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Centre-du-Québec

The Centre-du-Québec is a region halfway between Québec City and Montréal, on the south side of the St. Lawrence River. The Centre-du-Québec is a primarily agricultural region known as the breadbasket of Quebec.

Cities

 * — "Quebec's Capital of Expression and Traditions", with attractions focusing on culture, past and present
 * — famous as a producer of hardwood products, including furniture, caskets, and hockey sticks
 * Wickham - a municipality located in the Centre-du-Québec region of Quebec

Understand
"Centre-du-Quebec" literally means the "Centre of Quebec". This is a historic term that has not been geographically accurate since 1912, when a large amount of northern territory was added to the Province of Quebec. However, since the vast majority of Quebec's population lives in the southernmost area of the province (along the St.Lawrence River) and most of Quebec's northern territory is relatively inaccessible, the "Centre-du-Quebec" remains the "centre" of the province for most people's purposes.

Its major agricultural products include livestock and poultry, dairy products, as well as food crops such as cereals, vegetables, and fruits such as apples and cranberries. Forestry is also a major industry; there is a high density of hardwood forests in the area. Other major industries of the area include transportation, recycling, woodworking and cabinetmaking.

Tourisme Centre-du-Québec information centres (Aug 2019):
 * Princeville: 25 St-Jacques Est,
 * Nicolet: 20 rue Notre-Dame,, early Sept to late June: M-F 08:30-16:30; late June to early Sept: daily 09:00-18:00.
 * Plessisville: 1280 avenue Trudelle,, mid-June to end of Aug: daily 09:00-19:00; Sept to Mid-June: W F 11:00-17:00, Th 11:00-20:00, Sa Su 09:00-17:00
 * Saint-Léonard-d'Aston: 180 rang du Moulin Rouge, tourist information terminal at Madrid 2.0 Esso gas station and highway rest stop (24 hr)
 * Drummondville: 1350 rue J.-B. Michaud, toll-free: . Sep to early Jun: M-F 08:30-16:30; mid-Jun to mid-Aug: daily 08:30-18:00; mid-Aug to early Sep: daily 08:30-16:30.
 * Bécancour: 1005 boulevard de Port-Royal,, daily 08:30-17:30.
 * Victoriaville: 20 rue de Bigarré,, mid-Apr to May: daily 10:00-19:00: Jun to early Sep: daily 09:00-21:00; early Sep to early Oct: daily 10:00-19:00

Get in
The Centre-du-Québec region lies on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River roughly halfway between Montreal and Quebec City. The Trans-Canada Highway/Autoroute 20, Intercity highway coach service (provided by Orléans Express and Groupe La Québécoise), and Via Rail passenger services run between those two cities through the region.

It is also easily accessible from Trois-Rivières on Highway 55.

By car
There are two scenic driving routes through the area: Route des Jardins and the Route des antiquaires.

See
The Laurier Museum in Victoriaville commemorates the summer home of Canadian former Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier and is a National Historic Site of Canada.

Le Village Québécois d'Antan in Drummondville is a re-creation of village life in the 19th century; it an old farm, period costumes, a restaurant and several festivals throughout the year.

The Centre de la Biodiversité du Québec in Bécancour just outside of Trois-Rivières, is a science museum that educates about and promotes the conservation of Quebec's native species.

Do
The Festival International de Musique Actuelle de Victoriaville (FIMAV) takes place in the spring.

In late August, the Festival de la Poutine in Drummondville offers concerts, and celebrates poutine, a Canadian dish of Quebecois origin. The basic dish is a mess of French fries, gravy, and cheese curds.

title: Centre-du-Québec


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Centre-Val de Loire

Centre-Val de Loire is a large inland region of central France located to the south-west of the French capital Paris. The name reflects the fact that much of this region embraces the renowned valley of the river Loire. The region is known for its fine historical towns, its vineyards and agricultural produce and its many beautiful castles (châteaux). Until 2015 it was called simply (Le) Centre.

By Train
Both Tours and Vendôme are on the LGV Atlantique (commonly known as the TGV) from Paris Montparnasse.

By air
Tours Val de Loire (TUF) Airport is the region's international airport. Other nearby airports include Paris Orly (ORY), Paris Charles de Gaulle (CDG), and Limoges (LIG).

Châteaux (Castles)

 * Angers
 * Amboise
 * Azay-le-Rideau
 * Blois
 * Chambord
 * Chaumont-sur-Loire
 * Chenonceau
 * Cheverny
 * Chinon
 * Langeais
 * Loches
 * Montreuil-Bellay
 * Montsoreau
 * Rivau
 * Saumur
 * Ussé
 * Valencay
 * Villandry

Do
Visit the Pôle des étoiles and discover the Universe! Located in Nançay, a delightful Sologne village, Pôle des étoiles is a learning center. It offers guided tours of the radioastronomy facility, sky theater shows, as well as iteresting science exhibits. Official website

Stay safe
The Centre-Val de Loire is among France's safest regions. Certain neighbourhoods in and around cities like Tours, Orléans, and Vierzon might require extra caution at night, but the rest of the region is safe.

Go next
Travellers wishing to see more of the Loire Valley can continue further west into the adjoining Pays de la Loire region, studded with additional historical cities and chateaux at sites such as Angers and Saumur.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Centre-Val de Loire


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Centreville (Fairfax County)

Centreville is an unincorporated city in Fairfax County. The population was 71,000 in 2010. This article also covers the nearby town of Clifton and its surrounding area.

Understand
There are numerous shopping centers built around the town center. The presence of Korean stores can be found in these shopping centers. Many stores are the hangouts of young Koreans. You can also find many Korean churches around the area.

Clifton is directly south-east of Centreville. While pretty much the only thing to do in Clifton's suburbs is to drive around and look at the pretty houses (which is actually pretty enjoyable), or go to one of the parks, Clifton itself is a pretty little town with a few restaurants. Pretty is the word to describe Clifton: pretty suburbs, with pretty houses on beautiful large lots, and the pretty suburbs surround a pretty little town with pretty buildings.

Get in
The city is approximately 20 miles from Washington, DC.

Centreville is served by three major roads. U.S. Route 29, the main artery through the town, enters Centreville from the west. Virginia Route 28 enters from the south and interchanges with U.S. Route 29 in between Centreville's two main shopping centers. Interstate 66 comes from the south-west and interchanges with both routes before heading toward Washington, D.C. in the east or western Virginia.

The area is served by several Fairfax Connector bus routes connecting to the Metrorail system: 640, 641, 642.

Go next

 * Manassas: don't go there next, go there at the same time. With Centreville road (SR 28) connecting Centreville and the Manassas area, they're almost two different parts of the same city.

title: Centreville (Fairfax County)


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Centurion

Centurion is a city of 237,000 people (2011) in the Tshwane district of South Africa between Pretoria to the north, and Midrand and Johannesburg to the south. It is home to the Waterkloof Air Force Base, and the Swartkop Air Force Base (which includes the South African Air Force Museum).

Understand
Formerly Lyttelton and Verwoerdburg, the city was renamed following the end of Apartheid after the Centurion Park cricket stadium, now known as SuperSport Park.

Irene, a village that is part of Centurion, is covered in a separate article. It is home to the Smuts House Museum and the Irene Dairy Farm.

Climate
Centurion sits on the Highveld like Johannesburg and Pretoria and has a similar climate, with dry, sunny winters (max. daytime temperature around 20 °C dropping to an average minimum of 5 °C), and warm to hot summers (October - April) tempered by late-afternoon showers often accompanied by spectacular thunder and lightning. Hailstorms are not uncommon, but a serious hailstorm has not happened for many years. Summer temperatures range from the mid-20s to the mid-30s (°Celsius). Centurion's weather tends to follow the slightly warmer Pretoria, when compared to that of Johannesburg.

The Hennops River flows through the heart of Centurion, and causes occasional flooding when heavy rainfall has occurred.

By road
Centurion is between Pretoria and Johannesburg. If you are coming by plane, you can take a ride from OR Tambo International Airport in Johannesburg using the R21 motorway. From Pretoria, use the R101 motorway to reach Centurion.

By train
Centurion has a station on the high-speed Gautrain, running between Johannesburg and Pretoria. It's possible to arrive from OR Tambo by train, via a change at Marlboro station.

See

 * Cricket:
 * Cricket:

title: Centurion


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Cerbère

Cerbère is a town of 1,400 people (2017) in Pyrénées-Orientales in France. Cerbère is an important centre for tourism, often linked with undersea diving. For rail travellers on the regional route between France and Spain, Cerbère is important because almost all trains end or start here or in the neighbouring Spanish border station Portbou.

By train
Cerbere train station was once of great importance in rail traffic as a border station to Spain, as the continental standard gauge ends here. Long-distance traffic is now managed differently, but regional trains still run. The line 540 regional network Lio connects the town to the station of Perpignan.

By car
The town is crossed by the departmental 914 towards Banyuls, Port-Vendres to the north and Port-Bou in Spain to the south.

Do

 * The road over the Franco-Spanish border, while very tortuous, affords splendid views of the town as well as the coast. The actual border is on the Col des Balistres at 173 m (568 ft).
 * The Cerbère-Banyuls National Nature Reserve established in 1974, was the first marine reserve in France and covers 650 hectares (1,600 acres) of sea.
 * Communal festival: August 6.
 * Trans-Pyrenean festival of choral singing: end of June. Polyphonic songs, gospels, folk groups, meals on the beach and exhibitions.

Connect
As of Jan 2024, Cerbère and its approach highways have 4G from Orange, and 5G from Bouygues, Free and SFR.

They also have 4G / 5G from all Spanish carriers.

title: Cerbère


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Ceredigion

Ceredigion is an extensive county in mid Wales (440,630 acres (1783 km²)). A partly coastal county, it is bordered by Cardigan Bay to the west (part of the Irish Sea), Gwynedd to the north, Powys to the east, Carmarthenshire to the south, and Pembrokeshire to the south-west. Population 64,000. It corresponds more-or-less to the historic county of Cardiganshire, a name which is sometimes still in use.

Towns

 * – coastal town with small harbour
 * – one of Ceredigion's favourite escapes with a blue flag beach.
 * – old seaside resort with promenade, university town and home to the National Library of Wales
 * (Welsh: Aberteifi) – coastal town
 * (Llanbedr Pont Steffan or Llambed) – home of a theological college
 * (Cei Newydd) – seaside resort town
 * (Castellnewydd Emlyn) – market town partly in Carmarthenshire, nearby is the National Coracle Centre
 * – small town, centre for number of river and hill activities
 * – small town, centre for number of river and hill activities

Villages

 * (Y Borth) – basic seaside village close to Ynyslas dunes
 * (Pontarfynach) – take the Vale of Rheidol Railway to the steep walk around the waterfall and the famous bridge
 * – Blue Flag beach
 * – small village near Bwlch Nant yr Arian Forest Visitor Centre and the Silvermountain experience
 * – close to Strata Florida Abbey

Understand
The Welsh-language name Ceredigion means 'Land of Ceredig', who was a son of Cunedda, a chieftain who reconquered much of Wales from the Irish around the fifth century CE.

