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Kakadu National Park

A trip to the north of Australia is never complete without visiting Kakadu National Park. Sometimes colloquially called as "Australia's national park", the park is in the Northern Territory, 171 km east of Darwin and the national park is inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list. The park is one of the few listed spots both natural and cultural listed, one of only four in Australia and one of 39 anywhere in the world.

Kakadu is two very different parks, which depend based on season. During the dry season, the park's known for its many rock art, hiking trails and waterfalls are accessible, but during the wet season, the crocodiles and seeing the park via a private plane provide views of waterfalls you've probably never imagined.

Understand
The origins of the name "Kakadu" comes from Gagudju, an Aboriginal floodplain language which was one of the languages spoken in the north of the park at the beginning of the 20th century. Gagudju is no longer regularly spoken day-to-day but descendants of this language group are still living in Kakadu.

Kakadu National Park and Arnhem Land comprise more than in the northeast corner of the Northern Territory. The landscapes are diverse and set the scene for outback adventure travel, Aboriginal culture and nature activities.

Kakadu National Park is the second largest national park in Australia only behind Munga-Thirri–Simpson Desert National Park in South Australia. It contains one of the highest concentrated areas of Aboriginal rock art sites in the world; the most famous examples are at Nourlangie Rock and Ubirr.

The secret to discovering Kakadu is taking your time. You'll find stories, secrets and sights never imagined. It is impossible to appreciate the full breadth and beauty of the park in a fleeting visit – if you can afford the time, spend a week or more.

Nature and wildlife abound in this area, which is known for its level of biodiversity. Wholly Aboriginal owned land, Arnhem Land is known for its strong Aboriginal culture, towering escarpments, wild coastline, savannah woodlands, lush wetlands and prolific wildlife. Closer to Darwin is the Mary River region, home to millions of birds, saltwater crocodiles and fish, including the mighty barramundi, which makes it a fishing hot spot.

History
The park was established in 1981. It is governed by Environment Australia/Parks Australia and Aboriginal traditional land owners (the Gun-djeihmi, Kunwinjku, Krakeourtinnie and Jawoyn peoples).

Landscape
The park contains 1,980,400 hectares of wetlands and other terrain. It is Australia's second largest National Park and is approximately the size of Israel or Wales.

Biodiversity
Kakadu is home to 68 mammals (almost one-fifth of Australia’s mammals), more than 120 reptiles, 26 frogs, over 300 tidal and freshwater fish species, more than 2 000 plants and over 10 000 species of insects. It provides habitat for more than 290 bird species (over one-third of Australia’s birds). Its internationally important wetlands are a major staging point for migratory birds. Some of these species are threatened or endangered. Many are found nowhere else in the world and there are still others yet to be discovered. The Creation Ancestors gave Bininj/Mungguy a kinship system linking people to all things and the cultural responsibility to look after them all. They have always understood the biodiversity of country and their traditional ancestral knowledge is a vital part of managing Kakadu’s rich environment.

Flora and fauna
The park's wetlands provide the greatest visual pleasure. The freshwater and estuarine (saltwater) crocodiles sleep on the banks of all rivers and the many billabongs for most of the day but can also be seen floating or swimming in the water. Birdlife abounds from the stately Jabiru to the amusing "Jesus" bird (Jacana) as it steps from lily pad to lily pad. At dusk on the Yellow Water billabong (Ngurrungurrudjba), hundred of herons circle overhead landing and taking of from half-submerged trees. Ospreys sit on termite mounds or soar on high looking for prey beneath the still waters. The billabongs of the Kakadu national park are anything but "stagnant pools of water". Wallabies are very common and are often, unfortunately, seen as roadkill. Feral horses, pigs and water buffalo also roam the park. Frilled Lizards are also present but are only regularly seen during the wet season when the park is nearly inaccessible.

Six seasons of Kakadu

Throughout the year, Kakadu’s landscapes undergo spectacular changes. Bininj/Mungguy recognise six different seasons, as well as subtle variations that signpost the transition from one season to another. This knowledge of nature is fundamental to the culture of Kakadu and its people. Bininj/Mungguy have lived with the changing landscape for tens of thousands of years, adapting and using the land for food, shelter and general well−being.

Yegge

Cool weather time, May to June. The wetlands are carpeted with water lilies. Drying winds and flowering Darwin woolly butt tell Bininj/Mungguy to patchwork burn the woodlands to encourage new growth.

Wurrgeng

Early dry season, June to August Most creeks stop flowing and the floodplains quickly dry out. Magpie geese, fat and heavy after weeks of abundant food crowd the shrinking billabongs.

Gurrung

Hot dry season, August to October Hunting time for file snakes and long-necked turtles. White-breasted wood swallows arrive as thunderclouds build, signalling the return of Gunumeleng.

Gunumeleng

Pre-monsoon, October to December Streams begin to run, water birds spread out as surface water and new growth becomes widespread. Barramundi move from the waterholes downstream to the estuaries to breed.

Gudjewg

Monsoon, December to March. The heat and humidity generate an explosion of plant and animal life. Spear grass grows to over two metres tall and creates a silvery-green hue throughout the woodlands.

Banggerreng Harvest time, April. Clear skies prevail, the vast expanses of floodwater recede and streams start to run clear. Most plants are fruiting and animals are caring for their young.

Get in

Access from Darwin to Jabiru is via the Arnhem Highway. This is a good road with a speed limit on 130 km/h that is usually open all year round. Access from the south to Jabiru is via the Kakadu Highway, again usually open all year round. Check road conditions before setting off. It is around 3-4 hours drive from Darwin to Jabiru.

You can rent 2WD and 4WD cars in Darwin, with daily distance limits. Campervan rentals often don't have distance limits. A variety of coach and small group tours are also available from Darwin.

During the wet seasons, some parts of the park are not accessible by 2WD vehicles, or even not accessible at all. Check road conditions and closures in advance. This is generally not a problem during the dry season though.

Fees and permits
Unlike most national parks, fees are per person, not per vehicle. Fees in Kakadu National Park are also heavily seasonal, with different fees for the dry season, and a slightly lower fee in the wet season. The dry season is from May 15 to October 31 while the wet season is from November 1 to May 14. Passes are valid for seven days.

As of January 2022, the fees are as follows. See the park's website for up-to-date information:
 * For adults (16 and over), a pass costs $40 during the dry season, and $25 during the wet season
 * For children aged 5-15 years, a pass costs $20 during the dry season and $12.50 during the wet season
 * For families with 2 adults and 2 or more children, a pass costs $100 during the dry season, and during the wet season
 * For concession holders, a pass costs $30 during the dry season, and $19 during the wet season.

Get around
Kakadu is massive (the size of Wales), more than double the size of Yellowstone and larger than all national parks in the US. 4WD vehicles are required to enter some areas. However many spectacular and popular sites are readily accessible via good roads.

By car
Having your own vehicle is the easiest and most pleasurable option. The main tourist route is east from Darwin to Jabiru, then south-west to Cooinda, then continuing on as far as Pine Creek, with a possible deviation south to Katherine, before returning north to Darwin. Such an itinerary could be easily be covered in a few days with longer time if wanting to see things off-road.

By tour
Tours inside the park are available with the popular destinations being a day trip to Twin Falls and Jim Jim Falls. The pick-up points for these tours are typically from Jabiru and Cooinda.

Scenic flights
Scenic flights in either small, fixed-wing aircraft or helicopter are available. Air strips are at Jabiru and Cooinda.

See

 * Yellow Water, a stunning "billabong" (which is an arm of the East Alligator River) brimming with native flora and fauna. It's one of Kakadu National Park’s best known landmarks. Near the small settlement of Cooinda, Yellow Water is home to crocodiles, wild horses, buffalo and other wildlife. The billabong, which floods to join other waterways during the tropical season, also attracts millions of migratory birds each year, including jacana, egrets, jabiru, sea eagles, magpie geese and many other native species. Daily boat tours can be booked via Cooinda Lodge. For a real treat, the dawn trip is the best for bird watching and seeing the sun come up. Make sure you bring mosquito repellent.
 * Koolpin Gorge - available only through 4WD tours with a permit, but well worth it.

Do
Walking is a great way to experience Kakadu. There are many walks throughout the park, including a wide variety of short and easy day walks as well as some longer, more challenging full day walks for those who are fit. Check seasonal access.

A permit is required for overnight bushwalks. Planning is essential, as is the ability to navigate using a topographic map and a compass. The routes are unmarked, and extend through remote and rugged country with variable climatic conditions.

A small, private cruise on the Corroboree or Yellow Water Billabongs is the best way to get a very close, safe and eco-friendly look at the biggest crocodiles in the world. Most tours include an activity like this. Shady Camp, near Corroboree, is home to one of the biggest crocodiles in the park at 6 meters in length.

Boating on Kakadu’s waterways can be dangerous due to strong currents, sand bars, submerged logs and crocodiles. For this reason use of non-motorised vessels (canoes) is prohibited.

 * Yurmikmik Walks This series of interconnected walking tracks in the southern part of the park take walkers to waterfalls and swimming holes. Many walks are open all year round including the Boulder Creek Walk, Yurmikmik Lookout Walks and Motor Car Falls.
 * Mirrai Lookout Walk This moderately difficult 3.6-km return walk departs from the Mirrai carpark, 30 km south of the Bowali Visitor Centre. The walk goes to the Mount Cahill lookout and after a steep climb you'll be rewarded with unparalleled views of the Kakadu escarpment. Allow 1.5 hours.
 * Barrk Sandstone Walk This challenging, 12-km walk branches off the Nourlangie Rock lookout track, past the Main Gallery of Aboriginal rock art. It takes in the beautiful sandstone country of Nourlangie Rock and past the Nanguluwur Art Gallery. Walkers should allow 6-8 hours.
 * Merl This site in northern Kakadu is perfect for campers who want to enjoy a famous sunrise or sunset at Ubirr. It's also an ideal base for bushwalking along the East Alligator River. There are showers, toilets and a generator zone. Camping fees are collected on site.
 * Gunlom is one of Kakadu's best known attractions thanks to a superb vista across the Park from the natural swimming pools at the top of the waterfall. There is a caravan park and campsite at the bottom of the Falls with a generator area, showers and barbecues.
 * Koolpin Gorge at the southern end of Kakadu National Park, is renowned for its spectacular scenery. Spend a day exploring the endless span of gorges, crystal rock pools and white sandy beaches. Camp alongside Koolpin Creek and, in the morning, take a refreshing dip in a plunge pool. Permits are necessary.
 * Jabiru Mahbilil Festival held in early September, is named for the region's seasonal winds. It includes a mixture of white Australian and Aboriginal culture through live music, dance performances, art workshops, clothing and food and craft appreciation. After sunset a fireworks display is mirrored on Lake Jabiru.
 * Gunbalanya Open Day Usually held on the second Saturday in August, this festival in the community of Gunbalanya (Oenpelli) is an opportunity to experience a weekend of sports, art and culture in a beautiful area of Arnhem Land. The program includes art sales at Injalak Art Centre, cultural performances and a spectacular firework display.

