text:
Talk:Colosseum

Picture gallery in Today section
I read the article of the Colosseum this morning and chanced upon the gallery under the Today section of the article. The picture gallery contains repeated "Colosseum 2013" captions which I find confusing. Could someone help me out here? I want to arrange them in a gallery but there should be only one caption for all the images. Regards, Japanese Rail Fan (talk) 13:52, 22 February 2014 (UTC)

Section on Christians
A separate section on Christians is not really necessary as the main body of the text already states "In 1749, Pope Benedict XIV endorsed the view that the Colosseum was a sacred site where early Christians had been martyred. He forbade the use of the Colosseum as a quarry and consecrated the building to the Passion of Christ and installed Stations of the Cross, declaring it sanctified by the blood of the Christian martyrs who perished there (see Christians and the Colosseum). However there is no historical evidence to support Benedict's claim, nor is there even any evidence that anyone prior to the 16th century suggested this might be the case; the Catholic Encyclopedia concludes that there are no historical grounds for the supposition." An editor at some point added a section based on the Catholic Encyclopedia entry which was tagged for years as needed refs, so I added them, but now the section has been re-written with the addition of various legends stated as fact. There is no evidence that St Ignatius was torn to pieces by lions at the Coliseum, that is just a legend. I am putting it back to the version which is neutral in my opinion, although I will amend it to say that there is no evidence for or against Christians being executed there. I don't like that painting of lions about to pounce on Christians in the Colosseum either as I feel it perpetuates myths and I changed that also but don't feel strongly enough about that to fight about it.Smeat75 (talk) 03:26, 13 May 2014 (UTC)

 * User:Smeat75, hello! Thank you for taking the time to look at the section. I would like to discuss your recent edits. If you noticed, every reliable source that I added in the article has the original quote by the author, for you to see if the sentence is verifiable. Now, the former paragraphs never said that Ignatius was definitively martyred in the Colosseum; rather, they say that he likely was martyred there, giving Christians further inspiration to believe in the idea that many Christians were persecuted there. I agree that most Christians were not persecuted in the Colosseum, but as the sources point out, some were executed as common criminals. Your edits restore information that The Catholic Encyclopedia never state in the first place. I suppose that I should find the original quotes from that source to show you that the new revision is more accurate. Indeed, I spent quite some time going back to the source and revising that information. I will not object to your removal of that painting, as long as File:Ignatius of Antioch.jpg is used in its stead. I hope this helps and look forward to your comments. With regards, AnupamTalk 04:02, 13 May 2014 (UTC)

 * I just added the original quotes from Keith Hopkins, as well as ''The Catholic Encyclopedidia of the sentences do not accurately reflect what is said in the sources (I have provided the original quotes for you to read), then you can suggest a revision of the sentence in question here. Thanks! Best, AnupamTalk 04:24, 13 May 2014 (UTC)

Hello, I am not a registered Wikipedia editor, but i am the author of a source cited in the Christians and the Colosseum section. My book is quoted and cited concerning the cross that is erected at the Colosseum and the plaque. I was incorrect about the placement of the plaque; it is on the exterior of the building, not on the cross as the book seems to indicate. I will update this in the book's second edition, and provide a better translation of the plaque's wording. In the meantime, accuracy on Wikipedia would require removing this reference to the plaque. Thank you. Bryan Litfin — Preceding unsigned comment added by 107.132.70.5 (talk) 14:32, 16 July 2014 (UTC)

 * Re: comments of Anupam above: the paraphrase from professor of ancient history at Cambridge University Keith Hopkins's book on the Coliseum needs to stay, it is an impeccable source, and says there is no evidence for (or against) execution of Christians at the Coliseum. The quote you added says "there seems little doubt that "some Christians" were executed there but you left out the "seems" and "doubt" so I have clarified that, to "it may be" that "some Christians" were executed there. The story about Ignatius being torn to lions, as the quote you added says ("ancient Christian records do not record" martyrdoms at the Coliseum), is not backed by any record whether Christian or pagan, therefore it is a legend without any evidence except that it became an oft-repeated tale.Smeat75 (talk) 17:41, 17 July 2014 (UTC)

 * I amended the Ignatius reference from "legend" to 'according to Iraneus" but he doesn't say anything about Ignatius being torn to lions at the Coliseum, only in Rome. There is a reference in there which talks about Trajan and Marcus Aurelius sending Christians to their deaths which is just not true but I will not remove it for the moment anyway.Smeat75 (talk) 19:01, 17 July 2014 (UTC)

 * User:Smeat75, I have taken a look at your changes and find them to be acceptable. I will make no changes to the version as you have it written now. All the best, AnupamTalk 02:50, 18 July 2014 (UTC)

In reading this section the other day, I was disturbed that the topic sentence of the section seemed to only mention one perspective. In an effort to remedy that, I have drafted a proposed re-write of this section. If there are no objections, I will proceed with the edit soon. (my proposed added footnotes are in parenthesis until I actually edit the article). I propose that this section of the article be amended as follows:

"''The Colosseum is generally regarded by Christians as a site of the martyrdom of large numbers Saints as evidenced by tradition and Church history, (http://www.the-colosseum.net/history/h1.htm) (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04101b.htm ) (http://www.tribunesandtriumphs.org/colosseum/colosseum-christian-martyrs.htm). On the other hand, some modern scholars believe that the majority of martyrdoms may have occurred at other venues within the city of Rome, rather than at the Colosseum, citing a lack of still-intact physical evidence or historical records. (http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04101b.htm) [38] [39]  These scholars assert that  "some Christians were executed as common criminals in the Colosseum—their crime being refusal to reverence the Roman gods"[40], but most Christian martyrs of the early Church were executed for their faith at the Circus Maximus. [41] According to St.Irenaeus (died about 202), St.Ignatius of Antioch was fed to the lions in Rome around 107 A.D, but St.Irenaeus says nothing about this happening at the Colosseum, although tradition ascribes it to that place.[42][43][44][45]  Pope Pius V (1566–1572) is said to have recommended that pilgrims gather sand from the arena of the Colosseum to serve as a relic, on the grounds that it was impregnated with the blood of martyrs, although some of his contemporaries did not share his conviction.[48] A century later Fioravante Martinelli listed the Colosseum at the head of a list of places sacred to the martyrs in his 1653 book Roma ex ethnica sacra. It was only in the 16th and 17th centuries that the Colosseum came to be widely venerated as a Christian site.[49] In the Middle Ages, the Colosseum was not regarded as a monument, and was used as a what some modern sources label a "quarry,"[38] which is to say that stones from the Colosseum were taken for the building of other sacred sites (http://www.the-colosseum.net/history/quarry.htm). This fact is used to support the idea that, at a time when sites associated with martyrs were highly venerated the Colosseum was not being treated as a sacred site[46],. It was not included in the itineraries compiled for the use of pilgrims nor in works such as the 12th century Mirabilia Urbis Romae ("Marvels of the City of Rome"), which claims the Circus Flaminius – but not the Colosseum – as the site of martyrdoms.[47] Part of the structure was inhabited by a Christian order, but it is not known whether this was for any particular religious reason.

The Christian Martyrs' Last Prayer, by Jean-Léon Gérôme (1883) Martinelli's book evidently had an effect on public opinion; in response to Cardinal Altieri's proposal some years later to turn the Colosseum into a bullring, Carlo Tomassi published a pamphlet in protest against what he regarded as an act of desecration. The ensuing controversy persuaded Pope Clement X to close the Colosseum's external arcades and declare it a sanctuary.[50] At the insistence of St. Leonard of Port Maurice, Pope Benedict XIV (1740–1758) forbade the reusing the stones of the Colosseum and erected Stations of the Cross around the arena, which remained until February 1874.[51] St. Benedict Joseph Labre spent the later years of his life within the walls of the Colosseum, living on alms, prior to his death in 1783.[51] Several 19th century popes funded repair and restoration work on the Colosseum, and it still retains its Christian connection today. a cross stands in the Colosseum, with a plaque, stating:. . ."

'' — Preceding unsigned comment added by Elpiniki (talk • contribs) 01:44, 14 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I had the protection removed from this article. You are free to edit it now. Thanks for posting here before going to the article - that makes space for discussion if anyone has anything to say.  Blue Rasberry   (talk)  14:24, 19 August 2015 (UTC)

Thanks so much!

I edited it to the best of my ability as I stated above. I am not an expert in HTML, so I apologize for any errors. But, I believe I retained all of the previously existing footnotes as well as adding my own.

Thanks so much for your help on this, Blue Rasberry!

Elpiniki (talk) 02:30, 21 August 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 26 May 2014
The word 'alluvional' is exceedingly uncommon if not outright incorrect. 'alluvial' would be a great improvement.

Muddlers (talk) 11:24, 26 May 2014 (UTC)

 * Hi Muddlers, you make a good point so I've made the change as you suggested. Thanks for pointing it out. Nev1 (talk) 11:43, 26 May 2014 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 September 2014
182.186.36.251 (talk) 07:49, 5 September 2014 (UTC)

If you want to suggest a change, please request this in the form "Please replace XXX with YYY" or "Please add ZZZ between PPP and QQQ". Please also cite reliable sources to back up your request, without which no information should be added to any article. - Arjayay (talk) 11:40, 5 September 2014 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as you have not requested a change.

