crossed by several streams, this provides a habitat for a wide variety of birds, grazing animals, predators such as the leopard, butterflies unique to the area and amphibians. Elephants sometimes visit the park

 * — home to one of India's largest tiger populations

title: Northern Travancore


text:
Northern Tunisia

Northern Tunisia is an area in Tunisia.

Regions
Northern Tunisia encompasses the governorates of Ariana, Bèja, Ben Arous, Bizerte, Jendouba, Mahdia, Monastir, Nabeul, Siliana, Sousse, Tunis, and Zaghouan.

Cities

 * (تونس, Tūnis) — the laid-back capital of Tunisia with easy access to Carthage and a very authentic souk
 * (بنزرت, Benzart)
 * (حلق الوادي, Ḥalq el-Wād)
 * (حمامات, Ḥammāmāt)
 * (القيروان, Qeirwān) — a major site for Islamic pilgrimage
 * (الكاف, Il-Māf) — Byzantine and Ottoman architecture in this small town in the northwest
 * — a coastal town with a fishing port and the Fort of Kelibia
 * (المرسى, Il-Marṣā)
 * (المهدية, Al-Mahdīya) — former capital
 * (مـنسـتير, Monāstīr / Mīstīr) — ancient city with a history back to Phoenecian times; these days home of the main charter flight airport in the country
 * ( مرسى القنطاوي ) — a popular tourist destination in Tunisia, north of Sousse.
 * (سيدي بو سعيد, Sīdi Bū Sɛīd) — picturesque seaside town of white houses with blue doors and shutters.
 * (سوسة, Sūsa) — the town is a for its architecture, and also a popular beach resort option
 * (طبرقة, Tbarqa) — Old Phoenician/Roman port city near the Algerian border in far northwest Tunisia.

Other destinations

 * — Phoenician colony, biggest trade metropolis of the antique world; famously razed by the Romans; remnants now encased in a museum; site easily reached by train from Tunis.
 * (دڨة, Doggā) — impressive ruins of a remote Roman city
 * (الجمّ, Il-jām) — one of the best preserved Roman amphitheaters in the world.
 * (كركوان, Karkwān) — remnants of the sole untouched Punic settlement which is a UNESCO World Heritage site
 * – an important reserve for the local birds in the area and a UNESCO World Heritage Site

By plane
Tunis–Carthage International Airport (Aéroport de Tunis-Carthage, مطار تونس قرطاج الدولي)

See

 * Menzel Bourguiba town which name is translated as "House of Bourguiba", as it was named after the first president of independent Tunisia, Habib Bourguiba.
 * Quamart — a purpose built beach resort just south of Tunis.

Go next

 * Central Coastal Tunisia
 * Saharan Tunisia

title: Northern Tunisia


text:
Northern Uganda

Northern Uganda is a region of 7.2 million people in the north of the country.

Cities

 * - the north-western corner of the country, reached by daily flights from Entebbe Airport.
 * - centrally located, the main city of the north.
 * - on the west bank of the Albert Nile on the road to Arua and the end of the former British rail line from Mombasa.
 * - on the west bank of the Albert Nile on the road to Arua and the end of the former British rail line from Mombasa.

Other destinations

 * — boasts a deluxe safari camp under construction just outside its borders. A small reserve of 16,600 hectares, on the east bank of the Albert Nile.
 * - A former game reserve that has been turned into farmland, but with a wildlife management programme to manage the wild life that still passes through the area.

Get in

 * - in the extreme NE corner of Uganda on the Sudan border. Incredible birds and wildlife including elephant, zebra, ostrich and massive buffalo herds.
 * - offers a very nice boat trip getting surrounded by crocodiles and hippos. The nearby waterfall is dramatic and beautiful, as the entire Nile River plunges down 45 m (150 ft) and through a 7 m (23 ft) wide crevice. It is possible to do safaris - Murchison is full of a variety of wildlife, including elephants, giraffes, hartbeast, buffalo, and a few lions and leopards. It is still a little bit difficult to get as independent traveller. Take an early bus to Masindi and then try to arrange for transport to bring you to the park. With some luck, you could get a free ride with the rangers.

Get in
Gulu airport

Air
Air travel is possible to a few destinations, including Arua, Pader and Gulu. Only Eagle Air has scheduled flights, and has been reducing its service. A chartered plane from Kajjansi or Entebbe can take you to many more destinations.

Bus
Most places can be reached by bus, but this is an "experience" of its own, with borderline reckless drivers, worn-out and overcrowded vehicles, and long waits.

