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Uganda

Uganda was called the Pearl of Africa by Winston Churchill. It is home to one of the most diverse and concentrated ranges of African fauna including the highly endangered mountain gorilla and the endangered common chimpanzee.

Uganda's accessibility and affordability make it an attractive destination for budget-conscious travelers. Although it may not have reached the same level of tourism development as more established destinations like Kenya, Tanzania, and South Africa, this actually works in Uganda's favor. The country's raw and authentic character offers a unique experience with less predictability, giving visitors a taste of the real Africa.

From the bustling city of Kampala to the picturesque villages and subsistence farms, Uganda is a place of stark contrasts that can be both delightful and frustrating. The country is renowned for its rare wildlife, especially the critically endangered mountain gorilla, but there are other primate species, birdwatching opportunities, Murchison Falls, trekking in the Rwenzoris, and white water rafting at the Nile's source that all contribute to the country's diverse attractions.

Cities and towns

 * — a bustling African capital. It is the only 'city' in Uganda
 * — in the NW corner of the country, reached by daily flights from Entebbe Airport or by bus from Kampala
 * — a collection of some upmarket residential streets and a slew of government offices on the shores of Lake Victoria, dominated by State House, the official residence of the Ugandan President. The location of Uganda's only international airport, about one hour south of Kampala by road
 * — on Lake Victoria at the source of the Nile and home to Nile Beer
 * — a clean and well-organised highland town surrounded by extensive tea plantations, a number of fine colonial buildings and a superb Rwenzori backdrop
 * — Gulu is the de facto capital of the north
 * — a southwestern town en route to several national parks
 * — a small town in the far south of the country near Lake Bunyonyi
 * — located in the extreme southwest corner of Uganda next to the borders with Rwanda and DR Congo. It is the closest large town to Mgahinga Gorilla National Park and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park

Other destinations

 * - fairly small reserve on the east bank of the Albert Nile
 * - with half of the world's population of mountain gorillas, this is the main place to see them
 * - a bit off the beaten track, this park is home to the beautiful Virunga Mountains as well as to its own gorilla troop and a range of other wildlife
 * - located in the extreme NE corner of Uganda on the South Sudan border. Incredible wildlife here that comes right up to the Apoka Lodge. Elephant, zebra, nile buffalo, kob often visit the lodge.
 * - along the river Nile, this excellent park offers great wildlife and bird watching and is home to the striking and powerful Murchison Falls.
 * has several parts to it, but the main section between Lake Edward and Lake George is a more concentrated version of East African parks as far as animals are concerned, although with less splendid vistas unless the mist-shrouded Ruwenzori Mountains are visible. The Ugandan Kob is an endemic antelope (and is on the coat of arms along with the crested crane, including on currency). Worth considering is a drive among volcanic crater lakes on the south edge of the Ruwenzori Range. Kazinga Channel has the greatest concentration of Hippos in Africa in this park and the park is home to the famous tree climbing lions.
 * near the town of Fort Portal is famed for chimpanzee tracking and is highly recommended. Twitchers will know that some of the best birding in central Africa is here too. The Kasese Crater Lakes are in the area.
 * is a mountain range in south-west Uganda bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is 120 km (75 mi) long and 48 km (30 mi) wide with its highest peak at Mt Stanley (5109 m/16,761 ft). The range was first described in the 2nd century by ancient Greek astronomer Ptolemy as the "Mountains of the moon", and first ascended in 1896 by Italian explorers. By the end of 2006, its ice cap has retreated from 6.4 km² (2.5 sq mi) a century ago, to less than 1.28 km² (0.5 sq mi). In the Rwenzori Mountains near Fort Portal you find Mitandi. The place represents a unique opportunity to explore the mountains and get to know the culture of the local Bakonzo mountain people.
 * is a beautiful stretch of islands on Victoria Lake with isolated beaches and a bit of jungle. Jungle walks you could easily manage on your own, spending half a day.
 * is probably one of the deepest lakes in Africa. Its twenty nine islands offer a variety of accommodation including backpackers and swimming is popular due to the small numbers of bilharzia parasites and absence of hippos and crocodiles. The lake is 25 km (15.5 mi) long and 7 km (4.3 mi) wide and lies at an altitude of 1,950 m (6,437 ft).
 * See also: African National Parks

Understand
During Uganda's era of British colonialism, settlement by Europeans was not allowed, and today there are few Caucasians in Uganda. The term for whites (or other foreigners) is muzungu (plural wazungu), and visitors should get used to hearing it shouted out by children in every corner of the country. It is not a derogatory term as such (it means something on the lines of "one who is searching"), so smile and wave in reply - if you can, do this over and over again. Otherwise, ignore.

History
Evidence of humans living in what is now Uganda stretches back to at least 50,000 years ago, and possibly up to 100,000 years ago, based on stone tools recovered in the area. These people were hunter-gatherers. Between 1,700 and 2,300 years ago, Bantu-speaking populations migrated from central and western Africa to the southern parts of Uganda. The Empire of Kitara in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries was the earliest forms of formal political organization, which was followed by the Bunyoro-Kitara kingdom, and in later centuries, Buganda and Ankole.

Arab traders moved inland from the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in the 1830s and were the first to bring Islam to the country. They were followed in the 1860s by British explorers searching for the source of the Nile. Protestant missionaries entered Uganda in 1877 and were followed by Catholic missionaries in 1879. The United Kingdom placed the area under the charter of the British East Africa Company in 1888, and ruled it as a protectorate from 1894. As several other territories and chiefdoms were integrated, the final protectorate called Uganda took shape in 1914. From 1900 to 1920, a sleeping sickness epidemic killed more than 250,000 people.

Uganda achieved independence from Britain in 1962, with the first elections held on 1 March 1961. Benedicto Kiwanuka of the Democratic Party became the first Chief Minister. Uganda became a republic the following year, maintaining its Commonwealth membership. In succeeding years, supporters of a centralized state vied with those in favour of a loose federation and a strong role for tribally-based local kingdoms. Political manoeuvring climaxed in February 1966, when Prime Minister Milton Obote suspended the constitution and assumed all government powers, removing the positions of president and vice president. In September 1967, a new constitution proclaimed Uganda a republic, gave the president even greater powers, and abolished the traditional kingdoms.

On 25 January 1971, Obote's government was ousted in a military coup led by the commander of the armed forces, Idi Amin Dada. Amin declared himself "president", dissolved the parliament, and amended the constitution to give himself absolute power. Idi Amin's eight-year rule produced economic decline, social disintegration, and massive human rights violations. The Acholi and Langi ethnic groups were particular targets of Amin's political persecution because they had supported Obote and made up a large part of the army. The ethnic Indian community, long resented for their perceived economic clout, were also targeted by Amin and expelled from Uganda in 1972. In 1978, the International Commission of Jurists estimated that more than 100,000 Ugandans had been murdered during Amin's reign of terror; some authorities place the figure as high as 300,000.

In October 1978, Tanzanian armed forces repulsed an incursion of Amin's troops into Tanzanian territory. The Tanzanian army, backed by Ugandan exiles waged a war against Amin's troops and the Libyan soldiers sent to help him. On 11 April 1979, Kampala was captured, and Amin fled with his remaining forces. This led to the return of Obote, who was deposed once more in 1985 by General Tito Okello. Okello ruled for six months until he was deposed after the so-called "bush war" by the National Resistance Army (NRA) operating under the leadership of the current president, Yoweri Museveni, and various rebel groups, including the Federal Democratic Movement of Andrew Kayiira, and another belonging to John Nkwanga.

Museveni has been in power since 1986. In the mid to late 1990s, he was lauded by the West as part of a new generation of African leaders.

Geography
Uganda is mostly plateau with a rim of mountains and rainforests in the west and savanna in the north. It lies on the southern edge of Lake Victoria and includes many islands.

Climate
Although generally equatorial, Uganda's climate is not uniform as it varies by altitude, proximity to Lake Victoria and rainfall. Southern Uganda is wetter with rain generally spread throughout the year. At Entebbe on the northern shore of Lake Victoria, most rain falls from the March to June and November to December period. Further to the north a dry season gradually emerges; at Gulu about 120 km from the South Sudanese border, November to February is much drier than the rest of the year.

Northeastern Uganda has the driest climate and is prone to droughts in some years. Rwenzori in the southwest on the border with DR Congo receives heavy rain all year round. The south of the country is heavily influenced by one of the world's biggest lakes, Lake Victoria, which contains many islands. It prevents temperatures from varying significantly and increases cloudiness and rainfall.

People
Uganda is home to 10 different ethnic groups including the Baganda, the largest ethnic group, who comprise just over 15% of the population. The country had a sizable community of 80,000 Indians before they were expelled by Idi Amin in 1972, though some have returned since Amin's overthrow.

Tourist information

 * Uganda website

Visa requirements
Ugandan visas are issued online at visas.immigration.go.ug or at embassies and High Commissions. The Uganda Visa Policy uses the principle of reciprocity: those who hold passports of countries that require visas for Ugandans mist get visas to visit Uganda.

The only way to get a Ugandan visa is via online E visa which cost US$51 single entry. or US$101 for a multiple-entry East Africa visa.

E-Visa fees as of Jan 2023:
 * Single Entry good for 90 days US$51.
 * Inland Transit US$51.
 * East Africa Multiple entry tourist visa valid for 90 days US$101.

Because multiple-entry visas are expensive and must be obtained from Uganda's diplomatic missions abroad, tourists may want to consider the East Africa Tourist Visa first issued in 2014 that allows travel between Kenya, Rwanda'and Uganda with multiple entries in a 90-day period for US$101 and without "restrictions on country of origin". You buy this visa online (or when you get to Kenya or Rwanda if that is your first port). However, since some airlines may refuse to board you without the assurance of a visa, Rwanda has established an webpage on-line website to issue these, which means that some tourists may want to first land at Rwanda's capital airport of Kigali rather than Entebbe or Nairobi since this visa must be issued by the country that you first plan to visit (similar principle to Schengen visas in the EU).

Countries exempted from visas: Angola, Antigua, Bahamas, Botswana, Barbados, Belize, Comoros, Cyprus, Eritrea, Eswatini, Fiji, Gambia, Grenada, Ireland, Jamaica, Kenya, Lesotho, Madagascar, Malawi, Malta, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Tanzania, Tonga, Vanuatu, South Sudan, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Visa extension
You can get a free one-month visa extension at immigration offices in Kampala, Fort Portal, Jinja and Mbarara. However, you can not get a visa extension on a 90-day East African tourist visa, but only on a 90-day single entry Uganda visa.

By plane
Entebbe International Airport is the hub for Ugandan air travel. Many flights to cities in Africa take place from here.

