text:
Ivan Novikoff

Ivan Novikoff (August 26, 1899 – March 20, 2002) was a ballet master.

Born in Kazan, Russia, Novikoff studied and graduated from the Imperial Ballet School aka Mariinsky. He fled to Harbin, China because of the Russian Revolution of 1917 at age 17, where he taught dance for the community of Russians.

In 1923, he immigrated to the United States, where he continued teaching ballet until his death. After arriving in San Francisco, Novikoff moved to New York City, where Novikoff and his brother Boris Novikoff together directed Metropolitan Opera Ballet Company. Moving westwards to Seattle, he founded the Novikoff School of Russian-American Ballet in the early 1950s and received the Governor's Heritage Award (of the state of Washington) in 1989. Novikoff followed in the footsteps of his lifetime inspiration Michael Forkin in pure Classic Russian Artistry.

Among his students in Seattle were Robert Joffrey and Gerald Arpino. Leona Wood, the founder of Aman Folk Ensemble, Richard Ingram, one of the choreographers of Royal Ballet and Mark Morris the director of Mark Morris Company, Erricka Shebass, a former principal dancer of Oakland Ballet Company.

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: Ivan Novikoff


text: Talk:Gaspra

title: Talk:Gaspra


text:
Airborne Warning and Control System

Airborne Warning and Control System, or AWACS, may refer to:

 * Airborne early warning and control (AEW&C), a general term for the type of aircraft used in this role
 * Boeing E-3 Sentry, the aircraft developed under the United States Air Force's "Airborne Warning and Control System" program

title: Airborne Warning and Control System


text:
Talk:Ramones/Archive 1

Possible copyvio
copyright alert -- this article looks like a cut-and paste job from various web sources such as etc. — Preceding unsigned comment added by The Anome (talk • contribs) 16:21, 1 April 2002 (UTC)
 * http://www.cultdeadcow.com/cDc_files/cDc-0119.txt
 * http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/singerUnid/FAE7A27A2D587F4848256A0D00260E76
 * http://venus.spaceports.com/~ivo/history.html

Photo size
This photo is much too large. It spans more than the width of a page, and covers up text. --RickK (talk) 03:11, 5 September 2003 (UTC)

Orphaned quotation mark
There is an orphaned quotation mark at the end of the "influences" section but it is not evident where the opening quote should go. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Editdroid (talk • contribs) 06:20, 4 April 2005 (UTC)

"Hugely influential" POV
Re: today's edit - The Ramones *were* a "hugely" influential punk band. This isn't "point of view", it's documented fact, from testimony of the countless musicians who claim to have been influenced by them. --feline1 (talk) 08:19, 26 April 2005 (UTC)

Rhapsody link
Added a link to rhapsody, I suggest people get the service if they want the LP experience, I know it kinda devalues our CD collections, but I had 200 CD's before I got on rhapsody. Its the best experience if you are really into music. --Rofthorax (talk) 20:02, 2 August 2005 (UTC)

Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
"In 2002, the band was introduced to the Rock N' Roll Hall of Fame. At the ceremony, Johnny, Tommy, Marky and Dee Dee spoke on behalf of the band. Johnny blessed George Bush and its Presidency. Dee Dee congratulated and thanked himself. He died two months later of a heroin overdose."

Shouldn't it be : "At the ceremony, Joey, Tommy, Marky and Dee Dee spoke on behalf of the band"? — Preceding unsigned comment added by 213.39.132.45 (talk • contribs) 15:04, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * No, it's correct as stated. oey was already deceased when the band was inducted into the RNR Hall of Fame. --Myles Long/cDc (talk) 16:39, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

"Ramones" vs. "The Ramones"
The band name was actually "Ramones", not "The Ramones". When used in a sentence, the word "the" is added for sentence flow. But there is no "the" in the title. It is the same with the Pixies and the Eagles. The article title should be switched to "Ramones". --Kevinsnow (talk) 21:00, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * Go ahead and move it; that's the beauty of wiki. --Myles Long/cDc (talk) 22:28, 24 August 2005 (UTC)

 * i was about to say the same thing, i'll move it --Spute] ([[User talk:Spute|talk)] 13:05, 2 September 2005 (UTC)

 * Since nobody has actually done it, I will. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 81.86.254.143 (talk • contribs) 00:50, 3 September 2005 (UTC)

Muscial activists?
Why are they listed as musical activists? Aside from Bonzo goes to Germany, they really didn't have any "political" songs. As a band, they didn't have a political stance and as far as I know, they never played benefits, or donated band money to any activist organization. I would suggest removing them from the Musical Activist category. --BTChicago (talk) 20:12, 6 January 2006 (UTC)

 * In the End of the Century documentary, it seemed like they were doing a benerfit concert of some kind, don't remember for what and how common it was, but still... --惑乱 分からん (talk) 14:42, 18 January 2006 (UTC)

 * That was Joey doing a benefit for the Democratic Party, not the Ramones. They never did politics, because Joey and Johnny disagreed so much. I'd feel better if Johnny and Joey were seperately listed as activists than the group as a whole. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 203.208.71.144 (talk • contribs) 14:16, 22 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I would agree with 203.208.71.144's suggestion that Joey and Johnny each be listed as musical activists, as opposed to the band. --BTChicago (talk) 03:30, 23 January 2006 (UTC)

Some template
To my opinion this Ramones template or whatever it is called needs some clean-up time. Maybe the "Discography" section should be split up into seperate categories like "singles", "albums"... If I would know how to do that I would, but I don't. And Editing stuff like that is a bit ahead of me. --MrDeBeuker (talk) 13:33, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

Interview with a dead man
"According to Joey, in an interview prior to his death". Prior to Joey's or Ritchies' death? If Joey's death is meant here "prior to his death" should obviously be removed, otherwise the sentence should be reworded. --MrDeBeuker (talk) 10:51, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