Rental car
The roads in the north are generally rough. In the rainy season sections may become muddy and bridges may flood or collapse. Inspect any rental vehicle before taking it into the bush. Ensure that the tires -- including the spare -- are not too worn. Two spares are better than one, and a jack and wheel spanner are easily forgotten. Four-wheel drive is mandatory, and if you anticipate any mud, insist on a vehicle with a locking differential. Stick with diesel engines, because petrol (gasoline) is more difficult to find.

Many Kampala-based drivers are unfamiliar with the north. Although they allow you to rest while traveling and may be helpful in the event of a breakdown, they are likely to be no more knowledgeable about directions than you.

Any driver's license from your home country will be accepted here.

Rail
A rail line once reached from Mombasa to Arua. Remnants are still visible, and East African Community is considering a plan to rebuild it.

Eat
Posho (aka ugali, white maize/corn mush) and beans are the local staple. Travelers looking for a change should find at least mediocre Indian, western and/or Ethiopian food in most cities.

Drink
Even the most remote villages will have warm bottled beer and sodas.

Stay safe
Africa's biggest killer, the malaria-bearing mosquito, is more prevalent in the north. Mosquito nets are mandatory, and for short-term visitors, prophylaxes are advisable.

title: Northern Uganda


text:
Northern Uzbekistan

Northern Uzbekistan comprises nearly one half of Uzbekistan, dominated by the barren Kyzylkum Desert and the enormous semi-autonomous Republic of Karakalpakstan.

Cities

 * — historic Silk Road city, home to UNESCO World Heritage site Itchan Kala.
 * — depressed former fishing town, now miles away from the receding Aral Sea.
 * — the capital of Karakalpakstan is the region's only large city, and is the unexpected home of the second largest painting collection of the Russian avant-garde in the world.
 * — a big, drab Soviet sort of city, gateway to Khiva.
 * — a city truly in the middle of nowhere, Uzbekistan's Gold Capital, home to the Navoi Mining & Metallurgy Combinat.

Talk
The language of Karakalpakstan is called Karakalpak. It is it more similar to Kazakh than to Uzbek. Uzbeks can hardly understand it. In this remote region people rarely talk in Russian—Uzbek is more handy.

Get in
There are several flights a week from Tashkent to Nukus.

Urgench International Airport

title: Northern Uzbekistan


text:
Northern Vietnam

Northern Vietnam is the cradle of the Vietnamese civilization and hence, home to more historical and cultural attractions than other regions. Its shoreline and mountains also offer impressive landscapes. Its most popular destinations, Hanoi, Ha Long Bay, Ninh Binh and Sa Pa, are also among the most visited in Vietnam.

Cities

 * – With Tam Coc and Trang An, famous for Ha Long Bay-like karst scenery along the river, as well as Hoa Lu the ancient capital before Hanoi
 * – A resort mountainous town in Vinh Phuc province
 * – With Tam Coc and Trang An, famous for Ha Long Bay-like karst scenery along the river, as well as Hoa Lu the ancient capital before Hanoi
 * – A resort mountainous town in Vinh Phuc province
 * – With Tam Coc and Trang An, famous for Ha Long Bay-like karst scenery along the river, as well as Hoa Lu the ancient capital before Hanoi
 * – A resort mountainous town in Vinh Phuc province
 * – With Tam Coc and Trang An, famous for Ha Long Bay-like karst scenery along the river, as well as Hoa Lu the ancient capital before Hanoi
 * – A resort mountainous town in Vinh Phuc province

Other destinations

 * – Popular with the islands of Van Don, Cat Ba, Quan Lạn
 * – Scenic mountains and lakes
 * – With hilltribe markets near the Chinese border
 * – A place of the beautiful Ba Bể Lake, meaning three combined lakes.
 * – The site of the French defeat in 1954
 * – On the border with China
 * – Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark
 * – A popular site for visiting indigenous tribes
 * – Dong Van Karst Plateau Geopark
 * – A popular site for visiting indigenous tribes
 * – A popular site for visiting indigenous tribes

Understand
There are quite considerable differences between the mountainous and delta areas in Northern Vietnam. The mountainous provinces bordering China have dramatic landscape, such as pristine subtropical forests, rice terraces and tea plantations. These provinces are less developed, with fewer industries and more ethnic groups. Notable tourist attractions are Ha Giang and Sa Pa.

The lowland and delta areas were traditionally farming areas, but the pronvinces around Hanoi (Bac Ninh, Thai Nguyen, Vinh Phuc, Hung Yen, and Hai Duong) are now largely industrialized. Toward the South China Sea are Ha Long Bay with hundreds of limestone karsts and caves, and Hai Phong, a major port and the third largest city in Vietnam.

By plane

 * near Hai Phong — has a few international connections
 * near Dien Bien Phu
 * near Hanoi — has international connections all over the world
 * near Cai Rong

Get around
There are of course lots of buses available in the region.

Many travellers prefer to do the Ha Giang Loop by motorbike: –  –  –  –.