 * Uganda Airlines flies directly from Nairobi, Dar es Salaam, Mogadishu, Juba, Bujumbura, Mombasa and Kilimanjaro.
 * South African Airways has daily flights direct from Johannesburg.
 * Turkish Airlines has daily flights from its Istanbul hub with onward connections to Europe and Asia.
 * Emirates offers daily flights from Dubai on Boeing 777-200LR with onward connections to Europe, North America, and Asia.
 * Ethiopian Airlines offers a daily service from Addis Ababa on Boeing 737s, with onward connections to many African countries, Europe and Asia.
 * Qatar airways flies daily from Doha with connections from Europe and Asia.
 * KLM fly daily from Amsterdam either via Nairobi or direct.
 * Kenya Airways flies from Nairobi four times a day.
 * Brussels Airlines flies from Brussels.
 * Egypt Air flies from Cairo with connections from Europe.
 * Fly Dubai, a low-cost airline. Flights from Dubai, with connections from many Asia countries.
 * RwandAir flies from Kigali, Nairobi, Juba.
 * Fly-Sax airlines flies from Nairobi.
 * Air Tanzania flies from Dar es Salaam and Kilimanjaro.
 * Precision Air flies from Dar es Salaam.
 * Jambojet flies from Nairobi.

By car
In theory, visitors with their own vehicles should be able to enter Uganda at any of the border crossings which lie on a main road, such as the roads from Kenya through Busia and Malaba. A carnet du passage is required for private vehicles, including motorcycles, while a single entry tourist visa should be easily obtained for US$100.

By international bus
Uganda is well served by a number of reputable international bus companies. Several bus companies offer direct routes from Nairobi, Mombasa, Kigali, Bujumbura, Goma, Bukavu Juba, Kisumu, Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Lusaka, and Harare to Kampala. All of these buses will, in theory, allow travellers to alight at main towns along the route, e.g. in Jinja if coming from the Kenyan border to Kampala. A typical journey between Kampala and Nairobi lasts approximately 12 hours, including the border crossing. the bus ride from Kampala to Kisumu takes 7 hours and costs USh 43,000 on Easy Coach.

 * Simba Coaches goes all the way to Kampala from Harare Zimbabwe via Nairobi, Dar es Salaam, and Lusaka Zambia.
 * Easy Coach has three buses a day to Kampala from Nairobi via Kisumu 06:30 and 14:00 and 18:00 USh 43,000/65,000.
 * Trinity Transporters has buses to Kampala from Kigali for USh 40,000. Goma DRC for US$14. Bukavu DRC for US$17.
 * Jaguar Executive coaches has two buses a day to Kampala from Kigali for USh 40,000.
 * Mash Poa bus company has buses from Nairobi three times a day. Fares from USh 65,000 and a bus to Kigali USh 40,000
 * Modern Coast Express have three buses a day from Nairobi via Kisumu USh 50,000/65,000, and Kigali USh 40,000.
 * Dreamline Express Ltd have a bus at 05:30 to Kampala from Nairobi USh 65,000

By boat
There are ferries going to Ssese Islands in Lake Victoria. Uganda has some brilliant island resorts.

By boda-boda
In Kampala and some other towns, the boda-boda is a good way to get from place to place. These are small mopeds, motorcycles, bicycles or scooters with cushions on the back and are cheap transport as used by locals. If using a boda-boda, be extremely careful as they are frequently involved in accidents; however, in spite of this, they are a fun and fast way to get around. If you advise the driver that you want him to drive slower and safer, he may actually listen to you.

Make sure you agree on the price before you get on the bike. They will try and charge more claiming it was further than thought. Some may get aggressive, say you will call the police and they will calm down. Always be polite and non aggressive.

Make sure you tell them to drive slowly. Many foreigners and locals are injured and killed on Boda Bodas in Uganda.

By bus
Uganda has a decent bus system. There are two classes of buses. The "taxis" (also called "matatus") are actually minibuses or commuter vans, which run fixed routes (see below).

There are also real buses which run less frequently, usually leaving Kampala early in the morning. There are many companies most of which leave from the same general area. For example, Postbus has safe, comfortable and reliable buses going to most towns in Uganda. They depart from Kampala General post office from 07:00/08:00. The buses fill up, so if you get on mid-trip, you'll be spending some time standing or sitting in the aisle before somebody gets off and you can get a seat.

Both buses and taxis run along most roads between cities, paved (sealed) or dirt.

Domestic bus travel is cheap and reasonable between major centres, and is a good choice for backpackers with time, but may not run reliably on schedule. A trip from Kampala to Masindi takes about 4 hours and costs approximately USh 12,000.

Buses and "taxis" do not run on fixed schedules. Rather, they leave their terminal stop when they are completely full. On heavily travelled routes, they fill up within minutes and this is not a problem. However, on less travelled routes (or if getting on a large bus), be prepared to wait a while before departure.

 * Link Bus Services have buses going to and from Kampala to Fort Portal, Kasese, Hoima, Masindi, Masaka.
 * Post bus Uganda has big red 67 seat buses going to 1. Gulu, 2. Kabale via Masaka and Mbarara. 3. kisoro via Masaka and Mbarara and Kabale. 4. Lira via Jinja and Mbale. 5. Kitgum via Gula. the fare from Kampala to Kabale is USh 25.000. Masaka 10,000. Mbarara 15,000. Kisoro 30,000. Lira 30,000. Mbale 15,000. Jinja 5,000. Gula 25,000. Kitgum 30,000. (Nov 2015)
 * Modern Coast

By taxi
The best way to get around Kampala and the neighbouring towns is by using minibus-type taxis called "taxi". This is the most efficient and cost-effective method of transportation in urban areas, but try not to get ripped off by the conductors as they sometimes try to overcharge tourists. They usually take 14 passengers plus a conductor, though in smaller country towns overcrowding still occurs. Minibus taxis are relatively cheap, frequent (in Kampala), and may make lots of stops along the way.

They run along fixed routes, picking up and dropping off people anywhere along the route. If you want to get on, stand at the side of the road and wave your arm. To get off, say "stage" and the driver will pull over and let you off at the next boda boda waiting area. You can also just say "Driver, please pull over at X". They're not marked with destinations unless you are at the central taxi parks, so you'll have to listen to the destinations that the drivers are yelling out the window. If you're not sure where to catch a taxi going to your destination (especially at Kampala's two taxi parks, which are huge!), just ask a nearby driver or conductor, and they'll probably be able to point you in the right direction.

Private taxis - those which you can hire for yourself only, are called special hire taxis, and are available in most every decent sized town. Fares are negotiable over long distances as there are no meters.

Little ride hailing app works in Uganda.

By car
The roads in Uganda are comparable to many in sub-Saharan Africa. Most of the main roads are tarmaced, although the condition of them can deteriorate in patches. Some become extremely pot holed. Many of the minor roads and side roads are made of hard packed earth (murram) and, when graded, are quite quick and reasonable. However, the conditions can vary from season to season and they will deteriorate in heavy rains and wash boarding frequently occurs. The best way to deal with the wash boarding is not to slow down, but to find a speed sympathetic to the road surface and effectively skip from ridge to ridge. Untarred roads, if wet, may be impassable in the mountainous regions of the south-west. Commercial drivers of buses and trucks compound the danger, as do pedestrians, livestock, cyclists, dogs and the odd police roadblock. Plan on 60 km/h as a typical rate of travel, although the speed will vary. The best advice is drive cautiously and stay totally alert.

When planning a journey, it is best not to ask how far it is but to ask how long it will take. Local drivers normally have a good idea of how long journeys will take.

As going around with public transport may not suit the safari-going tourist, as it is hard to reach the national parks, opting to hire a car can be a budget friendly alternative. A sensible choice is to hire a 4x4 with a driver given that you will need local language assistance and expertise should something happen on the roads. Most places have accommodation and meals for drivers as this is common among travelers. A cheap option is likely to leave you stranded somewhere remote and that can mean days of your itinerary lost. Unless you are comfortable paying cash in advance without a signed contract and no network to help you get out of a breakdown, the best recommendation is to go to one of the major agencies. Nevertheless, Uganda is a country which is suitable for self-drive, taking the above described conditions into consideration, as it is safe,

There are several companies in Kampala that offer car hire, with and without a driver.

By train
As of late 2021, limited rail services are available in and around the capital Kampala, mainly aimed at commuters. National operator Uganda Railways Corporation has stated that some intercity passenger trains will return in 2023-2024 but it is unclear which routes are affected. Kampala to Malaba (Kenya border) via Jinja and Tororo.

Talk
English is widely spoken as the lingua franca, though to varying degrees of fluency. British English is used by the most educated, but Ugandan English often takes on a life of its own. Dozens of African languages are spoken in Uganda, the most common being Luganda, which is almost universally understood in Kampala. Swahili may come in handy in places, especially the North and East. Although many Ugandans do not speak Swahili at all, it is a common trade language that has become another lingua franca in the East African region.

A few words or stock phrases in the various dialects are very easy to learn and most locals will be delighted to help you learn the highly ritualised greeting, and, in turn, every person that you greet in this way will be delighted to meet you.

 * oli otya (olio-tia) = How are you?
 * bulungi/gyendi (bulunji/jiendi) = I am fine
 * kale (kal-eh) = ok
 * nyabo = madam; ssebo = sir
 * muzungu = European (but used more commonly to refer to all foreign and, especially, all white people)

You will hear lots of ecstatic children waving, jumping, hopping and singing "mzungu" as you drive past.

See

Uganda does not lack for accessible travel highlights. Dubbed by Winston Churchill as the Pearl of Africa, Uganda is celebrated for its beautiful nature and its hospitable people. Still one of the poorest countries in the world, and still recovering from some very dark years, Uganda is nowadays an accessible country to visit and experience sub-Saharan Africa in its full capacity. Tourism is growing, yet still authentic, and Uganda does not lack in tourist facilities. Though, it is not the place to go for great architecture or an abundance of urban sights, instead, its riches lie in its amazing variety of wildlife, landscapes and culture. With half of the remaining mountain gorillas and all of the Big Five living in the countries stunning national parks, wildlife watching is by far the main attraction.

With wide, dry savannah in the north, thick rainforest in the centre and lush, snow-peaked mountain landscapes in the east, natural beauty comes in many ways here. Unesco listed Rwenzori Mountains National Park is home to the tallest mountain range of the continent, covered in thick jungle on the lower slopes and frozen moorlands on higher ones. Several of its highest peaks are covered year round in snow and glaciers. The highest mountain is Mt. Stanley, third highest in Africa. Head to the gorgeous Lake Bunyonyi and rise early to see the morning fog draw out. Watch fishermen at work from the shores of the Victoria Lake, the largest lake in Africa; the white beaches of Kalangala make for an excellent spot. Also on Lake Victoria are the Ssese Islands, great for some beach time.

Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, also listed as a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a unique safari spot in the world. The Bwindi population of 340 wild mountain gorillas, half of the total remaining number of this critically endangered primate, is a major draw. The park is home to a total of 10 primate species and some 110 other mammal species (including African elephants), over 350 bird species and some 200 butterflies, and 220 tree species, the dense forests here are one of the most divers ecosystems in Africa. The most accessible and therefore also most popular safari spot is Queen Elizabeth National Park, with dozens of large animals commonly seen. Of particular interest is the population of tree climbing lions living here, lion behaviour seen only here and in Tanzania. Your best chance of seeing the wide variety of wildlife in this area comes with an early morning visit to the plains around the Kazinga channel, which attracts animals of all kinds year round.

Uganda's diversity of bird life is spectacular. While good birding options can be found in most of the national parks, Kibale Forest National Park is an especially good pick and also famous for its chimpanzee tracking. Impressive waterfalls can be found in Murchison Falls National Park

Uganda's urban life has a limited number of attractions to offer, but the twin cities of Kampala and Entebbe do make for an interesting stop. Just some 35 km apart, these two towns are remarkably different in character. The only true city in Uganda, Kampala is safer and less chaotic than most of its African counterparts, and the Kasubi Tombs (while damaged) and National Museum are worthwhile sights. Much smaller and prettier is the former capital, Entebbe. Its lovely location on the shores of Lake Victoria and the lush National Botanical Gardens make this a pleasant place to stay if you're flying in or out.

Do
For where to go to see Uganda '' s wildlife, all images taken by Wikimedia Commons user Charlesjsharp have precise gelocation information [1]
 * Go gorilla tracking in Bwindi Impenetrable National Park. You'll need to buy a permit which must be booked a long time ahead due to limited availability (only a few tourists are taken near the gorillas a day, in order not to disturb them). With a permit you are allowed one hour at very close hand to a group of the highly endangered mountain gorilla in their natural habitat. Uganda Wildlife Authority handles the sale of permits which cost US$700 each (Sep 2023), or you can book via a tour operator who will organise the permits and other aspects of your gorilla safari for you. Tracking takes place from four different start points, to up to 11 different habituated gorilla families, so it's important to check the permit availability against your transport and accommodation plans.
 * Rafting on the Nile. Uganda is a world class rafting destination and several companies arrange trips down the Nile - from half a day to 2-day trips, from peaceful family trips to very adventurous grade 5 rafting. A rafting adventure with transport from Kampala, including food & drink, will cost about US$125.
 * Quad biking. Near the Spring of the Nile you can rent quad bikes (a 4-wheeled motorbike - also known as All Terrain Bike) for a speedy (and dusty) sightseeing trip with a local guide.
 * Do horse riding safari around the Nile and local villages.
 * Go on a Safari. For reputable tour operators to suit a variety of budgets, check out the Association of Uganda Tour Operators.
 * Go to Sipi, about 1 hour from Mbale. It's a beautiful little town on top of a hill, sporting fantastic views on and hikes to waterfalls. It is worth paying for a local guide - many members of the local community support their family this way and it is worth the fee just to stop everyone tailing you, trying to offer their own guiding services, if you set off without one. Great place to stay over night in Sipi is the Crow's nest with amazing views onto the waterfalls. Crows nest is alright but do not expect hotel quality service, and because of their slow service and bad food bringing our own food is recommended.

The images can be found in galleries of mammals and birds  etc

Learn

 * Makerere University in Kampala is a world class institution.

Money
The national currency is the Ugandan shilling, sometimes written as "USh" or "Shs" (ISO code: UGX). You'll also see this notation: 5,000/-. There are banknotes in denominations of Ush50,000, 20,000, 10,000, 5000, 2000 and 1000 and coins in denominations of 500, 200, 100, and 50 shillings (10, 5, and 1 shilling coins exist but are rarely used). Do not accept banknotes from the 1987 series of notes: they are not valid, and you cannot exchange them at banks.

Some bigger hotels and restaurants accept US dollars as payment, and safaris and rafting activities are often priced in USD. These activities can be paid in Ugandan shillings, but a poor exchange rate is often offered. Also, there is often an extra fee (typically around 5%) on the use of credit cards. This means that it can be useful to bring USD to cover these activities. The obvious trade-off is that you must carry a large amount of USD.

ATMs
ATMs accept debit and credit cards throughout the country. Mastercard and Visa card branded cards are accepted by most ATMs. DTB, Stanbic, Ecobank, Equity Bank, Kenya Commercial Bank, GT Bank, UBA, I&M Bank ATMs are the best ones to use. Different ATMs allow for different maximum withdrawals of USh 400,000-2,000,000, though the usual amount is USh 1000,000. There are many ATMs at Entebbe Airport; given that it is impossible to buy Ugandan shillings outside of Uganda and in countries bordering Uganda, withdrawing shillings from the airport ATMs is the easiest option. ATM withdraw fees are from 3400-12100 per use.

 * DTB have no withdraw fees at all at their ATMs in Uganda for overseas Mastercards or visa cards cards.

ATMs may close due to lack of money or system problems. In Kampala, watch out for pickpockets who follow tourists from one bank's ATM to another when cards are not accepted.

Credit cards are accepted at businesses, usually the larger hotels, airlines, supermarkets and shops in big shopping malls.

American Express, Union Pay, JCB, Diners Club, Maestro, and Discover cards can be used to get cash at any Equity Bank ATMs of which there are many all over Uganda.

travellers cheques are no longer used. so don't bother bringing them into Uganda.

Costs
Food and goods are cheap. On a shoestring you can get by on Ush75,000 a day, excluding park visits and other expensive activities.

Make sure you bargain for everything you buy around town except in the bigger stores and malls. Never pay face value when buying from the local vendors. Hotels can be costly, so if you are a student it would be a good idea to look for a hostel in Kampala.

Most people have to buy a visa when they arrive at the airport; in July 2016 this cost US$50 (single-entry 3-month). Bills must be newer than 2003. Most people get the 90-day East African visa for US$100 which is valid for Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda.

Tipping is not part of Ugandan culture and not expected, but that doesn't mean it will not be appreciated.

Eat
Food from Uganda is a sensation.

You can sample the luwombo, which is meat or groundnut sauce steamed in banana leaves. It has a tantalising aroma, and is always served with "food", which in Ugandan parlance indicates any carbohydrate. The staple "food" varies from region to region, with the plantain matooke in the south, millet in the north, and potatoes in the west. Cassava, posho (made from ground maize), sweet potatoes and rice are other common "foods". The whole fried fish is succulent, though mostly available at the beach, and usually served with chips/French fries. Other common options around Kampala include the traditional matooke, binyebwa (groundnut sauce), chapati, and meat stew. For the less adventurous, toasted sandwiches or omelets can be found in many places.

If this does not appeal, it is best (and far more interesting) to stop at roadside stands or markets to purchase fresh produce—fruits and vegetables abound and are very affordable, to say nothing of the roasted chicken or goat on a stick. There are also a number of fast-food places, such as Nando’s, Steers, Domino’s Pizza, and Hungry Lion, all in the city centre. The Ugandan Rolex is a popular delicacy all over the country made in a combination of an egg, onions and vegetables omelette rolled up in a chapati.

A basic local dish starts at around USh 1,500, and goes up to USh 5,600.A slice of pineapple from a street vendor can cost as little as USh 300.

See the Fang Fang Hotel below for good Chinese food in Kampala. Other Chinese restaurants with good food include Fang Fang Restaurant (different and more expensive from the hotel), and Golden China restaurant, all located in the city centre, and Nanjing Hotel in Kololo Hill.

In Entebbe, try the Boma Guesthouse on Gowers Rd. (see below under Sleep). Local food in Entebbe can be found at the Golf Course Restaurant and at the Airport Motel among other places.

In Jinja, the Ling Ling offers some great Chinese food. On Main Street the Source Café has a great variety of food, and you can surf the web while you eat.

Drink
Coffee is one of the best products from Uganda, but the British hooked the locals on tea, so finding a decent cup of native coffee is nearly impossible, especially outside of Kampala. In Kampala, try the coffee house 1000 Cups on Buganda Road. The Source Cafe in Jinja sells Ugandan coffee at the airport, Banana Boat stores, and many hotels. The coffee is marketed under the name Kiira Kawa (River Coffee). Good African Coffee and Cafe Pap are good restaurants for food or coffee in the Kampala area. In Jinja, the Source Cafe has incredible cappuccino, or when you are in the west at Hotel Mountains of the Moon in Fort Portal

Chai tea is available widely, and is best in the rural areas near the tea plantations. You will see signs posted on shops and kiosks where it can be purchased.

Lower-end South African wine is available in some restaurants, but stick with the beer. Any of the four major brands are acceptable, though the Pilsner brand is the only one made without added corn sugar for those who care about such things.

Sleep
There are many hotels in Uganda. If you go on the higher end you will pay high prices, over US$100 per night. Standard traveller Guest houses, Lodges and Inns will have simple rooms with shared bathrooms for USh 15,000-30,000.

For the real budget traveler there are various backpackers' hostels in Kampala, Entebbe, Jinja, Masaka, Fort Portal, Kabale. to choose from and to base yourself at, including Kampala Backpackers, Entebbe backpackers, Masaka backpackers, Yes hostel Fort portal, Jinja backpackers, Kabale backpackers. Some are better than others, and may suit different preferences, so it's best to explore the reviews on Trip Advisor to assess what would be best for you. A stay in one of these will cost USh 9,000-18,000 a night, depending on whether you camp or stay in a dorm. They also offer private rooms or safari tents, and some have self-catering cottages which are great for long stay/groups. These are most frequently used by Truck tours which are popular with the less independent traveler.

There are also Bed & Breakfast establishments to make you have a homely feel at the lowest rates.

National parks
The options provided in the national parks by UWA are generally basic, but inexpensive compared to alternatives. They vary in amenities and price, and the cheapest can be as little as US$5 or less per person per night.

Few moderately priced options are available, and the high end, while expensive, are substandard compared to the high end options of Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa and other mature tourist destinations in Africa. Unfortunately, few alternatives are available. There are some notable exceptions, but best to go either highest end or stay in the UWA budget accommodations and spend more on a better vehicle.

Stay safe
Uganda has been home to some of the more gruesome atrocities in modern African history since its independence in 1962, particularly under the heinous dictator Idi Amin, but in the years since 1987 things have consistently improved. Today, Uganda is stable after 30 years of stereotypically 'strong man' rule by Yoweri Museveni. Kampala has changed into a major centre of East African trade.

In the 2010s, female tourists have been victims of attacks and sexual assaults, and are advised never to walk alone at night.

Travel north to Murchison Falls National Park and Ajai Game Reserve is safe. Overlanders from Tanzania and Kenya regularly make the trip routing through Jinja.

