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Canadian

See The Canadian for the passenger train service between Vancouver and Toronto Canadian is a city on the High Plains of the Texas Panhandle.

Get in

 * US 60 connects to Miami and Pampa to the south west.
 * US 83 connects the city to Perryton to the north, and Wheeler and Shamrock to the south.

Get around
A car is a must.

Go next

 * Black Kettle National Grassland, north on highway 60 about 10 miles. Part of Cibola National Forest. While most of this park is in Oklahoma, this separate 576-acre park includes Lake Marvin, providing a beautiful relaxation and wildlife viewing spot for any Panhandle traveller who misses seeing lots of trees. Campsites and cottages are available.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Canadian


text:
Canadian national parks

The National Parks of Canada, and some of the National Historic Sites of Canada, are managed by Parks Canada, an agency of the Government of Canada. If, when you picture Canada in your mind, you see vast wildernesses and mountain vistas, you are thinking of the national parks, one of the largest systems of protected areas in the world. As well, there are numerous historic sites protected by Parks Canada, some of which are also accessible by the general public.

Understand
The national parks cover more than, or about 3.3% of the total land area of Canada. Together, Canada's national parks are larger than Norway.

Beginning with Banff National Park in 1885, the federal government of Canada began putting aside scenic pieces of land aside for tourism. To this later were added more remote areas, where conservation rather than recreation are the focus. The parks range in size and amenities from small and highly developed areas on the edge of cities to vast wildlands the size of many European countries, but without any permanent population. Entrance to the parks are controlled by tollgates on the highways leading to them (if any), and one must pay to get in, or in some cases you can transit through a park, but have to pay to leave the highway.

It is not only the federal (central) government that operates parks in Canada. Each province also runs numerous provincial parks, some of which are equally or more famous than their federal cousins, such as Algonquin Provincial Park in Ontario, Dinosaur Provincial Park or Kananaskis Country in Alberta. Confusingly, the provincially-owned parks in the often nationalistic province of Quebec, are also called "national parks"; for example Gaspésie National Park and Miguasha National Park are not federal, but rather provincial parks, despite the name.

There are two notable parks which are administered by other branches of the federal government, not Parks Canada. Both are free to enter, so a Parks Canada pass isn't needed. They are:

 * , a major recreational attraction in the Outaouais region of Quebec near Gatineau and Ottawa), administered by the National Capital Commission.
 * (Parc des Champs-de-Bataille) A major urban park and site of the 1759 Battle of the Plains of Abraham in which the British took Quebec City.

National parks
There are 38 federally-operated national parks, nine National Park Reserves, three National Marine Conservation Areas (NMCAs), one NMCA Reserve and one National Landmark. National Park Reserves are areas subject to indigenous land claims, their exact status and boundaries are therefore not considered permanent, but for a traveller they operate much the same as a full national park. Many of these places are designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

National historic sites
Parks Canada also operates more than 170 of Canada's National Historic Sites. A few are located within national parks, such as Banff or Jasper.

This articles lists many of the more important sites. Various smaller sites are listed in their host cities.

National parks

 * includes a significant portion of the Cabot Trail, the world-famous overland route; the park has 26 marked hiking trails, beaches, and a top-ranked golf course.

 * in New Brunswick showcases a rugged coastline which rises up to the Canadian Highlands, the highest tides in the world and more than 25 waterfalls. At low tide visitors can explore the ocean floor where a variety of sea creatures cling to life.

 * is a park and UNESCO World Heritage site in Newfoundland. It is an area of impressive natural beauty, rural Newfoundland culture, and unique geological wonders including a number of fjords and the barren Tablelands.

 * lies in the rugged interior of Nova Scotia. Kejimkujik is a cultural landscape associated with the Mi’kmaq people, and incorporates 38 Indigenous sites, four petroglyph sites, three villages and a cemetery.

 * in Southeastern New Brunswick draws visitors to its very long sand dune, bogs, a boardwalk trail, hiking trails, network of bicycle trails, and the Cap-St-Louis fishing port.

 * in central Labrador protects boreal forest, caribou, Atlantic salmon and trout, wolves, black bear, marten and fox, mountains, tundra, fjords and expansive native landscapes.

 * occupies the northernmost tip of Labrador. It is a rugged terrain of mountains and fjords that is accessible is by boat or chartered aircraft only.

 * extends over 65 km (40 mi) of shoreline, including beaches, red sandstone cliffs and rolling sand dunes along the island's north shore, fronting the Gulf of St. Lawrence. It includes the farmhouse from Lucy Maud Montgomery's Anne of Green Gables books, a popular site for visitors.

 * is a national park reserve in the Atlantic Ocean 300 km offshore from Nova Scotia. The reserves covers the entire island, which is home to over 550 free-roaming Sable Island Ponies. This feral horse population is protected by law from human interference.  The island is usually visited by cruise ship or by chartered plane.

 * protects an area of the Eastern Island Boreal Forest on the east coast of Newfoundland. It is a place where sheltered Atlantic fjords stretch inland to touch the boreal landscape.

National historic sites

 * – Baddeck, Nova Scotia, where the inventor of the telephone did some of his research and experiments in his summer home
 * – easternmost point in Canada, near St. John's, Newfoundland - site of Cape Spear Lighthouse National Historic Site
 * and Scots Fort, Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia; Two buildings remain of this 1629 fort
 * – the partially reconstructed ruins of a French fortress built 1751, near Aulac, New Brunswick
 * – a reconstruction of the 18th-century fortified French town of Louisbourg, on Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia
 * – former Acadian settlement, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Nova Scotia
 * – author Lucy Maud Montgomery based the location of her best-selling "Anne" series of books on the Green Gables farm near Cavendish, Prince Edward Island (PEI)
 * and – the citadel, a star fort overlooking Halifax, Nova Scotia, has been restored to its appearance during the Victorian era
 * , in Nunatsiavut, Labrador, is a group of seven historic buildings built as a Moravian mission to the Inuit which began in 1782
 * – a reconstruction of a Viking settlement on Newfoundland's Great Northern Peninsula
 * – historic whaling station and archaeological site near Forteau, Labrador
 * – in St. John's, Newfoundland, where the 1897 Cabot Tower overlooks the city's beautiful harbour

National parks
In Quebec, parks operated by the provincial government are also called "national parks". This article lists only national parks operated by the federal government.

 * at the end of Quebec's Gaspé Peninsula has a beautiful mix of forests, mountains, and shore with many recreational opportunities. 72 km (45 miles) of trails pass through ten distinct ecosystems. On the water, there are whale watching cruises, sea kayaking and paddleboarding excursions.

 * has 150 lakes and many ponds within the Eastern forest-boreal transition ecoregion of Quebec. A drive through the park provides spectacular views, and many opportunities for camping, canoeing, hiking through the forest, and wildlife sighting.

 * is a national park reserve on the North Shore of Quebec comprised of roughly 1,000 islands and coastal inlets. It features a unique set of limestone sculptures, which form the largest group of such monoliths in Canada.

National historic sites

 * – an archaeological site of the first site of the steel industry and the first industrial town in Canada in Trois-Rivières.
 * – Quebec City is one of two cities in North America with a completely preserved fortification system. It has a length of 4.6 km, four gates, a citadel and three Martello towers and almost entirely surrounds Haute-Ville.
 * – a memorial for people who died at this quarantine station for immigrants fleeing the Irish Potato Famine of the 1840s
 * – a beautiful 14.5-km bike path that runs along this historic canal in Montreal South West

National parks

 * in southern Ontario forms the core of UNESCO's Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve. It is one of the largest protected areas in southern Ontario. It connects to the 904-km-long Bruce Trail along the Niagara Escarpment.

 * is composed of 63 islands in Ontario that are part of the world’s largest freshwater archipelago. Here, the windswept white pines and granite shores of the Canadian Shield turn to dense deciduous woodland.

 * in Ontario is Canada's smallest Park, and includes the southernmost point of mainland Canada. While significant breeding birds call the park home, Point Pelee's greatest importance is to migratory species moving through in spring and fall.

 * in northern Ontario is known for its vistas of Lake Superior and boreal forests. The park protects part of the longest undeveloped shoreline anywhere on the Great Lakes. Its 60-km Coastal Hiking Trail which follows the north shore of Lake Superior.

 * is the largest urban protected area in North America. It overlaps the cities of Toronto, Markham and Pickering and the Township of Uxbridge in Ontario. It is accessible by city public transit buses.

 * is a collection of islands and secluded bays in eastern Ontario with great opportunitiesfor kayaking and canoeing, and many hiking trails.

