text:
Talk:Russo-Japanese War

References - 2
There are three children notes about "Schimmelpenninck van der Oye", but their mother is nowhere to be found. Is someone able to help? Carlotm (talk) 06:33, 18 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I would hazard a guess that, Toward the Rising Sun: Russian Ideologies of Empire and the Path to War with Japan, by David Schimmelpenninck van der Oye, Northern Illinois University Press, 2006, is the book in question, however I have no way of verifying the references listed for the book. --Kansas Bear (talk) 06:51, 18 January 2018 (UTC)

 * I found an article on The Russian Review Vol. 67-1 (January 2008), pp. 78-87: "Rewriting the Russo-Japanese War: A Centenary Retrospective".Carlotm (talk) 09:09, 18 January 2018 (UTC)

 * maybe I found the mother, at note 47:
 * Because of a misspelling I overlooked it. What do you think? Carlotm (talk) 23:51, 18 January 2018 (UTC)

 * That's likely it. Feel free to verify and normalize the spelling for all of them. Thanks for all your recent edits ··· 日本穣 ·  投稿  · Talk to Nihonjoe ·  Join WP Japan ! 01:06, 19 January 2018 (UTC)

 * OK. I'll try. Carlotm (talk) 03:41, 19 January 2018 (UTC)

References - 3
Can somebody check the legitimacy of citation in note 105, which refers to: Heale, M.J. (April 2009). "Anatomy of a Scare: Yellow Peril Politics in America, 1980–1993". Journal of American Studies. Ronald Reagan has nothing to do with this page's topic, unless there is a precise reference to it, which I am unable to ascertain.Carlotm (talk) 21:33, 19 January 2018 (UTC)

The above note 105 is now note 101. Carlotm (talk) 23:34, 20 January 2018 (UTC)

That note is now note 99.Carlotm (talk) 06:34, 21 January 2018 (UTC)

nichirosenso
What is the literal translation?- Altenmann >talk 05:31, 27 December 2018 (UTC)

 * 日露 - Nichiro is an abbreviation of Nichi from Nippon (日本) and Ro from Roshia (露西亜); it simply means "Russo-Japanese"
 * 戦争 - Sensou means "war".
 * 70.27.91.71 (talk) 23:37, 28 December 2018 (UTC)

 * No, literally it means Japanese-Russian. Anyway, I fugured out all this myself and fixed the lede. - Altenmann >talk — Preceding undated comment added 01:45, 29 December 2018 (UTC)

Suez Canal question
The article includes an unsourced statement:

"During the voyage, the fleet separated into a portion that went through the Suez Canal while the larger battleships went around the Cape of Good Hope."

However, there are quite a few sources that mention the canal being blockaded:

"Less than a week out of port, the Russian fleet decided to fire on some British fisherman, near Dogger Bank, who they mistook as Japanese torpedo boats. The British government was understandably incensed and retaliated by closing the Suez Canal to the Russian Fleet." cite

Another:

"The incident almost led to war between Russia and Great Britain. Although it did not, Britain denied Russia access to the Suez Canal, forcing the fleet to sail around Africa, adding thousands of miles to the journey."cite

I also have a Time-Life history book that states the same thing. Thoughts? --Light show (talk) 09:44, 25 November 2019 (UTC)

 * It depends. There were ships that did not go through, and instead headed around Africa in November 1904. But it appears the UK let other Russian ships through between November and December of 1904. And then again, a new wave around March 25, 1905. This is according to a graphic which I do not have the source to.Asa3432 (talk) 07:35, 12 September 2021 (UTC)

2021 FA Article Review notes and discussion
2021 Featured Article Review notes and discussion

To do

 * Basic ce
 * Submit to GOCE
 * Add references (see not from 2017) GA review.
 * Peer review at Military History for GA or A rating — Preceding unsigned comment added by TimothyBlue (talk • contribs) 06:01, 29 January 2021 (UTC)

Requested move 6 February 2021

 * The following is a closed discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. Editors desiring to contest the closing decision should consider a move review after discussing it on the closer's talk page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

The result of the move request was: Not moved per WP:SNOW as explicitly against MOS (non-admin closure) — Twassman [Talk·Contribs] 04:05, 8 February 2021 (UTC)

Russo-Japanese War → Russo–Japanese War – There should be an en dash between "Russo" and "Japanese" in the title, per MOS:ENBETWEEN, which lists as correct examples such as the Uganda–Tanzania War and the Roman–Syrian War. A requested move to en dash occurred about 11 years ago for this article but was denied. I'm not sure if the MoS changed since then, but it seems to me to be consistent with the manual at least now to have en dash, not hyphen. Jonathansuh (talk) 00:43, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose – note that the style page you linked has this example indicating that it's wrong to use the en dash with a "combining form" like Russo:
 * Wrong: Franco–British rivalry; Franco- is a, not an independent word, so use a hyphen: Franco-British rivalry
 * Dicklyon (talk) 01:04, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

 * Oppose a pointless proposal. Sweetpool50 (talk) 01:08, 6 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose per above comment. Combining forms such as Anglo-, Franco-, Russo-, Sino-, Indo-, etc. use a hyphen. Rreagan007 (talk) 01:21, 6 February 2021 (UTC)
 * Oppose Its a really pointless change. SuperSkaterDude45 (talk) 02:04, 6 February 2021 (UTC)

 * The discussion above is closed. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made on the appropriate discussion page. No further edits should be made to this discussion.