New Section
Some one should write a section on the current uses of the Colosseum. I looked it up and did not find much.Book Jumper (talk) 20:31, 20 February 2015 (UTC)

Why is this article protected?
It had some vandalism in 2010. Hardly a justification for it still to be protected over four years on. 78.146.166.179 (talk) 20:13, 4 May 2015 (UTC)
 * , you applied protection to this page in 2010. Can this page be unprotected now? Thanks.  Blue Rasberry   (talk)  18:54, 13 August 2015 (UTC)
 * This article's protection is now removed.  Blue Rasberry   (talk)  14:23, 19 August 2015 (UTC)
 * I'm fine with trialling unprotection, and so far so good. For what it's worth in November 2010 there were 100 edits of which 84 were either vandalism/spam or reverts of said edits. That was the established pattern, so 'some vandalism' doesn't quite give the impression of the activity. Nev1 (talk) 13:16, 22 August 2015 (UTC)
 * Hmm... Looking at the article history. The article could need pending changes, where IP and new editor edits are reviewed, but does not restrict IP or new editor edits. Qwertyxp2000 (talk | contribs) 09:05, 26 August 2015 (UTC)

The term LITERAL is used incorrectly
At the segment "in effect, placing it both literally and symbolically at the heart of Rome." there is a misuse of the world "Literal", for it seems that when the author wrote it he thought that when a building is constructed in the center of a geographical map, it is "literally" in the heart of the certain geographical map. It still isn't, the "heart" of Rome still is a metaphorical expression. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Marcosoldfox (talk • contribs) 19:55, 11 May 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 June 2015
Maxforw (talk) 17:40, 5 June 2015 (UTC)
 * Photo of the Flavian Amphitheatre (Coliseum)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: as that is a copyright photo. - Arjayay (talk) 20:11, 5 June 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 30 July 2015
In the third paragraph under "Physical description" --> "Exterior" it is stated that "The arcades are framed by half-columns of the Tuscan, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, while the attic is decorated with Corinthian pilasters." However, as noted by Sebastiano Serlio in Tutte l'opere d'architettura et prospetiva the ground floor arcade is framed by columns of the (Roman) Doric order, not the Tuscan order (see page 158 of the translation by Vaughan Hart and Peter Hicks). Hence, I request that this sentence be changed to "The arcades are framed by half-columns of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, while the attic is decorated with Corinthian pilasters."

N.B.: Serlio treats the Tuscan order separately, and hence his claim that these columns are of the Doric order does not reflect an issue of nomenclature ambiguity between the two orders.

Andrew Auman (talk) 17:33, 30 July 2015 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting question.svg Question: The source in question is not visible to everyone because it is a book. Is there an online source confirming this?  True CRaysball  | #RaysUp 09:05, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

I think hardcopy references are valid. Also onlinr http://www.britannica.com/topic/Colosseum has the statement "Three of the arena’s stories are encircled by arcades framed by decorative half-columns in the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders;"--Jcardazzi (talk) 18:28, 6 August 2015 (UTC)jcardazzi
 * Yes check.svg Done  True CRaysball  | #RaysUp 19:36, 6 August 2015 (UTC)

Loo
How were sanitation issues dealt with in ancient times? Modern stadiums rarely get this right. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Which Hazel? (talk • contribs) 01:31, 4 October 2015 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 5 March 2016
1. At the third line it is stated that the Colosseum is "built of concrete and sand". Very wrong!! It is instead "made of travertine stone, tuff, bricks and Roman concrete." Check on 2. The statement "The Colosseum today is now a major tourist attraction in Rome with thousands of tourists each year paying to view the interior arena" should be corrected: the visitors are MILLIONS every year (exactly 6.551.046 in 2015, as from the official Italian Ministry website 3. The restoration mentioned " As of 2014 the restoration is estimated to be complete by 2016" is now finished 4. I would also add among the external links a very complete website on the Colosseum: Much info in this Wiki page seems to have been inspired, if not outright copied, from that website. 5. The Roman Colosseum - wrote by Fabrizio Ghilardi for Italy Travels licensed guide in Rome - — Preceding unsigned comment added by Panterina55 (talk • contribs) 14:44, 8 June 2016 (UTC)

Zoraidex52 (talk) 22:24, 5 March 2016 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format.  B E C K Y S A Y L E S  05:48, 15 March 2016 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 April 2016
174.21.215.33 (talk) 19:59, 16 April 2016 (UTC) Add clarification that the "Vancouver Library" is in British Columbia. There is another Vancouver in Washington. They should not be confused with each other.
 * ✅ Stick to sources!  Paine   19:10, 18 April 2016 (UTC)

Not possible
I wanted to edit and make corrections. Why is this not possible? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2001:14BA:1AF4:1E00:19B1:65C4:75B9:881 (talk) 23:00, 22 June 2016 (UTC)
 * When you open the editing page there should be a pink box near the top of the page that explains this. Due to persistent vandalism, the Colosseum article has been protected, which means in this case that only autoconfirmed editors can make changes to it.  Please check out the links in that pink box to find out what other options are, and welcome to Wikipedia!  Wikipedian Sign Language  Paine   23:49, 29 June 2016 (UTC)

Unskilled labour vs Roman builders
"Along with this free source of unskilled labor, teams of professional Roman builders, engineers, artists, painters and decorators undertook the more specialized tasks necessary for building the Colosseum."

What is the source of this asertion? The assumption here is that all of the slaves brought from Judea were unskilled, and that Romans provided the skill sets for the construction. However, Herod's Temple "...was one of the larger construction projects of the 1st century BCE. Josephus records that Herod was interested in perpetuating his name through building projects, that his construction programs were extensive and paid for by heavy taxes, but that his masterpiece was the Temple of Jerusalem." Construction technology, engineering principles, artistic styles, painting and decorative techniques were all well known and used in Judea, so the slave labour was not necessarily just for heavy lifting physical labour. Crock81 (talk) 23:36, 23 August 2016 (UTC)

Do you have any sources to back up this claim? The article on Herod's Temple claims that Herod built it using Greek, Roman, and Egyptian architects. Plus there are no major building projects in Palestine on that scale beforehand so I don't know if you can really say for sure that they had the same level of engineering skills as the Roman's did. Besides, as amphitheaters were a specifically roman type of building it makes far more sense that Roman engineers were the ones who designed it. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2600:1700:69C1:2A00:9102:9936:85D2:3A26 (talk) 01:18, 28 September 2018 (UTC)

"damage caused by ... stone-robbers"
... the article states. Some maybe, but. After the 1349 quake, the population had dwindled to ~17,000. But 'stone-robbers'??

"In the XIV century the Orsini and Colonna families were granted permission to remove stones and marble." Sometime after 1382, "the Arciconfraternita was granted the concession of the materials of the amphitheatre, a great source of profit.... In 1439 the Colosseum travertine was used to build the tribune of St. John's Lateran. It was then that the removal of marble, stones and bricks really started, and it lasted for generations. Many palaces and churches were built with stones taken from the Colosseum. It is reported (Lugli) that, in the year 1451-1452 alone, 2.522 cartloads were taken from the site to be used for buildings of the Vatican and for the walls of Rome." (Source) Some pretty upscale 'robbers'. Twang (talk) 23:17, 1 November 2016 (UTC)

Upgrade data
I'm wondering how (if is possible) to upgrade the information in this section adding my recent scientific issue...

Thank you Farre1975 (talk) 16:33, 18 December 2016 (UTC)

External links modified
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Semi-protected edit request on 4 October 2017
The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators,[5][6] having an average audience of some 65,000;[7][8] it was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles (for only a short time as the hypogeum was soon filled in with mechanisms to support the other activities), animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. In the interval, criminals were often brought out to kill each other and later Christians were sent in, defenseless, to face lions and other wild animals. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.

Freeman, Charles, et al. The World of the Romans. Kew, Vic., 1997. Pivaralj (talk) 05:36, 4 October 2017 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format. Sparkling Pessimist   Scream at me!  05:51, 4 October 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 13 November 2017
what is this:/ Mac3377 (talk) 01:24, 13 November 2017 (UTC)

 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: @Mac3377: If there's something specific that needs changed, you need to tell us specifically what it is. —C.Fred (talk) 01:26, 13 November 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 November 2017
the first paragraph states that the Colosseum is "Built of concrete and sand,[1]". Could you please change this to "concrete and stone"? Sand is a component of concrete, not a building material per se - the reference used to support the claim actually says it.

Thanks. 192.76.8.87 (talk) 15:40, 15 November 2017 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done Thank you for your effort to improve this article. — KuyaBriBri Talk 15:52, 15 November 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 15 November 2017
the first paragraph states that the Colosseum is "Built of concrete and sand,[1]". Could you please change this to "travertine, tuff and brick-faced concrete"? Source: p. 81 of LANCASTER L. C. (2005), The process of building the Colosseum: the site, materials, and construction techniques, Journal of Roman Archaeology 18: 57-82.

Thanks. 192.76.8.87 (talk) 15:52, 15 November 2017 (UTC)
 * ✅. I apologize that it took so long to get a response to this request.  City O f  Silver  17:53, 23 November 2017 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 November 2017
The Colosseum or Coliseum (/kɒləˈsiːəm/ Kol-ə-SEE-əm), also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre (Latin: Amphitheatrum Flavium; Italian: Anfiteatro Flavio [aŋfiteˈaːtro ˈflaːvjo] or Colosseo [kolosˈsɛːo]), is an elliptical amphitheater in the center of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of travertine, tuff, and brick-faced concrete,[1] it is the largest amphitheater ever built. The Colosseum is situated just east of the Roman Forum. Construction began under emperor Vespasian in AD 72,[2] and was completed in AD 80 under his successor and heir Titus.[3] Further modifications were made during the reign of Domitian (81–96).[4] These three emperors are known as the Flavian dynasty, and the amphitheater was named in Latin for its association with their family name (Flavius).

The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators,[5][6] having an average audience of some 65,000 [7][8]. The Colosseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles (for only a short time as the hypogeum was soon filled in with mechanisms to support the other activities), animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.

Although partially ruined because of damage caused by earthquakes and stone-robbers, the Colosseum is still an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome. It is one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions and also has links to the Roman Catholic Church, as each Good Friday the Pope leads a torchlit "Way of the Cross" procession that starts in the area around the Colosseum.[9]

The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.

