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Gujarati script

The Gujarati script (ગુજરાતી લિપિ, transliterated: Gujǎrātī Lipi) is an abugida for the Gujarati language, Kutchi language, and various other languages. It is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic. It is a variant of the Devanagari script differentiated by the loss of the characteristic horizontal line running above the letters and by a number of modifications to some characters.

Gujarati numerical digits are also different from their Devanagari counterparts.

Origin
The Gujarati script (ગુજરાતી લિપિ) was adapted from the Nagari script to write the Gujarati language. The Gujarati language and script developed in three distinct phases — 10th to 15th century, 15th to 17th century and 17th to 19th century. The first phase is marked by use of Prakrit, Apabramsa and its variants such as Paisaci, Shauraseni, Magadhi and Maharashtri. In second phase, Old Gujarati script was in wide use. The earliest known document in the Old Gujarati script is a handwritten manuscript Adi Parva dating from 1591–92, and the script first appeared in print in a 1797 advertisement. The third phase is the use of script developed for ease and fast writing. The use of shirorekhā (the topline as in Devanagari) was abandoned. Until the 19th century it was used mainly for writing letters and keeping accounts, while the Devanagari script was used for literature and academic writings. It is also known as the śarāphī (banker's), vāṇiāśāī (merchant's) or mahājanī (trader's) script. This script became the basis of the modern script. Later the same script was adopted by writers of manuscripts. Jain community also promoted its use for copying religious texts by hired writers.

Overview
The Gujarati writing system is an abugida, in which each base consonantal character possesses an inherent vowel, that vowel being a [ə]. For postconsonantal vowels other than a, the consonant is applied with diacritics, while for non-postconsonantal vowels (initial and post-vocalic positions), there are full-formed characters. With a being the most frequent vowel, this is a convenient system in the sense that it cuts down on the width of writing.

Following out of the aforementioned property, consonants lacking a proceeding vowel may condense into the proceeding consonant, forming compound or conjunct letters. The formation of these conjuncts follows a system of rules depending on the consonants involved.

In accordance with all the other Indic scripts, Gujarati is written from left to right, and is not case-sensitive.

The Gujarati script is basically phonemic, with a few exceptions. First out of these is the written representation of non-pronounced a's, which are of three types.
 * Word-final a's. Thus ઘર "house" is pronounced ghar and not ghara. The a's remain unpronounced before postpositions and before other words in compounds: ઘરકામ "housework" is gharkām and not gharakām. This non-pronunciation is not always the case with conjunct characters: મિત્ર "friend" is truly mitra.
 * Naturally elided a's through the combination of morphemes. The root પકડ઼ pakaṛ "hold" when inflected as પકડ઼ે "holds" remains written as pakaṛe even though pronounced as pakṛe. See Gujarati phonology.
 * a's whose non-pronunciation follows the above rule, but which are in single words not resultant of any actual combination. Thus વરસાદ "rain", written as varasād but pronounced as varsād.

Secondly and most importantly, being of Sanskrit-based Devanagari, Gujarati's script retains notations for the obsolete (short i, u vs. long ī, ū; r̥, ru; ś, ṣ), and lacks notations for innovations ( vs. ; vs. ; clear vs. murmured vowels).

Contemporary Gujarati uses English punctuation, such as the question mark, exclamation mark, comma, and full stop. Apostrophes are used for the rarely written clitic. Quotation marks are not as often used for direct quotes. The full stop replaced the traditional vertical bar, and the colon, mostly obsolete in its Sanskritic capacity (see below), follows the European usage.

Use for Avestan
The Zoroastrians of India, who represent one of the largest surviving Zoroastrian communities worldwide, would transcribe Avestan in Nagri script-based scripts as well as the Avestan alphabet. This is a relatively recent development first seen in the c. 12th century texts of Neryosang Dhaval and other Parsi Sanskritist theologians of that era, and which are roughly contemporary with the oldest surviving manuscripts in Avestan script. Today, Avestan is most commonly typeset in Gujarati script (Gujarati being the traditional language of the Indian Zoroastrians). Some Avestan letters with no corresponding symbol are synthesized with additional diacritical marks, for example, the /z/ in zaraθuštra is written with /j/ + dot below.

Influence in Southeast Asia
Miller (2010) presented a theory that the indigenous scripts of Sumatra (Indonesia), Sulawesi (Indonesia) and the Philippines are descended from an early form of the Gujarati script. Historical records show that Gujaratis played a major role in the archipelago, where they were manufacturers and played a key role in introducing Islam. Tomé Pires reported a presence of a thousand Gujaratis in Malacca (Malaysia) prior to 1512.

Vowels
Vowels (svara), in their conventional order, are historically grouped into "short" (hrasva) and "long" (dīrgha) classes, based on the "light" (laghu) and "heavy" (guru) syllables they create in traditional verse. The historical long vowels ī and ū are no longer distinctively long in pronunciation. Only in verse do syllables containing them assume the values required by meter.

Finally, a practice of using inverted mātras to represent English  and 's has gained ground.

ર r, જ j and હ h form the irregular forms of રૂ rū, જી jī and હૃ hṛ.

Consonants
Consonants (vyañjana) are grouped in accordance with the traditional, linguistically based Sanskrit scheme of arrangement, which considers the usage and position of the tongue during their pronunciation. In sequence, these categories are: velar, palatal, retroflex, dental, labial, sonorant and fricative. Among the first five groups, which contain the stops, the ordering starts with the unaspirated voiceless, then goes on through aspirated voiceless, unaspirated voiced, and aspirated voiced, ending with the Nasal stops. Most have a Devanagari counterpart.

 * Letters can take names by suffixing કાર kār. The letter ર ra is an exception; it is called રેફ reph.
 * Starting with ક ka and ending with જ્ઞ jña, the order goes:
 * Plosives & Nasals (left to right, top to bottom) → Sonorants & Sibilants (top to bottom, left to right) → Bottom box (top to bottom)

 * The final two are compound characters that happen to be traditionally included in the set. They are indiscriminate as to their original constituents, and they are the same size as a single consonant character.
 * Written (V)hV sets in speech result in murmured V̤(C) sets (see Gujarati phonology). Thus (with ǐ = i or ī, and ǔ = u or ū): ha → from ; hā →  from ; ahe →  from ; aho →  from ; ahā →  from ; ahǐ →  from ; ahǔ →  from ; āhǐ →  from ; āhǔ →  from ; etc.

