text:
1705

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Sunday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

January–March

 * January 8 – George Frideric Handel's first opera, Almira, is premiered in Hamburg.
 * January 31 – The Hester, a British 28-gun sailing ship with a crew of 70, is lost in Persia.
 * February 7 – The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar begins as Marshal René de Froulay de Tessé of the French Army supplements the Spanish forces of the Marquis of Villadarias and seizes control of a strategic fortress, the Round Tower, but the forces retreat after a counterattack kills 200 of their number in the retaking of the Tower
 * February 25 – George Frideric Handel's opera Nero premieres in Hamburg.
 * February 26 – A French Navy fleet of 18 warships, commanded by Admiral Desjean, the Baron de Pointis arrives in the Bay of Gibraltar to aid the French and Spanish attempt to retake Gibraltar from England.
 * March 8 – The Province of Carolina incorporates the town of Bath, making it the first incorporated town in present-day North Carolina. The town becomes the political center and de facto capital of the northern portion of the Province of Carolina, until Edenton is incorporated in 1722.
 * March 14 – Queen Anne gives royal assent to the Alien Act 1705, setting a deadline of December 25, 1705, for Scotland's parliament to authorize negotiations for the union with England to create the Kingdom of Great Britain and, if Scotland fails to do so, to declare all Scots in England to be arrested and detained as illegal aliens until union is achieved.
 * March 31 (March 20 O.S.) – The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar ends as a fleet of warships from the navies of England, Portugal and the Netherlands, commanded by English Admiral John Leake, arrives at the Bay of Gibraltar with 35 warships and English and Portuguese troops. In the battle that follows, five of the French Navy's ships are sunk and Admiral Desjean is seriously wounded, forcing the French and Spanish to retreat.

April–June

 * April 5 – Anne, Queen of England dissolves the English House of Commons that had been elected in 1702, and orders new elections.
 * April 9 – The Queen's Theatre opens in Westminster to serve as an opera house, premiering with Gli amori di ergasto ("The Loves of Ergasto"), an Italian language opera by German composer Jakob "Giacomo" Greber. It remains in operation for more than 300 years, becoming Her Majesty's Theatre.
 * April 16 – Queen Anne of England honours Isaac Newton with a Knight Bachelor.
 * May 5 – Joseph I succeeds his father Leopold I as the Holy Roman Emperor.
 * May 7 – Voting begins for 110 constituencies of the 513-member House of Commons of England (including Wales)
 * June 6 – Voting ends in the election of the English House of Commons, with the Tories retaining their majority but losing 38 seats, while the Whigs gain 49 seats. The balance in the 513 seats is 260 for the Tories, 233 for the Whigs, 20 for other candidates.
 * June 20 – The Pact of Genoa is signed by representatives of England and the Spanish Principality of Catalonia as a military alliance providing for English troops to be stationed in Catalonia as part of the War of Spanish Succession.

July–September

 * July 11 – José de Grimaldo, the Marquis of Grimaldo, becomes the head of government of Spain after being appointed by King Philip V as the Secretary of the Universal Bureau
 * July 14 – The newly-elected English House of Commons, last to serve before the union with Scotland that produces Great Britain, is opened by Queen Anne.
 * July 15 – Al-Husayn I ibn Ali becomes the first Bey of Tunis, founding the Husainid Dynasty that rules Tunisia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1957
 * July 18 – War of the Spanish Succession: At the Battle of Elixheim, near the city of Tienen (in modern-day Belgium), is fought, as an exhausted group of soldiers under the command of England's Duke of Marlborough kills 3,000 French troops under the command of the Duc de Valleroy, and forces the retreat of the others, breaking the "Lines of Brabant". Because his soldiers had marched all night and then fought the battle over a full day, Marlborough is unable to send them in pursuit of Villeroy's troops.
 * July 20 – The planet Mercury transits Jupiter, as seen by astronomers from Earth. The event happens again on October 4, 1708, but will not be seen again from Earth until October 27, 2088
 * July 26 – Great Northern War: At the Battle of Gemauerthof, fought in modern-day Latvia, Swedish forces under the command of General Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt overwhelm a much larger force of Russian troops commanded by Count Boris Sheremetev, killing 2,000 Russians and wounding as many as 3,000.
 * July 31 – The Battle of Warsaw is fought near Warsaw, Poland in the Great Northern War.
 * August 16–18 – In an Atlantic tropical cyclone across Cuba and Florida, four ships are lost and there are many casualties.
 * August 31–September 5 – War of the Spanish Succession: The Siege of Zoutleeuw is carried out by the alliance of Dutch, English, Scottish and Holy Roman Empire troops against the French-held fortress of Zoutleeuw (in modern-day Belgium)
 * September 17 – First Javanese War of Succession: On the island of Java in the Dutch East Indies (modern-day Indonesia), Pakubuwono I becomes the new Sultan of Martaram, capturing Kartosuro and deposing Sultan Amangkurat III.
 * September 20 – Francis II Rákóczi is proclaimed as the ruler of Hungary by independence activists in Szécsény who are opposed to the rule of the Habsburg successor to Leopold I, the Holy Roman emperor Joseph I.
 * September 24 (O.S.) – Stanisław Leszczyński is crowned as King of Poland.

October–December

 * October 3 – Thirty-one people are killed in a colliery explosion at the Stony Flatt pit in Gateshead, Northumberland, England.
 * October 4 (N.S.) – Stanisław Leszczyński is crowned Stanisław I of Poland.
 * November – In Williamsburg, capital of the Colony of Virginia in America, construction of the Capitol Building is completed.
 * November 5 – The Dublin Gazette of Ireland publishes its first edition.
 * November 15 – Battle of Zsibó: The Austrian-Danish forces defeat the Kurucs (Hungarians).
 * November 16 – An annular solar eclipse is visible in the southern Atlantic Ocean.
 * November 23 – The premiere of the play Ulysses by Nicholas Rowe takes place in London.
 * November 24 – An earthquake is recorded in Syria, northeast of Damascus.
 * November 28 – The Treaty of Warsaw was concluded between the Swedish Empire and the faction of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth loyal to Stanisław Leszczyński during the Great Northern War.
 * December – The Sophia Naturalization Act is passed by the English Parliament, which naturalizes Sophia of Hanover and the "issue of her body" as English subjects.
 * December 13 – In the Battle of Saint Gotthard, the Hungarian army is victorious.
 * December 25 – In Munich, capital of Bavaria, 1,100 militiamen from the Oberland are killed during the Sendlinger Mordweihnacht, after a failed attempt to break through several gates and capture a depot to seize better weaponry; many men were slaughtered by German federal infantry and Hungarian Hussars, despite their capitulation to Austrian officers.
 * December 26 – Fateh Singh and Zorawar Singh, sons of Guru Gobind Singh, are murdered by Wazir Khan for refusing to convert to Islam, and become hallowed martyrs in Sikhism.
 * December 29 – The premiere of the play Idoménée by Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon takes place in Paris.

Date unknown

 * Construction begins on Blenheim Palace, in Oxfordshire, England; it is completed in 1724.
 * Taichung City, Taiwan is founded as the village of Dadun.
 * With the interest paid from daimyō loans, the Konoike buy a tract of ponds and swampland, turn the land into rice paddies, and settle 480 households numbering perhaps 2,880 peasants on the land.
 * The Shogunate confiscates the property of a merchant in Osaka "for conduct unbecoming a member of the commercial class". The government seizes 50 pairs of gold screens, 360 carpets, several mansions, 48 granaries and warehouses scattered around the country, and hundreds of thousands of gold pieces.

January–March

 * January 1 – Charles Chauncy, American Congregational clergyman (d. 1787)
 * January 5 – John Stanhope, English Member of Parliament (d. 1748)
 * January 8 – Jacques-François Blondel, French architect and teacher (d. 1774)
 * January 14 – Jean-Baptiste Charles Bouvet de Lozier, French governor of the Mascarene Islands (d. 1786)
 * January 15 – Ludwig Gruno of Hesse-Homburg (d. 1745)
 * January 21 – Isaac Hawkins Browne, English poet (d. 1760)
 * January 24 – Farinelli, Italian castrato (d. 1782)
 * January 28 – Reverend Joseph Fish, pastor in the British North American colonies (d. 1781)
 * February 3 – John Robinson, politician, landowner in the British colony of Virginia (d. 1766)
 * February 13 – Franciszka Urszula Radziwiłłowa, Polish writer and playwright (d. 1753)
 * February 15 – Charles-André van Loo, French painter (d. 1765)
 * February 20 – Nicolas Chédeville, French composer (d. 1782)
 * February 21 – Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1781)
 * February 24 – Hieronymus David Gaubius, German physician and chemist (d. 1780)
 * February 25 – Edward Ironside, British banker, Lord Mayor of London in 1753 (d. 1753)
 * February 27 – Peter Artedi, Swedish naturalist, known as the "father of ichthyology" (d. 1735)
 * March 2 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician (d. 1793)
 * March 8 – Margrethe Marie Thomasine Numsen, Danish courtier (d. 1776)
 * March 9 – Tommaso Temanza, Italian architect and author of the Neoclassic period (d. 1789)
 * March 12 – Noël Jourda de Vaux, French noble and general (d. 1788)
 * March 18 – Jeremias Van Rensselaer, 6th patroon of Rensselaerwyck, eldest son of Kiliaen van Rensselaer and Maria van Cortlandt (d. 1743)
 * March 20 – Johann Sigismund Scholze, Silesian music anthologist and poet (d. 1750)
 * March 21 – Lorenz Natter, German gem-engraver and medallist (d. 1763)
 * March 22 – Nicolas-Sébastien Adam, French sculptor (d. 1778)
 * March 30 – August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof, German miniature painter (d. 1759)
 * March 31 – Sophie Caroline of Brandenburg-Kulmbach, princess consort of Ostfriesland as the spouse of Prince George Albert (d. 1764)

April–June

 * April 7 – Sir Edward O'Brien, 2nd Baronet (d. 1765)
 * April 9 – Nathan Webb (d. 1772)
 * April 12 – William Cookworthy, English Quaker minister (d. 1780)
 * April 19 – Claes Grill, Swedish merchant (d. 1767)
 * April 21 – Jean-Pierre Aulneau, Jesuit missionary priest, briefly active in New France (d. 1736)
 * April 23 – Erasmus James Philipps, serving member on Nova Scotia Council (1730–1760) (d. 1760)
 * May 1 – Nathaniel Elliot, English Jesuit scholar (d. 1780)
 * May 5 – John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun, Scottish nobleman and army officer (d. 1782)
 * May 6 – Christian Gärtner, German telescope maker and astronomer (d. 1782)
 * May 8 – António José da Silva, Portuguese dramatist born in colonial Brazil (d. 1739)
 * May 10 – Alexander Luttrell (d. 1737)
 * May 13 – Johan Lorentz Castenschiold, Dutch-Danish landowner who was ennobled (d. 1747)
 * June 1 – Carl Marcus Tuscher, German-born Danish polymath (d. 1751)
 * June 9
 * Jan Paweł Biretowski (d. 1781)
 * Francis Blackburne, English Anglican churchman and activist (d. 1787)
 * June 10 – Charles Frederick Albert, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt (d. 1762)
 * June 21 – Samuel Edwards, American silversmith (d. 1762)

July–September

 * July 1 – Sir Alexander Grant, 5th Baronet (d. 1772)
 * July 23 – Francis Blomefield, English antiquarian (d. 1752)
 * August 8 – Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff, Dutch colonial administrator for the Dutch East India Company (VOC) (d. 1750)
 * August 12 – Jonathan Clarke, American silversmith active in Newport (d. 1770)
 * August 15 – Joseph Wanton, merchant, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1780)
 * August 18
 * Emanuel Büchel, Swiss painter (d. 1775)
 * Louis Phélypeaux, comte de Saint-Florentin (d. 1777)
 * August 20
 * James Balfour, philosopher (d. 1795)
 * Henry Bromley, 1st Baron Montfort (d. 1755)
 * August 30 – David Hartley, English philosopher (d. 1757)
 * September 2 – Abraham Tucker, English country gentleman (d. 1774)
 * September 5 – Élisabeth Alexandrine de Bourbon, French princess of the blood (d. 1765)
 * September 7 – Matthäus Günther, German painter and artist of the Baroque and Rococo era (d. 1788)
 * September 19
 * Marguerite-Antoinette Couperin, French harpsichordist (d. 1778)
 * William Craven, 5th Baron Craven, English nobleman and Member of Parliament (d. 1769)
 * September 23 – Joseph, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Rotenburg (d. 1744)
 * September 24 – Leopold Josef Graf Daun, Austrian field marshal (d. 1766)
 * September 28
 * Henry Fox, 1st Baron Holland, English statesman (d. 1774)
 * Johann Peter Kellner, German organist and composer (d. 1772)

