text:
1713

January–March

 * January 17 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia out of Albemarle County, North Carolina, in a second offensive against the Tuscarora. Heavy snows force the troops to take refuge in Fort Reading, on the Pamlico River.
 * February 1 – Skirmish at Bender, Moldova: Charles XII of Sweden is defeated by the Ottoman Empire.
 * February 4 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia under Colonel James Moore leaves Fort Reading, to continue the campaign against the Tuscarora.
 * February 25 – Frederick William I of Prussia begins his reign.
 * March 1 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia lays siege to the Tuscaroran stronghold of Fort Neoheroka, located a few miles up Contentnea Creek from Fort Hancock.
 * March 20 – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore's Carolina militia launches a major offensive against Fort Neoheroka.
 * March 23 – Tuscarora War: Fort Neoheroka falls to the Carolina militia, effectively ending the Tuscarora nation's military strength. Two Tuscaroran allies, the Machapunga and Coree tribes, continue offensive actions against North Carolina.
 * March 27 – First Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and Spain: Philip V is accepted by Britain and Austria as king of Spain; Spain cedes Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain.

April–June

 * April 11 – The Second Treaty of Utrecht between Great Britain and France ends the War of the Spanish Succession. France cedes Newfoundland, Acadia, Hudson Bay and St Kitts to Great Britain.
 * April 14 – First performance, in London, of Joseph Addison's libertarian play Cato, a Tragedy, which will be influential on both sides of the Atlantic.
 * April 19 – With no living male heirs, Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, issues the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713, to ensure one of his daughters will inherit the Habsburg lands.
 * May 1 – As part of the Treaty of Utrecht, the Spanish Crown agrees the Asiento de Negros with Anne, Queen of Great Britain, granting a subsidiary of the British South Sea Company, the Real Asiento de Inglaterra, a 30-year monopoly in the supply of African slaves to colonial Spanish America.
 * May 2 – In the Great Northern War, a fleet of the Russian Navy, transporting 12,000 soldiers, sails from Kronstadt to attack the Swedish Army at Helsinki.
 * May 6 – The Parliament of Ireland is dissolved by Queen Anne and new elections are set.
 * May 13 – King Philip V of Spain issues an auto accordado that changes the order of succession for the Spanish throne allowing a female descendant within the House of Bourbon to rule. The change will allow his great-great-granddaughter to ascend the throne in 1833 as Queen Isabella II.
 * May 17 – Ottone in villa, the first opera by composer Antonio Vivaldi, is given its initial performance, debuting at the Teatro delle Grazie in Vicenza
 * May 21 – Great Northern War: The Russian fleet lands a force of 10,000 men at Pernå on the southern coast of Finland.
 * June 1 (approx.) – Tuscarora War: Colonel James Moore leads the Carolina militia into the Pamlico Peninsula to defeat the Machapunga and Coree tribes.
 * June 23 – French residents of Acadia are given one year to declare allegiance to Great Britain, or leave Nova Scotia.

July–September

 * July 9 – The Junta de Braços (parliament) of the Principality of Catalonia votes in favour of staying in the War of the Spanish Succession against Philip V of Spain. Army of Catalonia raised.
 * July 13 – The Treaty of Portsmouth brings an end to Queen Anne's War.
 * August 8 – The Parliament of Great Britain, third since the Act of Union, is dissolved
 * August 22 – Voting begins in the 1713 British general election in various constituencies and continues to November 12
 * September 1 – Tuscarora War: The Carolina militia, led by Colonel James Moore, returns to South Carolina, after mixed success in the campaign against the Machapunga and Coree tribes.

October–December

 * October 6 – The Treaty of Schwedt is signed between Russia and Brandenburg-Prussia, with the latter accepting the annexation of Baltic territories and paying Russia expenses in return for the southern part of Pomerania, recently taken from Sweden in the Great Northern War.
 * October 17 – The Battle of Pälkäne is fought in what is now Finland between Russia and Sweden, with Russia's Fyodor Arpaskin forcing Finnish troops under Carl Gustaf Armfeldt to withdraw.
 * November 6 – The Dublin election riot breaks out during the fiercely contested Irish General Election.
 * November 12 – The 1713 British general election concludes with the conservative Tories winning 358 of the 558 available seats in the House of Commons, and the liberal Whigs having 200.
 * December 9 – As part of the agreements made at Utrecht to end the War of the Spanish Succession, Great Britain and Spain sign a treaty of commerce and navigation.
 * December 10 – The rebellion of Richard Raworth, Deputy Governor of Fort St. David (now abandoned and in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu near Cuddalore), against the British East India Company comes to an end after two months when forces sent by Bridish Madras Governor Edward Harrison to negotiate a settlement allowing Raworth to surrender in return for amnesty.
 * December 21 – Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy is crowned King of Sicily at Palermo, and his wife Anne Marie is crowned as Queen consort. The coronation follows Spain's recognition of Sicilian independence, effective September 22, as part of the Treaty of Utrecht.

Date unknown

 * Ars Conjectandi, a seminal work on probability by Jacob Bernoulli, is published eight years after his death, by his nephew, Niklaus Bernoulli.
 * Basil Matthew II becomes Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.
 * San Basilio de Palenque officially becomes the first free African town in America, being the first independent place in America from Europeans.

Births

January

 * January 1 – Carl Gustaf Warmholtz, Swedish writer (d. 1785)
 * January 2 – Marie Dumesnil, French actress (d. 1803)
 * January 5 – Jorge Juan y Santacilia, Spanish mathematician and naval officer (d. 1773)
 * January 7 – Giovanni Battista Locatelli, Italian impresario and librettist (d. 1785)
 * January 13 – Charlotte Charke, British actor and writer (d. 1760)
 * January 17 – Jean Chrétien Fischer, French general (d. 1762)
 * January 18 – Grigory Spiridov, Russian admiral (d. 1790)
 * January 22 – Marc-Antoine Laugier, French Jesuit priest and architectural theorist (d. 1769)
 * January 25 – Gang Se-hwang, Joseon Dynasty painter (d. 1791)
 * January 29 – Edmé-François Mallet, French writer (d. 1755)
 * January 31
 * Anthony Benezet, French-born American abolitionist and educator (d. 1784)
 * Adam Drummond, Scottish merchant banker and politician (d. 1786)

February

 * February 2 – Maria Margarida de Lorena, 2nd Duchess of Abrantes, Portuguese noblewoman and courtier (d. 1780)
 * February 5 – Edwin Lascelles, 1st Baron Harewood, British Baron (d. 1795)
 * February 7 – Sir Henry Moore, 1st Baronet, Governor of Jamaica and New York (d. 1769)
 * February 11 – Diane Adélaïde de Mailly-Nesle, Mistress of Louis XV (d. 1769)
 * February 12 – Kenrick Clayton, British politician (d. 1769)
 * February 13 – Domènec Terradellas, Spanish opera composer (d. 1751)
 * February 14
 * Jan ten Compe, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1761)
 * Vittoria Ligari, Italian painter (d. 1783)
 * February 20 – Anna Maria Elvia, Swedish feminist writer (d. 1784)
 * February 26 – Pyotr Sheremetev, Russian noble (d. 1788)
 * February 28 – Louis-Auguste-Augustin d'Affry, French diplomat (d. 1793)

March

 * March 2 – Giammaria Ortes, Italian composer and academic (d. 1790)
 * March 5
 * Edward Cornwallis, British military officer, first Governor of Nova Scotia (d. 1776)
 * Frederick Cornwallis, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1783)
 * March 8 – Gian Carlo Passeroni, Italian writer (d. 1803)
 * March 9 – Daniel Fones, American military commander (d. 1790)
 * March 12 – Johann Adolph Hass, German clavichord maker (d. 1771)
 * March 15 – Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (d. 1762)
 * March 17 – Sir Charles Asgill, 1st Baronet, British politician (d. 1788)
 * March 21 – Francis Lewis, Signatory of the US Declaration of Independence, from Wales (d. 1803)
 * March 23 – Bowen Southwell, Irish politician (d. 1796)
 * March 26 – Peter Oliver, Massachusetts loyalist colonial judge (d. 1791)
 * March 28 – Juan Nentvig, German anthropologist (d. 1768)
 * March 29 – John Ponsonby, Irish politician (d. 1787)

April

 * April 2 – Pier Francesco Foggini, Italian writer (d. 1783)
 * April 3 – William Inglis, Scottish surgeon (d. 1792)
 * April 7 – Nicola Sala, Italian opera composer and music theorist (d. 1801)
 * April 10 – John Whitehurst, English clockmaker (d. 1788)
 * April 11 – Luise Gottsched, German poet, playwright, essayist and translator (d. 1762)
 * April 12
 * Sir Edward Crofton, 4th Baronet, Anglo-Irish politician (d. 1745)
 * Guillaume Thomas François Raynal, French writer, man of letters (d. 1796)
 * April 13 – Pierre Jélyotte, French operatic tenor (d. 1797)
 * April 17 – Samuel Graves, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1787)
 * April 21
 * Anna Maria Hilfeling, Swedish artist (d. 1783)
 * Louis de Noailles, French peer and Marshal of France (d. 1793)
 * April 22
 * Brita Sophia De la Gardie, Swedish actress (d. 1797)
 * Peter Du Cane Sr., British businessman (d. 1803)

May

 * May 6 – Charles Batteux, French philosopher, writer on aesthetics (d. 1780)
 * May 7 – Charles Townley, British Officer of Arms (d. 1774)
 * May 11 – James Drummond, 3rd Duke of Perth, Scottish Jacobite army officer (d. 1746)
 * May 13
 * Alexis Clairaut, French mathematician, astronomer, and geophysicist (d. 1765)
 * Louis François de Monteynard, French soldier, statesman (d. 1791)
 * May 15
 * József Károly Hell, Hungarian mining engineer (d. 1789)
 * Edward Wortley Montagu, British politician, traveller and author (d. 1776)
 * May 17 – Élie Bertrand, Swiss scientist (d. 1797)
 * May 25
 * Andrzej Mokronowski, Polish general (d. 1783)
 * John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, British politician, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1792)
 * May 31 – Giuseppe Maria Buonaparte, Corsican politician (d. 1763)

June

 * June 3 – Robert Petre, 8th Baron Petre, British peer, renowned horticulturist (d. 1742)
 * June 10 – Princess Caroline of Great Britain, fourth child and third daughter of George II (d. 1757)
 * June 11
 * John Allen, 3rd Viscount Allen, Irish politician (d. 1745)
 * Edward Capell, English Shakespearean scholar; (d. 1781)
 * June 13
 * Imperial Noble Consort Chunhui, Consort of Chinese Emperor (d. 1760)
 * Antonio Eugenio Visconti, Italian cardinal (d. 1788)
 * June 16 – Meshech Weare, First Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1786)
 * June 17 – Hongjiao, Chinese Qing dynasty imperial prince (d. 1764)
 * June 20 – Georg Anton Urlaub, German painter (d. 1759)
 * June 22 – Lord John Sackville, English gentleman and cricketer (d. 1765)
 * June 25 – Marie-Marguerite Brun, French poet (d. 1794)
 * June 29 – Johannes de Bosch, painter from the Northern Netherlands (d. 1785)

July

 * July 1 – Benjamin Green, Nova Scotian merchant, judge, and political figure (d. 1772)
 * July 5
 * Stanhope Aspinwall, British diplomat (d. 1771)
 * Jean Godin des Odonais, French cartographer and naturalist (d. 1792)
 * July 9 – John Newbery, English publisher and bookseller (d. 1767)
 * July 10 – Anna Rosina de Gasc, German portrait painter (d. 1783)
 * July 14 – Nicole du Hausset, French memoirist (d. 1801)
 * July 16 – Carlo Murena, architect (d. 1764)
 * July 18
 * Robert Dundas of Arniston, the younger, Scottish judge (d. 1787)
 * Gaetano Matteo Pisoni, Swiss-Italian architect (d. 1782)
 * July 22 – Jacques-Germain Soufflot, French architect in neoclassicism (d. 1780)
 * July 23
 * Juan de Miralles, Spanish diplomat (d. 1780)
 * Luís António Verney, Portuguese philosopher and pedagogue (d. 1792)
 * July 27 – Princess Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, duchess consort of Saxe-Weimar (d. 1746)

