text:
User talk:Paul Drye

Hi, Paul, loved your History of Scotland stuff. I'll get the History of England crosslinked asap. Keep up the great work! sjc

Nice write up of The Clash, too. And Talking Heads. GWO

You have a flaw in your write-up of IKBrunel, in the section on the Thames Tunnel. "Isambard spent nearly" -- nearly what? 17 minutes to fix it? What took ya so long? :-)

That is a nice Talking Heads writeup. I can see your background in writing. Adding it to Brilliant prose. :-) --Koyaanis Qatsi

what's "too many" history books? can I have any discards?--MichaelTinkler

Just adding my words of admiration on the Scotland history article. I'd love to see more on William Wallace and Robert Bruce, and on the Picts. -- BryceHarrington

Nice spot on the Dunwich Horror, Paul. It must have been some other horror writer (maybe August Derleth?) that did the story about the Cthulhu tunnels from Walberswick to Dunwich. sjc - Paul, shouldn't the entry be under Walter Scott? --MichaelTinkler

- I've been going solely on the basis of "What is he most commonly known as?" Winston Churchill is popularly "Winston Churchill", despite being a "Sir", so his entry is without a title. On the other hand no-one calls Sir Walter Scott "Walter Scott", probably since that's a relatively common name; so "Sir Walter Scott" it is.

I'm operating on the theory that I want to pander to what people are likeliest to type in some article that mentions him, oblivious of what decision I may have made in naming my article. If necessary, it's complete replacements of names: "Duke of Marlborough" instead of John Churchill, "Bonnie Prince Charlie" (when I get around to him) instead of Charles III. All on the basis of popular usage...it seems to me to be the most logical and, more importantly, effective way of filing, seeing as Wiki frees us of alphabetical ordering and the limitations of paper. --PaulDrye - that's reasonable enough. We aren't bound by page-flipping searches, after all. It takes some getting used to, though! --MichaelTinkler

I did have the Thomas More entry linked to as Sir Thomas More, on the same reasoning, but that decision was vetoed. it does, however, present something of a problem for people who are alive and are knighted; for instance I would not expect to link to Sir Alec Guinness or Sir Paul McCartney though those may be the most common references a century from now. --Koyaanis Qatsi

While I see the problem, I don't think we should be apologizing for not being able to predict the future :) We can cross that bridge when we pass water under it. What was the reasoning behind the veto? --PaulDrye

Good point in re: the future. All those calls to the Psychic Friends Network just aren't panning out. ;-) I don't know why it was moved; I don't remember any discussion of it.  I'm not broken up over it; it's just something I noticed.  Which reminds me to check that all of the links are now to the article rather than the redirect.  --Koyaanis Qatsi - I would point out on the issue of Thomas More that a rather large body of those who actually know his name refer to him as Saint Thomas More. --MichaelTinkler

I suppose it's more a matter of culture than anything; titles are "identifiers" in British culture. To Americans, they are just information about a person and/or his accomplishments. We would never think to title an article "Dr. Albert Einstein", so why "Sir Alec Guinness"? He is, and always was, Alec Guinness. It so happens that he was later knighted, which fact should certainly be included in the article. But that's not who he was. Of course, that distinction doesn't work as well for hereditary titles that really are like identities (Lord Byron), or for simple names that can only be disambiguated by titles (Pope Gregory). --LDC

Which brings us back to "Sir Walter Scott" -- British, far more popular and talked about in the 19th century (when -- horrors! -- one DID NOT drop the title) than in the 20th, and with a moderately ambiguous name. My experience is that the "Sir" is practically part of his one-word name: "Sirwalterscott", so pronounced by my English professors. Rather like "Sirwalterraleigh", now that I think about it. Maybe it's just the Walters. All I can say is "Thank God his name isn't James". As far as I can tell, every third male in 18th century Scotland had that as a first name....PaulDrye

Good points which bring us back to the problem of whether to title or not to title, and (in this case) which one to choose if there are several. Perhaps we should hash out a voluntary policy on it. --Koyaanis Qatsi

Paul, I looove the rework of Prussia! Thank you sooo much! (oh -- didn't mean to be so soppy -- haven't had my caffeine yet.) -- JHK

Thanks for the welcome and the kind words! After scanning this page I relize that I'm going to have to look in to your Lovecraft stuff...

Oh, and thanks for the help with the Hoss/Hess thing! -- Dr.scientist

Sheesh, Paul...I said I'd be back to fix it -- I just didn't realize all the links would break if I copied and pasted from a much better version. Sorry I messed it up, but it was unintiontional and could hardly have been worse than the mess I was attempting to fix. Besides, in the meantime, I've found two web sites on Prussian history (one the lecture notes from a German history course) that say the Original Prussians were Slavic peoples eliminated byt the Teutonic Knights.

Anyway, thanks for fixing the page -- how did you do it? JHK

Thanks, Paul -- I thought it was me, because I did try to remove Helga's stuff and replace it with version 20. What is the best way to do a reversion? Go to the desired page and view source, then copy? Any advice would be welcome. Thanks! JHK

Thanks again. Your sanity is very important to me, as it provides very nice articles and re-writes! JHK ---

Hey Paul -- it's just that feudal in this sense is kinda meaningless -- you're really talking about noble rank, not feudal rank. King is theoretically higher than Duke (although not in practice throughout the middle ages and much of the early modern period....).There was never a feudal system per se -- just variations of normal feudal contracts that changed over time and place. In fact, there are very good historical arguments for banning the terms feudal and feudalism. I don't buy into that kind of extreme view, but am very aware of the fact that the idea of feudalism has been badly taught for decades, and think that we should do everything we can to use the term carefully and as accurately as possible. I'll try to get to editing feudalism soon.JHK

I already hit Prussia -- does it work for you? JHK

Kewl! and thanks for being nice to me!  :-) JHK

Hi Paul, I just noticed the way you've been adding historical events to year entries, by searching through Wikipedia articles for mentions of years. Very cool! --LMS
 * Hey, Paul-I like your chronological annals style, myself. I was reading something this weekend that made me think that maybe working on chronology for a while might help me see wikipedia's place in informationdom more clearly! --MichaelTinkler

Hi Paul -- just wanted to say thank you! JHK
 * for your lovely work on things of dubious Germanicity (it's been a long day!)

You know, I had never bothered to check Google. You're right! The only references to Old Prussi Land or Alt Prussi Land are Helga's own sites (and one link to her site). --MichaelTinkler

Thanks for pointing out the ATT article I've folded my AT and T information into it and redirected.

Paul, I am going to remove your redirect; there are (to my knowledge) at least 3 Penlee Houses in Cornwall, and there is at least 1 in Plymouth, Devon. None of them are as significant as the one in Penzance, but I am striving to keep this as unambiguous as possible. There may also be other Penlee Houses worldwide which are significant... There is no major hassle with having a disambiguated name, it is just a bit tiresome to reference. The search engine will still find it. We maybe need a set of Wikipedia standards for this like we are starting to work up in History for systems of nomenclature. sjc

(response to reply to comments in talk:sjc): Paul, The Eden Project, Cornwall is a good example of where disambiguation is v. important; your comments about Penlee House are quite accurate, as far as I can see at the moment, but cross-referencing is only marginally more difficult if a fully qualified name is given, and has a by-product advantage in that it ensures that the correct cross reference is given; a cross reference to Henry IV is different to a cross-reference to Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor. And there are bl**dy hundreds of 'em (well, quite a few...). And as for towns of Newport, it's going to be a real nightmare.