As in any urban area, Kampala can be dodgy. One is well advised to remain in tourist areas, but sensibly garbed visitors not dangling the latest cameras, flashy jewellery or bulging bags are not likely to draw unwanted attention to themselves. Some jihadist groups have threatened the country due to its counter-jihad activities in Amisom (the UN force in Somalia).

However, any non-blacks walking in the street stand out and are likely to be stared at openly, which may cause discomfort to those unaccustomed to travelling in Africa. Individuals of East Asian appearance will be assumed to be Chinese, and often will be subjected to "ni hao" or imitations of Chinese languages (e.g. "Ching chong"). While potentially offensive to Asians raised in Western countries, it is not necessarily intended to be rude and is almost never a sign of anti-Asian hostility.

What little begging exists is some of the most polite and inoffensive you will find in African cities, and not worse than anywhere in the West. Small children are sadly becoming a nuisance in some rural spots frequented by tourists doling out sweets and coins but it is nowhere near the swarming throng one can attract in many cities around the world.

Since an incident in the late 1990s in the gorilla tracking region of the Bwindi Impenetrable Forest National Park near the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo, all groups are accompanied with armed guards. There is a visible security presence in the region.

Some jihadists have engaged in retaliatory activities in protest at the counter-jihad policies of Museveni.

LGBT travellers
Uganda is among the most dangerous destinations for gay and lesbian travellers. In 2023, the Uganda government passed the "Anti-Homosexuality Act", which punishes same-sex sexual activity with life imprisonment or even death, promoting homosexuality with 20 years of imprisonment, and failing to report suspected homosexuals with six months of imprisonment.

The law is widely supported in Ugandan society (even by young Ugandans) as well as in the government; only one MP voted against the Anti-Homosexuality Act.

Emergency contact numbers
Uganda has national emergency contact numbers, but don't expect to get a response.

 * Ambulance: 911
 * Police/Fire: 112 or 999. The Uganda Police Force has a longer list of numbers, including regional and local offices.

Besides the national numbers, you can also try calling local police or medical services, but this is not guaranteed to be any more effective, especially during off hours.

Stay healthy
The healthcare system is incredibly underdeveloped and is well below western standards.

The HIV/AIDS infection rate is very high (although it is lower than in neighbouring countries). Do not have unprotected sex.

Ebola and Marburg haemorrhagic fevers have been endemic within certain regions of the country. The vectors of these viruses are unknown, but have been thought to be linked with bats. Therefore, visitors should avoid (or be extremely cautious when) entering any caves. If you are bitten by an animal, assume that the animal was infected by a disease and seek prompt medical attention.

Take precautions against malaria. Malarial mosquitoes are present throughout most lower lying areas of the country. It is worth seeking out a packet of Artenam while you are in Kampala if you are travelling up-country. Artenam is a reliable treatment and works on chloroquine-resistent malaria strains too.

Diarrhoea and intestinal worms are also a concern and visitors should be careful what they eat or drink. Carry hand sanitizer to use before meals. Be sure to wash fresh produce well before eating and avoid raw foods in restaurants. As a precaution, visitors should secure ciprofloxacin before they exit their home country because it can be used as a cure.

Many of the lakes have Schistosomiasis. Check with the locals and do not paddle on the lake shore if you're not sure.

Drink bottled water, usually called mineral water in local restaurants. Water flowing from taps is not treated.

Respect

Uganda has a fairly conservative Christian/Muslim-based society. It is generally not considered acceptable for women to wear skimpy clothing or to overtly display their sexuality. The only exception is in certain night life situations in Kampala. Most Ugandans go to church/mosque regularly and consider religion an important part of a moral society.

Never criticise religion or speak about religion from a secular or agnostic point of view, as it might result in puzzled, confused stares or looks.

You will not be taken seriously if you wear shorts outside the obvious tourist destinations and most Ugandan adults would never wear shorts except if playing sport. Use a pair of light trousers to blend in better. Most women wear skirts in rural areas, but trousers are acceptable in cities and larger towns.

In central Kampala, women can dress pretty much like in any big western city. Women dressing smartly in tight sleeveless tops, tight jeans, or dresses or skirts that do not cover the knees is a very common sight there. As a foreigner you do not need to avoid dressing up, although for safety reasons it is wise to avoid wearing expensive jewellery or similar accessories.

A handshake is the most common form of greeting. If your hands are wet or dirty you may offer your wrist instead of your hand.

Don't be surprised if you see two men holding hands. This is not a sign of homosexuality, which is forbidden by law and is punishable, but rather of friendship.

Connect
Mobile phone network coverage is available in most parts of the country (over 80%), but geography can cause trouble in the mountainous regions. SIM cards are cheaply available everywhere in 'starter packs' but need to be registered before use.

Internet cafes can be readily found in Kampala and Jinja and In all towns with more than about 20,000 people you'll find internet cafes running off of either VSATs or mobile phones. The Internet connection bandwidth is very low and can be frustrating for those who are used to a high speed internet connection.

Mobile broadband (4G, 3G, HSDPA, HSPA, HSPA+ [21mbps]) is available in most places. Africell and Airtel has mobile broadband available in larger places. In the more rural areas, a slower (EDGE) connection might be available. If a mobile broadband connection is desirable on a computer, a good option could be to bring a phone that can set up a Wi-Fi network providing internet access, or one that allows USB tethering. USB broadband modems are also available. but might be more expensive but also need to be registered before use.

Other networks include MTN, UTL Uganda Telecom and Vodafone Uganda.

As of 2021, the registration process for new SIM cards is rather arduous: besides digital copies of your passport, a photo of you holding the SIM card is taken, and even your fingerprint is taken electronically!

Some examples of price for mobile broadband on a phone through:
 * Africell can get a (free sim card) for there mobile broadband. 1GB cost USh 34,500 good for one month, and 3GB cost USh 59,500 good for one month. Africell Unlimited Internet for one month is USh 299,000.
 * Airtel: in 2021 a SIM card costs about USh 2000. Add another USh 16,000 for 4.5GB of data (no expiry date).

title: Uganda


text:
Uglich

Uglich (Russian: Углич, OOGH-leech) is a small town in Yaroslavl Oblast of Russia, 240 km north of Moscow. Located at the picturesque bank of the Volga River, Uglich is one of Russia's few historical and well-preserved riverine tourist destinations. The town is often included into the Golden Ring of Russia.

The local population of 32,000 (2018) doubles during the summer when this lovely town hosts weekenders from Moscow and other cities, as well as organized tourist groups brought by buses and ships. Thanks to this popularity, Uglich is changing rapidly from a Russia's usual backwater provincial place into an attractive point with all necessary infrastructure and the potential for further development.

History
Uglich is one of the oldest cities of Russia. According to archeologists, a settlement at the place of the modern kremlin of Uglich existed roughly since the beginning of Christian era. But it is estimated, that the town was founded in 937 AD. However, Uglich was firstly mentioned in chronicles in 1148 AD.

Since 1218 Uglich had been the capital of the small Uglich Princedom until in the beginning of 14th century when the princedom was sold to Muscovia as a part of Russia unification from the feudal fragmentation.

During the period of Ivan The Terrible ruling, Uglich helped this tsar to invade Kazan: the locals built a moveable wooden fortress, which was floated down the Volga river. This fortress also acted as the foundation of Sviyazhsk town near Kazan.

After Ivan The Terrible's death in 1584 his baby son, the crown prince Dmitry was relocated to Uglich with his mother. Seven years after, on May 15, 1591, the most famous event in Uglich's history happened: young Dmitry was killed. This led to a civil disorder in the city. After its suppression 200 citizens were executed to death, and Dmitry's mother was forced to take the vows. Left without a tsar's successor, Russia entered one of the darkest periods of its history, known as The Great Disturbance (Великая смута), which finished in 1613 with Romanov Dynasty accession. As for Prince Dmitry, later he was canonized by Russian Orthodox Church as a saint martyr.

During The Great Disturbance of 17th century Uglich was ruined by Poles, recovering very slowly after that. It is said by historians that before this devastation, being at the top of its flourishing, Uglich had 3 cathedrals, 150 churches, 12 monasteries, and the population of 40,000 (compare to 32,000 in 2018).

Another breakdown of the town emerged by the end of 19th century. The absence of railroad connection made Uglich less interesting for business and development, than neighboring cities, where stations were built.

During the Soviet period Uglich got its industrial component. In 1939 Uglich Dam was built, flooding many neighboring villages and the central part of Kalyazin. A year after the town finally got the railroad connection. During the WWII Uglich was a base for children evacuation from blockade Leningrad.

After the Soviet Union collapse Uglich passed through an industrial decline. In the other hand, the tourist industry of the town started to grow.

Get in
Uglich is located outside of major travel hubs and routes (and this makes this town more charming). The most suitable transit point for reaching the town is Moscow, having also the proximate airports; travel from Saint Petersburg is also possible.

By car
Going to Uglich by car is the most convenient travelling option, particularly if you are familiar with driving in Russia. Take the M8 highway from Moscow, turn to Sergiev Posad and continue with the regional P104 road. The total driving distance from Moscow to Uglich is 240 km.

Another option (especially for those who are visiting other Golden Ring destinations) is to take the M8 highway to Rostov Veliky, turning there left to the P153 road. Longer distance is compensated with a great monastery view at Borisoglebsky (18 km from Rostov Veliky).

Continue driving to the north from Uglich will bring you to Myshkin (30 km), Rybinsk (72 km), Cherepovets (255 km) and, finally, to Saint Petersburg (800 km).

Expect the lack or absence of bilingual signage everywhere and use satellite navigation if possible.

By bus
Bus service to Uglich is relatively frequent and reliable. Most buses stop at the town's central bus station in the downtown (ul. Berggolts, 15A). You can reach the town from the following points:

 * Moscow (from the Central Bus Station at Schelkovskaya metro station, from Aeroport and VDNKh metro stations) - 2-3 times daily in business days, up to 7 times daily in weekends. 5 - 5½ hours.
 * Yaroslavl (from the Bus Station with a stop at Yaroslavl Glavny train station) - 1-2 times per hour, 2½ - 3 hours.
 * Myshkin - 10 times per day, 1 hour.
 * Rostov Veliky - 1 time per day (early morning, with transfer to Yaroslavl), 1½ hours.
 * Rybinsk - 4-5 times per day, 1 hr 40 min.
 * Tver - 2 times per week (Fridays and Sundays).

By train

Uglich train station is located approximately 2 km away from the town center. The rail link to Uglich is a minor and deadlocked one, so do not expect Russia's usual relative conveniency of travelling by trains: here they are slow and irregular.

The town has overnight train connections with Moscow (9 hours) and Saint Petersburg (16 hours). Their schedule depends on season, so check the options carefully in advance. (Only 3rd class is available.)