Photography
Photography in the park might seem like a nice thing to do, particularly something you might want to take home, however, Australian law states that images and film captured in a Commonwealth reserve cannot be used to derive commercial gain unless at least one of the exemptions listed here in section 12.06 of the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 with examples of exemptions include capture and use of images and film as allowed by the management plan for the Commonwealth reserve, and requesting and being granted a permit.

Scenic flights
Kakadu Air has a range of scenic flights from different locations. It's particularly a useful way of seeing the waterfalls during the wet season (summer), as many of them are inaccessible.

Buy
Kakadu is an almost completely unpopulated landscape the size of a small country. There are, however, regular service stations, camping grounds, and outposts along the way with assorted small gifts as well as Aboriginal goods.

In Jabiru there is a service station, supermarket, newsagent and post office (Commonwealth Bank agency), Westpac Bank, travel agent, medical centre and chemist, police, public telephones, swimming pool, library (internet), hairdresser, golf course, restaurant, café and bakery.

Eat
Jabiru has a supermarket where you will find all the basic necessities. There are also a few nice little restaurants and cafes.

Basic food is available at the sporadic rest stops and museums throughout the park.

The lodge at Cooinda serves food until about 9PM and drinks later (whenever things slow down, it seems). The food is really good and includes dishes like the wild goose and kangaroo pie, but neither it or the drinks are cheap.

Kakadu Bakery (close to Lakeview as well as Kakadu Lodge) serves pastries, sandwiches and pizza at reasonable prices.

Drink
It is vital that you carry plenty of water with you at all times, especially during the dry season. Some of the upper rock pools are safe to drink from, but lower level rivers are not.

Camping
There are many camping grounds dotted through the park. Jabiru, Cooinda and South Alligator all have commercial camping areas and are in proximity to most of the important natural attractions in these areas.

Camping with basic or no toilet facilities is available at Two Mile, Four Mile Hole, Red Lily Billabong, Bucket Billabong, Alligator Billabong and Waldak Irrmbal (West Alligator Head). Drinking water is not available. Rubbish bins are not provided, so please bring rubbish out with you. Check wet season access.

Camping with basic toilet facilities available at Malabanjbanjdju and Burdulba. Drinking water is not available.

Merl Camping Area: Showers, toilets and generator zone. Camping fees (adults only) are collected on site. Check wet season access.

Muirella Park Camping Area (Check wet season access). Has showers, toilets and is a no generator zone. Camping fees (adults only) are collected on site during the dry season.

Safari camp accommodation and night time spot light boat tour on Djarradjin Billabong (Muirella Park) provided by Kakadu Culture Camp.

Mardugal Camping Area (Check wet season access). Has showers, toilets and generator zone. Camping fees (adults only) are collected on site during the dry season.

Camping with basic toilet facilities is available at Jim Jim Billabong. Drinking water not available.

Garnamarr Camping Area (Dry season only, 4WD). Showers, toilets, camping fees (adults only) are collected on site. No generators.

Gunlom Camping Area (Gravel road; dry season only). Gunlom plunge pool is located nearby. Has showers, toilets and generator zone. Camping fees (adults only) are collected on site. Gas BBQ in day use area. Camping with basic toilet facilities, BBQ areas and picnic tables is available at Maguk, Gungurul and Kambolgie. Drinking water is not available. Please check wet season access for Maguk and Kambolgie.

Backcountry

 * Park Laws Kakadu National Park is established and managed as a Commonwealth Reserve under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The Act sets out rules for Commonwealth reserves.

For example you must:
 * Stay on public roads and marked walking tracks.
 * Camp only in designated camping areas. Other park rules and guidelines include:
 * Stay behind the barriers to protect Aboriginal rock paintings.
 * Protect plants — do not use tree branches as fly swats.
 * Do not feed or disturb wildlife.
 * Light fires only in fireplaces provided or use fuel stoves. Keep use of firewood to a minimum.
 * Do not bring pets into Kakadu.

Camping is widely done throughout the park but great care should be taken when camping near water (always at least 200 metres from the water), particularly at the popular camping site Sandy Billabong.

When dealing with Aboriginal people, there are some cultural considerations to remember:

 * Some Aboriginal people have beliefs that mean they don't like having their photo taken. It is courteous to ask for permission first.
 * Family business and ceremonies are an important part of life for Aboriginal people and these matters take priority, which can interrupt scheduled tours.
 * Access to some sites with spiritual significance may be restricted

Please observe all rules on park signs and brochures. For details call the Bowali Visitor Centre on.

Stay safe

 * Swimming Due to the risk of estuarine crocodiles in the park, the only public place you should swim is in the Jabiru swimming pool. Some visitors choose to swim at their own risk, in selected natural plunge pools and gorge areas such as Gubara, Maguk, Jim Jim Falls, Gunlom, Jarrangbarnmi (Koolpin Gorge) and in creeks on the plateau above Twin Falls, Jim Jim Falls and Gunlom. These areas are surveyed for estuarine crocodiles prior to opening each dry season. There remains some risk that estuarine crocodiles may move into gorges and plunge pools during the dry season. Read the crocodile warning signs in each plunge pool and gorge area and consider their information carefully.
 * Some of the most venomous snakes in the world inhabit Kakadu, but luckily for visitors they are all very shy and are very rarely seen, let alone confronted. These species include the Taipan, Death Adder, and King Brown. They are seldom active during the day, hunting at night. Do not hike off any trails after dark.
 * Cliffs Climbing rock ledges and cliffs and walking or standing near cliff edges can lead to serious injury or death, especially when rock surfaces are wet. Keep well away from all cliff edges.
 * What to wear During the heat of the day, you will be most comfortable in loose covering clothing which is cool but protects you from sunburn and insect bites. Use sunscreen and wear a wide brimmed hat and sunglasses. Mosquitoes can carry viruses such as the Ross River virus, so if they are biting, use a repellent.
 * Dehydration Symptoms include feeling thirsty, excess sweating, headache, dizziness and nausea. If dehydration continues, it can result in seizures, a loss of consciousness and even death.
 * Preventing dehydration Limit your activity to the cooler parts of the day (mornings and late afternoons) and drink plenty of water. Most people need between 4 and 8 litres of water per day so start drinking water early (coffee, tea and alcohol don’t count!). For every hour you walk, carry at least one litre of water per person.
 * First aid Lie the person down in a cool shaded area. Give them water in small quantities at a time (creek water is alright if you have no other water). If the person cannot keep the water down, or does not recover quickly, seek medical assistance. Contact the medical centre at Jabiru on +61 8 8979 2018.
 * Emergency Call Devices [ECD] are available in remote locations throughout the park. Instructions on use are written on the ECD. These are for emergency calls only. See maps for locations.
 * Flash flooding Possible sudden rises in the levels of waterways can quickly cut off the return route from the top of waterfalls such as Gunlom and Jim Jim. Fast-flowing water can be deceptive, creating strong currents and dangerous swimming conditions.
 * Driving hints Top End roads can be hazardous. Plan ahead and allow sufficient time for travel. Slow down! Roads can become slippery in the wet. During the dry, dust from other vehicles can obscure your vision. When using 4WD tracks, put your vehicle into 4WD. Read your vehicle instructions: many vehicles need their front wheel hubs physically locked, before engaging 4WD from the driver’s seat. At flooded crossings read the signs, look at depth markers and observe how quickly the water is flowing, before deciding whether to cross. Sometimes it is safer to wait until the water recedes. Remember crocodiles may be present. In the event of fires, make sure you park your vehicle in cleared areas rather than in flammable long grass. Use vehicle headlights if driving through heavy smoke, and drive slowly. If stopping, park well off the road and use hazard lights. Do not park on bridges or causeways at any time. Always check road access, by contacting the Bowali Visitor Centre on +61 8 8938 1120 or visit the park website. Watch out for wildlife. Every year hundreds of our native animals are killed or injured on our roads. Drive slowly, look well ahead for animals on the road, and try to avoid driving at night. Toot your horn to alert wildlife on the road. Look carefully for large feral animals such as horses, pigs and buffalo.

Go next

 * Darwin is the tropical capital city of Australia’s Northern Territory.
 * Arnhem land is in the middle of Australia's northern coast and bounded by Kakadu National Park, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. This Aboriginal-owned expanse is made up of wild coastlines, deserted islands, rivers teeming with fish, lush rainforests, soaring escarpments and savannah woodland.
 * Mary River National Park Just over an hour’s drive from Darwin, the Mary River is an unspoiled landscape with wetlands full of birds and wildlife.
 * Alice Springs - Australia’s most famous outback town
 * Katherine - Nature and culture, history and heritage, and gateway to the spectacular Katherine Gorge
 * Tennant Creek - Aboriginal culture, gold mining and pastoralism
 * Litchfield National Park
 * Savannah Way - The Savannah Way is a collection of linked outback roads and highways that form a spectacular touring route traversing northern Australia from Cairns to Broome. Along the way it passes many national parks and reserves including several that have World Heritage status. It crosses the Northern Territory's vast Katherine Region, which is the focus of the itinerary below. Whilst the majority of the Savannah Way is sealed there are large sections of unsealed, but well maintained gravel highways. A large four-wheel drive vehicle is recommended to fully appreciate this epic touring route.
 * Nature's Way - Nature's Way winds through a wetland wilderness steeped in Aboriginal culture and pioneering history. The triangular drive begins in Darwin, the capital of the Northern Territory, and meanders through the Adelaide and Mary River wetlands to World Heritage-listed Kakadu National Park - owned and jointly managed by a number of Aboriginal clans. Then it's on to Litchfield National Park with its stunning waterfalls and return to Darwin. For photographic, wildlife and bird watching enthusiasts, this is a dream drive on a fully sealed road - suitable for a two-wheel-drive vehicle.

title: Kakadu National Park


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Kakani

Kaksni is in the Nuwakot District. It is 20 km along the road from Kathmandu to Trisuli Baazar, the turn-off to the village is just before the police checkpoint where there is a cluster of shops. The road to the accommodation options in the village passes though a UN AFP training camp.

See

 * Thai Airways Memorial Park dedicated to the 113 passengers of a flight that crashed nearby during bad weather. The crash location can be seen from the park on a clear day.
 * International Mountaineers Memorial Park is on the south side of the village. There are several benches where you can enjoy the views over the valley below

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Kakani


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Kakarbhitta

Kakarbhitta, also spelt Kakarvitta, is a town in the Eastern Tarai region of Nepal. The town has been used by foreigners to cross between the two countries.