Tory - Removing corrupt from C18 politics! Patronage and nepotism were rife, rotten boroughs etc.

Why can't words like Quiver, Quintuplet and so on stay in Wikipedia?

Why can't Wikipedia also serve as dictionary?

 * Well, because it just isn't. See What Wikipedia is not - it's not a dictionary. I'm sure there could be a good entry for Quiver or Dionne Quintuplets or so forth, but it needs to be more than a 'definition'--MichaelTinkler

 * But don't dictionary-like entries provide a start for encyclopedia entries? --Seb

 * No, not really, or at least not often. When you've said what a Quimby is, there aren't a lot of places to go.  Role of the Quimby in 20th history, perhaps? -- GWO

The Page should not be deleted only noted with a text like "need more writing" -- Peder Persson

 * I disagree, Peder. In the cases where an entry could conceivably become an actual encyclopedia article, I left it alone -- for example, Quail, which could contain an article one day, Ddroar's sad attempt to the contrary. The ones I deleted are, in my judgement, never going to be expandable in that manner. They are too general.

 * I would be happy if you proved me wrong by going ahead and writing proper articles for the ones I deleted. -- Paul Drye

 * Hey now, there's no need to make newcommers feel unwelcome by labeling their first contributions "sad attempts". Otherwise, we'll send people away who write articles like adhesive. --Stephen Gilbert

Paul: you misunderstand me. I'm not criticizing your editing; I agree with your choice of removals, actually. What I was criticizing was your labeling ddroar's first contributions as "sad attempts" instead of giving him some constructive criticism. But, as I was writing that comment, you went to his page and offered such criticism. So... well, ... um, good. :-) --Stephen Gilbert

I think the redirecting instead of deleting is so much better in so many ways. It serves the same purpose as a deletion, but contributes so much more. --TheCunctator

Paul, in case I haven't said so lately, thank you for being you (i.e., for not being, say, an irredentist Old Prussi-phile). --MichaelTinkler

Hi Paul -- I missed the latest round of Old Prussi land stuff -- what happened?? JHK

Hi there - sorry I amputated the second half of your wonderful History of Scotland article --Dweir.

It did it again! Argh, Wikipedia's getting on my nerves. Sorry... Dweir

I'm confused Mr. Drye. I'm a post-grad Sociology, Ethnic Studies and Communications major. My emphasis has always been religion and diestic theory. Further, as a writer you might appreciate the fact that I too must pay the bills and work as a manager for a medium sized printing concern in Seattle. What I don't get is why you removed my addendums. If there is a policy at Wikipedia I'm unaware of, or some protocol I have violated please let me know. Thanks, H.W. Clihor.

 * I revived your addendums and placed them at Situational Dynamics. I'd love to hear more about that topic. --Ed Poor

Wonderful article at Behistun Inscription, Paul. --Koyaanis Qatsi

Ditto for Ibn Battuta (!) - MMGB

Hi Paul! just wanted to check in and see how things are going...If I'm going to be back, I figure I should at least try to foster a more friendly community! Hope your holidays were happy!! JHK

Mucho thanks for dealing with the vandal last night. Without (I hope) raising renewed accusations that there is some kind of "insider cabal agenda", I have to say that I wonder if it might not be wise in the future to have a way for a (largish) group of pre-authorized "regulars" to easily and quickly put into place a 24-hour ip-number-based editing ban. I mean, you had to waste a lot of time on this vandal, it would have been nice if you could have just zipped him up for awhile. --Jimbo Wales

 * Ahhh, it wasn't that big a deal. I was actually just sitting near the computer reading when it was happening, so it wasn't too hard to get my browser to refresh automatically, and glance up every now and then. When the vandal changed it, I had copied the URL for editing one "good" version; paste that in, press the "save" button, and revert. Took about one second each time :) -- Paul Drye

Ain't Wikipedia great, Paul? --MichaelTinkler

Hey Paul, what do you think about idea of adding History -- Military history ... etc links in the top of page, as in battle of Adowa and First Italo-Abyssinian War? szopen

 * I noticed you were having a little trouble with the way we silly English feel we must "translate" names,

Well, ekhm, i am aware that this is English-language encyclopedia and names should be translated into English names, when available. I just have no idea how some battles and wars are called in English, and i am sometimes just guessing. Site you provided will be most helpfull. Do you know, BTW, any site which could provide some other medieval terms? I believe that i am quite familiar with Polish terms (although i am not, nor i am pretending to be, historian) - but whenever i try to write in English i am stopped almost immedietely by my lacks in such vocabulary. szopen

-

Hello there. I was moving content from wikipedian's old user pages to the correct user namespace. It appears that your old user page still has content on it -- I wouldn't dream of deleting this material and redirecting that page and its talk to your new user page and new talk. So if you have a moment, could you do this? Or if you really don't care either way just say so here and I will make the needed changes (so that your old user page does not show up as a regular wikipedia article). Cheers! --maveric149

Hello there. May I point you back to Talk:Ibn Battuta for my reason for extending particular thanks for this article? --Alan Peakall 17:52 Oct 23, 2002 (UTC)

Paul! Welcome back. :-) --KQ

--

Hi there. Good catch on "Urbain Le Verrier", but when moving a page please use the "move page" function (in the side bar), not copy&paste. cheers -- Tarquin 21:24 Mar 6, 2003 (UTC)

moved Scots-Irish to Scotch-Irish; new Scots-Irish; removed usage note. i'm both, afaik it's neither archaic nor offensive. talk:Scots-Irish. Badanedwa 02:27, May 13, 2004 (UTC)

Data Management Wiki Committee
Thank you for your contribution to one, or more, articles that are now organized under Data management.

Because of your previous intrest, you are recieving an invitation to become a founding member of the Data Management Wiki Committee.

The members, of course, will form and solidify the purpose, rules, officers, etc. but my idea (to kick things off) is to establish a group of us who will take responsiblity to see that the ideas of Data management are promoted and well represented in Wikipedia articles.

If you are willing to join the committee, please go to Category_talk:Data_management and indicate your acceptance of this invitation by placing your three tilde characters in the list.