Adventurous travellers can also use an option of travelling from Saint Petersburg through Bologoye - the midpoint station between Saint Petersburg and Moscow. Trains from Bologoye proceed to Uglich 3 times a week, a ride takes 9 hours.

There is also a local commuter train going to Uglich from Kalyazin (daily June–September, 2-3 times a week off-season).

By boat
As a riverine historical town, Uglich is included into the Volga cruise routes. In the summer the pier of Uglich is quite a busy place supplying the town with new and new portions of tourists. You can buy a cruise tour and join them, but do not expect any regular ship connections to use.

Get around
The major attractions of the town are in its central part, within walking distances between them and accommodation facilities.

Museums

Festivals
Each year Uglich hosts a number of festivals, some of them attract international participants:

Eat
Most restaurants in Uglich expectably offer Russian cuisine. In Saturdays (especially in summer) finding a place to eat can be an issue, as many of them are booked by wedding parties.

Sleep
Uglich offers a good variety of places to stay. If you are going to visit the town in a summer weekend, book your accommodation in advance. English-speaking staff can be available in more expensive hotels only (Moskva, Volgskaya Riviera).

Go next

 * Kalyazin - a town which suffered from Uglich Dam building and is known with a flooded belfry sticking out from the Volga waters.
 * Myshkin - the next old small town down the Volga, 30 km away from Uglich.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Uglich


text:
Ugo

Ugo (羽後) is a town in Akita (prefecture).

Tourist information site
The local tourist association has a Japanese-only guide site.

See

 * Nanamagari Pass (七曲峠). A seriously windy mountain path that leads over the branch of the Dewa Mountains that cuts across the western third of Ugo. There are multiple areas stop and take in the natural beauty as well as the local spring water known for extending life - Chōmeisui (長命水).

Go next

 * Neighboring cities have much to offer. Consider a day trip to
 * Yurihonjo
 * Yuzawa
 * Yokote.
 * Nikaho
 * Higashinaruse
 * Misato
 * Daisen
 * Mamurogawa
 * Kaneyama

title: Ugo


text:
Uig

Uig (Gaelic: Ùige) is a village in the north of Skye, with a population of 423 in 2011. "Uig" derives from Old Norse vík, a bay, and it's a port with ferries to the Outer Hebrides. Most visitors are just passing through for that reason; however it's an alternative to Portree as a base for exploring the scenic Trotternish peninsula. Those sights round as far as Staffin (such as the Quiraing) are therefore described on this page, whilst for those further southeast (such as Old Man of Storr) see Portree.

Get in
See Skye for transport from the Scottish mainland. By road follow A87, which is two-lane all the way from Portree.

Citylink Bus 915 / 916 runs twice daily from Glasgow, taking 7-8 hours via the airport, Glencoe, Fort William, Kyle of Lochalsh and Portree to Uig ferry pier. Buses from Inverness to Skye terminate at Portree.

Stagecoach Highland Bus 57 circles the Trotternish peninsula, with Bus 57C clockwise Portree > Uig > Flodigarry > Staffin > Portree, and 57A anti-clockwise the reverse route. It runs M-F every 3 hours or so, and Sa in summer.

has Calmac car ferries to Tarbert on Harris and to Lochmaddy on North Uist - see those pages for details. Both crossings take 1 hr 45 min, with two sailings most days Apr-Oct and one Nov-Mar. In 2024 building work at the harbour is disrupting facilities, so don't rely on the terminal toilets being open.

Get around
Uig straggles along the hillside around the amphitheatre of the bay, so from the Bunkhouse at the southern end to the ferry terminal at the other is about 1½ miles. On a nice day it's a pleasant 20-30 min walk. See bus routes above for Trotternish.

Uig Taxis are on +44 7770 710050.

See

 * Uig Tower stands below Uig Hotel near the head of the inlet. It's a folly, built the 1860s in cod-Norman style to show off the landowner's wealth and feudal power. Major William Fraser was notorious for his part in the Highland Clearances, but he'd no sooner ejected his tenant farmers when his own mansion washed away. The tower was later adapted as a dwelling but now stands empty. It's on private land, just admire it from the road.
 * An Iron Age Souterrain burrows into the hillside at Kilmuir, on A855 a mile south of the Museum of Island Life.
 * The Grave of Flora Macdonald is in the cemetery 300 yards up the lane from the Museum, marked by a high Celtic Cross. Flora was born in 1722 on South Uist but grew up on Skye. In 1746 she was re-visiting South Uist when the fugitive Bonnie Prince Charlie arrived; she helped him escape to Kingsburgh near Portree disguised as an Irish maid. Next day he travelled on to Raasay, then doubled back and hiked across Skye to Elgol, thence sailed to the mainland. Flora and others were arrested and thrown in the Tower of London but she was bailed and later pardoned. In 1750 she married and came to live in nearby Flodigarry. The couple emigrated to North Carolina in 1774, but as loyalists were captured by the Americans and lost their lands there. She managed to returned to Skye in 1780 and died in 1790.
 * The Grave of Flora Macdonald is in the cemetery 300 yards up the lane from the Museum, marked by a high Celtic Cross. Flora was born in 1722 on South Uist but grew up on Skye. In 1746 she was re-visiting South Uist when the fugitive Bonnie Prince Charlie arrived; she helped him escape to Kingsburgh near Portree disguised as an Irish maid. Next day he travelled on to Raasay, then doubled back and hiked across Skye to Elgol, thence sailed to the mainland. Flora and others were arrested and thrown in the Tower of London but she was bailed and later pardoned. In 1750 she married and came to live in nearby Flodigarry. The couple emigrated to North Carolina in 1774, but as loyalists were captured by the Americans and lost their lands there. She managed to returned to Skye in 1780 and died in 1790.
 * : The east coast of Trotternish was formed by a huge landslip 10,000 years ago at the end of the last Ice Age. The ice had been supporting the mountainside, which collapsed leaving strange exposed rock formations. The Quirang takes its name from Old Norse Kví Rand, "round fold", for its little plateau hidden by rock pillars, a natural pen for concealing sheep. You only get a limited view from the road, so unless the weather's foul, take the four-mile loop walk to get close.
 * Rubha nam Brathairean ("Brothers Point") is a rugged headland a mile north of Kilt Rock.
 * is a sea cliff that looks not very much like a kilt, but the basalt columns are supposed to be the pleats and the dolerite sills the plaid pattern. It's viewed from the point where Loch Mealt flows out, with a waterfall cascading almost 200 feet over the cliff towards the sea.
 * Staffin Dinosaur Museum displays the fossils and footprints of creatures that once dragged their slithery tails across Skye. It's open Apr-Oct daily 10AM-4PM, adult £4, child £2.
 * and other sights southeast on the peninsula - see Portree.
 * (Hugh's Castle) is the stump of a tower house. Hugh Macdonald (more snappily known as Uistean Mac Ghilleaspuig Chlerich) was an outlaw and pirate. He began building here in the 1590s but possibly never completed it, as he was pre-occupied with seeking revenge on all and sundry, then was captured and left to starve in a dungeon. A causeway, now washed away, led to the islet redoubt of Dun Maraig. Turn off A87 into the lane for Cuidrach, then it's a 1½ mile hike.
 * is at the junction of A87 to Uig and A850 to Dunvegan - it's not the Carbost with the Talisker distillery, which is south on Loch Harport. This particular Carbost was a major religious centre, the seat of the Bishop of the Isles from 10th to 16th century. St Columba's Island, a river islet, was the site of the cathedral, and the ancestral burial ground of Clan MacNicol. Clach Ard Symbol Stone half a mile north is of Pictish design. Clachan Erisco standing stones are a little group of three along the lane through Borve, a loop east off A87.

Do

 * Whitewave is an outdoor activity centre at Linicro 5 miles north of Uig.
 * Falls of Rha are a few hundred yards off A855 as it begins its hairpin ascent of the hill behind the village. Great views, and any walk which gains height above Uig will be rewarded by the vista over the Minch to Harris.
 * Fairy Glen is a little valley of grassy hillocks, gnarled old trees, quick-running streams and a turret of rock known as Castle Ewen, which you can easily climb. It's a good picnic spot. From A87 at the Uig Hotel take the side lane for Sheader and Balnaknock. Parking is limited and it can become congested.
 * Rubha Hunish is the headland at the north tip of Skye. It can be hiked from Kilmaluag or Duntulm, or as a loop using the bus along the road between.

Buy

 * Stock up at the co-op in Portree before you reach Uig. The options in the village are the shop at the filling station near the ferry pier (M-Sa 8AM-8PM, Su 11AM-5PM), and Rankins store near the Ferry Inn (M-Sa 8:30AM-6:30).
 * Uig Pottery, next to the pier, is a pottery and shop open M-Sa 9AM-6PM and Su 11AM-4PM.

Eat

 * The bar and hotels in Uig, and the Flodigarry Hotel, serve meals. Advisable to book a table at the hotels as they have limited capacity.
 * The bar and hotels in Uig, and the Flodigarry Hotel, serve meals. Advisable to book a table at the hotels as they have limited capacity.
 * The bar and hotels in Uig, and the Flodigarry Hotel, serve meals. Advisable to book a table at the hotels as they have limited capacity.

Drink

 * Bakur Bar is by the ferry pier, open daily 11:30AM-11PM and does food.
 * Isle of Skye Brewery and distillery is in Uig a few yards uphill from the ferry pier. You can buy their gin and ales throughout the island or at the shop here (M-F 10AM-6PM, Sa 10AM-4PM, Su noon-4PM). Main products are Black Cuillin (a dark porter), Red Cuillin (an amber), Hebridean Gold (a golden ale) and The Storr gin. The shop is simply an off-licence not a pub so you can't sample before buying, and they don't offer brewery tours.

Sleep

 * Abhaig B&B two miles south of the village gets rave reviews.
 * Cuil Lodge B&B is below Uig Hotel near the tower.
 * Stones B&B is 200 yards north of Cuil Lodge.
 * Glenconon B&B is on the lane above Rankin's Supermarket.
 * Woodbine House is a B&B at the head of the bay, on the old road above A87.
 * Glenconon B&B is on the lane above Rankin's Supermarket.
 * Woodbine House is a B&B at the head of the bay, on the old road above A87.
 * Woodbine House is a B&B at the head of the bay, on the old road above A87.
 * On Trotternish peninsula self-catering cottages and B&Bs are strung along the A855, with clusters at Kilmaluag, Flodigarry and Staffin.
 * On Trotternish peninsula self-catering cottages and B&Bs are strung along the A855, with clusters at Kilmaluag, Flodigarry and Staffin.

 * Flodigarry Pods (sleep 4) are half a mile south of the hostel and hotel.
 * Flodigarry Pods (sleep 4) are half a mile south of the hostel and hotel.

Connect
As of June 2024 Uig and A87 from Portree have 4G from EE, O2 and Vodafone, and a basic mobile signal from Three. The signal is patchy further north around the peninsula. 5G has not reached this area.

