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Grant Park (Chicago)

Grant Park is a large urban park in the Loop community area of Chicago, Illinois. Located within the city's central business district, the 319 acre park's features include Millennium Park, Buckingham Fountain, the Art Institute of Chicago, and the Museum Campus.

Originally known as Lake Park, and dating from the city's founding, it was renamed in 1901 to honor U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant. The park's area has been expanded several times through land reclamation, and was the focus of several disputes in the late 19th century and early 20th century over open space use. It is bordered on the north by Randolph Street, on the south by Roosevelt Road and McFetridge Drive, on the west by Michigan Avenue and on the east by Lake Michigan. The park contains performance venues, gardens, art work, sporting, and harbor facilities. It hosts public gatherings and several large annual events.

Grant Park is popularly referred to as "Chicago's front yard". It is governed by the Chicago Park District.

History
The original plans for the town of Chicago left the area east of Michigan Avenue unsubdivided and vacant, and purchasers of Michigan Avenue lots were promised that it would remain unoccupied. When the former Fort Dearborn Reserve became part of the townsite in 1839, the plan of the area east of Michigan Avenue south of Randolph was marked "Public ground. Forever to remain vacant of buildings."

The city officially designated the land as a park on April 29, 1844, naming it Lake Park. When the Illinois Central Railroad was built into Chicago in 1852, it was permitted to lay track along the lakefront on a causeway built offshore from the park. The resulting lagoon became stagnant, and was largely filled in 1871 with debris from the Great Chicago Fire, increasing the parkland. In 1896, the city began extending the park into the lake with landfill, beyond the rail lines. On October 9, 1901, the park was renamed Grant Park in honor of American Civil War commanding General and United States President Ulysses S. Grant. At the 1868 Republican National Convention in Chicago, Grant had been nominated for his first presidential term.

The legal restrictions prohibiting any buildings in the park were ignored in the 19th century, as various civic buildings were sited there. At various times, a post office, exposition center, armory, and even an early home field of the baseball club now known as the Chicago Cubs were built in the park. A 1904 plan prepared by the Olmsted Brothers recommended locating the Field Museum as the park's centerpiece, an idea integrated into Daniel Burnham and Edward H. Bennett's 1909 Plan of Chicago. Chicago businessman Aaron Montgomery Ward ultimately fought four court battles, opposed by nearly every civic leader, to keep the park free of buildings. The one exception to which Ward consented was for the Art Institute of Chicago, constructed in 1892.

In the early 20th century, Grant Park was expanded with further landfill—much of it from the excavations of the Chicago Tunnel Company—and developed with a very formal landscape design by Edward Bennett. More landfill in the 1910s and 1920s provided sites for the Adler Planetarium, Field Museum of Natural History, and Shedd Aquarium, which were linked together as the Museum Campus in 1998. In 2004, a section of northern Grant Park, previously occupied by Illinois Central railyards and parking lots, was covered and redeveloped as Millennium Park.

Events

The park has been the site of many large civic events. It served as the staging ground for the city's funeral procession for President Abraham Lincoln in 1865. In 1911, the park hosted the major Chicago International Aviation Meet. In 1913 the AAU held the USA Outdoor Track and Field Championships. In 1959, to celebrate the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway and a related International Trade Fair, Queen Elizabeth II, disembarked here from the Royal Yacht Britannia, giving the park's "Queen's Landing" its name. The park was the scene of clashes between Chicago Police and demonstrators during the 1968 Democratic National Convention. Pope John Paul II celebrated an outdoor mass to a large crowd here in 1979. Championship celebrations were staged here for the Chicago Bulls during the 1990s, and the Chicago Blackhawks after winning the Stanley Cup in 2013. The park was the location for President Barack Obama's Election Day victory speech on the night of November 4, 2008. In 2015, Grant Park hosted the first outdoor National Football League (NFL) draft and a related festival. The Chicago Cubs held their rally for their World Series Championship win on November 4, 2016 with an estimated 5 million people attending the parade and event.

The park annually hosts some of Chicago's biggest festivals, including The Taste of Chicago—a large food and music festival held each summer; the Grant Park Music Festival; the Chicago Jazz Festival; the Chicago Blues Festival; and Lollapalooza, a festival of rock concerts. The park is also the site of the start and finish lines of the Chicago Marathon. The annual NASCAR Chicago street race is held every year at Grant Park.

Features
With 319 acre between the downtown Chicago Loop and Lake Michigan, Grant Park offers many different attractions in its large open space. The park is generally flat. It is also crossed by large boulevards and even a bed of sunken railroad tracks. While bridges are used to span the tracks, and to connect with Millennium Park, the rest of the park must be reached by pedestrians at traffic crossings, except for a spacious underpass connection to the Museum Campus. There are also several parking garages under the park, along Michigan Avenue and east of Columbus Drive.

When the park was landscaped in the early 20th century in a formal beaux arts style, tall American Elms were planted in allées and rectangular patterns. While hundreds of these trees still exist, reaching 60 ft tall, they were devastated in the late 1970s by Dutch elm disease. Hybrid elms have since been used to replace those lost.

Millennium Park
The northwestern corner of the park was renovated from 1998 to 2004 to become Millennium Park, a contiguous area with a variety of artistic features by architects and artists. Millennium Park features the Jay Pritzker Pavilion, the Cloud Gate (aka The Bean), the Crown Fountain, the Lurie Garden, and other attractions. The park is connected by the BP Pedestrian Bridge and the Nichols Bridgeway to other portions of Grant Park.

Maggie Daley Park
Across the BP Pedestrian Bridge from Millennium Park, the northeast corner of Grant Park hosts outdoor and indoor activities at what is now Maggie Daley Park, previously called Daley Bicentennial Plaza. Designed by landscape architect Michael Van Valkenburgh, attractions here include summer and winter skating rinks, an extensive playground, climbing walls, tennis and pickleball courts, and an activities building, which were redeveloped from 2012 to 2015.

Art Institute of Chicago
Built in 1893 on the western edge of Grant Park, the Art Institute of Chicago is one of the premier art museums and art schools in the US, known especially for the extensive collection of Impressionist and American art, such as A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, and Grant Wood's American Gothic. The School of the Art Institute of Chicago has facilities in the southeast corner of the museum's Grant Park complex.

Buckingham Fountain
The center piece of Grant Park is Buckingham Fountain, one of the world's largest fountains. In a rococo wedding cake style, the fountain was dedicated in 1927 as a gift to the city from Kate Sturges Buckingham in memory of her brother Clarence. The fountain operates from April to October with water displays every 20 minutes and a light and water display from 8:00 am to 11:00 pm.

Museum Campus
Chicago's Museum Campus is a 57 acre addition to Grant Park's southeastern end. The Museum Campus is the site of three of the city's most notable museums, all dedicated to the natural sciences: Adler Planetarium, Field Museum of Natural History, and Shedd Aquarium. A narrow isthmus along Solidarity Drive dominated by neoclassical sculptures of Kościuszko, Havliček and Nicolaus Copernicus connects to Northerly Island where the planetarium is located to the east of the Museum Campus situated on the mainland.

Petrillo Music Shell
Located at Jackson and Columbus Drives, the Petrillo Music Shell hosts music performances during the Chicago Jazz Festival, Chicago Blues Festival, Taste of Chicago, and Lollapalooza. The music shell's seating area includes an area called Butler Field, the block bounded by Lake Shore Drive, Columbus Drive, Monroe Drive, and Jackson Drive. The previous Petrillo Bandshell structure faced Hutchinson Field at the south end of the park, near 1100 South Columbus Drive.

Congress Plaza
Congress Plaza is a ceremonial entrance located on the park's western edge, at the Ida B. Wells Drive and Michigan Avenue intersection. Two semicircular plazas flanking Ida B. Wells Drive contain gardens, fountains, and artwork, including a pair of large bronze warrior statues, The Bowman and The Spearman that are positioned like gatekeepers to the park.

Gardens
There are several gardens and flower displays throughout the park. Millennium Park houses the Lurie Garden, known for its display of tall grass flowers, particularly lavender, and a decorative post-modern water stream. To the east, across the BP Pedestrian Bridge, Daley Park holds tall grass plantings. To the northeast in Daley Park, at 375 East Randolph Drive, is the Richard & Annette Bloch Cancer Survivors Garden, marked by two huge doric columns from the demolished Chicago Federal Building and a wrought-iron pergola. The garden contains numerous walkways lined with planters and is one of several similar spaces created nationwide by R. A. Bloch Cancer Foundation.

Flanking the original Art Institute of Chicago Building are gardens in the north and south McCormick Courtyards; in the south courtyard is the bronze sculpture Fountain of the Great Lakes. To the south of the art museum, along Michigan Avenue, are a succession of gardens. Two of these are not far from to Orchestra Hall and honor former conductors of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra (Sir Georg Solti and Theodore Thomas).

To the southeast of the Art Institute, near the Court of Presidents, are demonstration gardens that flank Ida B. Wells Drive and surrounding Buckingham Fountain are a series of formal gardens, including the Tiffany Celebration Garden to the south.

The Court of the Presidents
The Court of the Presidents is located directly on the north and south side of E. Ida B. Wells Drive, west of S. Columbus Drive and east of S. Michigan Ave. Manicured gardens and art work help define the Court of Presidents. South President's Court, until recently, has primarily been gardens. However, within the past decade the city has decided to use the area to showcase art work by Chicagoans. While unique artwork has long been a tradition of Chicago's parks, South President's Court had the added benefit of showcasing "in house" art as its first newsworthy collection, entitled "Artist and Automobiles." The collection, organized by the Public Art Program and the Chicago Department of Cultural Affairs, consisted of sculptures composed entirely of parts found on old automobiles.