KeyStroke 01:07, 2004 Sep 25 (UTC)

GURPS Traveller: Interstellar Wars
Thanks for the additional information you added to the page. Who better to contribute to an article about a book than one of its authors? Seanr451 09:21, 3 April 2006 (UTC)

Al-Idrisi
Heló Paul, I saw your remark at Talk:Idrisi. Would you please take a look at Talk:Idrisi. Hope you know better who worked at this article. Regards Gangleri 22:16, 2004 Oct 13 (UTC)

Would you mind calling a newspaper reporter?
Hi Paul, I'm Curtis Krueger, a reporter with the St. Petersburg Times in Florida, (which you can see at www.sptimes.com). I am writing a story about Wikipedia and would like to talk to some Wikipedians about why they like to contribute their time to this project. I got your name from a list of most active Wikipedians. I am hoping to speak to people either today (Thursday Oct. 14) or tomorrow. You can email me at krueger@sptimes.com or call toll-free at 1-(800) 333-7505 ext. 8232.  Also, I posted a similar note on Village Pump, under news. Thanks! Curtis Krueger St. Petersburg Times

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Your old User page
The original version of your User page, with complete history, is available at User:Paul Drye/Old. It's your call whether to keep it or ditch it. Noel (talk) 22:37, 19 Dec 2004 (UTC)
 * How odd, I've just put another one with history at User:Paul Drye/old. You have two old userpages, I think there's a joke in there somewhere. --fvw *  12:01, 2004 Dec 31 (UTC)

Vasco da Gama
An article that you've edited before (Vasco da Gama) is nominated for Article Improvement Drive. If you want go there and vote. Thanks. Gameiro 02:58, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

Henry the Navigator
An article that you've edited before (Henry the Navigator) is nominated for Biography Collaboration of the Week. If you want go there and vote. Thanks. Gameiro 20:44, 24 October 2005 (UTC)

Wikimedia Canada
Hi there! I'd like to invite you to explore Wikimedia Canada, and create a list of people interested in forming a local chapter for our nation. A local chapter will help promote and improve the organization, within our great nation. We'd also like to encourage everyone to suggest projects for our national chapter to participate in. Hope to see you there!--DarkEvil 15:06, 5 February 2006 (UTC)

Frys and Chocolate
I noticed on the Talk:Chocolate web page you mentioned that you planned to do some research on Joseph Fry (this was probably years ago). I've recently been revamping the Joseph Fry page and renamed it to Fry Family (Chocolate). I've come to the conclusion that there are entirely too many Joseph Frys out there :-). --Erp 05:01, 26 March 2006 (UTC)

watermelon
Hello nice to meet you.

It is correct that the information was duplicated by content, and merged into a "table" called "regional trivia". Then, it is possible to make the article much shorter! (once it is stripped off bits of regional information).

I believe that it i makes sense to move the information (not to remove) into a "regional trivia" table. By the way i am not in a hurry to do it.

Just "southern" attributes concern north americans most likely. It is called the "english edition", not the "north american" edition.

The information that "watermelons are a common symbol of matsuri" is not without relevance. The country of japan (matsuri) uses to host US defence, and trade i guess 20 billions annually with the USA. I do not see any anchor to remove this information, it has more relevance than information about socialism (this can be merged into "discriminatory imaghe usage").

regards alex 14:24, 6 April 2006 (UTC)

Music
Hey. I'm doing a survey to find the most liked songs of all time. So far I have over 300 songs in the list. I was hoping that you would be willing to contribute your top ten. For more information and some of the minor rules check out my user page first. Rock on! RENTASTRAWBERRY  FOR LET?   röck  03:48, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

United Nations Article
Hi Paul,

I saw that you were one of the first contributors to Wikipedia's article on the United Nations, so am contacting you about a primary source I am trying to track down.

In the first paragraph, the article states that the UN describes itself as a "global association of governments facilitating co-operation in international law, international security, economic development and social equity."

Would you by any chance know exactly who or what stated this? If not, any ideas on how I can find out?

thank you so much for your time and help, Jayne email: jyj2084@yahoo.com

--Jengajenga20 14:39, 27 June 2006 (UTC)

Irish History
You seem like you have a lot a knowledge with respect Irish history so maybe you would like to comment on the historic basis of this term here Mediation Cabal/Cases/2006-12-02 IRA 'Volunteer' usage —The preceding unsigned comment was added by DownDaRoad (talk • contribs) 00:30, 8 December 2006 (UTC).

Your user page
I found your old user page while checking out some old deleted contributions. I have history merged it, so that all edits are in one place. Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 10:47, 18 February 2009 (UTC)

Your old account
Hi Paul, while I was going through some old edits, I discovered an old account of yours,, that you had used before starting this one. Therefore your first edit was not in September 2001, as it says on your user page, but rather on 1 August 2001. Since you abandoned the PaulDrye account before the changeover to MediaWiki in 2002, it was not registered in the Wikipedia database, even though several of its edits survive today. Therefore I've created the account to stop malcontents wreaking havoc with it, and moved some old user page history to, where it belonged in the first place. Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 03:40, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

Creation of eclipse article
Created the Eclipse Page Great work!!! — Preceding unsigned comment added by 47.17.54.255 (talk) 02:06, 7 June 2015 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

"Danzig" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect Danzig. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 June 28 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. buidhe 06:17, 28 June 2020 (UTC)

title: User talk:Paul Drye


text:
Ruby

Ruby is a pinkish red to blood-red colored gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide). Ruby is one of the most popular traditional jewelry gems and is very durable. Other varieties of gem-quality corundum are called sapphires. Ruby is one of the traditional cardinal gems, alongside amethyst, sapphire, emerald, and diamond. The word ruby comes from ruber, Latin for red. The color of a ruby is due to the element chromium.

Some gemstones that are popularly or historically called rubies, such as the Black Prince's Ruby in the British Imperial State Crown, are actually spinels. These were once known as "Balas rubies".

The quality of a ruby is determined by its color, cut, and clarity, which, along with carat weight, affect its value. The brightest and most valuable shade of red, called blood-red or pigeon blood, commands a large premium over other rubies of similar quality. After color follows clarity: similar to diamonds, a clear stone will command a premium, but a ruby without any needle-like rutile inclusions may indicate that the stone has been treated. Ruby is the traditional birthstone for July and is usually pinker than garnet, although some rhodolite garnets have a similar pinkish hue to most rubies. The world's most valuable ruby to be sold at auction is the Sunrise Ruby, which sold for US$34.8 million.

Physical properties
Rubies have a hardness of 9.0 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness. Among the natural gems, only moissanite and diamond are harder, with diamond having a Mohs hardness of 10.0 and moissanite falling somewhere in between corundum (ruby) and diamond in hardness. Sapphire, ruby, and pure corundum are α-alumina, the most stable form of Al$2$O$3$, in which 3 electrons leave each aluminium ion to join the regular octahedral group of six nearby O$\overline{3}$ ions; in pure corundum this leaves all of the aluminium ions with a very stable configuration of no unpaired electrons or unfilled energy levels, and the crystal is perfectly colorless, and transparent except for flaws.

When a chromium atom replaces an occasional aluminium atom, it too loses 3 electrons to become a chromium$\overline{3}$ ion to maintain the charge balance of the Al$\overline{3}$O$ω$ crystal. However, the Cr$ε$ ions are larger and have electron orbitals in different directions than aluminium. The octahedral arrangement of the O$2$ ions is distorted, and the energy levels of the different orbitals of those Cr$3$ ions are slightly altered because of the directions to the O$2−$ ions. Those energy differences correspond to absorption in the ultraviolet, violet, and yellow-green regions of the spectrum.