The Colosseum The Colosseum's original Latin name was Amphitheatrum Flavium, often anglicized as Flavian Amphitheatre. The building was constructed by emperors of the Flavian dynasty, following the reign of Nero.[10] This name is still used in modern English, but generally, the structure is better known as the Colosseum. In antiquity, Romans may have referred to the Colosseum by the unofficial name Amphitheatrum Caesareum (with Caesareum an adjective about the title Caesar). But this name may have been strictly poetic[11][12] as it was not exclusive to the Colosseum; Vespasian and Titus, builders of the Colosseum, also constructed an amphitheater of the same name in Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli).[13]

The name Colosseum has long been believed to be derived from a colossal statue of Nero nearby[4] (the figure of Nero was named after the Colossus of Rhodes).[citation needed] This statue was later remodeled by Nero's successors into the likeness of Helios (Sol) or Apollo, the sun god, by adding the appropriate solar crown. Nero's head was also replaced several times with the leaders of succeeding emperors. Despite its pagan links, the statue remained standing well into the medieval era and was credited with magical powers. It came to be seen as an iconic symbol of the permanence of Rome.

In the 8th century, a famous epigram attributed to the Venerable Bede celebrated the symbolic significance of the statue in a prophecy. The icon read: Quamdiu stat Colisæus, stat et Roma; Quando cadet colisæus, cadet et Roma; Quando cadet Roma, cadet et mundus. ("as long as the Colossus stands, so shall Rome; when the Colossus falls, Rome shall fall; when Rome falls, so falls the world").[14] This is often mistranslated to refer to the Colosseum rather than the Colossus (as in, for instance, Byron's poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage). However, at the time that the Pseudo-Bede wrote, the masculine noun coliseus was applied to the statue rather than to what was still known as the Flavian amphitheater. They also played Basketball here.

The Colossus did eventually fall, possibly being pulled down to reuse its bronze. By the year 1000, the name "Colosseum" had been coined to refer to the amphitheater. The statue itself was largely forgotten, and only its base survives, situated between the Colosseum and the nearby Temple of Venus and Roma.[15] 67.245.52.7 (talk) 02:52, 29 November 2017 (UTC)
 * ❌. Is there a request anywhere here?  City O f  Silver  06:08, 29 November 2017 (UTC)

Terror attack
Can someone add this to the article? It happened in 2015.

http://metro.co.uk/2015/07/15/tourist-forced-to-her-knees-at-knifepoint-at-romes-colosseum-5296614/ — Preceding unsigned comment added by 101.178.163.208 (talk) 08:22, 20 April 2018 (UTC)

Anfiteatro: Wrong Pronunciation
Anfiteatro Flavio is provided the IPA pronunciation [aŋfiteˈaːtro ˈflaːvjo].

This is wrong. According to this scheme, the Italian pronunciation ought to be angfi-; whereas in fact, it's closer to amfi-.

Could somebody please alter this? I would alter it myself; only I just know somebody would get their knickers in a twist about it! Nuttyskin (talk) 13:45, 2 July 2018 (UTC)

Images
There's far too many of them; see WP:IMGDD; also WP:SANDWICH. And—slightly tongue-in-cheek, but knowing the passion of some editors for filling the "IPC" section over anything else—there's no mention of Ben Hur...! —— SerialNumber  54129  08:29, 26 October 2018 (UTC)

Updated official website link - appears to be only in Italian
The previous URL for official website was a dead link - http://archeoroma.beniculturali.it/en/archaeological-site/colosseum

I updated it to the link from the Italian version of this page - http://colosseo.beniculturali.it/ - but this appears to be only available in Italian. The closest English page I could find was http://musei.beniculturali.it/en/museums?mid=385&nome=parco-archeologico-del-colosseo-foro-romano-e-palatino - this may be a better choice.

Rattle (talk) 00:33, 28 October 2018 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 20 July 2019
The opening sentence of the 'name' section is incorrect. The name "Flavian amphitheater" derives from the Flavian dynasty (Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian) who built the structure -- not from Nero, who was a Julio-Claudian and who died before the amphitheater was built. It's the name "Colosseum" derives from Nero's statue, as is correctly noted below in the same section.

Here's a suggested revision which corrects the mistake:

The Colosseum's original Latin name was Amphitheatrum Flavium, often anglicized as "Flavian Amphitheatre", after the emperors of the Flavian dynasty who presided over its construction[13]. This name is still used in modern English, but generally the structure is better known as the Colosseum. In antiquity, Romans may have referred to the Colosseum by the unofficial name Amphitheatrum Caesareum (with Caesareum an adjective pertaining to the title Caesar), but this name may have been strictly poetic[14][15] as it was not exclusive to the Colosseum; Vespasian and Titus, builders of the Colosseum, also constructed an amphitheater of the same name in Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli).[16] Theodox (talk) 00:03, 21 July 2019 (UTC)
 * Pictogram voting wait.svg Already done Not exactly as suggested but the first sentence now does not say the name derives from Nero. Alduin2000 (talk) 01:43, 13 August 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 16 November 2019
Under section 2.1 Construction, inauguration, and Roman renovations there seems to be a spelling error: "...it would, nonetheless, be commensurate with Roman practice to add humiliation to the defeat population." This should be defeated Puffingpiper (talk) 09:18, 16 November 2019 (UTC)
 * Yes check.svg Done: please see Special:Diff/926429740. Thanks, NiciVampireHeart 09:30, 16 November 2019 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 11 April 2020
The user Nerbys seems to have changed all references to AD within the article to CE in violation of MOS:ERA. This change should be reverted, but since the page is semi-protected I can't do that. — Preceding unsigned comment added by KeyShift (talk • contribs) 18:18, 11 April 2020 (UTC)

Citation 1 is dead
the first citation now takes you to one of those spam wordpress blogs. should be replaced with http://web.archive.org/web/20120504051824/http://roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/building-the-colosseum.htm right? thx — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2601:204:E780:D3B0:3504:3491:737B:1F19 (talk) 23:54, 1 September 2020 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 12 April 2021
The date formatting in years of this article is greatly inconsistent, as in the preface / introduction a year was marked as "AD ##", later "## AD", "## BC" abd even "## CE". Considering the controversial nature of the BC&endash;AD year notation doctrine, I request that all dates be revised to "## CE / BCE".

Thank you, and have a good day. 32.208.214.144 (talk) 01:35, 12 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done for now: please establish a consensus for this alteration before using the template. That seems like a non-trivial change.  Please get consensus from other editors first.  RudolfRed (talk) 02:40, 12 April 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 24 April 2021
At the lead section, third paragraph, first sentence: Although substantially ruined because of earthquakes and stone-robbers (for spolia), the Colosseum is still an iconic symbol of Imperial Rome and was listed as one of the New7Wonders of the World.

Please change New7Wonders of the World to New 7 Wonders of the World.

2800:810:565:8B57:251E:90A0:F485:F05B (talk) 04:00, 24 April 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: New7Wonders seems to be how the event was branded. It does not appear to be an error or a typo.  Mel ma nn   06:22, 24 April 2021 (UTC)

Main image
The image on the infobox has been changed some months ago for some reason. I think the classic photo by Diliff (this is the cleaned-up version, while this is the original) is still the best one—it also has been recognized as a quality image and as a featured image by the Commons community. That said, if it were another featured picture of the exterior, I would definitely consider it. I would like to hear other opinions on this. --Lion-hearted85 (talk) 18:39, 19 May 2021 (UTC)
 * Undoubtedly much better this one, in daylight, more definition.Greetings.--KingPhoto (talk) 18:22, 21 May 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 June 2021
In the section Arena and Hypogeum, one picture says Hypogeum is "latin for underground", it's not, is Greek for Underground. 190.22.238.171 (talk) 22:21, 9 June 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅, and thank you very much, that's a good catch!  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 22:48, 9 June 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 9 July 2021
The Medieval section mentions "The bronze clamps which held the stonework" but the Exterior section says "they were held together by 300 tons of iron clamps". This seems inconsistent. The clamps are iron, see. Please change "The bronze clamps which held the stonework" to "The iron clamps which held the stonework". 70.79.157.237 (talk) 19:55, 9 July 2021 (UTC)
 * ✅, and thank you for the good catch!  P.I. Ellsworth   ed.  put'r there 01:51, 10 July 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 4 September 2021
It says the jewish slaves in Rome were  unskilled workers when they were obviously professional stonemason and magnificent structure builders  for over 1000 years 2A02:A212:9500:2E80:7587:9801:658:E4D9 (talk) 18:21, 4 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 21:27, 4 September 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 29 September 2021
it says thousands of people visit each year, but really millions do 168.99.199.37 (talk) 00:14, 29 September 2021 (UTC)
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: please provide reliable sources that support the change you want to be made. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 00:52, 29 September 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 3 October 2021
I would really like to have edit access to this Wiki Page in order to add some extra information which would be useful for the students studying. Dakshazad05 (talk) 13:06, 3 October 2021 (UTC)
 * Full-protection-shackle-no-text.svg Not done: requests for decreases to the page protection level should be directed to the protecting admin or to Requests for page protection if the protecting admin is not active or has declined the request. ScottishFinnishRadish (talk) 13:25, 3 October 2021 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 21 October 2021
The white house 220.232.144.125 (talk) 03:48, 21 October 2021 (UTC)

 * Red question icon with gradient background.svg Not done: it's not clear what changes you want to be made. Please mention the specific changes in a "change X to Y" format and provide a reliable source if appropriate. Signed, I Am Chaos (talk) 04:00, 21 October 2021 (UTC)

Shouldn't much of the text about Colossus of Nero be moved?
In the Name section, there are three paragraphs at the end with detailed information about the statue Colossus of Nero and how its name has been confused with the Colosseum amphitheatre. Shouldn't much of this text be moved to Colossus of Nero with just a reference to the naming confusion remaining in this page? Jimdmurphy (talk) 13:24, 10 August 2022 (UTC)

Collossuem
Was it just made for gladiators or anything else?? 162.154.151.144 (talk) 20:25, 17 December 2021 (UTC)

 * See first sentence of Colosseum, which answers your question. Also see WP:NOTAFORUM point 4 for a better place to ask. The Crab Who Played With The Sea (talk) 04:02, 25 December 2021 (UTC)

Team-B-Vital Improvement Drive
Hello all!

