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User talk:LA2

Do you run susning.nu? There's a drawing on cylinder that's located there. All images on Wikipedia should be uploaded to Wikipedia or hosted on the submitted server. --PierreAbbat

Since you changed the stats for the fr:wiki, I was curious...How do you know all the stats ?

The only place to see all the stats history I know is Multilingual coordination (and of course, each wiki for the current day). There is *no* date on the 18th of november. Do you run stats yourself ? Did you notice the number you put for the fr:wiki on the 18th of november is the number which is here on the 10th of november ? How do you explain the difference ?

I think you made a typo bug for the number for the es.wiki, for they have not even reached the 18th of nov value yet. Or, are you really not doing similar stats ?

Are these 18th your personal stats ? (then, why this difference ?) Or just rough approximations for you want a common date for all wikis estimates for better comparison ? (but then why do you take care of removing the accurate value I provided ?)

Article Licensing
Hi, I've started a drive to get users to multi-license all of their contributions that they've made to either (1) all U.S. state, county, and city articles or (2) all articles, using the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike (CC-by-sa) v1.0 and v2.0 Licenses or into the public domain if they prefer. The CC-by-sa license is a true free documentation license that is similar to Wikipedia's license, the GFDL, but it allows other projects, such as WikiTravel, to use our articles. Since you are among the top 1000 Wikipedians by edits, I was wondering if you would be willing to multi-license all of your contributions or at minimum those on the geographic articles. Over 90% of people asked have agreed. For More Information:
 * Multi-Licensing FAQ - Lots of questions answered
 * Multi-Licensing Guide
 * Free the Rambot Articles Project

To allow us to track those users who muli-license their contributions, many users copy and paste the " " template into their user page, but there are other options at Template messages/User namespace. The following examples could also copied and pasted into your user page:

 * Option 1
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions, with the exception of my user pages, as described below:

OR
 * Option 2
 * I agree to multi-license all my contributions to any U.S. state, county, or city article as described below:

Or if you wanted to place your work into the public domain, you could replace " " with "  ". If you only prefer using the GFDL, I would like to know that too. Please let me know what you think at my talk page. It's important to know either way so no one keeps asking. -- Ram-Man (comment| talk)

Sven Lidman
I have already broken out the three SLs into separate articles, crediting you in the edit summaries. I couldn't see any reason not to, but several reasons to do so. I will turn the Sven Lidman page into a disambiguation page. / up◦land 08:31, 23 Jan 2005 (UTC)

 * Thanks. I agree that this is the reasonable thing to do now. I first thought the texts would be shorter than they are now. I wish we could find some free pictures of these persons. --LA2 08:33, 2005 Jan 23 (UTC)

Image:Riddarfjarden.jpg
Hi LA2, or Lars or Mr. Aronsson , which ever you prefer.

The image in the header has been marked as copyrighted as stemming from your site aronsson.se. Would you mind releasing it under a free license? Also see Image:Riddarfjarden2.jpg

--Fred-Chess 00:33, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)

 * I suggest you remove that image, and instead use the full scale version from the Wikimedia Commons, image:la2-riddarfjarden.jpg. --LA2 July 1, 2005 11:44 (UTC)

Pieni tietosanakirja
Hello Lars

You noted on your Finnish User page the debate about Pieni in Kahvihuone. I've summarized the debate in English to your Finnish Talk page. Your comments are of course welcome. And congratulations to the Swedish Wikipedia for 100k articles. :) --Hamilkar 08:58, 30 August 2005 (UTC) (User:Hasdrubal @ Finnish Wikipedia)

Illegal images
please don't upload any more images under copyright onto the Dutch wikipedia. A warning has been issued on Your behalf. --Bthv 02:49, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

 * As I just answered on the Dutch Wikipedia, the Demis map images are free from copyright. Also, I did not "upload" them to the Dutch Wikipedia, but to Wikimedia Commons, and that is where the discussion should take place. --LA2 04:28, 31 August 2005 (UTC)

History of the Bahamas
I know this is quite a bit late, but could you explain the creation of History of the Bahamas. I would have guessed it is copied from the public domain CIA World Factbook, but that does not seem to be the case. Superm401 | Talk 03:56, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

 * Back in the spring of 2002, when Wikipedia was little more than one year old, there was no "move" tab in Wikipedia. If you wanted to rename an article, you had to copy-and-paste the text to the new article, and make a redirect of the old one. This would lose track of the article's history, but not much history was preserved in the first year anyway. We had just switched from UseModWiki 0.92 to Magnus Manske's new (phase I) software written in PHP and there was a discussion about abolishing subpages. At this time we were busy to rename Bahamas/History to History of the Bahamas for a large number of countries and subpages. It is fair to assume the text was copied from the CIA World Factbook, as that was the common practice at the time for filling Wikipedia with skeleton articles about countries, but Koyaanis Qatsi should be able to answer that. --LA2 15:02, 20 December 2005 (UTC)

Project: www. biolib.de
Ich hoffe du verstehst deutsch: Es geht um 70.000 Bilder aus alten Biologiebüchern. Alles weitere unter: http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal_Diskussion:Lebewesen#Angebot_von_www.biolib.de Wir überlegen noch die technische Umsetzbarkeit und könnten deine Erfahrung gebrauchen. de:Benutzer:Kolossos 08:48, 6 February 2006 (UTC)

the name Project Runeberg
How do you feel about the name of the project, when talking English? Is the proper name "Projekt Runeberg" translated into "Project Runeberg" or should it remain with the original Swedish spelling projekt? // Habj 00:41, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

 * We translate the first part but keep the order, e.g. fi:Projekti Runeberg, en:Project Runeberg, fr:Projet Runeberg, no:Prosjekt Runeberg, de:Projekt Runeberg. --LA2 10:35, 14 May 2006 (UTC)

GPS terms in Swedish
A couple of Swedish-speakers are trying to translate all the messages in the mediawiki software, that will be defaults where Swedish interface is used. If you feel like it, you can take a look at the Swedish Special:Allmessages at the testwiki used. It was the GPS-related strings exif-gpsareainformation and exif-gpsdestbearingref that made me think of asking you, but of course any comments are welcome. // Habj 18:52, 20 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Både engelska och svenska termerna verkar skapade av amatörer som inte har en aning om vad GPS handlar om. Detta ormnäste ger jag mig inte in i. Allt måste göras om från grunden och det har jag varken tid eller lust med. --LA2 22:24, 21 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Hehe! // Habj 17:19, 22 May 2006 (UTC)
 * The English original terms, as I understand it, has something to do with exif.org. // Habj 17:26, 22 May 2006 (UTC)

 * So who are the people involved? I don't speak Finnish and I don't understand what this is doing on a wiki in Finnish, on a special page that cannot be edited. The English phrases seem to originate from an inofficial English translation of the EXIF 2.2 spec, written by some Japanese who don't speak English ("Translation without guarantee in the event of any doubt arising, the original standard in Japanese is to be evidence"). Using the entire document, it would be possible to find better (useful) English phrases, that could be used as a basis for translation. But nobody seems to have done that job. Who wrote the Swedish and German phrases? I see no version history, no user names. If anybody is interested in my contribution, they had better present themselves with name and a contact address. I once translated Usemodwiki into Swedish, as still used on susning.nu, and provided improvements to the worst mistakes in the Swedish translation of Mediawiki. --LA2 00:17, 23 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Sorry to be so late to respond, I haven't checked your page for some time. I had understood your message as "I am not interested".
 * I have no clue what happened to the exif-stuff, but most of the Swedish-language phrases have been greatly improved and are now included in the releases of MediaWiki software.I myself felt I had contributed all I can in the area some time ago when most of the Swedish texts were dealt with, so I am not updated on what has been happening there during the last months. Last time I spoke to NikeRabbit he said the test wiki was broken, I do not know if he has fixed it or not.
 * Those involved in the tweaking of the Swedish files were those who volunteered to help out. I was "picked up" in the IRC channels by User:Nikerabbit - Betawiki/Nukawiki is his test wiki, and it is mainly in Finnish because he is Finnish. He had been pestering me, Sannab and a couple of others about the context of a .php file displyed on Meta, where the Swedish version had not been updated for several years. Obviously, people who downloaded the MediaWiki software and intended to use it in Swedish noticed that lots of messages were in English, since people created local versions on the svwiki and svwikt but did not send the Swedish texts back to the "big repository" to be used in the MediaWiki software. Personally, I could not do much about that php file - it is for people who understand code. Nikerabbit realised it would probably be a lot easier to find people willing to do the work if he could move the languge file work to an environment where you do not need to understand code, and so he rearranged his wiki for this purpose. To edit MediaWiki files one needs admin rights, and so all the people who volunteered to help were given that. Sannab and me did most of it - some texts were never translated, others could be greatly improved although I am sure there are still improvements to make. It was a nice interface, easy to work in. I am not sure if it will be continuing or if this little project is "ended" now, since Betawiki is broken and many of the languages got a good overhaul.
 * Of course there has always been ways of fiddling with the language files in the MediaWiki software, ways that existed before Betawiki and will continue to do so. I have no clue if those ways have changed since you last looked at MediaWiki Swedish interface files. In case the field is of interest to you, I am sure you are capable of finding the places where this is done. I am not.
 * If my asking you caused you any unconvenience, then I apologize. / habj 15:07, 13 October 2006 (UTC)  minor tweaking habj 15:11, 13 October 2006 (UTC)

Re: Hymnography
On the Swedish Wikipedia, there is a quite impressive hymnography project going on, and some people have suggested to move it outside of Wikipedia.