Infobox strength reference
Just adding here that the reference in question, though it is primarily about WW1, does list the figures stated in this article for the Russo-Japanese War, as shown by this scan: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.%24b744277;skin=2021;sz=25;q1=russo;start=1;sort=seq;page=search;seq=30;num=6 Loafiewa (talk) 21:08, 26 November 2021 (UTC)

Montenegro in the list of the combatants?
I believe that this issue has to be addressed once again. Not only because it is a historical fact that keeps being removed for whatever reason, but also because of the fact that several other Wikipedias, namely the Russian one, do list Montenegro as a combatant country in this particular war. It's far from being a national myth, since there is numerous documentation of soldiers being sent to Manchuria from Montenegro to fight the Japanese. The issue is very much treated as a lecture in all history curriculums in Montenegro, so treating it as a pure fallacy doesn't seem to be correct. There also seems to be the argument of volunteers, from other countries that have partaken in this war, but in the case of Montenegro, a proper declaration of war took place.

Having read the archived discussions, it seems to be that the non-inclusion of Montenegro might also be because of someone attempting to push their own narrative. I for one do not see any harm in listing it as a combatant country. The more details this article can provide to the reader, the better. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 79.140.150.140 (talk) 11:43, 19 May 2022 (UTC)

 * @79.140.150.140 Montenegro declared war on Japan, thereby expressing its gratitude for Russia's achievement of the country's independence through its diplomatic efforts following the results of the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-1878. Nevertheless, due to its remoteness, Montenegro was unable to provide significant assistance to Russia, and its efforts were limited to those Montenegrins who served in the Russian armed forces. At the conclusion of peace, Montenegro was forgotten, and formally it was at war with Japan until 2006. Bishop1776 (talk) 08:31, 22 October 2022 (UTC)

 * The subject has been addressed several times in previous posts. The answer is always to produce a WP:Reliable source first. Sweetpool50 (talk) 13:30, 22 October 2022 (UTC)
 * But Montenegro and Serbia sent generals, Montenegro sent Jovan Lipovac and Serbia sent Arsenije Čarnojević. Also, a soldier named Lekso Saičić killed one of the samurai in a katana duel, you don't see that often, do you? Bokisa6372. (talk) 22:44, 21 July 2023 (UTC)
 * Oh my bad Aresenije Karađorđević not Čarnojević Bokisa6372. (talk) 15:53, 23 July 2023 (UTC)

Montenegro confusions
It says the kingdom Montenegro joined the war but when the war was going on Montenegro didn’t proclaim a kingdom yet so wouldn’t it be the principality of Montenegro 2A02:C7C:AC6B:D000:8D5:1799:2CBD:3098 (talk) 11:07, 15 February 2024 (UTC)

Editing sock puppets in the Effects on civilians section
Two blocked sock puppet users repeatedly posted false information using multiple sources unrelated to the Russo-Japanese War, even after being deleted by other user. If you find similar edits by him, please delete them.--SLIMHANNYA (talk) 15:02, 18 February 2024 (UTC)

 * Again, the same sock user repeated the same edit and I reverted.--SLIMHANNYA (talk) 10:02, 14 July 2024 (UTC)

Name
Shouldn't it be called Japanese-Russian War, if the Japanese started the war? Alex1011 (talk) 17:05, 19 June 2024 (UTC)

 * WP:COMMONNAME Sweetpool50 (talk) 17:48, 19 June 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Russo-Japanese War


text:
Cambyses II

Cambyses II was the second King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire from 530 to 522 BC. He was the son and successor of Cyrus the Great ((r. 550 – 530 BC)) and his mother was Cassandane.

Before his accession, Cambyses had briefly served as the governor of northern Babylonia under his father from April to December 538 BC. Afterwards, he resided in the Babylonian cities of Babylon and Sippar, before being appointed by his father as co-ruler in 530 BC. His father then set off on an expedition against the Massagetae of Central Asia, where he met his end. Cambyses thus became the sole ruler of the vast Achaemenid Empire, facing no reported opposition.

His relatively brief reign was marked by his conquests in North Africa, notably Egypt, which he conquered after his victory over the Egyptian pharaoh Psamtik III ((r. 526 – 525)) at the battle of Pelusium in 525 BC. After having established himself in Egypt, he expanded the empire's holdings in Africa, including the conquest of Cyrenaica. In the spring of 522 BC, Cambyses hurriedly left Egypt to deal with a rebellion in Persia.

While en route in Syria (Eber-Nari), he received a wound to the thigh, which was soon affected by gangrene. Cambyses died three weeks later at a location called Agbatana, which is most likely the modern city of Hama. He died childless, and was thus succeeded by his younger brother Bardiya, who ruled for a short period before being overthrown by Darius the Great ((r. 522 – 486)), who went on to increase the power of the Achaemenids even further.

Etymology
The origins of the name of "Cambyses" is disputed in scholarship; according to some scholars, the name is of Elamite origin, whilst others associate it with Kambojas, an Iranian people who inhabited northwestern India. The name of Cambyses is known in other languages as: Elamite Kanbuziya; Akkadian Kambuziya; Aramaic Kanbūzī.

Background
Cambyses was the eldest son of Cyrus the Great ((r. 550 – 530)) and Cassandane. Cambyses had a younger brother named Bardiya, and three sisters named Artystone, Atossa and Roxanne. Cambyses' paternal grandfather was his namesake Cambyses I, the king of Persis from 600 to 559 BC. The family was descended from a line of rulers of Persian tribes, who starting with Cyrus in Anshan, expanded their reach over Persis, subjugating the Median Empire, the Neo-Babylonian Empire, Lydia and Central Asia, thus establishing the Achaemenid Empire.