Go next

 * The road around Trotternish peninsula leads past The Storr to Portree.
 * The road south from Uig is the quickest way to Portree, or you can branch west for Dunvegan.
 * Ferries sail to North Uist and Harris in the Outer Hebrides. They'll feel sparse and lonely after touristy Skye.

title: Uig


text:
Uijeongbu

Uijeongbu (의정부시) is a city in Gyeonggi.

Understand
Uijeongbu is located north of the Korean capital Seoul; it lies inside a defile, with mountains on two sides, and commands a natural choke point across the main traditional invasion route from the North into Seoul. As such it has a continued military significance and it contains U.S. and Korean military bases, positioned for the defense of the Korean capital. The U.S. Second Infantry Division has established a headquarters post in Uijeongbu.

Despite being known for its military presence, the area has boomed into a satellite community of Seoul with the usual civilian infrastructure and amenities. For tourists, the most interesting are the local mountains such as Mt. Dobong, Mt. Surak and Mt. Soyo. The mountains are popular recreational areas for hiking and are frequented by residents living in the Seoul Metropolitan area.

This city is also famous for its budae-jjigae (lit. "army base stew"), made with hot dogs and SPAM. In the city there is even a "buddaejjigae street", a street where there is a high concentration of army base stew restaurants.

Get in
Uijeongbu is just north of Seoul, so travelers can take the subway or bus to get to the city easily.

By subway

 * Take Subway Line 1 and get off at either one of the following stations:
 * Hoeryong (#111 and U111)
 * Uijeongbu (#110)
 * Ganeung (#109)
 * Nogyang (#108)

By airport bus
From Incheon International Airport

By light rail
There is a small light rail line that is part of the Seoul Metropolitan Subway network. It is connected to the rest of the system at Hoeryong.

By taxi
You can easily find a taxi around the city. Especially, there is the taxi stand in front of the Uijeongbu subway station. The basic price is ₩1,900 and after that the price go up by ₩100/39s or ₩100/164m. You can use cash or credit card as your payment. If you need to call a taxi then you can call one of these numbers:
 * 82-31-852-8556
 * 82-31-878-8511
 * 82-31-875-8552
 * 82-31-840-8511

Eat
Budae jjigae is the spicy stew made with Spam, sausages, ramen noodles and kimchi. It can also be called the army's stew because people first started to eat this after the Korean War, when the impoverished Koreans put this dish together using scraps from the U.S. military such as spam and sausages. Since the city contains many army camps, budae jjigae became a famous food that represents the city.

Galbi is the grilled marinated beef ribs. It is well known food internationally. Galbi is not hard to find any Korean style restaurant all over the world. In Uijeongbu, there is several different places that are famous for Galbi. Galbi is considered as the special food for special day. It costs are usually higher than other foods but it is worth to try.

title: Uijeongbu


text:
Uji

Uji (宇治市) is a city in Kyoto prefecture, Japan.

Two of Uji's historic monuments, Byōdō-in Buddhist temple and Ujigami Shinto Shrine, have been inscribed as World Heritage sites as part of "Historic Monuments of Ancient Kyoto (Kyoto, Uji and Otsu Cities)".

Understand
Uji is one of the oldest cities in Japan. Located between the two ancient capitals of Nara and Kyoto, its roots reach almost as deep into Japanese history as its those of its two famous neighbors. Uji was the scene of many famous ancient stories, including the final chapters of The Tale of Genji. Author Alex Kerr extols its virtues in his book Lost Japan, contrasting Uji favorably with Kyoto as a (rare) example of a historic Japanese city whose modern development has not disrupted its classical beauty. There are stores that have been open for hundreds of years, and several important temples lie within its borders. The city has also been celebrated for its tea for almost a thousand years. During cherry blossom season, the bridge that spans the Uji River makes for a breathtaking walk.

 * Guide site by the Tourist Association.
 * The city government's site has a downloadable English pamphlet.
 * Guide site by the Tourist Association.
 * The city government's site has a downloadable English pamphlet.

Get in
The is probably the most convenient way to Uji for most people. It is on the Nara line, and has trains from Kyoto (20 min, ¥240) and Nara (35 min, ¥500). The main sights along the river are a short walk from the station.

The is on the other side of the river, but is slightly closer to most of the sights. This line can be a good alternative if you are planning a day trip from Osaka and don't have a JR pass. Trains from Osaka take around 55 minutes for ¥410 with one change in Chushojima. However, Keihan railways have a special Kyoto-Osaka sightseeing pass (¥700/1000 for 1/2 days) giving unlimited rides, which is cheaper than a return ticket and allows you to also travel to Kyoto.

Get around
Most of the sights are a short walk from either of the stations. Most of the sights are along the river on either shore. Everything is quite compact and it is easily possible to cover everything in one day by just strolling along the river. You will probably not need a map, but if you want one, they are available at either of the tourist offices.

See
Since Uji is a place full of tradition, there are many small temples to be found on both sides of the river. There are excellent explanatory displays in both English and Japanese in front of most of the major and minor sights.

Do

 * Uji being famous for tea, this is the perfect place to experience a traditional Japanese tea ceremony:
 * The Tea Festival takes place on the first Sunday of October. As befits a city built on tea, Uji takes its water seriously. This festival celebrates the rituals involved in drawing up the famous water. Costumes are worn, prayers of thanks are said to the luminaries of tea history, tea-tasting competitions are held, and best of all, there's free tea on offer.
 * Cormorant fishing can be seen on summer nights along the Uji River. Fishermen using fire, nets and trained birds make for an exciting spectacle. During fishing season, boat tours are run on the river that will get you very close to the action. Visit the kiosk by the stone pagoda at 6pm to buy tickets (you can tell you're getting close when you see the boats lining the river). At ¥1800/person for an hour on the river (children ¥900), it's not a bad deal.
 * Kyō pottery has been a cherished local tradition since the Muromachi period. Asashiyaki Pottery is on the east side of the river, near Kosho-ji, and Shizugawa Togei Kyoshitsu is further to the south. Visitors who are especially interested can take a taxi to Sumiyama Pottery Village (2-2 Kuda, Sumiyama, Uji City), about 6.5 km from the city center. At Sumiyama, visitors can tour factories manufacturing pottery in the Kyo and Kiyomizu traditions. Pottery design and painting classes are also available.
 * Cormorant fishing can be seen on summer nights along the Uji River. Fishermen using fire, nets and trained birds make for an exciting spectacle. During fishing season, boat tours are run on the river that will get you very close to the action. Visit the kiosk by the stone pagoda at 6pm to buy tickets (you can tell you're getting close when you see the boats lining the river). At ¥1800/person for an hour on the river (children ¥900), it's not a bad deal.
 * Kyō pottery has been a cherished local tradition since the Muromachi period. Asashiyaki Pottery is on the east side of the river, near Kosho-ji, and Shizugawa Togei Kyoshitsu is further to the south. Visitors who are especially interested can take a taxi to Sumiyama Pottery Village (2-2 Kuda, Sumiyama, Uji City), about 6.5 km from the city center. At Sumiyama, visitors can tour factories manufacturing pottery in the Kyo and Kiyomizu traditions. Pottery design and painting classes are also available.
 * Kyō pottery has been a cherished local tradition since the Muromachi period. Asashiyaki Pottery is on the east side of the river, near Kosho-ji, and Shizugawa Togei Kyoshitsu is further to the south. Visitors who are especially interested can take a taxi to Sumiyama Pottery Village (2-2 Kuda, Sumiyama, Uji City), about 6.5 km from the city center. At Sumiyama, visitors can tour factories manufacturing pottery in the Kyo and Kiyomizu traditions. Pottery design and painting classes are also available.

Buy
The Sankyū-an (三休庵) shopping street, leading from the Uji Bridge toward Byodo-in, features several old stores with the city's famous tea and pottery.

Eat
Local specialties centre around green tea (naturally) and Kyoto cuisine. Some of what you'll find in town:

 * Cha-soba made by mixing green tea with regular soba noodles. There are also cha-udon restaurants.
 * Green-tea flavoured ice cream, including the ubiquitous soft-serve cones.
 * Green-tea flavoured dango, often served as the sweet included with matcha service.
 * Kyoto cuisine, including yuba, kaiseki-ryori, etc.

Places to eat:

A map of restaurants and shops can be obtained from the tourism information centre near Byodo-in.

Drink
Green tea! Uji produces the most famous (and the most expensive) tea in Japan. Otherwise, it's not long on nightlife.

Sleep
Plenty of ryokan and hotels are available in Kyoto or Nara. However, if you'd like to stay in Uji, there are a few options:

Go next

 * Kyoto and Nara are a short trip in either direction; most visitors will have arrived from one or the other.
 * Kyotanabe
 * Ujitawara
 * Joyo
 * Kizugawa
 * Wazuka
 * Kumiyama
 * Yawata
 * Otsu If you are hungry for more Tale of Genji locations, visit Ishiyama-dera temple, where the book was written.

title: Uji


text:
Ujjain

Ujjain (उज्जैन Ujjain) is a city in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India. It is home to the Mahakaleshwar Temple, one of the 12 Jyotirlingas of India.

Name
The name "Ujjain" is derived from its Sanskrit name Ujjayinī. Historically, the city was also known as Avantika.

Legend and history
An ancient city situated on the eastern bank of the Shipra River, Ujjain was the most prominent city on the Malwa plateau of central India for much of its history. The city has been one of the most prominent trade and political centres of India from the time of the ancient Mahājanapadas till the British rule in India.

As per legends, Ujjain was the capital of the king Vikramaditya. His court consisted of nine extraordinary people, collectively known as navaratnas.

Ujjain enjoyed a position of considerable importance in the field of astronomy. Great works on astronomy such as the Surya Siddhanta and the Panch Siddhanta were written in Ujjain. According to Indian astronomers, the Tropic of Cancer is supposed to pass through Ujjain. It is also the prime meridian used by the Hindu geographers. From about the 4th century BC, Ujjain enjoyed the reputation of being India's Greenwich.

Get in
Ujjain is well connected with rest of India by road and rail, but there is no airport. The closest airport is in Indore, 52 km away.

By train
Ujjain has direct trains for all the major cities of India, though some are very inconvenient and it's better to break journey from Bhopal. From Mumbai (Bombay) "Awanitka express" (daily) and "Pune-Indore" express (thrice in week), from New Delhi "Hazarat Nizamuddin Intercity Express" and from Bangalore "Jaipur Mysore Express" are a few good leads.

By car
Ujjain is connected to nearby towns with very good roads compared to the rest of Madhya Pradesh. It is 52 km from Indore along the NH 3 toll road, and it takes less than an hour to cover the distance. Indore is in turn connected by Agra-Mumbai National Highway to rest of the India.