Second punk rock band?
I think this is a matter of opinion and should not be included in the opening section of the article. The article also doesn't clarify who the first punk band was if it wasn't the Ramones (The Stooges, perhaps?). Personally, I think they were the first. --A.M. Thomas (talk) 18:59, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

If there are no objections I will change the first sentence to "The Ramones are widely considered to be a seminal punk rock band;" I think this is more ambiguous and less one-sided. Any thoughts on this would be appreciated. --A.M. Thomas (talk) 19:02, 25 January 2006 (UTC)

 * The phrase implies that there are some who do not think the Ramones are "a seminal punk rock band," which is absurd. Perhaps change "a seminal punk rock band" to "the seminal punk rock band." Then again, I'd have no problem with stating that they are "the first punk rock band," as that's how allmusic.com refers to them. Why not "widely considered to be the first punk rock band"? --Willerror (talk) 02:42, 29 January 2006 (UTC)

 * They're definitely one of the first but not necessarily the first. The New York Dolls formed a few years earlier, and The Stooges laid the foundation for punk rock before punk rock existed. -- keep sleep ing   slack   off!  16:19, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, what about "one of the first punk bands and are widely considered to be the most influential" or "most important"? I think it needs to be stated right off that the Ramones occupy a special place in rock history, something different from the Dolls and the Stooges--great though those bands are, the Ramones captured something they did not. I think that should be reflected by acknowledging that right off. --Willerror (talk) 20:17, 30 January 2006 (UTC)

 * What you guys forget is that they never called themselves a "Punk" band. The Stooges and the Dolls were influences for punk, but especially in the case of the Dolls they were more glam rock. --195.92.168.175 (talk) 22:35, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

 * It doesn't matter much what someone considers himself to be. War criminals generally don't consider themselves to be war criminals either. --MrDeBeuker (talk) 00:08, 1 February 2006 (UTC)

 * the ramones are so often considered the first simply because they were probably the purest punk there was, and no one would dispute it, while the stooges (who came before the term 'punk rock') were more diverse and glammy. anyone who could write a song like 'we will fall' really isn't punk. they are generally considered hard rock. --Joeyramoney (talk) 20:53, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

Template fix
Can someone fix the Ramones template? All The Stuff (And More!) Volume 1 appears as a dead link in the template. But the article is under a different name. --MrDeBeuker (talk) 06:32, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Post- 'Century' decline in quality
this article describes eotc as one of the 'not so great' albums, which doesn't necesarily alude to the metallic crap that they had churned out consistently afterwards. say what you will about 'too tough to die', but that isn't the stuff we remember them for. few bands are as good as their first few albums, but the difference is pretty well marked for the ramones, and that's why i think someone should mention the post-eotc decline in quality. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Joeyramoney (talk • contribs) 20:46, 3 February 2006 (UTC)

 * Or, alternately, the "First Albums" section should be expanded to highlight how highly acclaimed their '70s output is, rather than simply talking about other punk bands and how Tommy cooked potatoes. Talk of the lackluster albums should be tempered by their never-ending tour schedule and inability to break into the mainstream. --Willerror (talk) 20:01, 4 February 2006 (UTC)

Punk rock?
Johnny Ramone stated in an interview that he did not think that the Ramones were any more punk than the Beatles and that they did not play punk rock, but rock n' roll. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikikrieg (talk • contribs) 23:52, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I believe that in several interviews that Everett True had with the bandmembers, they often said they were hust an underground Rock N Roll band and felt that Punk was a label tagged to them which stopped them getting Radio play. There's no doubt in my mind however that they will be remembered as a punk band. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.92.168.173 (talk • contribs) 23:24, 19 March 2006 (UTC)

Steve Brickman
In addition, though alleged by his family to be the primary drummer for The Ramones, Steve Brickman, in fact, never played with the band. What is that about? A citation or reference link would be nice. --BlueGlowGuardian (talk) 02:43, 14 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Couldn't find any references on this, or references to who Steve Brickman could be, leading to the conclusion that some kid decided to write himself or a friend into the article. Bah! and delete. --Ziggurat (talk) 20:46, 15 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Steve Brickman was an original figure in the New York Underground Rock and Roll music scene. Never has he been considered a primary drummer for the Ramones but has been credited to perform with them as many other drummers have during the shaping and formation of the Ramones in the late '70's. This is not Steve's only collaboration with the many bands he has written and performed with during his career. Besides, who cares? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Foofoo212 (talk • contribs) 20:47, 24 March 2006 (UTC)

 * My word, how did you get even here. Steve was NEVER a drummer for the Ramones. That was left to the extremely talented Mister Bell. Steve did though have the honor to drum, befriend and associate with many great musicians of that era, certainly to many to mention here under such poor conditions during the 1970's. Though Steve has had the privelage to play and associate with these talented artists, please believe this should not be mistaken for receiving any false credit. Whom Steve knew and he cherished honors and those who perished always will be dear to certainly his heart. Call Steve a fake, call him a fraud, or how about guilty by association, but the plain truth is Steve was there. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 68.36.70.196 (talk • contribs) 00:45, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

Bonzo Goes to Bitburg
The article states that Johnny refused to play the song when he figured out what it was about. Is there confirmation of this? Johnny would have to be pretty dense; I figured it out in high school. It was released in 1986, and I have a DVD of them playing BGTB in 1992 in Cologne. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.232.77.240 (talk • contribs) 02:18, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

 * OK, if there's no cite made for this claim by Dec 18 '05, I'm going to delete that sentence. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 207.62.88.12 (talk • contribs) 20:26, 14 December 2005 (UTC)