If one percent of the aluminium ions are replaced by chromium in ruby, the yellow-green absorption results in a red color for the gem. Additionally, absorption at any of the above wavelengths stimulates fluorescent emission of 694-nanometer-wavelength red light, which adds to its red color and perceived luster. The chromium concentration in artificial rubies can be adjusted (in the crystal growth process) to be ten to twenty times less than in the natural gemstones. Theodore Maiman says that "because of the low chromium level in these crystals they display a lighter red color than gemstone ruby and are referred to as pink ruby."

After absorbing short-wavelength light, there is a short interval of time when the crystal lattice of ruby is in an excited state before fluorescence occurs. If 694-nanometer photons pass through the crystal during that time, they can stimulate more fluorescent photons to be emitted in-phase with them, thus strengthening the intensity of that red light. By arranging mirrors or other means to pass emitted light repeatedly through the crystal, a ruby laser in this way produces a very high intensity of coherent red light.

All natural rubies have imperfections in them, including color impurities and inclusions of rutile needles known as "silk". Gemologists use these needle inclusions found in natural rubies to distinguish them from synthetics, simulants, or substitutes. Usually, the rough stone is heated before cutting. These days, almost all rubies are treated in some form, with heat treatment being the most common practice. Untreated rubies of high quality command a large premium.

Some rubies show a three-point or six-point asterism or "star". These rubies are cut into cabochons to display the effect properly. Asterisms are best visible with a single-light source and move across the stone as the light moves or the stone is rotated. Such effects occur when light is reflected off the "silk" (the structurally oriented rutile needle inclusions) in a certain way. This is one example where inclusions increase the value of a gemstone. Furthermore, rubies can show color changes—though this occurs very rarely—as well as chatoyancy or the "cat's eye" effect.

Versus pink sapphire
Generally, gemstone-quality corundum in all shades of red, including pink, are called rubies. However, in the United States, a minimum color saturation must be met to be called a ruby; otherwise, the stone will be called a pink sapphire. Drawing a distinction between rubies and pink sapphires is relatively new, having arisen sometime in the 20th century. Often, the distinction between ruby and pink sapphire is not clear and can be debated. As a result of the difficulty and subjectiveness of such distinctions, trade organizations such as the International Colored Gemstone Association (ICGA) have adopted the broader definition for ruby which encompasses its lighter shades, including pink.

Occurrence and mining
Historically, rubies have been mined in Thailand, in the Pailin and Samlout District of Cambodia, as well as in Afghanistan, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, India, Namibia, Japan, and Scotland. After the Second World War, ruby deposits were found in Madagascar, Mozambique, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, and Vietnam.

The Republic of North Macedonia is the only country in mainland Europe to have naturally occurring rubies. They can mainly be found around the city of Prilep. Macedonian rubies have a unique raspberry color.

A few rubies have been found in the U.S. states of Montana, North Carolina, South Carolina and Wyoming.

Spinel, another red gemstone, is sometimes found along with rubies in the same gem gravel or marble. Red spinels may be mistaken for rubies by those lacking experience with gems. However, the finest red spinels, now heavily sought, can have values approaching all but the finest examples of ruby. The Mogok Valley in Upper Myanmar (Burma) was for centuries the world's main source for rubies. That region has produced some exceptional rubies; however, in recent years few good rubies have been found. In central Myanmar, the area of Mong Hsu began producing rubies during the 1990s and rapidly became the world's main ruby mining area. The most recently found ruby deposit in Myanmar is in Namya (Namyazeik) located in the northern state of Kachin.

In Pakistani Kashmir there are vast proven reserves of millions of rubies, worth up to half a billion dollars. However, as of 2017 there was only one mine (at Chitta Katha) due to lack of investment. In Afghanistan, rubies are mined at Jegdalek. In 2017 the Aappaluttoq mine in Greenland began running.

The rubies in Greenland are said to be among the oldest in the world at approximately 3 billion years old. The Aappaluttoq mine in Greenland is located 160 kilometers south of Nuuk, the capital of Greenland. The rubies are traceable from mine to market.

The Montepuez ruby mine in northeastern Mozambique is situated on one of the most significant ruby deposits in the world, although, rubies were only discovered here for the first time in 2009. In less than a decade, Mozambique has become the world's most productive source for gem-quality ruby.

Factors affecting value
Rubies, as with other gemstones, are graded using criteria known as the four Cs, namely color, cut, clarity and carat weight. Rubies are also evaluated on the basis of their geographic origin.

Color
In the evaluation of colored gemstones, color is the most important factor. Color divides into three components: hue, saturation and tone. Hue refers to color as we normally use the term. Transparent gemstones occur in the pure spectral hues of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. In nature, there are rarely pure hues, so when speaking of the hue of a gemstone, we speak of primary and secondary and sometimes tertiary hues. Ruby is defined to be red. All other hues of the gem species corundum are called sapphire. Ruby may exhibit a range of secondary hues, including orange, purple, violet, and pink.

Clarity
Because rubies host many inclusions, their clarity is evaluated by the inclusions’ size, number, location, and visibility. Rubies with the highest clarity grades are known as “eye-clean,” because their inclusions are the least visible to the naked human eye. Rubies may also have thin, intersecting inclusions called silk. Silk can scatter light, brightening the gem's appearance, and the presence of silk can also show whether a ruby has been previously heat treated, since intense heat will degrade a ruby's silk.

Treatments and enhancements
Improving the quality of gemstones by treating them is common practice. Some treatments are used in almost all cases and are therefore considered acceptable. During the late 1990s, a large supply of low-cost materials caused a sudden surge in supply of heat-treated rubies, leading to a downward pressure on ruby prices.

Improvements used include color alteration, improving transparency by dissolving rutile inclusions, healing of fractures (cracks) or even completely filling them.

The most common treatment is the application of heat. Most rubies at the lower end of the market are heat treated to improve color, remove purple tinge, blue patches, and silk. These heat treatments typically occur around temperatures of 1800 °C (3300 °F). Some rubies undergo a process of low tube heat, when the stone is heated over charcoal of a temperature of about 1300 °C (2400 °F) for 20 to 30 minutes. The silk is partially broken, and the color is improved.

Another treatment, which has become more frequent in recent years, is lead glass filling. Filling the fractures inside the ruby with lead glass (or a similar material) dramatically improves the transparency of the stone, making previously unsuitable rubies fit for applications in jewelry. The process is done in four steps:

 * 1) The rough stones are pre-polished to eradicate all surface impurities that may affect the process
 * 2) The rough is cleaned with hydrogen fluoride
 * 3) The first heating process during which no fillers are added. The heating process eradicates impurities inside the fractures. Although this can be done at temperatures up to 1400 °C (2500 °F) it most likely occurs at a temperature of around 900 °C (1600 °F) since the rutile silk is still intact.
 * 4) The second heating process in an electrical oven with different chemical additives. Different solutions and mixes have shown to be successful; however, mostly lead-containing glass-powder is used at present. The ruby is dipped into oils, then covered with powder, embedded on a tile and placed in the oven where it is heated at around 900 °C (1600 °F) for one hour in an oxidizing atmosphere. The orange colored powder transforms upon heating into a transparent to yellow-colored paste, which fills all fractures. After cooling the color of the paste is fully transparent and dramatically improves the overall transparency of the ruby.

