text:
750

Year 750 (DCCL) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 750th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 750th year of the 1st millennium, the 50th year of the 8th century, and the 1st year of the 750s decade. The denomination 750 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. According to historian Peter Brown, this year marked the universal beginning of the Middle Ages across every human civilization, thus marking the end of the late antiquity along with the classical world.

Arab Caliphate

 * January 25 – Battle of the Zab: Abbasid forces under Abdallah ibn Ali defeat the Umayyads near the Great Zab River. Members of the Umayyad house are hunted down and killed. Defeated by his rivals, Caliph Marwan II flees westward to Egypt, perhaps attempting to reach Al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), where there are still significant Umayyad armies.
 * August 6 – Marwan II is caught and killed at Faiyum by supporters of the Abbasid caliph As-Saffah. Almost the entire Umayyad Dynasty is assassinated; Prince Abd al-Rahman I escapes to Al-Andalus. The Abbasids assume control of the Islamic world and establish their first capital at Kufa.

Europe

 * King Alfonso I of Asturias establishes the Kingdom of Galicia, in roughly the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula. The exact time this happened is contested.
 * The town Slaný in the Central Bohemian Region (Czech Republic) is founded at the site of a salt spring, according to one chronicle written in the sixteenth century (approximate date).

Britain

 * King Eadberht of Northumbria imprisons Cynewulf, bishop of Lindisfarne, at Bamburgh Castle. King Eadberht does this in order to punish the bishop for sheltering one of his enemies, Prince Offa. He then besieges Prince Offa, son of the late King Aldfrith, in Lindisfarne Priory. Almost dead from hunger, he is dragged from his sanctuary and put to death.
 * Battle of Mugdock: The Strathclyde Britons under King Teudebur defeat Prince Talorgan of the Picts. This leads to the decline of the power of King Óengus I.

Africa

 * The Ghana Empire begins (approximate date).

India

 * Gopala I is proclaimed as the first ruler and founder of the Pala Empire.

America

 * Native Americans, in the area now known as the Four Corners, begin constructing and occupying pueblos.
 * The city of Teotihuacan (modern Mexico) is destroyed and left in ruins, its palaces burned to the ground.

Indonesia

 * Borobudur, or Barabudur (a Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia, as well as the world's largest Buddhist temple, and also one of the greatest Buddhist monuments in the world) is built (approximate date).

Art

 * The "Western Paradise" of Amitābha Buddha, detail of a wall painting in Cave 217, Dunhuang (China), is made during the Tang Dynasty (approximate date).

Food and drink

 * In China during the Tang Dynasty, a barge load of tea (a medicinal herb) comes up the Grand Canal to Luoyang, from Zhejiang (approximate date).

Births

 * January 25 – Leo IV, Byzantine emperor (d. 780)
 * Abbas ibn al-Ahnaf, Abbasid poet (d. 809)
 * Abd al-Malik ibn Salih, Abbasid general (d. 812)
 * Arno, archbishop of Salzburg (approximate date)
 * Bermudo I, king of Asturias (approximate date)
 * Clement, Irish scholar and saint (approximate date)
 * Eigil of Fulda, Bavarian abbot (approximate date)
 * Hildegrim, bishop of Châlons (approximate date)
 * Leo III, pope of the Catholic Church (d. 816)
 * Ragnvald Sigurdsson, great-grandfather to Harald Hårfagre
 * Sawara, Japanese prince (approximate date)
 * Theodulf, bishop of Orléans (or 760)
 * Wu Shaocheng, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 810)

Deaths

 * January 25 – Ibrahim ibn al-Walid, Umayyad caliph
 * August 6 – Marwan II, ruling Umayyad caliph (b. 688)
 * Abdallah ibn Abd al-Malik, Umayyad prince (or 749)
 * Agilulfus, bishop of Cologne (approximate date)
 * Al-Abbas ibn al-Walid, Umayyad prince and general
 * Basil the Confessor, Eastern Orthodox saint
 * Boruth, prince (knyaz) of Carantania (approximate date)
 * Bressal mac Áedo Róin, Dál Fiatach king of Ulaid
 * Burchard, bishop of Würzburg (approximate date)
 * Himelin, Scottish priest (approximate date)
 * Inreachtach mac Dluthach, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)
 * Irene of Khazaria, Byzantine empress (approximate date)
 * Isonokami no Otomaro, Japanese nobleman
 * Veborg, Scandinavian shieldmaiden (approximate date)

title: 750


text:
753

Year 753 (DCCLIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 753 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * Grifo, Frankish duke and illegitimate son of Charles Martel, rebels against King Pepin III ("the Short") (his half-brother), in alliance with the Bretons. He flees to Italy to join King Aistulf of the Lombards, but is caught and killed while passing the Alps.
 * The town of Staraja Ladoga (Northern Russia) is founded by Scandinavians. The settlement becomes a prosperous trading outpost for jewelry, casual items, craft tools and dress adornments (approximate date).

 * Sevar, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire, dies after a 15-year reign. He is succeeded by Kormisosh, who belongs to the Vokil clan (approximate date).

Religion

 * Fall – Pope Stephen II travels to the Lombard capital of Pavia, for negotiations with Aistulf. His terms for returning the Exarchate of Ravenna are declined.
 * November – Stephen II crosses the passes of the Alps to Gaul. He leaves Rome unprotected, under threat of a siege from the Lombards.
 * Eoban is appointed bishop of Utrecht (modern Netherlands), by the missionary bishop Boniface.

Births

 * Xue Ping, general of the Tang Dynasty (approximate date)

Deaths

 * August 8 – Hildegar, bishop of Cologne
 * November 3 – Pirmin, Visigothic abbot (b. c. 700), founder of many monasteries in the historical region of Alemannia
 * Grifo, Frankish duke and son of Charles Martel (b. 726)
 * Herlindis of Maaseik, Frankish abbess (or 745)
 * Li Linfu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
 * Sevar, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire (approximate date)

license: Creative Commons - Attribution Share-Alike - https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

title: 753


text:
1793

The French Republic introduced the French Revolutionary Calendar starting with the year I.

January–June

 * January 7 – The Ebel riot occurs in Sweden.
 * January 9 – Jean-Pierre Blanchard becomes the first to fly in a gas balloon in the United States.
 * January 13 – Nicolas Jean Hugon de Bassville, a representative of Revolutionary France, is lynched by a mob in Rome.
 * January 21 – French Revolution: After being found guilty of treason by the French National Convention, Citizen Capet, Louis XVI of France, is guillotined in Paris.
 * January 23 – Second Partition of Poland: The Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia partition the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
 * February – In Manchester, Vermont, the wife of a captain falls ill, probably with tuberculosis. Some locals believe that the cause of her illness is that a demon vampire is sucking her blood. As a cure, Timothy Mead burns the heart of a deceased person in front of a crowd of a few hundred people.
 * February 1 – French Revolutionary Wars: The French First Republic declares war on Great Britain, the Dutch Republic and (on March 7) Spain. During the year, the War of the First Coalition is joined by Portugal, the Holy Roman Empire, Naples and Tuscany in opposition to France.
 * February 11 – French expedition to Sardinia (Expédition de Sardaigne): A French fleet under admiral Laurent Truguet debarks troops near Cagliari in Sardinia.
 * February 22 – French expedition to Sardinia: A small French and Corsican force briefly occupies the small Sardinian island of La Maddalena, then withdraws to Corsica. 23-year-old lieutenant Napoleon Buonaparte is second-in-command.
 * February 25 – George Washington holds the first Cabinet meeting as President of the United States.
 * February 27 – The Giles Resolutions are introduced to the United States House of Representatives, asking the House to condemn Alexander Hamilton's handling of loans.
 * March 1–3 – John Langdon serves as President pro tempore of the United States Senate.
 * March 4 – George Washington is sworn in as the president of the United States in Philadelphia, for his second term.
 * March 5 – French troops are defeated by Austrian forces, and Liège is recaptured.
 * March 18
 * Second Battle of Neerwinden: A coalition army of Habsburg monarchy and Dutch Republic troops repulses attacks from French Republican forces, near Neerwinden, Flemish Brabant.
 * The first republican state in Germany, the Republic of Mainz, is declared by Andreas Joseph Hofmann.
 * April 6 – French Revolutionary Wars: The Committee of Public Safety is established in France, with Georges Danton as its head.
 * April 9 – Edmond-Charles Genêt, France's new Minister to the United States, arrives at Charleston, South Carolina.
 * April 22 – George Washington signs the Neutrality Proclamation.
 * April 25 – The pioneer parishes of New Orleans and Louisiana are erected, as well as incorporated into the Roman Catholic Diocese of Louisiana and the Two Floridas.
 * May 25 – French expedition to Sardinia: The last French troops occupying the small Sardinian island of San Pietro surrender to a Spanish fleet.
 * May 31 – French Revolution: Regular troops under François Hanriot demand that the Girondins be expelled from the National Convention.
 * June – The Macartney Embassy, a British diplomatic mission to China led by George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney, reaches Canton, but will be rebuffed by the Qianlong Emperor.
 * June 2 – French Revolution: The Girondins are overthrown in France.
 * June 10 – French Revolution: The Jardin des Plantes and the Muséum national d'histoire naturelle are created by the National Convention. The museum opens in Paris the following year, and the garden houses one of the first public zoos.
 * June 20–22 – Haitian Revolution: Battle of Cap-Français – French Republican troops and black slave insurgents defeats Royalist and slave owner settlers.
 * June 21 – The town of Hamilton, Massachusetts, is incorporated.