 * The song was written by Dee Dee not Joey. The dispute was over the title,which Johnny didn't like. They comprimised on the album it was called 'Howling at the Moon (Sha-la-la)' and on the single 'Bonzo Goes to Bitburg'. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Lenbrazil (talk • contribs) 14:12, 29 December 2005 (UTC)

 * My Brain Is Hangin Upside Down was written by BOTH Joey and Dee Dee. Jean Beavoir also contributed. Johnny did play that song live even though it was against his values and opinions. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Wikikrieg (talk • contribs) 16:20, 30 December 2005 (UTC)

 * I think BGTB was actually renamed 'My Brain Is Hanging Upside Down' - My copy of 'BTBG' Beggars Banquet 1985, my copy of 'Animal Boy' Sire 1986. Also 'Poison Heart:Surviving The Ramones' Dee DeeRamone, pp 118 - 119. — Preceding unsigned comment added by DuncanTilley (talk • contribs) 18:54, 2 January 2006 (UTC)

 * I Saw them in '93 and they played it. Johnny played it like he loved it. He was always my favourite Ramoone. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.92.168.168 (talk • contribs) 12:53, 5 January 2006 (UTC)

 * Duncan is right, it was renamed "My Brain Is Hanging Upside Down"-"Howling At The Moon (Sha-la-la)" is a completely different song. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 195.93.21.137 (talk • contribs) 21:17, 8 March 2006 (UTC)

 * It was played at every show (or at least most of them) from early '87 to some time in '95. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 200.1.17.105 (talk • contribs) 22:50, 27 March 2006 (UTC)

Singles listing messed up
What the HELL is that thing at the bottom listing their singles? It looks like it was once a table of somes sort but the monsters of bad Wiki markup ate it. This article is just messed up. --Lwieise -=- Talk to Me 04:06, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I'm going to remove the cleanup tag on the singles section. It looks like our friend 84.183.173.191 fixed that mess. Also Jakiša Tomić fixed the members section. Let us give them both a big round of applause! --Lwieise -=- Talk to Me 08:08, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Thank you. By the way, some vandal from 83.233.7.69 have deleted large part of the article. I don't know what profit he have with that... --Jakiša Tomić (talk) 22:34, 1 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I think that deletion may have been an accident. Like you said, there really was no profit in it. Oh well...it is fixed now. --Lwieise -=- Talk to Me 00:30, 2 May 2006 (UTC)

Source of "Gabba Gabba Hey!"
I found this in the Famous Fans section: "a pinhead that held up a sign that read, "Gabba Gabba Hey" when they would play the song Pinhead. The pinhead was named Gabby Hey. This name was given to him by either Uncle Floyd or a member of The Uncle Floyd Show cast (The Ramones appeared on The Uncle Floyd Show at least 15 times)." Can someone please validate this claim or at least make it grammatically correct. I have no idea where it came from. --Lwieise -=- Talk to Me 04:32, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

 * It's from the 1930s horror film Freaks--it's a chant the freaks sing to initiate a new "member." --Willerror (talk) 16:12, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Thanks, it has been a while since I have seen that movie so I'm not familiar with it. Could you find some way to incorporate it into the main article? Thanks! --Lwieise -=- Talk to Me 18:21, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

Vandalism
Okay, who messed with the layout? It looks horrendous now. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 69.152.202.108 (talk • contribs) 23:22, 27 April 2006 (UTC)

 * Okay, i fixed it should be fine now — Preceding unsigned comment added by 84.183.173.191 (talk • contribs) 15:24, 30 April 2006 (UTC)

 * I think this vandalism has been missed, it seriously messed things up. — Preceding unsigned comment added by Jamie Kitson (talk • contribs) 20:14, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

Songs with Ramones references
There is a song by some band and it is called DEADRAMONES. But I really cannot remember the name of the band and can't add it to Ramones References until I do. Has anyone ever heard the song or know who sings it? --TearAwayTheFunerealDress (talk) 16:32, 28 November 2005 (UTC)

 * It's D.E.A.D.R.A.M.O.N.E.S. by Modern Life Is War. Check Google, the top listing has an MP3. --CambridgeBayWeather (talk) 10:30, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

 * Ok. Thanks much. --TearAwayTheFunerealDress (talk) 15:05, 29 November 2005 (UTC)

 * This entire section is getting ridiculous. I vote for deletion of the section. --Willerror (talk) 17:53, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Famous Fans
I think this section is getting a little overgrown. Seriously, EVERY punk group can list the Ramones as an influenece. I think we should shave it down to the ones that are entirely neseccary and/or are interesting. There also appears to be a bit of vandalism or just bad editing. --Lwieise -=- Talk to Me 04:00, 29 April 2006 (UTC)

 * This section is ridiculous, don't you think? Other bands don't have "Famous Fans" sections. --Willerror (talk) 17:56, 5 May 2006 (UTC)

Add Brain Drain photo
Can someone add the Brain Drain cover image to the studio discography? For the life of me I can't figure out how to do it. Thanks. --Willerror (talk) 16:45, 10 May 2006 (UTC)

References and Tributes
After look at the pages for the Rolling Stones and the Beatles, which have no section for Ref's and Trib's, I'm of the mind that the entire section should be *deleted*. It looks sloppy, a lot of it is poorly written, and it's obvious it's only going to get worse since now (alas) the Ramones are more popular than ever. I vote for complete deletion of this section. --Willerror (talk) 16:19, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Can we make a seperate article *specifically* for refs and tributes? I agree that it is growing out of hand and I have a few ideas to reorganize it, should it be kept, but I can easily apply the same ideas to the list on another article. --Lwieise -=- Talk to Me 18:16, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Honestly, the more I read this article, the more disappointed I am in it. From its terrible run-on opening sentence, "The Ramones were an influential early punk rock band, believed by many to have been the first and also seen as the fathers of pop-punk and are said to have kick started the British punk movement" to its endless list of inconsequential references and links that go nowhere, I daresay an entire revamp is in order. --Willerror (talk) 21:50, 4 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Seriously, the whole Ref's and Trib's section has got to go. No other band seems to have one; why do the Ramones? Is every little snippet of a Ramones song in a TV show or movie going to be catalogued? Every TV appearance? Leave that for the fan sites. Anybody wanna weigh in? --Willerror (talk) 04:08, 6 May 2006 (UTC)