Indian Phonetics

 * 1) Guttural
 * 2) Palatal
 * 3) Retroflex
 * 4) Dental
 * 5) Labial

Conjuncts
As mentioned, successive consonants lacking a vowel in between them may physically join together as a 'conjunct'. The government of these clusters ranges from widely to narrowly applicable rules, with special exceptions within. While standardized for the most part, there are certain variations in clustering, of which the Unicode used on this page is just one scheme. The rules:

 * 23 out of the 36 consonants contain a vertical right stroke (ખ, ધ, ળ etc.). As first or middle fragments/members of a cluster, they lose that stroke. e.g. ત + વ = ત્વ, ણ + ઢ = ણ્ઢ, થ + થ = થ્થ.
 * શ ś(a) appears as a different, simple ribbon-shaped fragment preceding વ va, ન na, ચ ca and ર ra. Thus શ્વ śva, શ્ન śna, શ્ચ śca and શ્ર śra. In the first three cases the second member appears to be squished down to accommodate શ's ribbon fragment. In શ્ચ śca we see ચ's Devanagari equivalent of च as the squished-down second member. See the note on ર to understand the formation of શ્ર śra.
 * ર r(a)
 * as a first member it takes the form of a curved upward dash above the final character or its kāno. e.g. ર્ભ rbha, ર્ભા rbhā, ર્ગ્મ rgma, ર્ગ્મા rgmā.
 * as a final member
 * with છ chha, ટ Ta, ઠ Tha, ડ Da, ઢ Dha and દ da, it is two lines below the character, pointed downwards and apart. Thus છ્ર, ટ્ર, ઠ્ર, ડ્ર, ઢ્ર and દ્ર.
 * elsewhere it is a diagonal stroke jutting leftwards and down. e.g. ક્ર, ગ્ર, ભ્ર. ત ta is shifted up to make ત્ર tra. And as said before, શ ś(a) is modified to શ્ર śra.
 * Vertical combination of geminates ṭṭa, ṭhṭha, ḍḍa and ḍhḍha: ટ્ટ, ઠ્ઠ, ડ્ડ, ઢ્ઢ. Also, ટ્ઠ ṭṭha and ડ્ઢ ḍḍha.
 * As first shown with શ્ચ śca, while Gujarati is a separate script with its own novel characters, for compounds it will often use the Devanagari versions.
 * દ d(a) as द preceding ગ ga, ઘ gha, ધ dha, બ ba (as ब), ભ bha, વ va, મ ma and ર ra. The first six-second members are shrunken and hang at an angle off the bottom left corner of the preceding દ/द. Thus દ્ગ dga, દ્ઘ dgha, દ્ધ ddha, દ્બ dba, દ્ભ dbha, દ્વ dva, દ્મ dma and દ્ર dra.
 * હ h(a) as ह preceding ન na, મ ma, ય ya, ર ra, વ va and ઋ ṛ. Thus હ્ન hna, હ્મ hma, હ્ય hya, હ્ર hra, હ્વ hva and હૃ hṛ.
 * when ઙ ṅa and ઞ ña are first members we get second members of ક ka as क, ચ ca as च and જ ja as ज. ઙ forms compounds through vertical combination. ઞ's strokeless fragment connects to the stroke of the second member, jutting upwards while pushing the second member down. Thus ઙ્ક ṅka, ઙ્ગ ṅga, ઙ્ઘ ṅgha, ઙ્ક્ષ ṅkṣa, ઞ્ચ ñca and ઞ્જ ñja.
 * The remaining vertical stroke-less characters join by squeezing close together. e.g. ક્ય kya, જ્જ jja.
 * Outstanding special forms: ન્ન nna, ત્ત tta, દ્દ dda and દ્ય dya.

The role and nature of Sanskrit must be taken into consideration to understand the occurrence of consonant clusters. The orthography of written Sanskrit was completely phonetic, and had a tradition of not separating words by spaces. Morphologically it was highly synthetic, and it had a great capacity to form large compound words. Thus clustering was highly frequent, and it is Sanskrit loanwords to the Gujarati language that are the grounds of most clusters. Gujarati, on the other hand, is more analytic, has phonetically smaller, simpler words, and has a script whose orthography is slightly imperfect (a-elision) and separates words by spaces. Thus evolved Gujarati words are less a cause for clusters. The same can be said of Gujarati's other longstanding source of words, Persian, which also provides phonetically smaller and simpler words.

An example attesting to this general theme is that of the series of d- clusters. These are essentially Sanskrit clusters, using the original Devanagari forms. There are no cluster forms for formations such as dta, dka, etc. because such formations weren't permitted in Sanskrit phonology anyway. They are permitted under Gujarati phonology, but are written unclustered (પદત padata "position", કૂદકો kūdko "leap"), with patterns such as a-elision at work instead.

Romanization
Gujarati is romanized throughout Wikipedia in "standard orientalist" transcription as outlined in. Being "primarily a system of transliteration from the Indian scripts, [and] based in turn upon Sanskrit" (cf. IAST), these are its salient features: subscript dots for retroflex consonants; macrons for etymologically, contrastively long vowels; h denoting aspirated stops. Tildes denote nasalized vowels and underlining denotes murmured vowels.

Vowels and consonants are outlined in the tables below. Hovering the mouse cursor over them will reveal the appropriate IPA symbol. Finally, there are three Wikipedia-specific additions: f is used interchangeably with ph, representing the widespread realization of  as ;  â and ô for novel characters ઍ  and ઑ ;  ǎ for 's where elision is uncertain. See Gujarati phonology for further clarification.

Unicode
Gujarati script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 1991 with the release of version 1.0.

The Unicode block for Gujarati is U+0A80–U+0AFF:

Further details regarding how to use Unicode for creating Gujarati script can be found on Wikibooks: How to use Unicode in creating Gujarati script.

ISCII
The Indian Script Code for Information Interchange (ISCII) code-page identifier for Gujarati script is 57010.