Do
Cycling is a niche but growing activity in Northern Vietnam, progressively getting more challenging the farther you venture out of Hanoi. During your ride, you will be distracted by dense jungle, misty hills and mountains and gorgeous rice terraces. But to explore the region to its fullest, you ought to be an experienced peddler. If you are skilled and brave enough, make sure to ride along the jaw-dropping Mã Pí Lèng Pass between the towns of Dong Van and Meo Vac.

Buy
Most local markets in the north of Vietnam take place on a particular day each week. For example, Dong Van Market and Can Cau Markets take place on Saturday or Sunday. The markets open at 05:00 and close at 15:00-16:00. Ethnic peoples, such as the Hmong, Dzao, Tay, Lo Lo and Tu Di, go to the market from the early morning on by foot, horse and motorbike. They travel in families and groups of young girls and boys in their most colorful clothes. Even if don't sell all of their products, they still meet their old friends and have a chance to drink, chat or share their life stories. Some other markets are exceptional: They are “backward markets”! They take place every 6 days, calculated by the Lunar Calendar.

Stay safe
In the northern part of Vietnam the dangers are small. Just like every other country there are pickpockets and a few scammers, but this is your biggest worry from the locals.

If you visit the wild nature next to the Chinese border, not many animals are dangerous. But a few wild cats are seen now and then in the nature reserves, like the Asian golden cat.

Go next

 * Vietnam's Central Coast to the south

title: Northern Vietnam


text:
Northern Virginia

Northern Virginia (or NoVA) is highly populated, and smashes most all stereotypes of Virginia, that one-time Southern state. Though much of it is considered a suburb of metropolitan Washington, D.C., the inner suburbs are really cities in their own right, with world class attractions and nightlife, and the ensuing sprawl is likewise dense with its own attractions and culinary gems.

Cities and towns

 * — the county seat of massive Fairfax County, but retaining a quaint colonial downtown.
 * — Historic downtown area complimented by civil war history accompanied by strip malls and various shopping and dining options around the Central Park area
 * — seat of Loudoun County, with a historic downtown and outlet shopping beyond.
 * — Manassas is rich in Civil War history from the eastern theatre. Today Manassas has the largest percentage of Hispanic residence in the state of Virginia and is evident through the culture of the city.
 * — an early "New Town" planned community, with abundant green space, arts, and dining amidst office towers and condominiums.
 * — Located along the Capitol Beltway, Springfield puts you on the doorstep of D.C. providing easy access into the city via metro or enjoy the ammeneities nearby such as Springfield Town Center
 * — Sachertortes, mountain scenery, lederhosen, the waltz—wait, just kidding! But it's home to the big Wolf Trap Performing Arts Center, and right next to Tysons Corner shopping malls.
 * — Largest concentration of minorities within the Northern Virginia area shown through diverse restaurants, stores, etc., and also home to Potomac Mills shopping outlets

Understand
Northern Virginia is emphasis on the Northern. No drawls here, the politics are liberal, and people aren't too sure what to make of grits. Actually, most Northern Virginians were born elsewhere, with nearly half of them either from a different country or born to immigrant parents. Outside the immigrant populations, which are fairly wealthy in their own right by any national standards, the native-born population is downright spectacularly wealthy. Polo shirts and khakis shorts rule, pearls adorn the night, mansions are so nouveau-riche (and prevalent), and world class golf is in every direction.

Northern Virginia has always been closely tied with the nation's capital. This part of the state benefits from the history and the cultural aspects of Washington D.C., featuring famous museums, cemeteries, and the home of the first president of the United States. Arlington and Alexandria, in particular, are every bit as dense urban areas as D.C. — if not more so. Fairfax County is only slightly less dense, and, with over one million residents, is the most populous county in the state by far.

Much of the northeastern corner of Virginia, aside from the cores of Arlington and Alexandria, was farmland for most of its history until the period immediately following World War II, when government employment increased and the population around Washington D.C. began to grow. The area experienced another explosion in growth due to tech industry jobs in the early 1990s. Today it remains one of the fastest growing areas of the country. While Northern Virginia continues to expand, the region ranges from crowded planned cities with excellent shopping to soccer-mom suburbia, from ethnic neighborhoods full of authentic restaurants to the upper-crust style of the Hunt Country.

By plane

 * Washington Dulles International Airport
 * Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
 * Leesburg Municipal Airport (charter and private planes only, no commercial service)
 * Baltimore/Washington International Airport

Northern Virginia has two big airports: Ronald Reagan National in Arlington, and Washington Dulles International  in Sterling. Baltimore-Washington International is often cited as the area's third airport, but if you factor in the $100 (or more)-long cab ride, that Southwest Airlines flight isn't as good a deal as it seemed, right?