National historic sites

 * – the home of Canada's first Prime Minister, Sir John Alexander Macdonald from 1848 to 1849 in Kingston
 * , reconstructed British fort which featured prominently in the War of 1812, and, which has one remaining building from the same era – Niagara-on-the-Lake
 * , a historical open-air museum in a fortification built during the War of 1812 with restored buildings, and, 60-foot-tall (18 m) stone lighthouse tower that marks the site of a battle fought in 1838, during the Upper Canada Rebellion. – Prescott
 * – the former residence of two Canadian prime ministers: Sir Wilfrid Laurier and William Lyon Mackenzie King, Ottawa
 * – a 202-km historical scenic waterway completed in 1832 that connects the towns of Kingston and Ottawa that has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site
 * – a 386-km waterway built between 1833 and 1920 connecting Lake Ontario at Trenton to Georgian Bay, Lake Huron, at Port Severn, and Peterborough Lift Lock

National parks

 * in Alberta has stunning mountain scenery tgat makes it one of Canada's most-visited parks. Together with six other national parks, it makes up the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks UNESCO World Heritage site.

 * in Alberta is home to more than 40 species of free-roaming mammals including plains bison, wood bison, elk, moose, deer, beaver, and muskrat. Over 250 species of birds live here, making it a good place for birdwatching.

 * in Saskatchewan includes of the Prairie Grasslands natural region, protecting one of Canada's few remaining areas of undisturbed dry mixed-grass/shortgrass prairie grassland.

 * is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Alberta that is the largest of Canada's Rocky Mountain Parks. It offers stunning mountain scenery, more than 1,000 km of trails, and hot springs.

 * in Saskatchewan represent the transition from the prairies (open grasslands) through aspen parklands (poplar and other deciduous trees with open spaces between clumps) and boreal forest (coniferous trees, lakes, beaches).

 * in Manitoba protects three ecosystems that converge in the area: grasslands, upland boreal and eastern deciduous forests. It offers over 400 km (250 mi) of trails for hiking, horse riding, and cross-country skiing.

 * in northern Manitoba is the best location in the world to view and photograph wild polar bears. It is one of the world's largest known polar bear maternity denning areas. It is accessible by helicopter or Tundra Buggy tour from Churchill.

 * is a park and UNESCO World Heritage site in Alberta. The Canadian portion of Waterton Glacier International Peace Park protects the southernmost portion of the Canadian Rockies. It is known for its hiking and sight-seeing.

National historic sites

 * – a ranch in Longview, Alberta, that is preserved as life was during the time period 1882-1950, allowing the visitor to experience and understand life on the historical ranch
 * – former village and the site of an historic battle during the North-West Rebellion of 1885 near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
 * – five original North-West Mounted Police buildings ftom 1876 in Battleford, Saskatchewan
 * – a restored 19th-century fort and fur trading post where costumed staff recreate the 1850s in Selkirk, Manitoba
 * , which commemorates the life of the Métis politician and activist Louis Riel and the daily life of Métis families in the Red River Settlement, and, a park and public space for the arts, events, food and shopping in Winnipeg, Manitoba
 * – an archaeological site that contains the remains of several early 19th-century Hudson's Bay Company fur trade forts in Rocky Mountain House, Alberta
 * – a former Hudson's Bay Company post 120 km SE of Churchill, Manitoba

National parks

 * encompasses a portion of the Columbia Mountains and the Rogers Pass National Historic Site. Accessible by highway, many visitors come to see its high peaks, large, active glaciers, and one of Canada's largest cave systems. Gulfislfromair.jpg
 * is a national park reserve in the Southern Gulf Islands. It includes many islets and reef areas and offers incredible opportunities for boating, kayaking, hiking, camping and wildlife viewing.
 * is a national park reserve in Haida Gwaii. The SG̱ang Gwaay Llnaagay site is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and since 2004, the entire park has been on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage.Kootenay National Park.jpg
 * is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The park includes parts of the Kootenay and Park mountain ranges, the Kootenay River and the entirety of the Vermilion River.
 * is adjacent to the city of Revelstoke in the Kootenays. It protects a small herd of the threatened woodland caribou, and provides habitats for cougars, grizzly bears, lynxes, black bears, red foxes, moose, martens, coyotes, a variety of bats, wolf packs, several species of shrews, voles, mice, wolverines, and mountain goat.
 * is a national park reserve on the west coast of Vancouver Island. It is composed of three parts: the beautiful Long Beach, the Broken Group Islands (over 100 small islands and islets in Barkley Sound), and the West Coast Trail (a challenging 75-km trail along the west coast of Vancouver Island).
 * is a park and UNESCO World Heritage site as part of the Canadian Rocky Mountain Parks bordering Banff in Alberta. It can be said to be British Columbia's equivalent of Banff or Jasper national parks.
 * is a tiny national park surrounded by the təmtəmíxʷtən/Belcarra Regional Park of 1,100 hectares (2,700 acre). They are located in Belcarra, Greater Vancouver.

National historic sites

 * – a 33-mile, 54-km hike from the coast of north of Skagway, Alaska to Lake Bennett
 * – helps to tell the story of local fur trade and agricultural pursuits, the colonization story, and the ongoing history of the Langley area
 * – learn about the West Coast fishing industry at this historic cannery in Steveston area of Richmond
 * – one of North America's largest urban parks, it is an oasis of wilderness in the middle of Vancouver's west end, surrounded by a 9-km-paved path along the seashore

National parks

 * at the northern end of Banks Island in the Northwest Territories is a remote park that protects Arctic Lowlands. It is a treeless Arctic desert with high winds, that is home to muskoxen, caribou, Arctic foxes, Arctic hares and wolves, and polar bears. It is accessed by boat arranged by local outfitters.

 * is a park in Nunavut. Its name means "the land that never melts" in Inuktitut. It protects many terrains of Arctic wilderness, such as fjords, glaciers, and ice fields. Mount Thor, the largest uninterrupted cliff face in the world, is a popular destination for rock climbers

 * is a park and UNESCO World Heritage Site in Yukon that is home to the Firth River, which is considered to be one of the great rafting rivers of the world.

 * park and UNESCO World Heritage Site in Yukon known for the spectacular glacier and icefield landscapes as well as for the importance of grizzly bears, caribou and Dall sheep habitat. The park’s interior is generally accessible only via a flightseeing tour or on a serious mountaineering or ski touring expedition.

 * is a national park reserve in the Northwest Territories that is accessible by float plane. It encompasses parts of the South Nahanni River watershed, and is home to grizzly bear, Dall’s sheep, mountain goats, and woodland caribou.

 * national park reserve in the and UNESCO World Heritage Site in the Northwest Territories. It protects a portion of the Mackenzie Mountains Natural Region. The centrepiece of the park is the South Nahanni River (Naha Dehé), and four canyons reaching 1,000 m (3,300 ft) in depth.

 * is a remote park in Nunavut that protects an area of the Western High Arctic that is larger than Kosovo. It is accessible by chartered plane.

 * is a remote park in Nunavut that is larger than Taiwan. It is a polar desert with very little annual precipitation. Much of the highlands of the park are covered in ice caps. It is accessible by chartered plane.

 * is a remote park in Nunavut that protects Northern Eastern Arctic Lowlands Natural Region and parts of the Lancaster Sound Marine Region. The park can be visited by boat or snowmachine arranged through local outfitters.

 * is a proposed national park reserve at the eastern end of Great Slave Lake in the Northwest Territories. This area is the size of Belgium, and is characterized by a striking archipelago of islands, peninsulas, landscape formations shaped by ancient ice sheets, dramatic red granite cliffs, a variety of climates, soils and ecosystem processes.

 * lies far north of the Arctic Circle in the northeast corner of mainland Northwest Territories. The park is home to the calving grounds of the Bluenose-West caribou herd, and is a major breeding and nesting ground for a wide variety of migratory birds. It is accessible by chartered plane.

 * is a park on the mainland of Nunavut. Inuit people lived here from the 11th century to the 1960s. There are more than 400 documented archaeological sites within park boundaries. It is accessible by plane charter year-round. Outfitters offer boat excursions in July and August, and snowmobile excursions in spring.

 * is a park in Yukon that is extremely remote and difficult to access, and has no developed facilities or trails. The northern two thirds of the park is made up of the rolling hills and peaks of the British Mountains, while the southern part is a vast wetland complex of shallow lakes and small streams

 * is a park and UNESCO World Heritage site that is larger than Switzerland and spans parts of Alberta and the Northwest Territories. Canada's largest national park protects the largest bison population in North America and the largest inland delta.