October–December

 * October 3 – Jacques-Joachim Trotti, marquis de La Chétardie, French diplomat who engineered the coup d'état that brought Elizaveta Petrovna to the Russian throne in 1741 (d. 1759)
 * October 8 – Yakov Shakhovskoy (d. 1777)
 * October 12 – Emmanuel Héré de Corny, court architect to Stanisław Leszczyński (d. 1763)
 * October 23 – Maximilian Ulysses Browne, Austrian military officer (d. 1757)
 * October 25 – Johann Friedrich Endersch, German cartographer and mathematician (d. 1769)
 * October 31 – Pope Clement XIV (d. 1774)
 * November 1 – Antoine Terrasson, French author (d. 1782)
 * November 4 – Louis-Élisabeth de La Vergne de Tressan, French soldier (d. 1783)
 * November 5
 * William Baker, English merchant and politician (d. 1770)
 * Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, French composer and violinist (d. 1770)
 * November 15 – Sir Halswell Tynte, 3rd Baronet (d. 1730)
 * November 17 – Andrea Casali (d. 1784)
 * November 23 – Thomas Birch, English historian (d. 1766)
 * November 24 – Christian Moritz Graf Königsegg und Rothenfels (d. 1778)
 * November 29 – Michael Christian Festing, English violinist and composer (d. 1752)
 * November 30 – Jonathan Parsons, Christian New England clergyman during the late colonial period, supporter of the American Revolution (d. 1776)
 * December 6 – Andrés de la Calleja, Spanish painter (d. 1785)
 * December 9 – Faustina Pignatelli (d. 1785)
 * December 14
 * Wiguläus von Kreittmayr, Bavarian jurist and public official (d. 1790)
 * Queen Seonui, wife and Queen Consort of King Gyeongjong of Joseon (d. 1730)
 * December 20
 * George Fothergill (d. 1760)
 * Antonio Palomba, Italian opera librettist (d. 1769)
 * December 27 – Prince Frederick Henry Eugen of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1781)
 * December 30 – Georg Wolfgang Knorr, German engraver and naturalist (d. 1761)
 * date unknown – Dick Turpin, English highwayman (d. 1739)
 * date unknown – Faustina Pignatelli, Italian mathematician (b. 1785)

January–March

 * January 7 – Giovanni Battista Spínola, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Genoa (1694–1705) (b. 1625)
 * January 10 – Johannes van Haensbergen, Dutch Golden Age painter (b. 1642)
 * January 12 – Luca Giordano, Italian artist (b. 1634)
 * January 14 – Madame d'Aulnoy (b. 1650)
 * January 17 – John Ray, English naturalist (b. 1627)
 * January 21 – Claude-François Ménestrier, French heraldist, Jesuit, courtier (b. 1631)
 * February 1 – Sophia Charlotte of Hanover, first Queen consort in Prussia as wife of King Frederick I (b. 1668)
 * February 5 – Philipp Spener, German Christian theologian known as the Father of Pietism (b. 1635)
 * February 13 – Charles Auger, French colonial administrator (b. 1644)
 * February 15 – Jean-Baptiste de Gennes (b. 1656)
 * February 18 – William "Tangier" Smith, Moroccan mayor (b. 1655)
 * March 10 – John Temple, Irish politician (b. 1632)
 * March 13 – Curt Christoph von Koppelow (b. 1624)
 * March 22 – Christian Heinrich Postel, German jurist (b. 1658)

April–June

 * April 2 – John Howe, English Puritan theologian (b. 1630)
 * April 5 – Itō Jinsai, Japanese philosopher (b. 1627)
 * April 6 – Odoardo Cibo, Roman Catholic prelate and Titular Patriarch of Constantinople (1689–1705) (b. 1619)
 * April 17 – Uldericus Nardi, Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Bagnoregio (1698–1705) (b. 1637)
 * May 5
 * Johann Ernst Glück, German theologian, translator (b. 1652)
 * Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1640)
 * June 10 – Michael Wigglesworth, Puritan minister (b. 1631)

July–September

 * July 5 – Alonso Antonio de San Martín, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Cuenca (1681–1705) and Bishop of Oviedo (1675–1681) (b. 1642)
 * July 13 – Titus Oates, English priest who fabricated the "Popish Plot" (b. 1649)
 * July 27 – Elizabeth Wilbraham (b. 1632)
 * July 30 – Nathaniel Felton, landowner in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and served as a juryman (b. 1615)
 * July 31
 * Lucio Borghesi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Chiusi (1682–1705) (b. 1642)
 * Maria Hueber, Catholic nun (b. 1653)
 * August 6 – Johann Ferdinand of Auersperg, second Prince of Auersperg and Duke of Silesia-Münsterberg from 1677 until his death (b. 1655)
 * August 13 – Françoise-Marguerite de Sévigné, French aristocrat (b. 1646)
 * August 16 – Jacob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (b. 1654)
 * August 28
 * Ludvig Stoud, Danish-Norwegian theologian and priest (b. 1649)
 * George William, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (b. 1624)
 * September 2 – Giacinto Camillo Maradei, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Policastro (1696–(b. 1636)
 * September 4 – Peter Barwick, English physician and author (b. 1619)
 * September 12 – Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1634)
 * September 13
 * Albert Angell, Norwegian civil servant (b. 1660)
 * Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt, Field Marshal in the Austrian army (b. 1669)
 * Emeric Thököly, Hungarian nobleman (b. 1657)
 * September 17 – Gregorio Compagni, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Larino (1703–1705) and Bishop of Sansepolcro (1696–1705) (b. 1640)
 * September 26 – Tommaso d'Aquino, bishop of Sessa Aurunca (b. 1635)
 * September 30 – Anne Camm, early British Quaker preacher (b. 1627)

October–December

 * October 9 – Johann Christoph Wagenseil, German Christian Hebraist (b. 1633)
 * October 11 – Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663)
 * October 17 – Ninon de l'Enclos, French author (b. 1620)
 * October 27 – Thyrsus González de Santalla, Spanish theologian, 13th Superior General of the Society of Jesus (b. 1624)
 * November 6 – John Platt, American settler (b. 1632)
 * November 10 – Justine Siegemund, German midwife (b. 1636)
 * November 15 – Margravine Dorothea Charlotte of Brandenburg-Ansbach, German noblewoman (b. 1661)
 * November 21 – John Deming, early Puritan settler and original patentee of the Connecticut Colony (b. c. 1615)
 * November 23 – Prince William of Denmark, youngest son of Christian V of Denmark and Charlotte Amalie of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1687)
 * December 7 – William Lowther, English landowner and politician (b. 1639)
 * December 12 – John Easton, political leader in the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (b. 1624)
 * December 18 – Valentin Stansel, Czech Jesuit astronomer who worked in Brazil (b. 1621)
 * December 22 – Bhai Bachittar Singh, Indian Sikh martyr (b. 1664)
 * December 23 – Princess Luise Dorothea of Prussia (b. 1680)
 * December 26 – Fateh Singh, fourth and youngest son of Guru Gobind Singh (b. 1697)
 * December 31 – Catherine of Braganza, widowed queen consort of Charles II of England and regent of Portugal (b. 1638)
 * date unknown –  Meg Shelton, alleged witch from Lancashire

title: 1705


text:
1702

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Wednesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

It also happens to be the most common answer provided by Rabih Elawar during Inspectify's weekly Launch call.

January–March

 * January 2 – A total solar eclipse is visible from the southern Pacific Ocean.
 * January 12 – In North America, ships from Fort Maurepas arrive at Twenty-Seven Mile Bluff, to build Fort Louis de la Mobile (future Mobile, Alabama), to become the capital of French Louisiana.
 * February 1 – The Duc de Villeroy, commander of the French Army, is taken as a prisoner of war by the Austrian Army during the Battle of Cremona
 * March 3 (February 20 O.S.) – King William III of England is fatally injured in an accident when he is thrown from his horse, "Sorrel", while riding in Hampton Court Park near London. Already in poor health before the accident, he dies from his injuries 16 days later at the age of 51.
 * March 14 – An earthquake in the middle of the Calore valley in Italy, east of Benevento, kills 400 people.
 * March 19 (March 8 Old Style) – Princess Anne Stuart, daughter of the late King James II and younger sister of his successor, Mary II of England (who had reigned jointly with her husband, William III, as "William and Mary" until her death in 1694), ascends the English, Scottish and Irish thrones upon William's death. In her first speech to the English Parliament, made three days later, she tells the assembly "As I know my heart to be entirely English, I can very sincerely assure you there is not anything you can expect or desire from me which I shall not be ready to do for the happiness and prosperity of England." Anne is the mother of 17 children by her husband, Prince George of Denmark and Norway, but none will survive childhood, and she will die without an heir, bringing an end to the reign of the House of Stuart and enabling the Hanoverian Succession. After the death of William, the States General of the Netherlands do not appoint a new stadtholder, and so the Dutch Republic becomes a true republic again.
 * March 22 (March 11 Old Style) – The first regular English-language national newspaper, The Daily Courant, begins publication on Fleet Street in the City of London; it covers only foreign news.
 * March 24 – Battle of Darsūniškis: The Swedish army of about 240 men, under the command of Alexander Hummerhielm, is defeated by the Polish–Saxon army of 6,000 men, under Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki.

April–June

 * April 3 – The Dutch East India Company ship Merestein strikes rocks and sinks in Saldanha Bay off Jutten Island, Africa with the loss of 101 of the 200 people on board.
 * April 14 – Volcanic eruption of Changbaishan volcano (also known as Paektu Mountain) takes place.
 * April 15 – The British Province of New Jersey, encompassing all of the modern-day U.S. state of New Jersey and portions of New York, is created as proprietary owners in the provinces of East Jersey and West Jersey surrender their rights to the Crown.
 * April 20 – Comet C/1702 H1 is discovered and passes within 0.0435 AU (a little more than four million miles or 6.5 million km) of the Earth.
 * April 24 – The first two missionaries from the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts set sail from England to North America.
 * May 5 – Globular cluster Messier 5 (M5, NGC 5904) is discovered by Gottfried Kirch and his wife Maria Margarethe.
 * May 6 – Cloudesley Shovell is promoted to full admiral in the English navy.
 * May 14 (N.S.) – War of the Spanish Succession: War is declared on France by the Grand Alliance (Kingdom of England, Dutch Republic and Holy Roman Empire).
 * May 15 (May 4 O.S.) – King Charles XII of Sweden and his troops walk unopposed into Warsaw after troops capture the city.
 * May 16 – Much of the city of Uppsala, Sweden is destroyed by fire.
 * May 19 – Over 90% of the city of Bergen, Norway is destroyed and reduced to ashes in a Great Fire.
 * June 2 – English General John Churchill, later the Duke of Marlborough, takes command of the alliance of English, Dutch and German troops in the War of the Spanish Succession.
 * June 11 – Anglo-Dutch forces skirmish with French forces before the walls of Nijmegen and prevent its fall.
 * June 15 – Queen Anne's Captain-General, John Churchill, forces the surrender of Kaiserswerth on the Rhine after a siege that began on April 18.
 * June 16 – the English East India Company founds a settlement on Pulo Condore (now called Côn Sơn Island) off the coast of southern Vietnam as an entrepôt for ships travelling between India and China.
 * June 25 – The premiere of the opera L'Offendere per amore overo la Telesilla by Johann Joseph Fux takes place in Vienna.

July–September

 * July 19 (July 8 O.S.; July 9 Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War – Battle of Klissow: Charles XII of Sweden decisively defeats the Polish–Lithuanian-Saxon army.
 * July 23 – The first performance of the opera Médus, roi des Mèdes by François Bouvard takes place at the Paris Opera.
 * July 24
 * Camisard hostilities begin in France with the assassination at le Pont-de-Montvert of a local embodiment of royal oppression, François Langlade, the Abbé of Chaila.
 * A total eclipse of the sun is visible on a path crossing the northern Pacific Ocean and Central America.
 * July 30 (July 19 O.S.; July 20 Swedish calendar) – Great Northern War – Battle of Hummelshof: Russia defeats Sweden.
 * August 11 – Great Northern War: Częstochowa, Poland, is captured by the Swedish army.
 * September 19 – Jupiter occults Neptune.
 * September 25 – General John Churchill forces the surrender of Venlo on the Meuse River.