The drive is scenic and punctuated by small villages on either side of the road. Stop by on the way to enjoy fresh guavas and corn. It's a must. Most parts of the road are decent and drivable with broken road in patches on the entire stretch.

Buy
Variants of locally produced consumer goods -- for instance namkeen (snacks), toast, henna among others -- have grown to become closely linked with the cultural and geographic identity of Ujjain. These can be found in shops all over the city, across the price and quality spectrum (in some cases, common prices are agreed upon by trade associations). A few notable outlets, which have gained popularity beyond the borders of Ujjain, would be:

Eat
When you are in Ujjain never forget to visit Gopal Mandir and have a bite of famous Gajanan Kulfi. Apart from that one of the most happening places in Ujjain to eat and enjoy is Tower Chowk.

Go there and try your hands on all the street chats you have ever heard. The very first thing that will attract you will be stalls of Pani Puri. Following which you will see Hot Dogs stalls serving hot, spicy, juicy hotdogs and aaloo tikia with chhole over it garnished by onions, tomatoes, coriander, green chatani, imli chatani and if desired fresh curd. They call it chhole tikiya chat.

Then you will have Bhelpuri stalls, dahi puri and all related chatpate chats varieties including dahi vada.

For sweet lovers Ujjain is known for its falooda ice cream and barf ka laddoo. Rabadi is also a must when you visit Ujjain. Kids will love this place with so many eateries, playground rides and balloon sellers everywhere, and of course Buddhi Ke Baal (cotton candy).

Shree Sweets and Restaurant at "Tower Chowk" is also a nice place. You can enjoy the best kachories there.

Go next

 * Dewas
 * Omkareshwar
 * Nagda, a small town is also about 50 km from Ujjain. Nagda has the largest factory of Birla all over India.

title: Ujjain


text:
Ujung Kulon National Park

Ujung Kulon National Park is in the far southwest of the island of Java, in Banten province in Indonesia.

Understand
This national park in the extreme south-western tip of Java on the Sunda shelf includes the Ujung Kulon peninsula and several offshore islands and encompasses the natural reserve of Krakatoa and Panaitan Island. It is Indonesia's first national park and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1992 for containing the largest remaining lowland rain forest in Java. It is the most protected national park in Indonesia. In addition to its natural beauty and geological interest – particularly for the study of inland volcanoes – it contains the largest remaining area of lowland rain forests in the Java plain. As a tropical jungle, it is not a forest similar to the pine forests in Northern Europe or North America, and it is a refuge for rhinos, which usually remain hidden from human beings. You can explore the national park with your tour operator, but unless you are a registered researcher, you are forbidden from making new trails.

History
The mainland part of Ujung Kulon was farmland until it was devastated and depopulated by the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa after which it returned to its original forested state.

Flora and fauna
The most precious of all the animals in the parks is the Javan rhinoceros, the rarest large mammal on earth. It is the only remaining home of the critically endangered Javan rhinoceros. A population of 58-68 live in Ujung Kulon (as of 2020). A smaller population lived in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam, but the last remaining member of this population, and its entire subspecies, was killed in 2010 by poachers.

Once found across much of Southeast Asia, the first account of the Javan rhino dates back to China’s T’ang dynasty (AD 618-906) when Java was noted as a source for rhino horns. In Java during the 1700s rhinos were so numerous and they damage agricultural plantations that the government paid a bounty for every rhino killed, bagging 500 within two years.

Ujung Kulon’s rhino population is now surveyed by camera trap, and in 2018 there are 68 individuals; they were believed to be the last remaining Javan rhinos in the world, until a small population was discovered in Vietnam. However, the Vietnamese subspecies, Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus, is now known to be extinct, so Ujung Kulon remains the last home of this magnificent Perissodactyl. In appearance the Javan rhino is closest to the Indian rhino, both having a single-horn and skin folds or plates but there are distinct differences between their neck plates and skin textures.

The Javan rhino also has a long prehensile upper lip which extends below the lower allowing it to grasp foliage. The body shape of the Javan rhino is designed to push aside the undergrowth and only the male Javan rhino has a prominent horn while the female has a lump similar to a halved coconut. Earlier this century Javan rhinos were measured as being over 170 cm at the shoulder, more than 3 m in length and 2,200 kg in body weight but a photographic survey indicates that the largest rhino in Ujung Kulon may be around 150 cm in height. Rhinos range over a maximum distance of 15 to 20 km a day in the densely forested lowlands of the Ujung Kulon Peninsula and to the east of its isthmus.

They are most active at night, wallowing in puddles and sometimes venture onto beaches and grazing grounds. Although actual sightings of rhinos are rare, their prints and droppings are often found on trails, sometimes unnervingly fresh. Javan rhinos are believed to be capable of running as fast as a person and to advice visitors, should they happen to come across one, is to climb the nearest tree and take a photo - in that order.

Climate
Lowland tropical rainforest.

Get in
The easiest way to get in is by purchase a tour from a resort in Anyer. The price will be around Rp 1.5 million-3 million depending on the length of stay. The price goes down if the number of the people joining the tour increases. It takes around 3-4 hours from Anyer to Peucang Island where the accommodation and national park office are situated.

The cheapest way to get here is by public transport. The journey can start from Kalideres bus station in the West Jakarta. The bus is green heading in the direction of Labuan. The cost is around Rp 25,000 one way. It takes 3 hours to arrive in Labuan from Kalideres bus station.

It may seem that an easy way from Jakarta to Labuan is to take the commuter line to Rangkas Bitung and bus from there but no there are no buses to Labuan from the Rangkas Bitung town centre so this route is impracticable.

From Labuan, the journey will continue to Sumur or directly to Taman Jaya the last point before Ujung Kulon National Park. In Labuan, a lot of touts telling you there is no bus to Sumur or Taman Jaya. They offer ojek (motorcyle transport) for the transport and of course more expensive than the bus not to mention a dangerous and uncomfortable trip. There are frequent buses to Sumur but getting to Taman Jaya is more difficult as the road onward from Samur is a gravel road in very poor condition. Travel time from Samur to Taman Jaya is over an hour even though the distance is short. 4 or 5 minibuses leave Taman Jaya for Labaun very early each morning most before sunrise and return later in the morning. The last minibus returns to Taman Jaya around midday and parks just outside the bus station, it has Taman Jaya clearly written on the windscreen. One should catch the 7.00 or 8.00 bus from Kalideres to be in time to catch it. There are many fewer visitors to the Park since COVID so the minibus operators have compensated by increasing the fare for international tourists from Labuan to Taman Jaya to Rp 150,000. There is very little to be done about it but an obstinate traveller could get a bus to Samur and negotiate transport/walk from there. There are also open trip from Plaza Semanggi, Jakarta every Friday night and back to Jakarta in Sunday night to Peucang Island and Cidaun with fee less than Rp 1,000,000 per person. Certainly available upgrade to air conditioned room is available and the cost of upgrading maybe higher than open trip fee itself, depends on air conditioned room condition.

Fees and permits
It's about Rp 25,000 per person to enter the park. There are also extra fees if you are planning to roam the Lowland forest and areas which include insurance.

Get around
Getting around in the park is mostly done with the help of a ranger or tour guide. The local ranger and tour guide know where to camp and where to find water. You can walk along the coastline with a breathtaking view and attractions, starting from village to  (also called "Java Head") in 2 or 3 days. A guide or ranger is a must.

To save time, walking along the coastline from Taman Jaya to (or Cidaon) is discouraged for ordinary tourists, except for flora enthusiasts. The coast has no sandy beach and only a thin layer of mangroves, but in the night, there are many fluorescent mushrooms with very dim light. However, as general practice walking in the forest at night is not wise; it should be done only at daytime, except for those who know the trails well and usually do night trekking. Most visitors will prefer to head directly to Island by boat. Peucang Island is good for sunbathing.

10 to 20 years ago, most of the tourists were serious tourists who loved fauna and flora, but today with many tour operators, most tourists are not big flora and fauna aficionados, so they usually they spend their time at Peucang Island, see banteng at Cidaon and go back to Peucang Island. Some tourists who have enough stamina go to to see the high, powerful waves of the Indian Ocean and go back on the same day to see banteng at Cidaun. Cidaun to Cigenter and back requires 4 to 6 hours, depending on foot speed.

From Cidaun to the light house at the tip of Ujung Kulon (at Tanjung Layar) is relatively easy trail with mostly without shade and need about one and half hour. The best moment at the light house is when the lamp of the light house is on. Although see the lamp from a distance not more than a meter, it is not starring the eyes, because the lenses in front of the thousands watts lamp make the light disperse. Go back to Cidaun at night is also relatively safe beyond starry sky, if there are no clouds.

The Cigenter to trail along the Indian Ocean is not for ordinary tourists, although it is a great trek for nature lovers and maybe the best part of Ujung Kulon. Start early in the morning from Cigenter to Karang Ranjang and then to Taman Jaya for a total of 20 km: this trek requires 8 to 12 hours, and there is almost no shade at all. Some forest rangers claim that the trail can be finished in 5 to 6 hours, but don't try to rush, because the trail has different gradations of sand from loose to grainy. Loose sand can bury half of your boots, making it difficult to keep moving, so you should frequently open your boots and remove the sand, as volcanic sand can be sharp. The easiest part of the trail is flat bedrock.

By car
There are no roads in Ujung Kulon. You can either walk or get on a boat.

See
You can see bantengs and peacocks at Cidaon Meadow. Monkeys, Timor deer and wild boar on Peucang Island. It is easier to see bantengs in the afternoon rather in the morning, because they stay longer in the meadow. Bantengs can be seen from the viewing tower or from the rim of the meadows below the viewing tower but it is very difficult to spot them closely because they have very sensitive noses and always hide in the bushes and they can smell people at a distance of 30 m. Peacocks are hard to see in the middle of the meadow, but they frequently fly or walk in the rim of the meadow near the forest far from viewing tower. A camera with superzoom is necessary to have a better chance at good photos. There are also leopards.

The Javan rhino is a rare sight but most of the footprints and feces of the animal are on the south beach.

Tanjung Layar is a historical site with 2 ruined lighthouses that were built by the Dutch and the Portuguese and a new one (see below). An abandoned Dutch prison is also located here; the prison walls are still standing but the roof and doors are missing. A great view of Tanjung Layar can be seen from the new lighthouse. Ask permission from the lighthouse guard before you try to enter and ascend to the top.