Hutchinson Field
Much of the southern end of Grant Park is given over to Hutchinson Field, an open space for large events, with a dozen baseball or softball diamonds named for financier and long-time Art Institute President, Charles L. Hutchinson.

Chicago Lakefront Trail
A section of the Chicago Lakefront Trail, an 18-mile multi-use path along the city's Lake Michigan shoreline, runs through the park's eastern edge. The trail runs adjacent to Lake Shore Drive from Randolph Drive to Balbo Drive, then along the very edge of the seawall around the Shedd Aquarium. An underpass carries the trail under Solidarity Drive into Burnham Park.

Marinas and harbors
Two Lake Michigan marinas are accessed from Grant Park. Monroe Harbor provides 1000 mooring cans (served by tender service) and facilities in the expansive harbor east of the park. It is home to both the Chicago Yacht Club and the Columbia Yacht Club. Queen's Landing, at the center of the harbor and park's shoreline, is named for a 1959 visit there by Queen Elizabeth II aboard the Royal Yacht Britannia, in conjunction with the opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway. Du Sable Harbor, created in 1999 north of Randolph Drive, offers 420 boat docks and a harbor store.

Skate Plaza
The Grant Park Skate Plaza, designed by Chicago Landscape Architects Altamanu, was opened on December 6, 2014. The Plaza was initiated by Grant Park Conservancy President, Robert O'Neill. The new park occupies 3 acre and has replaced the former skate area near the tennis courts. The Conservancy sought planning support from local skateboarders and BMX bikers who formed the Grant Park Conservancy & Advisory Council Skate Committee. The Plaza is located in the southwest corner of the park near the former site of the 1893 Central Station and includes limestone pieces from the former railroad terminal. The plaza cost $2.65 Million to build. In 2014, the park hosted both the Mountain Dew Skate Tour for its first return to Chicago since 2010 and the Volcom Wild in the Parks Tour for its first appearance in Chicago.

Dog park
Grant Bark Park, located on the corner of Columbus Drive and 11th Street, is a place for dogs to get their exercise. It's an off-leash park of 18000 sqft. The park is made of asphalt and pea gravel. Members pay a monthly fee to attend the park that helps with the upkeep and maintains the cleanliness. A water fountain for both dogs and humans is provided. Membership fees and any donations go toward maintenance. The park hosts benefits and events related to dogs to raise money as well. Leashed dogs are permitted in most areas of the park, but not in Millennium Park.

Other facilities
The shaded walking paths in Grant Park cover several miles. A circuit of the park's walking paths is estimated to take 4 mi.

For other sporting activities, the park has 16 softball/baseball fields and 12 tennis courts, open to the general public.

Public art
The park holds a great deal of public art, much of it sculpture, in many areas including in Millennium Park, near Buckingham Fountain, the several gardens, and Congress Plaza. Four individual large installations, in other areas of the park, include:

Abraham Lincoln Monument
Abraham Lincoln: The Head of State is a statue by sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens set in a 150-foot wide exedra by architect Stanford White, honoring the Illinois resident and 16th President of the United States. The statue was cast in 1908 and was displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and at the 1915 San Francisco World's Fair, prior to being installed in the park in 1926. It is located in the Court of Presidents, north of Ida B. Wells Drive and west of Columbus Drive and is frequently called Seated Lincoln to avoid confusion with Saint-Gaudens' 1887 sculpture Abraham Lincoln: The Man in Lincoln Park.

Agora
Agora (from Greek, for urban meeting place) is an installation of 106 headless, armless sculptures designed by the Polish artist Magdalena Abakanowicz in southwestern Grant Park near Roosevelt Road. The piece was brought to the park in 2006. The figures are 9 ft tall and weigh approximately 1800 lb. Each is made from a hollow, seamless piece of weathering or COR-TEN® steel, giving the pieces a reddish appearance and rough bark-like texture. The figures appear to be milling about in a crowd; some face each other, while others look away.

Columbus Monument
A bronze statue by Carlo ("Charles", "Carl") Brioschi was displayed on a monumental pedestal at the southern end of Grant Park. In 1933, Chicago celebrated its 100th anniversary with the Century of Progress World's Fair. In conjunction with the fair, Chicago's Italian-American community raised funds and donated the statue of the Genoese navigator and explorer, Christopher Columbus. It was removed on July 24, 2020 by order of Mayor Lori Lightfoot amid the George Floyd protests in Chicago and the deployment of federal forces to Chicago over Lightfoot's objections.

Logan Monument
At Michigan Avenue and Ninth Street is the General John Logan Memorial, a large equestrian statue of John A. Logan, dedicated in 1897. Logan was a United States major general, who had resigned his congressional seat to serve in the U.S. Army during the Civil War. He led troops in many battles throughout the West and South. After the war, he was elected to the U.S. Senate from Illinois. The monument mound, with a statue by Augustus Saint-Gaudens and Alexander Phimister Proctor, was initially intended as a burial site for Logan, but his family declined to relocate the general's grave.

Children's Museum
The Chicago Children's Museum announced plans in 2006 for a $100 million structure to replace its facilities at Navy Pier. The museum hoped to construct an underground building on the site of Daley Bicentennial Plaza, a plan that Mayor Richard M. Daley and council members approved in 2008. Some council members and area residents opposed the project and vowed to fight the proposal. After fundraising lagged, in January 2012, the Children's Museum announced that it no longer would seek a Grant Park location.

title: Grant Park (Chicago)


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School of the Art Institute of Chicago

The School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC) is a private art school associated with the Art Institute of Chicago (AIC) in Chicago, Illinois. Tracing its history to an art students' cooperative founded in 1866, which grew into the museum and school, SAIC has been accredited since 1936 by the Higher Learning Commission, by the National Association of Schools of Art and Design since 1944 (charter member), and by the Association of Independent Colleges of Art and Design (AICAD) since the association's founding in 1991. Additionally it is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board. In a 2002 survey conducted by Columbia University's National Arts Journalism Program, SAIC was named the "most influential art school" in the United States.

Its downtown Chicago campus consists of seven buildings located in the immediate vicinity of the AIC building. SAIC is in an equal partnership with the AIC and shares many administrative resources such as design, construction, and human resources. The campus, located in the Loop, comprises chiefly five main buildings: the McLean Center (112 S. Michigan Ave.), the Michigan building (116 S Michigan Ave), the Sharp (36 S. Wabash Ave.), Sullivan Center (37 S. Wabash Ave.), and the Columbus (280 S. Columbus Dr.). SAIC also holds classes in the Spertus building at 610 S. Michigan. SAIC owns additional buildings throughout Chicago that are used as student galleries or investments. There are three dormitory facilities: The Buckingham, Jones Hall, and 162 N State Street residencies.

History
The institute has its roots in the 1866 founding of the Chicago Academy of Design, which local artists established in rented rooms on Clark Street. It was financed by member dues and patron donations. Four years later, the school moved into its own Adams Street building, which was destroyed in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871.

Because of the school's financial and managerial problems after this loss, business leaders in 1878 formed a board of trustees and founded the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts. They expanded its mission beyond education and exhibitions to include collecting. In 1882, the academy was renamed the Art Institute of Chicago. The banker Charles L. Hutchinson served as its elected president until his death in 1924. The school grew to become among the "most influential" art schools in the United States.

Walter E. Massey served as president, from 2010 until July 2016. The current president is Elissa Tenny, who formerly served as the school's provost.

Academics
SAIC offers classes in art and technology; arts administration; art history, theory, and criticism; art education and art therapy; ceramics; fashion design; filmmaking; historic preservation; architecture; interior architecture; designed objects; journalism; painting and drawing; performance; photography; printmaking; sculpture; sound; new media; video; visual communication; visual and critical studies; animation; illustration; fiber; and writing. SAIC also serves as a resource for issues related to the position and importance of the arts in society.

SAIC also offers an interdisciplinary Low-Residency MFA for students wishing to study the fine arts and/or writing.

Chicago Architects Oral History Project
In 1983, the Department of Architecture began the Chicago Architects Oral History Project. More than 78 architects have contributed.

Demographics
As of fall 2018, the student enrollment at SAIC is demographically classified as follows:

Total Enrollment: 3,640

Undergraduate students: 2,895

Graduate students: 745

Sex:

Female: 74.3%

Male: 25.7%

International and ethnic origin:

International students: 33% (countries represented: 67)

United States students: 67%, further subdivided as follows:

White: 32.6%

Hispanic: 10.4%

Asian or Pacific Islander: 8.9%

African American: 3.3%

American Indian: 0.2%

Multiethnic: 2.8%

Not Specified: 8.4%

Geographic distribution of United States students:

Midwest: 41.2% (includes 8.8% from Chicago)

Northeast: 16.5%

West: 19.4%

South: 22.8%

Visiting Artists Program
Founded in 1868, the Visiting Artists Program (VAP) is one of the oldest public programs of the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Formalized in 1951 by Flora Mayer Witkowsky's endowment of a supporting fund, the Visiting Artists Program hosts public presentations by artists, designers, and scholars each year in lectures, symposia, performances, and screenings. It showcases work in all media, including sound, video, performance, poetry, painting, and independent film; in addition to significant curators, critics, and art historians.