August

 * August 1 – Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (d. 1780)
 * August 3 – Johan Georg Lillienberg, Swedish count and politician (d. 1798)
 * August 4
 * Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco, Spanish cartographer (d. 1785)
 * Princess Elisabeth Albertine of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Duchess consort of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1761)
 * August 6 – Marie Sophie de Courcillon, French noblewoman and Duchess of Rohan-Rohan, Princess of Soubise by marriage (d. 1756)
 * August 9 – James Murray, loyalist during the American Revolution (d. 1781)
 * August 11 – Lebbeus Harris, Canadian politician (d. 1792)
 * August 13 – David Franco Mendes, Dutch poet (d. 1792)
 * August 17 – Antoine de Montazet, French archbishop (d. 1788)
 * August 18 – Arthur Champagne, Irish Anglican priest (d. 1799)
 * August 25 – Vijaya Raghunatha Raya Tondaiman I, Raja of Pudukkottai (d. 1769)
 * August 27 – Anton August Beck, German engraver (d. 1787)

September

 * September 3 – Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye, one of the founders of the present province of Manitoba (d. 1736)
 * September 9 – Robert Bremner, British music publisher (d. 1789)
 * September 10
 * Gowin Knight, British physicist (d. 1772)
 * John Needham, English biologist and Roman Catholic priest (d. 1781)
 * September 13 – Giuseppe Maria Buondelmonti, Italian philosopher (d. 1757)
 * September 14
 * Johann Kies, German astronomer and mathematician (d. 1781)
 * Imperial Noble Consort Shujia, consort of the Qianlong Emperor (d. 1755)
 * September 16 – Charles Lucas, Irish apothecary, physician and politician (d. 1771)
 * September 20 – Louis Du Pont Duchambon de Vergor, French military officer (d. 1775)
 * September 21 – Domingo de Bonechea, Spanish explorer (d. 1775)
 * September 22 – Ferenc Farkas de Boldogfa, Hungarian nobleman, jurist, landowner, vice-ispán of the county of Zala (d. 1770)
 * September 23 – Ferdinand VI of Spain, king of Spain, lived (d. 1759)

October

 * October 2 – Henry Tucker of The Grove, Bermudian merchant, politician and Militia officer (d. 1787)
 * October 3 – Antoine Dauvergne, French composer and violinist (d. 1797)
 * October 5 – Denis Diderot, French philosopher (d. 1784)
 * October 7 – Granville Elliott, Army General, British military expert, working for Britain and Palatine forces (d. 1759)
 * October 8 – Yechezkel Landau, influential Polish authority on halakha (Jewish law) (d. 1793)
 * October 9 – Mikhail Volkonsky, Russian statesman and military figure from the House of Volkonsky (d. 1788)
 * October 12 – Khawaja Muhammad Zaman of Luari, Sindhi Sufi poet (d. 1775)
 * October 13
 * Allan Ramsay, Scottish portrait painter (d. 1784)
 * Jacques de Romas, French physicist (d. 1776)
 * October 20
 * Benjamin Andrew, American politician (d. 1790)
 * James Cecil, 6th Earl of Salisbury, English noble (d. 1780)
 * Joseph Redlhamer, Austrian physicist (d. 1761)
 * October 23 – Pieter Burman the Younger, Dutch lawyer and philologist (d. 1778)
 * October 24 – Marie Fel, French opera singer (d. 1794)
 * October 30 – Giuseppe Antonio Landi, Italian architect and painter (d. 1791)

November

 * November 1 – Antonio Genovesi, Italian economist (d. 1769)
 * November 5 – Gorges Lowther, Member of the Irish House of Commons (d. 1792)
 * November 6 – Thomas Osborne, 4th Duke of Leeds, British politician (d. 1789)
 * November 13 – Nicolas Luton Durival, French historian (d. 1795)
 * November 14 – Blasius Columban, Baron von Bender, Luxembourgish politician (d. 1798)
 * November 17 – August de la Motte, German general (d. 1788)
 * November 24
 * Junípero Serra, Spanish Christian missionary (d. 1784)
 * Laurence Sterne, Anglo-Irish novelist and Anglican cleric (d. 1768)
 * November 28 – Georg Friedrich Brander, German precision mechanic and mathematician (d. 1783)
 * November 30 – Johann Balthasar Bullinger, Swiss landscape painter (d. 1793)

December

 * December 4 – Gasparo Gozzi, Venetian critic and dramatist (d. 1786)
 * December 9 – Abraham Bäck, physician (d. 1795)
 * December 10 – Johann Nicolaus Mempel, German composer and musician (d. 1747)
 * December 13 – John Baptist Caryll, third Jacobite Baron Caryll of Durford (d. 1788)
 * December 14 – Martin Knutzen, German philosopher (d. 1751)
 * December 15 – Welbore Ellis, 1st Baron Mendip, English politician (d. 1802)
 * December 17 – Antoine-Noé de Polier de Bottens, Swiss theologian (d. 1783)
 * December 19 – Jonathan Toup, British philologist (d. 1785)
 * December 23 – Maruyama Gondazaemon, Japanese sumo wrestler (d. 1749)
 * December 27 – Giovanni Battista Borra, Italian architect and engineer (d. 1770)
 * December 29
 * André-Joseph Blavier, Belgian composer (d. 1782)
 * Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer (d. 1762)
 * Herman Petersen, Swedish merchant (d. 1765)

Deaths

January

 * January 1
 * Giovanni Francesco Negroni, Italian cardinal (b. 1629)
 * Giuseppe Maria Tomasi, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1649)
 * January 2 – Lady Mary Butler, British noble; (b. 1689)
 * January 5 – Jean Chardin, French jeweler, traveler and author (b. 1643)
 * January 8 – Arcangelo Corelli, Italian violinist and composer (b. 1653)
 * January 11 – Pierre Jurieu, French Protestant leader (b. 1637)
 * January 12 – John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery, Governor of Jamaica, President of the British Royal Society (b. 1639)
 * January 20 – Pavao Ritter Vitezović, Croatian writer, historian, linguist and publisher (b. 1652)
 * January 26 – Scrope Howe, 1st Viscount Howe, English politician (b. 1648)

February

 * February 1 – Michael II Apafi, Prince of Transylvania (b. 1676)
 * February 2 – Marko Mesić, Croatian Roman Catholic priest (b. 1640)
 * February 3 – William Milman, English lawyer (b. 1650)
 * February 4 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, English politician and philosopher (b. 1671)
 * February 11 – Zulfiqar Khan Nusrat Jung, Nawab of the Carnatic (b. 1657)
 * February 12
 * Florence MacMoyer, last hereditary keeper of the Book of Armagh, (b. 1630)
 * Jahandar Shah, Mughal emperor (b. 1661)
 * Michele Antonio Vibò, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Turin, Apostolic Internuncio to France (b. 1630)
 * February 14
 * Louis Crato, Count of Nassau-Saarbrücken (b. 1663)
 * William Harrison, English poet and diplomat (b. 1685)
 * February 15 – Carlo Vigarani, Italian scenic designer (b. 1637)
 * February 25 – King Frederick I of Prussia (b. 1657)
 * February 26 – William Paget, 6th Baron Paget, English peer and ambassador (b. 1637)
 * February 28 – Samuel Whiting Jr., American clergyman 1633–1713 (b. 1633)

March

 * March 4 – Ireneo della Croce, Carmelite preacher and chronicler (b. 1625)
 * March 14 – Mary Cromwell, Countess Fauconberg, daughter of Oliver Cromwell (b. 1637)
 * March 15 – Wolfgang William Romer, Dutch military engineer (b. 1640)
 * March 17 – Juraj Jánošík, Slovak outlaw, known as the Slovak Robin Hood (executed) (b. 1688)
 * March 20 – Owen Buckingham, MP and Lord Mayor of London (b. 1649)
 * March 21 – Feodor Lopukhin, Russian lawyer, nobleman, colonel, courtier and Boyar (b. 1638)
 * March 22 – Robert Petre, 7th Baron Petre, British peer (b. 1689)
 * March 24 – Toussaint de Forbin-Janson, French Catholic cardinal and Bishop of Beauvais (b. 1631)
 * March 26
 * Paul I, Prince Esterházy, Palatine of Hungary and Prince of Holy Roman Empire (b. 1635)
 * Charles de Sévigné, French baron (b. 1648)
 * March 29 – Christian Thomsen Carl, Danish naval officer (b. 1676)
 * March 30 – Govert Bidloo, Dutch physician, anatomist, poet and playwright (b. 1649)

April

 * April 3 – Henri, Count of Brionne, French noble (b. 1661)
 * April 8
 * Leonardo Marsili, Roman Catholic archbishop (b. 1641)
 * Lucas Smout the Younger, Flemish painter (b. 1671)
 * April 11 – Anne Clausdatter, Norwegian businesswoman (b. 1659)
 * April 15 – Valentin Molitor, Swiss composer (b. 1637)
 * April 17 – David Hollatz, German theologian (b. 1648)
 * April 18 – Dorothea Marie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German princess (b. 1674)
 * April 20 – John Hay, 2nd Marquess of Tweeddale, Scottish nobleman (b. 1645)
 * April 21 – Paolo Naldini, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Capodistria (b. 1632)
 * April 24 – Edmund Meyrick, Welsh cleric (b. 1636)
 * April 27 – Marie Elisabeth zu Mecklenburg, princess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1646)

May

 * May 3 – Salathiel Lovell, British judge (b. 1631)
 * May 15 – Giuseppe Antonio Torri, architect (b. 1655)
 * May 19 – Samuel Keeler, Connecticut politician (b. 1656)
 * May 20 – Thomas Sprat, English minister (b. 1635)
 * May 28 – Georg Otho, German librarian (b. 1634)

June

 * June 11 – Felix Meyer, painter from Switzerland (b. 1653)

July

 * July 7 – Henry Compton, Bishop of Oxford; Bishop of London (b. 1632)
 * July 11 – Joseph Stennett, English Baptist minister and hymnwriter (b. 1663)
 * July 25 – Thomas Northmore, English Member of Parliament (b. 1643)
 * July 31 – Frederick William, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1675)

August

 * August 2 – Artus de Lionne, French missionary (b. 1655)
 * August 4 – William Cave, English cleric and scholar (b. 1637)
 * August 10 – Giovanni Battista Visconti Aicardi, Roman Catholic prelate (b. 1644)
 * August 15 – Kujō Morotaka, Japanese noble (b. 1688)
 * August 19 – Atanasie Anghel, Romanian Greek-Catholic bishop of Alba Iulia (b. 1660)
 * August 26 (bur.) – Denis Papin, French inventor (b. 1647)

September

 * September 5 – Ivan Andreyevich Tolstoy, Russian noble (b. 1644)
 * September 6 – François-Séraphin Régnier-Desmarais, French diplomat and writer (b. 1632)
 * September 8 – Livio Odescalchi, Italian noble (b. 1652)
 * September 9
 * Giovanni Antonio Viscardi, Swiss architect (b. 1645)
 * Johannes Voet, Dutch legal scholar (b. 1647)
 * September 14 – Ōkubo Tadamasu, daimyo (b. 1656)
 * September 15 – Tokugawa Yoshimichi, daimyo (b. 1689)
 * September 20 – Francisco Martín Fernández de Posadas, Spanish presbyter (b. 1644)
 * September 21 – Charles Fox, English politician (b. 1660)
 * September 22 – Yurij Vynnyckyj, Metropolitan of Kiev (b. 1660)
 * September 29 – Jacob van Oost the Younger, Flemish Baroque painter (b. 1639)

October

 * October 5 – Charles Schomberg, Marquess of Harwich, British Army officer and noble (b. 1683)
 * October 14 – Johan de la Faille, Dutch art collector (b. 1628)
 * October 15 – Johann Michael Feuchtmayer the Elder, German artist (b. 1666)
 * October 17 – Ambrose Crowley, English ironmonger (b. 1658)
 * October 18 – Tripo Kokolja, Venetian painter (b. 1661)
 * October 20 – Archibald Pitcairne, Scottish physician (b. 1652)
 * October 22 – Sir John Cropley, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1663)
 * October 28 – Paolo Lorenzani, Italian composer (b. 1640)
 * October 31
 * Ferdinando de' Medici, Grand Prince of Tuscany, Tuscan prince (b. 1663)
 * Salomon van Til, Dutch theologian (b. 1643)