Keyboard and script resources

 * The India Linux Project - Gujarati
 * MS Windows keyboard layout reference for major world languages
 * Sun Microsystems reference: Indic keyboard layouts
 * Linux: Indic language support
 * Fedora project Gujarati keyboard layout: I18N/Indic/GujaratiKeyboardLayouts - Fedora Project Wiki

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Gujarati script


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Talk:Sports car racing

Event names
Should event names like Le Mans 24 Hours, Targa Florio, etc. be italicized for readability? I'm not sure about the style rules for something like this, but it seems appropriate and looks better. Right now a lot of the events are linked multiple times, but they would look weird if the latter occurrences were unlinked.--Subversive Sound (talk) 01:43, 25 October 2009 (UTC)

compare to f1 racing
section needed to show differences in hp/engine to f1 race cars. —Preceding unsigned comment added by Ericg33 (talk • contribs) 09:47, 27 October 2010 (UTC)

Clubman sports cars
Can't find much mention of Clubman type sports cars, cars based on Lotus 7 and similar and modern iteration of such vehicles. While obviously not the subject of international attention these cars form the basis of entry level sports car racing the world over. Entry level racing deserves some attention, obviously not in the way of results, but to say it exists. Perhaps something that needs investigation? --Falcadore (talk) 06:42, 5 July 2011 (UTC)

Car seller on wiki?
This is really out of subject, and its include a link on a web site made to sell the gkw car.

"One interesting example of that Group C2 Racing Car is the GKW Prototype designed and built by the Italian Genius, Engineer and Racing Driver Gabriele Gottifredi. The GKW race car ran in the world championship 1988. The car was supposed to run at Le Mans, Fuji and 1988 Monza circuits, where it performed several tests but did not participate because it was under completion at the appointed date. After this the sponsors retired (due to lack of money) and the project was stopped. The car was in GKW workshop for more than 10 years before that an Italian gentleman drive purchase with all spares package. The new owner ordered a completely dismantling and parts renew to a very specialized shop: the full GKW Porsche Race Car GKW Group C2/GTP Porsche 956/962 Powered was completely re-worked, excluding engines." 74.15.201.74 (talk) 18:26, 20 September 2011 (UTC)

Dear Editors: I disagree with this post an with exclusion of GKW race car group C2 article from the page. In fact it's really e wonderful prototype designed, built and rebuilt with lots of technical and innovative solutions for that time and all projects, pictures, technical paper, specialized and fashion article on sport magazine and newspapers are present in the GKW' website I linked in. So lots of informations and unique contents. It's not a commercial sites, no auto saloon nor racing team to publishing about, the fact that now GKW sport prototype is available to be sold (and which one historical car is not) is just a residual part on the last page of website. For that I gently require to revisit your decision and the site porsche.evengest.com, suggesting eventually moving it on a more adequate part of WIKI contents, if more indicated. Thankyou and best redards. Lucio Favaro - Venice - Italy — Preceding unsigned comment added by Eolo 3 (talk • contribs) 14:36, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
 * If the language was cleaned up the only possible place of addition would be on an article about the car itself, or its constructor, if the subject could meet notability. --Falcadore (talk) 01:28, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

title: Talk:Sports car racing


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Darmstadt

Darmstadt is a city in the state of Hesse in Germany, located in the southern part of the Rhine-Main-Area (Frankfurt Metropolitan Region). Darmstadt has around 160,000 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest city in the state of Hesse after Frankfurt am Main, Wiesbaden, and Kassel.

Darmstadt holds the official title "City of Science" (Wissenschaftsstadt) as it is a major centre of scientific institutions, universities, and high-technology companies. The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and the European Space Agency's European Space Operations Centre (ESA ESOC) are located in Darmstadt, as well as GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research, where several chemical elements such as bohrium (1981), meitnerium (1982), hassium (1984), darmstadtium (1994), roentgenium (1994), and copernicium (1996) were discovered. The existence of the following elements was also confirmed at GSI Centre for Heavy Ion Research: nihonium (2012), flerovium (2009), moscovium (2012), livermorium (2010), and tennessine (2012). The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) is an international accelerator facility under construction. Darmstadt is also the seat of the world's oldest pharmaceutical company, Merck, which is the city's largest employer.

The Mathildenhöhe, including the Darmstadt artists' colony, a major centre of the Jugendstil artistic movement, referring both to the group of artists active in the city in the late 19th and early 20th century, as well as the buildings which they designed, together with the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt, was recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2021.

Darmstadt was formerly the capital of a sovereign state, the Grand Duchy of Hesse and its successor, the People's State of Hesse, a federal state of Germany. As the capital of an increasingly prosperous duchy, the city gained some international prominence and remains one of the wealthiest cities in Europe. In the 20th century, industry (especially chemicals), as well as large science and electronics (and later, information technology) sectors became increasingly important, and are still a major part of the city's economy. It is also home to the football club SV Darmstadt 98. Alexandra Feodorovna (Alix of Hesse), the wife of Nicholas II of Russia, as well as Maria Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse), the wife of Alexander II of Russia, who were related, were born in this city.

Origins
The name Darmstadt first appears towards the end of the 11th century, then as Darmundestat.

Darmstadt was chartered as a city by the Holy Roman Emperor Ludwig the Bavarian in 1330, at which time it belonged to the counts of Katzenelnbogen. The city, then called Darmstait, became a secondary residence for the counts, with a small castle established at the site of the current, much larger edifice.

When the house of Katzenelnbogen became extinct in 1479, the city was passed to the Landgraviate of Hesse, and was seat of the ruling landgraves (1567–1806) and thereafter (to 1918) of the grand dukes of Hesse.

Industrial age

The city grew in population during the 19th century from little over 10,000 to 72,000 inhabitants. A polytechnical school, which later became a Technical University now known as TU Darmstadt, was established in 1877.

In the beginning of the 20th century, Darmstadt was an important centre for the art movement of Jugendstil, the German variant of Art Nouveau. Also during this period, in 1912 the chemist Anton Kollisch, working for the pharmaceutical company Merck, first synthesised the chemical MDMA (ecstasy) in Darmstadt. Darmstadt's municipal area was extended in 1937 to include the neighbouring localities of Arheilgen and Eberstadt, and in 1938 the city was separated administratively from the surrounding district (Kreis).