Early life
In April 538 BC, Cambyses was appointed by his father as the governor of the northern part of Babylonia, including its city Babylon, whilst the central and southern part continued to be directly supervised by Cyrus and his bureaucrats. Before his appointment, Cambyses had taken part in a ritual at the regular New Year festival on 27 March 538 BC, where he received the royal sceptre in Esagila, a temple dedicated to the god Marduk. His governorship, however, lasted only nine months; Cyrus dismissed him from the post in December 538 BC for unknown reasons. After his dismissal, Cambyses continued to mostly reside in the Babylonian cities of Babylon and Sippar.

According to Babylonian records, both Cambyses and Cyrus carried the title of "King of Babylon, King of the Lands" in 538/7 BC, which indicates that Cyrus had appointed him as co-ruler some years before his campaign against the Massagetae. Cyrus' younger son, Bardiya, was given his own realm in Central Asia, which was exempted from paying tribute. Cambyses reportedly took part in the expedition against the Massagetae, but, due to his being the heir to the throne, he was sent back to Persia, before Cyrus fell to the Massagetae. Cambyses had his father's body carried to Pasargadae in Persis, where he was buried in a tomb that had been prepared for him earlier.

Preparations against Egypt and the conquest of Cyprus
Cambyses' accession to the Achaemenid throne was relatively smooth. Ruling over a vast but young empire, Cambyses preserved his authority over the subjugated lands, but also expanded his dominion over Egypt, the last prominent power in the Near East. According to the French Iranologist Pierre Briant, "this must not be seen as a more or less irrational and uncontrollable desire to take over the entire inhabited world". On the contrary, Cambyses' action had already been planned by his father, who wanted to unify Babylonia with the lands of the Trans-Euphrates (an area that stretched from Posideium to Egypt). This would eventually require conquering the lands situated between the Euphrates and Nile rivers, and therefore necessitated conflict with Egypt, which had previously and more recently shown interest in the area.

The incumbent pharaoh of Egypt was Amasis II, who had been ruling since 570. His ally, Polycrates, a Greek ruler of Samos, posed a considerable threat to the Achaemenids, launching several raids that jeopardised Achaemenid authority. However, Polycrates eventually forsook his Egyptian allies, and reached out to Cambyses, whose plans he was well acquainted with. His sudden change of alliances was undoubtedly due to his uneasy position, with the Spartans raising a force against him, and the rising hostility of some of the Samian aristocrats, who preferred partnership with Egypt. Another former ally of Amasis II, the Carian military leader Phanes of Halicarnassus, had also joined Cambyses after escaping assassins sent by the pharaoh. Cambyses, before starting his expedition into Egypt, had seized Cyprus from Amasis II, which was reportedly a heavy blow to the latter.

Conquest of Egypt and its surroundings
By 526 BC, Amasis II had died, and his son Psamtik III had succeeded him, thus weakening Egypt's position. In the meantime, Cambyses had made substantial preparations for his army. He had essentially laid the foundations for the Persian navy, which was crucial to his ambitions to conquer Egypt. The navy was created using men and equipment from Phoenicia and Asia Minor. During his march to Egypt, Cambyses made a treaty with the Arabs, who controlled the desert area between Gaza and the Egyptian frontier. This treaty granted Cambyses sufficient water for his forces to reach the Nile. This also paved the way for Cambyses to extend his authority over the unsubdued lands between Egypt and Persia, including Gaza, a prominent commercial region, which equalled that of Sardis in Lydia. The region served as the headquarters for the Persian expedition into Egypt.

In 525 BC, Cambyses finally invaded Egypt. In the spring of that year, the Persian and Egyptian forces clashed at Pelusium, where the Persians emerged victorious. According to one author, Cambyses was able to defeat the Egyptians by putting cats, sheep, dogs and other animals that the Egyptians considered sacred in the front lines. This led the Egyptians to cease using their war engines for fear of killing an animal and angering the gods. The forces of Cambyses then laid siege to Memphis, where Psamtik III and his men had fortified themselves. Despite the considerable resistance by the pharaoh's forces, Cambyses captured Memphis and established a Persian-Egyptian garrison there. The length of the siege is not specified by the 5th-century BC Greek historian Herodotus. Regardless, by summer, all of Egypt was under Persian suzerainty. Cambyses now adopted the aspirations of the last pharaohs in seeking to control the neighbouring lands towards the west (Libya and Cyrenaica) and south (Nubia).

Further conquests
The Libyans, and soon the Greeks of Cyrene and Barca, willingly acknowledged the authority of Cambyses, and as proof of their submission, sent offerings to Cambyses. As a demonstration of his generosity, Cambyses had Amasis II's Greek widow, Ladice, returned to Cyrene. Cambyses originally intended to make an expedition against the Phoenician state of Carthage, but it was ultimately called off due to his Phoenician subjects' reluctance to make war against their own people. In the south, Cambyses, followed the same policy of the last pharaohs to keep the Kingdom of Kush in check, and had a garrison established at Elephantine.

According to Herodotus, Cambyses' campaigns against Ammon in the Siwa Oasis and Ethiopia ended catastrophically. He states that the reason behind this defeat was the "madness" of Cambyses, who "at once began his march against Ethiopia, without any orders for the provision of supplies, and without for a moment considering the fact that he was to take his men to the ends of the earth". This is called the Lost Army of Cambyses.

However, according to Briant, "the deliberate bias against Cambyses raises doubts about the accuracy of Herodotus's version." Herodotus' statement is contradicted by other sources that do not suggest a catastrophe for his forces, even though the obstacles of the campaign possibly compelled Cambyses to withdraw. Archaeological proof indicates that the Achaemenids made use of the stronghold of Dorginarti (south of Buhen) during the time they controlled Egypt.

