text:
1322

Year 1322 (MCCCXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

January – March

 * January 3 – Charles IV the Fair, the last member of the House of Capet and younger brother of King Philip V becomes the new King of France upon Philip's death at Longchamp Abbey, near Paris. After Charles assumes the throne, he refuses to release his wife Blanche of Burgundy, who is imprisoned for adultery with a Norman knight, from prison, and asks that the marriage be annulled.
 * January 6 – Stephen Uroš III Dečanski becomes king of Serbia, having defeated his half-brother Stefan Konstantin in battle. He is crowned by Archbishop Nikodim I, and his 14-year-old son Stefan Dušan becomes co-ruler of Serbia. This is the first coronation for a "young king" in Serbia. Dečanski later grants him the province of Zeta as a fief, indicating his intention for Dušan to be his heir.
 * January 12 – Marie of Brabant, queen consort of France dies.
 * February 13 – The collapse of the central crossing tower of Ely Cathedral, possibly as a result of digging foundations for the Lady Chapel, allows the construction of the Octagon that takes its place.
 * March 10 – Battle of Burton Bridge: King Edward II orders an attack on the fortified positions of the rebel army under Thomas of Lancaster at Walton-on-Trent. Thomas is heavily outnumbered and decides to withdraw, but is pursued by Edward's troops. He escapes with the remnants of his army to Tutbury Castle and evades Edward's patrols to cross the flooded Dove River. Finally, Thomas makes his way northwards.
 * March 16 – Battle of Boroughbridge: English forces (some 4,000 men) led by Andrew Harclay defeat the rebel barons at Boroughbridge. During the battle, Harclay holds the bridge against fierce rebel attacks and Thomas of Lancaster is forced to surrender.
 * March 22 – After a show trial at Pontefract Castle, and his conviction by a tribunal for treason against the crown, English rebel Thomas of Lancaster is beheaded in public.

April – June

 * April 14 – Baron Badlesmere, who had led an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow King Edward II of England, is found guilty of treason at a trial in Canterbury. His death sentence is carried out later in the day.
 * April 22 – Albert IV becomes the new Duke of Saxe-Lauenburg in Germany upon the death of his father, John II
 * April 30 – Tarabya I becomes the new ruler of the Sagaing Kingdom of Burma on the 1st waning of Kason 684 ME (on the Burmese calendar), after the death of King Saw Yun, according to the Yazawin Thit chronicle.
 * May 19 – At the request of King Philip V of France, Pope John XXII annuls the marriage of Philip and Blanche of Burgundy. Blanche is transferred from prison to Gavray Castle.
 * June 24 – In Italy, Galeazzo I Visconti becomes the new Lord of Milan upon the death of his father Matteo I Visconti.
 * June 26 – Alice de Lacy, Countess of Lincoln, surrenders almost all of her properties to King Edward II in order to avoid execution.

July – September

 * July 1 – Al-Nasir Muhammad, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, asks for aid from the Ikhanate Mongol ruler of Iran, Abu Sa'id Bahadur Khan, for help in what is now southern Turkey. Al-Nasir had started a campaign against the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, led by King Oshin, and Pope John XXII had recently dispatched troops to aid the Armenians. By the time the Ikhanate troops arrive, a ceasefire has been negotiated between the Muslims and the Christians.
 * July 6 – In northern Italy, troops of the semi-independent Patriarchate of Aquileia, led by Bishop Pagano della Torre, are routed in a battle at Bassignana against the Duchy of Milan, led by Duke Galeazzo I Visconti.
 * July 17 – An agreement is reached in the Byzantine civil war between Emperor Andronikos II and his rebellious grandson, Andronikos III Palaiologos, signed outside the Byzantine fortress of Epibates (now Selimpaşa in Turkey). The two men agree that they will jointly rule Byzantium as co-Emperors.
 * August 1 – Pope John XXII issues a general decree condemning the Fraticelli (Spriritual Franciscans) in the Kingdom of Naples, urging King Roberto il Saggio ("Robert the Wise") to suppress the adherents rebelling against Roman Catholic doctrine.
 * August 27 – (Genkō 2, 16th day of 8th month) In Japan, historian Kokan Shiren completes his work, the Genkyo Shakusho, the oldest existing account of the development of Buddhism in Japan.
 * September 17 – Louis Dampierre becomes the new Count of Flanders in what is now the Flemish-speaking half of Belgium, upon the death of his grandfather, Robert III, "The Lion of Flanders". Louis had recently become Count of Nevers upon the July 22 death of his father (and Robert's eldest son), Count Louis.
 * September 20 – Scotland's King Robert the Bruce begins the "Great Raid" of sites in northern England, leading troops across the River Tweed and starting with an attack on Norham Castle. England's King Edward II responds with an order directing the English Army to assemble at Newcastle upon Tyne to make a counterattack.
 * September 21 – King Charles IV the Fair of France marries the 18-year-old Marie of Luxembourg, the eldest daughter of the late Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, following the annulment of Charles's marriage to Blanche of Burgundy die at a young age.
 * September 28 – Battle of Mühldorf: Bavarian forces (some 2,000 men) led by King Louis the Bavarian defeat the Austrians commanded by his cousin, Frederick the Fair, Duke of Austria and self-proclaimed pretender to the Bavarian throne (or anti-king) at Mühldorf in southern Bavaria). During the battle, Frederick is captured together with his 22-year-old brother, Henry the Friendly (along with 1,000 nobles). Frederick is imprisoned at Trausnitz Castle for two and a half years before his release by the signing of the Treaty of Trausnitz on March 13, 1325.

October – December

 * October 14 – Battle of Old Byland: Scottish forces led by King Robert the Bruce defeat the English army in Yorkshire. During the battle, Robert and his highlanders charge themselves in a flanking position, from where the English troops are overrun. Edward II narrowly escapes capture and is forced to abandon his personal equipment, silver plate, jewelry and horse trappings. He flees with his retinue to Bridlington.
 * November 2
 * Dmitry of Tver, nicknamed "Dmitry of the Fearsome Eyes", Grand Prince of Tver in Russia, becomes the new monarch of the Grand Principality of Vladimir.
 * Scotland's King Robert the Bruce ends his "Great Raid" campaign after six weeks, and withdraws his troops from northern England.
 * November 3 – Margaret de Clare and widow of the Baron Baldesmere, is freed from incarceration after having spent more than a year as the first woman ever to be imprisoned in the Tower of London. Margaret retires to a religious life at the convent of the Minorite Sisters (now called the Order of Saint Clare.
 * November 16 – The tiny Spanish emirate of Guadix, created after Nasr was forced to abdicate as Sultan of Granada in 1314, comes to an end upon Nasr's death.
 * December 8 – Pope John XXII issues the papal bull Ad conditorem canonum, permanently renouncing the doctrine that the Roman Catholic Church owns all of the properties of the Franciscan Order.
 * December 25 – King James II of Aragon marries for the fourth time during his reign, taking as his bride Elisenda de Montcada, in a ceremony in the Spanish city of Tarragona.

Europe

 * Summer – Battle of Bliska: A coalition of Croatian noblemen (with the support of King Charles I) defeats Mladen II Šubić of Bribir, ruler (ban) of Bosnia. After the battle, Mladen is arrested by the Croatian Parliament during an assembly held in Knin Fortress and is taken as a prisoner to the royal court in Hungary on October 8.
 * The Dalmatian House of Keglević (generatio Percal) is mentioned in a document for the first time (approximate date).

Births

 * January 11 – Emperor Kōmyō of Japan, with the birth name "Prince Yutahito". (d. 1380)
 * January 21 – Sin Don, Korean monk and teacher (d. 1371)
 * February 12 – John Henry, Bohemian prince and ruler (d. 1375)
 * June 24 – Joanna of Brabant, Dutch noblewoman (d. 1406)
 * date unknown
 * Agnes of Austria, German princess and ruler (d. 1392)
 * Al-Taftazani, Persian polymath and theologian (d. 1390)
 * Imelda Lambertini, Italian nun and patroness (d. 1333)
 * Michael Asen IV, Bulgarian prince and co-ruler (d. 1355)
 * Nicolas de Besse, French bishop and cardinal (d. 1369)
 * Nicolaus of Luxemburg, Bohemian patriarch (d. 1358)
 * Reynold Grey, English nobleman and peerage (d. 1388)

Deaths

 * January 3 – Philip the Tall, king of France (b. 1293)
 * January 10 – Petrus Aureolus, French philosopher (b. 1280)
 * January 12 – Marie of Brabant, queen consort of France (b. 1254)
 * February 9 – Philip III, German nobleman and co-ruler (b. 1257)
 * March 16 – Humphrey de Bohun, English nobleman (b. 1276)
 * March 22 – Thomas of Lancaster, English nobleman (b. 1278)
 * March 23 – (Battle of Boroughbridge)
 * John Mowbray, English nobleman and knight (b. 1286)
 * Roger Clifford, English nobleman and knight (b. 1300)
 * April 8 – Margaret of Bohemia, Bohemian noblewoman (b. 1296)
 * April 14 – Bartholonew Badlesmere, English nobleman (b. 1275)
 * April 22
 * Francis of Fabriano, Italian priest and writer (b. 1251)
 * John II, German nobleman, knight and co-ruler (b. 1275)
 * June 24 – Matteo I Visconti, Italian nobleman and ruler (b. 1250)
 * June 26 – Gilbert Peche, English nobleman, knight and seneschal
 * July 22 – Louis I, French nobleman (House of Dampierre) (b. 1272)
 * August 10 – John of La Verna, Italian friar and preacher (b. 1259)
 * August 25 – Beatrice of Silesia, queen consort of Germany (b.1290)
 * September 7 – Henry the Admirable, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen (b. 1267)
 * September 17 – Robert III, Flemish nobleman and knight (b. 1249)
 * November 1 – Dagi Khatun, Mongol noblewoman and empress
 * November 16 – Nasr of Granada, Nasrid prince and ruler (b. 1287)
 * December 3 – Maud Chaworth, English noblewoman (b. 1282)
 * date unknown
 * Bertha van Heukelom, Dutch noblewoman and heroine
 * Fernando de la Cerda, Spanish prince (infante) (b. 1275)
 * Hugh I, French nobleman (House of Chalon-Arlay) (b. 1288)
 * Hugh of Newcastle, English monk, philosopher and writer
 * Jacob van Oudshoorn, Dutch nobleman and prince-bishop
 * John of Charolais, French nobleman and knight (b. 1283)
 * Lope Díaz de Haro, Spanish nobleman (House of Haro)
 * Ma Duanlin, Chinese encyclopaedist and writer (b. 1245)
 * Matfre Ermengau, French friar, troubadour and theologian
 * Radnashiri, Mongol noblewoman and empress consort
 * Rickard de Bermingham, Anglo-Irish nobleman and knight
 * Stefan Konstantin, Serbian nobleman and king (b. 1283)
 * Theodore Svetoslav, Bulgarian emperor (House of Terter)
 * Theoleptos of Philadelphia, Byzantine mystic and bishop
 * Thomas de Multon, English nobleman, knight and peerage
 * William Inge, English nobleman and Chief Justice (b. 1260)
 * Zhao Mengfu, Chinese teacher and calligrapher (b. 1254)

title: 1322


text:
1308

Year 1308 (MCCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

January – March

 * January 25 – King Edward II marries the 13-year-old Isabella of France, daughter of King Philip IV of France ("Philip the Fair"). The marriage takes place at Boulogne and Edward leaves his friend and favourite, Piers Gaveston, as regent in his absence. Isabella's wardrobe indicates her wealth and style – she has dresses of silk, velvet, taffeta and cloth along with numerous furs; she has over 72 headdresses and coifs. Isabella brings with her two gold crowns, gold and silver dinnerware and 419 yards of linen. Meanwhile, Edward alienates the nobles by placing Gaveston in such a powerful position, who react by signing the Boulogne agreement on January 31.
 * February 1 – Herman I the Tall Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel (and co-ruler of Brandenburg with Otto IV), dies and is succeeded as Margrave by his son John V.
 * February 25 – Edward II is crowned at Westminster Abbey under the guidance of Henry Woodlock, bishop of Winchester. During the ceremony, Piers Gaveston is given the honour of carrying the crown. At the banquet that followed, Edward spends more time with Gaveston than with his wife Isabella of France. Isabella's family, who have travelled with her from France, leave to report back to Philip IV of Edward's favouritism for Gaveston over Isabella. As part of the coronation, Edward swears an oath to uphold "the rightful laws and customs which the community of the realm shall have chosen".
 * March 8 – King Denis of Portugal, "the Poet King", grants Póvoa de Varzim a charter, the Foral, giving royal lands to 54 families, who found a municipality known as Póvoa around Praça Velha.
 * March 18 – Brothers Andrei Rurik and Lev II Rurik become the co-monarchs of Ruthenia (now part of Ukraine and Poland, with a capital at Lviv), upon the death of their father, King Yuri I of Galicia. The two brothers will reign until their deaths in 1323 at the Battle of Berestia against Mongol invaders.