Nazi Germany
Darmstadt was the first city in Germany to force Jewish shops to close in early 1933, shortly after the Nazis took power in Germany. The shops were only closed for one day, for "endangering communal order and tranquility". In 1942, over 3,000 Jews from Darmstadt were first forced into a collection camp located in the Liebigschule, and later deported to concentration camps where most eventually died. In 1944, the city was also the location of a subcamp of the Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp.

Several prominent members of the German resistance movement against the Nazis were citizens of Darmstadt, including Wilhelm Leuschner and Theodor Haubach, both executed for their opposition to Hitler's regime.

Darmstadt was first bombed on 30 July 1940, and 34 other air raids would follow before the war's end. The old city centre was largely destroyed in a British bombing raid on 11/12 September 1944. This attack was an example of "area bombing" using high explosive and incendiary bombs, which combined in that attack to create a firestorm, a self-sustaining combustion process in which winds generated by the fire ensure it continues to burn until everything possible has been consumed. During this attack an estimated 11,000 to 12,500 of the inhabitants were killed, and 66,000 to 70,000 were left homeless. Over three-quarters of Darmstadt's inner city was destroyed. Post-war rebuilding was done in a relatively plain architectural style, although a number of the historic buildings were rebuilt to their original appearance following the city's capture on 25 March 1945 by the American 4th Armored Division. Today around 30 % of Darmstadt consists out of buildings from before World War II.

Post–World War II
Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Darmstadt became home to many technology companies and research institutes, and has been promoting itself as a "city of science" since 1997. It is well known as a high-tech centre in the vicinity of Frankfurt Airport, with important activities in spacecraft operations (the European Space Agency's European Space Operations Centre, European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites), chemistry, pharmacy, information technology, biotechnology, telecommunications (substantial Deutsche Telekom presence) and mechatronics. In 2000, its region also scored Rank 3 amongst 97 German regions in the WirtschaftsWoche test ranking Germany's high-tech regions.

The roots of Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences goes back to 1876 along with Technische Universität Darmstadt (the first electrical engineering chair and inventions fame), when both these Universities were an integrated entities, a need for a separate industry based research educational institution was felt in the early 1930s, finally University of Applied sciences emerged as a separate industry based research educational institution in 1971 and is the largest University of Applied Sciences in Hesse (German: Hessen) with about 16,500 students.

The TU Darmstadt is one of the important technical institutes in Germany and is well known for its research and teaching in the Electrical, Mechanical and Civil Engineering disciplines. Together with other tertiary institutions, the TU is responsible for the large student population of the city, which stood at 33,547 in 2004.

Boroughs

Darmstadt has nine official 'Stadtteile' (boroughs). These are:

 * Darmstadt-Arheilgen
 * Darmstadt-Bessungen
 * Darmstadt-Eberstadt
 * Darmstadt-Kranichstein
 * Darmstadt-Mitte ("Central Darmstadt")
 * Darmstadt-Nord ("North")
 * Darmstadt-Ost ("East")
 * Darmstadt-West
 * Darmstadt-Wixhausen

Mayor
The current mayor of Darmstadt is Hanno Benz of SPD, who was elected in 2023.

The following is a list of mayors since 1945:

City council
The Darmstadt city council (Stadtverordnetenversammlung) governs the city alongside the Mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 14 March 2021, and the results were as follows:

! colspan=2| Party ! Lead candidate ! Votes ! % ! +/- ! Seats ! +/- ! colspan=3| Valid votes ! 60,815 ! 96.6 ! ! ! ! colspan=3| Invalid votes ! 2,141 ! 3.4 ! ! ! ! colspan=3| Total ! 62,956 ! 100.0 ! ! 71 ! ±0 ! colspan=3| Electorate/voter turnout ! 115,119 ! 54.7 ! 6.9 ! !
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left| Alliance 90/The Greens (Grüne)
 * align=left| Hildegard Förster-Heldmann
 * 1,151,498
 * 27.4
 * 2.3
 * 20
 * 1
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left| Social Democratic Party (SPD)
 * align=left| Tim Huß
 * 703,686
 * 16.7
 * 0.5
 * 12
 * ±0
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left| Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
 * align=left| Paul Georg Wandrey
 * 654,797
 * 15.6
 * 2.6
 * 11
 * 2
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left| The Left (Die Linke)
 * align=left| Karl-Heinz Böck
 * 310,074
 * 7.4
 * 0.6
 * 5
 * ±0
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left| Volt Germany (Volt)
 * align=left| Nicolas Kämmerer
 * 289,023
 * 6.9
 * New
 * 5
 * New
 * bgcolor=#448581|
 * align=left| UFFBASSE
 * align=left| Kerstin Lau
 * 269,301
 * 6.4
 * 1.3
 * 5
 * ±0
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left| Free Democratic Party (FDP)
 * align=left| Leif Blum
 * 234,121
 * 5.6
 * 0.3
 * 4
 * ±0
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left| Alternative for Germany (AfD)
 * align=left| Günter Zabel
 * 191,982
 * 4.6
 * 4.6
 * 3
 * 4
 * bgcolor=#A037A0|
 * align=left| UWiGA
 * align=left| Erich Bauer
 * 130,867
 * 3.1
 * 0.6
 * 2
 * 1
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left| Die PARTEI (PARTEI)
 * align=left| Holger Eisenblätter
 * 90,254
 * 2.1
 * 1.8
 * 2
 * 2
 * bgcolor=#556B2F|
 * align=left| Voters' Association of Darmstadt (WGD)
 * align=left| Falk Neumann
 * 85,320
 * 2.0
 * New
 * 1
 * New
 * bgcolor=|
 * align=left| Free Voters (FW)
 * align=left| Harald Uhl
 * 79,293
 * 1.9
 * New
 * 1
 * New
 * align=left| Take Part in Darmstadt
 * align=left| Dorothea Mondry
 * 13,680
 * 0.3
 * New
 * 0
 * New
 * 79,293
 * 1.9
 * New
 * 1
 * New
 * align=left| Take Part in Darmstadt
 * align=left| Dorothea Mondry
 * 13,680
 * 0.3
 * New
 * 0
 * New
 * 0
 * New
 * colspan=8| Source: Statistics Hesse
 * }
 * }

Transport
Darmstadt is highly connected to all means of transportation, including the Autobahn Network, the Intercity-Express Network and a major international airport.