 * Seems reasonable to me to move it outside of Wikipedia.

This is when I started to look at Wikia and found liedboek.wikia.com. It was started only recently?

 * Yes, about one month ago.

What was the background for taking this step?

 * I have always had an interest for English hymns (I know many of them). I was also aware that many of those hymns had been translated to Dutch. I have for a long time wanted to make a compendium on which song in English became which song in Dutch, and the best way to do that seems to be a wiki. Of course Hymnografie is about more than English songs translated into Dutch, but that was the initial idea; it has grown to be much broader than I anticipated at the start.

Are you aware of any other hymnography projects?

 * No, I'm not aware of any of those. I do know one English website (The Cyber Hymnal) that lists over 5700 English hymns (and some in a great variety of languages, including Swedish), the origins of those hymns, biographies of the people involved (composers, lyricists, translators, etc.) as well as the text to those hymns, midi's and scores; but that's not a community project.

Many hymns are translated between the European languages, so it could make sense to make an international hymnography project, or at least to establish cooperation and coordination between projects in each language.

 * I have thought about this too, but in my opinion it is best to wait with an international hymnography until MediaWiki supports multilingual content (i.e. one page, say Amazing Grace, could then be described in several languages, so that the end user would see the description in his language, if that is at all available, and otherwise in the default language, which would probably have to be English).
 * Cooperation/coordination seems fine, but I don't exactly know how.

Whizz 27 juni 2006 11:51 (UTC)

OpenStreetMap
Well, I don't have a GPS receiver, so I can't help much. And for that matter, I currently live in Saarbrücken, not in Poland. :-) Taw 23:41, 8 July 2006 (UTC)

 * You can help a lot if you can translate the article to Polish and push the idea to hackers in Poland. Have a look at my PDF map (1.3 MB). Do you work or study in Saarbrücken? Saarbrücken according to OSM. --LA2 00:34, 9 July 2006 (UTC)

OpenStreetMap images
Can you upload images from article to wiki-commons? Serguei. S. Dukachev 62.5.135.173 11:06, 11 July 2006 (UTC)
 * Thanks! :-) Serguei. S. Dukachev 83.237.59.127 19:44, 11 July 2006 (UTC)

openstreetmap in PL
Hello,

I'll translate openstreetmap info in a few weeks. Now I havn't time to do it. Malarz pl 18:11, 16 July 2006 (UTC)

Personal Telco up for deletion
Personal Telco is up for deletion. --Liface 17:11, 24 July 2006 (UTC)

Category:Surname pairs
FYI, I have nominated for CfD. - CrazyRussian talk/email 02:49, 4 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Since this category is going away, and arguments are strong against "listifying" (making a "list" page of it), here are the current links: category:Hewlett-Packard, Abbott and Costello, Agnelli & Nelson, Bang & Olufsen, Benevento/Russo Duo, Blohm + Voss, Boyce and Hart, Briggs & Stratton, Cagney & Lacey, Crosse & Blackwell, Dolce & Gabbana, Ernst & Young, Fischerspooner, Foster & Allen, Gilbert and Sullivan, Hall & Oates, Heckler & Koch, Hewlett-Packard, Holland & Holland, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (disambiguation), Johnson & Johnson, K&R, Laurel and Hardy, Lennon-McCartney, Lerner and Loewe, Loggins and Messina, McDonnell Douglas, Morecambe and Wise, Page and Plant, Pratt & Whitney, Procter & Gamble, Rodgers and Hammerstein, Rodgers and Hart, Rolls-Royce plc, Seals and Crofts, Simon and Garfunkel, Smith & Wesson, Starsky and Hutch, ThyssenKrupp, Van Kooten en de Bie. --LA2 09:43, 5 August 2006 (UTC)

WikiProject Literature
Since you post the message about interwiki links for literature, I was wondering if you would be interested in trying to start a literature wiki project. --chemica 07:18, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

 * Isn't that already covered by the WikiProject Books? --LA2 14:13, 15 August 2006 (UTC)

ISBN

 * Sorry, that was stupid of me. Rich Farmbrough, 21:00 7 September 2006 (GMT).

Rationale in PD-Ugglan?
Hello Lars, I'm trying to find out the rationale why exactly images from these books are regarded as being in the public domain. Can you help me out there? Thanks, Wikipeder 08:33, 22 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Why do I need to "help you out" here? Is somebody pressing you? I'm not sure exactly which images you are talking about, but I assume you mean illustrations from the 2nd edition of the Swedish encyclopedia Nordisk familjebok (38 volumes, 1904-1926). This entire encyclopedia, text and illustrations, is regarded as an anonymous work, whose copyright expires 70 years after its first publication (1926 + 70 = 1996). Even though parts of the text (and possibly some illustrations) can be traced to individual creators, these have sold their texts as "work for hire" to the publisher once and for all, so they (and their heirs) cannot claim individual copyright. Starting in August 2002 and ending in May 2003, I have scanned and published for free online all 38 volumes at http://runeberg.org/nf/ This is known all over Sweden, and nobody has protested. Therefore I feel completely safe in my interpretation of the work's copyright status. Do you have any contrary information? By the way, I have made a similar interpretation for the German Meyers Blitz-Lexikon (1932) which I scanned in 2005 for the German Wikisource. --LA2 00:45, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * (Help me out in the sense of give me and hand)
 * No worries, I was asking you because I want to learn from you. Actually, I was looking for a way to treat images from old books that are PD 70 years after publication because they are collective works or their authors are not mentioned, and Fred Chess suggested to turn right to you as the man.

 * So, trying to recapitulate: The reason we regard the components of these two collective works as PD 70 years after the books' publication is that a) the components were published anonymously and b)—this seems to be crucial—we can be sufficiently sure the components have not been published anyhwere else non-anonymously, because the compontents' authors transferred their exclusive copyright to the publisher of the collective work and none of the components had been published under the authors' name before. Right?

 * Thanks, and thanks for the good work! --Wikipeder 10:55, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Please, people in 1926 were not using terms such as "transfer exclusive rights". As for the Nordisk familjebok (NF), the editorial archives are deposited in the Royal Library in Stockholm, where you can dig through the letters between individual text contributors and the editorial office. But there is nowhere any mention of detailed legal contracts. It was all silently understood. The 3rd and 4th editions (1932-1957) of NF in many cases reused the same article texts and there is no chance that new money was paid to the old article authors. New money was only paid for new texts, and they were paid per line of text, just like freelance contributions to newspapers. Now this publishing company doesn't exist anymore, but if it did, it could have digitized the work and published it on CDROM or the Internet in 1996, when it could still be claimed to be under copyright, and the individual authors would not have been compensated one bit. This silent agreement can only be understood as if the authors had "transferred exclusive rights" to the publisher. --LA2 13:12, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * Yes, I got that.
 * You seem to get a tad defensive—sorry, I didn't mean to scare you or something. Your interest is to defend your work, my motivation is to contribute to improving the projects. I'm not after you or something. I was simply wondering under what conditions Commons accepts images from anonymous collective works and if we could apply that more often.
 * And if I may say so, I'd prefer arguments and considerations to be judged by their content and rationality and not by the speaker's referenced merits. I mean, when you set up susning.nu, did you not do anything for two years because you were too young and better shut up? --Wikipeder 14:33, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

 * What you are saying is that age shouldn't matter. I'm saying that this is an indication that you are younger than 25. Are you a law student, or what is your field of specialization? --LA2 14:59, 26 September 2006 (UTC)

How can you tell susning.nu is Sweden's 94th most visited website according to Alexa.com?
Hello LA2,