Private and charter craft can also land at Leesburg Municipal.

By car
A good long list of major interstates lead into Northern Virginia. I-495 (the Capital Beltway) and I-95 both lead into Arlington and Alexandria from Maryland, with I-395 being a special extension of I-95 at the Beltway into Washington, D.C. from the south. I-95 keeps heading south to Fredericksburg and on to Richmond. On the Maryland side of I-495, you can pick up I-95 north to Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, and on to Boston, or I-270 to I-70 to Pittsburgh and on to the Midwest.

I-66 (paralleling US-50) comes in from West Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley via Front Royal, west of which it connects with I-81. Note the highway east of I-495 is HOV-2 (two people per car except motorcycles) only in the direction of rush hour, 6-9:30AM and 4-6:30PM.

Traffic on all of these highways and many of the other arteries around them is very heavy during morning and afternoon rush hours (about 7-9:30AM and 3:30-7:30PM). Washington, DC area traffic is now considered the worst in the country.

By boat
Not a very common way to get to the region, but there are riverboat cruises and water taxis from DC.

By train
WMATA provides metro service from Washington, D.C. and Maryland via the Blue, Yellow, Orange, and Silver lines. The metro is relatively frequent and runs from early morning to late evening. Regional train service is provided by VRE that runs commuter trains from Union Station and L'Enfant Plaza in Washington D.C. to several cities in Northern Virginia, mostly ones not covered by Metro.

For long-distance trains, there is Amtrak which has a hub in Alexandria in addition to Washington, D.C, and some Amtrak trains continue into other stations in Northern Virginia. From southern Virginia, there are daily services from Roanoke and Newport News via Richmond.

Get around

 * Taking Metrorail might be a good option - there are many stations within the Beltway (near Washington, DC, in other words), including one that emerges right outside the Fashion Centre at Pentagon City. It is also the easiest way to enter Washington, DC.
 * Driving can be convenient, unless you wish to enter Washington, DC, or cross the Beltway in either direction. The highways (I-395, I-95, I-495, and I-66) are extremely backed up during rush hour. The "Mixing Bowl" (the intersection of I-395, I-95, and I-495 south of Washington, DC) is especially notorious. Attempting to travel by road between 2PM and 6PM on any weekday (and, for that matter, on a weekend) is strongly discouraged.

See

 * The Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington is a national military cemetery that includes John F. Kennedy's tomb and the house of General Robert E. Lee. Visitors can watch the changing of the guard ceremony in front of the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
 * Old Town Alexandria in the independent City of Alexandria. This highly walkable Old Town at the edge of the Potomac River features historic buildings, churches, museums and art galleries, a farmers market, and a variety of places to eat and shop.
 * George Washington lived in the Mount Vernon country estate in Mount Vernon, Fairfax County.
 * National Rifle Association Museum and Headquarters in Fairfax. Museum and firearms range.
 * Pentagon in Arlington; just across the Potomac River from downtown DC. While lingering is not recommended for security reasons, you should know it is the largest office building in the world, and covers 4 zip codes. (Army, Navy, Air Force and Department of Defense.)
 * Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center — National Air and Space Museum houses many air/spacecraft, including the SR-71 "Blackbird" spy plane, the Concorde supersonic jet and the space shuttle "Enterprise".
 * Manassas National Battlefield Park was the site of two major battles of the American Civil War, also known as the First and Second Battles of Bull Run.
 * National Marine Corps Museum in Quantico is a fabulous museum, often and wrongly overlooked by those unaffiliated with the Marine Corps.
 * National Museum of the United States Army in Fort Belvoir charts the history of the Army, from its beginnings as George Washington's Continental Army to a number of exhibits that showcase current technology and threats, such as cybersecurity and global cyberwarfare.

Do

 * Great Falls Park, in McLean. Gorgeous national park with waterfalls and hiking trails, minutes from the beltway. Kayaking and rock climbing. Going to the park after a large rain storm provides different views as the water levels can change drastically.

Buy

 * Potomac Mills Outlets in Woodbridge offers slightly better outlet shopping.
 * Tysons Corner Center is the D.C. area's biggest shopping mall, set within its biggest suburban business center.

Go next

 * Washington, D.C. — lots of memorials and other government attractions in the nation's capital.
 * Maryland

title: Northern Virginia


text:
North Estonia

The northern region of Estonia is the most visited region in the country.