Recent visiting artists have included Catherine Opie, Andi Zeisler, Aaron Koblin, Jean Shin, Sam Lipsyte, Ben Marcus, Marilyn Minter, Pearl Fryar, Tehching Hsieh, Homi K. Bhabha, Bill Fontana, Wolfgang Laib, Suzanne Lee, and Amar Kanwar among others.

Additionally, the Distinguished Alumni Series brings alumni back to the community to present their work and reflect on how their experiences at SAIC have shaped them. Recent alumni speakers include Tania Bruguera, Jenni Sorkin, Kori Newkirk, Maria Martinez-Cañas, Saya Woolfalk, Jun Nguyen-Hatsushiba, Trevor Paglen, and Sanford Biggers to name a few.

Galleries

 * SAIC Galleries – Located at 33 E. Washington Street, SAIC Galleries occupies four floors and offers 26,000 square feet of exhibition space for annual student and faculty shows, as well as special exhibitions featuring national and international artists.
 * Sullivan Galleries – Located to the 7th floor of the Sullivan Center at 33 S. State Street. With shows and projects often led by faculty or student curators, it is a teaching gallery. In the spring of 2020, SAIC announced it would relocate its galleries and Department of Exhibitions & Exhibition Studies from 33 S. State Street to 33 E. Washington Street after ten years of operation.
 * SITE Galleries (formerly Student Union Galleries) – Founded in 1994, SITE, once known as the Student Union Galleries (SUGs), is a student-run organization at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago (SAIC) for the exhibition of student work. They have two locations: The SITE Sharp of the 37 South Wabash Avenue building; and SITE Columbus of the 280 South Columbus Drive building. The two locations allow the galleries to cycle two shows simultaneously.

ExTV
ExTV is a student-run time-arts platform that broadcasts online and on campus. Its broadcasts are available via monitors located throughout the 112 S. Michigan building, the 37 S Wabash building, and the 280 S. Columbus building.

F Newsmagazine
F Newsmagazine is SAIC's student-run newspaper. The magazine is a monthly publication with a run of 12,000 copies. Copies are distributed throughout the city, mainly at locations frequented by students such as popular diners and movie theaters.

Free Radio SAIC
Free Radio SAIC is the student-run Internet radio station of The School of the Art Institute of Chicago. Free Radio uses an open programming format and encourage its DJs to explore and experiment with the medium of live radio. Program content and style vary but generally include music from all genres, sound art, narratives, live performances, current events and interviews.

Featured bands and guests on Free Radio SAIC include Nü Sensae, The Black Belles, Thomas Comerford, Kevin Michael Richardson, Jeff Bennett, Carolyn Lawrence, and much more.

Student government
The student government of SAIC is unique in that its constitution requires four officers holding equal power and responsibility. Elections are held every year. There are no campaign requirements. Any group of four students may run for office, but there must always be four students.

The student government is responsible for hosting a school-wide student meeting once a month. At these meetings students discuss school concerns of any nature. The predominant topic is funding for the various student organizations. Organizations which desire funding must present a proposal at the meeting by which the students vote whether they should receive monies or not. The student government cannot participate in the vote: only oversee it.

Ranking
In a survey conducted by the National Arts Journalism Program at Columbia University, SAIC was named the "most influential art school" by art critics at general interest news publications from across the United States. The school has a graduation rate of 68%.

In 2017, U.S. News & World Report college rankings ranked SAIC the fourth best overall graduate program for fine arts in the U.S. tying with the Rhode Island school of Design. In January 2013, the Global Language Monitor ranked SAIC as the #5 college in the U.S., the highest ever for an art or design school in a general college ranking.

In 2020 and 2021, U.S. News & World Report ranked SAIC as the second best overall graduate program for fine arts in the U.S. tied with Yale University. In 2021, the university was ranked the seventh globally according to the QS World University Rankings by the subject Art and Design.

Notable people
Notable professors included Contemporary Artists and leading Art Historians at SAIC include Nick Cave, James Elkins, Lisa Wainwright, Stephanie Brooks, Mary Jane Jacob, Frank Piatek, Edra Soto, Michelle Grabner, Jefferson Pinder, Adrian Wong, and Candida Alvarez.

Notable alumni include Ivan Albright, Thomas Hart Benton, Amanda Crowe, Megan Elizabeth Euker, Richard Hunt, Jeff Koons, Joan Mitchell, Georgia O'Keefe, Belle Silveira, Charles W. White, and Grant Wood.

Mirth & Girth
On May 11, 1988, a student painting depicting Harold Washington, the first black mayor of Chicago, was taken down by three of the city's African-American aldermen based on its content. The painting by David Nelson, titled Mirth & Girth, was of Washington clad only in women's underwear and holding a pencil. Washington had died suddenly less than six months earlier, on November 25, 1987.

After the aldermen held the painting hostage, Police Superintendent LeRoy Martin ordered officers to take it into custody. Art students protested. The painting was returned after a day. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed a lawsuit against the Chicago Police Department and the aldermen. The ACLU claimed the removal violated Nelson's First, Fourth, and Fourteenth amendment rights. A 1992 federal court affirmed his constitutional rights had been violated. In 1994 the city agreed to a settlement to end litigation; the money would go toward attorneys' fees for the ACLU. The three aldermen agreed not to appeal the 1992 ruling, and the Police Department established procedures over seizure of materials protected by the First Amendment.

What Is the Proper Way to Display a U.S. Flag?
In February 1989, as part of a piece entitled What Is the Proper Way to Display a U.S. Flag?, a student named "Dread" Scott Tyler spread a Flag of the United States on the floor of the institute. The piece consisted of a podium, set upon the flag, and containing a notebook for viewers to express how they felt about the exhibit. In order for viewers to write in the notebook, they would have to walk on the flag, which is a violation of customary practice and code. While the exhibit faced protests from veterans and bomb threats, the school stood by the student's art. That year, the school's state funding was cut from $70,000 to $1, and the piece was publicly condemned by President George H. W. Bush. Scott would go on to be one of the defendants in United States v. Eichman, a Supreme Court case in which it was eventually decided that federal laws banning flag desecration were unconstitutional.

Academic freedom controversy
In 2017, a controversy arose after Michael Bonesteel, an adjunct professor specializing in outsider art, and comics, resigned after actions taken by the institute following two Title IX complaints by transgender students being filed against him in which each criticized his comments and class discussion. The institute initiated an investigation and took certain actions. Bonesteel described the SAIC investigation as a "Kafkaesque trial", in which he was never shown copies of the complaints. He claimed he was assumed to be "guilty until proven innocent" and that SAIC "feels more like a police state than a place where academic freedom and the open exchange of ideas is valued".

Laura Kipnis, author of a book on Title IX cases in which she argues that universities follow reckless and capricious approaches, argued that SAIC was displaying "jawdropping cowardice". She said, "The idea that students are trying to censor or curb a professor’s opinions or thinking is appalling". The school said the claims made against it were "problematic" and "misleading", and that it supports academic freedom.

Property
This is a list of property in order of acquisition:
 * 280 South Columbus (classrooms, departmental offices, studios, Betty Rymer Gallery)
 * 37 South Wabash (classrooms, main administrative offices, Flaxman Library)
 * 112 South Michigan (classrooms, departmental offices, studios, ballroom)
 * 7 West Madison (student residences)
 * 162 North State (student residences)
 * 164 North State Street (Gene Siskel Film Center)
 * 116 South Michigan

SAIC also owns these properties outside of the immediate vicinity of the Chicago Loop:
 * 1926 North Halsted (The Roger Brown Study Collection) in Chicago.

SAIC leases:
 * 36 South Wabash, leasing the 12th floor (administrative offices, Architecture and Interior Architecture Design Center)
 * 36 South Wabash, leasing the 7th floor (Fashion Design department, Gallery 2)
 * 36 South Wabash, leasing offices on the 14th floor (administrative offices)
 * 36 South Wabash, leasing offices on the 15th floor (administrative offices)
 * 33 East Washington, leasing the lower four stories (gallery space, administrative offices, and graduate studios)

Academic partnerships

 * Glasgow School of Art (United Kingdom)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: School of the Art Institute of Chicago


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Congress Plaza
Greetings! Sorry for my english. I want to write an article in Russian and I just can't understand what Congress Plaza is — the park area in front of the entrance, a flower garden, some kind of building / structure or something else? Please tell me. Зайва Игорь Леонидович (talk) 06:34, 25 July 2020 (UTC)
 * And, I found a description on the net, I understand now: this is the park area at the entrance with flowers and fountains, I could not translate correctly. Thanks to all. Зайва Игорь Леонидович (talk) 06:45, 25 July 2020 (UTC)
 * Your English is fine! 104.187.66.104 (talk) 17:33, 2 July 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Grant Park (Chicago)


text:
Talk:Philip K. Dick

Comic Books
There is a comic book/graphic novel version of "A Scanner Darkly", where the movie has been freeze-framed and word balloons have been added. Does that count as a comic book? I know this volume exists since I ordered the novel and the seller sent me the comic instead by mistake. Yes, yes, original research, but the dingus exists. Maybe some PhilDickian editor could work to verify this. This is the thing on Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Scanner-Darkly-Graphic-Novel/dp/0375424024/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1483315738&sr=8-1&keywords=scanner+darkly+graphic  — Preceding unsigned comment added by 70.68.254.133 (talk) 00:13, 2 January 2017 (UTC)