You write on your userpage: "According to Alexa.com, susning.nu is still Sweden's 94th most visited website with a global ranking of 16,000." Pray, how can you tell that Sweden's 94th most visited website according to Alexa.com? I've visited the Alexa site and all i could find out was the global ranking. This issue is important for me, since i'd like to be able to use Alexa as an aid in assessing the reliability of online newspapers and magazines i use as sources for Wikipedia articles i edit (assuming positive correlation between popularity and reliability). Thanks Itayb 18:11, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * At the time of writing, Alexa used to provide a global top 500 list and a per-country top 100 list, where susning.nu was once listed as #94 among Sweden's websites. After that it dropped from the list, and now the entire list seems to be gone. Susning.nu currently seems to rank 32,800 globally, which back then used to be in the range 15,000 to 20,000. --LA2 23:54, 15 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Do you know of any other sites similar to Alexa that rank websites according to their popularity, and offer these rankings freely? Itayb 07:11, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Nope. --LA2 07:50, 16 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks. Itayb 11:50, 19 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Apparently, Alexa has redesigned their website once again, and now the traffic details page at the end states that: "Susning.nu traffic rank in other countries: Sweden 304; Finland 13,740" --LA2 22:10, 23 February 2007 (UTC)

 * Thanks for the useful information, and also for remembering me. Itayb 00:20, 24 February 2007 (UTC)

Oceanic-Creations
A tag has been placed on Oceanic-Creations, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done because the article seems to be about a person, group of people, band, club, company, or web content, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is notable: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, articles that do not assert the subject's importance or significance may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you feel that you can assert the notability of the subject, you may contest the deletion. To do this, add  on the top of the page (just below the existing speedy deletion or "db" tag) and leave a note on the article's talk page explaining your position. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the article that would confirm the subject's notability under Wikipedia guidelines.

For guidelines on specific types of articles, you may want to check out our criteria for biographies, for web sites, [WP:BAND|for bands]], or for companies. Feel free to leave a note on my talk page if you have any questions about this. --Dynaflow 06:55, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

Ar. This looks pretty marginal, right now it has one (not multiple) external cites, and it's in Norwegian at that. Per WP:CORP this is not sufficient, do you have more? Herostratus 09:06, 6 May 2007 (UTC)

Copyright violation in Liz Story
Hello, this is a message from an automated bot. A tag has been placed on Liz Story, by another Wikipedia user, requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. The tag claims that it should be speedily deleted because Liz Story is unquestionably copyright infringement, and no assertion of permission has been made. To contest the tagging and request that administrators wait before possibly deleting Liz Story, please affix the template to the page, and put a note on its talk page. If the article has already been deleted, see the advice and instructions at WP:WMD. Feel free to leave a message on the bot operator's talk page if you have any questions about this or any problems with this bot, bearing in mind that this bot is only informing you of the nomination for speedy deletion; it does not perform any nominations or deletions itself. --Android Mouse Bot 2 06:26, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

 * Thank you, User:Butseriouslyfolks for cleaning up this. --LA2 15:35, 20 July 2007 (UTC)
 * Yes, I realized shortly afterward that the text should have just been removed instead, so many apologies. Cricket02 17:02, 20 July 2007 (UTC)

Peltast ISBN
A question - on the Peltast article you changed the ISBN of the Peter Conolly book on the basis of some list on the web? I have the book and the ISBN is definitely listed as 0-7481-0109-8. Why the difference? —Preceding unsigned comment added by Dan.M.McLaughlin (talk • contribs) 23:53, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Answered on Dan's user page. --LA2 00:55, 2 October 2007 (UTC)

You asked about the publisher of my copy of the book - it says First published 1981 by Macdonald Phoebus Ltd. Reprinted 1988 by Macdonald & Co (Publishers) Ltd under the Black Cat imprint. Dan.M.McLaughlin 1 December 2007

Cite templates for common works
Thanks for pointing this out as an idea. I have shamelessly stolen the format of Template:Ref Stockholm to create a mockup Template:Ref Kentucky and will see if there is consensus to use such a thing. Any comments or suggestions you may have on the template would be welcome. Euryalus 03:37, 14 October 2007 (UTC)

Re: "It was bound to happen"
Hi -- thanks for the note on my talk page. The Ref:Stockholm template looks interesting, & it may help me with the bibliographic problem that I've been encountering with greater frequency -- a consistent style for my sources. At the moment, I've been doing a lot of cut-n-paste, but that has grown cumbersome.

However, this template doesn't solve the problem I tried that was the focus of my blog post: when all is said & done, how do we know that editor X is telling the truth about source Y? Some works are easier to access than others. For example, I have used Richard Pankhurst's Economic History of Ethiopia in a number of articles, but to the best of my knowledge only 4000 copies were printed; it's not a common book, so not many people can be expected to be able to verify the information I repeat from it. Because of that difficulty, should I be allowed to quote from it? If yes, then can any editor quote from any book -- for example, an anon one-time contributor whose source is suspect from the beginning? If no, then which books are in commmon enough distribution to be used? Doesn't this limit violate the intent of Wikipedia to make knowledge accessible?

I ask this because I don't think there are any simple solutions. Definitely no "one size fits all" solutions. As I wrote the post, I did think a good step would be requiring Featured Articles (& maybe even "A" quality articles) to have their sources checked & verified that they are fairly quoted, so users can start with some certainty. -- llywrch 16:46, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

 * Yep, I'm giving your idea a test run.;-) I figure it will only help in maintaining the bibliographic resources over the long term. (And if newbies have problems, I'll just have them enter the raw information & I'll adjust it for them.) -- llywrch 18:09, 25 October 2007 (UTC)

Maps for the Finnish War articles
It is a pleasure for me to help you with some maps. I only need to know where I can find more information about those battles. The Wikipedia articles on them are very short and I need more than that to make a map. Please give me some web links with more details or tell me if I should wait until the articles are bettered. Andrei nacu (talk) 21:58, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

I forgot to tell you that I am quite busy until January 15 and I also started working for a map of Roman Britain. I will have more time to search myself for maps or infos from next Wednesday onwards. We will surely find more by searching the Web. Andrei nacu (talk) 22:15, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

Edit counts
Thank you very much for the link to the discussion thread - I'd probably tweak the wording to Wikipedia - the free encyclopedia that every third person can successfully edit, but your point is a very good one. (I've modified my blog posting to include a link to the mailing list posting where the actual numbers were cited.) It's really an amazing statistic - and I don't believe for a moment that even a small percentage of registrations were in order to set user preferences (to what?). In fact, I'd give long odds that well over 90% of registered editors who do actually have edits haven't ever modified their user preferences. -- John Broughton (♫♫) 01:18, 16 April 2008 (UTC)

Undone
Ok, I checked the link, you're good. I am quick on the trigger so excuse my revert. It was in Arabic, that's why, but I believe if the link is external you're okay with posting it. Good luck. --♣ẼгíćЏ89♣ (talk) 21:50, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Um, no, it's in Urdu. But thanks for clearing up this misunderstanding. --LA2 (talk) 21:50, 21 May 2008 (UTC)

Translation
[] Chaldean (talk) 03:16, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

zh-wp: User:LA2
The name LA2 is free now on zh-wp.--Philopp (talk) 22:33, 31 May 2008 (UTC)

 * Thanks! --LA2 (talk) 14:34, 1 June 2008 (UTC)

About new users
The Demitz talk page really isn't the place to discuss EmilEikS, but since you raised the issue, what has gone on here is a bit more than scaring away a newcomer. There is a request for comments that goes into a lot more detail, but people tried to explain rules and policies only to be met with vehemence, disdain, derision and tantrums, starting over such a trivial thing as a flag icon being removed from an article and has gotten no better. His behavior starting from that time, and the animosity he has continued to show, has made nothing better. I'm sure Wikipedia thanks him for the photos, but he's been thanked for the photos far and above anyone else who has ever contributed them. It doesn't excuse behavior, nor the explicit recent message he left on your sv.wikipedia talk page about many en.wikipedia editors and administrators. Because we speak English doesn't mean we can't understand Swedish. Here or there, such things are best said privately, as Emil suggested here some time ago. Regardless of what he thinks, the issues on articles here are legitimate issues, whether they are sourcing related, style related, relevance related or policy related. A good example would be the crypt picture he put on the Mae West article - it keeps coming back to putting Demitz's name in the caption, although there is nothing to suggest that Demitz was involved in any way in West's life or career. That he was a super-fan, adored her and did tributes in his shows still doesn't make him notable to the Mae West article. He has never understood that his perspective on Demitz, the articles, and the like are just that - his perspective. He also has never seemed to understand that it isn't personal, it was never personal, but he has made it that way to the detriment of his efforts. That's fairly much what I have to say about it, except that when I saw the note, I realized it is still going on in his view. By the way, I may do some work on Commons and images, but I have had nothing whatsoever to do with his uploads, his account or his activities there. Saying that I've followed him there is just a bit paranoid. In any case, I responded on the Demitz talk page about the issues, which are as much WP:BLP as anything. Wildhartlivie (talk) 07:09, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