April – June

 * April 15 – Abu Hammu I becomes the new ruler of the Kingdom of Tlemcen after the death of his brother, Sultan Abu Zayyan I.
 * May 1 – King Albrecht I of Germany, ruler of the Regnum Teutonicorum and King of the Romans within the Holy Roman Empire, is assassinated at Windisch in Switzerland by his nephew, John of Swabia, the day after the two had an argument at a banquet in Winterthur.
 * May 23 – Battle of Inverurie: Scottish forces led by King Robert the Bruce defeat the rival Scots under John Comyn at Oldmeldrum. During the battle, Robert repulses a surprise attack on his camp, and counter-attacks the Scots of Clan Comyn. John flees to seek refuge at the English court and is well received by Edward II, who appoints him as Lord Warden of the Marches. Meanwhile, Robert orders his forces to burn the farms, houses and strongholds associated with Clan Cumming in north-east Scotland. The Earldom of Buchan will never again rise for Clan Cumming.
 * June 25 – Piers Gaveston is exiled for the second time by the Parliament, due to possible corruption and exploited personal gains. As compensation for the loss of the Earldom of Cornwall, which is another condition of his exile, Gaveston is granted land worth 3,000 marks annually in Gascony. Further to this, he is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland – so that a certain amount of honour can be maintained despite the humiliation of the exile. Gaveston is also threatened with ex-communication by Pope Clement V. Edward II accompanies him to Bristol, from where he sets sail for Ireland.
 * June 28 – After 138 members of the Knights Templar were convicted of heresy on October 19, 1307, a trial is held for 54 Templars who testify before Pope Clement V, with most confessing to at least one charge.

July – September

 * July 2 – Alauddin Khalji, Sultan of Delhi sets off from the Indian city of Delhi toward the Fort of Siwana (now in the Rajasthan state) to begin the siege of Siwana, which is completed in September.
 * July 28 – Abu Thabit 'Amir dies and is succeeded by his brother Abu al-Rabi Sulayman as ruler of the Marinid Sultanate.
 * July 30 – Chungseon of Goryeo becomes the King of Korea for the second time, after the death of his father, King Chungnyeol of Korea. Chungseon had ruled for a few months in 1298 during the illness of his father.
 * August 11 – Pope Clement V grants the Knights Hospitaller permission to begin the Crusade of the Poor.
 * August 12 – Pope Clement V publishes the papal bull Faciens Misericordiam ("The granting of forgiveness"), absolving the Knights Templar from charges of heresy and declaring that the Roman Catholic Church, rather than any individual nation, will be in charge of future charges against the Knights. On the same day, he issues the bull Regnans in coelis, summoning what will become the Council of Vienne in 1311.
 * August 14 – King Ananta Malla of Nepal dies after a reign of 34 years, leaving the Himalayan Mountains kingdom without a monarch for five years.
 * August 15 – The Knights Hospitaller complete the conquest of the Greek island of Rhodes after four years.
 * August 20 – The Chinon Parchment is written by French Cardinal Berengar Fredol the Elder, summarizing the results of the investigations of Fredol and the two other Cardinals of their disposition of the Knights Templar charges. The parchment is then put in the Vatican Apostolic Archive and will remain undiscovered for almost seven centuries before being rediscovered Barbara Frale.
 * August 31 – (Tokuji 3, 15th day of the 8th month of Tokuji 3) Prince Morikuni becomes the ninth, and last, shogun of the Kamakura bakufu.
 * September 10 – (Tokuji 3, 25th day of the 8th month) At the age of 11, Hanazono becomes the 95th Emperor of Japan upon the death of his cousin, the Emperor Go-Nijō. Emperor Hanazono will rule until 1348.
 * September – Siege of Siwana: Delhi forces under Alauddin Khalji capture the Siwana fortress after a two-month siege. During the siege, Alauddin defiles the main water tank of Siwana (by a traitor) with cows' blood.

October – December

 * October 5 – Guy II de la Roche, Duchy of Athens, dies at the age of 28, bringing an end to the de la Roche dynasty. He is succeeded by his cousin, Walter V, Count of Brienne.
 * October 20 – The English Parliament begins its fourth session of the reign of King Edward II and meets at Westminster.
 * November 10 – After the fall of the fortress of Siwana in India, Prince Sital Deva is ambushed while trying to flee to safety at Jalor. The soldiers decapitate Sital's and present his head as a trophy to the Delhi Sultan, Alauddin.
 * November 13 – The Teutonic Knights capture Gdańsk by treachery – while a Brandenburger force of 100 knights and 200 followers led by Heinrich von Plötzke and Günther von Schwarzburg lay siege to the city. The garrison of Gdańsk castle is too weak to defend itself against the Brandenburgers. Meanwhile, the Polish ruler of Gdańsk Pomerania, Władysław I Łokietek ("Wladyslaw the Elbow-High"), is unable to send reinforcements. The citizens call upon the Teutonic Knights for military help and offer to pay their costs. The arrival of the knights, lead the Brandenburgers to beat a hasty retreat. In an act of supreme treachery, the Teutonic Knights attack the city they have come to save. The houses of both Polish and German are burnt and destroyed. Many people are slaughtered without mercy, including women and children who have sought sanctuary in churches. Within a year, the German Crusaders occupy the whole of Eastern Pomerania and consolidate their power at the Baltic Sea.
 * November 22 – The coronation of the Emperor Hanazono of Japan takes place at Edo.
 * November 27
 * Henry VII Count of Luxemburg, is elected the new Holy Roman Emperor at Frankfurt. The election comes with the support of his brother Baldwin, Archbishop of Trier, who wins over most of the electors, in exchange for some substantial concessions. The only elector who does not support Henry of Luxemburg is Henry of Bohemia.
 * On the same day, Hungarian nobles formally elect the 20-year-old Charles Robert of Salerno as King of Hungary and Croatia in the Hungarian city of Pest (now part of Budapest). He becomes Charles I, but his rule remains nominal in most parts of the realm after he is crowned.
 * December 16 – Tran Anh Tong becomes the new Emperor of Dai Viet (corresponding to northern Vietnam) upon the death of his father, Tran Nhan Tong.
 * December 19 – Treaty of Alcalá de Henares: King Ferdinand IV of Castile and King James II of Aragon sign an alliance in the Monastery of Santa María de Huerta. Ferdinand agrees to join James in making war by sea and by land against Granada. He also promises to give up one-sixth of Granada to Aragon, and grants him the Province of Almería.
 * December – King Władysław I Łokietek of Poland imprisons Jan Muskata, Bishop of Kraków. In response, Polish and German citizens revolt against his rule in Kraków (as in all Poland's cities at this time). Władysław in a delicate position responds with force and arrests the revolt's leaders. He ties them to horses and drags them through the city streets.

Europe

 * Sultan Mesud II, Seljuk vassal of the Mongol Ilkhanate, is murdered after a 5-year reign. During his rule, he exercises no real authority and becomes the last ruler. Ending the Sultanate of Rum after 230 years.
 * King Philip IV of France purchases Hôtel de Nesle in Paris and builds one of the earliest indoor tennis courts there.

Scotland

 * Summer – Battle of the Pass of Brander: Scottish forces under King Robert the Bruce defeat the rival Scots of the Clan MacDougall, kinsmen of John Comyn the Red . During the battle, Robert orders to bypass the Pass of Brander. He sends James Douglas the Black) with a party of archers to take up positions above the pass to avoid an ambush. Robert breaks through the MacDougalls blockade and defeats them at the Bridge of Awe. The MacDougalls are chased westwards across the River Awe to Dunstaffnage. The Lord of Argyll surrenders and does homage to Robert.
 * The harrying of Buchan takes places as Scottish forces under Edward Bruce devastate the lands of John Comyn, and his supporters following the victory at Inverurie. Meanwhile, Robert the Bruce takes Aberdeen, conquers Galloway and threatens northern Scotland.

Asia

 * Summer – Delhi forces led by Malik Kafur invade the Yadava Kingdom under King Ramachandra, who shelters the fugitive Vaghela king Karna. Ramachandra sues for peace and acknowledges Delhi's overlordship.

Literature

 * Dante Alighieri begins work on his Divine Comedy, comprising Inferno, Purgatorio and Paradiso. It is one of the most influential works of the European Middle Ages (approximate date).

Births

 * August 12 – Moriyoshi, Japanese nobleman and prince (d. 1335)
 * Andrea Orcagna, Italian painter, sculptor and architect (d. 1368)
 * Gaston II, French nobleman and knight (House of Foix) (d. 1343)
 * Joan III of Burgundy, French noblewoman and princess (d. 1347)
 * Joguk (or "Borjigin Jintong"), queen consort of Goryeo (d. 1325)
 * Longchenpa, Tibetan Buddhist scholar-yogi and writer (d. 1364)

Deaths

 * January 30 – Margaret of Tyre, Outremer noblewoman (b. 1244)
 * February 1 – Herman the Tall, German nobleman (b. 1275)
 * March 18 – Yuri I of Galicia, king of Ruthenia (House of Rurik)
 * April 5
 * Ivan Kőszegi, Hungarian nobleman and palatine (b. 1245)
 * Reginald de Grey, English nobleman and knight (b. 1240)
 * May 1 – Albert I, German nobleman, pretender and king (b. 1255)
 * May 22 – Amadeus II, Burgundian nobleman (House of Geneva)
 * July 4 – Eberhard I, German nobleman (House of La Marck)
 * July 28 – Abu Thabit 'Amir, Marinid ruler of Morocco (b. 1284)
 * July 30 – Chungnyeol, Korean ruler (House of Wang) (b. 1236)
 * August 12 – Edmund Stafford, English nobleman and Peerage
 * August 18 – Clare of Montefalco, Italian nun and abbess (b. 1268)
 * September 4 – Margaret of Burgundy, queen of Sicily (b. 1250)
 * September 10 – Go-Nijō, Japanese emperor (b. 1285)
 * October 5 – Guy II, Latin nobleman (House de la Roche) (b. 1280)
 * October 10 – Patrick IV de Dunbar, Scottish nobleman (b. 1242)
 * November 8 – John Duns Scotus, Scottish priest and philosopher
 * December 16 – Tran Nhan Tong, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1258)
 * December 21 – Henry I, Landgrave of Hesse (Henry the Child), German nobleman (b. 1244)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 1308


text:
1398

Year 1398 (MCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

January–December

 * March 15 – Trần Thuận Tông is forced to abdicate as ruler of the Trần dynasty in modern-day Vietnam, in favour of his three-year-old son Trần Thiếu Đế.
 * April–May – The Bosnian nobility dethrone Queen Helen and replace her with Stephen Ostoja.
 * June 25 – Jianwen succeeds his grandfather, Hongwu, as Emperor of Ming dynasty China.
 * July – The Stecknitz Canal is completed between the rivers Elbe and Trave (at Lübeck) in modern-day north Germany, one of the earliest navigable summit level canals in the world.
 * September
 * King Richard II of England exiles his cousin Henry Bolingbroke (the future Henry IV of England) for 10 years, in order to end Henry's feud with Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, who is also exiled.
 * As France withdraws its support for Antipope Benedict XIII, an army led by Geoffrey Boucicaut occupies Avignon, and starts a five-year siege of the papal palace.
 * October 12 – The Treaty of Salynas is signed by Vytautas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and Konrad von Jungingen, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, in an attempt to cede Samogitia to the Knights.
 * October 14 – King Taejo of Joseon abdicates the throne of the Joseon dynasty in modern-day Korea, following the murder of his heir Yi Bangsuk, during a coup by Yi's older half-brother, Yi Bang-won, in The First Strife Of Princes. Taejo's eldest son Jeongjong succeeds to the throne.
 * November 11 – Janus succeeds his father, James I, as King of Cyprus and claimant to the throne of Armenian Cilicia.
 * December 17 – Timur defeats the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, which has been weakened after four years of civil war. Following his victory, Timur's Islamic troops sack the city of Delhi, and proceed to massacre hundreds of thousands of the state's Hindu inhabitants.