Roads
Darmstadt is connected to a number of major roads, including two Autobahnen (Bundesautobahn 5 and Bundesautobahn 67 ). The main road passing west–east is the Bundesstraße 26, the Bundesstraße 3 runs north–south. The rural areas east of the city in the Odenwald are accessed by several secondary roads.

Public transport in Darmstadt
The extensive public transport system of Darmstadt is integrated in the RMV (the transportation authority of the Frankfurt Metropolitan Area). The backbone of public transport in Darmstadt is its modern tram system with 9 lines and a local bus service serving all parts of the city. Darmstadt is furthermore connected to the Frankfurt S-Bahn system and being served by regional bus lines. Furthermore, regional rail lines (R64, R65, R66) connect six secondary railway stations within the city.

Regional rail links
Darmstadt is connected to the Frankfurt rapid transit network by S-Bahn line. Besides that, a number of regional trains connect secondary railway stations within Darmstadt and the region with Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof (main station), offering a net of inner city and regional train links.

National rail links
By its main railway station Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof, which is located in the western part of the central city, Darmstadt is connected to the rest of Germany and Europe by the Intercity-Express network and other long-distance trains. Darmstadt Hauptbahnhof is a busy station with 12 platforms which serves as a transportation hub for the southern Hesse/Odenwald region.

Airports
The historically important local airfield August Euler Airfield is closed to aviation at large, being reserved for the use of the Technische Universität Darmstadt.

Darmstadt can be easily accessed from around the world via Frankfurt Airport (Flughafen Frankfurt am Main) which is located 20 km north of central Darmstadt and connected to it via Autobahn 5, S-Bahn, several bus lines and a direct express bus-link ("Airliner"). The airport ranks among the world's busiest airports by passenger traffic and is the second-busiest airport by cargo traffic in Europe. The airport also serves as the main hub for German flag carrier Lufthansa.
 * Frankfurt International Airport

Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport (Flugplatz Frankfurt-Egelsbach) is a busy general aviation airport located 5 km north of Darmstadt, near the town of Egelsbach.
 * Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport

Despite the name, Frankfurt Hahn Airport (Flughafen Frankfurt-Hahn) is located far outside the Frankfurt Metro Area, approximately 120 km to the west in Lautzenhausen (Rhineland-Palatinate). Hahn Airport is a major base for low-cost carrier Ryanair. This airport can only be reached by car or bus.
 * Frankfurt Hahn Airport

National coach services
Darmstadt is served by several national and European bus links which connect Darmstadt with other German and European cities.

Castles and historical buildings
Darmstadt was the capital of an independent country (the Grand Duchy of Hesse) until 1871 and the capital of the German state of Hesse until 1945. It is due to its past as a capital city that it has many architectural testimonies of this period. Many of its major architectural landmarks were created by Georg Moller who was appointed the court master builder of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. Due to the fact that the last ruling Grand Duke of Hesse, Ernst Ludwig was a grandson of Queen Victoria and brother to Empress Alexandra of Russia, the architecture of Darmstadt has been influenced by British and Russian imperial architecture with many examples still existing, such as the Luisenplatz with its grand-ducal column, the old Hessian State Theatre (at Karolinenplatz) and the Russian Chapel by Leon Benois. The Russian church, St. Mary Magdalene Chapel, is named in honor of the patron saint of Tsar Nicholas' mother and was built of Russian stone on Russian soil brought to Darmstadt by train. It was used by the Russian imperial family and court during regular visits to the Tsarina's brother and family in Darmstadt. The Residential Palace Darmstadt (Stadtschloss) is located in the city centre. It was the residence of the counts of Hesse-Darmstadt, later as Grand Dukes of Hesse by the grace of Napoleon. The rulers of Hesse also owned Jagdschloss Kranichstein, a hunting lodge in Kranichstein which is a nowadays used as a five star hotel. The most famous castle in the Darmstadt region is Frankenstein Castle due to claims that the real castle may have had an influence on Mary Shelley's decision to choose the name Frankenstein for her monster-creating scientist. This castle dates back to the 13th century, but it was acquired by the counts of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1662.

Modern architecture

Darmstadt has a rich tradition in modern architecture. After 1945 several "Meisterbauten" (Masterful Architectonic Creations) were built that set standards for modern architecture. These buildings still exist and are used for various public and private purposes. In the late 1990s the Waldspirale ('Forest Spiral') was built, a residential complex by Austrian Friedensreich Hundertwasser. As an almost surreal building, it is internationally famous for its almost absolute rejection of rectangular forms, down to every window having a different shape, the style being a trademark of Hundertwasser's work. Hundertwasser died before the Waldspirale was finished.

Art Nouveau

Darmstadt was a centre of the Art Nouveau movement. Surviving examples of the Jugendstil period include the Rosenhöhe, a landscaped English-style rose garden from the 19th century, recently renovated and replanted, the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mathildenhöhe, with the Hochzeitsturm ('Wedding tower', also commonly known as the 'Five-Finger-Tower') by Joseph Maria Olbrich, the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt and large exhibition halls as well as many private villas built by Jugendstil architects who had settled in Darmstadt. German Art Nouveau is commonly known by its German name, Jugendstil. The name is taken from the artistic journal, Die Jugend, which was published in Munich and which espoused the new artistic movement. It was founded in 1896 by Georg Hirth (Hirth remained editor until his death in 1916, and the magazine continued to be published until 1940). The magazine was instrumental in promoting the style in Germany. As a result, its name was adopted as the most common German-language term for the style: Jugendstil ("young style"). Although, during the early 20th century, the word was applied to only two-dimensional examples of the graphic arts, especially the forms of organic typography and graphic design found in and influenced by German magazines like Jugend, Pan, and Simplicissimus, it is now applied to more general manifestations of Art Nouveau visual arts in Germany, the Netherlands, the Baltic states, and Nordic countries. The two main centres for Jugendstil art in Germany were Munich and Darmstadt.

Squares
The Luisenplatz, the central square of the city, forms the centre of the city and is the main public transport hub. In 1844 the Ludwigsäule (called Langer Lui, meaning Long Ludwig), a 33-metre (108 ft) column commemorating Ludwig I, first Grand Duke of Hesse, was placed in the middle of the square. While the column still stands, the square is today surrounded by mostly modern buildings. Other important squares are the Marktplatz (see image) near the old city hall and the Sabaisplatz at the Mathildenhöhe.