If a color needs to be added, the glass powder can be "enhanced" with copper or other metal oxides as well as elements such as sodium, calcium, potassium etc.

The second heating process can be repeated three to four times, even applying different mixtures. When jewelry containing rubies is heated (for repairs) it should not be coated with boracic acid or any other substance, as this can etch the surface; it does not have to be "protected" like a diamond.

The treatment can be identified by noting bubbles in cavities and fractures using a 10× loupe.

Synthesis and imitation
In 1837, Gaudin made the first synthetic rubies by fusing potash alum at a high temperature with a little chromium as a pigment. In 1847, Ebelmen made white sapphire by fusing alumina in boric acid. In 1877, Edmond Frémy and industrial glass-maker Charles Feil made crystal corundum from which small stones could be cut. In 1887, Fremy and Auguste Verneuil manufactured artificial ruby by fusing BaF$3+$ and Al$3+$O$3+$ with a little chromium at red heat.

In 1903, Verneuil announced he could produce synthetic rubies on a commercial scale using this flame fusion process, later also known as the Verneuil process. By 1910, Verneuil's laboratory had expanded into a 30 furnace production facility, with annual gemstone production having reached 1000 kg in 1907.

Other processes in which synthetic rubies can be produced are through Czochralski's pulling process, flux process, and the hydrothermal process. Most synthetic rubies originate from flame fusion, due to the low costs involved. Synthetic rubies may have no imperfections visible to the naked eye but magnification may reveal curved striae and gas bubbles. The fewer the number and the less obvious the imperfections, the more valuable the ruby is; unless there are no imperfections (i.e., a perfect ruby), in which case it will be suspected of being artificial. Dopants are added to some manufactured rubies so they can be identified as synthetic, but most need gemological testing to determine their origin.

Synthetic rubies have technological uses as well as gemological ones. Rods of synthetic ruby are used to make ruby lasers and masers. The first working laser was made by Theodore H. Maiman in 1960. Maiman used a solid-state light-pumped synthetic ruby to produce red laser light at a wavelength of 694 nanometers (nm). Ruby lasers are still in use.

Rubies are also used in applications where high hardness is required such as at wear-exposed locations in mechanical clockworks, or as scanning probe tips in a coordinate measuring machine.

Imitation rubies are also marketed. Red spinels, red garnets, and colored glass have been falsely claimed to be rubies. Imitations go back to Roman times and already in the 17th century techniques were developed to color foil red—by burning scarlet wool in the bottom part of the furnace—which was then placed under the imitation stone. Trade terms such as balas ruby for red spinel and rubellite for red tourmaline can mislead unsuspecting buyers. Such terms are therefore discouraged from use by many gemological associations such as the Laboratory Manual Harmonisation Committee (LMHC).

Records and famous examples

 * The Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C. has some of the world's largest and finest ruby gemstones. The 23.1 carat Burmese ruby, set in a platinum ring with diamonds, was donated by businessman and philanthropist Peter Buck in memory of his late wife Carmen Lúcia. This gemstone displays a richly saturated red color combined with an exceptional transparency. The finely proportioned cut provides vivid red reflections. The stone was mined from the Mogok region of Burma (now Myanmar) in the 1930s.
 * In 2007, the London jeweler Garrard & Co featured a heart-shaped 40.63-carat ruby on their website.
 * On 13/14 December 2011, Elizabeth Taylor's complete jewelry collection was auctioned by Christie's. Several ruby-set pieces were included in the sale, notably a ring set with an 8.24 ct gem that broke the 'price-per-carat' record for rubies (US$512,925 per carat – i.e., over US$4.2 million in total), and a necklace that sold for over US$3.7 million.
 * The Liberty Bell Ruby is the largest mined ruby in the world. It was stolen in a heist in 2011.
 * The Sunrise Ruby is the world's most expensive ruby, most expensive colored gemstone, and most expensive gemstone other than a diamond. In May 2015, it sold at auction in Switzerland to an anonymous buyer for US$30 million.
 * A synthetic ruby crystal became the gain medium in the world's first optical laser, conceived, designed and constructed by Theodore H. "Ted" Maiman, on 16 May 1961 at Hughes Research Laboratories

The concept of electromagnetic radiation amplification through the mechanism of stimulated emission had already been successfully demonstrated in the laboratory by way of the maser, using other materials such as ammonia and, later, ruby, but the ruby laser was the first device to work at optical (694.3 nm) wavelengths. Maiman's prototype laser is still in working order.

Historical and cultural references

 * The Old Testament of the Bible mentions ruby many times in the Book of Exodus, and many times in the Book of Proverbs, as well as various other times. It is not certain that the Biblical words mean 'ruby' as distinct from other jewels.
 * An early recorded transport and trading of rubies arises in the literature on the North Silk Road of China, wherein about 200 BC rubies were carried along this ancient trackway moving westward from China.
 * Rubies have always been held in high esteem in Asian countries. They were used to ornament armor, scabbards, and harnesses of noblemen in India and China. Rubies were laid beneath the foundation of buildings to secure good fortune to the structure.
 * A traditional Hindu astrological belief holds rubies as the "gemstone of the Sun and also the heavenly deity Surya, the leader of the nine heavenly bodies (Navagraha)." The belief is that worshiping and wearing rubies causes the Sun to be favorable to the wearer.
 * In the Marvel comic books, the Godstone is a ruby that the son of J. Jonah Jameson, John Jameson found on the Moon that becomes activated by moonlight, grafts itself to his chest which turns him into the Man-Wolf.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ruby


text:
Ruby character

Ruby characters or rubi characters are small, annotative glosses that are usually placed above or to the right of logographic characters of languages in the East Asian cultural sphere, such as Chinese hanzi, Japanese kanji, and Korean hanja, to show the logographs' pronunciation; these were formerly also used for Vietnamese chữ Hán and chữ Nôm, and may still occasionally be seen in that context when reading archaic texts. Typically called just ruby or rubi, such annotations are most commonly used as pronunciation guides for characters that are likely to be unfamiliar to the reader.

Examples
Here is an example of Japanese ruby characters (called furigana) for Tokyo ("東京"):

Most furigana are written with the hiragana syllabary, but katakana and romaji are also occasionally used. Alternatively, sometimes foreign words (usually English) are printed with furigana to provide the meaning, and vice versa. Textbooks sometimes render on-readings with katakana and kun-readings with hiragana.

Here is an example of ruby characters for Beijing ("北京") in Zhuyin (a.k.a. Bopomofo), Xiao'erjing, and Pinyin.

In Taiwan, the main syllabary used for Chinese ruby characters is Zhuyin fuhao (also known as Bopomofo); in mainland China pinyin is mainly used. Typically, unlike the example shown above, zhuyin is used with a vertical traditional writing and zhuyin is written on the right side of the characters. In mainland China, horizontal script is used and ruby characters (pinyin) are written above the Chinese characters.