 * I absolutely agree about the behaviour and the rant on my user talk page. But for the very same reason, I think such RFCs are counterproductive. They can only escalate conflict and scare newcomers away, instead of trying to improve behavior or find the right task for each new user. For the time being, I will remove that unnecessary rant on my user page and treat it as personal communication. If you see any further problems, you are welcome to contact me or user:Pieter Kuiper. --LA2 (talk) 08:45, 18 December 2008 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of Elizabeth Berg (author)
A proposed deletion template has been added to the article Elizabeth Berg (author), suggesting that it be deleted according to the proposed deletion process
 * dubious notability

All contributions are appreciated, but this article may not satisfy Wikipedia's criteria for inclusion, and the deletion notice should explain why (see also "What Wikipedia is not" and Wikipedia's deletion policy). You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the  notice, but please explain why you disagree with the proposed deletion in your edit summary or on its talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised because, even though removing the deletion notice will prevent deletion through the proposed deletion process, the article may still be deleted if it matches any of the speedy deletion criteria or it can be sent to Articles for Deletion, where it may be deleted if consensus to delete is reached. - CobaltBlueTony™ talk 20:20, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Thanks for keeping me informed. As you suggested, I removed the deletion proposal and started a discussion on the article's talk page. You say that "the deletion notice should explain why", but I don't think it does. --LA2 (talk) 20:40, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

 * Reply given at Talk:Elizabeth Berg (author). - CobaltBlueTony™ talk 21:14, 5 January 2009 (UTC)

de:Benutzer Diskussion:LA2 es:Usuario Discusión:LA2 fr:Discussion Utilisateur:LA2 it:Discussioni utente:LA2 nl:Overleg gebruiker:LA2 pl:Dyskusja wikipedysty:LA2 pt:Usuário Discussão:LA2 ksh:Metmaacher Klaaf:LA2

Interesting
Hi Lars, Thank you for you contributions to the Hebrew Wikipedia. I noticed your contributions and I was wondering, since you don't know hebrew, and you do manage to make quite an amount of interwiki edits - are you using a bot or any other tool to discover and complete the missing links? Thank You, TaBaZzz (talk) 14:11, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

 * It is correct that I don't know Hebrew (or Azerbaijani or Chinese). Yes, I'm using the pywikipediabot framework, interwiki.py as a semi-manual tool. user:LA2-bot has bot status to update a dozen languages but it reads all languages to check for inconsistencies, and sometimes I do the necessary edits (by copy-and-paste) manually. When it comes to an interwiki conflict between, say, Cinema of Sweden and its subcategory Swedish films, I trust what the other language links back to. The fully automated bots are very good at adding links, but not at removing them. Sometimes I just remove links to clear a conflict, trusting that other bots will fill in the correct ones later. --LA2 (talk) 14:52, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

 * By the way, please help me to fill in the big table at Category talk:Categories by geographical location. --LA2 (talk) 15:02, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

 * Well, now you know that your work is noticed and appreciated. I added the Hebrew terms to that table. I'd be glad to help with further language and interwiki issues (via my talk page). If you're interested in solving IW conflicts, you might wanna visit this page: meta:Interwiki synchronization. TaBaZzz (talk) 23:16, 6 February 2009 (UTC)

Inflection of abbreviations in Swedish and Finnish versus pretty much every other language in the world
I was prompted to writing this after reading on the page on Neue Zürcher Zeitung that over 70 terabytes of scanned pages were "OCR:ed". I immediately thought "this was written by a Swede or a Finn!" and sure enough, it was. Swedish and Finnish (and maybe Estonian?) are unique in that they inflect abbreviations and acronyms by inserting a colon between the abbreviation and the inflection. English sometimes uses no punctuation ("CPUs") or an apostrophe ("OCR'ed"). Other languages are similar. -- Peter Lund  10:45, 10 June 2009 (UTC)89.150.114.162 (talk)

 * An interesting observation, but how was this relevant to me or my user talk page? On a related note, colon is also used in Swedish abbreviations formed by removing the middle part of a word, e.g. Sankt Petersburg = S:t Petersburg, Andersson = A:son, cirka = c:a, Johannes = Joh:s, kyrka = k:a (meaning church, used on roadsigns). In the early years of Wikipedia, this caused a problem because t Petersburg was interpreted as an interwiki link. --LA2 (talk) 11:48, 10 June 2009 (UTC)

Well, now you know. So don't do that again. -- Peter Lund —Preceding unsigned comment added by 89.150.114.162 (talk) 11:50, 11 June 2009 (UTC)

Lesjaverk
Appreciate your pointing out the problem with Lesjaverk. Made some changes to the article in response to your comment. Please advise if that corrects the problem you noted.

Any chance you've been there and have a photo(or photos) you could upload. It is a beautiful area and worthy of a picture or two.

Thanks - Williamborg (Bill) 05:20, 24 July 2009 (UTC)

John Nordin
Hello. I thought I'd let you know that this page has been tagged for clean-up, and it's probable that it will be deleted. This is because none of the entries seem to have articles on en Wikipedia; as a dab is essentially an index of articles, this doesn't meet the guidelines in MOS:DAB until the articles are created. Best wishes, Boleyn3 (talk) 08:44, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

 * Whatever, go ahead. I used this as a scratchpad while figuring out who was who, and have now written two articles on sv.wikipedia, but these two are probably not relevant on en.wikipedia. --LA2 (talk) 20:50, 16 August 2009 (UTC)

I've prodded the page. Please don't use Wikipedia article space as a "scratchpad" and then leave the rest of us to clean up your scraps when you're done. You're free to create pages in your own userspace for things like that. Propaniac (talk) 15:58, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

I've moved the page to User:LA2/John Nordin. Propaniac (talk) 22:14, 18 August 2009 (UTC)

Category:Polish doctors
You tagged Category:Polish doctors for merging but didn't use the category specific template. I have opened a discussion here. Your input would be useful. Tassedethe (talk) 16:01, 27 September 2009 (UTC)

great minds think alike
ping. -- John Vandenberg (chat) 13:53, 17 October 2009 (UTC)

Editor of Merkantilt biografisk leksikon
Hi! You list the editor of Merkantilt biografisk leksikon as having an unknown death date. His name is E. Hoffstad, and according to BIBSYS he was born in 1894. (After looking that up, I saw this) In the Norwegian newspaper archive Atekst (Retriever.no, I think there's a Swedish version too) I find an article from Verdens Gang, 25 July 1959, page 16.

"Registrerte dødsfall. Aker.
 * Gartner Ragnar Halle, f. 1903
 * Cand. oecon. Einar Hoffstad, f. 1894
 * Direktør Einar Johansen, f. 1900
 * Fabrikant Einar Henrik Jensttn,.f 1879
 * Fru Anna Olsen, f. 1891."

This is with all probability the same person. So the death year is 1959, most probably in late July. If it's possible and in line with conventions I'd like to receive a small credit for finding this out (e.g. "tack til [namn] for dödsåret"). I'll email you my name. Geschichte (talk) 11:04, 27 October 2009 (UTC)

 * Excellent! You should try to get this information into Bibsys. --LA2 (talk) 18:28, 27 October 2009 (UTC)
 * I have no idea how to do that. I could ask at the desk of the University Library of Oslo though.

Project Runeberg
Thank you for Project Runeburg by the way. A wonderful endeavor you must be proud of. I was using it today when I had to ask a friend to translate something for me to English because my Danish is awful. This he kindly did and was I glad because his version compared to the Google translator changed the whole meaning. This made me very happy and very sad both at the same time. Happy that he did such a good translation that helped me but sad because it would never been seen again, for the benefit of someone else. This gave me the idea that it would be so nice to have a translation link just like you have a ''Below is the raw OCR text from the above scanned image. Do you see an error? Proofread the page now!'' below the book. This way the translation would be there for others to read. What are you thoughts ? (Ice Explorer (talk) 10:25, 16 November 2009 (UTC))

GOCR
Thanks for adding the reference to this article, however counting lines of code yourself is considered original research, which is not permitted on Wikipedia. I have removed the ref and the code line count. You can replace it if you have a reliable reference that says that this is true. I have also re-tagged the version sequence, as we still need a ref for that, perhaps from the GOCR project release notes or a similar source? - Ahunt (talk) 15:54, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

 * It's only "original research" if there is any chance that the information could be controversial. In this case, it is easy for anybody to verify that the open source project contains a certain amount of source code, and arrive at the same number, just like you can check the number of pages in a book. There is nothing "original" about that research. --LA2 (talk) 20:29, 10 December 2009 (UTC)