Parks

The city has a high density of parks. Among the most important parks are the English style Herrngarten in central Darmstadt. In former times it was part of the Royal Gardens used exclusively by the dukes of Darmstadt. Today it is a public park, heavily used in every season of the year. Other important parks are the French style parks Prinz-Georgs-Garten and Orangerie, the modern style Bürgerpark ("People's Park") in northern Darmstadt and the mystical Park Rosenhöhe ("Rose Heights"), which also serves as the cemetery for the dukes and their immediate family, with two impressive mausoleum buildings (Altes Mausoleum and Neues Mausoleum) in its remote parts. The Botanischer Garten in eastern Darmstadt is a botanical garden maintained by the Technische Universität Darmstadt with a fine collection of rare plants and trees.

Churches
The Protestant Stadtkirche Darmstadt built in 1369, is in the pedestrian zone of the downtown city center, next to the historic Hotel Bockshaut. The church has gothic elements along with renaissance and baroque, it houses the royal crypt. Hotel Bockshaut was built in 1580 for a church presbytery. The most important Catholic Church is St. Ludwig in central Darmstadt. The Russian Chapel in Darmstadt is a Russian orthodox church which is still in use. It was built and used as a private chapel by the last Tsar of Russia, Nicholas II, whose wife Alexandra was born in Darmstadt. Although Russian orthodox churches also exist in other cities outside Russia, the Russian Chapel in Darmstadt was the only official Russian church used by the Tsar outside the Russian Empire. It is said that the chapel was built on Russian soil that was brought to Darmstadt exclusively for the purpose of building the Tsar's private chapel on it.

Festivals
Every year on the first weekend of July the Heinerfest festival is held in the streets surrounding the old ducal palace. It is a traditional German festival with music acts, beer halls, amusement rides and booths selling trinkets and food. The similar Schlossgrabenfest, which is more live music-oriented, is held in the same location every year in May. These two festivals attract 700,000 and 400,000 visitors respectively.

Culture
Darmstadt has a rich cultural heritage. The Staatstheater Darmstadt dates back to the year 1711. The present building has been in use since 1972 and has three halls which can be used independently. The "Grand Hall" (Großes Haus) provides seats for 956 people and serves as Darmstadt's opera house. The "Small Hall" (Kleines Haus) is mostly used for plays and dance and has 482 seats. A separate small hall (Kammerspiele), with 120 seats, is used for chamber plays.

Among the museums in Darmstadt the most important are the Hessisches Landesmuseum (Hessian State Museum), the Porcelain Museum (exhibition of the ducal porcelain), the Schlossmuseum (exhibition of the ducal residence and possessions), the Kunsthalle Darmstadt (exhibitions of modern art), the exhibition centre Mathildenhöhe, and the Museum Künstlerkolonie (Art Nouveau museum).

The Jazz-Institut Darmstadt is Germany's largest publicly accessible jazz archive.

The Internationales Musikinstitut Darmstadt, harboring one of the world's largest collections of post-war sheet music, also hosts the biennial Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik, a summer school in contemporary classical music founded by Wolfgang Steinecke. A large number of avant-garde composers have attended and given lectures there, including Olivier Messiaen, Luciano Berio, Milton Babbitt, Pierre Boulez, Luigi Nono, John Cage, György Ligeti, Iannis Xenakis, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Mauricio Kagel, and Helmut Lachenmann.

The Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung provides writers and scholars with a place to research the German language. The academy's annual Georg Büchner Prize, named in memory of Georg Büchner, is considered the most prestigious literary award for writers of German language.

Geography

Darmstadt is located in the Upper Rhine Plain (German: Oberrheinische Tiefebene), a major rift, about 350 km (217 mi) long and on average 50 km (31 mi) wide, between the cities of Frankfurt in the north and Mannheim in the south. Darmstadt's southeastern boroughs are located in the spurs of the Odenwald, a low mountain range in Southern Hesse between the Main and Neckar rivers.

Climate
Southern Hesse is well known for its mild climate which allows winegrowing on a large scale in the region south of Darmstadt. The weather is often volatile with the summers being warm and humid with frequent thunderstorms, the winters mostly relatively mild with frequent periods of high fog. Snowfall is most likely in January and February, but mild winters without considerable snowfall can occur.

Schools
The City of Darmstadt offers students a broad variety of public primary, secondary and tertiary schools. Besides them private schools exist, e.g. the catholic secondary school Edith-Stein-Schule, the Adventists' Schulzentrum Marienhöhe, an anthroposophic Waldorf School, a Comenius School and other faith based private schools.

TU Darmstadt

The Technical University of Darmstadt (Technische Universität Darmstadt), commonly referred to as TU Darmstadt, is a prestigious research university in Germany. It was founded in 1877 and received the right to award doctorates in 1899. In 1882 it was the first university in the world to set up a chair in electrical engineering, in 1883 the first faculty for electrical engineering was founded there. The university is organized in 13 departments and 5 fields of study, which all together offer about 100 courses of studies. The fields of study offer interdisciplinary degree courses in which students take lectures in multiple departments. The university, as its title suggests, offers degree courses in the fields of electrical, mechanical and civil engineering, architecture, computer science, mathematics and the natural sciences. It also offers courses in economics, law, history, politics, sociology, psychology, sport science and linguistics. It also offers degree courses for teaching positions at German vocational schools and Gymnasiums.

Hochschule Darmstadt

The Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences (Hochschule Darmstadt) has the highest number of industrial linkage programs, compared to the rest of the universities of applied sciences. The roots of University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt dates back to 1876. However, it has not emerged as a separate institution before 1971. As of 2017 it was the largest University of Applied Sciences in the State of Hesse, with about 16,000 students. It offers courses in architecture, chemical engineering, materials science, civil engineering, computer science, design, economics, electrical engineering and information technology, mathematics and science, mechanical engineering, media (including information science and engineering), plastics engineering, social and cultural studies, and several social sciences.

EHD Darmstadt
The Protestant University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt (EHD) is an officially recognised and Church-sponsored University. The sponsors are the Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau, the Protestant Church of Kurhesse-Waldeck and the social welfare organisation of both Hessian Protestant Churches, the Diakonie Hesse. The EHD has approximately 1,700 students, 40 professors and 10 scientific employees and about 100 visiting lecturers every semester.

