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Sudan

Sudan (Arabic: السودان, As-Sudan) is a country in Northeast Africa and is Africa's third largest country in terms of area. Sudan was the continent's largest country up until the secession of South Sudan in 2011.

Since the 1980s, Sudan has been in the news for all the wrong reasons. The country has had a particularly turbulent history since independence from the United Kingdom, and has suffered from decades of conflict and warfare. Under less dire circumstances, however, travelling to Sudan offers one the opportunity to explore a large, diverse nation whose history is believed to go all the way back to 8000 BCE and meet some very hospitable, jovial people.

Cities

 * — the national capital, which also consists of Omdurman and Khartoum North (Bahri)
 * — simultaneously part of both Sudan and South Sudan until a referendum can be held in the area
 * — capital of North Kurdufan state
 * — capital of Gedaref state
 * — capital of Darfur
 * — Sudan's main Red Sea port
 * — an important railway junction and railroad manufacturing centre
 * — an important railway junction and railroad manufacturing centre

Other destinations

 * — ancient Egyptian/Kush ruins with ruins of several temples, palaces, & a few pyramids. A UNESCO World Heritage site.
 * — ancient Nubian royal city on the banks of the Nile, home to over 200 pyramids. A UNESCO World Heritage site.

History
The area around the banks of the River Nile was once known as Nubia, one of the world's earliest civilisations that was the main rival of its northern neighbour, Egypt. The city of Kerma is believed to have been the capital of the first centralised Nubian state. Nubia would be annexed by Egypt in the 16th century BCE under the rule of Pharaoh Thutmose I, with its southern limits extended all the way to the city of Napata, leading to the fusion of Egyptian culture with their own native culture by the Nubians.

With the weakening of Egyptian control, a de facto independent Nubian state would re-emerge in Napata, becoming the Kingdom of Kush. The Kingdom of Kush would grow in strength, eventually conquering Egypt in the 8th century BCE, thus establishing the 25th Dynasty, with its rulers popularly known as the "black pharoahs" due to the colour of their skin that stood in contrast to the lighter-skin Egyptians. The southern part of the kingdom was home to the city of Meroë, known for its Nubian pyramids, which while clearly influenced by the Egyptian ones, are also built in a distinctively Nubian architectural style, which later became the capital of the kingdom. During the height of Roman power, while Egypt was conquered by the Romans, the Kingdom of Kush managed to fend off the Romans under the leadership of the warrior queen Amanirenas, also known as the One-Eyed Queen due to having lost an eye during a battle with the Romans. Eventually, the Nubians proved so difficult to fight that the Romans agreed to a peace treaty, thus maintaining Nubia's independence.

Islam was introduced to the Sudan from Egypt in the 7th century by the Arabs, who called it bilal al-Sudan, meaning "land of the Blacks". In the 16th century, the Funj Sultanate ruled the northern quarter. After a brief period of Ottoman rule, Sudan became the scene of Mahdist uprisings resulting in British control. Sudan declared independence in 1956 as a modern republic and became the largest country in Africa.

Sudan was afflicted by civil wars for more than 40 years until South Sudan became independent in July 2011, following a referendum. When the colonial map-makers divided up Africa, they included in Sudan the predominantly Muslim people of the north (including Nubians and Arabs), who share much of their history and culture with Egyptians, and the largely Christian and Animist Bantu people of the south, who have more in common with the rest of sub-Saharan Africa than with their northern countryfolk. Minor conflicts still linger in the western region of Darfur, and hotspots do occur on the eastern front, next to the border with Eritrea. From 1989 to 2019, Sudan was under the authoritarian rule of Omar Hassan al-Bashir until a coup spurred by protests led to a new military government taking power.

Geography
Sudan is as geographically diverse as it is culturally; in the north, the Nile cuts through the eastern edge of the Sahara: the Nubian desert, the site of the Ancient Kingdoms of Cush and Meroe, and the land of the Seti. Here, some modest farming and husbandry supplements the staple crop of date palms. The East and West are mountainous regions, and much of the rest of the country comprises savannahs typical of much of central sub-Saharan Africa. The vast majority of its population are Sunni Muslims and proselytization of non-Sunni beliefs is not allowed.

Along the border of Egypt with Sudan there is the strange stateless limbo of Bir Tawil, which is not claimed by either state and thus legally the only piece of dry land outside Antarctica not belonging to or claimed by any state. This is politically connected to the conflict of the Hala'ib Triangle by the coast, controlled by Egypt.

People
Sudan has nearly 600 ethnic groups. Sudanese Arabs are the largest ethnic group and other ethnic groups include Nubians, Copts and Beja.

Visa
Sudanese travel visas are expensive and difficult to acquire for some nationalities in some countries or for people with an Israeli stamp in their passport. It is advisable to obtain a Sudanese visa in your home country if possible.

From Egypt: Cairo and Aswan are the easiest places to get one (usually a couple of hours after application), it costs US$150 (as of November 2022), payment is now possible in Egyptian pounds. A letter of invitation/introduction from your embassy is no longer needed.

As of July 2022, a UK passport takes four days processing once handed in at the Cairo office, US$150 paid in absolutely pristine banknotes plus two small passport photos and the paper form filled in, as given there. The tourist visa is for two calendar months from date of issue; it is all written in Arabic. Your declared first hotel name is scrawled against the sponsor on the visa sticker, but a specific hotel booking doesn't seem needed despite indications for this elsewhere. It's a somewhat confused process where showing lots of deferrence and patience is required. They say a COVID-19 negative test taken within three days is needed at the border but no vaccine or quarantine, nor restrictions on entry or exit points. The embassy for visas in Cairo is near Dokki metro station, turning left onto Dokki street, following the flyover and then taking the last right hand side turning to the end, past the small hospital.

From Ethiopia - getting a visa from the Sudanese Embassy in Addis Ababa is extremely unpredictable, although it is cheaper (around US$60). Your name is first sent to Khartoum merely for approval. An official has stated, "It could take two weeks, it could take two months." Once your name has been approved, the visa itself only takes a couple of days. Britons and Americans are generally given more of a run around, but no nationality is guaranteed swift receipt of a visa. Expect to wait a minimum of two weeks for approval. If your trip continues from Sudan to Egypt and you already have your Egyptian visa you may be given a one-week transit visa for Sudan in only a day, which can be extended in Khartoum (at a hefty cost, though). The British Embassy in Addis Ababa charges a steep 740 birr (over GBP40) for their letter of invitation/introduction.

From Kenya - visa applications are submitted between 10:00 and 12:00 and visa collected next day 15:00-15:50. Price is 5,000 Kenyan shillings (Ksh) (US$50). Letter of support for application can be obtained from own embassy (e.g. British Embassy, charges Ksh8,200, turnaround time depends on availability of the Consul who needs to sign the letter). Sudanese Embassy is located in Kabarnet Road, off Ngong Road (10 minutes walk from Wildebeest Campsite accommodation in Kibera Road, and near Prestige Shopping Plaza). Google, Visa HQ, etc., show the old address (Minet ICDC building), which is not correct. Generally the experience at the Nairobi Sudanese Embassy is less confusing than in Egypt (with its jostling queues at three anonymous but different windows).

Possibly out of date information: From Kenya - as in Addis Ababa, the Sudanese Embassy in Nairobi sends your name to Khartoum for approval. The time it takes is similarly ambiguous, although the embassy is far more professional and efficiently-run than Addis Ababa's.

Hours-long waits for customs clearance are not unheard of, and landing in Khartoum can be tricky. Entering or exiting by land usually goes smoothly. Alcohol is forbidden in Sudan, and attempting to import it could bring strict penalties.

Permits and other legal requirements

 * Registration is obligatory within 3 days of arrival. It can be done at any of the entry ports, including Wadi Halfa, Khartoum, Port Sudan and Sawakin. Do not be tempted to skip registration, as it is very likely to cause problems when you leave the country - you might not be allowed to board your flight! Although anecdotal evidence suggests registration can be done when departing from the Khartoum airport.
 * Hotels used to complete the registration on your behalf, but it not clear that they still do so. Registration in Wadi Halfa shouldn't take more than an hour. Here, you may be approached (particularly if you're in a group) by an English-speaking man who will offer to take your passports and do everything while you wait outside. This is easier than doing it yourself (it is a ping-pong procedure between offices, counters, desks, etc.) but you'll find the fee he's added to each person's registration cost is USD2-3. It's not really that difficult.

 * There is a departure tax at the land borders. In case departing by air, departure tax is already included in the airline ticket price. The travel permit and the photo permit are no longer required.

By plane

Khartoum Airport  is the main gateway into Sudan by air. There are also some international flights which use Port Sudan airport.

Khartoum Airport is served by various Middle Eastern and African airlines. Among the cities with direct air links with Khartoum are Abu Dhabi (Etihad), Addis Ababa (Ethiopian Airlines), Amman (Royal Jordanian), Bahrain (Gulf Air), Cairo (EgyptAir, Sudan Airways), Damascus (Syrian Airlines), Doha (Qatar Airways), Dubai Airport (Emirates), Istanbul (Turkish Airlines), Nairobi (Kenya Airways), and Sharjah (Air Arabia low cost airline).

Port Sudan airport handles flights to Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Cairo. These flights usually begin/end at Khartoum.

On April 15, 2023, Khartoum Airport was seized by rebel forces and is closed due to ongoing fighting.

By train
There are train routes between Sudan and South Sudan from the city of Babanusa in Sudan to Wau in South Sudan.

By land
One way to get in from Ethiopia is via the border village of Gallabat. The road crossing from Egypt periodically closes, depending on diplomatic and trading relations between the two countries. Check for information before trying this route.

By bus
When open, there are buses from Aswan, Egypt; be prepared for a long 5-6 hours delays at the border.