National landmark

 * – a thousand domes of earth-covered ice found only in the high Arctic, 5 km west of Tuktoyaktuk in the Northwest Territories.

National historic sites

 * – a wooden-hulled bucketline sluice dredge that mined placer gold on the Yukon River at Bonanza Creek, near Dawson City, Yukon
 * and  – preserved frontier buildings and boardwalks, saloons, and a vintage sternwheeler recall the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush days in Dawson City, Yukon
 * – in Whitehorse, Yukon, ran freight along the Yukon River from 1937 to 1950

Park entry fees
Most Canadian national parks collect an entry fee, which varies by park. Canadian residents and international visitors pay the same price regardless of citizenship or place of residence. A few national parks are close to other parks (such as Banff National Park or Yoho National Park, mountain parks on the Alberta-BC border); it is possible to visit several parks in the same day and only pay once as the paid entry fee is valid until 4PM the following day.

Youth and children up to the age of 17 are allowed free admission to all national parks.

If visiting Canadian national parks for a week or more, or visiting more than a half-dozen national parks and national historic sites in a calendar year, it may be less expensive to purchase an annual Discovery Pass. A Discovery Pass includes admission to national historic sites operated by Parks Canada, such as the Banff Park Museum, Cave and Basin National Historic Site, Bar U Ranch, Rocky Mountain House National Historic Site and Fort Langley National Historic Site.

Parks Canada does not operate all of Canada's national historic sites. To add confusion, Québec uses "parc national" for both federal and provincial (SÉPAQ) parks, which are two separate systems with non-interchangeable system passes. Due to its international, divided status the Thousand Islands has both a Canadian national park and an American state park, part of separate systems.

Visitor fees are used to enhance and maintain the parks and visitor services; they do not go to general government revenues.

Reservations
Campgrounds may be reserved in advance. Reservations open in January for the next Apr 1 to March 31 period. Reservations are available from https://reservation.pc.gc.ca/ or +1-877-RESERVE (, 8AM–6PM local time); Parks Canada general information is provided at.

Respect
In short: Leave-no-trace camping is always advised in national parks.

Disturbing wildlife is illegal in a national park. Leave rocks, plants, bones and antlers as you found them. A few parks contain archaeological sites or are in ecologically-sensitive locations such as the high Arctic. You may need to pack out any rubbish with you when you leave; if there are no latrines in a sensitive location, excrement should be packed out or buried. Anything left behind in the far north may take a very long time to decay, if it's biodegradable at all.

Some parts of the parks are restricted to protect wildlife; for instance, if a beachfront nesting habitat for endangered birds is not accessible to the public, it is left undisturbed with no roads into the protected segments.

Many parks are in remote or forested locations with essentially no local firefighting capability. A cook stove is preferable to an open camp fire, due to risk of wildfires. Keep any fires small enough to burn to ash before you leave. Never build a fire on moss or Arctic tundra where it can spread underground.

Do not leave markers, messages or other manmade indicators behind; leave the parkland in its natural, untouched state for the next voyager. In some wilderness locations without marked permanent camp sites, leave-no-trace camping is advised.

A few parks in remote far northern locations like Ellesmere Island or the Torngat Mountains require visitors register on entry and notify the park office on departure. Failure to deregister (or leave a message indicating your party successfully completed its trip) risks the launch of a very expensive and awkward search if authorities mistakenly believe you are still stranded in the park.

Flying recreational drones is prohibited – offenders may face fines of CA$25000 if caught.

Stay safe

Help is not always close at hand. Parks Canada sites vary from beaten-path (such as the Rideau Canal in Ottawa or the Anne of Green Gables site in Prince Edward Island National Park) to next-to-impossible destinations (such as parts of Nunavut and the high Arctic). In some places, a satellite phone may be the only communication in an emergency and GPS the only waypoint or location marker. A national 24-hour emergency dispatcher may be reached in Jasper, Alberta at (freephone: ) if attempts to contact a local park office fail, but it may take days for help to arrive in adverse conditions in a truly remote location accessible only by aircraft.

As adverse weather may delay your departure from a remote location; it's best to carry a few extra days worth of provisions.

If heading far from the beaten path, leave an itinerary with intended route locations, activities and date of expected return, names of all visitors and guides in the group (with emergency contact info for each) and description of major identifiable equipment (like tents or watercraft).

Dangerous animals are a hazard; you are on their turf, so be bear aware. Foodstuffs may need to be packaged in bear-resistant containers. Significant restrictions dictate who may carry firearms in national parks. By necessity, Parks Canada allows specially-licensed guides, natives or researchers to carry firearms for protection from polar bears in nine of the parks: Ivvavik and Vuntut (northern Yukon), Aulavik and Tuktut Nogait (Northwest Territories), Quttinirpaaq (Ellesmere Island, Nunavut), Sirmilik and Auyuittuq (Baffin Island, Nunavut), Torngat Mountains National Park (Labrador) and Wapusk National Park (north of Churchill, Manitoba). The bears are a protected species at risk but, if warning shots, flares, air horns or pepper spray fail to scare bears away from humans, the armed native bear guards are empowered to use lethal force to protect human life.

title: Canadian national parks


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Canaima National Park

Canaima National Park is in the Gran Sabana region of Venezuela, in the southern Bolivar State. The park is a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Understand
Canaima National Park is the gateway to Angel Falls. Although other waterfalls and lagoons can be visited from Canaima camp, the main reason tourists fly here is for the three-day, two-night trips to the base of Angel Falls.

Landscape
Flat, grassy savannas with dramatic tepuis (table-top mountains), waterfalls and moriche palms. Angel Falls is located on the side of the largest of the Venezuela's tepuis known as Auyan-tepui.

Flora and fauna
There is an incredible variety of tropical wildlife in the area, including monkeys, poison arrow frogs and hundreds of species of orchids. Mammals in the area are generally difficult to spot but include giant anteaters, armadillos, porcupines, three-toed sloths, otters, jaguars, pumas, tapirs and capybaras. Some of the birds that you can see are king vulture, paradise tanager, white bellbird, cock of the rock, musician wren, great kiskadee, bananaquit, velvet browed brilliant, capuchinbird, sooty-capped hermit, and blue-cheeked parrot.

Climate
Tropical, with frequent rainstorms. The driest time of year - when the Falls may be just a trickle - is from December to April.

Get in
There are no overland routes to the settlement of Canaima. The only access is by air. Avior and Rutaca fly to and from Ciudad Bolívar and Caracas.

Access to the Sector Occidental is by air into villages like Canaima. However, the Sector Oriental (eastern sector) has road access via the Troncal 10. The new El Dorado-Luepa road to Santa Elena de Uairen connects the east of the park with the Brazilian frontier and a branch of it reaches the small village of Kanavayen, which is close to the spectacular Aponwao Falls.

For a trip to the falls, it is possible to charter a plane to Canaima from Caracas, Margarita Island, or Ciudad Bolivar airports, and then organize a tour of the falls on your own. In practice, the simplest thing to do is sign up for a tour that takes care of the details. If you book a tour from your home country, it will be more expensive and even booking a tour from Caracas will cost more. It is cheapest to book a tour from the airport in Ciudad Bolivar. Nearly all of the Angel Falls tours operate out of this city, and their prices include the cost of a plane that flies from Ciudad Bolivar to Canaima. Expect to pay approximately US $250 for a three-day, two-night tour that brings you to the falls. Most tours booked on your own from Ciudad Bolivar airport will include a fly-by of the falls on the way to Canaima camp.

There are also regular flights leaving from Puerto Ordaz - tours and accommodation can easily be arranged in Canaima upon arrival.

Fees and permits
At arrival at the Canaima airport an entrance fee is collected.

Visitors flying out to Canaima National Park must also prove they have received a yellow fever vaccination. Those who cannot prove this will be given the vaccination in the airport at Ciudad Bolivar or Puerto Ordaz for free.

Get around
The small settlement of Canaima is negotiable by foot. Trips up to the Falls, however, will be in a dugout canoe, or curiara. The 30-minute or so walk from the closest point on the river to the base of the falls is not easy going because of large tree roots on the path - take sports shoes or kicking boots for this hike.

Angel Falls
Angel Falls or Salto Ángel is the world's second highest waterfall, dropping a total of 978m from the summit of the Auyan Tepuy, and with an 807m uninterrupted drop (which is actually the highest drop).