Aside from the long coastline on Cardigan Bay, much of Cardiganshire is dominated by the Cambrian Mountains.

By car
The A487 runs parallel to the coast to Cardigan and Aberystwyth, from Fishguard in the south to Bangor in the north. The A44 goes eastwards from Aberystwyth to Rhayader, Leominster, Worcester and Oxford.

By rail
There are two mainline railway stations in Ceredigion; Aberystwyth and Borth. From these stations passengers can catch trains from Birmingham and Shrewsbury. Services are provided by Arriva Trains Wales on the Cambrian Line.

 * Aberystwyth, the terminus of the line, the station is on the outskirts of the town. A short walk from the station is the idyllic seafront. A typical Victorian seafront, with large houses overlooking the beach.
 * Borth, the next stop from Aberystwyth. Located just off the main road which runs parallel to the beach. Beach side amenities are typical of a British resort, cafes and shops sell buckets, spades, body boards, tea, coffee and sandwiches. Free public toilets are a very short walk from the station on the main road.

Get around
Car is the only practical means of getting round the area.

By bus

 * Council bus timetable site
 * Lloyds Coaches

See

 * Dyfi Furnace in an 18th century blast furnace that gives its name to Furnace village.

Go next

 * Gwynedd
 * Powys
 * Pembrokeshire

title: Ceredigion


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Ceres

Ceres is a city in Stanislaus County located in the agriculturally abundant San Joaquin Valley of California.

Get in
Ceres is accessible by car via CA-99 and nearby Interstate 5. United Airlines offers commercial airline service through the Modesto City-County Airport located four miles north in Modesto from San Francisco and Los Angeles airports.

title: Ceres


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Ceres (disambiguation)

There is more than one place called Ceres:

South Africa

 * Ceres (Western Cape) - A town in South Africa's Western Cape.

United States of America

 * Ceres - A town in California.

title: Ceres (disambiguation)


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Çerkezköy

Çerkezköy is a town in Eastern Thrace, the European part of Turkey - or rather, it's the nucleus of a sprawling conurbation, with a population of 174,529 in 2019. It's modern, industrial and devoid of tourist sights, but it does have accommodation and other amenities. You would only come here for business or a family funeral.

Çerkezköy is the place where in 1929 the Orient Express really did get stuck in the snow for five days. Anyone who lures a partner here on pretext of re-creating the ambiance of that incident will deserve a fate worse than any devised by Agatha Christie for her fictionalised version.

Understand
By 1400 Timur (who passed into legend as Tamberlane) controlled a huge swathe of Asia. At Ankara he crushed the Ottomans and captured their sultan Bayezid, who died in captivity. Faced with this threat, Bayezid's sons thought it a smart idea to fight each other for the succession. One of them was Süleyman Çelebi, who'd escaped from the defeat at Ankara, and for a while he ruled a shaky principality around Edirne. By 1411 his nearest and dearest caught up with him, he tried to flee to Byzantium, but was murdered here. The settlement became known as Türbedere, "tomb-stream".

Eventually it was the Ottomans not the Timurids or Byzantines who got to rule this area for 500 years, but Thrace was threatened or invaded several times as their empire crumbled. In the 18th and 19th centuries Russia expanded and won several wars against the Ottomans, and their hand fell even more heavily north of the Black Sea, in the region then called Circassia and now called Abkhazia. Its resistance to Russia was ended in 1864 by genocide and a scorched-earth policy; refugees found shelter elsewhere in Turkey, and many were settled here. Türbedere therefore became the "Circassian village", Çerkez köy.

The conflicts within Thrace were with Greece and Bulgaria. Many refugees from Bulgaria settled here in the late 19th / early 20th century, and in 1912 / 13 Bulgaria occupied the town for nine months and utterly destroyed it, including Süleyman's tomb. Greece then occupied it from 1920 to 1922. The 1923 Treaty of Lausanne drew the present borders of Turkey, and Çerkezköy was left to prosper as a market town along the main road and railway between Istanbul, Edirne and the west. It stands in the well-watered fertile Thracian plain, and understandably it has a large army base.

In 1971 the town was chosen as an industrial base, and traditional trades based on agriculture and textiles were supplanted by manufacture of plastic and rubber goods, paints, chemicals, white goods and automobile parts. The place sucked in labour and population from Anatolia, and grew into a sprawling conurbation of several townships. It's still growing, an unlovely landscape of apartment blocks and industrial units, from which every antiquity has been obliterated. Meanwhile Istanbul also burgeoned - since 2005 its metropolitan boundary is just 10 km down the road from Çerkezköy.

By plane
Istanbul Airport 100 km east has a global network of flights. A direct bus runs from the airport to Çorlu, where you change for a local bus.

Tekirdağ Çorlu Airport, 35 km south of Çerkezköy, has flights from Ankara.

By train
Çerkezköy is on the main line from Europe to Edirne and Istanbul, so the nightly Bosphorus Express from Sofia and Bucharest arrives in the early hours of the morning, reaching Istanbul for 05:30. The westbound Express picks up around 23:00 - make sure you're in the right section, as the train divides at the border.

There are regional trains daily from Istanbul Halkali at around 08:30 and 18:00, taking 90 min. From Çerkezköy they continue west to Çorlu and Lüleburgaz, whence the morning train runs to Edirne and Kapıkule on the border with Bulgaria, while the evening train runs to Uzunköprü (near the Greek border, but with no crossing point). The eastbound trains leave for Istanbul around 10:00 and 18:00; in 2022 a single fare is 19 TL. Halkali is 15 km west of Istanbul city centre but linked by the frequent Marmaray suburban train.

There is also a motorail terminal here, and Optima Express formerly had a weekly service from Austria, avoiding a tiring drive across the Balkans.

The is 2 km east of town centre.

By bus
Istanbul Seyahat and Kale Seyahat buses both run hourly from Istanbul, taking about an hour, for a fare of 120 TL. Some continue to Saray.

Metro Turizm run six times a day from Istanbul Bayrampaşa, taking two hours via Silivri and Çorlu.

A swarm of dolmuş connect Çerkezköy with Tekirdağ (90 min) and Çorlu to the south, and Saray and Vize to the north.

The is south edge of town centre.

By car
The town is 110 km east of Istanbul: follow O-3 / E80 toll highway then branch onto D567. From IST airport follow O-7 to join O-3.

Get around
The core of town is the 2 km strip along Atatürk Cd, called Gazi Osman Paşa - this part is walkable and has most visitor amenities. Dolmuşes run to the main burbs but you'll need a car or taxi to get around the conurbation.

See

 * is the town's oldest, with an attractive interior.
 * The clocktower is in front of the mosque.

Do

 * Keep fit: there's a dozen gyms and fitness centres along the main street. You can probably negotiate pay-as-you-go.
 * Don't commit murder on the Orient Express. In Feb 1929 the Simplon Orient Express was nearing the end of its journey from Paris to Istanbul, when it became stuck in a snowdrift for five days near Çerkezköy. The novelist Agatha Christie was not aboard that day, but she often travelled that route and around the Middle East, and she wove together this incident and the Lindbergh kidnapping case to create Murder on the Orient Express. For the sake of a pacy plot, she needed the murder to be on the first night, in an exotic remote location, so she made it a westbound train getting stuck somewhere in Yugoslavia.

Buy

 * Migros, Demir and Onur are supermarkets near town centre, all open daily 08:00-22:00.

Eat
There's a line of eating places along the main street Atatürk Cd, and one block east at the foot of Öztrak Cd.

Drink
Several along main street, with another cluster north near the hospital. They weren't open in 2021.

Connect
Çerkezköy and its approach highways have 4G from all Turkish carriers. As of Dec 2021, 5G has not rolled out in Turkey.

Go next

 * Saray is modern but has an old mosque. Come this way for the forests of the Istranca Mountains, and Black Sea resorts such as Kıyıköy.
 * You can enjoy the Marmara coast anywhere along the strip from Silivri to Marmara Ereğlisi.

title: Çerkezköy


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Cerrigydrudion

Cerrigydrudion is a small village in the Welsh county borough of Conwy.

Get in
Closest rail stations are Betws y Coed and Chirk, although getting closer with public transport is challenging.

By road
Cerrig-y-drudion is on the A5 London to Holyhead trunk road between Betws y Coed and Chirk.

By bus
TrawsCymru T10 runs through the village - this service was introduced in 2021 and replaced a very sparse service. There are buses every two hours from Bangor and Corwen (three journeys each way on Sundays) with journey times of 81 mins from Bangor and 19 mins from Corwen.

Corwen provides services to and from a wide range of destinations including Chester, Wrexham, Llangollen, and Dolgellau - TrawsCymru timetables are coordinated to enable easy connections here.

Get around
Mainly by car, limited bus services.

Go next

 * Bala
 * Ruthin
 * Betws y Coed
 * Llangollen
 * Denbigh

title: Cerrigydrudion


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Cerritos

Cerritos is a city in Los Angeles County.

Get in
Cerritos is the gateway from Orange County to Los Angeles County, and it's often mistaken for being in Orange County. Located in the center of Southern California. The 91 Freeway and the 605 Freeway crosses it and it's close to the 405, 105 and Highway 5.

Go next

 * Knott's Berry Farm is in next door Buena Park.
 * Disneyland is a short drive down the 91 and 5 freeways.
 * The city of Long Beach has much to offer as well and is only a few minutes away on the 605 freeway.

title: Cerritos


text:
Cerritos (disambiguation)

There is more than one place called Cerritos:

United States of America

 * Cerritos - A city in California.

Mexico

 * Cerritos (Mexico) - A town in Mexico.

title: Cerritos (disambiguation)


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Cerro Punta

Cerro Punta is a very small village in the Pacific West of Panama.

By bus
There are frequent buses from David for around $ 4.30.

Go next
A great hike in the dry season, but not recommended during rains is an 8 kilometer trek (mostly, but not all downhill) through rain forest, within sight of Volcan Baru, into Boquete. Take a half-hour 4WD taxi (shared with two others/$5 per person) up to the ranger station and then hike for 5 hours to the ranger station on the other side of the park. At the other end, exhausted, and still with 4 kilometers to go to reach Boquete, you may be lucky and be able to hitch a ride with a farmer delivering carrots to market.

title: Cerro Punta


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Duida-Marahuaca National Park

Duida-Marahuaca National Park (rarely Cerros Duida and Marahuaca National Park) is in Amazonas Region of Venezuela.

Understand
This National Park is a little-known training, including explorers and scientists, because of the difficulty of accessing it, with thermal levels ranging from the warm equator to the cold of the mountains.