There is no updated information about public transportation between Sudan and newly-independent South Sudan.

By boat
The most reliable way to enter Sudan from Egypt is via the weekly ferry from Aswan in Egypt to Wadi Halfa. It runs on Mondays to Sudan and back on Wednesdays, and costs US$33 per person. The boat is old and crowded with people and goods (the best place to sleep is on deck amongst the cargo) but it takes in some magnificent views (including that of Abu Simbel). Food and drink are available on board. There are frequent ferries from Saudi Arabia. If travelling from the south, ferry tickets can be purchased at Khartoum's main train terminal in North Khartoum.

By plane
Apart from Khartoum, there are small airports in Wadi Halfa, El Debba, Dongola, Port Sudan, El Fasher, Wad Madani, Merowe and El Obeid, all served by Sudan Airways. Most flights operate from Khartoum. Be prepared for changing timetables and cancelled flights.

By train
Although Sudan has one of the largest rail networks in Africa much of it is in a state of disrepair. There is reason for optimism about train travel in Sudan again. The Nile Express, with new trains brought in from China, now whisks passengers between Khartoum and Atbara on renovated tracks. More tracks are being renovated but for now other services are limited to local trains around the capital Khartoum, a weekly service from Wadi Halfa, timed with the ferry to/from Egypt, and a very sporadic service with Nyala. Sole operator of trains in Sudan is the Sudan Railways Corporation.

By car
Driving in Sudan is chaotic but not especially dangerous by African standards. Visitors to the area who are inexperienced at international driving are advised to hire a taxi or a driver. In most of the country, a 4WD is essential; Sudan's main highway is sealed for much of the way but most of the roads in the country are dirt or sand tracks. Crossing in to Sudan from Egypt via the ferry from Aswan to Wadi Halfa now has the benefit of the Chinese financed tarmac highway covering the 400 km south to Dongola, and then right through to Khartoum, another 500 km. This road is quick for overlanders as there are few military roadblocks, and very little other traffic.

By bus
While buses do run frequently in the better travelled areas, in remoter areas people tend to use trucks or "boxes" (Toyota Hiluxes) - they're usually just as crowded as the buses but have fewer people sitting on top and get stuck in the sand less often. They tend to go whenever they fill up, which can take half a day or so. If you have money to spare, you can hire a whole one to yourself

By bicycle
It is legal to cycle around Sudan, although it might be advisable to forget to mention your mode of transport when getting your permit to travel. "Cycling" will often consist of pushing the bike through sand or rattling along corrugations but the scenery and the warmth of the Sudanese people may compensate for the physical and bureaucratic hassles. Check carefully the availability of clean, drinkable water. Theft is not a problem; it is generally safe to leave bicycles unattended in villages and towns. Flies, puncture-generous thorn trees and, in the far north, lack of shade, can be real annoyances.

Talk
The official languages of Sudan are Arabic and English.

For most Sudanese people, Arabic is their first language, and English is normally their second language.

The local vernacular is Sudanese Arabic, which is somewhat similar to the Arabic spoken in Saudi Arabia.

If you don't know the local dialect, do not despair; all Sudanese people learn Modern Standard Arabic at school, so you should have no problems communicating in major cities. Bear in mind that illiteracy is still a major problem in Sudan.

Prior to a constitutional change in 2005, Arabic was the sole official language of the country.

See
In Khartoum/Omdurman you must see the Sufi ritual of drumming and trance dancing, about one hour before sunset and Friday prayer. These rituals take place northwest of the Nile river in Omdurman. Very welcoming, festive atmosphere.

A walk around Tuti Island, situated in the middle of the confluence of the two branches of the Nile, can take about four hours. The less populated northern section is pretty, with its shady lanes, and irrigated fields, and there is a great little coffee stall under a tree on the western side.

The pyramids of Meroe are 2.5 hours north of Khartoum (leave early to avoid Khartoum traffic). On the same route visit the sites of Naqa and Musawarat. Permits are required before visiting the sites. You pay at each site (which may depend on how well your driver gets along with the guards). Naqa and Musawarat are signposted beside the Nile Petrol station (about 1 hour 15 minutes north of Khartoum) and the track is fairly clear but sandy. It is probably good to carry a GPS to avoid getting lost in the bush.

After 16:00 take a good coffee at the Burj Al-Fatih - also known as Corinthia hotel -, with high altitude view over Khartoum, the Nile, and Omdurman, and stay to watch the sunset. Worthwhile.

About 1½ hours south of Khartoum visit the dam. Just north of the dam (downstream) the Nile is also very wide; on Friday/Saturday the area is popular is day visitors.

There is good diving near Port Sudan, either on live-aboards or from the new Red Sea Resort (north of Port Sudan). Beware the windy season (Nov to Feb) unless you're not prone to seasickness (2½-hour dingy ride from the coast in rough seas can be testing!)

Money

The currency of the country is the Sudanese pound (Arabic: جنية jeneh, ISO currency code: SDG). The pound is divided into 100 piastres (coins). The "G" in the currency code stands for "guinea".

The pound was introduced in 2007, to replace the Sudanese dinar (Arabic: دينار dinar, SDD). The new pound is worth 100 old dinars.

Coins in Sudan come in denominations of 1-, 5-, 10-, 20 and 50 piastres and 1 Sudanese pound. Banknotes in Sudan come in denominations of 1-, 2-, 5-, 10-, 20-, 50-, 100-, 200-, 500 and 1,000 Sudanese pounds.

Things are not so simple when it comes to price quoting. Instead of new pounds (which are hardly used for quoting) and dinars (more commonly used, especially when quoting in English), most people still talk in terms of the old pound, although there are no more old pound notes in circulation. One dinar is worth 10 old pounds. Hence, when a person asks for 10,000 pounds, they actually want 1,000 dinars from you. And just to add to the confusion further, people usually do away with the thousands when quoting in pounds. So, your taxi driver may ask you for 10 pounds, which actually means 10,000 old pounds, which is equivalent to 1,000 dinars, which should be referred to once again as just 10 pounds! To clear any confusion, you could try saying "new pound" or جنية الجديد jeneh al-jedid.

Easy summary: 1 new pound = 100 dinars = 1000 old pounds (long out of use)

Foreign cash into Sudan, preferably United States dollars (often accepted in hotels), Bank of England pounds and, to a lesser extent, euros are also fairly easy to exchange at banks in big cities. Travellers cheques are not accepted in Sudan.

There are many banks in Khartoum and throughout Sudan but not all of them have foreign exchange facilities. There are several money changers in Khartoum, especially in Afra Mall. There are also several Western Union agents in Khartoum which will do payouts for money transferred from overseas.

The currency is not fully convertible, and there is a black market with rates a little higher than the official rates: black market dealers quoted the U.S dollar at SGP1,030 in Nov 2023. The Sudanese pound is a closed currency, so be sure to change it back before you leave the country.

The currency is unstable, and the annual inflation rate was reported in Feb 2023 to be 63%.

ATMs

 * United Capital Bank (Corinthia Hotel)   has an international Visa card ATM.
 * Bank of Khartoum Visa card
 * Qatar National Bank Visa card

Sudanese cuisine
Sudanese cuisine has various influences, but none of them dominates the regional culinary cultures. Among the influences are from Egyptian, Ethiopian, Yemeni and Turkish cuisines (meatballs, pastries and spices), but there are also numerous dishes that are common to all Arabian nations.

 * Foul, made from fava beans, is a common dish. It is eaten daily in breakfast by many Sudanese and can be considered the national dish.
 * Local Sudanese breads are Kissra, a bread made from durra or corn; and Gurassa, a thick bread from wheat flour similar to pancake, but thicker. Sudanese also class Aseeda, a porridge made from wheat, millet or corn, as a bread.
 * One local Northern Sudanese dish is Gurassa Bil Damaa, which is a bread of unleavened wheat similar to a pancake but thicker, topped up with meat stew or chicken.
 * Some Eastern Sudanese dishes are Mukhbaza, which is made of shredded wheat bread mixed with mashed bananas and honey; Selaat, which is lamb cooked over heated stones; and Gurar, which is a kind of local sausage cooked in a similar way to Selaat.
 * One of the popular dishes from western Sudan is Agashe, meat seasoned with ground peanuts and spices (mainly hot chilli), and cooked on a grill or an open flame.
 * Fresh fruits and vegetables are very common.

Restaurants and food shopping
There are many modern restaurants/cafes such as Mexican, Korean, Italian, Turkish, Pakistani, Indian and Chinese in Khartoum and in Kharto North.

One of the main attractions is Sug al Naga (the camel market) north of Omdurman, where you can select your meat of choice and then hand it over to one of the ladies to cook it for you in the way which you prefer.

Drink
Islam is the official religion of the country, and alcohol has been banned since sharia was imposed in the 1980s. Sudanese people frequently drink tea, usually sweet and black. Sudan also has some refreshing drinks such as karkade (hibiscus) which can be served hot or chilled, aradeeb (tamarind) and gongleiz (made with the baobab fruit). The local energy drink is a carbohydrate-laden drink known as madeeda. There are several types of madeeda, made with dates, dukhun (millet) or other ingredients blended with fresh milk, and usually heavily sweetened with sugar, though reduced-sugar versions may be available if you ask. Sudanese coffee is available in most souks and is similar to Turkish style coffee; thick and strong, sometimes flavoured with cardamom or ginger with a powerful kick and altogether delicious. Not to be taken before bed though if you want an undisturbed night's sleep!