It is known as Parekupa-meru by the local Pemon Indians but gained the Angel name after US pilot Jimmy Angel crash-landed on the Auyan Tepuy while searching the area for gold in 1937. Instead, he found the spectacular waterfall. After 11 days of trekking, he reached Kamarata and made his find public. His plane was later recovered and can be seen in front of the airport at Ciudad Bolivar. After his death in 1956, his ashes were sprinkled over Angel Falls.

Angel Falls is in the Gran Sabana region of Venezuela. The area is filled with grasslands, with some dense jungle along the course of the rivers and at the base of the numerous tepuis, or flat-topped mountains. Angel falls is located on the side of the largest of the Venezuela's tepuis known as Auyan-tepui.

There is an incredible variety of tropical wildlife in the area, including monkeys, poison arrow frogs and hundreds of species of orchids. Aside from the monkeys, mammals in the area are generally difficult to spot but include giant anteaters, armadillos, porcupines, three-toed sloths, otters, jaguars, pumas, tapirs and capybaras.

Angel Falls is deep within the National Park. The falls are about 5 hours' ride in a dugout canoe upstream from Canaima village. Most of the Park's attractions can only be visited with a guided tour from Canaima. These can be booked from outside Venezuela, from Caracas, or from Ciudad Bolivar but prices are much more competitive in Ciudad Bolivar. Most tours that take you to the foot of the falls are two nights (one in Canaima, one at the falls) and three days, and combine all of the three elements below (and also include food and transport). Alternatively you can hire shorter tours just to go up to Angel Falls and back again. A typical tour will include the flight to Canaima, and then three days of meals and (very basic) accommodation at the various campsites along the river towards the falls. The trip involves several hours in a dugout canoe and a few hours hiking through gallery forest to the main viewpoint below the falls. Most tour guides speak Spanish with limited English.

 * Two-day tours run to the foot of the falls by motorized dugout canoe (curiara). The first day a 5- or 6-hour boat ride will lead you to the base camp. From there it's a one-hour walk to the foot of waterfall. Here you can take pictures and swim. The night will be spent in hammocks and the next day another five hours will bring you back to Canaima. Although the plane flights are arranged separately, all tours are run by a cooperative that arranges tours as boats fill up. Angel Falls is one of the few locations in Venezuela where an individual traveller does not have to wait to become part of a tour group.
 * A half day tour brings you to Isla Anatoly, very close to Canaima village, where some other waterfalls are visited such as Salto Sapo. Some of them have a water curtain that one can walk behind.
 * Just west of Canaima is a beautiful lagoon with water stained a tea colour by the vegetation in the area, and with a nice view of the waterfalls and tepuy (tabletop) mountains.

Do

The trip towards the fall itself has many attractions. The boat rides and walks through the jungle offer a unique view of Venezuelan flora, fauna, and terrain. If the water flow is mild enough, you can swim in the small pool that forms below the falls.

Apart from trips to Angel Falls, the Canaima National Park offers some challenging trekking, including trips to the 700 km² plateau of Auyan-tepui, which can be arranged in Ciudad Bolivar. The trek to the top from the tiny village of Uruyen takes three days on rough tracks, and the final climb up a cleft in the massive rock wall is a tough scramble, but the rewards are immense - the landscape is surreal, with clumps of insect-eating pitcher plants clinging to the bare rock, and unlike Mount Roraima, you'll barely meet another soul. Trips typically spend a couple of days on the top, and take 2 days to return to either Uruyen or Kavac. The weather can be wet, and chilly on the tepui - bring a warm fleece and some waterproofs!

The tourist village of Kavac has a bar, a small shop selling crafts, and traditional huts with comfortable beds or hammocks. Stay for a morning before your flight out and someone will offer to show you to the "caves", really a narrow canyon leading to a waterfall and a refreshing plunge pool.

Drink
The water from the waterfall- refreshing, pure and delicious.

Camping
Camping is not allowed and this is strictly enforced in the region around Angel Falls.

title: Canaima National Park


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Canal Fulton

Canal Fulton is a city in Stark County, Ohio.

By car
Canal Fulton is located at the intersection of SR 21 and SR 93.

Go next

 * Akron
 * Canton
 * Orrville

title: Canal Fulton


text:
Canal Winchester

Canal Winchester is a city in the Greater Columbus area of Ohio.

Understand
Originally, it was known as Winchester. Canal Winchester was founded by in 1828 by Reuben Dove and John Colmen when The Ohio and Erie Canal came through. The Bergstresser/Dietz Bridge in Canal Winchester is the only standing, wooden covered bridge in Franklin County, built in 1887 and restored in 1991, it spans the Little Walnut Creek.

Get in
Canal Winchester is 15 minutes southeast of Columbus.

By car
US33 passes through Canal Winchester, with an exit at the intersection of US33 and SR 674.

title: Canal Winchester


text:
Cananéia

Cananéia is a city in the South Coast of São Paulo state.

Go next

 * Iguape
 * Pariquera-Açu

title: Cananéia


text:
Canandaigua

One of the oldest cities in the Finger Lakes region of New York, Canandaigua has a long history as a major crossroads. Its name derives from a Seneca word meaning "The Chosen Spot", and its position at the northern end of Canandaigua Lake certainly justifies the moniker. With a well-preserved historic downtown, a magnificent 19th-century mansion with gardens, a modern and very trendy wine and culinary center, and (of course) the always-excellent boating on the lake, Canandaigua today has just as much to offer a visitor as it did in its heyday... if not more.

Understand
Before European settlement, the principal village of the Senecas was located on a hill just north of Canandaigua Lake. It was called, in various transliterations, "Ga-nun-da-gwa", "Ganondagan", or "Kanandarque".

By the time the Treaty of Canandaigua was signed in 1794, the area had begun to be settled by white men. Canandaigua became the county seat of Ontario County, which at the time encompassed the entirety of New York west of Seneca Lake. From then until the Erie Canal opened in 1823, Canandaigua was the largest and most important community in Western New York.

Once the Canal opened, Canandaigua was surpassed in prominence by Buffalo and Rochester. But it continued to grow and in 1913 incorporated as a city.

Get in
is just northwest of the city limits, off Brickyard Road. It's small, with no commercial flights, but there are some services available, including a Hertz car rental counter. If you need commercial airline service, fly into Rochester. The same goes for Amtrak train service.

As befits a town that was once the center of activity in Western New York, there are a number of highway routes that intersect in Canandaigua. Long distance travelers will likely use the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90), which runs east-west about six miles north of the city. From the east, take Exit 43 for State Route 21; from the west, use Exit 44 and take State Route 332. Route 21 also comes in from the south, west of the Lake, connecting to Naples. State Route 5 and U.S. Route 20 (or just "5 and 20" to locals) run concurrently along the western and southern edge of the city, providing a more scenic east-west connection than the Thruway.

Get around
Canandaigua is a remarkably simple city to get around. The street grid is angled off north-south a bit, with the main drag, Route 332, heading NNW from the lake shore toward Farmington. The city's historic downtown retail strip is along the very wide 332, with secondary roads branching off. There's plenty of parking right on Main Street. Routes 5 and 20 intersect 332 a short distance north of the lake, leading to a more modern commercial strip to the east; that's where the major big-box retailers and strip malls are. Running right along the lake shore (and where you end up if you take Main Street past 5 and 20) is, appropriately enough, Lake Shore Drive; it's a scenic boulevard that provides access to lakefront attractions. Almost everything you need, as a traveler, will be within a short distance of these three roads.

If you need to rent a car, Enterprise (on Route 332) and Hertz (at the Airport) have locations just outside the city.

Buy
Downtown Canandaigua has dozens of independent retail shops that continue to thrive even with the big-box strip malls just around the corner on 5 and 20. Just about everything from furniture to fashions, from bicycles to baked goods, can be found along Main Street or nearby side streets.

Go next

 * Bristol Mountain, less than an hour south along Route 21, is the local destination for skiing come wintertime.

title: Canandaigua


text:
Canary Islands

The Canary Islands (Spanish: Islas Canarias) are an Atlantic territory of Spain off the coast of Morocco and Western Sahara.