New music allusions
The band Bloc Party just released an album (8/20/12) which outright references VALIS (song title), and "the empire never ended," in "Coliseum" I am not smart enough to edit the page to reflect this. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 99.94.133.212 (talk) 03:48, 26 August 2012 (UTC)

Why Do they remove the bibliography?
I hope someone may explain this: I have noticed that, unlike other articles about other authors (check J.G. Ballard) there is no Bibliography here. By this I mean a section with a list of the most important critical contributions on Dick; something you do have in printed encyclopedias, btw. I have added one to the article, listing the main book-length essays on Dick, and it was quickly deleted. Why is that? Those who did it do not seem to know much about how an encyclopedia article about a writer (any writer) should be. --93.40.75.96 (talk) 14:07, 14 May 2011 (UTC)
 * They haven't removed it! It's under the reference section. Talk about alternate realities!--James.kerans (talk) 14:15, 14 May 2011 (UTC)
 * and under "Selected works" section there is a link to the full bibliography which is in a separate article Bibliography of Philip K. Dick Kathodonnell (talk) 16:49, 14 May 2011 (UTC)
 * I see what you mean: there's a secondary bibliography at the end of the Bibliography of Philip K. Dick; yet I didn't see it until you told me! I reckon someone who's reading the PKD article - say, a college student who has to write an essay or something like that - might not realize that there is a secondary bibliography at the end of the primary bibliography. On the other hand, creating a page for the secondary bibliography seems to be a bit too much. I wonder whether a second link in the main article on Dick would do, I mean a "Secondary Bibliography on PKD" which directly brings you to that section of the Bibliography article.--James.kerans (talk) 19:13, 14 May 2011 (UTC)

"Insurance nurse"
What would an insurance nurse be, and why would one be sent out in the circumstances described in the article? nonky 22:05, 7 March 2009 (UTC)

Obsolete
The 2009 release date for the biopic may already be inoperative, but it surely will be if not replaced before 2009 ends. A tag on that sent will then indicate "[dated info]", and start pointing here. If it's changed, whether before or after, a note added to this section would be an efficient bit of collegiality. --Jerzy•t 21:50, 24 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I've removed this hidden comment from the article:
 * A 3-y.o. self-serving press release about a future film is no longer credible when the release date is less than a year away and there is no independent confirmation. (IMDb may not be presumed indpt, but they've updated to pleading ignorance.) If something better can be found, add a ref & update the enclosing template
 * The talk page (here) is the appropriate place for such discussions to take place, not in hidden comments in the article itself. I've left a pointer to this page in its place. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 19:24, 25 May 2009 (UTC)
 * Seems good, Ed, tho i'm making it a section lk. --Jerzy•t 08:06, 28 May 2009 (UTC)
 * I deleted that biopic press release. The film hasn't happened and a look at a few sites suggests it isn't going to happen. I'm sure it will be readded and updated if it isn't obsolete. Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 12:34, 20 February 2010 (UTC)

"Year in literature" links
Anybody think the hidden links to "xxxx in literature" add anything? I propose removing them per WP:EGG and WP:OVERLINK. --John (talk) 04:38, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * John, are on about this again? First, these are not Easter eggs, they hide nothing.  You click on a linked year in a literature-related article, and you are sent to an article about that year in literature. just as if you clicked on a linked year in a general subject article, it sends you to an article about that year.  That's precisely the same functionality, so there's nothing whatsoever that is hidden. Second, yes, they do add something, they give the reader the ability to get some context about a book's publication year (if they want to), the kind of broad context that would not be appropriate for direct inclusion in the article. Third, as far as I know there is still an RfArb open concerning date linking, and I believe we've been asked to hold off on linking and delinking dates until they finish considering the case and post their results. Given all that I see no reason to make changes here. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 04:46, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

 * A notice of this discussion has been posted at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Books. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 04:50, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * A notice of this discussion has been posted at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Biography. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 04:53, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * A notice of this discussion has been posted at Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Science Fiction. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 04:54, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * From WP:OVERLINK under Year Linking "they contain information that is germane and topical to the subject matter" and few of these links meet that criteria. So yes they should be removed. Blithely adding "year" or "year in literature" links purely on the basis the year applies and the subject is literary is NOT enough. :: Kevinalewis  : (Talk Page) /(Desk)  09:14, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Per WP:OVERLINK, YIL is way overlinked. Remove all wikilinks, keep the year-links preceded by a book. feydey (talk) 09:27, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

Link to www.kirjasto.sci.fi/pkdick.htm
An editor has been deleting a ref to this site, saying that it's spam, but when I go to it, I get an essay on Dick. Are we seeing different things, or interpreting the same thing differently? Ed Fitzgerald t / c 20:17, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The editor in question left this comment on my talk page, which I'm transferring here, since I think the discussion should take place here."http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ is not a valid source according to how I interpret Reliable sources. *Articles should rely on reliable, third-party, published sources with a reputation for fact-checking and accuracy. *Self-published sources are largely not acceptable, though may be used only in limited circumstances, with caution, when produced by an established expert on the topic of the article whose work in the relevant field has previously been published by reliable third-party publications. This webpage doesn't say what the author's qualifications are or even where the material came from. The main purpose of the webpage seems to be links to Amazon.com.-Crunchy Numbers (talk) 20:16, 10 June 2009 (UTC)" Transferred by Ed Fitzgerald t / c 20:20, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * I believe the bone of contention is the two prominent affiliate marketing links to Amazon on the page in question. The editor's comment on your talkpage is irrelevant because this link is not being used as a source for the article; per WP:ELMAYBE, appropriate links include "Sites which fail to meet criteria for reliable sources yet still contain information about the subject of the article from knowledgeable sources."  Skomorokh   20:26, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * You're mistaken, it is being used to reference the fact that Dick spent most of his career in poverty. I'd say the editor question has a point; it doesn't look like a reliable source to me, interesting little essay though it is. --John (talk) 20:35, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Yes, I agree with John's assessment of the situation, although CrunchyNumbers deleted it with the edit summary that it was spam, it turns out that his argument is actually that it is not a reliable source, which is, of course, paramount since it's being used as a citation. (I think there's no really good argument that it's spam, so it could be used as an EL. CrunchyNumbers should be more careful about making his edit summaries accurate.) Ed Fitzgerald t / c 20:54, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Incidentally, the link in question is not the one highlighted above, which is the site's home page, but http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/pkdick.htm. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 20:57, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * The author of the essay is Petri Liukkonen:"Who is Petri Liukkonen? abstract: You may not have realized that the website you visit frequently for concise biographical information on world authors is coming from an obscure Finnish library near the Russian border! Meet Petri Liukkonen, Director of The Kuusankoski Library, Finland. article: April 29, 2008 — When doing research for an article on a particular author I discovered a website that you all probably know about and refer to frequently—books and writers at www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ The troubling thing that day was the piece on the author I was researching had several typos and I wanted to notify the webmaster to notify the editor of the site. To my surprise a lovely, apologetic e-mail came back from Mr. Liukkonen thanking me for the corrections and describing—actually showing me—the Eastern Bloc-styled library where he has spent the past seven years working on an alphabetical calendar of author biographies, as he says, 'to escape the boring duties and responsibilities.' But anyone can see this is a labor of love. The site gets 69.44 million hits per year and 9.74 million unique visitors per year. Authors Calendar was awarded the Finnish Writers Association Prize in April on 'Book and Rose Day.' Since English is not Petri's native tongue he has managed to get some texts corrected by a native speaker who looks at the spelling and grammar. When I communicated with him today he said he was in the office on his day off, writing about the Korean poet Ko Un [you heard it here first]. Stay tuned for my barrage of questions on this life work of Petri's. ..."So, not a world-class authority, but also not a pajama-clad blogger either. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 21:05, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Also, not a "self-published" site - it's copyrighted by "Kuusankosken kaupunginkirjasto, Finland" which translates as "Kuusankosken City Library, Finland". It's sounding more and more like a reliable source. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 21:09, 10 June 2009 (UTC)
 * It seemed like spam to me since there were Amazon.com banners and there are so many pages with no explanation of the author's qualifications, experience, etc. A google search of "www.kirjasto.sci.fi" site:wikipedia.org turned up 348 articles. It could very well be many people independently linking to the pages on this site for different wikipedia articles but it seemed like spam to me since the links were consistently hidden as refs. My guess is they wouldn't last long as external links. Can't we just use what ever source is listed at the webpage? If no source is listed then why trust it? I still don't understand how this site would not be considered as self published just because it mentions a library. Is this a personal library? If it is a public library why is the website not at the main site of the library? Why has a library allowed him to place commercial banners on the site?-Crunchy Numbers (talk) 04:30, 11 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Many sites are Amazon associates, and the vast majority of reliable sources we accept (eg. every single commercially published newspaper or magazine) have advertisements on them. The essays on the page are original essays not copied from elsewhere, so we cannot hopscotch back a source, and they were used as refs because they were used as references. Sure, we should determine whether we want to accept this librarian's work as reliable or not, but that has nothing whatsoever to so with it having Amazon bugs on it, and your insistence on attacking it as spam is not only irrelevant, it's unhelpful to that determination. Please stop, there is no evidence at all that this is spam. Ed Fitzgerald t / c 04:53, 11 June 2009 (UTC)
 * Sometimes websites like this are useful, for example, librarian David Dodd's unique and professional Annotated Grateful Dead Lyric archive currently hosted at UC Santa Cruz. I would tend to see Petri Liukkonen's site like Dodd's, however Dodd did publish his work in 2005 (ISBN 0743277473) and I'm curious if Liukkonen has taken it to the next step.  I wouldn't be against using a link to Liukkonen's site in either a note or a further reading section, but the "poverty" statement needs to be sourced in the body, not just the lead (lead is a summary) and when we do that, we need to be using standard reliable sources per Crunchy Numbers. Viriditas (talk) 12:09, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