Visitor information
The Tourist Office (20208) is on the main road, a little past the custom office on the right hand side (Sunday to Thursday 10:00 to 17:00, Friday 10:00 to 14:00).

By plane
The closest airport is at Bhadrapur, 25 km southwest of Kakarbhitta. You can also get a flight from Kathmandu, which has a more reliable schedule, to Biratnagar, 3 hours away. Bagdogra Airport in Siliguri (90 minutes by bus/taxi) - regular flights from major Indian cities and twice weekly flights from Bangkok and Paro.

By bus
It is possible to get through tickets from travel agents in Kathmandu or Darjeeling between Kathmandu and Darjeeling. Usually this trip is very expensive compared to doing it yourself and there is no reason it to do it as it is easy to arrange everything yourself. You also can take whatever bus you want, rather than being restricting to take what is arranged for you.

Often people are ripped off by these combined bus trips and are told they are going on a first-class luxury bus and then going on inferior services.

Buses to Kakarbhitta depart from the Kathmandu Bus Terminal between 16:00 and 18:00. It is best to book them a day in advance.

To/From India The Indian border is half a kilometre east of town, and is marked by the Mechi River. Nepali immigration is open 24 hours, but you may have to look for the officials after dark. It will make it easier to get a Nepali visa if you have the correct amount in US dollars (cash). If you do not have dollars you will have to go to the bank and change your money, and if it is closed you will have to wait. The immigration office here can also issue trekking permits for eastern Nepal including for the Everest area.

The overnight buses from Kathmandu usually arrive before 10:00.

Buy
You can change money at the Nepal Rastra Bank, on the pink building (sign only in Nepali) on the left side of the road as you enter town from India. Open daily from 07:00 to 18:00. There is a money changer in the corner of the bus station.

The offices for Nepal Airlines and Everest Air (29020) are between the border and the bus stand.

The Nepalese immigration is open 07:00 to 19:00. You can get a visa at the Nepal border for US$25, which you usually have to pay in US dollars (exact change is expected). The closest Nepal consulate is in Calcutta. It is a 15-minute walk between the border and Raniganj, the first town in India.

Eat

 * Mountain View Restaurant is a fairly good place.
 * Hariyali Restaurant in the Hotel Rajan is one of the better places in town

Sleep
As the bus stand is very noisy, it is a good idea to get a room that does not face the bus stand.
 * Hotel Kathmandu (29008), on the main road, has rooms for Rs 200/250. It is not so good.
 * ABC Lodge has rooms for Rs 200/250.
 * Hotel Deurali has rooms with common bath for Rs 140.
 * Kanchan Hotel (70015 62015), near the bus stand, has clean rooms with common bath for Rs 200, Rs 300 with bath, and Rs 500 with a TV. It is friendly and has a restaurant. Hot water in a bucket.
 * Hotel Rajat (70033, 62033), a few minutes walk behind the bus stand, has rooms with common bath for US$5, room with bath, hot water and TV for $15, and a $22 for a deluxe room. You can often get a discount. It has a restaurant. It is the best place in town and is well-managed.

Go next

 * Biratnagar - 3½ hr, Rs 75
 * Birganj - 12 hr, Rs 225 (night bus)
 * Darjeeling - Take taxi of bus to Siliguri Bus Station. There are ample shared taxis departing from there to Darjeeling.

 * Kathmandu - When you cross the border from India, the bus station is on the right before the village. Buses depart to Kathmandu (16 hr, ₹350 (Indian rupees)) usually in the early morning and between 15:00 and 18:00. It is best to reserve a bus seat a few hours early in order to get a good seat (in the front). You can reserve a night bus to Kathmandu at the booking office in front of the bus station. Direct night buses to Kathmandu and Pokhara can be painful, not only is the trip long, but you also miss the fantastic views along the

 * Janakpur - A pleasant and interesting town. It is possible to break the journey to Kathmandu here (6 hr, depart 06:00 to 09:00, Rs 165)

 * Pokhara - There are several buses from the border directly to Pokhara. Most are local buses, but there are a few deluxe ones, leaving at 04:30, then in the afternoon at 13:00 and 17:00. Times could change and buses get full so do get there in plenty of time. Private companies will show you the bus if asked. Price is around Rs 1200 (Nepalese rupees), but you can pay in Indian rupees too. (March 2017).

 * Siliguri - After crossing the border, there are shared jeeps to Siliguri for Rs 35 per person. It is a 10-minute walk from Kakarbhitta to the Indian border town of Panitanki. A rickshaw is Indian Rs 6 (Rs 10 Nepali). From Panitanki there is a minibus (Rs 35 Indian per person) to Siliguri (1 hr, 35 km, ₹6). From Siliguri you can take the toy-train or bus (3½ hr, ₹50) to Darjeeling (79 km), or a bus to Gangtok or Kalimpong. You could also take a taxi to Siliguri (₹60) or Darjeeling (₹140). From New Jalpaiguri (NJP) (Siliguri), you can get a broad-gauge train to Kolkata and other places. Bagdogra Airport in Siliguri has regular flights to most major Indian cities as well twice weekly flights to Bangkok and Paro.

title: Kakarbhitta


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Kakegawa

Kakegawa (掛川) is a city in Shizuoka.

Tourist information sites

 * The local tourist association has a Japanese-only guide site with integrated Google Translate.

 * The city government's official site has a good Japanese-only tourism section.

Get in
By train - Kakegawa is linked by normal train to Tokyo to the north and the rest of Shizuoka Prefecture to the south by the Tokaido line. It is also served by Shinkansen from Tokyo: all Kodama services will stop at Kakegawa and a few Hikari also stop. Nozomi services do not stop at Kakegawa. Kakegawa's neighbouring cities include Kikugawa and Aino.

Do

 * Climb

Go next

 * Fukuroi
 * Kikugawa
 * Shimada
 * Mori
 * Iwata
 * Hamamatsu
 * Omaezaki
 * Fujieda
 * Shizuoka

title: Kakegawa


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Kakheti

Kakheti is a region in eastern Georgia, famous for great weather, golden hills, and Georgia's principal wine country.

Cities

 * – One of the centres of Georgia's wine industry. Landmarks include the Church of the Dormition aka Church of All Saints (Kvelatsminda; 8th-9th century), Museum of Local Lore and History, the Museum of Nato Vachnadze, and the historic mud-cure resort of Akhtala.
 * – A restored wine town with an Old Town, the Pirosmani Museum and an extensive fortifications, as well as the Bodbe Monastery (aka Bodbe Convent or St. George of Bodbe) on its outskirts.
 * – The capital of Kakheti is a convenient base for exploring the region's wineries, castles, and monasteries, in features the palace of King Erekle II, an ethnographic museum and a famous 900-year-old plane tree. Nearby are an old and popular fortress, the Alaverdi Cathedral. Telavi is the basis for exploring the mountains of Tusheti.
 * – Featuring Tsinandali Palace-museum, historic winery which once belonged to the 19th-century aristocratic poet Alexander Chavchavadze, and many trees similar to the very old one found in Telavi.
 * – Known for its Kindzmarauli wine and as the birthplace of Georgian author Ilia Chavchavadze, whose fortified house here is preserved as a local museum.
 * – A wine town known for its white grapes and wine of the same name.

Other destinations

 * – A an infamous part of Georgia, after Russia claimed Chechen terrorists were using it as a base for attacking Russians in Chechnya, but the gorge is now safe and still home to many Chechen refugees–probably the safest place in the world to experience Chechen culture.
 * – A gorgeous mountain region with traditional cultures and great trekking.
 * – One of Georgia's most famous monasteries, with beautiful cave frescos, near the border with Azerbaijan
 * – A pretty border town on the road to Sheki, Azerbaijan, near the beautiful national park with the same name (see below)
 * – A village up in the mountains of Tusheti
 * – A village with many old and unmodern houses, and a big solid theater right in the middle.

Understand
Kakheti (კახეთი) is a historical province in eastern Georgia. Kakheti, and especially the Alazani valley, is the biggest wine region of Georgia and is considered the cradle of wine. The legend states that from here the wine spread all over the world. And indeed, the main attraction of that region, besides the old churches and monasteries, are the hundreds of small and large, modern and ancient wineries, partly still run family owned.

Also read below to better understand the importance of this wine region.

Talk
Georgian is unquestionably the main language in the region, but much of the older generation speak Russian and the younger generation is increasingly speaking English due to hostility towards Russia, and also because English is taught in schools since independence and has replaced Russian as a second language in schools nation-wide. When in need for help, look for younger people, as they are more likely to know some English.

If you happen to speak Chechen, you could have a very interesting experience in Georgia's Pankisi Gorge, where many Chechen refugees have set up shanties.

By bus
The bordering Georgian region to the west is Kartli, which has several (mini)buses every day running between Tbilisi and mainly Telavi, Gurjaani or Sighnaghi.

The main route is by Gurjaani, but for Telavi it is faster take the turn before Sartichala and across the Gombori Pass.

Coming from the east, it is possible to enter Georgia (and Kakheti) from Azerbaijan with minibuses from (and to) Qax (Qakh) and Zaqatala, which travel through Kakheti and mostly further to Tbilisi – read there.

By car
There are two options to get into Kakheti from the west. One is highway no. 5 and no. 42 by Gurjaani The other and newer option is highway no. 38, departing shortly after the Tbilisi city border near Vaziani north from highway no. 5. The latter one is via the Gombori Pass and can be slow due to the many turns and serpentines. In winter and with snow it is recommended to take the former route.

The road between Akhmeta and the Georgian Military Highway, via Tianeti, can only be done by 4WD.

Get around
Generally, everything is true what is mentioned under the same section in the Georgia country article.

Within Kakheti, several marshrutkas travel between the major cities and towns of that region. For Tusheti you have to hire a Jeep / 4WD with driver for about 200 lari.

Of course, travelling by car is an option, and so is hitch-hiking.

See

 * Akhali (new) Shuamta (Georgian: ახალი შუამთა; ɑχɑlɪ ʃʊɑmtʰɑ), 3 km from the highway, is a Georgian orthodox nunnery from the 16th century, which was founded by the wife of Kind Levan II., Tinatin, due to Old Shuamta slowly falling apart. Tinatin was also buried in Akhali Shuamta.
 * Akhali (new) Shuamta (Georgian: ახალი შუამთა; ɑχɑlɪ ʃʊɑmtʰɑ), 3 km from the highway, is a Georgian orthodox nunnery from the 16th century, which was founded by the wife of Kind Levan II., Tinatin, due to Old Shuamta slowly falling apart. Tinatin was also buried in Akhali Shuamta.

Do
This region is famous for its wine route, notably Tsinandali, Gurjaani and Kvareli, as well as the hiking opportunities in its three national parks / nature reserves, especially Tusheti.