Date unknown

 * The Teutonic Knights recommence their raids of Lithuania.
 * The Teutonic Knights conquer the island of Gotland, near Sweden, which has previously been run by the piratical Victual Brothers.
 * Martin of Aragon launches a crusade against the Moors in North Africa.
 * The Kingdom of Singapura falls, after being invaded by the Majapahit Empire.
 * Abdullah succeeds Abu Amir as ruler of the Marinid dynasty in modern-day Morocco.
 * Bunei succeeds his father, Satto, as King of Chūzan (modern-day central Okinawa, Japan).
 * Glendalough monastery in Wicklow, Ireland is destroyed by English troops.
 * Ferapontov Monastery is founded in modern-day northwest Russia by Therapont of Belozersk.
 * The Munmyo Confucian shrine and Sungkyunkwan University are founded in modern-day Seoul.
 * Mount Grace Priory is established in Yorkshire, England.
 * According to fringe theorists, the Scottish explorer Henry I Sinclair, Earl of Orkney, reaches North America.

Births

 * August 19 – Íñigo López de Mendoza, 1st Marquis of Santillana, Spanish poet (d. 1458)
 * date unknown
 * Cecília Rozgonyi, Hungarian noble and heroine (d. 1434)
 * Spytko III of Melsztyn, Polish nobleman (d. 1439)
 * Moctezuma I, second Aztec emperor (d. 1469)
 * William Waynflete, English Lord Chancellor and bishop of Winchester (d. 1486)
 * Johannes Gutenberg, German inventor of the printing press
 * Tlacaélel, Aztec warrior, thinker, high priest and noble for the Mexica Empire (d. 1487)

Deaths

 * January 6 – Rupert II, Elector Palatine (b. 1325)
 * January 31 – Former Emperor Sukō of Japan (b. 1334)
 * June 24 – Hongwu Emperor of China (b. 1328)
 * July 20 – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (b. 1374)
 * July/August (uncertain) – Kadi Burhan al-Din, poet, kadi, and ruler of Sivas (b. 1345)
 * September 9 – James I of Cyprus (b. 1334)
 * October 5 – Blanche of Navarre, Queen of France (b. 1333)
 * date unknown – Jeong Dojeon, Korean philosopher

title: 1398


text:
1334

Year 1334 (MCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

January–December

 * July 18 – The bishop of Florence blesses the first foundational stone laid for the new campanile (bell tower) of the Florence Cathedral (the tower was designed by the artist Giotto di Bondone).
 * December 30 – Pope Benedict XII succeeds Pope John XXII, as the 197th pope.

Date unknown

 * Autumn – Battle of Adramyttion: A Christian league defeats the fleet of the Turkish Beylik of Karasi.

Births

 * January 4 – Amadeus VI of Savoy (d. 1383)
 * January 13 – King Henry II of Castile (d. 1379)
 * May 25 – Emperor Sukō (d. 1398)
 * August 30 – King Pedro of Castile (d. 1369)
 * date unknown
 * King James I of Cyprus (d. 1398)
 * Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith, Scottish noble (d. c. 1380)
 * Hayam Wuruk, Javanese ruler (d. 1389)

Deaths

 * January 17 – John of Brittany, Earl of Richmond (b. c. 1266)
 * December 4 – Pope John XXII (b. 1249)
 * date unknown – Sheikh Safi-ad-din Ardabili of Persia (b. 1251)
 * Isabella de Vesci, politically active French noblewoman (b. 1260s)

title: 1334


text:
1341

Year 1341 (MCCCXLI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

 * January 1 – An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.0 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe) affects Crimea (disputed event ).
 * January 18 – The Queen's College, a constituent college of the University of Oxford in England, is founded.
 * April 8 – Petrarch is crowned poet laureate in Rome, the first man since antiquity to be given this honor.
 * September–October – The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 (between John VI Kantakouzenos and the regency for the infant John V Palaiologos) breaks out.

Date unknown

 * The Breton War of Succession begins, over the control of the Duchy of Brittany.
 * Margarete Maultasch, Countess of Tyrol, expels her husband John Henry of Bohemia, to whom she had been married as a child. She subsequently marries Louis of Bavaria without having been divorced, which results in the excommunication of the couple.
 * Tbilisi becomes a capital of European Christian Cathedra, after the city of Smirna. George V (the Brilliant) returns Jerusalem and the Grave of Christ from the Muslims.
 * Saluzzo is sacked by Manfred V of Saluzzo.
 * Casimir III of Poland builds a masonry castle in Lublin, and encircles the city with defensive walls.
 * The sultan of Delhi Muhammad bin Tughluq chooses Ibn Battuta to lead a diplomatic mission to Yuan Dynasty China.
 * A great flood in the river Periyar in modern-day southern India leads to the river changing its course, the closing of Muziris, the opening up of Cochin (Kochi) harbour, submersion of some islands, and birth of some new islands.
 * Chinese poet Zhang Xian writes the Iron Cannon Affair, about the destructive use of gunpowder and the cannon.
 * Approximate date – Magnus Erikssons landslag (the Country Law of Magnus IV of Sweden) is promulgated.

Births

 * June 5 – Edmund of Langley, son of King Edward III of England (d. 1402)
 * September 1 – Frederick III the Simple, King of Sicily (d. 1377)
 * November 10 – Henry Percy, 1st Earl of Northumberland, English statesman (d. 1408)
 * date unknown
 * Bonne of Bourbon, Countess regent of Savoy (d. 1402)
 * Hermann II, Landgrave of Hesse (d. 1413)
 * Louis, Duke of Durazzo (d. 1376)
 * Qu You, Chinese novelist (d. 1427)

Deaths

 * January 22 – Louis I, Duke of Bourbon (b. 1279)
 * March 2 or October 3 – Martha of Denmark, queen consort of Sweden (b. 1277)
 * April 30 – John III, Duke of Brittany (b. 1286)
 * June – Al-Nasir Muhammad, Sultan of Egypt (b. 1295)
 * June 19 – Juliana Falconieri, Italian saint (b. 1270)
 * June 15 – Andronikos III Palaiologos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1297)
 * August 9 – Eleanor of Anjou, queen consort of Sicily (b. 1289)
 * August 28 – King Levon IV of Armenia (murdered) (b. 1309)
 * December – Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania
 * December 4 – Janisław I, Archbishop of Gniezno
 * date unknown
 * Petrus Filipsson, Archbishop of Uppsala
 * Uzbeg Khan, Khan of the Golden Horde (b. 1282)
 * Nicholas I Sanudo, Duke of the Archipelago
 * Bartholomew II Ghisi, Lord of Tenos and Mykonos, Triarch of Negroponte
 * probable – Richard Folville, English outlaw and parson (resisting arrest)

title: 1341


text:
1351

Year 1351 (MCCCLI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

January–December

 * January 14 – Edward III of England institutes the Treason Act 1351, defining treason in English law. It remains unrepealed into the 21st century.
 * February – The Statute of Labourers is enacted by the Parliament of England, to deal with a labour shortage caused by the Black Death.
 * March 4 – The Ayutthaya Kingdom is established by King Uthong (Ramathibodi I) in modern-day Thailand. He begins to propagate Theravada Buddhism as the state religion.
 * March 23 – Firuz Shah Tughlaq succeeds Mohammad Tughlaq as ruler of the Delhi Sultanate. At this time, the Samma dynasty in Sindh (part of modern-day Pakistan) breaks away from the Sultanate.
 * March 26 – War of the Breton Succession: Combat of the Thirty – Thirty chosen knights each, from the Kingdoms of France and England, fight to determine who will rule the Duchy of Brittany; a Franco-Breton victory is assured by the squire Guillaume de Montauban.
 * April 1 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Saintes. – The French are defeated by the English.
 * April 8 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Taillebourg. – The French are defeated by the English.
 * May 1 – Zürich joins the Old Swiss Confederacy.
 * November 26 – Emperor Sukō abdicates as 3rd Emperor of the Northern Court of Japan.

Date unknown

 * The Red Turban Rebellions break out in China, leading to permanent weakening of the Mongolian-run Yuan dynasty.
 * King Gongmin ascends the throne in Goryeo.
 * The region of Vantaa in Finland is first mentioned (as Helsinge).

Births

 * October 16 – Gian Galeazzo Visconti, first Duke of Milan (d. 1402)
 * November 1 – Leopold III, Duke of Austria (d. 1386)
 * Princess Joan of France (d. 1371)
 * probable – Władysław II Jagiełło, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland (d. 1434)

Deaths

 * February 13 – Kō no Morofuyu, Japanese general
 * March 20 – Muhammad bin Tughluq, Sultan of Delhi
 * March 25
 * Kō no Moronao, Japanese samurai
 * Kō no Moroyasu, Japanese samurai
 * May 24 – Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman, Sultan of Morocco (b. 1297)
 * June 20 – Margareta Ebner, German nun (b. 1291)
 * November 15 – Joanna of Pfirt, duchess consort of Austria

title: 1351


text:
1338

Year 1338 (MCCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

 * October 5 – Hundred Years' War, English Channel naval campaign: Southampton is destroyed.

Date unknown

 * Hundred Years' War: Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor appoints Edward III of England as a vicar-general of the Holy Roman Empire. Louis supports Edward's claim to the French throne, under the terms of the Treaty of Koblenz.
 * Philip VI of France besieges Guienne in Southwest France, and his navy attacks Portsmouth, England.
 * Ashikaga Takauji is granted the title of shōgun by the emperor of Japan, starting the Ashikaga Shogunate.
 * Nicomedia is captured by the Ottoman Empire.
 * A Black Death plague strain originates near Lake Issyk-Kul in modern Kyrgyzstan, according to Syriac tombstone inscriptions and genetic material from exhumed bodies.

Births

 * January 13 – Chŏng Mong-ju, Korean civil minister, diplomat and scholar (d. 1392)
 * January 21 – Charles V of France (d. 1380)
 * February 3 – Joanna of Bourbon, queen consort of France (d. 1378)
 * March 23 – Emperor Go-Kōgon of Japan, Northern Court emperor during a conflict between two imperial lines (d. 1374)
 * October 5 – Alexios III of Trebizond (d. 1390)
 * November 29 – Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence (d. 1368)
 * date unknown
 * George de Dunbar, 10th Earl of March (d. 1420)
 * Muhammed V, Sultan of Granada (d. 1391)
 * Niccolò II d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara (d. 1388)
 * Thomas de Ros, 4th Baron de Ros (d. 1383)
 * Margaret de Stafford (d. 1396)
 * Tvrtko I of Bosnia (d. 1391)

Deaths

 * April 8 – Stephen Gravesend, Bishop of London
 * April 24 – Theodore I, Marquess of Montferrat (b. c. 1270)
 * May – John Wishart, Scottish bishop
 * May 5 – Prince Tsunenaga, son of the Japanese Emperor (b. 1324)
 * May 23 – Alice de Warenne, Countess of Arundel, English noble (b. 1287)
 * June 10 – Kitabatake Akiie, Japanese governor (b. 1318; d. in battle)
 * July – Muhammad Khan, Persian monarch
 * August 4 – Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk (b. 1300)
 * August 17 – Nitta Yoshisada, Japanese samurai (b. 1301; d. in battle)
 * August 22 – William II, Duke of Athens (b. 1312)
 * December 21 – Thomas Hemenhale, Bishop of Worcester
 * date unknown
 * Alfonso Fadrique, Sicilian noble
 * Awhadi Maraghai, Persian poet
 * Marino Sanuto the Elder, Venetian statesman and geographer (b. c. 1260)
 * Nitta Yoshiaki, Japanese samurai
 * probable – Prince Narinaga, Japanese shōgun (b. 1325)

title: 1338


text:
1374

Year 1374 (MCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

January–December

 * April 23 – In recognition of his services, Edward III of England grants the English writer Geoffrey Chaucer a gallon of wine a day, for the rest of his life.
 * June 24 – The illness dancing mania begins in Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), possibly due to ergotism.
 * October 27 – King Gongmin of Goryeo is assassinated and succeeded by U of Goryeo on the throne of Goryeo (in modern-day Korea).
 * November 25 – James of Baux succeeds his uncle, Philip II, as Prince of Taranto (modern-day eastern Italy) and titular ruler of the Latin Empire (northern Greece and western Turkey).