November

 * November 2 – Narcissus Marsh, English clergyman (b. 1638)
 * November 6 – Franz Karl of Auersperg, Prince of Auersperg, Duke of Münsterberg (b. 1660)
 * November 7 – Elizabeth Barry, British actress (b. 1658)
 * November 8
 * Samuel Angier, English minister (b. 1639)
 * Fredrik Bagge, Swedish priest (b. 1646)
 * November 9 – Armand Charles de La Porte de La Meilleraye, French general (b. 1632)
 * November 17 – Abraham van Riebeeck, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1653)
 * November 18 – Charles Hickman, Anglican Bishop of Derry (b. 1648)
 * November 20 – Thomas Tompion, British clockmaker (b. 1638)
 * November 26 – John Belding, Connecticut politician (b. 1650)
 * November 30 – Nishio Tadanari, daimyo (b. 1653)

December

 * December 1 – Richard Lowther, 2nd Viscount Lonsdale, English noble (b. 1692)
 * December 2 – Gershom Bulkeley, Christian minister, physician, surgeon, magistrate (b. 1636)
 * December 3 – Noadiah Russell, one of the clergymen who founded Yale (b. 1659)
 * December 4 – François Pétis de la Croix, French orientalist (b. 1653)
 * December 5 – Tokugawa Gorōta, daimyo (b. 1711)
 * December 14
 * Feodosia Alekseyevna of Russia, Tsarevna of Russia (b. 1662)
 * Thomas Rymer, English Historiographer royal (b. 1641)
 * December 15
 * Frederik Johan van Baer, Dutch army commander (b. 1645)
 * Carlo Maratta, Italian painter (b. 1625)
 * December 17 – Nicolò Beregan, Italian noble and singer (b. 1627)
 * December 18 – Frederick Henry, Duke of Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt, German Duke (b. 1668)
 * December 31 – Edward Proger, Member of Parliament for Brecknockshire (b. 1621)
 * date unknown
 * Basil Lazarus III, Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East
 * Thomas Ellwood, English religious writer (b. 1639)

title: 1713


text:
1712

In the Swedish calendar it began as a leap year starting on Monday and remained so until Thursday, February 29. By adding a second leap day (Friday, February 30) Sweden reverted to the Julian calendar and the rest of the year (from Saturday, March 1) was in sync with the Julian calendar. Sweden finally made the switch from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar in 1753. This year had 367 days.

January–March

 * January 8 – Total eclipse of the sun visible from -60.6°N, 49.2°W
 * January 12 – The premiere of the opera Idoménée by André Campra takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
 * January 16 – A military engineering school is established in Moscow which is to become the A.F. Mozhaysky Military-Space Academy.
 * January 26 – The Old Pummerin, a 18,161 kg bell newly installed in the Stephansdom, St. Stephen's Cathedral, in Vienna, is rung for the first time to mark the entry of Charles VI to Vienna from Frankfurt after his coronation as Emperor. It takes a quarter-hour for 16 men pulling on the bell rope to swing the heavy bell back-and-forth enough for the clapper to strike; the resulting forces endanger the tower so the architect orders that in future the bell be rung only by pulling its clapper.
 * February 10 – Huilliche uprising of 1712: Huilliche people in Chile's Chiloé Archipelago rise up against Spanish encomenderos as vengeance for perceived injustices.

 * Early March – Start of the Cassard expedition, a sea voyage by French Navy captain Jacques Cassard during which he ransacks Santiago in the Cape Verde Islands and pillages Montserrat, Antigua, Surinam, Berbice, Essequibo, St. Eustatius and Curaçao, returning to France with loot worth over nine million francs.
 * March 3 – Scottish Episcopalians Act 1711 comes into effect, leading to incorporation of the Scottish Episcopal Church.
 * March 11 (February 30 Swedish Style, February 29 on the Julian calendar) – Sweden temporarily adopts the rare February 30, as a day to adjust the Swedish Calendar back to the Julian calendar.
 * March 15 – HMS Dragon, a 38-gun fourth rate frigate of the British Royal Navy, is wrecked on Les Casquets rocks to the west of Alderney.
 * March 30 – Anne, Queen of Great Britain administers the Royal touch (a ritual with the intent to cure illness) for the last time; 300 scrofulous people are touched, the last of whom is Samuel Johnson.

April –June

 * April 6–7 – New York Slave Revolt of 1712: An insurrection in New York City results in nine whites being killed, and 21 slaves and other blacks being convicted and executed.
 * April 11 – Great Northern War: the Battle of Fladstrand takes place at sea near Fladstrand, Jylland, between Swedish and Danish forces.
 * May 15 – Curuguaty in Paraguay is founded by Juan Gregorio de Bazán y Pedraza on the banks of the Curuguaty River.
 * May 19 – Peter the Great moves the capital of Russia from Moscow to Saint Petersburg.
 * May 22 – Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor is crowned King of Hungary.
 * June 5 – Reus in Catalonia, Spain is given the title of imperial city by Elisabeth Christine, wife of Archduke Charles.
 * June 10 – Kurtkulağı Caravanserai in Adana Province, Turkey, is restored and 50 soldiers are appointed to guard it.
 * June 11 – Chatham, Barnstable County, Massachusetts is incorporated as a town.
 * June 17 – The newly built St Ann's Church, Manchester, England, is consecrated by the Bishop of Chester.

July–September

 * July 8 – The British Royal Navy 50-gun ship HMS Advice is launched at Deptford Dockyard.
 * July 20 – Jesus College, Oxford, England, inherits the extensive library of its Principal Jonathan Edwards on his death.
 * July 24
 * Battle of Denain: The French defeat a combined Dutch-Austrian force.
 * Battle of Villmergen: The Reformed cantons of Switzerland defeat the Catholic cantons.
 * August 1 – The Stamp Act of 1712 is passed in the United Kingdom, imposing a tax on publishers, particularly of newspapers.
 * August 11 – The Peace of Aarau is signed by Catholics and Protestants, ending the Toggenburg War and establishing Protestant dominance in Switzerland, while preserving the rights of Catholics.
 * August 23 – The British Royal Navy 60-gun ship HMS Rippon is launched at Deptford Dockyard.
 * September – Composer George Frideric Handel re-locates to London with the permission of his patron, the future King George I of Great Britain.
 * September 8 – A severe hurricane buffets Bermuda for eight hours, destroying most of the churches.

October–December

 * October 3 – In Scotland a warrant is issued for the arrest of outlaw Rob Roy MacGregor by Sir James Stewart (Lord Advocate).
 * October 31 – King Philip V of Spain establishes the Biblioteca Nacional de España as the Palace Public Library (Biblioteca Pública de Palacio) in Madrid.
 * November 4 – The Bandbox Plot aims to kill British Lord Treasurer Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford but is foiled by Jonathan Swift (author of Gulliver’s Travels).
 * November 22 – The first performance of George Frideric Handel's opera Il pastor fido takes place at the Queen's Theatre in the Haymarket, London.
 * December 7 – The charter of Buchach Monastery in Ukraine, founded by Stefan Aleksander Potocki and his wife Joanna née Sieniawska, is signed in Lublin.
 * December 20 – Great Northern War: the Battle of Gadebusch is Sweden's final great victory in the war, preventing the loss of the city of Stralsund to Danish and Saxon forces.
 * December 27 – The premiere of the opera Callirhoé by André Cardinal Destouches takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
 * December 28 – Total eclipse of the sun visible from -21.5°N, 159°W

Date unknown

 * The first known working Newcomen steam engine is built by Thomas Newcomen with John Calley, to pump water out of mines in the Black Country of England, the first device to make practical use of the power of steam to produce mechanical work.
 * After many years of settlement, the Town on Queen Anne's Creek is established as a courthouse for Chowan County, North Carolina. The town is renamed Edenton in 1720, and incorporated in 1722.
 * The VOC Zuytdorp is wrecked off the coast of Western Australia.
 * John Arbuthnot creates the character of John Bull to represent Britain.
 * A translation of the 1662 Book of Common Prayer into Irish, made by John Richardson (1664–1747), is published.

January–March

 * January 1 – Sir Richard Acton, 5th Baronet, English baronet (d. 1791)
 * January 2 – Marie-Angélique Memmie Le Blanc, French feral child (d. 1775)
 * January 5
 * Ludwig van Beethoven, Flemish-born German professional singer and music director, grandfather of the well known composer of the same name (d. 1773)
 * Hongzhou, Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty (d. 1770)
 * January 17 – John Stanley, English composer and organist (d. 1786)
 * January 24
 * Frederick the Great, King of Prussia (1740–1786) (d. 1786)
 * Charles Moore, 1st Earl of Charleville, Irish peer (d. 1764)
 * Georg Friedrich Schmidt, German engraver and designer (d. 1775)
 * January 26 – James Habersham, merchant and statesman in the British North American colony of Georgia (d. 1775)
 * January 28 – Tokugawa Ieshige, ninth shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (d. 1761)
 * January 29 – Ralph Bigland, English officer of arms (d. 1784)
 * February 2 – Lydia Taft, American suffragist (d. 1778)
 * February 12 – Felton Hervey, aristocratic English politician (d. 1773)
 * February 19 – Arthur Devis, English painter (d. 1787)
 * February 20 – Sir Cordell Firebrace, 3rd Baronet, English landowner and politician (d. 1759)
 * February 22 – Péter Bod, Hungarian theologian and historian (d. 1768)
 * February 26 – Nasir Jung, Nizam of Hyderabad State (d. 1750)
 * February 28 – Louis-Joseph de Montcalm, French general (d. 1759)
 * March 4 – Joachim Friedrich Henckel, Prussian surgeon at Charité hospital in Berlin (d. 1779)
 * March 8 – John Fothergill, British botanist (d. 1780)
 * March 12
 * Sir Hew Dalrymple, 2nd Baronet, Scottish politician and MP for Haddington Burghs on two occasions (d. 1790)
 * Ioan II Mavrocordat, prince of Moldva (d. 1747)
 * March 14 – Charles-Antoine Jombert, French bookseller and publisher (d. 1784)
 * March 15 – Lambert Krahe, German history painter and art collector (d. 1790)
 * March 19
 * Joseph Frye, American general (d. 1794)
 * Henry Gervais, Anglican priest in Ireland (d. 1790)
 * March 22 – Edward Moore, English dramatist (d. 1757)
 * March 27
 * Claude Bourgelat, French veterinary surgeon (d. 1779)
 * Jane Mecom, American correspondent, youngest sister of Benjamin Franklin and one of his closest confidants (d. 1794)
 * March 28 – Empress Xiaoxianchun, empress consort of Qing dynasty China (d. 1748)
 * March 31 – Anders Johan von Höpken, Swedish politician (d. 1789)

April–June

 * April 8 – Pierre Pouchot, French military engineer officer (d. 1769)
 * April 23 – Devasahayam Pillai, beatified Indian Catholic (d. 1752)
 * April 28 – James Hewitt, 1st Viscount Lifford, Lord Chancellor of Ireland (d. 1789)
 * May 2 – Thomas Bond, American physician and surgeon (d. 1784)
 * May 5 – Janusz Aleksander Sanguszko, magnate in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (d. 1775)
 * May 9 – William Pitcairn, Scottish physician and botanist (d. 1791)
 * May 12 – Charles William Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (d. 1757)
 * May 13 – Count Johann Hartwig Ernst von Bernstorff, German-Danish statesman (d. 1772)
 * May 17 – Jean-Baptiste Greppo, French canon and archaeologist (d. 1767)
 * May 18 – Increase Moseley, American politician (d. 1795)
 * May 27 – Sir Thomas Cave, 5th Baronet of England (d. 1778)
 * May 28 – Jacques Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay, French economist (d. 1759)
 * May 29 – Thomas Dimsdale, English physician, banker (d. 1800)
 * June 4 – Thomas Cotes, British Royal Navy officer, Commander-in-Chief of the Jamaica Station (d. 1767)
 * June 7 – Infante Philip of Spain, Spanish infante (d. 1719)
 * June 11 – Benjamin Ingham, American missionary (d. 1772)
 * June 14
 * Samuel Blair, Ulster-born American pastor (d. 1751)
 * Sayat-Nova, Armenian musician and poet (d. 1795)
 * June 15 – Andrew Gordon, Scottish Benedictine monk (d. 1751)
 * June 21 – Luc Urbain de Bouëxic, comte de Guichen, French admiral (d. 1790)
 * June 22 – Michael Heltzen, Norwegian mining engineer (d. 1770)
 * June 25 – Exupere Joseph Bertin, French anatomist (d. 1781)
 * June 26 – Johann Andreas Silbermann, German organ-builder (d. 1783)
 * June 28 – Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Genevan philosopher (d. 1778)