Policies in Egypt
In accordance with the traditional Egyptian royal custom, Cambyses took the titles of "king of Upper and Lower Egypt" and "descendant of (the gods) Ra, Horus, Osiris," used by the previous Egyptian pharaohs. Cambyses used propaganda to show his Egyptian conquest as a legitimate unification with the native Egyptians, and that he was himself of Egyptian descent, claiming to be the son of Princess Nitetis, a daughter of the pharaoh Apries. At Sais, Cambyses had himself crowned in the temple of the goddess Neith as part of a religious ritual, during which he made sacrifices to the Egyptian gods.

According to ancient historians, Cambyses' rule of Egypt was marked by brutality, looting temples, ridiculing the local gods, and defilement of the royal tombs. Historians such as Herodotus put an emphasis on Cambyses' supposed killing of the Egyptian sacred bull Apis. However, no looting of temples has been reported by contemporary Egyptian sources. In addition, Cambyses is said to have ordered the burial of an Apis in a sarcophagus. The successor of the Apis died in 518 BC, four years after Cambyses had already died.

The epitaph of the Apis buried in 524 BC, states:

"[Year] 6, third month of the season Shemou, day 10 (?), under the Majesty of the king of Upper and Lower Egypt [...] endowed with eternal life, the god was brought in [peace toward the good West and laid to rest in the necropolis in] his [place] which is the place which his Majesty had made for him, [after] all [the ceremonies had been done for him] in the embalming hall [...] It was done according to everything his Majesty had said [...]"

A legend on the sarcophagus also says:

"(Cambyses], the king of Upper and Lower Egypt [...] made as his monument to his father Apis-Osiris a large sarcophagus of granite, dedicated by the king [...], endowed with all life, with all perpetuity and prosperity (?), with all health, with all joy, appearing eternally as king of Upper and Lower Egypt."

This thus debunks Cambyses' supposed killing of the Apis, and according to Briant, proves that Herodotus documented bogus reports. Rather, Cambyses took part in the preservation and burial ceremony of an Apis. Other similar sources also make mention of Cambyses' careful treatment towards Egyptian culture and religion. According to the Egyptian Demotic Chronicle, Cambyses decreased the immense income that the Egyptian temples received from the Egyptian pharaohs. Only the three main temples were given permission to maintain all their entitlements. In response to this action, Egyptian priests who had lost their entitlements circulated spurious stories about Cambyses. The issue with the temples dated back to the earlier pharaohs, who had also tried to reduce the economic power of the temples. This issue would continue until the demise of ancient Egypt. Like Cyrus in Babylon, Cambyses allowed the Egyptian nobility to maintain their jurisdictions.

Administration
Although a tax system existed during the reigns of Cyrus and Cambyses, it was not a systematic one, and thus the subjects of the king were either obligated to give gifts, or pay taxes. As was the case during his father's reign, Cambyses' satraps were all of Persian stock: Gubaru in Babylonia-Trans-Euphrates: Aryandes in Egypt: Oroetes in Sardis, Mitrobates in Dascylium, Dadarsi in Bactria, and Vivana in Arachosia. Likewise, the imperial treasurer in Babylon, Mithradata, was also from a Persian family. Indeed, the senior officials and officers accompanying Cambyses in Egypt were composed solely of Persians. The most notable of these Persians were relatives of the king, such as his cousin Darius, who occupied high offices under Cyrus and Cambyses, and serving as a spear-bearer under the latter. Darius' father, Hystaspes, served as the governor of Parthia and Hyrcania, or at least held a prominent role there. Important offices centred around the king was also occupied by the Persians, as in the case of Prexaspes, who served as the "message-bearer" of Cambyses, and Sisamnes, who was the royal judge but later executed by Cambyses.

Personality
According to Herodotus, Cambyses was labelled a "despot" by the Persians due to his being "half-mad, cruel, and insolent". However, this would seem to be part of later Persian and Egyptian propaganda critical of Cambyses. Indeed, due to Cambyses' willingness to consolidate authority to himself, the Persian tribal nobility were increasingly antagonistic towards him.

Marriages
In Achaemenid Persia, marriages between family members, such as half-siblings, nieces and cousins took place but were not seen as incestuous. However, Greek sources state that brother-sister and father-daughter marriages allegedly took place inside the royal family, yet it remains problematic to determine the reliability of these accounts. According to Herodotus, Cambyses supposedly married two of his sisters, Atossa and Roxane. This would have been regarded as illegal. However, Herodotus also states that Cambyses married Otanes' daughter Phaidyme, whilst his contemporary Ctesias names Roxane as Cambyses' wife, but she is not referred to as his sister.

The accusations against Cambyses of committing incest are mentioned as part of his "blasphemous actions", which were designed to illustrate his "madness and vanity". These reports all derive from the same Egyptian source that was antagonistic towards Cambyses, and some of these allegations of "crimes", such as the killing of the Apis bull, have been confirmed as false, which means that the report of Cambyses' supposed incestuous acts is questionable.

Death and succession
In the spring of 522 BC, Cambyses hurriedly left Egypt to deal with a rebellion in Persia. Before he left the country, he made Egypt into a satrapy under the governorship of the Persian Aryandes.

However Cambyses died shortly after under disputed circumstances. By most accounts, while Cambyses was on his way through Syria (Eber-Nari), he received a wound to the thigh, which soon became gangrenous. Cambyses died three weeks later (in July) at a location called Agbatana, which is most likely the modern city of Hama. He died childless, and was succeeded by his younger brother Bardiya.