October–December

 * October 1 – The founding deed of the University of Wrocław is signed by the Holy Roman Emperor Leopold I of the House of Austria, King of Hungary and Bohemia.
 * October 7 – Russian troops besiege the Swedish fortress of Nöteborg, and capture it after 15 days.
 * October 12 – Sir George Rooke fails in his initial attempt to take Cadiz, but captures a Spanish treasure fleet and destroys French and Spanish warships.
 * October 14 – The Battle of Friedlingen takes place between France and the Holy Roman Empire.
 * October 18 – Battle of Flint River: Spanish and Apalachee Indian forces fail in their attack against Creek Indians, supported by English traders, in what is now the state of Georgia.
 * October 19 – The opera Der Sieg der fruchtbaren Pomona by Reinhard Keiser is premiered at the Hamburg Opera for the birthday of King Frederick IV of Denmark.
 * October 23
 * Battle of Vigo Bay: English and Dutch forces capture the defended harbor of Cádiz.
 * Churchill forces the surrender of Liège.
 * October 27 – English troops plunder St. Augustine, Spanish Florida.
 * October 28 – Sieur Juchereau, Lieutenant General of Montréal, establishes the first trading post on the Wabash River in order to trade Buffalo hides with American Indians. The site of the trading post may be the modern-day location of Vincennes, Indiana.
 * November 7 – The first performance of the opera Tancrède by André Campra takes place at the Théâtre du Palais-Royal in Paris.
 * November 10 – Queen Anne's War in North America: The Siege of St. Augustine opens; English forces besiege St. Augustine, Spanish Florida.
 * November 15 – The opera La Clemenza d'Augusto by Johann Joseph Fux is premiered in Vienna.
 * November 22 – The Dutch East India Company pinnace Amsterdam founders en route to Basra from Bombay during a storm. All hands are lost.
 * December 14 – John Churchill is created duke of Marlborough.
 * December 30 – The Siege of St. Augustine in Spanish Florida is lifted.

Date unknown

 * The travel diary Oku no Hosomichi (meaning "Narrow road to/of the interior"), a major work of haibun by the Japanese poet Matsuo Bashō and one of the major texts of Japanese literature of the Edo period, is published eight years after Bashō's death.
 * Delaware is designated a separate colony.
 * Richard Bentley at Cambridge in England introduces the first written (as opposed to oral) competitive examinations in a Western university.

January–March

 * January 2 – Nabeshima Naotsune, Japanese daimyō (d. 1749)
 * January 6
 * Johann Adam von Ickstatt, German educator and director of the University of Ingolstadt (d. 1776)
 * José de Nebra, Spanish composer (d. 1768)
 * January 10 – Johannes Zick, German fresco painter (d. 1762)
 * January 12
 * Jacques Aved, French painter and Rococo portraitist (d. 1766)
 * Józef Andrzej Załuski, Polish Catholic priest (d. 1774)
 * January 13 – Thomas Arthur, comte de Lally, French general of Irish Jacobite ancestry (d. 1766)
 * January 14 – Emperor Nakamikado, of Japan (d. 1737)
 * January 18 – Sava II Petrović-Njegoš, Metropolitan of Cetinje (d. 1782)
 * January 24 – Frederica Henriette of Anhalt-Bernburg, member of the House of Ascania by birth and Princess of Anhalt-Köthen by marriage (d. 1723)
 * January 26 – Johann Caspar Scheuchzer, Swiss naturalist (d. 1729)
 * January 31 – Alan Brodrick, 2nd Viscount Midleton, English cricketer (d. 1747)
 * February 3
 * Michael Adelbulner, German mathematician (d. 1779)
 * Giovanni Battista Vaccarini, Italian architect (d. 1768)
 * February 6 – Giovanni Carmine Pellerano, Italian Catholic prelate, member of the Knights Hospitaller (d. 1783)
 * February 7 – Carl August Thielo, Danish composer (d. 1763)
 * February 10
 * Jean-Pierre Guignon, Franco-Italian composer and violinist (d. 1774)
 * Carlo Marchionni, Italian architect (d. 1786)
 * February 12 – Robert Hale, Massachusetts physician, soldier (d. 1767)
 * February 26 – Rasmus Paludan, Norwegian theologian and priest (d. 1759)
 * February 27
 * Enrichetta d'Este, Duchess of Parma (d. 1777)
 * Johann Valentin Görner, German composer (d. 1762)
 * March 2
 * Henrietta Maria of Brandenburg-Schwedt, granddaughter of the "Great Elector" Frederick William (d. 1782)
 * Charles Stourton, 15th Baron Stourton, son of Charles Stourton (1669–1739) (d. 1753)
 * March 4 – Jack Sheppard, British burglar and escaper (d. 1724)
 * March 13 – Burkat Shudi, English harpsichord maker of Swiss origin (d. 1773)
 * March 19 – Thomas Penn, son of American colonial leader William Penn (d. 1775)
 * March 21 – Bento de Moura Portugal (d. 1766)
 * March 22 – Matthias de Visch, Flemish painter of history paintings and portraits (d. 1765)
 * March 25 – Pieter Teyler van der Hulst, wealthy Dutch Mennonite merchant and banker (d. 1778)
 * March 27 – Johann Ernst Eberlin, German composer and organist (d. 1762)
 * March 28 – Ignacio de Luzán, Spanish critic and poet (d. 1754)
 * March 29 – Cesare Sportelli, Italian Roman Catholic Redemptorist lawyer (d. 1750)
 * March 31 – Barthélemy-Christophe Fagan, French playwright (d. 1755)

April–June

 * April 5
 * Stephen Leake, English numismatist, officer of arms at the College of Arms in London (d. 1773)
 * Solomon Lombard (d. 1781)
 * April 7 – William Rawlinson Earle (d. 1774)
 * April 10 – Jonathan Tyers (d. 1767)
 * April 16 – Juan de Balmaseda y Censano Beltrán (d. 1778)
 * April 20 – Zenón de Somodevilla, 1st Marquess of Ensenada, Spanish noble (d. 1781)
 * May 2 – Friedrich Christoph Oetinger, German Lutheran theologian and theosopher (d. 1782)
 * May 3 – John St John, 2nd Viscount St John (d. 1748)
 * May 8 – Andrew Lauder, Burgess of the Royal Burgh of Lauder (1737) (d. 1769)
 * May 10 – Abraham Lehn, Danish landowner (d. 1757)
 * May 11 – Isaac Greenwood, American mathematician (d. 1745)
 * May 12 – Louis Philogène Brûlart, vicomte de Puisieulx, French foreign minister (d. 1770)
 * May 16 – George Nevill, 14th Baron Bergavenny (d. 1723)
 * May 21 – John Rous, Royal Navy officer during King George's War and the Seven Years' War (d. 1760)
 * May 24 – Joseph Friedrich Ernst, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, fifth Prince (d. 1769)
 * June 1 – John Hancock Jr., colonial American clergyman, father of politician John Hancock (d. 1744)
 * June 5
 * Frederik Arentz, Lutheran bishop of Bjørgvin from 1762 to 1774 (d. 1779)
 * Willem van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle (d. 1754)
 * June 7 – Louis George, Margrave of Baden-Baden from 1707 until his death (d. 1761)
 * June 9 – William Townshend, British Member of Parliament (d. 1738)
 * June 13 – Michał Kazimierz "Rybeńko" Radziwiłł, Polish-Lithuanian noble (d. 1762)
 * June 19 – Frederick Augustus Rutowsky, German general (d. 1764)
 * June 26 – Philip Doddridge, English religious leader (d. 1751)
 * June 30 – Elizabeth Timothy, colonial American printer and newspaper publisher in South Carolina who worked for Benjamin Franklin (d. 1757)

July–September

 * July 6 – Franz Anton Maichelbeck, German organist and composer (d. 1750)
 * July 18 – Maria Clementina Sobieska, Polish noble (d. 1735)
 * July 19 – Philemon Ewer, English shipbuilder (d. 1750)
 * July 20 – Christian Siegmund Georgi, evangelical theologian at Wittenberg, Germany (d. 1771)
 * July 22 – Alessandro Besozzi, Italian composer and virtuoso oboist (d. 1793)
 * July 31 – Jean Denis Attiret, French Jesuit missionary and painter (d. 1768)
 * August 2 – Dietrich of Anhalt-Dessau, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1769)
 * August 3
 * Sir Walter Bagot, 5th Baronet (d. 1768)
 * George Rooke, priest (d. 1754)
 * August 7 – Muhammad Shah, Mughal emperor of India (d. 1748)
 * August 14 – Philip Carteret Webb, English barrister (d. 1770)
 * August 16 – Roque Joaquín de Alcubierre, military engineer in the Spanish Army, discovered architectural remains at Pompeii and Herculaneum (d. 1780)
 * August 26
 * George Carpenter, 2nd Baron Carpenter, of England (d. 1749)
 * Judith Madan, English poet (d. 1781)
 * August 28 – Jean Philippe d'Orléans, illegitimate son of future French regent Philippe d'Orleans (d. 1748)
 * August 31 – Louis-François Roubiliac, French sculptor who worked in England (d. 1762)
 * September 2 – John Evans, Welsh Anglican cleric (d. 1782)
 * September 4 – Legall de Kermeur, French chess player (d. 1792)
 * September 6 – Joseph Bonnier de la Mosson, French aristocrat (d. 1744)
 * September 12
 * Robert Hazard, Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (d. 1751)
 * Januarius Maria Sarnelli, Beatified Italian (d. 1746)
 * September 14
 * Ercole Lelli, Italian painter of the late-Baroque (d. 1766)
 * Adriana Maas, Dutch stage actress (d. 1746)
 * September 20 – Francesco Serao, Italian physician (d. 1783)

October–December

 * October 4
 * John Lindsay, 20th Earl of Crawford, British Army general (d. 1749)
 * Honoré Armand de Villars, French nobleman, soldier, politician (d. 1770)
 * October 5 – Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen, German prince (d. 1787)
 * October 22 – Frédéric Maurice Casimir de La Tour d'Auvergne, French prince (d. 1723)
 * October 25 – Christoph II von Dohna, Prussian general (d. 1762)
 * October 29 – Tako Hajo Jelgersma, Dutch painter (d. 1795)
 * November 5 – Grégoire Orlyk, Ukrainian-born French Lieutenant General (d. 1759)
 * November 6 – Josias Weitbrecht, German professor of medicine and anatomy in Russia (d. 1747)
 * November 7 – Abhai Singh of Marwar, Raja of Marwar (Jodhpur) Kingdom (r (d. 1749)
 * November 9 – Jacques-Georges Chauffepié, French biographer, Calvinist minister and preacher (d. 1786)
 * November 13 – Dominic Vallarsi, Italian priest (d. 1771)
 * November 14 – Francis Gashry (d. 1762)
 * November 20
 * Townsend Andrews (d. 1737)
 * Winchcomb Packer (d. 1746)
 * Apollos Rivoire (d. 1754)
 * December 14 – Stephen Sewall, judge in colonial Massachusetts (d. 1760)
 * December 17
 * Robert Knight, 1st Earl of Catherlough, Member of the British Parliament (d. 1772)
 * Marguerite de Lubert, French woman of letters (d. 1785)
 * December 21 – Tommaso Crudeli, Florentine free thinker who was imprisoned by the Roman Inquisition (d. 1745)
 * December 22 – Jean-Étienne Liotard, French painter (d. 1789)

Date unknown

 * Margareta Momma, Swedish writer, journalist and editor (d. 1772)
 * Giuseppa Barbapiccola, Italian natural philosopher, poet and translator (d. 1740)