Unreferenced BLPs
Hello LA2! Thank you for your contributions. I am a bot alerting you that 1 of the articles that you created  is an  Unreferenced Biography of a Living Person. Please note that all biographies of living persons must be sourced. If you were to add reliable, secondary sources to this article, it would greatly help us with the current Category:All_unreferenced_BLPs article backlog. Once the article is adequately referenced, please remove the unreferencedBLP tag. Here is the article:

Thanks!--DASHBot (talk) 18:06, 2 January 2010 (UTC)
 * 1) Jonny Z -

 * I did not create that article, but I might have edited it on May 20, 2001. Older article history might have been lost. --LA2 (talk) 19:51, 2 January 2010 (UTC)

 * The relevant page history on the Nostalgia Wikipedia shows that the first edit to the article was by . I have informed him that the article has been deleted. Graham 87 08:45, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

Your user page
I found your old user page while checking out some old edits. I have history merged it, so that all edits are in one place. Hope you don't mind. Graham 87 07:52, 31 January 2010 (UTC)

A
You started that article; that's radical. do you know what article was first; or likely first if it's not known. I tried to figure it out once. Daniel Christensen (talk) 00:53, 15 February 2010 (UTC)

 * No, I did not start that article, although it appears so from the page history. Some old versions have been lost for ever. I probably edited the article in May 2001, but I don't remember what changes I made. And I don't know which article was the first one. --LA2 (talk) 02:58, 15 February 2010 (UTC)
 * LA2, and anyone else who is interested, see Wikipedia's oldest articles. I'm on a wikiarcheology expedition again, and I stumbled on this talk page. Graham 87  08:21, 25 March 2010 (UTC)

CfD nomination of Category:ISBN agencies
I have nominated isbn agencies for renaming to international standard book number agencies. Your opinions on the matter are welcome; please participate in the discussion by adding your comments at the discussion page. Thank you. —Justin (koavf)❤T☮C☺M☯ 04:27, 23 February 2010 (UTC)

Testing 10 years ago
I'm searching for early editions on Catalan Wikipedia ten years ago. On May 2001 you made a testing edit http://web.archive.org/web/20010806172539/catalan.wikipedia.com/wiki.cgi?Ciencia. Just curious, what did you mean with "vida"? Perhaps it was vide in Latin. --Vriullop (talk) 11:33, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

 * I don't speak Spanish, Catalan, or Latin. Yes, if that was my edit, I clearly meant "see". --LA2 (talk) 14:26, 31 December 2010 (UTC)

Time Limits for Admin Discussion at Village Pump
Lars, I saw your post over at WikiMedia on limiting terms for admins and wonder if you'd be interested in weighing on on a Village Pump discussion on the issue here on English Wikipedia. I confess I dropped your name as a potential contributor. I'm interested in the one year term that you mentioned was working at Swedish Wikipedia. The head of the discussion is here. Cheers! Geoff Who, me?  22:25, 17 March 2011 (UTC)
 * Thank you for contributing the Swedish wiki's experience to the discussion. I appreciate your kindess in taking the time. (Heaven knows what the end result will be, or even if there will be an end. Perhaps we will reach, to paraphrase Winston Churchill, "Neither the end, nor the beginning of the end, but the end of the beginning...") Geoff  Who, me?  17:39, 18 March 2011 (UTC)

Proposed deletion of AF107

The article AF107 has been proposed for deletion  because of the following concern:
 * WP is no a parts catalogue

While all contributions to Wikipedia are appreciated, content or articles may be deleted for any of several reasons.

You may prevent the proposed deletion by removing the notice, but please explain why in your edit summary or on the article's talk page.

Please consider improving the article to address the issues raised. Removing will stop the proposed deletion process, but other deletion processes exist. The speedy deletion process can result in deletion without discussion, and articles for deletion allows discussion to reach consensus for deletion. -- Alan Liefting (talk) - 19:30, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

 * This deletion makes a lot of sense. I can't remember now, but I think I wrote that article (in August 2004, apparently) as a test case for what articles could contain. I'm surprised it is still around. --LA2 (talk) 20:45, 24 March 2011 (UTC)

Speedy deletion nomination of Velleman

A tag has been placed on Velleman requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section A7 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the article appears to be about an organization or company, but it does not indicate how or why the subject is important or significant: that is, why an article about that subject should be included in an encyclopedia. Under the criteria for speedy deletion, such articles may be deleted at any time. Please see the guidelines for what is generally accepted as notable.

If you think that this notice was placed here in error, contest the deletion by clicking on the button labelled "Click here to contest this speedy deletion". Doing so will take you to the talk page where you will find a pre-formatted place for you to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. You can also visit the page's talk page directly to give your reasons, but be aware that once tagged for speedy deletion, if the page meets the criterion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag yourself, but don't hesitate to add information to the page that would render it more in conformance with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. If the page is deleted, you can contact one of these administrators to request that the administrator userfy the page or email a copy to you.  Falcon8765  (T ALK ) 03:00, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

 * Thanks for keeping me informed. --LA2 (talk) 03:27, 11 December 2011 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification
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LA2-bot @ is.wiki
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No text layer in djvu file
Lars,

I am trying to run djvutext.py for s:ru:Индекс:Arhangelskij sbornik. chast 1. kniga 2.djvu and getting an error message "No text layer in djvu file". Any ideas, what it can be? VadimVMog (talk) 03:53, 8 April 2012 (UTC)

Disambiguation link notification for August 28
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Invitation to join the Ten Year Society
Dear Lars,

I'd like to extend a cordial invitation to you to join the Ten Year Society, an informal group for editors who've been participating in the Wikipedia project for ten years or more. I'm currently inviting people whose names that I recognize from around the project, please feel free to invite anyone else you like.

Best regards, -- Hex [t/c] 11:26, 27 September 2012 (UTC).

Nomination of 1 metre for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article 1 metre is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/1 metre until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

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Nomination of Dan Anderson (voice actor) for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Dan Anderson (voice actor) is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Dan Anderson (voice actor) until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. HairyWombat 22:25, 23 March 2013 (UTC)

 * My contribution in April 2006 was to set up a disambiguation page. I have nothing to do with this voice actor, as you can see from the article's history. --LA2 (talk) 01:54, 24 March 2013 (UTC)

Bitcasa
Hey, heads up your article, Bitcasa was nominated for deletion. I think the article needs some help, but it's a good one to have. Thanks Synergee (talk) 16:48, 27 March 2013 (UTC)

Hi
I could really need some help from a Swedish Wikipedian. I have made an article on Elisabet Höglund which I have nominated for DYK, I could need some help with additional copy-editing and translation of some of the words that perhaps was lost in translation from Swedish to English and links that are without proper redirect. Any help is welcome. Regards,--BabbaQ (talk) 15:40, 14 July 2013 (UTC)

Userbox
I found this userbox: and I think you should use it on your userpage! greetings, :) Dan Koehl (talk) 14:35, 11 April 2014 (UTC)

Russophobia
I've just tagged the "Sweden" section requesting citations. Although the very substantial new material you've added looks interesting and informative, we really need some citations from reliable sources as per Wikipedia policy. Could you please add these, as otherwise your potentially valuable work may be challenged and removed by another editor. Alfietucker (talk) 08:47, 10 June 2014 (UTC)

 * Thank you! I think many of the statements are anchored in (verified by) the articles they link to, e.g. Rurik, Great Northern War, Norrköping, etc. It's the 20th century history that needs both more detail and more references. For example, the "saw filers" are covered in the Swedish Wikipedia, but nowhere in the English Wikipedia. --LA2 (talk) 11:26, 10 June 2014 (UTC)

Nomination for deletion of Template:Ref Stockholm
Template:Ref Stockholm has been nominated for deletion. You are invited to comment on the discussion at the template's entry on the Templates for discussion page. Ricky81682 (talk) 08:44, 23 February 2015 (UTC)

Nomination of AF107 for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article AF107 is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/AF107 until a consensus is reached, and anyone is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. Piotr Konieczny aka Prokonsul Piotrus| reply here 20:22, 19 January 2016 (UTC)

Your bot in Ukrainian Wikipedia
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Speedy deletion nomination of Perler beads

A tag has been placed on Perler beads requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section G12 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the page appears to be an unambiguous copyright infringement. This page appears to be a direct copy from http://www.perlest.com/. For legal reasons, we cannot accept copyrighted text or images taken from other web sites or printed material, and as a consequence, your addition will most likely be deleted. You may use external websites or other printed material as a source of information, but not as a source of sentences. This part is crucial: say it in your own words. Wikipedia takes copyright violations very seriously and persistent violators will be blocked from editing.