 * I've removed this section. No other band really has one, it was getting too long and unwieldy, no sources, grammatically poor entries, pointless entries, etc., etc. I think it cleans up the whole article. --Willerror (talk) 15:23, 9 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Actually, The Beatles have something similar, but in a seperate article - The Beatles' influence on popular culture. In The KLF article (also up as a FAC) we have a section on influence, but it's prose and short. Definitely the list you had was overkill, but you probably ought to have something on their legacy. --kingboyk (talk) 13:27, 16 May 2006 (UTC)

Complete track listings
I’ve noticed how only the first four Ramones albums contain the Rhino re-release bonus tracks however all the albums from Ramones to Too Tough To Die have been re-released with bonus so cold some one please add the bonus tracks to the fallowing albums; End of the Century, Pleasant Dreams, Subterranean Jungle, Too Tough to Die. — Preceding unsigned comment added by KChuck27 (talk • contribs) 22:30, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

 * Done but without track lengths. --Jakiša Tomić (talk) 23:09, 27 May 2006 (UTC)

The first punk rock band
I would suggest the following change: Instead of "The Ramones were a punk rock band," it ought to read "The Ramones were the FIRST punk rock band." I think that most music historians and enthusiasts would agree that they were the first band to meld all of the requisite elements of punk rock music into an identifiable genre. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.210.125.16 (talk • contribs) 06:58, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

It is often rightly said that the Ramones created punk, the Sex Pistols made it famous, and The Clash made it mainstream. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 12.210.125.16 (talk • contribs) 07:02, 15 December 2005 (UTC)

 * It could also be "rightly" said that the Ramones made rock and roll fun again, the Sux Pistols ruined the chance to make them popular by turning "punk" into some stupid fashion show, and Malcolm McLaren, John Lydon, et al. should be imprisoned for their crimes. But maybe that's just me... --Dujang Prang (talk) 15:29, 9 June 2006 (UTC)

The Ramones "was"?
Ugh. The Ramones "were" or the Ramones "are", but not the Ramones "was". I know "the Ramones" as a band is a single entity, but still, leading off this page with grammar that I think sets off alarms in most people's heads is simply a bad idea. --Willerror (talk) 21:32, 17 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Agreed. A plural as a band name is common and it is correct in that case to refer to the band as the composite of their members; a plural. I will also change the sentence: "The Ramones were a very influential early punk rock band, believed by many to be the first and also seen as the fathers of pop-punk". --Switch (talk) 12:39, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Band names are collective proper noun. "The Ramones was" is correct. All the members make up one band. The Ramones is a single entity (they are one band). Since the noun as a collective is singular, the proper verbs to use are "is" and "was," not "are" and "were." For example, "The United States is a country" not "The United States are a country." This has been discussed at several band articles. See the discussion on "is" and "are" here for band names ending with "s". Just because there are more hits does not make "are" right. Most people do not know how to use collective proper noun correctly. --RJN (talk) 12:44, 25 March 2006 (UTC)

 * Where a plural noun refers to a single entity comprised of several unique entities, either is acceptable. But when it vreates a grammatical contradiction, common sense should be applied. "Minor Threat were a band" and "Minor Threat was a band" are both grammatically correct. Technically, "The Ramones were" and "The Ramones was" are both acceptable, but the logical contradiction created by the latter makes it poor English. Perhaps we should change all instances of "impossible" to "unpossible", as that is technically a correct form? No. Language is not set in stone; correct use is defined by use. See the article on irony; using "irony" in place of incongruity is correct English, even if not "actually" correct. --Switch (talk) 14:12, 30 March 2006 (UTC)

 * This is an especially obvious case, due to the fact that the band members adopted the names and identities of "Ramones". Due to this they were frequently referred to as "a Ramone", "former Ramone", etc. The band name is a plural, not a singular collective noun. So, it is correct to write "The Ramones were..." --Rhobite (talk) 17:20, 8 April 2006 (UTC)

 * An unknown user changed the first line again from "were" to "was"--I switched it back. Again, "The Ramones were" is absolutely fine and acceptable. --Willerror (talk) 21:13, 11 June 2006 (UTC)

Assessment comment
Substituted at 21:58, 3 May 2016 (UTC)

title: Talk:Ramones/Archive 1


text:
Nederpop

Nederpop or Dutch pop music is pop music made by Dutch bands and artists.

The name is a play on the country's name in Dutch (Nederland). An English translation could be Netherpop. Nederpop is a Dutch term invented by the mid-1970s to describe the Dutch pop music scene of the 1960s and 1970s that was gaining worldwide attention, exemplified by bands such as Shocking Blue, Golden Earring and Focus. Most of the Nederpop bands of this period had English-language songs or played only instrumentals, but some of the bands performed exclusively in the Dutch language. Many such were popular thanks to airplay over the offshore pirate radio stations targeting the Netherlands such as Mi Amigo, Veronica, Atlantis and Northsea International.

During the early 1980s, the Nederpop term was revived to name the sudden growth of Dutch language pop music from the Netherlands. The revived meaning came about because of the huge success of Doe Maar. This success helped other bands to sing in Dutch and/or get the spotlight.

