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Via Monte Napoleone

Via Monte Napoleone, also spelled Via Montenapoleone, is an upscale shopping street in Milan, Italy, Europe's most expensive street and the second most expensive street in the world after Fifth Avenue in New York City (2023). It is famous for its ready-to-wear fashion and jewelry shops, and for being the most important street of the Milan fashion district known as the Quadrilatero della moda, where many well-known fashion designers have high-end boutiques. The most exclusive Italian shoemakers maintain boutiques on this street.

In 2009, architect Fabio Novembre designed a months-long art installation, titled Per fare un albero, ‘To make a tree’ in conjunction with the city of Milan's Department of Design, Events and Fashion and Fiat — featuring 20 full-size fiberglass planter replicas of the company's 500C cabriolet along Via Monte Napoleone.

In 2002, the Street Association started a media project including the Radio and the Portal, in order to relaunch the Made in Italy brand. Sponsored by the Department of Fashion, Tourism and Major Events of the Municipality of Milan, Italy Fashion System, and Assomoda, today it is the first instrument of revival and information on Made in Italy worldwide.

History
The street traces the Roman city walls erected by Emperor Maximian. In 1783, a financial institution known as the Monte Camerale di Santa Teresa opened there in Palazzo Marliani, with the function of managing the public debt. In 1786 the street itself was named after the monte. The bank was closed in 1796 but re-opened in 1804, when Milan was capital of the Napoleonic Italian Republic, as the Monte Napoleone: from this the street derived its current name. During the first part of the 19th century the street was almost entirely rebuilt in the Neoclassical manner with palaces inhabited by the highest of the aristocracy. Notable buildings from this period are Palazzo Melzi di Cusano, Palazzo Gavazzi, Palazzo Carcassola Grandi, and Palazzetto Taverna. The much earlier Palazzo Marliani however, regarded as one of the finest houses to survive from the era of the Sforza, was preserved until its destruction during the Allied bombing campaign of 1943.

After World War II, Via Monte Napoleone became one of the leading streets in international fashion, somewhat equivalent to Paris' Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré, Rome's Via Condotti, London's Bond Street and Sloane Street, Los Angeles' Rodeo Drive, Florence's Via de' Tornabuoni, Berlin's Kurfürstendamm and New York's Fifth Avenue.

Caffè Cova, founded in 1817 and one of the city's oldest cafés and confectioners, relocated to Via Monte Napoleone in 1950 from its original premises next to the Teatro alla Scala.

title: Via Monte Napoleone


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Palermo

Palermo (, ; Palermu , locally also Paliemmu or Palèimmu) is a city in southern Italy, the capital of both the autonomous region of Sicily and the Metropolitan City of Palermo, the city's surrounding metropolitan province. The city is noted for its history, culture, architecture and gastronomy, playing an important role throughout much of its existence; it is over 2,700 years old. Palermo is in the northwest of the island of Sicily, by the Gulf of Palermo in the Tyrrhenian Sea.

The city was founded in 734 BC by the Phoenicians as ("flower"). Palermo then became a possession of Carthage. Two Greek colonies were established, known collectively as ; the Carthaginians used this name on their coins after the 5th centuryBC. As Panormus, the town became part of the Roman Republic and Empire for over a thousand years. From 831 to 1072 the city was under Arab rule in the Emirate of Sicily when the city became the capital of Sicily for the first time. During this time the city was known as. Following the Norman conquest, Palermo became the capital of a new kingdom, the Kingdom of Sicily, that lasted from 1130 to 1816.

The population of Palermo urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 855,285, while its metropolitan area is the fifth most populated in Italy with around 1.2 million people. In the central area, the city has a population of around 676,000 people. The inhabitants are known as Palermitani or, poetically, panormiti. The languages spoken by its inhabitants are the Italian language and the Palermitano dialect of the Sicilian language.

Palermo is Sicily's cultural, economic and tourism capital. It is a city rich in history, culture, art, music and food. Numerous tourists are attracted to the city for its appealing Mediterranean climate, its renowned gastronomy and restaurants, its Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque and Art Nouveau churches, palaces and buildings, and its nightlife and music. Palermo is the main Sicilian industrial and commercial center: the main industrial sectors include tourism, services, commerce and agriculture. Palermo has an international airport and a significant underground economy. For cultural, artistic and economic reasons, Palermo is one of the largest cities in the Mediterranean and is now among the top tourist destinations in both Italy and Europe. It is the main seat of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Arab-Norman Palermo and the Cathedral Churches of Cefalù and Monreale. The city is also going through careful redevelopment, preparing to become one of the major cities of the Euro-Mediterranean area.

Roman Catholicism is highly important in Palermitan culture. The Patron Saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia whose Feast Day is celebrated on 15 July. The area attracts significant numbers of tourists each year and is widely known for its colourful fruit, vegetable and fish markets at the heart of Palermo, known as Vucciria, Ballarò and Capo.

Geography
Palermo lies in a basin, formed by the Papireto, Kemonia and Oreto rivers. The basin was named the Conca d'Oro (the Golden Basin) by the Arabs in the 9th century. The city is surrounded by a mountain range which is named after the city itself. These mountains face the Tyrrhenian Sea. Palermo is home to a natural port and offers views to the sea, especially from Monte Pellegrino.

Climate
Palermo experiences a hot-summer subtropical Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa) with moderate seasonality. Summers are very long, hot and dry due to the domination of subtropical high pressure system, while winters are mild and changeable, with rainy weather due to the polar front. Temperatures in autumn and spring are typically warm. Palermo is one of the warmest cities in Europe (mainly due to its warm nights), with an average annual air temperature of 18 °C; it is one of the warmest cities in Italy. It receives approximately 2,530 hours of sunshine per year. Snow is a rare occurrence having snowed about a dozen times since 1945. Since the 1940s to nowadays there have been at least five times when considerable snowfall has occurred. In 1949 and in 1956, when the minimum temperature went down to 0 °C, the city was blanketed by some centimetres of snow. Snowfalls also occurred in 1981, 1986, 1999 and 2014. The average annual temperature of the sea is above 19 °C; from 14 °C in February to 26 °C in August. In the period from November to May, the average sea temperature exceeds 18 °C and in the period from June to October, the average sea temperature exceeds 21 °C.

Topography

Palermo is surrounded by mountains, which form a cirque around the city. Some districts of the city are divided by the mountains themselves. Historically, it was relatively difficult to reach the inner part of Sicily from the city because of the mounts. The tallest peak of the range is La Pizzuta, about 1333 m high. However, historically, the most important mount is Monte Pellegrino, which is geographically separated from the rest of the range by a plain with the mount lying right in front of the Tyrrhenian Sea. Monte Pellegrino's cliff was described in the 19th century by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, as "the most beautiful promontory in the world", in his essay Italian Journey.

Rivers
Today both the Papireto river and the Kemonia are covered up by buildings. However, the shape of the former watercourses can still be recognised today, because the streets that were built on them follow their shapes. Today the only waterway not drained yet is the Oreto river that divides the downtown of the city from the western uptown and the industrial districts. In the basins there were, though, many seasonal torrents that helped formed swampy plains, reclaimed during history; a good example of which can be found in the borough of Mondello.

Districts

Shown above are the thirty five quarters of Palermo: these thirty five neighbourhoods or "quartiere" as they are known, are further divided into eight governmental community boards.

Landmarks
Palermo has a large architectural heritage and is notable for its many Norman buildings.

Palaces and museums

 * Palazzo dei Normanni (the Norman Palace), a notable example of Norman architecture, this palace houses the Cappella Palatina.
 * Zisa (1160) and Cuba, magnificent castles/houses historically used by the kings of Palermo for hunting. The Zisa today houses the Islamic museum. The Cuba was once encircled by water.
 * Palazzo Natoli
 * Palazzo Chiaramonte
 * Palazzo Abatellis: built at the end of the 15th century for the prefect of the city, Francesco Abatellis. It is a massive though elegant construction, in typical Catalan Gothic style, with Renaissance influences. The Gallery houses an Eleonora of Aragon bust by Francesco Laurana (1471) and the Malvagna Triptych (c. 1510), by Jan Gossaert and an Annunziata by Antonello da Messina.
 * Antonino Salinas Regional Archeological Museum: museum includes numerous remains from Etruscan, Carthaginian, Roman and Hellenistic civilisations. It houses all the decorative remains from the Sicilian temples of Segesta and Selinunte.
 * Palazzina Cinese: royal residence of the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and location of the Ethnographic Museum of Sicily.