Date unknown

 * Rao Biram Dev succeeds Rao Kanhadev as ruler of Marwar (the modern-day Jodhpur district of India).
 * Shaikh Hasan Jalayir succeeds his father, Shaykh Uways Jalayir, as ruler of the Jalayirid Sultanate in modern-day Iraq and western Iran. Hasan proves to be an unpopular ruler and is executed on October 9 and succeeded by his brother, Shaikh Hussain Jalayir.
 * Musa II succeeds his father, Mari Djata II, as Mansa of the Mali Empire (modern-day Mali and Senegal).
 * Robert de Juilly succeeds Raymond Berenger as Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller.
 * Princes from the Kingdom of Granada choose Abu al-Abbas Ahmad to succeed Muhammad as-Said, as Sultan of the Marinid Empire in Morocco. The Empire is split into the Kingdom of Fez and the Kingdom of Marrakech.
 * A form of the Great Plague returns to Europe.
 * The Château de Compiègne royal residence is built in France.

Births

 * April 11 – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, heir to the throne of England (d. 1398)
 * November 26 – Yury Dmitrievich, Russian grand prince (d. 1434)
 * probable
 * Queen Jadwiga of Poland
 * King Martin I of Sicily (d. 1409)

Deaths

 * March 12 – Emperor Go-Kōgon of Japan (b. 1338).
 * June 5 or June 6 – William Whittlesey, Archbishop of Canterbury
 * June 29 – Jan Milíč of Kroměříž, Czech priest and reformer
 * July 19 – Petrarch, Italian poet (b. 1304)
 * September – Joanna of Flanders, Duchess of Brittany (b. 1295)
 * October 27 – King Gongmin of Goryeo (b. 1330)
 * November 25 – Prince Philip II of Taranto
 * December 1 – Magnus Ericson, king of Sweden (b. 1316)
 * date unknown – Gao Qi, Chinese poet (born 1336)
 * date unknown – Konrad of Megenberg, historian (b. 1309)

title: 1374


text:
1371

Year 1371 (MCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

January–December

 * January – Edward, the Black Prince, gives up the administration of Aquitaine and returns to England, because of his poor health and heavy debts.
 * February 17 – Rival brothers Ivan Sratsimir and Ivan Shishman become co-Emperors of Bulgaria after the death of their father, Ivan Alexander. Bulgaria is weakened by the split.
 * February 22 – Robert II becomes the first Stuart king of Scotland, after the death of his uncle, David II.
 * March 28 – The London Charterhouse, a Carthusian monastery, is founded in Aldersgate.
 * April 9 – Emperor Go-En'yu of Japan succeeds Emperor Go-Kōgon of Japan, becoming the 5th and last Emperor of the Northern Court.
 * August 22 – Battle of Baesweiler: Brabant is unexpectedly defeated by the Duchy of Jülich.
 * September 21 – John of Gaunt, son of King Edward III of England, marries Constance of Castile, daughter of King Pedro of Castile, giving John a claim to the throne of Castile.
 * September 26 – Battle of Maritsa: Most of the nobility in Serbia are killed by the Ottomans.
 * December – Lazar succeeds his distant cousin, Stefan Uroš V, as ruler of Serbia, but declines the title of Tsar.

Date unknown

 * The first widely accepted historical reference is made to playing cards (in Spain).
 * Polish priest Andrzej Jastrzębiec becomes the first bishop of Siret, thus bringing Catholicism to Moldavia.
 * Zhao Bing Fa becomes King of Mong Mao (in modern-day south China/north Myanmar) after the death of his father, Si Kefa.
 * Kalamegha claims the vacant title of King of Cambodia after the power of the Thai invaders from Ayutthaya begins to weaken. The Ayutthayans are finally expelled in 1375.
 * Byzantine co-emperor John V Palaiologos pledges loyalty to the Ottoman Empire, to prevent the Turks from invading Constantinople.
 * The Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China introduces the census registration system of lijia, or the hundreds-and-tithing system, throughout the Yangzi Valley. This system groups households into units of ten and groups of one hundred, whereupon their capacities for paying taxes and providing the state with corvée labor service can be assessed. The system becomes fully operational in 1381, when it counts 59,873,305 people living in China (the historian Timothy Brook asserts that the number was much higher, somewhere between 65 million and 75 million).

Births

 * May 28 – John the Fearless (d. 1419)
 * September 21 – Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg (d. 1440)
 * December 30 – Prince Vasily I of Moscow (d. 1425)
 * date unknown
 * Leopold IV, Duke of Austria (d. 1411)
 * Sophia of Lithuania, regent of Lithuania (d. 1453)
 * Zheng He, Chinese mariner and explorer (d. 1433)
 * probable – Isabeau de Bavière, queen of Charles VI of France (d. 1435)

Deaths

 * January/February – Paul, Latin Patriarch of Constantinople
 * February 17 – Ivan Alexander of Bulgaria
 * February 22 – David II of Scotland (b. 1324)
 * March 4 – Jeanne d'Évreux, queen consort of France (b. 1310)
 * September – Thomas de Vere, 8th Earl of Oxford (b. c. 1336)
 * September 26 – Jovan Uglješa, Serbian despot
 * September 26 – Vukašin Mrnjavčević, Serbian king

title: 1371


text:
1393

Year 1393 (MCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

 * January 28 – Bal des Ardents: Four members of the court of Charles VI of France die in a fire, at a masquerade ball.
 * March 23 – Bohemian priest John of Nepomuk is killed in Prague by being thrown off Charles Bridge into the Vltava river, allegedly at the behest of king Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia. Nepomuk later will be declared a saint.

Date unknown

 * In central Persia, the Muzzafarid Empire, led by Shah Mansur, rebels against their Timurid occupiers. The rebellion is squashed and the Muzaffarid nobility are executed, ending the Muzaffarid dynasty in Persia.
 * George VII succeeds his popular father, Bagrat V, as King of Georgia.
 * Abdul Aziz II becomes Sultan of the Marinid dynasty in present-day Morocco, after the death of Sultan Abu Al-Abbas.
 * Raimondo Del Balzo Orsini succeeds Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, as Prince of Taranto (now southeastern Italy).
 * Samsenethai succeeds his father, Fa Ngum, as King of Lan Xang (now Laos).
 * King James I of Cyprus inherits the title of King of Armenia, after the death of his distant cousin Leo VI (although the Mamluk conquerors from Egypt remain the true rulers).
 * A Ming dynasty Chinese record states that 720,000 sheets of toilet paper (two by three ft. in size) alone have been produced for the various members of the imperial court at Beijing, while the Imperial Bureau of Supplies also reports that 15,000 sheets of toilet paper alone have been designated for the royal family (made of fine soft yellow tissue and perfumed).
 * Bosnia resists an invasion by the Ottoman Empire.
 * The Ottoman Turks capture Turnovgrad (now Veliko Tarnovo), the capital city of east Bulgaria. Emperor Ivan Shishman is allowed to remain as puppet ruler of east Bulgaria.
 * Despite his treaty with the king of Poland, Roman I of Moldavia supports Fyodor Koriatovych against the king. Losing the battle, he will also lose the throne of Moldavia the next year.
 * Sikander Shah I succeeds Muhammad Shah III, as Sultan of Delhi. Sikander Shah I is succeeded two months later by Mahmud II.
 * Abu Thabid II succeeds Abu Tashufin II, as ruler of the Abdalwadid dynasty in present-day eastern Algeria. Abu Thabid is succeeded in the same year by his brother, Abul Hadjdjadj I.
 * Konrad von Jungingen succeeds Konrad von Wallenrode, as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
 * Maelruanaidh MacDermot succeeds Aedh MacDermot, as King of Magh Luirg in north-central Ireland.
 * King Stjepan Dabiša of Bosnia signs the Contract of Djakovice, establishing peace with King Sigismund of Hungary.
 * Byzantium loses Thessaly to the growing Ottoman Empire.

Births

 * February 3 – Henry Percy, 2nd Earl of Northumberland (d. 1455)
 * August 24 – Arthur III, Duke of Brittany (d. 1458)
 * December – Margaret of Burgundy, Dauphine of France (d. 1442)
 * date unknown
 * John Capgrave, English theologian (d. 1464)
 * Giovanni Antonio Del Balzo Orsini, Prince of Taranto (d. 1463)
 * Anna of Moscow, Byzantine empress consort (d. 1417)
 * Osbern Bokenam, English Augustinian friar and poet
 * Thomas de Morley, 5th Baron Morley
 * Andrea Vendramin, Doge of Venice (d. 1478)
 * Alvise Loredan, Venetian admiral and statesman (d. 1466)

Deaths

 * March 7 – Bogislaw VI, Duke of Pomerania (b. c. 1350)
 * March 23 – John of Nepomuk, saint
 * June 6 – Emperor Go-En'yū of Japan, former Pretender to the throne (b. 1359)
 * July 23 – Konrad von Wallenrode, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
 * July 30 – Alberto d'Este, Lord of Ferrara and Modena (b. 1347)
 * August 6 – John de Ros, 5th Baron de Ros (b. 1365)
 * November 29 – King Leo V of Armenia (b. c. 1342)
 * date unknown
 * Fa Ngum, founder of the Lao Kingdom of Lan Xang (b. 1316)
 * Valentina Visconti, Queen of Cyprus
 * King Bagrat V of Georgia
 * Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad al-Mustansir, Sultan of the Marinid dynasty in Morocco

title: 1393


text:
1382

Year 1382 (MCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

January–December

 * January 20 – Princess Anne of Bohemia, a daughter of the late Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes the Queen Consort of England by marrying King Richard II; the marriage produces no heirs before her death in 1395.
 * May 12 – Charles of Durazzo executes the imprisoned Joanna I of Naples, and succeeds her as Charles III of Naples.
 * May 21 – John Wycliffe's teachings are condemned by the Synod of London, which becomes known as the "Earthquake Synod", after its meetings are disrupted by an earthquake.
 * August – The iconic painting the Black Madonna of Częstochowa is brought from Jerusalem, to the Jasna Góra Monastery in Poland.
 * September – Following the death of Louis I of Hungary and Poland:
 * Louis' daughter Mary is crowned the "King" of Hungary.
 * The Poles, who do not wish to be ruled by Mary's fiancee, the future Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund, choose Mary's younger sister, Jadwiga, to become ruler of Poland. After two years of negotiations, Jadwiga is eventually crowned "King" in 1384.
 * September 30 – The inhabitants of Trieste (now in northern Italy) donate their city to Duke Leopold III of Austria.
 * October – James I succeeds his nephew, Peter II, as King of Cyprus.
 * October 20 – Winchester College is founded in England.
 * November 27 – Battle of Roosebeke: A French army under Louis II, Count of Flanders defeats the Flemings, led by Philip van Artevelde.
 * November 27 – After a five-year revolt, Barquq deposes Hajji II as Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, marking the end of the Bahri Dynasty and Qalawunid Dynasty, and the start of the Burji Dynasty.