 * , famous for hiking and bird watching.
 * Hike 73 km along the Russian border from Omalo (Tusheti) to Shatili (Stephantsminda), see Tusheti.

Eat

 * Underneath the Ujarma Castle, there are several picnic tables with fire places, where you can grill your own Mzwadi.
 * Underneath the Ujarma Castle, there are several picnic tables with fire places, where you can grill your own Mzwadi.
 * Underneath the Ujarma Castle, there are several picnic tables with fire places, where you can grill your own Mzwadi.

Drink
Great drinking opportunities await visitors to Kakheti. The most important wine villages are Tsinandali, Kvareli and Anaga. The most important grapes are Saperavi (red) and Rkaziteli (white). Many households produce their own wine, which they will happily offer when visited.

The classical wine production is done in Kvevris, clay jugs, which is the most important distinction from other wine regions like France. Even though modern methods like metal and plastic tanks slowly take over, they are still unwooded and greatly influence the taste of Georgian wine.

Some wineries (especially the Teliani Tsinandali Winery) will give nice, commercial tours to anyone who shows up, whenever they show up, which include wine tasting. As a matter of fact, if you go to any of the wineries and ask for a tour, you will get one, although they may not be very professional about it (and may not charge you anything). Because nearly all of Georgia's high quality wine is exported, and because there are not many tourists in Kakheti, it can actually be impossible to buy wine directly from smaller wineries (even under the table!). Wineries that are not licensed to sell directly to visitors should have an official store nearby, but be sure to call ahead of time to make sure that it is open.

But of course the best drinking opportunities are in the homes of the ordinary people of Kakheti. Nearly every household has its own homemade, usually delicious wine. If you are the least outgoing and speak either Georgian or Russian, chances are you will get invited into someone's home for wine and food – do not pass this up! Your host may also offer you Georgian chacha, an outrageously potent vodka distilled from grapes, which you may indeed want to pass up.

Sleep
Many homestay opportunities exist in this region, ask around or follow the local signs.

Stay safe

 * Hiking in the steppe of David Gareja and Vashlovani, it is important to carry enough water and to put on proper sunscreen. There are only a few shops or wells around. Also pay attention to snakes, some of which can be venomous.
 * Near Lagodekhi, in summer 2012, a group of armed men from Dagestan crossed the border illegally and took several local people hostage. According to Georgian police, the Islamist terrorists were fought successfully and killed, without hurting any of the hostages. Therefore, it might advisable to avoid hiking too close to the border, even though the danger of renewed incidents is very low. Read more on this here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lopota_incident

Go next
There is no onward travel within Georgia, and you will probably return to Tbilisi first and continue travelling from there.

However, if you head southeast past Lagodekhi, you will enter the beautiful Sheki Region of Azerbaijan. There are regular (mini)buses from Tbilisi to Qax (Qakh) and Zaqatala (at least three a day), which you might be able to board along the way if you reserve ahead. There might also exist (mini)buses from Gurjaani or Lagodekhi.

title: Kakheti


text:
Kakinada

Kakinada is a port city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the headquarters of the East Godavari district and the fourth largest tier-2 city in Andhra Pradesh. It is part of the mighty River Godavari Delta Region.

Understand
It goes by the sobriquets "Fertilizer City", owing to the large concentration of fertilizer plants and "Pensioner's Paradise" & "Second Madras", as it is well planned and peaceful city. Although earlier it is called as "Pensioner's Paradise", it made its significance in industrial sector as well and is witnessing rapid growth, after the setting up of a Special Economic Zone and proposed "Petroleum, Chemical and Petrochemical Investment Region (PCPIR)". The city is the de facto capital of KG Basin and a hub to all the deep sea exploratory activity in the region.This region is purported to be the next Gulf of Mexico.

Get in
You could travel to this beautiful, quaint port city by road or rail. If you are travelling by air, then you can fly to either Rajahmundry or Visakhapatnam. Both places are well connected to major cities, take road or rail transport from there.

By plane
The nearest airport is located at Rajahmundry, about 65 km from the city has services to Hyderabad, Chennai and Visakhapatnam. The nearest International airport is at Visakhapatnam at a distance of 145 km and has the services of all major airline operators to all big cities in the country.

By rail
Kakinada is connected to the capital city Hyderabad by direct train, which covers the journey overnight. There are several trains which can bring you from all across the country to Samalkot, which is only about 15km away from Kakinada. Frequent bus, taxi and auto connections can take you to Kakinada in 20 - 25 minutes from Samalkot. Kakinada has three railway stations namely Kakinada Junction (3km), Kakinada Port (8km) and Samalkot Junction (12km). Only Samalkota is on the Chennai-Visakhapatnam-Howrah line, where almost all express trains stop to connect Kakinada with the important places of the country.

By road
Good roads connect Kakinada with all the places within the state and also with major cities like Chennai and Bangalore. Transport by road from Kakinada to all the places of interest is in the form of Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC buses), There are non-stop services to Visakhapatnam and Rajahmundry 365 days-a-year.

Private bus operators provide transport services to various parts of the country. National Highway-214 runs through the heart of the city.

Get around
Taxis, Autorickshaws are the major means of transport within the city. Kakinada remains one of the few places in which you can enjoy an open top rickshaw ride across town while you enjoy the breeze and the colourful market streets in this beautiful city. There are mini-buses to connect various places in the town. And for those that prefer a more personal means of quick transport, there are the auto-rickshaws.

See
Kakinada is also a place of interest for Tourists as well. Below is the list of places to visit in and around Kakinada.
 * Adurru Excavation Site - is a large ancient Buddhist stupa or a recluse destination.
 * Adurru Excavation Site - is a large ancient Buddhist stupa or a recluse destination.

Apart from the above you will find several temples with Gardens and ponds.

Do
Apart from the movie entertainments, there are many parks, cosmopolitan clubs, beaches and natural scenic attractions. It's well known for its multiplex and fine cinema theatres within the Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh.

Buy
Kakinada also offers a good selection of stores and malls selling clothes, jewellery, books and other accessories etc.

 * Some popular places are: 82° East SRMT Mall (2019) with 5 Inox screens.
 * Bommana Brothers.
 * Chandana Brothers.
 * Khanzana Jewellery.
 * Planet Fashion.
 * Raj Jewellery.
 * Spencers Hyper Market.
 * Vaibhav Mall.
 * And many book and accessory stores available near main road and balaji Cheruvu.

Eat
Kakainada is famous for seafood, especially good and popular variety of fish and prawns. This city is also famous for its unique "Kakinada Kaja", which was very popular not only in Andhra, but also in far away places like Bihar and U.P and is available at many sweet shops locally, sugar-syrup filled, sweet dish. Good options for Biriyani are Yati foods, Spice, Seasons and Haveli restaurants with branches at Main Road and near Bhanugudi Center.

 * Few more different items that one should not miss are the innumerable carts strategically located at populous street corners to get their share of bhajis and a delightfully tasty mixture of onions, toasted rice, and sev (Pidatha Kindha Pappu).
 * Few more different items that one should not miss are the innumerable carts strategically located at populous street corners to get their share of bhajis and a delightfully tasty mixture of onions, toasted rice, and sev (Pidatha Kindha Pappu).

Drink
Some fine pubs, bars and resorts are located within the city and Yanam (union territory) nearby for people to get relaxed in their own way. Few of them are:
 * Hot 5 bar, in Hotel Royal Park.
 * Hotel Ishwarya Grand, Bar.
 * Open Galaxy Bar and Restaurant, Bhanugudi centre.
 * Sixer Pub, near Bhanugudi center.

Sleep
It is home to several star and business class hotels providing a pleasant stay for tourists and business people. A few of them are GRT Grand (a 5-star hotel preferred when celebrities like Pawan Kalyan wanted to stay in Kakinada for shooting or any other purposes), Royal Park, Aishwarya Grand, Jaya Residency (Daspalla group) and Hotel Oak Tree.

You will find many budget hotels as well.

Go next

 * Chennai
 * Hyderabad
 * Vijayawada
 * Visakhapatnam

title: Kakinada


text:
Kakum National Park

Kakum National Park is in the Coastal Plain region, the best preserved region of virgin rainforest in the country. It provides the easiest access to the rainforest along with its famous canopy walkway.

Get in
The easiest starting point for a trip to Kakum is Cape Coast, the regional capital. Tro-tros, the cheapest alternative, run regularly to Kakum and beyond. You can also charter a taxi from Accra. Either way, the park is approximately a one-hour journey from Cape Coast.

Private car - To save time and cost, a private car is generally the best choice for your trip to Kakum National Park. The trip should take you about three hours from Accra, and it is by far the most comfortable way to travel to Cape Coast and Kakum. Rental cars come with drivers, and should you stay overnight, the driver's lodging expenses will be included in the rental fee. Cross Eco Tours (email: info@crossecotours.com Tel: +233 249 507 413) is one tour company that rents out 4x4 Jeep vehicles to Cape Coast and Kakum National Park.

Get around
Walking is your only realistic option within the park, and you must have a guide with you at all times. The walk to and from the canopy walkway can be difficult for some. There are several stairs and uneven trails.

See
Viewing undisturbed rainforest from the ground and from 40 m up in the canopy is a fantastic experience. See abundant birds and insects, and for the sharp-eyed, the Mona monkey.

Do

 * Traverse Kakum's canopy walk. Go early in the morning to avoid groups arriving later in the day.
 * Take a guided walk through the forest at ground level. The guides are knowledgeable about plant and animal life.
 * View a display giving information about rainforests, which children may enjoy.

Buy
A reasonable range of souvenirs (T-shirts, etc.) are available at the visitor's center.

Eat
The cafe onsite offers reasonably-priced Western and local food, though some of the menu offerings are only sporadically available. The best way is to bring your own food because food there is expensive, and you will not find local foods such as fufu with light soup or banku with okra stew or soup in the area. Cocoa is normally found in and around the park. Palm trees are normally found at Cape Coast, which are used for palm wine and other local drinks.

Drink
Mineral water, mineral drinks and occasionally fruit juices are available at the cafe. There are also African drinks such as palmwine.

Sleep
You can either stay in Cape Coast itself where there is a range of budget to moderate-range accommodations, or at the atmospheric Hans Cottage Botel midway between Cape Coast and Kakum.

The other alternative is to stay for a small fee on a platform in the rainforest. You will need a mosquito net and a flashlight, as facilities are a distance from the platforms. Noise levels in the forest at night are high, and the platforms offer no protection save for your mosquito net. Staying in the forest means the opportunity to coincide the rope-bride walk with the magnificent sunrise over the treetops (the guides will come in the early hours to wake you up and lead you to the canopy walk), and is a real adventure experience. You are expected to bring your own food; but try to bring only as much as you will need for the evening meal and leave no food on your platform over night in order to avoid attracting unwanted animal attention.