July–December

 * July 9 – The Act Against Slavery is passed in Upper Canada.
 * July 13 – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday kills Jean-Paul Marat in his bath.
 * July 17 – French Revolution: Charlotte Corday is executed.
 * July 20 – Scottish explorer Alexander Mackenzie's 1792–1793 Peace River expedition to the Pacific Ocean reaches its goal at Bella Coola, British Columbia, making him the first known person to complete a transcontinental crossing of northern North America.
 * July 29 – John Graves Simcoe decides to build a fort and settlement at Toronto, having sailed into the bay there.
 * July 31 – Oulu Castle in Finland is destroyed in an explosion following the burning of a powder cellar.
 * August – France decrees all the slaves on Saint-Domingue to be free.
 * August 1–November 9 – The yellow fever epidemic of 1793 hits Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 5,000 die.
 * August 10 – French Revolution – Feast of Unity
 * Crowds in Paris burn monarchist emblems.
 * The Louvre in Paris opens to the public as an art museum.
 * August 23 – French Revolution: The following universal conscription decree is enacted in France: "The young men shall go to battle and the married men shall forge arms. The women shall make tents and clothes and shall serve in the hospitals; children shall tear rags into lint. The old men will be guided to the public places of the cities to kindle the courage of the young warriors and to preach the unity of the Republic and the hatred of kings."
 * September 5 – French Revolution: The National Convention begins the 10-month Reign of Terror.
 * September 8 – The first Círio de Nazaré is celebrated in Belém.
 * September 17 – The Army of the Eastern Pyrenees, one of the French Revolutionary armies, defeats a Spanish force at the Battle of Peyrestortes.
 * September 18 – The cornerstone to the future United States Capitol is dedicated by U.S. President Washington at the site of the new Federal City on the Potomac River.
 * September 20 – British troops from Jamaica land on the island of Saint-Domingue to join the Haitian Revolution in opposition to the French Republic and its newly-freed slaves; on 22 September the main French naval base on the island surrenders peacefully to the Royal Navy.
 * October 5 – War of the First Coalition: Raid on Genoa – The British Royal Navy boards and captures French warships, sheltering in the neutral port of Genoa.
 * October 15–16 – War of the First Coalition: Battle of Wattignies – A French Republican force commanded by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan compels a Habsburg Austrian Coalition army to retire.
 * October 16 – French Revolution: Marie Antoinette, the widowed queen consort of Louis XVI of France, is guillotined in the Place de la Révolution in Paris at the conclusion of a 2-day trial before the Revolutionary Tribunal.
 * October 24 – French Revolution:The French Republican Calendar is adopted by the National Convention.
 * November 10 – The dechristianization of France during the French Revolution reaches a climax with the celebration of the Goddess of Reason in the cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris.
 * November 12 – French Revolution: Jean Sylvain Bailly, the first Mayor of Paris, is guillotined.
 * December 8 – French Revolution: Madame du Barry is guillotined.
 * December 9 – New York City's first daily newspaper, the American Minerva, is established by Noah Webster.
 * December 18 – French forces under Dugommier capture Toulon from royalists and British forces under Vice Admiral Lord Hood. The British fire the dockyards and take 16 ships, one of which, the Lutine, becomes a famous treasure ship.
 * December 23 – French Revolution: War in the Vendée: Battle of Savenay – A Republican force decisively defeats the counterrevolutionary Catholic and Royal Army, ending the Virée de Galerne.

Undated

 * Eli Whitney invents a cotton gin. This causes a resurgence of slavery in the South.
 * Lawrence Academy (Groton, Massachusetts) is chartered.
 * Dominique Jean Larrey, chief surgeon of the French Revolutionary Army, creates the first battlefield "flying ambulance" service.
 * The Al Bu Falah move to Abu Dhabi.
 * The first year of regular production begins for the United States Mint, and the half cent is minted for the first time.
 * Niccolò Paganini debuts as a violin virtuoso at age 11 in his birthplace of Genoa.

Births

 * January 3 – Lucretia Mott, American women's rights activist and abolitionist (d. 1880)
 * January 11 – Johanna Stegen, German heroine (d. 1842)
 * January 14 – Wojciech Chrzanowski, Polish general (d. 1861)
 * March 2 – Sam Houston, American President of the Republic of Texas (d. 1863)
 * March 3 – William Macready, English actor (d. 1873)
 * March 4 – Karl Lachmann, German philologist (d. 1851)
 * March 6 – William Dick, Scottish veterinarian, founder of Edinburgh Veterinary College (d. 1866)
 * April 8 – Karl Ludwig Hencke, German astronomer (d. 1866)
 * April 19 – Emperor Ferdinand I of Austria (d. 1875)
 * June 6 – Edward C. Delavan, American temperance movement leader (d. 1871)
 * June 29 – Josef Ressel, German-Bohemian inventor (d. 1857)
 * July 13 – John Clare, English "peasant poet" (d. 1864)
 * July 15 – Almira Hart Lincoln Phelps, American educator, scientist and writer (d. 1884)
 * July 18 – Maria Caroline Gibert de Lametz, French stage actress, later Princess Consort and regent de facto of Monaco (d. 1879)
 * July 20 – John Ireland Howe, American inventor (d. 1876)
 * August 19 – Barthélemy Thimonnier, French inventor (d. 1857)
 * August 25 – John Neal, American writer, critic, and women's rights activist (d. 1876)
 * September 5 – John L. Burns, American veteran of the War of 1812, civilian combatant for the Union Army during the American Civil War. (d. 1872)
 * September 25 – Felicia Hemans, British poet (d. 1835)
 * November 3 – Stephen F. Austin, American pioneer (d. 1836)
 * November 17 – Charles Lock Eastlake, English painter (d. 1865)
 * Approximate date – Sarah Booth, English actress (d. 1867)

Deaths

 * January 1 – Francesco Guardi, Italian painter (b. 1712)
 * January 21 – King Louis XVI of France (executed) (b. 1754)
 * February 1 – William Barrington, 2nd Viscount Barrington, British statesman (b. 1717)
 * February 2 – Samuel Whittemore, American farmer and oldest known colonial combatant of the American Revolution (b. 1696)
 * February 6 – Carlo Goldoni, Italian playwright (b. 1707)
 * March 2 – Carl Gustaf Pilo, Swedish-born artist (b. 1711)
 * March 4 – Louis Jean Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Penthièvre, French admiral (b. 1725)
 * March 20 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge, politician (b. 1705)
 * March 26 – John Mudge, English physician, inventor (b. 1721)
 * April 13 – Princess Marie Victoire d'Arenberg, Margravine of Baden-Baden as consort of Augustus George (b. 1714)
 * April 15 – Ignacije Szentmartony, Croatian Jesuit missionary, geographer (b. 1718)
 * April 29
 * Yechezkel Landau, Polish rabbi, Talmudist (b. 1713)
 * John Michell, English scientist (b. 1724)
 * May 3 – Martin Gerbert, German theologian, historian (b. 1720)
 * May 7 – Pietro Nardini, Italian composer (b. 1722)
 * May 18 – Timur Shah Durrani, ruler of the Durrani Empire (b. 1748)
 * May 20 – Charles Bonnet, Swiss naturalist (b. 1720)
 * May 26 – Eliza Lucas, American agronomist (b. 1722)
 * June 26 – Gilbert White, English ornithologist (b. 1720)
 * July 13 – Jean-Paul Marat, Swiss-born French Revolutionary leader (assassinated) (b. 1743)
 * July 17 – Charlotte Corday, French assassin of Jean-Paul Marat (executed) (b. 1768)
 * July 23 – Roger Sherman, American lawyer, signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1721)
 * July 26 – Alessandro Besozzi, Italian composer (b. 1702)
 * August 22
 * Louis de Noailles, French peer and Marshal of France (b. 1713)
 * John Thomas, Dean of Westminster; Bishop of Rochester (b. 1712)
 * August 28 – Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine, French general (executed) (b. 1740)
 * September 17 – George Handley, American politician (b. 1752)
 * September 20 – Fletcher Christian, English sailor (b. 1764)
 * October 7
 * Wills Hill, 1st Marquess of Downshire, English politician (b. 1718)
 * Antoine Joseph Gorsas, French publicist, politician (executed) (b. 1752)
 * October 8 – John Hancock, American businessman and patriot, signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1737)
 * October 9 – Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, French Jesuit missionary (b. 1718)
 * October 16 – Marie-Antoinette, Queen Consort of France (executed) (b. 1755)
 * October 31
 * Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1744)
 * Claude Fauchet, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1754)
 * Armand Gensonné, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1758)
 * Jacques Pierre Brissot, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1754)
 * November 3 – Olympe de Gouges, French playwright (executed) (b. 1748)
 * November 6 – Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans, French noble, revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1747)
 * November 8 – Madame Roland, French Revolutionary hostess (executed) (b. 1754)
 * November 10 – Jean-Marie Roland, vicomte de la Platière, French revolutionary leader (suicide) (b. 1734)
 * November 12 – Jean Sylvain Bailly, French astronomer (b. 1736)
 * November 14 – Caterina Dolfin, Italian (Venetian) poet (b. 1736)
 * November 24 – Clément Charles François de Laverdy, French statesman (executed) (b. 1723)
 * November 29 – Antoine Barnave, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1761)
 * December 4 – Armand de Kersaint, French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1742)
 * December 5 – Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne French revolutionary leader (executed) (b. 1743)
 * December 6 – Sir John Dashwood-King, 3rd Baronet, English country gentleman (b. 1716)
 * December 7 – Joseph Bara, French Revolution child-hero (b. 1780)
 * December 8
 * Étienne Clavière, French financier, politician (suicide) (b. 1735)
 * Madame du Barry, French courtesan (executed) (b. 1743)
 * date unknown – Im Yunjidang, Korean scholar, writer and neo-Confucian philosopher (b. 1721)

title: 1793


text:
756

Year 756 (DCCLVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 756th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 756th year of the 1st millennium, the 56th year of the 8th century, and the 7th year of the 750s decade. The denomination 756 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Emperor Constantine V builds a series of fortifications along the Byzantine frontier on the Danube, and starts settling Christian Armenians and Syrians in the Thracesian Theme. In response, Kormisosh, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire, demands the payment of tribute. Constantine refuses, and the Bulgars raid into Thrace, reaching the Anastasian Wall stretching between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara (near the outskirts of Constantinople).
 * Battle of Marcellae: Constantine V sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (500 ships and 6,000 cavalry) to Thrace, and defeats the Bulgars around the Danube Delta and near the fortress city of Markeli (modern Bulgaria). Kormisosh is forced to accept a peace treaty, and confirms the existing frontier. Due to the constant political crisis, the Bulgarian Empire is on the verge of destruction. Kormisosh is deposed during a palace coup and succeeded by Vinekh, a member of the Vokil clan.

Europe

 * King Aistulf of the Lombards again threatens Rome with a view to making it his capital, but the Franks under Pepin III ("the Short") arrives with his sons Charles and Carloman, defeats Aistulf, and confers the Donation of Pepin, which establishes the Papal States (including the lands of Ravenna and the Pentapolis). Pepin has taken territory that legally belongs to the Byzantine Empire; he gives it to Pope Stephen II.
 * Aistulf dies in a hunting accident, and is succeeded by Desiderius as king of the Lombards. Ex-king Ratchis attempts unsuccessfully to seize the throne, but is opposed by Stephen II.
 * Galla Gaulo is deposed, blinded and exiled. He is succeeded by Domenico Monegario as the sixth doge of Venice. During his reign Venetian maritime traders become increasingly active.
 * May – Prince Abd al-Rahman I and his followers capture the city of Seville without violence. He defeats Yusuf ibn 'Abd al-Rahman al-Fihri in a battle for control of the Muslim-ruled parts of the Iberian Peninsula (al-Andalus). Abd al-Rahman establishes the Emirate of Córdoba. During his reign trade and culture flourish, along with the construction of Islamic architecture (including the Great Mosque of Córdoba).

Britain

 * Battle of Newanbirig: Kings Óengus I of the Picts and Eadberht of Northumbria attack King Dumnagual III of Strathclyde, at Dumbarton Castle (modern Scotland). However, Eadberht's entire force is subsequently wiped out, probably by the Britons.
 * King Cuthred of Wessex dies after a 16-year reign. He is succeeded by his distant kinsman Sigeberht.