July–September

 * July 4 – George Hadow, British historian (d. 1780)
 * July 9 – Charles-Étienne Pesselier, French playwright and librettist (d. 1763)
 * July 12
 * Sir Francis Bernard, 1st Baronet, British Colonial governor of New Jersey and Massachusetts Bay (d. 1779)
 * Thomas Estcourt Cresswell, English politician (d. 1788)
 * July 18 – Karl Frederick, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen, German noble (d. 1743)
 * July 19 – Carl Fredrik Mennander, Swedish bishop (d. 1786)
 * July 21 – Johann Karl Philipp von Cobenzl, Habsburg politician (d. 1770)
 * July 24 – Richard Handcock, Irish priest (d. 1791)
 * July 25 – Vincenzo Miotti, Italian physicist and astronomer (d. 1787)
 * July 26
 * George Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English peer (d. 1790)
 * William Pery, 1st Baron Glentworth, Anglican bishop (d. 1794)
 * July 31 – Johann Samuel König, German mathematician (d. 1757)
 * August 2 – Prince George of Kartli, Georgian prince (d. 1786)
 * August 12
 * Jonas Hanway, English traveller and philanthropist (d. 1786)
 * Karl Jakob Weber, Italian archaeologist (d. 1764)
 * August 15 – César Gabriel de Choiseul, French officer (d. 1785)
 * August 24 – Michel-Barthélémy Ollivier, French painter and engraver (d. 1784)
 * August 26 – Tadeusz Franciszek Ogiński, Polish noble (d. 1783)
 * August 27 – William Graham, 2nd Duke of Montrose, member of the peerage of Scotland, son of James Graham (d. 1790)
 * August 30 – George Montgomerie, British Member of Parliament (d. 1766)
 * September 4 – Jan Verbruggen, Dutch master gun-founder in the Netherlands and later at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich (d. 1781)
 * September 11 – Giovanni Targioni Tozzetti, Italian naturalist (d. 1783)
 * September 15 – Pierre Simon Fournier, French punch-cutter (d. 1768)
 * September 22 – François-Joseph-Gaston de Partz de Pressy, French cleric (d. 1789)
 * September 25 – James Veitch, Lord Elliock, Scottish politician (d. 1793)
 * September 26
 * Alexander Hamilton, Scottish-born doctor and writer in colonial Maryland (d. 1756)
 * Dominique de La Rochefoucauld, French Catholic cardinal (d. 1800)

October–December

 * October 1 – William Shippen Sr., American physician, anatomist and public figure (d. 1801)
 * October 5 – Francesco Guardi, Italian painter (d. 1793)
 * October 8 – Alison Cockburn, Scottish poet (d. 1794)
 * October 14
 * George Grenville, Prime Minister of Great Britain (1763–1765) (d. 1770)
 * John Thomas, English churchman (Dean of Westminster, Bishop of Rochester) (d. 1793)
 * October 15 – Leslie Corry, Irish politician (d. 1741)
 * October 17
 * Landgravine Eleonore of Hesse-Rotenburg, countess (d. 1759)
 * Age Wijnalda, Dutch Mennonite minister (d. 1792)
 * October 18 – Jeremias van Riemsdijk, Dutch colonial governor (d. 1777)
 * October 19
 * Pedro, Prince of Brazil, second child of John V of Portugal and Maria Ana of Austria (d. 1714)
 * Zenobia Revertera, Italian noble and courtier (d. 1779)
 * October 20 – Gregor Zallwein, Bavarian-born expert on canon law (d. 1766)
 * October 21 – James Steuart, Scottish economist (d. 1780)
 * October 22 – James Hamilton, 8th Earl of Abercorn, member of the peerage of Scotland and landowner in Ireland (d. 1789)
 * October 24
 * Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp, German duchess (d. 1760)
 * Jonathan Nichols Jr., Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (d. 1756)
 * October 29 – Paolo Gamba, Italian painter (d. 1782)
 * October 30
 * Christian Wilhelm Ernst Dietrich, German painter and art administrator (d. 1774)
 * Giovanni Pietro Francesco Agius de Soldanis, Maltese linguist, historian and cleric (d. 1770)
 * October 31 – Prince Moritz of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1760)
 * November 4
 * Charles de Fitz-James, Marshal of France (d. 1787)
 * Charles Louis de Marbeuf, French general (d. 1786)
 * November 7 – Antoine Choquet de Lindu, French architect (d. 1790)
 * November 11 – Hugolín Gavlovič, Slovak Franciscan priest, author of religious, moral and educational writings (d. 1787)
 * November 20 – Guillaume Voiriot, French portrait painter (d. 1799)
 * November 24
 * Ali II ibn Hussein, fourth leader of the Husainid Dynasty, ruler of Tunisia (d. 1782)
 * Charles-Michel de l'Épée, French priest and educator of the deaf (d. 1789)
 * November 27 – Fernando de Sousa e Silva, fourth Patriarch of Lisbon (d. 1786)
 * December 1 – George Boscawen, British Army general and politician (d. 1775)
 * December 3
 * Joseph Relph, English poet (d. 1743)
 * William Sawyer, English professional cricketer (d. 1761)
 * December 9 – Alexander Murray of Elibank, Scottish Jacobite intriguer, fourth son of Alexander Murray (d. 1778)
 * December 11 – Francesco Algarotti, Venetian philosopher (d. 1764)
 * December 12
 * Prince Charles Alexander of Lorraine, Lorraine-born Austrian general and soldier (d. 1780)
 * François-Antoine Devaux, Lorraine-born poet and man of letters (d. 1796)
 * John Turner, Massachusetts politician and delegate from Pembroke (d. 1794)
 * December 25 – Pietro Chiari, Italian playwright (d. 1785)
 * December 31
 * Peter Boehler, German-English Moravian bishop and missionary (d. 1775)
 * Charles, Prince of Nassau-Usingen (1718–1775) and Nassau-Saarbrücken (1728–1735) (d. 1775)

Deaths

 * January 5 – Richard Jones, 1st Earl of Ranelagh, Irish politician (b. 1641)
 * January 10 – John Houblon, first Governor of the Bank of England (1694-1697) (b. 1632)
 * February 2 – Martin Lister, English naturalist, physician (b. c. 1638)
 * February 12 – Marie Adélaïde of Savoy, wife of Louis, Dauphin of France, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1685)
 * February 18 – Louis, duc de Bourgogne, heir to the throne of France (b. 1682)
 * February 22 – Nicolas Catinat, French military commander and Marshal of France under Louis XIV (b. 1637)
 * February 27 – Bahadur Shah I, Mughal Emperor of India (b. 1643)
 * March 2 – Lorenzo Magalotti, Italian philosopher (b. 1637)
 * March 18 – Azim-ush-Shan, Mughal prince (b. 1664)
 * March 25 – Nehemiah Grew, English naturalist (b. 1641)
 * March 28 – Jan van der Heyden, Dutch painter (b. 1637)
 * March 30 – Johann Friedrich Mayer, German Lutheran theologian (b. 1650)
 * April 9 – Giuseppe Archinto, Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (b. 1651)
 * April 11 – Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (b. 1638)
 * April 27 – John Crowne, English playwright (b. 1641)
 * April 29 – Juan Bautista Cabanilles, Spanish composer (b. 1644)
 * April 30 – Philipp van Limborch, Dutch Protestant theologian (b. 1633)
 * May 6 – Henric Piccardt, Dutch lawyer (b. 1636)
 * May 20 – Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth (1655–1712) (b. 1644)
 * June 10 – Christian Franz Paullini, German physician (b. 1643)
 * June 11 – Louis Joseph, Duke of Vendôme, French military commander (b. 1654)
 * June 24 – Simon van der Stel, last Commander and first Governor of the Cape Colony (b. 1639)
 * July – Baltacı Mehmet Pasha, Ottoman (Turkish) grand vizier (b. 1662)
 * July 1 – William King, English poet (b. 1663)
 * July 4 – Johann Kasimir Kolbe von Wartenberg, Prussian politician (b. 1643)
 * July 12 – Richard Cromwell, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland (b. 1626)
 * July 13 – Isaac de Porthau, Gascon black musketeer of the Maison du Roi (b. 1617)
 * July 28 – Theodorus Janssonius van Almeloveen, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1657)
 * July 26 – Thomas Osborne, 1st Duke of Leeds, English statesman (b. 1631)
 * August 3 – Joshua Barnes, English scholar (b. 1654)
 * August 7 – Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, German composer (b. 1663)
 * August 11 – Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt, German regent (b. 1652)
 * August 18 – Richard Savage, 4th Earl Rivers, English soldier (b. c. 1660)
 * August 26 – Sebastian Anton Scherer, German organist and composer (b. 1631)
 * August 29 – Gregory King, English statistician (b. 1648)
 * September 9 – Edward Hyde, Governor of North Carolina (b. c. 1650)
 * September 14 – Giovanni Domenico Cassini, Italian-French astronomer and engineer (b. 1625)
 * September 15 – Sidney Godolphin, 1st Earl of Godolphin, English politician (b. c.1645)
 * September 23 – Thomas Halyburton, Scottish theologian (b. 1674)
 * October 4 – Philip Reinhard, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg (b. 1664)
 * October 25 – Ōkubo Tadatomo, Japanese daimyō (b. 1632)
 * October 30 – Daniel Erich, German organist and composer (b. 1649)
 * November 5 – Charles Honoré d'Albert, duc de Luynes, French noble (b. 1646)
 * November 12 – Tokugawa Ienobu, Japanese Edo shōgun (b. 1662)
 * November 15
 * James Hamilton, 4th Duke of Hamilton, Scottish peer (b. 1658)
 * Charles Mohun, 4th Baron Mohun, English politician (b. 1675)
 * November 19 – Wolfgang Carl Briegel, German organist and composer (b. 1626)
 * November 20 – Humphrey Humphreys, British bishop (b. 1648)
 * November 26 – Pietro Dandini, Italian painter (b. 1646)
 * November 30 – Sir Henry Furnese, 1st Baronet, English merchant and politician (b. 1658)

Unknown date

 * William Joliffe, English politician (b. 1622)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1712


text:
1708

In the Swedish calendar it was a leap year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

January–June

 * January 1 – Charles XII of Sweden invades Russia, by crossing the frozen Vistula River with 40,000 men.
 * January 7 – Bashkir rebels besiege Yelabuga.
 * January 12 – Shahu I becomes the fifth Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire in the Indian subcontinent.
 * February 26 – HMS Falmouth, a 50-gun fourth-rate ship of the line built at Woolwich Dockyard for the Royal Navy, is launched.
 * March 11 – Queen Anne withholds Royal Assent from the Scottish Militia Bill, the last time a British monarch vetoes legislation.
 * March 23 – James Francis Edward Stuart, Jacobite pretender to the throne of Great Britain, unsuccessfully tries to land from a French fleet in the Firth of Forth in Scotland.
 * April 8 – Easter Sunday: The first performance of George Frideric Handel's oratorio La resurrezione takes place in Rome.
 * April 9 – Ottoman princess Emine Sultan, daughter of Sultan Mustafa II, marries Grand Vizier Çorlulu Ali Pasha.
 * April 28 – The Great Hoei fire breaks out in Kyoto, Japan, destroying the Imperial Palace and a large portion of the old capital.
 * June 8 – War of Spanish Succession: Wager's Action, a naval confrontation, takes place between a British squadron under Charles Wager and the Spanish treasure fleet off Cartagena in the Caribbean Sea. Spanish galleon San José explodes and sinks with the loss of almost all her 600 crew and an estimated 8.8 million ounces troy weight in gold.