Date unknown

 * Khan Tokhtamysh of the Golden Horde overruns Muscovy, as punishment for Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy's resistance to Khan Mamai of the Blue Horde in the 1370s. Dmitry Donskoy pledges his loyalty to Tokhtamysh, and is allowed to remain as ruler of Moscow and Vladimir.
 * The Ottomans take Sofia from the Bulgarians.
 * Ibrahim I is selected to succeed Husheng, as Shah of Shirvan (now Azerbaijan).
 * Kęstutis, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, is taken prisoner by former Grand Duke Jogaila, whilst meeting him to hold negotiations. Kęstutis is subsequently murdered, and Jogaila regains the rule of Lithuania.
 * Ahmed deposes his brother, Hussain, as ruler of the Jalayirid Dynasty in western Persia.
 * Rana Lakha succeeds Rana Kshetra Singh, as ruler of Mewar (now part of western India).
 * Conrad Zöllner von Rothenstein succeeds Winrich von Kniprode, as Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights.
 * Balša II of Zeta conquers Albania.
 * Dawit I succeeds his brother Newaya Maryam, as Emperor of Ethiopia.
 * Abraham bar Garib becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Mardin.

Births

 * January 23 – Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick (d. 1439)
 * date unknown
 * Frederick IV, Duke of Austria (d. 1439)
 * Joan, princess regent of Navarre (d. 1413)
 * Lope de Barrientos, powerful bishop in Castile
 * Dawit I of Ethiopia (d. 1413)
 * probable – Eric of Pomerania, King of Norway, Sweden and Denmark (d. 1459)

Deaths
date unknown – Newaya Maryam, Emperor of Ethiopia
 * January 5 – Philippa Plantagenet, Countess of Ulster (b. 1355)
 * February 8 – Blanche of France, Duchess of Orléans (b. 1328)
 * February 15 – William de Ufford, 2nd Earl of Suffolk (b. c. 1339)
 * April 5 – Janusz Suchywilk, Polish nobleman
 * May 12 – Queen Joanna I of Naples (b. 1327) (murdered)
 * July 11 – Nicole Oresme, French philosopher (b. 1325)
 * August 3 or August 15 – Kęstutis, Grand Duke of Lithuania (b. 1297)
 * August 13 – Eleanor of Aragon, queen of John I of Castile (b. 1358)
 * September 10 – King Louis I of Hungary (b. 1326)
 * September 29 – 'Izz al-Din ibn Rukn al-Din Mahmud, malik of Sistan
 * October 13 – King Peter II of Cyprus
 * October 18 – James Butler, 2nd Earl of Ormond (b. 1331)
 * November 27 – Philip van Artevelde, Flemish patriot (b. 1340) (killed in battle)
 * Louis Fadrique, Count of Salona

title: 1382


text:
1390s

The 1390s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1390, and ended on December 31, 1399.

title: 1390s


text:
1205

Year 1205 (MCCV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Byzantine Empire

 * Spring – Theodore I (Laskaris) is proclaimed Byzantine emperor (or basileus), formally founding the Empire of Nicaea, after repelling the invasions of rivals David Komnenos and Manuel Maurozomes into his domains. His appointment is an open challenge to the legitimacy of the Latin emperor Baldwin I, who rules over large parts of the former Byzantine Empire and regards Theodore as a usurper.
 * March 19 – Battle of Adramyttion: The Byzantine army, under Constantine Laskaris (brother of Theodore I), appears before the walls of Adramyttium – surprising the Latin garrison. Meanwhile, Henry of Flanders, not wanting to remain trapped within the city, opens the gates and charges out with his heavy cavalry. He and his knights defeat the Byzantine forces, who are scattered and forced to retreat.
 * March – Byzantine officials in Adrianople revolt and expel Latin administrators, requesting Bulgarian support from Kaloyan, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire, against Baldwin I who assembles an army (some 40,000 men) and marches to aid the Byzantines. Meanwhile, Baldwin sets out from Constantinople in force, he arrives at Adrianople and promptly begins to siege the city by the end of March.
 * April 14 – Battle of Adrianople: Latin forces under Baldwin I are defeated and eliminated in a successful ambush by Bulgarians, Vlachs and Cumans. Baldwin is captured and taken as prisoner to Veliko Tarnovo – where he is locked up at the top of a tower in the Tsarevets fortress. Later, Baldwin is possibly executed by orders of Kaloyan (this according to the Byzantine historian George Akropolites).
 * Summer – Battle of Koundouros: Byzantine forces (some 5,000 men) under Michael Doukas, governor of the Theme of the Peloponnese (and later Despot of Epirus), tries to stop the Latin army (some 700 knights and foot soldiers) at the Olive Grove of Koundouros. The Byzantines are defeated by William of Champlitte, who later founds the Principality of Achaea (a vassal state of the Latin Empire).
 * Othon de la Roche, a Burgundian nobleman, founds the Duchy of Athens (one of the Crusader states set up in Greece) and takes the title of "Grand Lord" (Megaskyr) in Athens.

Europe

 * January 6 – Philip of Swabia becomes King of the Romans and is crowned again with great ceremony at Aachen by Archbishop Adolf of Cologne. After several threats, Adolf is removed from office by Pope Innocent III and excommunicated, on July 19. Philip is able to increasingly assert his kingship against Otto of Brunswick (who is also crowned king of Germany) in the northern parts of the Alps.
 * May 29 – Andrew II, brother of the late King Emeric, is crowned ruler of Hungary and Croatia at Székesfehérvár, after his 5-year-old nephew, Ladislaus III, suddenly dies in Vienna. Andrew introduces a new policy for royal grants, which he calls "new institutions". He distributes large portions of his domain–such as royal castles and all estates attached to them–to supporters and Hungarian nobles.
 * June 19 – Battle of Zawichost: Polish forces under High Duke Leszek I (the White) defeat the Kievan army at Zawichost. During the ambush, Roman Mstislavich, Grand Prince of Kiev, is killed. He is succeeded by his two infant sons, Daniel and Vasilko. Their principalities are ruled by their mother Anna of Byzantium, but the boyars of Galicia–Volhynia forces her and the young princes into exile.
 * Summer – King Philip II (Augustus) conquers most of the Angevin lands, including much of Aquitaine. Fearing a French invasion of England itself, King John (Lackland) requires every English male over 12 years to enter a mobilization "for the general defense of the realm and the preservation of peace". John prepares an expedition force of his own, but the barons refuse to cross the Channel.

England

 * William of Wrotham, Lord Warden of the Stannaries, oversees a reform of English currency. In keeping with other high-ranking bureaucrats of his time, this is just one of Wrotham's many offices. He is also "keeper of ports", the forerunner of the First Lord of the Admiralty, supervisor of the mints of Canterbury and London, ward of the vacant Diocese of Bath and Wells and archdeacon of Taunton.

Levant

 * April 1 – Aimery of Cyprus, king of Jerusalem, dies of food poisoning caused by white mullet. He is succeeded by his 9-year-old son Hugh I as ruler of Cyprus. His mother, Queen Isabella I becomes regent over the young boy, but she dies suddenly four days after her husband. The High Court of Cyprus appoints Walter of Montbéliard (brother-in-law of Aimery) as regent and Hugh's guardian.

Africa

 * Caliph Muhammad al-Nasir establishes Almohad domination over the eastern parts of Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia). He appoints General Abu Mohammed ibn Abi Hafs as governor of Ifriqiya.

Religion

 * July 15 – Pope Innocent III lays down the principle that Jews are doomed to perpetual servitude, because they had crucified Jesus.

Births

 * January 26 – Li Zong (or Zhao Yun), Chinese emperor (d. 1264)
 * March (or May) – Elisabeth of Swabia, queen of Castile and León (d. 1235)
 * July 10 – Hōjō Masamura, Japanese nobleman (d. 1273)
 * November 5 – As-Salih Ayyub, Ayyubid ruler (d. 1249)
 * unknown dates
 * Bruno von Schauenburg, Bohemian bishop (d. 1281)
 * Wenceslaus I (One-Eyed), king of Bohemia (d. 1253)
 * probable
 * Azzo VII d'Este, Italian nobleman and knight (d. 1264)
 * Batu Khan, Mongol ruler of the Golden Horde (d. 1255)
 * Walter IV (the Great), French nobleman (d. 1246)

Deaths

 * January 2 – Baldwin II, French nobleman and knight
 * April 1 – Aimery of Cyprus (or Amaury), king of Jerusalem
 * April 5 – Isabella I, queen and regent of Jerusalem (b. 1172)
 * April 14
 * Garnier de Traînel (or Traisnel), French bishop
 * Louis I, French nobleman and knight (b. 1172)
 * May 7 – Ladislaus III, king of Hungary and Croatia (b. 1200)
 * May/June – Enrico Dandolo (or Henry), doge of Venice (b. 1107)
 * June 14 – Walter III (or Gautier), French nobleman
 * June 19 – Roman Mstislavich, Kievan prince (b. 1152)
 * July 4 – Otto II (the Generous), German nobleman
 * July 10 – Hatakeyama Shigeyasu, Japanese samurai
 * July 13 – Hubert Walter, archbishop of Canterbury
 * August 8 – Savaric FitzGeldewin, English bishop
 * unknown dates
 * Alan IV (the Young), viscount of Rohan (b. 1166)
 * Alexios Aspietes, Byzantine governor and usurper
 * probable – Baldwin I, emperor of the Latin Empire (b. 1172)

title: 1205


text:
1651

January–March

 * January 1 – Charles II is crowned King of Scots at Scone (his first crowning).
 * January 24 – Parliament of Boroa in Chile: Spanish and Mapuche authorities meet at Boroa, renewing the fragile peace established at the parliaments of Quillín, in 1641 and 1647.
 * February 22 – St. Peter's Flood: A first storm tide in the North Sea strikes the coast of Germany, drowning thousands. .The island of Juist is split in half, and the western half of Buise is probably washed away.
 * March 4 – St. Peter's Flood: Another storm tide in the North Sea strikes the Netherlands, flooding Amsterdam.
 * March 6 – The town of Kajaani is founded by Count Per Brahe the Younger.
 * March 15 – Prince Aisin Gioro Fulin attains the age of 13 and becomes the Shunzhi Emperor of China, which had been governed by a regency since the death of his father Hong Taiji in 1643.
 * March 26 – The Spanish ship San José, loaded with silver, is pushed south by strong winds; it wrecks on the coast of southern Chile, and its surviving crew is killed by indigenous Cuncos.

April–June

 * April 7 – Shunzhi, Emperor of China, announces in an imperial edict that he will purge corruption from government.
 * April 25 – Thomas Hobbes publishes his magnum opus, the political tract Leviathan, in England.
 * May 12 – General Marcin Kalinowski of Poland wins the Battle of Kopychyntsi against Zaporozhian Cossacks forces under the command of Asand Demka during the Khmelnytsky Uprising in what is now Ukraine.
 * May 21 – The Sovereign Military Order of Malta purchases the Caribbean islands of Saint Barthélemy, Saint Christopher, Saint Croix and Saint Martin from the France's Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique. The Order will sell the islands in 1665 to the French West India Company.
 * June 17 – Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659); A squadron of Spanish galleys under John of Austria the Younger capture the French galleon Lion Couronné off Formentera, Balearic Islands, Spain.
 * June 30 – After three days of fighting in the Battle of Berestechko in Ukraine, one of the biggest land battles of the 17th century, with some 205,000 troops in the field, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Army defeats the Zaporozhian Cossacks.