Churches

 * Palermo Cathedral: the long history of the cathedral led to an accumulation of different architectural styles, the latest being the 18th century.
 * Cappella Palatina, 12th century chapel of the Palazzo dei Normanni, has outstanding mosaics in both Western and the Eastern traditions and a roof by Saracen craftsmen.
 * San Giovanni dei Lebbrosi
 * San Giovanni degli Eremiti: 12th-century church, near Palazzo dei Normanni, notable for bright red domes, a remnant of Arab influence in Sicily. In his Diary of an Idle Woman in Sicily, F. Elliot described it as "... totally oriental... it would fit well in Baghdad or Damascus". The bell tower is an example of Norman architecture.
 * Chiesa della Martorana: also known as Santa Maria dell'Ammiraglio (St Mary of the Admiral), church annexed to the next-door church of San Cataldo and overlooks Piazza Bellini in central Palermo. Original layout was a compact cross-in-square ("Greek cross plan"), a common south Italian and Sicilian variant of the middle Byzantine period church style. Three eastern apses adjoin directly to the naos, instead of being separated by an additional bay, as was usual in eastern Byzantine architecture. The bell tower, lavishly decorated, still serves as the main entrance to the church. The interior decoration is elaborate, and includes Byzantine mosaics.
 * San Cataldo: church on central Piazza Bellini, another example of Norman architecture.
 * Santa Maria della Gancia
 * Santa Caterina: church located on Piazza Bellini, behind Piazza Pretoria, built between 1566 and 1596.
 * Santa Maria della Catena: built between 1490 and 1520. Designed by Matteo Carnilivari: The name derives from chains that were once attached to one of the walls.
 * San Domenico: located near Via Roma, now "Pantheon of illustrious Sicilians".
 * San Giuseppe dei Teatini: located near the Quattro Canti, it is an example of Sicilian Baroque.
 * Oratorio di San Lorenzo: working in stucco, Rococo sculptor Giacomo Serpotta and his family decorated the church (1690/98–1706) with such a profusion of statuary, and an abundance of putti, the walls appear alive. In October 1969, two thieves removed Caravaggio's Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence from its frame. It has never been recovered.
 * Oratorio del Rosario: completed by Giacomo Serpotta in (1710–17)
 * Santa Teresa alla Kalsa, derives its name from Al-Khalisa, an Arabic term meaning elected, was constructed between 1686 and 1706 over the former Emir's residence, is one of the best examples of Sicilian Baroque. It has a single, airy nave, with stucco decorations from the early 18th century.
 * Santa Maria dello Spasimo was built in 1506 and later turned into a hospital. This church inspired Raphael to paint his famous Sicilia's Spasimo, now in the Museo del Prado. The church today is a fascinating open-air auditorium, which occasionally houses exhibitions and musical shows.
 * Church of the Gesù ("Church of Jesus"): located in the city centre, the church was built in 1564 in the late-Renaissance style by the Jesuits. It was built over a pre-existing convent of Basilian monks. Alterations in 1591 were completed in a Sicilian Baroque. The church was heavily damaged after the 1943 bombings, which destroyed most of the frescos. The interior has a Latin cross plan with a nave and two aisles, and has a particularly rich decoration of marbles, intarsia and stuccoes, especially in St Anne's Chapel. At the right is the Casa Professa, with a 1685 portal and a precious 18th century cloister. The building has been home to the Municipal Library since 1775.
 * San Francesco di Assisi: church built between 1255 and 1277 in what was once the market district of the city, at the site of two pre-existing churches and was largely renovated in the 15th, 16th, 18th and 19th centuries, the last after an earthquake. After the 1943 bombings, the church was restored to its Medieval appearance, which now includes part of the original building such as part of the right side, the apses and the Gothic portal in the façade. The interior has a typical Gothic flavour, with a nave and two aisles separated by two rows of cylindrical pilasters. Some of the chapels are in Renaissance style, as well as the late 16th century side portals. The church includes precious sculptures by Antonio, Giacomo Gagini and Francesco Laurana. Of note are also statues built by Giacomo Serpotta in 1723.
 * Church of the Magione: officially known as the church of the Holy Trinity. This church was built in the Norman style in 1191 by Matteo d'Ajello, who donated it to the Cistercian monks.

Squares and public monuments

 * Quattro Canti is a small square at the crossing of the ancient main roads (now: Corso Vittorio Emanuele and Via Maqueda) dividing the town into its quarters (mandamenti). The buildings at the corner have diagonal baroque façades so the square has an almost octagonal form.
 * Piazza Pretoria was planned in the 16th century near the Quattro Canti as the site of a fountain by Francesco Camilliani, the Fontana Pretoria.
 * The monument to Charles V on Piazza Bologni, erected in 1631.

City walls

Palermo had two rings of city walls, many parts of which still survive. The first ring surrounded the ancient core of the Phoenician city, the Palaeopolis or Paleapolis (in the area east of Porta Nuova) and the Neapolis. Via Vittorio Emanuele was the main road east–west through this early walled city. The eastern edge of the walled city was on Via Roma and the ancient port in the vicinity of Piazza Marina. The wall circuit was approximately Porto Nuovo, Corso Alberti, Piazza Peranni, Via Isodoro, Via Candela, Via Venezia, Via Roma, Piazza Paninni, Via Biscottari, Via Del Bastione, Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porto Nuovo.

The walls followed the course of the two rivers that surround the city, the Kemonia and the Papireto, creating a natural moat and improving the military security of the city. During the Roman era, they were certainly implemented, as deducible from the subsequent account of Procopius of Caesarea about the capture of Palermo [1],

In the medieval period the city was expanded with a second wall. Via Vittorio Emanuele continued to be the main road east–west through the walled city. The west gate was still Porta Nuova, the walls continued to Corso Alberti, to Piazza Vittorio Emanuele Orlando where it turned east along Via Volturno to Piazza Verdi and along the line of Via Cavour. At this northeast corner the Castello a Mare protected the port at La Cala. A huge chain was used to block La Cala with the other end at Santa Maria della Catena (St Mary of the Chain). The sea-side wall was along the western side of Foro Italico Umberto. The wall turns west along the northern side of Via Abramo Lincoln, continues along Corso Tukory. The wall turns north approximately on Via Benedetto, to Palazzo dei Normanni and back to Porta Nuova.

Several gates in the city wall survive.

Opera houses

Up until the beginning of 20th century there were hundreds of small opera theatres known as magazzeni in the city of Palermo.

 * The Teatro Massimo ("Greatest Theatre") was opened in 1897. It is the biggest in Italy (8000 m2), and one of the largest of Europe (the third after the Paris Opera and the Vienna State Opera), renowned for its perfect acoustics. Enrico Caruso sang in a performance of La Gioconda during the opening season, returning for Rigoletto at the very end of his career. Closed for renovation from 1974 until 1997, it is now restored and has an active schedule.
 * The Teatro Politeama was built between 1867 and 1874.

Other sights

The "Wall of Legality" ( Il Muro Della Legalità ) depicts 38 important persons who helped in fighting the mafia. The street art project was inaugurated in July 2022 and is a joint effort by 19 artists. It can be found at Piazza degli Aragonesi.

The cathedral has a heliometer (solar observatory) dating to 1690, one of a number built in Italy in the 17th and 18th centuries. The device itself is quite simple: a tiny hole in one of the minor domes acts as pinhole camera, projecting an image of the sun onto the floor at solar noon (12:00 in winter, 13:00 in summer). There is a bronze line, la Meridiana, on the floor, running precisely north–south. The ends of the line mark the positions as at the summer and winter solstices; signs of the zodiac show the various other dates throughout the year.

The purpose of the instrument was to standardise the measurement of time and the calendar. The convention in Sicily had been that the (24‑hour) day was measured from the moment of dawn, which of course meant that no two locations had the same time and, more importantly, did not have the same time as in St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. It was also important to know when the vernal equinox occurred, to provide the correct date for Easter.

The Orto botanico di Palermo (Palermo Botanical Garden), founded in 1785, is the largest in Italy with a surface of 10 ha.

One site of interest is the Capuchin Catacombs, with many mummified corpses in varying degrees of preservation.

Close to the city is the 600 m Monte Pellegrino, offering a panorama of the city, its surrounding mountains and the sea.

Another good panoramic viewpoint is the promontory of Monte Gallo (586 m), near Mondello Beach.

Moreton Bay fig of >30 m girth and of 32m height can be found on the Piazza Marina. This Ficus macrophylla is most probably the thickest tree in Europe.

On the boulevard Via Roma is the Palazzo delle Poste, an official Italian government building created during the Mussolini era in the stripped classicism architectural style. It was designed by the rationalist and later fascist government architect, Angiolo Mazzoni. Perhaps its most famous feature is the five mural cycle in the Futurist style painted by the artist Benedetta Cappa titled "Sintesi delle Comunicazioni" (Synthesis of Communication).

UNESCO World Heritage Sites
UNESCO World Heritage Sites include the Palazzo Reale with the Cappella Palatina, the Chiesa di San Giovanni degli Eremiti, the Chiesa di Santa Maria dell’Ammiraglio, the Chiesa di San Cataldo, the Cattedrale di Palermo, the Palazzo della Zisa and the Ponte dell’Ammiraglio,  adding to the list that makes Italy the country with most UNESCO world heritage sites.

Demographics
In 2010, there were 1.2 million people living in the greater Palermo area, 655,875 of which resided in the City boundaries, of whom 47.4% were male and 52.6% were female. People under age 15 totalled 15.6% compared to pensioners who composed 17.2% of the population. This compares with the Italian average of 14.1% people under 15 years and 20.2% pensioners. The average age of a Palermo resident is 40.4 compared to the Italian average of 42.8. In the ten years between 2001 and 2010, the population of Palermo declined by 4.5%, while the population of Italy, as a whole, grew by 6.0%. The reason for Palermo's decline is a population flight to the suburbs, and to Northern Italy. The current birth rate of Palermo is 10.2 births per 1,000 inhabitants compared to the Italian average of 9.3 births.