Sixties Nederpop bands

 * Golden Earring
 * The Motions
 * The Outsiders
 * Tee-Set
 * Cuby + Blizzards
 * Brainbox
 * The Cats
 * Sandy Coast
 * The Shoes
 * Peter Koelewijn
 * Boudewijn de Groot
 * Rob de Nijs

Seventies Nederpop bands

 * Shocking Blue
 * Mouth & MacNeal
 * Focus
 * Earth and Fire
 * George Baker
 * Golden Earring
 * Ekseption
 * Luv'
 * De Bintangs
 * Supersister
 * Pussycat
 * Teach-In
 * Livin' Blues
 * Kayak
 * Herman Brood
 * Gruppo Sportivo
 * Alquin
 * Normaal
 * BZN
 * Nits

Eighties Nederpop bands
Aside from Doe Maar, the early eighties were good for, amongst others, Golden Earring, Time Bandits (band), Diesel (band), Vandenberg, the Frank Boeijen Groep, Het Goede Doel, the Amazing Stroopwafels, Toontje Lager, VOF de Kunst, and Noodweer.

Female Nederpop bands of the time included the Dolly Dots and Mai Tai.

Later Nederpop

 * Acda & de Munnik
 * Luie hond
 * Osdorp Posse
 * De Dijk
 * Van Dik Hout
 * Bløf
 * The Scene
 * De Poema's (coöperation of Van Dik Hout and Acda & de Munnik)
 * Spinvis
 * Ellen ten Damme

Nederpop bands singing in regional languages

 * Heidevolk, Dutch
 * Normaal, Low German
 * Rowwen Hèze, Limburgian
 * Skik, Drèents dialects
 * Twarres, West Frisian
 * De Kast, West Frisian
 * Mooi Wark, Drenthe

title: Nederpop


text:
Ying Wa College

Ying Wa College (also referred to as YWC, Anglo-Chinese College, ) is a direct subsidised boys' secondary school in Kowloon, Hong Kong near Nam Cheong station. It was established (as the Anglo-Chinese College) in Malacca in 1818 by the first Protestant missionary to China, Rev. Robert Morrison. In 1843, the college was moved to Hong Kong. Being the only school with over 200 years of history, it is the oldest school in Hong Kong.

The College Deed, signed in 1821, stated that the objective of the school was the reciprocal cultivation of English and Chinese literature as well as the diffusion of Christianity.

Didi Tang of The Times, in 2021, stated that Ying Wa is a "well-known school" in Hong Kong.

Foundation
Robert Morrison of the London Missionary Society arrived at China in 1807 to begin his work of evangelisation. He planned to establish a school that would allow Western missionaries to learn Oriental cultures and languages. He also hoped that the school would play a role on introducing the East to the West and vice versa; in other words, to mediate between the two civilisations, and thus to prepare the way for the quiet and peaceful dissemination of Christian thought in China. With the help of William Milne, who joined Morrison in 1813, the Anglo-Chinese College was established in 1818 in Malacca with Milne as the first headmaster. Even with Milne at its head, Morrison maintained a strong role in leading and fundraising for the school, and was a committed teacher.

Early period (1818–1858)
Apart from its work as a school, the college also trained evangelists and pastors. Amongst them, former student Rev. Hoh Fuk Tong (何福堂) was made pastor in 1846. He preached in Foshan and Canton to his fellow Chinese people. Liang Fa (also known as Leung Faat), who was a craftsman in the printing centre of the college, also heeded the call to preach Gospel.

A printing press was set up within the school premises to publish the Chinese Bible and other Chinese Christian tracts and publications, well before China was opened by the Opium Wars. In 1853, the first Chinese newspaper, Chinese Serial, was published by the college's printing press.

In 1840, James Legge became headmaster. Two years later, Hong Kong was ceded to the United Kingdom under the Treaty of Nanking. The London Missionary Society thus decided to move the college to Hong Kong in 1843. The school building was situated at the junction of Staunton Street and Aberdeen Street. At that time, Christian churches had not yet been officially established. Thus the college was used as a religious centre where Christians assembled to worship. Since the London Missionary Society deemed that the college should focus more on the training of evangelists after the relocation, the college was renamed "The Theological Seminary of the London Missionary Society in China." When Legge returned to Britain in 1846, he brought with him three of his Chinese students. Legge and the students were received by Queen Victoria.

Legge held his headship until he was appointed by the Hong Kong Government in 1864 to help prepare for the opening of Queen's College. Due to the lack of a successor as well as political instability, the college ceased to operate at the end of 1856 and teaching ended in 1858. But the printing press continued its work until 1870 when it was sold to Wang Tao and Wong Shing.

Restoration (1914–1929)
In 1911, the elders of the To Tsai Church together with Rev. Cheung Chuk Ling, Rev. W. T. Pearce and Rev. H. R. Wells revived the college so that the training of the sons of church members might be carried on. In 1913, the London Missionary Society responded to the appeal of the To Tsai Church. Rev. Arnold Hughes was sent to Hong Kong to assume headship, and the college was re-opened as a middle school in 1914 in rented premises, first at 9 Caine Road, later at 45 Caine Road, and finally at 82 Bonham Road (a former property of the German Rhenish Missionary).

The college grappled with many financial problems and it was at this time that help was received from the China Congregational Church. Financial assistance was also received from the Government.

In 1917, Hughes was called up for service in the First World War. Rev. W. T. Pearce became Acting Headmaster until Hughes returned after the war. The college suffered a great loss in 1922 when Hughes became ill and died in Japan while on his way back to England on sick leave. In that year, the London Missionary Society transferred Rev. L. G. Phillips from Amoy to Hong Kong. He served as Headmaster for over two years.

With Phillips's departure in 1924 and troubles in connection with the premises at 80 Bonham Road, the college entered another difficult period. The premises were rented from the government who now wanted to auction them off. The School Committee requested to be allowed to buy the property but there aroused a dispute with the Rhenish Mission even though the rental had originally been undertaken with a view to protecting the property and preserving it for the German mission. The committee contemplated closing the school, but eventually, the dispute was resolved and the college continued its operation under the headship of Richard Shum.