KSMO
KSMO is now a radio station in Missouri. Was it when PKD supposedly DJ'd there? Or were the call letters reassigned? brain (talk) 16:14, 11 June 2009 (UTC)
 * What'chu talkin' 'bout, Willis? KSMO was out of San Mateo, California from 1947-1952.  In typical Dick fashion, it is historically unclear if he was ever on the air. Viriditas (talk) 21:39, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

 * awesome, thanks, that is exactly the detail I was looking for. FYI: I was talking about KSMO Radio (see, it's in Missouri)  brain (talk) 05:39, 27 November 2009 (UTC)
 * I think PKD makes a reference to this in a letter to Herb Hollis (his boss) written on his (PKD's) 21st birthday. Presumably in the appropriate volume of Selected Letters. I'll try to look up just what he wrote. Considering the date of the letter and that it was addressed to someone who should have had direct personal knowledge about the letter I'd consider it reliable though I don't recall offhand how specific it was about KSMO. Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 11:18, 26 December 2009 (UTC)

PKD-related cfds
There are 2 current PKD-related cfds here and here. Occuli (talk) 14:52, 12 July 2009 (UTC)

Films, order of
I am changing the Films section to be in chronological order, using the dates given.

76.68.73.110 (talk) 03:45, 7 September 2009 (UTC)

"PKD"
"Although he never used it himself, Dick's fans and critics often refer to him familiarly as "PKD" (cf. Jorge Luis Borges' "JLB"), and use the comparative literary adjectives "Dickian" and "Phildickian" in describing his style and themes (cf. Kafkaesque, Orwellian)."

Actually this is not true. He referred to himself as PKD in a 1978 Exegesis entry:

"My God, my life- which is to say my 2-74/3-74 experience-is exactly like the plot of any one of ten of my novels or stories. Even down to the fake memories & identity. I'm a protagonist from one of PKD's books." -- Philip K. Dick, 1978 Exegesis entry, quoted p.234 "Divine Invasions: A life of Philip K. Dick" by Lawrence Sutin.

I would edit the main page myself but I don't have the confidence to do it.

Graspee (talk) —Preceding undated comment added 14:15, 17 November 2009 (UTC).
 * Just FYI, it was discussed before here. Alastairward (talk) 15:34, 17 November 2009 (UTC)

 * He used it in occasionally in letters also though I don't know if he ever used it in speech. Perhaps "rarely" would be more appropriate than "never". Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 13:45, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

Dubious "paranoid" statement & general comment on Mental Health section
"In time Dick became paranoid" is an unreferenced, unverified, dubious and rather vague statement. Such a claim should indicate reference(s), whether diagnosed or other basis for claim, time period covered and other relevant information.

The whole section on Mental Health should have better and more comprehensive references IMO. His mental health is a controversial subject and references of varying degrees of credibility for various times in his life, unclear periods of his life or all of his life can be found. It's certainly a notable subject and the many conflicting claims plus the nontechnical and inconsistent use of terms increase the difficulty of addressing the subject well but if it's going to be addressed I believe we should aim for accuracy and quality with acknowledgement that a wide range of opinions exist based on a large amount of information, misinformation, incomplete knowledge and esentially baseless speculation. Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 13:37, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I agree with you. I can remember a reference to his possible theft of papers from himself in a TV documentary. But the preceeding comment regarding paranoia and the rest of the section should be more thoroughly cited. It's not a biography of a living person, but I don't see why we shouldn't hold it to the same standards. Alastairward (talk) 16:37, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

 * With possible exception of first paragraph, no paragraph is completely baseless but all have factual and other problems plus some might fit as well under a heading like Religious/Mystical Experiences or Events (or something) as under Mental Health. A big problem is that there are dozens of varying accounts about every subject. The living person biography standards seem too strict to me to apply elsewhere but best efforts for accuracy and quality seem particularly important to strive for in biographies among many other subjects. Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 07:13, 28 December 2009 (UTC)
 * I don't see the first paragraph in this section as relevant to "Mental Health". Also it's unreferenced and offhand I don't know a source that verifies either that it's true or that someone has said it is (which could require modification). Anyone care to offer opinions about whether this should be deleted, perhaps moved somewhere else (I've no idea where) or just left as is? Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 22:34, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

 * I guess you mean the 13 year old dream section? As it is uncited I think you can easily delete it altogether. Even with sources you are correct in that it does not belong in the "mental health" section at all. --Saddhiyama (talk) 22:51, 8 January 2010 (UTC)

 * One would think, given that he wrote a letter to the FBI claiming that Stanislaw Lem was a Soviet Committee rather than an actual person, as well as identifying a number of 'Marxists', that he did have mental health issues. Especially since this seems to be inconsistent with his political views. Having said that, he could well simply have been a little stupid. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 202.171.190.97 (talk) 02:06, 20 August 2012 (UTC)

Crazy and stupid are two different things. Looking through his Exegesis and interviews, he was far from stupid, but certainly crazy (though a fairly manageable kind despite it involving a lot of drugs). Ian.thomson (talk) 02:14, 20 August 2012 (UTC)

Pen Names
PKD had only one story published under a psuedonym. "Some Kinds Of Life" in Fantastic Universe, October, 1953 was published as by Richard Phillipps apparently because "Planet For Transients" was published in the same issue under his own name.

I intend to correct the misinformation in this section but don't want to just delete the other information which seems appropriate and interesting but misplaced and a bit inaccurate. What should be done to preserve it properly? Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 15:59, 27 December 2009 (UTC)
 * It all sounds dubious and none of it is cited. We might tag or scrub it all without cites. Alastairward (talk) 16:39, 27 December 2009 (UTC)

 * "Orpheus With Clay Feet" as by Jack Dowland does seem to be correct. I've found an apparently reliable cite for it and have read the "revised" 1988 edition of PKD: A Philip K. Dick Bibliography's revision consists of 4 "small but important" corrections to the 1981 edition I have. This would seem to be one of them; the 1981 edition doesn't even cite the story and I now seem to have a vague recollection of reading something about the story being published under a psuedonym because it appeared in a "men's magazine" which seems a strange market for a story with this plot. I can look into it more. I can also hunt around to see if I have a copy of Fantastic Universe, October, 1953 or some third source to verify the spelling "Phillipps" is correct. The two sources I've looked at have a potential for repetition of a mistake in the earlier source. So I should be able to provide cites for those two pen names with one use each when I get a little more free time.
 * But there's no statement even in the article that Dick ever published anything under the names "Horselover Fat" or "PKD" so I see no problem with deleting those references and don't need to dig out references or search the net for them to do so. If someone has verifiable evidence for use of either as a pen name they can add the info with citations. Technically, he did publish something under a pen name or names in a school newspaper or something of the sort as a child but I don't see that as notable. Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 06:28, 28 December 2009 (UTC)

 * ISFDB lists variants "Philip Dick" without the middle initial and
 * Richard Phillipps for "Some Kinds of Life" (1953)
 * Chipdip K. Kill for "Dick's own self-penned review of The Divine Invasion", whose editor believed it may be his last written work for publication (1992).
 * I revised 'p' to pp where the article previously used both. "Chipdip K. Kill" does not appear. If/when there is some change please edit both templates infobox writer and persondata.
 * --P64 (talk) 14:54, 22 March 2013 (UTC)

they killed him
Why did they pull the plug after just 5 days? Don't they usually give patients a few years before doing so?--Kevin1gamer 03:00, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I'm not sure if this will help you, but check out the documentary National Geographic: Moment of Death (2008). It explores the question you asked in several ways. Viriditas (talk) 01:47, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

fansite
His "official" fansite is reported as an attack site by Firefox. See: --Kevin1gamer 03:00, 12 January 2010 (UTC)

 * There should be a mention of this.--Kevin1gamer 12:37, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I noticed that too. It wasn't always like that, I'm not sure how to proceed, scrub the external link? Alastairward (talk) 17:07, 12 January 2010 (UTC)
 * I've just done checks with multiple search engines using this browser (new upgrade of Firefox). It's unclear to me if the site is currently infected. The Google warning is based on a most recent site visit of 01/01/10. The McAffee info for the site makes me wonder why there is no warning/rating on the Yahoo search page unless it just doesn't give warnings until you click a link. The AV software add-on in my browser shows it as safe though I think I have to click on the link to trigger the "realtime" protection which I'm hesitant to do so soon after a browser upgrade. Perhaps some warning on the article page by the link that it has been infected, may still be and a suggestion about using security software before going there? Maybe with an internal link to a relevant article about such software and search engine security warnings. If the link is going to be deleted I don't think that should be permanent. The site has a lot of content and isn't "official" or "one voice" in the sense the nearly barren site with it's former domain name is unless there's been a major change. Oddly, I've not looked at the Wickipedia article about it so don't know what that says but my impression is the old content is still there but new content's not being actively added to the site anymore except in discussion forums. Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 00:35, 14 January 2010 (UTC)