Islands
The Canary archipelago consists of 8 inhabited islands, and a few smaller uninhabited ones.
 * – The largest and most populous island with an area of 2,034 km² and also the most popular tourist destination of the archipelago, with about 6 million tourists per year. It has many museums and monuments that serve as portrayals of its rich history, but suffers under low cost mass tourism from the European mainland. Its oldest mountain ranges are young compared to its neighbouring islands, and volcanic activity did not begin to occur here until 8-12 million years ago, while other islands had it well over 20 million years ago. The highest mountain of Spain and 3rd largest volcano in the world (3,715 m), El Teide, dominates the landscape of the island. Santa Cruz de Tenerife is home to the Canary Island Parliament, while San Cristóbal de La Laguna is home to the oldest university on the Canary Islands. The main resorts are Puerto de la Cruz and Playa de las Américas.
 * – Second largest island, with an area of 1,660 km², but compared to Tenerife relatively thinly populated with only 117,000 (2019) inhabitants. There are fewer attractions, but in turn the island has not yet fallen prey to mass tourism. Its capital, Puerto del Rosario, is fairly laid back and has a few architectural gems to offer. Fuerteventura is a paradise for windsurfing and the only Canary Island with natural golden sandy beaches rather than naturally black volcanic sand. The main resorts of Fuerteventura are Corralejo, Caleta de Fuste and Morro Jable.
 * – The third largest island and second most popular (after Tenerife) receiving over 4 million tourists every year–green and steep in the north, dry and flat in the south. It has the highest population density of the Canary Islands, with 540 inhabitants per km², and with tourists added to that number it gets a bit crowded at times. The main resorts on the Island are Las Palmas, Maspalomas, Puerto Rico and Playa del Ingles. Its capital city Las Palmas de Gran Canaria has the shared title of capital of the Canaries.
 * – About half the size of Gran Canaria, but low lying and arid, with a spectacular volcanic landscape in the west of the island preserved as Timanfaya National Park. The greatest recorded eruptions occurred between 1730–1736. The capital is Arrecife and has its own airport, and draws most of the 2.9 million tourists visiting Lanzarote annually. There is a bustling nightlife in four main resorts—Arrecife, Costa Teguise, Puerto del Carmen and Playa Blanca.
 * – The smallest inhabited island of the Canaries, being only 29 km² in size and having a population of approx. 735 (2018). Its capital is Caleta de Sebo, and it's a few kilometres to the north of Lanzarote.
 * – The population is about 83,000 (2019), of which about half live in the capital, Santa Cruz de la Palma and in Los Llanos de Aridane. La Palma's geographic layout is a result of the volcanic formation of the island. The southern part of La Palma is dominated by the Cumbre Vieja, a volcanic ridge formed by numerous volcanic cones built of lava and scoria. The Cumbre Vieja is active but mostly dormant, with the last eruption occurring in 2021.
 * – The Magic Isle, with San Sebastián as capital, is a paradise for hikers. It is shaped like an orange that has been cut in half and split into segments. The terrain is rough, which has left deep ravines or barrancos between them. These barrancos, in turn, are covered by the laurisilva (laurel rain forest). The local wine has a distinct taste, and is often accompanied with a tapa (snack) of local cheese, roasted pork or goat meat. Other cultural dishes include almogrote, a cheese spread, and a syrup extracted from palm trees called miel de palma. The local people have a unique way of communicating across deep ravines by using a whistled speech called Silbo Gomero. This whistled language is indigenous to the island, and its existence has been documented since Roman times.
 * – "The edge of the world". It is also known as the Meridian Island, and Valverde is its capital.

All islands use the same time zone: Western European Time (WET). This means the time is the same as Portugal and United Kingdom.

Understand
Pico del Teide (on Tenerife) at 3,715 metres above sea level is the highest point in both the Canary Islands and Spanish territory.

Demographics
The islands have a population of 2.2 million (2019). Since the Canary Islands are a major European tourist destination, all the major islands have well-developed communication systems, airports, and ports.

Ethnically the population is mostly a mix of Spanish, European (German and British), South American, especially Cuban and Venezuelan as well as Northern and Sub-Sahara African. There are also historical minorities such as Indians, Koreans and lately Russians.

Each island speaks with a slightly different accent and there is a strong rivalry between the main islands of Tenerife and Gran Canaria. Most of the accents in the Canary Islands are closer to Latin American Spanish than to Castilian Spanish spoken in continental Spain.

The Canary Islands are very modern, very European, and extremely liberal.

History
Ancient legend claims the Canary Islands are the ‘lost islands’ of Atlantis. They have also been referred to as the lands without sorrow, holding on to the edge of the world. The first settlers were known as Guanches, thought to have arrived in the 10th century BC. The main economic system was built around agriculture and animal farming. During the 14th century, the islands were continuously invaded by different European countries. Sugar cane became the dominant crop, and since the early 20th century, bananas have been widely farmed.

During the Age of Sail, the islands were an important waypoint on the Cape Route.

In contrast to Spanish North Africa and other Spanish overseas territories, the Canary Islands have been an integrated part of Spain for centuries.

Climate
Often referred to as the islands of eternal spring, the Canary Islands are known for their mild climate. On average, they feature mild winters, although there is a lot of wind virtually every day, which makes temperatures feel cooler. Summers are dry and temperatures are generally comfortable but can feel chilly with the wind. The average temperature is 13°C in January and 19°C in July. Sunshine is somewhat abundant in summer and relatively scarce in winter.

Beyond averages, though, the islands show remarkable variability in climate and weather. While the western part of the archipelago has a warm subtropical climate, the much flatter eastern islands of Lanzarote and Fuerteventura feature a dryer desert climate. On the more mountainous islands, the terrain heavily influences the local climate. Tenerife, for example, has a dry and sunny south that is perfect for a day at the beach. But as the high mountains catch the trade winds, the northern slopes receive more moisture. There, clouds tend to build up during the day, building the hikers' paradise that is the cloud forest.

 is a common weather condition where a hazy and hot weather is caused by dust getting blown over from the Sahara desert. It will reduce visibility, cover everything with a layer of fine dust, heat up the islands, and may even cause some rain. It is more common in the winter, happens about once a month, and usually lasts for less than a week.

Get in
Just like mainland Spain, the Canary Islands are part of the European Union and the Schengen area. Arrivals from other Schengen territories usually don't need to clear immigration.

By plane
There are regular flights from mainland Spain and elsewhere in Europe to the larger islands of Gran Canaria, La Palma , Fuerteventura , Lanzarote , and Tenerife which has two airports: the north near Santa Cruz and the south  near Golf del Sur.

El Hierro and Gomera are reached by inter-island flights. La Graciosa has no airport.

By boat

The Spanish company Naviera Armas has weekly connections between Huelva and Cadiz in Spain and Arrecife (Lanzarote), Las Palmas (Gran Canaria) and Tenerife. Fred Olsen also has weekly connections from Huelva to Tenerife and Gran Canaria. A detailed map of these three routes can be found on Ferrygogo.

Cruise ships will often plan a stop at the Canary Islands when crossing the Atlantic Ocean or navigating along the eastern coast of Africa. Longer cruises around the Western Mediterranean will also often include a stop at the Canaries, and a few operators like Marella will even offer Canaries-only trips.

Get around
Travel between the islands is overly expensive for tourists, and it is generally not worth it since most islands have enough to offer to keep you busy. Transport for locals is subsidised, but the normal price for tourists is widely overdrawn compared to the rest of Europe for such services. Ferry and plane monopolies play into the situation.

By public transport
Public transport is available on most islands, varying widely in price and efficiency though—see the specific islands for more information. Do not expect bus drivers to know more than a couple of sentences in English or German, though they will try to be helpful.

By rental car
Renting a car is often the best option for discovering the remote and wildness regions—Tenerife might be an exception with its very efficient bus system. There are several well-established local rental companies that are well worth considering, already starting at €100/week or less, especially in off-season starting from April. On smaller islands like La Palma, the variety of companies is reduced though.

Local rental companies (always compare!): International rental companies:
 * AutoReisen – Cheap, reliable and no deposit—from €9/day. Not very well known nor listed on the common price comparison websites. Pickup and drop-off is only possible at airports and on the same island. You must be at least 23 years old, and the rental price can only be paid by a credit or debit card in the driver's name. Ask around and you will see that people are very happy with them.
 * PlusCar Rent a Car – Conditions are similar to AutoReisen—sometimes cheaper, sometimes more expensive. Likewise no deposit.
 * CICAR a.k.a. Cabrera Medina – Reliable and well-known. A bit more expensive than AutoReisen and PlusCar, but with a wider range of models and a much denser network of rental branches all across the islands. No deposit for the car (but for the fuel).
 * PaylessCar – Affordable and good.
 * TopCar – From €12/day, but many people complain about consecutively being charged for fuel or cleaning. Deposit: €500.
 * CarzRent (Tenerife only) – Always open, large deposits and avarage prices.
 * Goldcar, Dollar, Interrent – Not worth the stress—they are well known for ripping off their customers. If you still decide to use them, make sure you understand their terms & conditions, since there may be hidden fees or other tricks.
 * Avis, Europcar, Thrifty, Hertz, Enterprice – Probably not worth the extra money, unless you have a membership thing or get a good discount.