Abbasid Caliphate

 * Ibn al-Muqaffa', Muslim writer and thinker, is tortured at Basra (modern Iraq), on orders from Caliph al-Mansur. His limbs are severed and he is thrown, still alive, into a burning oven (approximate date).

Chinese Empire

 * January 18 – An Lushan Rebellion: The eastern capital of Luoyang falls to the 200,000-strong army of the rebel general An Lushan, who defeats loyalist forces under Feng Changqing. The rebels cross the Yellow River, and march on to capture the cities Chenliu and Yingyang (modern Zhengzhou, Henan).
 * Battle of Yongqiu: A Tang garrison (2,000 men), under Zhang Xun, successfully defend their fortress against the rebel army at Yongqiu. Zhang achieves a victory after a 4-month siege, and prevents the rebels from capturing the fertile Tang territory south of the Huai River.
 * February 5 – An Lushan declares himself emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new empire, called the Great Yan. He pushes on towards the primary Tang capital at Chang'an (now Xi'an). An decides to seize southern China, to cut off loyalist reinforcements. Meanwhile, numerous soldiers join the rebellion.
 * May – Emperor Xuan Zong hires 4,000 Muslim mercenaries to help defend Chang'an against the rebels. Loyalist forces take defensible positions in the mountain passes, but chancellor Yang Guozhong gives orders for them to leave their posts.
 * July 7 – An Lushan crushes the Tang troops at the Tong Pass, leaving the road to the capital wide open.
 * July 14 – Xuan Zong flees the capital of Chang'an (along with the imperial court) for Sichuan, as rebel forces advance through the Tongguan Pass toward the city. Meanwhile, An Lushan is ailing, perhaps with diabetes. He is nearly blind and suffers from extreme irascibility.
 * July 15 – Xuan Zong is ordered by his Imperial Guards to execute Yang Guozhong, by forcing him to commit suicide or face a mutiny. He permits his consort Yang Guifei to be strangled by his chief eunuch. An Lushan also has other members of the emperor's family killed.
 * August 12 – Xuan Zong abdicates the throne after a 44-year reign. He is succeeded by his son Su Zong, as emperor of the Tang Dynasty. He hires 22,000 Muslim mercenaries to reinforce his decimated army at Lingzhou.
 * November 19 – Tang General Fang Guan is defeated at Xianyang. The imperial forces consisted of two thousand oxcarts with cavalry and foot soldiers on two fronts, but the rebels took advantage of their upwind position and attacked with fire. Imperial forces killed or wounded numbered more than 40,000 men.

Japan

 * June 4 – Emperor Shōmu (retired since 749) dies at Nara. His wife Kōmyō dedicates over 600 items to the Great Buddha, and donates large sums of money to the Shōsō-in treasure (storehouse) in Tōdai-ji.

Births

 * Abo of Tiflis, Christian martyr (approximate date)
 * Abu Nuwas, Muslim poet (d. 814)
 * Fujiwara no Uchimaro, Japanese nobleman (d. 812)
 * Hisham I, Muslim emir of Córdoba (d. 796)
 * Ibrahim I, Muslim emir of the Aghlabids (d. 812)
 * Ismail ibn Ibrahim, Muslim scholar (d. 810)
 * Li Yijian, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 822)
 * Nikephoros, son of Constantine V (or 758)

Deaths

 * June 4 – Shōmu, emperor of Japan (b. 701)
 * July 15 – Yang Guifei, consort of Xuan Zong (b. 719)
 * Aistulf, duke of Friuli and king of the Lombards
 * Cuthred, king of Wessex (approximate date)
 * Dantidurga, founder of the Rashtrakuta Empire (b. 735)
 * Feng Changqing, general of the Tang Dynasty
 * Forggus mac Cellaig, king of Connacht (Ireland)
 * Gao Xianzhi, general of the Tang Dynasty
 * Ibn al-Muqaffa', Muslim writer (approximate date)
 * Isaac I of Antioch, Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.
 * Wang Changling, Chinese poet and official (b. 698)
 * Yang Guozhong, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty

title: 756


text:
758

Year 758 (DCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 758 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * Summer – Duke Liutprand of Benevento attains majority, and rebels against Lombard rule. King Desiderius defeats him, and grants his duchy to Arechis II (son of Liutprand). He marries Adelperga, daughter of Desiderius, and establishes friendly (but largely independent) relations with the Lombard Kingdom.
 * Desiderius deposes Alboin, duke of Spoleto (Central Italy), and exercises ducal authority himself, tying the duchy more closely to the Lombard capital of Pavia.

Britain

 * King Beorna of East Anglia dies. Prince Æthelred, descendant of the late king Rædwald, apparently succeeds as king (approximate date).
 * King Eadberht of Northumbria abdicates the throne in favour of his son, Oswulf. He enters the monastery attached to the cathedral of York.
 * King Swithred of Essex dies after a 12-year reign. He is succeeded by Sigeric, son of the late king Saelred (see 709).
 * King Cynewulf of Wessex retakes Berkshire from the Mercians, and begins a war with the Welsh (approximate date).

Africa

 * A group of four Basra-educated missionaries, including 'Abd al-Rahman Iban Rustam, proclaim the Ibadi imamate. Followers conquer the city of Kairouan (modern Tunisia), and massacre the Kharijites.

Asia

 * An Lushan Rebellion: The Chinese seaport of Guangzhou is sacked by Muslim and Persian raiders. The port is shut down for the next 5 decades, while foreign vessels dock at Hanoi (modern Vietnam) instead. Guangzhou thrives again, once it is reopened to foreign trade in the early 9th century.
 * June – Abbasid Arabs and Uyghur Turks arrive simultaneously at the Tang capital of Chang'an, in order to offer tribute to the imperial court. The Arabs and Turks bicker and fight over diplomatic prominence at the gate, to present tribute before the other. A settlement is reached when both are allowed to enter at the same time, but through different gates to the palace.
 * Empress Kōken abdicates the throne, after a 9-year reign. She is succeeded by her adopted son Junnin, grandson of the late emperor Tenmu. He becomes the 47th emperor (tennō) of Japan.

Births

 * Adrian, Count of Orléans, brother in law of Charlemagne and uncle of Louis the Pious (d. c. 821)
 * Hyegong, king of Silla (Korea) (d. 780)
 * Li Fengji, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 835)
 * Li Jifu, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 814)
 * Nikephoros, son of Constantine V (or 756)
 * Nikephoros I, patriarch of Constantinople (approximate date)
 * Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, Japanese shōgun (d. 811)
 * Sico of Benevento, Lombard prince (approximate date)
 * Theophanes the Confessor, Byzantine monk (or 760)
 * Wang Zhixing, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 836)
 * Wu Yuanheng, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 815)

Deaths

 * Beorna, king of East Anglia (approximate date)
 * Chen Xilie, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
 * Swithred, king of Essex

title: 758


text:
759

Year 759 (DCCLIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 759 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * Battle of the Rishki Pass: Emperor Constantine V invades Bulgaria again, but his forces are ambushed and defeated while crossing the Rishki Pass, near Stara Planina (modern Bulgaria). The Bulgarian ruler (khagan) Vinekh does not exploit his success, and begins peace negotiations.

Europe

 * Siege of Narbonne: The Franks under King Pepin III ("the Short") retake Narbonne from the Muslims, after a 7-year siege. He pushes them back across the Pyrenees, and the Muslims retreat to the Andalusian heartland after 40 years of occupation. The government of the city is assigned to the Visigothic count Miló.

Britain

 * July 24 – King Oswulf of Northumbria is murdered by members of his own household (his servants or bodyguards), at Market Weighton. The Deiran patrician, Æthelwald Moll, who probably conspired in the regicide, is crowned king of Norhumbria. He may have been a descendant of the late king Oswine of Deira.
 * Exceptional winter in England. Frost begins October 1, and ends February 26, 760.

Abbasid Caliphate

 * Caliph al-Mansur of the Abbasid Caliphate launches the conquest of Tabaristan (on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea). Its ruler, Khurshid II, flees into the mountainous region of Daylam.

Asia

 * An Lushan Rebellion: Tang forces under Guo Ziyi lay siege to the city of Yanjing (Northern China) as they increase their efforts to end the rebellion. The fighting creates such a shortage of food within its walls that rats sell at enormous prices.
 * Otomo no Yakamochi, Japanese general, compiles the first Japanese poetry anthology, Man'yōshū. It contains some 500 poems by Japanese poets who include the emperor, noblemen and commoners.
 * December 24 – Tang dynasty poet Du Fu departs for Chengdu, where he is hosted by fellow poet Pei Di.

Religion

 * The Tōshōdai-ji Buddhist Temple is founded in Nara, Japan.

Births

 * Alfonso II, king of Asturias (d. 842)
 * Asad ibn al-Furat, Muslim jurist and theologian (d. 828)
 * Gregory of Khandzta, Georgian archimandrite (d. 861)
 * Quan Deyu, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 818)
 * Theodore the Studite, Byzantine abbot (d. 826)
 * Wang Shizhen, general of the Tang dynasty (d. 809)
 * Wu Yantong, Chinese Buddhist monk (approximate date)

Deaths

 * July 24 – Oswulf, king of Northumbria
 * Edburga, Anglo-Saxon abbess
 * Dúngal mac Amalgado, king of Brega (Ireland)
 * Othmar, Swiss abbot (approximate date)
 * Wang Wei, Chinese poet (b. 699)

title: 759


text:
760

Year 760 (DCCLX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 760 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * Frankish King Pepin III ("the Short") begins his expedition to Septimania and Aquitaine. He conquers the cities of Carcassonne, Toulouse, Rodez and Albi. Duke Waifer of Aquitaine confiscates the Church lands, and plunders Burgundy. Pepin invades Aquitanian-held Berry and the Auvergne, capturing the fortresses of Bourbon and Clermont. Waifer's Basque troops are defeated by the Franks, and deported into northern France with their children and wives.

Britain

 * Battle of Hereford: The Welsh kingdoms of Brycheiniog, Gwent and Powys defeat the Mercians under King Offa at Hereford. They free themselves from the influence of the Anglo-Saxons.
 * Offa's Dyke is constructed around this time, according to the traditional history of this defensive earthwork. This 150-mile-long (240 km) earthwork marks the current border with the Welsh kingdoms, between England and Wales (approximate date). However, modern analysis of Offa's Dyke suggests that it was built in the 5th century, well before the reign of King Offa.

China

 * Former emperor Xuanzong is placed under house arrest by the eunuch official Li Fuguo, with the support of Xuanzong's son, Suzong. Li Fuguo is appointed commander of the Imperial Guards, possessing nearly absolute power during Suzong's reign.
 * The Kingdom of Nanzhao (Nanchao) in modern-day southern China expands into the Irrawaddy River region, first into Burma, then down into northern Laos and Thailand (approximate date).
 * Lu Yu begins writing The Classic of Tea.

Mesoamerica

 * The Maya city of Dos Pilas (modern Guatemala) is abandoned, after the Tamarindito and Petexbatún centres revolt against their Dos Pilas overlord.