Cities, towns and villages

 * – The capital, and financial and cosmopolitan centre of Estonia, with a medieval Old Town. Beautiful and expensive.
 * – A small borough
 * – A coastal village
 * – A coastal village inside of Lahemaa National Park.
 * – A small town with a historic cement plant and port on the shore of the Gulf of Finland.
 * – A coastal village
 * – The industrial town in the eastern side of Tallinn, known for location of the largest cargo port in Estonia.
 * – A coastal and formerly closed military town during the Soviet era.
 * – Estonia's fifth largest city, east of Tallinn, famous for its Punk and Rock festivals and spirit.
 * – A junction railway station and one of the largest ex-Soviet military towns in Estonia.
 * – The spring capital of Estonia with a range of monuments of Estonian functionalism.
 * – A small coastal borough inside of Lahemaa National Park.

Other destinations

 * – On the coast within an hour east (50 km) of Tallinn. Given its size it is the largest park in Estonia and one of Europe's biggest national parks, with 1,000 km2 of bogs, trails, coastline, forests, and 4 manors. It allows for convenient up to medium difficulty day trips and hikes from Tallinn.

Understand
North Estonia contains the capital Tallinn, whose UNESCO-protected medieval Old Town is the country's premier attraction. The region covers four counties: Harjumaa (Rugel), Lääne-Virumaa, Raplamaa and Järvamaa. North Estonia is one of the most developed and industrial regions (together with East Estonia). It has the largest population, continuously growing.

Unlike the crowded Tallinn, the rural part of Northern Estonia enjoys incomparably less popularity. However, there are impressive natural attractions: the bogs and boulders of Lahemaa Park, coastal rocks and major Estonian waterfalls. There is also a share of architectural values in the region – from medieval churches, castles, and manors to the architecture of the 20th century.

This region was dominated by Denmark in the 13th century until the "Revolt of the Night of St. George".

Get in
Tallinn contains Estonia's main port and airport. If arriving from Latvia or Russia overland along major roads the road signs say "Tallinn" all the way from the border. There are also direct trains from Saint Petersburg.

Get around
Bus and train schedules are easily available online – read more under Estonia.

By bus
Most villages, towns and cities are connected by regular bus services. Smaller places are often only served in the morning or noon, and late afternoon (17/18:00). Cities generally have buses up to 21:00. Make sure, you do not miss the last bus.

See

 * Jägala Falls are Estonia's largest waterfall. During cold winters, Jägala Falls freezes in a spectacular fashion and is well worth seeing.
 * Kunda Cement Museum, in Kunda, north of Rakvere.
 * Ämari Pilots’ Cemetery, south of Paliski, is the last resting place of a number of Estonia's fighter pilots who served in the air force under Soviet rule before 1991. Pilots of which the aircraft were downed and recovered have their graves decorated with the tail fin of their aircraft instead of a generic tomb stone, making the cemetery look like a squadron of jet fighters buried in the forest.
 * Several manor houses are mostly found around Rakvere. There are 4 more in Lahemaa National Park.
 * Two points of the Struve Geodetic Arc world heritage site are found just outside the village of Simuna, 41 km south of Rakvere. Woibifer/Võivere has a windmill that served as a triangulation point and has now been restored into a visitors' centre. Next to the windmill is a marker in the ground protected by a vitrine. Katko has a little stone pillar in the field marking the end of the Simuna line.

Do

 * Hiking in Lahemaa National Park
 * Enjoying the beaches of the northern Estonian coast
 * Fishing: at a trout farm in the northern outskirts of Halyal (10 km from Rakvere to the north). Fishing in the pond (hire fishing rods and selling food, as well as a free opportunity to dig worms for fishing). There, for a fee, the catch is smoked. Including restaurant and playground.
 * The Viking village near Aruküla is a theme park in a deep forest. It's a scenic place with a tavern, accommodation and its own small lake, from where everyone can catch their own fish and get it cooked. It is suitable for a day out with kids but too tacky for adults.
 * Vembu-Tembumaa is a large amusement park for the whole family south of Tallinn.
 * Atlantis H2O Aquapark, northeast of Tallinn, has lots of fun water equipment: a wave pool, a flow pool and eight different slides, the longest of which is over 120 m. For toddlers, there is a separate area with two smaller slides, a climbing area and a 0.20 m deep swimming pool.

Go next

 * West Estonia and Islands – Islands, Baltic Sea, spas, beaches, and wild life habitat for birds moving towards the south in fall.
 * East Estonia – Beautiful north coast of Lake Peipsi, and gateway to Russia through the border city Narva. More people speak Russian than Eesti here.
 * South Estonia – Famous for the intellectual hub, ancient city and university town Tartu, and many picturesque town like Viljandi.

title: North Estonia


text:
Northfield

There is more than one place called Northfield:

United States of America

 * Northfield (Illinois) - A village in Illinois.
 * Northfield (Minnesota) - A city in Minnesota.
 * Northfield (Massachusetts) - A town in Massachusetts.
 * Northfield (New Hampshire) - A town in New Hampshire.
 * Northfield (New Jersey) - A city in New Jersey.
 * Northfield (Ohio) - A village in Ohio.
 * Northfield (Vermont) - A town in Vermont.

title: Northfield


text:
Northfield (Illinois)

Northfield is a city in The suburbs of Chicago Illinois It is about 20 miles North of the city of Chicago. The Population is around 5500 people. The city is primarily a residential village, with a small section of commercial real-estate.