Personal life section. citation question
I just made some dates more specific, corrected an error (typo?) and added a child's middle name. My source was Williams, Paul, (1986), Only Apparently Real: The World of Philip K. Dick New York: Arbor House Publishing Company, pp. 5-11, ISBN 0-87795-800-9. None of the existing data is cited and includes a couple more specific dates than my source. All looks correct but I'm not sure sure how/where to cite. I could probably use this ref at beginning or end of marriage and children section but don't know if that's appropriate since there are a couple bits my source is consistent with but doesn't state. I'm also reluctant to do that type of citation in case another editor doesn't leave the section intact and inserts other information... Oh, I can make it a subsection of "Marriages and children" so other info doesn't get inserted chronologically in it. But the citation question remains. Advice? Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 07:52, 23 January 2010 (UTC)

44 published novels as of January 2010
I don't know how variant versions were considered to arrive at that exact number and am relying on Williams' judgement but the novels currently shown below his statement by the website aren't in chronological order of publication. Lies, Inc. was 1980s or early 90s at latest and a very expanded version of The Unteleported Man (which Lies, Inc. is a variant of) was published around the same time and I didn't see it on the website at all. The bibliography section here at Wikipedia has that all sorted out, I hope. Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 04:33, 28 January 2010 (UTC)
 * Pretty amazing for a guy whom the academic and literary establishment tried to ignore. Par for the course, I say. Viriditas (talk) 01:46, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

ATTN TenPoundHammer, that wasn't trivia you deleted
I wonder if you know as little about this subject matter as I do about country music. :) The "trivia" you deleted included a novel by a major SF author which featured Dick as the protagonist in an alternate world. A short story by another major SF author which featured Dick as main character (it's also in a collection of such stories which wasn't mentioned in the article), a performance (later published) by another major SF author who is additionally the author of a pioneering non-fiction work about the history of SF and I forget what else.

Please give more thought before you pull the trigger. If you don't recognize what you're aiming at, it's probably better to hold your fire. In the process of restoring most of what you deleted I think I missed restoring some footnotes and probably still have that {{web site ... template messed up as I don't use it and don't know how it ought to be. If I'd forseen the hassle this would be I'd have just reverted your edit but I thought I saw why you got rid of some things and didn't want to restore them if they didn't belong there. Refrigerator Heaven (talk) 15:08, 4 March 2010 (UTC)

Father
Dick's father's job is tagged for needing citation. Here are some resources for those who are interested in addressing the tag: Hope that helps. -Miskaton (talk) 15:46, 3 June 2010 (UTC)
 * "Edgar Dick was transferred out of California by the Department of Agriculture"
 * "His job involved rooting out fraud in a federal price-support program that paid farmers to reduce their herds"
 * Thanks, I've used the first, I'll use the second when I find my copy of that book and locate the cite within. WikiuserNI (talk) 18:59, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

Contemporary philosophy citations
The section "Contemporary philosophy" indicates that citations are needed. Some book links that might help (linking to pages with specific quotations of use): Hope that helps. -Miskaton (talk) 15:55, 3 June 2010 (UTC)
 * The Matrix in theory By Myriam Díaz-Diocaretz, Stefan Herbrechter
 * |+Fredric+Jameson+|+Slavoj+%C5%BDi%C5%BEek%29+philip+k+dick&hl=en&ei=Zs8HTOWsIIP88AaoheSoAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=7&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=dick&f=false Archaeologies of the future: the desire called utopia and other science fictions By Fredric Jameson
 * Thanks again, I've used the first at least. WikiuserNI (talk) 18:59, 3 June 2010 (UTC)

Neither "Mysticism" nor "Mental health" are acceptable
"Mysticism" promises that the section will discuss his theology, but it stays out of it; "Mental health" promises medical history, but only talks about stuff he thinks might have happened to him. Are those beliefs unusual? Yes. But he was released as sane from a mental institution when they figured he wasn't gonna try to kill himself again, the head doctor knowing full well he had unusual beliefs about the world because he figured if those beliefs allowed Dick to deal with the world and weren't gonna interfere with his life, it's not crazy. I've gone with "Unusual experiances," and also suggested "2-3-74." A friend has suggested "Later life." If I actually owned this article, I'd just put "Weird shit, man." Does anyone have any other ideas? Ian.thomson (talk) 01:50, 24 July 2010 (UTC)

C G Jung
There is a long section under "Themes" about Carl Jung and how PKD was heavily influenced by him. It's obvious that that section is written by a total Jung-head ... but is it true? I can't recall ever reading about a major Jungian influence. Sprinkling a few more fact checks there. JöG (talk) 22:02, 23 August 2010 (UTC)

Electric Shepherd
A little in-joke: his Estate has a media production arm called "Electric Shepherd Productions". On the credits of The Adjustment Bureau, for instance. JFW | T@lk  10:55, 7 March 2011 (UTC)

Personal Philosophy
Under the Personal section, "Dick studied Philosophy at the University of California, Berkley, where he came to several realizations that became key in his future works..." The UC transcript shows that Dick was enrolled from September, 1949, until November, 1949, and Ann Dick states that Dick only attended for "part of a month" because his claustrophobia prevented him from staying in class (Ann Dick, "The Search for Phillip K. Dick, p. 244). Could Dick have been exaggerating? The apparently real theme in his works, while in itself a literary novelty, is not actually beyond what Dick could've read himself or heard in Berkeley. Despite Dick's short stay at the UC, he still liked to associate with students (Dick's anxieties never prevented him from dating attractive graduate and coed students).  Anne Dick also wrote that her ex-husband was capable of creating personal fictional narratives when it suited him (p. 244). So, is there any third party verification from a classmate or instructor that Dick attended philosophy class and achieved his own epiphany?Ericleiston (talk) 19:01, 2 November 2011 (UTC)E.L. Nov. 2, 2011

 * Why don't you ask at the University of California? That's the most logical and obvious place to get such information. What do you mean "third party"? Sources outside UC? It is exceptionally hard to see the point of your question. Also, his first name is spelt with one L, not two, and your open quotation marks need to be closed. Arbo (talk) 14:17, 11 September 2019 (UTC)

 * The above comment is rather strange. All it takes is a few days of reading new material and in an environment conducive to thought on such matters, and epiphanies can flow like teardrops in the rain. Not quite sure what the above commenter is trying to force upon us? 178.255.168.77 (talk) 23:54, 9 July 2017 (UTC)
 * Agree. This user is asking a question so tangential and beside the point and misleading it beggars belief why it is being asked. Very simply --- YES! PKD attended the University of California briefly. Okay? That's all you need to know. It actually happened. Arbo (talk) 14:17, 11 September 2019 (UTC)

 * Not strange at all - he asked a concise question.50.111.22.49 (talk) 21:27, 9 September 2019 (UTC)
 * Nope. If that's what you call a concise question, Special Contributions troll. Piss off, stupid troll.Arbo (talk) 14:17, 11 September 2019 (UTC)
 * , Please be aware of when you are responding to 8 year old comments, they are usually questions that have long been answered and other editors don't need these topics dredged back up on their watchlists. It's one thing if a fly-by IP necromances an old thread, but a long-time editor shouldn't need to. Also, if you think they are trolls, do you really think saying "Piss off, stupid troll." is the way to get them to stop? Maybe ignoring pointless conversations wherein one IP says a comment from two years ago is wrong about the strangeness of a comment from six years prior to that? Thanks! JesseRafe (talk) 14:28, 11 September 2019 (UTC)
 * I am well aware of when the posts were made. I don't care how old they are. I have eyes, and I can read and ratiocinate. Until now these comments have not been properly answered. And don't tell me what to do or how to edit this thing. Telling the troll to piss off is effectively feeding the troll. You know, (or perhaps you're not aware), there are professional troll hunters who thrive on flushing trolls out by making them post, in order to get a fix on them.
 * "Maybe ignoring pointless conversations wherein one IP says a comment from two years ago is wrong about the strangeness of a comment from six years prior to that? Thanks!"
 * You don't tell me what to do.
 * "other editors don't need these topics dredged back up on their watchlists" oh dear, how terrible. If you take it so badly like that, wow, get a life. Arbo (talk) 14:41, 11 September 2019 (UTC)

His sister died 53 years earlier?
"After his death, Dick's father Joseph took his son's ashes to Fort Morgan, Colorado where they were buried next to his twin sister Jane, whose tombstone had been inscribed with both their names when she died 53 years earlier."

Huh? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 76.19.136.12 (talk) 00:18, 27 November 2011 (UTC)

 * His twin sister Jane died 53 years earlier at the age of six weeks. She was buried in Fort Morgan. The tombstone over her grave was inscribed with her name and a pair of dates, as well as PKD's name with only one date. PKD's father took PKD's ashes to Jane's gravesite, and added the second date to that half of the tombstone.
 * Is one of the antecedents unclear, or what? FiveColourMap (talk) 00:02, 28 November 2011 (UTC)

I understand now. How sad! ♥ --76.19.136.12 (talk) 15:53, 30 November 2011 (UTC) ************************************* This article states that Philip K. Dick's twin sister died six weeks after they were born. The article on twinless twins states that she died five weeks after they were born. Both articles use the same reference (although this article also refers to another reference). Could someone who has access to those references figure out which is correct?