Religion

 * The Church of Santa Sophia is founded by the Lombard duke Arechis II in Benevento (approximate date).
 * The Kailasa Temple is built on the orders of King Krishna I, of the Rashtrakuta Dynasty (modern India) (approximate date).
 * Bregowine is appointed archbishop of Canterbury in England.

Births

 * Angilbert, Frankish diplomat and abbot (approximate date)
 * Fujiwara no Otomuro, Japanese empress consort (d. 790)
 * Jonas, bishop of Orléans (approximate date)
 * Sibawayh, Persian linguist and grammarian (approximate date)
 * Theodulf, bishop of Orléans (approximate date)
 * Theophanes the Confessor, Byzantine monk (or 758)
 * Thomas the Slav, Byzantine general (approximate date)
 * Wei Guanzhi, Chinese chancellor (d. 821)
 * Zhang Hongjing, Chinese chancellor (d. 824)

Deaths

 * October 26 – Cuthbert, archbishop of Canterbury
 * Dumnagual III, king of Alt Clut (Scotland)
 * Gangulphus, Burgundian courtier
 * Kōmyō, empress of Japan (b. 701)
 * Liutprand, duke of Benevento (approximate date)
 * Muiredach mac Murchado, king of Leinster (Ireland)
 * Wu Daozi, Chinese painter (approximate date)

title: 760


text:
761

Year 761 (DCCLXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 761 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Britain

 * August 6 – Battle of Eildon: King Æthelwald Moll of Northumbria faces a rebellion, under a rival claimant to the throne named Oswine, brother of the murdered King Oswulf of Northumbria. Oswine is killed after a three-day battle against the forces of Æthelwald in Scotland.
 * Bridei V succeeds his brother Óengus I as king of the Picts (modern Scotland).

Europe

 * The city of Oviedo (Northern Spain) is founded by the monks Nolan and John (approximate date).
 * Construction is completed on the 108-room Castello di Lunghezza outside of Rome, Italy.

Abbasid Caliphate

 * An Abbasid Caliphate army reconquers the city of Kairouan (in modern-day Tunisia), from 'Abd al-Rahmān ibn Rustam of the Rustamid dynasty. The latter is forced to flee west, where he creates an autonomous state around Tihert (Tiaret).
 * Khurshid II, the last ruler (spāhbed) of Tabaristan, poisons himself when he learns that his family has been captured by the Abbasids.

Asia

 * The Japanese priest Dōkyō cures Empress Kōken by using prayers and potions. He may have become her lover and certainly becomes her court favorite, arousing the jealousy of Emperor Junnin.
 * A great Chinese famine in the Huai-Yangtze area, late in the year, drives many people to cannibalism (approximate date).

Births

 * Shun Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (d. 806)
 * Wu Chongyin, general of the Tang dynasty (d. 827)

Deaths

 * December 23 – Gaubald, bishop of Regensburg
 * Donngal mac Laidcnén, king of the Uí Ceinnselaig (Ireland)
 * Ibn Ishaq, Arab historian and hagiographer (or 767)
 * Khurshid II, ruler (spāhbed) of Tabaristan (b. 734)
 * Óengus I, king of the Picts
 * Shi Siming, general of the Tang dynasty (b. 703)
 * Empress Xin of China (b. unknown date)

title: 761


text:
762

Year 762 (DCCLXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 762nd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 762nd year of the 1st millennium, the 62nd year of the 8th century, and the 3rd year of the 760s decade. The denomination 762 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * Vinekh, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire, dies after a six-year reign. He is succeeded by Telets, ending the rule of the Vokil clan, and beginning the reign of the Ugain clan.
 * Al-Ala ibn Mugith, supporter of the Abbasid cause, is defeated by the Umayyad emir of al-Andalus, Abd al-Rahman I, at Beja (modern-day Portugal).

Britain

 * King Æthelbert II of Kent dies, and is succeeded by his nephew Eadberht II. He possibly rules all Kent for a time. Sigered, probably an East Saxon, succeeds in West Kent. Eadberht dies after a short reign, followed by Ealhmund as ruler of Kent.
 * King Æthelwald of Northumbria marries his queen, Æthelthryth, at Catterick (North Yorkshire).

Abbasid Caliphate

 * July 30 – Caliph al-Mansur moves the seat of the Abbasid Caliphate from Kufa to the new capital of Baghdad.
 * September 25 – The Alid Revolt begins: Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya raises the banner against the Abbasids at Medina, followed by his brother Ibrahim ibn Abdallah at Basra in early 763. Muhammad's rebellion is suppressed, and he is killed by Abbasid troops under Isa ibn Musa.

Asia

 * The Chinese official Li Fuguo murders Empress Zhang, wife of Emperor Su Zong. Shortly afterward Su Zong dies of a heart attack; he is succeeded by his son Dai Zong, who kills Li by sending assassins.

Religion

 * Schäftlarn Abbey (Bavaria) is founded by Waltrich, a Benedictine monk of noble family, south of modern-day Munich, Germany.

Births

 * Æthelred I, king of Northumbria (d. 796)
 * Sayyida Nafisa, Arab scholar (d. 824)

Deaths

 * Æthelbert II, king of Kent
 * Ashot III, Armenian prince
 * Eadberht II, king of Kent
 * Eardwulf, king of Kent
 * Gao Lishi, Chinese official and eunuch (b. 684)
 * Li Bai, (also Li Po), Chinese poet (b. 701)
 * Li Fuguo, Chinese official and eunuch (b. 704)
 * Milo, Frankish bishop (or 763)
 * Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya, Arab rebel leader
 * Su Zong, emperor of the Tang dynasty (b. 711)
 * Vinekh, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire
 * Xuan Zong, emperor of Tang dynasty (b. 685)
 * Zhang, empress of the Tang dynasty

title: 762


text:
763

Year 763 (DCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 763 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * June – Battle of Anchialus: Emperor Constantine V sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (800 ships and 9,600 cavalry) to Thrace, to defend the fortress city of Anchialus on the Black Sea Coast. Meanwhile, Telets, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire, blocks the mountain passes and takes positions on the heights near Anchialus. During a desperate cavalry charge, the Bulgars are defeated and many are captured; Telets manages to escape. Constantine enters Constantinople in triumph, and kills all the prisoners.

Europe

 * August – Byzantine troops invade the Papal States, in alliance with King Desiderius of the Lombards. King Pepin III ("the Short") intervenes, and begins negotiations between the Lombards and Pope Paul I. Desiderius promises to end the hostilities, but on condition that Pepin sends back Lombard hostages held by the Franks.

Britain

 * Ciniod I succeeds Bridei V, as king of the Picts (modern Scotland).

Abbasid Caliphate

 * In 763 Al-Mansur sent his troops to conquer Al-Andalus for the Abbasid empire. But the ruler Abd al-Rahman I successfully defended his territory. Al-Mansur withdrew and thereafter focused his troops on holding the eastern part of his empire on lands that were once part of Persia.
 * January 21 – Battle of Bakhamra: The Abbasid army under Isa ibn Musa defeats the Alids, and puts an end to their rebellion. The power of the Abbasid dynasty is consolidated.

Asia

 * February 17 – An Lushan Rebellion: Emperor Shi Chaoyi hangs himself to avoid being captured by Tang troops sent by the renegade Li Huaixian, ending the 7-year rebellion against the Tang dynasty in China.
 * November 18 – Forces of the Tibetan Empire, under Trisong Detsen, occupy the Tang capital of Chang'an (modern Xi'an) for 15 days, and install a puppet emperor. Tibetans take over the horse pastures.

Central America

 * July 2 – Yax Pasaj Chan Yopaat ("Rising Sun") becomes the new ruler of the Mayan city state of Copán in Honduras after the death of Kʼakʼ Yipyaj Chan Kʼawiil, who had reigned since 749. Yax Pasaj reigns until 810.

Births

 * Haito, bishop of Basel
 * Harun al-Rashid, Muslim caliph (or 766)
 * Wang, empress of the Tang dynasty (d. 816)

Deaths

 * November 20 – Domnall Midi, High King of Ireland
 * Bridei V, king of the Picts
 * Fang Guan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 697)
 * Jianzhen, Chinese Buddhist monk (b. 688)
 * Shi Chaoyi, emperor of the Yan (Anshi) state
 * Wei Jiansu, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 687)

title: 763


text:
764

Year 764 (DCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 764th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 764th year of the 1st millennium, the 64th year of the 8th century, and the 5th year of the 760s decade. The denomination 764 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * Domenico Monegario is deposed, after Pope Paul I demanded donations from Venice. Monegario is blinded and exiled, and succeeded by Maurizio Galbaio as the 7th doge of Venice. During his reign, Venetian wealth is increased via trade.

Britain

 * King Offa of Mercia conquers Kent, and brings an end to the rule of kings Ealhmund and Sigered in West Kent. He imposes Mercian overlordship on the kingdom, but allows a local king, Heaberht, to rule there.

Asia

 * October 14–21 – Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion: A short-lived revolt led by Fujiwara no Nakamaro is suppressed. Emperor Junnin is deposed after a 6-year reign, and forced into exile. Former empress Kōken reassumes the imperial throne of Japan, and takes the name Shōtoku. She appoints her close associate, the priest Dōkyō, prime minister (taishi), running the government with him. Nakamaro is captured and killed with his wife and children.

Geography

 * According to the historian Theophanes the Confessor, icebergs float past Constantinople from the Black Sea (approximate date).

Religion

 * Cancor, a Frankish count (possibly of Hesbaye), founds Lorsch Abbey (modern-day Germany).

Births

 * Abu Thawr, Muslim scholar (d. 854)
 * Al-Hadi, Muslim caliph (d. 786)
 * Fujiwara no Nakanari, Japanese nobleman (d. 810)
 * Li Jiang, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 830)
 * Tian Hongzheng, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 821)

Deaths

 * January 17 – Joseph of Freising, German bishop
 * Arwa bint Mansur al-Himyari, wife of caliph al-Mansur.
 * Abdallah ibn Ali, Muslim general
 * Bregowine, archbishop of Canterbury
 * Fujiwara no Nakamaro, Japanese statesman (b. 706)
 * Stephen the Younger, Byzantine theologian (or 765)

title: 764


text:
765

Year 765 (DCCLXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 765 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * King Pepin III ("the Short") restores the papal privileges (see Donation of Pepin) in Benevento and Tuscany territory (and partially in Spoleto).
 * The Annals of Tigernach tell of a shortage of bread in Ireland.

Britain

 * King Æthelwald of Northumbria is deposed at Pincanheale, possibly at a gathering of his own magnates. He is succeeded by Alhred, a distant cousin of the late king Oswulf.

Abbasid Caliphate

 * The Zenata Berber tribe of Banu Ifran rebels against the Abbasid Caliphate, and creates an independent state centered around Tlemcen (modern Algeria). Their tribal chief Abu Qurra rebuilds the city (formerly, the Roman colonia Pomaria).