This article has been chosen as this fortnight's effort for WP:Discord's #team-b-vital channel, a collaborative effort to bring Vital articles up to a B class if possible, similar to WP:Articles for Improvement. This effort will run for up to seven days, ending early if the article is felt to be at B-class or impossible to further improve. Articles are chosen by a quick vote among interested chatters, with the goal of working together on interesting Vital articles that need improving.

Thank you! Rema goxer (talk) 22:16, 31 March 2022 (UTC)

Colosseum
After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, A series of earthquakes during the fith century damaged the structure.It also suffered form neglect.By the 29th century nearly two third of the original building destroyed. 2A02:C7C:5172:5700:1CE9:4730:5275:8968 (talk) 17:50, 20 November 2022 (UTC)

A Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion
The following Wikimedia Commons file used on this page or its Wikidata item has been nominated for deletion: Participate in the deletion discussion at the nomination page. —Community Tech bot (talk) 02:45, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
 * Colosseum and Arch of Constantine seen from Palatine.jpg

Semi-protected edit request on 28 September 2023
184.179.123.119 (talk) 19:35, 28 September 2023 (UTC) please add some fortnite refferences
 * Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Uh no. ARandomName123 (talk)Ping me! 19:37, 28 September 2023 (UTC)

Semi-protected edit request on 28 October 2023
Hello 1. I suggest to change the URL at note no. 41 - Now the URL is https://the-colosseum.net/wp/en/ It should be: https://the-colosseum.net/wp/en/christian-martyrs/ 2. I also suggest to add the website "The-Colosseum.net" (URL https://the-colosseum.net/wp/en/) to the Links, as it is a very complete website with many documents and studies regarding the Colosseum. Zoraidex52 (talk) 14:54, 28 October 2023 (UTC)
 * 1. Red information icon with gradient background.svg Not done: Relevant material removed as failing verification.
 * 2. ✅ — Sirdog (talk) 00:53, 5 November 2023 (UTC)

Restoration
Should anything about the ongoing restoration be added to the article? https://www.cntraveler.com/story/how-italys-monuments-are-getting-a-makeover Startrain844 (talk) 18:35, 2 February 2024 (UTC) The colleseum is in Italy Rome — Preceding unsigned comment added by 2806:2F0:91A1:F5B4:D9FD:F387:4D8:1D18 (talk) 21:43, 20 March 2024 (UTC)

title: Talk:Colosseum


text:
Pope Liberius

Pope Liberius (310 – 24 September 366) was the bishop of Rome from 17 May 352 until his death. According to the Catalogus Liberianus, he was consecrated on 22 May as the successor to Julius I. He is not mentioned as a saint in the Roman Martyrology. That makes him the earliest pontiff not to be venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church and, along with Anastasius II, one of only two popes to be omitted from Catholic sainthood in the first 500 years of church history.

Liberius is mentioned in the Greek Menology, the Eastern equivalent to the martyrologies of the Western Church and a measure of sainthood prior to the institution of the formal Western processes of canonization.

Pontificate
The first recorded act of Liberius was, after a synod had been held at Rome, to write to Emperor Constantius II, then in quarters at Arles (353–354), asking that a council might be called at Aquileia with reference to the affairs of Athanasius of Alexandria, but his messenger Vincentius of Capua was compelled by the emperor at a conciliabulum held in Arles to subscribe against his will to a condemnation of the orthodox patriarch of Alexandria.

Constantius was sympathetic to the Arians, and when he could not persuade Liberius to his point of view sent the pope to a prison in Beroea. At the end of an exile of more than two years in Thrace, after which it seems he may have temporarily relented, or been set up to appear to have relented – partially evidenced by three letters, quite possibly forgeries, ascribed to Liberius, the emperor recalled him under extreme pressure from the Roman population who refused to recognize his puppet, Felix II. As the Roman See was "officially" occupied by Felix, a year passed before Liberius was sent to Rome. It was the emperor's intention that Liberius should govern the Church jointly with Felix, but on the arrival of Liberius, Felix was expelled by the Roman people. Neither Liberius nor Felix took part in the Council of Rimini (359).

The return of the Pope from exile was met with joy from the Roman people but it was also met with criticism. The writer Philostorgius says that the Pope Liberius was restored to papacy only after he signed the Second Creed of Sirmium, and although Sozomen claimed that this story was a lie, Hilary of Poitiers reacted by writing concerning the pope: "I know not whether it was with greater impiety that you exiled him than that you restored him" (Contra Const., II). Some of those writers who accept the forged letters and testimonies of Arians, Semi-arians and Luciferians, concede Pope Liberius repented later for having signed the Arian Creed at Sirmium, but that he ever signed is highly doubtful on the basis of a critical examination of the original sources.

After the death of the Emperor Constantius in 361, Liberius annulled the decrees of that assembly but, with the concurrence of bishops Athanasius and Hilary of Poitiers, retained the bishops who had signed and then withdrew their adherence. In 366, Liberius gave a favourable reception to a deputation of the Eastern episcopate, and admitted into his communion the more moderate of the old Arian party. He died on 24 September 366.

Some historians have postulated that Liberius resigned the papacy in 365, in order to make sense of the pontificate of Felix II, who has since been regarded as an antipope.

Legacy
Pope Pius IX noted in his 1863 encyclical Quartus supra that Liberius was falsely accused by the Arians and he had refused to condemn Athanasius of Alexandria. However, Athanasius said that Pope Liberius condemned him after the Emperor Constantius II threatened to kill the Pope. In his 1920 encyclical Principi Apostolorum Petro, Pope Benedict XV noted that Pope Liberius went fearlessly into exile in defence of the orthodox faith.

In the Eastern Orthodox Church, Liberius is a saint whose feast is celebrated on 27 August. In Coptic Christianity, the Departure of St Liberius the Bishop of Rome is commemorated on 4 Pi Kogi Enavot.

The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome is sometimes referred to as the Liberian Basilica.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Pope Liberius


text:
Peugeot

Peugeot is a French brand of automobiles owned by Stellantis. The family business that preceded the current Peugeot companies was founded in 1810, and it is regarded as the oldest car company in the world. On 20 November 1858, Émile Peugeot applied for the lion trademark. Armand Peugeot (1849–1915) built the company's first car steam tricycle. They joined forces with Léon Serpollet in 1886; this was followed in 1890 by an internal combustion car with a Panhard-Daimler engine.

The Peugeot company and family are originally from Sochaux. Peugeot retains a large manufacturing plant and Peugeot museum there.

Peugeot has received many international awards for its vehicles, including six European Car of the Year awards. Peugeot has also been successfully involved in motorsport for more than a century, including victories at the Indianapolis 500 in 1913, 1916, and 1919. Peugeot Sport won the World Rally Championship five times (1985, 1986, 2000, 2001, 2002), the Dakar Rally seven times (1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 2016, 2017, 2018), the 24 Hours of Le Mans three times (1992, 1993, 2009), the World Endurance Championship twice (1992, 1993), the Intercontinental Rally Challenge Championship three times, the Intercontinental Le Mans Cup twice (2010, 2011), and the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb three times (1988, 1989, 2013).

Early manufacturing
The Peugeot family of Valentigney, Montbéliard, Franche-Comté, France began in the manufacturing business in 1810 with a steel foundry, which quickly started manufacturing saws; then other hand tools and, circa 1840 to 1842, coffee grinders; then, in 1874, pepper grinders; and then, circa 1880, bicycles. The company's entry into the vehicle market was by means of stiff, structured petticoats or crinoline dresses, which used steel rods, leading to umbrella frames, chisels, wire wheels, and bicycles. Armand Peugeot introduced his "Le Grand Bi" penny-farthing in 1882, along with a range of other bicycles.

The company's logo, initially a lion walking on an arrow, symbolized the speed, strength, and flexibility of the Peugeot saw blades. The car and motorcycle company and the bicycle company parted ways in 1926, but the family-owned Cycles Peugeot continued to build bicycles throughout the 20th century until the brand name was sold off to unrelated firms. The family-owned firm Peugeot Saveurs continues to make and market grinders and other kitchen and table-service equipment.

Early motor vehicles
Armand Peugeot became interested in the automobile early on and, after meeting with Gottlieb Daimler and others were convinced of its viability. The first Peugeot automobile, a three-wheeled, steam-powered car designed by Léon Serpollet, was produced in 1889; only four examples were made. Steam power was heavy and bulky and required lengthy warmup times. In 1890, after meeting Daimler and Émile Levassor, steam was abandoned in favour of a four-wheeled car with a petrol-fuelled internal combustion engine built by Panhard under Daimler licence. The car was more sophisticated than many of its contemporaries, with a three-point suspension and a sliding-gear transmission. An example was sold to the young Alberto Santos-Dumont, who exported it to Brazil.

More cars followed, 29 being built in 1892, 40 in 1894, 72 in 1895, 156 in 1898, and 300 in 1899. These early models were given "type" numbers. Peugeot became the first manufacturer to fit rubber tyres (solid, rather than pneumatic) to a petrol-powered car. Due to family discord, Armand Peugeot founded the Société des Automobiles Peugeot, in 1896, but in 1910 it was merged back with the family's Peugeot bicycle and motorcycle business.

Peugeot was an early pioneer in motor racing, with Albert Lemaître winning the world's first motor race, the Paris–Rouen, in a 3 hp Peugeot. Five Peugeots qualified for the main event, and all finished. Lemaître finished 3 min 30 sec behind the Comte de Dion whose steam-powered car was ineligible for the official competition. Three Peugeots were entered in the Paris–Bordeaux–Paris, where they were beaten by Panhard's car (despite an average speed of 20.8 km/h and taking the 31,500 franc prize). This also marked the debut of Michelin pneumatic tyres in racing, also on a Peugeot; they proved insufficiently durable. Nevertheless, the vehicles were still very much horseless carriages in appearance and were steered by a tiller.