However, while alcohol is strictly illegal in the Muslim north, locally-brewed alcohol is widely available in various forms and at various degrees of potency. A local beer (merissa) brewed from sorghum or millet is cloudy, sour and heavy and likely to be brewed with untreated water and will almost certainly lead to the 'Mahdi's revenge' (the Sudanese version of 'Delhi belly'). Aragi is a pure spirit distilled from sorghum or in its purest form, dates. It is potent and should be treated with respect, and beware that it is sometimes contaminated with the likes of methanol or embalming fluid to add flavour and potency! Be aware though that all these brews are not only potentially hazardous for your health but illegal, and being caught in possession can result in the full implementation of Islamic law punishments.

The general advice is not to drink tap water; in most rural areas, you will not be able to, as there are no taps. Where there are no bore holes (which often yield water that is fine to drink), water is often taken directly from the Nile.

Larger towns and cities
Most larger towns and cities have affordable hotels, although not as cheap as you might imagine. Quality is generally consistent within the price range.

Basic hotels provide a bed and a fan with shared bathroom/toilet facilities. There may be more than one bed in the room but you are usually expected to pay for the whole room. The bigger the group of travellers, the more economical these rooms are, as more beds are often put in a room (within reason) to accommodate everybody without the price being changed. Some hotels have cheaper beds outside in the open as in smaller towns and cities. These hotels are not very clean but are cheap and perfectly acceptable for short stays.

Lower mid-range hotels - more likely to be found in Khartoum - offer the worst value for money. They may have en suite bathrooms, (mostly evaporative) air conditioning and satellite television, but for what you're paying (two or three times that of basic hotels depending on your bargaining skills) the rooms are extremely tatty and hotel owners will almost always subscribe to the philosophy of: 'Only fix something if the guest complains'. There will sometimes be rooms minus the bathroom/air conditioning/television for prices a little above those in basic hotels.

Upper mid-range hotels are the next step up, with spotless rooms of a far higher quality but prices (usually quoted in dollars) closer to what you'd expect in the West. You'll have little to find fault with, though.

Top-end hotels are commonly of the five star variety, and include the Hilton. The few are found mostly in Khartoum. They are much more expensive than the upper mid-range hotels.

Outside larger towns and cities
Outside larger towns and cities hotels don't normally go above basic. That means bedframes with either simply a string mesh or with thin mattresses; that is not to say they are uncomfortable. They are offered (generally in fours or fives) in rooms where there is often a ceiling fan to keep things cool. The beds are usually cheaper - and more fun to sleep in - out in the courtyard under the stars, although there is obviously less privacy and security. As with the basic hotels in larger towns and cities, it is more often than not impossible to rent one bed in a room as you might in a dormitory. Hotel owners insist that you rent the whole room. Rooms become unavailable quickly at certain times (weekends, for example). Showers may be bucket showers, with water straight out of the Nile if your route follows that river.

Camping in the wild is easy in rural areas outside the south as long as the usual precautions are taken.

Stay safe
Safety in Sudan has many dimensions. On one hand, theft is almost unheard of, you'll never be robbed in the street and people will go to great length to ensure your well-being. On the other hand, Sudan has a long history of conflict, the government is not particularly open or accountable, and under the surface corruption is rife.

Sudan is an Islamic country and consumption of alcohol is illegal. Extra-marital relations, including having guest in a hotel room, is illegal, with severe penalties.

Armed conflict
Sudan was at 40-year civil war between the Khartoum based central government and non-Muslim separatist groups from the South, at the time when South Sudan was still part of Sudan. Relations between the two countries after the independence of South Sudan remain fluid and somewhat tense or complicated

The well-publicized conflict in Darfur is still taking place, making travelling to the western parts of Sudan totally inadvisable.

Corruption
Sudan is one of the most corrupt countries in the world. Bribery, cronyism, and nepotism are endemic, affecting all aspects of public life in the country. The police earn very little and often extort people for bribes to make ends meet.

If you are the victim of a crime, do not expect the Sudanese police to provide you with reliable assistance; their only job is to deprive you of your money, waste your time, and misbehave with you. People have even been arrested for lodging complaints against the police, so refrain from lodging complaints against deviant police officers.

Transportation
Sudan is one of four countries worldwide that do not comply with international flight safety protocol. The fleet of the state-owned Sudan Airways is mainly composed of 1950s-era Soviet aircraft. Some planes have no navigation, lighting, or are missing critical pieces of landing gear. Sudan is a very dangerous country for internal air travel.

Entering Sudan via personal car is also challenging. Sudan has a highly militarized border with its neighbor Egypt and Westerners run into problems at the border if they wish to cross.

Bus travel is also not without its issues. Some buses are better than others - some are excellent, with icy-cold AC and complementary drinks, others may be less salubrious, e.g. sitting in a hot bus (did we mention no A/C?) with jabbering Egyptian tourists for nearly an entire day.

Personal safety
There is almost no likelihood of being physically attacked (mugged) for your possessions, but keep an eye on your things in public places, e.g. street cafes. Sometimes thieves operate in pairs: one distracts you while the other makes off with your stuff. There have been cases of pickpocketing in Sudan as well

Women travelers
While solo women will raise a few eyebrows, travel may be relatively safe (in areas unaffected by civil war) if they dress and act appropriately for an Islamic country. Traditionally, women in Sudan wear loose flowing robes due to restrictive laws against wearing trousers and short or tight skirts; thousands of women are arrested and flogged for indecency every year, and laws can be applied arbitrarily.

In general, it is best for women to travel in groups, and even better, with men.

Police and army
You will see armed policemen and military personnel everywhere but you will not have any problems with them unless you have infringed some rule, e.g., taking photographs or filming in prohibited areas. Sudanese police are sometimes known to target travelers for bribes.

Photography
Sudan has very strict rules about taking pictures. As this is a Muslim-majority country, people place a huge emphasis on personal privacy.

To take pictures in Sudan, you must have a permit from the government.

Photographing or filming military personnel or installations is a quick way to get into trouble.

LGBT travellers
Sudan is not a safe destination for gay and lesbian travellers; in the 2019 Arab Barometer Survey, only 17% of Sudanese people said that homosexuality was socially acceptable.

Open display of LGBT behaviour may result in open contempt and/or violence.

Stay healthy
Sudan is a malarial region, so be especially cautious during the rainy season. Poisonous snakes, spiders and scorpions are common in the southern areas.

Be cautious when drinking water. Make sure you choose bottled water, or use purifying tablets. Also, avoid any fruit drinks, as they are obviously made with the local water. And remember, that any ice cubes (for example, in sodas) are only frozen local water.

On long trips (particularly during the hot season) on public transport it is often impossible - or would be expensive - to carry the amount of bottled water you need, and it may be scarce at certain remote stops. Therefore, keep plenty of your chosen means of purification close at hand (not in your luggage strapped to the roof!). Sanitation in some areas is nonexistent, so wash your hands frequently.

Food from streetside vendors is generally fine if it is being prepared and served frequently. Empty restaurants and street cafes often indicate that food is standing uncovered and unrefrigerated for hours at a time.

Sudanese currency is notoriously dirty, and even the Sudanese handle small bills as little as possible. A hint would be to carry antibacterial wipes or gel in your luggage to treat your hands after handling filthy currency notes or shaking too many unwashed hands.

Sudan reported Ebola outbreaks in 2004 and it is not advised to take local hospital treatments unless there is a real urgency. If you have malaria-like symptoms, seek medical assistance when possible, medical treatment is also available in many private clinics with high standards and reasonable prices. Here are some of these private clinics: (Doctors clinic, Africa St, Fidail medical center, Hospital road Downtown, Yastabshiron medical center, Riyadh area, Modern medical center, Africa St, International Hospital, Khartoum north-Alazhary St)

Schistosomiasis/Bilharzia - Avoid bathing or walking through slow-flowing fresh waterways. If you have been in contact with such water or develop an itchy rash or fevers after your return, seek medical attention. Doctors in the West may only think to test you for malaria - you may need to see a tropical medicine specialist.

Respect
In general, the Sudanese are hospitable, sociable people. They consider it shameful to give someone a poor welcome, so you can expect to be treated with immense respect as a tourist.

Basic etiquette
Always use your right hand when shaking hands, bringing something to someone, and so on. The left hand is considered unclean in Sudan. It would be considered impolite to use your left hand to offer something to someone.

The Sudanese are not known for being punctual, which can be very surprising to visitors from countries where punctuality is highly valued. Lateness does not imply rudeness or a lack of interest; people have a casual approach to time.

It's common for the Sudanese to turn up to a place unannounced. When this happens, stop what you are doing and attend to your guests.

The Sudanese take relationships very seriously and they view them as long-term commitments. The following tips will come in handy:
 * If you've been invited to a Sudanese home, you will often be showered with tea, coffee, and snacks. Refusing any of these would seriously offend the Sudanese and it could get them to think that you do not appreciate them or their hospitality.
 * Social visiting and hosting have a lot of importance in Sudanese society. Not visiting someone for a long time and/or not talking to someone for a long time could get someone to think that you do not value the relationship you have with them.
 * Sincerity and genuineness are highly valued in Sudan. Don't say something if you don't mean it. Don't say "next time" if there isn't going to be a "next time".
 * Generosity is highly valued in Sudan. Offering someone a ride, helping them out with something, and the like will be greatly appreciated by the locals.
 * Always return favours. If a Sudanese person asks you for your help, you are expected to follow through with it.

Religious sensitivities
Sudan is a Muslim-majority country. From 1973 to 2021, Sudan was governed by a form of Sharia law. The new government has been making an attempt to liberalise Sudanese society by separating religion and the state.

During Ramadan, you should refrain from eating, drinking, smoking, and chewing in public. Not doing so would be seen as tactless and extremely disrespectful.

Do not under any circumstances show images, statues, or figures of the prophet Muhammad. In 2007, a British schoolteacher was arrested for allowing her class to name a teddy bear "Muhammad" and approximately 10,000 protestors took to the streets in Khartoum and demanded her execution. Although the schoolteacher returned safely to her home country, other related controversies have led to violence.