Agriculture

 * European writings make the first known mention of a three-field system in use in medieval Europe. The crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons. Under this system, the land of an estate or village is divided into three large fields, and makes a given section of land productive 2 years out of 3, instead of every other year (approximate date).

Births

 * Ali al-Ridha, Shī‘ah Imām and Muslim scholar (d. 818)
 * Fastrada, Frankish queen consort (d. 794)
 * Han Hong, general of the Tang dynasty (d. 823)
 * Pei Du, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 839)

Deaths

 * September 27 – Pugu Huai'en, Chinese general during the Tang dynasty
 * Ceolwulf, king of Northumbria
 * Domnall Midi, High King of Ireland
 * Ealdwulf, bishop of Lindsey
 * Eardwulf, king of Kent
 * Flaithbertach mac Loingsig, High King of Ireland
 * Fujiwara no Toyonari, Japanese politician (b. 704)
 * Gao Shi, Chinese poet
 * Gyeongdeok, king of Silla (Korea)
 * Hemele, bishop of Lichfield
 * Ja'far al-Sadiq, sixth Shī‘ah Imām and Muslim scholar (b. 702)
 * Junnin, emperor of Japan (b. 733)
 * Miao Jinqing, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 685)
 * Stephen the Younger, Byzantine theologian (or 764)
 * Telets, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire
 * Tello, bishop of Chur (approximate date)
 * Wang Changling, Chinese poet and official (b. 698)

title: 765


text:
766

Year 766 (DCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 766th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 766th year of the 1st millennium, the 66th year of the 8th century, and the 7th year of the 760s decade. The denomination 766 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * August 25 – Emperor Constantine V publicly humiliates 19 high-ranking officials in the Hippodrome of Constantinople, after discovering a plot against him. He executes the leaders, Constantine Podopagouros and his brother Strategios, and blinds and exiles the rest.
 * Autumn – Siege of Kamacha: Abbasid forces under al-Hasan ibn Qahtaba are defeated at the fortress city of Kamacha, in eastern Cappadocia (modern Turkey). A Byzantine relief army (12,000 men) forces the Abbasids to retreat into Armenia.
 * Sabin, ruler (khagan) of Bulgaria, flees to the Byzantine fortress city of Mesembria, from where he escapes to Constantinople. Constantine V arranges for the transfer of Sabin's family from Bulgaria.

Abbasid Caliphate

 * Baghdad nears completion as up to 100,000 labourers create a circular city about 1 or 2 km in diameter (depending on the source). In the center of the "Round City" is a palace built for Caliph al-Mansur. The capital is ringed by three lines of walls (approximate date).

Asia

 * The Karluks defeat the Turgesh Khaganate in Central Asia. Most of Turkestan (former Onoq territory) falls under Karluk rule, except west of Lake Aral, where the loose confederation of the Oghuz Turks is about to emerge.

Religion

 * Summer – Patriarch Constantine II is deposed and jailed, after the discovery of Constantine Podopagouros' plot against Constantine V. Nicetas I is appointed patriarch of Constantinople.
 * Metten Abbey, near the town of Deggendorf (Bavaria), is founded by Gamelbert of Michaelsbuch.

Births

 * Al-Fadl ibn Yahya al-Barmaki, Muslim governor (d. 808)
 * Ali al-Ridha, 8th Shia Imam (d. 818)
 * Harun al-Rashid, Muslim caliph (or 763)
 * Li Cheng, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty
 * Zhang Ji, Chinese scholar and poet (approximate date)

Deaths

 * March 6 – Chrodegang, Frankish bishop
 * August 25
 * Constantine Podopagouros, Byzantine official
 * Strategios Podopagouros, Byzantine general
 * Abdullah al-Aftah, Shī‘ah Imam and Muslim scholar
 * Fallomon mac Con Congalt, king of Mide (Ireland)
 * Fujiwara no Matate, Japanese nobleman (b. 715)
 * Muhammad ibn al-Ash'ath al-Khuza'i, Muslim governor

title: 766


text:
AD 767

Year 767 (DCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 767th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 767th year of the 1st millennium, the 67th year of the 8th century, and the 8th year of the 760s decade. The denomination 767 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Emperor Constantine V invades Bulgaria across the Balkan Mountains, setting afire some settlements around the Bulgarian capital of Pliska. Constantine accepts a peace agreement with Pagan, the Bulgar ruler (khagan), whose land is in anarchy.

Europe

 * The Franks, under King Pepin III ("the Short"), destroy resistance in central Aquitaine. They conquer the capital of Bordeaux, and devastate the whole region.
 * Pepin III receives a Byzantine delegation at his court in Gentilly (southern suburbs of Paris). They discuss foreign policy regarding Italy, and Byzantine Iconoclasm.

Africa

 * The Kharijite Berbers of Tlemcen and Tiaret try to conquer Ifriqiya from the Abbasid Caliphate, but fail to capture the capital of Kairouan (modern Tunisia).

Religion

 * June 28 – Pope Paul I dies at Rome after a 10-year reign, in which he has protested against Constantine V's revival of Iconoclasm at Constantinople. He gives refuge to Greek monks who were expelled from the Byzantine Empire, and moves the relics of many saints from the catacombs to Roman churches. Duke Toto of Nepi has his layman brother elected to succeed Paul, under the name Constantine II.

Births

 * September 15 – Saichō, Japanese Buddhist monk (d. 822)
 * Bishr al-Hafi, Muslim theologian (approximate date)
 * Ja'far ibn Yahya, Persian vizier (d. 803)
 * Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi`i, Muslim imam (d. 820)
 * Pepin the Hunchback, son of Charlemagne (approximate date)

Deaths

 * April 20 – Taichō, Japanese Buddhist monk (b. 682)
 * June 28 – Paul I, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 700)
 * Abū Hanīfa, Muslim imam and scholar (b. 699)
 * Aedh Ailghin, king of Uí Maine (Ireland)
 * Constantine II, patriarch of Constantinople
 * Ibn Ishaq, Muslim historian and hagiographer (or 761)
 * Ibn Jurayj, Muslim scholar (approximate date)
 * Muqatil ibn Sulayman, Muslim mufassir and theologian
 * Murchad mac Flaithbertaig, chief of the Cenél Conaill
 * Toktu, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire

title: AD 767


text:
769

Year 769 (DCCLXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 769 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * King Charlemagne (Charles "the Great") begins a military campaign against the Duchy of Aquitaine and the Duchy of Gascony. He leads a Frankish army to the city of Bordeaux, where he sets up a fort at Fronsac. His younger brother Carloman I refuses to help his brother fight the rebels, and returns to Burgundy. Hunald, duke of Aquitaine, is forced to flee to the court of Gascony. Lupus II, fearing Charlemagne, turns Hunald over in exchange for peace, and is put in a monastery. Aquitaine and Gascony are subdued into the Frankish Kingdom.

Religion

 * April 12–15 – Pope Stephen III summons a Lateran Council: the papal election procedure (abuse of which has led to the election of antipopes) is changed, and the iconoclasm of the Council of Hieria is anathematized.
 * The Monastery of Tallaght is founded by Máel Ruain in Ireland. The monastery becomes a centre of learning and piety, particularly associated with the Céli Dé spiritual reform movement.
 * Hersfeld Abbey (modern-day Hesse-Nassau), Germany, is founded by Lullus, archbishop of Mainz (approximate date).

Births

 * Du Yuanying, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (d. 833)
 * Egbert, king of Wessex (or 771)
 * Pepin the Hunchback, the first child of Charlemagne

Deaths

 * January 14 – Cui Huan, chancellor of the Tang dynasty
 * March 9 – Alan of Farfa, Aquitanian scholar and hermit
 * December 13 – Du Hongjian, chancellor of the Tang dynasty (b. 709)
 * Conchubhar mac Cumasgach, king of Uí Fiachrach Aidhne (Ireland)
 * Cuthfrith, bishop of Lichfield (approximate date)
 * Dub Calgaid mac Laidcnén, king of the Uí Ceinnselaig (Ireland)
 * Gülnar Hatun, legendary Turkish heroine
 * Ma'n ibn Za'ida al-Shaybani, Arab general and governor (or 770)

title: 769


text:
AD 130

Year 130 (CXXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Catullinus and Aper (or, less frequently, year 883 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 130 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * A law is passed in Rome banning the execution of slaves without a trial.
 * The Temple of Olympian Zeus is completed at Athens.
 * Emperor Hadrian visits the cities Petra and Gerasa (Jerash).
 * A Triumphal Arch for Hadrian is built in Gerasa.
 * Construction begins on Canopus, Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy.

Asia

 * Huviska becomes king of the Kushan Empire in India.
 * The Scythian king Rudradaman I reconquers the lands annexed by Gautamiputra from the Andhra.

Arts and sciences

 * Claudius Ptolemaeus tabulates angles of refraction for several media.
 * The Antinous Mondragone is sculpted.
 * c. 130–138 – Hadrian Hunting Boar and Sacrificing to Apollo, sculptural reliefs on the Arch of Constantine, Rome, are made.
 * c. 130–138 – Antinous, from Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli, Italy, is made. It is now kept at Museo Gregoriano Egizio, Rome.

Births

 * December 15 – Lucius Verus, Roman emperor (d. 169)
 * Avidius Cassius, Roman general and usurper (d. 175)
 * Faustina the Younger, Roman empress
 * Irenaeus, Greek bishop and saint (d. 202)

Deaths

 * October 30 – Antinous, lover of Hadrian (b. 111)
 * Carpocrates, religious philosopher
 * Juvenal, Roman poet and satirist
 * Marinus of Tyre, Greek cartographer
 * Publius Juventius Celsus, Roman jurist (b. AD 67)
 * Chu Fu, Chinese occultist
 * Emperor Keikō of Japan, according to legend.

title: AD 130


text:
AD 131

Year 131 (CXXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Laenas and Rufinus (or, less frequently, year 884 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 131 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * Emperor Hadrian builds the city Aelia Capitolina, on the location of Jerusalem.
 * The Praetor's Edict is definitively codified by Salvius Julianus, on Hadrian's orders. This change means that senatorial decrees become a mere confirmation of the imperial speech (oratio principis) which initiated them.
 * Reorganization of the Imperial Council: Central administration is reinforced, and administrative positions are entrusted to knights, according to a very strict hierarchy. Under the reorganization, the Roman Senate is excluded from controlling the business of state.
 * Hadrian restores the monarchist policy of Claudius and Domitian. The equestrian order is given full legal status, and attains the second order of the state.
 * Italy is divided into legal districts managed by consuls, a direct blow to the power and prestige of the Senate.

Religion

 * The Edict of Hadrian prohibits the practice of circumcision. Additionally, Hadrian prohibits public reading of the Torah under penalty of death, as well as observance of festivals and the Sabbath, the teaching of Judaic Law, and the ordination of rabbis.
 * The Temple of Baalshamin is built in Palmyra.