In 1896, the first Peugeot engines were built; no longer were they reliant on Daimler. Designed by Rigoulot, the first engine was an 8 hp horizontal twin fitted to the back of the Type 15. It also served as the basis of a nearly exact copy produced by Rochet-Schneider. Further improvements followed: the engine moved to the front on the Type 48 and was soon under a bonnet at the front of the car, instead of hidden underneath; the steering wheel was adopted on the Type 36, and they began to look more like the modern car.

Also in 1896, Armand Peugeot broke away from Les Fils de Peugeot Frères to form his own company, Société Anonyme des Automobiles Peugeot, building a new factory at Audincourt to focus entirely on cars. In 1899, sales hit 300; total car sales for all of France that year were 1,200. The same year, Lemaître won the Nice-Castellane-Nice Rally in a special 5850 cc 20 hp racer.

At the 1901 Paris Salon, Peugeot debuted a tiny shaft-driven 652 cc 5 hp one-cylinder, dubbed "Bébé" ("baby"), and shed its conservative image, becoming a style leader. After placing 19th in the 1902 Paris-Vienna Rally with a 50 hp 11322 cc racer, and failing to finish with two similar cars, Peugeot quit racing.

In 1898, Peugeot Motocycles presents at the Paris Motorshow the first motorcycle equipped with a Dion-Bouton motor. Peugeot Motocycles remains the oldest motorcycle manufacturer in the world.

Peugeot added motorcycles to its range in 1901, and they have been built under the Peugeot name ever since. By 1903, Peugeot produced half of the cars built in France, and they offered the 5 hp Bébé, a 6.5 hp four-seater, and an 8 hp and 12 hp resembling contemporary Mercedes models.

The 1907 salon showed Peugeot's first six-cylinder and marked Tony Huber joining as an engine builder. By 1910, Peugeot's product line included a 1149 cc two-cylinder and six four-cylinders, of between two and six liters. In addition, a new factory opened the same year at Sochaux, which became the main plant in 1928.

A more famous name, Ettore Bugatti, designed the new 850 cc four-cylinder Bébé of 1912. The same year, Peugeot returned to racing with a team of three driver-engineers (a breed typical of the pioneer period, exemplified by Enzo Ferrari among others): Jules Goux (graduate of Arts et Metiers, Paris), Paolo Zuccarelli (formerly of Hispano-Suiza), and Georges Boillot (collectively called Les Charlatans), with 26-year-old Swiss engineer Ernest Henry to make their ideas reality. The company decided voiturette (light car) racing was not enough, and chose to try grandes épreuves (grand touring). They did so with an engineering tour de force: a dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) 7.6-liter four-cylinder (110x200 mm) with four valves per cylinder. It proved faster than other cars of its time, and Boillot won the 1912 French Grand Prix at an average of 68.45 mph, despite losing third gear and taking a 20-minute pit stop. In May 1913, Goux took one to Indianapolis, and won at an average of 75.92 mph, recording straightaway speeds of 93.5 mph. making Peugeot the first non-American-based auto company to win at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway. In 1914, Boillot's 3-liter L5 set a new Indy lap record of 99.5 mph, and Duray placed second (beaten by ex-Peugeot ace René Thomas in a 6235 cc Delage). Another (driven by Boillot's brother, André) placed in 1915; similar models won in 1916 (Dario Resta) and 1919 (Howdy Wilcox).

For the 1913 French Grand Prix, an improved L5 (with 5655 cc engine) was produced with a pioneering ballbearing crankshaft, gear-driven camshafts, and dry sump lubrication, all of which soon became standard on racing cars; Zuccarelli was killed during testing on public roads, but Boillot easily won the event, making him (and Peugeot) the race's first double winner. For the 1914 French GP, Peugeot was overmatched by Mercedes, and despite a new innovation, four-wheel brakes (against the Mercedes' rear-only), Georges proved unable to match them and the car broke down. (Surprisingly, a 1914 model turned a 103 mph lap in practice at Indy in 1949, yet it failed to qualify.) Peugeot was more fortunate in 1915, winning at the French GP and Vanderbilt Cup.

During the First World War, Peugeot turned largely to arms production, becoming a major manufacturer of arms and military vehicles, from armoured cars and bicycles to shells. Between 1917 and 1920 the company produced 4,084 Type 1525 trucks.

Interwar years
After the war, car production resumed in earnest. Racing continued as well, with Boillot entering the 1919 Targa Florio in a 2.5-liter (150-in3) car designed for an event pre-empted by World War I; the car had 200000 km on it, yet Boillot won with an impressive drive (the best of his career) Peugeots in his hands were third in the 1925 Targa, first in the 1922 and 1925 Coppa Florios, first in the 1923 and 1925 Touring Car Grands Prix, and first at the 1926 Spa 24 Hours. Peugeot introduced a five-valve-per-cylinder, triple-overhead-cam engine for the Grand Prix, conceived by Marcel Gremillon (who had criticised the early DOHC), but the engine was a failure.

The same year, Peugeot debuted 10 hp and 14 hp fours, the larger based on the Type 153, and a 6-liter 25 hp sleeve valve six, as well as a new cyclecar, La Quadrilette.

During the 1920s, Peugeot expanded, in 1926 splitting the cycle (pedal and motor) business off to form Cycles Peugeot, the consistently profitable cycle division seeking to free itself from the rather more cyclical auto business, and taking over the defunct Bellanger and De Dion companies in 1927. In 1928, the Type 183 was introduced.  ''Peugeot Sochaux production (units):
 * 1930 43,303
 * 1931 33,322
 * 1932 28,317

 * Soon after the timely introduction of the Peugeot 201, the Great Depression hit all the French auto-makers: Peugeot sales slumped, but the company survived.

New for 1929 was the Peugeot 201, the cheapest car on the French market, and the first to use the later Peugeot trademark (and registered as such)—three digits with a central zero. The 201 would get independent front suspension in 1931, Soon afterwards, the Depression hit; Peugeot sales decreased, but the company survived. The Peugeot system of using three-digit names with a central 0 was introduced in 1929. The first digit has always signified the car's size and the final digit has indicated the generation of the vehicle.

In 1933, attempting a revival of fortune, the company unveiled a new, aerodynamically styled range. In 1934, Peugeot introduced the 402 BL Éclipse Décapotable, the first convertible with a retractable hardtop — an idea followed later by the Ford Skyliner in the 1950s and revived in the modern era by the Mitsubishi 3000GT Spyder in 1995. More recently, many manufacturers have offered retractable hardtops, including Peugeot itself with the 206-cc.

Three models of the 1930s were the Peugeot 202, Peugeot 302, and Peugeot 402. These cars had curvaceous designs, with headlights behind sloping grille bars, evidently inspired by the Chrysler Airflow. The 2.1-liter 402 entered production in 1935 and was produced until the end of 1941, despite France's occupation by the Nazis. For 1936, the new Airflow-inspired 302 (which ran until 1938) and a 402-based large model, designed by Andrean, featured a vertical fin and bumper, with the first high-mounted taillight. The entry-level 202 was built in series from 1938 to 1942, and about 20 more examples were built from existing stocks of supplies in February 1945. The 202 lifted Peugeot's sales in 1939 to 52,796, just behind Citroën. Regular production began again in mid-1946, and lasted into 1949.

During World War II
Peugeot assisted and manufacturing armored vehicles.

After World War II
In 1946, the company restarted car production with the 202, delivering 14,000 copies. In 1947, Peugeot introduced the Peugeot 203, with coil springs, rack-and-pinion steering, and hydraulic brakes. The 203 set new Peugeot sales records, remaining in production until 1960.

Peugeot took over Chenard-Walcker in 1950, having already been required to acquire a controlling interest in Automobiles Hotchkiss in 1942. A popular model introduced in 1955 was the Peugeot 403. With a 1.5-liter engine, it sold one million copies by the end of its production run in 1962, famously including one cabriolet/convertible driven by TV detective Columbo.

The company began selling cars in the United States in 1958, and in 1960 introduced the Peugeot 404, which used a 1618 cc engine, tilted 45 degrees. The 404 proved rugged enough to win the East African Safari Rally four times, in 1963, 1966, 1967, and 1968.

More models followed, many styled by Pininfarina, such as the 504, one of Peugeot's most distinctive models. Like many European manufacturers, collaboration with other firms increased; Peugeot worked with Renault from 1966 and Volvo from 1972. The results of this cooperation included the development of the V6 PRV engine, which was first manufactured in 1974.

Several Peugeot models were assembled in Australia, commencing with the 203 in 1953. These were followed by 403, 404 and 504 models with Australian assembly ending with the 505 in the early 1980s.

Takeover of Citroën and Chrysler Europe
In 1974, Peugeot bought a 30% share of Citroën and took over it completely in 1975 after the French government gave large sums of money to the new company. Citroën was in financial trouble because it developed too many radical new models for its financial resources. Some of them, notably the Citroën SM and the Comotor Wankel engine venture proved unprofitable. Others, the Citroën CX and Citroën GS for example, proved very successful in the marketplace.

The joint parent company became the PSA Peugeot Citroën group, which aimed to keep separate identities for both the Peugeot and Citroën brands while sharing engineering and technical resources. Peugeot thus briefly controlled the Italian Maserati marque, but disposed of it in May 1975.

The group then took over the European division of Chrysler (which were formerly Rootes and Simca) in 1978 as the American auto manufacturer struggled to survive. Soon, the whole Chrysler/Simca range was sold under the revived Talbot badge until the production of Talbot-branded passenger cars was shelved in 1987 and on commercial vehicles in 1992.