, 97.79% of the population was of Italian descent. The largest immigrant group came from South Asia (mostly from Bangladesh and Sri Lanka (Mostly Tamils)): 0.80%, other European countries (mostly from Albania, Romania, Serbia, North Macedonia and Ukraine): 0.3%, and North Africa (mostly from Tunisia and Morocco): 0.28%.

Early history

Evidence of human settlement in the area now known as Palermo goes back to at least the Mesolithic period, perhaps around 8000 BC, where a group of cave drawings at nearby Addaura from that period have been found. The original inhabitants were Sicani people who, according to Thucydides, arrived from the Iberian Peninsula (perhaps Catalonia).

Antiquity
In the 8th c. BC the Phoenicians built a small settlement on the natural harbour of Palermo, which became known as. It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum.

The first settlement was later known as Paleapolis meaning "Old City". The site chosen by the Phoenicians was connected to the mountains with two roads that today have become Via Cappuccini and Corso Pisani.

The Neapolis or "New City", the nucleus of the subsequent expansion of the colony, soon developed in the area between the Paleapolis and the port. The new district expanded rapidly, exceeding the size of the old quarter, and soon became the site of markets, artisan and commercial activities. The walls were extended to embrace the new urban perimeter and two new gates were made, while the old gate at the port was moved to make room for the new buildings. In total there were 4 gates, one on each side of the city. The walls followed the course of the two rivers that surround the city, the Kemonia and the Papireto, creating a natural moat and improving the military security of the city. During the Roman era they were reinforced.

The Cassaro district was probably named after the walls themselves; the word Cassaro deriving from the Arab al-qaṣr (castle, stronghold, see also alcázar). The colony developed around a central street (decumanus) now the Corso Vittorio Emanuele.

Carthage was Palermo's major trading partner under the Phoenicians and the city enjoyed a prolonged peace during this period. Palermo came into contact with the Ancient Greeks between the 6th and the 5th centuries BC which preceded the Sicilian Wars, a conflict fought between the Greeks of Syracuse and the Carthaginians for control over the island of Sicily. During this war the Greeks named the settlement Pánormos or 'wide haven' due to its large anchorage, from which the present name of the city developed. The Carthaginians began using the Greek name on the city's coinage from the 5th centuryBC. It was from Palermo that Hamilcar I's fleet (which was defeated at the Battle of Himera) was launched. In 409 BC the city was looted by Hermocrates of Syracuse. The Sicilian Wars ended in 265 BC when Syracuse allied with the Romans of Italy and pushed the Carthaginians off of the island during the First Punic War. In 276 BC, during the Pyrrhic War, Panormos briefly became a Greek colony after being conquered by Pyrrhus of Epirus, but returned to Phoenician Carthage in 275 BC. In 254 BC Panormos was besieged and conquered by the Romans. Carthage attempted to reconquer Panormus in the battle of Panormus 250 BC but failed.

In Roman times luxurious residences were built and have been found in several locations (piazza Sett'Angeli, Palazzo Sclafani, piazza della Vittoria).

Middle Ages

As the Roman Empire was falling apart, Palermo fell under the control of several Germanic tribes. The first were the Vandals in 440 AD under the rule of their king Geiseric. The Vandals had occupied all the Roman provinces in North Africa by 455 establishing themselves as a significant force. They acquired Corsica, Sardinia and Sicily shortly afterwards. However, they soon lost these newly acquired possessions to the Ostrogoths. The Ostrogothic conquest under Theodoric the Great began in 488; Theodoric supported Roman culture and government unlike the Germanic Goths. The Gothic War took place between the Ostrogoths and the Eastern Roman Empire, also known as the Byzantine Empire. Sicily was the first part of Italy to be taken under control of General Belisarius who was commissioned by the Eastern Emperor. In late 535 his Byzantine army of 7,500–9,000 and a fleet laid siege to the city in the Siege of Panormus, which had refused to surrender unlike all the other Ostrogothic-held cities in Sicily, and eventually prevailed.

Justinian I solidified his rule in the following years.

The Arabs took control of Palermo and most of Sicily in 831, and the Emirate of Sicily was established, though other cities persisted as Byzantine holdouts until as late as 965. Muslim rule in Palermo lasted for about 240 years. Palermo (Bal'harm during Arab rule) displaced Syracuse as the capital of Sicily. It was said to have then begun to compete with Córdoba and Cairo in terms of importance and splendor. For more than a hundred years Palermo was the capital of a flourishing emirate. The Arabs also introduced many agricultural crops which remain a mainstay of Sicilian cuisine.

After dynastic quarrels however, there was a Norman conquest in 1072. Normans conquered Palermo after a long siege. Indeed, the feat proved difficult because the Normans had never besieged such a populous city with such powerful walls. After 5 months siege, Normans built numerous stairs and war machines and finally conquered the city. The family who returned the city to Christianity were called the Hautevilles, including Robert Guiscard and his army, who is regarded as a hero by the natives. It was under his nephew Roger II of Sicily that Norman holdings in Sicily and the southern part of the Italian Peninsula were promoted from the County of Sicily into the Kingdom of Sicily. The kingdom's capital was Palermo, with the King's Court held at the Palazzo dei Normanni. Much construction was undertaken during this period, such as the building of Palermo Cathedral. The Kingdom of Sicily became one of the wealthiest states in Europe.

Thanks to the marriage between Constance, Queen of Sicily, and Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, Palermo and the whole Sicily was inherited by their son Frederick II, who became King of Sicily in 1198 and Holy Roman Emperor in 1220. Palermo was the capital of Emperor Frederick II’s vast empire and also his favorite city. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Frederick's rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Palermo's population had declined to 51,000.

Early modern era

From 1479 until 1713 Palermo was ruled by the Kingdom of Spain, and again between 1717 and 1718. Palermo was also under Savoy control between 1713 and 1717 and 1718–1720 as a result of the Treaty of Utrecht. It was ruled by Austria between 1720 and 1734.

Two Sicilies
After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), Sicily was handed over to the House of Savoy, but by 1734 it was in Bourbon possession. Charles III chose Palermo for his coronation as King of Sicily. Charles had new houses built for the growing population, while trade and industry grew as well. However, Palermo had become just another provincial city as the Royal Court resided in Naples. Charles' son Ferdinand, though disliked by the population, took refuge in Palermo after the French Revolution in 1798. His son Alberto died on the way to Palermo and is buried in the city.

When the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies was founded, the original capital city was Palermo (1816) but a year later moved to Naples.

From 1820 to 1848 Sicily was shaken by upheavals, which culminated on 12 January 1848, with a popular insurrection, the first one in Europe that year, led by Giuseppe La Masa. A parliament and constitution were proclaimed. The first president was Ruggero Settimo. The Bourbons reconquered Palermo in 1849, and it remained under their rule until the Expedition of the Thousand, led by Giuseppe Garibaldi, conquered the city after the Siege of Palermo in May 1860. After the plebiscite later that year Palermo, along with the rest of Sicily, became part of the new Kingdom of Italy (1861).

Italian unification

The majority of Sicilians preferred independence to annexation to the Savoy kingdom; in 1866, Palermo became the seat of a week-long popular rebellion, which was finally crushed after martial law was declared. The Italian government blamed anarchists and the Church, specifically the Archbishop of Palermo, for the rebellion and began enacting anti-Sicilian and anti-clerical policies. A new cultural, economic and industrial growth was spurred by several families, like the Florio, the Ducrot, the Rutelli, the Sandron, the Whitaker, the Utveggio, and others. In the early twentieth century, Palermo expanded outside the old city walls, mostly to the north along the new boulevards Via Roma, Via Dante, Via Notarbartolo, and Viale della Libertà. These roads would soon boast a huge number of villas in the Art Nouveau style. Many of these were designed by the architect Ernesto Basile. The Grand Hotel Villa Igiea, designed by Ernesto Basile for the Florio family, is a good example of Palermitan Art Nouveau. The huge Teatro Massimo was designed in the same period by Giovan Battista Filippo Basile, Ernesto's father, and built by the Rutelli & Machì building firm of the industrial and old Rutelli Italian family in Palermo, and was opened in 1897.

The second world war
During the Second World War, Palermo was heavily bombed by the Allied air forces in 1942 and 1943, until its capture during the Allied invasion of Sicily on 22 July 1943. The harbour (main objective of the air attacks) and the surrounding quarters were effectively destroyed, as was a considerable part of the city, with heavy civilian casualties. When American troops entered Palermo in 1943 they were greeted with "a thunderous welcome by what seemed the entire population demonstrating their feelings about Fascist rule." The two captured Italian generals claimed that they were happy because in their view "the Sicilians were not human beings but animals". Anti-Sicilian prejudice was part of the fascist regime's world view, being promoted by pro-fascist newspapers, particularly in the north of Italy.