Dogs are considered to be unclean in Sudan.

Local customs
To show the bottom of your foot is an insulting gesture, as is the touching of the thumb to the index finger while extending the rest of the fingers (the North American sign for "O-kay"). Although Sudan is a moderate Muslim culture, foreigners are still discouraged from speaking directly to local women unless spoken to, and even then it would be polite to ask permission from the man accompanying her before responding. Try to avoid physical contact with women if possible.

Conversation
During conversation, avoid asking direct questions about people's political opinions unless you know the person quite well and sense that they would be comfortable; repercussions could be serious for them. Tact is a necessity in a country that has suffered the trauma of more than 40 years of civil war, and refugees from affected areas are spread around the country, especially Khartoum.

Connect
Internet and telephone services remain unreliable and may be blocked or suspended at short notice (Apr 2022).

Telephone
Sudan's international direct dialling code is 249. Its international direct dialling access code is 00 although mobile phone users in Sudan will be able to dial overseas numbers by putting "+" in front of the country code.

Prepaid mobile phone packages are easily available in Sudan. The two telecommunications companies in Sudan are ZAIN  (Tel: +249 91 230000) and MTN (Tel: +249 92-1111111). Zain has a cheaper prepaid package than Mtn. The customer service line for MTN, should you need to call them for any problems, can be difficult to get through.

Coverage maps

 * Mobitel (zain SD)
 * MTN Sudan
 * Sudani

title: Sudan


text:
Sudbury

There's more than one place called Sudbury:

Canada

 * Sudbury (Ontario) - a town in Northern Ontario

United Kingdom

 * Sudbury (Suffolk) - a town in Suffolk, England
 * Sudbury (London) - a suburb in the boroughs of Brent and Harrow, London, England
 * Sudbury (Derbyshire) - a town in Derbyshire, East Midlands, England

United States of America

 * Sudbury (Massachusetts) - a town in the MetroWest region of Massachusetts
 * Sudbury (Vermont) - a town in Vermont, New England

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Sudbury


text:
Sudbury (Ontario)

Sudbury (official name Greater Sudbury) is a city of approximately 166,000 people, in Northern Ontario, Canada. It is Northern Ontario's largest city in both area and population, and a major retail and service centre for the region.

Understand
Sudbury, officially "Greater Sudbury" (or Grand Sudbury in French), is an amalgamated city of smaller cities and towns spread over a large region. By land area, Sudbury is the largest city in Ontario and the fifth largest in Canada. The name Sudbury can refer to both the greater area encompassing urban communities, rural countryside and wilderness as well as the former city which includes the City's downtown. More than half of the region's population lives in the former city; the remaining residents call smaller communities home. The city is now the economic and service hub for the eastern half of Northern Ontario.

International visitors to Sudbury will feel right at home with vibrant Italian, Finnish, Ukrainian, French, Polish and Aboriginal communities. You can expect to hear many of these languages spoken regularly, though almost all residents speak English as well, and all city services are available in French and English. Road signs and street names are also posted in both official languages. The city celebrates its multicultural heritage on the, a downtown structure featuring the flags of every nation represented among the city's population.

History
The rough landscape was long considered inhospitable. For thousands of years, this was the territory of the Atikameksheng Anishnawbek (descendants of the Ojibway, Algonquin and Odawa Nations). Unlike the Ojibway territory further south, shorter growing seasons north of the great lakes forced families to adapt to the resources available in each season, fishing the many lakes and rivers in the summer months, and hunting deer and moose through the winter. The wigwam was the typical dwelling used in this area, and constructed using birch bark which made the structures lightweight and easy to disassemble and relocate as necessary.

Many early settlers in the area were of French descent, and the Jesuits founded Sainte-Anne-des Pins in 1883 to serve missionaries travelling further west and new communities along the transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railway corridor under construction at the time. The church was influential as Francophone immigrants arrived to the area in the following years, and Sudbury remains an important city for Franco-Ontarian culture.

Few people likely expected the area to change drastically once construction of the railway was complete; crews would move their camps to the next site, and leave the communities to grow at the same pace as other railway towns on the Canadian Shield, perhaps taking advantage of the new railway to serve the timber industry. However, blasting during railway construction revealed significant concentrations of ore. The first mine,, extracted nickel and copper starting in 1889. The town was established in 1894 and named after Sudbury, Suffolk, England. By the 1900s, mining dominated the region's economy, and the town grew according to the boom-and-bust demand for nickel.

Most ore resources are found around the rim of the "Sudbury Basin"(locally, "The Valley"). It wasn't until the 1970's that geologists confirmed these uniquely rich mineral resources are the result of a meteorite impact 1.8 billion years ago. The Valley is actually the world's third largest impact crater; more recent evidence suggests that it may have been created by an asteroid or comet up to wide.

Sudbury was known as "the Nickel capital of the world" for most of the twentieth century, but the economy began to diversify starting in the 1980s. The majority of residents are now employed in the service sectors, by local universities, or the local and provincial governments. The city has a somewhat outdated reputation as an environmental wasteland, due to lasting environmental damage from the mining industry, but various reclamation projects since the 1970s have given many parts of the city a rugged natural beauty that capitalizes on the region's many lakes, forests and rocky hills.

Climate
Sudbury's weather is typical of locations on the Canadian Shield, with hot summers and cold winters. The city is particularly renowned for its outdoor recreation opportunities, with both summer and winter activities being quite popular.

Airlines
Three airlines provide scheduled service to Sudbury. Flying into Sudbury from any destination outside Northern Ontario will likely require a connection through Toronto.

By train

 * VIA Rail operates the following two routes that stop in or near Sudbury:
 * The Canadian between Toronto and Vancouver with stops in both directions in medium to large cities and tourist destinations such as Sudbury, Winnipeg, Portage la Prairie, Saskatoon, Edmonton, Jasper, and Kamloops.
 * Between Sudbury and White River
 * Between Sudbury and White River
 * Between Sudbury and White River

By car
Sudbury is served by three major provincial highways.

 * Ontario 17.svg Highway 17 (Trans-Canada Highway) leads west to Sault Ste. Marie, Thunder Bay and western Canada, and east to North Bay, Ottawa and the province of Quebec. A 20-km stretch of Highway 17 within the city boundaries is freeway, but Sudbury has no freeway connections to other communities.
 * Ontario 69.svg Highway 69 leads south to Parry Sound, where it becomes the Highway 400 freeway to Toronto. (Highway 69 is very slowly being upgraded to freeway standards, with upgraded sections added to Highway 400 as they are completed) A branch of the Trans-Canada Highway follows this route, traveling between Sudbury and Kanata on Highway 69 and 400, then Highway 12, then Highway 7, then Highway 417.
 * Ontario 144.svg Highway 144 leads north to Timmins.

Some quiet roads are in poor shape, however much effort has been put into repairing them.

By bus

 * Routes operating to buses to Sudbury:
 * Between Toronto and Sudbury including stops in Barrie, Orillia (some trips), and Parry Sound. Travel time to Sudbury from Toronto is 5.25-6.75 hours, from Barrie is 3.5-5.25 hours, from Parry Sound is 2-2.5 hours.
 * Between Hearst and Sudbury including stops in Kapuskasing, Cochrane and Timmins. Travel time to Sudbury from Hearst is 9 hours, from Kapuskasing is 7.75 hours, from Cochrane is 6.25 hours, and from Timmins is 4.5 hours. Trips on some days travel only between Timmins and Sudbury.
 * Between Ottawa and Sudbury including stops in Kanata, Arnprior, Renfrew, Pembroke, Petawawa, Mattawa, and North Bay. Travel time to Sudbury from Ottawa is 7 hours, from Arnprior is 6 hours, from Pembroke is 4.75 hours, and from Petawawa is 4 hours, from North Bay is 1.5 hours,
 * Between Sault Sainte Marie and Sudbury including stops in Blind River, Elliot Lake, and Espanola.  Travel time to Sudbury from Sault Sainte Marie is 4.75 hours, from Elliot Lake is 2 hours, and from Espanola is 1.25 hours. Travelers can travel to Sudbury from Winnipeg, Manitoba riding routes with transfer in Thunder Bay and Sault Saint Marie.

By public transit
You can take the bus from one end of town to the other (about 60 km) for $2.80. Multi-ride passes are also available, in addition to unlimited 31-day passes.

See

 * The grounds of Science North are also home to the William Ramsey, a boat which offers cruise tours of the beautiful Lake Ramsey, which was once the world's largest lake contained entirely within the boundaries of a single city. (It lost this status in 2001, when the newly merged city of Greater Sudbury enclosed a larger lake.)
 * Pioneer heritage museums in the city show how Northern Ontario's earliest settlers lived. These include the Flour Mill Heritage Museum, the Copper Cliff Museum, the Anderson Farm Museum, and the Capreol Heritage Centre/Prescott Park.
 * Pioneer heritage museums in the city show how Northern Ontario's earliest settlers lived. These include the Flour Mill Heritage Museum, the Copper Cliff Museum, the Anderson Farm Museum, and the Capreol Heritage Centre/Prescott Park.
 * Pioneer heritage museums in the city show how Northern Ontario's earliest settlers lived. These include the Flour Mill Heritage Museum, the Copper Cliff Museum, the Anderson Farm Museum, and the Capreol Heritage Centre/Prescott Park.
 * Pioneer heritage museums in the city show how Northern Ontario's earliest settlers lived. These include the Flour Mill Heritage Museum, the Copper Cliff Museum, the Anderson Farm Museum, and the Capreol Heritage Centre/Prescott Park.
 * Pioneer heritage museums in the city show how Northern Ontario's earliest settlers lived. These include the Flour Mill Heritage Museum, the Copper Cliff Museum, the Anderson Farm Museum, and the Capreol Heritage Centre/Prescott Park.