Go next

 * The Domana Rock Shrine, about a 40-minute drive from Kakum, is a little-visited but worthwhile destination. You may want to charter a taxi for this trip, as public transport in the area is very infrequent. Find the visitor's center (this is a community eco-tourism project) in the village of Domana where you can obtain a knowledgeable guide to take you to the shrine. The shrine is about a 45-minute walk through forest and farmland, a lovely walk but go early or late, as it is hot at midday. You also have the option of taking a canoe trip on the river Pra. Allow 3 hours for both the shrine and the canoe trip.
 * Elmina, costal town with historic forts
 * Elmina, costal town with historic forts

title: Kakum National Park


text:
Semboku/Kakunodate

Kakunodate (角館) is a town in Semboku, Akita. Known as Samurai town (武家屋敷) and "The Little Kyoto of Tohoku".(みちのく小京都).

Understand
In 2005, Kakunodate, along with the town of Tazawako (田沢湖), and the village of Nishiki (西木) were merged to create the city of Semboku (仙北).

Tourist Information Site
The local tourist association has a Japanese-only guide site.

Get in
The Akita Shinkansen Komachi (こまち) running between Tokyo and Akita, via Sendai and Morioka, makes a regular stop at the JR Kakunodate station every hour. The journey takes roughly 4 hr from Tokyo, 2½ hr from Sendai and 1 hr from Morioka or Akita. Make sure to book your seat in advance, as all seats on Komachi trains are reserved and station staff may be busy when the train arrives. The Japan Rail Pass is accepted.

Get around
Walking is really the most logical option in this small, compact city - it takes about 15 minutes to walk from the train station to Bukeyashiki Street. A shuttle bus meets Shinkansen trains (it appears that this needs to be pre-booked) and there's a taxi rank outside the train station.

Rickshaws are available in the center of the city, and offer tours of the Bukeyashiki Street district.

See
Kakunodate is well known for well preserved Samurai houses scattered around along Bukeyashiki Street (which means Samurai House Street) and forming as a Bukeyashiki Samurai District. Some of these houses are open to public.
 * Samurai houses

Buy
Kakunodate is famous around Japan for its cherry bark crafts which are sold at just about every store in the town.

Go next

 * Lake Tazawa. Japan's deepest lake.
 * Nyuto Onsen. Tohoku's secret spa resort in the deep forests of Akita Kogen Plateau.
 * Daisen
 * Akita
 * Yokote
 * Ugo
 * Yuzawa
 * Senboku
 * Nishiwaga

title: Semboku/Kakunodate


text:
Kalady

Kalady is a village on the right of Periyar (Poorna) river, in Ernakulam District of Kerala state, Southern India. This is an important pilgrimage center since it is the birthplace of Sri Adi Sankara, one of India's foremost philosopher saints who preached the monistic or 'Advaita' philosophy.

Get in
Cochin International Airport, Nedumbassery is the nearest airport just 10 km away from Kalady. Angamaly (10 km away), or Aluva (22 km away), are the nearest railway stations which are connected to major Indian cities. Buses and taxis are available from Angamaly to Kalady. Kalady is connected by public transport system with important towns in Kerala including Thrissur, Thiruvananthapuram, Palakkad, Kottayam and Kozhikode.

Kalady is located in Main Central road (MC Road). So if you are coming from the upper region of Kerala, you need to divert at Angamaly to enter the MC Road.

Get around
Local private buses ply to almost all the parts of Kalady. The bus frequency is 10 minutes in peak times and up to 30 minutes in off peak hours. Another option is to get around is to use the auto-rickshaw service. They are also very cost-effective and available in all parts of Kalady

Temples of New Era (After AD1900)

 * Ramakrishna Advaita Ashram The Ramakrishna Advaita Ashram not far from the Sri Krishna temple, has a spacious prayer hall and a beautiful shrine modelled on the Sri Ramakrishna temple at Belur Math. The white marble statue of Sri Ramakrsihna seems to be the very epitome of tranquillity. The Ashram also runs a school, charitable dispensary and library.
 * Sri Adi Sankara Keerthi Sthambam Not far from the Ramakrishna Ashram, from the top of the tall 8-storey-high brilliantly painted pink memorial, the Sri Adi Sankara Keerthi Sthambam. One can have a splendid view of the surrounding palm-fringed green fields. The entrance to the memorial, guarded by two elephant statues, leads to the Paduka Mandapam which has two silver knobs representing the 'padukas' or wooden sandals of the Teacher. As one ascends the winding steps, framed relief paintings narrate the story of Adi Sankaracharya. Several large statues of Ganapati, Adi Sankara and others are also housed in this memorial. This was built by the Kanchi Kamakoti Mutt. Adi Sankara's shrines in Kaladi are open to all pilgrims irrespective of religion or caste.
 * Sringeri Math is a large, partly open structure situated right on the northern bank of the river Periyar or Poorna. Of the two major shrines within, one is dedicated to Sri Sankaracharya and the other to Goddess Saradamba, the main deity of Sringeri. The samadhi of Sri Sankara's mother Aryamba is also located here. A small shrine to Vinayaka, or Ganapati, is the scene of evening prayers, chanted to the rhythmic ringing of cymbals. The worship in these temples is done by Tamil or Kannada Smartha Brahmins and not by Nampoothiris. It celebrates a ten day festival during Navarathri and procession led by a decorated temple chariot is conducted. Eminent artists present classical music concerts during the festival days. On Sankara Jayanthi, the birthday of Sankara a Vedic discourse and debate is conducted in which Vedic scholars from all over the world participates.

Temples Associated with History & Legends Of Adi Sankara

 * Aryadevi Samadhi Mandapam - A spot dedicated to the Mother of Sree Sankara Acharya, Aryadevi, as her cremation spot is seen within the Sree Sringeri Temple groups. On the demise of his beloved mother, her cremation was performed by Sree Sankara, assisted by two of the ten Namboothiri families of Kalady. The spot was maintained with offerings of daily lamps of respect for centuries by Kappilly Mana, one of two namboothiri families who assisted in her cremation. The Travancore Highness acquired the whole area from Kappilly Mana about a hundred years ago and handed over to the Sree Sringeri Mutt, which now maintains the spot with great respect.
 * Manickamangalam temple - One kilometer north of Kalady is the Manickamangalam temple, dedicated to Bhagavathi or Goddess Durga. Father of Sree Sankara Shiva Sharman Namboodiri was the Priest in this temple. One day he could not go by himself and sent Sankara with a measure of milk as offering to Devi. Little Sankara noticed that even after the offering, the measure of milk before Devi remained unchanged. He was sad and started to cry. Devi took pity on the boy and drank the milk. References to the deity can be found in Soundarya Lahari.
 * Manjapra Karpillykavu Shiva temple - Father of Sree Sankara — Sivasarman Nambudiri — was The Priest of Karpillykavu Shiva temple, just 8 km to the south at Manjapra.
 * Mattoor Thiru Vella Man Thulli - Two kilometers west of Kaladi is Vellamanthulli temple. The installation of the deity was done by Siva Sarman namboodiri - father of Sree Sankara. For the aged couples after prayers at Lord Shiva of Vadakkum Nathan Temple at Vrisha mooka chalam — Thri Siva peroor — about 30 km north of Kalady Sankara was born. As the couples became still older they could not walk the whole distance, but still wanted to have darshan of the Lord. So Shiva appeared in dream and suggested Shiva sarman nambudiri to follow a dancing white deer which will appear before his house next day and will find an idol where it disappears just worship that and no need to walk the whole distance. The dream became true and This Siva temple "Thiru Vella Man Thulli" (meaning in Malayalam / Tamil - dancing white deer suggesting the incident) was thus installed by Sree Sankara's father.
 * Nayathodu Sankara Narayana Temple - Nayathodu Sankara Narayana Temple just 3 km west is an example of Advaitam in worship by Sankara Acharya. Once he prayed Shiv the deity in the temple with Vishnu Manthram and Vishnu also started to reside in same idol. Even now after first offerings to Shiva everything is removed off and offerings to Vishnu made in same idol.
 * Sri Krishna temple - West of the Sringeri Mutt temples is a temple dedicated to Sri Krishna. The worship in this temple is done by Namboothiris. Sri Sankara is believed to have diverted the course of the river Poorna, then flowing one and a half kilometers away from the house, for his aged mother who could have her daily bath in the river without walking a long way. One day the poor mother unable to walk the whole way fell down. Helpless child Sankara took refuge of his beloved ancestral deity in shrine situated in his home garden. The tears out of love for his beloved mother moved the Lord who blessed "The river will flow where Sankara marks with his little feet ". The innocent child marked before his blessed lord. When the river Poorna changed its course, an ancient temple of Sri Krishna, very dear to Sankara's mother, which was his ancestrial deity was submerged. A new temple was then built by the loving son and the famous Atchutha ashtakam was recited to mark the occasion. Then on the village Sasalam became "Kalady"(for feet in local language Malayalam/ Tamil) which is the one and only temple reinstalled by Sankara and surviving from that time and blessed lord became "Thri Kalady Appan (Lord of Holy KALADY). It is just next to the Sringeri Shrine which was built a century back. The Puthenkavu Bhadrakali Temple under Kalady Devasthanam is another temple surviving from the time of Sankara. Sree Sankara, after due cremation of mother Aryadevi is believed to have been lying before the Devi under a banian tree before the temple, the whole night of cremation
 * Thekke Madhom Sankara Sthanam (Now Veda Patdhsala Of Sree Sree Sringeri Mutt) - The Sankara Mutt established by Acharya at Trichur which respected Kalady as Birth place of Sankara, who were assigned King ship rights of Kalady in respect of Sankara for Centuries together as "Sankara Sanketham ". They used to collect land tax even after independence which was curbed by special enactment of \state legislature. They are also given Achrya Archaka position in Sree Krishna Temple by tradition, for centuries together to respect Sankara. To facilitate it the Sthanam (now veda patdhasala) was given on lease hold rights to the Mutt by Sree Krishna Temple.
 * 3 Ancient Ghats
 * The spot where at river took its turn and Kalady was born. It also was the spot where at Sankara had done first “Aaraattu “(River bath of an idol) for his ancestral deity before installation to the present spot. For centuries in yearly festivals of Lord of Kalady Sree Krishna, the “Aarattu is being conducted at this Ghat.
 * "Muthala Kadavu" – Crocodile Ghat – the Ghat where in Sankara's life took another turn to Sanyasam (Ascetic life). Mother Aryadevi was not agreeing to the wish of her only son little Sankara to become a sannyasin. One day mid noon Sankara was touched by a dog and as per community custom Sankara had to take bath. Accompanied by mother Sankara went to River Periyar for taking bath. There a crocodile caught him and the drowning boy asked his mother to permit him for sanyasm so that the crocodile may leave him. Helpless mother agreed and crocodile freed the child. Then he took ÁApat sanyasam‘'. The Ghat thereafter was called crocodile (Muthala in Malayalam / Tamil) Ghat.
 * The Ghat where in Sree Sankara Acharya had done the Ápara Kriyas (the rituals after death and cremation as per Nambudiri rituals) for mother Aryadevi when she passed away after her due cremation with help of just two out of the 10 nambudiri families of Kalady. Now the Ghat is within the temple complex of Sree Sringeri Mutt. The acquisition order Diwan Madhawarayer for Travancore highness (king of the land a century back) makes the situation clear. The beauty is that the above 3 adjacent ghats lay west to east in chronological order.