The vegetation at the summit, at first gives a feeling of Savannah, but in a compact stands over 30 inches from the ground, on a very thick layer of vegetation, deposited there over millions of years in the vegetation is dominated by plants characteristic of high altitudes such as Bromeliaceae, Orquideáceas, Comelináceas and other stressing the particularity that many species are presented as entirely characteristic of the tepuis Marauhaca and neighbors.

In the crevices and depressions, by contrast, appear extremely dense forest shrubs that reach a height of 4 m, with substrate consisting mostly of roots and mulch, which sinks deep in the heart of tepuy reaching in some places 100 m thick.

This imposing mass - "Holy Mountain" for both the Makiritare to the Yanomami, numerous streams descend, which later become important tributaries Padamo both, as the Cunucunuma, and the same Orinoco, which he pours his Iguape river flow, either directly from the main plateau Marahuaca own. At Padamo, from upstream, will fall as follows: Kidichunama, Cudunama, Judiñama and Yamajuna. At Cunucunuma, you fall from this massive and their subordinates Yameduaka hills, the Namanama and Mataasha, which emerges from the edge of the vast plateau at 2,800 meters through a quantum leap divided into three major steps, "whose respective heights have not yet been clarified, and is called Akudi-Hidi.

The National Park is located in a territory occupied by ethnic ancestry Yekwana, but there are also small groups of Piaroa and Sanema.

Landscape
It has an area of 210,000 ha and was created in 1978.

It is in the geographical center of the Amazon in the Middle Orinoco, between the towns Tamatama and Esmeralda, have their boundaries defined by rivers Cunucunuma, north and west; Padamo, east and southern Orinoco.

Flora and fauna
The fauna is varied, highlighting the jaguar, tapir, different species of monkeys, reptiles, amphibians and a rich birdlife.

Climate
This beautiful park is permanently bathed in heavy rain storm, so that gets to receive up to 4,000 mm of annual rainfall. At the same time, the summit is Marahuaca hit by winds that can reach up to 37 knots of speed, which come predominantly from the NE at the time of lower rainfall between December and March, and SE in the rainy season between April and November. No less worthy of mention the constant fog that settles on its summit, so much so permanent that it very difficult to access by helicopter (the only expeditious way so far) and of course its aerial observation, besides being a numbing factor and dangerous for the exploration of the massif.

The temperature prevailing at this stage is between 10 °C to 11 °C, but reached record levels reached about 25 °C in full sun, and the minimum near 0 °, on the coldest nights. All these ingredients are those that make it so difficult to reach these plateaus whose caps maintain conditions similar to the Andean highlands, which makes them ecological islands.

Get in
Access to the park is through La Esmeralda, Tamatama and Culebra, on inland waterways and air.

Get around
It comprises three sectors:

The largest is the south where the mountain is located Duida, to 2,880 m and an approximate area of 1,250 km².

Separated from the former by a narrow corridor of 1 km wide and 7 km in length, is the massive hill or Marahuaca to 2,840 m. The massif covers an area of approximately 237.75 km², is composed of four main masses of sandstone, rising above granite rock in the form of large tables which descend from heights of over 2,800 meters in an almost vertical, to the foothills or skirt that comes from the jungle which varies in altitude from 800 to 1,600 meters approx. The main summit of this mountain, is located on the plateau south-east to 3 ° 40 'north latitude and 65 ° 30' west longitude and the remarkable scale, descend numerous rivers and streams that lead to major cascades, resulting double aquifer flow to the west and east, which is poured into the Cunucunuma respectively and to the Padamo, both flowing tributaries of the upper Orinoco, on its right bank.

The third area corresponds to Guachamacari hill, to 2,520 meters, and another small northwestern Marahuaca tepuy, both with length less than 100 ha. It forms a striking feature of the Guiana Shield terrain, surrounded by vast savannas, where there are formations and tabular plateaus, typical of the Roraima formation, with altimetry between 250 and 2810 meters.

title: Duida-Marahuaca National Park


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Cerveteri

Cerveteri is a town in Lazio, Italy. It is notable for a very well-preserved Etruscan Necropolis, which is on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Get in
Getting in from Rome is fairly easy. You will need to take the Cotral bus from the Rome terminus near Cornelia Metro Station on Linea A. When you exit the metro walk towards the McDonald's, there is a tobacco shop nearby where you can buy a ticket and return ticket. The bus takes an hour and leaves every hour or so. Avoid outdated information suggesting Cotral departs from Lepanto Metro station. There is also a train but the station is less convenient.

If you hire a car at Rome's Fiumicino airport follow the road to Rome for a few km and then take the Autostrada signposted in the direction of Civitavecchia. The exit to Cerveteri is about 15 minutes later, depending on how fast you drive. The Necropolis is to the north of the modern town and reasonably well signposted.

Get around
There's a local bus to the necropolis, from where the Rome buses leave. You can walk to the necropolis within twenty five minutes from old town. There is a quiet country backroad leading there from the parking lot parallel to the main drive if you are interested in a longer route.

The old town is very small and walking is all that is required. The new town lacks interest.

See

 * Etruscan Necropolis (Necropoli della Banditaccia). The main sight, and a quite remarkable one, is the Necropolis of the Etruscans. This was built on town planning principles similar to those for cities of the living and it is truly a 'city for the dead' to enjoy their afterlife. Many of the tombs, which are carved out of volcanic tuff rock, can be entered. They were designed in a similar way to the less permanent homes of the living, being divided up into several rooms. Many artifacts were left in the tombs to accompany the dead on their journey; those that were not pillaged before the authorities began to get a grip of the situation can be found in various museums in the region, most notably the Villa Giulia museum in Rome.
 * As you drive to the entrance you will see that the area of tombs is really extensive. Much excavation is still being done and only a small part of the total area can be visited. Despite the proximity of Cerveteri to Rome and the importance of the site the Necropolis is not over-visited and a visit can be a pleasant and unhurried experience. Admission is €8. Under 18 and over 65 free of charge. There is a pleasant bar with outside tables and inexpensive snacks.

 * The Etruscan museum in the old town is also well worth a visit.

Do
Hike - There are some hiking trails directly behind the Necropolis. You may want to bring a GPS or look at an online map as they are not marked.

Eat
There is a cart in the center where the bus from Rome arrives that serves what may be the best porchettas in the region. Well worth buying a couple for lunch.

Sleep
The Bed and Breakfast Casa di Anna at Largo Boccetta 5-6 is very good and, equally important, seems to be the only accommodation in the old town.

Go next

 * Ceri is almost due east of Cerveteri (take the road to Bracciano and turn right at the junction). It goes back to Etruscan times but the town as it looks today was founded in 1236, when the inhabitants of Cerveteri moved to Ceri to seek protection from its position on an outcrop of tufa volcanic rock. There is a one-lane street leading up the side of the rock to the town on top. This is controlled by traffic lights, which take a long time to change. Don't be tempted to jump the lights or you could find yourself with a long drive back down the hill in reverse!

title: Cerveteri


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Cervia

Cervia is a resort town in Emilia-Romagna, on Italy's east coast. It is a city by summer and a town by winter, due to numerous tourists arriving in the busy summer.

Understand
Originally called Ficocle, it was probably of Greek origin and was located midway from current Cervia and Ravenna. It is known that this originary settlement was destroyed in 709 by patrician Theodore for its alliance with Ravenna against the loyal Byzantines.

Later the centre was rebuilt in a more secure position, in the Salina. This medieval city grew until it was provided with three fortified entrances, a Palaces of Priors, seven churches and a castle (Rocca) which, according to the legend, was built by Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. The name also changed from Ficocle to Cervia, probably referring to the Acervi, great amounts of salt left in the local evaporation pods. After a long series of events, it became part of the Papal States.

As the time passed, the salt pod turned into a marsh, and on November 9, 1697 Pope Innocent XII ordered it to be rebuilt in a safer location. The new city had huge silos for storage of salt, containing up to 13,000 tons.

Nowadays, Cervia is a resort popular with German tourists. Almost no-one speaks English, so a phrase book will be necessary. Locals will be grateful and happy to see you at least trying to learn the language.

By plane
The only airport in Cervia is a military airport on its outskirts. However, Cervia can easily be reached by the Rimini International Airport in Rimini and the Forli Airport in Forli. Both cities are about an hour away from Cervia.

By car
The A14, a six-lane motorway known as the autostrada del mare runs away to the north. The SS 72 heads inland towards San Marino. The SS16 heads in from the North and Ravenna.

Get around
Cervia is very small, and you can walk around the city center. Most people use bicycles, and you can rent one in a number of shops. To get to Milano Marittima, the boutique district of Cervia, you can use a bike, but it is also very easy to reach it by foot. The canal divides the center of Cervia and the sea from Milano Marittima.

Do
Lounge on the renowned beaches. Known as Il Mare, it is divided into bagni, which are essentially bars and stretches of beach owned by people. The most famous by far is the, which has an astounding number of world-class facilities, including a spa.

During the winter, Cervia essentially closes up shop. The population falls drastically, and it becomes a ghost town.

Dance in Milano Marittima's interesting nightlife. There are several clubs and bars in this chic area, regarded as one of the best places for nightlife in the whole region.

Watch hundreds of types of birds and mammals in the. Here you can tour the wildlife, which has birds and deer, along with other typical wildlife of Cervia.

Take a stroll in La Pineta, the extremely long stretch of woods that starts up in Ravenna and ends just outside Cesenatico, in the centre of the region.

Buy
For boutique shopping, Milano Marittima is definitely the best place. You can find the best designer brands here (D&G, Gucci, Armani, etc.). For tourist souvenirs, the center of Cervia is best, along with the seaside.

Eat
Cervia has a number of very good restaurants. For typical cuisine from Romagna, is an excellent restaurant with a traditional ambience on the outskirts of the city.

In Milano Marittima, there are many expensive restaurants. , undoubtedly one of the best seafood restaurants in the area, is located here. Beware though: you might want to bring a very big amount of money if you wish to dine here.

Drink
Milano Marittima is the center of the clubbing scene. The city center has no nightlife whatsoever, while Milano Marittima is full of top-class bars and nightclubs. In the summer, the streets and clubs are alive with energy. You will be guaranteed a lot of fun in these clubs. They are not particularly dangerous.

Sleep
In the city centre, there are only budget options. On the seaside, there are several 3-star hotels, like the Hotel Roma. The Grand Hotel Cervia is a 4-star hotel on the beachside. It is easily recognizable with its unique fountain and tall building. In Milano Marittima, you can find several luxurious options. However, these are usually outrageously expensive. Among these are the Hotel Palace, Hotel Athena, Hotel Le Palme, Hotel Fenice, and the Hotel Imperiale.

title: Cervia


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Cesena

Cesena is a city in Emilia-Romagna.

By plane

 * 1) Federico Fellini International Airport via Flaminia, 409, 47924 Miramare, Rimini RN (40 km);
 * 2) Aeroporto G. Marconi Bologna Via del Triumvirato, 84, 40132 Bologna BO (95 km).