Italian Republic and today
In 1946 the city was declared the seat of the Regional Parliament, as capital of a Special Status Region (1947) whose seat is in the Palazzo dei Normanni.

In 1948 the element Technetium was discovered in the University of Palermo.

A theme in the city's modern age has been the struggle against the Sicilian Mafia, Red Brigades and outlaws such as Salvatore Giuliano, who controlled the neighbouring area of Montelepre. The Italian state effectively has had to share control of the territory, economically and administratively, with the Mafia.

The "Sack of Palermo" was one of the dramatic consequences of this problem. This popular term refers to the speculative building practices that resulted in the destruction of a great number of historical buildings and green areas in favour of poor buildings, mainly between the 1950s and the 1980s. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo, which swelled in size, leading to rapid expansion towards the north. The regulatory plans for expansion was largely ignored in the boom. New parts of town appeared almost out of nowhere, but without parks, schools, public buildings, proper roads and the other amenities that characterise a modern city.

The Cosa Nostra has traditionally been the most powerful group in Palermo. A CNN article in July 2019 indicated that Sicilian Mafia activity in Palermo was particularly notorious in one area: the town of Passo Rigano. "According to Italian police, the Mafia not only engages in extortion there, but also has a large role in the town's legal economy – with its involvement in business such as wholesale food supplies, online betting and gambling." The police investigation at the time also confirmed strong links between the Palermo area mafia and American organized crime, particularly the Gambino crime family. According to La Repubblica, "Off they go, through the streets of Passo di Rigano, Boccadifalco, Torretta and at the same time, Brooklyn, Staten Island, New Jersey. Because from Sicily to the US, the old mafia has returned".

Patron saints

The patron saint of Palermo is Saint Rosalia, who is widely revered.

On 14 July, people in Palermo celebrate the annual Festino, the most important religious event of the year. The Festino is a procession that goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Saint Rosalia who, it is believed, freed the city from the Black Death in 1624. Her remains were discovered in a cave on Monte Pellegrino, and her remains were carried around the city three times, banishing the plague. There is a sanctuary marking the spot where her remains were found which can be reached via a scenic bus ride from the city.

Before 1624 Palermo had four patron saints, one for each of the four major parts of the city. They were Saint Agatha, Saint Christina, Saint Nympha and Saint Olivia.

Saint Lucy is also honoured with a celebration on 13 December, during which the inhabitants of Palermo do not eat anything made with flour, but boil wheat in its natural state and use it to prepare a special dish called cuccìa. This commemorates the saving of the city from famine due to a miracle attributed to Saint Lucy; A ship full of grain mysteriously arrived in the city's harbour and the hungry population wasted no time in making flour but ate the grain as it arrived.

Saint Benedict the Moor is the heavenly protector of the city of Palermo.

The ancient patron of the city was the Genius of Palermo, genius loci and numen protector of the place, that became the secular patron of the modern Palermo.

Sports

Palermo hosts a professional football team, Palermo Football Club, commonly referred to as simply Palermo, who currently compete in Serie B as of 2022, having been excluded from Serie B after the 2018–2019 season. After the bankruptcy occurred in the summer of 2019, a new club was formed by the company Hera Hora Srl.

The Targa Florio was an open road endurance car race held near Palermo. Founded in 1906, it used to be one of the oldest sports car racing events until it was discontinued in 1977 due to safety concerns but has since run as a rallying event. Palermo was home to the grand depart of the 2008 Giro d'Italia. The initial stage was a 28.5 km TTT (Team Time Trial).

The Internazionali Femminili di Palermo is an annual ladies professional tennis event held in the city, which is part of the WTA Tour.

The american football team is Eagles United Palermo and it plays in stadium of Carini.

Flag
The flag of Palermo is similar to that of the autonomous region of Sicily, but with a different arrangement of colours. The flag displayed on the Palazzo Pretorio, the town hall, has no coat of arms. However, versions with coats of arms of variable appearance in the center have been observed; for example, around the 1950s or 1960s the flag bore the civic coat of arms form Il Blasone in Sicilia.

Coat of arms
The coat of arms consists of a shield with a red background, stamped by the crown of the city, in the center of which there is a gold-colored eagle with open wings holding in its claws the legend bearing the initials "S.P.Q.P.".

Economy and infrastructure

As Sicily's administrative capital, Palermo is a centre for much of the region's finance, tourism and commerce. The city currently hosts an international airport, and Palermo's economic growth over the years has brought the opening of many new businesses. The economy mainly relies on tourism and services, but also has commerce, shipbuilding and agriculture. The city, however, still has high unemployment levels, high corruption and a significant black market empire (Palermo being the home of the Sicilian Mafia).

Public transport
Palermo has a local railway called the Palermo metropolitan railway service.

Buses
Palermo's public bus system is operated by AMAT which covers a net area of 340 km. About 90 different routes reach every part of the city.

Trams
Palermo has a public tram system finalized in 2015 and operated by AMAT. There are 4 lines:

 * 1) Roccella — Central Station
 * 2) Borgo Nuovo — Notarbartolo Station
 * 3) CEP — Notarbartolo Station
 * 4) Corso Calatafimi — Notarbartolo Station

Coaches
The local coach company, AST, with its coaches totalling 35 lines, links Palermo to all of the main cities in Sicily.

Palermo Public Transportation Statistics
The average amount of time people spend commuting with public transit in Palermo, for example to and from work, on a weekday is 63 min. 14.% of public transit riders, ride for more than 2 hours every day. The average amount of time people wait at a stop or station for public transit is 23 min, while 48% of riders wait for over 20 minutes on average every day. The average distance people usually ride in a single trip with public transit is 4.4 km, while 3% travel for over 12 km in a single direction.

Roads

Palermo is a key intersection on the Sicilian road network, being the junction between the eastern A19 motorway to Trapani, the southeastern A29 to airport and Mazara del Vallo and the southwestern A19 to Catania and A20 to Messina. Palermo is one of the main cities on European route E90. The three main national roads starting from Palermo are the SS113, SS121, SS186 and the SS624.

Airports
Palermo International Airport, known as Falcone-Borsellino Airport (formerly Punta Raisi Airport), is located 32 km west of Palermo. It is dedicated to Giovanni Falcone and Paolo Borsellino, two anti-mafia judges killed by the Mafia in the early 1990s.

The airport's rail facility, known as Punta Raisi railway station, can be reached from Palermo Centrale, Palermo Notarbartolo and Palermo Francia railway stations.

Palermo-Boccadifalco Airport is the second airport of the city.

Port

The port of Palermo, founded by the Phoenicians over 2,700 years ago, is, together with the port of Messina, the main port of Sicily. From here ferries link Palermo to Cagliari, Genoa, Livorno, Naples, Tunis and other cities and carry a total of almost 2 million passengers annually. It is also an important port for cruise ships. Traffic includes also almost 5 e6t of cargo and 80,000 TEUs yearly. The port also has links to minor Sicilian islands such as Ustica and the Aeolian Islands (via Cefalù in summer). Inside the Port of Palermo there is a section known as "tourist marina" for sailing yachts and catamarans.

National rail
The main railway station of Palermo is Palermo Centrale which links to the other cities of Sicily, including Agrigento, Trapani and Catania, and through Messina and the strait to the rest of Italy. The railways also connect to the Palermo airport with departures every thirty minutes.

Education

The local university is the University of Palermo, the island's second oldest university. It was officially founded in 1806, although historical records indicate that medicine and law have been taught there since the late 15th century. The Orto botanico di Palermo (Palermo botanical gardens) is home to the university's Department of Botany and is also open to visitors.

Twin towns – sister cities
Palermo is twinned with:

 * 🇹🇳 Bizerte, Tunisia
 * 🇨🇩 Bukavu, DR of the Congo
 * 🇨🇳 Chengdu, China
 * 🇩🇪 Düsseldorf, Germany

 * 🇨🇮 Grand-Bassam, Ivory Coast
 * Hanoi, Vietnam
 * 🇵🇸 Khan Yunis, Palestine
 * 🇺🇸 Miami, United States
 * 🇺🇸 Monterey, United States
 * 🇫🇷 Montpellier, France
 * 🇨🇦 Ottawa, Canada
 * 🇦🇷 Palermo, Argentina
 * 🇨🇴 Palermo, Colombia
 * 🇮🇹 Pistoia, Italy
 * 🇷🇺 Samara, Russia
 * 🇨🇺 Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
 * 🇮🇹 Sestu, Italy
 * Tbilisi, Georgia
 * 🇷🇴 Timișoara, Romania
 * 🇲🇹 Valletta, Malta
 * 🇷🇺 Yaroslavl, Russia
 * 🇬🇭 Sekondi-Takoradi, Ghana