Eat
There are a lot of hotels available in the town serving both vegetarian and non-vegetarian food.

Sleep
Guest houses and choultry maintained by Sringeri Math and Ramakrishna Advaita Ashram

 * Government Rest House
 * Private lodges like Hotel Prince and Udaya Lodge also offer economical accommodation.

Go next

 * Kallil Temple - a 9th century Jain Temple located 22 km from Kalady.

title: Kalady


text:
Kalahari (South Africa)

Kalahari, or Kgalagadi, is a district in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. It was renamed and formally John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality in 2008 after a freedom fighter and trade unionist.

Cities

 * — known for its scenic beauty and the Eye of Kuruman, a deep spring

Understand
This district was the richest mining region in the Northern Cape until a decline in mining employment and the near extinction of the asbestos mining industry in the 1980s. Today, minerals mined include manganese ore, iron ore and tiger's eye. The Sishen iron-ore mine is one of the largest open-cast mines in the world and the iron-ore railway from Sishen to Saldanha is one of the longest iron-ore carriers in the world.

The rural land in the district is used extensively for cattle, sheep, goat and game farming. The area is well known for its good commercial hunting in the winter.

See
The Eye is the biggest natural fountain in the southern hemisphere. It was proclaimed a national monument in 1992.

The Wonderwerk Cave is one of the longest-inhabited caves in the world. There are San rock paintings in areas near its mouth.

The Moffat Mission was established in 1820 by Scottish missionary, Robert Moffat, in Kuruman. The mission church has been declared a national monument.

Do
The Sishen Golf Club in Kathu is an attractive golf course.

The Khai Apple Recreation Resort in the Gamagara Municipality offers accommodation, camping and caravanning facilities, fishing and horse riding.

Game hunting from old limestone farmsteads, a feature of the Kalahari landscape, that have been converted into hunting lodges with accommodation and game-processing facilities.

title: Kalahari (South Africa)


text:
Kalahari

Kalahari is a region in the west of Botswana.

title: Kalahari


text:
Srikalahasti

Srikalahasti is located near the pilgrimage town of Tirupati and is visited by thousands of pilgrims. This temple is also associated with Rahu and Ketu of the nine grahams or celestial bodies in the Indian astrological scheme, also known as the moon's nodes in astronomical terms.

Understand
Srikalahasti is a temple town. It's about 38 km from Tirupati, The ancient temple dedicated to Lord Shiva (as Sri Kalahastheeswara) and his consort Parvathi (as Gnanaprasunambika) is one of the Panchabootha Sthalams meaning the temple celebrates Lord Shiva as the embodiment of the primary elements (Fire, Space, Water, Earth, Air), Air being the element here. The temple is also associated with Rahu and Ketu. According to the legend, Lord Brahma was asked by the Lord to create the beautiful and enticing hills of Kailasa. As Brahma was struggling with the task, a piece fell on earth and in the south, and thus was called Dakshina Kailasam.

The other four Pancha Bhoota Stalams are:
 * Tiruvannamalai (Fire)
 * Chidambaram (Space)
 * Thiruvanaikaval (Water)
 * Kanchipuram (Earth)

History
The temple dates back to over 2000 years ago. The structure of the temple was built by the Cholas and improvements were made by other Chola kings and rulers of the Vijayanagara kings. The Pallava, Chola and Vijayanagara rulers have made several endowments to this temple.

The temple is built adjoining the Durgamma hill to the north, Kannappa hill to the south and Kumaraswamy hill to the east.

By plane
The closest airport to the city is Tirupati Airport, which is just 25 km away. There are daily flights from Hyderabad, Delhi and Bangalore. Tirupati is perhaps the most convenient base for visiting Kalahasti as it is endowed with several modern lodging facilities.

By rail
There is a railway station at Sri Kalahasthi. There are trains from Hyderabad, Vijayawada and Kolkata. The closest railway junction is Renigunta and all trains plying between Chennai and Mumbai stop at Renigunta. Renigunta is just 25 km away from Srikalahasthi.

By bus
It takes about 5 hours by road to get to Tirupati from Bangalore. Both KSRTC and APSRTC operate buses during the day and night.

It's about 3 hours by road from Chennai. Both TNSRTC and APSRTC operate buses during the day and night.

By car
You can travel either from Chennai-Tada-Kalahasti or Chennai-Tirutani-Renigunda-Kalahasti from Chennai(110 km)

Hyderabad (545 km): HYD-Kurnool-Cuddapah-Renigunta-srikalahasthi  or HYD-Nagarjunasagar-ongole-Nellore-Naidupet-Srikalahasthi

Bangalore(300 km) -Bangalore-Mulbagal-Palmaner-Chittor-Tirupati-Srikalahasthi

If well planned, Tirupati, Tirumala and Kalahasti can be covered in a day's trip from Chennai by car. Be careful about Tirumala because sometimes people may have to wait in queue for one day, due to the flocking of people for the darshan of deity especially on weekends!

See
This temple is famous for the Rahu Ketu Sarpa Dosha Nivarana pooja. Though there are other minor poojas also, the Sarpa Dosha Nivarana pooja is classified as a combination of all the other poojas(rituals). So there is no need to buy separate tickets for each pooja if you are buying the Nivarana pooja ticket.

Astrology regards Rahu and Ketu as the only two "planets" which has varying degrees of malefic ( some benefic effect is also present) effects on ALL human beings. Which means that the Nivarana pooja at Kalahasti (for removing the bad effects of Rahu and Ketu) is good for ALL human beings.

The ₹1000/- ticket is highly recommended since they give you "5 star" service (like holding the pooja right within the temple). It takes around 25 minutes to perform the pooja.

No advance booking by telephone or money order is allowed. You can book the pooja only if you are physically present at the temple. And your pooja ticket must be used up on that day itself. If you are particular that the pooja is conducted during Rahukalam (for maximum effect) be at the temple at least an hour or two before the start of Rahukalam and buy your ticket from the appropriate counter located within the temple walls.

Tip: True Rahukalam starts sometime after the official listing ( varying from 1 or 2 minutes to even up to 20 minutes and beyond). i.e. if your calendar shows Rahukalam as starting at around 1:30 PM on Thursday, time your pooja to start at around 2 PM or later so that you finish by at least 3 PM.

A good astrologer may guide you to select the appropriate day and time to visit the temple. Hopefully, he may select a weekday when no festival is being conducted (as the crowd may be unmanageable at other times). Also, check and see if any visit by high profile VIPs are scheduled. Temple entry may be temporarily barred during such visits for security reasons.

CAUTION: Do not purchase pooja materials from the stalls outside the temple. Along with the ₹1000/- ticket, you are also given all the materials that are needed for the pooja. This ticket also entitles you to an exclusive darshan(glimpse)and archana(special pooja) of the main deities within the temple.(i.e. There is no need to stand in the queue since you are taken right into the inner sanctum of the main deities within the temple).

Keep this ticket carefully and don't lose track of it. Also, keep track of the materials given to you for the pooja. And don't hesitate to ask for clarifications when in doubt.

Though it may not be possible to answer philosophical queries, doubts about the conduct of the pooja as well as how to use the materials provided will be immediately answered.

The pooja itself is not a fire ceremony. You are only expected to carefully drop first some flowers(little by little) and then coloured ash on the metal representations of Rahu and Ketu while the priest chants the mantras. (After the pooja, these metal representations MUST be deposited in a special box @ the temple AFTER you give them to another priest in the main sanctum and get them back in a few minutes). The priest (conducting the Nivarana pooja) will want the names(only family members) and nakshatras for conducting the pooja. Up To five members of a family(for ₹1000/- ticket) are allowed to be physically present at the pooja though you are allowed to give a long list of other family members who are not present.

Tipping is inevitable and you may fix a fair amount at your discretion. Reserve your main tip for the priest conducting the Nivarana pooja. (He will ask you for "dakshina").

Though there is a dress code for the pooja, the temple does not seem to be implementing it rigorously.

Needless to add, watch your step in the temple. Slippery floors, dark corners, clothes catching fire, etc. are a common reality in Indian temples. Touts may take you for a ride, so it is better to deal only with authorised temple officials.

Sleep
There are a number of private and government guest houses. All these accommodations have limited amenities. Preference should be given to hygiene stay rather than luxury, as the later is not available around the temple. Generally, you will not be staying here for a long time. A day's visit with an overnight stay should be sufficient.

Go next

 * Tirupati

title: Srikalahasti


text:
Kalamata

Kalamata is the main city and port of Messenia region, in the southwestern part of Peloponnese, Greece.

Understand
Kalamata is one of the most fortunate cities in Greece, mostly thanks to its geographic position. At the apex of the blue Messinian Bay and at the foot of Mount Taygetos (2.404 m), Kalamata is the ideal base for those who want to discover the secrets of Messinia, since it is central and many tourist and cultural destinations are easily reached by car. The best starting point for sight-seeing around Kalamata is the city's historical centre. Just below the historical centre is the commercial centre. Aristomenous is the city’s main street with a large square. Home to numerous shops and cafes, it's worth a stroll just to enjoy the ambiance.

Below the city centre is the coast. In the summer, the coast of Kalamata bustles with life, both during the day when the long coastline fills with bathers and at night, when young people fill the clubs. The port of Kalamata was once the centre of the town's commercial and industrial development, when it used to connect to all the Mediterranean centres. Navarinou Street, to the east of the port, is the "coast" for locals and the citizens resort. At any time of the day or night you will see groups of people strolling and talking by the sea.

By bus
From Athens: KTEL Messinias for bus timetables and online ticketing. The trip takes about 4 hr with a 20 min stop in Tripoli on the way to Kalamata and on the Corinth Canal on the way from Athens. The express bus (non-stop service) takes about 3 hours, depending on traffic in Athens.