Deaths

 * January 2 – Christian Adolf I, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Franzhagen, German nobleman (b. 1641)
 * January 7 – Ernst von Trautson, Austrian Roman Catholic clergyman who was Prince-Bishop of Vienna (b. 1633)
 * January 17 – Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski, Polish noble (b. 1642)
 * February 16 – John Milner, English clergyman (b. 1628)
 * February 17 – Peder Syv, Danish historian (b. 1631)
 * February 27 – Münejjim Bashi, Ottoman astrologer, Sufi, and historian
 * March 2 – Giuseppe de Lazzara, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Alife (1676–1702) (b. 1626)
 * March 4 – Ignatius Gregory Peter VI Shahbaddin, Patriarch of the Syriac Catholic Church from 1678 to 1702 (b. c. 1641)
 * March 8
 * (buried) Jan de Baen, Dutch portrait painter (b. 1633)
 * King William III of England, Scotland and Ireland (b. 1650)
 * March 18 – Johannes Rothe, Dutch preacher (b. 1628)
 * March 23 – Joseph Oriol, Spanish Catholic priest, saint (b. 1650)
 * March 24 – Sir James Clavering, 1st Baronet, English landowner (b. 1620)
 * April 2 – Iver Leganger, Norwegian priest, non-fiction writer (b. 1629)
 * April 3
 * Sir Henry Goring, 2nd Baronet, English politician (b. 1622)
 * Stanisław Jan Jabłonowski, Polish nobleman (b. 1634)
 * April 12 – Paul Mezger, Austrian Benedictine theologian and academic (b. 1637)
 * April 20 – Anna Talbot, Countess of Shrewsbury, English countess (b. 1642)
 * April 22 – François Charpentier, French archaeologist and man of letters (b. 1620)
 * April 23 – Margaret Fell, English Quaker leader (b. 1614)
 * April 27
 * Jean Bart, French naval commander and privateer (b. 1650)
 * Emich Christian of Leiningen-Dagsburg, count (b. 1642)
 * May 10 – Antonio Gherardi, Italian painter (b. 1638)
 * May 14 – Marc Hyacinthe de Rosmadec, French naval officer, appointed governor general of the French Antilles but died before taking office (b. 1635)
 * May 17 – Jan Wyck, Dutch military painter (b. 1645)
 * May 26 – Zeb-un-Nissa, Mughal princess and poet, imprisoned by her father for the last 20 years of her life (b. 1638)
 * May 27 – Dominique Bouhours, French critic (b. 1628)
 * June 1 – François Provost, career soldier from France who served in New France in 1665 (b. 1638)
 * June 2 – John Moore, Member of Parliament for the City of London (b. 1620)
 * June 7 – Benedetto Giacinto Sangermano, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nusco (1680–1702) (b. 1638)
 * June 20
 * John Leyburn, English Roman Catholic bishop, Vicar Apostolic of England (b. 1615)
 * Ippolito Vicentini, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Rieti (1670–1702) (b. 1638)
 * July 12 – Nanbu Shigenobu, Edo period Japanese samurai (b. 1616)
 * July 19 – Frederick IV, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (b. 1671)
 * July 26 – Vincent van der Vinne, Dutch Mennonite painter (b. 1628)
 * August 1 – Sir William Courtenay, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1628)
 * August 8 – Callinicus II of Constantinople, Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople (b. 1630)
 * August 14 – Louis Thomas, Count of Soissons and Prince of Savoy (b. 1657)
 * August 15 – Charles, Prince of Commercy, French field marshal (b. 1661)
 * September 11 – Sir Robert Southwell, English diplomat (b. 1635)
 * September 12 – Alfonso Basilio Ghetaldo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Stagno (1694–1702) (b. 1647)
 * September 17 – Olaus Rudbeck, Swedish architect (b. 1630)
 * September 20 – William Campion, English politician (b. 1640)
 * September 28 – Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland, English statesman (b. 1641)
 * October 14 – Franz Anton, Count of Hohenzollern-Haigerloch (b. 1657)
 * October 15
 * Frances Stewart, Duchess of Richmond, famous for refusing to become a mistress of Charles II of England (b. 1647)
 * Countess Sophie Henriette of Waldeck, Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. 1662)
 * October 16 – Francesco Casati, Roman Catholic prelate, Titular Archbishop of Trapezus (1670–1702) (b. 1620)
 * October 17
 * François Genet, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Vaison (1686–1702) (b. 1640)
 * Walrad, Prince of Nassau-Usingen, German prince and founder of the line of Nassau-Usingen (b. 1636)
 * October 22 – Guy Aldonce de Durfort de Lorges, French noble and soldier (b. 1630)
 * October 27 – Niccolò Radulovich, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1627)
 * November 2 – Andrés de las Navas y Quevedo, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Santiago de Guatemala (1682–1702) (b. 1632)
 * November 4 – John Benbow, English officer in the Royal Navy (b. 1653)
 * November 5 – William Stanley, 9th Earl of Derby (b. 1655)
 * November 13 – Dudley Bradstreet, American magistrate, Justice of the Peace of Andover (b. 1648)
 * November 26 – Gerrit de Heere, Governor of Dutch Ceylon during its Dutch period (b. 1657)
 * November 29 – Nanbu Yukinobu, early to mid-Edo period Japanese samurai (b. 1642)
 * December 8
 * Christopher Comstock, early settler of Norwalk (b. 1635)
 * Philippe, Chevalier de Lorraine, French nobleman and member of the House of Guise (b. 1643)
 * Bartolomeo Riberi, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Nicotera (1691–1702) (b. 1640)
 * December 16 – Henry FitzJames, illegitimate son of King James II of England and VII of Scotland by Arabella Churchill (b. 1673)
 * December 26 – Fitton Gerard, 3rd Earl of Macclesfield, English politician, earl (b. 1663)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1702


text:
1704

In the Swedish calendar it was a leap year starting on Friday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

January–March

 * January 7 – Partial solar eclipse, Solar Saros 146, is visible in Antarctica.
 * January 25–26 – Apalachee massacre: English colonists from the Province of Carolina, and their native allies, stage a series of brutal raids against a largely pacific population of Apalachee, in Spanish Florida.
 * February 28 – Establishment of the first school open to African-Americans in New York City by Frenchman Elias Neau.
 * February 29 – Raid on Deerfield (Queen Anne's War): French Canadians and Native Americans sack Deerfield, Massachusetts, killing over 50 English colonists.
 * February – In America, Mardi Gras is celebrated with the Masque de la Mobile in the capital of Louisiana (New France), Mobile, Alabama.
 * March 7 – War of the Spanish Succession: Prince Karl of Habsburg, brother of Joseph I, the Holy Roman Emperor and a pretender to the throne of Spain, arrives in Portugal on the English warship HMS Royal Katherine as part of George Rooke's English fleet sailing into Lisbon.
 * March 23 – War of the Spanish Succession: The English Navy ships HMS Kent, HMS Bedford and HMS Antelope intercept two newly-built Spanish warships, Porta Coeli and Santa Teresa off of the coast of Cape Spartel, as the Spaniards attempt to sail into the Strait of Gibraltar. The two Spanish ships are captured after a seven-hour battle and taken toward Lisbon, but the Santa Teresa sinks along the way.

April–June

 * April 21 – Battle of Biskupice: The Hungarians (Kurucs) win a costly victory over the Danes.
 * April 24 – The first regular newspaper in the Thirteen Colonies of British North America, The Boston News-Letter, is published.
 * May 19–23 – Vigorous Strombolian activity from Mount Vesuvius, Italy is recorded.
 * May 28 – Battle of Smolenice: Kuruc rebels defeat the Austrian army and its allies.
 * June 2 – Annular solar eclipse is visible from a region of the Southern Ocean between South Africa and Antarctica.
 * June 13 – Battle of Koroncó: Austrians and their allies from Denmark, Prussia, Croatia, Germany and Vojvodina defeat the Kurucs.
 * June 17 – Total lunar eclipse takes place, Saros series 125.

July–September

 * July – Daniel Defoe documents the Great Storm of 1703 in England, with eyewitness testimonies, in The Storm.
 * July 12 – Great Northern War – King Charles XII of Sweden forces the election of his ally Stanisław Leszczyński as King of Poland, in place of Augustus II the Strong.
 * August 3 (July 23 Old Style) – War of the Spanish Succession – Gibraltar is captured from Spain, by English and Dutch forces under Sir George Rooke.
 * August 7 – Battle of Orford Ness.
 * August 13 (August 2 OS) – War of the Spanish Succession – Battle of Blenheim: Allied troops under John Churchill, Earl of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy defeat the Franco-Bavarian army.
 * August 24 (August 13 OS) – War of the Spanish Succession – The French and Anglo-Dutch fleets clash off Málaga, causing heavy casualties on both sides, but without sinking any ships.
 * September 8 – War of the Spanish Succession – The Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar by French and Spanish troops begins.
 * September 12 – War of the Spanish Succession: The siege of the French-held German town of Landau, by Holy Roman Empire troops under the command of Ludwig Wilhelm von Baden-Baden begins and lasts for more than ten weeks before the French surrender on November 23. During the siege, the Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I visits the area in a newly-developed vehicle, a convertible horse-drawn carriage that has a removable roof.  The style of vehicle itself is later called a "landau".
 * September 28 – Damat Hasan Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire, is removed from office by Ottoman Sultan Ahmed III, and replaced by Kalaylikoz Ahmed Pasha.

October–December

 * October 24 – A peace treaty is signed between Prince Ferenc Rákóczi of Transylvania, and representatives of the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I at Schemnitz (now the Slovakian town of Banská Štiavnica)
 * October 28 – Great Northern War: The Battle of Poniec takes place as King Charles XII leads Swedish troops in pursuit of the Saxon Army commanded by General Johann von der Schulenburg. The Swedes are forced to retreat despite surrounding the Saxons, and Schulenburg's troops escape.
 * November 11 – Twelfth Siege of Gibraltar: A Spanish Bourbon special forces battalion, guided by Simon Susarte, scales the steepest side of the Rock of Gibraltar in an attempt to surprise the British defenders, and kills the English sentries who have been manning the lookout. The attack is foiled the next day when a drummer boy, who was bringing food to the sentries, spots the invaders and raises the alarm.
 * November 26 – The inauguration of the newly built Kastelskirken takes place in Copenhagen, Denmark.
 * November 27 – Annular solar eclipse is visible through Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, eastern China, Myanmar and northern Philippines.
 * December 6 – Battle of Chamkaur: During the Mughal-Sikh Wars, an outnumbered Sikh Khalsa defeats a Mughal army.
 * December 25 – The fall of the meteorite of Barcelona is seen and heard over distances up to hundreds of kilometres and is interpreted as a divine sign.

Date unknown

 * Great Northern War: Russian troops under Tsar Peter the Great capture Tartu and Narva.
 * The Sultanate of Brunei cedes its north-east territories to the Sultanate of Sulu.
 * The lower three counties of the Province of Pennsylvania become the colony of Delaware.
 * An earthquake strikes Gondar, Ethiopia.
 * Tenerife's earliest recorded volcanic eruption takes place from three fissure emission centres: Siete Fuentes, Fasnia and Arafo.
 * A Tale of a Tub, the first major satire by Jonathan Swift (written 1694–1697), is published in London, running through three editions this year.
 * Isaac Newton publishes his Opticks. He also predicts that the world will end in 2060.
 * The Students' Monument is built in Aiud, Romania.
 * Chinese Rites controversy: Rome decrees that Roman ceremonial practice in Latin (not in Chinese) is to be the law for Chinese missions.
 * Nerchinsky Zavod is founded in the Nerchinsko-Zavodsky District of Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia by Greek mining engineers.
 * Thomas Darley purchases the bay Arabian horse Darley Arabian in Aleppo, Syria, and ships him to stud in England, where he becomes the most important foundation sire of all modern thoroughbred racing bloodstock.
 * Giancomo Miraldi observes Martian polar ice caps as "white spots" at the Martian poles.

January–March

 * January 1
 * Soame Jenyns, English writer and Member of Parliament (d. 1787)
 * Thomas Newton, English cleric (d. 1782)
 * January 6 – Michael Becher, Bristol-born English slave trader and merchant (d. 1758)
 * January 16 – Finnur Jónsson, Icelandic pastor, Bishop of Skálholt from 1754 to 1785 (d. 1789)
 * January 28 – Louis, Hereditary Prince of Lorraine (d. 1711)
 * January 29 – Francesco Appiani, Italian painter of the late-Baroque period (d. 1792)
 * February 4 – Anna Susanne von der Osten, Danish courtier and philanthropist (d. 1773)
 * February 5 – Anne Christine of Sulzbach, Princess of Piedmont (d. 1722)
 * February 6 – John Mercer, colonial American lawyer (d. 1768)
 * February 12
 * Charles Pinot Duclos, French writer (d. 1772)
 * Jan Schreuder, 30th Governor of Zeylan during the Dutch period in Ceylon (d. 1764)
 * February 15
 * Aloysius Bellecius, Jesuit ascetic author (d. 1757)
 * Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne, French sculptor who worked in both the rococo and neoclassical style (d. 1778)
 * February 17
 * Marie-Madeleine Hachard, French letter writer and abbess of the Ursuline order (d. 1760)
 * Józef Pułaski (d. 1769)
 * Prince John August of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, German prince (d. 1767)
 * February 24 – Johann Hieronymus Kniphof, German physician and botanist (d. 1763)
 * February 28
 * Louis Godin, French astronomer and member of the French Academy of Sciences (d. 1760)
 * Hans Hermann von Katte, Lieutenant of the Prussian Army (d. 1730)
 * February 29 – Phillips Payson, American Congregationalist minister for the town of Walpole (d. 1778)
 * March 6 – John Ward, 1st Viscount Dudley and Ward (d. 1774)
 * March 10 – Josias Lyndon, governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations (d. 1778)
 * March 17 – Lord Charles Cavendish (d. 1783)
 * March 21 – Alexander Ferdinand, 3rd Prince of Thurn and Taxis (d. 1773)