Notable people

 * Eleonora Abbagnato (born 1978), ballet dancer
 * Simonetta Agnello Hornby (born 1945), writer
 * Emerico Amari (1810–1870), politician
 * Roberto Andò (born 1959), film director
 * Lucio Maria Attinelli (born 1933), journalist and writer
 * Aldo Baglio (born 1958), actor
 * Pietro Ballo (born 1952), tenor
 * Mario Balotelli (born 1990), footballer
 * Mario Bardi (1922–1998), painter
 * Ernesto Basile (1857–1932), architect
 * Letizia Battaglia (1935–2022), photographer, photojournalist and politician
 * Francesco Benigno (born 1967), actor
 * Alfredo Bordonali (born 1919), football player
 * Paolo Borsellino (1940–1992), judge
 * Luigi Maria Burruano (1948-2017), actor
 * Tommaso Buscetta (1928–2000), member and notable pentito of the Sicilian Mafia
 * Lando Buzzanca (1935–2022), actor
 * Alessandro Cagliostro (1743–1795), magician (paranormal) and adventurer
 * Phil Caliva (born 1945), American racing driver
 * Stanislao Cannizzaro (1826–1910), chemist
 * Bruno Caruso (1927–2018), painter, illustrator, graphic designer and political activist
 * Marco Cecchinato (born 1992), tennis player
 * Daniele Ciprì (born 1962), film director
 * Max Crivello (born 1958), illustrator and painter
 * Salvatore Di Vittorio (born 1967), composer and conductor
 * Giovanni Falcone (1939–1992), judge
 * Salvatore Ficarra (born 1971), actor
 * Luca Flores (1956-1995), pianist and composer
 * Vincenzo Florio (1883–1959), entrepreneur, heir of the rich Florio economic dynasty, founder of the Targa Florio
 * Corrado Fortuna (born 1978), actor
 * Franco Franchi (1928–1992), actor
 * Pia Giancaro (born 1950), Italian retired actress
 * Claudio Gioè (born 1975), actor
 * Filippa Giordano (born 1974), singer
 * Laura Giordano (born 1979), lyric soprano
 * Marco Glaviano (born 1942), photographer and architet
 * Libero Grassi (1924–1991), businessman
 * Luca Guadagnino (born 1971), film director
 * Ciccio Ingrassia (1922–2003), actor
 * Beniamino Iraci (born 1989), professional football player
 * Ugo La Malfa (1903–1979), politician
 * Luigi Lo Cascio (born 1967), actor
 * Rosalia Lombardo (1918–1920), known as the Sleeping Beauty
 * Louise of Orléans (1812–1850), Queen of The Belgians
 * Maria Christina of the Two Sicilies (1806–1878), Queen of Spain
 * Filippo Mancuso (1922–2011), magistrate and Italian Minister of Justice
 * Franco Maresco (born 1958), film director
 * Sergio Mattarella (born 1941), president of Italy
 * Giovanni Meli (1740–1815), poet and playwright
 * Pino Mercanti (1911-1986), film director
 * Silvio Micali (born 1954), computer scientist
 * Gabriele Minì (born 2005), racing driver
 * Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860–1952), Prime Minister of Italy
 * Sophia Petrillo (born 1905), character on The Golden Girls
 * Valentino Picone (born 1971), actor
 * Pif (television host) (born 1972), actor and film director
 * Amelia Pinto (1876–1946), opera singer
 * Giuseppe Pitrè (1841-1916), folklorist, medical doctor, professor and senator
 * Eva Riccobono (born 1983), model
 * Antonio Rinaldi (1709–1794), architect
 * Gianni Riotta (born 1954), journalist
 * Giuni Russo (1951–2004), singer
 * Alfredo Salafia (1869–1933), embalmer and taxidermist
 * Pietro Scaglione (1906–1971), magistrate
 * Alessandro Scarlatti (1660-1725), composer
 * Renato Schifani (born 1950), President of the Senate
 * Salvatore Schillaci (born 1964), footballer
 * Francesco Scianna (born 1982), actor
 * Enzo Sellerio (1924–2012), photographer, publisher and collector
 * Giacomo Serpotta (1656–1732), sculptor
 * Giuseppe Serpotta (1653–1719), sculptor
 * Tony Sperandeo (born 1953), actor
 * Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì (1839–1908), Prime Minister of Italy
 * Gaetano Starrabba (born 1932), racing driver
 * Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa (1896–1957), writer
 * Nino Vaccarella (1933–2021), racing driver
 * Delia Vaccarello (1960–2019), journalist and activist for LGBT rights
 * Fulco di Verdura (1898–1978), duke and jeweller

Honorary citizens
People awarded the honorary citizenship of Palermo are:

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Palermo


text:
User:Ganapataye

ganapataye, 34 years old, lives in Milano (Italy)

Welcome to the 'pedis! Hope you like the place. --User:maveric149

title: User:Ganapataye


text:
User talk:Chuck SMITH

(This has been moved from Talk:ChuckSmith)

AfD nomination of Friendship book
Friendship book, an article you created, has been nominated for deletion. We appreciate your contributions. However, an editor does not feel that Friendship book satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion and has explained why in the nomination space (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and the Wikipedia deletion policy). Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at Articles for deletion/Friendship book and please be sure to sign your comments with four tildes ( ~ ). You are free to edit the content of Friendship book during the discussion but should not remove the articles for deletion template from the top of the article; such removal will not end the deletion discussion. Thank you. Eliz81(talk)(contribs) 18:07, 10 August 2007 (UTC)

Welcome
Welcome, Chuck! Especially looking forward to your contributions on pages related to Christianity. <>< tbc

(This has been moved from Talk:Chuck Smith)

Hi Chuck! Just wanted to thank you for inspiring me to read through Ignatius and Polycarp's letters so I could try to answer your question at Resurrection of Jesus Christ/Talkarchive. Hope that helps. --Wesley

Hey Chuck, your reverting of Greyhound racing convinces me that there is some type of bug in the wiki software. Somebody already reverted the page from the "3333333333" stub. Check out the original stub again, and then try to view another revision. Do this a couple of times and you will see "33333333" displayed as the "current" version (even though the text is fine in edit mode). I am having the same problem with the Beryllium article -- I will make some changes, preview them, make sure they render OK, then save. But then what I see displayed is a previous revision of the page -- even though the code for the page looks fine in edit mode. This same thing happens even when I totally disable caching on several different browsers on both my wintel and lintel boxen. --User:maveric149

Hey Chuck, on your page you have this:
 * "I don't think I'm very good at writing content unless I'm really passionate about something (which I'm told I'm not supposed to do on here)."

I beg to differ. I'm very passionate about film, especially Ingmar Bergman, Joel & Ethan Coen, & Francois Truffaut films, but I just try to keep my opinion or any unverifiable info out of my writing (I don't always succeed, and people invariably come and mop up, as should be done). It's just a different kind of writing than most people are used to; have you kept at it? (I will note that I've started avoiding anything explicitly political--those discussions quickly become more than they're worth, IMHO). just curious, Koyaanis Qatsi, Sunday, March 31, 2002

 * Well, I've probably written half of the articles about Esperanto (meaning half of each article, not half of the number of articles) :-)  so I do keep writing about stuff I'm passionate about, although I do occasionally get beat on for editing pages too boldly!  (which is good)  I have to admit though that most of my energy lately has been going into the Esperanto wikipedia and then I write about whatever I feel like.  :-)  It's quite interesting seeing a wikipedia through its early stages of development again... --Chuck Smith

Which reminds me: Hey Chuck, are you going to the ELNA Kongreso in Sacramento in June? We should have a Vikipedio presentation or something... Brion VIBBER

 * No, but I nominate you to speak about the Vikipedio at the ELNA Kongreso. :o)  I am however planning to go to the Internacia Junulara Kongreso and the Universala Kongreso in Brazil this year (and I hope to speak about the Vikipedio at the UK).  Afterwards I plan to travel Europe for a year using Esperanto as my main language (like Amanda Higley)... I'm gonna save a fortune since I won't to pay for lodging because of the Pasporta Servo.  :)  --Chuck Smith

 * Ooh, sounds like fun! That unruly thing called airfare is keeping me close to home for the forseeable future, alas. I'll try to come up with something for the EK, hopefully based around the brochure-to-be. I may want to bring some pamphlets in English as well for people to give to friends, relatives, strangers on the street. All Wikipedia is good wikipedia, no? Brion VIBBER

 * Well, through the Esperanto travel services you can get roundtrip airfare to Brazil and back for less than $800. It's quite amazing really.  I'm also subscribing to a travel service that does the same thing in English, but it cost me $100 for a lifetime membership.  :-(  Probably at the seminar you will want to show how easy the wikipedia is to edit as well as showing some of the other language wikipedias.