Deaths

 * Joshua ben Hananiah, leading Jewish tanna

title: AD 131


text:
AD 132

Year 132 (CXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Serius and Sergianus (or, less frequently, year 885 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 132 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * The Temple of Olympian Zeus (Athens) is completed, using Cossutius' design.
 * Bar Kokhba revolt: The messianic, charismatic Jewish leader Simon bar Kokhba starts a war of liberation for Judea against the Romans, which is eventually crushed (in 135) by Emperor Hadrian; Rabbi Akiva is supportive of the rebellion.
 * Legio X Fretensis must evacuate Jerusalem, returning to Caesarea. The Jews enter the city, and re-establish their system of sacrifices. They strike coins to celebrate their independence, which will last for only 30 months. Legio XXII Deiotariana, which advanced from Egypt, is completely destroyed.
 * Merchants in Britain build structures outside the forts of Hadrian's Wall, and offer goods and services (including brothels) to Roman soldiers, who receive salaries in a region that otherwise has virtually no ready money.
 * Construction begins on the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome (known today as Castel Sant'Angelo).

Asia

 * Change of era name from Yongjian (7th year) to Yangjia of the Chinese Han dynasty.

Art and Science

 * Chinese scientist Zhang Heng invents the first seismometer for determining the exact cardinal direction of earthquakes hundreds of miles away; the device employs a series of complex gears around a central swinging pendulum.

Births

 * Cai Yong, Chinese calligrapher and musician (d. 192)
 * Han Huandi, emperor of the Han dynasty (d. 168)
 * Tao Qian, Chinese official and warlord (d. 194)

Deaths

 * Juvenal of Benevento, Roman Christian and saint
 * Sun Cheng, Chinese eunuch and politician

title: AD 132


text:
AD 133

Year 133 (CXXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hiberus and Sisenna (or, less frequently, year 886 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 133 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * Bar Kokhba Revolt: Sextus Julius Severus, Roman governor of Britain, is sent to Judea (in 136 renamed Syria Palaestina) to quell the revolt. Jewish rebels, led by Simon bar Kokhba and Eleazar, cut off the vital supply lines and Roman garrisons in Palestine. Despite Roman reinforcements from Syria and Egypt, they establish an independent state in Judea.

Births

 * January 30 – Didius Julianus, Roman emperor (according to Cassius Dio) (d. 193)
 * Athenagoras of Athens, Greek Christian apologist (d. 190)
 * Bian Zhang, Chinese general, official (d. 186)

Deaths

 * Cyriacus, bishop of Jerusalem (approximate date)

title: AD 133


text:
AD 134

Year 134 (CXXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ursus and Varus (or, less frequently, year 887 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 134 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * A law improving the lot of free workers is passed in Rome.
 * Arrianus, Roman governor of Cappadocia, repulses an attack of the Alani, a nomadic tribe from southeastern Russia.
 * Summer – Sextus Julius Severus, Roman governor of Judea, begins a campaign against the Jewish rebel strongholds in the mountains.
 * The Romans retake Jerusalem. The largely-destroyed city is renamed Aelia Capitolina.

Asia

 * Ilseong becomes ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla.

Architecture

 * Hadrian's Villa in Tivoli, Italy, is completed.

Births

 * Dong Zhuo, Chinese general and warlord (d. 192)
 * Marcus Macrinius Avitus Catonius Vindex, Roman politician (d. 176)

Deaths

 * Jima of Silla (or Jima Isageum), Korean ruler of Silla

title: AD 134


text:
AD 135

Year 135 (CXXXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lupercus and Atilianus (or, less frequently, year 888 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 135 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * A Jewish diaspora begins, as Emperor Hadrian bars Jews from Jerusalem, and has survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many join Mediterranean ports.
 * Jerusalem is renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina, in honor of Hadrian. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilds the legionary fortress in the city, and constructs a Roman temple at Golgotha.
 * An altar to Jupiter is erected, on the site of the Temple in Jerusalem.
 * Canopus, Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy, is finished.
 * Alans threaten Cappadocia; they are repulsed by Arrian.

Asia

 * Last (4th) year of Yangjia era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.

Religion

 * Marcus (or Mahalia) becomes bishop of Jerusalem (d. 156)

Births

 * He Jin, Chinese Grand Marshal and regent (d. 189)
 * Judah ha-Nasi, Talmudic scholar (according to Jewish tradition, he was born the same day Rabbi Akiva died a martyr's death) (d. 217)
 * Sanabares, Indo-Parthian king (d. 160)

Deaths

 * Epictetus, Greek Stoic philosopher (b. AD 50)
 * Rabbi Akiva, Jewish scholar and sage (b. AD 50)
 * Rabbi Ishmael, Jewish scholar and lawmaker
 * Simon bar Kokhba, Jewish military leader

title: AD 135


text:
AD 136

Year 136 (CXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 136th Year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 136th year of the 1st millennium, the 36th year of the 2nd century, and the 7th year of the 130s decade. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Commodus and Civica (or, less frequently, year 889 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 136 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * The war against the Suebi begins (they will be defeated by Tiberius Haterius Nepos Atinas, Roman governor of Pannonia, in 138).
 * Emperor Hadrian chases the Jews from Galilee, and receives a triumphal arch near Scythopolis.
 * The Roman province of Iudaea (plus Galilee) becomes Syria Palaestina; the name Palestine as a designation for this land has been used since at least the 5th century BC (mentioned by Herodotus).
 * Hadrian dictates his memoirs at his villa near Tivoli (Tibur) outside Rome.
 * Hadrian uncovers a new conspiracy among certain senators. He adopts Lucius Aelius as his heir.

Asia

 * First year of Yonghe era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.

Religion

 * Pope Hyginus succeeds Pope Telesphorus as the ninth pope of Rome according to tradition.
 * Change of Bishop of Byzantium from Bishop Eleutherius to Bishop Felix.

Deaths

 * May 24 – Judah ben Dama, one of the Ten Martyrs
 * Gajabahu I, king of Raja Rata (modern Sri Lanka)
 * Lucius Julius Servianus, Roman politician (b. AD 45)
 * Rabbi Akiva, Jewish scholar and sage (b. AD 50)

title: AD 136


text:
AD 137

Year 137 (CXXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Balbinus (or, less frequently, year 890 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 137 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * Tax laws are passed for trade in Palmyra. The caravan city grows rich by importing rare products from the Persian Gulf, and by exporting items manufactured by the Mediterranean world to the East.

Births

 * Didius Julianus, Roman emperor (according to Historia Augusta) (d. 193)
 * Shi Xie, Chinese official, ruler of Jiaozhi (d. 226)
 * Wang Yun, Chinese official, politician (d. 192)

Deaths

 * Telesphorus of Rome

title: AD 137


text:
AD 138

Year 138 (CXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Niger and Camerinus (or, less frequently, year 891 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 138 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * February 25 – Emperor Hadrian makes Antoninus Pius his successor, on condition that he adopt Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus.
 * July 10 – Hadrian dies after a heart failure at Baiae, and is buried at Rome in the Gardens of Domitia beside his wife, Vibia Sabina.
 * Antoninus Pius succeeds Hadrian as Roman Emperor, and asks the Senate to confer divine honors for Hadrian.
 * Construction begins on the Theater of Philadelphia (Amman).
 * Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy, is finished.

Commerce

 * The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 75 percent under Emperor Antoninus Pius, down from 87 percent under Hadrian.

Births

 * Han Zhidi, Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty (d. 146)
 * Marcus Ummidius Quadratus, Roman politician (d. 182)

Deaths

 * January 1 – Lucius Aelius Caesar, Roman politician and adopted son of Hadrian (b. 101)
 * July 10 – Hadrian, Roman emperor died at Baie (b. AD 76)
 * Zenobius, Greek sophist and writer (b. 117)

title: AD 138


text:
AD 139

Year 139 (CXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, in Western civilization, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hadrianus and Praesens (or, less frequently, year 892 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 139 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * The Tomb of Hadrian in Rome is completed; Emperor Antoninus Pius cremates the body of Hadrian, and places his ashes, together with that of his wife Vibia Sabina and his adopted son, Lucius Aelius, in the mausoleum.
 * Marcus Aurelius is named Caesar. He marries the 9-year-old Faustina the Younger, daughter of Antoninus Pius.
 * Antoninus Pius and Gaius Bruttius Praesens become Roman Consuls.

Armenia

 * 139 Mcurn earthquake, listed in bibliographical records of seismology as having affected the city of Mcurn (modern Hösnek, Turkey). The earthquake reportedly took place in the vicinity of Mount Ararat. The region was part of the historic Kingdom of Armenia, corresponding to eastern areas of modern Turkey. A primary source for the earthquake is the work of the historian Movses Khorenatsi (5th century).

Deaths

 * Zhang Heng, Chinese astronomer and statesman (b. AD 78)

title: AD 139


text:
70 BC

Year 70 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Pompeius and Crassus (or, less frequently, year 684 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 70 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Republic

 * August – In Rome, Cicero prosecutes former governor Verres; Verres exiles himself to Marseille before the trial is over.
 * The office of censor is reinstated.
 * Lucullus captures Sinop, then invades Armenia.

Parthia

 * Phraates III becomes the king of Parthia.

Births

 * October 15 – Virgil, Roman poet (d. 19 BC)
 * Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt (d. 30 BC)
 * Crinagoras, Greek epigrammatist (d. 18 BC)
 * Gaius Maecenas, Roman politician (d. 8 BC)

Deaths

 * Mithridates I, king of Commagene
 * Sanatruces (or Sanatruk), king of Parthia

title: 70 BC


text:
AD 140

Year 140 (CXL) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hadrianus and Caesar (or, less frequently, year 893 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 140 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * Emperor Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls.
 * Antoninus Pius recognizes the king of the Quadi, who becomes an ally of Rome.
 * King Mithridates V dies; Vologases III claims the throne and extends his rule throughout the Parthian Empire.
 * The export of olive oil from Hispania Baetica to Rome peaks.

Religion

 * Pope Pius I succeeds Pope Hyginus as the tenth pope of Rome according to tradition.
 * Marcion arrives in Rome, bringing Evangelikon and Apostolikon to the Christian community.

Art and science

 * Ptolemy completes his Almagest (approximate date).

Births

 * Ballomar, leader of the Marcomanni (approximate date)
 * Zhang Jiao, leader of the Yellow Turban Rebellion (d. 184)

Deaths

 * Faustina the Elder, Roman empress (b. 100 AD)
 * Gaius Bruttius Praesens Lucius Fulvius Rusticus, Roman politician (b. AD 68)
 * Menelaus of Alexandria, Greek mathematician (b. AD 70)
 * Mithridates V, king of the Parthian Empire

title: AD 140


text:
AD 141

Year 141 (CXLI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Stloga (or, less frequently, year 894 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 141 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina is constructed in Rome; the temple is dedicated to Empress Faustina the Elder.

Asia

 * Last (6th) year of Yonghe era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
 * The 141 Lycia earthquake affects most of the Roman provinces of Lycia and Caria and the islands of Rhodes, Kos, Simi and Serifos.  It triggers a severe tsunami, which causes major inundation.