April–June

 * April 1 – Amalie von Wallmoden, Countess of Yarmouth, principal mistress of King George II from the mid-1730s (d. 1765)
 * April 4 – Andreas Brünniche, Danish portrait painter (d. 1769)
 * April 7 – Guillaume-François Berthier, Jesuit professor and writer (d. 1782)
 * April 10 – Benjamin Heath, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
 * April 13 – Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford (d. 1790)
 * April 17
 * Paolo Girolamo Besozzi, Italian oboe virtuoso and bassoonist (d. 1778)
 * Jean-Baptiste Chermanne, architect and businessman active in the Southern Netherlands and the Principality of Liège (d. 1770)
 * April 21 – Gabriel Manigault, American merchant (d. 1781)
 * April 29 – Arthur Denny, Irish politician (d. 1742)
 * April 30 – Jean Adam, Scottish poet from the labouring classes (d. 1765)
 * May 6 – Fath Muhammad, general of Mysore and the father of Hyder Ali (d. 1725)
 * May 7 – Carl Heinrich Graun, German composer and tenor (d. 1759)
 * May 8 – Gaspare Testone, Italian painter and architect (d. 1801)
 * May 10 – Jacques Dumont le Romain, French history and portrait painter (d. 1781)
 * June 1 – Johann Baptist Straub (d. 1784)
 * June 4 – Benjamin Huntsman, English inventor and manufacturer of cast or crucible steel (d. 1776)
 * June 11 – Carlos Seixas, Portuguese composer (d. 1742)
 * June 16 – Edward Ward, 9th Baron Dudley (d. 1731)
 * June 17 – John Kay, inventor of the flying shuttle (d. 1780)
 * June 22 – John Taylor, English classical scholar (d. 1766)
 * June 24
 * Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (d. 1771)
 * John Ward, English actor and theatre manager (d. 1773)
 * June 29 – Azad Bilgrami, scholar of Arabic (d. 1786)

July–September

 * July 4 – Michel de Sallaberry (d. 1768)
 * July 15 – August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German theologian and minister (d. 1792)
 * July 31 – Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician (d. 1752)
 * August 3
 * Catherine-Nicole Lemaure, French operatic soprano (d. 1786)
 * Benjamin Shoemaker, colonial Pennsylvania Quaker (d. 1767)
 * August 5 – William Allen, wealthy merchant (d. 1780)
 * August 11 – Karl August von Bergen (d. 1759)
 * August 12 – Countess Caroline of Nassau-Saarbrücken (d. 1774)
 * August 13 – Alexis Fontaine des Bertins, French mathematician (d. 1771)
 * August 21 – Johann Georg, Chevalier de Saxe (d. 1774)
 * August 26
 * Marie-Anne Barbel, French-Canadian Businesswomen who lived in New France (d. 1793)
 * Guy Michel de Durfort, French general and nobleman (d. 1773)
 * Pierre L'Enfant, painter (d. 1787)
 * September 3 – Joseph de Jussieu, French botanist and explorer (d. 1779)
 * September 5 – Maurice Quentin de La Tour, French Rococo portraitist, working primarily with pastels (d. 1788)
 * September 7 – John Hope, 2nd Earl of Hopetoun, son of Charles Hope (d. 1781)
 * September 12 – Stephen Fox-Strangways, 1st Earl of Ilchester (d. 1776)
 * September 20 – Isaac Basire, engraver, first in a family line of prolific and well-respected engravers (d. 1768)
 * September 22 – Jacques de Lafontaine de Belcour, French entrepreneur with business ventures in New France (now Quebec) (d. 1765)
 * September 24 – Karl August, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont (d. 1763)
 * September 26 – William French, Anglican priest (d. 1785)
 * September 29 – Johann Friedrich Cartheuser, German physician and naturalist (d. 1777)

October–December

 * October 29 – John Byng, British admiral (d. 1757)
 * November 1
 * Erland Broman, Swedish official and noble (d. 1757)
 * Paul Daniel Longolius, German encyclopedist (d. 1779)
 * November 5
 * Benjamin Goldthwait, British army officer in King George's War and the French and Indian War (d. 1761)
 * Samuel Pegge, English antiquary and clergyman (d. 1796)
 * November 6 – Willem Bentinck van Rhoon, Dutch nobleman and politician (d. 1774)
 * November 7 – Charles Gautier de Vinfrais, French officer of the Royal venery (d. 1797)
 * November 11 – Adriaan van Royen, Dutch botanist (d. 1779)
 * November 13 – Charles Hamilton, MP (d. 1786)
 * November 16 – Giacopo Belgrado (d. 1789)
 * November 19
 * James Gabriel Montresor, British military engineer (d. 1776)
 * Richard Pococke (d. 1765)
 * November 28 – Jacob Mossel (d. 1761)
 * December 8 – Anton de Haen, Austrian physician of Dutch ancestry (d. 1776)
 * December 12
 * Peter Kemble, American politician from the colonial period, President of the New Jersey Provincial Council from 1745 to 1776 (d. 1789)
 * Sir Edward Knatchbull, 7th Baronet (d. 1789)
 * December 26 – Lord George Beauclerk, British Army officer (d. 1768)
 * December 29 – Martha Daniell Logan, American botanist (d. 1779)
 * December 31 – Carl Gotthelf Gerlach, German organist (d. 1761)

January–March

 * January 4 – Giambattista Spinola, Italo-Spanish Catholic cardinal (b. 1615)
 * January 8 – Lorenzo Bellini, Italian physician, anatomist (b. 1643)
 * January 21
 * Francisco de la Puebla González, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Santiago de Chile (1694–1704) (b. 1643)
 * Willem Bastiaensz Schepers, Dutch admiral (b. 1619)
 * January 26 – Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Braunschweig-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1627)
 * February 2 – Guillaume François Antoine, Marquis de l'Hôpital, French mathematician (b. 1661)
 * February 8 – Johann Philipp Jeningen, German Roman Catholic priest from Eichstätt in Bavaria (b. 1642)
 * February 18 – Johann Philipp d'Arco (b. 1652)
 * February 21 – John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen, German prince, ancestor of the cadet branch of the royal family of Bavaria (b. 1638)
 * February 23
 * Steven Blankaart, Dutch entomologist (b. 1650)
 * Georg Muffat, German composer (b. 1645)
 * Henry Noris, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1631)
 * February 24 – Marc-Antoine Charpentier, French composer (b. 1643)
 * February 25 – Isabella Leonarda, Italian composer (b. 1620)
 * March 1 – Joseph Parrocel, French Baroque painter (b. 1646)
 * March 6 – Giuseppe Cei, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cortona (1695–1704) (b. 1640)
 * March 16 – Deane Winthrop, 6th son of Governor John Winthrop (b. 1623)
 * March 17 – Menno van Coehoorn, Dutch military engineer (b. 1641)
 * March 31 – Christian Stockfleth, Norwegian civil servant and diplomat (b. 1639)

April–June

 * April 5 – Christian Ulrich I, Duke of Württemberg-Oels, German nobleman (b. 1652)
 * April 8
 * Hiob Ludolf, German orientalist (b. 1624)
 * Henry Sydney, 1st Earl of Romney, English politician and army officer (b. 1641)
 * April 10 – Wilhelm Egon von Fürstenberg, Bishop of Strassburg (b. 1629)
 * April 12 – Jacques-Bénigne Bossuet, French bishop and theologian (b. 1627)
 * April 14
 * Thomas Fitch, founding settler of Norwalk, Connecticut (b. 1612)
 * Henderson Walker, Acting Deputy Governor of North Carolina from 1699 to 1704 (b. 1659)
 * April 15 – Johannes Hudde, Dutch mathematician and mayor of Amsterdam (b. 1628)
 * April 17 – Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, leading Norwegian general during the Scanian War (b. 1638)
 * April 20 – Agnes Block, Dutch horticulturalist (b. 1629)
 * May 3
 * Heinrich Ignaz Franz Biber, Austrian composer (b. 1644)
 * Estephan El Douaihy, Lebanese Maronite Patriarch, historian (b. 1630)
 * May 8 – Sir John Cordell, 3rd Baronet, English politician who sat in the House of Commons in 1701 (b. 1677)
 * May 12 – Charles Thomas, Prince of Vaudémont (b. 1670)
 * May 13 – Louis Bourdaloue, French Jesuit preacher (b. 1632)
 * May 15 – Francis Pigott, English Baroque composer and organist (b. 1665)
 * May 18 – David van der Plas, Dutch Golden Age portrait painter (b. 1647)
 * May 30 – Emmanuel Lebrecht, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen, German prince of the House of Ascania, ruler of Anhalt-Köthen (b. 1671)
 * June 13 – Arthur Rose, Scottish minister (b. 1634)
 * June 15 – Anna Eriksdotter becomes the last person to be executed for Witchcraft in Sweden. (b. 1624)
 * June 18 – Tom Brown, English satirist (b. 1662)
 * June 27 – Elisabeth Helene von Vieregg (b. 1679)
 * June 30 – John Quelch, English pirate who had a lucrative but very brief career of about one year (b. 1666)

July–September

 * July 2 – John Adolphus, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Plön (b. 1634)
 * July 3 – Sofia Alekseyevna of Russia, regent (b. 1657)
 * July 7 – Pierre-Charles Le Sueur, French fur trader and explorer (b. c. 1657)
 * July 14 – Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia (b. 1657)
 * July 17 – Juan Manuel Mercadillo, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Córdoba (1695–1704) (b. 1643)
 * July 18 – Benjamin Keach, English Particular Baptist preacher (b. 1640)
 * July 20 – Peregrine White, first English child born in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (b. 1620)
 * July 28 – Juan de Porras y Atienza, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Coria (1684–1704) and Bishop of Ceuta (1681–1684) (b. 1627)
 * August 11 – Francis Barlow, English painter (b. c. 1626)
 * August 14 – Roland Laporte, French Protestant leader (b. 1675)
 * August 19 – Jane Leade, English Christian mystic (b. 1624)
 * September 6 – Francesco Provenzale, Italian Baroque composer and teacher (b. 1624)
 * September 21 – Maria Antonia Scalera Stellini, 17th-century Italian poet and playwright (b. 1634)
 * September 23 – Alessandro Croce, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cremona (1697–1704) (b. 1650)

October–December

 * October 2 – Carlo Barberini, Italian Catholic cardinal and member of the Barberini family (b. 1630)
 * October 28
 * John Locke, English philosopher (b. 1632)
 * Goodwin Wharton, British politician (b. 1653)
 * October 30 – Princess Frederica Amalia of Denmark, daughter of King Frederick III of Denmark (b. 1649)
 * November 1 – John Louis I, Prince of Anhalt-Dornburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (b. 1656)
 * November 4 – Andreas Acoluthus, German orientalist (b. 1654)
 * November 8 – Tommaso Guzzoni, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Sora (1681–1702) (b. 1632)
 * November 16 – Chikka Devaraja, fourteenth maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore from 1673 to 1704 (b. 1645)
 * November 20 – Charles Plumier, French botanist (b. 1646)
 * November 28 – Countess Palatine Magdalena Claudia of Zweibrücken-Birkenfeld-Bischweiler, daughter of the Count Palatine Christian II (b. 1668)
 * December 1 – Joan Huydecoper II, Dutch mayor (b. 1625)
 * December 4 – William Byrd I, native of Shadwell (b. 1652)
 * December 5 – Louis Hennepin, Roman Catholic priest, missionary of the Franciscan Recollet Order (French (b. 1626)
 * December 11 – Roger L'Estrange, English pamphleteer, author (b. 1616)
 * December 13 – Gábor Esterházy, Hungarian imperial general and noble (b. 1673)
 * December 22
 * Paolo Boccone, Italian botanist from Sicily (b. 1633)
 * Selim I Giray, four times khan of the Crimean Khanate (b. 1631)
 * December 27 – Hans Albrecht von Barfus, field marshal in the service of Brandenburg and Prussia (b. 1635)

title: 1704


text:
1701

In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

January–March

 * January 12 – Parts of the Netherlands adopt the Gregorian calendar.
 * January 18 – The electorate of Brandenburg-Prussia becomes the Kingdom of Prussia, as Elector Frederick III is proclaimed King Frederick I. Prussia remains part of the Holy Roman Empire.  It consists of Brandenburg, Pomerania and East Prussia.  Berlin is the capital.
 * January 28 – The Chinese storm Dartsedo.
 * February 17 (February 6, 1700 O.S.) – The 5th Parliament of King William III is assembled. Future Prime Minister Robert Walpole enters the Parliament of England, and soon makes his name as a spokesman for Whig policy.
 * March 8 – Mecklenburg-Strelitz is created as a north German duchy.
 * March 9 – Safavid troops retreat from Basra, ending a three year occupation.