Get around
Mi Muovo is an integrated public transport pass for the region. Short-stay visitors might use "Mi Muovo Multibus", a 12-trip bus ticket, see Emilia Romagna.

Eat
Cappelletti, tagliatelle, lasagne, strozzapreti, passatelli (pasta) and piadina romagnola.

title: Cesena


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Cesenatico

Cesenatico is a town in Emilia-Romagna.

By train

 * 20 minutes from Rimini

Get around
At the train station you can rent a bike or a day or a week for €10. You get this fee back when you return the bike.

See
The port and the traditional downtown

Do
Join the 2013 International Acrobatics Convention at the Accademia Acrobatica.

title: Cesenatico


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Cēsis

Cēsis (Livonian: Venden, German: Wenden) is a town in Gauja National Park, in the Vidzeme region of Latvia, on the Gauja river, roughly 100 km to the east of the capital Riga..

Understand
Having only around 18,000 inhabitants, it is a fairly quiet historic town, containing two beautiful castles and parks, houses built in various different time periods and small cobbled streets in the Old Town.

The name Venden or Wenden, respectively, is derived from the Venden, an ethnicity who lived in this place in the 12th century. It is not entirely certain, but they probably spoke a Finnish-Oegonian language.

At the beginning of the 13th century the area was conquered by the Order of the Sword Brothers. Under their regime, in 1206, Cēsis received city rights. Among the Sword brothers and their successors, Cēsis became a prosperous city. In the 14th century the city became Hanseatic.

In 1578, Stefanus Báthory, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, defeated in Russian Tsar Ivan IV, who had invaded Livonia. Livonia was already paying taxes to the Polish king, but in 1598 the city became fully Polish and the capital of the Voivodeship Wenden.

In 1621, the city became Swedish and Russian in 1703. That remained the situation until the Latvian independence in 1918. However, the Polish, Swedish and Russian rule did not reduce the dominant position of the German-speaking elite in Livonia, which had settled here in the Middle Ages as landowners and merchants. Most local executives, as well as notaries, judges and lawyers, were Baltic Germans. But after Latvia became independent their influence changed.

Although the street patterns of the city date back to the Middle Ages, no medieval buildings have been preserved. In the course of history, Cēsis was rebuilt almost the same three times – the last time in 1703. Thus, the oldest buildings date back to the 18th century.

Get in
1188.lv provides up-to-date bus and train schedules, route planner and prices.

By bus
Many bus routes exist in the region. Direct connections between Cēsis and other nearby large cities such as Riga and Valmiera exist and departures are fairly frequent - usually once an hour. Connections with smaller towns exist, but may be less frequent, depending on the time of day.

Many buses in the region provide free WiFi access, especially on longer distance routes.

By train

There are some train routes going through Cēsis, connecting major cities such as Riga (€3.50), Sigulda (€2), Valmiera (€1.55) and Valga, Estonia (€2.90).

By car
Getting into Cēsis by car is fairly simple. The A2/E77 heads out of Riga in a north-eastern direction and can be followed until the P20 which can then be followed north until turning off west into the town. If following the A2/E77 from a town further east, the P30 (turn-off from A2/E77) can take you straight into Cēsis. From northern towns such as Valmiera, simply following the P20 south until turning off to Cēsis in a similar fashion as when driving from Riga. Following the P14 south-east will also take you straight into Cēsis.

Various turnoffs can be taken from the P20 depending on what the end destination in Cēsis is exactly and should probably be evaluated beforehand.

By foot
The town center is fairly small and can be traversed by foot. Practically all sidewalks are asphalted or have flat brick tiling.

By taxi
Local taxi companies exist and are reasonably priced making them a viable method of getting around. Regardless, you should always keep an eye out for possible scams related with overpricing such as bumping the meter price up with a touch of a button on the meter.

By bus
Local public transport exists, but the count of bus departures throughout the day is fairly low making walking to the destination often a much more viable opinion.

See

Do

 * Cēsis is located on the edge of the Gauja National Park (Latvia's largest national park). Hikes through unspoilt nature are a welcome relief for those visiting the city.

Buy
Rīgas iela is the central walking street in the Old Town with a couple of shops and restaurants.

Go next

 * Ligatne – A village fairly well known for its nature trails, with a great natural park with wildlife animals and "fairy tale" forests with characters from famous Latvian fairy tales. Nearby, also an old Soviet bunker complex can be visited, which was built in case of a nuclear war.
 * Sigulda – A town with many interesting castles and historic points of interest. Probably, the most popular destination outside of Riga for foreign tourists, also due to its closeness.
 * Smiltene – Features a manor, some castle ruins, and a sight tower over the surrounding area.
 * Jaunpiebalga – With a museum of the Latvian composer Emils Darzins (1875-1910) at the nearby "Jāņaskola".
 * Madona – A scenic town surrounded by hills, forests and lakes, and a winter sports centre.
 * Valmiera – Features the only professional theatre in the region, castle ruins, a medieval church, a famous brewery, and is the start of the Gauja National Park.
 * Seda – Founded in 1953 in an uninhabited area, it still embodies the pomp of Communist and Stalinist shock-work aka architecture. Nearby a vast man-made peat bogs nature area can be found, and is not to be missed. Both occurrences are historically tied to each other.
 * Limbaži - a former Hanseatic city, nowadays its castle ruins hints of its glorious past.

title: Cēsis


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Cessnock

Cessnock (population 18,000) is adjacent to Australia's oldest wine growing region, the Lower Hunter Valley vineyards (including Pokolbin). The city has a strong working-class feel, which contrasts markedly with the nearby tourist's playground that is the Lower Hunter wine country.

By car
From Sydney, Cessnock is about a 1.75 hour drive, around 150km via the M1 and B82 north.

Canberra - Cessnock = 521.7 km

By train and bus
If you're planning a public transport trip from Sydney, the most convenient method is to take the direct booked train to Morisset, on NSW Trainlink booked services. There is a connecting bus with Rover Coaches to take you to Cessnock, and this connects with the shuttle that runs around the valley. It is a 3 1/2 hour trip on the train and bus.

Travellers may also reach Cessnock via Newcastle by train to Maitland (followed by a bus from Maitland to Cessnock) or by bus. Rover Motors buses travel between Newcastle (departing outside Newcastle train station with a pick-up at the Hunter Street Mall bus station) and Cessnock (terminating at the Cessnock bus depot) between Monday and Friday. It is not necessary to book a seat on this bus.

Rover Motors also runs bus services within Cessnock and between Cessnock and Kurri Kurri. A number of taxis also service Cessnock.

There are no direct bus services from Sydney.

Travellers wishing to explore Pokolbin (Lower Hunter) and the neighbouring vineyards should consider hiring a car or should contact the Tourist Information Centre on Wine Country Drive for information on vineyard bus tours. There may be some smaller operators based around Kings Cross that you could try, or take an organised tour with AAT Kings. (A bit pricey but will save you a five-hour commute via woop-woop to get there.)

One other option is the Happy Cabby airport shuttle service from Sydney airport to Cessnock and the Hunter region. If you book far enough in advance (and ask nicely) they can pick you up from Central Station on the way through Sydney city.

In short, getting to Pokolbin, Wollombi Historic Village, and the Lower Hunter wine growing region is a total hassle if you don't own a car. Rent one or take a very good book with you on public transport.

Get around
Please be aware that Australia has strict drink driving laws that are policed throughout Cessnock and the Hunter Valley, so unless you have a designated driver who has agreed to stay sober, you should join an organised bus tour.

Most of the attractions of Cessnock are in the surrounding regions. Best to drive or take the hop-on hop-off service.

See
There are a number of historically interesting buildings built between the turn of the century and the second world war that survive in the centre of Cessnock. A walking tour brochure is available from the internet cafe on the main street.

Cessnock can also be used as a base from which the surrounding vineyards can be explored. For information on the vineyards, visit the Tourist Information Centre on Wine Country Drive, Pokolbin, and be sure to pick up a free copy of the official Hunter Valley guide which lists most of the vineyards, restaurants and other attractions and includes a detailed map of the area.

Do
Cessnock is in the heart of the Hunter Valley wine-producing region, so most visitors end up doing tours of the vineyards. Most vineyards allow tourists to casually turn up and start tasting, however an organised tour is recommended. These tours tend to be in small groups, and have the advantage of coming with a designated driver!

The town of Cessnock is a good place to access basic services before heading into the vineyards. Banks, cheap lunches and internet access are all available on the main street, and two supermarkets stocking a wide variety of food and other necessities are also located in the centre of the town. A number of motels are also located along the main street of Cessnock which, while basic, are much more affordable than the accommodation available in Pokolbin and should be considered by anyone travelling on a budget.

As well as visiting the vineyards, visitors to Cessnock can take a hot air balloon ride over the town and Pokolbin, skydive, play aqua golf, go clay pigeon shooting, watch glass blowing, dine in one of Pokolbin's award-winning restaurants, take a horse and buggy ride, visit one of Pokolbin's boutique art galleries, visit a gourmet cheese factory or shop at one of Pokolbin's many boutiques.

Eat
PEDENS HOTEL in Vincent Street provides excellent food.. They cater for vegetarian and gluten free if requested. Bookings advisable on Friday, Saturday and Sunday nights. Children welcome. Located next to The Performimg Arts Centre. Parking out the back. However, the best food in the Hunter Valley can arguably be found in Pokolbin's restaurants, most of which are a short drive or taxi ride from Cessnock. Alternatively, try Panino's excellent restaurant at Wollombi. For a delicious coffee and snack or lunch try GRICES BAKERY in Vincent street. Very popular with locals. Cash only but there are ATMs across the road at the Commonwealth Bank.

Drink
Vincent Street is home to a number of pubs. An excellent one to attend is Pedens Hotel. Great food and live entertainment. In general, these are best avoided on Friday and Saturday nights as the crowd can be rough and fights are not uncommon. However, Bellbird pub as well as Ellalong and Paxton are excellent country-style watering holes.

Sleep
There are a number of inexpensive motels on Wollombi Road, Vincent Street and Wine Country Drive. In general, these are basic but affordable and should be considered by any traveller visiting the area on a budget, as the accommodation available in Pokolbin and the vineyards can be extremely expensive. Unless there is a festival or concert in Pokolbin, it is not generally necessary to book at one of these motels in advance.

There are also a number of bed and breakfasts in the area, particularly in Nulkaba, which is a five-minute drive from Cessnock or a thirty-minute walk along Wine Country Drive. Nulkaba House in particular is beautiful. Alternatively, in historic Wollombi village, just a 15-minute drive from Pokolbin, you have a range of gorgeous, quaint and very reasonably priced B&Bs to choose from including Capers, Wild Edge Retreat, Wombledown Cottage, and at Laguna, Mulla Villa. Cedar Creek Cottages are said by the Rough Guide to be the best value in the Hunter. Their self sufficient cottages are located on a beautiful 550 acre farm and vineyard at Cedar Creek, halfway between Wollombi and Pokolbin. Lovedale is also a beautiful area with some great places to stay.