The rental conditions of the local companies typically include unlimited mileage, a free second driver and free booster seats for your kids. As a general rule, the driver must be at least 21 years old. Fuel is not included, so make sure to fuel up before returning your vehicle to avoid additional costs.

As roads can often be narrow and unpaved, there is a real risk of damaging cars by ricocheting stones and pebbles. That's why most of the local companies include full insurance by default. When your rental car is fully insured, returning the vehicle is as simple as dropping off the key. Otherwise, inspect your rental car carefully before signing the contract, and consider adding insurance to the contract conditions for a surcharge.

Choose a car that is just large enough to fit all passengers and luggage, but try to keep it as small as possible. A small car is much easier to find a parking spot for in the historic centres of towns and cities, and passing another vehicle coming from the opposite direction becomes less of an adventure on narrow mountain roads. If you intend to do a lot of hiking, some extra ground clearance can occasionally come in handy, as paved parking lots can be a rare good in the mountains. Something like a Jeep Wrangler would be overkill for this, but if you've got money to burn, some of the local rental companies offer those too.

By taxi
Taxis can be expensive, and inside a city they are not worth the money unless you are in a real hurry or cannot balance yourself after a shopping day.

By boat
If you want to travel between the islands, a good option might be to take a ferry. Most ferries are modern, but they are pricey unless you have a residency status. Ferrygogo has a good overview of the different routes that are served by the two main companies:

 * Naviera Armas / Transmediterránea – Has many connections all across the region with a large mixed fleet of regular and high-speed ferries.
 * Fred Olsen – Focuses on high speed connections.

There are also a couple of scheduled water bus and on-demand water taxi connections available for shorter trips:
 * Lineas Romero – Short distance passenger ferries connecting Lanzarote with Fuerteventura, and La Graciosa with Lanzarote.
 * Fuertecharter – Offers daily trips from Fuerteventura to Isla de Lobos and Lanzarote.

Check their website for the best prices. There is of course also a number of companies offering whale watching tours and the like.

Renting a yacht (or bringing your own) is also a great way to get around if you know what you're doing. The islands offer numerous harbors and more than 30 marinas to moor in. Sailing the waters can be challenging, though, so plan your trip carefully. Some nautical information and useful links are available at the official website.

By plane
If you are afraid of the sea, or get sick just by staring at a ferry, then a plane is what you need to travel between the islands. With the exception of Graciosa (which only has a helipad for medical emergencies) all of the larger islands are served by regional airlines:

 * Binter
 * Canaryfly

That usually means a turboprop ATR-72 or ATR-42, especially when going to the regional airport of La Gomera or El Hierro that are too small for regular airliners to land on. They are perfectly safe and adequately fast, as you are likely to spend more time at the airport than in the plane. Especially between Tenerife and Gran Canaria there are also sometimes airlines that fly from further afield and stop in both islands—whether they sell tickets for that last leg alone is rather hit and miss, however.

See and do
The Canary Islands are home to 4 s:
 * Teide National Park on Tenerife, with at its centre Mount Teide, the tallest mountain of Spain and one of the world's tallest volcanoes.
 * The historic centre of San Cristóbal de La Laguna on Tenerife, dotted with colonial architectural gems.
 * The subtropical rainforest of La Garajonay National Park on La Gomera.
 * The archaeological site of Risco Caído on Gran Canaria.

 * Visit the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves in Canary Islands
 * La Palma
 * Lanzarote
 * Isla de El Hierro
 * Gran Canaria
 * Fuerteventura
 * La Gomera
 * Macizo de Anaga

Otherwise the islands impress with:
 * Numerous beaches
 * Volcanoes and volcanic landscapes great for hiking
 * Historical architecture in the old town of Las Palmas

Money
The euro (€) is the currency of the Canaries. The islands are outside the EU VAT area and have a separate sales tax from the VAT levied in mainland Spain.

Withdrawing money from Spanish ATMs will often result in an extra charge by the machine of €1–8. Cash can therefore be an alternative, but bears certain risks. However, since COVID credit cards are widely accepted as payment option, even for the tiniest amounts—cash-only is likely a source of tax evasion concerns. So, you are probably best off bringing a few €50–100 in cash and paying the rest with credit card, in case you want to avoid ATM fees.

Bizum is very popular with locals, and even some bars and restaurants—as an alternative to PayPal or Venmo. However, you need a Spanish bank account to use it.

Eat
is a mix between Spanish, Latin and African cultures. Most of Canarian cuisine is a variety of fresh vegetables, fruit and fish, generally light meals, more easy to digest in a warm climate. Meat is usually consumed as a part of stews or as steaks.

 * or papa sancochada – Black potatoes boiled in very salty water until they are "wrinkly", hence the name, and served unpeeled with mojo picón, a spicy cold red sauce made with chili and garlic. These are often served as a tapa.
 * – A sauce that is always served with the papas arrugadas, but usually also with fish and such.
 * Goat – If any kind of meat is popular in the Canary Islands, it's goat. Locals and tourists equally will rave about good places they had goat in. If meat is your thing, you should definitely find such a place.
 * – Marinated, then sautéed and finally cooked in the marinade rabbit meat.
 * Fish – You will find a wide variety of fish and seafood with restaurants that allow you to choose a fish from their selection (often hand caught), which they will cook for you. Two popular fish dishes from Tenerife are Caldereta, a meal with tomatoes, goat meat and potatoes and the Sancocho Canario, a salted fish, usually white, in a “mojo” sauce.
 * – One of the most delicious Spanish contributions to international gastronomy, tapas are eaten a lot with local specialties including garlic sauces, fried beans and squid. A tapa is a light and small piece of food that Spaniards have either before lunch or dinner, usually with a glass of wine or beer. The tapa can be presented in several ways: as a pincho (with a stick), as a mini-dish of a traditional recipe, as a canapé, etc.
 * Morcilla Dulce Canaria – A sweet blood sausage, almost a cake or a pudding, very popular on the islands. The taste feels delicious and disgusting at the same time.
 * – Tortas made from fine corn flour filled with minced meat, cheese, or sweet mango; sometimes fried.
 * – A spread made of cheese and tomato paste, popular in La Gomera and put liberally onto bread.
 * Plantain bananas – The Canary Islands are Europe's only exporter of these famously delicious, and usually fried bananas.
 * – Grain flour used especially at breakfast or to accompany potaje, a local stew.
 * Mousse de gofio or gofío amasado – A dessert made from gofio, miel de palma, and plantains.
 * (potato omelette) and paella (rice dishes) are also common.
 * – Palm honey

Drink

 * Barraquito – Also called barraco, is a coffee speciality from the Canary Islands and particularly popular on Tenerife but also on La Palma.
 * Beer – There are three local breweries (Dorada, Tropical and Reina).
 * Coffee – Cafe solo (espresso) and Cortado (espresso with milk) are the most ordered coffee variations on the islands.
 * Rum – There are also well known rum distilleries, especially in Gran Canaria (Artemi and Arehucas). The ron miel is a sweet liquor made from rum and honey.
 * Wines – There are several brands of wines in the islands. North of Tenerife, La Geria in Lanzarote or La Palma have excellent vineyards.

Stay safe
112 is the common emergency number.

Pickpocketing
While being a safe place, beware of pickpockets in major tourist and resort areas. Do not take electrical devices, credit cards or large amounts of cash to the beach, if you plan to leave your goods unattended while swimming, or when going out for clubbing. Already many mobile phones have been snatched around the islands from drunken lads, especially at night.

Natural hazards
The islands are of volcanic origin, and the latest outbreak on La Palma in 2021 is proof that they are indeed still active. Outbreaks are rare, though, and any seismic activities are closely monitored to provide early warnings to the population. Moderate earthquakes can occur, but they typically do not exceed magnitudes of 5.5. Tropical storms sometimes reach the archipelago and can cause flooding and destruction in the coastal areas. All of the above mean that the terrain can be steep and unstable, making falling rocks and landslides a very real danger. If a mountain road or hiking trail is closed, that is usually because of this.

Episodes of heavy Calima (see Climate) may lead to respiratory problems, coughing, nasal obstruction and itchy eyes. Consider wearing a N95 type respirator outside, hydrate enough, and stay indoors if it gets too dusty.

Heat strokes and sunburn are an underestimated risk, as solar radiation so close to the equator is much stronger than many European tourists expect. The latter is maybe even more of a concern in the high mountains, where the air is thinner and feels more breezy.

There are no poisonous or otherwise dangerous wild animals around, and while mosquitoes may bite you on occasion, they do not carry infectious diseases.