Expansion period (1929–1963)
In 1927, the college decided to build its own campus. Shum succeeded in raising over six thousand dollars from the staff and students. Together with fourteen thousand dollars from the Provident Fund and a government subvention of twenty thousand dollars, the School Committee decided to construct the new school building on the site of Mongkok Church at Bute Street in Mongkok, with the understanding that the college was to share its new hall with Mongkok Church. The government withdrew its financial aid when construction work was underway and the college was completed in September 1928 with the aid of some loans.

In 1930, Shum resigned and the London Missionary Society agreed to urgent appeals from the School Committee that Rev. Frank Short should be allowed to serve the college as Headmaster. Rev. Short administered and developed the college so well that it was restored to the Grant List. The extra funds thus gained made improvement in facilities possible. Rev. Frank Short continued in office until 1938 when he had to devote more time to the administrative work for the London Missionary Society. Herbert Noble, who taught in the college since 1933, succeeded Short.

In December 1941, Hong Kong fell into the control of the Imperial Japan. The school building itself, commandeered by the Japanese authorities, was used as a P.W.D. depot. Mr Noble, being a member of the naval volunteers, was taken a prisoner of war.

At the closure of the war, the school building was restored to the School Committee and the college was re-opened in November 1945. Noble convalesced in London and was temporarily substituted by the senior master Yung Kai-yin. When Noble resumed duty in 1946, the enrolment had increased to such an extent that around 600 students crammed into the building originally designed for 350. The college premises in Bute Street, Mongkok proved to be too small to operate an ideal school. A project for building a new school was therefore contemplated and negotiations resulted in the selling of the existing land and building to the Mongkok Church.

With a plot of land granted by the Government as the college site, the school authority started the construction of a new campus in 1B Oxford Road, Kowloon Tong. The construction work suffered repeated setbacks concerning its location, foundation and plan. It was only through the zealous efforts of Noble, who exhausted himself, and the magnanimity of the public, who made generous donations, that the project was realised in June 1962. In the same year, Mr Daniel P. K. Au officiated at the foundation ceremony. The new campus was opened by Sir Robert Black, the Governor of Hong Kong, in October 1963.

Oxford Road period (1963–2003)
The Oxford Road campus was situated in a tranquil neighbourhood with adequate facilities. It was also a highly regarded school zone with some of the top schools in Hong Kong situated there. The college has reached its first climax during this period. But Herbert Noble, after serving the college for 30 years, retired in 1964 on account of his poor health. He returned to England soon after retirement and died in December 1964. He was remembered for his dedicated service and remarkable contributions which helped enhance the prestige of the school. The College Hall, for both the Oxford Road and later the Sham Shui Po campuses, known as the Noble Hall, was named after Mr Noble.

On the other hand, Ying Wa Primary School was forced to close down due to lack of space of the new campus. It was not until 40 years later that the primary school division was re-established.

The London Missionary Society, the then sponsoring body of the college, merged with other missionaries to form the Council for World Mission. The sponsorship of the college was subsequently handed over to the Hong Kong Council of the Church of Christ in China. A board of directors was established. Terence Iles was appointed to succeed Noble as headmaster.

Iles was most active in organising various extracurricular activities, with a view to developing students' all-roundedness. He had established the house system, in which students were divided into different houses upon arrival to the school. This intensified the competitive spirit within inter-house competitions, such as the Swimming Galas and the Athletic Meets. Speech Day and Open Day were first held during Iles's headship. The college newspaper, Torch, was first published in 1964, making it the earliest school publication in Hong Kong. School teams joined various Hong Kong inter-school activities and competitions. In 1968, the school established its first Chinese Society to remind students of the importance of learning traditional Chinese culture in "the reciprocal cultivation of English and Chinese literature and the diffusion of Christianity".

In 1969, Iles admitted 15 girls to Form 6. This was controversial, but for some, a rather welcoming move.

After 8 years of devoted service, Iles resigned in 1972 and was succeeded by Mr Rex King. In addition to improving the school facilities, he also attended to pupils' application, which resulted in marked progress in academic work. His efforts in promoting Putonghua was pioneering. During his headship, the number of classes rose to 31 while the number of students reached around 1200. When King resigned in 1978, Mr Mui Ho-bun replaced him as headmaster. 12 years later, Mui retired in 1990. An old boy and former member of the Legislative Council, Mr. Yeung Po-kwan, took over the reins.

Yeung reintroduced the house system that was suspended for decades in 1991. He promoted the democratisation of school policies and established the Parent Teacher Association.

In 2000, the board of directors put in an application to the government for the construction of a millennium campus (aka Y2K campus) on a plot of reclaimed land in West Kowloon. It also decided to re-establish the primary school division and consequently joined the Through-train scheme with effect from September 2003. The new campus at Ying Wa Street was officially opened in July 2003. The Primary School also had its first intake in September 2003.

The Millennium (2003–present)
The relocation of the college was wildly debated within the school. Some feared that by withdrawing from the Kowloon Tong school zone, the standard of the college would be lowered. Others deemed that the Sham Shui Po District was far too distracting for the school to be set up there. But so far, it was proven that the new campus provided students with more space to engage in activities. Students also organised service projects to serve the neighbourhood, which was regarded as the poorest in Hong Kong.

Yeung stepped down in 2003 and was succeeded by Mr Roger Lee, an old boy of class 1979. Students were encouraged to join various kinds of activities and competitions and has won a lot of inter-school sports and music awards. In 2004, the handball team won the Inter-school Handball Competition for the tenth consecutive year.