Get in

 * By Car I-94/US-41 (local Interstate, known to locals as the Edens expressway), Five minutes from the interstate, with connections to other local suburbs.
 * By Plane O’Hare International Airport (Closer to the Northern Suburbs, Including Northfield, most major airlines fly there) or Midway International Airport (closer for the city of Chicago, cheaper airlines fly there, still access to Northfield).
 * By taxi From both airports or from anywhere in the city.
 * By train From both airports and the Chicago (Metra, and the “L”) is Chicago’s subway except it's above ground)
 * By bus Pace/Metra, From trains, airports, and other local suburbs.

Get around

 * Pace bus - local public transportation
 * Bike - many new bike trails through Forest Preserves
 * Car - very few taxis throughout the roads

See
536 North Harlem Avenue, River Forest, IL, Lots of Public Bike paths, Fishing, and picnic areas.
 * Cook County Forest Preserves, Forest Preserve District of Cook County, Illinois

title: Northfield (Illinois)


text:
Northfield (Minnesota)

Northfield is a city in Minnesota. Its major historical claim to fame is the "Defeat of Jesse James." It's also one of the best-smelling towns in America due to the local Malt-O-Meal factory.

Understand
On September 7th, 1876, the James-Younger Gang rode into town intent on robbing the First National Bank of Northfield. Tipped off due to their suspicious actions, the citizens of Northfield engaged in a quick but heavy firefight with the gang that left two citizens and two gang members dead. The other six gang members sustained a range of injuries and fled south. Four were captured two weeks later only fifty miles from Northfield.

Malt-O-Meal was purchased by POST Consumer Brands in 2016, so the Northfield factory now has a large, red POST sign. At times the town distinctly smells of popcorn or chocolate or cinnamon depending on which cereal is being made at the time.

By car
Northfield sits at the intersection of highways MN 19 and MN 3. The quickest way to Northfield from the Twin Cities is taking Interstate 35 south to MN 19 (Exit 69) and go east on 19. The downtown area is on the east side of the Cannon River.

By bus

 * Northfield Lines. Operator of the Northfield Metro EXPRESS, a daily bus service between Northfield and the Twin Cities. One-way fare is $13 if purchased online or $25 if purchased on the bus.

Get around
There is some public transit in Northfield, but it is a very walkable town. However to get out to the more commercial shopping area down Highway 3, you'll probably want a bike or car. There is a smaller taxi service (+1 507-645-4447).

Care Tenders is an airport shuttle service, the only service of its kind in Northfield. It also provides service in and around Northfield. +1-888-492-RIDE (7433)

There is also Northfield Transit and Dial-A-Ride +1 507 645-7250 that operates during the day.

Buy

 * con.tent, 314 Division Street. Purveyors of new and used books. Live reading events.
 * Rare Pair, 401 Division St. Quality shoes, clothing and accessories for men and women.
 * Paper Petalum, 212 Division St. in the Archer House. Scandinavian and quality gifts.
 * Rare Pair, 401 Division St. Quality shoes, clothing and accessories for men and women.
 * Paper Petalum, 212 Division St. in the Archer House. Scandinavian and quality gifts.

Eat

 * Hogan Brother's Hogies, Downtown on Division. Super tasty sandwiches. Super super tasty.
 * The OIe Store Restaurant, 1011 St Olaf Ave. Home of the Ole Roll and delicious lunches and dinners. Upscale casual contemporary menu.
 * Gran Plaza Mexican Grill, On Highway 3 south. Good Mexican food.
 * El Tequila, On Highway 3. Good Mexican food.
 * Basil's Pizza A Greek pizzeria for over 50 years!. Try the Gyro pizza with Taziki sauce. Seriously. Located in the old downtown on 4th street.
 * B and L's, On Division St. Another Greek Pizzeria.
 * George's Vineyard Another pizzeria located on Highway 3, serves Greek food.
 * The Quarterback Club, Highway 3 and 3rd street. Delicious and reasonably priced flame-broiled burgers, broasted chicken and BBQ ribs.
 * Tokoyo Grill, Highway 3 at 1301 Bollenbacher Dr. Excellent Japanese steak house. A favorite of college students and locals.