If the external website or image belongs to you, and you want to allow Wikipedia to use the text or image — which means allowing other people to use it for any reason — then you must verify that externally by one of the processes explained at Donating copyrighted materials. The same holds if you are not the owner but have their permission. If you are not the owner and do not have permission, see Requesting copyright permission for how you may obtain it. You might want to look at Wikipedia's copyright policy for more details, or ask a question here.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. SweetCanadianMullet (talk) 20:19, 24 February 2018 (UTC)

 * This is utterly confused. What I created was a redirect, the one that has now been restored. I was not involved in copying any content to that page name. Your routines are broken, when you alert the wrong people in this fashion. --LA2 (talk) 20:25, 25 February 2018 (UTC)

Inactive bot on Latvian Wikipedia
Hello!

As a bureaucrat on Latvian Wikipedia (lvwiki), I was checking the activity of the bots, and noticed that yours had been inactive from at least September 2013. It is not reasonable that an unmonitored account keeps a bot flag, as it may be more easily hacked. If you have any future plans for bot running or want to keep this flag for some other reasons, please make a note at this table. You can also contact me directly via my user talk at User talk:Edgars2007.

If you have no objections or we won't receive any response for a month, we will remove bot flag. Thanks a lot for your previous contributions! -- Edgars2007  (talk/contribs) 08:39, 27 May 2018 (UTC)

Bot activity on the Dutch Wikipedia
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Your bot account hasn't made any edits on the Dutch Wikipedia for at least three years. In accordance with the local bot policy the bot flag will be removed in three months. To avoid losing the bot flag, you can confirm you want to retain the bot flag by going to this page.

With kind regards, Kippenvlees1 (talk) 18:42, 29 May 2018 (UTC)

Nomination of Harald Tveit Alvestrand for deletion
A discussion is taking place as to whether the article Harald Tveit Alvestrand is suitable for inclusion in Wikipedia according to Wikipedia's policies and guidelines or whether it should be deleted.

The article will be discussed at Articles for deletion/Harald Tveit Alvestrand until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. The nomination will explain the policies and guidelines which are of concern. The discussion focuses on high-quality evidence and our policies and guidelines.

Users may edit the article during the discussion, including to improve the article to address concerns raised in the discussion. However, do not remove the article-for-deletion notice from the top of the article. — MarkH21 (talk) 22:47, 4 March 2019 (UTC)

"1 kilometre" listed at Redirects for discussion
A discussion is taking place to address the redirect 1 kilometre. The discussion will occur at Redirects for discussion/Log/2020 June 3 until a consensus is reached, and anyone, including you, is welcome to contribute to the discussion. 1234qwer1234qwer4 (talk) 13:52, 3 June 2020 (UTC)

"Electronic Transactions on Artificial Intelligence" listed at Redirects for discussion
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Speedy deletion nomination of Category:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check

A tag has been placed on Category:WikiProject Fact and Reference Check requesting that it be speedily deleted from Wikipedia. This has been done under section C1 of the criteria for speedy deletion, because the category has been empty for seven days or more and is not a disambiguation category, a category redirect, a featured topics category, under discussion at Categories for discussion, or a project category that by its nature may become empty on occasion.

If you think this page should not be deleted for this reason, you may contest the nomination by visiting the page and clicking the button labelled "Contest this speedy deletion". This will give you the opportunity to explain why you believe the page should not be deleted. However, be aware that once a page is tagged for speedy deletion, it may be deleted without delay. Please do not remove the speedy deletion tag from the page yourself, but do not hesitate to add information in line with Wikipedia's policies and guidelines. Liz Read! Talk! 17:49, 11 February 2021 (UTC)

Hello!
Hello, LA2,

I came across an old edit of yours and when I looked into it I found you've been on Wikipedia for over 20 years and, even more remarkable, are still an active editor! Thanks, from those of us who signed up years later, for the effort that you put into Wikipedia and your own wiki over the years.

Sorry for the deletion notice, posted above, I handle empty categories and this one seems to no longer be in active use. If you want it back, I can easily restore it for you. Cheers! Liz Read! Talk! 01:56, 17 September 2021 (UTC)

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title: User talk:LA2


text:
Gout

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of pain in a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint,  caused by the deposition of needle-like crystals of uric acid known as monosodium urate crystals. Pain typically comes on rapidly, reaching maximal intensity in less than 12 hours. The joint at the base of the big toe is affected (Podagra) in about half of cases. It may also result in tophi, kidney stones, or kidney damage.

Gout is due to persistently elevated levels of uric acid (urate) in the blood (hyperuricemia). This occurs from a combination of diet, other health problems, and genetic factors. At high levels, uric acid crystallizes and the crystals deposit in joints, tendons, and surrounding tissues, resulting in an attack of gout. Gout occurs more commonly in those who regularly drink beer or sugar-sweetened beverages; eat foods that are high in purines such as liver, shellfish, or anchovies; or are overweight. Diagnosis of gout may be confirmed by the presence of crystals in the joint fluid or in a deposit outside the joint. Blood uric acid levels may be normal during an attack.

Treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), glucocorticoids, or colchicine improves symptoms. Once the acute attack subsides, levels of uric acid can be lowered via lifestyle changes and in those with frequent attacks, allopurinol or probenecid provides long-term prevention. Taking vitamin C and having a diet high in low-fat dairy products may be preventive.

Gout affects about 1–2% of adults in the developed world at some point in their lives. It has become more common in recent decades. This is believed to be due to increasing risk factors in the population, such as metabolic syndrome, longer life expectancy, and changes in diet. Older males are most commonly affected. Gout was historically known as "the disease of kings" or "rich man's disease". It has been recognized at least since the time of the ancient Egyptians.

Signs and symptoms
Gout can present in several ways, although the most common is a recurrent attack of acute inflammatory arthritis (a red, tender, hot, swollen joint). The metatarsophalangeal joint at the base of the big toe is affected most often, accounting for half of cases. Other joints, such as the heels, knees, wrists, and fingers, may also be affected. Joint pain usually begins during the night and peaks within 24 hours of onset. This is mainly due to lower body temperature. Other symptoms may rarely occur along with the joint pain, including fatigue and high fever.

Long-standing elevated uric acid levels (hyperuricemia) may result in other symptoms, including hard, painless deposits of uric acid crystals called tophi. Extensive tophi may lead to chronic arthritis due to bone erosion. Elevated levels of uric acid may also lead to crystals precipitating in the kidneys, resulting in kidney stone formation and subsequent acute uric acid nephropathy.

Cause

The crystallization of uric acid, often related to relatively high levels in the blood, is the underlying cause of gout. This can occur because of diet, genetic predisposition, or underexcretion of urate, the salts of uric acid. Underexcretion of uric acid by the kidney is the primary cause of hyperuricemia in about 90% of cases, while overproduction is the cause in less than 10%. About 10% of people with hyperuricemia develop gout at some point in their lifetimes. The risk, however, varies depending on the degree of hyperuricemia. When levels are between 415 and 530 μmol/L (7 and 8.9 mg/dL), the risk is 0.5% per year, while in those with a level greater than 535 μmol/L (9 mg/dL), the risk is 4.5% per year.

Lifestyle
Dietary causes account for about 12% of gout, and include a strong association with the consumption of alcohol, sugar-sweetened beverages, meat, and seafood. Among foods richest in purines yielding high amounts of uric acid are dried anchovies, shrimp, organ meat, dried mushrooms, seaweed, and beer yeast. Chicken and potatoes also appear related. Other triggers include physical trauma and surgery.

Studies in the early 2000s found that other dietary factors are not relevant. Specifically, a diet with moderate purine-rich vegetables (e.g., beans, peas, lentils, and spinach) is not associated with gout. Neither is total dietary protein. Alcohol consumption is strongly associated with increased risk, with wine presenting somewhat less of a risk than beer or spirits. Eating skim milk powder enriched with glycomacropeptide (GMP) and G600 milk fat extract may reduce pain but may result in diarrhea and nausea.

Physical fitness, healthy weight, low-fat dairy products, and to a lesser extent, coffee and taking vitamin C, appear to decrease the risk of gout; however, taking vitamin C supplements does not appear to have a significant effect in people who already have established gout. Peanuts, brown bread, and fruit also appear protective. This is believed to be partly due to their effect in reducing insulin resistance.

Other than dietary and lifestyle choices, the recurrence of gout attacks is also linked to the weather. High ambient temperature and low relative humidity may increase the risk of a gout attack.

Genetics
Gout is partly genetic, contributing to about 60% of variability in uric acid level. The SLC2A9, SLC22A12, and ABCG2 genes have been found to be commonly associated with gout and variations in them can approximately double the risk. Loss-of-function mutations in SLC2A9 and SLC22A12 causes low blood uric acid levels by reducing urate absorption and unopposed urate secretion. The rare genetic disorders familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy, medullary cystic kidney disease, phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase superactivity and hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency as seen in Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, are complicated by gout.