Xiao'erjing is a Perso-Arabic alphabet, adopted by Hui Muslims and at times utilized as ruby characters in various manuscripts. This system does have its shortcomings, mainly that it has no way of indicating tones. With the spread of pinyin, the usage of this system has been in decline in the past decades. Most manuscripts that do mark the characters with Xiao'erjing, do so from right-to-left, which is quite unique, compared to other systems. This is because usually such manuscripts include Arabic texts such as the Quran, and the Chinese writing is the explanation or translation.

Books with phonetic guides (especially pinyin) are popular with children and foreigners learning Chinese.

Here is an example of the Korean ruby characters for Korea ("韓國"):

Romaja is normally used in foreign textbooks until Hangul is introduced. Ruby characters can be quite common on signs in certain parts of South Korea.

Here is an example of the Vietnamese ruby characters (Chữ Quốc Ngữ) for Hanoi ("河內"):

Chinese characters and its derivations of it (chữ Hán and chữ Nôm) which was used by the Vietnamese have fallen out of use in favour of Latin-based script chữ Quốc ngữ during the French colonial period when it was made a part of compulsory education (1920s onwards). Currently still used by Gin people.

Uses
Ruby may be used for different reasons:

 * because the character is rare and the pronunciation unknown to many—personal name characters often fall into this category;
 * because the character has more than one pronunciation, and the context is insufficient to determine which to use;
 * because the intended readers of the text are still learning the language and are not expected to always know the pronunciation or meaning of a term;
 * because the author is using a nonstandard pronunciation for a character or a term

Also, ruby may be used to show the meaning, rather than pronunciation, of a possibly-unfamiliar (usually foreign) or slang word. This is generally used with spoken dialogue and applies only to Japanese publications. The most common form of ruby is called furigana or yomigana and is found in Japanese instructional books, newspapers, comics and books for children.

In Japanese, certain characters, such as the sokuon (促音) (little tsu, っ) that indicates a pause before the consonant it precedes, are normally written at about half the size of normal characters. When written as ruby, such characters are usually the same size as other ruby characters. Advancements in technology now allow certain characters to render accurately.

In Chinese, the practice of providing phonetic cues via ruby is rare, but does occur systematically in grade-school level text books or dictionaries. The Chinese have no special name for this practice, as it is not as widespread as in Japan. In Taiwan, it is known as "zhuyin", from the name of the phonetic system employed for this purpose there. It is virtually always used vertically, because publications are normally in a vertical format, and zhuyin is not as easy to read when presented horizontally. Where zhuyin is not used, other Chinese phonetic systems like pinyin are employed.

In academic settings, Vietnamese text written in chữ Hán or chữ Nôm may be glossed with chữ quốc ngữ ruby for modern readers.

Sometimes interlinear glosses are visually similar to ruby, appearing above or below the main text in smaller type. However, this is a distinct practice used for helping students of a foreign language by giving glosses for the words in a text, as opposed to the pronunciation of lesser-known characters.

Ruby annotation can also be used in handwriting.

History

In British typography, ruby was originally the name for type with a height of 5.5 points, which printers used for interlinear annotations in printed documents. In Japanese, rather than referring to a font size, the word became the name for typeset furigana. When transliterated back into English, some texts rendered the word as rubi, (a typical romanisation of the Japanese word ルビ, instead of ルビー (rubī), the expected transliteration of ruby). However, the spelling "ruby" has become more common since the W3C published a recommendation for ruby markup. In the US, the font size had been called "agate", a term in use since 1831 according to the Oxford English Dictionary.

HTML markup
In 2001, the W3C published the Ruby Annotation specification for supplementing XHTML with ruby markup. Ruby markup is incorporated into the XHTML 1.1 specification and in HTML5.

For browsers that do not support Ruby natively, Ruby support is most easily added by using CSS rules that are available on the web.

Ruby markup is structured such that a fallback rendering, consisting of the ruby characters in parentheses immediately after the main text, appears if the browser does not support ruby.

The W3C is also working on a specific ruby module for CSS level 2, which additionally allows the grouping of ruby and automatic omission of furigana matching their annotated part.

Markup examples
Below are a few examples of ruby markup. The markup is shown first, and the rendered markup is shown next, followed by the unmarked version. Web browsers either render it with the correct size and positioning as shown in the table-based examples above, or use the fallback rendering with the ruby characters in parentheses:

Note that Chinese ruby text would normally be displayed in vertical columns to the right of each character. This approach is not typically supported in browsers at present.

This is a table-based example of vertical columns:

Complex ruby markup
Complex ruby markup makes it possible to associate more than one ruby text with a base text, or parts of ruby text with parts of base text.

Unicode
Unicode and its companion standard, the Universal Character Set, support ruby via these interlinear annotation characters:
 * Code point  (hex)—Interlinear annotation anchor—marks start of annotated text
 * Code point  (hex)—Interlinear annotation separator—marks start of annotating character(s)
 * Code point  (hex)—Interlinear annotation terminator—marks end of annotated text

Few applications implement these characters. Unicode Technical Report #20 clarifies that these characters are not intended to be exposed to users of markup languages and software applications. It suggests that ruby markup be used instead, where appropriate.

The interlinear annotation characters are part of the "Specials" Unicode block:

ANSI
ISO/IEC 6429 (also known as ECMA-48) which defines the ANSI escape codes also provided a mechanism for ruby text for use by text terminals, although few terminals and terminal emulators implement it. The PARALLEL TEXTS (PTX) escape code accepted six parameter values giving the following escape sequences for marking ruby text:
 * (or simply  since 0 is used as the default value for this control) – end of parallel texts
 * – beginning of a string of principal parallel text
 * – beginning of a string of supplementary parallel text
 * – beginning of a string of supplementary Japanese phonetic annotation
 * – beginning of a string of supplementary Chinese phonetic annotation
 * – end of a string of supplementary phonetic annotations

title: Ruby character


text:
User:Pemerson

Trained in the tradition of New World anthropology. Knows no one important.

title: User:Pemerson


text:
User:Phil Bordelon

I originally came to Wikipedia very close to its announcement, read some stuff, and moved on.

I came back to bang on some articles, correct grammatical flaws without touching content in other articles, and read about all the other stuff.