1980s and 1990s

In 1983, Peugeot launched the successful Peugeot 205 supermini, which is largely credited for turning the company's fortunes around. The 205 was regularly the bestselling car in France, and was also very popular in other parts of Europe, including Britain, where sales regularly topped 50,000 a year by the late 1980s. It won plaudits for its styling, ride and handling. It remained on sale in many markets until 1998, overlapping with the introduction of the 106 in 1991, and ceasing production at the launch of the 206, the best-selling Peugeot model of all time, with 8,358,217 cars sold by 2012.

As part of the Guangzhou Peugeot Automobile Company (GPAC) joint venture, the Peugeot 504 and 505 were built in China from 1985 to 1997.

By 1987, the company had dropped the Talbot brand for passenger cars when it ceased production of the Simca-based Horizon, Alpine, and Solara models, as well as the Talbot Samba supermini which was based on the Peugeot 104. What was to be called the Talbot Arizona became the Peugeot 309, with the former Rootes plant in Ryton and Simca plant in Poissy being turned over for Peugeot assembly. Producing Peugeots in Ryton was significant, as it signalled the first time Peugeots would be built in Britain. The 309 was the first Peugeot-badged hatchback of its size, and sold well across Europe. The 309's successor, the 306, was also built at Ryton.

The 405 saloon was launched in 1987 to compete with the likes of the Ford Sierra, and was voted European Car of the Year. This, too, was a very popular car across Europe, and continued to be available in Africa and Asia after it was replaced by the 406 nearly a decade later. Production of the 405 in Europe was divided between Britain and France, although its 406 successor was only produced in France. The 106, Peugeot's entry-level model from 1991, was also produced solely in France.

The Talbot name survived for a little longer on commercial vehicles until 1992 before being shelved completely. As experienced by other European volume car makers, Peugeot's United States and Canadian sales faltered and finally became uneconomical, as the Peugeot 505 design aged. For a time, distribution in the Canadian market was handled by Chrysler. Several ideas to turn around sales in the United States, such as including the Peugeot 205 in its lineup, were considered but not pursued. In the early 1990s, the newly introduced 405 proved uncompetitive with domestic and import models in the same market segment, and sold less than 1,000 units. Total sales fell to 4,261 units in 1990 and 2,240 through July 1991, which caused the company to cease its U.S. and Canada operations after 33 years.

In 1997, just six years after pulling out of both United States and Canadian markets, Peugeot returned to Mexico after a 36-year absence, under the Chile–Mexico Free Trade Agreement. However, Peugeot models (1997–present) are not to be bought or imported into the United States from Mexico.

2000s to present
On 18 April 2006, PSA Peugeot Citroën announced the closure of the Ryton manufacturing facility in Coventry, England. This announcement resulted in the loss of 2,300 jobs, as well as about 5,000 jobs in the supply chain. The plant produced its last Peugeot 206 on 12 December 2006, and finally closed down in January 2007.

Peugeot set an ambitious target of selling 4 million units annually by the end of the decade. In 2008, its sales stayed below the 2 million mark. In mid-2009, "adverse market and industry conditions" were blamed for falls in sales and operating losses. Christian Streiff was replaced by Philippe Varin (CEO) and Jean-Pierre Ploué (head of design) was transferred from his post at Citroën. In 2009, Peugeot returned to the Canadian market with the scooter brand only.

Peugeot still plans on developing new models to compete in segments where it currently does not compete. Collin claimed that the French automaker competed in 72% of market segments in 2007, but he wanted to get that figure up to 90%. Despite Peugeot's sportscar racing program, the company is not prepared to build a pure sportscar any more hardcore than the RC Z sports-coupe. It is also pursuing government funding to develop a diesel-hybrid drivetrain, which might be key to its expansion.

By 2010, Peugeot planned on pursuing new markets, mainly in China, Russia, and South America. In 2011 it decided to re-enter India after 14 years with a new factory at Sanand, Gujarat.

Peugeot re-entered the Philippines in 2012 after having a short presence in 2005 with distribution done by the Alvarez Group.

In March 2012, General Motors purchased a 7% share in Peugeot for 320 million euros as part of a cooperation aimed at finding savings through joint purchasing and product development. In December 2013, GM sold its entire Peugeot stake, taking a loss of about 70 million euros.

In October 2013, Peugeot closed their production plant at Aulnay-sous-Bois as part of a restructuring plan to reduce overcapacity in the face of a shrinking domestic market. By December 2013, Chinese investors were rumoured to be potential investors. In February 2014, the Peugeot family agreed to give up control of the company by reducing its holdings from 25% to 14%. As part of this agreement, Dongfeng Motors and the French government were each to buy 14% stakes in the company, creating three partners with equal voting rights. The board of directors was to be composed of six independent members, two representatives of each Dongfeng, the French state and the Peugeot family, and two members representing employees and employees shareholders. The French government took the view the deal did not require approval by Brussels as EU competition rules do not count public investment in a company on the same terms as a private investor as state aid. The equity participation by Dongfeng expanded an already budding relationship with Peugeot. The pair at the time were jointly operating three car-manufacturing plants in China, with a capacity of producing 750,000 vehicles a year. In July 2014, the joint venture, Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën, disclosed they were building a fourth factory in China in Chengdu, in Sichuan Province, targeting the manufacture of 300,000 sport-utility and multipurpose vehicles a year, starting towards the end of 2016. In January 2015, Indian multinational automotive giant Mahindra & Mahindra purchased a major stake of 51% of Peugeot Motocycles for a price of 28 million euro.

In 2020, it was announced that a merger of Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA) and PSA is expected to be completed in the first quarter of 2021. The combined company will be called Stellantis. The merger was confirmed on 4 January 2021, after an overwhelming vote of shareholders from both companies and the deal officially closed on 16 January 2021.

Stellantis plants

 * France (Stellantis Poissy Plant): DS 3 Crossback
 * France (Stellantis Mulhouse Plant): Peugeot 2008, Peugeot 508 (Second Generation)
 * France (Stellantis Sochaux Plant): Peugeot 308, Peugeot 3008, Peugeot 5008 (First Generation)
 * France (Stellantis Rennes Plant): Peugeot 508, Peugeot 5008 (Second Generation)
 * Algeria (Oran): Peugeot 208
 * Argentina (Buenos Aires): 208, 308, 408
 * Brazil (Porto Real): Peugeot 208, Peugeot 2008
 * Portugal (Stellantis Mangualde Plant): Peugeot Partner
 * Slovakia (Stellantis Trnava Plant): Peugeot 208
 * Spain (Madrid): 207 Plus, 207 CC
 * Spain (Stellantis Vigo Plant): Peugeot Partner, Peugeot 301

Joint venture and outsourced plants

 * Austria (Graz under contract by Magna Steyr): Peugeot RCZ
 * Azerbaijan (Neftchala assembly under contract to Iran Khodro): 206 and 405
 * China (Wuhan), joint venture Dongfeng Peugeot-Citroën: 206 Plus, 307, 308, 408, 508
 * Czech Republic (Kolín), Toyota Peugeot Citroën Automobile Czech: Peugeot 107, Peugeot 108
 * France (joint venture Sevel Nord near Valenciennes): Peugeot Expert
 * Iran (Tehran) assembly under contract to Iran Khodro: 206, 206 Sedan, 207i (206 plus), 405 and joint venture IKAP: 208, 2008, 301, 508
 * Italy (Atessa), joint venture Sevel: Peugeot Boxer
 * Japan, (Mizushima) under contract by Mitsubishi Motors: Peugeot iOn
 * Malaysia (Gurun) assembly under contract to Naza Automotive Manufacturing: 208, 2008, 308, 408, 508, 5008
 * Netherlands NedCar (former): Peugeot 4007
 * Nigeria fr:Peugeot Automobiles Nigeria: Peugeot 301
 * Russia (Kaluga), joint venture Peugeot Citroën Mitsubishi Automotiv: Peugeot 4007, Peugeot 308 (First Generation)
 * Tunisia (Fouchana): Peugeot Pick Up
 * Turkey (Bursa), under contract by Tofaş: Peugeot Bipper
 * Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh City), joint venture THACO Group: Peugeot 408
 * Pakistan (Karachi), JV Lucky Motors Cooperations: Peugeot 2008

European Car of the Year
Peugeot has produced six winners of the European Car of the Year Four other Peugeot models got either second or third in the contest.
 * 1969 – Peugeot 504
 * 1988 – Peugeot 405
 * 2002 – Peugeot 307
 * 2014 – Peugeot 308
 * 2017 – Peugeot 3008
 * 2020 – Peugeot 208

Women's World Car Of The Year
 * 1980 – Peugeot 505
 * 1984 – Peugeot 205
 * 1996 – Peugeot 406
 * 1999 – Peugeot 206

 * 2022 - Peugeot 308

Semperit Irish Car of the Year award
Peugeot has produced two Car of the Year award winners in Ireland since 1978. It is judged by the Irish Motoring Writers Association (IMWA).
 * 1997 – Peugeot 406
 * 2010 – Peugeot 3008

Car of the Year award in Italy
Peugeot has produced four "Car of the Year Auto Europa" award winners in Italy in 28 years, since 1987. "Auto Europa" is the prize awarded by the jury of the Italian Union of Automotive Journalists (UIGA), which annually celebrates the best car produced at least at 10,000 units in the 27 countries of the European Union, and sold between September and August the previous year.
 * 2007 – Peugeot 207
 * 2010 – Peugeot 3008
 * 2013 – Peugeot 208
 * 2014 – Peugeot 2008
 * 2015 – Peugeot 308

Car of the Year award in Spain
Peugeot has produced nine Car of the year award winners in Spain in 40 years, since 1974.
 * 1981 – Talbot Horizon
 * 1985 – Peugeot 205
 * 1999 – Peugeot 206
 * 2002 – Peugeot 307
 * 2005 – Peugeot 407
 * 2006 – Peugeot 1007
 * 2007 – Peugeot 207
 * 2012 – Peugeot 508
 * 2013 – Peugeot 208