According to Darius, who was Cambyses' lance-bearer at the time, Bardiya decided that he could not succeed as King of Kings and died by his own hand in 522 BC. Herodotus and Ctesias ascribe his death to an accident. Ctesias writes that Cambyses, despondent from the loss of family members, stabbed himself in the thigh while working with a piece of wood, and died eleven days later from the wound. Herodotus' story is that while mounting his horse, the tip of Cambyses' scabbard broke and his sword pierced his thigh. Some modern historians suspect that Cambyses was assassinated, either by Darius as the first step to usurping the empire for himself, or by supporters of Bardiya.

Cambyses was buried in Neyriz in southeastern Persis. As reported in the Persepolis Administrative Archives, sacrifices were offered in his name. At the time of Cambyses' death, the Achaemenid Empire was stronger than ever, reaching from Cyrenaica to the Hindu Kush, and from the Syr Darya to the Persian Gulf.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Cambyses II


text:
Darius

Darius may refer to:

Persian royalty

 * Kings of the Achaemenid Empire
 * Darius I (the Great, 550 to 487 BC)
 * Darius II (423 to 404 BC)
 * Darius III (Codomannus, 380 to 330 BC)

 * Crown princes
 * Darius (son of Xerxes I), crown prince of Persia, may have ruled briefly in 465 BC
 * Darius, son of Artaxerxes II, crown prince and junior king of his father, father of Arbupales

Kings, princes, and politicians

 * Darius (praetorian prefect), Praetorian prefect of the East in 436 to 437 AD
 * Darius I of Media Atropatene
 * Darius II of Persis
 * Darius the Mede
 * Darius of Pontus
 * Dara Shikoh, known as Darius the Magnificent
 * Darius, one of the sons of King Mithridates VI Eupator

Other

 * Darius (album), by Graham Collier
 * Darius (given name), including a list of people with the given name
 * Darius (surname)
 * Darius (horse), a racehorse
 * Darius Films
 * Darius (video game), a side-scrolling shoot-'em-up by Taito, originally released for the arcades in 1987

title: Darius


text:
Talk:Cambyses II

Unreliable Source: Brosius 2000.
Many parts cited the source. I traced to the linked archive https://web.archive.org/web/20200313213156/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/women-i as to find out the base of the assertion "Greek sources, however, state that allegedly brother-sister and father-daughter marriages took place inside the royal family, yet it remains problematic to measure their accuracy.[22]" Because the account differs from the one given by Herodotus and I have yet had a chance to read other PRIMARY sources (or to discover the existence of such sources, if any), I followed the link in the pursuit of finding other primary sources. The archived page sourced many times by this wiki entry, includes other rather bold claims, one writes below - "They derived from a common Egyptian source hostile to Cambyses, and some of these atrocities, such as the killing of the Apis bull, have been proved to be untrue (cf. Kuhrt, Sherwin-White 1987)"

Then I located a copy of the referenced source, A. Kuhrt and S. Sherwin-White, eds., Hellenism in the East: The Interaction of Greek and Non-Greek Civilizations from Syria to Central Asia after Alexander, London, 1987.. Keyword search Apis returned nothing, and Cambyses returned only once in the context below "And Cyrus ruled Babylonia for nine years. Then he was killed in a battle in the plain of Daas. After him Cambyses reigned eight years. And then Darius thirty-six years. After him Xerxes and further the remaining Persian kings. As, in summary, Berossus relates in detail."

In short I could not find why Kuhrt, Sherwin-White 1987 supports the claim made by the archived source relied by this wiki entry. This suggests Brosius 2000 is not reliable, that said I stand to be corrected, if anyone knows any reason indicated otherwise(ie, incomplete version), please share. ElleShd (talk) 06:41, 15 August 2021 (UTC)

Untitled
Deleted the text below - I don't know the source, but it's quite obviously not NPOV, nor appropriate to a modern encyclopedia in any way. -- April

 * From Herodotus, I think; parts of Book II but not word-for-word the Rawlinson translation. -- Vignaux

While Harpagus was completing the subjugation of the West, Cyrus was making conquest of Upper Asia, and overthrew the kingdom of Assyria, of which the chief city was Babylon, a very wonderful city, wherein there had ruled two famous queens, Semiramis and Nitocris. Now, this queen had made the city wondrous strong by the craft of engineers, yet Cyrus took it by a shrewd device, drawing off the water of the river so as to gain a passage. Thus Babylon also fell under the sway of the Persian. But when Cyrus would have made war upon Tomyris, the queen of the Massagetae, who dwelt to the eastward, there was a great battle, and Cyrus himself was slain and the most part of his host. And Cambyses, his son, reigned in his stead.

CAMBYSES set out to conquer Egypt, taking in his army certain of the Greeks. But of what I shall tell about that land, the most was told to me by the priests whom I myself visited at Memphis and Thebes and Heliopolis. The Egyptians account themselves the most ancient of peoples. If the Ionians are right, who reckon that Egypt is only the Nile Delta, this could not be. But I reckon that the whole Egyptian territory is Egypt, from the Cataracts and Elephantine down to the sea, parted into the Asiatic part and the Libyan part by the Nile.

For the causes of the rising and falling of the Nile, the reasons that men give are of no account. And of the sources whence the river springs are strange stories told, of which I say not whether they be true or false; but the course of it is known for four months' journey by land and water, and in my opinion it is a river comparable to the Ister.

The priests tell that the first ruler of Egypt was Menes, and after him were three hundred and thirty kings, counting one queen, who was called Nitocris. After them came Sesostris, who carried his conquest as far as the Thracians and Scythians; and later was Rhampsinitus, who married his daughter to the clever thief that robbed his treasure-house; and after him Cheops, who built the pyramid, drawing the stones from the Arabian mountain down to the Nile. Chephren also, and Mycerinus built pyramids, and the Greeks have a story-which is not true-that another was built by Rhodopis. And in the reign of Sethon, Egypt was invaded by Sennacherib the Assyrian, whose army's bowstrings were eaten by field-mice.