The Wine Country Motor Inn is a motel located on the Supporters' Club complex, centrally located near the CBD of Cessnock. Perfect for those who like to watch footy and relax with a bourbon and coke.

A new backpacker's hostel has also opened in neighbouring Nulkaba, on Wine Country Drive. You can reach the hostel by taxi or bus or, if you are feeling energetic, it is a thirty-minute walk from Cessnock.

Go next
There are a number of things to do around Cessnock: Since the completion of the new expressway visitors to Cessnock have a quicker access to other areas of the Hunter Valley. Base yourself in Cessnock and enjoy a day trip to the Hunter.
 * Winetasting, skydiving, visiting galleries and shops, clay pigeon shooting, horse and buggy rides, aqua golf, hot air balloon rides, horse riding and restaurant dining in Pokolbin
 * Visit the beach, historic Fort Scratchley, the cafes and boutiques on Darby Street, the art gallery and the restaurants at Honeysuckle in Newcastle
 * Day trip to the historic village of Wollombi - get off the beaten path and experience true country hospitality. Wine taste at Stonehurst (94 points-James Halliday),visit the historic cemetery, lunch at the excellent cafes or old pub and visit Wollombi's tiny museum.
 * Antique shopping in Morpeth, just outside of Maitland.

title: Cessnock


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Cetinje

Cetinje is the historic capital of Montenegro. The city is of enormous historical and spiritual value to Montenegro. During the siege of the Ottoman empire, Montenegro itself had, at numerous times, been reduced to just Cetinje and its surroundings.

Understand
Cetinje is a town of 19,000 located in the small valley under the Lovćen mountain. It was founded in the 15th century by Ivan Crnojevic. His son founded the first printing house in the South Slavs - about the time the Columbus discovered America! Due to the strategic nature of Montenegro, it being an independent state on the border of the Ottoman Empire, all of the major European powers had an embassy in Cetinje. For this reason the town has a continental style old town located a thousand miles away from any of the continental cities that the architecture is representative of. It is very much the spiritual heart of Montenegro.

By plane
Podgorica airport is some 50 km away, and has flights throughout the year to Belgrade, Budapest, Zurich, Frankfurt, Ljubljana, Paris, Rome and Vienna.

Tivat Airport is at the same distance, approximately an hour's ride from Cetinje. During the summer season, there are about ten flights a day to mostly European cities.

By bus
Maybe the best way to get to Cetinje. It is less than hour drive from both Podgorica and Budva. Buses to domestic destinations are very frequent despite the fact that the bus station does not have a ticket counter (you can always buy your ticket on the bus though!).

By car
All roads in Montenegro are two-laned only, and mostly curvy mountainous roads, so speeds over 70 km/h (43 mph) are rarely legal, and rarely safe.

The road from Kotor to Cetinje is a curvy, mountainous road, and mist or ice are not uncommon. The road from Budva to Cetinje is in relatively good condition with 3 lanes in some parts. The road from Podgorica to Cetinje is in fairly good condition.

Get around
Cetinje, especially the historical center of the city, is small enough, and everything is within walking distance.

See

There is a cumulative €20 ticket that allows you to visit all the museums in Cetinje plus the Mausoleum of Petar II Petrovic-Njegos in Lovcen National Park.

Do
Visiting Cetinje is really about understanding Montenegro and its history.

Buy
If you are looking for a genuine Montenegrin souvenir - Cetinje is the town! Other than that, Cetinje is not really a shopping resort, leave that for coastal towns or Podgorica.

Eat
Cetinje is the right town to try out traditional Montenegrin cuisine. Despite the name of the country, make sure you try the excellent Adriatic fish and seafood.

Excellent fish and seafood

As in the rest of former Yugoslavia, you can try njeguški pršut (smoked ham) and njeguški cheese. The main courses are boiled lamb, lamb cooked in milk, cicvara in fresh milk cream (buttered corn porridge), boiled potato with cheese and fresh cream (kajmak).

Drink
Montenegrin quality wine is a must-try. The best known Montenegrin wines are the premium "Vranac", "Pro Corde", "Krstač", "Cabernet", "Chardonnay" and the famous home made Crmničko red wine.

Grape brandy (rakija) "Montenegrin loza", "Prvijenac", "Kruna" or home made grape brandy (lozova rakija, lozovaca) is also great.

Sleep
You cannot find private rooms in Cetinje as easily as in other, more touristic, Montenegrin towns. There are two places that offer rooms for rent next to the bus station (you need to go left from the bus station and then take the first right). Once you get there you will need to call the owners the phone, because they're usually not there. The rooms are really nice and cost €12-15 per person.

Go next

 * Lovćen National Park
 * Njeguši, picturesque old Montenegrin village, and the Njegoš's birthplace.
 * Rijeka Crnojevića, small village on the river of the same name. Great place for a one-day trip, as they have a few excellent restaurants.
 * Budva
 * Kotor
 * Bar

title: Cetinje


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Cetona

Cetona is a medieval city in Siena in Tuscany.

Understand
Originally inhabited by Etruscans and Romans, Cetona developed on a hillside around a fortress, which is still privately owned today. In the 14th Century it was ruled by Siena and Orvieto until 1354, and, after a brief rule by Perugia, was annexed by Siena, which strengthened its fortifications.

Get in
By car Cetona is easily accessible by taking the A1 Autostrada from Rome or Florence, leaving at Chiusi. There are also rail connections through Chiusi.

Go next
Cetona is a convenient base for trips into southern Tuscany and Umbria. Interesting day trips could include Lake Trasimeno, Perugia, Orvieto and Montepulciano. Chiusi is a short distance away.

title: Cetona


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Ceuta

Ceuta (Arabic: سبتة (Sabtah), Berber: Sebta) is one of two Spanish exclaves in North Africa (the other one being Melilla). The territory had several rulers before the Portuguese in 1415 took control of this city east of Tangier. Since 1580 it has been under Spanish administration, but has the status of an autonomous city.

Understand
Ceuta and Melilla were in the spotlight in 2005 because hundreds of people were trying to climb over the border fences. As a part of Spain, Ceuta is a safe haven for Africans and a prime target for migrants. Today the border is heavily protected by the Guardia Civil. The European Union invested a lot of money to make illegal immigration more difficult.

Tourist information

 * Ceuta Tourism website

By sea
Ceuta is almost directly south of the autonomous city of Gibraltar, and is easily accessible from mainland Spain (from Algeciras) by high speed ferries. There are three companies operating the line: Balearia, FRS and Trasmediterranea with a total of over ten departures per day. Tickets for "pedestrians" cost €30-35 (as of Jun 2023) for a one- to one-and-a-half-hour trip. There are discounts for Ceuta residents and surcharges for bringing a car, motorcycle, or bicycle.

Cruise ships visit, but only very occasionally and usually dock within a few blocks of the easily-walked town.

By road
By land, Ceuta is only accessible from Morocco. It is much easier to go to Ceuta from Tetouán rather than from Tangier, as most buses from Tangier go through Tetouan anyway before heading north to Fnideq.

From Tetouan get a grand taxi near the CTM station to the town closest to Ceuta - Fnideq, 15 dirham, 40 km, 1 hr; or catch a busy Tetouan's city bus #8, departures are every 15-30 min, sometimes up to 60 min. From Fnideq take a grand taxi to the border (5 dirham).

From Tangier's bus station there are a half dozen direct buses to Fnideq (operated by Tingis Transport company), otherwise you'll have to make a detour via Tetouan.

Crossing the border
You will need a passport to cross in either direction and official ID to book passage between mainland Spain and Ceuta. Rules for immigration are the same as for Spain. Ferry ticket salesmen have been known to sell tickets without requiring the proper identification, but security at the port going from Ceuta back to Algeciras can be much more strict. Spanish citizens and EU nationals (if their state issues them) need only their national ID cards, or DNI, but non-EU citizens will require their passports to return. Just because you are not leaving the country of Spain doesn't mean you shouldn't carry your passport.

The increased border security may result in minor waiting time. This could be longer if you travel in summer when the main holiday season in Spain and France starts and lots of families return to their homes in Morocco. There seem to be separate queues for Moroccans and foreigners at many border crossings, ports, and security checks. If you find yourself stuck in an extremely slow moving queue and do not look Moroccan, try getting noticed by an officer. You may be ushered past the queue and processed very quickly.

If you are travelling by bus or taxi, you may consider taking an infrequent bus from the border to the city walls or even a little further downtown, €0.85. Line #7 terminates at the border. You can however, also walk along the busy coastal road for slightly more than 2 km and enjoy the views.

By plane
Unlike Melilla, Ceuta does not have an airport on Spanish territory. The closest airport is in Tetouan, Morocco (which naturally involves entering Morocco and crossing the border). A wider selection of flights is available from Tangier's airport.

However, Ceuta has a heliport where Helity Copter Airlines operates 5 daily flights to Malaga, 30 min, €190 and 5 flights to Algeciras, 10 min, €90 (prices as of Jan 2023).

Get around
Ceuta is a tiny city. Best way around is by bike or on foot. The area near the waterfront and shopping area is nicely landscaped and attractive considering the heavy traffic supported.

There are taxis available. Make sure they use the meter or negotiate a price before you get in.

In addition to the standard taxi rates, they also offer a set 'recorrido turistico' (taxi tour) that lasts between 1 and 2 hours for a fixed fee of €38.40 (per car up to 4 passengers), which is displayed on the rate card stuck to the dashboard. It covers a loop around the whole of Ceuta.

There is a decent bus service run by Autobuses Hadu Almadraba S. L. with modern and spacious buses running around the city with stops at the border with Morocco (look for a bus marked "Frontera"). All bus lines leave from "Plaza de la Constitución".

Talk
As Ceuta is part of Spain, Spanish is the official language and is spoken by the majority of the population. Arabic is spoken by the Moroccan minority.

See
The area hosts a few churches, and fortifications for those interested in Euro-African history and governmental relations. The centre and waterfront are remarkably clean and attractive with safe walking, and feature many stores and cafés.

Do
There are lovely beaches and desert areas to explore.

Buy
Ceuta is no longer a free port. The city was a free port before Spain joined the European Union in 1986; now it has a low-tax system. You will see that the economy of this city focuses on people transiting to/from Morocco and one-day shopping tourists. Offerings range from footpath hawkers and kiosks, to modest stores (with goods you'd expect from the types of visitors noted above), to fine jewellers and an El Corte Ingles department store.

Eat
In the city, there are two main types of cuisine: Moroccan and seafood, both of which can be found in many restaurants.

Moroccan cuisine includes many spices, herbs and combines sweet with salty. Specialities include couscous, tajines with raisons and almonds, and small pastries

Offerings range from pavement cafés and a drive-in McDonalds to a few fine restaurants.