Ecotourism
Sudbury is a ruggedly beautiful city, with many forests, lakes and rocky hills throughout the area.

Do
Fun in the Sun: Sudbury is a city of lakes, in fact holding over 300 lakes within its borders, including Lake Wanapitei, the largest city-contained lake in the world, and Lake Ramsey, the central lake within the city. No matter where in town you happen to be, it's never more than a short walk to a beach. The City of Greater Sudbury has five supervised beaches with professional lifeguards during the summer, but there are uncountable smaller beaches with nothing but sand and water.

Watersports: Fishing is a popular activity in the summer. Species of trout, splake, pike, pickerel, muskie and bass can be found in most of Sudbury's lakes. Be sure to inquire about seasons and licenses before heading out on the water. Some lakes (especially the urban lakes) have strict guidelines for operating watercraft. Be sure to ask about them before launching a boat.

Snowmobiling: Sudbury has one of the largest systems of groomed trails in the world. The Sudbury Trail Plan connects to the trail systems of other communities, creating a network of 1300 km of trails. Contact the Sudbury Trail Plan Association for more information, as they are considered the authority on trail closures, maintenance, and the monitoring of lake ice.

Hiking: The Trans-Canada Trail runs through Sudbury. The trail twists along the shores of Junction Creek through much of the city. Put on some good shoes and stroll through Sudbury's "urban wilderness".

Enjoy the View: Huge rocky hills cut through Sudbury, dividing the city into its boroughs. These hills remain largely undeveloped to this day. One can hike to the top of these "mountains" and enjoy a panoramic view of the city. Geology buffs can scour the black bedrock for shatter cones: the remnants of a meteorite impact millions of years ago which created the Sudbury Basin.

Golfing: Greater Sudbury offers a wide selection of 9- and 18-hole golf courses including Blackstone Golf Course +1-800-440-2887, Buck Ridge Golf Course +1 705-853-2825, Lively Golf and Country Club +1 705-692-5502, Pine Grove Golf Course +1 705-560-1090, Timberwolf Golf Club +1-877-689-8853 and Twin Stacks Golf Course +1 705-694-2131.

Winter Sports: Winters are very long in Sudbury, but they certainly aren't boring. Be sure to try some of the following winter activities:
 * Skiing: There are two downhill skiing facilities in Sudbury; the Adanac Ski Hill and Lively Ski Hill. Ski rentals are available at both locations. If cross-country is more your style, the 23 km Naughton Ski Trails run through a quiet forest. The tracks are groomed regularly and the trail is illuminated at night. Call the Walden Ski Club for passes. There are numerous other groomed ski trails in and around town as well.
 * Ice Fishing: Fishing is not limited to the summer. All you need is a hook, some fishing line and an ice auger to enjoy this popular winter pastime. There is usually enough ice on Sudbury lakes to support a truck, so don't worry about falling through the ice! Be sure to enquire about licenses before heading out. Local bait shops can issue temporary fishing permits. Ice fishing huts must be off of the ice by March 1st.
 * Skating: Science North has cleared and polished an ice skating surface from their grounds to the Bell Park beach area (about 1.5 km). Use of this ice surface is free of charge. There are numerous hockey rinks and skating ovals in and around town, so grab your hockey sticks and try to join a game!
 * Also, have fun at the local rink at Carol Richard Park, in Val Caron! Join up with other locals to play some good, old-fashioned rink hockey, or if no one is playing, feel free to skate around. There is a small kids rink outside of the boards of the main rink, meant for toddlers and pre-teens (or for those inexperienced at skating, or who may not want to play hockey on the larger rink), and there is also a playground area, too. As well, there is a shack to get changed (and warm up), and it is surrounded by the beautiful wilderness, of snow-covered trees and a nice neighbourhood

 * Sliding: Sudbury's rocky terrain is excellent for sliding. If you have small children, this is a great activity that the whole family can enjoy. Hills range from small hills to near-suicidal mountains complete with jumps. Sliding areas are not well advertised, so the best way to find them is to befriend a local, or look for a place on the side of the highway where cars are parked for no apparent reason. Another great place to go sliding is Queen's Athletic Field in downtown Sudbury. It has a large oval skating surface, and a medium-sized sliding hill, appropriate for both younger and older kids. There's also a nice warm hut for putting skates on.
 * Hockey: Sudbury Wolves-A member of the Ontario Hockey League (OHL), a junior league that supplies players for the NHL and minor league teams. The Wolves play at the downtown arena during the months of October to April.

Other things to do:

Learn
Sudbury is home to three major postsecondary institutions.

 *  Laurentian University is a bilingual university which offers primarily undergraduate programs, although some graduate degrees are available as well. The  Northern Ontario School of Medicine, shared between Laurentian and Thunder Bay's Lakehead University, opened in September 2005.
 *  Cambrian College is an English college of applied arts and technology.
 *  Collège Boréal is a French college of applied arts and technology with several satellite campuses in other Ontario communities.

Buy
Sudbury is Northern Ontario's major retail centre. Shopping areas include the Rainbow Value Centre, the Rio-Can Power Centre on the Kingsway, the New Sudbury Centre at the corner of Barrydowne and Lasalle +1 705-566-9080 and the Southridge Mall at Regent and Paris Streets. There are also many "big box" stores on Notre Dame between downtown Sudbury and the North End.

Drink
Every neighbourhood has at least one watering hole. You could literally spend your whole vacation hopping from one tavern to the next.

Go next

 * Killarney — south west of Sudbury, the town serves visitors to the backcountry of Killarney Provincial Park or wilderness lodges throughout this part of Ontario's near north.
 * French River — located amongst the French and Pickerel River systems south of Sudbury, providing opportunities camping, cottaging, canoeing, kayaking and fishing in a historic waterway.
 * North Bay — east of Sudbury, North Bay serves as the "Gateway to the North", hosting small galleries, museums, and festivals in addition to year-round activities on the trails and hills around Lake Nipissing.
 * Timmins — the next destination for anyone heading due north, nearly from Sudbury. Timmins is another mining region, with an interesting history surrounded by the Northern Ontario wilderness.
 * White River — Via Rail operates the Lake Superior train from Downtown Sudbury to White River. The train runs through isolated and pristine wilderness in Northern Ontario. You can request a special stop and get out in the middle of nowhere for your hunting and camping pleasure. Just catch the train on its way back to return. The fare is $55 one way for an adult, and the train departs 3 times weekly. Contact Via Rail for details.

title: Sudbury (Ontario)


text:
Sudbury (Suffolk)

Sudbury is an historic market town of 24,000 people (2021) in Suffolk in the region of East Anglia in England. It is home to the Gainsborough's House museum, celebrating the work of the artist, Thomas Gainsborough.

Understand
The town dates back to Anglo-Saxon times with the town market becoming established by the early 11th century. Through the late middle ages the town developed silk and weaving industries and the prosperity resulted in many buildings and churches. Gainsborough Silks started in 1798 is still thriving in the town today.

The town is particularly proud of a former resident Thomas Gainsborough, who was born in the town and who was inspired by the local countryside. Today there is a statue of him in the Market Place

By road
By road, Sudbury is served by the A134 from Colchester and Bury St Edmunds, and by the A131 which runs from near Little Waltham, north of Chelmsford.

By bus

 * Chambers Buses services X73 & 753 run Bury St Edmunds to Sudbury
 * Chambers Buses services 754 & 84 run between the town and Colchester.
 * Beestons Buses service 91/91C runs between the town and Ipswich,
 * Beestons Buses service 236 runs between the town and Haverhill.

Suffolk On Board publish full details of all rural bus services around the town.

By bicycle
The town is on National Cycle Route 13 (London to Fakenham), running through Colchester to the S and through Lavenham & Bury St Edmunds to the N. Regional Cycle Routes connect the town with other local towns, including Ipswich, Stoke by Nayland & Alton Water to the E.

Get around
Due to Sudbury's small and compact nature, it is no problem at all to cover the town from edge to edge on foot. However, the Tesco store and commercial park are off the Sudbury bypass, a fair walk from the town centre and best reached by car.

See
The idyllic water meadows around the river Stour can be found just outside of the town centre. There are many paths and perfect picnic settings to take advantage of on summer evenings.

Buried beneath the locally famous Mill Hotel there is a mummified cat which can be viewed upon request.

There is a small infogram located by St Peter's Church in the town centre marking the fact that Sudbury was mentioned in the novel 101 Dalmatians, and is well worth a look for fans of English literature.

Do
Despite the lack of many common amenities such as a cinema or shopping centre, there is still much to enjoy in the small market town.

Belle Vue park has a variety of activities that can be enjoyed by those of all ages. Facilities include a miniature golf course, a children's adventure trail, a playpark, rollerskating park, tennis courts, animal enclosures and a large picnic area.

Many pubs can be found in the area including those which specialise in locally brewed ales.

There are a wide range of paths and cycle routes in the area for the more adventurous visitors and maps can be purchased from the tourist information centre.

Buy
The town centre took a turn for the worse in the early 2010s, with many shops being forced to close due to the economic climate.

There are still some modest outlets for local goods but most shops tend to be part of major chains.

The main shops in the town are a pair of W.H.Smith's, an Iceland, a discount shop called Thing Me Bobs and a 99p store which forced a pound shop across the road out of business.

Eat
In addition to the chain restaurants in the town such as Prezzo, Ask, Café Nero and Wetherspoon's, there are some independent eateries.

For a delicious and well-priced lunch (or even afternoon snack), Niche in Gainsborough Street offer a great selection of freshly prepared hot and cold sandwiches in addition to a great drinks menu.

There are two local pizza restaurants in the town centre which provide a fantastic alternative to the vastly overpriced Domino's takeaway.