July–December

 * July 1 – Tewoflos becomes Emperor of Ethiopia.
 * July 11 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Oudenarde: Allied forces under the command of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeat the French.
 * August – The future Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor weds Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
 * August 3 – In the Battle of Trenčín, 8,000 soldiers of the Imperial Army of the Habsburgs are victorious over the 15,000 Hungarian Kuruc forces of Francis II Rákóczi.
 * August 18 – War of the Spanish Succession: Menorca is captured by British forces.
 * August 23 – Meidingu Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur.
 * August 29 – A French-Native American attack in Haverhill, Massachusetts kills 16 settlers.
 * September 28 (O.S.); September 29 (Swedish calendar); October 9 (N.S.) – Great Northern War – Battle of Lesnaya: Peter the Great of Russia defeats the forces of the Swedish Empire.
 * October 12 – War of the Spanish Succession: British forces capture Lille after a two-month siege, although the citadel continues to hold out for another six weeks.
 * October 26 – Topping out of new St Paul's Cathedral in London.
 * December 14 – The première of Electre by Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon takes place in Paris.
 * December 17 – Deborah Churchill, British pickpocket and prostitute, is executed before a large crowd for being an accomplice to murder.

Date unknown

 * Fearful of a Swedish attack, the Russians blow up the city of Tartu, Estonia.
 * The Russians burn the city of Porvoo, Finland (at the time part of Sweden).
 * One third of the population of Masuria dies of the plague.
 * Johann Sebastian Bach is appointed as chamber musician and organist, at the court in Weimar.
 * Italian philosopher Giambattista Vico delivers his inaugural lecture to the University of Naples, which will be published in 1709 as his first book, De Nostri Temporis Studiorum Ratione (On the Order of the Scholarly Disciplines of Our Times).
 * Calcareous hard-paste porcelain is produced for the first time in Europe, at Dresden, Saxony, by Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, and developed after his death (October) by Johann Friedrich Böttger.
 * The Company of Merchants of London Trading (with consent of the Parliament of Great Britain) merges with the East Indies, and the more recently established English Company Trading to the East Indies, to form the United Company of Merchants of England Trading to the East Indies, known as the Honourable East India Company.

January–March

 * January 1 – Anton Wilhelm Plaz, German physician and botanist (d. 1784)
 * January 3 – Johannes Van Rensselaer, member of the prominent colonial Van Rensselaer family (d. 1783)
 * January 10 – Donat Nonnotte, French painter who specialized in portraiture (d. 1785)
 * January 14 – Charles Armand René de La Trémoille, French soldier and president of the States of Brittany (d. 1741)
 * January 15 – Giovanni Salvemini, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1791)
 * January 17 – Henry Brydges, 2nd Duke of Chandos (d. 1771)
 * January 23 – Luigi Crespi, Italian painter (d. 1779)
 * January 25 – Pompeo Batoni, Italian painter (d. 1787)
 * January 26 – William Hayes, composer (d. 1777)
 * January 27
 * Robert Marsham, English naturalist considered to be the founding father of phenology (d. 1797)
 * Jean-François-Joseph de Rochechouart, French Roman Catholic Cardinal (d. 1777)
 * January 30 – Georg Dionysius Ehret, botanist and entomologist known for his botanical illustrations (d. 1770)
 * February 3 – Johann Michael Hartung, German organ builder and public figure from Dürkheim (d. 1763)
 * February 8 – Václav Jan Kopřiva, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1789)
 * February 11 – Egidio Duni, Italian composer who studied in Naples and worked in Italy (d. 1775)
 * February 15
 * Alexander Hume-Campbell, Scottish lawyer and politician (d. 1760)
 * Hugh Hume-Campbell, 3rd Earl of Marchmont, Scottish politician (d. 1794)
 * February 19 – Scrope Berdmore, English clergyman (d. 1770)
 * February 23 – Chauncy Townsend, City of London merchant and a Member of Parliament in the Parliament of Great Britain (d. 1770)
 * February 25 – Felix Benda, Bohemian composer and organist (d. 1768)
 * February 29
 * Louis Charles du Chaffault de Besné, French naval commander (d. 1794)
 * Peter Jefferson, father of US President Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) (d. 1757)
 * March 5
 * Susanna Boylston, prominent early-American socialite (d. 1797)
 * Moritz Franz Kasimir von Wobersnow, Prussian major general of infantry and a general adjutant of Frederick the Great (d. 1759)
 * March 8 – John Campbell, Scottish author (d. 1775)
 * March 15 – John Hulse, British Anglican priest (d. 1790)
 * March 17 – Johanna Magdalene of Saxe-Weissenfels, Duchess consort of Courland (d. 1760)
 * March 22 – Ernst Henrich Berling, German-Danish book printer and publisher (d. 1750)
 * March 26 – Robert Rochfort, 1st Earl of Belvedere (d. 1774)
 * March 31 – Jean Chastel, farmer and inn-keeper from the province of Gévaudan in France (d. 1790)

April–June

 * April 3
 * Johann Christian Cuno, German poet (d. 1783)
 * Antoine-Gaspard Boucher d'Argis, French lawyer (d. 1791)
 * April 5 – Augustin-Joseph de Mailly, French general (d. 1794)
 * April 6 – Johann Georg Reutter, Austrian composer (d. 1772)
 * April 12 – Rose Fuller, West Indies plantation owner and politician (d. 1777)
 * April 18 – James Cholmondeley, British Army officer and Member of Parliament between 1731 and 1747 (d. 1775)
 * April 23 – Friedrich von Hagedorn, German poet (d. 1754)
 * April 25 – John Seccombe, author (d. 1792)
 * April 28 – Johann Rudolf Engau, German jurist (d. 1755)
 * May 1 – Lionel Tollemache, 4th Earl of Dysart (d. 1770)
 * May 5 – Johann Adolf Scheibe, German-Danish composer and significant critic and theorist of music (d. 1776)
 * May 8 – Girolamo Colonna di Sciarra, Italian Catholic Cardinal of the noble Colonna di Sciarra family (d. 1763)
 * May 13
 * Maximilian Friedrich von Königsegg-Rothenfels, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne and the Bishop of Münster from 1761 to 1784 (d. 1784)
 * John Spencer, British nobleman and politician (d. 1746)
 * May 25 – Wriothesley Russell, 3rd Duke of Bedford, English nobleman and peer (d. 1732)
 * May 29 – Henry Bilson-Legge, English statesman and three times as Chancellor of the Exchequer (d. 1764)
 * May 30 – Daniel Gralath, physicist and a mayor of Danzig (d. 1767)
 * June 5 – Roger Townshend, British soldier and Member of Parliament (d. 1760)
 * June 17 – Annibale degli Abati Olivieri, Italian archaeologist (d. 1789)
 * June 19 – Johann Gottlieb Janitsch, German Baroque composer (d. 1763)
 * June 20 – François-Élie Vincent, French painter of portrait miniatures (d. 1790)
 * June 24 – Sir Henry Harpur, 5th Baronet, English baronet and politician (d. 1748)
 * June 25 – Nicolas Antoine II Coulon de Villiers, French military officer in the King George's War (d. 1750)
 * June 29 – Silvester Gardiner, physician (d. 1786)

July–September

 * July 5 – Thomas Phillips, English Jesuit priest (d. 1774)
 * July 8
 * Claude-Henri de Fusée de Voisenon, French playwright and writer (d. 1775)
 * Johann Jakob Zeiller, Austrian painter (d. 1783)
 * July 10 – Johannes Enschedé, Dutch printer (d. 1780)
 * July 17 – Frederick Christian, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, member of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1769)
 * July 19 – Philip Francis, Anglo-Irish clergyman and writer (d. 1773)
 * July 22 – Nathaniel Ames, Colonial American physician (d. 1764)
 * August 26
 * Pierre-Joseph Bernard, French military man and salon poet with the reputation of a rake (d. 1775)
 * Matteo Capranica, Italian composer (d. 1776)
 * August 29 – Olof von Dalin, Swedish nobleman (d. 1763)
 * August 31 – Sir John Rogers, 3rd Baronet (d. 1773)
 * September 2 – André le Breton, French publisher (d. 1779)
 * September 4 – Jean-Baptiste Nicolas Roch de Ramezay, officer of the marines, colonial administrator for New France (d. 1777)
 * September 6 – Charles Stanhope, Member of Parliament (MP) for Derby (d. 1736)
 * September 9 – Paul Egede, Dano-Norwegian theologian (d. 1789)
 * September 10 – Mathias Collett, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1759)
 * September 16 – Catharina Freymann, Norwegian educator and pietist leader (d. 1791)
 * September 24 – Manuel Rojo del Río y Vieyra, Archbishop of Manila (d. 1764)
 * September 25 – Thomas Wood, British politician and MP (d. 1799)
 * September 26 – Ignatius Sichelbart, German-Bohemian Jesuit missionary and painter (d. 1780)

October–December

 * October 2 – William Sutherland, 17th Earl of Sutherland (d. 1750)
 * October 4 – Antonio Francesco Vezzosi, Italian Theatine and biographical writer (d. 1783)
 * October 5 – Johann Christoph Petzold, German sculptor who mainly worked in Denmark (d. 1762)
 * October 9 – Louis César de La Baume Le Blanc, French nobleman, bibliophile and military man (d. 1780)
 * October 12 – John Wall, English physician (d. 1776)
 * October 16 – Albrecht von Haller, Swiss anatomist and physiologist (d. 1777)
 * October 20 – Francis Webber, Anglican priest (d. 1771)
 * October 22
 * Antoine-François, marquis de Lambertye, French aristocrat of the Ancien Régime (d. 1777)
 * Louis Günther II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1790)
 * Frederic Louis Norden, Danish naval captain and explorer (d. 1742)
 * October 27
 * Hill Boothby, English friend and late love of Samuel Johnson (d. 1756)
 * Jean-Rodolphe Perronet, French architect and structural engineer (d. 1794)
 * November 7
 * William Plumsted, mayor of Philadelphia in 1750 (d. 1765)
 * Henry Rolle, 1st Baron Rolle (d. 1750)
 * November 15 – William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham, Prime Minister of Great Britain (d. 1778)
 * November 16 – Gregorio Babbi, Italian operatic tenor (d. 1768)
 * November 28 – Sir John Frederick, 4th Baronet, British politician (d. 1783)
 * November 30 – Antoine de Laurès, French poet and playwright from Languedoc (d. 1779)
 * December 2
 * Theodorick Bland of Cawsons, clerk of the court of Prince George County, Virginia (d. 1784)
 * Marianus Königsperger, German composer, organist and Catholic Monk of the Benedictine Order (d. 1769)
 * December 3 – Alessandro Ruspoli, 2nd Prince of Cerveteri, 2nd Principe di Cerveteri (d. 1779)
 * December 6 – Christopher Dufrost de La Jemeraye, Canadian explorer and cartographer (d. 1736)
 * December 8
 * Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1765)
 * Sir Charles Hanbury Williams, Welsh diplomat, writer and satirist (d. 1759)
 * December 10
 * John Poulett, 2nd Earl Poulett (d. 1764)
 * Peregrine Poulett, British politician and MP (d. 1752)
 * December 16 – Robert Livingston, third and final Lord of Livingston Manor (d. 1790)
 * December 18 – John Collier, English caricaturist and satirical poet aka Tim Bobbin (d. 1786)
 * December 28 – Sigmund von Haimhausen, Bavarian aristocrat (d. 1793)

 * date unknown
 * Baal Shem of London, German-born Kabbalist (d. 1782)
 * Richard Dawes, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
 * Elizabeth Scott, British-American poet, hymnwriter (d. 1776)