Best Used Small Car of the Year

 * 2022 – Peugeot 208

Best-Selling Car in Europe

 * 2022 – Peugeot 208

Numbers

 * 100-Series: 104 (1972–1988), 106 (1991–2003), 107 (2005–2014), 108 (2014–2021)
 * 200-Series: 201 (1929–1937), 202 (1938–1949), 203 (1948–1960), 204 (1965–1976), 205 (1983–1998), 206 (1998–2013), 207 (2006–2014), 208 (2012–present)
 * 300-Series: 301 (Original) (1932–1936), 302 (1936–1938), 304 (1969–1980), 305 (1977–1989), 309 (1985–1994), 306 (1993–2002), 307 (2001–2008), 308 (2007–present), 301 (Africa/Balkans/China/Central Europe/Eastern Europe/Kazakhstan/Latin America/Middle East/Spain/Taiwan) (2012–present)
 * 400-Series: 401 (1934–1935), 402 (1935–1942), 403 (1955–1966), 404 (1960–1975), 405 (1987–1997), 406 (1995–2004), 407 (2004–2011), 408 (2010–present)
 * 500-Series: 504 (1968–1983), 505 (1979–1992), 508 (2010–present)
 * 600-Series: 601 (1934–1935), 604 (1975–1985), 605 (1989–1999), 607 (1999–2010)
 * 800-Series: 806 (1994–2002), 807 (2002–2014)
 * 900-Series: 905 (1990–1993), 908 (2011), 9X8 (2022)
 * 1000-Series: 1007 (2004–2009)
 * 2000-Series: 2008 (2013–present)
 * 3000-Series: 3008 (2008–present)
 * 4000-Series: 4007 (2007–2012), 4008 (Europe) (2012–2016), 4008 (China) (2016–present)
 * 5000-Series: 5008 (2009–present)

Others

 * Bipper
 * Boxer
 * DMA/DMAH
 * D3/D3A
 * D4/D4A
 * Expert
 * Hoggar (a pickup designed and manufactured in Brazil since 2010)
 * J5/J7/J9
 * P4
 * Pars (also known as Persia)
 * Partner
 * RCZ (2010)
 * Type 15
 * VLV
 * iOn
 * Pick Up

Electric and hybrid vehicles

Peugeot presented a new concept hybrid electric sports sedan at the 2008 Paris Motor Show called the Peugeot RC HYmotion4. Similar to the drivetrain model used in the upcoming Chevrolet Volt, the RC concept promises the ability to run solely on electric power for extended periods, with a hybrid electric powertrain filling in the gaps when extra range is needed. The RC HYmotion4 includes a 70-kW electric motor at the front wheels. The Peugeot Prologue HYmotion4 was also shown at the 2008 Paris show and is in many ways the opposite of the RC HYmotion4 concept. The Prologue puts the internal combustion engine up front and runs on diesel instead of gasoline, with the electric motor going at the back.

The Peugeot BB1 is an electric concept car with in-wheel motors in its rear wheels first shown in September 2009 at the Frankfurt Motor Show.

In 2010, Peugeot started selling the electric Peugeot iOn, a rebadged and revised version of the Mitsubishi i-MiEV.

Peugeot VELV electric concept car was presented on 26 September 2011.

By 2025, it is expected that 100% of Peugeot models would introduce an electrified variant. It is estimated that by 2030, 100% of Peugeot sold in Europe would be electrified. Along with adopting an all-electricity approach, Peugeot also aims to reduce its emissions. Peugeot's aim is to implement its brand shift to sustainable and environmental-friendly transport solutions.

Early
Peugeot was involved in motorsport from the earliest days and entered five cars for the Paris-Rouen Trials in 1894 with one of them, driven by Lemaître, finishing second (the winning car was a steam-powered car and was therefore disqualified meaning Lemître was promoted to first). These trials are usually regarded as the first motor sporting competition. Participation in a variety of events continued until World War I, but in 1912, Peugeot made its most notable contribution to motor sporting history when one of their cars, driven by Georges Boillot, won the French Grand Prix at Dieppe. This revolutionary car was powered by a straight-4 engine designed by Ernest Henry under the guidance of the technically knowledgeable racing drivers Paul Zuccarelli and Georges Boillot. The design was very influential for racing engines as it featured for the first time DOHC and four valves per cylinder, providing for high engine speeds, a radical departure from previous racing engines which relied on huge displacement for power. In 1913, Peugeots of similar design to the 1912 Grand Prix car won the French Grand Prix at Amiens and the Indianapolis 500. When one of the Peugeot racers remained in the United States during World War I and parts could not be acquired from France for the 1914 season, owner Bob Burman had it serviced in the shop of Harry Miller by a young mechanic named Fred Offenhauser. Their familiarity with the Peugeot engine was the basis of the famed Miller racing engine, which later developed into the Offenhauser.

Rallying
Peugeot Sport is one of the most successful winners in rallying, along with Citroën Racing (eight-time WRC winner), by winning five times the World Rally Championship Manufacturer's Title (1985–1986, 2000–2002), seven times the Dakar Rally (1987–1990, 2016–2018), three times the European Rally Championship (2002–2003, 2008), three times the Intercontinental Rally Challenge (2007–2009).

Peugeot's East African importers had a very impressive record in rallying in the 1960s; Nick Nowicki and Paddy Cliff won the East African Safari in 1963 with a Marshall's-entered 404 sedan. In 1966 and 1967, Tanzania's Tanganyika Motors entered the winning 404 Injection sedan, piloted by the late Bert Shankland and Chris Rothwell. They might have won again in 1968, but while in second place, their engine blew and ultimately Nick Nowicki and Paddy Cliff upheld Peugeot's honour by winning the rally. Peugeot also won the Safari Rally in 1975 (Andersson in a 504 Injection sedan), then, in 1978 (Nicolas in a 504 Coupé V6), both cars being factory team entries.

Peugeot also had further success in international rallying, most notably in the World Rally Championship, with the four-wheel-drive turbo-charged versions of the Peugeot 205, and, more recently, the Peugeot 206. In 1981, Jean Todt, former co-driver for Hannu Mikkola, Timo Mäkinen, and Guy Fréquelin, among others, was asked by Jean Boillot, the head of Automobiles Peugeot, to create a competition department for PSA Peugeot Citroën. The resulting Peugeot Talbot Sport, established at Bois de Boulogne near Paris, debuted its Group B 205 Turbo 16 at the 1984 Tour de Corse in May, and took its first world rally win that same year at the 1000 Lakes Rally in August, in the hands of Ari Vatanen. Excluding an endurance rally where Peugeot were not participating, Vatanen went on win five world rallies in a row.

Peugeot's domination continued in the 1985 season. Despite Vatanen's nearly fatal accident in Argentina, in the middle of the season, his teammate and compatriot Timo Salonen led Peugeot to its first drivers' and manufacturers' world championship titles, well ahead of Audi and their Audi Sport Quattro. In the 1986 season, Vatanen's young replacement Juha Kankkunen beat Lancia's Markku Alén to the drivers' title and Peugeot took its second manufacturers' title ahead of Lancia. Following FIA's banning of Group B cars for 1987, in May after Henri Toivonen's fatal accident, Todt was outraged and even (unsuccessfully) pursued legal action against the federation. Peugeot then switched to rally raids. Using the 205 and a 405, Peugeot won the Dakar Rally four times in a row from 1987 to 1990; three times with Vatanen and once with Kankkunen. In 2015 Peugeot again took part in the Rally Dakar with a newly constructed buggy. For the 2016 Paris-Dakar, Peugeot presented a new team of drivers including 9-time WRC-champion Sébastien Loeb and 12-time Dakar winner Stéphane Peterhansel who managed to win the 2016 edition for the Peugeot factory team in the Peugeot 2008 DKR. The 2017 edition saw Peugeot make the switch to the new 3008 DKR where Peterhansel won the event for the 13th time in a row. On 31 October 2017, Peugeot announced that it would end its program in the Dakar Rally after the 2018 edition in order to focus on its FIA World Rallycross Championship career. The 2018 event would see Peugeot win for the seventh straight time with ex-World Rally Championship driver Carlos Sainz. In 1999, Peugeot returned to the World Rally Championship with the 206 WRC. The car was immediately competitive against such opposition as the Subaru Impreza WRC, the Ford Focus WRC, and the Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution. Marcus Grönholm gave the car its first win at the 2000 Swedish Rally, and Peugeot went on to win the manufacturers' title in their first full year since the return, and Grönholm the drivers' title in his first full WRC season. After successfully but narrowly defending their manufacturers' title in 2001, Peugeot Sport dominated the 2002 season, taking eight wins in the hands of Grönholm and Gilles Panizzi. Grönholm also took the drivers' title. For the 2004 season, Peugeot retired the 206 WRC in favour of the new 307 WRC. The 307 WRC did not match its predecessor in success, but Grönholm took three wins with the car, one in 2004 and two in 2005. PSA Peugeot Citroën withdrew Peugeot from the WRC after the 2005 season, while Citroën took a sabbatical year in 2006 and returned for the next season. Meanwhile, Gronholm departed Peugeot when they quit at the end of 2005 to partner young compatriot Mikko Hirvonen at Ford.

Peugeot 207 S2000, winner of the Intercontinental Rally Challenge from 2007 to 2009.

Touring car racing
In 2013, the Peugeot 208GTi won a one-two-three at the 24 Hours Nürburgring endurance race.

The Peugeot 306 GTi won the prestigious Spa 24 hours endurance race in 1999 and 2000.

Peugeot has been racing successfully in the Asian Touring Car Series, winning the 2000, 2001, and 2002 championships with the Peugeot 306 GTi.

Peugeot has been racing successfully in the Stock Car Brasil series since 2007 and won the 2008, 2009, and 2011 championships.