By plane

Airlines and destinations:
 * Aegean Airlines flies from Thessaloniki. They also fly seasonally from Copenhagen, Düsseldorf, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Munich, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Stockholm-Arlanda
 * Austrian Airlines flies seasonally from Vienna
 * British Airways flies seasonally from London-Heathrow
 * Condor flies seasonally from Düsseldorf, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Munich
 * easyJet flies seasonally from London–Gatwick, Manchester
 * Edelweiss Air flies seasonally from Zurich
 * Jet2.com flies seasonally from Birmingham, London–Stansted, Manchester
 * LOT Polish Airlines flies seasonally from Kraków, Warsaw-Chopin
 * Olympic Air flies from Thessaloniki
 * Ryanair flies seasonally from Bergamo, Gdańsk, London–Stansted, Milan–Malpensa, Vienna
 * Swiss International Airlines flies seasonally from Geneva and Zürich
 * Transavia flies seasonally from Amsterdam and Paris-Orly
 * TUI Airways flies seasonally from Lille and Nantes
 * Volotea flies seasonally from Venice

There is a bus stop located right outside the airport.

Do
Go to the different beaches. Catch a local sight near the beaches.

- Voidokilia Beach, and while there see the Old Navarino Castle

- Zanzibar Beach (at Lampes) and on your way out see the Methoni Castle

Eat
Kalamata is widely known for its olives (Ελιά Καλαμών), which have a distinctive size, brown or black skin and meaty texture. Usually preserved in wine vinegar or olive oil, Kalamata olives can only legally be grown and prepared in the immediate area around the town. While they can certainly be sampled in many parts of the world, they are the sort of produce that is best consumed in the climate and ambiance of the place they were grown.

 * The cafeterias along Aristomenous and Navarinou are countless and full of life, with many people enjoying their warm ambiance in the winter or sitting on the chairs at the square during the sunny summer days.

Drink

 * The marina area is home to loads of traditional (and not) restaurants and taverns. Limeni, Mangiona, Argo are just a couple of the names you'll encounter while strolling along Salaminos (the main marina road).

Go next
You'll find attractive scenery no matter which way you head from Kalamata.

 * To the southeast is Mani (second leg of the Peloponnese), where the woody coastal places of Messinian Mani pass the baton to the steep, rocky and fascinating coastal landscape of Laconian Mani.'
 * To the southwest (first leg of the Peloponnese), you'll reach Koroni, Methoni and Pylos with their famous attractions.
 * Crossing Kalamata towards the North and heading to Sparta, you will enter the magnificent world of Taygetos, the roof of Kalamata. You will go through the wonderful villages Artemissia and Trypi. Taygetos is the biggest challenge for lovers of mountain, trekking and climbing. Imposing and full of contradictions, with slopes, canyons, caves, sources, rivers and rich vegetation alternated with steep rocks, it magnetises the bold ones who will dare to explore it.
 * The Ancient Messini is a few kilometres outside Kalamata, in the Municipality of Ithomi. It's an archeological site that astonishes visitors with its expanse and good condition; in fact, it is considered the best preserved archeological site.
 * Ancient Olympia – birthplace of the Olympic Games, almost two hours away by car.
 * Archeological Site of Mystra

title: Kalamata


text:
Kalamazoo

Kalamazoo is a city in West Central Michigan. The city is home to more than 198,200 people (2020), with 355,000 in the metropolitan area, which includes neighboring Battle Creek. It is the county seat of Kalamazoo County.

The city has a strong higher education presence, being home to Western Michigan University (with 17,334 students in Fall 2022), Kalamazoo College (a private, liberal arts institution), and Kalamazoo Valley Community College.

Because of the first downtown pedestrian mall in America, Kalamazoo got the nickname the "Mall City" in 1959. Kalamazoo also offers an interesting and walkable Downtown, with one-of-a-kind shops and restaurants.

By car
Kalamazoo lies on the I-94 roughly mid-way between Chicago and Detroit. US Highway 131 connects the city with Grand Rapids and resort areas further north.

By train

 * Routes serving Kalamazoo:
 * Wolverine Service operates several times daily between Pontiac and Chicago including stops along the way in Troy, Royal Oak, Detroit, Dearborn, Ann Arbor, Jackson, Battle Creek, Kalamazoo, Niles, and].
 * Blue Water operates daily between Port Huron and Chicago including stops in Flint, East Lansing, Battle Creek, Kalamazoo, Niles, and New Buffalo.
 * Blue Water operates daily between Port Huron and Chicago including stops in Flint, East Lansing, Battle Creek, Kalamazoo, Niles, and New Buffalo.

By bus

 * The downtown train station also acts as a bus station for local and regional destinations. Major destinations include Grand Rapids, Chicago and Detroit.
 * Amtrak Thruway, Greyhound, Indian Trails, Metro Transit, and Miller Transportation.

Nearby Kalamazoo
Nearby, you will find additional attractions.

Do
Kalamazoo is full of great events, featuring everything from hot rods to pianos. Discover Kalamazoo has a fairly comprehensive list of annual happenings, but don't miss Super Saturday in June, New Year's Fest or the USTA Boys National Championship in August.

Theater

Drink

Nightlife and clubs

 * gimora, 314 E Michigan Ave #201. Live music bar. +1 269-290-1900

Stay safe
Generally safe, Kalamazoo has some crime, mostly in the north- and eastside sections of town. Downtown could also be dangerous after dark, stay in a group and be aware.

Go next
The Lake Michigan resort towns of South Haven and Saugatuck-Douglas are about an hour west of Kalamazoo. Gull Lake (NE) and Gun Lake (North) are clear, spring-fed lakes of over 1000 acres each. Each offers boating and water-sports opportunities. Gull Lake has sailboat races on weekends.

title: Kalamazoo


text:
Kalambaka

Kalambaka (Καλαμπάκα) is a city in Thessaly in the Northern part of Greece

Get in
Kalambaka is the terminus of the single track West Thessaly line, it branches off the main Athens-Thessaloniki line in Palaiopharsalos.

The oneway fare from Athens to Kalambaka is from 29.60.

See

 * Nearby Meteora, and it's cliff top monasteries is the primary reason to come here.

title: Kalambaka


text:
Kalasin

Kalasin (กาฬสินธุ์) is a town in the Isaan region of Thailand, population ~34,000 (2015).

Understand
Historical evidence points to the city having been established during the Rattanakosin period in 1793. Thao Somphamit and his troops escaped from the left bank of the Mekong River and settled on the banks of the Pao River, which was called "Ban Kaeng Samrong". Then, he sent tribute to King Rama I the Great who later promoted Ban Kaeng Samrong as a city and renamed it "Kalasin" or "Mueang Nam Dam" (a black water town), which later became an important city. "Kala" means "black", "sin" means "water", so Kalasin means "black water". The king also appointed Thao Somphamit as "Phraya Chaisunthon" who became the first ruler of Kalasin.

By car
Kalasin is 519 km from Bangkok. Take the route Bangkok–Saraburi–Korat (Hwy 2) until you reach Ban Phai in Khon Kaen Province. Continue on Hwy 23 and 213 and Hwy 209 (Maha Sarakham-Kalasin).

By bus
The Transport Co., Ltd. provides air conditioned and ordinary bus services daily from Bangkok to Kalasin. More details can be obtained at the Northeastern Bus Terminal (Mo Chit 2), Tel. +66 2 9362841-48, +66 2 9362852-66.

Minivan from in-town Khon Kaen bus station is 80 baht. Takes about 1 hr.

By train
Take the train from Bangkok to Khon Kaen, then catch a bus from Khon Kaen to Kalasin, a distance of 75 km. The State Railway of Thailand has rapid train, express train and air conditioned sprinter train services. For more details, call SRT at Tel. 1690, or +66 2 2204334, +66 2 2204444, Khon Kaen Railway Station, Tel. +66 43 221112.

Get around
Visitors can get around Kalasin by rickshaws or tuk-tuks. Negotiate a fare before getting in.

See
Phraya Chaisunthon Monument (Chao Somphamit) (อนุสาวรีย์พระยาชัยสุนทร) - The life-sized monument is made from bronze in a standing position with the right hand holding a teapot, and left hand holding a magic sword.

Wat Klang (วัดกลาง) - Within the temple compound there is an ubosot building, which was an extension of the old building. Inside a pavilion or sala near the ubosot is a black Buddha image, made from bronze. In times of drought, the locals would take the Buddha image in a procession to plead for rain.

Wat Si Bun Rueang (วัดศรีบุญเรือง) or Wat Nuea (วัดเหนือ) - The temple stores a number of crafted boundary stones from Fa Daet Song Yang ancient city. One of the most beautiful boundary stones, which are of the Dvaravati art, is the one that depicts flying angels over a prasat or palace represented by double arches, with the king, queen, and their sons at the bottom.

Kalasin Museum (พิพิธภัณฑ์ของดีจังหวัดกาฬสินธุ์) - The museum was established by Mr. Chairat Mapraneet, Governor of Kalasin Province, with an aim to show the collections of good things in Kalasin.

Phutthasathan Phu Po (พุทธสถานภูปอ) - The site is where two ancient reclining Buddha images of the Dvaravati period carved on the cliff can be seen. They are the sacred images highly revered by the people of Kalasin and nearby provinces.

Ban Phokhru Plueang Chairatsami (บ้านพ่อครูเปลื้อง ฉายรัศมี) - Khru Plueang Chairatsami was declared a National Artist in 1986 in the field of folk music. He built a farmer's hut to be used as a traditional music school. The hut also displays traditional musical instruments such as "phin" (lute), "khaen" (reed organ), "so" (bowed stringed instrument), and "pong lang" (northeastern-style xylophone).

Mueang Fa Daet Song Yang (เมืองฟ้าแดดสงยาง) - An ancient town surrounded by earthen mounds with a length of about five kilometres. Evidence of its civilization are religious ruins in and around the city, such as a number of sandstone boundary markers with bas-reliefs.

Wat Pho Chai Semaram (วัดโพธิ์ชัยเสมาราม) or Wat Ban Kom (วัดบ้านก้อม) - An old temple with a huge collection of old boundary stones of gigantic sizes. The boundary stones found in Fa Daet Song Yang are different from those discovered in other regions, as they were usually carved telling Jataka stories and the life of the Lord Buddha.

Lam Pao Wildlife Conservation Development and Promotion Station (สถานีพัฒนาและส่งเสริมการอนุรักษ์สัตว์ป่าลำปาว) or Suan Sa-on (สวนสะออน) - An abundant deciduous dipterocarp forest. Inside is an open zoo in which there are indigenous wild animals and also other fauna like gibbons, monkeys, various kinds of domestic and migratory birds, along with nature trails.