Go next

 * Spain – Regular ferry connections exist between the Canary Islands and mainland Spain.
 * Morocco – There used to exist a ferry connection, but nowadays using the plane is the only option.
 * Madeira and Azores – Regular flights are available.

title: Canary Islands


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Canaveral National Seashore

Canaveral National Seashore (CANA) is a national seashore located in Brevard County and Volusia County in East Central Florida.

Understand
Canaveral National Seashore is situated on a barrier island between New Smyrna Beach, Titusville, and Cape Canaveral, along Florida's Central East Coast. The park's of shoreline is the longest stretch of undeveloped public beach on the east coast of Florida. Inviting park highlights include pristine, undeveloped beach, dunes and lagoon offering sanctuary to an abundant blend of plants and animals. Year-round recreation includes fishing, boating, canoeing, surfing, sunbathing, swimming, hiking, camping, nature and historical trails.

History
The Canaveral National Seashore was created by an Act of Congress in 1975, to "preserve and protect the outstanding natural, scenic, scientific, ecologic, and historic values of certain lands, shorelines, and waters of the State of Florida and to provide for public outdoor recreation use and enjoyment of the same".

The park has of barrier island, open lagoon, coastal hammock, pine flatwoods and offshore waters along the east central coast of Florida. It represents an excellent example of a relatively stable barrier beach backed by a productive lagoon system.

The park's 24 miles of undeveloped beach is the longest such stretch on the east coast of Florida. Mosquito Lagoon, which comprises over two-thirds of the park, is designated an Outstanding Florida Water and as a part of the long Indian River Lagoon (IRL), an Estuary of National Significance. The IRL is considered the most diverse and productive estuary in North America. Mosquito Lagoon supports nationally-recognized commercial and recreational fisheries for finfish, clams, oysters, blue crabs and shrimp. The park provides habitat for 14 federally-listed (Threatened and Endangered) animal species, ranking it second in the entire National Park Service. Three sea turtle species deposit approximately 4000 nests on the beach each year. Large numbers of waterfowl and wading birds utilize the Seashore as a migratory stopover and wintering ground. Located along the "frost line", the park contains a rich and unique mixture of subtropical and temperate plants found nowhere except central Florida.

CANA is superb example of a national park unit where interagency cooperation is paramount. Located at the northernmost end of Kennedy Space Center, approximately two-thirds of the park is owned by NASA and much of that is co-managed with the adjacent Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge. The park is working with these agencies on numerous projects such as feral hog control, exotic plant removal, restoration of impacted wetlands, long-term monitoring of natural resources and implementation of prescribed fire. Additional partnerships with state and local agencies include sea grass monitoring, mosquito control, water quality monitoring and law enforcement patrols.

Landscape
Much of Canaveral National Seashore is comprised of a barrier island ecosystem. A narrow island 24 miles in length separates the Atlantic Ocean from Mosquito Lagoon. On the east side of the island lies a sandy beach. The beach is backed by a single dune ridge, averaging 12 feet in height; however, in some areas, the dune has been obliterated by storm overwash. The backside of the dune is gradually sloping and anchored by a dense growth of vegetation. High marsh, mangrove and pockets of live oak/cabbage palmetto hammock occur along the shore of Mosquito Lagoon. Wider sections of the island show where former inlets existed.

Mosquito Lagoon is about one mile wide and averages four feet deep. It is basically a dead end sack, connected to the ocean by Ponce de Leon Inlet, 10 miles north of the park and to the Indian River by the Haulover Canal, on the western side of the lagoon. As a consequence, there is little flushing and tides, primarily wind-driven, are measured in inches. Several characteristics distinguish the northern third of the Mosquito Lagoon from the remainder of the lagoon. It contains numerous islands, consisting of hammock, mangrove and high marsh vegetation, while the southern two-thirds of the lagoon is open. Also many small, intertidal oyster reefs occur in the northern portion of the lagoon. This is partially due to the closer proximity to Ponce de Leon Inlet.

Mainland portions of the park consist of pine flatwoods, liveoak/cabbage palm hammock and live oak scrub. A system of ridges and alternating swales can be seen in the south end of the park, revealing the location of former shorelines formed during prior geologic periods. The highest point in the park is actually man-made, a 35 feet high mound of oyster shells constructed by Native Americans between 800 and 1400 AD. Called Turtle Mound, its summit offers a magnificent view of the lagoon, ocean and barrier island.

Several other significant man-made alterations should be also mentioned. A channel 12 feet deep is maintained along the northwest side of Mosquito Lagoon for the Intercoastal Waterway, which then extends eastward through the Haulover Canal about halfway down the west side of Mosquito Lagoon and into the Indian River. Because it is deeper than the rest of the lagoon, it attracts fish that prefer deeper water and it may serve as a sink for muck and associated pollutants, such as heavy metals. An even greater impact on the lagoon has been alteration of marsh areas for mosquito control. This included digging an extensive system of ditches, beginning in the 1920s, and construction of miles of earthen dikes in the 1960s and 1970s to create impoundments. Many of these dikes are now being breached or completely removed to reconnect valuable marsh areas with the lagoon system.

Forests
The term "forest", as most people think of it, does not really fit Canaveral National Seashore; however, there are conspicuous areas of big trees. These are called hammocks, which are basically islands of trees surrounded by marsh or scrub. At CANA's location along the "frost line", hammock overstory consists of temperate species, while the understory is primarily subtropical. Predominate overstory trees are live oak (Quercus virginiana) and cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto). Other common trees are southern red cedar (Juniperus silicicola), redbay (Persea borbonia), southern magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora), hackberry (Celtis laevigata) and pignut (Carya glabra). Typical understory trees and shrubs include nakedwood (Myrsianthes fragrans), marlberry (Ardesia escallanioides), white stopper (Eugenia axillaris) and yaupon holly (Ilex vomitoria). A keen observer can find several species of rare orchids, bromeliads and ferns growing on the limbs of the overstory trees, particularly large live oaks.

Two other tree communities are common in the park - oak scrub and pine flatwoods. Oak scrub has much smaller trees than the hammocks, generally being 10 feet or less in height. It is comprised of several live oak species, including myrtle oak (Quercus myrtifolia), chapman's oak (Q. chapmanii), sand live oak (Q. geminata) and some live oak (Q. virginiana). These are called live oaks because they retain green leaves throughout the winter. Several federally-listed animals and species of concern, such as the Florida scrub jay, eastern indigo snake and gopher tortoise live in scrub oak habitat. Scrub oak is a fire adapted community; under natural conditions it will burn every 7-20 years. This keeps the oaks under six feet tall and maintains open areas. If fire is excluded, the trees grow to heights of 12-15 feet, open areas close in and the habitat is no longer suitable for the jay, snake or tortoise. The park is implementing a prescribed fire program to return fire to its vital role in the CANA ecosystem.

Pine flatwoods contain large slash pine trees (Pinus elliottii), up to 30 meters high, in an open canopy. Main shrub species include saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), myrtle oak, fetter bush (Lyonia lucida), stagger bush (L. fruticosa), wax myrtle (Myrica cerifera), and gallberry (Ilex glabra). The pines are self-pruning, leaving a large gap between their branches and the shrub layer. The pine flatwoods are also fire adapted and if not burned periodically, will degrade as wildlife habitat. At CANA the bald eagles nest in the tallest pine trees. Biologists believe that the number of nesting eagles in the park is limited by the number of suitable nesting trees. Therefore, it is critical to allow fire to stimulate the regeneration of smaller pines and reduce high fuel loads that could kill nesting trees.

Animals
Canaveral National Seashore (CANA) has a diverse and fascinating variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals. The park provides habitat for 14 species of federally-listed threatened or endangered animals, the second greatest number in the entire National Park Service.

These include seven reptiles:
 * Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta)
 * Green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)
 * Leather back sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea)
 * Kemps's Ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii)
 * Hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata)
 * Eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi)
 * Atlantic salt marsh snake (Nerodia clarkii taeniata)
 * Gopher Tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus)

Four birds:

 * Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocephalus)
 * Wood stork (Mycteria americana)
 * Florida scrub jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens coerulescens)
 * Arctic peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus tundrius)

Three mammals:

 * West Indian Manatee (Trichechus manatus)
 * Southeastern beach mouse (Peromyscus polionotus niveiventris)
 * Right whale (Balaena glacialis)

The park and adjacent Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge are well known for great birding and are favored destinations for avid bird watchers. In addition to the three species listed above, large numbers of migrating waterfowl, wading birds and shorebirds can be seen during the spring and fall migration periods and winter.