Sport
The city's main professional club is the football club SV Darmstadt 98, who play at the Merck-Stadion am Böllenfalltor.

Other, amateur football clubs are 1. FCA Darmstadt and Rot-Weiß Darmstadt.

Darmstadt Diamonds is the city's american football team.

The ice hockey club in the city are the ESC Darmstadt Dukes.

Technology

Darmstadt is home to many research institutions such as the Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer IGD, Fraunhofer LBF, Fraunhofer SIT) and the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI, "Society for heavy ion Research"), which operates a particle accelerator in northern Darmstadt. The GSI, amongst other elements, discovered the chemical element darmstadtium (atomic number: 110), named after the city in 2003. This makes Darmstadt one of several cities with elements named after them. Various other elements, including meitnerium (atomic number: 109) (1982), hassium (atomic number: 108) (1984), roentgenium (atomic number: 111) (1994) and copernicium (atomic number: 112) (1996) were also synthesized in the Darmstadt facility.

The European Space Operations Centre (ESOC) of the European Space Agency is located in Darmstadt. From here, various deep-space exploration spacecraft and Earth-orbiting satellites are operated for the purposes of scientific research, and technology development and demonstration.

EUMETSAT, the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites, operates the principal European meteorological satellites from its headquarters, including the first and second generations of Meteosat geostationary satellites, and the polar-orbiting Metop series.

Darmstadt is a centre for the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, with Merck, Röhm and Schenck RoTec (part of The Dürr Group) having their main plants and centres here.

Darmstadt is also a centre for the IT and telecommunications industry, with companies like Software AG, T-Systems (laboratories in Darmstadt) and Deutsche Telekom (laboratories in Darmstadt).

ATHENE, formerly Center for Research in Security and Privacy (CRISP), is the national research center for IT security and privacy in Germany and the largest research center for IT security in Europe. The research center is located in Darmstadt and deals with key issues of IT security in the digitization of government, business and society.

The German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence has a laboratory in Darmstadt.

The Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence (hessian.AI) has its headquarters in Darmstadt.

United States military presence
U.S. forces entered the city of Darmstadt on 25 March 1945. At the end of World War II, Darmstadt was among the 112 communities where U.S. forces were stationed. Early units stationed here included elements of the U.S. Constabulary, Air Force units and a Quartermaster School.

Over the years, the U.S. military community Darmstadt – under a variety of designations such as the 440th Signal Battalion, served as home for thousands of American soldiers and their families. It included six principal installations in Darmstadt and nearby Babenhausen, Griesheim and Münster, plus several housing areas, an airfield and a large number of smaller facilities as far away as Bensheim and Aschaffenburg. The military newspaper European Stars and Stripes also had its headquarters there. As of 1993, the Darmstadt military community also assumed responsibility for the remaining U.S. Army facilities in the Frankfurt area.

As part of the U.S. Army's ongoing transformation in Germany, the Darmstadt military community, by then designated U.S. Army Garrison Darmstadt, inactivated on 30 September 2008. Even after the garrison inactivation, however, there is still one unit active in Darmstadt: The 66th Military Intelligence Group at the Dagger Complex on Eberstädter Weg. It draws its support from the nearby U.S. Army Garrison Wiesbaden. The U.S. Army Garrison Wiesbaden's website mentions the unit still being active in Darmstadt, and a Marine Corps company being stationed there as well. With the exception of Dagger Complex, all remaining US installations are now empty and closed to the public, pending property disposal by the German authorities.

City

 * Mathildenhöhe with the Art Nouveau Museum
 * Wedding Tower (Hochzeitsturm) at Sabaisplatz
 * The former private chapel of the last Tsar of Russia
 * State Theatre and Opera House
 * Waldspirale Hundertwasser Building
 * City Center with Luisenplatz, the Residential Palace and the Market Square
 * Hauptbahnhof (Central Train Station) in Art Nouveau style
 * Parks
 * Herrngarten Park
 * Botanical Garden (Botanischer Garten)
 * Vortex Garden
 * Park Rosenhöhe (Rose Heights Park) with the Dukal Cemetery
 * Porcelain Museum at Schlossgartenplatz
 * St. Ludwig Church
 * Hessisches Landesmuseum
 * Haus der Geschichte (House of History, former Hoftheater)
 * Train Museum Kranichstein
 * Bessungen old town
 * Gründerzeit districts and parts of the Darmstadt old town northern of the city centre

Region

 * Odenwald
 * Bergstrasse
 * Vineyards at Zwingenberg
 * Frankenstein Castle
 * Messel Pit Fossil Site
 * Melibokus