 * Now that I'm thinking about it, would a multilingual wiki about Esperanto work well? I mean would it be possible to have multiple languages in one wiki?  We need more national language resources about Esperanto for people who don't yet speak the language.  What do you think?  --Chuck Smith

 * Hmm, that could be interesting. Might be nice to have something to supplement or take the place of the aging Multlingva Informcentro... Could link to the wikipedia articles too. :) Brion VIBBER

 * How would supporting, say, Russian, Japanese and Chinese on the same wiki work? --Chuck Smith

 * The magic of Unicode should help that immensely. I'll have to play with things a bit to make the interface language user-selectable, though. --Brion VIBBER

-

Important note for all sysops: There is a bug in the administrative move feature that truncates the moved history and changes the edit times. Please do not use this feature until this bug is fixed. More information can be found in the talk of Brion VIBBER and maveric149. Thank you. --maveric149

Howdy Chuck. Since you seem to have an interest in the mathematics articles, I wanted to call to your attention the WikiProject we're developing at WikiProject Mathematics, which attempts to provide some standards and goals for math articles. Contributions requested and welcomed! Chas zzz brown 21:55 Dec 1, 2002 (UTC)

As requested, I've moved your watchlist to the new account name. --Brion 15:38 Dec 3, 2002 (UTC)

Chuck I've seen on your user page that you're recently trying to teach yourself Dutch and Slovene. What a two different languages you've picked. Since Slovene is my native, I am just informing you here if you need any assistance regarding Slovene, you're very wellcome. I can give you some if needed. I am trying to write in Slovene Wikipedia, but it is still in swathe, mainly because of its interface -- where there's a lot of work to be done. Get my best regards. Lep pozdrav in živjo... And finally thank you for correcting Crystal's words about Slovene. --XJamRastafire 00:38 Jan 10, 2003 (UTC)~

How have you decided that the X-System, esperanto.org, and Esperanto newsgroups are "irrelevant" to an article on Esperanto? Konfuzite via, Oliver P. 15:37 Feb 17, 2003 (UTC)

 * The X-System belongs on the article about Esperanto grammar, where it is now. Esperanto.net is much superior to Esperanto.org, so it is not necessary here (plus it seems unprofessional).  The Esperanto newsgroups are not useful to English speakers who can't speak Esperanto and just want information about Esperanto.  If they speak Esperanto, they can find out about them in the Esperanto Wikipedia.  --Chuck SMITH

 * Ah, you meant "unneeded", rather than "irrelevant". ("Irrelevant" would mean that they didn't relate to the subject of the article, which isn't the case here.) The writing system is orthography, not grammar. Tell you what, can I put a link in Esperanto to Esperanto orthography, and move x-system there? The x-system article spends half its time talking about Unicode and the h-system anyway! As for the newsgroups, alt.esperanto.beginner and alt.esperanto.komencanto are specifically for beginners, who would be scared off by the Esperanto Wikipedia. Heck, I'm scared of it, and I became an Esperantist more than eight years ago. :) Any objections to my putting those two back in? -- Oliver P. 16:41 Feb 17, 2003 (UTC)

 * Great idea! You can go ahead and put the newsgroups back in, but perhaps they would go better under Esperanto culture...  I don't know.  In Wikipedia, we try to keep our external links down to a minimum, just to the really outstanding webpages.  I even removed the link to esperanto.org from the English page of esperanto.net, because of its lack of professionalism.  We used to have 12 external links from this Wikipedia article and I weeded it down to the 4 most essential and now I see more popping up...  Also, don't be scared of the Esperanto Wikipedia, we don't bite.  ;-)  --Chuck SMITH

Chuck,

In response to your invitation to talk via Instant Messenger, I'm sorry but I don't know what that is. I've vaguely heard the name, but it's not something I'd know how to have access to.

As regards the specifics of your comment: Talk:Esperanto culture is probably the place for me to reply, which I'll do probably fairly soon.

Regards,

--Trainspotter 13:19 7 Jul 2003 (UTC)

Hi. Candidates for Brilliant Prose need to be nominated on Brilliant prose candidates. RickK 02:27, 22 Dec 2003 (UTC)

 * Hey, I answered you on User:stardust's discussion page. --Chuck SMITH 02:35, 22 Dec 2003 (UTC)

Have replied. Trainspotter 17:27, 1 Jun 2004 (UTC)

Sonja Elen Kisa
Check out Votes_for_deletion/Sonja_Elen_Kisa if you want to participate.

RFC pages on VfD
Should RFC pages be placed on VfD to be deleted? I'm considering removing Requests for comment/Slrubenstein, Requests for comment/Jwrosenzweig and Requests for comment/John Kenney from WP:VFD. Each of them was listed by CheeseDreams. Your comments on whether I should do this would be appreciated. - Ta bu shi da yu 03:28, 10 Dec 2004 (UTC)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Image:1963-BHHk.jpg
Hi! Thanks for uploading Image:1963-BHHk.jpg. I notice it currently doesn't have an image copyright tag. Could you add one to let us know its copyright status? (You can use if you release it under the GFDL, or  if you claim fair use, etc.) If you don't know what any of this means, just let me know where you got the images and I'll tag them for you. Thanks so much,   – Quadell (talk) (help)   02:25, Dec 20, 2004 (UTC)

Nice coincidence
Hey Chuck, I know you! I met you in the train from Utrecht to Rotterdam about 1 1/2 years ago and we had a lengthy talk about Esperanto. Unfortunately I haven't become a real Esperantist (yet); recently I went to the IEA bookshop however and bought an Asterix comic in Esperanto. I see you're doing a lot here and of course at eo: - have become a wikimaniac myself recently, but not here. My English is too poor, you know. Caesarion 19:23, 31 Mar 2005 (UTC)

(You can remove this after having read it - it's no use for other people)

Science pearls
Hi,

I address you as the ambassador of your wikipedia. Please notice the above project.

This project, more than other projects, will benefit from inter-wiki cooperation. Can you post a message regarding this project at your wikipedia village pump?

Thanks for your help, APH from the English wiki

NYC wpans
Who else in NY might I want to contact? Did you ever make it to another of the meetups there? +sj +

Esperanto Wikipedia deletions
Hi Chuck,

someone has uploaded copyrighted material to the Esperanto Wikipedia. I was looking for a way to list it for deletion but there is no eo: section at the Multilingual speedy deletions page at Meta. Is there a deletion template for eo:? If so, it should be listed there. If not, I guess I should just list the file in question itself, right?. TerokNor 21:00, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Could you tell me what the article in question was? --Chuck SMITH 08:35, 18 April 2006 (UTC)

User Pennsylvania
I was clearing out Wikipedians/Pennsylvania. I added this template to your page. Feel free to remove it, and thanks for understanding. --evrik 04:33, 18 September 2006 (UTC)

Calgary Esperanto Centre
I've added the "prod" template to the article Calgary Esperanto Centre, suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process. All contributions are appreciated, but I don't believe it satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and I've explained why in the deletion notice (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). Please either work to improve the article if the topic is worthy of inclusion in Wikipedia, or, if you disagree with the notice, discuss the issues at Talk:Calgary Esperanto Centre. Removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, but the article may still be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached, or if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria. Brianyoumans 07:25, 29 December 2006 (UTC)
 * There is not really a discussion under the proposed deletion process - you just tag the article for deletion, and after five days an admin will look at the article and either delete it or decide that it needs more discussion. I'm not sure what the usual procedure is for recreating an article deleted like this; there is a deletion review process, or you could just recreate it. Brianyoumans 20:43, 10 January 2007 (UTC)

Esperanto Wikipedia: Policy re "krokodilado"?
Hi. What's the policy about "krokodilado" on Esperanto Wikipedia? (E.g. http://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conquistador ) -- Writtenonsand 17:15, 5 April 2007 (UTC)

There is no policy about krokodilado on the Esperanto Wikipedia. --Chuck SMITH 12:51, 18 April 2007 (UTC)

Toki Pona

 * I removed your comments from Articles_for_deletion/Toki_Pona_%282nd_nomination%29, as it is generally desired to archive these debates as they are at the time of the closure of the deletion. If you want to 'appeal' the deletion decision, the place to do it is Deletion_Review, although I believe they suggest you discuss your concerns with the closing admin first.  -  Aagtbdfoua 22:31, 20 June 2007 (UTC)

The Rocky Horror Picture Show
You are listed as one of the earlier editors of this article that still maintains their membership. I invite you to visit the peer review for the current article here.--Amadscientist 09:01, 2 August 2007 (UTC)

JSPWiki a "core application in the Glassfish Application Server" - please explain
Hello,

In your revision of the JSPWiki article as of 05:28, 27 June 2006, you added the following sentence: "JSPWiki is included as a core application in the Glassfish Application Server." This sentence has persisted to this day. Could you explain what you meant by this sentence? I've installed Glassfish on my computer, and subsequently performed two system-wide searches for "jspwiki" and "JSPWiki", respectively, which have yielded no result. Itayb 10:02, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

I recently wrote a message to the JSPWiki list asking for more details. You can follow the discussion at http://www.ecyrd.com/pipermail/jspwiki-users/2007-September/005004.html --Chuck SMITH 12:33, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

Danko, Chuck. Will do. Itayb 14:09, 11 September 2007 (UTC)

File:1963-BHHk.jpg
Just to let you know that I recently copied the above image that you uploaded to Wikipedia over to WikiMedia Commons, the Wikimedia central media repository for all free media. The image had been tagged with the template. Your image is now available to all Wikimedia projects at the following location: Commons:File:1963-BHHk.jpg. The original version of the image uploaded to Wikipedia has been tagged with WP:CSD. Cheers! --Captain-tucker (talk) 02:07, 11 February 2009 (UTC)

Your user page
I found your old user page while checking out some old deleted contributions. I have history merged it, so that all edits are in one place. Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 15:56, 14 March 2009 (UTC)