Also within the town centre there are a multitude of Chinese and Indian takeaways and restaurants as well as kebab shops for late night munchies. Northern Bites on North Street is particularly recommended.

Further out of town there is also a McDonald's and a KFC, although these are best avoided, especially at night time as these areas attract an unpleasant crowd of youths.

Drink
The two main bars in Sudbury are both chain pubs. However, there are many other pubs that offer a better atmosphere and a friendlier crowd at a slightly increased price.

There are several small breweries in the area and sampling the delicious local beers is a must for any ale enthusiast.

Sleep
Sudbury is host to a wide range of hotels, bed and breakfasts, inns and even a caravan park!

As the town is a quiet area, there shouldn't be much problem finding somewhere to stay for the night.

Connect
Sudbury and its approach roads have 4G from all UK carriers. As of Sept 2022, 5G has not reached this area.

Go next

 * Long Melford
 * Lavenham
 * Colchester
 * Braintree
 * Bury St Edmunds
 * Stowmarket
 * Witham
 * Ipswich
 * Hadleigh
 * Maldon

title: Sudbury (Suffolk)


text:
Sudetes

The Sudetes or Sudetes Mountains (in Polish and Czech Sudety, which is a plural proper noun) is a mountain range in Poland and the Czech Republic. In Czech, the word "Sudety" or its English equivalent refers to a much broader region Sudetenland, which includes basically all area in Bohemia near the border with Germany and Austria. If referring this region to a Czech person, it is probably better to use term Sudetes Subprovice (Krkonošsko-jesenická subprovincie) or not referring to this region at all and use the names of mountains that is consists of.

Regions
From west to the east:
 * (pl: Góry Izerskie, cz: Jizerské hory)
 * (pl: Karkonosze, cz: Krkonoše)
 * (pl: Góry Kamienne)
 * (pl: Góry Sowie)
 * (pl: Góry Złote)
 * (pl: Góry Stołowe)
 * (pl: Masyw Śnieżnika)
 * (pl: Góry Opawskie)

Towns
Poland:

From west to the east:

Czech Republic:

title: Sudetes


text:
Suez

There's more than one location or topic called Suez:

 * The Suez Route, which includes the Suez Canal
 * Port Suez, a city in Egypt

title: Suez


text:
Sufetula

Sufetula (or Sbeitla) is a fairly well preserved Roman town in the mid west of Tunisia.

Get in
The best way to read Sufetula is to take a louage --a shared taxi-- from Kairouan or Kasserine. Louages seem to run more frequently in the morning, so plan to start early. Alternatively, it is possible to drive there independently. From Kairouan take the road towards the South West - you will need a road map. In Sbeitla, the Roman town is well signposted; take the right after the bridge beside the petrol station.

See
The Byzantine House ruins. By climbing up the walls you can see how much they fortified their homes against the Arab invaders, towards the end of their dominance here. There are several with up to 4 feet thick of additional stonework around the original house giving an idea of the terror that had gripped this outpost of the old Empire.

The Forum, which gives a great feeling for the hub of the original city. This has a wonderful entrance arch still standing and three large temples at the far end. The spaces for the traders on the outer walls is clearly visible.

The church ruins show how much Christianity had come to fill their lives with several build around the outskirts of the forum.

Do
Walk around the remains of Sbeitla, the roman town. Quite extensive ruins which did appear rather heavily restored in places. Watch out for local pickpockets who casually approach you as you walk around.

Drink
Do bring water with you as it is hot at any time of year. There is also a good café adjoining the Museum with excellent coffee and Mint Tea.

title: Sufetula


text:
Suffolk (England)

Suffolk is a picturesque county in England within East Anglia. Suffolk encompasses one of the most ancient parts of England and has maintained its largely agricultural roots. Consequently it is proving a growing favourite with tourists who want to experience incredible beaches, traditional country living, and pastoral beauty all in the same place. Suffolk's biggest appeal is its untouched essence. Ignored by many tourists, it is perfect for those adventurous enough to get off the beaten track and explore the county.

Towns

 * the county town has a rich heritage.
 * has a long pebble beach, fresh seafood, and several curious landmarks.
 * – a market town on the River Waveney.
 * – a market town on the River Waveney.
 * – a medieval market town known for its medieval ruins made up of a monastery destroyed by Henry VIII. It also is home to the awe-inspiring 16th-century Cathedral of St.Edmundsbury, a well-preserved cathedral worthy of study. The market still runs today and sells local produce from the fens in keeping with the county's authentic traditionalism.
 * – known as the 'Garden Resort of the East Coast' due to its exquisite seafront garden areas. The gardens are in many respects, a national treasure and they are recognised on the English Heritage Register.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – known as the 'Garden Resort of the East Coast' due to its exquisite seafront garden areas. The gardens are in many respects, a national treasure and they are recognised on the English Heritage Register.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.
 * – is a world unto itself. This ancient market town, has remained faithful to its regal roots, as the town that Charles II once set up home upon. Building his royal palace here, he established the first horse racecourse in Britain, a tradition that has remained in Newmarket today. Now devoted entirely to horse-racing, the area has two racecourses, the July Course and the Rowley Mile- named after Charles II favourite horse 'Old Rowley'.

Villages

 * – perhaps the most picturesque of all the villages. Suffolk as a whole is known for its beautiful village houses of pink walls and black thatch, and Lavenham is the epitome of this. Especially popular with painters, Lavenham has over 200 listed buildings, most of them authentic medieval buildings, whilst being home to one of Britain's World War II airfields. Now deserted with the natural landscape typical of Suffolk, it remains a thought-provoking and beautiful sight.
 * – is home to Orford Castle, a well-preserved medieval fortress built in the 12th century.
 * – perhaps the most picturesque of all the villages. Suffolk as a whole is known for its beautiful village houses of pink walls and black thatch, and Lavenham is the epitome of this. Especially popular with painters, Lavenham has over 200 listed buildings, most of them authentic medieval buildings, whilst being home to one of Britain's World War II airfields. Now deserted with the natural landscape typical of Suffolk, it remains a thought-provoking and beautiful sight.
 * – is home to Orford Castle, a well-preserved medieval fortress built in the 12th century.
 * – is home to Orford Castle, a well-preserved medieval fortress built in the 12th century.

Other destinations

 * is a offshore sea fort, which a dingbat proprietor claimed to be an independent micronation.

Understand
One of the largest counties in the country, it shares its borders with Norfolk to the north, Essex to the south, Cambridgeshire to the west and the North Sea to the east.

Full of unspoilt countryside and exquisite beaches, Suffolk is home to a variety of small towns and villages. The county town is Ipswich, one of England's oldest towns as testament to Suffolk's antiquity. This rural county has about 757,000 residents (2016). Despite having ample shops and services, it remains the perfect antidote to urban life. Moreover its geographical positioning means it is able to offer visitors a seaside trip at beautiful beaches, a rural retreat to the Norfolk Broads, and a historical haven in the Victorian town of Felixstowe. The coastal area that includes Lowestoft and Southwold is known at the Sunrise Coast.

Whilst Suffolk is by no means densely populated, it enjoys a strong community feel due to its small pockets of close-knit villages and hamlets in the county. In such an environment, meeting people and indulging in the company of others is certainly a fixture despite the lack of bars and clubs outside of Ipswich. Moreover, the busy market towns and the fashionable beaches often draw large crowds, particularly on festival/racing days of which there are many.

Visitor information

 * Visit Suffolk website

Get in
Suffolk has many transport available to those visiting the county. Situated just two hours from London, Suffolk is accessible by car, bus and train.

By car
As a large county, Suffolk is accessible from many directions and despite its idyllic isolation, is well connected to the UK motorway system. If you are coming from the North of England or the Midlands the A14 runs from the M6/M1 junction crossing the A1 near Huntingdon, then running near to Cambridge, Newmarket, Bury St Edmunds, and Ipswich before ending at the port of Felixstowe. Just east of Newmarket the A11 heads north past Thetford to Norwich.

If you are entering the county from London, there are a number of main motorways that can be used. The A12 runs through Essex to Ipswich and Lowestoft whilst the M11 coming off the M25 runs close to the West of Suffolk through Cambridgeshire.

By rail
Formerly run by One Railways, most services in the Suffolk area are operated by Greater Anglia. Trains from London to Ipswich, Bury St Edmunds or Felixstowe run between every 15 minutes to every hour, and are normally around an hour and a half. Prices vary depending on age, time of year, and operator, and usually include a sharp spike in price if tickets are bought on the day of travel.

By bus
Most bus routes will be to and from London, and most of the major towns and points of interest are serviced. There are occasional direct routes from Birmingham and Northern major cities. Prices vary between operators and time of year.

By air
Suffolk is served by the London airports, in particular, Stansted. is close to the M11 and is served by rail from London (Liverpool Street) and Cambridge, Peterborough and Ely. Stansted is the third largest London airport and has direct scheduled flights from Europe and other parts of the UK. There is also a regional airport,  in neighbouring county Norfolk.

By boat
As a coastal county, Suffolk has its own port at Felixstowe. Whilst it has not operated commercially for some time, nearby ports at Harwich, Essex are, and it is still possible to travel by boat from the port to Europe. Stenaline runs regular services from the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.

By bicycle

 * National Cycle Route (NCR) 1 to the N runs from Norwich and beyond (and on to the Shetland Islands), in Suffolk running through Beccles, Halesworth, Framlingham, Woodbridge and Ipswich then to the south to Colchester and beyond (finishing in Dover).
 * National Cycle Route (NCR) 13 to the north runs from Fakenham, Norfolk where it links to NCR 1, in Suffolk running via Bury St Edmunds, Sudbury and to the south to Colchester where it connects with NCR 1.
 * National Cycle Route (NCR) 51 to the west runs to Cambridge (and beyond to Oxfordshire), running across the county through Bury St Edmunds, Stowmarket, Ipswich, Felixstowe, Harwich and to the south on to Colchester where it connects to NCR1.