April–June

 * April 21 – In Japan, the young daimyō Asano Naganori is ordered to commit seppuku (ritual suicide). A group of 47 samurai of his service begin planning to avenge his death.
 * May 23 – After being convicted of murdering William Moore, and for piracy, Captain William Kidd is hanged in London.
 * June 24 – The Act of Settlement 1701 is passed by the Parliament of England, to exclude the Catholic Stuarts from the British monarchy. Under its terms, King William III, childless, will be succeeded by Queen Mary II's sister Princess Anne and her descendants.  If Anne should have no descendants, she will be succeeded by Sophia of Hanover and her descendants (hence the Hanoverian Succession in 1714).
 * June 28 – The Myrton baronets, a British nobility title is created.

July–September

 * July 9
 * The Battle of Carpi, the first skirmish in the War of the Spanish Succession, takes place in Italy when French troops under the command of Nicolas Catinat are attacked by Austrian forces led by Prince Eugene of Savoy.
 * Crossing of the Düna: Following his victories over Denmark-Norway and Russia in 1700, Charles XII of Sweden escalates the conflict in the Great Northern War by an invasion of Poland. The Swedish defeat the army of Saxony (then in personal union with Poland) at the River Dvina.
 * July 24 – A French emporium named Fort Ponchartrain is founded along the west side of the Detroit River in North America, and later becomes the site of the city of Detroit.
 * August 4 – The Great Peace of Montreal is signed, ending 100 years of war between the Iroquois Confederacy and New France, and its Huron and Algonquian allies. Formerly allied with the English, the treaty assures the Iroquois will be neutral, if France and England ever resume hostilities.
 * September 16 – Deposed King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) dies in exile, at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye in France. His supporters, the Jacobites, turn to his son James Francis Edward Stuart (later called "The Old Pretender"), whom they recognise as James VIII and III. Louis XIV of France, the Papal States and Spain also recognise him as the rightful heir.

October–December

 * October 9 – The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.
 * November 2 – King Philip V of Spain marries for the first time, to 13-year-old Maria Luisa Gabriella of Savoy, who serves as Queen Consort until her death from tuberculosis at the age of 25.
 * November 11 (O.S., November 22 N.S.) – The House of Commons of England is dissolved by King William III and new elections are called for all 531 seats.
 * December 29 (O.S., January 9, 1702 N.S.) – The Battle of Erastfer takes place near what is now Erastvere in Estonia, as a large Russian force commanded by Boris Sheremetev invades Swedish Livonia and overwhelms a smaller force led by Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach in the first significant Russian victory in the Great Northern War.

Date unknown

 * English agriculturalist Jethro Tull invents a drill for planting seeds in rows.
 * The Philharmonic Society (Academia Philharmonicorum) is established in Ljubljana, Slovenia.

January–March

 * January 4 – Count Palatine William of Gelnhausen, Imperial Field Marshal (d. 1760)
 * January 6 – Georg Ludwig von Bar, German (d. 1767)
 * January 14 – Thomas Edwards, silversmith active in colonial Boston (d. 1755)
 * January 17 – William Lubbock, British divine (d. 1754)
 * January 18 – Johann Jakob Moser, German jurist (d. 1785)
 * January 23 – Anne Antoine, Comte d'Aché, French naval officer who became vice admiral (d. 1780)
 * January 26 – François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest, French Foreign Minister (d. 1754)
 * January 27 – Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, German historian and theologian (d. 1790)
 * January 28
 * Thomas Amory, English dissenting tutor and minister and poet from Taunton (d. 1774)
 * Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer (d. 1774)
 * February 1 – Johan Agrell, late German/Swedish baroque composer (d. 1765)
 * February 7 – Christian Ludwig Gersten, German scientist (d. 1762)
 * February 8 – Johann Baptist Martinelli, Austrian architect (d. 1754)
 * February 11 – Carlo Lodi, Italian painter of the late-Baroque period in Bologna (d. 1765)
 * February 14 – Enrique Flórez, Spanish historian (d. 1773)
 * February 24 – François-Joseph Hunauld, French anatomist born in Châteaubriant (d. 1742)
 * February 25 – Thomas Adam, Church of England clergyman and religious writer (d. 1784)
 * February 28 – Jacek Rybiński, Cistercian and the last abbot of the Oliwa monastery (d. 1782)
 * March 1 – Johann Jakob Breitinger, Swiss philologist and author (d. 1776)
 * March 2 – Lewis Morris, Welsh hydrographer (d. 1765)
 * March 6 – Louis-René de Caradeuc de La Chalotais, French jurist on the so-called "Brittany affair" (d. 1785)
 * March 7 – Philip Hawkins, MP (d. 1738)
 * March 11 – Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown, Irish politician (d. 1783)
 * March 12 – Johann Friedrich Cotta, German Lutheran theologian (d. 1779)
 * March 14 – Antonio Alcalde Barriga, Spanish Roman Catholic prelate; member from the Order of Preachers; Bishop of Guadalajara (d. 1792)
 * March 15 – John Carmichael, 3rd Earl of Hyndford (d. 1767)
 * March 16 – Daniel Lorenz Salthenius, Swedish theologian (d. 1750)
 * March 18 – Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant and philanthropist (d. 1776)
 * March 21 – Jacques Bridaine, French Catholic preacher and missionary (d. 1767)
 * March 25 – John Goffe, Colonial American soldier (d. 1786)

April–June

 * April 9 – Giambattista Nolli, Italian architect (d. 1756)
 * April 25 – John Bristow, English merchant, politician (d. 1768)
 * April 27
 * Sebastian Redford, English Jesuit (d. 1763)
 * Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia from 1730 (d. 1773)
 * April 28 – Françoise Basseporte, French painter (d. 1780)
 * May 14 – William Emerson, English mathematician (d. 1782)
 * May 18 – Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, English aristocrat, philanthropist and cricket patron (d. 1750)
 * May 24
 * Jane Scott, Countess of Dalkeith (d. 1729)
 * Johann IX Philipp von Walderdorff, Archbishop-Elector of Trier from 1756 to 1768 (d. 1768)
 * May 26 – Jean-Joseph Rallier des Ourmes, French mathematician (d. 1771)
 * May 28 – Giuseppe Antonio Pujati, Italian physician (d. 1760)
 * May 29 – Georg Friedrich Strass, Alsatian jeweler and inventor of the rhinestone (d. 1773)
 * June 2 – Thomas Townshend, British politician (d. 1780)
 * June 4
 * Nicolai Eigtved, Danish architect (d. 1754)
 * Theodoor Verhaegen, sculptor from the Southern Netherlands (d. 1759)
 * June 9 – Carl Hieronimus Gustmeyer, Danish merchant (d. 1756)
 * June 11 – David Carnegie, 5th Earl of Northesk, son of David Carnegie (d. 1741)
 * June 17
 * Edward Antill, colonial plantation owner and winemaker (d. 1770)
 * Paula de Odivelas (d. 1768)
 * June 19 – François Rebel, French composer (d. 1775)
 * June 21 – Otto Magnus von Schwerin, Prussian general in the army of Frederick the Great (d. 1777)
 * June 22 – Nicolai Eigtved, Danish architect (d. 1754)
 * June 27 – Paul Jacques Malouin, French chemist and physicist (d. 1778)

July–September

 * July 6 – Mary, Countess of Harold, English aristocrat and philanthropist (d. 1785)
 * July 9 – Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas, French statesman and Count of Maurepas (d. 1781)
 * August 4
 * Thomas Blackwell, Scottish classical scholar (d. 1757)
 * Brownlow Cecil, 8th Earl of Exeter, England (d. 1754)
 * August 9 – Karl Wilhelm von Dieskau, Prussian lieutenant general, general inspector of the artillery (d. 1777)
 * August 20 – Domenico Luigi Valeri, Italian painter and architect active in Marche (d. 1746)
 * August 21 – George Bowes, English coal proprietor, Member of Parliament (d. 1760)
 * September 6 – Johann Georg Dathan (d. 1749)
 * September 14 – Maurus Xaverius Herbst, German Benedictine abbot (d. 1757)
 * September 16 – James Cornwallis, Royal Navy officer and politician, second son of Charles Cornwallis (d. 1727)
 * September 17 – Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil, seigneur and colonial army officer in New France; governor of Trois-Rivières (d. 1778)
 * September 21 – George Byng, 3rd Viscount Torrington, British Army general (d. 1750)
 * September 22 – Anna Magdalena Bach, accomplished German singer, second wife of Johann Sebastian Bach (d. 1760)
 * September 23 – Bredo von Munthe af Morgenstierne, Norwegian civil servant (d. 1757)
 * September 28 – Stephen Hansen, Danish industrialist (d. 1770)
 * September 30 – Enrico Enríquez, Italian Roman Catholic cardinal (d. 1756)

October–December

 * October 3 – Isaac Norris, merchant and statesman in provincial Pennsylvania (d. 1766)
 * October 15 – Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, Canadian saint (d. 1771)
 * October 18 – Charles le Beau, French historical writer (d. 1778)
 * October 20 – Jean-Baptiste de La Noue, French actor and playwright (d. 1760)
 * October 22 – Maria Amalia, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1756)
 * October 24 – Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, Canadian military commander (d. 1755)
 * October 28 – Simón de Anda y Salazar, Governor-General of the Philippines (d. 1776)
 * October 30 – Anton Gogeisl, German astronomer (d. 1771)
 * October 31 – William Ellery, Sr., Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (d. 1764)
 * November 3 – Smart Lethieullier, English antiquary (d. 1760)
 * November 5 or 1702 – Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter (d. 1785)
 * November 6 – Jean-Baptiste Malter, French dancer and dance master (d. 1746)
 * November 10 – Johann Joseph Couven, German Baroque architect (d. 1763)
 * November 21 – John Arundell, 4th Baron Arundell of Trerice (d. 1768)
 * November 27 – Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer (d. 1744)
 * November 28
 * James Burrow, British scholar (d. 1782)
 * Daniel Wray, English antiquary and Fellow of the Royal Society (d. 1783)
 * December 9 – Elisha Freeman, Canadian politician (d. 1777)
 * December 10 – Ignatius of Laconi (d. 1781)
 * December 11 – Charles Goore, English merchant and politician (d. 1783)
 * December 16 – Olof Arenius, Swedish portrait painter (d. 1766)
 * December 17 – Bernard of Bologna, Italian theologian (d. 1770)
 * December 21
 * Louis Daniel Arnault de Nobleville, French physician and naturalist (d. 1778)
 * Guillaume Taraval, French painter (d. 1750)
 * Taylor White, British judge (d. 1772)