File:Esperanto Wikipedia advert for Pasporta Servo.bmp listed for deletion
An image or media file that you uploaded or altered, File:Esperanto Wikipedia advert for Pasporta Servo.bmp, has been listed at Files for deletion. Please see the discussion to see why this is (you may have to search for the title of the image to find its entry), if you are interested in it not being deleted. Papa November (talk) 13:57, 18 March 2009 (UTC)

Your old user name and my further work on your user page
Hi Chuck, I've been exploring very old edits of Wikipedia and found a username you used in 2001,. I've just created an account with that name, and redirected the user and talk pages of that old account to your current user and talk pages. Since you abandoned the ChuckSmith account before the MediaWiki software was installed on Wikipedia, it was left wide open and malcontents might have been able to register it. It's now possible to import edits from the Nostalgia Wikipedia, so I've imported all the edits that were made by the ChuckSmith account to the current English Wikipedia database. Some of those edits involved your old user page, so that's why I was moving it around again. Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 12:52, 5 January 2010 (UTC)

Mind Map
Hello Chuck! I am just curious where you first learnt about Mind Mapping and Mind Maps. I am beginning a long research project on this topic and noticed that you were one of the first contributors to the Mind Map article. Thanks. -- Contributions/Skychildandsonofthesun SKY  child   18:48, 16 January 2010 (UTC)

Nomination of Esperanto music for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Esperanto music is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Esperanto music (2nd nomination) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on good quality evidence, and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion template from the top of the article. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 19:29, 13 February 2012 (UTC)

LibraryThing-o en Esperanto
Kara amiko! La tradukado de LibraryThing-o al Esperanto bone progresis. Dankegon al "Annix"! Vidu http://epo.librarything.com/zeitgeist/language/epo paĝon pri la ĝis nun plej ofte aldonitaj verkoj kaj aŭtoroj. Tamen necesas pligrandigi la bazon de la esperantlingvaj kunlaborantoj, de la esperantlingvaj libroemuloj. Bv. sekvi (provizorajn) klarigojn haveblajn ĉe http://epo.librarything.com/topic/134789. Antaŭdankon! ·לערי ריינהארט·T·m:[//meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/user_talk:%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98?action=history Th]·T·email me· 20:50, 27 March 2012 (UTC)

Invitation to join the Ten Year Society
Dear Chuck,

I'd like to extend a cordial invitation to you to join the Ten Year Society, an informal group for editors who've been participating in the Wikipedia project for ten years or more.

Best regards, — Hex    (❝  ?!  ❞)   11:18, 22 November 2012 (UTC).

Nomination of Toki Pona for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Toki Pona is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Toki Pona & until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Amir E. Aharoni (talk) 16:45, 15 March 2013 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Friendship book

The article Friendship book has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * No sources. Could be a total invention.

While all constructive contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. In particular, the speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. GeorgeLouis (talk) 06:29, 31 May 2013 (UTC)

Your user page
Hi Chuck, I found your user talk page at while doing some wikiarchaeology. . I have restored all of its earliest surviving revisions from old copies of the Wikipedia database, so they are available to everyone now. I have also history merged your current talk page with its older edits at Talk:Chuck Smith (pastor). Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 06:48, 25 June 2013 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Notification of pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in more than one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next month. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e. as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised, that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions, and that you have not been inactive for a three-year period of time). If you remain inactive for a three-year period of time, including the present year you have been inactive, you will need to request reinstatement at WP:RFA. This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. MadmanBot (talk) 00:30, 1 June 2016 (UTC)

Two-Factor Authentication now available for admins
Hello,

Please note that TOTP based two-factor authentication is now available for all administrators. In light of the recent compromised accounts, you are encouraged to add this additional layer of security to your account. It may be enabled on your preferences page in the "User profile" tab under the "Basic information" section. For basic instructions on how to enable two-factor authentication, please see the developing help page for additional information. Important: Be sure to record the two-factor authentication key and the single use keys. If you lose your two factor authentication and do not have the keys, it's possible that your account will not be recoverable. Furthermore, you are encouraged to utilize a unique password and two-factor authentication for the email account associated with your Wikimedia account. This measure will assist in safeguarding your account from malicious password resets. Comments, questions, and concerns may be directed to the thread on the administrators' noticeboard. MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 20:33, 12 November 2016 (UTC)

A new user right for New Page Patrollers
Hi.

A new user group, New Page Reviewer, has been created in a move to greatly improve the standard of new page patrolling. The user right can be granted by any admin at PERM. It is highly recommended that admins look beyond the simple numerical threshold and satisfy themselves that the candidates have the required skills of communication and an advanced knowledge of notability and deletion. Admins are automatically included in this user right.

It is anticipated that this user right will significantly reduce the work load of admins who patrol the performance of the patrollers. However,due to the complexity of the rollout, some rights may have been accorded that may later need to be withdrawn, so some help will still be needed to some extent when discovering wrongly applied deletion tags or inappropriate pages that escape the attention of less experienced reviewers, and above all, hasty and bitey tagging for maintenance. User warnings are available here but very often a friendly custom message works best.

If you have any questions about this user right, don't hesitate to join us at WT:NPR. (Sent to all admins) .MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 13:47, 15 November 2016 (UTC)

Administrators' newsletter - February 2017
News and updates for administrators from the past month (January 2017). This first issue is being sent out to all administrators, if you wish to keep receiving it please subscribe. Your feedback is welcomed.

Administrator changes
 * Gnome-colors-list-add.svg NinjaRobotPirate • Schwede66 • K6ka • Ealdgyth • Ferret • Cyberpower678 • Mz7 • Primefac • Dodger67
 * Gnome-colors-list-remove.svg Briangotts • JeremyA • BU Rob13

Guideline and policy news
 * A discussion to workshop proposals to amend the administrator inactivity policy at Wikipedia talk:Administrators has been in process since late December 2016.
 * Pending changes/Request for Comment 2016 closed with no consensus for implementing Pending changes level 2 with new criteria for use.
 * Following an RfC, an activity requirement is now in place for bots and bot operators.

Technical news
 * When performing some administrative actions the reason field briefly gave suggestions as text was typed. This change has since been reverted so that issues with the implementation can be addressed. (T34950)
 * Following the latest RfC concluding that Pending Changes 2 should not be used on the English Wikipedia, an RfC closed with consensus to remove the options for using it from the page protection interface, a change which has now been made. (T156448)
 * The Foundation has announced a new community health initiative to combat harassment. This should bring numerous improvements to tools for admins and CheckUsers in 2017.

Arbitration
 * The Arbitration Committee released a response to the Wikimedia Foundation's statement on paid editing and outing.

Obituaries
 * JohnCD (John Cameron Deas) passed away on 30 December 2016. John began editing Wikipedia seriously during 2007 and became an administrator in November 2009.

Discuss this newsletter • Subscribe • Archive

13:38, 1 February 2017 (UTC)

Notification of pending suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in more than one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next month. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e. as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised, that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions, and that you have not been inactive for a three-year period of time). If you remain inactive for a three-year period of time, including the present year you have been inactive, you will need to request reinstatement at WP:RFA. This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. MadmanBot (talk) 01:30, 1 June 2017 (UTC)

Notification of imminent suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in more than one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions will be removed pending your return if you do not return to activity within the next several days. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated should this occur, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e. as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised, that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions, and that you have not been inactive for a three-year period of time). If you remain inactive for a three-year period of time, including the present year you have been inactive, you will need to request reinstatement at WP:RFA. This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. — xaosflux  Talk 01:08, 24 June 2017 (UTC)

Suspension of administrative permissions due to inactivity
Following a community discussion in June 2011, consensus was reached to provisionally suspend the administrative permissions of users who have been inactive for one year (i.e. administrators who have not made any edits or logged actions in more than one year). As a result of this discussion, your administrative permissions have been removed pending your return. If you wish to have these permissions reinstated, please post to the Bureaucrats' noticeboard and the userright will be restored per the re-sysopping process (i.e. as long as the attending bureaucrats are reasonably satisfied that your account has not been compromised, that your inactivity did not have the effect of evading scrutiny of any actions which might have led to sanctions, and that you have not been inactive for a three-year period of time). If you remain inactive for a three-year period of time, including the present year you have been inactive, you will need to request reinstatement at WP:RFA. This removal of access is procedural only, and not intended to reflect negatively upon you in any way. We wish you the best in future endeavors, and thank you for your past administrative efforts. — xaosflux  Talk 11:58, 1 July 2017 (UTC)

Nomination of Tony Buzan for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Tony Buzan is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Tony Buzan until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Guy (Help!) 19:10, 21 November 2018 (UTC)

Invitation to join the Fifteen Year Society
Dear ,

I'd like to extend a cordial invitation to you to join the Fifteen Year Society, an informal group for editors who've been participating in the Wikipedia project for fifteen years or more.