Peugeot won five times the Danish Touringcar Championship, with both the Peugeot 306 -winner in 1999, 2000, and 2001- and the Peugeot 307 winner in 2002 and 2003.

With his Peugeot 406, Laurent Aiello won the 1997 Super Tourenwagen Cup season.

Throughout the mid-1990s, the Peugeot 406 saloon (called a sedan in some countries) contested touring car championships across the world, enjoying success in France, Germany and Australia, yet failing to win a single race in the British Touring Car Championship despite a number of podium finishes under the command of 1992 British Touring Car Champion Tim Harvey. In Gran Turismo 2 the 406 saloon description sums its racing career up as "a competitive touring car which raced throughout Europe".

The British cars were initially prepared by Peugeot Sport; a team from the Peugeot UK factory in Coventry under the direction of team manager Mick Linford in 1996, with Total sponsorship. Peugeot Sport was not however a full professional race team akin to those of the competition, by now including Williams, Prodrive, Schnitzer and TWR; being as it was run from workshops within the Peugeot factory, largely by factory employees from 1992 to 1996, racing the 405 Mi16 from 1992 to 1995. Peugeot, therefore, contracted Motor Sport Development (MSD; who had developed and run the Honda Accord in the BTCC from 1995 to 1996) to build & run the 406 for 1997–98, when they wore a distinctive green and gold-flame design in deference to new sponsor Esso. Initially, the 406's lack of success was blamed on suspension problems. During 1998 the 406 apparently lacked sufficient horsepower to compete with the front runners' Nissan Primeras and Honda Accords; this was mentioned during a particularly strong showing from Harvey's 406 at the Oulton Park BTCC meeting of 1998 when motorsport commentator Charlie Cox stated: "some people say (the 406) is down on power – you're kidding". During the first BTCC meeting at Silverstone in the same year, Cox mentions that MSD re-designed the 406 touring car "from the ground up". It was however widely reported in publications like the now-defunct 'Super Touring' magazine that it was the aero package primarily developed for longer, faster tracks in Germany and France that led to its success there but hindered the 406 on the slower, twistier tracks of the UK.

In 2001, Peugeot entered three BTC-T Peugeot 406 Coupés into the British Touring Car Championship to compete with the dominant Vauxhall Astra coupes. The 406 coupe was at the end of its product lifecycle and was not competitive, despite some promise towards the end of the year, notably when Peugeot's Steve Soper led a race only to suffer engine failure in the last few laps. The 406 coupes were retired at the end of the following year and replaced with the Peugeot 307—again, uncompetitively in 2003. Alongside the BTC-C 406's; two works-supported 306 GTis were also raced in the BTC-P (Production) class by Simon Harrison and Roger Moen, with Harrison emerging class champion.

Sports car racing
In the 1990s, the company competed in endurance racing, including the World Sportscar Championship and the 24 Hours of Le Mans race with the 905. The sportscar team was established at Vélizy-Villacoublay, France. After early problems with reliability and aerodynamics, the 905 was successful in the World Sportscar Championship, winning eight of the 14 races across the 1991 and 1992 seasons and winning the team and driver titles in 1992. Peugeot also won the 24 Hours of Le Mans in and. Peugeot returned to sportscar racing and Le Mans in 2007 with the diesel-powered Peugeot 908 HDi FAP. At the 2007 24 Hours of Le Mans, Stéphane Sarrazin secured pole position but the 908s proved unreliable and ceded victory to Audi. In, Sarrazin earned a pole position but Audi prevailed once again. For the 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans, the Peugeot 908 HDi FAPs finished first and second overall, led by drivers Marc Gené, David Brabham, and Alexander Wurz.

Formula One
The company has also been involved in providing engines to Formula One teams, notably to McLaren in 1994, to Jordan for the 1995, 1996 and 1997 seasons, and to Prost for the 1998, 1999 and 2000 seasons. Despite a number of podium finishes with each of these three teams, the manufacturer did not score any victories, and their F1 interests were sold to Asiatech at the end of the 2000 season.

Pikes Peak Hillclimb
In April 2013, a 208 T16 was tested by Sébastien Loeb at Mont Ventoux. Loosely based on the shape and design of the production 208, the T16 is a lightweight 875 kg vehicle that uses the rear wing from the Peugeot 908, and has a 3.2-litre, twin-turbo V6 engine, developing 875 bhp with the aim of competing at the Pikes Peak International Hill Climb. 30 June 2013 saw this car demolish the standing record on Pikes Peak by over a minute and a half, with an overall time of 8:13.878.

Concept cars

 * Quasar (1984)
 * Proxima (1986)
 * Oxia (1988)
 * Ion (1994)
 * Touareg (1996)
 * Asphalte (1996)
 * 806 Runabout (1997)
 * 206 (1998)
 * Escapade (1998)
 * Les City Toyz (2000)
 * Peugeot 607 Feline (2000)
 * Peugeot 607 Paladine (2000)
 * Peugeot Sésame (2002)
 * 607 Pescarolo (2002)
 * 307 CC (2002)
 * Peugeot H2O (2002)
 * Peugeot RC (2002)
 * Peugeot Hoggar (2003)
 * Peugeot 407 Elixir (2003)
 * Peugeot 4002 (2003)
 * 407 Silhouette (2004)
 * Peugeot Quark (2004)
 * Peugeot 907 (2004)
 * Peugeot Coupé 407 Prologue (2005)
 * Peugeot 20Cup (2005)
 * Peugeot 908 RC (2006)
 * Spider 207 (2006)
 * Peugeot RC HYbrid4 HYmotion4 (2008)
 * Peugeot RD (2008)
 * Peugeot BB1 (2009)
 * Peugeot EX1 Concept (2010)
 * Peugeot HR1 (2010)
 * Peugeot SR1 (2010)
 * Peugeot 5 by Peugeot (2010)
 * Peugeot HX1 (2011)
 * Peugeot SXC (2011)
 * Peugeot Onyx (2012)
 * Peugeot Exalt (2014)
 * Peugeot Quartz (2014)
 * Peugeot Fractal (2015)
 * Peugeot Instinct (2017)
 * Peugeot e-Legend (2018)
 * Peugeot Inception (2023)

In fiction
In the 2017 film Blade Runner 2049, the main character's flying car (known in-universe as a "Spinner") was branded as a Peugeot as part of a proposed advertising campaign to re-enter the US market. The film's production company, Alcon Entertainment, later sued Peugeot in 2019 for failure to hold up their financial and advertising obligations.

Peugeot Avenue flagship dealerships
Peugeot has flagship dealerships, named Peugeot Avenue, located on the Champs-Élysées in Paris, and in Berlin. The Berlin showroom is larger than the Paris one, but both feature regularly changing mini-exhibitions displaying production and concept cars. Both also feature a small Peugeot Boutique, and they are popular places for Peugeot fans to visit. Peugeot Avenue Berlin also features a café, called Café de France. The Peugeot Avenue at Berlin closed in 2009.

Motorcycles
Peugeot Motocycles company remained a major producer of scooters, underbones, mopeds, and bicycles in Europe, as of 2018. Peugeot produced an electric motor scooter, the Peugeot Scoot'Elec, from 1996 to 2006, and was projected to re-enter the market in 2011 with the E-Vivacity.

Bicycles
Peugeot also produced bicycles starting in 1882 in Beaulieu, France (with ten Tour de France wins between 1903 and 1983), followed by motorcycles and cars in 1889. In the late 1980s Peugeot sold the North American rights to the Peugeot bicycle name to ProCycle, a Canadian company which also sold bicycles under the CCM and Velo Sport names. The European rights were briefly sold to Cycleurope S.A., returning to Peugeot in the 1990s. Today, the Peugeot bicycle brand name remains within the Cycleurope S.A. portfolio.

Kitchen- and table-service equipment
As of 2021, the separate Peugeot-family-owned firm Peugeot Saveurs, previously named PSP Peugeot, continues to make and market pepper grinders, salt grinders, corkscrews for wine bottles, cutlery, tableware, and other kitchen- and table-service equipment.

title: Peugeot


text:
Belmont, New York

Belmont is a village within the town of Amity in Allegany County, New York, United States. Belmont is the county seat of Allegany County. The population was 969 at the 2010 census. The name means "beautiful hill". The village is centrally located in Amity and is northeast of Olean.

History
The village of Belmont was incorporated in 1871 as "Philipsville", named after early settler Philip Church. The settlement was originally called "Philipsburg". When the village assumed the community of Miltonville on the east bank of the Genesee River, it was renamed "Belmont".

The village became the county seat in 1859, replacing the village of Angelica.

The following are listed on the National Register of Historic Places: Belmont Grange No. 1243, Belmont Literary and Historical Society Free Library, and the Belmont Hotel.

Geography
Belmont is located at 42.23333°N, -78.03333°W (42.2257, -78.0319).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 1.0 sqmi, all land.

The village is split by the Genesee River and is at the junctions of NY Route 19, NY Route 244 and County Road 48. Belmont is on the mainline of the Western New York and Pennsylvania Railroad.

Demographics
At the 2000 census there were 952 people, 392 households, and 241 families in the village. The population density was 952.9 /mi2. There were 449 housing units at an average density of 449.4 /mi2. The racial makeup of the village was 96.11% White, 0.95% Black or African American, 0.11% Native American, 0.11% Asian, 0.21% from other races, and 2.52% from two or more races. 1.05% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. Of the 392 households 30.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.9% were married couples living together, 11.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.5% were non-families. 33.7% of households were one person and 18.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.98.

The age distribution was 25.3% under the age of 18, 7.7% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 22.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.6% 65 or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.1 males.

The median household income was $29,545 and the median family income was $35,625. Males had a median income of $28,365 versus $20,781 for females. The per capita income for the village was $14,149. About 9.9% of families and 12.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.8% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.

title: Belmont, New York