Notable people

 * Christoph Graupner (1683–1760), composer and Hofkapellmeister (chapel master) at the court of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1711 to 1754
 * Johann Jacob Dillenius (1684–1747), botanist
 * Johann Heinrich Merck (1741–1791), author and critic
 * Johann Christian Felix Baehr (1798–1872), philologist
 * Johann Jakob Kaup (1803–1873), naturalist and proponent of natural philosophy
 * Justus Freiherr von Liebig (1803–1873), chemist, contributed to agricultural and biological chemistry, founder of organic chemistry
 * Georg Gottfried Gervinus (1805–1871), literary and political historian
 * Friedrich von Flotow (1812–1883), opera composer, died in Darmstadt
 * Georg Büchner (1813–1837), dramatist, poet and revolutionist
 * Carl Amand Mangold (1813–1889), composer and conductor
 * Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen (1815–1881), Bavarian general
 * Ludwig Büchner (1824–1899), philosopher, physiologist and physician; exponent of scientific materialism
 * Friedrich August Kekulé (1829–1896), organic chemist; founded the theory of chemical structure
 * Eugen Bracht (1842–1921), landscape painter
 * Georg von Hertling (1843–1919), politician
 * Benjamin Altheimer (1850–1938), American banker and philanthropist
 * Karl Muck (1859–1940), conductor
 * Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse (1868–1937), last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine
 * Karl Wolfskehl (1869–1948), poet, editor and translator
 * Alexandra Feodorovna (1872–1918), Russian Empress, born as Alix of Hesse, married Tsar Nicholas II of Russia
 * Christian Stock (1884–1967), politician
 * Anton Köllisch (1888–1916), chemist who first synthesized MDMA (known as "ecstasy")
 * Beno Gutenberg (1889–1960), German-American seismologist
 * Karl Plagge (1897–1957), Wehrmacht officer, saved Lithuanian Jews from extermination during The Holocaust, Righteous among the Nations
 * Karl-Otto Koch (1897–1945), commandant of the Nazi concentration camps at Buchenwald and Sachsenhausen
 * Josef Ganz (1898–1967), automotive engineer and pioneer, studied at the Technical University of Darmstadt
 * Heinrich von Brentano (1904–1964), Federal Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1955 to 1961
 * Hans Möser (1906–1948), Nazi SS concentration camp officer executed for war crimes
 * Walter Schmiele (1909–1998), author and translator
 * Zinaida Petrovna Ziberova (born 1909), composer
 * Arno Schmidt (1914–1979), author and translator
 * Hans Stark (1921–1991), head of the admissions detail at Auschwitz-II Birkenau of Auschwitz concentration camp
 * Georg Stern (1921–1980), operatic singer
 * Karlheinz Stockhausen (1928–2007), leading 20th-century electronic composer
 * Günter Strack (1929–1999), actor
 * Maciej Łukaszczyk (1934–2014), Polish pianist at the Staatstheater Darmstadt, founder and president of the Chopin organisation, porter of the Polish and German order
 * Helmut Markwort (born 1936), journalist
 * Annegret Soltau (born 1946), artist
 * Cord Meijering (born 1955), Dutch composer
 * Christoph Lanz (born 1959), journalist
 * Volker Weidermann (born 1969), writer and journalist
 * Florika Fink-Hooijer (born 1962), prominent European civil servant
 * Nina Gerhard (born 1974), singer
 * Karola Obermüller (born 1977), composer
 * Björn Bürger (born 1985), operatic baritone

Sport

 * Richard von Frankenberg (1922–1973), journalist and racing driver
 * Markus Rühl (born 1972), bodybuilder
 * Sascha Bert (born 1975), racing driver
 * Andrea Petkovic (born 1987), tennis player

Twin towns – sister cities

Darmstadt is twinned with:

 * Alkmaar, Netherlands (1958)
 * 🇮🇹 Brescia, Italy (1991)
 * 🇹🇷 Bursa, Turkey (1971)
 * 🏴 Chesterfield, England, UK (1959)
 * 🇩🇪 Freiberg, Germany (1990)
 * 🇦🇹 Graz, Austria (1968)
 * Gstaad (Saanen), Switzerland (1991)
 * 🇭🇺 Gyönk, Hungary (1990)
 * 🇱🇻 Liepāja, Latvia (1993)
 * 🇪🇸 Logroño, Spain (2002)
 * 🇮🇱 Nahariya, Israel (2023)
 * 🇵🇱 Płock, Poland (1988)
 * 🇺🇸 San Antonio, United States (2017)
 * 🇭🇺 Szeged, Hungary (1990)
 * 🇳🇴 Trondheim, Norway (1968)
 * 🇫🇷 Troyes, France (1958)
 * 🇺🇦 Uzhhorod, Ukraine (1992)

title: Darmstadt


text:
Sow

Sow or SOW may refer to:

 * Sowing, the process of planting

Female animals

 * Badger
 * Bear
 * Guinea pig
 * Hedgehog
 * Suidae
 * Wild boar
 * Pig

Arts, entertainment and media

 * Sow (band), a musical project of Anna Wildsmith
 * "Sow", a poem by Sylvia Plath
 * Sow (playing card), common name for the Deuce in cards games in southern Germany
 * S.O.W. Sense of Wonder, 2010 single by Idoling!!!

Places

 * Show Low Regional Airport (IATA airport code), Arizona, US
 * Sowerby Bridge railway station (Network Rail station code), England
 * River Sow, England

People

 * Abdoul Salam Sow (born 1970), Guinean footballer
 * Abdoulaye Sékou Sow (1931–2013), former Prime Minister of Mali
 * Abdourahmane Sow (born 1942), Minister of the Interior of Senegal, chair of the World Scout Committee
 * Aminata Sow Fall (born 1941), Senegalese author
 * Baba Sow (born 1995), Senegalese footballer
 * Coumba Sow (born 1994), Swiss footballer
 * Daouda Sow (politician) (1933–2009), Senegalese politician
 * Daouda Sow (boxer) (born 1983), boxer
 * Djibril Sow (born 1997), Swiss footballer
 * Fatou Ndiaye Sow (1937–2004), Senegalese poet
 * Kareem Sow (born 2000), Canadian soccer player
 * Karim Sow (born 2003), Swiss footballer
 * Moussa Sow (born 1986), French-Senegalese footballer
 * Osman Sow (born 1990), Swedish footballer of Senegalese descent
 * Pape Sow (born 1981), Senegalese basketball player
 * Sidy Sow (born 1998), Canadian American football player
 * Thierno Faty Sow (1941–2009), Senegalese filmmaker and actor

Other uses

 * Sow, the channel connecting pig iron ingots during casting
 * Scheme of work, defines the structure and content of an academic course
 * Share of wallet, a survey method used in performance management
 * Statement of work, in project management
 * Special Operations Wing, a designation of the US Air Force

title: Sow


text:
Piglet

Piglet may refer to:

Animals

 * Piglet, the young offspring of the domestic pig
 * Suckling pig, a farmed piglet raised on mother's milk and slaughtered for food
 * Banded piglet squid (Helicocranchia pfefferi), a small squid species
 * Moss piglet, or tardigrade, a microscopic water-dwelling animal

Literature

 * Piglet (Winnie-the-Pooh), a character from A.A. Milne's Winnie-the-Pooh books and related media
 * The piglets, characters from the novel Animal Farm

Music

 * Piglet (band), an American math-rock band formed in 2005
 * The Piglets, a 1970s British session band credited for songs by Jonathan King
 * "Piglet", a 1998 song by Arab Strap from Philophobia

Other uses

 * Piglet (gamer), Chae Gwang-jin, South Korean professional League of Legends player and coach
 * Piglet (Adventure Time character), in the 39th episode "The Pods"
 * "Piglets" (Teletubbies), a 1998 TV episode
 * Piglet Tournament of Cookbooks (or just "the Piglet"), a cookbook contest held by the website Food52

title: Piglet