Deaths

 * January 31 – Friedrich Seyler, Swiss theologian (b. 1642)
 * March 5 – William Beveridge, English Bishop of St. Asaph (b. 1637)
 * March 15 – William Walsh, English/British politician (b. 1662)
 * March 19 – Samuel Rodigast, German poet, hymnwriter (b. 1649)
 * April 5 – Christian Heinrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth-Kulmbach, German prince (b. 1661)
 * April 17 – Jacques Gravier, French Jesuit missionary in the New World (b. 1651)
 * April 20 – Damaris Cudworth Masham, English philosopher (b. 1659)
 * April 23 – Christian Augustus, Count Palatine of Sulzbach (1632–1708) (b. 1622)
 * May 6 – François de Laval, first bishop of New France (b. 1623)
 * May 11 – Jules Hardouin-Mansart, French Baroque architect (b. 1646)
 * May 12 – Adolphus Frederick II, Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (b. 1658)
 * June 5 – Ignatius George II, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch (b. 1648)
 * June 21 – John Hamilton, 2nd Lord Belhaven and Stenton, Scottish politician (b. 1656)
 * June 28 – Melchor Liñán y Cisneros, Spanish Catholic archbishop (b. 1629)
 * June 30 – Emperor Tekle Haymanot I of Ethiopia (stabbed to death) (b. 1706)
 * July 5 – Ferdinando Carlo Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat, only child of Duke Charles II (b. 1652)
 * July 10 – James Kendall, English soldier, politician (b. 1647)
 * July 21 – Conrad von Reventlow, Danish statesman and the first Grand Chancellor of Denmark (b. 1644)
 * August 1 – Edward Tyson, British scientist (b. 1651)
 * September 6 – Sir John Morden, 1st Baronet, English merchant and philanthropist (b. 1623)
 * September 19 – Francis Newport, 1st Earl of Bradford, English politician (b. 1620)
 * September 29 – Sir James Oxenden, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1641)
 * October 1 – John Blow, British composer (b. 1649)
 * October 2 – Anne Jules de Noailles, French general (b. 1650)
 * October 7 – Guru Gobind Singh, 10th Guru Sahib of Sikhism, social reformist, poet and revolutionary (b. 1666)
 * October 9 – Olympia Mancini, French courtier (b. 1638)
 * October 10 – David Gregory, Scottish astronomer (b. 1659)
 * October 11 – Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (b. 1651)
 * October 21 – Christian Weise, German writer, dramatist, poet, pedagogue and librarian (b. 1642)
 * October 22
 * Cesare Pronti, Italian painter (b. 1626)
 * Hermann Witsius, Dutch theologian (b. 1636)
 * October 24 – Seki Kōwa, Japanese mathematician (b. c. 1640)
 * October 28 – Prince George of Denmark, consort of Anne, Queen of Great Britain (b. 1653)
 * October 31 – Nathaniel Higginson, English politician (b. 1652)
 * November 3 – Countess Henriette Catherine of Nassau, daughter of Frederick Henry (b. 1637)
 * November 10 – David Makeléer, Swedish politician (b. 1646)
 * November 13 – Charles, Count of Marsan, French noble (b. 1648)
 * November 16 – Alexander Edward, Scottish landscape architect (b. 1651)
 * November 17 – Ludolf Bakhuizen, Dutch painter (b. 1631)
 * December 16
 * Juan Ortega y Montañés, Spanish Catholic bishop, colonial administrator in Guatemala and New Spain (b. 1627)
 * Nicolas Pasquin, early pioneer in New France (now Quebec) (b. 1648)
 * December 22 – Hedvig Sophia of Sweden, Swedish princess (b. 1681)
 * December 28 – Joseph Pitton de Tournefort, French botanist (b. 1656)
 * Date unknown – Anna Maria Clodt, Swedish courtier (b. ?)
 * Date unknown – Joaquim Juncosa, Carthusian monk and Baroque painter (b. 1631)

title: 1708


text:
1709

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

January–March

 * January 1 – Battle of St. John's: The French capture St. John's, the capital of the British colony of Newfoundland.
 * January 6 – Western Europe's Great Frost of 1709, the coldest period in 500 years, begins during the night, lasting three months, with its effects felt for the entire year. In France, the Atlantic coast and Seine River freeze, crops fail, and 24,000 Parisians die. Floating ice enters the North Sea.
 * January 10 – Abraham Darby I successfully produces cast iron using coke fuel at his Coalbrookdale blast furnace in Shropshire, England.
 * February 1 or 2 – During his first voyage, Captain Woodes Rogers encounters marooned privateer Alexander Selkirk, and rescues him after four years living on one of the Juan Fernández Islands, inspiring Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe. After sacking Guayaquil, he and Selkirk will visit the Galápagos Islands.
 * February 19 – Tokugawa Ienobu becomes the sixth shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty of Japan, after the death of the shōgun Tsunayoshi, who had been head of government since 1680.
 * February – In America, Mardi Gras is celebrated one more time with Masque de la Mobile in the capital of French Louisiana, Mobile, Alabama, before Mobile is moved 27 miles (43 km) down the Mobile River to Mobile Bay in 1711.
 * March 28 – Johann Friedrich Böttger reports the first production of hard-paste porcelain in Europe, at Dresden.

April–June

 * April 13 – The Raudot Ordinance of 1709 becomes law in the French colony of New France, legalizing slavery.
 * April 21 – Mirwais Hotak takes control of Kandahar (in Afghanistan) by murdering the Persian governor, Gurgin Khan, known also as George XI.
 * May 6 – The first influx into Britain of poor refugee families of German Palatines from the Rhenish Palatinate arrives in England. Most of them are Protestants en route to the New World colonies.
 * June 17 – Trịnh Cương becomes the new king of northern Vietnam (Đàng Ngoài) upon the death of his grandfather, Trịnh Căn, and begins a 20-year reign until his death on December 20, 1729
 * June 26 – The Battle of Fort Albany, an attack by 100 French colonial volunteers and Cree natives on the British Hudson's Bay Company outpost at Fort Albany on Hudson Bay. John Fullartine, commander of the post, leads a successful defense of the fort and 18 of the attackers are killed and then retreat.   The site is now part of a Cree First Nation reserve in the Canadian province of Ontario.
 * June 28 – A treaty is signed in Dresden to re-establish an alliance between the Kingdoms of Denmark-Norway and the Electorate of Saxony, on behalf of King Frederik IV of Denmark-Norway and Saxony's King Augustus II.

July–December

 * July 8 (June 27 Old Style; June 28 in the Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War: Battle of Poltava in the Cossack Hetmanate (Ukraine) – Peter the Great leads forces of the Tsardom of Russia to a decisive victory over Swedish forces under Charles XII, ending the Swedish invasion of Russia and effectively ending Sweden's role as a major power in Europe.
 * July 9 – Christopher Slaughterford of London is executed in Guildford for the murder of Jane Young, his fiancée. He is the first person in modern England executed for murder based exclusively on circumstantial evidence, and he maintains his innocence to the last.
 * July 13 – Production of Eau de Cologne is begun by perfumier Johann Maria Farina in Germany, founding Johann Maria Farina gegenüber dem Jülichs-Platz.
 * July 26 – Reinhard Keiser's opera Desiderius, König der Langobarden is premiered in Hamburg.
 * July 27 – Japan's Emperor Higashiyama abdicates after a reign of 23 years that began in 1687, and is succeeded by his son Yoshihito, who is enthroned as the Emperor Nakamikado.
 * July 30 – War of the Spanish Succession: Tournai is captured by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy.
 * August 8 – The hot air balloon of Bartolomeu de Gusmão flies in Portugal.
 * August 28 – Pamheiba is crowned King of Manipur.
 * September 11 (August 31 Old Style) – War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Malplaquet – Troops of the Dutch Republic, Habsburg monarchy, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Prussia, led by the Duke of Marlborough, drive the French from the field, but suffer twice as many casualties.
 * October 9 – War of the Spanish Succession: The British army captures Mons.
 * October 12 – Chihuahua City in Mexico is founded.
 * October 14 – The Chinese region of Ningxia is shaken by a 7.5 earthquake killing more than 2,000 people.
 * December 25 – From London, ten ships leave for the New York Colony carrying over 4,000 people.
 * December 26 – The first performance of the opera Agrippina by George Frideric Handel takes place at the Teatro San Giovanni Grisostomo in Venice.

Date unknown

 * Herculaneum, an ancient town in Ercolano, Campania, Italy and buried under volcanic ash and pumice in the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, is discovered by accident when attempts to drill a well for a monastery encountered marble and other materials.
 * The first modern edition of William Shakespeare's plays is published in London, edited by Nicholas Rowe.
 * The first piano is exhibited in Florence by its inventor Bartolomeo Cristofori, who names it "gravicembalo col piano e forte", a name which is subsequently shortened to "pianoforte" and then "piano".
 * A collapsible umbrella is introduced in Paris.
 * Trinity School is founded as the charity school of Trinity Church, in New York City.
 * The second Eddystone Lighthouse, erected off the south west coast of England by John Rudyerd, is completed.
 * De Nostri Temporis Studiorum Ratione (On the Study Methods of Our Times) is published by Neapolitan philosopher Giambattista Vico.
 * Priceless medieval altarpieces, created by Tyrolese sculptor Michael Pacher, are destroyed.
 * Basil Lazarus III becomes Syriac Orthodox Maphrian of the East.

Births

January–March

 * January 2 – Teresia Constantia Phillips, British autobiographer (d. 1765)
 * January 13 – Mollie Sneden, operator of a ferry service at Palisades, New York in the United States (d. 1810)
 * January 17
 * Giovanni Ottavio Bufalini, Italian cardinal (d. 1782)
 * George Lyttelton, 1st Baron Lyttelton (d. 1773)
 * Margaret Rolle, 15th Baroness Clinton (d. 1781)
 * January 24 – Dom Bédos de Celles, Benedictine monk and master pipe organ builder (d. 1779)
 * February 7 – Charles de Brosses French writer (d. 1777)
 * February 9 – George Venables-Vernon, 1st Baron Vernon, British politician (d. 1780)
 * February 11 – William Courtenay, 1st Viscount Courtenay (d. 1762)
 * February 12 – Jacques Barbeu-Dubourg, French physician (d. 1779)
 * February 16 – Henrika Juliana von Liewen, Swedish political salonnière (d. 1779)
 * February 24 – Jacques de Vaucanson, French inventor of mechanical automata (d. 1782)
 * February 27 – Timothy Woodbridge American missionary, deacon, schoolteacher, judge, Superintendent of Indian Affairs (d. 1774)
 * March 1 – William Bentinck, 2nd Duke of Portland (d. 1762)
 * March 10
 * James Bentham, English clergyman (d. 1794)
 * Georg Wilhelm Steller, German botanist (d. 1746)
 * March 14 – Sten Carl Bielke, scientist and member of the Swedish parliament (d. 1753)
 * March 17 – Nicolò Arrighetti, Italian professor of natural philosophy (d. 1767)
 * March 18 – Johannes Gessner, Swiss mathematician (d. 1790)
 * March 31 – Louis-Charles Le Vassor de La Touche, French naval general, governor of Martinique, governor general of the Windward Islands (d. 1781)

April–June

 * April 2 – Josiah Taft, farmer, local official, and Massachusetts legislator (d. 1756)
 * April 6 – Thomas Hopkinson, lawyer (d. 1751)
 * April 7 – William Stewart, 1st Earl of Blessington (d. 1769)
 * April 14 – Charles Collé, French dramatist and songwriter (d. 1783)
 * April 17 – Giovanni Domenico Maraldi, Italian-born astronomer (d. 1788)
 * April 27 – Sir Francis Blake, 1st Baronet, of Twizell Castle (d. 1780)
 * April 30 – Christian Gottlieb Ludwig, German physician and botanist born in Brieg (d. 1773)
 * May 1 – Joachim Wasserschlebe, German-Danish diplomat (d. 1787)
 * May 9 – Mihály Salbeck, doctor of philosophy, priest of the Society of Jesus, and teacher (d. 1758)
 * May 24 – Théodore Tronchin, Genevan physician (d. 1781)
 * May 27 – Margaret Lloyd, Welsh Moravian worker and activist (d. 1762)
 * June 4 – Tomás Sánchez, veteran Spanish captain who founded Laredo (d. 1796)
 * June 9
 * Nathaniel Booth, 4th Baron Delamer, English peer who served as Chairman of Committees in the House of Lords from 1765 (d. 1770)
 * Francis Towneley, English Catholic and supporter of the exiled House of Stuart or Jacobite (d. 1746)
 * June 11 – Joachim Martin Falbe, German portrait painter (d. 1782)
 * June 15 – Louis, Count of Clermont (d. 1771)
 * June 28 – Nathan Tupper, farmer (d. 1784)