July–September

 * July 20 – At the Battle of Inverkeithing in Scotland, the English Parliamentarian New Model Army, under Major-General John Lambert, defeats a Scottish Covenanter army acting on behalf of Charles II, led by Sir John Brown of Fordell.
 * August 13 – The troops of King Charles II of Scotland force the retreat of English Commonwealth troops at the Battle of Warrington Bridge, the last victory of Scotland over England in battle.
 * August 28
 * The "Onfall of Alyth takes place in the Scottish town of the same name when most of the members of Scotland's governing body, the Committee of States, are betrayed to English invaders. The Earl of Leven, the Earl of Crawford, the Earl Marischal, Lord Nairne and other prominent people are captured and imprisoned in the Tower of London.
 * The Battle of Upton is fought at Upton-upon-Severn in England, where Scottish invaders commanded by Major General Edward Massey are defeated by the English Parliamentarians led by John Lambert. The retreat of the Scots clears the way for the successful English attack at Worcester.
 * September 1 – The siege of Dundee ends with the English Parliamentarian army, under General Monck, decisively defeating Covenanters in the last battle of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in Scotland.
 * September 2 – Kösem Sultan is assassinated by her daughter-in-law, Turhan Sultan.
 * September 3 – Charles II of England, leading a largely-Scottish army, is defeated in the Battle of Worcester, the last major battle of the English Civil War, and forced to flee.

October–December

 * October 14 – Laws are passed in Massachusetts, forbidding poor people from adopting excessive styles of dress.
 * October 16 – Prince Charles of the House of Stuart escapes from England to find refuge in France.
 * October – An English diplomatic team, headed by Oliver St John, goes to The Hague to negotiate an alliance between the Commonwealth of England and the Dutch Republic.
 * November 3 – The Manx Rebellion of 1651 comes to an end as the Countess of Derby surrenders the Isle of Man to the forces of Oliver Cromwell in return for a guarantee of safe passage for herself, her family and her servants, off of the island.
 * December 17 – Castle Cornet in Guernsey, the last stronghold which had supported the King in the Third English Civil War, surrenders.

Date unknown

 * The Keian Uprising fails in Japan.
 * The first coffee house in England is opened in Oxford, indicative of their increasing popularity in Europe.
 * The Madanmohan-jiu Temple is built at Samta (India), a village in the Howrah district of West Bengal.

Births

 * January 9 – Petronio Franceschini, Italian Baroque composer (d. 1680)
 * January 18 – William Coddington, Jr., Rhode Island colonial governor (d. 1689)
 * January 19 – Johannes Wolfgang von Bodman, German bishop (d. 1691)
 * January 20 – Edward Tyson, British scientist (d. 1708)
 * February 2 or 1950 – William Phips, first royal governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1695)
 * February 9 – Procopio Cutò, French entrepreneur (d. 1727)
 * February 11 – Sir Ralph Assheton, 2nd Baronet, of Middleton, English politician (d. 1716)
 * February 11 – Anne Scott, 1st Duchess of Buccleuch, wealthy Scottish peeress (d. 1732)
 * February 21 – Silvius II Frederick, Duke of Württemberg-Oels (d. 1697)
 * February 25 – Quirinus Kuhlmann, German Baroque poet and mystic (d. 1689)
 * February 26 – Pieter van der Hulst, Dutch painter (d. 1727)
 * March 2 – Carlo Gimach, Maltese architect, engineer and poet (d. 1730)
 * March 4 – John Somers, 1st Baron Somers, Lord Chancellor of England (d. 1716)
 * March 31 – Karl II, Elector Palatine of Germany (d. 1685)
 * April 2 – Fabrizio Paolucci, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1726)
 * April 6 – André Dacier, French classical scholar (d. 1722)
 * April 10 – Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (d. 1708)
 * April 17 – Giuseppe Archinto, Italian cardinal, Archbishop of Milan (d. 1712)
 * April 21 – Blessed Joseph Vaz, Apostle of Ceylon (d. 1711)
 * April 30 – Jean-Baptiste de la Salle, French educational reformer (d. 1719)
 * May 17 – Jacques Gravier, French Jesuit missionary in the New World (d. 1708)
 * May 27 – Louis-Antoine, Cardinal de Noailles, French bishop (d. 1729)
 * June 6 – Willem van Ingen, Dutch painter (d. 1708)
 * June 10 – Alexander Edward, Scottish landscape architect (d. 1708)
 * June 16 – Francisco Cuervo y Valdés, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1714)
 * June 21 – William VII, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (d. 1670)
 * July 4 – Honoratus a Sancta Maria, French Discalced Carmelite (d. 1729)
 * July 12 – Margaret Theresa of Spain (d. 1673)
 * July 22 – Ferdinand Tobias Richter, Austrian Baroque composer (d. 1711)
 * July 26 – Jacques Bigot (Jesuit), French Jesuit priest, missionary to the Abenakis in Canada (d. 1711)
 * August 6 – François Fénelon, Archbishop of Cambrai, France (d. 1715)
 * August 6 – Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld, Swedish Field Marshal (d. 1722)
 * August 13 – Balthasar Permoser, German sculptor (d. 1732)
 * August 25 – François Baert, Jesuit hagiographer (d. 1719)
 * September 1 – Nataliya Kyrillovna Naryshkina, Tsaritsa of Russia (d. 1694)
 * September 2 – Zubdat-un-Nissa, Mughal princess, daughter of Emperor Aurangzeb (d. 1707)
 * September 5 – William Dampier, English explorer (d. 1715)
 * September 6 – Aoyama Tadao, Japanese daimyō (d. 1685)
 * September 16 – Engelbert Kaempfer, German physician and traveler (d. 1716)
 * September 26 – Francis Daniel Pastorius, German founder of Germantown, Pennsylvania (d. 1720)
 * October 24 – Jean de La Chapelle, French writer and dramatist (d. 1723)
 * October 26 – Perizonius, Dutch linguist (d. 1715)
 * November 1 – Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Marquis de Seignelay, French politician (d. 1690)
 * November 12 – Juana Inés de la Cruz, Mexican nun, writer and poet (d. 1695)
 * December 25 – Pedro Manuel Colón de Portugal (d. 1710)
 * December 28 – Johann Krieger, German composer and organist (d. 1735)
 * date unknown – Gorgin Khan, Persian Governor of Kandahar (d. 1709)

Deaths

 * January – Thomas Greene, Colonial governor of Maryland (b. 1609)
 * January 22 – Johannes Phocylides Holwarda, Dutch astronomer (b. 1618)
 * January 29 – Diego de Colmenares, Spanish historian (b. 1586)
 * February 6 – Erdmann August of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Hereditary Margrave (b. 1615)
 * February 8 – Richard Newport, 1st Baron Newport, English politician (b. 1587)
 * February 9 – Herman Krefting, Norwegian businessman (b. 1592)
 * March 11 – Alvise Contarini, Italian diplomat, nobleman (b. 1597)
 * April 1 – John of Hesse-Braubach, German general (b. 1609)
 * April 7 – Lennart Torstensson, Swedish Field Marshal, Privy Councillour and Governor-General (b. 1603)
 * April 10 – Sir William Airmine, 1st Baronet, English politician (b. 1593)
 * May 16 – Sophie of Solms-Laubach, wife of Joachim Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (b. 1594)
 * May 26 – Jeane Gardiner, British woman executed for witchcraft in Bermuda
 * May 28 – Henry Grey, 10th Earl of Kent (b. 1594)
 * June 8 – Tokugawa Iemitsu, Japanese shōgun (b. 1604)
 * June 17
 * Roger North, English politician (b. 1577)
 * Francesco Piccolomini, Italian Jesuit (b. 1582)
 * July 7 – Dina Vinhofvers, Danish alleged conspirator (b. 1620)
 * August 1 – Maria Anna Vasa, Polish princess (b. 1650)
 * August 2 – Ercole, Marquis of Baux, member of the House of Grimaldi (b. 1623)
 * August 8 – Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg, regent of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1602)
 * August 16 – Filippo Benedetto de Sio, Italian Catholic prelate and bishop (b. 1585)
 * August 20 – Jeremi Wiśniowiecki, Polish nobleman (b. 1612)
 * September 2
 * Kösem Sultan, regent of the Ottoman Empire (b. 1590)
 * William Widdrington, 1st Baron Widdrington, English landowner, politician (b. 1610)
 * September 10 – Yui Shōsetsu, Japanese rebel (b. 1605)
 * September 12
 * Félix Castello, Spanish artist (b. 1595)
 * William Hamilton, 2nd Duke of Hamilton, Scottish nobleman (b. 1616)
 * September 18 – Henriette Marie of the Palatinate, German noble (b. 1626)
 * September 24
 * Étienne Pascal, French mathematician (b. 1588)
 * Marubashi Chūya, Japanese rebel
 * September 27 – Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1573)
 * October 4 – Ludwig Camerarius, German politician (b. 1573)
 * October 6 – Heinrich Albert, German composer and poet (b. 1604)
 * October 7 – Jacques Sirmond, French Jesuit scholar (b. 1559)
 * October 8
 * Isaac Elzevir, Dutch printer and publisher (b. 1596)
 * Anna Catherine Constance Vasa, Polish princess, daughter of King Sigismund III Vasa (b. 1619)
 * October 10 – Philippus Rovenius, Dutch priest (b. 1573)
 * October 15 – James Stanley, 7th Earl of Derby (b. 1607)
 * October 25 – Saint Job of Pochayiv, Ukrainian Orthodox Christian saint (b. 1551)
 * November 20 – Mikołaj Potocki, Polish soldier (b. 1595)
 * November 22 – Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch, son of Walter Scott (b. 1626)
 * November 26 – Henry Ireton, English Civil War leader (b. 1611)
 * December 14 – Pierre Dupuy, French scholar (b. 1582)
 * December 15 – Virginia Centurione Bracelli, Italian saint (b. 1587)
 * November 18 – Anna Amalia of Baden-Durlach, Regent of Nassau-Saarbrücken (b. 1595)
 * December 18 – William Brabazon, 1st Earl of Meath (b. 1580)
 * date unknown
 * Eva Bacharach, Bohemian Hebraist (b. 1580)
 * Giulia Tofana, Italian poisoner (b. 1581)
 * Angélique Paulet, French salonnière, singer, musician and actress (b. 1592)
 * Helena Czaplińska, Ukrainian Hetmana

title: 1651


text:
70 Virginis

70 Virginis is a binary star located 59 light years from the Sun in the equatorial constellation of Virgo, near the northern constellation border with Coma Berenices. 70 Virginis is its Flamsteed designation. The star is visible to the naked eye as a faint, yellow-hued point of light with an apparent visual magnitude of +4.97. It is drifting further away with a heliocentric radial velocity of +4.4 km/s and has a high proper motion, traversing the celestial sphere at the rate of 0.621 arc seconds per annum.

This object has a stellar classification of G4 V-IV, being rather unusually bright for a main sequence star of its type and thus may be just starting to evolve into the subgiant phase. It is an estimated 7.9 billion years old and is spinning with a projected rotational velocity of 4.8 km/s. The star has 1.12 times the mass of the Sun and 1.9 times the Sun's radius. It is radiating 2.92 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 5,406 K. The metallicity – a term astronomers use to describe the abundance of elements heavier than helium – is near solar.

In 2011, a star was discovered 2.86 arcseconds away from the primary, and is likely associated with 70 Virginis. Based on its properties, it has a spectral type later than M5V, and has a mass of about 8% that of the Sun. There is also an L-type brown dwarf 42.7 arcseconds away from the primary, but it is unclear whether this is bound to the system.

In 1996, 70 Virginis was discovered to have an extrasolar planet in orbit around it. There is also an orbiting dusty disc with an average temperature of 153 K located at a mean distance of 3.4 AU from the star.

Planetary system
The discovery of the planet around 70 Virginis was announced on January 17, 1996 at the meeting of the American Astronomical Society in San Antonio, Texas. The planet was detected using radial velocity measurements taken with the C. Donald Shane telescope at Lick Observatory. It has an orbital period of 117 days, an eccentricity of 0.4, and a mass at least 7.4 times that of Jupiter.

title: 70 Virginis


text:
Talk:70 Virginis

Discussion
Found this on the main page here:
 * Nice artist's conception [here|http://business.fortunecity.com/soros/98/70vir.html]
 * Unfortunately, all of the "Goldilocks" reports are based on
 * old data... If you read the 1996 paper by Geoff Marcy you
 * will find him using a parallax of ".112 (29 light years) &
 * a spectral type of G4V. This is where the often quoted
 * surface temperature of 80 degrees Celsius is derived. However,
 * that star is now known to be much farther away, & a subgiant.
 * [Hipparchos|http://astro.estec.esa.nl/Hipparcos/HIPcatalogueSearch.html] gives its
 * parallax as ".05522 (59 light years), which makes the
 * new planet far too hot to ever have liquid water, unless under
 * an atmosphere near the critical point of water.