Budget
All these are in the city centre:

Drink
Ceuta is a great city to go out. There are several pubs and clubs and a great tapas route.

Go next

 * Algeciras (Cádiz) in Spain
 * Melilla — the second Spanish exclave on the northern coast of Morocco
 * Tetouan in Morocco

title: Ceuta


text:
Cévennes

Cévennes is a region in the Languedoc-Roussillon in France. The region is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site under the name "The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean Agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape".

Understand
The Cévennes has never been a single united geographic or administrative area.

It is divided into 5 départements and 3 regions. Their boundaries have changed greatly over the years. This mountainous chain starting at the Narouze sill and reaching the level of the Canal du Centre has often been described as the division between the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

History
The Cévennes' boundaries have changed greatly over the years. This mountainous chain starting at the Narouze sill and reaching the level of the Canal du Centre has often been described as the division between the waters of the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

However, history and culture have made a little country emerge from this vast area that is keenly aware of its identity and which the Scottish writer Stevenson named, in 1878, as "'pure bred Cévennes" or the "Cévennes from Cévennes" which has been singularised in literature, especially by Jean-Pierre Chabrol, as "La Cévenne".

The Cévennes is simultaneously a region, a culture, a memory, identities and a claim of belonging. This Cévennes only exists through the people who have made it and who perpetuate it. It is identifiable through the vectors of its character such as Protestantism, anthropisation of the landscape, chestnut trees, silk

Landscape
Mount Cévenole is a series of crests stretching from Aigoual (1,567 m) to Mont Lozère (1,702 m), its slopes covered in a vast carpet of oak and chestnut trees and shrubs.

The Cévenol hamlets and villages nestled therein are one of the region's hidden treasures. The southern flank is dotted with Mediterranean streams, natural vestiges of nature from another time, such as the Cirque de Navacelles.

To the west, the desertscape of Causse Méjan plays host to living species that thrive in a continental climate, such as bison or Przewalski horses. The gorges of the Tarn snake beneath its feet.

Cévennes National Park
Protection is the main purpose of the National Park and it involves all of its riches: flora, wild and domestic fauna, traditional architecture based on shale, limestone and granite, the culture, traditional activities.

To confirm this approach, the Park has signed the 'European sustainable tourism charter' and, as part of this, suggests that its hosts, guides and other tourist service providers are committed to the quality of their services.

They are members of the Cévennes Ecotourism association. In conjunction with its local partners, it provides the public with equipment and events that ensure an enriching exploration of the Cévennes and its residents

Cévennes Ecotourism
The Cévennes Ecotourism association is a network of business people who have decided to apply the principles of the European sustainable tourism charter in partnership with the National Park.

Owners of guest houses, gîtes, hotels, farm inns, campsites or natural and cultural sites, mountain guides or outdoor activity monitors, environmental educationists; all these people have united to help you explore Cévennes in a way that combines sensitivity with warmth.

Cévennes Ecotourism helps its members with very specific actions such that everyone can promote the values of eco-tourism: tools for exploring the natural and cultural heritage, use of eco-materials, energy saving, promotion of local products, saving jobs.

Get in
3-hour TGV from Paris, 1 hr 30 min flight from London and 2 hr 30 min drive from Barcelona.

By car

 * A61 Toulouse - Narbonne
 * A75 Montpellier - Clermont-Ferrand - Paris
 * A9 (la Languedocienne) Barcelone (Espagne)Montpellier

By train

 * TGV daily between Paris, Lille and Lyon and major cities in the Cévennes.
 * Many stations served by trains and buses of the local rail network (TER Occitanie).

By plane

 * Nimes Ales Camargue Cévennes
 * Beziers Cap d'Agde
 * Perpignan-Rivesaltes
 * Carcassonne Salvaza
 * Aveyron Rodez Marcillac
 * Fly to Montpellier

See

 * Gorges du Tarn: canyon with the river Tarn
 * Gorges de la Jonte: a smaller canyon
 * Cirque de Navacelles (near Blandas) — an amazing cirque where the road almost unbelievably descends to a tiny village
 * Mont Aigoual (mountain 1567 m; with meteorological museum and observatory)
 * l'Aven Armand, dripstone cave
 * La Grotte des Demoiselles, dripstone cave
 * Grotte de Dargilan, dripstone cave
 * Chaos de Montpellier-le-Vieux, rock formation
 * Chaos de Nîmes-le-Vieux, rock formation
 * Corniche des Cévennes
 * Circuit des Vallées Cévenoles

Drink
Cévennes wine is excellent.

title: Cévennes


text:
Cha-am

Cha-am (Thai: ชะอำ) is a small, quiet beach town on the Gulf of Thailand. If nearby Hua Hin is too crowded and noisy for you, then Cha-am is the place to go.

Understand
Cha-am is not a major tourist hub, but there is still plenty to see. A fishing village north of Ruamchi Rd features Thai shops, fishmongers and restaurants. You could spend half a day touring the area and immersing yourself in one of the town's most important industry, fishing.

Orientation
The main street, Narathip Road, runs roughly east-west from the train station to the beach. It has a range of restaurants, shops, and even bars, but is still pretty quiet, with woods mixed in here and there between the storefronts.

The beach stretches at least a couple of kilometers in either direction and is dotted with shops selling beachwear, stands selling seafood and fruit, massage parlors, restaurants, and 7-Elevens. All of these get sparse as you move away from the main street.

Get in
Hua Hin is the nearest town with good transportation connections. From Hua Hin to Cha-am you can take a taxi or songthaew. There's also a little orange bus that plies Phet Kasem Road from Phetchaburi to Hua Hin and stops in Cha-am, but it doesn't run frequently.

(also known as Ban Cha-am Station) is the most convenient train station and gets four trains a day in each direction. As of February 2020, northbound trains are scheduled at 01:39, 04:54, 06:40, 12:12, and 14:32; and southbound trains are scheduled at 11:18, 13:10, 17:23, 19:42, and 22:07. A ticket from Cha-am to Thonburi is 38 baht as of 2020. These tickets are only sold within 30 minutes of departure. Nearby on the street leading to the station are a few inexpensive restaurants – you can get lunch for 30 or 40 baht while waiting for your train.

Hua Hin train station gets more service.

Buses from Bangkok to Hua Hin may be able to stop in Cha-am if you ask.

Buy
7-Elevens and other convenience stores are plentiful. There are also a fair handful of pharmacies, supermarkets, and stores selling various household products. The selection of beachwear is not extensive. For a wider range of shopping options head to Hua Hin.

Go next

 * Hua Hin
 * Wildlife Rescue Centre and Elephant Refuge

title: Cha-am


text:
Chałupy

Chałupy is a small village and seaside resort in Pomeranian Voivodship in Poland.

By plane

 * By plane - the international Lech Walesa airport at Gdansk or the international Szczecin-Goleniow airport.

By car

 * From Gdańsk or Szczecin by the route E28 to Reda and than just north to Wladyslawowo by the 216. From Wladyslawowo east along the Hel Peninsula.

By train
Polregio operates several trains per day from Gdansk via Sopot and Gdynia. Trains continue to Hel at the end of the peninsula. In summer with bike coach.

By bus

 * See PKS

Get around
The sea resort is not quite big, so you can easily walk on foot or rent a bike. As it is situated on the Hel Peninsula its not easy to get lost.

See
The big, wide, clean beach on Baltic-side, the pine-woods in the sand-dunes outside of town. A trip to the residential areas of nearby Jastarnia.

Do
Various Water-Sports (inexpensive) Sightseeing plane flights out of Wladyslawowo or Jastarnia.

Eat
Mostly just modest outdoor cafes and fast-food; but there are one or two smaller restaurants in town, and some modern seafood restaurants just outside of town on the main road.

Drink
The night life is pretty much about the outdoor beergardens on the campgrounds, and sometimes there are big tents set up by beer sponsors in town and on the baltic-side beach.

Sleep
There are a lot of campgrounds that start at the edge of town. They are on the bay side of the peninsula.

Go next
Gdańsk Bay:

 * Pommeranian metropol Gdańsk with a beautiful old town and the biggest gothic brick church worldwide
 * sea resort Sopot with the longest European mole
 * sea resort and port Gdynia with the biggest Baltic port
 * sea resort Puck

Vistula Bay:

 * medieval town of Elblag
 * sea resort and medieval town of Frombork with the grave of Nicolaus Copernicus
 * sea resort Kadyny with one of the best European studs

Kashubian Coast:

 * Slowinski Nationalpark with the biggest dunes in Europe
 * sea resort Rowy
 * sea resort Leba
 * sea resort Jastrzebia Gora
 * sea resort Rozewie
 * sea resort Wladyslawowo

On the Hel Peninsula:

 * sea resort Jastarnia
 * sea resort Jurata
 * sea resort Hel

On the Vistula Peninsula:

 * sea resort Krynica Morska

title: Chałupy


text:
Chacala

Chacala is a village in the Nayarit Region of Mexico. Chacala is built around the beach, a handsome half-mile crescent of jungle-adjacent sand. Chacala is known for its physical beauty, unhurried lifestyle.

Understand
At the southern end of the beach, gentle surf murmurs over black volcanic rocks. In the middle of the crescent, a half-dozen palm-shaded restaurants serve fresh fish and shrimp (and keep a machete on hand for those new-fallen coconuts). To the north, two dozen battered fishing boats are tied to a modest dock.

The name means "where there are shrimp" in Náhuatl, and is part of the coastline known as the Riviera Nayarita. The population consists of approximately 300 full-time residents, but can swell to over 1000 during Mexico's most popular vacation periods such as Semana Santa, (Easter Week) and Christmas.

Climate
Chacala's climate is tropical, hot and humid, characterized by high rainfall – the fifth highest in the country, averaging 1000-1500 mm (40-60 in) per annum. The rains are concentrated in periods of brief intense thunderstorms, often occurring in the afternoons, most during the summer wet season between May and October, although a lesser but significant winter wet season exists as well. The wet seasons are separated by spring and fall dry seasons.

Get in
Chacala lies on Mexico's Pacific Coast, about 100 km north of Puerto Vallarta and six miles off Highway 200. From the Puerto Vallarta airport, visitors can rent a car (most major agencies are represented) or take a taxi, which costs about US$90 for the 90-minute ride.

From Guadalajara, it is 250 km to Chacala via a new toll highway (MEX-15D) for most of the trip. At Los Grande, the highway will split and you need to stay on federal highway MEX-15, which is an older but free highway that will take you all the way to Chacala (via Compostela). The trip will take about 2 hours.

By bus
From Guadalajara, Estrella Blanca has two buses per day departing from the Central de Autobuses Zapopan to Las Varas (a 10-minute taxi ride to Chacala). The 2-hour trip will cost about M$300.

Surfing
Chacala is not regarded as a "surfer beach" because the beaches close to town are fairly mild without consistent waves or natural breaks that would challenge an avid surfer. The best surf spots are accessible by boat and pangas at the waterfront can be hired to take you to the remote jungle beaches where the surfers hang out.