July–September

 * July 4 – Antonio Orgiazzi il Vecchio, Italian painter active mainly in the Valselsia (d. 1788)
 * July 5 – Étienne de Silhouette, French Ancien Régime Controller-General of Finances under Louis XV (d. 1767)
 * July 10 – William Berners, English property developer and slave owner (d. 1783)
 * July 11 – Johan Gottschalk Wallerius, Swedish chemist and mineralogist (d. 1785)
 * July 15 – Antoine Matthieu Le Carpentier, French architect (d. 1773)
 * July 17
 * Giovanni Carlo Bandi, Italian Cardinal who served as Bishop of Imola (d. 1784)
 * Friedrich Christian Baumeister, German philosopher (d. 1785)
 * Giuseppe Antonio Luchi, Italian painter (d. 1774)
 * July 24 – James Harris, grammarian (d. 1780)
 * August 8
 * Hermann Anton Gelinek, German monk and musician (d. 1779)
 * Johann Georg Gmelin, German naturalist (d. 1755)
 * Tokugawa Ietsugu, seventh shōgun of the Tokugawa dynasty (d. 1716)
 * August 10 – Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Marquis de Pompignan, French man of letters and erudition (d. 1784)
 * August 13 – William Clavering-Cowper, 2nd Earl Cowper, British noble (d. 1764)
 * August 16
 * Ludvig Harboe, Danish theologian and bishop (d. 1783)
 * John Eardley Wilmot, English judge, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas (1766–1771) (d. 1792)
 * August 18 – John Storr, officer of the Royal Navy (d. 1783)
 * August 21 – Frederick Henry, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1788)
 * August 26 – Guillaume Repin, French priest and martyr (d. 1794)
 * August 29 – Jean-Baptiste-Louis Gresset, French poet and dramatist (d. 1777)
 * August 30 – Frobenius Forster, German Benedictine (d. 1791)
 * September 5 – Rudolf Füssli, Swiss painter (d. 1793)
 * September 10 – Hachisuka Munekazu, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (d. 1735)
 * September 12 – Charles Somerset, 4th Duke of Beaufort (d. 1756)
 * September 17 – Jagat Singh II, Maharana of Mewar Kingdom (d. 1751)
 * September 18 – Samuel Johnson, English poet, biographer, essayist, and lexicographer (d. 1784)
 * September 29 – Joseph Gerrish, soldier (d. 1774)

October–December

 * October 5
 * Peter Applebye, British-Danish industrialist (d. 1774)
 * Ludovico Stern, Italian painter of the Rococo or late-Baroque period (d. 1777)
 * October 6 – Edward Kynaston, British landowner and Tory MP (d. 1772)
 * October 9
 * Jean-Baptiste de Belloy, Archbishop of Paris and cardinal of the Catholic Church (d. 1808)
 * John Clayton, English clergyman (d. 1773)
 * October 12 – Lord Anne Hamilton, Scottish nobleman (d. 1748)
 * October 13 – John Cole, 1st Baron Mountflorence, Irish peer and politician (d. 1767)
 * October 16 – Johann Daniel Ritter, German historian (d. 1775)
 * October 17 – Jean-Gabriel Berbudeau, French-born surgeon who spent time practicing medicine in eastern Canada (d. 1792)
 * October 19 – Sewallis Shirley, British Member of Parliament in the reign of George II (d. 1765)
 * October 25
 * Georg Gebel, German musician and composer (d. 1753)
 * Jan Wagenaar, Dutch historian (d. 1773)
 * November 1 – Ignatius von Weitenauer, German Jesuit writer (d. 1783)
 * November 2 – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, Hanoverian-born regent of Friesland (d. 1759)
 * November 6 – Christopher Marshall, leader in the American Revolution (d. 1797)
 * November 15 – Dirk Klinkenberg, mathematician, amateur astronomer, secretary of the Dutch government for 40 years (d. 1799)
 * November 18 – Henry Loftus, 1st Earl of Ely (d. 1783)
 * November 22 – Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Jerusalem, German Lutheran theologian during the Age of Enlightenment (d. 1789)
 * November 26 – - Battle of Samana
 * December 1 – Franz Xaver Richter, Austro-Moravian singer, violinist, composer, conductor and music theoretician (d. 1789)
 * December 9 – Pierre II Surette, art of the Acadian and Wabanaki Confederacy resistance against the British Empire in Acadia (d. 1789)
 * December 14
 * Caspar Friedrich Hachenberg, rector of the Latin school of Wageningen, The Netherlands, and writer of Greek and Latin grammars (d. 1793)
 * Charles Lawrence, British military officer who (d. 1760)
 * December 18 – Elizabeth of Russia, empress regnant of Russia (d. 1762)
 * December 21
 * Charles Frederick, MP (d. 1785)
 * Arnaud-François Lefèbvre, Apostolic Vicar of Cochin (d. 1760)
 * December 24 – Johann Evangelist Holzer, Austrian-German painter (d. 1740)

Deaths

 * January 20 – François de la Chaise, French confessor of Louis XIV of France (b. 1624)
 * January 22 – Henry Herbert, 1st Baron Herbert of Chirbury, English politician (b. 1654)
 * January 24 – George Rooke, English admiral (b. 1650)
 * January 26 – Eleonore Charlotte of Saxe-Lauenburg-Franzhagen, Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen (b. 1646)
 * February 8 – Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (b. 1658)
 * February 9 – François Louis, Prince of Conti, French general (b. 1664)
 * February 11 – Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate, German artist (b. 1622)
 * February 17 – Erik Benzelius the Elder, Swedish theologian (b. 1632)
 * February 19 – Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shōgun (b. 1646)
 * March 9 – Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu, English diplomat (b. 1638)
 * March 21 – Burchard de Volder, Dutch mathematician (b. 1643)
 * April 1 – Henri Jules, Prince of Condé (b. 1643)
 * April 2 – Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Italian artist working in the High Baroque and early Rococo periods (b. 1639)
 * April 5 – Roger de Piles, French painter (b. 1635)
 * April 8 – Wolfgang Dietrich of Castell-Remlingen, German nobleman (b. 1641)
 * April 20 – Johann Ernst von Thun, Tyrolean Catholic bishop (b. 1643)
 * April 21
 * Gurgin Khan (George XI of Kartli), Persian Governor of Kandahar (b. 1651)
 * Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano, Prince of Savoy (b. 1628)
 * June 25 – Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1677 until his death (b. 1647)
 * June 29 – Antoine Thomas, Belgian Jesuit astronomer in China (b. 1644)
 * June 30 – Edward Lhuyd, Welsh scientist (b. 1660)
 * July 17 – Robert Bolling, English settler in Virginia (b. 1646)
 * August 24 – Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German princess (b. 1640)
 * August 31 – Andrea Pozzo, Jesuit Brother, architect and painter (b. 1642)
 * September 4 – Jean-François Regnard, French comic poet (b. 1655)
 * September 7 – Gunno Dahlstierna, Swedish poet (b. 1661)
 * September 14 – Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero, Spanish cardinal and archbishop of Toledo (b. 1635)
 * October 2 – Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine (b. 1639)
 * October 5 – Daniel Speer, German Baroque composer and writer (b. 1636)
 * October 9 – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1640)
 * October 31 – Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, English nobleman (b. 1638)
 * November 4 – Barend Graat, Dutch painter (b. 1628)
 * November 23 – William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (b. 1649)
 * November 29 – Charles Dormer, 2nd Earl of Carnarvon, English noble (b. 1632)
 * December 1 – Abraham a Sancta Clara, Austrian preacher (b. 1644)
 * December 7 – Meindert Hobbema, Dutch painter (b. 1638)
 * December 8 – Thomas Corneille, French dramatist (b. 1625)
 * December 15 – Sir Stephen Lennard, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1637)
 * December 31
 * Pierre Cally, French philosopher and theologian (b. 1630)
 * Sir Thomas Littleton, 3rd Baronet, English statesman (b. 1647)
 * date unknown – John Coode, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. c. 1648)
 * probable date – Eleanor Glanville, English entomologist (b. 1654)

title: 1709


text:
1706

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Monday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

January–March

 * January 26
 * War of Spanish Succession: The uprising by Bavarians against the occupation of the Electorate of Bavaria by Austrian troops ends after 75 days, and ends the plans of Maximilian, the Elector of Bavaria, to bring Bavaria under the rule of the House of Wittelsbach.
 * Great Northern War – Battle of Grodno: A coalition of 34,000 Swedish and Polish troops besieges the then-Lithuanian city in the winter time, and clashes with 41,000 Russian and Saxon troops. After almost three months of fighting that lasts to April 10, Sweden takes control of the city, which is now located in Belarus.
 * February 6 – The city of Albuquerque, New Mexico, is incorporated by governor Don Francisco Cuervo y Valdes as La Villa de Alburquerque in the Spanish colonial province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México in New Spain. Governor Cuervo sends a report on April 23 to the Spanish Crown and to New Spain's Governor, Francisco Fernández de la Cueva, 10th Duke of Alburquerque announcing that the new villa, consisting of 35 families and having a population of 252 adults, has been named in honor of the Duke.
 * February 13 – Great Northern War – Battle of Fraustadt: Outnumbered more than 4 to 1 in infantry troops, and more than 2 to 1 overall, Swedish troops under the command of General Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld defeat a larger force of 20,000 Russian and Saxon infantry and cavalry.
 * March 21 – Mary Channing, who was pregnant at the time that she was convicted of the murder of her husband, is burned at the stake at Dorset, in front of a crowd of 10,000 onlookers.
 * March 27 – Concluding that Emperor Iyasus I of Ethiopia has abdicated by retiring to a monastery, a council of high officials appoint Tekle Haymanot I Emperor of Ethiopia.
 * March 31 – The last Courts (parliament) of the Principality of Catalonia are finished; their dissolution is presided over by King Charles III of Spain.

April–June

 * April 10 – The Battle of Grodno ends with a Swedish victory over Russian troops.
 * April 27 – War of the Spanish Succession: After a siege of 14 days, a French and Spanish army retakes control of Barcelona, which had been captured by England's army in 1705.
 * May 12 – A total eclipse of the Sun takes place and is visible in most of Europe, with a path crossing modern-day Spain, France, Germany, Poland and Russia
 * May 23 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Ramillies: English, Dutch, German, Swiss and Scottish troops led by John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, defeat Franco-Bavarian forces in the Low Countries.
 * June 9 – Frederick IV of Denmark-Norway sends the first two Protestant missionaries to India, dispatching Lutherans Heinrich Plütcshau and Bartholomeus Ziegenbalg to Denmark-Norway's colony in India, the Dansk Ostindien, based at Tharangambadi ("Tranquebar") in what is now the Tamil Nadu state.
 * June 11 – In Tibet, Lha-bzang Khan, khan of the Khoshut, kills the regent and kidnaps the 6th Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso, and kills the Lama's regent.
 * June 28 – War of the Spanish Succession: Troops dispatched from Portugal capture Madrid and proclaim the Habsburg dynasty's Archduke Charles of Austria to be the King Carlos III of Spain, after the Bourbon ruler, Philip V, has fled.
 * June 29 – Flemish Jesuit missionary François Noël is welcomed in China by the Kangxi Emperor at the Forbidden City in Beijing, and discusses the Emperor's disdain over the disapproval of Jesuit accommodation of Confucian rites by the Roman Catholic Church.

July–September

 * July 22 – The Treaty of Union between Scotland and England is agreed upon in London, for ratification by the national legislatures.
 * August 4 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Spanish Bourbon armies of King Philip V retake Madrid from the Portuguese and Habsburg Austria troops that had entered the city in June.
 * August 18 – King Louis XIV of France makes his last visit to Paris, and gets an update on the construction of the veterans' hospital at the Dome des Invalides, which he had commissioned more than 35 years earlier.
 * September 7 – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Turin: Forces of Austria and Savoy defeat the French near what is now the Italian city of Torino.