 * Too bad for science fiction!

This isn't an encyclopedia article...I'm not sure what it is. Will we even want an article titled "70 Virginis"? --LMS

 * Yes, we probably will. It's an important player in the recent field of extrasolar planetary astronomy, which is what the entry above is actually kind of about. Tho' I agree it couldn't be phrased any worse this side of being done in mime. -- Paul Drye

Argh--wiki snobs!. Look, this information needs to be placed somewhere, because there are now hundreds of wrong pages that disregard it. I don't care if you want to rephrase it in fucking Lojban, just don't remove something that is needed out of personal prejudices of style! --graywyvern

 * Merry Christmas to you too. --Paul Drye
 * Personal preferenes of style? --MichaelTinkler

I removed it because it doesn't make sense to anyone who doesn't already know a fair bit about the subject (apparently). Why should Wikipedia tolerate nonsense? If you would like to rewrite it in a coherent paragraph or several, beginning with an explanation of what "70 Virginis" is, that would be grand. --LMS

 * I'll have a go when I get home to my books, Larry. I've been doing a lot of the other science-heavy star articles already, and I can puzzle out what pottymouth is trying to say. -- Paul Drye

Which puts me in mind of a book Asimov wrote on ALPHA CENTAURI. Now, at that time what was known about that star would not have filled an 8 1/2 by 11 sheet of note paper, so he managed to fill the book with elementary explanations of, basically, everything an uneducated person might have needed to know in order to understand what the meager data we had on this star might MEAN. Now, it seems to me that anyone who gets as far as "70 Virginis" in a wiki is going to know that this is a stellar designation, & if someone else wants to put double brackets around such jargon as "parallax" that might not be in a tiny dictionary, that's one thing. And if you want to add stuff you know besides this, that's even better. But i added to the Wikipedia once before & my article did not last three days & why must people who have nothing better to do than compulsively check into "Recent Changes" & meddle with other people's work, have to remove what i wrote after not one hour has passed, is beyond me.

I will not contribute again.

Wikipedia is a collaborative encyclopedia. We do not own our entries. See most common Wikipedia faux pas. --LMS

 * Now, it seems to me that anyone who gets as far as "70 Virginis" in a wiki is going to know that this is a stellar designation,
 * Hmmmm. I'm a medievalist, and I had no clue.  Wikipedia is not only for the astronomically aware;  when I clicked on [70 Virginis] I was kind of expecting something along the lines of St. Ursula and the 10K virgins.  I'd say that after hitting the save button the first time, you should have then hit [edit this page right now!] and started making your contributions into sentences.  For instance, what is "70 Virginis"?  What does Goldilocks and the Three Bears have to do or not have to do with the matter?  I don't think we were overly picky.  I myself didn't edit a thing - I read it and wondered what in the hell it meant;  I trusted that someone who both knew and cared would come along sooner or later. That's how Wikipedia works.  --MichaelTinkler

It is either a star or a planet but it can't be both. New paragraph is confused but I don't know what it is supposed to mean to correct it. --rmhermen

Maybe it's what it says it is: a star with a planet. Joao

Coming in a bit late, let me ask, was the planet #3 on the extrasolar list? Trekphiler 06:39, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

title: Talk:70 Virginis


text:
671

Year 671 (DCLXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 671 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events

 * December 7 – An annular solar eclipse is visible from Tibet to the Maghreb.

Europe

 * Perctarit returns to Lombardy from exile and reclaims his realm, which is being ruled on behalf of Garibald, since his father King Grimoald I died. He deposes the young king, and becomes the new ruler of the Lombard Kingdom in Italy. During his reign Perctarit makes Catholicism the official religion, but does not recognize papal authority. Grimoald is buried in the St. Ambrogio Church (Milan).

Britain

 * Battle of Two Rivers: King Ecgfrith of Northumbria defeats the Picts under King Drest VI, in the vicinity of Moncreiffe Island, near Perth (Scotland). After the battle the Picts are reduced to slavery, and subject to the yoke of captivity for the next 14 years.

Asia

 * Yijing, Chinese Buddhist monk, travels by boat from Guangzhou, and visits the capital of the partly Buddhist kingdom of Srivijaya in Palembang (Indonesia). He stays for 6 months to study Sanskrit grammar and the Malay language.
 * June 10 – Emperor Tenji introduces a water clock (clepsydra) called Rokoku. The instrument, which measures time and indicates hours, is placed in the capital of Ōtsu in Japan.
 * Silla seizes control of the former Baekje capital of Sabi from the Tang Protectorate General to Pacify the East.

Births

 * Sigebert IV, Frankish prince (approximate date)

Deaths

 * Grimoald I, king of the Lombards

title: 671


text:
673

Year 673 (DCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 673 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * Spring – King Chlothar III of Neustria and Burgundy dies after a reign of 16 years, in which he has been a puppet — roi fainéant — of the Neustrian mayor of the palace, Ebroin. He is buried in the Basilica of St. Denis, and succeeded by his brother Theuderic III.
 * Burgundian nobles, under the leadership of bishop Leodegar and Adalrich, invite Childeric II to become king in Neustria and Burgundy. He invades Theuderic's kingdom and displaces his brother, becoming sole king of the Frankish Kingdom.
 * September 3 – King Wamba of the Visigoths puts down the revolt by Hilderic, governor of Nîmes and rival for the throne. He captures the rebel leaders, who are brought to trial and, for their crimes, scalped and imprisoned for life.

Britain

 * King Frithuwold of Surrey flourishes under Mercian domination. The marriage of his daughter Osgyth to King Sighere of Essex breaks down. She desires the religious life, and flees the Essex court to the protection of bishop Bedwinus of North Elmham (Norfolk).
 * King Domangart mac Domnaill of Dál Riata (Scotland) dies, and is succeeded by his nephew Máel Dúin mac Conaill. He probably submits to King Ecgfrith of Northumbria as his overlord.
 * July 4 – King Ecgberht I of Kent dies after a reign of nearly 9 years. He is succeeded by his brother Hlothhere.

Asia

 * March 20 – Emperor Tenmu assumes the Chrysanthemum throne of Japan at the Palace of Kiyomihara, in Asuka.

Religion

 * Æthelthryth, Anglo-Saxon princess, returns to East Anglia and founds the Abbey of Ely (Cambridgeshire). At about this time a small nunnery is also founded in her name, in Stow Green.
 * The Council of Hertford is held and convened by Theodore of Tarsus, archbishop of Canterbury. The council makes canons for the English Church.

Births

 * Æthelburg, queen of Wessex (approximate date)
 * Bede, Anglo-Saxon theologian and historian (or 672)
 * Guthlac of Crowland, Anglo-Saxon hermit (d. 714)
 * Pega, Anglo-Saxon anchoress (approximate date)
 * Zhang Jiuling, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 740)

Deaths

 * July 4 – Ecgberht, king of Kent
 * August 18 – Kim Yu-shin, general of Silla (b. 595)
 * Agilbert, Anglo-Saxon bishop (approximate date)
 * Chlothar III, king of Neustria and Burgundy (b. 652)
 * Domangart mac Domnaill, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)
 * Remaclus, Frankish missionary (approximate date)
 * Yan Liben, painter and official of the Tang dynasty
 * Ziyad ibn Abi Sufyan, Muslim general

title: 673


text:
674

Year 674 (DCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 674 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * Siege of Constantinople: The Arab fleet enters the Sea of Marmara and appears before the southern walls of Constantinople, in an attempt to blockade the Byzantine capital.
 * April – A Muslim expeditionary force disembarks on the Thracian shore (near Hebdomon), and lays siege to the massive Theodosian Walls, on the landward side to the west.
 * Summer – Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, companion and standard-bearer of Muhammad, is killed during the first attempt of the siege of the city (approximate date).
 * Winter – Arab forces under Yazid (son of caliph Muawiyah I) retire to Cyzicus (Turkey). For the next 4 years the Arab fleet installs a loose blockade around Constantinople.

Europe

 * The Muslim-Arabs raid Crete, killing and enslaving many soldiers (approximate date).

Britain

 * King Ecgfrith of Northumbria defeats a coalition led by the Mercians. He annexes the region of Lindsey (Lincolnshire).
 * King Æscwine succeeds his father Cenfus as ruler of Wessex (approximate date).

Asia

 * King Vikramaditya I of Chalukya defeats the Pallavan army in battle, and destroys its capital Kanchi (modern India).
 * In Korea, Anapji is constructed by order of King Munmu of Silla.
 * In Japan, Princess Ōku proceeds to the Ise Jingu.

Religion

 * Æthelthryth, former queen of Northumbria, gives large areas of land to bishop Wilfrid to found Hexham Abbey.
 * The Monkwearmouth monastery is founded by Benedict Biscop in Northumbria.
 * The first glass windows are placed in English churches (approximate date).

Births

 * Poppo, king (duke) of Frisia (d. 734)
 * Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik, Muslim caliph (approximate date)

Deaths

 * Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, friend (sahabah) of Muhammad (approximate date)
 * Hassan ibn Thabit, Arab poet and companion of Muhammad
 * Hongren, Chán (Buddhist) patriarch of the Tang dynasty (b. 601)
 * Seaxburh, queen of Wessex (approximate date)

title: 674


text:
675

Year 675 (DCLXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 675 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * King Childeric II is murdered by a band of dissatisfied Neustrians, along with his wife Bilichild and 5-year-old son Dagobert, while hunting in the forest of Livry (modern-day Lognes) near Chelles.
 * Theuderic III retakes the throne of his elder brother Childeric II. He inherits the Frankish kingdoms of Neustria and Burgundy.
 * Clovis III, an illegitimate son of Chlothar III, is proclaimed king of Austrasia by the Austrasian nobles.

Britain

 * King Wulfhere of Mercia dies after a 17-year reign, in which he has extended his sway over much of England south of the Humber River, including Essex, Surrey, and part of Wessex north of the Thames. Wulfhere is succeeded by his brother Æthelred.
 * April 1 – King Hlothhere of Kent re-establishes Kentish supremacy in London.

Asia

 * 25-year-old poet Wang Bo (王勃) writes Tengwang Ge Xu, to celebrate the Tengwang Pavilion (approximate date).
 * January 5 – In Japan, a platform to observe the stars for astrologers is erected for the first time.
 * March 14 – Princess Tōchi and Princess Abe of Japan proceed to Ise Jingū.
 * March 16 – Emperor Tenmu decrees the end of serfdom. He also orders an end to granting lands to Princes of the Blood, to Princes and to Ministers and Temples.
 * May 8 – Tenmu issues a decree to distribute the tax-rice for peasants in poverty, as well as a decree regulating fishing and hunting, and ordering a halt to eating the flesh of cattle, horses, dogs, monkeys and barn-yard fowl, a prohibition which lasts until 1872.
 * Some Japanese ministers who oppose Tenmu are banished to an isolated island. A man climbs the hill east of the Palace, curses the emperor and kills himself.
 * September 16 – A typhoon strikes Japan.

Religion

 * The abbeys of Abingdon and Bath, England are founded (approximate date).
 * Aldhelm is made abbot of Malmesbury Abbey in England.