A thing more wonderful than the pyramids is the labyrinth near Lake Moeris, and still more wonderful is Lake Moeris itself, all which were made by the twelve kings who ruled at once after Sethon. And after them, Psammitichus made himself the monarch; and after him his great-grandson Apries prospered greatly, till he was overthrown by Amasis. And Amasis also prospered, and showed favour to the Greeks. But for whatever reason, in his day Cambyses made his expedition against Egypt, invading it just when Amasis had died, and his son Psammenitus was reigning.

CAMBYSES put the Egyptian army to rout in a great battle and conquered the country, making Psammenitus prisoner. Yet he would have set him up as governor of the province, according to the Persian custom, but that Psammenitus was stirred up to revolt and, being discovered, was put to death. Thereafter Cambyses would have made war upon Carthage, but that the Phoenicians would not aid him; and against the Ethiopians, who are called 'long-lived,' but his army could get no food; and against the Ammonians, but the troops that went were seen no more.

Now, madness came upon Cambyses, and he died, having committed many crimes, among which was the slaying of his brother Smerdis. And there rose up one among the Magi who pretended to be Smerdis, and was proclaimed king. But this false Smerdis was one whose ears had been cut off, and he was thus found out by one of his wives, the daughter of a Persian nobleman, Otanes. Then seven nobles conspired together, since they would not be ruled over by one of the Magi; and having determined that it was best to have one man for ruler, rather than the rule of the people or of the nobles, they slew Smerdis and made Darius, the son of Hystaspes, their king.

I've added the 1911 encyclopedia text so there's a little content. Brion VIBBER, Wednesday, April 3, 2002

Cambyses II was really the name both of the father and the son of Cyrus? Does that make sense?
 * Ya, it sort of does. Cambyses I was the father, and Cyrus himseifl was named after his grandfather Cyrus I, and so he felt it probably traditional to call his son after his own father (or the boy's grandfather) Cambyses but of course to avoid confusion we call the son Cambyses II to not confuse him with Cambyses I. Dr. Persi (talk) 21:31, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Italian Text
Is there an English article? Ardric47 00:00, 18 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Dates and numbers in this article
Wikipedia policy is clear on the use of Eras in articles:

 * ''Both the BCE/CE era names and the BC/AD era names are acceptable, but be consistent within an article. Normally you should use plain numbers for years in the Common Era, but when events span the start of the Common Era, use AD or CE for the date at the end of the range (note that AD precedes the date and CE follows it). For example, 1 BC–1|AD 1 or 1 BCE–1|1 CE.

It is up to the author(s) of an article to determine the dating system to be used and there must be consistency with each article. In this case, for a non-Christian topic in a non-Christian region of the world, BCE/CE would seem to make the most sense. Sunray 19:50, 2005 May 22 (UTC)

I see that someone who is not an author of the article has reverted to BC/AD. Perhaps we could get some comments from article authors as to which dating system to use. Sunray 06:54, 2005 May 23 (UTC)

We Interrupt this BC/BCE Catfight with an Important Announcement...
This type of stuff should go on the talk page, not right in the article itself:

 * - This number is highly speculative seeing that ancient sources like to exaggerate with such numbers. In the documentary on the History Channel with Tom Brown, the number of soldiers that Cambyses II actually sent was only 5,000 men. One can suppose, if the force was even bigger, then bigger remnants would stil remain, for 50,000 men is a huge number!

Added by Anonymous, moved here by --Jpbrenna 19:20, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

Collateral Damage
I've put some effort into making the infoboxes at the bottom of the Persian rulers' pages nicer, and I'd appreciate if people took that into accunt when childishly reverting each others contribs. --Jpbrenna 23:57, 23 May 2005 (UTC)

The East was not conquered.
Among the probles with this text is the presence of this statement: "the only remaining independent state of the Eastern world." This is clearly wrong (unless we are using the phrase "Eastern world" to mean, say, western Asia! India, China, Indonesia, Japan etc. were not conquered by Mid-Eastern powers. Kdammers 00:23, 21 April 2007 (UTC)

Something's Terribly Wrong
Okay, i only stumbled upon this cuz i'm an Africna history buff looking up stuff about Kush (Nubia to those that don't know). In Kush, King Nastasen leaves an inscription saying he kicked Cambyses' a$$ and jacked his ships (along with a whole bunch of other stuff). one small problem. The two figures lived litteraly TWO CENTURIES APART. Nastasen reigne in the 330s BCE. Cabysess II rule in Egypt in the early 500s BC. Anyone know what's going on here. Camby might well have gone into nubia and fought the Kushites, but I seriously doubt it was against King Nasty.Scott Free 04:21, 5 August 2007 (UTC)

Hmm, not sure about the other source that you have. But Cambyses II did venture into Africa after Egypt but he suffered defeat with Ethiopians, at least that is what Herodotus would have you believe. That is when he decided to return having subdued the Egypt dynasty. Dr. Persi (talk) 21:28, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Account of Attempted March on Ethiopia Completely Wrong
Herodotus explains how Cambyses first sent emissaries( in reality spies)to Ethiopia, bearing gifts. The Ethiopian King shrugs off the messengers, infuriating Cambyses. Cambyses then attempts to march to Ethiopia, but had not prepared well. His men run out of food, and begin drawing lots to consume the unfortunate soul who lost the drawings. Cambyses is made aware of this, and returns to Egypt.