Deaths

 * January 3
 * Fernand Palma d'Artois, Vicar Apostolic of Great Mogul and Titular Archbishop of Ancyra (b. 1623)
 * Louis I, Prince of Monaco, Monegasque prince (b. 1642)
 * January 4
 * Luís de Sousa, cardinal (b. 1630)
 * Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, Austrian field marshal (b. 1638)
 * January 6 – Toussaint Rose, French writer (b. 1611)
 * January 14 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese warlord (b. 1628)
 * January 17 – Domenico Belisario de Bellis, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Molfetta (1696–1701) (b. 1647)
 * January 18 – Sir John Fagg, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1627)
 * January 27 – James Graham, English born colonial American politician (b. 1650)
 * February 10 – Savo Millini, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1644)
 * February 15 – François de Clermont-Tonnerre, French aristocrat and cleric (b. 1629)
 * February 27 – Christiana Oxenstierna, Swedish noble (b. 1661)
 * March 15 – Jean Renaud de Segrais, French writer (b. 1624)
 * March 19 – John Egerton, 3rd Earl of Bridgewater, English politician (b. 1646)
 * March 31 – Thomas van Rhee, Governor of Dutch Ceylon (b. 1634)
 * April 2 – Henry Howard, 7th Duke of Norfolk (b. 1655)
 * April 4 – Joseph Haines, English entertainer and author
 * April 8 – Alexander Sforza, Titular Archbishop of Neocaesarea in Ponto and Apostolic Nuncio to Savoy (b. 1658)
 * April 18 – Henry, Prince of Nassau-Dillenburg, (1662–1701) (b. 1641)
 * April 21 – Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (b. 1667)
 * April 24 – Fernando de Carvajal y Ribera, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Santo Domingo (b. 1632)
 * May 8
 * Robert Bertie, 3rd Earl of Lindsey, English noble (b. 1630)
 * Jacob de Heusch, Dutch painter (b. 1656)
 * May 18 – Niwa Mitsushige, Edo period Japanese samurai, 2nd Niwa daimyō of Shirakawa Domain and the 1st Niwa daimyō of Nihonmatsu Domain (b. 1622)
 * May 20
 * Rosine Elisabeth Menthe, morganatic wife of Duke Rudolf August of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1663)
 * Christiana of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, duchess consort of Saxe-Merseburg (b. 1634)
 * May 23
 * Captain William Kidd, Scottish privateer (b. 1645)
 * Anne Hilarion de Tourville, French naval commander who served under King Louis XIV (b. 1642)
 * May 26 – Augusta of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, Danish-German princess (b. 1633)
 * May 30 – Theophilus Hastings, 7th Earl of Huntingdon, 17th-century English politician and Jacobite (b. 1650)
 * June 2
 * Madeleine de Scudéry, French writer (b. 1607)
 * Anna Stanisławska, Polish author and poet known for her sole work (b. 1651)
 * June 7 – Charles Cotterell, English courtier (b. 1615)
 * June 9 – Philippe I, Duke of Orléans, younger son of Louis XIII of France and his wife (b. 1640)
 * June 24 – Ford Grey, 1st Earl of Tankerville (b. 1655)
 * July 5 – Pier Matteo Petrucci, Roman Catholic cardinal (b. 1636)
 * July 7 – William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (b. 1631)
 * July 12 – Giovanni Battista Nepita, Bishop of Massa Lubrense and Bishop of Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi e Bisaccia (b. 1624)
 * July 14 – Lorenzo Kreutter de Corvinis, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Vieste (1697–1701) (b. 1658)
 * July 16 – Justus Danckerts, Dutch artist (b. 1635)
 * August 6 – William Hedges, the first governor of the East India Company (b. 1632)
 * August 20 – Sir Charles Sedley, 5th Baronet, English playwright (b. 1639)
 * August 22 – John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English royalist statesman (b. 1628)
 * August 31 – Samuel Chappuzeau, French scholar (b. 1625)
 * September 4 – Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath, English diplomat (b. 1661)
 * September 15 – Edmé Boursault, French writer (b. 1638)
 * September 16 – James II of England, King of England and Ireland, and of Scotland (as James VII) (b. 1633)
 * September 17 – Stanislaus Papczyński, Polish priest (b. 1631)
 * September 19 – Walter Moyle, English politician (b. 1627)
 * September 20 – Bernard Granville, courtier of King Charles II and MP (b. 1631)
 * September 28 – Johannetta of Sayn-Wittgenstein, German noblewoman (b. 1632)
 * October 3 – Joseph Williamson, English politician (b. 1633)
 * November 1 – Alexander Stuart, 5th Earl of Moray, Scottish nobleman (b. 1634)
 * November 5 – Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, French-born English politician (b. c. 1659)
 * November 9 – Hui-bin Jang, Korean royal consort (b. 1659)
 * November 27 – Maurizio Bertone, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Fossano (1678–1701) (b. 1639)
 * November 29 – Carlo Labia, Archbishop (Personal Title) of Adria and Archbishop of Corfù (b. 1624)
 * December 2 – Zofia Czarnkowska Opalińska, mother-in-law of King Stanislaus I of Poland (b. 1660)
 * December 21 – Sir Hugh Paterson, 1st Baronet, Scottish landowner (b. 1659)

title: 1701


text:
1700

As of March 1 (O.S. February 19), where the Julian calendar acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 11 days until February 28 (O.S. February 17), 1800.

In Sweden, the year started in the Julian calendar and remained so until February 28. Then, by skipping the leap day, the Swedish calendar was introduced, letting February 28 be followed by March 1, giving the entire year the same pattern as a common year starting on Monday. This calendar, being ten days behind the Gregorian and one day ahead of the Julian, lasts until 1712.

January–March

 * January 1 – Protestant nations in Western Europe, except England, start using the Gregorian calendar.  Catholic nations have been using the Gregorian calendar since its introduction in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.
 * January 1 (Julian) (January 11, Gregorian) – The Tsardom of Russia begins numbering its calendar from the birth of Christ (Anno Domini), instead of since the Creation (Anno Mundi).
 * January 26 – At approximately 9 p.m., the Cascadia earthquake occurs in the Pacific Northwest, with an estimated moment magnitude of 8.7–9.2. This megathrust earthquake ruptures about 1000 km of the Cascadia Subduction Zone and causes a tsunami, that strikes the coast of Japan approximately 10 hours later.
 * February 3 – The 'Lesser Great Fire' destroys a substantial part of central Edinburgh, Scotland.
 * February 12 – The Great Northern War begins with a joint invasion of Swedish territory in Germany and Latvia, by Denmark and Poland/Saxony. Sweden has control of the Baltic Sea and holds territory that includes Finland, Estonia, Latvia and parts of northern Germany. To challenge its power, an alliance is formed between Tsar Peter I of Russia, King Frederick IV of Denmark and Augustus II the Strong, King of Poland and Elector of Saxony. Sweden's ruler is the militaristic Charles XII, known as the "Swedish Meteor".
 * February 27 – The island of New Britain is discovered by William Dampier, in the western Pacific.
 * March 1 (Gregorian) – Protestant Germany and Denmark–Norway adopt the Gregorian calendar.
 * March 1 (Swedish), March 11 (Gregorian), February 29 (Julian) – The Swedish calendar is adopted.
 * March (early) – William Congreve's comedy The Way of the World is first performed in London.
 * March 3 – Shivaji II accedes to the throne of the Maratha Empire as the 4th Chhatrapati after his father Rajaram I's death.
 * March 24 – The Treaty of London is signed between France, England and the Dutch Republic.

April–June

 * April 15 – The coronation of King Frederick IV of Denmark takes place at Frederiksborg Castle in Copenhagen.
 * April 18 – Hungarian freedom activist Ferenc Rákóczi is arrested by Austrian authorities and charged with sedition. Imprisoned near Vienna and facing a death sentence, he escapes and later leads the overthrow of the Habsburg control of Hungary.
 * April 21 – In India, the siege of the fortress of Sajjangad (located in the Maharashtra state) is begun by an army led by Fateullahakhan. The fortress falls on June 6.
 * April – Fire destroys many buildings in Gondar, the capital of Ethiopia, including two in the palace complex.
 * May 5 – Within a few days of poet John Dryden's death in London (May 1 O.S.), his last written work (The Secular Masque) is performed as part of Vanbrugh's version of The Pilgrim.
 * May – In Rhode Island (American colony), Walter Clarke, three-term former Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is elected deputy governor for the second time, serving under his brother-in-law Samuel Cranston.
 * June 8 (May 28 O.S.) – The legislature for the Province of Massachusetts Bay (the modern-day Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States) passes into law "An Act against Jesuits & Popish Priests" making a finding that Roman Catholic clerics have attempted to incite American Indians into a rebellion against the Crown, and declaring "That all and every Jesuit, Seminary Priest, Missionary, or other Spiritual or Ecclesiastical Person made or ordained by any Authority, Power or Jurisdiction derived, challenged or pretended from the Pope or See of Rome, now residing within this Province or any part thereof, shall depart from and out of the same, at or before the tenth day of September next, in this present year, One Thousand and Seven Hundred." The Province of New York enacts similar legislation later in the year.

July–September

 * July 11 – The Prussian Academy of Sciences is founded, with Gottfried Leibniz as president.
 * July 24 – Charles XII of Sweden counter-attacks his enemies by invading Zealand (Denmark), assisted by an Anglo-Dutch naval squadron under Sir George Rooke, rapidly compelling the Danes to submit to peace.
 * July 30 – Eleven-year-old Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, dies of "a malignant fever" at Windsor Castle, leaving the Protestant succession to the British throne in doubt.
 * August 18 (August 7 O.S.) – The Peace of Travendal is concluded between the Swedish Empire, Denmark–Norway and Holstein-Gottorp in Traventhal. On the same day, Augustus II, King of Poland, and Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia, enter the war against Sweden.
 * September 6 – Edmond Halley returns to England after a voyage of almost one year on HMS Paramour, from which he has observed the Antarctic Convergence, and publishes his findings on terrestrial magnetism in General Chart of the Variation of the Compass.
 * September 12 – Antioh Cantemir is deposed as the voivode of Moldavia and replaced by his predecessor Constantine Ducas.
 * September 27 – Pope Innocent XII dies at the age of 85 after a tenure of more than nine years. Fabrizio Spada, the Cardinal Secretary of State, assumes administration of the Roman Catholic Church in order to oversee the election of a new Pope.
 * September – A Russian army invades Swedish Estonia, and besieges the town of Narva.

October–December

 * October 3 – The Battle of Jouami' al-Ulama takes place in Algeria with a surprise attack and ambush on the army of Murad III Bey of Tunis by two Algerian defenders, Hadj Mustapha, Dey of Algiers and Ahmed ben Ferhat, Beylik of Constantine.
 * October 16 – Adrian, Patriarch of All Russia, dies after more than 10 years as head of the Russian Orthodox Church. He is replaced by the hand-picked choice of Tsar Peter the Great with the appointment of Simeon Ivanovich Yavorsky as Patriarch Stefan.
 * November 1 – Charles II, the last Spanish king of the House of Habsburg, dies at the Royal Alcazar of Madrid aged 38, leaving no children; his last will makes Philip of Anjou his heir.
 * November 15 – Louis XIV of France accepts the Spanish crown on behalf of his grandson Philip of Anjou of the House of Bourbon, who becomes Philip V of Spain (reigning for 44 years – with a short break – to 1746), thus triggering the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714).
 * November 18 – Lithuanian Civil War: Battle of Valkininkai – The anti-Sapieha coalition is victorious.
 * November 23 – Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Albani, having been ordained as a Roman Catholic priest only two months earlier, is elected by the Papal conclave to succeed Pope Innocent XII, and becomes the 243rd pope, taking the name of Clement XI.
 * November 30 (November 19 O.S.; November 20 Swedish calendar) – Battle of Narva in Estonia: Having led his army of 8,000 on a forced march from Denmark to Estonia, Charles XII of Sweden routs the huge Russian army.
 * December 8 – The formal coronation of Pope Clement XI takes place in Rome.
 * December 28 – Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester, Lord President of the Council in charge of the Privy Council, is appointed to the additional job of Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, the highest Crown official in charge of administration of Ireland,.
 * December 30 (December 19, O.S.) – The 4th Parliament of King William III in England is dissolved and new elections are ordered by the King.

Date unknown

 * Mission San Xavier del Bac is founded in New Spain near Tucson, as a Spanish Roman Catholic mission. Its location had first been scouted by the Spanish in 1692.
 * An inventory made for the House of Medici of Florence is the first documentary evidence for a piano, invented by their instrument keeper Bartolomeo Cristofori.
 * An English translation of the novel Don Quixote, "translated from the original by many hands and published by Peter Motteux", begins publication in London. While popular among readers, it will eventually come to be known as one of the worst translations of the novel, totally betraying the spirit of Miguel de Cervantes's masterpiece.
 * The value of sales of English manufactured products to the Atlantic economy is £3.9 million.
 * Approximate date – Lions become extinct in Libya.

January–March

 * January 8 – Augustyn Mirys, Polish painter (d. 1790)
 * January 14 – Picander (Christian Friedrich Henrici), German poet and librettist (d. 1764)
 * January 23 – John Christian, Count Palatine of Sulzbach from 1732 to 1733 (d. 1733)
 * January 28 – John Penn ("the American"), American-born merchant (d. 1746)
 * January 29 – Konstancja Czartoryska, Polish noblewoman and politician (d. 1759)
 * February 2 – Johann Christoph Gottsched, German philosopher (d. 1766)
 * February 8 – Daniel Bernoulli, Dutch-born Swiss mathematician (d. 1782)
 * February 16 – Pedro Messía de la Cerda, 2nd Marquis of Vega de Armijo, Spanish naval officer and colonial official (d. 1783)
 * February 18 – Nicolaus Schuback, German lawyer (d. 1783)
 * February 21 – Henri Hemsch, French harpsichord maker of German origin (d. 1769)
 * February 28 – Samsam ud Daula Shah Nawaz Khan, Mughal courtier (d. 1758)
 * March 1 – Pierre-Joseph Bourcet, French tactician (d. 1780)
 * March 3
 * William Lacon Childe, English politician (d. 1757)
 * Charles-Joseph Natoire, French painter in the Rococo manner (d. 1777)
 * March 4 – Louis Auguste, Prince of Dombes, grandson of Louis XIV of France and of his maîtresse-en-titre Françoise-Athénaïs (d. 1755)
 * March 8 – William Morgan (of Tredegar, elder), Welsh politician (d. 1731)
 * March 13
 * Michel Blavet, French composer and flute virtuoso (d. 1768)
 * Antonio Joli, Italian painter of vedute and capricci (d. 1777)
 * James Kent, English organist and composer (d. 1776)
 * Jób Viczay, Hungarian nobleman (d. 1734)
 * March 15 – Leonor Tomásia de Távora, 3rd Marquise of Távora, Portuguese noblewoman (d. 1759)
 * March 23 – Pieter Woortman, Dutch colonial administrator (d. 1780)
 * March 29 – Charles Cornwallis, 1st Earl Cornwallis (d. 1762)
 * March 30 – Thomas Pichon, French colonial agent (d. 1781)