Coffee shops

 * The Ole Cafe The Ole Cafe is similar to the Blue Monday, but provides caffeinated goodness to the other side of town. Located just short of St. Olaf College on St. Olaf Avenue.
 * James Gang Coffeehouse & Eatery This place serves people around the Highway 3 shopping areas. Great coffee, sandwiches, and soups, in a relaxed atmosphere. Free WiFi internet connection.
 * James Gang Coffeehouse & Eatery This place serves people around the Highway 3 shopping areas. Great coffee, sandwiches, and soups, in a relaxed atmosphere. Free WiFi internet connection.

Bars

 * The Contented Cow This British-style pub is a local favorite. Classic pub food is available as well as a wide range of international beers among other beverages. Local bands (mostly of the folk variety) play there regularly. This place tends to attract a mellow crowd of all ages.
 * Froggy Bottoms On the banks of the Cannon river, Froggy Bottoms has a very trendy feel and serves food as well as drinks. This place attracts a varied kind of crowd.
 * Tanzenwald Brewing Company, on Highway 3 at 103 Water St. It serves German food and their own beer.
 * Imminent Brewing, 519 Division St. Production brewery and taproom. Live music.

title: Northfield (Minnesota)


text:
Northfield (Ohio)

Northfield is a village in Summit County in Northeast Ohio.

By Car
Northfield is located at the junction between I271 and I480/SR14. SR8 passes through Northfield.

Go next

 * Cuyahoga Valley National Park
 * Cleveland
 * Hudson
 * Kent
 * Sagamore Hills

title: Northfield (Ohio)


text:
Northfield (Vermont)

Northfield is a city in Central Vermont that is home to Norwich University, the oldest private military college in the United States.

Get around
Do be careful in Northfield to abide by the speed limit. Lots of local police with nothing to do but make some money for the local town with your speeding ticket.

title: Northfield (Vermont)


text:
North Florida

North Florida is the laid back cousin to its Central and South Florida counterparts. Often overshadowed by its larger neighbors, the region has a remarkably diverse culture and vibrant history. Synonymous with "Old Florida", the area is a treasure trove of natural beauty, southern charm, and unavoidable history lessons.

Cities
s

Some of the major cities in North Florida are:
 * - an island town on Florida's Gulf Coast
 * - home to the University of Florida, the state's flagship university
 * - regional business and cultural capital
 * - quaint town on the edge of the Osceola National Forest
 * - a center of horse culture and abundant natural beauty
 * - Jacksonville suburb with a taste for greyhound races and high stakes
 * - historic river city abounding with cultural assets and complemented by the great outdoors
 * - a beach resort community and residential area on the southeastern edge of North Florida
 * - oldest continuously occupied European settlement in the United States and a hub of tourist activity

Understand
North Florida is "Old Florida" in that it exhibits what the culture of the entire state used to be like only a few decades ago. It is more akin to the Deep South in culture (although there is still some northeastern influence, particularly in  Jacksonville, as with the rest of Florida, although not as much as the central part of the state). It is mostly rural and is not as metropolitan as parts of Central or South Florida. The landscape and environment of the region does not typify the sub-tropical environment that most think of Florida. The region is more known for its magnolias and live oaks than palm trees and beaches.

Talk
English is spoken almost without exception in North Florida. Most native north Floridians speak with a Southern dialect. The old saying that Florida is the only state in the Union that gets more southern the farther north you go is certainly true in terms of accent.

By bus

 * Greyhound Bus Lines, has service to Gainesville, Jacksonville, Lake City, Ocala, and St. Augustine.

By train

 * Amtrak, +1-800-872-7245. Service by the Silver Service/Palmetto lines to Jacksonville and Palatka.

By car

 * I-95 runs along the Atlantic coast throughout the entire North Florida region.
 * I-75 runs north-south through the middle of North Florida, and connects to the Florida Turnpike south of Ocala for a straight shot into Orlando and Miami.
 * I-10 runs westward from Jacksonville to Tallahassee and eventually to Alabama.

By public transit
Jacksonville Transportation Authority (JTA), Gainesville Regional Transit System (RTS), and Ride Solution provide bus service for much of the region. The JTA operates the Jacksonville Skyway in the immediate downtown area. The elevated monorail is useful for travelers looking to explore Jacksonville's urban environment.

By car
If you are planning on exploring the depths of this vast region it is advised to rent a vehicle. Many of the area's charming cities and scenic places are inaccessible otherwise.

See
History has an important presence in North Florida, represented by the beautiful city of St. Augustine. It's the oldest city in the United States and the location of Flagler College. Other notable historic sites include the Olustee Battlefield Historic State Park and historic regions in various parts of the region. There are nature reserves as well here, including Devil's Millhopper Geological State Park and Ravine Gardens State Park.

The region includes springs, such as the Silver Springs east of Ocala.

Florida Lighthouses are numerous and beautiful; take some time to visit these iconic images of the coast.