I will begin editing this section of the article, if there are no objections? Nathraq (talk) 20:51, 25 August 2008 (UTC)

hahah, ya no I dont think anybody would want to stop you there haha. :P Dr. Persi (talk) 21:33, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

NPOV
I think the traditional view of Cambyses as a mentally unstable tyrant would now be questioned by modern historians. This is taken from classical Graeco-Roman accounts, but they could have been repeating Darius's propaganda. PatGallacher (talk) 21:01, 4 October 2009 (UTC)
 * And what other evidence is there? Darius' view is scarcely kinder, and much briefer. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 22:11, 4 November 2009 (UTC)

Title
This article has a bad title, it implies that there was a "Cambyses I of Persia". The point is to disambiguate him from Cambyses I of Anshan, but we can simplify matters. I propose to move this article to "Cambyses of Persia" and the other to "Cambyses of Anshan", which I believe is in accordance with Wikipedia guidelines. However even Cambyses I and Cambyses II would be preferable, although they raise problems. PatGallacher (talk) 16:43, 5 October 2009 (UTC)
 * That implication is your OR. For this article at least please please do not move without putting move request in a formal manner. Thank you.Xashaiar (talk) 13:28, 30 October 2009 (UTC)

Death
The article states at present that Darius claimed that Cambyses committed suicide. However the Full translation of the Behistun Inscription states that he died of natural causes. Can someone clarify? PatGallacher (talk) 21:01, 29 October 2009 (UTC)

I guess better late than never. The fact is that most historican do not really know what happened. Some believe it was caused by an accidental self injury, others speculate suicide. Dr. Persi (talk) 21:25, 17 January 2011 (UTC)

Requested move

 * The following discussion is an archived discussion of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on the talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The result of the move request was move. All kings being notable, it's probably best if primary usage of Cambyses discussion is kept separate for now. Deacon of Pndapetzim ( Talk ) 05:28, 15 November 2009 (UTC)

Cambyses of Persia → Cambyses II — - The name "Cambyses of Persia" is not used anywhere. Making such title would be justified if "Cambyses II" was ambiguous and used by another person with the same notability. This is not the case and he is the only one with this name and notability. I propose this move. Also using google books test makes sure that Cambyses II is the correct name and some Encyclopaedias like Britannica or Dictionaries, or more specialised works like The Cambridge History series, show that "Cambyses II" is unambiguous, unique among notable people, and correct and widely use. --Xashaiar (talk) 12:59, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
 * Agree in general; but this is the primary meaning of Cambyses, and should be so called. Septentrionalis PMAnderson 23:08, 30 October 2009 (UTC)
 * The above discussion is preserved as an archive of a requested move. Please do not modify it. Subsequent comments should be made in a new section on this talk page. No further edits should be made to this section.

The correct form of the name
Cambyses is greek for کمبوجیه, NOT کامبیز as another author has suggested.

There are pesianized greek given names, often with a persian origin like زرکسیس zaraksis, that is a persianization of Xerexes; itself coming from the persian خشایار. The suggested name کامبیز might have been an incorrect persianization of Cambyses. The original name is کمبوجیه and its modern form is کامبد caambod.

Kamboj (Greek: Cambyses) has a large number of descendents in subcontinent. They had used Kamboj as the surname for centuries. Mughal Empereor changed it to Kambo that later became Kamboh in thel ast two hundred years. There are two main categories in the line of the Cambyses. first one has developed into 84 casts (Gotums) and the second group has established 52 casts. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 206.205.82.3 (talk) 19:25, 4 March 2012 (UTC)

92.42.52.23 (talk) 05:53, 1 August 2010 (UTC)goshtasp

coin image [infobox]
This is from the 16th century. Nor is the image on the coin in Persian style. The article needs something like http://www.persianesquemagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/11/persian-soldiers-army.jpg HammerFilmFan (talk) 14:26, 12 September 2011 (UTC)

I second the suggestion; the image in the infobox is typical of inaccurate depiction of Persians (and Eastern civilization) by Europeans in the era. The absurd mystification of Eastern civilization was arguably an indirect affront, which is consistent with historical and cultural tensions that were inflamed as a result of the Crusades. The image should be deleted because there are alternatives that can be used. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 155.205.201.45 (talk) 07:37, 1 October 2012 (UTC)

Cambyses II died in Hama
According to Herodotus (3.64) he died in Ecbatana, i.e. Hamath, Syria. note: Ecbatana/Hamedan (Iran) is not to be confused with Ecbatana/Hamath (Syria) where Herodotus claims that Cambyses II died. Böri (talk) 13:25, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

 * The way I heard the story, Cambyses was accidentally wounded in the thigh by his own blade during a scuffle with his guards and kinsmen. He had flown into a fit of rage upon learning that he had been deceived into leaving Egypt by Darius, who was sent by Hystaspes (father of Darius) to retrieve the young king from his African expedition of conquest and debauchery. “An empire cannot run itself,” Hystaspes reminded his son. The death of Cambyses is most ironic in this oral version of the story, in that Smerdis, the younger brother of the king, had accidentally been killed years before, in Balkh, by the personal guard of Hystaspes. The story is sourced from unpublished material, which makes it unsuitable for wikipedia, but interesting nevertheless.

 * As it regards your comment, the names Hamedan (Ecbatana, then known as Aga-matanu) and Hamath are similar, but there was little confusion between them in those days. Coincidentally, though, in this version of the story, the altercation between Cambyses and Darius did take place near Hamath but the destination was Ecbatana. By the time they reached the former Median capital, gangrene had developed in Cambyses’ leg and he died shortly thereafter. Imahd (talk) 17:37, 12 May 2016 (UTC)

Etymology
I tried to simplify this but was reverted. I've removed 'convincingly' again and made a stab at fixing some English but gave up as I don't understand that the IP is trying to say. Perhaps it's a poor translation of something but at the moment it doesn't make much sense to me. Dougweller (talk) 21:06, 8 July 2012 (UTC)

Yes, the text is translated from French to English from the text "Estudio de la historia: Volume 7, Part 2, 1961, p 577-579, Arnold Joseph Toynbee. Yes, the English translation is bit difficult. I will see if I can improve the translation.