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twinless_twin

"Philip K. Dick, American science fiction author whose twin sister, Jane, died when the twins were five weeks old. The loss of his twin is said to have profoundly affected his writing." — Preceding unsigned comment added by 98.14.15.215 (talk) 20:38, 20 August 2017 (UTC)

Didn't leave the house for years
According to the BBC's "Great Lives" episode about Dick, he didn't leave his house for years at one point in his life. This is probably worth including. Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b017wyyc 75.70.204.208 (talk) 01:37, 10 December 2011 (UTC)
 * It's a bit more complicated than that, but yes, it should be discussed. His car had 600 miles on it when he died. Viriditas (talk) 01:39, 10 December 2011 (UTC)

added links to philipkdickfans site
I have added some links to content that appears on the official fan site for Philip K. Dick (that has be recognized by the Philip K. Dick Estate and is linked to from philipkdick.com). There is a complicated history for this site and I realize at one point it has been taken over by malware. The site has changed hands two times and the malware no longer exists on the site. The site was rebuilt from scratch, is stable and will be around for a long time.

The site now contains all the articles that the original site had with some exceptions and can be safely linked to. In addition the site has a vast section that is a reference for all the works that Philip K. Dick wrote called PKDweb or The Encyclopedia Dickiana and contains VALBS which is a reference for secondary materials published about Philip K. Dick. VALBS exist elsewhere on the Internet but this is the official copy of the information.

I would like to add links to each of Philip K. Dick's works with appropriate links from philipkdickfans.com including novel and short story pages. When I have recently made these changes, they were removed. This issue may have been that it appeared I was spamming the site because I was making several edits to several pages in one evening. I believe that the edits I would like to make fall within the External Linking Guidelines that I have read.

Horselover Fat (talk) 06:52, 26 March 2012 (UTC)

I would like to add these links on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_K._Dick to the site as External links:

http ://www.philipkdickfans.com/

http ://www.philipkdickfans.com/pkdweb/ An encyclopedia of all of Philip K. Dick's writing

http ://www.philipkdickfans.com/pkdicktionary/ A listing of all of the words that Philip K. Dick created in his writing

The discussion has been going on here

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Noticeboard#adding_links_to_philipkdickfans_site

but it seems like from the comments there that the discussion should be moved to this page. Horselover Fat (talk) 01:14, 1 April 2012 (UTC)

 * Three links to a single site (any site) is excessive. Also, just as a point of information for anyone new to the discussion, the user who is suggesting this addition seems to be the developer of the site, so it would be a conflict of interest for him to (personally) add links to this site to the Wikipedia. (His suggestion that they be added is appropriate, of course.) Rray (talk) 02:08, 1 April 2012 (UTC)

 * What is happening now with this? Do I just wait until someone adds the links and then the discussion will continue?  I understand that I can't add the links myself. Horselover Fat (talk) 20:18, 2 April 2012 (UTC)

 * What's happening now is that if someone is interested and wants to add the link, they will. Or if they're interested in discussing it, they'll chime in here on the talk page. Rray (talk) 21:12, 2 April 2012 (UTC)

I have removed it again. It was inserted by a an editor whose only edits appear to be spamming that link. Very troubling. -- The Red Pen of Doom  17:52, 13 April 2012 (UTC)

 * If the issue is number of links being added by the user, then I don't believe an appropriate response is to delete the link to the site's homepage on http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_K._Dick along with deleting the Festival link. Remove the links that are causing the issue on the other pages? from what I understand here. Horselover Fat (talk) 05:29, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
 * the issue is spamming. we do NOT have to include "the official" link particularly if the owner of that site and meatpuppet accounts are spamming that link across wikipedia. -- The Red Pen of Doom  07:26, 19 April 2012 (UTC)

Moving Bibliography and works External links section to Bibliography page?
I just noticed that the Bibliography was moved to another page but the External links section called Bibliography and works didn't move with it. Should that have moved also? I think it should but I can't imagine if it would cause an uproar or not. Horselover Fat (talk) 02:56, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

 * I think it's a good idea and I just moved them over. I believe those links should have moved with the Bibliography and it helps cut down on the number of External links on this page. Lucy8297 (talk) 03:21, 3 April 2012 (UTC)

religion?
This site: http://www.adherents.com/people/pd/Philip_K_Dick.html cites PKD as saying "I am an Episcopalian". Does anyone have more information? --Richardson mcphillips (talk) 02:20, 14 February 2014 (UTC)

Mental Health Issues
The section titled mental health issues doesn't really delve into his actual mental health issues. Nothing about his extreme anxiety and paranoia, his attempted suicide, etc. It also treats his delusional episodes with a tinge of credulity. Capeo (talk) 19:55, 9 April 2014 (UTC)
 * It doesn't entirely resolve your concerns, but I've added a new section detailing the events of 1971-2. 86.28.151.70 (talk) 15:55, 26 June 2015 (UTC)

Influences/influenced
Infobox writer no longer supports the fields influences and influenced. Its template documentation now instructs (twice): "No longer supported. Please move cited/citable instances into prose." In this biography the two lists were unusually long and several items were supported by references (none used elsewhere on the page).

Here are the current parameter values (cut and paste except bullet points):

 * | influences  = Heidegger, Flaubert, A. E. van Vogt, James Joyce, Balzac, Kant, Marcel Proust, Carl Jung, Samuel Beckett, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, John Sladek, Nathanael West, Jorge Luis Borges, Jack Spicer, Herbert George Wells

 * | influenced  = Terry Gilliam, Jean Baudrillard, Slavoj Žižek, Grant Morrison, David Cronenberg, Richard Linklater, Ursula K. Le Guin, The Wachowskis, Jonathan Lethem, Fredric Jameson, Roberto Bolaño, Rodrigo Fresán, Charlie Kaufman, El-P, Neal Stephenson, Haruki Murakami, Tim Powers, Satoshi Kon, Joss Whedon

See Talk: Ray Bradbury for some more explanation with cross-references.

--P64 (talk) 21:14, 15 August 2014 (UTC)

I removed the speculative "influences" that are based on article without any evidence or proof. Using the same reasoning, one could connect anything to have been influenced. Suggest to stick to the facts - just what theauthor said himself, or the other authors explicetly stated that they were influenced by him. Andru nl (talk) 18:47, 11 November 2017 (UTC)

Date of Vulcan's Hammer printing.
In the dropdown panel for "Works of Philip K. Dick" Wasn't sure if there is an actual name for these sections of the part.

Vulcan's Hammer is listed as 1953. This surely is a mistake.

see: http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?9606 for the novel

and for the earlier novella, which was 1956. http://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?80306

not sure where the 1953 is coming from.

Thanks. DeepFreezing (talk) 04:52, 20 October 2014 (UTC)

"Non-notable"
How is it "non-notable" that entire fiction novels about PKD exist and can be sourced to be in direct reference to Dick and his works? Even though I don't know whether any English translation exists, I'd call the German novel just as notable as Bishop's that's already on the list. The protagonist may have a different name to avoid lawsuits by Dick's estate, but the case is very similar to the film Velvet Goldmine (1998) that's really about David Bowie and what part he played within the glam rock movement, even if David Bowie's name is never mentioned in the film. --2003:71:4E07:BB44:5DB9:6E6A:B4D1:170 (talk) 17:09, 6 December 2017 (UTC)

 * What in any of the above is relevant to the notability of the work or the author? JesseRafe (talk) 17:24, 6 December 2017 (UTC)
 * That these novels are explicitly-related to PKD exist, that is what is notable. Is your brain switched on? Are you paying attention to what you read? These works are notable to PKD. Arbo (talk) 14:27, 11 September 2019 (UTC)

File:Philip k dick drawing.jpg
c:Commons:Deletion requests/File:Philip k dick drawing.jpg. 2A02:2168:A00:44CB:0:0:0:1 (talk) 14:08, 20 October 2019 (UTC)

I Ching. Classical music
The Carrère book mentions I Ching and classical music several times along his life. Are they relevant for the article? --Error (talk) 08:33, 27 May 2020 (UTC)
 * Error, yes, absolutely. Dick had a love of classical music and he worked as a DJ at one point.  I also believe classical music is featured throughout his books and stories, as is the I Ching. Viriditas (talk) 23:48, 17 August 2020 (UTC)

21? Bad mathematics!
Dick was born at the end of 1928. So how could he begin publishing science fiction stories in 1951, at the age of 21, as the article claims? :-// 89.204.137.5 (talk) 15:09, 16 August 2020 (UTC)
 * Fixed. The article is full of misquotes, misinformation, errors both deliberate and unintentional, and old vestiges of vandalism. I tried to fix it and bring it up to GA standards many years ago, but an old, persistent troll ran me off the page due his ignorant understanding of the topic, and as such, I've never returned except to help fix errors here and there.  I'm afraid this page will always be nothing more than a vandalism magnet until editors are allowed to do the necessary work and lock it down to a good version. Viriditas (talk) 23:22, 16 August 2020 (UTC)

Philip K. Dick, at home

 * Gary Panter
 * Claude Bessy (writer)
 * ... 0mtwb9gd5wx (talk) 00:47, 23 September 2021 (UTC)

spoiler!
the ending of Ubik is spoiled, very casually, in the "Themes" section of this article. Thanks a lot. 2600:1700:F92:1470:907C:AB70:3672:4D6A (talk) 05:22, 6 January 2022 (UTC)

College education
As it currently stands, the article states that Dick did not declare a major while in college. The following article, from Commonweal states that Dick majored in German:

"He lived with his mother until he matriculated at UC Berkeley for a short time, majoring in German. He was fascinated by German culture."