Do
Due to it being relatively undeveloped compared to the rest of the state, North Florida is paradise for anyone who likes to enjoy nature. Hunting and fishing are the favorite activities for both residents and many visitors to the region.

Eat
North Florida is a very diversified region for food. One could enjoy fresh seafood in St. Augustine or in Cedar Key. The region is also known for its Barbecue. Sonny's Real Pit BBQ, the largest barbecue chain in America, was started in Gainesville. The region is also known for specializing in "Cracker Cuisine" which is the traditional food eaten by the early pioneers of Florida. Two well known cracker restaurants is the Yearling in Gainesville and Stumpknockers in Ocala.

Drink
North Florida is home to two of Florida's four dry counties where the sale of alcohol is prohibited (Lafayette and Suwannee). However, alcohol of any variety can be found in abundance in the cosmopolitan city of Jacksonville and the college town of Gainesville.

Stay safe
Be warned that Jacksonville has the highest murder rate in the state, however, only certain neighborhoods are deemed "unsafe" while most other areas of the city are tourist friendly.

North Florida's "southern" culture also applies to politics; this is arguably one of the most conservative areas in the USA. Be warned if you bring up politics.

Go next

 * Florida Panhandle
 * Central Florida
 * Coastal Georgia
 * Plantation Midlands

title: North Florida


text:
North Frisian Islands

The North Frisian Islands, German: die Nordfriesische Inseln, North Frisian: Nuurdfresk Eilunen, are an archipelago in Schleswig-Holstein in northern Germany, separated from the mainland by the Wadden Sea.

Halligen
Besides the major islands, there are also the Halligen, smaller islands with most of the activity limited to one or several Warften, man-made hills which are built to protect the inhabitants in the event of a storm flood and which are usually the only thing not to be flooded half a dozen times a year. Their name is sometimes used with "Hallig" before their proper name (e.g. "Hallig Hooge") Further Halligen, which are entirely unpopulated or only have one or two permanent inhabitants include Hamburger Hallig, Süderoog, Norderoog, Südfall and Habel

Cities
This is largely a rural area with tourism as its main (and sometimes only) economic activity of note, so the term "city" is a stretch even for the ones listed here

Other destinations

 * The Halligen, small islands and islets that are almost completely submerged during high floods save some Warften (artificial hills with most of the settlements on them). The biggest and most well known of them is Hallig Hooge (pronounced with a long "o").

Understand
These islands are geologically different from the East Frisian islands in that they don't mostly consist of sand and dunes, but are rather remnants of former mainland that were cut of by the rising sea as well as storm floods and human mismanagement. The whole area is influenced by the constant struggle of its inhabitants against nature, gaining, losing and reclaiming land since probably Roman times.

The islands, and the water around them, make up the Schleswig-Holstein Wadden Sea National Park (Nationalpark Schleswig-Holsteinisches Wattenmeer).

Talk
The North Frisian Islands are located in Germany so all locals speak standard German. The region is officially bi-lingual and actually tri-lingual as not only is the Frisian language still taught and spoken, Danish, Low German and South Jutlandic ("Low Danish") plays a local role as well. both are protected by law. Frisian is interesting in that is the closest relative to modern English still spoken.

By air
Westerland on Sylt has an airport with some seasonal connections to Southern German destinations. However, unless you are headed to Sylt first and foremost, its location in the Northwestern "corner" of this area makes it an awkward access point, despite its railway connection to the mainland. Besides that a number of islands, for example Föhr and Heligoland have small airfields for private aircraft. For private charter Air Hamburg is one possibility. Hamburg airport is the closest with major airline connections. That being said, unless you are already in (Northern) Germany, you will most likely find arriving by air cumbersome and too expensive for hardly any value added.

By boat
Most islands are connected by boat to several points on the German mainland. Heligoland is among the best connected with a number of boats leaving almost every day from some ports in the summer high season.

By train
Westerland on Sylt is connected to the mainland via the railway-only Hindenburgdamm (named for the infamous Reichspräsident, several attempts at changing the name after 1945 have failed) and trains are available from many points in Germany, there is even limited Intercity service. The Sylt Shuttle and its competitor, Autozug Sylt also transport cars.

Get around
Depending on the size of the islands you can either walk, cycle or even drive a car (mainly on Sylt). Keep in mind that while the terrain is flat it can get windy, making cycling against the wind a daunting task to some.

See

 * Rock formation of Heligoland
 * The beaches of Sylt

Do

 * Bird watching

Stay healthy
Bear in mind that even in cold and windy weather you can get severely sunburnt. To avoid the immediate unpleasantness and a potential of a higher risk of skin cancer cover as much skin as possible and apply sunscreen (widely available, Sonnencreme or Sonnenmilch in German) to exposed areas even if the temperature is "only" 25°C

title: North Frisian Islands