By foot
With some of the most beautiful natural scenes in the country, getting about on foot is a must. Getting muddy on some of the many designated footpaths, or taking a walk along the long coastline, such as at Southwold are popular favourites. Due to the large size of the county, getting to neighbouring towns on foot is virtually impossible. However, towns can be thoroughly explored by foot and most towns are pedestrian friendly. Moreover, larger towns such as Ipswich and ancient market town Newmarket, cater for pedestrians and shoppers.

By bus
Buses are operated by First Group Coach Services who run a regular service between towns. Prices vary depending on area and distance travelled, and late services are limited and are only for the large towns. Ipswich also offer a park and ride service to maintain the peacefulness of even its largest town.

By rail
There are many train routes running within Suffolk and to neighbouring counties, and most are operated by Greater Anglia, with tickets available from the operator or from National Rail. However, such services do not come cheap, with Suffolk train fares are one of the highest in the country- unusual considering the small population of the county and consequently lower demand.

By car
With the sheer breadth of the county, getting around by car is probably most convenient. Moreover with most towns connected by country lanes, and the rising price of fares, travelling by car is not only more convenient, but potentially cheaper.

See

The Sunrise Coast is the name given to the East Anglian Coast of North Suffolk. It includes within this title, beaches, the Norfolk Broads National Park and some of the market towns. Lowestoft is home to two of the award-winning beaches in the area, whilst trendy beach Southwold offers a more classical beach holiday.

For budding historians, there is nothing much more historical than Sutton Hoo, near Woodbridge. This national trust site served as a burial ground for Anglo-Saxon kings, and today there are various tours around the site.

Orford is home to Orford Castle, the former abode of Henry II. Explore the maze-like building itself, and compare to nearby Framlingham Castle.

Do
Despite Suffolk's relaxed environment, with its royal history and devotion to heart-warming countryside tradition it is a treasure trove of activity begging to be discovered.

Attending Newmarket on race day is an essential part of a trip to Suffolk. Take a 'flutter' and place a bet on some of the best horses racing in the country. The town is also a thriving shopping centre, with a wealth of eateries, shops and even overnight accommodation.

Suffolk is the festival hotspot of the country. Suffolk offers a number of cultural, traditional and family-oriented festivals. The most famous of these is Latitude festival, a popular music, arts and comedy festival held at Henham Park. Other festivals include Aldeburgh Festival- a festival of classical music set up by Benjamin Britten in the trendy/affluent area of Aldeburgh- and the two Southwold and Laversham Literature festivals.

For sports fans, going to see a match can be thrilling. Ipswich Town Football Club play at Portman Road Stadium. Competing in the Football League Championship Ipswich have a very respectable record of wins and are sure to get pulses racing. For cricket lovers, Suffolk County Cricket Club compete in the Minor Counties Championship, and also have a successful track record of three championship.

Visitors often take advantage of the beautiful River Ore boat trips- a favourite with the residents is the Orford quay to Richardson's Smokehouse trip, an excursion where patrons can sample freshly smoked fish and meat from a local family who have run the company for three generations.

In Felixstowe, the Spa Pavilion Theatre caters for spectators all year round, with a variety of shows from pantomime to ballet. At Felixstowe Ferry, travellers can take a trip across the estuary to Bawdsey, and find out about the place where radar began.

Eat
Suffolk has a very wide selection of restaurants, many well-known serving a range of cuisines. It is particularly noted for its gastropubs, establishments which often offer locally-sourced menus drawing on Suffolk's rich culinary heritage based on its farming and fishing.

Drink
If you are looking for a drink, check out one of Suffolk’s renowned traditional pubs. You will be spoilt for choice in Suffolk with these establishments, serving drinks the way all pubs should.

Southwold is home to Adnams brewery, a local brewer making beer and wine. This established and acclaimed brewer have attracted fame for their dedication to traditional brewing and high standards of drink. The products of the Adnams brewery rarely leaves the borders of Suffolk due to deterioration in taste, so find out how these drinks are made with the brewery guided tour in Southwold.

Stay safe
As a large county, areas vary in different ways in terms of safety. As with most commercial towns, Ipswich has been known to become rowdy on Friday on Saturdays, particularly around pub/nightclub closing time. Nonetheless, with frequent taxis available, visitors can feel secure provided they plan ahead. On the county's rural roads and lanes, stay safe against the elements; take extra care on frosty days, or days with poor visibility.

Go next
Norfolk to the north with beautiful rural areas and the Norfolk Broads.

London is just an hour and a half away from Ipswich by train if you crave the hustle and bustle of the Big Smoke. Trains normally run well into the evening so you can enjoy the capital at your own pace.

Sealand occupies an unusual position both geographically and politically and is well worth a visit. It claims to be a kingdom in its own right, and has its own currency and flag. This tiny 'island' is the coast's most enthralling secret.

title: Suffolk (England)


text:
Suffolk (disambiguation)

There's more than one place called Suffolk:

United Kingdom

 * Suffolk - A county in England.

United States of America

 * Suffolk (Mississippi) - A town in Franklin County in the state of Mississippi.
 * Suffolk (Montana) - A town in Fergus County in the state of Montana.
 * Suffolk (Virginia) - A city in Eastern Virginia
 * Suffolk County (Massachusetts) - A county in the state of Massachusetts mostly the city of Boston.
 * Suffolk County (New York) - A county in the state of New York.

title: Suffolk (disambiguation)


text:
Suffolk (Virginia)

Suffolk is a city in the Hampton Roads region of Virginia.

Get around
Suffolk is served by Suffolk Transit, A full price fare from someone who didn't buy a pass will be $1.50 (as of February 2024). If you want to track your bus then use ETA Spot. Bus service tends to arrive every hour or so.

title: Suffolk (Virginia)


text:
Suffolk County

There's more than one place called Suffolk County:

United States of America

 * Suffolk County (Massachusetts) - A county in the state of Massachusetts containing Boston.
 * Suffolk County (New York) - A county in the state of New York.
 * Suffolk (Virginia) - A consolidated city, much more commonly referred to as "Suffolk" then "Suffolk County".

title: Suffolk County


text:
Suffolk County (New York)

Suffolk County is on Long Island in New York state, USA.

Towns
Suffolk county consists of the following ten towns:

 * including Babylon village, Lindenhurst,  Copiague, Deer Park, Gilgo, and Wheatley Heights, and Wyandanch.
 * includes the villages of Belle Terre, Bellport, Lake Grove, Mastic Beach, Old Field, Patchogue, Poquott, Shoreham, Brookhaven hamlet, Centereach, Center Moriches, Coram, Fire Island Pines, Shirley, and Yaphank.
 * , Mount Sinai, Stony Brook
 * including the hamlets of Amagansett, Wainscott, Napeague, and Springs
 * and Sag Harbor
 * , Northport (New York)
 * , including the villages of Brightwaters, Islandia, Ocean Beach, Saltaire, and Sayville
 * , Northport (New York)
 * , including the villages of Brightwaters, Islandia, Ocean Beach, Saltaire, and Sayville

Understand
Both Nassau and Suffolk Counties are usually divided into the North Shore, which is on the Long Island Sound, and South Shore, which is on the Atlantic Ocean. In addition, in the extreme east of Suffolk County, there is a North Fork (ending in Orient Point) and a South Fork (ending in Montauk Point). There are several offshore islands, including Fire Island and Shelter Island, which are popular beach and summer home locations, respectively. The island together is about 120 miles in length and some 25 miles, depending on location, in width. Suffolk is vastly populated suburbs to the west and bordering Nassau County, near New York City. As one travels east in Suffolk county you encounter rural farm lands, nearer Riverhead, and traveling to Montauk Point. The eastern part of the county, especially the North Fork, is reminiscent of New England.

History
Suffolk County stands as one of the original counties of New York State. It is one of the twelve original counties created in 1683. Suffolk County was once referred to as "East Riding of Yorkshire". Its borders have moved very little since then. Suffolk County once bordered Queens County on the west, but that changed in 1899 when those portions of Queens became Nassau County.

By plane
 Long Island MacArthur Airport, Ronkonkoma, Town of Islip. Connections throughout the country. Breeze, Frontier, Southwest.

Shuttle service between MacArthur Airport and the Ronkonkoma train station: Colonial Transportation of Long Island (516-589-3500) offers shuttle service between MacArthur Airport and the Ronkonkoma train station (LIRR). Departs the train station daily at 5:30AM, then departs the airport on the hour and half-hour from 6AM until 10:30PM. Curbside pick up at the airport is directly in front of baggage claim. The shuttle will pick up and drop off at the North Platform of the Ronkonkoma train station. $5.00 per person.

By train
Suffolk County is served by the Long Island Rail Road.

By car
Long Island is easily accessible through the Long Island Expressway (I-495; it is commonly referred to as the LIE), Northern State Parkway, and Southern State Parkway (all of which run east to west). If you have an address you can essentially find it off of one of these roads.

By bus
Long Island Bus has a few routes connecting Suffolk County and its western neighbor Nassau County. Always check the schedules as the service may be infrequent.

By ferry
There are connections to Bridgeport in Connecticut from Port Jefferson.

There are also connections to New London in Connecticut from Orient Point.

Get around
Most people in Suffolk County get around by car. For short trips, there are generally taxis that wait for arriving trains at LIRR stations but may otherwise need to be called; don't expect to hail taxis on the streets. There is a network of Suffolk County buses, but they are often slow and in many cases run infrequently, so depending on the route and time of arrival and departure, it may be impractical to depend on them as part of a day trip. In order to access some islands off the shore of Long Island, such as Fire Island, a ferry may be convenient or even required.