 * La Caleta is the best surfing spot in Chacala and is widely regarded as one of the best and most popular in the state of Nayarit. The beach offers a deep water peak and exceptional walls and is very well suited to longboard riders. Wear foot protection because the sharp volcanic rock bottom is covered with urchins. La Caleta is about a 15-minute boat ride from the Chacala waterfront.

Go next

 * Puerto Vallarta
 * Compostela
 * Ixtlán del Rio

title: Chacala


text:
Chacaltaya

Chacaltaya is in the La Paz Department of Bolivia. This mountain, at an altitude of 5486 m, has beautiful views and what was once the world's highest ski area. However, the snow disappeared due to climate change and the ski resort is now abandoned, leaving behind an eerily-beautiful mountain ghost town.

Landscape
Going up to the mountain you'll see the earth change to every color imaginable, with the towering peaks of Huayna Potosi, Illimani and Mururata seemingly within reach. This is a mining area and the many different metals in the ground makes for the colorful scenery. In the distance you'll see El Alto and La Paz and, on clear days, even Volcan Sajama.

Flora and fauna
Domestic llamas, sheep and alpacas are plentiful and makes the otherwise dry and desertlike area come to life. Drive slowly as the animals often tend to jump in front of the car.

Climate
Winter is dry and sunny, although it turns very cold as soon as the sun is obscured by the odd cloud or mountain. Summer is wet season with snow and clouds lowering the daytime temperature.

See

 * From the summit there are great views of the 6088 m Huayna Potosi.
 * La Paz and El Alto glowing in the night is a spectacular sight if staying overnight.

Sleep
Putting up a tent is possible, but it might take a while to find a good spot among the rocks. Water is available by melting snow from the glacier or from the refugio. El Alto is the nearest place to stock up on food.

Stay safe
Weather is the biggest issue up here. Warm clothing is a good idea for a day trip. A good sleeping bag and sturdy tent are musts for camping. In the wet season snow can make the road dangerous.

Go next

 * Walk to Huayna Potosi. Bring full camping equipment and detailed maps from IGM (See Maps under La Paz section). The trek is possible to do in one day with the night spent in refugio Huayna Potosi. If attempting this without gear, be sure to know the way and to be adjusted to the altitude.

title: Chacaltaya


text:
Chachapoyas

Chachapoyas is a city in the Northern Sierra region of Peru.

Get in
It is possible to fly from Lima directly to Chachapoyas, or to Jaén or Tarapoto.

Flights to Tarapoto can be as cheap as $30, but it is eight hours away from Chachapoyas. Jaen is slightly more expensive ($50) to fly to, but is just four hours from Chachapoyas and has 2 daily flights with Latam. The bus is not cheaper if you book flights in advance.

As of 2022, ATSA has direct flights to Chachapoyas once daily from Lima that cost $70 each way if booked in advance.

Movil Tours has direct buses Lima/Chachapoyas that pass through & leave Chiclayo.

Civa has daily bed buses from Lima taking about 22 hours with movies and meals furnished on board like Movil Tours. Cost is about US$45 one way from Lima.

Zelada offers daily service at a bit of a discount, and Paredes Estrella has a bed bus, but you must get off at Pedro Ruis and take a combi leaving about every hour for a 2-hour trip for about $2.

Most of the bus stations are in La Victoria a walk apart, but to get downstairs for a "full bed" you may need to buy your ticket in the day on the double deck bus to reserve. These leave in the evening, so with a sleeping pill, the long trip isn't bad at all. Take a throw or blanket for the night.

There are nightly service from Trujillo (4PM) and Chiclayo (7PM and 8PM) & arrive in Chachapoyas around 5AM. Civa three times a week from Lima and nightly from Chiclayo. Transervis Kuelap and Transportes Zelada have nightly buses from Chiclayo.

A more arduous route takes 2 days from Vilcabamba & Zumba in Ecuador crosses the frontier at Balsas & goes via San Ignacio to Chachapoyas.

You can also arrive from Tarapoto to the east. Getting down from the buses in Pedro Ruiz and catching local transport for the final leg up to Chachapoyas.

Theres´s only one daily service from Cajamarca leaving at 4:30AM with Virgen del Carmen (S/50 one way, May 2014), Movil tours has discontinued its more comfortable service. This is a spectacular road to travel and in a big bus definitely not for the faint-hearted.

Get around
There are daily vans & taxis from Chachapoyas to Kuelap, Leymebamba and Luya. Most leave from their respective stations 2 to 3 blocks from the main square.

See

 * Kuelap - an ancient stone city with walls up to 12 m high - the largest pre-Inca ruins in South America. Some older information you may find says that you need to walk for several hours to get there but there is now better access by car, and even better, a newly finished (2017) cable car. Cable car ticket (S/26 as of May 2024) sales is slightly above Nuevo Tingo (walkable but a bit up hill for 300m), where you board a frequent bus that goes to Platform 1, and a thrilling 20 minute ride across the large valley that offers spectacular view over the entire landscape, with the highest distance from the ground sitting at a whopping 220 meters, saving you a 2 hour journey around this deep gorge. Once on Platform 2, it is a newly constructed visitor center with bathrooms, souvenir stands, intepretation center, and a restaurant. Here you can also hire a horse (S/25 each way) up to Kuelap entrance. Recent collapse on the south wall in 2020 resulted in a different approach to the city, which involves a 1.5km walk, mostly uphill that takes around 30 minutes. A guide hire is recommended as there is no information board anywhere inside the ruins, and each group is limited to 12 and the entire circuit is roped to restrict movement and damage. Day tours are available from Chachapoyas on a daily basis (S/100).
 * Karajia - anthropormorphic sarcophagi built on a narrow cliff ledge. Tours (~S/90 as of May 2024, infrequent tours offered by Turismo Explorer, said to be 2-3 times a week) combine this with a trip to Pueblo de los Muertos (Town of the Dead), another site with several different types of sarcophagi built on cliff sides, along with houses. (As of 2024 the tour no longer offers the walk to see the sarcophagi in this site, only taking you to the viewing platform perched on top of the cliffs around 200 meters away. Then lunch in Lamud, and then continue to Karajia for the famous sarcophagi.) The walk to Karajia proper is 1.5 kilometres but quite steep. Horses can be hired for S/20 from the village of Trita, where you disembark from the tour van. If it's raining then the Pueblo is inaccessible and Quiocta Cavern is used as an alternative.
 * Revash - cliff tombs that look like small houses with many pictographs.
 * Museum of Leymebamba - houses and cares for 219 mummies and thousands of artifacts recovered from cliff tombs in 1997. Turismo Explorer is an agency in central Chachapoyas that offers a day trip (~S/90 as of May 2024, combined with Revash), but is very infrequent, said to be around once per week. Ask ahead of time.
 * Gran Vilaya - a popular trekking route through cloud forest.
 * Tajopampa - cliff tomb sites.
 * Gocta Waterfalls -Measured in 2004 as 711m high, Gocta is likely Peru's most impressive waterfall. Easily visited as a day trip from Chachapoyas or by overnighting in the villages of Cocachimba or San Pablo (Peru). Day trips available as a tour from Chachapoyas operated by various agencies situated at Plaza de Armas (~S/90 as of May 2024, guide, lunch, entrance and transport included), beginning around 9AM till 5:30PM. Hike goes up, then downhill for 2km, and then up for another 1km, finishing with a relatively flat 2km section, around 5.5km each way from center of Cocachimba. Horses can be hired but the last 30 minutes has to be walked still. A fast hiker can finish this return journey in 3.5 hours, while a normal speed would entail around 5 hours. Tours end with lunch after return to Cocachimba, around 3PM.
 * Yumbilla (895m), Chinata (540m) and other large waterfalls near the villages of Cuispes or San Carlos (Peru).

Tours
There are several tour agencies, many located on the Plaza. They all offer identical itineraries for around the same price, but each runs their own tours so the quality of guides and drivers may vary - ask around.
 * The agency located in Hostal Amazonas was very good, the woman there is quite nice and Carlos, the guide, was excellent - knowledgeable and very friendly.
 * Turismo Explorer on the Plaza de Armas is well run by Jose. Highly recommended
 * Before you pay for a tour, you may wish to meet the guide, the morning of your tour to ensure yourself that he actually can speak your language. Some agencies such as Andes Tours, operating from the Hotel Revash, will tell you what you want to hear just to sell their products. They do not always deliver what they say they will.

Do
There are many agencies and guides available, and trekking offers from the 1-day trip to Gocta (a 6-hr walk there and back) to a 4-5-days trip visiting other archaeological sites.

Turismo Explorer does day trips and a trek to Gran Vilaya. Vilaya Tours higher end tours and treks all around the Chachapoyas area.

Tourist Week is the first week in June, with a large parade from many villages of all the provinces of Amazonas participating on the Sunday. Lots of traditional clothes and customs to be seen.

The Patron Saint of Chachapoyas is the Virgin of Asunta and they celebrate the festival in Her honor during the first two weeks of August.

Sleep
There are many hotels and hostels in the budget and mid-range categories within two blocks of the main plaza.

Go next
Kuelap on your own account. There is no public transport (combis) from Chachapoyas to Kuelap. You can take a public combi to nearby Pueblo Maria (about 2 hours travel)and from there follow the road to Kuelap, an easy 2 hours walk. You may find a taxi in Pueblo Maria but do not count on that. Combis and colectivos to Pueblo Maria leave Chachapoyas early in the morning (around 5AM), look for the office of Roller´s two blocks down from the plaza, passing the market. At Pueblo Maria you can stay the night in one of the several rooms made for visitors by villagers. There are several restaurants as well at Pueblo Maria (good trout). You can go back to Chachapoyas by public combi or walk down to the village of Tingo which lies halfway on the road between Chachapoyas and Leymebamba. The walk from Kuelap is interesting but quite long, going down about 1,500 meters (5,000 feet). About 2 to 3 hours walking. There is a basic hotel in Tingo and 2 restaurants and a hospedaje. In Tingo you can pick up a bus or combi to travel on to Leymebamba (about 70 minutes) or Chachapoyas (about an hour). Combis to Chachapoyas pass by around 6AM.

You can also go from Tingo to Leymebamba picking up one of the combis or the micro passing at about 1PM, 3PM and 5PM.

A few companies (e.g., Rojas, Virgen del Carmen) run daily minibuses from Chachapoyas via Leymebamba and Celendín to Cajamarca and vice versa. From Chachapoyas, the bus takes about 9 hours to reach Celendín. From there you may need to transfer to a bus to Cajamarca (2.5 hours) depending on the company. The journey is an unforgettable experience during the day (the earliest bus leaves around 04:00), crossing the two kilometre-deep canyon of the Marañon river – book as early as possible to reserve the seat next to the driver. The road is fully paved but only a single lane.