71.193.5.163 (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 03:35, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I still don't see the point of emphasizing Toynbee to the extent it's been done in this article. Dougweller (talk) 08:22, 9 July 2012 (UTC)

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"Cambyses'" cylinder seal
Hello, I recently wrote Persian king and the defeated enemies, an article about a cylinder seal commonly believed to depict Cambyses II catching Psamtik III. It turned out that, contrary to the common belief, such attribution is unbacked by reliable sources: the cylinder does not give any name, and it is more likely to represent Darius I or Artaxerxes II or maybe Artaxerxes III, while the captive is merely called a generic rebel. Thus, I change the image – taken from the cylinder – with the most contemporary depiction of Cambyses that I could find, the Egyptian one on an Apis stela of his regnal year 6. Any reliable source suggesting that the duo on the cylinder may indeed be Cambyses II and Psamtik III is more than welcome but until then, I believe that the cylinder cannot appear on this article. Khruner (talk) 10:20, 28 April 2019 (UTC)
 * Thanks for clarifying this! I was always a bit uneasy with this identification! पाटलिपुत्र (talk) 10:16, 3 May 2019 (UTC)

Rewrite time
Another article where a Iranian monarch is portrayed as a Disney villain. I'm gonna rewrite/expand this article by using modern and reliable sources. --HistoryofIran (talk) 00:33, 21 September 2019 (UTC)

Deletion of material
I would prefer not to get into an edit war, but if this persists I may take it to RFC. User HistoryofIran is persistently attempting to delete a sizeable chunk of relevant material. For example, as far as I can make out there are several different versions of how Cambyses met his death, this ought to be properly addressed. It may well be the consensus of historians nowadays that Bardiya was no impostor but a genuine son of Cyrus, but this ought to be properly sourced. We have "In fiction" sections for a lot of historical figures. Some historians may have their doubts about the historicity of Cambyses' lost army, but it's a widely-repeated story which ought to be mentioned. If there are problems with bias, sourcing etc. in these sections then specific points should be addressed, not deleting the whole section. PatGallacher (talk) 19:49, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

 * I don't want an edit war either, but as far as i can see, the content you restored was unreliably sourced. You, as an experienced editor, probably know that we need historical sources for such topics. ---Wikaviani  (talk) (contribs)  19:55, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

Just had a look, the material deleted has a total of 19 references. They include Pierre Bryant and Muhammed Dandamayev (references for much of the article which has not been deleted, without them we wouldn't have much of an article left) and Marc Van De Mieroop, Society of Biblical Literature, Leiden University, and the Archaeological Institute of America, these look like serious sources. PatGallacher (talk) 20:16, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Please follow WP:INDENT for better readability. The Pierre Briant source is still in the article after my revert, only the cited part was changed apparently. As to the other sources, i would not fully agree with you when it comes to their quality. While they sound like good sources, they're not specialized for the Achaemenid Empire. ---Wikaviani  (talk) (contribs)  21:30, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

 * I'll gladly add the information regarding the fictive lost army myself if you give me proper sources to do with it (oddly enough none of my Achaemenid sources mention it, seems to have been overhyped in news articles). The part regarding Bardiya I will try to make a bit more clear soon, I've already somewhat done it in Darius the Great. The Bardiya article itself needs to be rewritten. You also restored the part regarding Cambyses and the bull/cow, which has proven to be fictionous, which I have already mentioned in the article. I could go on. Ultimately (with all due respect) the stuff you restored heavily downgraded the article. It is also important to be aware that some stuff in Achaemenid-related sources are outdated, such as the Bardiya impostor stuff, Achaemenids being pure Persian, Cambyses being a disney villain, etc. --HistoryofIran (talk) 22:15, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Tom Holland does not appear to be a reliable source, per --Kansas Bear (talk) 22:46, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

 * Possibly, but I never mentioned him in my list of serious sources, and also he supports the view that Bardiya was genuine. PatGallacher (talk) 22:50, 10 April 2020 (UTC)

Ok, let's take this in easy stages. As far as I can make out there are different accounts of the death of Cambyses, so it would be POV for the article not to properly mention this. If you think that any statement here is not properly sourced please let us know what it is. PatGallacher (talk) 15:02, 12 April 2020 (UTC)

 * I've no problem with this. Perhaps it should be added that Darius' account is considered more or less made up propaganda in modern scholarship, but other than that it's fine. --HistoryofIran (talk) 02:02, 13 April 2020 (UTC)

 * May not be crucial to the article, but what do you think is the most likely explanation for the death of Cambyses? PatGallacher (talk) 15:41, 15 April 2020 (UTC)

 * I'm not sure, he could have died by accident, illness, or assassination. All causes seem pretty possible to me. Guess we'll never know. Also, it doesn't state on p. 61 that Bardiya was the one who led the rebellion. --HistoryofIran (talk) 18:48, 15 April 2020 (UTC)

Lost army of Cambyses
I dared to do this: de:Verlorene Armee des Kambyses on German Wikipedia. Herodot wrote a lot on this (as the only source) so it is interesting what can be said about this. -- Χεφρήν (talk) 08:54, 9 May 2021 (UTC)

title: Talk:Cambyses II