Medical conditions
Gout frequently occurs in combination with other medical problems. Metabolic syndrome, a combination of abdominal obesity, hypertension, insulin resistance, and abnormal lipid levels, occurs in nearly 75% of cases. Other conditions commonly complicated by gout include lead poisoning, kidney failure, hemolytic anemia, psoriasis, solid organ transplants, and myeloproliferative disorders such as polycythemia. A body mass index greater than or equal to 35 increases male risk of gout threefold. Chronic lead exposure and lead-contaminated alcohol are risk factors for gout due to the harmful effect of lead on kidney function.

Medication
Diuretics have been associated with attacks of gout, but a low dose of hydrochlorothiazide does not seem to increase risk. Other medications that increase the risk include niacin, aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, beta blockers, ritonavir, and pyrazinamide. The immunosuppressive drugs ciclosporin and tacrolimus are also associated with gout, the former more so when used in combination with hydrochlorothiazide. Hyperuricemia may be induced by excessive use of Vitamin D supplements. Levels of serum uric acid have been positively associated with 25(OH) D. The incidence of hyperuricemia increased 9.4% for every 10 nmol/L increase in 25(OH) D (P < 0.001).

Pathophysiology

Gout is a disorder of purine metabolism, and occurs when its final metabolite, uric acid, crystallizes in the form of monosodium urate, precipitating and forming deposits (tophi) in joints, on tendons, and in the surrounding tissues. Microscopic tophi may be walled off by a ring of proteins, which blocks interaction of the crystals with cells and therefore avoids inflammation. Naked crystals may break out of walled-off tophi due to minor physical damage to the joint, medical or surgical stress, or rapid changes in uric acid levels. When they break through the tophi, they trigger a local immune-mediated inflammatory reaction in macrophages, which is initiated by the NLRP3 inflammasome protein complex. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome recruits the enzyme caspase 1, which converts pro-interleukin 1β into active interleukin 1β, one of the key proteins in the inflammatory cascade. An evolutionary loss of urate oxidase (uricase), which breaks down uric acid, in humans and higher primates has made this condition common.

The triggers for precipitation of uric acid are not well understood. While it may crystallize at normal levels, it is more likely to do so as levels increase. Other triggers believed to be important in acute episodes of arthritis include cool temperatures, rapid changes in uric acid levels, acidosis, articular hydration and extracellular matrix proteins. The increased precipitation at low temperatures partly explains why the joints in the feet are most commonly affected. Rapid changes in uric acid may occur due to factors including trauma, surgery, chemotherapy and diuretics. The starting or increasing of urate-lowering medications can lead to an acute attack of gout with febuxostat of a particularly high risk. Calcium channel blockers and losartan are associated with a lower risk of gout compared to other medications for hypertension.

Diagnosis
Gout may be diagnosed and treated without further investigations in someone with hyperuricemia and the classic acute arthritis of the base of the great toe (known as podagra). Synovial fluid analysis should be done if the diagnosis is in doubt. Plain X-rays are usually normal and are not useful for confirming a diagnosis of early gout. They may show signs of chronic gout such as bone erosion.

Synovial fluid
A definitive diagnosis of gout is based upon the identification of monosodium urate crystals in synovial fluid or a tophus. All synovial fluid samples obtained from undiagnosed inflamed joints by arthrocentesis should be examined for these crystals. Under polarized light microscopy, they have a needle-like morphology and strong negative birefringence. This test is difficult to perform and requires a trained observer. The fluid must be examined relatively soon after aspiration, as temperature and pH affect solubility.

Blood tests
Hyperuricemia is a classic feature of gout, but nearly half of the time gout occurs without hyperuricemia and most people with raised uric acid levels never develop gout. Thus, the diagnostic utility of measuring uric acid levels is limited. Hyperuricemia is defined as a plasma urate level greater than 420 μmol/L (7.0 mg/dL) in males and 360 μmol/L (6.0 mg/dL) in females. Other blood tests commonly performed are white blood cell count, electrolytes, kidney function and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). However, both the white blood cells and ESR may be elevated due to gout in the absence of infection. A white blood cell count as high as 40.0×109/l (40,000/mm3) has been documented.

Differential diagnosis
The most important differential diagnosis in gout is septic arthritis. This should be considered in those with signs of infection or those who do not improve with treatment. To help with diagnosis, a synovial fluid Gram stain and culture may be performed. Other conditions that can look similar include CPPD (pseudogout), rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, palindromic rheumatism, and reactive arthritis. Gouty tophi, in particular when not located in a joint, can be mistaken for basal cell carcinoma or other neoplasms.

Prevention
Risk of gout attacks can be lowered by complete abstinence from drinking alcoholic beverages, reducing the intake of fructose (e.g. high fructose corn syrup) and purine-rich foods of animal origin, such as organ meats and seafood. Eating dairy products, vitamin C-rich foods, coffee, and cherries may help prevent gout attacks, as does losing weight. Gout may be secondary to sleep apnea via the release of purines from oxygen-starved cells. Treatment of apnea can lessen the occurrence of attacks.

Medications
As of 2020, allopurinol is generally the recommended preventative treatment if medications are used. A number of other medications may occasionally be considered to prevent further episodes of gout, including probenecid, febuxostat, benzbromarone, and colchicine. Long term medications are not recommended until a person has had two attacks of gout, unless destructive joint changes, tophi, or urate nephropathy exist. It is not until this point that medications are cost-effective. They are not usually started until one to two weeks after an acute flare has resolved, due to theoretical concerns of worsening the attack. They are often used in combination with either an NSAID or colchicine for the first three to six months.

While it has been recommended that urate-lowering measures should be increased until serum uric acid levels are below 300–360 μmol/L (5.0–6.0 mg/dL), there is little evidence to support this practice over simply putting people on a standard dose of allopurinol. If these medications are in chronic use at the time of an attack, it is recommended that they be continued. Levels that cannot be brought below 6.0 mg/dL while attacks continue indicates refractory gout.

While historically it is not recommended to start allopurinol during an acute attack of gout, this practice appears acceptable. Allopurinol blocks uric acid production, and is the most commonly used agent. Long term therapy is safe and well-tolerated and can be used in people with renal impairment or urate stones, although hypersensitivity occurs in a small number of individuals. The HLA-B*58:01 allele of the human leukocyte antigen B (HLA-B) is strongly associated with severe cutaneous adverse reactions during treatment with allopurinol and is most common among Asian subpopulations, notably those of Korean, Han-Chinese, or Thai descent.

Febuxostat is only recommended in those who cannot tolerate allopurinol. There are concerns about more deaths with febuxostat compared to allopurinol. Febuxostat may also increase the rate of gout flares during early treatment. However, there is tentative evidence that febuxostat may bring down urate levels more than allopurinol.

Probenecid appears to be less effective than allopurinol and is a second line agent. Probenecid may be used if undersecretion of uric acid is present (24-hour urine uric acid less than 800 mg). It is, however, not recommended if a person has a history of kidney stones. Probenecid can be used in a combined therapy with allopurinol is more effective than allopurinol monotherapy.

Pegloticase is an option for the 3% of people who are intolerant to other medications. It is a third line agent. Pegloticase is given as an intravenous infusion every two weeks, and reduces uric acid levels. Pegloticase is useful decreasing tophi but has a high rate of side effects and many people develop resistance to it. Using lesinurad $400 mg$ plus febuxostat is more beneficial for tophi resolution than lesinural $200 mL$ with febuxostat, with similar side effects. Lesinural plus allopurinol is not effective for tophi resolution. Potential side effects include kidney stones, anemia and joint pain. In 2016, it was withdrawn from the European market.

Lesinurad reduces blood uric acid levels by preventing uric acid absorption in the kidneys. It was approved in the United States for use together with allopurinol, among those who were unable to reach their uric acid level targets. Side effects include kidney problems and kidney stones.

Treatment
The initial aim of treatment is to settle the symptoms of an acute attack. Repeated attacks can be prevented by medications that reduce serum uric acid levels. Tentative evidence supports the application of ice for 20 to 30 minutes several times a day to decrease pain. Options for acute treatment include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), colchicine, and glucocorticoids. While glucocorticoids and NSAIDs work equally well, glucocorticoids may be safer. Options for prevention include allopurinol, febuxostat, and probenecid. Lowering uric acid levels can cure the disease. Treatment of associated health problems is also important. Lifestyle interventions have been poorly studied. It is unclear whether dietary supplements have an effect in people with gout.