October–December

 * October 13
 * Augustus II, known as August der Starke (Augustus the Strong), Elector of Saxony, having ruled as King of Poland since 1706, signs the Treaty of Altranstädt (1706), renouncing all claims to the throne to settle his fight with Sweden during the Great Northern War
 * Iyasu I, Emperor of Ethiopia since 1682, is assassinated on the island of Tana, on orders of his son, Tekle Haymanot I, who has ruled in Iyasu's place. After being crowned as the new Empeor, Tekle Haymanot is stabbed to death in 1708 on orders of Iyasu's brother, Tewoflos
 * October – Twinings founder, Thomas Twining, opens the first known tea room at 216 Strand, London, still open.
 * November 4 – The Parliament of Scotland votes, 116 to 83, to approve the merger of Scotland with England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain.
 * November 6 – A British attempt to conquer the Canary Islands fails when a fleet of 12 Royal Navy warships, commanded by Admiral John Jennings is forced to retreat after being met by a heavy artillery attack while sailing into Santa Cruz Bay
 * November 15 – Five months after having been deposed from his position as the Dalai Lama, Tsangyang Gyatso disappears while in exile in Qinghai and is presumed to have been murdered.
 * November 28 – The royal wedding of Prussia takes place in Berlin between the 18-year-old Crown Prince Friedrich Wilhelm and his bride Sophia Dorothea of Hanover, the 19-year-old daughter of the future King George I of Great Britain.
 * December 9 – João V becomes the new King of Portugal upon the death of his father, Dom Pedro II, and begins a reign of 43 years.
 * December 14 – Spanish General Alexandre Maître, Marquis de Bay leads the successful capture of Alcántara from Portugal
 * December 31 – François Martin, the first Governor General of French India (now part of India's union territory of Puducherry, retires after seven years and is replaced by Pierre Dulivier.

January–March

 * January 1
 * Emma Howard, 10th Earl of Suffolk (d. 1745)
 * Nils Wallerius, Swedish physicist (d. 1764)
 * January 3 – Johann Caspar Füssli, Swiss portrait painter and writer (d. 1782)
 * January 7 – Johann Heinrich Zedler, German publisher (d. 1751)
 * January 17
 * Benjamin Franklin, American inventor and Founding Father (d. 1790)
 * George Michael Moser, Swiss artist and enameller (d. 1783)
 * Richard Penn Sr., proprietary and titular governor of Pennsylvania and the counties of New Castle County (d. 1771)
 * January 20 – Frederick Charles Augustus, Count of Lippe (d. 1781)
 * January 26 – John Elder, American colonial pastor (d. 1792)
 * January 28 – Shubal Stearns, American colonial evangelist and preacher during the Great Awakening (d. 1771)
 * February 2 – Claude-Godefroy Coquart, Jesuit priest who probably arrived in Quebec in 1739 (d. 1765)
 * February 8 – Luis de Córdova y Córdova, Spanish admiral (d. 1796)
 * February 11 – Nils Rosén von Rosenstein, Swedish physician (d. 1773)
 * February 12 – Johann Joseph Christian, German Baroque sculptor and woodcarver (d. 1777)
 * February 17 – Robert Hampden-Trevor, 1st Viscount Hampden, British diplomat at The Hague and then joint Postmaster General (d. 1783)
 * February 19 – John Hornyold, English Catholic bishop (d. 1778)
 * February 20 – Phineas Stevens, distinguished officer noted for his defense of the Fort at Number 4 during a siege in April 1747 (d. 1756)
 * February 26 – Jan Antonín Vocásek, Czech Baroque painter (d. 1757)
 * February 28 – Philippe-François Bart, French naval officer who was Governor of Saint-Domingue during the Seven Years' War (d. 1784)
 * March 1 – Sébastien Bigot de Morogues, French soldier, a sailor and military naval tactician (d. 1781)
 * March 4 – Lauritz de Thurah, Danish architect and architectural writer (d. 1759)
 * March 6 – Sir George Pocock, British admiral (d. 1792)
 * March 7 – Johann Leonhard Dober, one of the two first missionaries of the Moravian Brethren in the West Indies in 1732 (d. 1766)
 * March 12 – Johan Pasch, Swedish painter (d. 1769)
 * March 13 – Johann Christoph Heilbronner, German mathematical historian (d. 1745)
 * March 14 – Siegmund Jakob Baumgarten, German Protestant theologian (d. 1757)
 * March 23 – Anna Maria Barbara Abesch, Swiss reverse glass painter and the daughter of Johann Peter Abesch (d. 1773)
 * March 26 – Mather Byles, American clergyman active in British North America (d. 1788)
 * March 28 – Andrew Oliver, merchant and public official in the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1774)
 * March 30 – Tommaso Struzzieri, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Todi (1775–1780) (d. 1780)

April–June

 * April 2 – Johann Joseph Würth, Austrian silversmith of the late baroque period (d. 1767)
 * April 6 – Louis de Cahusac, French playwright and librettist (d. 1759)
 * April 18 – William Brattle, Attorney General of Province of Massachusetts Bay as well as a physician (d. 1776)
 * April 24 – Giovanni Battista Martini, Italian musician (d. 1784)
 * April 29 – Pierre-Antoine Gourgaud, French actor (d. 1774)
 * April 30 – Philipp Jakob Straub, Austrian sculptor (d. 1774)
 * May 12 – François Boissier de Sauvages de Lacroix, French physician and botanist who was a native of Alès (d. 1767)
 * May 17 – Andreas Felix von Oefele, German historian and librarian (d. 1780)
 * May 20 – Seth Pomeroy, American gunsmith and soldier from Northampton (d. 1777)
 * May 22 – Samuel Troilius, Archbishop of Uppsala in the Church of Sweden (d. 1764)
 * June 10 – John Dollond, English optician (d. 1761)
 * June 15 – Johann Joachim Kändler, German sculptor and important modeller of the Meissen porcelain manufactury (d. 1775)

July–September

 * July 3 – Robert Lee, 4th Earl of Lichfield, English politician and peer (d. 1776)
 * July 8 – John Hart, militia officer during King George's War and the French and Indian War (d. 1777)
 * July 16 – Charles Godefroy de La Tour d'Auvergne, French nobleman (d. 1771)
 * July 21 – Pierre Lyonnet, artist and engraver who became a naturalist (d. 1789)
 * August 1 – Franz Sebald Unterberger, South Tyrolean painter in the Baroque style (d. 1776)
 * August 4 – Frederick Charles, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (d. 1761)
 * August 11 – Princess Marie Auguste of Thurn and Taxis, Regent of Württemberg (d. 1756)
 * August 15 – Benjamin Dass, Norwegian educator and scholar who served as Rector of Trondheim Cathedral School (d. 1775)
 * August 16 – Bakht Singh of Marwar, Indian Raja of the Rathore Clan (d. 1752)
 * August 21 – Pierre Nicolas d'Incarville, French Jesuit, amateur botanist and missionary to China (d. 1757)
 * August 24 – Sir John Evelyn, 2nd Baronet, British courtier and Whig politician (d. 1767)
 * August 28 – Jan Bouman, Dutch architect (d. 1776)
 * September 3 – Alonso Verdugo, 3rd Count of Torrepalma, Spanish count (d. 1767)
 * September 8 – Antoine de Favray, French painter noted for his portraits of personalities of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1798)
 * September 9 – Jean-Baptiste Barsalou, Canadian fur trader (d. 1776)
 * September 12 – Léon Ménard, French lawyer and historian (d. 1767)
 * September 21 – Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg, second wife of Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia (d. 1735)
 * September 22 – Barbara Regina Dietzsch, Bavarian painter and engraver (d. 1783)

October–December

 * October 6
 * Princess Charlotte Amalie of Denmark, Danish princess (d. 1782)
 * Pieter Steyn, Grand Pensionary of Holland (d. 1772)
 * October 11 – Nicolaes Geelvinck, mayor of Amsterdam (d. 1764)
 * October 18 – Baldassare Galuppi, Venetian composer (d. 1785)
 * November 2 – Francis Godolphin, 2nd Baron Godolphin, British peer and politician (d. 1785)
 * November 6
 * Pierre Soubeyran, Swiss engraver (d. 1775)
 * William Tans'ur, English hymn-writer, composer and teacher of music (d. 1783)
 * November 7 – Carlo Cecere, Italian composer of operas (d. 1761)
 * November 8 – Johann Ulrich von Cramer, German judge and philosopher (d. 1772)
 * November 11 – Frederick William II, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, last Prince of Nassau-Siegen from the Calvinist line (d. 1734)
 * November 18 – Johann Friedrich Alexander, Prince of Wied, German ruler (d. 1791)
 * November 22 – Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough (d. 1758)
 * November 25 – Henry Dodwell, British religious controversialist and lawyer (d. 1784)
 * December 17 – Émilie du Châtelet, French mathematician and physicist (d. 1749)
 * December 23 – John Cornwallis, British politician (d. 1768)
 * December 24 – Anna Sophie Charlotte of Brandenburg-Schwedt, German noblewoman and member of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1751)
 * December 25 – Maria Anna of Schwarzenberg, Margravine consort of Baden-Baden and Princess of Schwarzenberg by birth (d. 1755)
 * December 31 – Elisabetta Maria Satellico, Italian Roman Catholic professed religious from the Poor Clares who served as her convent's abbess (d. 1745)
 * date unknown
 * James Abercrombie, British general (d. 1781)
 * Sabina Aufenwerth, German potter (d. 1782)
 * Barbe de Nettine, politically influential Austrian Netherlands banker (d. 1775)

Deaths

 * January 10 – Luisa Roldán, Spanish artist (b. 1652)
 * January 17 – Sir John Lowther, 2nd Baronet, of Whitehaven, English politician (b. 1642)
 * January 21 – Adrien Baillet, French scholar and critic (b. 1649)
 * January 29 – Charles Sackville, 6th Earl of Dorset, English poet and courtier (b. 1638)
 * February 5 – Pierre du Cambout de Coislin, French prelate (b. 1636)
 * February 12 – Balthasar Kindermann, German poet (b. 1636)
 * February 27 – John Evelyn, English writer, gardener and diarist (b. 1620)
 * March 1 – Heino Heinrich Graf von Flemming, German field marshal and Governor of Berlin (b. 1632)
 * March 3 – Johann Pachelbel, German composer (b. 1653)
 * March 6 – García Felipe de Legazpi y Velasco Altamirano y Albornoz, Spanish Catholic prelate, Bishop of Tlaxcala (b. 1643)
 * March 31 – Sultan Muhammad Akbar, Mughal prince (b. 1657)
 * April 8 – Caspar Schamberger, German surgeon and merchant (b. 1623)
 * April 10 – Arthur Chichester, 3rd Earl of Donegall, Irish soldier (b. 1666)
 * April 12 – Thomas Howard, 3rd Earl of Berkshire, English earl and politician (b. 1619)
 * April 25 – Thomas Hinckley, last colonial governor of Plymouth Colony (b. 1618)
 * April 27 – Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (1675–1706) (b. 1649)
 * May 2 – Georg Joseph Kamel, Jesuit missionary and botanist (b. 1661)
 * May 26 – Marcantonio Barbarigo, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal and venerable (b. 1640)
 * July 2 – Beatriz Kimpa Vita, Congolese prophet (b. 1684)
 * July 9 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (b. 1661)
 * August 6 – Jean-Baptiste du Hamel, French cleric and natural philosopher (b. 1624)
 * August 23 – Edward Nott, British Colonial Governor of Virginia (b. 1654)
 * August 26 – Michael Willmann, German painter (b. 1630)
 * September 1 – Cornelis de Man, Dutch painter (b. 1621)
 * September 9 – Ferdinand de Marsin, Marshal of France (b. 1656)
 * September 16 – Matthias Petersen, sea captain and whaler from the North Frisian island of Föhr (b. 1632)
 * September 26 – Onofrio Gabrieli, Italian painter (b. 1619)
 * October 13 – Iyasus I of Ethiopia (b. 1682)
 * October 17 – William Jones, English lawyer, Deputy Governor of Connecticut (b. 1624)
 * October 26 – Andreas Werckmeister, German organist, music theorist, and composer (b. 1645)
 * November 9 – Peter Mews, English Royalist theologian and bishop (b. 1619)
 * November 15 – Tsangyang Gyatso, 6th Dalai Lama (b. 1683)
 * November 16 – Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest, Dutch admiral (b. 1642)
 * November 20 – Sir Thomas Roberts, 4th Baronet, English politician (b. 1658)
 * December 3 – Countess Emilie Juliane of Barby-Mühlingen, German noblewoman and hymn author (b. 1637)
 * December 9 – King Peter II of Portugal (b. 1648)
 * December 12 – Christian Louis, Count of Waldeck-Wildungen (1645–1692) and Count of Waldeck and Pyrmont (1692–1706) (b. 1635)
 * December 28 – Pierre Bayle, French philosopher (b. 1647)
 * Byerley Turk, thoroughbred stallion (b. c. 1684)

Date unknown

 * Jeanne Dumée, French astronomer (b. 1660)

title: 1706