As of May 2024, Virgen del Carmen only departs Chachapoyas at 7PM, making the journey to Cajamarca in the dark. Instead, one can opt for combi from Rojas, departing Chachapoyas terminal at 6:30AM, 12:30PM and 5:30PM, taking 2 hours to reach Leymebamba's Plaza de Armas, then continue for an additional 5 hours to Celendin (there are additional frequencies that terminate at Balsas). It is possible to book ahead by stopping by their office in Chachapoyas, Leymebamba, or Celendin, or contact 968 915 040. Make sure to reserve the seat in the front as the seats in the back can be very uncomfortable, at strange angles or just cramped. Another company called Reymi Express also operate this route with similar time and frequency.

title: Chachapoyas


text:
Chachoengsao

Chachoengsao is a town in eastern Thailand, due east of Bangkok, about 80 km distant.

Understand
Chachoengsao, Paet Rio, has a history dating back to the reign of King Borommatrailokkanat in the Ayutthaya period. Most people have settled by the Bang Pakong River and along canals. "Luangpho Phuttha Sothon" is a centre of faith of the people of Paet Rio. In the past, Chachoengsao was a fourth class city under the ministry of defence. During the reign of King Rama I, it was attached to the ministry of the interior. During the reign of King Rama V, who changed the administration system, Chachoengsao became a city in the Prachin Buri Circle. In 1916, its status was changed from a city to a province. "Chacheongsao" is a Khmer word which means "deep canal". The name "Paet Rio" comes from the story that the city once teemed with giant snakehead fish; up to eight cuts were required on the sides in the making of sun-dried fish.

By car
From Bangkok, there are three routes:
 * 1) Take Hwy 304 (Bangkok – Min Buri – Chachoengsao), a distance of 75 km.
 * 2) Take Hwy 34 (Bang Na – Trat Road) and change to Hwy 314 (Bang Pakong – Chachoengsao), a distance of 90 km.
 * 3) Take Hwy 3 (past Samut Prakan and Bang Pakong) and change to Hwy 314, a distance of 100 km.

By bus
There is an air-conditioned bus service from the Northern Bus Terminal (Mo Chit) on Kamphaeng Phet II Road between the hours of 05:20–18:00. The bus leaves every 30 minutes. The journey takes about one hour and 20 minutes, using the motorway. For more information, contact the Chachoengsao Transport Company Limited (Kamphaeng Phet II Road) at Tel. +66 29 364041, 08 9748 1349, or the Northern Bus Terminal (Kamphaeng Phet II Road) at Tel. 0 2936 2852 – 66 ext. 311, 442.

Additionally, visitors can travel from the Eastern Bus Terminal (Ekamai). There is a bus service from 05:00-21:30. For further details, contact the Chachoengsao Transport Company Limited (Ekamai) at Tel. 0 2712 1018, 08 9749 1336, the Eastern Bus Terminal (Ekamai) at Tel. 0 2391 2504, the Chachoengsao Transport Company Limited (Chachoengsao) at Tel. 08 9752 9200, or the Chachoengsao Bus Terminal at Tel. 0 3851 4482.

A 1st class bus service connects Chachoengsao directly with Bangkok's Suvarnabhumi Airport.

By train
Train service runs from Bangkok's Hualamphong station to Chachoengsao. There are 11 trains a day. The first train departs at 05:55 and the last train leaves at 18:25. For more information call Tel. 1690, +66 2 2204334, or contact the Chachoengsao Railway Station at Tel. +66 38 511007.

Get around
There are not many buses around town (the occasional one around the two main roads). The main transport is songthaew and tuk-tuk.

By songthaew
These are covered pick-up trucks with two benches in the back, and indeed the name means "two benches" in Thai. Seen everywhere, to board one just put your arm out and look at the driver, who will stop. Ring the buzzer (located in the roof) to stop anywhere on the route. There is at least one section near the market that they can't stop, so be patient. The driver will pull over, let you out, and then you pay him from the passenger window. Price as of 2007 is five baht for students and seven baht for adults (any distance in one direction).

The different lines are colour-coded; most start/end or at least pass through the main city market area.

 * Yellow - from/to the train and bus stations, down the main road of Sri Sothorn
 * White - from the main city market towards Bang Kaew district
 * Blue - from the road in front of Wat Sothorn to the city market (and beyond?)
 * Red - from the market, across the river and to Don Thong school area in peak times, and beyond at other times
 * Orange - from the market, across the river and down the highway

By tuk-tuk
The guys are genuinely nice. There's no over-charging, no taking you to see any attraction, only genuine transport. Tuk-tuks hang out at the bus/train stations, the two main supermarkets in town and the city market area. They can also be hailed from anywhere along the streets. You need to know basic Thai directions (turn left/right) and/or have your destination written or spoken in Thai, but they are very friendly with foreigners attempting to communicate. Basic fare will at 30 baht and usually go no higher than 50 baht (unless the distance is extremely long or a stop-over or return trip).

See

 * Wat Saman Rattanaram. A giant pink statue of a Hindu deity is the main attraction at this temple. There are also many areas and opportunities to 'make merit', and a few coffee shops and restaurants around.
 * Wat Saman Rattanaram. A giant pink statue of a Hindu deity is the main attraction at this temple. There are also many areas and opportunities to 'make merit', and a few coffee shops and restaurants around.
 * Wat Saman Rattanaram. A giant pink statue of a Hindu deity is the main attraction at this temple. There are also many areas and opportunities to 'make merit', and a few coffee shops and restaurants around.

Buy
The main city market runs every day with raw and cooked food, clothes and basic needs.

There is a Thursday afternoon/night market which is very popular with the locals. Taking the blue songthaew (out of town) from in front of Wat Sothorn, it's about 300-500m. You won't see much of the market from the road as it's down a side street (to the right). You may see an ornate wood lace carving shop on the right.

 * Big C
 * Big C 2
 * Makro
 * Robinson's Lifestyle Centre
 * Home Pro
 * Eastern Complex Shopping Mall

Go next

 * Bangkok
 * Pattaya
 * Rayong

title: Chachoengsao


text:
Chaco

You may be looking for:

 * Chaco, a region of Argentina
 * Chaco, a region of Bolivia occupying parts of the Cochabamba and Santa Cruz departments
 * Chaco, a region of Paraguay
 * Chaco, a province in the Chaco region of Argentina
 * Chaco Culture National Historical Park, a unit of the United States national park system in New Mexico

title: Chaco


text:
Chaco (Argentina)

The Argentinian Chaco is a region in the north of Argentina. It is the Argentinian portion of the Chaco, a South American region that includes parts of Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil. In Argentina, the Chaco is bordered by Paraguay and Bolivia in the north and by the Mesopotamia region in the east, by the Pampas region in the south, and by the Andean Northwest region in the west. In Argentina, the Chaco includes part of the provinces of Chaco, Córdoba, Formosa, Salta, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, and Tucumán.

Other destinations
If you like canoeing, you can sail the Bermejo or Pilcomayo rivers and the White Lake.

There are also aboriginal communities, like Pilaga, wichi, guaraní and chiriguano, which can be visited by tourists. Women produce excellent crafts, tapestry, basketmaking, wood carving, pottery, etc.

National parks and reserves

 * Parque Nacional Rio Pilcomayo, near Clorinda, is worth a visit.
 * Reserva Natural Formosa, in the extreme west of the province near Ingeniero Juarez.
 * Bañado La Estrella, a wetland near the Pilcomayo river, with lots of colorful birds. Best accessed with a guide or tour operator. It is home to a lot of animals and plants. You can sail or sail in it surrounded by alligators.

Understand
Formosa Province has a population of 530,000. The province still consists partially of impenetrable forest where pumas, jaguars, alligators, and deer roam. The flora is very colorful, and includes many varieties of orchids. Unfortunately, some of the former quebracho tree forests have given way to large cotton plantations. Although the inhabitants refer to the interior as monte (mountain), the whole province territory is mostly flat. Some aboriginal tribes from the Chaco still live in communities in the interior of the province.

Climate
Formosa has a tropical climate. Winter is the dry period, which can last up to six months, at the end of which the rain comes down like a tropical deluge. Summer can be extremely hot with temperatures rising to 50°C (120°F). The best time to visit Formosa is during the winter months of June, July, and up to mid-August.

Get around
While not connected to the national passenger railway network, Trenes Argentinos operates a few commuter lines within the state. There are 1-3 departures every day and the train can be useful for reaching some smaller towns.

title: Chaco (Argentina)


text:
Gran Chaco (Paraguay)

The Paraguayan Chaco is a region covering the western half of Paraguay. It is the Paraguayan portion of the Chaco, a South American region that includes parts of Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, and Brazil. It attracts travelers who are drawn by the region’s wilderness scenery that offers the possibility of seeing many wild animals, untamed nature, indigenous culture, and several prosperous Mennonite colonies. It stretches from the river Paraguay across from Asunción to the northwestern border with Bolivia, including the departments of: The Transchaco Highway traverses the entire length of the Chaco passing through its two ecoregions – the humid Chaco, to the south, and the dry Chaco, to the north.
 * Alto Paraguay
 * Boquerón, the westernmost of the three departments of the Chaco is in some sense a unique region in Paraguay that merges clearly identifiable elements of indigenous culture, the culture of cattle ranching, ands the culture of German Mennonite immigrants who have developed an extraordinary high standard of living in their colonies established during the first half of the 20th century
 * Presidente Hayes

Boquerón

 * - The capital of Boquerón and the largest of the Mennonite colonies.
 * - The other major Mennonite colony, it's an industrial town.
 * - The smallest Mennonite colony and a very charming town.
 * - A military base town with an indigenous community that is home to one of the most beautiful indigenous celebrations in the country, the Areté Guazú held between February/March.

Understand
The humid Chaco (also known as the bajo Chaco) encompasses the southern half of Presidente Hayes department. This region is characterized by flooded savannas filled with palm trees. Further north, is the transition zone between the humid and dry Chaco, commonly known as the central Chaco. It is sparsely populated, hot, semi-arid, and featuring a desert-like environment presenting a stark contrast to the eastern half of Paraguay which is humid, largely populated, and full of rivers and streams.

The name Chaco comes from a word in Quechua, an indigenous language from the Andes and highlands of South America. The quechua word chaqu meaning "hunting land" comes probably from the rich variety of animal life present throughout the entire region.

By bus
Bus companies Stel Turismo and NASA/Golondrina offer scheduled services from Asunción to the Mennonite cities of Filadelfia, Loma Plata, and Neuland, as well as to Marsical Estigarribia. Buses depart Asunción daily at 21:00 and travel all night to reach their destinations at dawn.

By car
The Transchaco highway is the vital communication artery. It runs from Asunción all the way to the Bolivian border.

Get around
In Boquerón, public transportation is limited to a few buses travelling between the Mennonite colonies. To get to other places you will have to arrange private transportation and the use of an accredited guide is strongly recommended.

title: Gran Chaco (Paraguay)