NSAIDs
NSAIDs are the usual first-line treatment for gout. No specific agent is significantly more or less effective than any other. Improvement may be seen within four hours and treatment is recommended for one to two weeks. They are not recommended for those with certain other health problems, such as gastrointestinal bleeding, kidney failure, or heart failure. While indometacin has historically been the most commonly used NSAID, an alternative, such as ibuprofen, may be preferred due to its better side effect profile in the absence of superior effectiveness. For those at risk of gastric side effects from NSAIDs, an additional proton pump inhibitor may be given. There is some evidence that COX-2 inhibitors may work as well as nonselective NSAIDs for acute gout attack with fewer side effects.

Colchicine
Colchicine is an alternative for those unable to tolerate NSAIDs. At high doses, side effects (primarily gastrointestinal upset) limit its usage. At lower doses, which are still effective, it is well tolerated. Colchicine may interact with other commonly prescribed drugs, such as atorvastatin and erythromycin, among others.

Glucocorticoids
Glucocorticoids have been found to be as effective as NSAIDs and may be used if contraindications exist for NSAIDs. They also lead to improvement when injected into the joint. A joint infection must be excluded, however, as glucocorticoids worsen this condition. There were no short-term adverse effects reported.

Others
Interleukin-1 inhibitors, such as canakinumab, showed moderate effectiveness for pain relief and reduction of joint swelling, but have increased risk of adverse events, such as back pain, headache, and increased blood pressure. They, however, may work less well than usual doses of NSAIDS. The high cost of this class of drugs may also discourage their use for treating gout.

Prognosis
Without treatment, an acute attack of gout usually resolves in five to seven days; however, 60% of people have a second attack within one year. Those with gout are at increased risk of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and kidney and cardiovascular disease and thus are at increased risk of death. It is unclear whether medications that lower urate affect cardiovascular disease risks. This may be partly due to its association with insulin resistance and obesity, but some of the increased risk appears to be independent.

Without treatment, episodes of acute gout may develop into chronic gout with destruction of joint surfaces, joint deformity, and painless tophi. These tophi occur in 30% of those who are untreated for five years, often in the helix of the ear, over the olecranon processes, or on the Achilles tendons. With aggressive treatment, they may dissolve. Kidney stones also frequently complicate gout, affecting between 10 and 40% of people, and occur due to low urine pH promoting the precipitation of uric acid. Other forms of chronic kidney dysfunction may occur.

Epidemiology
Gout affects around 1–2% of people in the Western world at some point in their lifetimes and is becoming more common. Some 5.8 million people were affected in 2013. Rates of gout approximately doubled between 1990 and 2010. This rise is believed to be due to increasing life expectancy, changes in diet and an increase in diseases associated with gout, such as metabolic syndrome and high blood pressure. Factors that influence rates of gout include age, race, and the season of the year. In men over 30 and women over 50, rates are 2%.

In the United States, gout is twice as likely in males of African descent than those of European descent. Rates are high among Polynesians, but the disease is rare in aboriginal Australians, despite a higher mean uric acid serum concentration in the latter group. It has become common in China, Polynesia, and urban Sub-Saharan Africa. Some studies found that attacks of gout occur more frequently in the spring. This has been attributed to seasonal changes in diet, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and temperature.

History

The English term "gout" first occurs in the work of Randolphus of Bocking, around 1200 AD. It derives from the Latin word gutta, meaning "a drop" (of liquid). According to the Oxford English Dictionary, this originates from humorism and "the notion of the 'dropping' of a morbid material from the blood in and around the joints".

Gout has been known since antiquity. Historically, wits have referred to it as "the king of diseases and the disease of kings" or as "rich man's disease". The Ebers papyrus and the Edwin Smith papyrus, (c. 1550 BC) each mention arthritis of the first metacarpophalangeal joint as a distinct type of arthritis. These ancient manuscripts cite (now missing) Egyptian texts about gout that are claimed to have been written 1,000 years earlier and ascribed to Imhotep. Greek physician Hippocrates around 400 BC commented on it in his Aphorisms, noting its absence in eunuchs and premenopausal women. Aulus Cornelius Celsus (30 AD) described the linkage with alcohol, later onset in women and associated kidney problems: "Again thick urine, the sediment from which is white, indicates that pain and disease are to be apprehended in the region of joints or viscera... Joint troubles in the hands and feet are very frequent and persistent, such as occur in cases of podagra and cheiragra. These seldom attack eunuchs or boys before coition with a woman, or women except those in whom the menses have become suppressed... some have obtained lifelong security by refraining from wine, mead and venery."

Benjamin Welles, an English physician, authored the first medical book on gout, A Treatise of the Gout, or Joint Evil, in 1669. In 1683, Thomas Sydenham, an English physician, described its occurrence in the early hours of the morning and its predilection for older males: "Gouty patients are, generally, either old men or men who have so worn themselves out in youth as to have brought on a premature old age—of such dissolute habits none being more common than the premature and excessive indulgence in venery and the like exhausting passions. The victim goes to bed and sleeps in good health. About two o'clock in the morning he is awakened by a severe pain in the great toe; more rarely in the heel, ankle, or instep. The pain is like that of a dislocation and yet parts feel as if cold water were poured over them. Then follows chills and shivers and a little fever... The night is passed in torture, sleeplessness, turning the part affected and perpetual change of posture; the tossing about of body being as incessant as the pain of the tortured joint and being worse as the fit comes on."

In the 18th century, Thomas Marryat distinguished different manifestations of gout: The Gout is a chronical disease most commonly affecting the feet. If it attacks the knees, it is called ; if the hands, ; if the elbow, Onagra; if the shoulder, ; if the back or loins, Lumbago.

Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek first described the microscopic appearance of urate crystals in 1679. In 1848, English physician Alfred Baring Garrod identified excess uric acid in the blood as the cause of gout.

Other animals
Gout is rare in most other animals due to their ability to produce uricase, which breaks down uric acid. Humans and other great apes do not have this ability; thus, gout is common. Other animals with uricase include fish, amphibians and most non-primate mammals. The Tyrannosaurus rex specimen known as "Sue" is believed to have had gout.

Research
A number of new medications are under study for treating gout, including anakinra, canakinumab, and rilonacept. Canakinumab may result in better outcomes than a low dose of a glucocorticoid, but costs five thousand times more. A recombinant uricase enzyme (rasburicase) is available but its use is limited, as it triggers an immune response. Less antigenic versions are in development.

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title: Gout


text:
Walker tariff

The Walker Tariff was a set of tariff rates adopted by the United States in 1846. Enacted by the Democrats, it made substantial cuts in the high rates of the "Black Tariff" of 1842, enacted by the Whigs. It was based on a report by Secretary of the Treasury Robert J. Walker.

The Walker Tariff reduced tariff rates from 32% to 25%. Coinciding with Britain's repeal of the Corn Laws, it led to an increase in trade and was one of the lowest tariffs in American history.

Adoption
Democrat James Polk was elected President in 1844 over Henry Clay, a Whig who advocated a high tariff.

President Polk declared that reduction of the "Black Tariff" would be the first of the "four great measures" that would define his administration. He directed Walker to work out the details. In 1846, Polk delivered Walker's tariff proposal to Congress. Walker urged its adoption to increase commerce between the US and Britain. He also predicted that a reduction in tariff rates would stimulate trade, including imports. The result, asserted Walker, would be a net increase in customs revenue, despite the reduced rates.

Congress, then controlled by Democrats, acted quickly on Walker's recommendations. Southern Democrats, who had little industry in their states, were especially supportive.

The Walker Tariff produced the nation's first standardized tariff: rather than setting fixed rates for specific items on a case-by-case basis, it established general schedules into which all goods could be classified, subject to defined ad valorem rates. The bill reduced rates across the board on most major import items save luxury goods, such as tobacco and alcoholic beverages.

Impact
The bill made moderate reductions in many tariff rates. As Walker had predicted, trade increased substantially, and net revenue collected also increased, from $30 million annually under the Black Tariff in 1845 to almost $45 million annually by 1850. It also improved relations with Britain that had soured over the Oregon boundary dispute.

It was passed along with a series of financial reforms proposed by Walker including the Warehousing Act of 1846. The 1846 tariff rates initiated a fourteen-year period of relative free trade by nineteenth century standards lasting until the high Morrill Tariff of 1861.

The Walker Tariff remained in effect until the Tariff of 1857, which used it as a base and reduced rates further.

The 1861 Morril Tariff raised the effective rate collected on dutiable imports by approximately 70%. Customs revenue from tariffs totaled $345 million from 1861 through 1865.

The tariff act of 1842 had a significant impact on railroad building. The duty of $17/ton of hammered bar iron and $25/ton of rolled bar iron raised costs by 50 to 80%. The Walker tariff of 1846 reduced the duty to 30% and set off a railroad building boom in the 1850s.

title: Walker tariff