Alas, Wikipedia has become, in my opinion, a fundamentally inhospitable place. The strong deletionist tendencies of the current movers-and-shakers is, in my mind, fundamentally irreconcilable with the infinite-paper nature of the medium, and as such I feel I cannot in good conscience continue to contribute to Wikipedia in any meaningful form. Perhaps one day it will once again become the open font of knowledge it once was.

title: User:Phil Bordelon


text:
User talk:Phil Bordelon

Bouré
Seems like you're more or less the internet's only expert on Bouré—and for that I'm already deep in your debt. I was wondering, though: what's the rationale for the rule that if you don't have the led suit, and you can't beat current trump, you need to play trump anyway? That seems to me just a good avenue for frustration and an area where the player is beaten down by the rules—but I don't know the game as well as you. Let me know what you think. —Z. D. Smith
 * Well, you're asking for the "rationale" of rules to a game primarily played by drunk Cajuns, so the following statements will be hypothetical, I'm afraid. That said, from my own play I find that it's mainly a way to make play more interesting by making the chance of a bouré that much more likely, thereby increasing the stakes and therefore the "danger" of play.  It also helps to keep people from hoarding trumps quite so much--firstly because they're gonna have to lose them to higher trumps anyway, and secondly because they know that they're gonna have to lose them, and therefore play them earlier ... making play more interesting, again.  That said, I'm a firm believer in the power of tinkering, so if you play a night without forced trumps, I'd love to hear how it goes. (Pretty much everyone I've ever asked about the rules of Bouré plays with forced trumps, though.) Phil Bordelon

Thanks for the quick reply; I will indeed let you know how it goes. Unfortunately, bigger than the problem (for a Yankee such as myself) of whether or not to play with forced trumps is simply getting folks to play Bouré at all. Always seems to go, you've got some folks together for cards, and naturally it falls to Hold 'Em. Maybe I get the chance to teach a couple of them how to play Bouré, but only talk of playing it is maybe for the next time, which of course always falls on poker night. Seems to me that what this internet really needs is an increased Bouré presence. —Z. D. Smith
 * I've always been interested in writing a 'net client for Bouré, but I've never had the time. That said, if someone like PokerStars would implement Bouré I'd be there like ... something that moves really fast.  One of the problems would be dealing with all of the variations, though.  Any arbitrary ruleset they pick would piss some people off.  Bouré doesn't have a standards body (unless you want to count, uh, me. -grin-) Phil Bordelon 23:57, 2 September 2005 (UTC)
 * Nice article Phil. I wrote the other Bourré article, not realizing that you had written this one. I suggest we merge these things. RPellessier | Talk 22:09, 20 November 2005 (UTC)
 * I've never heard of that 'no-low' variant. Interesting.  I'm up for a merge, but I haven't had much time to work on W'p recently, I'm afraid. :/ Phil Bordelon 19:38, 12 December 2005 (UTC)
 * You found the one paragraph I didn't write! They don't play that way in Lafayette, or Breaux Bridge, or Cankton. I will test that version contributed by someone else when I go back to Lafayette for the holidays, or see if I can look up Preston Guidry. RPellessier | Talk 08:10, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * I say if we merge it just don't worry about the No-Lo bit, perhaps adding it as a variant at the bottom. There's no substantiation of its existence, but then again, do WE have substantiation?  You have that book, and I have years of play, but other than conversations with family members it's not something I can point to for people to read.  Hoyle's still doesn't have it ... Phil Bordelon 18:41, 13 December 2005 (UTC)
 * All true. No-Lo is unverifiable, unless it came from some other documented game, like hearts. We'll leave it out unless we can verify it. I'll say as much on the talk page for the version I wrote. RPellessier | Talk 04:59, 14 December 2005 (UTC)
 * Read the adds I made to the Talk:Bourré page, it is a transcription of the Rules in the Scott Bar, circa 1980. I think your Grandmother's 4 of diamonds rule is in rule 6. RPellessier | Talk 00:18, 20 February 2006 (UTC)

Archived Chit-Chat
Archive 1 (Ancient Mists of Time - June 2004)

Nikoli puzzles
Good job with the list of Nikoli's works! It gives me a goal to shoot for. - ZM Zotmeister 16:57, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Glad to provide. I've actually been in a bit of dialog with the folks over there; my goal is to make pretty much all of their non-Japanese-language puzzles doable without having to bug 'em. Phil Bordelon 18:28, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Nice. I suppose I'm in a financial dialogue with them: I've bought around twenty books from them and am about to order roughly ten more. I like to give them away as prizes for solving my own puzzles (on my LiveJournal). - ZM Zotmeister 22:16, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * Hm. I don't want to count how many of their books I bought over the last couple of months.  I'd be willing to guess ~60.  They take up ~3ft of shelf space under my computer.  Thankfully I've bought pretty much everything I want ... for now, at least. :) Phil Bordelon 22:42, 16 Jun 2005 (UTC)

Filomino is one of my favorites. It was a pleasure adding to the article. I'm presently running a contest out of my LJ to see who can make the most efficient puzzle (fewest givens) for a 6×6 grid without any matching polyomino sizes in the solution (specifically, there must be one 1-omino, one 2-omino, and so on up to 8-omino). Time to look at the Hashiwokakero article now, but I'm not sure how much help I'll be there... - ZM Zotmeister 5 July 2005 20:47 (UTC)

Described vs. Known
When a new species of something is found, a scientist will usually take specimens, and do rigorous test to figure out where, taxonomically, it fits. For example, disection, colouration etc. Once they have done this, they write a paper, and "describe" the species. Once it is peer reviewed, and generally accepted, it is added to taxonmic resources, which list all species of a certain group. There is however, a problem with this in some organisms. For example, there are species of plant, which cannot be described because they do not mature for twenty years (and therefore do not flower), and cannot be properly described. These species of plant are "known", but not described, and are therefore not part of the taxonomic resources. When someone counts the plant species of the world from one of these resources, it does not include it, and therefore they say there is *a number* of "described species". There is a slightly larger number of "known species". This does not apply as much for frogs as it does plants, however there were 20 new species of frog recently found in New Guinea, and I don't think they have been described yet. I hope that makes sense.--liquidGhoul 04:51, 13 February 2006 (UTC)

Fill-It-In
Thanks! I'm sorry I didn't check for other articles that meant the same thing before I started writing. Thanks for doing that for me.Sidious1701 21:43, 2 March 2006 (UTC)

IRC cloak request
I am Phil_Bordelon on freenode and I would like the cloak wikipedia/Phil-Bordelon. Thanks. --Phil Bordelon 20:44, 14 August 2007 (UTC)

AfD nomination of The No Game
I have nominated The No Game, an article that you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/The No Game. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Stephen 23:47, 21 December 2008 (UTC)

An article you created is about to be deleted: Tools which can help you
The article you created, The_No_Game is about to be deleted from Wikipedia.

There is an ongoing debate about whether your article should be deleted here:
 * Articles for deletion/The_No_Game.

The faster your respond, the better chance the article you created can be saved. This is because deletion debates only stay open for a few days, and the first comments are usually the most important. There are several tools and other editors who can help you keep the page from being deleted forever:
 * 1) You can list the page up for deletion on Article Rescue Squadron. If you need help listing your page, add a comment on the Article Rescue Squadron talk page.
 * 2) You can request a mentor to help explain to you all of the complex rules that editors use to get a page deleted, here: Adopt-a-User. But don't wait for a mentor to respond on the deletion page.
 * 3) When try to delete a page, veteran editors love to use a lot of rule acronyms. Don't let these acronyms intimidate you. Here is a list of your own acronyms you can use yourself: WP:Deletion debate acronyms which may support the page you created being kept. Acronyms in deletion debates are sometimes incorrectly used, or ignore rules or exceptions.
 * 4) You can merge the article into a larger article.