Phu Phra Forest Park (วนอุทยานภูพระ) - It features a mountain located near the villages. The plain on the backside of the mountain houses an ancient stone Buddha image. Some of the sites in the forest park include:

 * Pha Sawoei (ผาเสวย) - A stone cliff, about 150–200 metres wide.
 * Tham Siam Sap (ถ้ำเสียมสับ) - A cliff cave that looks like somebody had dug the cave with a spade.
 * Tham Phra Rot (ถ้ำพระรอด) - A cave that occurred due to the separation of a stone cliff. Inside the cave, there is a walkway about 2 metres wide and 30 metres long.
 * Pha Hin Yaek (ผาหินแยก) - A separating cliff of 20 metres long and 6 metres deep.
 * Tham Phra (ถ้ำพระ) - A cave 30 metres in depth containing a Buddha image that is highly revered by locals. Every year during the Songkran Festival, people ascend to the cave to pour water on the Buddha image to pay respect.

Sirindhorn Museum and Phu Kum Khao Dinosaur Excavation Site (พิพิธภัณฑ์สิรินธร และแหล่งขุดค้นไดโนเสาร์ภูกุ้มข้าว) - More than 700 fossilized bones were found in this excavation attributed to seven dinosaurs. Phu Kum Khao is considered to be the largest and most perfect concentration of dinosaur fossils in Thailand.

Phutthasathan Phu Sing (พุทธสถานภูสิงห์) - A large image in the subdued Mara posture that is 10.5 metres wide and is clearly visible from below. The surrounding area is shady and offers a panoramic view.

Wat Phutthanimit (วัดพุทธนิมิต) and Phu Khao (ภูค่าว) houses a rock relief of an ancient reclining Buddha image leaning on his left side, which is about two metres long and 25 centimetres wide. Every year in April, there is a bathing ceremony to celebrate the Buddha image.

Ban Phon Phrae Wa Silk Weaving Group (กลุ่มทอผ้าไหมแพรวาบ้านโพน) - Phrae Wa silk is a unique style of the Phu Thai ethnic group of Ban Phon. It is divided into two patterns: Lai Lak (principal pattern) and Lai Thaep (striped pattern). Phrae Wa silk is a rare handcrafted textile.

Pha Sawoei (ผาเสวย) - The king and queen visited the cliff and had lunch here, so the place's name was changed to "Pha Sawoei" ("sawoei" is a royal term for eating). As it is located in the deep valley with a high cliff, the locals also called it "Heo Ham Hot".

Namtok Pha Nang Khoi (น้ำตกผานางคอย) - A huge waterfall, cascading down from the Phu Phan mountain range. It is surrounded with abundant thick forest. There is water year-round.

Namtok Tat Thong (น้ำตกตาดทอง) - A huge waterfall with complex stone cliffs.

Phu Thai Nong Hang Handicraft Centre (ศูนย์หัตถกรรมผู้ไทยหนองห้าง) - Some of the beautiful basketry products include "krato", a vegetable container, "kratip", a sticky rice container, handbags, and other containers.

Phu Thai Khok Kong Cultural Village (หมู่บ้านวัฒนธรรมผู้ไทยโคกโก่ง) - A small hillside village inhabited by the Phu Thai ethnic group.

Phu Faek Forest Park (วนอุทยานภูแฝก) and dinosaur footprints (แหล่งรอยเท้าไดโนเสาร์) - In Tambon Phu Laen Chang, hilly countryside covered with deciduous dipterocarp forest featuring various kinds of flora. It is easy to spot wild animals such as squirrels, tree shrews, civets and hares. There are four dinosaur footprints that can be seen clearly.

Do
Kalasin Pong Lang, Phrae Wa and Red Cross Fair (งานมหกรรมโปงลาง แพรวา และกาชาด จังหวัดกาฬสินธุ์) - Held annually in February in front of city hall. The festival features a colourful parade of each district decorated with a gigantic-sized "pong lang", a folk vertical xylophone, people dressed in traditional clothes, a cultural competition, and a beauty pageant.

Wichit Phrae Wa Silk Festival (งานมหกรรมวิจิตรแพรวาราชินีแห่งไหม) - Held annually on 12 August at the Rimpao Hotel to honour Queen Sirikit who is a patron of Phrae Wa silk. The queen's support also helps to create employment for local Phu Thai people.

Buy
Kalasin has various kinds of local products such as Phrae Wa silk, Mudmee silk, Khit textiles, basketry products, pounded pork and beef.

Go next

 * Roi Et

title: Kalasin


text:
Kalaupapa National Historical Park

Kalaupapa National Historical Park is on Molokai in Hawaii of the United States of America. Kalaupapa National Historical Park was established on 22 Dec 1980. The park is dedicated to preserving the memories and experiences of the past so valuable lessons may be learned. The park's mission is to provide a well-maintained community ensuring the present patient residents of the Kalaupapa Settlement may live out their lives there. The park also supports the education of present and future generations concerning Hansen's disease or leprosy, a disease shrouded in fear and ignorance for centuries.

Understand
The primary story being told at Kalaupapa National Historical Park is the forced isolation from 1866 until 1969 of people from Hawai'i afflicted with Hansen's disease (leprosy) to the remote northern Kalaupapa peninsula on the island of Molokai.

History
Few places in the world better illustrate the human capacity for endurance or for charity than the remote Kalaupapa Peninsula on the island of Moloka'i. The area achieved notoriety in 1865 when the Kingdom of Hawai`i instituted a century-long policy of forced segregation of persons afflicted with Hansen's disease, also known as leprosy. The Legislative Assembly had passed, and King Kamehameha V approved, An Act to Prevent the Spread of Leprosy to set apart land to seclude people believed capable of spreading the disease.

Once the decision was made, and the law passed, the government purchased lands and moved the Hawaiian residents to other homes. The village of Kalawao on the isolated Kalaupapa Peninsula thus became home to thousands of leprosy victims moved here from throughout the Hawaiian Islands.

Hawai`i's actions brought attention to the mysterious and dreaded disease that reached epidemic proportions in the islands in the late 1800s. With new cases threatening to eradicate the native population and no knowledge of what caused the disease, officials were desperate. At the time, there was no effective treatment and no cure. To government officials, isolation seemed the only answer.

The first group of Hansen's disease patients were sent to Kalawao on the eastern, or windward side of the Kalaupapa peninsula on 6 Jan 1866. The churches of Siloama, established in 1866 and St. Philomena, begun in 1872 and associated with the work of Father Damien (Joseph DeVeuster) are located at Kalawao. Father Damien's life and death among his people focused the attention of the world on the problem of this disease and the plight of its victims. After Damien's death in 1889, the people of England established a fund and a commission for the scientific investigation of the disease.

Eventually, the treatment of Hansen's disease progressed to the point where it could be controlled by antibiotics and rendered non-contagious. However, even after the quarantine was lifted in 1969, many residents chose to remain at the settlement. The state Department of Health provided that no new patients would be admitted, and those remaining can stay for the rest of their lives.

On the leeward side of the peninsula, Kalaupapa Settlement is still home for several surviving Hansen's disease patients whose memories and experiences are cherished values. Once a community in isolation, Kalaupapa now serves as a place for education and contemplation. The site became a national park in 1980 dedicated to preserving the memories and lessons of the past.

Climate
Kalaupapa is a warm, humid place.

Get in
Kalaupapa cannot be reached by automobile. No roads lead to the park because of the surrounding ocean and steep pali cliffs.

By plane
The park can be reached by air through commercial and charter flights from Honolulu, O`ahu, and from Hoolehua, Moloka`i.

By boat
Some visitors arrive by private boats and tie to buoys near the dock at Kalaupapa.

By foot (or mule)
Visitors may also reach the Kalaupapa peninsula by hiking or riding mules down the steep Kalaupapa Trail from the topside trailhead located off Highway 470 near Pala'au State Park and the Kalaupapa overlook. The trail links topside Moloka'i to the Kalaupapa Settlement and has a 1700-foot elevation change, is 3 miles long and has 26 switchbacks. At the bottom of the trail, visitors must connect with the commercial tour.

Damien Tours, owned and operated by a Kalaupapa resident, offer commercial tours of Kalaupapa daily, except Sundays and holidays. Call +1 808 567-6171 for tour reservations and information.

Mule rides on the Kalaupapa Trail can be arranged through Moloka'i Mule Rides, Inc, a National Park Service concession. For reservations call +1 808 567-6088 or +1-800-567-7550

Before the mule trip begins, travelers have reported guides giving instructions including a day pass, issued by the State of Hawai'i, to enter the colony and to leave the colony. You may take pictures of anything except of a resident. The fine for doing so is $500. Also, each mule has a name and you are required to commit the mule's name to memory. You may start to get apprehensive at this instruction as many of the mules had long Hawaiian names. It is easier for the guide to call out the mule's name than to try to remember your name. If you think mules are just overgrown donkeys, you may be in for a surprise. They're big - really big!

Once you're all mounted and preparing to depart for the trail, you'll be given final instructions: "The mules know exactly where they are going, just sit down and relax. Stay straight saddle and enjoy the views."

Fees and permits
The park is open 365 days each year. There are no opening and closing hours due to the restricted visitation and active Kalaupapa community of people. Commercial tours operate Monday through Saturday, except Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day and New Year's Day.

There is no entrance fee for the park, nor are there fees for any park facilities. There are costs involved with the commercial tours, mule rides and air flights.

All visitors must obtain a permit from the Hawai'i State Department of Health to enter the Kalaupapa Settlement. The commercial tour company arranges the permit for their customers. Guests of residents have their permits arranged by their sponsor. No children under the age of 16 are allowed in the Kalaupapa Settlement. Reservations are required for commercial tours of the settlement, mule rides on the trail and air flights. Visitors are encouraged to make these reservations in advance.

See
Visitors must take the commercial tour offered by a Kalaupapa resident unless they are guests of a resident. The tour provides stops at all major points of interest at Kalaupapa, including lunch at Kalawao on the windward side of the peninsula with scenic views of the north shore cliffs and off-shore islands.

Do
Look around. Look at the landscape: three sides of ocean and one of high (very high) cliffs effectively imprisoning residents forced there. Look at the cemeteries: only some of the many people who lived and died here are in marked graves. Look at the churches, buildings and remnants of buildings. And think that people afflicted with a then-incurable disease were (usually) forced to live there. A few relatives chose to accompany their ill family members. This is a poignant and important place.

Buy
The concession mule ride operator offers box lunches to those who ride the trail to Kalaupapa. All other visitors must bring their own lunches. No other supplies are available in the park. Guests of residents need to bring their own food supplies. Snacks and beverages are available at a local bar.

Lodging
Overnight stays at Kalaupapa are limited to guests of residents. The nearest lodging outside the park is in Kaunakakai, topside Moloka'i.

Camping
No camping is allowed in the park.

The nearest camping facility is located at Pala'au State Park, topside Moloka'i.

title: Kalaupapa National Historical Park