Religion

 * Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Felix of Byzantium to Polycarpus II of Byzantium.

Arts and Science

 * 6th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet.

Births

 * Cheng Yu, Chinese politician and court advisor (d. 220)
 * Ummidia Cornificia Faustina, Roman noblewoman (d. 182)

Deaths

 * Faustina the Elder, Roman empress (b. c. AD 100)
 * Philo of Byblos, Phoenician historical writer (b. AD 64)

title: AD 141


text:
AD 142

Year 142 (CXLII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in the Roman Empire as the Year of the Consulship of Pactumeius and Quadratus (or, less frequently, year 895 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 142 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * Emperor Antoninus Pius orders the construction of the Antonine Wall. The wall stretches 39 miles (63 km), from Old Kilpatrick in West Dunbartonshire on the Firth of Clyde, to Carriden near Bo'ness on the Firth of Forth (Scotland). The Romans build 19 forts and smaller fortlets (milecastles), to protect the border against the Caledonians.
 * Municipal doctors are named throughout the Roman Empire.

Asia

 * First year of the Hanan era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.
 * The Chinese Taoist alchemist Wei Boyang, author of the Kinship of the Three, is the first to describe an early form of gunpowder solution.

Religion

 * Marcion proclaims that the Old Testament is incompatible with Christianity.

Births

 * Papinian, Roman jurist and praetorian prefect (d. 212)
 * Elpinice, Roman noblewoman (d. 165)
 * Liu Biao, Chinese governor (d. 208)

Deaths

 * Hyginus, bishop of Rome (approximate date)

title: AD 142


text:
AD 143

Year 143 (CXLIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Torquatus and Hipparchus (or, less frequently, year 896 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 143 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * Antoninus Pius serves as Roman Consul.
 * A revolt of the Brigantes tribe in Britannia is suppressed by Quintus Lollius Urbicus.

Medicine

 * The Roman doctor Antyllus performs the first arteriotomy.

Births

 * Athenais, Roman noblewoman (d. 161)
 * Chong of Han, Chinese emperor (d. 145)

Deaths

 * Cui Yuan, Chinese politician and poet
 * Venera, Roman Christian saint (b. c. 100)

title: AD 143


text:
AD 144

Year 144 (CXLIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rufus and Maximus (or, less frequently, year 897 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 144 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * Lucius Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus and Titus Statilius Maximus become Roman Consuls.
 * The Roman campaigns in Mauretania begin.

Asia

 * Change of era name from Hanan (3rd year) to Jiankang era of the Chinese Han dynasty.
 * Change of emperor from Han Shundi to Han Chongdi of the Han dynasty.
 * Reign of Huvishka, emperor of the Kushan Empire.

Religion

 * Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Polycarpus II to Athendodorus (until 148).
 * Marcion of Sinope is excommunicated; a sect, Marcionism, grows out of his beliefs.

Births

 * Kahiko-Lue-Mea, Hawaiian ruler

Deaths

 * September 20 – Han Shundi, Chinese emperor (b. 115)
 * Polemon of Laodicea, Greek sophist (b. c. AD 90)

title: AD 144


text:
AD 145

Year 145 (CXLV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hadrianus and Caesar (or, less frequently, year 898 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 145 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls.
 * Marcus Aurelius marries Faustina the Younger, the daughter of Antoninus Pius.
 * Arrian becomes archon in Athens.

Asia

 * Change of emperor from Han Chongdi to Han Zhidi of the Chinese Han dynasty.

Births

 * April 11 – Septimius Severus, Roman emperor (d. 211)

Deaths

 * Han Chongdi, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 143)

title: AD 145


text:
AD 146

Year 146 (CXLVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Clarus and Severus (or, less frequently, year 899 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 146 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * Faustina the Younger is given the title Augusta, and becomes Roman Empress.
 * Marcus Aurelius receives the imperium proconsular.

Asia

 * Change of era name from Yongxi (1st year) to Benchu era of the Chinese Han dynasty.
 * Han Huandi succeeds Han Zhidi as emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty.
 * Chadae becomes ruler of the Korean kingdom of Goguryeo.

Births

 * Guo Si (or Guo Duo), Chinese general (d. 197)

Deaths

 * Han Zhidi, Chinese emperor of the Han dynasty (b. 138)
 * Sextus Erucius Clarus, Roman politician

title: AD 146


text:
AD 147

Year 147 (CXLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Messalinus and Largus (or, less frequently, year 900 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 147 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire

 * Marcus Aurelius receives imperial powers, from Emperor Antoninus Pius.
 * Festivals to celebrate the 900th anniversary of the founding of Rome begin.
 * King Vologases III dies after a 42-year reign, in which he has contended successfully with his rivals.
 * King Vologases IV, son of Mithridates V of Parthia, unites the Parthian Empire under his rule.

Asia

 * First year of Jianhe of the Chinese Han Dynasty.

Births

 * Annia Galeria Aurelia Faustina, daughter of Marcus Aurelius (approximate date)
 * Jia Xu (or Wenhe), Chinese official and adviser (d. 223)
 * Lokaksema, Kushan Buddhist monk and traveler (d. 189)

Deaths

 * Li Gu, Chinese scholar and official (b. AD 93)
 * Vologases III, king of the Parthian Empire
 * Xu Shen, Chinese politician and writer (b. AD 58)

title: AD 147


text:
AD 148

Year 148 (CXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cornelius and Calpernius (or, less frequently, year 901 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 148 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Roman Empire
Emperor Antoninus Pius hosts a series of grand games, to celebrate Rome's 900th anniversary.

Asia

 * An Shigao arrives in China.

Religion

 * Euzois succeeds Athendodorus, as Patriarch of Constantinople.

Births

 * Xun Yue (or Zhongyu), Chinese official and historian (d. 209)

Deaths

 * Athendodorus, Patriarch of Constantinople.

title: AD 148


text:
AD 149

Year 149 (CXLIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scipio and Priscus (or, less frequently, year 902 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 149 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Births

 * Sima Fang (or Jiangong), Chinese official and scholar of the Han Dynasty (d. 219)

title: AD 149


text:
770

Year 770 (DCCLXX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 770 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * King Charlemagne signs a peace treaty with Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria, and marries the Lombard princess Desiderata (daughter of King Desiderius). He travels to the Lombard court at Pavia to conclude arrangements. Pope Stephen III opposes the marriage, and protests about a Frankish-Lombard alliance.
 * Hedeby, an important trading settlement, in the Danish-northern German borderland is founded (approximate date).

Britain

 * King Alhred of Northumbria takes an interest in continental missionary activities, and sends Willehad to Frisia in modern-day Netherlands (approximate date).

Abbasid Caliphate

 * Caliph al-Mansur orders the closing of the Canal of the Pharaohs (Egypt). The only remaining land routes to transship camel caravans' goods are from Alexandria to ports on the Red Sea, or the northern Byzantine termini of the Silk Road.

Asia

 * August 28 – Empress Kōken (also Shōtoku) of Japan dies.

Births

 * Ansegisus, Frankish abbot (approximate date)
 * Jayavarman II, founder of the Khmer Empire (d. 835)
 * Michael I, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 844)
 * Michael II, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d. 829)
 * Pepin of Italy, son of Charlemagne (or 773)
 * Prokopia, empress of the Byzantine Empire (approximate date)
 * Stephen IV, pope of the Catholic Church (approximate date)
 * Sugawara no Kiyotomo, Japanese nobleman (d. 842)

Deaths

 * August 28 – Kōken, empress of Japan (b. 718)
 * Cennselach mac Brain, king of the Uí Ceinnselaig (Ireland)
 * Du Fu, Chinese poet (b. 712)
 * Ma'n ibn Za'ida al-Shaybani, Arab general (or 769)
 * Modestus, Irish missionary (approximate date)
 * Opportuna of Montreuil, Frankish abbess
 * Tóim Snáma mac Flainn, king of Osraige (Ireland)

title: 770


text:
773

Year 773 (DCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 773rd year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 773rd year of the 1st millennium, the 73rd year of the 8th century, and the 4th year of the 770s decade. The denomination 773 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * Summer – King Charlemagne and his uncle Bernard, son of Charles Martel, cross the Alps with a Frankish expeditionary force at the request of Pope Adrian I. At the foot of the mountains in the Susa Valley (Northern Italy), the Franks are hindered by Lombard fortifications. After scouting, Charlemagne attacks the defenders from the flank, and forces the Lombards to flee to the fortified capital Pavia.
 * Siege of Pavia: Charlemagne besieges Pavia, which is poorly stocked with food. King Desiderius remains in the capital, and orders his son Adalgis to defend Verona to guard Gerberga, and the children of Carloman I. After a short siege, Adalgis flees to Constantinople, where he is received by Emperor Constantine V. Meanwhile, the Franks capture the cities of Verona and Mortara.
 * Saxon Wars: Saxon forces seize upon Charlemagne's preoccupation with Italy to retake Eresburg and Syburg (near Dortmund). They unsuccessfully attack the episcopal centre of Büraburg, which had been established by St. Boniface (see 723).

Britain

 * King Alhred of Northumbria makes overtures of friendship toward Charlemagne (approximate date).

Abbasid Caliphate

 * The number 0 is introduced to the city of Baghdad, which will be developed in the Middle East by Arabian mathematicians, who will base their numbers on the Indian system (long after the Maya culture developed the concept, cf. Maya numerals).

Asia

 * King Khongtekcha of Manipur (modern India) dies after a 10-year reign; during his rule the Meitei language script first appears.

Ecology

 * A large and sudden increase in radiocarbon (14C) occurs around 773, in coral skeletons from the South China Sea (see 774-775 carbon-14 spike).

Births

 * Duan Wenchang, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 835)
 * Fujiwara no Otsugu, Japanese statesman (d. 843)
 * Heizei, emperor of Japan (d. 824)
 * Li Su, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 821)
 * Liu Zongyuan, Chinese poet and official (d. 819)
 * Pepin of Italy, son of Charlemagne (d. 810)
 * Peter of Atroa, Byzantine abbot and saint (d. 837)
 * Wei Chuhou, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 829)

Deaths

 * June 11 – Li Miao, Tang dynasty Chinese prince
 * Brochfael ap Elisedd, king of Powys (Wales)
 * Donn Cothaid mac Cathail, king of Connacht (Ireland)
 * Khongtekcha, king of Manipur (India)
 * Rōben, Japanese Buddhist monk (b. 689)
 * Xue Song, general of the Yan and Tang Dynasties

title: 773


text:
775

Year 775 (DCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 775 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * September 14 – Emperor Constantine V dies while on a campaign in Bulgaria. In his 34-year reign he has suppressed monasticism and image worship, restored aqueducts, revived commerce, and repopulated Constantinople. He is succeeded by his 25-year-old son Leo IV ("the Khazar"), who continues Constantine's campaigns against the Bulgars and Muslim Arabs.