If your page is deleted, you still have many options available. Good luck! travb (talk) 03:15, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

 * Poke (game) is also being deleted. travb (talk) 03:25, 26 December 2008 (UTC)

Your old user and talk pages
Hi Phil, I've history merged your old user and talk pages, so all the edits for them are in one place. Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 13:20, 28 January 2009 (UTC)
 * Don't mind at all. I was using what was available with the tools back then; newer is, in this case, better. Phil Bordelon (talk) 02:23, 14 April 2009 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Tanbo

The article Tanbo has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No reliable sources found.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. Ten Pound Hammer, his otters and a clue-bat • (Otters want attention) 22:56, 1 January 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Alak (board game)

The article Alak (board game) has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * Unsourced, and mo indication of notability of the game is given.

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. TexasAndroid (talk) 22:08, 3 January 2011 (UTC)

Nomination of Tanbo for deletion
The article Tanbo is being discussed concerning whether it is suitable for inclusion as an article according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Tanbo until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Ten Pound Hammer, his otters and a clue-bat • (Otters want attention) 20:24, 4 January 2011 (UTC)

Notification of pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next month. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e., as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised and that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions). This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts.

Delivered by MessageDeliveryBot on behalf of Xeno (talk) at 15:35, 2 December 2011 (UTC).

Notification of imminent suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next several days. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e., as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised and that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions). This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. MessageDeliveryBot (talk) 13:25, 28 December 2011 (UTC)

Delivered by MessageDeliveryBot on behalf of Xeno (talk) at 13:25, 28 December 2011 (UTC).

Suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in over one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions have been removed pending your return. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e., as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised and that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions). This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. – xeno talk 14:41, 3 January 2012 (UTC)

Notice of change
Hello. You are receiving this message because of a [//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia_talk:Administrators&oldid=526254016#Restoration_of_the_tools_.28proposal.29 recent change] to the administrator policy that alters what you were told at the time of your desysopping. The effect of the change is that if you are inactive for a continuous three year period, you will be unable to request return of the administrative user right. This includes inactive time prior to your desysopping if you were desysopped for inactivity and inactive time prior to the change in policy. Inactivity is defined as the absence of edits or logged actions. Until such time as you have been inactive for three years, you may request return of the tools at the bureaucrats' noticeboard. After you have been inactive for three years, you may seek return of the tools only through WP:RFA. Thank you.  MBisanz  talk 00:20, 4 December 2012 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Merger discussion for Monotypic taxon and Monospecificity
Articles that you have been involved in editing— Monotypic taxon and Monospecificity—have been proposed for merging with another article. If you are interested, please participate in the merger discussion. Thank you. Nessie (talk) 16:06, 17 August 2017 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Andantino (game)

The article Andantino (game) has been proposed for deletion because of the following concern: "Fails WP:GNG. Coverage in independent reliable sources not found."

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, pages may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the page to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. GeoffreyT2000 (talk) 01:12, 19 August 2018 (UTC)

title: User talk:Phil Bordelon


text:
User:Plemeljr

I am an apprentice architect, web designer, carpenter, and graphic designer. I take pride in my work, and I enjoy the Wikipedia system, and I enjoy the hours I can work on it.

title: User:Plemeljr


text:
User:Pneff

Hi Pneff,

I think you wrote this:
 * You misunderstand the Christian believe. The New Testament doesn't say that Jews hung Jesus but the Pharisees.....The Pharisees weren't the Jews, they were only a group of them.

In the section on Christian anti-semitism. If you didn't write this, I apologize for calling your attention to it. But if you did...

You misunderstand Judaism. It is true that at the time the Pharisees represented just one of many Jewish group. But it is the only group that survived; all Jews today are Pharisees, or descendents of the Pharisees. Judaism today is Phariseeic Judaism. I tam fairly sure all Orthodox and Conservative Jews would say this without hesitation. Reform and Reconstructionist Jews might take a few minutes to explain that they have kept a lot of Phariseeic Judaism but have made some changes. In any event, practically every Jew today identifies with the Pharisees and takes a comment against Pharisees to be a comment against Judaism as a whole.

You might want to read through the entire discussion on this issue, including the archived old talk -- it is lengthy, but allthe points you bring up have been brouht up before and have been discusses from both sides, SR

title: User:Pneff


text:
User:Pspinler

I'm a mid 30s database administrator in Rochester, Mn working for the Mayo Clinic.

Been writing or editing pages for a few months (as of Nov 3, 2001), but because I use different computers, I don't always show up as myself.

Made some entries for Tai Chi Chuan, Nei chia, Tutankhamun, Howard Carter, Dutch West India Company, Dulcimer (and sub entries), and Earthworm.

I enjoy finding a blank topic, doing some light research on the net, and writing a little entry.

Question: when researching a topic, should I include references to the resources I used, like in Earthworm, or not, like in Tutankhamun ?

L8r, Pat

title: User:Pspinler


text:
User:Qaz

Hello. I am an interesting fellow in many ways which I may, or may not, expand on here one day.

Articles I am willing to admit involvement in:
Not to brag or to claim any kind of ownership but simply to serve as a record of my interests and areas of work on Wikipedia, I provide the following lists of articles I have helped with, some of which I originated:

Sign Language and Deaf culture: Sign language, American Sign Language, Signing Exact English, Manual alphabet, Hearing (person), Audiology, Hearing test, Visible Speech, Oralism, Manualism, Manual communication, Deaf President Now, Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf, Fingerspelling, American Sign Language alphabet, Hearing impairment, Deaf culture, Dummy Hoy, Alexander Graham Bell, I. King Jordan, William Stokoe, Paddy Ladd.

Science: Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Sunburn, Sun tanning, Bowen's reaction series, Parasite, Light, Number system, Cell incubator, Child development, Phytochemical, Calorie

Other: Washington Monument, National Mall, Continental Army, The Far Side, Spite and Malice, Billy Collins, Louise Glück, Holton-Arms School, The Twelve Chairs (1970 film), Congener, As Good as It Gets, Where the Heart Is (1990 film), Boonton, New Jersey, Idioms, Internet slang, Leet,  Poet Laureate Consultant in Poetry to the Library of Congress,Political Correctness, Lilies of the Field (1963_film), Keiiti Aki, Tempest Anderson, Aimé Argand, Charlotte Auerbach, William Astbury, Joseph Arnold, Fat Head

Favorite External Links

 * http://www.takeourword.com Great Etymology Site
 * http://www.m-w.com --Merriam Webster Online Dictionary
 * http://www.nytimes.com --The New York Times Online Edition
 * http://www.scitechdaily.com --Scitech Science News
 * http://www.sciencedaily.com/index.htm --Science Daily
 * http://www.newscientist.com --New Scientist
 * http://www.nature.com/nsu/index.html --Nature Science Update
 * http://www.economist.com --The Economist Online Edition
 * http://www.wired.com/wired/current.html --Wired Magazine
 * http://www.straightdope.com --The Straight Dope (Fighting Ignorance since 1973)
 * http://weblog.infoworld.com/udell/gems/umlaut.html -- Evolution of wiki article

Favorite Quotes
Why be normal? There are too many other people doing it.

If whites are the superior race, why are there so many Caucasians in the KKK?

E-I-E-I-O is actually a gross misspelling of the word farm - George Carlin

Dual licence
See User:Qaz/Desktop for licence information.

title: User:Qaz