The Ying Wa Heritage, a school museum, was established in 2005. Old artefacts and documents relating to the college were displayed, including a Bible published by the college back in the 19th century. Some of them were on display in an exhibition of the Hong Kong Museum of Education of the Hong Kong Institute of Education in 2012.

In March 2007, the board of directors decided to join the Direct Subsidy Scheme (DSS) with effect from September 2007, making it the ninth school in Hong Kong to join the DSS.

Roger Lee informed the students of his decision to leave the school in March 2011. Mr Allan Cheng, the Vice-Principal(Academic) and an old boy, served as the Acting Principal since September 2011.

On 11 November 2011, a celebration fun day for the 193rd anniversary of the college was held. It was the biggest anniversary celebration activity held since 2003.

On 23 November 2012, the Supervisor of the college confirmed that Cheng would become the Principal with effect from 1 January 2013, subject to final approval from the Education Bureau.

On 9 November 2018, Hong Kong Post issued a Stamp Sheetlet to celebrate the "Bicentenary of Ying Wa College." It features the College motto "Live the Mission, Brave the Course".

Didi Tang, in February 2021, stated that in light of the imposition of the Hong Kong National Security Law, Ying Wa "reportedly lost about 60 students in recent months."

House system
The house system was first introduced by Terence Iles during his headship in the 1960s. But it was later suspended and not until 1991 was it re-introduced by Yeung Po-kwan. The five houses, each with its own signature colour and mascot, commemorate five very important persons in the history of the school, namely Hoh Fuk Tong, Leung Faat, Milne, Morrison and Noble. The Houses, abbreviations, representative colours and mascots are as shown in the inset on the right.

Upon entering the Ying Wa College, new students are divided into five houses. The five houses compete every year in culture, music and athletics with a prize. The house with the highest overall score is awarded a trophy. Through this system, the competition encourages student excitement, achievement, school mate camaraderie and greater enthusiasm and school spirit. In the past, student was divided into houses according to their classes during secondary 1, i.e. students of the same class belonged to the same house. This policy has changed in recent years, where now there are members of the five houses in one class in secondary 1.

School song
There are at least two school songs created since the establishment of Ying Wa College. The Ying Wa College Song (The British Grenadiers)(c.1914) and the current song "Home of Our Youth". The current song is written by Rupert Baldwin in 1938; it is also a figuration of the College, a symbol of the brotherhood of the students.

Home of Our Youth
Home of our youth To thee we bring the homage of lives at the spring Training thy sons for the game of life Sending them forth to the age-long strive Ready thy name ever-bright to uphold Ready ’gainst evil, to fight and be bold May those who left thee in years that are past Guard well thy honour, to truth holding fast Home of our youth, To thee will we sing Long may thy name on our lips proudly ring

School Hymn
The school hymn, "We build our School on Thee, O Lord" by Sebastian W. Meyer, is not used as frequently used as the school song; it is typically used in the Annual Speech Day amongst other ceremonious occasions. It is also used in some other schools in Hong Kong, including Sheng Kung Hui Lam Woo Memorial Secondary School, Sheng Kung Hui Tang Shiu Kin Secondary School, St. Paul's College and St Stephen's Girls' College.

School Cry
"TWO, FOUR, SIX, EIGHT, WHAT DO WE APPRECIATE? YING WA! YING WA! WA! WA! WA!"

The Ying Wa Cry is a mantra devised by former headmaster Mr Terence Iles for cheering purpose in inter-school sports events. Its use is not limited today, as students would chant spontaneously in various school events, like the swimming gala, the athletic meet and the school anniversary day.

There is a special tradition involving the Ying Wa Cry. Each time after the school song is sung (excluding formal events, e.g. events that take place in the Noble Hall), students would chant the cry continuously under the lead of one or more students, and the ceremony would end in a rumble of claps.

To lead the cry, one has to say (in Cantonese) "Ying Wa Boys: one, two, three..." (英華仔：一、二、三⋯⋯), and then the mass would follow "TWO, FOUR, SIX, EIGHT, WHAT DO WE APPRECIATE? YING WA! YING WA! WA! WA! WA!"

Student Council
Established in the 1960s, the College Student Council is responsible for organising various kinds of in-school and inter-school activities. The Council consists of ten cabinet members, sub-committee members and representatives of different student bodies, including the Prefects' Board, the Houses, the Music Union, the Sports Union, the school newspaper editorial board, as well as other clubs and societies.

The Cabinet
The Cabinet of the Council consists of ten members: The election of the Council is usually held in October, in which members of the Cabinet are elected by the whole school, including teachers and students. If the Cabinet is not formed due to whatever reason, the previous Cabinet (i.e. that from last year) will continue their service until the end of the first term. This had happened once in 2019. The Inauguration of the members of the Student Council, as well as the Clubs and Societies, will be held after the election. They are required to read out the Oath of Office after the Headmaster.
 * President;
 * Vice-President;
 * Secretary for Internal Affairs;
 * Secretary for External Affairs;
 * Treasurer;
 * Secretary for Culture;
 * Secretary for Welfare;
 * Secretary for Recreation;
 * Secretary for Publicity;
 * Secretary for General Affairs;

Once the Cabinet is formed, the cabinet members are responsible for the function of the Council. They are assisted by a group of sub-committee members in organising different events, such as the Annual Christmas Ball, Ying Wa Premier League (YWPL) (football) matches, Ying Wa Basketball All-star (YWBA) (basketball) matches, celebrating events on the School Anniversary Day, etc.