Itineraries
The village of Babylon, located on the border of Nassau County is a wonderful place to go out. The town is relatively large and features an eclectic mix of bars, restaurants, and boutiques. The village offers many amenities for both day and night. The town is relatively quiet with just the right about of "hustle and bustle".

The town of Huntington on Main Street off of 25A has many restaurants, bars, ice cream shops, and movie theaters, including the indie Cinema Arts Centre. It is a haven for bored teens before 10PM, but afterwards the bar scene becomes alive and the 25 and older crowd takes over. The town of Northport to the northeast of Huntington (also off of 25A) is another nice option. The docks are often brimming with boats and the small quaint atmosphere makes for a nice evening walk. Try the sweet shop! There are also a couple of bars, but not as many as Huntington.

Do

 * Go to one of the beaches on Fire Island in warm weather.
 * See a performance at the Staller Center for the Arts at State University of New York at Stony Brook.
 * Visit the Atlantis Marine World Aquarium in Riverhead.
 * Take the plunge at Skydive Long Island in Riverhead or Long Island Sky Diving Center in East Moriches.
 * Visit the Vanderbilt Museum in Centerport.

Eat
Seafood is fresh from the fishing boats in Montauk. There are dozens of restaurants where you may eat lobster, striped ocean bass, fluke, bluefish, clams, squid and other fresh, local seafood. Gosman's is the best known; their lobsters are sometimes overcooked and watery but the view of the harbor and Long Island Sound from the "Top Deck" is among the most charming in the world. Among other excellent places: The West Lake Chowder House, Harvest, and the reliable old Shagwong, where Montaukers gather when the tourists leave and for World Cup football matches. If you happen to be Irish, you are especially welcome.

Good bagels (the best outside of New York City) can be found in Suffolk County.

Port Jefferson Village has many restaurants, but can be pricey. It is a tourist hotspot in the summer, however, so be prepared for crowds. Port Jeff is an adorable little town with numerous eccentric shops and art galleries. They also have good pubs like Billie's Saloon, Tara's, or Tommy's. This is also the port for the Port Jefferson/Bridgeport ferry.

Pizza on Long Island is a must! With many "mom and pop" run Italian places, the words Pizza Hut and Dominoes should never enter one's vocabulary. Areas with the best pizza are not limited to but include: Port Jefferson, Lake Ronkonkoma, Huntington, Smithtown, and Commack!

Drink
Peconic (the eastern part of Long Island, including both forks) is New York State's most important wine-growing area, and New York State produces the most wine in the United States after California (though it's a distant second). Wine enthusiasts may want to arrange vineyard tours and tastings.

Stay safe
Suffolk County is in general a very safe place to visit, as is most of Long Island. However, some areas have problems with gang and drug activity. It is wise to avoid sections of Brentwood, Copiague, Central Islip, Huntington Station, North Amityville, North Bay Shore, North Bellport, and Wyandanch at night.

Areas of Mastic and Mastic Beach should also be avoided at night, as these areas also frequently experience issues with crime.

title: Suffolk County (New York)


text:
Sugarcreek

Sugar Creek is a village in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. With eight Swiss cheese factories nearby, Sugarcreek is recognised as the center of Swiss Cheese Industry in Ohio. It is located in the rolling hills of Tuscarawas County, 18 miles east of Millersburg on State Route 39. This is the area first settled by the Amish in Ohio.

Get in
From I-77 take SR 39 west.

See

Buy

 * visit the consignment store behind the grocery store, for local crafts. A bit hard to find, but worth the effort.
 * visit the consignment store behind the grocery store, for local crafts. A bit hard to find, but worth the effort.
 * visit the consignment store behind the grocery store, for local crafts. A bit hard to find, but worth the effort.

Drink
Bars are few and far between around Sugarcreek. If you're looking for a bar in the area, it's best to head to New Philadelphia. There are shops that sell wine in Sugarcreek, with wineries in Dover.

title: Sugarcreek


text:
Sugar Hill

There is more than one place called Sugar Hill:

United States of America

 * Sugar Hill (California) — A town in California.
 * Sugar Hill (Georgia) — A town in Georgia.
 * Sugar Hill (New Hampshire) — A town in New Hampshire.

title: Sugar Hill


text:
Sugar Hill (New Hampshire)

Sugar Hill is a town in White Mountains of New Hampshire.

title: Sugar Hill (New Hampshire)


text:
Sugar Island

There's more than one place called Sugar Island:

 * Sugar Island (Michigan) - in the St. Marys River between Michigan and Ontario
 * Sugar Island (Ohio) - one of the Bass Islands in Lake Erie
 * Sugar Island (Ontario) - in the Thousand Islands region of the St. Lawrence River
 * Sugar Island (Maine) - largest island of Moosehead Lake

title: Sugar Island


text:
Sugar Land

Sugar Land is a city in the North Barrier Coast region of Texas, 24 miles southwest of Downtown Houston. It has a population of 118,000 (2019).

By road

 * Highway 6
 * US Highway 59 running through Sugar Land to Victoria
 * State Highway 99
 * US Highway 90A

Get around
There is no bus or passenger railway system (yet).

See
The Sugar Land Town Square is a nice place to visit. There are various events and performances in weekends, especially in summer. There are also many nice restaurants all within walking distances.

Buy
You can shop at the First Colony Mall, next to City Hall in downtown Sugar Land.

title: Sugar Land


text:
Suifenhe

Suifenhe (绥芬河; Suífēnhé) is a city in Heilongjiang Province. It is on the border with Russia and is China's gateway to Vladivostok.

Understand
Suifenhe is inland and elevated. As such it has warm summers and bitterly cold winters. From December to January a daytime maximum of -15°C is not uncommon.

Mandarin is dominant but Russian speakers are not hard to come by. English speakers are rare.

Get in
Suifenhe is accessible from Harbin by daily coaches, frequent minibuses from Mudanjiang and trains, including an approximately bi-weekly train (8 hours) that continues through to Vladivostok and is often booked out for a few weeks in advance. The bus station also seems to double for a night market. From the Russian side, trains and coaches cross the border (~20 km of no man's land) to Ussurisk, a 4-hour trip. Trains also have a change of gauge, which takes some time.

By bus
Buses to Vladivostok do not leave from the bus station across from the railway station, which is for domestic routes. The international bus station is a fair bit away, take a taxi for about ¥10-20 (depending on bargaining skills). The last bus departs for Russia in the early afternoon and the terminal will be closed from around 4PM, you may purchase the ticket in the early morning on the same day of departure though. Note: The terminal may just look like any closed shop with corrugated iron covering the entrance, do not be fooled as the buses leave from inside the big building.

Not all buses go straight to Vladivostok but will involve a change somewhere on the Russian side. Many Russians returning to Vladivostok after shopping in China will have their cars parked just on the other side of the border and may provide you with a lift if lucky.

Given that you have all your papers sorted the border crossing is straightforward and a short 5-10 min bus ride from the terminal. Guard(s) on the Chinese side speak fluent English and might be curious of non-Russian/Chinese passports. You are required to take all your items with you when crossing the border, do not leave bags on the bus as it will be thoroughly searched. Expect a fair bit of waiting as there may be other vehicles being searched as well.

(Information valid as of May 2010)

By train
Overnight from Harbin (waiting room 4) leaves at 8:30PM and arrives 7AM. ¥88 for hard sleeper with fan.

The building with big Cyrillic lettering at the top beside where the train stops.

The train leaves for Pogranichnyy, Russia (Пограничный, 44°24′N, 131°23′E) (perhaps GeCheng in Chinese) at around 9AM. It arrives in Pogranichnyy at 11AM (2PM Russia). (July 3, 2010) ¥130/person (¥15 for a white piece of paper they take away from you plus the cost of the ticket).

The price is subject to scheming and might prove suspect at times.

The Chinese border crossing opens around 8:30AM. The people running this route seem to be regulars who bring Chinese goods into Russia. On the Russian side, try to get your entry cards on the train as the line of traders going through customs is intimidating (40+min).

After departing from the station, remember to set your clock 3 hours ahead and cross the train tracks via the stairs on your left to the bus station/market area. A bus leaves to Vladivostok at 3:55PM (12:55PM China time) and takes about 4 hours (2 hours to clear customs and make it to the bus station).

A trip on this route from Harbin to Vladivostok by train and bus takes just under 21 hours. The countryside travelled through on the train is incredible.

Buy
Yuan and rubles are readily accepted. ATMs are mainly found around the main square and accept VISA/MasterCard and appear somewhat unreliable, some also seem to demand a six digit pin. If so, try adding 00 before your four-digit pin. Changing U.S. dollars is possible but time consuming (you'll need a photocopy of your passport, which can be obtained nearby, for a fee).

Like all border towns there is an assortment of goods to buy.

Eat
Up the stairs in front of the train station and left across the bus station (not the one with buses to Vladivostok) is a street lined with restaurants.

 * Breakfast Buffet Place. Look for a packed restaurant with a table filled with breakfast items. Lots of dumplings, deep fried/breaded stuff, soups, Chinese salad-type things, egg-based dishes. All delicious and all cheap. A couple big items, bowl of soup and a plate of salad should cost about ¥4-5. Bring it to your table and the waitress will calculate it for you.
 * California Beef Noodle King. Looks like a knock-off of this Chinese restaurant chain.

Internet cafe
A Chinese ID is required to access Net bars.

title: Suifenhe


text:
Suita

Suita (吹田) is a city in Osaka (prefecture).

Tourist information site

 * The city has an official Japanese-only promotional site.
 * Official Guide Map is available in English and other languages.

Go next

 * Minoh
 * Ibaraki
 * Settsu
 * Toyonaka
 * Osaka
 * Takatsuki
 * Oyamazaki
 * Nagaokakyo
 * Muko

title: Suita