Births

 * Boniface, Anglo-Saxon missionary (approximate date)
 * Huoching, Alamannic nobleman (approximate date)
 * Niu Xianke, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 742)
 * Tervel, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire (d. 721)
 * Wigbert, Anglo-Saxon monk (approximate date)

Deaths

 * February 18 – Colmán, bishop of Lindisfarne
 * February 21 – Randoald of Grandval, prior of the Benedictine monastery of Grandval
 * May 25 – Li Hong, prince of the Tang dynasty (b. 652)
 * Amandus, bishop and saint
 * Bilichild, Frankish queen
 * Childeric II, king of the Franks
 * Germanus of Granfelden, Frankish abbot
 * Lupus I, duke of Aquitaine (approximate date)
 * Máel Dub, Irish monk (approximate date)
 * Wulfhere, king of Mercia

title: 675


text:
676

Year 676 (DCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 676 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * Summer – Siege of Constantinople: Caliph Muawiyah I sends his son Yazid with Muslim reinforcements to Constantinople. At the same time, the Byzantines have to face a Slavic attack on Thessaloniki and Lombard attacks in Italy.

Europe

 * Dagobert II, son of the late king Sigibert III, becomes (partly with the help of Bishop Wilfrid) the new ruler of Austrasia, after his predecessor Clovis III is murdered.

Britain

 * King Æthelred of Mercia invades Kent, in an attempt to enforce overlordship and diminish Kentish influence in Surrey and London. His armies destroy the Diocese of Rochester (seat of the bishops in West Kent), and ravage the surrounding countryside.
 * King Æscwine of Wessex dies after a 2-year reign, and is succeeded by Centwine, son of the late king Cynegils. He reasserts the power of his Anglo-Saxon kingdom over the Welsh.

Asia

 * Emperor Tenmu of Japan promulgates a decree about taxes from fiefs, and the employment of persons for the service from the outer provinces. Men of distinguished ability are allowed to enter the service, even though they are of the common people, regardless of their ranks.
 * The broad-based peninsular effort under Silla's leadership, to prevent Chinese domination of Korea, succeeds in forcing Chinese troops to withdraw into Manchuria, in northeast China.

Religion

 * Aldhelm, Anglo-Saxon scholar-poet, founds Malmesbury Abbey on the site of the hermitage of his old tutor Máel Dub.
 * Æthelred of Mercia founds the monastery at Breedon on the Hill on the site of The Bulwarks, an Iron Age hill fort.
 * June 17 – Pope Adeodatus II dies at Rome after a reign of 4 years. He is succeeded by Donus as the 78th pope.
 * Cuthbert of Lindisfarne retires to a hermitage near Holburn, at a place now known as St. Cuthbert's Cave.

Births

 * January 28 – Toneri, Japanese prince (d. 735)
 * John of Damascus, Syrian monk and priest (approximate date)
 * Muhammad al-Baqir, fifth Shia Imam (approximate date; d. 733)

Deaths

 * June 17 – Pope Adeodatus II
 * Æscwine, king of Wessex
 * Clovis III, king of Austrasia
 * Le Yanwei, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
 * Mangsong Mangtsen, emperor of Tibet
 * Wang Bo, Chinese poet

title: 676


text:
677

Year 677 (DCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 677 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * The Onogur Bulgars are scattered by the Khazars, who then establish a great Steppe empire, centered on the Lower Volga. The Onogurs depart to the Pannonian Plain.
 * Warinus, Frankish nobleman, is stoned to death near Arras, because of a feud between his brother, Leodegar (bishop of Autun), and Ebroin, the Mayor of the Palace of Neustria.
 * 25 – 27 July: Climax of the Siege of Thessalonica: Slavic forces launch a large-scale assault on the city walls, but are repelled.

Asia

 * Tang China declares the deposed Bojang of Goguryeo "King of Joseon", placing him in charge of the Liaodong area under the Protectorate General to Pacify the East.

Americas

 * At Pulil, the army of Calakmul vanquishes the insurgency led by Nuun Ujol Chaak, meaning B'alaj Chan K'awiil is able to return to rule Dos Pilas, from his exile in the kingdom of Hix Witz.

Births

 * Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik, Arab general (approximate date)
 * Clovis IV, King of the Franks (d. 694)
 * Muḥammad ibn ‘Alī, fifth Shi'a Imam; d. 733)
 * Nanyue Huairang, Chinese Zen Buddhist patriarch (d. 744)

Deaths

 * Constantine I, patriarch of Constantinople
 * Drest VI, king of the Picts
 * Vincent Madelgarius, Frankish monk
 * Warinus, Frankish nobleman

title: 677


text:
678

Year 678 (DCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 678 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * July 27 – The Siege of Thessalonica (676–678) ends, when the Sclaveni withdraw.
 * Autumn – Siege of Constantinople: Emperor Constantine IV confronts the Arab besiegers in a head-on engagement. The Byzantine fleet, equipped with Greek fire, destroys the Muslim fleet at Sillyon, ending the Arab threat to Europe, and forcing Yazid (a son of caliph Muawiyah I) to lift the siege on land and sea. The victory also frees up forces that are sent to raise the two-year siege of Thessalonica by the local Slavic tribes.

Britain

 * King Æthelred of Mercia defeats the Northumbrian forces under King Ecgfrith, in a battle near the River Trent. Archbishop Theodore helps to resolve differences between the two, Æthelred agreeing to pay a weregild to avoid any resumption of hostilities (approximate date).

Japan

 * April 27 – Emperor Tenmu holds divination for the purpose of proceeding to the Abstinence Palace.
 * May 3 – Princess Tōchi suddenly takes ill and dies within the palace. Tenmu, her father, is unable to sacrifice to the Gods of Heaven and Earth.
 * May 10 – Tōchi is buried at a place which could be Akō (Hyōgo Prefecture). Tenmu is graciously pleased to raise lament for her.

Religion

 * Wilfrid, bishop of York, is at the height of his power and owns vast estates throughout Northumbria. After his refusal to agree to a division of his see, Ecgfrith and Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, have him banished from Northumbria.
 * April 11 – Pope Donus dies at Rome, after a reign of 1 year and 160 days. He is succeeded by Agatho I, who becomes the 79th pope. He is the first pope to stop paying tribute to Emperor Constantine IV upon election.
 * In Japan, the national worshiping to the Gods of Heaven and Earth is planned. Tenmu tries to select his daughter Tōchi as a Saiō to make her serve the Gods. However, Tōchi suddenly takes ill and dies.
 * The Beomeosa temple complex in Geumjeong-gu (modern South Korea) is constructed, during the reign of King Munmu of Silla.

Births

 * Childebert III, Merovingian Frankish king and son of Theuderic III
 * Childebrand I, duke of Burgundy (d. 751)
 * K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Maya ruler of Palenque

Deaths

 * April 11 – Pope Donus
 * May 3 – Tōchi, Japanese princess
 * Abdullah ibn Aamir, Arab general (b. 626)
 * Ælfwine, king of Deira (approximate date)
 * Aisha, wife of Muhammad
 * Arbogast, bishop of Strasbourg
 * Nathalan, Scottish bishop
 * Wechtar, Lombard duke of Friuli
 * Zhang Wenguan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 606)

title: 678


text:
AD 679

Year 679 (DCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 679 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * Emperor Constantine IV signs a peace treaty, of a nominal 30-year duration, with Caliph Muawiyah I of the Umayyad Caliphate. Constantine pays an annual tribute of 3,000 (nomismata) pounds of gold, 50 horses and 50 slaves. The Arab garrisons are withdrawn from their bases on the Byzantine coastlands, including Crete & Cyzicus.

Europe

 * December 23 – King Dagobert II is murdered in a hunting accident, near Stenay-sur-Meuse (Ardennes), probably on orders from Pepin of Herstal, the mayor of the palace of Austrasia. He is succeeded by Theuderic III, who becomes sole ruler of the Frankish Kingdom.

Britain

 * King Æthelred of Mercia marries Princess Osthryth, sister of King Ecgfrith of Northumbria (approximate date).

Americas

 * Nuun Ujol Chaak, an ajaw of the Maya city of Tikal, is by this year deceased, after his final defeat at the hands of B'alaj Chan K'awiil, during the Second Tikal-Calakmul War.

Religion

 * Adomnán, clerical lawyer, becomes abbot of the monastery of Iona Abbey, located on the island of Iona (modern Scotland).
 * October 2 – Leodegar, bishop of Autun, is tortured and executed by Neustrian nobles at Fécamp (Normandy).

Births

 * Sima Zhen, Chinese historian (d. 732)
 * Zachary, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 752)

Deaths

 * June 23 – Æthelthryth, queen of Northumbria
 * October 2, Leodegar, bishop of Autun
 * December 23 – Dagobert II, king of Austrasia
 * Ælfwine, king of Deira (approximate date)
 * Cenn Fáelad mac Ailella, Irish scholar
 * Dai Zhide, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
 * Sigebert IV, Frankish prince (approximate date)
 * Xu Yushi, chancellor of the Tang dynasty

title: AD 679


text:
690

Year 690 (DCXC) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 690 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Britain

 * King Oswine of Kent is toppled by Wihtred, brother of the late king Eadric of Kent, after a 2-year reign. He takes his lands north of the River Thames, in revenge against the East Saxons (approximate date).

Asia

 * October 16 – Wu Zetian ascends to the throne of the Tang dynasty, and proclaims herself ruler of the Chinese Empire as "Holy and Divine Emperor". She becomes the first and only female "emperor" in 5,000 years of Chinese history. Wu Zetian changes the dynasty's name to the Zhou dynasty, and begins to murder throne pretendants and ministers who try to oppose her. During her reign she elevates the status of Buddhism above Taoism.

Entertainment

 * The approximate date of the earliest known blindfold chess, played by Sa'id ibn Jubayr

Religion

 * Willibrord, Anglo-Saxon missionary, travels from York with 12 Benedictine monks to Westkapelle, (modern Netherlands) to Christianize the pagan Frisians.
 * September 19 – Theodore of Tarsus, age 88, dies at Canterbury. He is succeeded by Berhtwald as the 9th Archbishop of Canterbury (approximate date).

Births

 * Ashot III, Armenian prince (approximate date)
 * Rhodri Molwynog ap Idwal, king of Gwynedd (approximate date)

Deaths

 * September 19 – Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 602)
 * Aimé, Swiss bishop and saint
 * Amalberga of Maubeuge, Lotharingian saint (approximate date)
 * Benedict Biscop, Anglo-Saxon abbot
 * Bertha of Val d'Or, Frankish abbess (approximate date)
 * Julian, archbishop of Toledo (b. 642)
 * Kusaila, Berber leader (approximate date)
 * Landrada, Frankish abbess (approximate date)
 * Nukata, Japanese poet (b. c. 630)
 * Oswine, king of Kent (approximate date)

title: 690


text:
692

Year 692 (DCXCII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 692 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * Battle of Sebastopolis: The Byzantine army under Leontios is defeated at Sebastopolis, (modern Turkey) by Arab forces led by Muhammad ibn Marwan. During the battle, a "special military corps" (some 20,000 Slavs) under Neboulos deserts the Byzantine lines, and goes over to the Muslim Arabs.
 * Arab–Byzantine War: Muslims conquer Armenia, Iberia and Colchis, the last remaining Byzantine holdings east of the Taurus Mountains. Emperor Justinian II is forced to agree to joint Byzantine-Arab control of Cyprus, in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (approximate date).

Britain

 * King Ine of Wessex installs his kinsman, Nothelm, as ruler of Sussex. According to Bede, Sussex is subjected to Ine for a number of years.

Asia

 * Empress Wu Zetian regains control of the Kingdom of Khotan in the Tarim Basin (Northwest China).

Mesoamerica

 * The Temple of the Cross at Palenque (Mexico) is constructed to commemorate the rise of King K'inich Kan B'alam II to the throne (approximate date).

Religion

 * The Quinisext Council is held in Constantinople; it lays the foundation for the Orthodox canon law. Justinian II suppresses non-Orthodox religious practices, and orders the arrest of Pope Sergius I; the militias of Rome and the Exarchate of Ravenna refuse, and take the pope's side.

Births

 * Gundelina, Frankish abbess

Deaths

 * Abd-Allah ibn al-Zubayr, Arab sahabi (b. 624)
 * Asmā' bint Abi Bakr, companion of Muhammad
 * B'alaj Chan K'awiil, a Maya ruler of Dos Pilas (b. 625)
 * Two Ewalds, Saxon priests (approximate date)
 * Chrothildis, Frankish queen regent

title: 692