Best regards, Urhixidur (talk) 16:39, 6 June 2019 (UTC)

Nomination of Friendship book for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Friendship book is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Friendship book& until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Ten Pound Hammer • (What did I screw up now?) 17:41, 16 November 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Chuck SMITH


text:
User talk:Verloren

Nice work on Minnesota, Paul. --trimalchio

Thanks for pointing out the ambiguity in labarum - hope this is clearer! --MichaelTinkler

You flatter me... I love you...I love you all! -- Verloren

Hey Verloren -- I thought (because my Londoner husband has pounded into my head) that Cockneys really are only in a specific part of the East End, i.e., within hearing distance of the Bells of Bow(e) (sp?) User:JHK

JHK - you're right (though I believe the common term is Bow bells). I don't know if that's an 'official' definition because Cockney isn't necessarily an 'official' designation.

I strongly disagree with removing links (e.g., apple in Cockney rhyming slang on the grounds that it doesn't add to the understanding of the article. I think all internal links are a good thing. I facilitates cross-topic browsing. --User:Dmerrill

 * I, on the other hand, agree with removing links of low (if not 'no') relevancy to the current article, like the 'homo sapiens' for 'men' in heresy. Links like that are distracting.  A few months ago someone (magnus?) suggested that in some wonderful future incarnation of the software linking will be irrelevant and every word will be clickable.  Until then, I think that if you have a sudden curiosity about what 'apple' is, that's what the search box is for.  --MichaelTinkler

 * I hadn't analyzed it in depth, but for me there are two reasons to link a piece of text:
 * 1. The term is unfamiliar to the general reader
 * 2. The linked article is useful in understanding the current article, but something of a detour (which is why the explanation is not in the main article)

 * Links done for other reasons are confusing:
 * 1. They look untidy/unattractive (especially when used to refer to plurals such as apples.
 * 2. It falsely suggests that the reader would gain a better understanding of this article by hopping over to the linked one. Linking to faith in the Aquinas quote is a suprisingly good example - although I know what faith is, that article contrasts faith with belief in an enlightening way.  Against this the 'men' link told me almost nothing about men in relation to heresy, instead explaining tool making etc.  Very interesting, but not relevant.

 * So apple is a concept I feel I'm pretty much on top of, and while the linked article is very good, it doesn't add anything to my understanding of Cockney Rhyming Slang. As for cross-topic browsing, I think limiting people to relevant but tangential articles lets them coverage a broad spectrum of interest, without incurring the problems mentioned above.  Thanks for the comments both ways!  User:Verloren

Hi Verloren, Please at least respond to me, I've moved this comment to the bottom of the page as that seems to be to usual practice. Perry. User: Perry Bebbington here, can we discuss you my insertion and your removal of the link to Encarta in the article about Nottingham please?

I did think twice about putting it in. Encarta is another encycopedia, of a different kind. It is Microsoft, which has a very different ethic to the one behind Wikipedia. I decided that it was worth putting the link in because it does link to useful, accurate information about Nottingham. Surely this is what Wikipedia is about - accurate information for all to share? If Encarta has relevant information are we so proud that we are not going to refer to it?

What do you think? User: Perry Bebbington

Sorry for not getting back to you sooner - I'm not as active as I used to be, so don't check this page too often. I removed the link not because we shouldn't endorse Encarta (a good resource), but a) If it's useful information I'd rather see it included in Wikipedia directly, and more importantly b) because the link doesn't serve a useful purpose. If you have a link to a history of heraldry in Nottingham, or a thesis on the influence of the river Trent on the lace trade or best of all a site with lots of pictures of Nottingham, then by all means link it. But linking to Encarta, or any other encyclopedia (or dictionary) is superfluous. Of course Encarta has an interesting article about Nottingham, it's an encyclopedia! Why not just reduce Wikipedia to a list of stubs pointing to Encarta, Britannia, Merriam-Webster etc? Thanks for the comment - let me know what you think!

Hi Verloren, now I understand why you removed the link I am happy. I agree with you, I just had not thought of it like that. Thanks for answering my query. I've not been on here much lately. I did write various articles on subjects I know about, but it is getting harder to find gaps I can fill. I don't want to get into doing research on subjects I don't know anything about, as some people like to do. All the best, Perry. User: Perry Bebbington

Concerning the stats page: Wow, I had no idea this had been changed. Looks like the definition of what is considered to be an article is now more conservative. Before very short articles were counted as articles as were blank pages (if I remember correctly). But this doesn't appear to be the case anymore. I know a few sysops have deleted (myself included) hundreds of blank, "Describe the new page here" pages along with other garbage pages. For any more info on this please ask wikiware guru user:Brion VIBBER. Cheers! --maveric149

Hi Verloren,

Please specify within the entry of why this Sinclair Research ZX81 computer is special to video games that it should be included in the video game timeline.

Thanks,

Tonius 18:03|2003.08.15

Good point, if it is one of the first 'personal' computers to play video games then it's good to stay. I'll probably mention the names of the 1958 analog computer and the 1961 mainframe computers since they're the first to ever play "video" games.

Last night I figured out that there are literally hundreds (if not thousands) of versions of the earliest home computers that can play video games. That's why I've been trying to weed the all of them out of the list until I got more information about them (suspended until further notice).

Thus, I or we will try to include only the ones that are special to the video game history, just like only the major home consoles (because there are even hundreds/thousands of console clone versions all over the world and if I were to include all of these pc/console clones together then this would become a super long list and then it'll start to become an almost any VG computer timeline.)

It's possible in the future that I'll single out the outstanding PC manufacturers for video games as well.

If you could, just write on the side of your entries a sidenote about being one of the first to play video games for a (home) PC.

Thanks for your help and thanks for the praise,

User talk:Tonius 18:55|2003.08.15

Hi Verloren:

Allow me to present my apologies for what happened by letting you be the first to know of the 4 newest webpages linked to the Timeline of video games.

 * E3 2003 (Electronic Entertainment Expo)
 * · The 9th annual expo is held at the Los Angeles Convention Center
 * · The 6th annual Game Critics Awards For The Best Of E3
 * Gama Network (a division of CMP Media LLC, owned by United Business Media)
 * · hosts the 5th annual Independent Games Festival (IGF)
 * GDC (Game Developers Conference)
 * · hosts the 3rd annual Game Developers Choice Awards

 * AIAS Hall Of Fame

Sorry & Enjoy,

User:Tonius 03:09|2003.08.16

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 2000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Minneapolis meetup
Hello Verloren. I'm contacting you since you are listed at Wikipedians/Minnesota. I'm going to be at a conference in Minneapolis and am planning a Wikipedia meetup for October 8. If you are near Minneapolis at that time, please see Meetup/Minneapolis. Angela. 20:44, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

Minnesota
You may want to know the article you helped create, Minnesota is on its way towards becoming a featured article. As part of that I am checking the info and finding references. I don't suppose you can think back 4 years and remember where you picked up the geography tidbits, can you? . Thanks -Ravedave (help name my baby) 05:43, 18 October 2006 (UTC)
 * Oh, and there is also a 2006 meetup, Meetup/Minneapolis - Ravedave (help name my baby) 05:46, 18 October 2006 (UTC)

Minnesota meetup
 Sunday, 2007-10-07, one p.m. (13:00) Pracna on Main 117 Main SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota Map Please pass this on! RSVP here.  Spam delivered by Jonathunder 17:48, 30 September 2007 (UTC)

Welcome!

Hello,, and welcome to Wikipedia! Thank you for your contributions. I hope you like the place and decide to stay. Here are some pages that you might find helpful: I hope you enjoy editing here and being a Wikipedian! Please sign your messages on discussion pages using four tildes ( ~ ); this will automatically insert your username and the date. If you need help, check out Questions, ask me on, or ask your question on this page and then place  before the question. Again, welcome! DougsTech (talk) 08:34, 5 August 2008 (UTC)
 * The five pillars of Wikipedia
 * Tutorial
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AfD nomination of Elephant in the room
I have nominated Elephant in the room, an article you created, for deletion. I do not think that this article satisfies Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and have explained why at Articles for deletion/Elephant in the room. Your opinions on the matter are welcome at that same discussion page; also, you are welcome to edit the article to address these concerns. Thank you for your time. Ten Pound Hammer and his otters • (Broken clamshells • Otter chirps • HELP) 22:38, 18 September 2008 (UTC)

Your user page
I found your old user page while checking out some old edits. I have history merged it, so that all edits are in one place. Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 11:17, 16 September 2009 (UTC)

Minnesota Meetup
 2009 Proposed date: Saturday, October 10. Details under discussion. Please share this with anyone who may be interested.  Delivered by Jonathunder (talk) 22:23, 18 September 2009 (UTC)

Taman Shud
Hi, just a quick note to let you know I have reverted your edit of hyperdontia to anodontia, I agree with you that it is hyperdontia however the only reference that I could find states anodontia, and as has been noted elsewhere wp runs on verifiability, so as long as the reference says anodontia that is what it is. If you can find a reference that says otherwise please feel free to revert it cheers Matt (talk) 02:21, 6 December 2009 (UTC)

ArbCom elections are now open!
MediaWiki message delivery (talk) 08:51, 23 November 2015 (UTC)

Invitation to join the Fifteen Year Society
Dear ,

I'd like to extend a cordial invitation to you to join the Fifteen Year Society, an informal group for editors who've been participating in the Wikipedia project for fifteen years or more.

Best regards, Urhixidur (talk) 02:43, 9 June 2019 (UTC)

title: User talk:Verloren