CANA is equally renowned for outstanding fishing in the ocean surf and Mosquito Lagoon. The lagoon also harbors abundant populations of oysters, clams, blue crabs and shrimp.

Climate
Summers are hot & humid with temperatures in the mid-to-upper 90's.

Winters are mild with day-time temperatures in the 60-70°F range. Short periods of cold weather dipping down to the freezing mark can be expected in January & February.

Hurricane Season runs from June thru November, and is normally most active between August & October.

Visitor information

 * Park website

By plane

 * Daytona Beach International Airport in Daytona Beach.
 * Orlando International Airport in Orlando.
 * Space Coast Regional in Titusville.
 * Orlando/Sanford Airport (Sanford, FL)

By car
The national seashore and the wildlife refuge, located midway on Florida's east coast between Daytona Beach and Melbourne, are accessible via U.S. 1, I-95, and Fla 528 (Beach Line Expressway). The northern access, Apollo Beach, is on Fla A1A at the southern-most end in New Smyrna Beach.

Seminole Rest is located east of US-1 in Oak Hill on River Road. In Oakhill, turn east onto Halifax Avenue, which is located by the flashing caution light on US-1. Take Halifax Avenue east to River Road. Turn north on River Road. Seminole Rest is two tenths of a mile on the east side of River Road.

The southern access, Playalinda Beach in Titusville, is on Fla 406/402. Playalinda Beach is reached via Fla 402 (also known as Beach Road). From I-95, the exit number for our north district (Apollo Beach) is 249B. For the south district (Playalinda), the exit number from I-95 is 220. At both exits, go toward the east & follow the signs.

Fees and permits
The daily use fee is $5 per person. An annual pass (valid at Canaveral National Seashore only) is $35. The cost for individuals on foot or bicycle is $3 per day. You may leave the park and return the same day by presenting your valid entrance fee receipt.

Get around

 * There is no public transportation in the park. The park visitor may tour the park via private vehicle, bicycle, or on foot.
 * Horseback riding is available in the North District by reservation. A permit is required and the visitor must provide their own horse.

See

During June and July after hours the seashore is closed to the general public. However, turtle watch programs give park visitors an opportunity to learn about sea turtles and the role that the National Park Service plays in their conservation as well as the possibility of watching turtles nest and lay eggs. Open to persons eight years of age and older. Programs are limited to thirty people per night and a maximum of six persons per reservation. $14 per person.

Do

 * There are no Lifeguards on duty at Playalinda and Apollo. These beaches have portapotty type restrooms (and no running water) and boardwalk access.
 * Visitors with disabilities will find beach access points at Playalinda Beach: Eddy Creek and Parking Area No. 8; and at Apollo Beach: Areas No. 1 and No. 5.
 * First aid and drinking water are at information centers.
 * Surfing is permitted in the park.
 * Klondike Beach can only be reached by foot (a back country permit is required).
 * Naturists park in the northernmost Playalinda lots, at either No. 13 or No. 12, and go textile free on the beach areas across from these parking lots. It is not officially sanctioned by the park service but there have been no arrests by the county or harassment by the park service since the mid-2000s so long as the beachgoers avoid engaging in any type of lewd behavior.  There are no sign postings to make other beachgoers aware, but generally the textile and textile free areas are defacto keep separate by a buffer of beach space in the area across from lot No. 11 which section of beach is very infrequently used by anyone aside from an occasional fisherman.
 * Seashore areas may be closed if parking lots are filled or during shuttle launches at the Kennedy Space Center. For recorded information on launch closures at Playalinda Beach, call +1 321-867-0677.
 * Hiking The seashore and refuge offer short self-guided trails. Castle Windy and Turtle Mound trails have shell middens left by Timucuan Indians. Turtle Mound Trail boasts a view of the ocean and Mosquito Lagoon. Eldora Hammock, Oak Hammock, and Palm Hammock trails wind through densely vegetated hammocks. Cruickshank Trail has an observation tower and marsh views.
 * Hunting Seasonal hunting of migratory water fowl is allowed in the seashore and refuge and is part of the refuge's waterfowl management. Display or use of firearms, other than for authorized hunting activities, is prohibited.
 * Boating Launch sites in the refuge and seashore provide access to Mosquito Lagoon and Indian River. Airboats and PWC are prohibited. Canoe rentals, but not kayak rentals, are available for campers only. Guided canoe trips most weeks.  Reservations required.  No charge.
 * Fishing Freshwater, saltwater, and commercial fishing are subject to size and possession limits and may require a license or special use permit; inquire at information centers.
 * Boating Launch sites in the refuge and seashore provide access to Mosquito Lagoon and Indian River. Airboats and PWC are prohibited. Canoe rentals, but not kayak rentals, are available for campers only. Guided canoe trips most weeks.  Reservations required.  No charge.
 * Fishing Freshwater, saltwater, and commercial fishing are subject to size and possession limits and may require a license or special use permit; inquire at information centers.

Buy
The Information Center has an Eastern National Sales area offering books, t-shirts, bug spray and educational items pertaining to the seashore.

Eat
There are no concessions in the seashore which sell food or sundries. A soft drink machine is available in the Apollo District at the Information Center. The Center also has an Eastern National Sales area where you may purchase books, tee shirts, bug spray and other educational items pertaining to the seashore. We encourage you to bring what you need with you. You may leave the park and return the same day by presenting your valid entrance fee receipt.

Drink
Alcohol is permitted, but glass containers are prohibited on the beach.

Lodging
There are no motels or lodging in the park. Try New Smyrna Beach or Titusville.

Camping

 * Camping is not allowed in the refuge. Private campgrounds are available in nearby communities.

Backcountry
14 boat accessible primitive campsites are available within CANA boundaries. Reservations necessary to obtain permit. $10/night up to 6; $20/night 7 people or more. Canoes available for rental for camping only $25/day.

Stay safe
Rip currents and rough surf conditions may be encountered when swimming or surfing. The presence of stinging jelly fish on the beach is also common.

Sunburn can occur even on cloudy days. Re-apply sunblock regularly.

Carry ample drinking water with you & protect yourself from the bright sun and biting insects.

Afternoon thunderstorms with frequent lightning occur often during the summer. Wait out storms in your vehicle or under shelter.

Go next
East Central Florida has many other attractions.

title: Canaveral National Seashore


text:
Canazei

Canazei is a city in Trentino-Alto Adige, Italy. It is located in the Val di Fassa valley of the Dolomites mountain range. Canazei is a well known ski town, and the Belvedere ski area above it is part of the Sella Ronda ski circuit. It is well connected to the adjacent valleys Val Gardena and Arabba and is part of the Dolomiti Super-Ski skiing area. Canazei is also the base station for rock climbing, trekking and mountain-biking excursions during the summer months.

Get in
Canazei is reachable by car from 3 directions:
 * From the west by road SS48 from Bolzano, passing through other Fassa valley towns such as Campitello di Fassa
 * From the north by road SS242 from Selva
 * From the east by road SS641 from Arabba

Get around
Although Canazei is one of the largest ski towns in the valley, it is easy to cross on foot. Driving is easy, there are few roads and ample parking space near most points of interest. Also, the Dolomiti Super-Ski skipass allows one to use the free Ski Bus service that runs throughout the valley.

Winter
Being part of the Dolomiti Superski skiing area, Canazei offers skiers and snowboarders an enormous variety of pistes, both in the adjacent areas of Belvedere and Col-Rodella and, via linking pistes and chairlifts, the other resorts around the Sella massif. All of the area's resorts are joined under one ski pass and provide for nearly seamless use of approximately 1200 km of skiable terrain. The ski area is accessible from Canazei by the Belvedere cable car, or by driving on road SS48 further north to the Lupo Bianco hotel from which two smaller cable cars allow access to both the Canazei and Campitello ski areas.

Another major point of interest is the Sella massif, accessible by cablecar from Passo Pordoi which resides yet higher north on road SS48.

Eat
Canazei offers a selection of the South Tyrol cuisine, which derives both from the Austrian and North Italian cuisines. Grocery stores sell typical Italian meats and cheese such as Prosciutto & Parmesan, Lambrusco sparkling wine, and also the Loacker wafers that originate in the Trento area. Restaurants will most often offer a wide range of pizza, pasta and meat dishes.

Sleep
Being a popular ski and trekking resort, Canazei is overflowing with small hotels, B&Bs and holiday rental apartments.

Most apartments are equipped for summer and winter sport activities, and have ski storage rooms, private parking and other useful services.

title: Canazei