Europe

 * Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne holds a major assembly at Quierzy (Northern France). He leads a Frankish army into Saxony to retake the castrum of Syburg (near Dortmund), then rebuilds and garrisons fortified Eresburg. He reaches the Weser at a place called Braunsberg, where the Saxons stand for battle, but are defeated when Frankish troops cross the river.
 * Westphalian Saxons, probably commanded by Widukind, cross the Weser and fight an inconclusive battle at Hlidbeck (modern-day Lübbecke). Charlemagne claims victory, but perhaps in reality suffers a setback. He reunites his forces and inflicts a real defeat upon the Saxons, seizing considerable booty and taking hostages, though Widukind escapes.
 * Autumn – Charlemagne retakes the Hellweg (main corridor) along the Lippe Valley, establishing communications between Austrasia, Hesse and Thuringia. It is used as a trade route under Frankish supervision.
 * The German city of Giessen (Hesse) is founded.

Africa

 * Andalusian merchants set up an emporium (trade settlement) on the Maghreb coast at Ténès (modern Algeria). It is early evidence of the revival of the maritime trade in the Western Mediterranean, after the chaos of the early 8th century.

Arab Caliphate

 * April 25 – Battle of Bagrevand: The Abbasids put an end to an Armenian rebellion. Muslim control over Transcaucasia is solidified, while several major Armenian nakharar families, notably the Mamikonian, lose power and flee to the Byzantine Empire.
 * Caliph al-Mansur (r. 754–775) dies after a 21-year reign, in which he has made Baghdad the residence of the Abbasid Caliphate. He is succeeded by his son al-Mahdi.
 * At around this time, Baghdad becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Chang'an, capital of China.

Asia

 * Tibet subdues her Himalayan neighbors, and concludes a boundary agreement with the Chinese Tang dynasty (approximate date).
 * King Dharmapala begins his reign of Bengal (South Asia).

Astronomy

 * A 1.2% growth of carbon-14 concentration recorded in tree rings suggests that a very strong solar storm may have hit Earth, in either 774 or 775.

Births

 * Amalarius, archbishop of Trier (approximate date)
 * Ebbo, archbishop of Reims (d. 851)
 * Einhard, Frankish scholar (d. 840)
 * Fujiwara no Fuyutsugu, Japanese general (d. 826)
 * Hilduin, bishop of Paris (d. 840)
 * Leo V, Byzantine emperor (d. 820)
 * Rotrude, Frankish princess, daughter of Charlemagne (or 778)
 * Tahir ibn Husayn, 9th-century Persian Abbasid governor (or 776)
 * Theodosia, Byzantine empress (approximate date)
 * Theophanes the Branded, Byzantine monk (d. 845)
 * Wetti of Reichenau, German scholar (approximate date)

Deaths

 * April 25
 * Smbat VII Bagratuni, Armenian noble
 * Mushegh VI Mamikonian, Armenian noble
 * September 14 – Constantine V, Byzantine emperor (b. 718)
 * October 6 – Al-Mansur, Muslim caliph (b. 714)
 * date unknown
 * Ciniod I, king of the Picts
 * Fujiwara no Kurajimaro, Japanese politician (b. 734)
 * Princess Inoe of Japan (b. 717)
 * Isma'il ibn Jafar, Shī‘ah Imām (approximate date)
 * Kibi no Makibi, Japanese scholar (b. 695)
 * Ruyuan, Chinese Buddhist abbess and master

title: 775


text:
776

Year 776 (DCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 776 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Byzantine Empire

 * April 24 – Emperor Leo IV ("the Khazar") appoints his 5-year-old son Constantine VI co-ruler of the Byzantine Empire. This leads to an uprising, led by one of Leo's half-brothers, Caesar Nikephoros, the second son of former emperor Constantine V. The revolt is quickly suppressed. Fortunately for Nikephoros, his only punishment is to be stripped of his titles, while the rest of the conspirators are blinded, tonsured, and exiled to Cherson (southern Crimea) under guard.

Europe

 * King Charlemagne spends Easter in Treviso (northern Italy), after putting down a rebellion in Friuli and Spoleto. He removes Hrodgaud of Friuli from power, and reforms the duchy as the March of Friuli (military frontier district). Co-conspirators who support the revolt are Arechis II, duke of Benevento, and Adalgis, son of former Lombard king Desiderius. Frankish counts are placed in the cities of Friuli.
 * Saxon Wars: The Saxons again revolt against Christianity and Frankish rule. Eresburg falls, but a Saxon assault upon the castle of Syburg fails. Charlemagne hurriedly returns from Italy, launching a counter-offensive which defeats the Saxons. Most of their leaders are summoned to the Lippe at the town of Bad Lippspringe (North Rhine-Westphalia), to submit formally to Charlemagne.

Britain

 * Battle of Otford: King Egbert II of Kent defeats the Mercians under King Offa (near Otford), and re-asserts himself as ruler of Kent.

Births

 * February – Al-Jahiz, Afro-Muslim scholar and writer (d. 868)
 * date unknown – Lu Sui, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 835)
 * probable
 * Saint George the Standard-Bearer, archbishop (d. 821)
 * Bai Xingjian, Chinese poet and writer (d. 826)
 * Sahnun ibn Sa'id, Muslim jurist (or 777)
 * Tahir ibn Husayn, Muslim governor (or 775)

Deaths

 * date unknown
 * Cellach mac Dúnchada, king of Leinster (Ireland)
 * Cináed Ciarrge mac Cathussaig, Dál nAraide king
 * Flaithniadh mac Congal, abbot of Clonfert
 * Hrodgaud, duke of Friuli (Italy)
 * Humayd ibn Qahtaba, Muslim military leader
 * Nuada ua Bolcain, abbot of Tuam (Ireland)

title: 776


text:
AD 777

Year 777 (DCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday  of the Julian calendar, the 777th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 777th year of the 1st millennium, the 77th year of the 8th century, and the 8th year of the 770s decade. The denomination 777 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Europe

 * Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne spends Easter in Nijmegen, and leads a large Frankish army to Paderborn, where a general assembly of Carolingian and Saxon leaders had been summoned. Saxon lands are integrated into the Frankish Kingdom, and divided into missionary parishes. Duke Widukind and his followers flee to King Sigfred of Denmark, seeking refuge and support.
 * Abbasid–Carolingian alliance: Charlemagne receives a request for support from pro-Abbasid rulers in the eastern thughur, or military frontier zone of the Emirate of Córdoba. Several powerful officials and noblemen in northeastern Iberia, such as the governors of Barcelona and Zaragoza, seek to rise up against the Umayyad emir Abd al-Rahman I.

Africa

 * Abd al-Rahman ibn Rustam is recognized as imam of the Ibadis, in Maghreb (western North Africa).

Religion

 * Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria founds Kremsmünster Abbey (modern Austria). During this period, the Tassilo Chalice is possibly donated by Luitpirga, wife of Tassilo (approximate date).

Births

 * date unknown
 * Heungdeok, king of Silla (Korea) (d. 836)
 * Ishaq ibn Rahwayh, Muslim imam (or 778)
 * Masawaiyh, Assyrian physician (d. 857)

Deaths

 * date unknown
 * Feardomhnach, abbot of Tuam (Ireland)
 * Flaithrí mac Domnaill, king of Connacht (Ireland)
 * Fujiwara no Kiyonari, Japanese nobleman (b. 716)
 * Fujiwara no Yoshitsugu, Japanese statesman (b. 716)
 * Ibrāhīm al-Fazārī, Muslim astronomer
 * Waermund, bishop of Worcester
 * probable
 * Telerig, ruler (khagan) of Bulgaria
 * Walpurga, Anglo-Saxon missionary (or 779)

title: AD 777


text:
778

Year 778 (DCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 778th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 778th year of the 1st millennium, the 78th year of the 8th century, and the 9th year of the 770s decade. The denomination 778 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Arab Caliphate and Byzantine Empire

 * Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Leo IV ("the Khazar") repulses an Abbasid invasion in Anatolia. A Byzantine expeditionary force under Michael Lachanodrakon, military governor (strategos) of the Thracesian Theme, defeats the Muslim-Arabs at the fortress city of Germanikeia in Cilicia (modern Turkey). He plunders the region and takes many captives, mostly Jacobites, who are resettled in Thrace.

Europe

 * A Frankish army (supported by Burgundians, Bavarians, Bretons, Lombards, and Visigoths) under King Charlemagne invades Al-Andalus (modern Spain), and conquers the cities of Pamplona and Barcelona. However, the Franks are halted at Zaragoza, in the thughur or frontier zone of the Emirate of Córdoba.
 * August 15 – Battle of Roncevaux Pass (Pyrenees): Charlemagne is defeated by the Basques. Among those killed is Roland, governor of the Breton March, who will be immortalized in the 11th century epic The Song of Roland. This marks the beginning of medieval French literature.
 * Saxon Wars: Widukind and his close followers return to Saxony from Denmark. He probably makes alliances with the Danes and the northwestern Slav tribes. Saxon rebels destroy the fortress of Karlsburg and sack Deutz (near Cologne), but are unable to cross the Rhine. They are driven back by the garrison of Koblenz, but then ambush and defeat the Frankish pursuers. Counter-attacking Frankish forces pursue the Saxons up the Lahn Valley, and defeat them near Leisa.

Britain

 * Unrest in Northumbria leads to King Æthelred I ordering the execution of three of his dukes. This considerably weakens his position (approximate date).

Religion

 * Saxon raiders destroy many churches deep in Frankish territory. The Benedictine monks of Fulda Abbey (modern-day Hesse) hurriedly carry the relics of Saint Boniface over the Rhön Mountains to safety.
 * In Japan, the Kiyomizu-dera Buddhist temple is founded in Kyoto. Its main hall (Hondo) is built in 1633 without a single nail.

Births

 * Ali ibn al-Madini, Muslim scholar (d. 849)
 * Bernard, bishop of Vienne (d. 842)
 * Ermengarde of Hesbaye, queen of the Franks (d. 818)
 * Ishaq ibn Rahwayh, Muslim scholar and imam (or 777)
 * Li Gongzuo, Chinese writer (d. 848)
 * Li Shigu, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 806)
 * Liu Gongquan, Chinese calligrapher (d. 865)
 * Louis the Pious, king of the Franks (d. 840)
 * Rotrude, Frankish princess, daughter of Charlemagne (or 775)
 * Xian Zong, emperor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 820)
 * Zhaozhou, Chinese Zen Buddhist master (d. 897)

Deaths

 * August 15 – Roland, Frankish military leader
 * Áed Find, king of Dál Riata (Scotland)
 * Alpín II, king of the Picts
 * Berhthun, bishop of Lichfield (approximate date)
 * Congalach mac Conaing, king of South Brega (Ireland)
 * Eterscél mac Áeda, king of the Uí Cheinnselaig (Ireland)
 * Mac Flaithniadh, abbot of Clonfert (Ireland)
 * Niall Frossach, High King of Ireland
 * Sufyan al-Thawri, Muslim scholar and jurist (b. 716)

title: 778