April–June

 * April 4 – Christophe Moyreau, French Baroque composer (d. 1774)
 * April 30
 * Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp, Swedish nobleman (d. 1739)
 * Percy Freke, British baronet and Irish politician (d. 1728)
 * May 2 – Countess Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg (d. 1726)
 * May 6 – Giuseppe Peroni, Italian painter (d. 1776)
 * May 7 – Gerard van Swieten, Dutch-born physician (d. 1772)
 * May 12 – Luigi Vanvitelli, Italian architect (d. 1773)
 * May 14 – Mary Delany, English artist (d. 1788)
 * May 19 – José de Escandón, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1770)
 * May 22 – Michel-François Dandré-Bardon, French history painter and etcher (d. 1785)
 * May 26 – Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf, German religious and social reformer (d. 1760)
 * May 27 – Robert Shirley, British Tory politician (d. 1738)
 * May 30 – Prosper Anton Josef von Sinzendorf, Austrian nobleman and courtier (d. 1756)
 * May 31 – Stephen Bayard, 39th Mayor of New York City from 1744 to 1747 (d. 1757)
 * June 3 – Karen Huitfeldt, Danish courtier (d. 1778)
 * June 8 – Georg Wilhelm von Driesen, lieutenant general in Frederick the Great's Prussian army and a county commission of Osterrode (Ostróda) (d. 1758)
 * June 10 – Ewald Georg von Kleist, German jurist (d. 1748)
 * June 16 – Margaret Coke, Countess of Leicester, British peer (d. 1775)
 * June 19 – Charles, Count of Charolais, French noble (d. 1760)
 * June 20 – Peter Faneuil, wealthy American colonial merchant (d. 1743)
 * June 25 – William Boys, Royal Navy officer who became Commander-in-Chief (d. 1774)
 * June 26
 * Richard Dana, prominent lawyer and politician in colonial Massachusetts (d. 1772)
 * Joaquín de Montserrat, 1st Marquess of Cruillas (d. 1771)

July–September

 * July 11 – Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend (d. 1764)
 * July 12 – Claude-Antoine de Bermen de La Martinière, Quebec-born son of Claude de Bermen de la Martinière (d. 1761)
 * July 20 – Henri-Louis Duhamel du Monceau, French physician (d. 1782)
 * July 29 – Peter Joseph Kofler, mayor of Vienna (d. 1764)
 * August 13 – Heinrich, count von Brühl, German statesman (d. 1763)
 * August 17 – Clemens August of Bavaria, Archbishop-Elector of Cologne (d. 1761)
 * August 18
 * Baji Rao I, general of the Maratha Empire in India (d. 1740)
 * Lars Pinnerud, Norwegian farmer and woodcarver (d. 1762)
 * August 23 – Hans Caspar von Krockow, Prussian major general and commander of the Cuirassier Regiment No (d. 1759)
 * August 27
 * Charles Colyear, 2nd Earl of Portmore (d. 1785)
 * Carl Hårleman, Swedish architect (d. 1753)
 * August 30 – Christian August von Eyben, German lawyer and dean of the Bishopric of Lübeck (d. 1785)
 * September 6 – Claude-Nicolas Le Cat, French surgeon (d. 1768)
 * September 9 – Princess Anna Sophie of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Princess of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (d. 1780)
 * September 11 – James Thomson, Scottish poet (d. 1748)
 * September 15 – Jean-Gilles du Coëtlosquet, French ecclesiastic (d. 1784)
 * September 20
 * Benedict Leonard Calvert, 15th Proprietary Governor of Maryland from 1727 through 1731 (d. 1732)
 * Victor Frederick, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1765)
 * September 25 – Gaetano Zompini, Italian printmaker and engraver (d. 1778)
 * September 29 – Countess Caroline of Erbach-Fürstenau and by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Hildburghausen (d. 1758)
 * September 30 – Stanisław Konarski, Polish writer (d. 1773)

October–December

 * October 6 – Philip Morant (d. 1770)
 * October 7 – Henry Moore, 4th Earl of Drogheda (d. 1727)
 * October 9 – George Hazard (d. 1738)
 * October 10 – Lambert-Sigisbert Adam, French sculptor born in Nancy (d. 1759)
 * October 13 – Phanuel Bacon, English playwright (d. 1783)
 * October 20 – Charlotte Aglaé d'Orléans (d. 1761)
 * October 23 – Samuel Dexter, minister from Dedham (d. 1755)
 * October 24 – Marten Schagen, Dutch Mennonite bookseller (d. 1770)
 * October 26 – Peter Jacob Horemans, Flemish painter of genre scenes (d. 1776)
 * October 30 – Sir Cecil Bishopp, 6th Baronet (d. 1778)
 * November 7 – Erdmuthe Dorothea of Reuss-Ebersdorf (d. 1756)
 * November 17 – Frederick William, Margrave of Brandenburg-Schwedt, German nobleman (d. 1771)
 * November 19 – Jean-Antoine Nollet, French abbot and physicist (d. 1770)
 * November 21 – Charlotta Elisabeth van der Lith, politically active Governor's wife in Surinam (d. 1753)
 * November 24 – Johann Bernhard Bach the Younger (d. 1743)
 * November 28
 * Nathaniel Bliss, English astronomer (d. 1764)
 * Sophie Magdalene of Brandenburg-Kulmbach (d. 1770)
 * Philip Kinsky of Wchinitz and Tettau (d. 1749)
 * December 4 – Agnes Wilhelmine von Wuthenau, German noblewoman and the first wife of Augustus Louis (d. 1725)
 * December 5 – Anthony Malone, Irish lawyer and politician (d. 1776)
 * December 7 – George Heathcote, English merchant and philanthropist and Tory politician (d. 1768)
 * December 8 – Jeremias Friedrich Reuß, German theologian (d. 1777)
 * December 9 – Michael Ranft, Protestant Lutheran pastor (d. 1774)
 * December 20 – Charles-Augustin de Ferriol d'Argental (d. 1788)
 * December 25 – Leopold II, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau, Prussian general (d. 1751)
 * date unknown
 * Franciszek Salezy Potocki, Polish magnate official (d. 1772)
 * Ivan Ranger, Austrian painter (d. 1753)

Deaths

 * January 7 – Raffaello Fabretti, Italian antiquary (b. 1618)
 * January 12 – Marguerite Bourgeoys, French founder of the Congregation of Notre Dame of Montreal, in the colony of New France (b. 1620)
 * January 21 – Henry Somerset, 1st Duke of Beaufort, English politician (b. 1629)
 * January 30 – Clara Elisabeth von Platen, German noblewoman (b. 1648)
 * February 4 – John Bramston the Younger, English lawyer and MP (b. 1611)
 * February 5 – Louis Maracci, Italian priest (b. 1612)
 * February 12 – Aleksei Shein, Russian commander and statesman (b. 1662)
 * February 25 – James Douglas, 2nd Marquess of Douglas (b. 1646)
 * March 2 – Jankibai, Empress consort of the Maratha Empire as the first wife of Rajaram Chhatrapati (b. 1675)
 * March 3
 * Chhatrapati Rajaram Raje Bhonsale, 3rd Maratha Emperor (b. 1670)
 * Girolamo Casanata, Italian cardinal (b. 1620)
 * March 4 – Lorenzo Pasinelli, Italian painter (b. 1629)
 * March 8 – William Dunlop, Covenanter (b. c. 1654)
 * March 14 – Henry Killigrew, English clergyman and playwright (b. 1613)
 * March 18 – Francesco Scannagatta, Roman Catholic prelate and Bishop of Avellino e Frigento (b. 1632)
 * March 26 – Heinrich Meibom, German physician and scholar (b. 1638)
 * May 1
 * Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson, French administrator, diplomat and ambassador to Venetian Republic (b. 1623)
 * Francis Winnington, Solicitor-General for England and Wales (b. 1634)
 * May 5 – Angelo Italia, Sicilian architect (b. 1628)
 * May 12 – John Dryden, English poet and dramatist (b. 1631)
 * May 15 – John Hale, American witch hunter and pastor (b. 1636)
 * May 18 – Teofil Rutka, Polish philosopher (b. 1622)
 * May 23 – Jens Juel, Danish diplomat (b. 1631)
 * May 28 – Jan Six, important cultural figure in the Dutch Golden Age (b. 1618)
 * May 31 – Agostino Scilla, Italian painter and scientist (b. 1629)
 * June 20 – Richard Gilpin, English nonconformist minister and physician (b. 1625)
 * June 29 – Olov Svebilius, Swedish priest and professor (b. 1624)
 * July 2
 * Lambert Doomer, Dutch Golden Age landscape painter (b. 1624)
 * Sir Thomas Grosvenor, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1656)
 * Hoshina Masakage, Japanese daimyō of the Edo period (b. 1616)
 * July 7 – Silvestro Valier, 109th Doge of Venice (b. 1630)
 * July 10
 * Pieter Gerritsz van Roestraten, Dutch Golden Age painter of still lifes and genre scenes (b. 1630)
 * John Lowther, 1st Viscount Lonsdale, English politician (b. 1655)
 * July 19 (found dead) – Thomas Creech, English translator of classical works, headmaster of Sherborne School (b. 1659)
 * July 22 – Alderano Cybo, Italian Catholic Cardinal (b. 1613)
 * July 30 – Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, member of the English royal family (b. 1689)
 * August 17 – Thomas-Claude Renart de Fuchsamberg Amblimont, French naval officer, governor general of the French Antilles (b. 1642)
 * August 22 – Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, Mexican academic (b. 1645)
 * August 30 – Sir Richard Cust, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1622)
 * August 31 – William Savile, 2nd Marquess of Halifax, English noble and politician (b. 1665)
 * September 7 – William Russell, 1st Duke of Bedford, English noble and politician (b. 1616)
 * September 15 – André Le Nôtre, French landscape gardener (b. 1613)
 * September 16 – Martyrs of Cajonos, Mexican Catholic converts (b. c. 1660)
 * September 23 – Nicolaus Adam Strungk, German composer and violinist (b. 1640)
 * September 27 – Pope Innocent XII, born Antonio Pignatelli (b. 1615)
 * September 30 – Lorenzo Trotti, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Pavia (1672–1700) (b. 1633)
 * October 1 – Sir Samuel Grimston, 3rd Baronet, English politician (b. 1643)
 * October 16 – Patriarch Adrian of Moscow, Russian Orthodox Church leader (b. 1627)
 * October 17 – Eligio Caracciolo, Roman Catholic prelate, Archbishop of Cosenza (1694–1700) (b. 1654)
 * October 23 – Anne Marie de Bourbon, daughter of the Prince of Condé and of a Bavarian princess (b. 1675)
 * October 27 – Armand Jean le Bouthillier de Rancé, abbot of La Trappe Abbey, founder of the Trappists (b. 1626)
 * October 31 – Sir Robert Napier, 1st Baronet, of Punknoll (b. 1642)
 * November 1 – Charles II of Spain, King of Spain; last Habsburg ruler of the Spanish Empire (b. 1661)
 * November 2 – Francis Turner, English bishop (b. 1637)
 * November 4 – Sebastián de Pastrana, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Paraguay (1693–1700) (b. 1633)
 * November 11 – Sophie Angelika of Württemberg-Oels, by marriage Duchess of Saxe-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt (b. 1677)
 * November 16 – Paul Rycaut, British diplomat (b. 1629)
 * November 18 – Robert Walpole, English Whig politician, soldier and member of parliament (b. 1650)
 * November 25 – Stephanus Van Cortlandt, first native-born mayor of New York City (b. 1643)
 * November 26 – Tokugawa Mitsutomo, daimyō of Owari Domain during early Edo period Japan (b. 1625)
 * December 5 – Mata Jito, first wife of the tenth Sikh Guru (b. 1673)
 * December 13 – Inoha Seihei, bureaucrat of the Ryukyu Kingdom (b. 1648)
 * December 15 – Juan Alfonso Valerià y Aloza, Roman Catholic prelate, Bishop of Lérida (1699–1700) (b. 1643)
 * December 16 – Thomas Morgan, English politician (b. 1664)
 * December 18 – Edward Harley, English politician (b. 1624)
 * December 20 – Mary Bradbury, accused witch in Salem, Massachusetts (b. 1615)

 * date unknown
 * Caius Gabriel Cibber, Danish sculptor working in England (b. 1630)
 * Kamalakara, Indian astronomer and mathematician (b. 1616)
 * Louis Jolliet, Canadian explorer (b. 1645)

title: 1700