Do

 * Canoeing. Canoeing at Cigenter River where the Javan rhino is usually seen is an interesting experience, but the rhino is hard to see. The rhino is easier to see during the dry season from April to October. You can see also some snakes hanging on trees and swamp crocodiles. You will be guided by the ranger on your canoeing journey. It takes around 45 min to 1 hour exploring the river by canoe.
 * Snorkeling and Diving. There are some spots for the snorkelling and diving but don't expect much because most of the reef is damaged.
 * Jungle Trekking. If you want to jungle trek, it is better to arrange it from Taman Jaya. The national park ranger can help to arrange it for you depending on how long you explore the jungle. Jungle trekking starts from Taman Jaya and ends at Peucang Island (crossing by boat from mainland to Peucang Island). The price includes the guide and food.

Eat
There is not much choice here. There is one restaurant belonging to the park at Peucang Island. The group tours usually bring their own cook.

Lodging
Most people who travel to the Park independently stay at Taman Jaya which is on the mainland just outside the Park. There are a number of good lodgings there.

Camping
Camping can be done anywhere in the park. In Citandahan River and Cikeusik Luhur River there are some crocodiles.

Stay healthy
Ujung Kulon is still considered as an endemic malarial area. Consuming malaria pills before and while exploring the park is advisable; consult your doctor at least a couple of weeks before your trip for more specific advice.

Leeches are very rare, but mosquitoes are abundant. Mosquito repellent is a must to avoid mosquitoes and also to avoid biting Banteng flies, which suck blood painfully.

Stay safe
It has been reported that there have been some muggings in remote areas of the park. Make sure that you are accompanied by a jagawana (forest guard) before exploring deep into the jungle. Use only a boat with at least three engines to sail in open ocean because of the high waves and hard current, and do not visit the park in the very windy west monsoon season (December to February), because some trails are under water and impassible.

Go next

 * Panimbang - about 30 km north of Ujung Kulon, a district with several luxurious beach resorts.

title: Ujung Kulon National Park


text:
Ukhahlamba Drakensberg

Ukhahlamba (Drakensberg) or "The Berg" is a mountainous region in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa.

Understand
The name 'Drakensberg' is derived from the Dutch and means "mountains of the dragon". The mountain range was formed by a lava flow.

By car
The N3 highway (a toll road) is the major road artery through KwaZulu-Natal and connects with Durban to the south and Johannesburg to the north. One of the regional roads leading off the N3 will get you to where you need to be. Please note that many of these regional access roads include sections that are not tarred, and in many cases the roads are in poor condition with potholes. Most of the regional roads go through community villages where many animals and people use the road for foot traffic, so it is advisable not to drive at night.

By plane
There are no major airports in the region. The nearest international airport is in Durban. Pietermaritzburg has a smaller regional airport with daily domestic flights.

By bus

 * Underberg/NUD Express runs door-to-door shuttle service between the Sani Pass lodges, Underberg, Pietermaritzburg, Howick, Kokstad, and Durban.

By car
Most of the roads going into the Ukhahlamba-Drakensberg World Heritage Site (UDPWHS - shown in green on the map) end at the reception offices or campsites of the provincial or private tourism facilities. Once you are 'in' the only way around is by foot into the mountains. The one exception is the Sani Pass road from Underberg which goes through the UDPWHS to Mokhotlong in Lesotho.

Do

 * Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Northern Drakensberg
The Northern Drakensberg is generally the warmest area of the berg in Winter, with little to no snow and higher temperatures than Johannesburg.

Southern Drakensberg
The Southern Drakensberg is generally the colder area of the berg in Winter, with often thick snow and cooler temperatures than Johannesburg though spring and summer can be as hot.

Gateway to the Southern Drakensberg in KwaZulu-Natal is primarily through Underberg and Himeville.
 * Easterly access by road from the N3 is via Exit 99 Howick South onto the R617 via Boston and Bulwer to Underberg and Himeville.
 * Southerly access by road from the N2 is through Kokstad onto the R617 via Sartberg to Underberg and Himeville

Go next

 * Lesotho can be accessed via the Sani Pass and border post. A 4x4 is recommended for Sani Pass.

title: Ukhahlamba Drakensberg


text:
Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park

Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park is a national park in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

History
The Ukhahlamba Drakensberg is a relatively new park and a UNESCO World Heritage site. As is becoming increasingly the norm in South Africa, it is comprised of a number of existing parks that have been joined together in order to form a larger park.

The Royal Natal National Park forms part of Ukhahlamba Drakensberg, but since that park is still free standing and will be experienced as a separate entity by the traveller, it is also treated here as a separate article.

Landscape
The park is located in the central Drakensberg mountain range, on the border with the mountain kingdom of Lesotho. Champagne Castle at 3377 m above sea level is one of the highest peaks in the park. The higher peaks consist mostly of basalt rock, but at lower elevations it is mostly sandstone. A large number of caves, many of them inscribes with San rock art can be found in the sandstone. Many rivers, including the Tugela, have their origin in this part of the Drakensberg.

Flora and fauna
Bushbuck, oribi, mountain reedbuck, tiny duiker, and the largest of South Africa’s antelope species, the eland, as well as many others can be found here.

Enormous lammergeier, or bearded vultures, fly overhead and baboons bark from the cliffs.

The spring is heralded by carpets of wild flowers and the pink and orange watsonia, like miniature gladioli, bloom thickly on the hillsides. In autumn the fields and lower reaches of the Drakensberg are often a waist-high sea of confetti-like pink, white and deep velvet red cosmos blossoms.

In the higher reaches on the slopes of the Little Berg, varieties of protea trees show their prehistoric flowers, and ancient tree ferns and the odd cycad dot the gullies. Hikers should note that there are 24 species of snakes in these mountains, and not all of them are willing to give way to humans!

Hiking the Mkomazi Wilderness Area, Kamberg, Loteni, Vergelegen & Sani Pass

 * Ash Cave Trail. A 4-hour hike (7.5 km). A hike in the Loteni area leading to ash cave in a sandstone band. Follow the right hand fork in the path along the Loteni River. Cave must be booked - sleeps 6.
 * Cypress Cave. A hike of 2 hours (4.5 km). This is one of the few short hikes in the area a small party can use the cave, which has running water nearby and sleeps six to eight people, depending on the weather.
 * Eagle Trail. A hike of 6 hr. The trail starts from the rest camp in the Loteni Nature Reserve. It is a circular route, taking some 6 hours. No facilities are provided on the trail therfore a lunch pack should be taken and warm clothing is recommended.
 * Gelib Tree Trail. A hike of 2.5 hr. A short trail offering magnificent views. A descriptive leaflet is available from the camp manager.
 * Hlathimbe Pass and Cave. A hike of 6 - 7 hr (16 km). The hike begins at Loteni Camp, follows the Ngodwini River path and ascends up to the contour path. It continues up the very steep Hlathimbe Pass and towards Redi then southwards several kilometres to the cave. Not for the inexperienced. The cave is very near to the top of the pass. Sleeps 4.
 * Jacobs Ladder. A hike of 2 km. Follows the Lotheni River and leads to the spectacular Jacobs Ladder Waterfall.
 * Kamberg Nature Reserve Trails (2). A hike of 8 km. Two trails with rest spots located along the route. The Mooi River trail has loops each of which is planned to include the physically disabled. The Gladstone's Nose Trail is considered to be one of the most beautiful trails in the Drakensberg. Different species of antelope occur in the area . The trail passes through grassland and indigenous forests.
 * Mhlangeni Pass and Cave. A hike of 3 days (30 km) in Southern Drakensberg. The hike follows the Mkhomazi and Nhlangeni Rivers.
 * Yellowwood Cave Tarn and Waterfall. A hike of 2 days (23 km). From the Loteni Camp follow the Loteni River then left along the Masinhlonga Fork. The cave is south-facing and very cold in winter. The route continues up to the contour path, then eastwards back towards the camp.
 * Bushman's Cave and Ngwangwane Pass. An extreme 6-hr hike (11 km). A severe hike from the Bushman's Nek Police Post along the Bushman's River westwards. The pass is long and steep. Mzimkulu wilderness area in the KwaZulu-Natal Southern Drakensberg.
 * Emerald Stream Hike. A fair 3-hr hike (8.5 km). This hike takes one through fertile country with a magnificent view of Giants Cup.
 * Giant's Cup Trail. A moderate 2-5-day hike (68 km). The hike begins about 5 km beyond Sani Pass Hotel and follows a route below the escarpment southwards to Bushmans Nek, with most of the route at an average height of 1850 m. Transport arrangements must be made for the end of the hike. This trail is ideal for the less experienced hiker as it is clearly marked and doesn't ever get that deep into the mountains. It provides great views, and is a very enjoyable trail. The serious hiking can be done in the mornings, and with your backpack in the hut, each hut has options for interesting afternoon side trips. Bookings essential.
 * Gxalingenwa River Trail. 13 km, about 4 hours. The hike is good for bird-watching and game-viewing. It follows the Emerald Stream, past indigenous forest to a spectacular waterfall with pools suitable for swimming. It begins on the Sani Pass Road and has good views of Giants Cup. It leads to Gxalingenwa Cave.
 * Hidden Valley. A moderate 9-km, 3-hr hike. This hike begins at the Garden Castle main office, via Swimn Hut and along Hidden Valley, returning the same route.
 * Hodgson's Peaks. A severe 2-3-day hike (19 km). The hike starts at Cobham Camp and follows the main Polela River towards the escarpment, the path becomes less clear and the Masubasuba Pass is long and difficult.
 * Lake District. A moderate 8-hr, 2-day hike. There are many caves in the area. A network of parts connects the caves and places of interest and allows hikers to amble around the section of the Little Berg. Hikes begin from the Cobham Camp. Cobham State Forest area, which is situated close to Himeville.
 * Lammergeyer Cave. A sever 6-8-hr hike (16.5 km). From the Buskmans Nek Police Post follow the jeep track westwards until the path crosses the Ngwangwane River, and heads up a ridge. Maps and knowledge of the area necessary and cave must be booked. Sleeps 12.
 * Monk and Sleeping Beauty Cave. A moderate 2-hr hike (4 km). This is a shorter walk in this area, and rivers, mountain scenery and caves can be enjoyed. It starts at the Rengus Station and follows the Mashai River to sleeping beauty cave and engagement cave a little further on.
 * Pholela River Walk. A fair 3.5-hr hike (9 km). A variety of walks start from the Cobham Hutted Camp and follow the Polela River, Emerald Stream and Trout Beck. Trout fishing is possible - with a licence.
 * Sani Pass. A severe 7-hr hike (14 km). The hike up the pass begins in the car park 5.5 km past the Sani Pass Hotel. It is long and steep. Passports are necessary at the top.
 * Thomathu Cave and Pass. A severe 4-5-hr hike (10 km). This hike follows a well-defined path on the northern flank of the Thomathu Ridge. The cave faces north-east and sleeps a large party. The cave is not very deep though and strong winds can be a problem.
 * Three Pools. A fair 2-hr hike (4.5 km). This short walk has two variations; both lead to pools and the extra distance is more than worth the small effort. It starts at the rangers station and heads eastwards.

title: Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park