Can anyone confirm which claim is true? Ageofultron (talk) 23:46, 11 January 2023 (UTC)

Music adds
Heldon - Third "It's Always Rock'n'Roll" 1975 LP has a track called Dr Bloodmoney which is dedicated to PKD

Bunnydrums - Feather's Web 1983 12" EP is dedicated to the memory of PKD 51.6.240.143 (talk) 13:38, 18 June 2023 (UTC)

Can we remove generalisations about Dick's politics?
"Dick's politics were generally socially conservative, while his economic views varied with time" is completely unsourced. I can't seem to find a source proving Dick was consistently socially conservative.

Would the entire "Politics" section be better off without this unproven opening sentence and better left as just the remaining paragraphs explaining his specific political beliefs and actions? 2A00:23C4:FB1B:6401:D0C5:5027:20A8:3AA5 (talk) 16:34, 11 August 2023 (UTC)

title: Talk:Philip K. Dick


text:
Werra

The Werra, a river in central Germany, is the right-bank headwater of the Weser. "Weser" is a synonym in an old dialect of German. The Werra has its source near Eisfeld in southern Thuringia. After 293 km the Werra joins the river Fulda in the town of Hann. Münden, forming the Weser. If the Werra is included as part of the Weser, the Weser is the longest river entirely within German territory at 744 km.

Its valley, the Werratal, has many tributaries and is a relative lull between the Rhön Mountains and the Thuringian Forest.

Its attractions include Eiben Forest near Dermbach, an unusual sandstone cave at Walldorf, the deepest lake in Germany formed by subsidence (near Bernshausen), and Krayenburg, the ruins of a castle.

Its towns and main settlements are Hildburghausen, Meiningen, Bad Salzungen, Tiefenort, Merkers-Kieselbach, Vacha, Heringen, Philippsthal, Gerstungen, Wanfried, Eschwege, Bad Sooden-Allendorf, Witzenhausen and Hannoversch Münden.

title: Werra


text:
Gain (electronics)

In electronics, gain is a measure of the ability of a two-port circuit (often an amplifier) to increase the power or amplitude of a signal from the input to the output port   by adding energy converted from some power supply to the signal. It is usually defined as the mean ratio of the signal amplitude or power at the output port to the amplitude or power at the input port. It is often expressed using the logarithmic decibel (dB) units ("dB gain"). A gain greater than one (greater than zero dB), that is, amplification, is the defining property of an active component or circuit, while a passive circuit will have a gain of less than one.

The term gain alone is ambiguous, and can refer to the ratio of output to input voltage (voltage gain), current (current gain) or electric power (power gain). In the field of audio and general purpose amplifiers, especially operational amplifiers, the term usually refers to voltage gain, but in radio frequency amplifiers it usually refers to power gain. Furthermore, the term gain is also applied in systems such as sensors where the input and output have different units; in such cases the gain units must be specified, as in "5 microvolts per photon" for the responsivity of a photosensor. The "gain" of a bipolar transistor normally refers to forward current transfer ratio, either hFE ("beta", the static ratio of Ic divided by Ib at some operating point), or sometimes hfe (the small-signal current gain, the slope of the graph of Ic against Ib at a point).

The gain of an electronic device or circuit generally varies with the frequency of the applied signal. Unless otherwise stated, the term refers to the gain for frequencies in the passband, the intended operating frequency range of the equipment. The term gain has a different meaning in antenna design; antenna gain is the ratio of radiation intensity from a directional antenna to $$P_\text{in}/4\pi$$ (mean radiation intensity from a lossless antenna).

Power gain
Power gain, in decibels (dB), is defined as follows:

 * $$\text{gain-db}=10 \log_{10} \left(\frac{P_\text{out}}{P_\text{in}}\right)~\text{dB},$$

where $$P_\text{in}$$ is the power applied to the input, $$P_\text{out}$$ is the power from the output.

A similar calculation can be done using a natural logarithm instead of a decimal logarithm, resulting in nepers instead of decibels:

 * $$\text{gain-np} = \frac{1}{2} \ln\left(\frac{P_\text{out}}{P_\text{in}}\right)~\text{Np}.$$

Voltage gain
The power gain can be calculated using voltage instead of power using Joule's first law $$P = V^2/R$$; the formula is:

 * $$\text{gain-db} = 10 \log{\frac{\frac{V_\text{out}^2}{R_\text{out}}}{\frac{V_\text{in}^2}{R_\text{in}}}}~\mathrm{dB}.$$

In many cases, the input impedance $$R_\text{in}$$ and output impedance $$R_\text{out}$$ are equal, so the above equation can be simplified to:

 * $$\text{gain-db} = 10 \log \left(\frac{V_\text{out}}{V_\text{in}}\right)^2~\text{dB},$$

 * $$\text{gain-db} = 20 \log \left(\frac{V_\text{out}}{V_\text{in}}\right)~\text{dB}.$$

This simplified formula, the 20 log rule, is used to calculate a voltage gain in decibels and is equivalent to a power gain if and only if the impedances at input and output are equal.

Current gain
In the same way, when power gain is calculated using current instead of power, making the substitution $$P = I^2 R$$, the formula is:

 * $$\text{gain-db} = 10 \log{\left(\frac{I_\text{out}^2 R_\text{out}}{I_\text{in}^2 R_\text{in}}\right)}~\text{dB}.$$

In many cases, the input and output impedances are equal, so the above equation can be simplified to:

 * $$\text{gain-db} = 10 \log \left(\frac{I_\text{out}}{I_\text{in}}\right)^2~\text{dB},$$

 * $$\text{gain-db} = 20 \log \left(\frac{I_\text{out}}{I_\text{in}}\right)~\text{dB}.$$

This simplified formula is used to calculate a current gain in decibels and is equivalent to the power gain if and only if the impedances at input and output are equal.

The "current gain" of a bipolar transistor, $$h_\text{FE}$$ or $$h_\text{fe}$$, is normally given as a dimensionless number, the ratio of $$I_\text{c}$$ to $$I_\text{b}$$ (or slope of the $$I_\text{c}$$-versus-$$I_\text{b}$$ graph, for $$h_\text{fe}$$).

In the cases above, gain will be a dimensionless quantity, as it is the ratio of like units (decibels are not used as units, but rather as a method of indicating a logarithmic relationship). In the bipolar transistor example, it is the ratio of the output current to the input current, both measured in amperes. In the case of other devices, the gain will have a value in SI units. Such is the case with the operational transconductance amplifier, which has an open-loop gain (transconductance) in siemens (mhos), because the gain is a ratio of the output current to the input voltage.

Example
Q. An amplifier has an input impedance of 50 ohms and drives a load of 50 ohms. When its input ($$V_\text{in}$$) is 1 volt, its output ($$V_\text{out}$$) is 10 volts. What is its voltage and power gain?

A. Voltage gain is simply:

 * $$\text{gain} = \frac{V_\text{out}}{V_\text{in}} = \frac{10}{1} = 10~\text{V/V}.$$

The units V/V are optional but make it clear that this figure is a voltage gain and not a power gain. Using the expression for power, P = V2/R, the power gain is:

 * $$\text{gain} = \frac{V_\text{out}^2/50}{V_\text{in}^2/50} = \frac{V_\text{out}^2}{V_\text{in}^2} = \frac{10^2}{1^2} = 100~\text{W/W}.$$

Again, the units W/W are optional. Power gain is more usually expressed in decibels, thus:

 * $$\text{gain-db} = G_\text{dB} = 10 \log G_\text{W/W} = 10 \log 100 = 10 \times 2 = 20~\text{dB}.$$

Unity gain
A gain of factor 1 (equivalent to 0 dB) where both input and output are at the same voltage level and impedance is also known as unity gain.

title: Gain (electronics)


text:
Loss

Loss may refer to:

 * Economic loss
 * Grief, an emotional response to loss
 * Animal loss, grief over the loss of an animal

Mathematics, science, and technology

 * Angular misalignment loss, power loss caused by the deviation from optimum angular alignment
 * Bridging loss, the loss that results when an impedance is connected across a transmission line
 * Coupling loss, the loss that occurs when energy is transferred from one circuit, optical device, or medium to another
 * Insertion loss, the decrease in transmitted signal power resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line or optical fiber
 * Dielectric loss, a dielectric material's inherent dissipation of electromagnetic energy
 * Loss function, in statistics, a function representing the cost associated with an event
 * Path loss, the attenuation undergone by an electromagnetic wave in transit from a transmitter to a receiver
 * Free-space path loss, the loss in signal strength that would result if all influences were sufficiently removed having no effect on its propagation
 * Return loss, the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the amplitude of the incident wave
 * Round-trip loss in laser physics refers to energy lost due to scattering or absorption
 * Switching loss, power loss incured due to circuit switching
 * Lick Observatory Supernova Search (LOSS) program

Albums

 * Loss (Bass Communion album) (2006)
 * Loss (Mull Historical Society album) (2001)

Songs

 * "Losses" (Lil Tjay song) (2020)
 * "Loss", a song by God Is an Astronaut from their self-titled album (2008)
 * "Loss", a song by Madder Mortem from Mercury (1999)
 * "Losses", a song by Drake from Dark Lane Demo Tapes (2020)
 * "Losses", a song by Polo G from Hall of Fame (2021)

Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media

 * "Loss" (comic), a webcomic strip and internet meme
 * Loss (film), a 2008 film by Maris Martinsons
 * Lord Loss (character), a character from Darren Shan's The Demonata
 * "The Loss", a 1990 episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation

Other uses

 * Joe Loss (1909–1990), founder of The Joe Loss Orchestra
 * Loss (baseball), a pitching statistic in baseball
 * League of Secessionist States (LoSS), an intermicronational organisation

title: Loss