The Nineteen Members' Board
The Nineteen Members' Board, known as the 'Big Nineteen' (or 十九大 in Chinese), consists of the ten members of the Cabinet as well as nine representatives of the student groups: The Board is responsible for passing the proposal and the budget of the Cabinet.
 * Head Prefect - representing the Prefect Board
 * House Captains (5 in total) – representing the five Houses
 * Music Captain – representing the Music Union
 * Sports Captain – representing the Sports Union
 * Chief Editor of Torch (the school newspaper) – representing the editorial board

Notable alumni

 * Andrew Cheung Kui-nung: Permanent Judge of the Court of Final Appeal; 4th chief judge of the High Court of Hong Kong (2011 - 2018).
 * Hoh Fuk Tong: The first Chinese Reverend of the Protestant churches.
 * Leung Faat
 * Yuan Dehui
 * Antony Leung
 * Samuel Hui
 * The Young Men
 * Andrew Liao
 * Woo Kwok-hing

title: Ying Wa College


text:
Logarithmic integral function

In mathematics, the logarithmic integral function or integral logarithm li(x) is a special function. It is relevant in problems of physics and has number theoretic significance. In particular, according to the prime number theorem, it is a very good approximation to the prime-counting function, which is defined as the number of prime numbers less than or equal to a given value $$x$$.

Integral representation
The logarithmic integral has an integral representation defined for all positive real numbers $x$ ≠ 1 by the definite integral
 * $$ \operatorname{li}(x) = \int_0^x \frac{dt}{\ln t}. $$

Here, $ln$ denotes the natural logarithm. The function $1/(ln t)$ has a singularity at $t = 1$, and the integral for $x > 1$ is interpreted as a Cauchy principal value,
 * $$ \operatorname{li}(x) = \lim_{\varepsilon \to 0+} \left( \int_0^{1-\varepsilon} \frac{dt}{\ln t} + \int_{1+\varepsilon}^x \frac{dt}{\ln t} \right).$$

Offset logarithmic integral
The offset logarithmic integral or Eulerian logarithmic integral is defined as

 * $$ \operatorname{Li}(x) = \int_2^x \frac{dt}{\ln t} = \operatorname{li}(x) - \operatorname{li}(2). $$

As such, the integral representation has the advantage of avoiding the singularity in the domain of integration.

Equivalently,

 * $$ \operatorname{li}(x) = \int_0^x \frac{dt}{\ln t} = \operatorname{Li}(x) + \operatorname{li}(2). $$

Special values
The function li(x) has a single positive zero; it occurs at x ≈ 1.45136 92348 83381 05028 39684 85892 02744 94930... ; this number is known as the Ramanujan–Soldner constant.

$$\text{li}(\text{Li}^{-1}(0)) = \text{li}(2)$$ ≈ 1.045163 780117 492784 844588 889194 613136 522615 578151...

This is $$-(\Gamma\left(0,-\ln 2\right) + i\,\pi)$$ where $$\Gamma\left(a,x\right)$$ is the incomplete gamma function. It must be understood as the Cauchy principal value of the function.

Series representation
The function li(x) is related to the exponential integral Ei(x) via the equation

 * $$\hbox{li}(x)=\hbox{Ei}(\ln x), \,\!$$

which is valid for x > 0. This identity provides a series representation of li(x) as

 * $$ \operatorname{li}(e^u) = \hbox{Ei}(u) =

\gamma + \ln |u| + \sum_{n=1}^\infty {u^{n}\over n \cdot n!} \quad \text{ for } u \ne 0 \;, $$

where γ ≈ 0.57721 56649 01532 ... is the Euler–Mascheroni constant. A more rapidly convergent series by Ramanujan is

\operatorname{li}(x) = \gamma + \ln \ln x + \sqrt{x} \sum_{n=1}^\infty \left( \frac{ (-1)^{n-1} (\ln x)^n} {n! \, 2^{n-1}}                \sum_{k=0}^{\lfloor (n-1)/2 \rfloor} \frac{1}{2k+1} \right). $$

Asymptotic expansion
The asymptotic behavior for x → ∞ is

 * $$ \operatorname{li}(x) = O \left( \frac{x }{\ln x} \right) . $$

where $$O$$ is the big O notation. The full asymptotic expansion is

 * $$ \operatorname{li}(x) \sim \frac{x}{\ln x} \sum_{k=0}^\infty \frac{k!}{(\ln x)^k} $$

or

 * $$ \frac{\operatorname{li}(x)}{x/\ln x} \sim  1 + \frac{1}{\ln x} + \frac{2}{(\ln x)^2} + \frac{6}{(\ln x)^3} + \cdots. $$

This gives the following more accurate asymptotic behaviour:

 * $$ \operatorname{li}(x) - \frac{x}{ \ln x} = O \left( \frac{x}{(\ln x)^2} \right) . $$

As an asymptotic expansion, this series is not convergent: it is a reasonable approximation only if the series is truncated at a finite number of terms, and only large values of x are employed. This expansion follows directly from the asymptotic expansion for the exponential integral.

This implies e.g. that we can bracket li as:

 * $$ 1+\frac{1}{\ln x} < \operatorname{li}(x) \frac{\ln x}{x} < 1+\frac{1}{\ln x}+\frac{3}{(\ln x)^2} $$

for all $$\ln x \ge 11$$.

Number theoretic significance
The logarithmic integral is important in number theory, appearing in estimates of the number of prime numbers less than a given value. For example, the prime number theorem states that:

 * $$\pi(x)\sim\operatorname{li}(x)$$

where $$\pi(x)$$ denotes the number of primes smaller than or equal to $$x$$.

Assuming the Riemann hypothesis, we get the even stronger:

 * $$|\operatorname{li}(x)-\pi(x)| = O(\sqrt{x}\log x)$$

In fact, the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to the statement that:

 * $$|\operatorname{li}(x)-\pi(x)| = O(x^{1/2+a})$$ for any $$a>0$$.

For small $$x$$, $$\operatorname{li}(x)>\pi(x)$$ but the difference changes sign an infinite number of times as $$x$$ increases, and the first time this happens is somewhere between 1019 and 1.4×10316.

title: Logarithmic integral function